EUA and sCER phase II price drivers: Unveiling the reasons for the existence of the EUA-sCER spread
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Mansanet-Bataller, Maria, E-mail: maria.mansanet@uv.e [Climate Economics Chair (CEC), Paris (France); University of Valencia, Valencia (Spain); CDC Climat Research (France); Chevallier, Julien, E-mail: julien.chevallier@dauphine.f [Universite Paris-Dauphine (CGEMP/LEDa) (France); Herve-Mignucci, Morgan, E-mail: morgan.herve-mignucci@CPIVenice.or [CDC Climat Research (France); Climate Policy Initiative, Venice (Italy); Alberola, Emilie, E-mail: emilie.alberola@ccdcclimat.co [CDC Climat Research (France); Chair Energy and Finance, HEC Business School (France)
2011-03-15
This article studies the price relationships between EU emissions allowances (EUAs) - valid under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) - and secondary Certified Emissions Reductions (sCERs)-established from primary CERs generated through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Given the price differences between EUAs and sCERs, financial and industrial operators may benefit from arbitrage strategies by buying sCERs and selling EUAs (i.e. selling the EUA-sCER spread) to cover their compliance position as industrial operators are allowed to use sCERs towards compliance with their emissions cap within the European system up to 13.4%. Our central results show that the spread is mainly driven by EUA prices and market microstructure variables and less importantly, as we would expect, by emissions-related fundamental drivers. This might be justified by the fact that the EU ETS remains the greatest source of CER demand to date. - Research Highlights: {yields} This paper provides a thorough analysis of Phase II drivers for EUAs and CERs. {yields} The empirical results show that the EUA-sCER spread shares some of the drivers for EUAs and CERs. {yields} Most importantly, the EUA-sCER spread is found to be explained by microstructure variables. {yields} Therefore, the paper suggests that the EUA-sCER spread is mainly used for arbitrage purposes.
EUA and sCER phase II price drivers: Unveiling the reasons for the existence of the EUA-sCER spread
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mansanet-Bataller, Maria; Chevallier, Julien; Herve-Mignucci, Morgan; Alberola, Emilie
2011-01-01
This article studies the price relationships between EU emissions allowances (EUAs) - valid under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) - and secondary Certified Emissions Reductions (sCERs)-established from primary CERs generated through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Given the price differences between EUAs and sCERs, financial and industrial operators may benefit from arbitrage strategies by buying sCERs and selling EUAs (i.e. selling the EUA-sCER spread) to cover their compliance position as industrial operators are allowed to use sCERs towards compliance with their emissions cap within the European system up to 13.4%. Our central results show that the spread is mainly driven by EUA prices and market microstructure variables and less importantly, as we would expect, by emissions-related fundamental drivers. This might be justified by the fact that the EU ETS remains the greatest source of CER demand to date. - Research Highlights: → This paper provides a thorough analysis of Phase II drivers for EUAs and CERs. → The empirical results show that the EUA-sCER spread shares some of the drivers for EUAs and CERs. → Most importantly, the EUA-sCER spread is found to be explained by microstructure variables. → Therefore, the paper suggests that the EUA-sCER spread is mainly used for arbitrage purposes.
Implementing CER: what will it take?
Biskupiak, Joseph E; Dunn, Jeffrey D; Holtorf, Anke-Peggy
2012-06-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is undeniably changing how drugs are developed, launched, priced, and reimbursed in the United States. But most organizations are still evaluating what CER can do for them and how and when they can utilize the data. A roundtable of stakeholders, including formulary decision makers, evaluated CER's possible effects on managed care organizations (MCOs) and what it may take to fully integrate CER into decision making. To examine the role of CER in current formulary decision making, compare CER to modeling, discuss ways CER may be used in the future, and describe CER funding sources. While decision makers from different types of organizations, such as pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies and MCOs, may have varying definitions and expectations of CER, most thought leaders from a roundtable of stakeholders, including formulary decision makers, see value in CER's ability to enhance their formulary decision making. Formulary decision makers may be able to use CER to better inform their coverage decisions in areas such as benefit design, contracting, conditional reimbursement, pay for performance, and other alternative pricing arrangements. Real-world CER will require improvement in the health information technology infrastructure to better capture value-related information. The federal government is viewed as a key driver and funding source behind CER, especially for infrastructure and methods development, while industry will adapt the clinical development and create increasing CER evidence. CER then needs to be applied to determining value (or cost efficacy). It is expected that CER will continue to grow as a valuable component of formulary decision making. Future integration of CER into formulary decision making will require federal government and academic leadership, improvements in the health information technology infrastructure, ongoing funding, and improved and more consistent methodologies.
Electrochemical reduction of CerMet fuels for transmutation using surrogate CeO2-Mo pellets
Claux, B.; Souček, P.; Malmbeck, R.; Rodrigues, A.; Glatz, J.-P.
2017-08-01
One of the concepts chosen for the transmutation of minor actinides in Accelerator Driven Systems or fast reactors proposes the use of fuels and targets containing minor actinides oxides embedded in an inert matrix either composed of molybdenum metal (CerMet fuel) or of ceramic magnesium oxide (CerCer fuel). Since the sufficient transmutation cannot be achieved in a single step, it requires multi-recycling of the fuel including recovery of the not transmuted minor actinides. In the present work, a pyrochemical process for treatment of Mo metal inert matrix based CerMet fuels is studied, particularly the electroreduction in molten chloride salt as a head-end step required prior the main separation process. At the initial stage, different inactive pellets simulating the fuel containing CeO2 as minor actinide surrogates were examined. The main studied parameters of the process efficiency were the porosity and composition of the pellets and the process parameters as current density and passed charge. The results indicated the feasibility of the process, gave insight into its limiting parameters and defined the parameters for the future experiment on minor actinide containing material.
Looking at CER from Medicare's perspective.
Mohr, Penny
2012-05-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is rapidly adding to the amount of data available to health care coverage and payment decision makers. Medicare's decisions have a large effect on coverage and reimbursement policies throughout the health insurance industry and will likely influence the entire U.S. health care system; thus, examining its role in integrating CER into policy is crucial. To describe the potential benefits of CER to support payment and coverage decisions in the Medicare program, limitations on its use,the role of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in improving the infrastructure for CER, and to discuss challenges that must be addressed to integrate CER into CMS's decision-making process. A defining feature of CER is that it provides the type of evidence that will help decision makers, such as patients, clinicians, and payers,make more informed treatment and policy decisions. Because CMS is responsible for more than 47 million elderly and disabled beneficiaries, the way that Medicare uses CER has the potential to have a large impact on public and individual health. Currently many critical payment and coverage decisions within the Medicare program are made on the basis of poor quality evidence, and CER has the potential to greatly improve the quality of decision making. Despite common misconceptions, CMS is not prohibited by law from using CER apart from some reasonable limitations. CMS is,however, required to support the development of the CER infrastructure by making their data more readily available to researchers. While CER has substantial potential to improve the quality of the agency's policy decisions,challenges remain to integrate CER into Medicare's processes. These challenges include statutory ambiguities, lack of sufficient staff and internal resources to take advantage of CER, and the lack of an active voice in setting priorities for CER and study design. Although challenges exist, CER has the potential to greatly
Cha, Seungman
2017-01-01
As the Millennium Development Goals campaign (MDGs) came to a close, clear evidence was needed on the contribution of the worldwide MDG campaign. We seek to determine the degree of difference in the reduction rate between the pre-MDG and MDG campaign periods and its statistical significance by region. Unlike the prevailing studies that measured progress in 1990-2010, this study explores by percentage how much MDG progress has been achieved during the MDG campaign period and quantifies the impact of the MDG campaign on the maternal and under-five child mortality reduction during the MDG era by comparing observed values with counterfactual values estimated on the basis of the historical trend. The low accomplishment of sub-Saharan Africa toward the MDG target mainly resulted from the debilitated progress of mortality reduction during 1990-2000, which was not related to the worldwide MDG campaign. In contrast, the other regions had already achieved substantial progress before the Millennium Declaration was proclaimed. Sub-Saharan African countries have seen the most remarkable impact of the worldwide MDG campaign on maternal and child mortality reduction across all different measurements. In sub-Saharan Africa, the MDG campaign has advanced the progress of the declining maternal mortality ratio and under-five mortality rate, respectively, by 4.29 and 4.37 years. Sub-Saharan African countries were frequently labeled as 'off-track', 'insufficient progress', or 'no progress' even though the greatest progress was achieved here during the worldwide MDG campaign period and the impact of the worldwide MDG campaign was most pronounced in this region in all respects. It is time to learn from the success stories of the sub-Saharan African countries. Erroneous and biased measurement should be avoided for the sustainable development goals to progress.
Non-clinical development of CER-001.
Barbaras, Ronald
2015-01-01
Cardiovascular disease remains the most pressing healthcare issue for the developed world and is becoming so for developing countries. There are no currently approved therapies that can rapidly reduce the burden of unstable, inflamed plaque in the overall coronary vascular bed. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has multiple actions that could lead to plaque stabilization, such as rapid removal of large quantities of cholesterol from the vasculature through the process of reverse lipid transport, improvement in endothelial function, protection against oxidative damage, and reduction in inflammation. Short-term infusion of HDL-mimetics in animal models as well as in humans has shown promising effects on the plaque size and morphology. Cerenis Therapeutics has developed CER-001, a negatively charged lipoprotein complex consisting of phospholipid and recombinant human apoA-I that mimics the structure and function of natural HDL. Three clinical trials using CER-001 infusions have demonstrated improvements in the carotid wall thickness of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia and in patients with hypo-alphalipoproteinaemia, as well as an impact on coronary plaque burden measured by intravascular ultrasonography at the lowest tested dose (3 mg/kg) in post-ACS patients. Here, we reviewed the non-clinical data leading to the demonstration that CER-001 is a full HDL mimetic.
Li, Chao; Wang, Aidong; Ma, Xiaoying; Pourkheirandish, Mohammad; Sakuma, Shun; Wang, Ning; Ning, Shunzong; Nevo, Eviatar; Nawrath, Christiane; Komatsuda, Takao; Chen, Guoxiong
2013-03-01
Drought limits plant growth and threatens crop productivity. A barley (Hordeum vulgare) ethylene imine-induced monogenic recessive mutant cer-zv, which is sensitive to drought, was characterized and genetically mapped in the present study. Detached leaves of cer-zv lost 34.2 % of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration. The transpiration was much higher in cer-zv leaves than in wild-type leaves under both light and dark conditions. The stomata of cer-zv leaves functioned normally, but the cuticle of cer-zv leaves showed increased permeability to ethanol and toluidine blue dye. There was a 50-90 % reduction in four major cutin monomers, but no reduction in wax loads was found in the cer-zv mutant as compared with the wild type. Two F(2) mapping populations were established by the crosses of 23-19 × cer-zv and cer-zv × OUH602. More polymorphisms were found in EST sequences between cer-zv and OUH602 than between cer-zv and 23-19. cer-zv was located in a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H in a 10.8 cM interval in the 23-19 × cer-zv map based on 186 gametes tested and a 1.7 cM interval in the cer-zv × OUH602 map based on 176 gametes tested. It co-segregated with EST marker AK251484 in both maps. The results indicated that the cer-zv mutant is defective in cutin, which might be responsible for the increased transpiration rate and drought sensitivity, and that the F(2) of cer-zv × OUH602 might better facilitate high resolution mapping of cer-zv.
Cha, Seungman
2017-01-01
ABSTRACT Background: As the Millennium Development Goals campaign (MDGs) came to a close, clear evidence was needed on the contribution of the worldwide MDG campaign. Objective: We seek to determine the degree of difference in the reduction rate between the pre-MDG and MDG campaign periods and its statistical significance by region. Design: Unlike the prevailing studies that measured progress in 1990–2010, this study explores by percentage how much MDG progress has been achieved during the MDG campaign period and quantifies the impact of the MDG campaign on the maternal and under-five child mortality reduction during the MDG era by comparing observed values with counterfactual values estimated on the basis of the historical trend. Results: The low accomplishment of sub-Saharan Africa toward the MDG target mainly resulted from the debilitated progress of mortality reduction during 1990–2000, which was not related to the worldwide MDG campaign. In contrast, the other regions had already achieved substantial progress before the Millennium Declaration was proclaimed. Sub-Saharan African countries have seen the most remarkable impact of the worldwide MDG campaign on maternal and child mortality reduction across all different measurements. In sub-Saharan Africa, the MDG campaign has advanced the progress of the declining maternal mortality ratio and under-five mortality rate, respectively, by 4.29 and 4.37 years. Conclusions: Sub-Saharan African countries were frequently labeled as ‘off-track’, ‘insufficient progress’, or ‘no progress’ even though the greatest progress was achieved here during the worldwide MDG campaign period and the impact of the worldwide MDG campaign was most pronounced in this region in all respects. It is time to learn from the success stories of the sub-Saharan African countries. Erroneous and biased measurement should be avoided for the sustainable development goals to progress. PMID:28168932
Merlet, Nolwenn; Busseuil, David; Mihalache-Avram, Teodora; Mecteau, Melanie; Shi, Yanfen; Nachar, Walid; Brand, Genevieve; Brodeur, Mathieu R; Charpentier, Daniel; Rhainds, David; Sy, Gavin; Schwendeman, Anna; Lalwani, Narendra; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Rhéaume, Eric; Tardif, Jean-Claude
2016-07-15
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) infusions induce rapid improvement of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits but their effect on ventricular function remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the HDL mimetic peptide CER-522 on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Rabbits were fed with a cholesterol- and vitamin D2-enriched diet until mild aortic valve stenosis and hypercholesterolemia-induced LV hypertrophy and LVDD developed. Animals then received saline or 10 or 30mg/kg CER-522 infusions 6 times over 2weeks. We performed serial echocardiograms and LV histology to evaluate the effects of CER-522 therapy on LVDD. LVDD was reduced by CER-522 as shown by multiple parameters including early filling mitral deceleration time, deceleration rate, Em/Am ratio, E/Em ratio, pulmonary venous velocities, and LVDD score. These findings were associated with reduced macrophages (RAM-11 positive cells) in the pericoronary area and LV, and decreased levels of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in CER-522-treated rabbits. CER-522 treatment also resulted in decreased atheromatous plaques and internal elastic lamina area in coronary arteries. CER-522 improves LVDD in rabbits, with reductions of LV macrophage accumulation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, coronary atherosclerosis and remodelling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tardy, Claudine; Goffinet, Marine; Boubekeur, Nadia; Ackermann, Rose; Sy, Gavin; Bluteau, Alice; Cholez, Guy; Keyserling, Constance; Lalwani, Narendra; Paolini, John F; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Barbaras, Ronald; Baron, Rudi
2014-01-01
CER-001 is a novel engineered HDL-mimetic comprised of recombinant human apoA-I and phospholipids that was designed to mimic the beneficial properties of nascent pre-β HDL. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of CER-001 to perform reverse lipid transport in single dose studies as well as to regress atherosclerosis in LDLr(-/-) mice after short-term multiple-dose infusions. CER-001 induced cholesterol efflux from macrophages and exhibited anti-inflammatory response similar to natural HDL. Studies with HUVEC demonstrated CER-001 at a concentration of 500 μg/mL completely suppressed the secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and MCP-1. Following infusion of CER-001 (10mg/kg) in C57Bl/6J mice, we observed a transient increase in the mobilization of unesterified cholesterol in HDL particles containing recombinant human apoA-I. Finally we show that cholesterol elimination was stimulated in CER-001 treated animals as demonstrated by the increased cholesterol concentration in liver and feces. In a familial hypercholesterolemia mouse model (LDL-receptor deficient mice), the infusion of CER-001 caused 17% and 32% reductions in plaque size, 17% and 23% reductions in lipid content after 5 and 10 doses given every 2 days, respectively. Also, there was an 80% reduction in macrophage content in the plaque following 5 doses, and decreased VCAM-1 expression by 16% and 22% in the plaque following 5 and 10 intravenous doses of CER-001, respectively. These data demonstrate that CER-001 rapidly enhances reverse lipid transport in the mouse, reducing vascular inflammation and promoting regression of diet-induced atherosclerosis in LDLr(-/-) mice upon a short-term multiple dose treatment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Looking at CER from the pharmaceutical industry perspective.
Dubois, Robert W
2012-05-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is increasing as an element of health care reform in the United States. By comparing drugs against other drugs or other therapies instead of just to placebo, CER has the potential to improve decisions about the appropriate treatment for patients. But the growth of CER also brings an array of questions and decisions for purchasers and policy makers that will not be easy to answer and which require significant dialogue to fully understand and address. To describe some of the impact, both positive and negative, that comparative effectiveness research (CER) may have on the pharmaceutical industry. As CER data proliferate, questions are being raised about who can access the data, who can discuss it, and in what forums. Regulations place different communication restrictions on the pharmaceutical industry than on other health care stakeholders, which creates a potential inequality. Another CER consideration will be the tendency to apply average results to individuals, even if not every individual experiences the average result. Policy makers should implement CER findings carefully with a goal toward accommodating flexibility. A final impact to consider is whether greater expectations for CER will have a negative or positive effect on incentives for drug innovation. In some cases, CER may increase development costs or decrease market size. In other cases, better targeting of trial populations could result in lower development costs. The rising expectations and growth in CER raise questions about information access, communication restrictions, flexible implementation policies, and incentives for innovation. Members of the pharmaceutical industry should be cognizant of the questions and should be participating in dialogues now to pave the way for future solutions.
Esposito, Dominick; Yong, Pierre L; Rich, Eugene; Geonnotti, Kristin; Kimmey, Laura D
2014-11-01
To describe the evaluation design of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 comparative effectiveness research (CER) investment, how funds were allocated and how CER priorities were addressed. Primary and secondary data included information from redacted project proposals, an investigator survey and federal project officers, investigators and expert panel discussions. More than 420 projects (US$1.1 billion) were awarded. Those generating new or synthesizing existing CER made up the plurality (194, or US$524 million). Data infrastructure projects were the second-largest area (28%, US$302 million). More than three-fourths addressed at least one priority population, condition category or intervention category. These investments expanded the nation's CER activities and its future capacity to conduct CER.
The Multi-Frequency Correlation Between Eua and sCER Futures Prices: Evidence from the Emd Approach
Zhang, Yue-Jun; Huang, Yi-Song
2015-05-01
Currently European Union Allowances (EUA) and secondary Certified Emission Reduction (sCER) have become two dominant carbon trading assets for investors and their linkage attracts much attention from academia and practitioners in recent years. Under this circumstance, we use the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach to decompose the two carbon futures contract prices and discuss their correlation from the multi-frequency perspective. The empirical results indicate that, first, the EUA and sCER futures price movements can be divided into those triggered by the long-term, medium-term and short-term market impacts. Second, the price movements in the EUA and sCER futures markets are primarily caused by the long-term impact, while the short-term impact can only explain a small fraction. Finally, the long-term (short-term) effect on EUA prices is statistically uncorrelated with the short-term (long-term) effect of sCER prices, and there is a medium or strong lead-and-lag correlation between the EUA and sCER price components with the same time scales. These results may provide some important insights of price forecast and arbitraging activities for carbon futures market investors, analysts and regulators.
Looking at CER from the managed care organization perspective.
Cannon, H Eric
2012-05-01
The amount of available comparative effectiveness research (CER) is increasing, giving managed care organizations (MCOs) more information to use in decision making. However, MCOs may not be prepared to integrate this new and voluminous data into their current practices and policies. To describe ways that health care reform will affect MCO populations in the future, to examine examples of how MCOs have utilized CER data in the past, and to identify questions that MCOs will have to address as they integrate CER into future decision making. Unquestionably, health care reform will change the U.S. market. Millions more insured individuals will be making purchasing decisions. In addition, health care reform will mean more CER data will be available, affecting the decisions MCOs must make. In the past, MCOs may not have used CER as effectively as they could in making formulary and other policy decisions. However, there are examples that show how CER can be integrated effectively, such as Intermountain Healthcare's use of CER to create treatment guidelines, which have been shown to lower costs and improve delivery of care. In the future, MCOs will need to assess their own abilities to utilize CER, including their infrastructure of expertise, hardware, software, and protocols and processes. MCOs will also need to understand how pertinent CER is to their own needs, how it may affect benefit design, and how it will affect their customers' needs. Health care reform, and the resultant growth of CER, will have significant impact on MCOs, who will need to invest in better infrastructure and new understandings of a transforming market, changing customer bases, and evolving data.
Oderda, Gary M; Balfe, Lisa M
2011-01-01
In recent years, the U.S. government has designated funding of several large-scale initiatives for comparative effectiveness research (CER) in health care. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 apportioned more than $1 billion to support CER programs administered by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). CER is generally defined as the undertaking of original research or systematic reviews of published literature in order to compare the benefits and risks of different approaches to preventing, diagnosing, or treating diseases. These approaches may include diagnostic tests, medications, medical devices, and surgeries. The overall goals of CER are to support informed health care decisions by patients, clinicians, payers, and policy makers and to apply its evidence to ultimately improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of health care. To (a) provide managed care professionals with general definitions of CER, specifically as it is administered by AHRQ; (b) discuss the importance of CER to clinical and managed care pharmacists; and (c) summarize key methods and findings from AHRQ's 2007 comparative effectiveness review on therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As supported by AHRQ, CER is conducted in order to synthesize comprehensive evidence on the comparative benefits and harms of treatment interventions. The findings from comparative effectiveness reviews can thus contribute to informing therapeutic strategies and treatment decisions. In 2007, a multitude of RA treatment options and studies motivated AHRQ to commission a systematic comparative effectiveness review. Conducted by investigators at the RTI-University of North Carolina Evidence-Based Practice Center, the review included comparisons of synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, synthetic DMARDs versus biologic agents, and various
Cole, Elaine J.; Fieselman, Laura
2013-01-01
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to design a community-based social marketing (CBSM) campaign to foster sustainable behavior change in paper reduction, commingled recycling, and purchasing environmentally preferred products (EPP) with faculty and staff at Pacific University Oregon. Design/methodology/approach: A CBSM campaign was developed…
Bringing liraglutide to market: a CER case study.
Oderda, Gary; Sifford-Wilson, S Monet
2012-06-01
Faced with competition from other drugs and therapies, drug manufacturers may be able to use comparative effectiveness research (CER) to help reduce barriers to a new drug's adoption and integration into formularies. But few examples exist to show how CER can be used effectively and whether the data can make a difference. To examine how CER can help strengthen a new drug's entry into the market and integration into formularies, and how ongoing CER might be valuable as a drug is implemented in the real world. A roundtable of 9 representatives from health plans, including formulary decision makers, evaluated how CER in phase 3 development of a new drug can add to the drug's strength of evidence, helping decision makers understand how and where to integrate that drug into a formulary. The round table participants viewed, as a case study, the development of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist for adults with type 2 diabetes that was approved by the FDA in January 2010. With this drug, CER was incorporated into an extensive type 2 diabetes clinical development program, comparing how the drug worked in comparison with other established therapies. Although there are many antidiabetic drugs available for use, patients with type 2 diabetes often need additional agents. The FDA approved liraglutide with the conclusion that benefits of the drug outweighed potential risks but noted the association with pancreatitis in humans and animal data that showed rare medullary thyroid cancer associated with liraglutide. Roundtable participants agreed that while pre-launch CER can be valuable, ongoing real-world research is also important for confirming expected results, identifying additional uses and indications and managing risks. The participants also suggested opportunities for additional CER studies and made recommendations for manufacturers. Roundtable thought leaders agreed that well-planned trial designs incorporating CER result in high
La industria cerámica brasileña
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pacheco Jordao, M. A.
2001-02-01
Full Text Available Ceramics play an important role in the Brazilian economy, with a participation estimated in 1% of the GNP ( Gross National Product, corresponding to about 6 billion dollars. The abundance of natural raw-materials, alternative energy sources, and the availability of practical technologies within the industrial equipments, caused a rapid evolution of the Brazilian industries, and several types of products from the various ceramic segments attained international quality levels, with significative exportation. He ceramic sector is very diverse and can be divided into the following classes: heavy clay ceramics, wall and floor tiles, refractory materials, sanitary ware, porcelain electric insulators, tableware, decorative china, ceramic filters and reservoirs for domestic use, technical ceramics, and thermal insulators. All these segments exist in Brazil, in a higher or lower stage of development and production capacity. Moreover, there are also manufacturers of synthetic glazes and colorants, plaster of paris, equipments and some auxiliary chemicals. In this paper, an overview of the main Brazilian ceramic segments is presented, excluding the glass, cement, and lime sectors, which, despite being ceramic, are generally treated in separate.
La cerámica juega un papel muy importante para la economía del país brasileño con una participación en el P.I.B (Producto Interior Bruto estimado en el 1%, correspondiendo a cerca de 6 millones de dólares. La abundancia de materias primas naturales, fuentes alternativas de energía y una amplia tecnología incorporada a los equipos industriales, han hecho que las industrias brasileñas evolucionasen rápidamente de forma que muchos tipos de productos de diferentes segmentos de la actividad cerámica alcanzasen niveles de calidad mundial, con cifras apreciables destinadas a la exportación. El sector industrial de la cerámica incluye producciones muy diversificados y puede ser dividido en los siguientes
2009-09-01
The protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), the main platelet receptor for thrombin, represents a novel target for treatment of arterial thrombosis, and SCH 530348 is an orally active, selective, competitive PAR-1 antagonist. We designed TRA*CER to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCH 530348 compared with placebo in addition to standard of care in patients with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and high-risk features. TRA*CER is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase III trial with an original estimated sample size of 10,000 subjects. Our primary objective is to demonstrate that SCH 530348 in addition to standard of care will reduce the incidence of the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, and urgent coronary revascularization compared with standard of care alone. Our key secondary objective is to determine whether SCH 530348 will reduce the composite of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke compared with standard of care alone. Secondary objectives related to safety are the composite of moderate and severe GUSTO bleeding and clinically significant TIMI bleeding. The trial will continue until a predetermined minimum number of centrally adjudicated primary and key secondary end point events have occurred and all subjects have participated in the study for at least 1 year. The TRA*CER trial is part of the large phase III SCH 530348 development program that includes a concomitant evaluation in secondary prevention. TRA*CER will define efficacy and safety of the novel platelet PAR-1 inhibitor SCH 530348 in the treatment of high-risk patients with NSTE ACS in the setting of current treatment strategies.
A novel approach to generating CER hypotheses based on mining clinical data.
Zhang, Shuo; Li, Lin; Yu, Yiqin; Sun, Xingzhi; Xu, Linhao; Zhao, Wei; Teng, Xiaofei; Pan, Yue
2013-01-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is a scientific method of investigating the effectiveness of alternative intervention methods. In a CER study, clinical researchers typically start with a CER hypothesis, and aim to evaluate it by applying a series of medical statistical methods. Traditionally, the CER hypotheses are defined manually by clinical researchers. This makes the task of hypothesis generation very time-consuming and the quality of hypothesis heavily dependent on the researchers' skills. Recently, with more electronic medical data being collected, it is highly promising to apply the computerized method for discovering CER hypotheses from clinical data sets. In this poster, we proposes a novel approach to automatically generating CER hypotheses based on mining clinical data, and presents a case study showing that the approach can facilitate clinical researchers to identify potentially valuable hypotheses and eventually define high quality CER studies.
HDL mimetic CER-001 targets atherosclerotic plaques in patients.
Zheng, Kang He; van der Valk, Fleur M; Smits, Loek P; Sandberg, Mara; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Baron, Rudi; Barbaras, Ronald; Keyserling, Constance; Coolen, Bram F; Nederveen, Aart J; Verberne, Hein J; Nell, Thijs E; Vugts, Danielle J; Duivenvoorden, Raphaël; Fayad, Zahi A; Mulder, Willem J M; van Dongen, Guus A M S; Stroes, Erik S G
2016-08-01
Infusion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetics aimed at reducing atherosclerotic burden has led to equivocal results, which may relate in part to the inability of HDL mimetics to adequately reach atherosclerotic lesions in humans. This study evaluated delivery of recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) containing HDL mimetic CER-001 in carotid plaques in patients. CER-001 was radiolabeled with the long-lived positron emitter zirconium-89 ((89)Zr) to enable positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Eight patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease (>50% stenosis) received a single infusion of unlabeled CER-001 (3 mg/kg), co-administered with 10 mg of (89)Zr-labeled CER-001 (18 MBq). Serial PET/CT imaging and contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) were performed to evaluate targeted delivery of CER-001. One hour after infusion, mean plasma apoA-I levels increased by 9.9 mg/dL (p = 0.026), with a concomitant relative increase in the plasma cholesterol efflux capacity of 13.8% (p CER-001 expressed as target-to-background ratio (TBRmax) increased significantly 24 h after infusion, and remained increased up to 48 h (TBRmax t = 10 min: 0.98; t = 24 h: 1.14 (p = 0.001); t = 48 h: 1.12 (p = 0.007)). TBRmax was higher in plaque compared with non-plaque segments (1.18 vs. 1.05; p CER-001 increases plasma apoA-I concentration and plasma cholesterol efflux capacity. Our data support the concept that CER-001 targets plaque regions in patients, which correlates with plaque contrast enhancement. These clinical findings may also guide future nanomedicine development using HDL particles for drug delivery in atherosclerosis. Netherlands Trial Registry - NTR5178. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5178. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Nursing Research, CER, PICO and PCORI.
Patel, Darpan I
2018-01-01
Community and public health nurse researchers encompass a unique cohort of nurse researchers that have the skills and capacity to lead projects and programs of science centered on improvement of patient outcomes through methods of comparative effectiveness research (CER). CER, as a general method, has been taught to all nurses in the form of the PICO question to improve evidence-based practices. As the climate for funding becomes more and more competitive, nurse researchers are primed to lead the change in improving patient outcomes through patient centered outcomes research (PCOR). However, the number of projects funded by agencies like the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, fall well below the capabilities of the field. The purpose of this commentary is to promote the field of PCOR and encourage novice and experienced nurse researchers to apply for funding from the PCORI by introducing different methods for building capacity and promoting engagement in the national conversations of PCOR and CER.
A Multifactorial Mechanism in the Superior Antimalarial Activity of α-C-GalCer
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
John Schmieg
2010-01-01
Full Text Available We have previously shown that the C-glycoside analog of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, α-C-GalCer, displays a superior inhibitory activity against the liver stages of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii than its parental glycolipid, α-GalCer. In this study, we demonstrate that NK cells, as well as IL-12, are a key contributor for the superior activity displayed by α-C-GalCer. Surprisingly, the diminished production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, by α-C-GalCer has no affect on its superior therapeutic activity relative to α-GalCer. Finally, we show that the in vivo administration of α-C-GalCer induces prolonged maturation of dendritic cells (DCs, as well as an enhanced proliferative response of mouse invariant Vα14 (Vα14i NKT cells, both of which may also contribute to some degree to the superior activity of α-C-GalCer in vivo.
The Collision Repair Campaign targets meaningful risk reduction in the Collision Repair source category to reduce air toxic emissions in their communities. The Campaign also helps shops to work towards early compliance with the Auto Body Rule.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2000-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
Li, Chao; Liu, Cheng; Ma, Xiaoying; Wang, Aidong; Duan, Ruijun; Nawrath, Christiane; Komatsuda, Takao; Chen, Guoxiong
2015-09-01
The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker AK370363 and AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-04-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
Monomer-dimer control of the ColE1 P(cer) promoter.
Chatwin, H M; Summers, D K
2001-11-01
XerCD-mediated recombination at cer converts multimers of plasmid ColE1 to monomers, maximizing the number of independently segregating molecules and minimizing the frequency of plasmid loss. In addition to XerCD, recombination requires the accessory factors ArgR and PepA. The promoter P(cer), located centrally within cer, is also required for stable plasmid maintenance. P(cer) is active in plasmid multimers and directs transcription of a short RNA, Rcd, which appears to inhibit cell division. It has been proposed that Rcd is part of a checkpoint which ensures that multimer resolution is complete before the cell divides. This study has shown that ArgR does not act as a transcriptional repressor of P(cer) in plasmid monomers. P(cer) is unusual in that the -35 and -10 hexamers are separated by only 15 bp and this study has demonstrated that increasing this to a more conventional spacing results in elevated activity. An increase to 17 bp resulted in a 10- to 20-fold increase in activity, while smaller effects were seen when the spacer was increased to 16 bp or 18 bp. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that P(cer) activation involves realignment of the -35 and -10 sequences within a recombinational synaptic complex. This predicts that a 17 bp spacer promoter derivative should be down-regulated by plasmid multimerization, and this is confirmed experimentally.
CER. Research reactors in France
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Estrade, Jerome
2012-01-01
Networking and the establishment of coalitions between research reactors are important to guarantee a high technical quality of the facility, to assure well educated and trained personnel, to harmonize the codes of standards and the know-ledge of the personnel as well as to enhance research reactor utilization. In addition to the European co-operation, country-specific working groups have been established for many years, such as the French research reactor Club d'Exploitants des Reacteurs (CER). It is the association of French research reactors representing all types of research reactors from zero power up to high flux reactors. CER was founded in 1990 and today a number of 14 research reactors meet twice a year for an exchange of experience. (orig.)
Adams, Katherine T
2009-08-01
Evidence-based medicine has been a rallying cry for payers, but an inability to define value, conflicting clinical trial designs, physician practice variations, and payment incentives confound efforts to make EBM go mainstream. CER may give EBM some legs - just as the biologics pipeline is about to overflow.
Unresolved tensions in consumer engagement in CER: a US research perspective.
Workman, Thomas; Maurer, Maureen; Carman, Kristin
2013-03-01
Efforts to engage patients and consumers in comparative effectiveness research (CER) in the USA are still in the early stages, and the outcomes of these partnerships have yet to be fully understood or realized. Our work assisting federal agencies and national organizations who engage patients and consumers in CER reveal three unresolved tensions around the representation of the patient experience in the research process, the culture of research and capacity to partner with patients and consumers, and the conflict between the methodological approaches to CER and the outcomes of interest to patients and caregivers. Several approaches to address these tensions have emerged, yet resolving these tensions will require addressing many system-level challenges and building an evidence base for consumer engagement in CER.
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=1998-08-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
Revstimentos cerâmicos aderentes de paredes
Borges, Rui Jorge Nóbrega
2013-01-01
O objetivo geral desta dissertação consistiu num levantamento exaustivo do tipo e caraterísticas de ladrilhos cerâmicos, utilizados no revestimento de paredes, existentes no nosso mercado. Os ladrilhos cerâmicos continuam a ser o revestimento mais utilizado na construção de edifícios em Portugal, visto que, há grande tradição na utilização de ladrilhos colados como revestimento de fachadas, e cada vez mais como revestimento de pavimentos, sistemas que tem uma elevada durabilidade quando corre...
CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=1998-08-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
Approaches to answering critical CER questions.
Kinnier, Christine V; Chung, Jeanette W; Bilimoria, Karl Y
2015-01-01
While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for research, many research questions cannot be ethically and practically answered using an RCT. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) techniques are often better suited than RCTs to address the effects of an intervention under routine care conditions, an outcome otherwise known as effectiveness. CER research techniques covered in this section include: effectiveness-oriented experimental studies such as pragmatic trials and cluster randomized trials, treatment response heterogeneity, observational and database studies including adjustment techniques such as sensitivity analysis and propensity score analysis, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis. Each section describes the technique and covers the strengths and weaknesses of the approach.
Development of CER-001: Preclinical Dose Selection Through to Phase I Clinical Findings.
Keyserling, Constance H; Barbaras, Ronald; Benghozi, Renee; Dasseux, Jean-Louis
2017-05-01
CER-001 comprises recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I complexed with phospholipids that mimics natural, nascent, pre-β high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We present animal model data showing dose-dependent increases in cholesterol efflux with CER-001 and its subsequent elimination by reverse lipid transport, together with inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progression. We report the first phase I study results with CER-001 in humans, starting at 0.25 mg/kg, which is 1/80th of the safe dose (20 mg/kg) established in 4-week multiple-dose animal studies dosed every second day. Healthy volunteers, 18-55 years old with a low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio greater than 3.0, received single intravenous escalating doses of CER-001 (0.25-45.0 mg/kg) and placebo in a double-blind randomised cross-over fashion. Subjects were followed up for 3 weeks post-dose. Assessments included adverse event monitoring, blood sampling, and clinical laboratory measurements. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled. All CER-001 doses (0.25-45 mg/kg) were safe and well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to placebo. Effects on clinical chemistry, haematology and coagulation parameters were comparable to placebo. No adverse effects of CER-001 on electrocardiograms were observed. No antibodies to apolipoprotein A-I were detected following single-dose administration of CER-001. Plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels increased in a dose-related manner and returned to baseline by 24 h post-dose for doses up to 10 mg/kg but remained in circulation for >72 h post-dose for doses >10 mg/kg. CER-001 caused elevations in plasma cholesterol and total and unesterified cholesterol in the HDL fraction. Mobilisation of unesterified cholesterol in the HDL fraction was seen with CER-001 at doses as low as 2 mg/kg. CER-001 is well tolerated when administered to humans as single doses up to 45 mg/kg and mobilises and eliminates cholesterol via reverse lipid transport.
Got CER? Educating Pharmacists for Practice in the Future: New Tools for New Challenges.
Perfetto, Eleanor M; Anyanwu, Chinenye; Pickering, Matthew K; Zaghab, Roxanne Ward; Graff, Jennifer S; Eichelberger, Bernadette
2016-06-01
Understanding how treatments work in the real world and in real patients is an important and complex task. In recent years, comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies have become more available for health care providers to inform evidence-based decision making. There is variability in the strengths and limitations of this new evidence, and researchers and decision makers are faced with challenges when assessing the quality of these new methods and CER studies. To (a) describe an online tool developed by the CER Collaborative, composed of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, and the National Pharmaceutical Council, and (b) provide an early evaluation of the training program impact on learners' self-reported abilities to evaluate and incorporate CER studies into their decision making. To encourage greater transparency, consistency, and uniformity in the development and assessment of CER studies, the CER Collaborative developed an online tool to assist researchers, new and experienced clinicians, and decision makers in producing and evaluating CER studies. A training program that supports the use of the online tool was developed to improve the ability and confidence of individuals to apply CER study findings in their daily work. Seventy-one health care professionals enrolled in 3 separate cohorts for the training program. Upon completion, learners assessed their abilities to interpret and apply findings from CER studies by completing on online evaluation questionnaire. The first 3 cohorts of learners to complete the training program consisted of 71 current and future health care practitioners and researchers. At completion, learners indicated high confidence in their CER evidence assessment abilities (mean = 4.2). Learners reported a 27.43%-59.86% improvement in capabilities to evaluate various CER studies and identify study design flaws (mean evaluation before CER Certificate Program [CCP
PCOR, CER, and CBPR: alphabet soup or complementary fields of health research?
Burke, Jessica G; Jones, Jennifer; Yonas, Michael; Guizzetti, Lisa; Virata, Maria C; Costlow, Monica; Morton, Sally C; Elizabeth, Miller
2013-12-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) and community- based participatory research (CBPR) are two fields of research that do not have a history of strong collaboration. However, CER and CBPR researchers could benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration to design and implement relevant, timely, action-oriented research. This commentary explores field-specific definitions of stakeholders and then outlines various roles stakeholders might play within grant-funded research. Questions such as "What stakeholders should be involved?" and "How are stakeholders involved?" are addressed. The goal of this commentary is to highlight how the expertise and experiences of CBPR investigators can enhance the field of CER and to describe strategies for encouraging stakeholder involvement in CER research through the lens of CBPR. It is recommended that a team-based approach to conducting stakeholder-engaged CER encourages multiple stakeholders and "end users" to contribute their diverse expertise to the research process and contributes to the development of research with an increased likelihood of improving patient health and healthcare. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
D' Agata, E., E-mail: elio.dagata@ec.europa.eu [European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, P.O. Box 2, 1755 ZG Petten (Netherlands); Knol, S.; Fedorov, A.V. [Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten (Netherlands); Fernandez, A.; Somers, J. [European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe (Germany); Klaassen, F. [Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten (Netherlands)
2015-10-15
Americium is a strong contributor to the long term radiotoxicity of high activity nuclear waste. Transmutation by irradiation in nuclear reactors or Accelerator Driven System (ADS, subcritical reactors dedicated to transmutation) of long-lived nuclides like {sup 241}Am is therefore an option for the reduction of radiotoxicity of waste packages to be stored in a repository. In order to safely burn americium in a fast reactor or ADS, it must be incorporated in a matrix that could be metallic (CerMet target) or ceramic (CerCer target). One of the most promising matrix to incorporate Am is molybdenum. In order to address the issues (swelling, stability under irradiation, gas retention and release) of using Mo as matrix to transmute Am, two irradiation experiments have been conducted recently at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) in Petten (The Netherland) namely HELIOS and BODEX. The BODEX experiment is a separate effect test, where the molybdenum behaviour is studied without the presence of fission products using {sup 10}B to “produce” helium, the HELIOS experiment included a more representative fuel target with the presence of Am and fission product. This paper covers the results of Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) of the two irradiation experiments mentioned above where molybdenum behaviour has been deeply investigated as possible matrix to transmute americium (CerMet fuel target). The behaviour of molybdenum looks satisfying at operating temperature but at high temperature (above 1000 °C) more investigation should be performed.
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
Practical guide to understanding Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER).
Neely, J Gail; Sharon, Jeffrey D; Graboyes, Evan M; Paniello, Randal C; Nussenbaum, Brian; Grindler, David J; Dassopoulos, Themistocles
2013-12-01
"Comparative effectiveness research" (CER) is not a new concept; however, recently it has been popularized as a method to develop scientifically sound actionable data by which patients, physicians, payers, and policymakers may make informed health care decisions. Fundamental to CER is that the comparative data are derived from large diverse populations of patients assembled from point-of-care general primary care practices and that measured outcomes include patient value judgments. The challenge is to obtain scientifically valid data to be acted upon by decision-making stakeholders with potentially quite diversely different agenda. The process requires very thoughtful research designs modulated by complex statistical and analytic methods. This article is composed of a guiding narrative with an extensive set of tables outlining many of the details required in performing and understanding CER. It ends with short discussions of three example papers, limitations of the method, and how a practicing physician may view such reports.
Kessner, Doreen; Brezesinski, Gerald; Funari, Sergio S; Dobner, Bodo; Neubert, Reinhard H H
2010-01-01
The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the mammalian skin, is the main skin barrier. Ceramides (CERs) as the major constituent of the SC lipid matrix are of particular interest. At the moment, 11 classes of CERs are identified, but the effect of each single ceramide species is still not known. Therefore in this article, the thermotropic behaviour of the long chain omega-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] was studied using X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the omega-acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOP] do not show a pronounced polymorphism which is observed for shorter chain ceramides as a significant feature. The phase behaviour of both ceramides is strongly influenced by the extremely long acyl-chain residue. The latter has a much stronger influence compared with the structure of the polar head group, which is discussed as extremely important for the appearance of a rich polymorphism. Despite the strong influence of the long chain, the additional OH-group of the phyto-sphingosine type CER[EOP] influences the lamellar repeat distance and the chain packing. The less polar sphingosine type CER[EOS] is stronger influenced by the long acyl-chain residue. Hydration is necessary for the formation of an extended hydrogen-bonding network between the polar head groups leading to the appearance of a long-periodicity phase (LPP). In contrast, the more polar CER[EOP] forms the LPP with densely packed alkyl chains already in the dry state.
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
Uso de rejeitos de granitos como matérias-primas cerâmicas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Menezes R. R.
2002-01-01
Full Text Available A indústria do beneficiamento de granito gera uma enorme quantidade de rejeitos, que poluem e degradam o meio ambiente. Assim este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar as possibilidades de utilização dos rejeitos da serragem de granitos gerados pelas indústrias de beneficiamento da Região Nordeste, como matéria-prima cerâmica alternativa na produção de blocos e revestimentos cerâmicos. Foram coletadas amostras de resíduos da serragem de granito em empresas da Paraíba, Ceará e Pernambuco, em seguida foi realizada sua caracterização através da determinação da distribuição granulométrica, massa específica real e área específica (BET e de análise química, ATD, ATG, DRX, MEV. Após caracterização foram conduzidos ensaios tecnológicos com composições cerâmicas a fim de avaliar a possibilidade de adição dos resíduos em massas cerâmicas para confecção de blocos e revestimentos cerâmicos. Com base nos resultados verificou-se que os resíduos apresentam características físicas e mineralógicas semelhantes as das matérias-primas cerâmicas convencionais e que corpos cerâmicos formulados com resíduos apresentam características dentro das especificações da normalização brasileira tanto para blocos como para revestimentos cerâmicos.
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-11-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2003-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2002-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CERES:CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2000-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost
Potentials for development of spa tourism in region of Cer Mountain: Western Serbia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Grčić Mirko
2006-01-01
Full Text Available Because of their particularities, thermal and mineral springs at the foothill of Cer Mountain deserve special analysis. This is the reason we wrote this article, aiming to take reader's attention to the touristic potentials of the spa zone of Cer Mountain and possibilities for its perspective development. From the medical and excursion-recreational tourism point of view, there is a possibility for combining the spa tourism with the complementary values of Cer Mountain.
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-03-29] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].
A simple awareness campaign to promote food waste reduction in a University canteen.
Pinto, Renata Soares; Pinto, Renata Machado Dos Santos; Melo, Felipe Fochat Silva; Campos, Suzana Santos; Cordovil, Cláudia Marques-Dos-Santos
2018-03-01
Food waste has important environmental, social and economic impacts and increasing attention has been given lately to the unparalleled scale of food waste in the food supply chain worldwide. An initiative aiming to reduce food waste was tested at the School of Agriculture canteen (University of Lisbon, Portugal). The "Clean dish, clean conscience!" initiative consisted of a simple and inexpensive education campaign to raise awareness of reducing plate waste, by establishing the connection between food waste and personal behaviour. As a first stage plate waste from canteen users was measured over a 10 day period. After this period, a waste consumption index and per capita waste consumption were calculated to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the consumer and the related concern about food wastage, and was classified as Bad. After this first stage it was concluded that the users did not have strong convictions about avoiding food waste. During the second stage of the project an education campaign was implemented with plate waste being monitored for a further 16 days to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. The approach consisted of displaying simple and affordable informative posters in strategic areas of the canteen with simple messages reminding not to accept food they knew they would not eat. This led to a mean reduction in the waste consumption index of ∼15%. A parallel action encouraging separation of organic and inorganic waste was implemented as well, with an active participation of >70% of the users. The initiative achieved its objective of reducing plate waste by raising awareness of the daily food waste problem at the institution's canteen and by suggesting "how-to" actions for reducing such waste. This study showed how avoidable waste can be reduced simply by making students aware of the topic of food waste. Simple strategies may be useful to improve behaviours and increase sustainability of the canteens at Universities although this proved
El origen de la cerámica en el Este de Asia
Sola Fernández de Zuazo, Garazi
2017-01-01
Este trabajo trata sobre el origen de la cerámica. Las teorías tradicionales situaban esta innovación en el Próximo Oriente durante la “Revolución Neolítica” descrita por Gordon Childe. En cambio, los nuevos descubrimientos realizados en yacimientos del Este de Asia nos muestran que la cerámica apareció varios milenios antes en esta zona. La cerámica más antigua fue hallada en yacimientos en cuevas del sur de China y presenta una cronología varios milenios anterior a la aparición de asentamie...
Síntesis y Caracterización de Microesferas Cerámicas
Quercia Bianchi, G.
2007-01-01
El presente estudio se basó en la utilización de materiales de desecho tipo escoria, para la producción de microesferas cerámicas de bajo costo, con el objetivo principal de profundizar en las metodologías de producción de estas a escala nacional. Generalmente las microesferas cerámicas son
About the Collision Repair Campaign
EPA developed the Collision Repair Campaign to focus on meaningful risk reduction in the Collision Repair source sector to complement ongoing community air toxics work and attain reductions at a faster rate.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Enrique CERRILLO MARTÍN DE CÁCERES
2009-10-01
Full Text Available Dentro del conjunto de yacimientos del Valle del Duero han sido exhaustivamente analizados diversos materiales en bloque (cuchillos, bronces, vidrios, adornos de uso personal, etc. que ponen de manifiesto una indudable unidad cultural de esta zona en un momento determinado, concretamente en los siglos iv y v d. de C. Sin embargo, y a pesar de que el Prof. Palol promete un estudio sobre las cerámicas tardorromanas de estos yacimientos, añadimos a las ya conocidas un lote bastante homogéneo de cerámicas de factura local, pero que a pesar de ello observan unos caracteres muy concretos e interesantes para el estudio de la cerámica del Duero en estos momentos que siempre han quedado vacíos al clasificar cronológicamente los hallazgos, bien de época romana, o bien de época visigoda.
CER, PBE, SCIRehab, NIDRR, and other important abbreviations.
Dijkers, Marcel P; Whiteneck, Gale G; Gassaway, Julie
2013-04-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has been receiving much attention (and government funding) in recent years, stemming from dissatisfaction with much medical and health care research, which does not produce actionable evidence that can be used by clinicians, patients, and policymakers. Rehabilitation research has been characterized by similar weaknesses and by often inadequate research designs. The SCIRehab study of the outcomes of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation is one of a small number of rehabilitation practice-based evidence (PBE) studies in recent years that allows for the comparison of interventions by all disciplines for relevant real-life outcomes. This introduction to a series of articles resulting from the SCIRehab project discusses the need for and the nature of CER, and places the SCIRehab study and other PBE studies in the light of CER. After a description of the highlights of the analyses in this supplement, we provide a preliminary evaluation of SCIRehab, counting the articles and presentations from the study, the resources that went into this vast project, and the lessons learned that may benefit future rehabilitation PBE investigators. Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Options for utilizing the CDM for global emission reductions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Butzengeiger-Geyer, Sonja; Castro, Paula; Harthan, Ralph O.; Hayashi, Daisuke; Healy, Sean; Maribu, Karl Magnus; Michaelowa, Axel; Okubo, Yuri; Schneider, Lambert; Storroe, Ingunn [Zuerich Univ. (Switzerland); Oeko-Institut e.V., Berlin (Germany); Perspectives GmbH, Hamburg (Germany); Point Carbon A/S, Oslo (Norway)
2010-11-15
The study describes and discusses in detail how four CDM reform alternatives, namely discounting of emission reductions, ambitious baselines, purchase and cancellation of CERs and reinvestment of CER levies, could be integrated in a Post-2012 climate regime. The study assesses these alternatives, according to their impacts on GHG emission reductions, contribution to sustainable development, cost-efficiency, technical feasibility, incentives and distributional effects as well as negotiability. The study shows that the introduction of discounting and ambitious baselines is technically feasible but politically a massive challenge. With the help of an economic model the study shows that the introduction of reform alternatives increases the amount of emission reductions but in comparison to the current CDM the impact is rather limited. But a CDM reform can in any case increase the credibility and improve the environmental integrity of the mechanism. (orig.)
Jeong, Michelle; Gilmore, Joelle Sano; Bleakley, Amy; Jordan, Amy
2014-01-01
This study examined local news media's framing of obesity preceding and surrounding the Philadelphia sugar-sweetened beverage reduction media campaign. Using key search terms pertaining to obesity and sugary beverages, the authors searched the LexisNexis database and gathered local news stories (n = 167) that were aired or published between October, 2010 and March, 2011. They conducted a content analysis, coding for framing-related outcome measures (underlying factors, action steps, and contextual agents). Overall, the news media employed individual-level framing in the majority of stories when discussing obesity, both before and after the campaign launch. After the campaign launched, however, stories were significantly more likely to mention systemic-level contextual agents such as food companies (P = .008), beverage companies (P = .03), and champions or advocates (P = .001). The researchers observed a shift in the local news media discourse toward more thematic framing of obesity, and suggest that public health officials consider the potential impact of news media frames on garnering public support for future policy implementations. Copyright © 2014 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lowry, Sarah J; Loggers, Elizabeth T; Bowles, Erin J A; Wagner, Edward H
2012-05-01
Although much effort has focused on identifying national comparative effectiveness research (CER) priorities, little is known about the CER priorities of community-based practitioners treating patients with advanced cancer. CER priorities of managed care-based clinicians may be valuable as reflections of both payer and provider research interests. We conducted mixed methods interviews with 10 clinicians (5 oncologists and 5 pharmacists) at 5 health plans within the Health Maintenance Organization Cancer Research Network. We asked, "What evidence do you most wish you had when treating patients with advanced cancer" and questioned participants on their impressions and knowledge of CER and pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs). We conducted qualitative analyses to identify themes across interviews. Ninety percent of participants had heard of CER, 20% had heard of PCTs, and all rated CER/PCTs as highly relevant to patient and health plan decision making. Each participant offered between 3 and 10 research priorities. Half (49%) involved head-to-head treatment comparisons; another 20% involved comparing different schedules or dosing regimens of the same treatment. The majority included alternative outcomes to survival (eg, toxicity, quality of life, noninferiority). Participants cited several limitations to existing evidence, including lack of generalizability, funding biases, and rapid development of new treatments. Head-to-head treatment comparisons remain a major evidence need among community- based oncology clinicians, and CER/PCTs are highly valued methods to address the limitations of traditional randomized trials, answer questions of cost-effectiveness or noninferiority, and inform data-driven dialogue and decision making by all stakeholders.
Blindagens cerâmicas para aplicações balísticas: uma revisão
Silva,M. V. da; Stainer,D.; Al-Qureshi,H. A.; Hotza,D.
2014-01-01
A combinação de propriedades físicas e mecânicas qualificam as cerâmicas para aplicações em sistemas de proteção balística. Materiais cerâmicos normalmente formam a primeira camada de um sistema de blindagem mista, recebendo o impacto inicial do projétil, e dissipando grande parte da energia cinética ao fragmentar o projétil. Os principais materiais cerâmicos para blindagem balística são a alumina, o carbeto de silício e o carbeto de boro. Novas técnicas de processamento de materiais cerâmico...
A comprehensive framework for data quality assessment in CER.
Holve, Erin; Kahn, Michael; Nahm, Meredith; Ryan, Patrick; Weiskopf, Nicole
2013-01-01
The panel addresses the urgent need to ensure that comparative effectiveness research (CER) findings derived from diverse and distributed data sources are based on credible, high-quality data; and that the methods used to assess and report data quality are consistent, comprehensive, and available to data consumers. The panel consists of representatives from four teams leveraging electronic clinical data for CER, patient centered outcomes research (PCOR), and quality improvement (QI) and seeks to change the current paradigm where data quality assessment (DQA) is performed "behind the scenes" using one-off project specific methods. The panelists will present their process of harmonizing existing models for describing and measuring clinical data quality and will describe a comprehensive integrated framework for assessing and reporting DQA findings. The collaborative project is supported by the Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum, a three-year grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to facilitate learning and foster collaboration across a set of CER, PCOR, and QI projects designed to build infrastructure and methods for collecting and analyzing prospective data from electronic clinical data .
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cao, Guangxi; Xu, Wei
2016-01-01
Basing on daily price data of carbon emission rights in futures markets of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) and European Union Allowances (EUA), we analyze the multiscale characteristics of the markets by using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) based on EMD. The complexity of the daily returns of CER and EUA futures markets changes with multiple time scales and multilayered features. The two markets also exhibit clear multifractal characteristics and long-range correlation. We employ shuffle and surrogate approaches to analyze the origins of multifractality. The long-range correlations and fat-tail distributions significantly contribute to multifractality. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of high returns on multifractality by using threshold method. The multifractality of the two futures markets is related to the presence of high values of returns in the price series.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filtros cerâmicos para aplicações a altas temperaturas
Torquato, Wagner Lopes
2012-01-01
Filtros cerâmicos processados pelo método da réplica tem sido objeto de crescentes pesquisas pela versatilidade da técnica. O método consiste na impregnação de uma esponja polimérica em uma suspensão cerâmica, seguido de tratamento térmico, onde ocorre a decomposição do material orgânico e a sinterização do material cerâmico, resultando em um corpo cerâmico, cuja estrutura macroscópica é uma réplica da esponja impregnada. Filtros cerâmicos possuem propriedades especificas qu...
Pesquisa e desenvolvimento em cerâmicas eletro-eletrônicas no IPEN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Muccillo R.
1999-01-01
Full Text Available O Grupo de Cerâmicas Eletro-eletrônicas do IPEN desenvolve trabalhos de pesquisa em materiais cerâmicos avançados para utilização em dispositivos sensores de espécies químicas e em células de combustíveis a eletrólitos sólidos. As principais áreas de atuação do grupo são em 1 síntese, processamento e caracterização elétrica de materiais cerâmicos, 2 estudo de correlação microestrutura-propriedades elétricas de materiais cerâmicos, 3 projeto, desenvolvimento, montagem e testes de sensores eletroquímicos de espécies químicas. Os principais materiais estudados são condutores iônicos (à base de ZrO2, ThO2 e outros, protônicos (à base de BaCeO3, varistores à base de SnO2, supercondutores cerâmicos de alta temperatura crítica (das famílias Y-Ba-Cu-O e Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O e compósitos de matriz cerâmica (dos tipos isolante em matriz condutora iônica e condutor iônico em matriz supercondutora. A infra-estrutura experimental dispõe de analisador de impedância, difratômetro de raios X, equipamento de análise térmica simultânea, fornos para sinterização e laboratório químico. O trabalho de pesquisa do Grupo é financiado por projetos FAPESP e PRONEX.
Wilcox, Meredith L; Mason, Helen; Fouad, Fouad M; Rastam, Samer; al Ali, Radwan; Page, Timothy F; Capewell, Simon; O'Flaherty, Martin; Maziak, Wasim
2015-01-01
This study presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of salt reduction policies to lower coronary heart disease in Syria. Costs and benefits of a health promotion campaign about salt reduction (HP); labeling of salt content on packaged foods (L); reformulation of salt content within packaged foods (R); and combinations of the three were estimated over a 10-year time frame. Policies were deemed cost-effective if their cost-effectiveness ratios were below the region's established threshold of $38,997 purchasing power parity (PPP). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for the uncertainty in the reduction of salt intake. HP, L, and R+HP+L were cost-saving using the best estimates. The remaining policies were cost-effective (CERs: R=$5,453 PPP/LYG; R+HP=$2,201 PPP/LYG; R+L=$2,125 PPP/LYG). R+HP+L provided the largest benefit with net savings using the best and maximum estimates, while R+L was cost-effective with the lowest marginal cost using the minimum estimates. This study demonstrated that all policies were cost-saving or cost effective, with the combination of reformulation plus labeling and a comprehensive policy involving all three approaches being the most promising salt reduction strategies to reduce CHD mortality in Syria.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schneider, Lizette Marais; Adamski, Nikolai M.; Christensen, Caspar Elo
2016-01-01
identification of mutants in their synthesis or transport. The present study discloses three such Eceriferum (cer) genes in barley - Cer-c, Cer-q and Cer-u - known to be tightly linked and functioning in a biochemical pathway forming dominating amounts of β-diketone and hydroxy-β-diketones plus some esterified...... alkan-2-ols. These aliphatics are present in many Triticeae as well as dicotyledons such as Eucalyptus and Dianthus. Recently developed genomic resources and mapping populations in barley defined these genes to a small region on chromosome arm 2HS. Exploiting Cer-c and -u potential functions pinpointed...... five candidates, of which three were missing in apparent cer-cqu triple mutants. Sequencing more than 50 independent mutants for each gene confirmed their identification. Cer-c is a chalcone synthase-like polyketide synthase, designated diketone synthase (DKS), Cer-q is a lipase/carboxyl transferase...
Cerámicas de circona para aplicaciones biomédicas
Delgado García-Menocal, José Angel; Morejón, L.; Martínez, S.; Gil, F. X. (Francesc Xavier)
2003-01-01
Se tratan los aspectos mas significativos de distintos biomateriales empleados para la sustitución del tejido óseo pero haciendo énfasis en las cerámicas de óxido de zirconio (circonas). Se destacan las características de las cerámicas de circona que lo convierten en un material muy atractivo por sus excelentes propiedades mecánicas, en particular su elevada tenacidad a la fractura relacionada con la transformación martensítica que se produce cuando el material es sometido a un...
Evaluation of the tissue reaction to fast endodontic cement (CER) and Angelus MTA.
Gomes-Filho, João Eduardo; Rodrigues, Guilherme; Watanabe, Simone; Estrada Bernabé, Pedro Felício; Lodi, Carolina Simonett; Gomes, Alessandra Cristina; Faria, Max Doulgas; Domingos Dos Santos, Alailson; Silos Moraes, João Carlos
2009-10-01
A new cement (CER; Cimento Endodôntico Rápido or fast endodontic cement) has been developed to improve handling properties. It is a formulation that has Portland cement in gel. However, there had not yet been any study evaluating its biologic properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rat subcutaneous tissue response to CER and Angelus MTA. The materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats for 7, 30, and 60 days. The specimens were prepared to be stained with hematoxylin-eosin or von Kossa or not stained for polarized light. The presence of inflammation, predominant cell type, calcification, and thickness of fibrous connective tissue were recorded. Scores were defined as follows: 0, none or few inflammatory cells, no reaction; 1, 125 cells, severe reaction. Fibrous capsule was categorized as thin when thickness was 150 mum. Necrosis and formation of calcification were both recorded. Both materials Angelus MTA and CER caused moderate reactions at 7 days, which decreased with time. The response was similar to the control at 30 and 60 days with Angelus MTA and CER, characterized by organized connective tissue and presence of some chronic inflammatory cells. Mineralization and granulations birefringent to polarized light were observed with both materials. It was possible to conclude that CER was biocompatible and stimulated mineralization.
Chen, Vivien W; Eheman, Christie R; Johnson, Christopher J; Hernandez, Monique N; Rousseau, David; Styles, Timothy S; West, Dee W; Hsieh, Meichin; Hakenewerth, Anne M; Celaya, Maria O; Rycroft, Randi K; Wike, Jennifer M; Pearson, Melissa; Brockhouse, Judy; Mulvihill, Linda G; Zhang, Kevin B
2014-01-01
Following the Institute of Medicine's 2009 report on the national priorities for comparative effectiveness research (CER), funding for support of CER became available in 2009 through the American Recovery and Re-investment Act. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received funding to enhance the infrastructure of population-based cancer registries and to expand registry data collection to support CER. The CDC established 10 specialized registries within the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) to enhance data collection for all cancers and to address targeted CER questions, including the clinical use and prognostic value of specific biomarkers. The project also included a special focus on detailed first course of treatment for cancers of the breast, colon, and rectum, as well as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) diagnosed in 2011. This paper describes the methodology and the work conducted by the CDC and the NPCR specialized registries in collecting data for the 4 special focused cancers, including the selection of additional data variables, development of data collection tools and software modifications, institutional review board approvals, training, collection of detailed first course of treatment, and quality assurance. It also presents the characteristics of the study population and discusses the strengths and limitations of using population-based cancer registries to support CER as well as the potential future role of population-based cancer registries in assessing the quality of patient care and cancer control.
EBM, HTA, and CER: clearing the confusion.
Luce, Bryan R; Drummond, Michael; Jönsson, Bengt; Neumann, Peter J; Schwartz, J Sanford; Siebert, Uwe; Sullivan, Sean D
2010-06-01
The terms evidence-based medicine (EBM), health technology assessment (HTA), comparative effectiveness research (CER), and other related terms lack clarity and so could lead to miscommunication, confusion, and poor decision making. The objective of this article is to clarify their definitions and the relationships among key terms and concepts. This article used the relevant methods and policy literature as well as the websites of organizations engaged in evidence-based activities to develop a framework to explain the relationships among the terms EBM, HTA, and CER. This article proposes an organizing framework and presents a graphic demonstrating the differences and relationships among these terms and concepts. More specific terminology and concepts are necessary for an informed and clear public policy debate. They are even more important to inform decision making at all levels and to engender more accountability by the organizations and individuals responsible for these decisions.
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Ecoprep: la preparación rentable de masas cerámicas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gerl, S.
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Ecoprep (Economic Preparation is the sustainable technology for preparing ceramic bodies with a minimum consumption of resources. It has a huge impact on the energy balance and eliminates the need for additives to generate a high-quality slip to make granules.
In consequence Ecoprep delivers a significant reduction in production costs, bringing an investment in this technology to the break-even point after a very short time.
Reduction in water consumption and additives and the use of new raw materials are other advantages that impulse the implementation of this production technology, as well as important reduction of CO2 emissions, contributing to meeting the goals of the Kyoto Protocol.
In short: A technology already successfully applied in different industries for decades, that includes a compendium of measures based on saving reductions in a range from 66% (energy, water,… and 100% (additives, deflocculants, etc. and will mark the future in microgranulation processes also in the ceramic industry.
Ecoprep (Economic Preparation es una tecnología para la preparación de masas cerámicas con un consumo mínimo de recursos. El balance de energía es afectado en gran medida, de forma que ya no se requieren aditivos para producir una barbotina de alta calidad con el único fin de obtener un granulado. De ésta forma, Ecoprep ofrece una reducción considerable de los costes de producción que permite la rápida amortización de la inversión en ésta tecnología.
Reducción en consumo de agua y aditivos así como la utilización de nuevas materias primas son otras ventajas que impulsan la implantación de ésta novedosa tecnología de producción, así como una importante reducción en emisiones de CO2, contribuyendo así al cumplimiento de las metas del protocolo de Kyoto.
En resumen: Una tecnología aplicada ya con éxito en diferentes industrias desde hace décadas, que incluye un compendio de medidas de ahorro basado en
Hazlehurst, Brian L; Kurtz, Stephen E; Masica, Andrew; Stevens, Victor J; McBurnie, Mary Ann; Puro, Jon E; Vijayadeva, Vinutha; Au, David H; Brannon, Elissa D; Sittig, Dean F
2015-10-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) requires the capture and analysis of data from disparate sources, often from a variety of institutions with diverse electronic health record (EHR) implementations. In this paper we describe the CER Hub, a web-based informatics platform for developing and conducting research studies that combine comprehensive electronic clinical data from multiple health care organizations. The CER Hub platform implements a data processing pipeline that employs informatics standards for data representation and web-based tools for developing study-specific data processing applications, providing standardized access to the patient-centric electronic health record (EHR) across organizations. The CER Hub is being used to conduct two CER studies utilizing data from six geographically distributed and demographically diverse health systems. These foundational studies address the effectiveness of medications for controlling asthma and the effectiveness of smoking cessation services delivered in primary care. The CER Hub includes four key capabilities: the ability to process and analyze both free-text and coded clinical data in the EHR; a data processing environment supported by distributed data and study governance processes; a clinical data-interchange format for facilitating standardized extraction of clinical data from EHRs; and a library of shareable clinical data processing applications. CER requires coordinated and scalable methods for extracting, aggregating, and analyzing complex, multi-institutional clinical data. By offering a range of informatics tools integrated into a framework for conducting studies using EHR data, the CER Hub provides a solution to the challenges of multi-institutional research using electronic medical record data. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Schneider, Lizette M; Adamski, Nikolai M; Christensen, Caspar Elo; Stuart, David B; Vautrin, Sonia; Hansson, Mats; Uauy, Cristobal; von Wettstein-Knowles, Penny
2016-03-09
Aliphatic compounds on plant surfaces, called epicuticular waxes, are the first line of defense against pathogens and pests, contribute to reducing water loss and determine other important phenotypes. Aliphatics can form crystals affecting light refraction, resulting in a color change and allowing identification of mutants in their synthesis or transport. The present study discloses three such Eceriferum (cer) genes in barley - Cer-c, Cer-q and Cer-u - known to be tightly linked and functioning in a biochemical pathway forming dominating amounts of β-diketone and hydroxy-β-diketones plus some esterified alkan-2-ols. These aliphatics are present in many Triticeae as well as dicotyledons such as Eucalyptus and Dianthus. Recently developed genomic resources and mapping populations in barley defined these genes to a small region on chromosome arm 2HS. Exploiting Cer-c and -u potential functions pinpointed five candidates, of which three were missing in apparent cer-cqu triple mutants. Sequencing more than 50 independent mutants for each gene confirmed their identification. Cer-c is a chalcone synthase-like polyketide synthase, designated diketone synthase (DKS), Cer-q is a lipase/carboxyl transferase and Cer-u is a P450 enzyme. All were highly expressed in pertinent leaf sheath tissue of wild type. A physical map revealed the order Cer-c, Cer-u, Cer-q with the flanking genes 101kb apart, confirming they are a gene cluster, Cer-cqu. Homology-based modeling suggests that many of the mutant alleles affect overall protein structure or specific active site residues. The rich diversity of identified mutations will facilitate future studies of three key enzymes involved in synthesis of plant apoplast waxes. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Cerámica Kichwa : cuerpo, materialidad y representación.
Premauer Marroquin, Anna
2016-01-01
Esta tesis investiga, la práctica de elaboración cerámica desde el cuerpo cerámico, su condición material y significación social. Plantea la necesidad de estudiar las interacciones materiales, simbólicas y cotidianas como vínculos que moldean o tejen los cuerpos, el género, los actos políticos y la vida misma de las mujeres ceramistas kichwas de Pastaza. Dentro de estos aspectos se tiene en cuenta las prácticas sociales de las mujeres ceramistas exponiendo la importancia que para ellas tiene ...
Using the CER Hub to ensure data quality in a multi-institution smoking cessation study.
Walker, Kari L; Kirillova, Olga; Gillespie, Suzanne E; Hsiao, David; Pishchalenko, Valentyna; Pai, Akshatha Kalsanka; Puro, Jon E; Plumley, Robert; Kudyakov, Rustam; Hu, Weiming; Allisany, Art; McBurnie, MaryAnn; Kurtz, Stephen E; Hazlehurst, Brian L
2014-01-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies involving multiple institutions with diverse electronic health records (EHRs) depend on high quality data. To ensure uniformity of data derived from different EHR systems and implementations, the CER Hub informatics platform developed a quality assurance (QA) process using tools and data formats available through the CER Hub. The QA process, implemented here in a study of smoking cessation services in primary care, used the 'emrAdapter' tool programmed with a set of quality checks to query large samples of primary care encounter records extracted in accord with the CER Hub common data framework. The tool, deployed to each study site, generated error reports indicating data problems to be fixed locally and aggregate data sharable with the central site for quality review. Across the CER Hub network of six health systems, data completeness and correctness issues were prevalent in the first iteration and were considerably improved after three iterations of the QA process. A common issue encountered was incomplete mapping of local EHR data values to those defined by the common data framework. A highly automated and distributed QA process helped to ensure the correctness and completeness of patient care data extracted from EHRs for a multi-institution CER study in smoking cessation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Pilares cerâmicos na implantodontia: revisão de literatura
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. F. Sallenave
Full Text Available Resumo Os pilares protéticos, usados como intermediários entre a prótese e o implante, são feitos de titânio e outros metais, que possuem estrutura confiável. A cor acinzentada desses metais, acrescidos a recessão gengival e a camadas finas de tecidos adjacentes, acaba exposta, o que compromete a estética. Com isso, foram introduzidos os pilares cerâmicos (zircônia, alumina ou zircônia/alumina que fornecem boas propriedades ópticas, assim como biocompatibilidade e estética duradoura. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, as taxas de sobrevivência dos pilares metálicos e cerâmicos, bem como seus principais tipos de falha. Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed de 1999 a 2015 utilizando as palavras-chave: cerâmicas (ceramics, pilar (abutment, implantes dentários (dental implants e prótese parcial fixa (partial fixed denture. Foram selecionados 16 artigos de pesquisa clínica e estudos de coorte. Segundo os estudos, não houve diferença significativa nos índices biológicos e radiográficos entre os pilares cerâmicos e metálicos, quando comparados uns com os outros e com os dentes naturais, em estudos de até 11 anos. Também não foi observada perda significativa de osso marginal entre a avaliação inicial e a última avaliação para ambos tipos de pilares (titânio e cerâmicos. Pilares de alumina têm taxa de sobrevivência de 94,7% a 100% em estudo de acompanhamento clínico de até 7 anos. Pilares de zircônia têm taxa de sobrevivência semelhante aos pilares de titânio (100% em estudos de acompanhamento clínico de até 11 anos. Apenas em um estudo de 7 anos, a taxa de sobrevivência caiu para 97,6%, para os pilares de zircônia. Os modos de falha encontrados para os pilares foram fratura e afrouxamento do parafuso. A semelhança no comportamento mecânico e biológico entre os materiais torna os pilares cerâmicos uma boa alternativa na
Kataoka, Yu; Andrews, Jordan; Duong, MyNgan; Nguyen, Tracy; Schwarz, Nisha; Fendler, Jessica; Puri, Rishi; Butters, Julie; Keyserling, Constance; Paolini, John F; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Nicholls, Stephen J
2017-06-01
CER-001 is an engineered pre-beta high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic, which rapidly mobilizes cholesterol. Infusion of CER-001 3 mg/kg exhibited a potentially favorable effect on plaque burden in the CHI-SQUARE (Can HDL Infusions Significantly Quicken Atherosclerosis Regression) study. Since baseline atheroma burden has been shown as a determinant for the efficacy of HDL infusions, the degree of baseline atheroma burden might influence the effect of CER-001. CHI-SQUARE compared the effect of 6 weekly infusions of CER-001 (3, 6 and 12 mg/kg) vs. placebo on coronary atherosclerosis in 369 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Baseline percent atheroma volume (B-PAV) cutoff associated with atheroma regression following CER-001 infusions was determined by receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis. 369 subjects were stratified according to the cutoff. The effect of CER-001 at different doses was compared to placebo in each group. A B-PAV ≥30% was the optimal cutoff associated with PAV regression following CER-001 infusions. CER-001 induced PAV regression in patients with B-PAV ≥30% but not in those with B-PAV CER-001 3mg/kg in patients with B-PAV ≥30% (-0.96%±0.34% vs. -0.25%±0.31%, P=0.01), whereas there were no differences between placebo (+0.09%±0.36%) versus CER-001 in patients with B-PAV CER-001 3 mg/kg induced the greatest atheroma regression in ACS patients with higher B-PAV. These findings identify ACS patients with more extensive disease as most likely to benefit from HDL mimetic therapy.
2013-05-30
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL13-64-000] Exelon Generation Company, LLC; CER Generation II, LLC; Constellation Mystic Power, LLC; Constellation NewEnergy...) Rules of Practice and Procedure, 18 CFR 385.207, Exelon Generation Company, LLC, CER Generation II, LLC...
Meta-analysis of the effect of road safety campaigns on accidents.
Phillips, Ross Owen; Ulleberg, Pål; Vaa, Truls
2011-05-01
A meta-analysis of 67 studies evaluating the effect of road safety campaigns on accidents is reported. A total of 119 results were extracted from the studies, which were reported in 12 different countries between 1975 and 2007. After allowing for publication bias and heterogeneity of effects, the weighted average effect of road safety campaigns is a 9% reduction in accidents (with 95% confidence that the weighted average is between -12 and -6%). To account for the variability of effects measured across studies, data were collected to characterise aspects of the campaign and evaluation design associated with each effect, and analysed to identify a model of seven campaign factors for testing by meta-regression. The model was tested using both fixed and random effect meta-regression, and dependency among effects was accounted for by aggregation. These analyses suggest positive associations between accident reduction and the use of personal communication or roadside media as part of a campaign delivery strategy. Campaigns with a drink-driving theme were also associated with greater accident reductions, while some of the analyses suggested that accompanying enforcement and short campaign duration (less than one month) are beneficial. Overall the results are consistent with the idea that campaigns can be more effective in the short term if the message is delivered with personal communication in a way that is proximal in space and time to the behaviour targeted by the campaign. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
The Crucial Role of C18-Cer in Fat-Induced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance.
Blachnio-Zabielska, Agnieszka U; Chacinska, Marta; Vendelbo, Mikkel H; Zabielski, Piotr
2016-01-01
Muscle bioactive lipids accumulation leads to several disorder states. The most common are insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. There is an ongoing debate which of the lipid species plays the major role in induction of muscle IR. Our aim was to elucidate the role of particular lipid group in induction of muscle IR. The analyses were performed on muscle from the following groups of rats: 1. Control, fed standard diet, 2 HFD, fed high fat diet, 3. HFD/Myr, fed HFD and treated with myriocin (Myr), an inhibitor of ceramide de novo synthesis. We utilized [U13C] palmitate isotope tracer infusion and mass spectrometry to measure content and synthesis rate of muscle long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA), diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramide (Cer). HFD led to intramuscular accumulation of LCACoA, DAG and Cer and skeletal muscle IR. Myr-treatment caused decrease in Cer (most noticeable for stearoyl-Cer and oleoyl-Cer) and accumulation of DAG, possibly due to re-channeling of excess of intramuscular LCACoA towards DAG synthesis. An improvement in insulin sensitivity at both systemic and muscular level coincided with decrease in ceramide, despite elevated intramuscular DAG. The improved insulin sensitivity was associated with decreased muscle stearoyl- and oleoyl-ceramide content. The results indicate that accumulation of those ceramide species has the greatest impact on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in rats. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
Advanced CerMet ceramic composites for medical applications.
Dittmer, Robert; Schaefer, Christian M; Fischer, Jean-Francois; Hausch, Ulrich; Troetzschel, Jens; Specht, Heiko
2017-11-01
Implantable active devices such as pacemakers are facing rigorous requirements. Because they reside within the body for years, materials applied in this surrounding must exhibit biocompatibility and extraordinary reliability. They also have to provide a number of functional properties. In this work we present a method that enables the realization of a highly complex profile of properties by means of a dual composite approach. Using multilayer technology, an electrical conductor is embedded into a ceramic matrix, thus, creating conductive paths that are insulated from each other. In addition to this macroscopically hybrid architecture, this approach features a second composite aspect: the conductor is not composed of a single metallic phase, but is a ceramic-metal mixture. Owing to its interpenetrating microstructure, this CerMet allows for a strong and hermetic integration of the conductor into the ceramic matrix otherwise impossible due to mismatch in thermal expansion. In fact, the CerMet ceramic composite exhibits a higher strength than the pure ceramic as revealed by a three-point bending test study. At the same time, the CerMet offers high and virtually metal-like conductor properties, enabling a down-scaling of the conductive paths to 150µm diameter and smaller. Furthermore, the described composite is biocompatible, non-magnetic, and chemically inert, which is vital for the application in active, implantable, medical devices. Beside the general fabrication route, we present the microstructural, functional, and mechanical properties of this newly developed class of dual composites. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Costs of certified emission reductions under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rahman, Shaikh M.; Kirkman, Grant A.
2015-01-01
This paper examines the cost structure of certified emission reductions (CERs) through various types of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. Using the CDM project data, the costs of CERs and their variation across technology and over time and space are estimated by applying alternative functional forms and specifications. Results show that the average cost of CERs decreases with the project scale and duration, scale and duration effects significantly vary across project types, and there is an upward trend in costs. The results also show that the distribution of the projects in the CDM portfolio or a given location does not strictly follow the relative cost structure, nor does the distribution of the CDM projects in different host countries follow the principle of comparative advantage. More than 84% of the CDM portfolio consists of various energy projects with substantially higher costs of CERs than afforestation and reforestation, industrial and landfill gas reduction, and methane avoidance projects, which are only 12% of all projects. While per unit cost of abatement plays an important role in the bottom-up and top-down models to evaluate emission reduction potential and analyze policy alternatives, the findings contradict the presumption of such models that project investors seek out low-cost opportunities. At the aggregate level, the cost of CER by the projects in Asia and Europe is similar but higher than those hosted in Africa, Americas, and Oceania. Yet more than 83% of the projects in the CDM portfolio are located in Asia; more than 69% of the projects are in China and India alone. China appears to have a comparative advantage (i.e., lowest opportunity cost) in energy efficiency projects, while India has a comparative advantage in hydro power projects and Brazil has a comparative advantage in wind power projects. In contrast, energy efficiency category accounts for only 8% of the CDM projects in China, hydro power
Legislación y gestión medioambiental en la producción de baldosas cerámicas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gabaldón, S.
2003-06-01
Full Text Available Currently the socioeconomic environment has defined a new industrial framework in which environmental aspects have to be considered when developing new products and implementing production methods. In the last years the environmental legislation has developed to pollution prevention and reduction, making the adjustment of the companies to this new legislation applicable to industry, as much in Europe as in Spain, especially with regard to the politics of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control and its repercussion in the ceramic industry. In the same way some of the main tendencies in environmental management in the ceramic sector are described, such as the European Ecolabel and the valuation of ceramic wastes in the ceramic sector. Finally, the results from the investigation on the environmental innovation applied to ceramic tiles manufacture are exposed. This innovation is based on the improvement of the efficiency with the recycling of ceramic wastes of diverse typology in ceramic compositions.
Actualmente el entorno socioeconómico ha definido un nuevo marco de trabajo a nivel industrial en el que se han de tener en cuenta los aspectos medioambientales a la hora de desarrollar nuevos productos y poner a punto métodos de producción. Paralelamente, la normativa medioambiental ha evolucionado en los últimos años hacia la prevención y reducción de la contaminación, haciendo necesario la adecuación de las empresas a este nuevo enfoque hacia el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo se describe brevemente la situación actual de la normativa medioambiental a nivel industrial tanto en Europa como en España, especialmente en lo que respecta a las políticas de prevención y control de la contaminación y su repercusión en la industria cerámica. Asimismo se describen algunas de las principales tendencias en gestión medioambiental en el sector cerámico, como son el Ecoetiquetado Europeo y la valorización de los residuos cer
Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)
The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop
Brixner, Diana I; Watkins, John B
2012-06-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has been proposed in the United States as a way to compare new drugs and technologies with established alternatives and determine not just whether a therapy works, but how well it works compared to other options. To define the current use of CER in the development of new drugs and technologies and explore what is needed for this research approach to reduce or stabilize health care costs in the United States. In 2010, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) was established by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) to coordinate federally funded CER and recommend research priorities. Hochman and McCormick's (2010) evaluation of 328 randomized trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses involving medications published between June 2008 and September 2009 in 6 key journals showed that most published research did not fulfill the criteria of CER (defined as comparison to active treatment) and that most study design is driven by FDA requirements rather than the need to develop evidence to facilitates election of the most effective therapy. Since PPACA provides alternative funding for CER, it could encourage funding more studies to help determine which treatment delivers the best value per unit of investment from clinical, humanistic, and economic perspectives. Manufacturers may avoid CER because it increases product development costs, but a drug proven more effective is more likely to be accepted by formulary committees, increasing the drug's market share, whereas payers may reject or limit use of a new drug that performs less effectively in comparative studies. CER may not directly reduce expenditures for drugs and medical technologies. The results may vary widely from case to case; however, despite often significantly higher prices for new drugs, it is important to look beyond product costs to the overall impact on health care costs, including medical cost offsets that may occur through
Factores que afectan la carga electrostática en polvos cerámicos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernández, J. F.
2011-04-01
Full Text Available The phenomenon of electrostatic charge in ceramic powders takes place when the particle surfaces enter in contact between them or with the containers. The accumulation of electrostatic charge is of relevance in ceramic powders in view of their insulating character and the risk of explosions during the material handling. In this work the main factors that affect the appearance of intrinsic charge and tribo-charge in ceramic powder have been studied. In ceramic powders of alumina it has been verified that the smallest particle sizes present an increase of the electrostatic charge of negative polarity. A correlation has been observed between the nature of the OH -surface groups and the electrostatic charge. The intrinsic charge and the tribocharge in ceramic powders can be diminished by compensating the surface groups that support the charge. The dry dispersion of nanoparticles on microparticles allows surface charge compensation with a noticeable modification of the powder agglomeration.
Los fenómenos de carga electroestática en polvos cerámicos se producen cuando las superficies de los mismos entran en contacto entre sí y con los elementos que las contienen. La acumulación de cargas electrostática es importante en polvos cerámicos dado su carácter aislante y debido al riesgo de explosiones por descarga. En este trabajo se estudian los principales factores que afectan a la aparición de carga neta y la tribocarga en las partículas de polvo cerámico. En polvos cerámicos de alúmina se ha comprobado que las partículas más finas presentan un aumento de la carga electrostática con una polaridad negativa. Se ha observado una correlación entre la naturaleza de los grupos OH- superficiales y la carga electrostática. La carga neta y la tribocarga en polvos cerámicos se pueden reducir si se compensan los sitios superficiales que soportan dicha carga. La dispersión en seco de nanopartículas sobre micropartículas permite la
Expansão por umidade de revestimentos cerâmicos incorporados com residuos de granito e caulim
Mendonça,A. M. G. D.; Cartaxo,J. M.; Menezes,R. R.; Santana,L. N. L; Neves,G. A.; Ferreira,H. C.
2012-01-01
Expansão por umidade (EPU) é o aumento das dimensões dos materiais cerâmicos em virtude da adsorção de água. A EPU geralmente ocorre lentamente e é relativamente pequena, mas, mesmo assim, pode comprometer a aderência das placas cerâmicas ao contrapiso, levar ao gretamento do vidrado e conduzir ao aparecimento de trincas em tijolos. Neste trabalho empregaram-se massas incorporadas com resíduos de caulim e de granito objetivando estudar a EPU de revestimentos cerâmicos. As matérias-primas fora...
Unsustainability of a measles immunisation campaign - rise in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The 1990 national mass measles immunisation campaign resulted in a marked reduction in measles incidence in Natal/KwaZulu in the first 6 months after the campaign. Data from the measles ward admissions book at Clairwood Hospital were collated for the period 1 January 1989 to 31 May 1992 to assess the ...
Opacificación y endurecimiento de vidriados cerámicos mediante scheelita
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vicent, J. B.
2001-04-01
Full Text Available The effect of addition of scheelite, obtained by both ceramic and coprecipation route, on the opacity and strength of ceramic glazes are discussed and compared with the scheelite obtained by in situ devitrification from a4dition of WO3. Mohs hardness, Vickers microhardness, gloss and whitness measurements of resulting glazes are associated with the obtained microstrucure of glass-ceramic composite.
En esta comunicación se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la utilización de scheelita obtenida por diferentes procedimientos (ruta cerámica y precipitación química en la opacificación y endurecimiento de vidriados cerámicos comparándose los resultados con los obtenidos por coprecipitación in situ de Scheelita por adición de WO3 al molino. Los estudios de dureza al rayado, microdureza Vickers así como de índice de blancura y brillo de los materiales obtenidos se asocian al tipo de microestructura obtenido en material compuesto vidrio-cerámica.
The mountain Cer: Potentials for tourism development
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Grčić Mirko D.
2003-01-01
Full Text Available In northwest of Serbia in the meridians directions an elongated mountain range of Cer with Iverak and Vlašić stretches itself. On the north it goes down to Mačva and Posavina, on the west to Podrinje, on the east to the valley of Kolubara, on the south to the basins and valleys of Jadar and upper Kolubara, which separate it from the mountains of Valjevo and Podrinje area. Cer mountain offers extremely good condition for development of eco-tourism. The variety of relief with gorgeous see-sites, natural rarities, convenient bio-climatic conditions, significant water resources, forest complexes, medieval fortresses, cultural-historic monuments, richness of flora and fauna, preserved rural environment, traditions and customs of local population, were all neglected as strategic factors in the development of tourism. This mountain’s potentials are quite satisfactory for the needs of eco-tourism, similar to the National Park of Fruška Gora, but it has lacked an adequate ecotourist strategy so far. This study aims to pointing to the potential and possibilities of ecotourist valorization of this mountain.
Evolución hacia la cerámica fotovoltaica
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sánchez-Muñoz, L.
2011-02-01
Full Text Available Nowadays there are two types of ceramic materials, i.e. traditional and advanced. The origin and development of the first one occurred before the revolutionary changes in Science and Technology of the nineteenth century, while the second one is its direct consequence. The traditional ceramics, which are related primarily to elementary human needs, in particular its constructions, is very homogeneous with respect to their formulations, being their diversity mainly linked to the decorative aspects of one surface. Advanced ceramics are characterized by a wide variety of materials with specific physical and chemical responses to radiation and electromagnetic fields, where major economic benefits are mainly related to secondary human needs such as telecommunications. As a result of the current global crisis, traditional buildings could be rehabilitated and/or replaced by energy efficient buildings, also called zero-energy buildings. In them there is a balance between energy consumed and produced “in situ”, and also using environmentally friendly materials. The direct consequence of this trend will be the evolution of ceramics by partial hybridization of its two ancestors, with special importance of semiconductor compounds, to the production of electrical energy as the basic objective, in this work called photovoltaic ceramics.
Actualmente se distinguen dos tipos de cerámica, una tradicional y otra avanzada. El origen y desarrollo de la primera es anterior a los cambios revolucionarios en Ciencia y Tecnológica del siglo XIX, mientras que la segunda es su consecuencia directa. La cerámica tradicional, que está relacionada sobre todo con las necesidades humanas primarias y en particular a sus construcciones, es muy homogénea respecto a sus formulaciones, estando su diversidad ligada principalmente a los aspectos decorativos de una de sus superficies. La cerámica avanzada se caracteriza por una gran diversidad de materiales con
Registros cerámicos de época Taifa en madina labla (Niebla, Huelva) : un acercamiento tipológico
Beltrán Pinzón, José Manuel
2010-01-01
El presente estudio constituye un intento de clasificación de la cerámica del periodo taifa del asentamiento de Niebla (Huelva), según los registros obtenidos en la excavación realizada en el sector de murallas de El Desembarcadero, actividad enmarcada dentro del Proyecto de Arqueología Urbana de la Ciudad de Niebla (PAUCN). El conjunto cerámico estudiado revela unas conexiones bastante estrechas con otros registros cerámicos del Suroeste Peninsular.__________________________The present study...
Tang, D H; Warholak, T L; Hines, L E; Hurwitz, J; Brown, M; Taylor, A M; Brixner, D; Malone, D C
2014-01-01
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is a constellation of research methods designed to improve health care decision making. Educational programs that improve health care decision makers' CER knowledge and awareness may ultimately lead to more cost-effective use of health care resources. This study was conducted to evaluate changes in CER knowledge, attitudes, and ability among Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee members and support staff after attending a tailored educational program. Physicians and pharmacists from two professional societies and the Indian Health Service who participated in the P&T process were invited via email to participate in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire, designed specifically for this study, prior to and following the 4-hour live, educational program on CER to determine the impact on their related knowledge, attitudes, and ability to use CER in decision-making. Rasch analysis was used to assess validity and reliability of subsections of the questionnaire and regression analysis was used to assess programmatic impact on CER knowledge, attitude, and ability. One hundred and forty of the 199 participants completed both the pre- and post-CER session questionnaires (response rate = 70.4%). Most participants (>75%) correctly answered eight of the ten knowledge items after attending the educational session. More than 60% of the respondents had a positive attitude toward CER both before and after the program. Compared to baseline (pretest), participants reported significant improvements in their perceived ability to use CER after attending the session in these areas: using CER reviews, knowledge of CER methods, identifying problems with randomized controlled trials, identifying threats to validity, understanding of evidence synthesis approaches, and evaluating the quality of CER (all P values CER educational program was effective in increasing participants' CER knowledge and self-perceived ability to evaluate
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Elifsu Sabuncu
2009-06-01
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Overuse of antibiotics is the main force driving the emergence and dissemination of bacterial resistance in the community. France consumes more antibiotics and has the highest rate of beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae than any other European country. In 2001, the government initiated "Keep Antibiotics Working"; the program's main component was a campaign entitled "Les antibiotiques c'est pas automatique" ("Antibiotics are not automatic" launched in 2002. We report the evaluation of this campaign by analyzing the evolution of outpatient antibiotic use in France 2000-2007, according to therapeutic class and geographic and age-group patterns. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This evaluation is based on 2000-2007 data, including 453,407,458 individual reimbursement data records and incidence of flu-like syndromes (FLSs. Data were obtained from the computerized French National Health Insurance database and provided by the French Sentinel Network. As compared to the preintervention period (2000-2002, the total number of antibiotic prescriptions per 100 inhabitants, adjusted for FLS frequency during the winter season, changed by -26.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] -33.5% to -19.6% over 5 years. The decline occurred in all 22 regions of France and affected all antibiotic therapeutic classes except quinolones. The greatest decrease, -35.8% (95% CI -48.3% to -23.2%, was observed among young children aged 6-15 years. A significant change of -45% in the relationship between the incidence of flu-like syndromes and antibiotic prescriptions was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The French national campaign was associated with a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, particularly in children. This study provides a useful method for assessing public-health strategies designed to reduce antibiotic use.
Determinación de la presencia de fatiga mecánica en materiales cerámicos
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Casellas, D.
1999-04-01
Full Text Available It is well known that ceramic materials are highly susceptible to environmental assisted subcritical crack growth. In addition, this subcritical crack growth could be also related to cyclic loading (mechanical fatigue. This type of behaviour is not observed either in glasses nor in traditional ceramics. However this phenomena is clearly active in many advanced ceramics. The aim of this work is to obtain a procedure for detecting the presence of cyclic fatigue in ceramic materials. This procedure attempts to obtain cyclic fatigue life estimations and to compare it with the static loading experimental results. Through this comparisons it is possible to asses whether the cyclic fatigue is acting or not. Finally some calculations are conducted in ceramic materials (alumina, mullite and ZTA with natural and indentation flaws.
Los materiales cerámicos son susceptibles al crecimiento de fisuras por la acción combinada del medio ambiente y la aplicación de carga (fatiga estática. Por otra parte, el crecimiento subcrítico de fisuras en cerámicas también puede ser producido por la aplicación de cargas fluctuantes (fatiga mecánica. Este fenómeno no se observa en vidrios ni en cerámicas monocristalinas, pero si en muchos de los llamados materiales cerámicos avanzados. En este trabajo se describe una metodología utilizada para detectar la presencia de fatiga mecánica en materiales cerámicos, basada en la obtención de estimaciones de la vida a fatiga del material bajo cargas fluctuantes y su comparación con los resultados experimentales bajo carga constante. Este método se ha aplicado a fisuras naturales y de indentación en algunos materiales cerámicos (mullita, alúmina y ZTA.
Characterization of Cer-1 cis-regulatory region during early Xenopus development.
Silva, Ana Cristina; Filipe, Mário; Steinbeisser, Herbert; Belo, José António
2011-05-01
Cerberus-related molecules are well-known Wnt, Nodal, and BMP inhibitors that have been implicated in different processes including anterior–posterior patterning and left–right asymmetry. In both mouse and frog, two Cerberus-related genes have been isolated, mCer-1 and mCer-2, and Xcer and Xcoco, respectively. Until now, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their transcriptional regulation. Here, we report a heterologous analysis of the mouse Cerberus-1 gene upstream regulatory regions, responsible for its expression in the visceral endodermal cells. Our analysis showed that the consensus sequences for a TATA, CAAT, or GC boxes were absent but a TGTGG sequence was present at position -172 to -168 bp, relative to the ATG. Using a series of deletion constructs and transient expression in Xenopus embryos, we found that a fragment of 1.4 kb of Cer-1 promoter sequence could reproduce the endogenous expression pattern of Xenopus cerberus. A 0.7-kb mcer-1 upstream region was able to drive reporter expression to the involuting mesendodermal cells, while further deletions abolished reporter gene expression. Our results suggest that although no sequence similarity was found between mouse and Xenopus cerberus cis-regulatory regions, the signaling cascades regulating cerberus expression, during gastrulation, is conserved.
Erdmann, Roman S; Toomre, Derek; Schepartz, Alanna
2017-01-01
Long time-lapse super-resolution imaging in live cells requires a labeling strategy that combines a bright, photostable fluorophore with a high-density localization probe. Lipids are ideal high-density localization probes, as they are >100 times more abundant than most membrane-bound proteins and simultaneously demark the boundaries of cellular organelles. Here, we describe Cer-SiR, a two-component, high-density lipid probe that is exceptionally photostable. Cer-SiR is generated in cells via a bioorthogonal reaction of two components: a ceramide lipid tagged with trans-cyclooctene (Cer-TCO) and a reactive, photostable Si-rhodamine dye (SiR-Tz). These components assemble within the Golgi apparatus of live cells to form Cer-SiR. Cer-SiR is benign to cellular function, localizes within the Golgi at a high density, and is sufficiently photostable to enable visualization of Golgi structure and dynamics by 3D confocal or long time-lapse STED microscopy.
Procedimiento de obtención de un material cerámico de forsterita
Sánchez-Soto, Pedro José; Ruíz-Conde, Antonio; Bono Barrón, Rafael; Raigón Pichardo, M.; Garzón Garzón, Eduardo
2009-01-01
Procedimiento de obtención de un material cerámico de forsterita. Procedimiento de obtención de un material cerámico a partir de un silicato laminar hidroxilado, preferiblemente talco, que comprende: mezclar una suspensión acuosa de silicato laminar hidroxilado con óxido de magnesio; secar la suspensión obtenida anteriormente a una temperatura de hasta 350ºC; y tratar térmicamente el producto secado a una temperatura de hasta 1600ºC. Además, la invención se refiere ...
Industria cerámica madrileña: Real Fábrica de la Moncloa
Puche Riart, Octavio; Mazadiego Martínez, Luis Felipe
2000-01-01
En un trabajo anterior se estudiaron los hornos cerámicos de Colmenar de Oreja (Puche y Mazadiego, 1999). Igualmente, está en curso una investigación sobre la industria cerámica de Valdemorillo y sobre las ladrilleras, tejeras y alfares de la Comunidad de Madrid, dentro el proyecto de investigación "Arqueología Industrial: Conservación del Patrimonio Minero-Metalúrgico Madrileño", subvencionado por la Consejería de Cultura de la Comunidad de Madrid. La existencia de la chimenea (La Tinaja), a...
A Political Campaign Strategy and Campaign Theme : How to Win a Political Campaign
河村, 直幸; Kawamura, Naoyuki
2004-01-01
The aim of this research paper is to introduce a political campaign strategy. A political campaign should do on a scientific system and needs effective strategy. Before political campaign begin, a candidate and its campaigner needs to analyze election district and sample voter opinion. An election campaign needs campaign theme. The creation of campaign theme needs careful and elaborate planning. A style of campaign varies according to incumbent or challenger. The developing of an effective po...
Provincial Carbon Emissions Reduction Allocation Plan in China Based on Consumption Perspective
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Xuecheng Wang
2018-04-01
Full Text Available China is a country with substantial differences in economic development, energy consumption mix, resources, and technologies, as well as the development path at the provincial level. Therefore, China’s provinces have different potential and degrees of difficulty to carry out carbon emission reduction (CER requirements. In addition, interprovincial trade, with a large amount of embodied carbon emissions, has become the fastest growing driver of China’s total carbon emissions. A reasonable CER allocation plan is, therefore, crucial for realizing the commitment that China announced in the Paris Agreement. How to determine a fair way to allocate provincial CER duties has become a significant challenge for both policy-makers and researchers. In this paper, ecological network analysis (ENA, combined with a multi-regional input-output model (MRIO, is adopted to build an ecological network of embodied emissions across 30 provinces. Then, by using flow analysis and utility analysis based on the ENA model, the specific relationships among different provinces were determined, and the amount of responsibility that a certain province should take quantified, with respect to the embodied carbon emission (ECE flows from interprovincial trade. As a result, we suggest a new CER allocation plan, based on the detailed data of interprovincial relationships and ECE flows.
Síntesis de pigmentos cerámicos mediante radiación microondas
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Calbo, J.
2007-02-01
Full Text Available Effect of microwave radiation on the development of ceramic pigments for tiles has been studied. Four compositions corresponding to different ceramic pigments (chrome-tin pink, cobalt-ferrite black, pink coral of iron in zircon and pink of chromium-tin sphene have been prepared. Compositions using several synthesis methods (ceramic route and nonconventional methods have been prepared and fired by microwave irradiation in a multimode, 1250 W power and 2450 MHz frequency, microwave equipment, and by conventional electric kiln. Results show that the efficiency of microwave firing show a great dependence on the mixing degree of precursors attained on the synthesis methods carried out, on microstructural parameters of powders and on the considered pigmenting system.
En el presente trabajo se ha analizado el efecto de la calcinación rápida dieléctrica con horno microondas sobre el desarrollo de pigmentos cerámicos para coloración de baldosas cerámicas. Para ello se han preparado cuatro composiciones de diferentes pigmentos cerámicos (negro de ferrocromita de cobalto, rosa de manganeso-alúmina, coral de hierro en circón y rosa de cromo estaño, empleando diferentes métodos de síntesis (ruta cerámica y métodos no convencionales, y han sido calcinadas en horno multimodo microondas, de 1250 W de potencia y 2450 MHz de frecuencia, y en horno eléctrico tradicional. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la efectividad de la cocción con microondas depende del grado de homogeneidad alcanzado en los diferentes métodos de síntesis, de la microestructura de los polvos y del sistema pigmentante considerado.
Qualitative Analysis of Infant Safe Sleep Public Campaign Messaging.
Peacock, Nadine R; Altfeld, Susan; Rosenthal, Allison L; Garland, Caitlin E; Massino, Jill M; Smith, Sherri L; Rowe, Hillary L; Wagener, Sarah E
2018-03-01
The 1994 Back to Sleep public education campaign resulted in dramatic reductions in sleep-related infant deaths, but comparable progress in recent years has been elusive. We conducted qualitative analyses of recent safe sleep campaigns from 13 U.S. cities. Goals were to (a) determine whether the campaigns reflect the full range of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2011 safe sleep recommendations, (b) describe tone and framing of the messages (e.g., use of fear appeals), (c) describe targeting/tailoring of messages to priority populations, and (d) ascertain whether the campaigns have been evaluated for reach and/or effectiveness. Methods included computer-assisted analyses of campaign materials and key informant interviews. All campaigns included "ABC" (Alone, Back, Crib) messaging; many ignored other AAP recommendations such as breastfeeding, room-sharing, immunizations, and avoiding smoke exposure. Campaigns frequently targeted priority populations such as African Americans. Fear appeals were used in three quarters of the campaigns, and 60% of the fear-based campaigns used guilt/blame messaging. We did not find published evaluation data for any of the campaigns. More attention is needed in public education campaigns to the full range of AAP recommendations, and evaluations are needed to determine the impact of these interventions on knowledge, behavior, and health outcomes.
The red deer Cervus elaphus genome CerEla1.0: sequencing, annotating, genes, and chromosomes.
Bana, Nóra Á; Nyiri, Anna; Nagy, János; Frank, Krisztián; Nagy, Tibor; Stéger, Viktor; Schiller, Mátyás; Lakatos, Péter; Sugár, László; Horn, Péter; Barta, Endre; Orosz, László
2018-01-02
We present here the de novo genome assembly CerEla1.0 for the red deer, Cervus elaphus, an emblematic member of the natural megafauna of the Northern Hemisphere. Humans spread the species in the South. Today, the red deer is also a farm-bred animal and is becoming a model animal in biomedical and population studies. Stag DNA was sequenced at 74× coverage by Illumina technology. The ALLPATHS-LG assembly of the reads resulted in 34.7 × 10 3 scaffolds, 26.1 × 10 3 of which were utilized in Cer.Ela1.0. The assembly spans 3.4 Gbp. For building the red deer pseudochromosomes, a pre-established genetic map was used for main anchor points. A nearly complete co-linearity was found between the mapmarker sequences of the deer genetic map and the order and orientation of the orthologous sequences in the syntenic bovine regions. Syntenies were also conserved at the in-scaffold level. The cM distances corresponded to 1.34 Mbp uniformly along the deer genome. Chromosomal rearrangements between deer and cattle were demonstrated. 2.8 × 10 6 SNPs, 365 × 10 3 indels and 19368 protein-coding genes were identified in CerEla1.0, along with positions for centromerons. CerEla1.0 demonstrates the utilization of dual references, i.e., when a target genome (here C. elaphus) already has a pre-established genetic map, and is combined with the well-established whole genome sequence of a closely related species (here Bos taurus). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that CerEla1.0 (NCBI, MKHE00000000) could serve for are discussed.
Plasma C16-Cer levels are increased in patients with preterm labor.
Laudanski, Piotr; Charkiewicz, Karol; Kisielewski, Rafal; Kuc, Pawel; Koc-Zorawska, Ewa; Raba, Grzegorz; Kraczkowski, Janusz; Dymicka-Piekarska, Violetta; Chabowski, Adrian; Kacerovsky, Marian; Jacobsson, Bo; Zabielski, Piotr; Blachnio-Zabielska, Agnieszka
2016-03-01
The pathogenesis of preterm labor is fragmentarily explained. The most widely accepted theory points out to infection and inflammation as possible causes, which can be mediated by potentially different factors, including sphingolipid mediators. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that have been shown as important mediators in various cell processes such as: proliferation, growth, apoptosis, stress response, necrosis and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess plasma concentrations of selected sphingolipids in patients with preterm labor. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to assess plasma concentrations of the 11 sphingolipids in patients presenting with symptoms of preterm labor (n=61) and threatened preterm labor (n=40). We observed a statistically significant increase (p-valueCer in patients with preterm labor as compared to the control group. We also found C16-Cer to be the best predictor of preterm labor in the group of patients with symptoms occurring after 32 weeks of gestation. Our findings show a possible involvement of selected sphingolipids, especially C16-Cer, in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Their role as predictors of preterm delivery needs to be validated in the future on larger group of patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Anti-idling campaign : Final report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
NONE
2002-11-01
The efficient use of transportation fuels and other petroleum products is being promoted by the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute. The Institute was busy during the past year in attempting to gain an understanding of the measures that could be adopted to assist motorists clearly identify the relationship between fuel consumption, personal transportation spending, and environmental impacts. The Institute undertook these efforts with Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Office of Energy Efficiency (which both provided funding) and the Public Policy Forum. A first step proposed was the development of an anti-idling public awareness campaign. It was recognized that idling a vehicle for more than ten seconds costs money and wastes fuel, while simultaneously contributing to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. The campaign also involved Esso, Shell, Petro-Canada, Canadian Tire and Sunoco for the development and implementation phases over the last two weeks of August 2002. A pilot campaign was tested in Mississauga, Ontario. Various materials were used for this campaign, such as posters, banners, cling vinyl window decals, air fresheners and information cards. The main successes of the campaign were: testing the methods of communicating the anti-idling message to drivers at gasoline retailing sites, increasing awareness among the driving public concerning the problems resulting from excessive idling, and encouraging the reduction of idling whenever and wherever it takes place. 1 tab.
Evaluación de moldes cerámicos en procesos de fundición
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Héctor Mosquera Mosquera
1983-05-01
Full Text Available La búsqueda de nuevas líneas de investigación en el campo de los materiales y procesos, (para desarrollar en el futuro nos llevo a realizar un sondeo de evaluación de los materiales cerámicos en la fabricación de moldes para los procesos de fundición, con el objeto de economizar costos de operación en la elaboración de los elementos de maquinas y piezas matrices de formas complejas (intrincadas principalmente. La tundición en cerámica es un proceso de fundición de precisión que emplea para la fabricación de los moldes, materiales cerámicos de grano muy fino aglutinados con sustancias especiales tales como el silicato de etilo. El uso de este aglutinante permite la posibilidad de controlar el tiempo de endurecimiento del mol de; obteniéndose piezas con gran acabado superficial, finos detalles y alto grade de precisión dimensional.
Tardy, Claudine; Goffinet, Marine; Boubekeur, Nadia; Cholez, Guy; Ackermann, Rose; Sy, Gavin; Keyserling, Constance; Lalwani, Narendra; Paolini, John F; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Barbaras, Ronald; Baron, Rudi
2015-01-01
CER-001 is a novel engineered HDL-mimetic comprised of recombinant human apoA-I and charged phospholipids that was designed to mimic the beneficial properties of nascent pre-ß HDL. In this study, we have evaluated the dose-dependent regulation of ABCA1 expression in vitro and in vivo in the presence of CER-001 and native HDL (HDL3). CER-001 induced cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner similar to natural HDL. A strong down-regulation of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter mRNA (- 50%) as well as the ABCA1 membrane protein expression (- 50%) was observed at higher doses of CER-001 and HDL3 compared to non-lipidated apoA-I. In vivo, in an apoE-/- mouse "flow cessation model," in which the left carotid artery was ligatured to induce local inflammation, the inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque burden progression in response to a dose-range of every-other-day CER-001 or HDL in the presence of a high-fat diet for two weeks was assessed. We observed a U-shaped dose-response curve: inhibition of the plaque total cholesterol content increased with increasing doses of CER-001 or HDL3 up to a maximum inhibition (- 51%) at 5 mg/kg; however, as the dose was increased above this threshold, a progressively less pronounced inhibition of progression was observed, reaching a complete absence of inhibition of progression at doses of 20 mg/kg and over. ABCA1 protein expression in the same atherosclerotic plaque was decreased by-45% and-68% at 50 mg/kg for CER-001 and HDL respectively. Conversely, a-12% and 0% decrease in ABCA1 protein expression was observed at the 5 mg/kg dose for CER-001 and HDL respectively. These data demonstrate that high doses of HDL and CER-001 are less effective at slowing progression of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE-/- mice compared to lower doses, following a U-shaped dose-response curve. A potential mechanism for this phenomenon is supported by the observation that high doses of HDL and CER-001 induce a rapid and
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Gerardo Zanotti
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Introducción: La superficie cerámica-cerámica causa complicaciones, como la fractura y la generación de ruidos articulares (squeaking. Este estudio muestra nuestra experiencia con la utilización del compuesto de matriz alúmina (cerámica Delta. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron, en forma retrospectiva, 109 caderas, 97 pacientes, con edad promedio de 49 años (rango 17-77. Ciento dos de estas caderas fueron cirugías primarias, mientras que 7 fueron revisiones. Todos los componentes acetabulares fueron Pinnacle® (DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Indiana, EE.UU. La cerámica utilizada en todos los casos fue BIOLOX® Delta (Ceram Tec AG, Plochingen, Alemania. Resultados: El seguimiento fue de 37 meses (rango 24- 50. Se realizó la medición radiográfica de la anteversión, por el método de Ackland (rango 1°-35°, la inclinación (rango 22°-67°, el diámetro acetabular (rango 48-62 mm, el tamaño de la cabeza femoral (88: 36 mm y 21: 28 mm y la lateralización antes de la cirugía y después de ella. Se evaluó a todos los pacientes con el puntaje de Harris, los resultados fueron, en su mayoría, muy buenos y algunos, buenos. Las complicaciones fueron: una luxación (0,91%, una subluxación protésica (0,91%, una infección aguda (0,91%, una fractura periprotésica (0,91%, una rotura del inserto de cerámica (0,91%. Ningún paciente refirió ruidos o una cadera chirriante. Conclusión: En esta serie, no se reportaron episodios de chirridos, pese a la gran variación en la anteversión y la inclinación del componente acetabular. Creemos que la composición y el diseño de la cerámica de tercera genera- ción determinarían un menor índice de chirridos que las de segunda generación.
Leonardi, Sergio; Tricoci, Pierluigi; White, Harvey D; Armstrong, Paul W; Huang, Zhen; Wallentin, Lars; Aylward, Philip E; Moliterno, David J; Van de Werf, Frans; Chen, Edmond; Providencia, Luis; Nordrehaug, Jan E; Held, Claes; Strony, John; Rorick, Tyrus L; Harrington, Robert A; Mahaffey, Kenneth W
2013-06-01
The TRA·CER trial compared vorapaxar, a novel platelet protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 antagonist, with placebo in 12 944 patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS). In this analysis, we explored the effect of vorapaxar on myocardial infarction (MI). A blinded, independent central endpoint adjudication committee prospectively defined and classified MI according to the universal MI definition, including peak cardiac marker value (creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB] and/or troponin). Because the trial failed to meet its primary endpoint, these analyses are considered exploratory. During a median follow-up of 502 days, 1580 MIs occurred in 1319 patients. The majority (n = 1025, 64.9%) were type 1 (spontaneous) MI, followed by type 4a [percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related] MI (n = 352; 22.3%). Compared with placebo, vorapaxar reduced the hazard of a first MI of any type by 12% [hazard ratio (HR), 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.98; P = 0.021] and the hazard of total number of MIs (first and subsequent) by 14% (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = 0.014), an effect that was sustained over time. Vorapaxar reduced type 1 MI by 17% (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; P = 0.007). Type 4a MIs were not significantly reduced by vorapaxar (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.73-1.12; P = 0.35). Vorapaxar effect was consistent across MI sizes defined by peak cardiac marker elevations and across key clinical subgroups; however, in patients not treated with thienopyridine at baseline (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92) compared with patients who received thienopyridine (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-1.02), there was a trend towards a higher effect (Pint = 0.077). The PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar was associated with a reduction of MI, including total number of infarctions. This reduction was sustained over time and was mostly evident in type 1 MI, the most common type of MI observed.
Conformado de piezas cerámicas a partir de suspensiones parafínicas cargadas con polvos
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Coronel, J. J.
2004-10-01
Full Text Available In this work is demonstrated the possible application of paraffin wax suspensions for shaping complex ceramic parts by injection moulding or extrusion. These suspensions were prepared from ceramic or metal-ceramic powders. Thermal debinding as well as mechanical properties after sintering (bending strength σB and fracture toughness KIc were also evaluated.
En este trabajo se demuestra la posible aplicación de suspensiones parafínicas para la formación mediante inyección o extrusión de piezas cerámicas con forma compleja. Las suspensiones fueron preparadas a partir de polvos cerámicos y metal-cerámicos. La eliminación de los componentes orgánicos así como las propiedades mecánicas después del sinterizado (resistencia a la ruptura σB y tenacidad a la fractura KIc también fueron evaluadas.
Símbolos geométricos en la cerámica de Izapa, Chiapas
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Alla Kolpakova
2009-07-01
Full Text Available El artículo aborda el conjunto de símbolos geométricos (puntos, líneas, triángulos, círculos, etcétera elaborados sobre la cerámica proveniente del sitio arqueológico de Izapa, Chiapas. Dichos símbolos tienen una importancia especial para el entendimiento de la historia de los orígenes de la civilización en el sureste de Mesoamérica. El propósito final es dilucidar, con auxilio de diversas fuentes comparativas, los posibles significados “básicos” que los antiguos alfareros de Izapa otorgaban a los símbolos que imprimían en su cerámica.
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Sumin Park
2017-09-01
Full Text Available This study analyzes factors affecting the price of South Korea’s Certified Emission Reduction (CER using statistical methods. CER refers to the transaction price for the amount of carbon emitted. Analysis of results found a co-integration relationship among the price of South Korea’s CER, oil price (WTI, and South Korea’s maximum electric power demand, which means that there is a long-term relationship among the three variables. Based on this result, VECM (vector error correction model analysis, impulse response function, and variance decomposition were performed. As the oil price (WTI increases, the demand for gas in power generation in Korea declines while the demand for coal increases. This leads to increased greenhouse gas (GHG; e.g., CO2 emissions and increased price of South Korea’s CERs. In addition, rising oil prices (WTI cause a decline in demand for oil products such as kerosene, which results in an increase in South Korea’s maximum power demand.
Escherichia coli ArgR mutants defective in cer/Xer recombination, but not in DNA binding.
Sénéchal, Hélène; Delesques, Jérémy; Szatmari, George
2010-04-01
The Escherichia coli arginine repressor (ArgR) is an L-arginine-dependent DNA-binding protein that controls the expression of the arginine biosynthetic genes and is required as an accessory factor for Xer site-specific recombination at cer and related recombination sites in plasmids. We used the technique of pentapeptide scanning mutagenesis to isolate a series of ArgR mutants that were considerably reduced in cer recombination, but were still able to repress an argA::lacZ fusion. DNA sequence analysis showed that all of the mutants mapped to the same nucleotide, resulting in a five amino acid insertion between residues 149 and 150 of ArgR, corresponding to the end of the alpha6 helix. A truncated ArgR containing a stop codon at residue 150 displayed the same phenotype as the protein with the five amino acid insertion, and both mutants displayed sequence-specific DNA-binding activity that was L-arginine dependent. These results show that the C-terminus of ArgR is more important in cer/Xer site-specific recombination than in DNA binding.
Clay, Emilie; Falissard, Bruno; Moore, Nicholas; Toumi, Mondher
2013-04-01
Benzodiazepines (BZD) and benzodiazepine receptor agonists (zolpidem, zaleplon, zopiclone, altogether Z-drugs) are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of insomnia. However, long-term use of BZD/Z-drugs is associated with major adverse events including, but not limited to, falls and fractures, domestic and traffic accidents, confusion, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. The prolonged use of these drugs is thought to be related to severe withdrawal symptoms and potential dependency. The chronic and extensive use of BZD/Z drugs has become a public health issue and has led to multiple campaigns to reduce both prescription and consumption of BZD/Z-drugs. Prolonged-release (PR) melatonin is the first of a new class of melatonin receptor agonist drugs that has demonstrated clinically relevant efficacy on improving quality of sleep and morning alertness, with a good safety profile. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the impact of anti-BZD/Z-drugs campaigns and the availability of alternative pharmacotherapy (PR-melatonin) on the consumption of BZD and Z-drugs in several European countries. Annual sales data from nine European countries were extracted from the IMS sales database and analyzed to determine whether trends in use of these treatment options were attributed to campaigns and/or availability and affordability of safer alternatives on the market. Campaigns aiming to reduce the use of BZD/Z-drugs failed when they were not associated with the availability and market uptake of PR-melatonin. The reimbursement of PR-melatonin supports better penetration rates and a higher reduction in sales for BZD/Z-drugs.
Hovingh, G Kees; Smits, Loek P; Stefanutti, Claudia; Soran, Handrean; Kwok, See; de Graaf, Jacqueline; Gaudet, Daniel; Keyserling, Constance H; Klepp, Heather; Frick, Jennifer; Paolini, John F; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Kastelein, John J P; Stroes, Erik S
2015-05-01
Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) are at extremely elevated risk for early cardiovascular disease because of exposure to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plasma levels from birth. Lowering LDL-C by statin therapy is the cornerstone for cardiovascular disease prevention, but the residual risk in HoFH remains high, emphasizing the need for additional therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of serial infusions with CER-001, a recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein-mimetic particle, on carotid artery wall dimensions in patients with HoFH. Twenty-three patients (mean age 39.4 ± 13.5 years, mean LDL-C 214.2 ± 81.5 mg/dL) with genetically confirmed homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or LDLRAP1 mutations received 12 biweekly infusions with CER-001 (8 mg/kg). Before and 1 hour after the first infusion, lipid values were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging (3-T magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the carotid arteries were acquired at baseline and after 24 weeks to assess changes in artery wall dimensions. After CER-001 infusion, apoA-I increased from 114.8 ± 20.7 mg/dL to 129.3 ± 23.0 mg/dL. After 24 weeks, mean vessel wall area (primary end point) decreased from 17.23 to 16.75 mm(2) (P = .008). A trend toward reduction of mean vessel wall thickness was observed (0.75 mm at baseline and 0.74 mm at follow-up, P = .0835). In HoFH, 12 biweekly infusions with an apoA-I-containing high-density lipoprotein-mimetic particle resulted in a significant reduction in carotid mean vessel wall area, implying that CER-001 may reverse atherogenic changes in the arterial wall on top of maximal low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapy. This finding supports further clinical evaluation of apoA-I-containing particles in patients with HoFH. Copyright © 2015 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conformação de monolitos cerâmicos de cordierita via eletroforese
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Picinini C. A.
1999-01-01
Full Text Available A técnica de conformação eletroforética é apresentada como uma alternativa viável para a produção de monolitos cerâmicos de cordierita. A matriz utilizada para a conformação das estruturas cerâmicas contém 109 condutos em paralelo. Os monolitos produzidos foram ensaiados quanto à área superficial, porosidade e resistência mecânica. Demonstra-se que a produção de monolitos por esta via é possível não só quanto sua facilidade de construção como também pela suas características adequadas para a utilização em substratos catalíticos.
Determinants to dose reduction in EMCCR - in regulatory perspective
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mohan, V.; Venkataraman, S.; Venkataraman, R.; Sajeev, B.S.
2006-01-01
Indian PHWRs had experienced three en masse coolant channel replacement campaigns, (EMCCR) first in RAPS-2, next in MAPS-2 and the last in MAPS-1. The campaign is already in full swing at NAPS-1. At MAPS, two EMCCR campaigns were done in a span of four years. The collective dose consumption in the MAPS-1 campaign was only about 25 % that of MAPS-2, a commendable achievement. Based on the experience of RAPS-2 and MAPS-2 campaigns, AERB - through several regulatory means- had given directives for reduction in collective dose in MAPS-1 campaign which was successfully implemented. This paper analyses and quantifies the key factors that contributed to collective dose reduction in MAPS-1 EMCCR. These factors could be put to use in the on going NAPS and forthcoming KAPS campaigns. (author)
El laboratorio en la investigación cerámica
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arredondo, Francisco
1958-02-01
Full Text Available Not availableSe estudian las variaciones dimensionales que experimenta una arcilla durante su cocción, así como los métodos actuales para determinarlas. Se describe el dilatómetro, usado en el laboratorio de cerámica del l. T. C. C. para realizar el análisis dilatométrico.
Mutational screening of FGFR1, CER1, and CDON in a large cohort of trigonocephalic patients.
Jehee, Fernanda Sarquis; Alonso, Luis G; Cavalcanti, Denise P; Kim, Chong; Wall, Steven A; Mulliken, John B; Sun, Miao; Jabs, Ethylin Wang; Boyadjiev, Simeon A; Wilkie, Andrew O M; Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita
2006-03-01
Screen the known craniosynostotic related gene, FGFR1 (exon 7), and two new identified potential candidates, CER1 and CDON, in patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic metopic craniosynostosis to determine if they might be causative genes. Using single-strand conformational polymorphisms (SSCPs), denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and/or direct sequencing, we analyzed a total of 81 patients for FGFR1 (exon 7), 70 for CER1, and 44 for CDON. Patients were ascertained in the Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano in São Paulo, Brazil (n = 39), the Craniofacial Unit, Oxford, U.K. (n = 23), and the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (n = 31). Clinical inclusion criteria included a triangular head and/or forehead, with or without a metopic ridge, and a radiographic documentation of metopic synostosis. Both syndromic and nonsyndromic patients were studied. No sequence alterations were found for FGFR1 (exon 7). Different patterns of SSCP migration for CER1 compatible with the segregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms reported in the region were identified. Seventeen sequence alterations were detected in the coding region of CDON, seven of which are new, but segregation analysis in parents and homology studies did not indicate a pathological role. FGFR1 (exon 7), CER1, and CDON are not related to trigonocephaly in our sample and should not be considered as causative genes for metopic synostosis. Screening of FGFR1 (exon 7) for diagnostic purposes should not be performed in trigonocephalic patients.
Cerâmicas odontológicas: o estado atual Ceramic in dentistry: current situation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. A. Gomes
2008-09-01
Full Text Available As cerâmicas dentais são conhecidas pela sua excelência em reproduzir artificialmente os dentes naturais. No século XVIII foi empregada pela primeira vez na Odontologia como dente artificial para próteses totais. A partir do século XX passou a ser utilizada para a confecção de restaurações metalocerâmicas e mais recentemente, com o aprimoramento da tecnologia cerâmica, surgiram as restaurações livres de metal. As cerâmicas têm apresentado rápida evolução em âmbito científico com o intuito de melhorar suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas para suprir as necessidades estéticas que são cada vez mais exigidas pela sociedade moderna. Nesse contexto, é preciso conhecer cada sistema cerâmico disponível atualmente no mercado, desde suas principais características até suas limitações, para saber indicá-lo de modo correto em cada situação clínica específica.Dental ceramics are known for their excellence in artificially reproduce natural teeth. In the XVIII century they were employed for the first time in Dentistry as artificial tooth for complete dentures. Since the XX century they were used to fabricate metal ceramic restorations and, nowadays, all-ceramic restorations are obtained as a result of ceramic technology improvement. Ceramics present a fast progress in the scientific field in order to improve their physical and mechanical properties to provide for aesthetic needs so required by modern society. In this context, it is important to know each ceramic system currently available on the market, regarding not only its main features but also its limitations, to an accurate indication for each specific clinical situation.
Bernardo, Mônica Oliveira; Almeida, Fernando Antonio de; Morgado, Flavio
2017-01-01
To analyze the results of an initiative aimed at improving the reasonable use of radiological examinations, ensuring their technical quality, implementing a radioprotection campaign that includes training of the professional team, and introducing the radioprotection card for children under 12 years old as a tool for parents and doctors to control children's exposure to radiation. The study was held in a health care insurance system covering 140,000 people. A radioprotection campaign was implemented according to Image Gently • protocols, ensuring the lowest dose of radiation and the quality of examinations, and the radioprotection card was implemented. To assess the effectiveness of these actions, the number of radiological examinations performed at the pediatric emergency room in a period of one year preceding the campaign was compared with the number of radiological examinations performed one year after the campaign. The campaign was well accepted by all professionals, families, and patients involved. In the year following the implementation of radioprotection strategies, there was a 22% reduction of radiological examinations performed at the pediatric emergency room. There was also a 29% reduction in the request of two or more radiological examinations for the same child or examinations with two or more incidences. The campaign and the radioprotection card for children under 12 years old proved to be feasible strategies and correlated with a reduction in radiological examinations requested and performed at the pediatric emergency room.
Avaliação da adição de dolomita em massa de cerâmica de revestimento de queima vermelha
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R. A. L. Soares
2014-12-01
Full Text Available A dolomita é um mineral encontrado em abundância no estado do Piauí, ao mesmo tempo é desconsiderada pela indústria cerâmica. A sua formação química-mineralógica aponta para uma potencialidade de aplicação em massa cerâmica de revestimento, devido à presença de óxidos fundentes e outros capazes de formar novas fases cristalinas que contribuem na melhoria da estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica dos corpos cerâmicos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade do uso de um carbonato dolomítico na produção de cerâmica de revestimento de base vermelha. Para isso foram caracterizadas uma massa cerâmica usada na produção de revestimento semiporoso e dolomita oriunda de uma jazida piauiense. O carbonato foi adicionado à massa industrial em diferentes teores e as formulações foram queimadas em três temperaturas: 1080 ºC, 1120 ºC e 1160 ºC. Foram realizados nos corpos de prova queimados ensaios tecnológicos de retração linear, absorção de água, massa específica aparente e resistência mecânica. A microestrutura foi avaliada através de análise por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram potencialidade da aplicação da dolomita piauiense em massa de revestimento cerâmico.
Utilização de resíduos de materiais cerâmicos na adsorção de corante azul de metileno
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L. Dominguini
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho estuda a viabilidade de utilização de resíduos de materiais cerâmicos como agentes de adsorção de corantes utilizados em indústrias têxteis. Resíduos de materiais cerâmicos, oriundos de quebras de tijolos, azulejos e pisos foram selecionados, triturados e moídos a uma granulometria adequada, o que possibilitou o estudo da influência do tipo de material cerâmico (resíduo e da sua granulometria sobre a adsorção do corante azul de metileno. Os resíduos cerâmicos foram separados em três diferentes granulometrias, fina (0,15 mm < Dfino< 0,30 mm, média (0,30 mm < Dmédio< 1,18 mm e grossa (1,18 mm
Swayne, Theresa C; Zhou, Chun; Boldogh, Istvan R; Charalel, Joseph K; McFaline-Figueroa, José Ricardo; Thoms, Sven; Yang, Christine; Leung, Galen; McInnes, Joseph; Erdmann, Ralf; Pon, Liza A
2011-12-06
Mitochondria accumulate at neuronal and immunological synapses and yeast bud tips and associate with the ER during phospholipid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial fission. Here we show that mitochondria are associated with cortical ER (cER) sheets underlying the plasma membrane in the bud tip and confirm that a deletion in YPT11, which inhibits cER accumulation in the bud tip, also inhibits bud tip anchorage of mitochondria. Time-lapse imaging reveals that mitochondria are anchored at specific sites in the bud tip. Mmr1p, a member of the DSL1 family of tethering proteins, localizes to punctate structures on opposing surfaces of mitochondria and cER sheets underlying the bud tip and is recovered with isolated mitochondria and ER. Deletion of MMR1 impairs bud tip anchorage of mitochondria without affecting mitochondrial velocity or cER distribution. Deletion of the phosphatase PTC1 results in increased Mmr1p phosphorylation, mislocalization of Mmr1p, defects in association of Mmr1p with mitochondria and ER, and defects in bud tip anchorage of mitochondria. These findings indicate that Mmr1p contributes to mitochondrial inheritance as a mediator of anchorage of mitochondria to cER sheets in the yeast bud tip and that Ptc1p regulates Mmr1p phosphorylation, localization, and function. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Prototyping and testing of the Continuous External Rogowski ITER magnetic sensor
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Moreau, Ph., E-mail: philippe.jacques.moreau@cea.fr [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Le-Luyer, A.; Malard, P.; Pastor, P.; Saint-Laurent, F.; Spuig, P. [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Lister, J.; Toussaint, M.; Marmillod, P.; Testa, D. [Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, EPFL (Switzerland); Peruzzo, S. [Consorzio RFX, Association EURATOM-ENEA, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (Italy); Knaster, J. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France); IFMIF EVEDA, Rokkasho (Japan); Vayakis, G.; Hughes, S.; Patel, K.M. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)
2013-10-15
Highlights: ► ITER Continuous External Rogowski (CER) are designed for plasma and vacuum vessel current measurement. ► CER are located in the casing of Toroidal Field Coils and thus will operate at 4 K. ► The design of the sensors has been completed. ► CER prototypes have been manufactured by 2 suppliers. ► The R and D campaign on CER prototypes consisted in the measurement of about 100 parameters to characterize the CER. -- Abstract: The measurement of the plasma current in ITER plays an outstanding role as it is part of the machine protection and is a safety-relevant measurement: it will be used in relation with regulatory limits to show that the operation remains within the safe envelope defined in the ITER license. The Continuous External Rogowski (CER) is an inductive sensor designed for current measurements and located in the casing of 3 Toroidal Field Coils (TFCs). After the completion of the design of the CER, 4 prototypes of the sensor were manufactured and R and D activities were performed under a Grant with the European Domestic Agency (F4E-GRT-012). The work was carried out between 2010 and 2011 by the ITERMAG consortium comprising 3 laboratories: CRPP (Switzerland) as leader, CEA (France) and RFX (Italy). The R and D campaign on CER prototypes consisted in the measurement of about 100 parameters to characterize the CER in terms of electrical, thermal, mechanical and also of vacuum compatibility. From these results, electromagnetic modeling of the CER response was performed. It is demonstrated that the CER fulfills ITER requirements. However, the vacuum compatibility of the prototype has to be improved and solutions to cope with this issue are proposed.
Prototyping and testing of the Continuous External Rogowski ITER magnetic sensor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Moreau, Ph.; Le-Luyer, A.; Malard, P.; Pastor, P.; Saint-Laurent, F.; Spuig, P.; Lister, J.; Toussaint, M.; Marmillod, P.; Testa, D.; Peruzzo, S.; Knaster, J.; Vayakis, G.; Hughes, S.; Patel, K.M.
2013-01-01
Highlights: ► ITER Continuous External Rogowski (CER) are designed for plasma and vacuum vessel current measurement. ► CER are located in the casing of Toroidal Field Coils and thus will operate at 4 K. ► The design of the sensors has been completed. ► CER prototypes have been manufactured by 2 suppliers. ► The R and D campaign on CER prototypes consisted in the measurement of about 100 parameters to characterize the CER. -- Abstract: The measurement of the plasma current in ITER plays an outstanding role as it is part of the machine protection and is a safety-relevant measurement: it will be used in relation with regulatory limits to show that the operation remains within the safe envelope defined in the ITER license. The Continuous External Rogowski (CER) is an inductive sensor designed for current measurements and located in the casing of 3 Toroidal Field Coils (TFCs). After the completion of the design of the CER, 4 prototypes of the sensor were manufactured and R and D activities were performed under a Grant with the European Domestic Agency (F4E-GRT-012). The work was carried out between 2010 and 2011 by the ITERMAG consortium comprising 3 laboratories: CRPP (Switzerland) as leader, CEA (France) and RFX (Italy). The R and D campaign on CER prototypes consisted in the measurement of about 100 parameters to characterize the CER in terms of electrical, thermal, mechanical and also of vacuum compatibility. From these results, electromagnetic modeling of the CER response was performed. It is demonstrated that the CER fulfills ITER requirements. However, the vacuum compatibility of the prototype has to be improved and solutions to cope with this issue are proposed
Estudio comparativo de la rugosidad superficial en cerámicas de ultra baja fusión
Ccahuana Vásquez, Vanessa Zulema; Leite de Oliveira Morais, Andréia Alves; Sussumu Nishioka, Renato; Tomomitsu Kimpara, Estevão
2015-01-01
El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la rugosidad superficial en cerámicas de baja y ultra baja fusión, después del pulido mecánico y exposición a un medio corrosivo in vitro. El análisis de la superficie (Ra) fue realizado con un rugosímetro. Se confeccionaron 72 discos, divididos en cuatro grupos según el sistema cerámico utilizado: VitadurAplha (G1), Titankeramik (G2), HeraCeram (G3) y Finesse (G4), y según el tratamiento de superficie: (A) especímenes sin tratamiento de superficie. (B...
A theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns.
Elvik, Rune
2016-12-01
This paper proposes a theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns, which may help in identifying the conditions under which such campaigns can be effective. The paper proposes that, from a theoretical point of view, it is reasonable to assume that road user behaviour is, by and large, subjectively rational. This means that road users are assumed to behave the way they think is best. If this assumption is accepted, the best theoretical prediction is that road safety campaigns consisting of persuasive messages only will have no effect on road user behaviour and accordingly no effect on accidents. This theoretical prediction is not supported by meta-analyses of studies that have evaluated the effects of road safety communication campaigns. These analyses conclude that, on the average, such campaigns are associated with an accident reduction. The paper discusses whether this finding can be explained theoretically. The discussion relies on the distinction made by many modern theorists between bounded and perfect rationality. Road user behaviour is characterised by bounded rationality. Hence, if road users can gain insight into the bounds of their rationality, so that they see advantages to themselves of changing behaviour, they are likely to do so. It is, however, largely unknown whether such a mechanism explains why some road safety communication campaigns have been found to be more effective than others. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fat watch: A nationwide campaign in the Netherlands to reduce fat intake-effect evaluation
Wechem, S.N. van; Brug, J.; Assema, P. van; Kistemaker, C.; Riedstra, M.; Löwik, M.R.H.
1998-01-01
In the Netherlands, the nationwide Fat Watch campaign aiming at a reduction in fat consumption was organized from 1991 onwards. This study describes the effects of the first three consecutive campaign years on attention to fat, diet and health, attitudes, self-efficacy expectations and intentions
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
R. P. S. Dutra
2002-12-01
Full Text Available As cerâmicas porosas possuem um elevado potencial para serem usadas em diversas aplicações importantes. Combinando adequadamente matérias-primas e técnicas de processamento, é possível obter cerâmicas porosas com elevados valores de resistência mecânica, resistência ao ataque químico, elevada refratariedade e elevada uniformidade estrutural. Entre os vários métodos de obtenção de cerâmica porosa, o método de incorporação de produtos orgânicos ao corpo cerâmico é bastante utilizado quando se deseja trabalhar com a porosidade do produto. No entanto, muitas variáveis devem ser analisadas, a começar pela quantidade de material orgânico adicionado ao corpo cerâmico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a elaboração de cerâmicas porosas com a incorporação do pó-de-madeira ao corpo cerâmico e a análise das propriedades físicas e mecânicas deste material com a variação da temperatura de processamento. Os resultados indicaram que o método é viável, constatando um aumento da fração de poros com a adição do material orgânico e boa resistência mecânica do material.The porous ceramic have a high potential to be used in several important applications. Combining raw materials with processing techniques appropriately is possible to obtain porous ceramic with high values of mechanical resistance, resistance to the chemical attack, high refratariety and high structural uniformity. Among the several methods of obtaining porous ceramic, the method of incorporation organic products of the ceramic body is very used when wish work with the porosity of the product. However, many variety should be analyzed, to begin the amount of organic material added to the ceramic body. This work has as objective the elaboration of porous ceramic with the incorporation of the wood powder to the ceramic body and the analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of this material with the variation of the processing temperature. The
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gili, M.
1995-09-01
The volume reduction and conditioning campaigns, upon low level solid waste drums, realized between 1989 and 1993 in the ENEA (Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment) centres of Trisaia (ITREC plant) and Saluggia (EUREX plant), by the mean of supercompactation, and cement immobilization inside over packs, are hereby described. The operational techniques and the equipments used, the whole volume reduction factors obtained and some final considerations over this solid rad wastes treatment procedure are shown. This method, where correctly operated and coupled to an accurate radiological characterization, permits to save space for the waste storage in the short period and to obtain final manufacts, certified suitable for shallow burial disposal, according to italian technical guide n. 26
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de cerâmicas para fabricação de próteses dentárias
RAMOS FILHO, Fernando Bezerra
2008-01-01
Atualmente, as qualidades dos produtos e do processamento têm vital importância em quase todos os setores econômicos em nossa sociedade. O desenvolvimento e caracterização de cerâmica para fabricação de próteses dentária vêm sendo buscados através de vários trabalhos ao longo da história. As cerâmicas odontológicas podem consistir principalmente em vidros, porcelanas, cerâmicas vítreas ou estruturas cristalinas. Elas possuem propriedades químicas, mecânicas, físicas e térmic...
242-A campaign 95-1 post run document
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Guthrie, M.D.
1996-01-01
The 242-A Evaporator Campaign 95-1 was started on June 6, 1995 and finished July 27, 1995. An overall Waste Volume Reduction (WVR) of 8.18 million liters (2.16 mGAL OR 87.6% WVRF) was achieved from 9.35 million liters (2.47 Mgal) of processable waste contained in 108-AP, 107-AP, 106-AW and 102-AW. Slurry generated from Campaign 95-1 consisted of 1.05 million liters (278,000 gal) of dilute double-shell slurry feed (DDSSF) with a SpG of approximately 1.34. Total process condensate discharged to LERF was 10.3 million liters (2.72 Mgal), achieving a condensate/WVR efficiency ratio of 1.26. Total throughout for Campaign 95-1 was 18.1 million liters (4.79 Mgal). B Pond discharges from steam condensate and cooling water were 15.8 and 583 million liters (4.17 and 154 Mgal) respectively. Based on 145 hours of unplanned downtime, the 242-A Evaporator maintained an operating efficiency of 86% during the 49 day campaign
Técnicas de indentación: medición de propiedades mecánicas en cerámicas
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JUAN MANUEL MEZA
2006-01-01
Full Text Available Las técnicas de indentación poseen una gran versatilidad que permite evaluar propiedades mecánicas en volúmenes inferiores a 0.001 mm3, hasta volúmenes del orden de los mm3, útil tanto en materiales compuestos como en volumen. Este artículo hace una revisión general de los fundamentos de éstas técnicas. También se muestran algunas de las dificultades que surgen cuando éstas son aplicadas a la medición de propiedades mecánicas de materiales cerámicos, tales como su dureza tenacidad a la fractura, módulo de elasticidad y adherencia de capas cerámicas en sustratos metálicos. Para esto se utilizan algunos materiales cerámicos en volumen como alúmina Al2O3, Titanato de Bario BaTiO3 y capas TiN depositadas sobre acero M2.
242-A Campaign 94-1 post run document
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Guthrie, M.D.
1994-01-01
The purpose of this post-run document is to summarize the results of 242-A Evaporator Campaign 94-1 as required. Campaign 94-1 represents the first Evaporator operation since 1989, following completion of the B-534 upgrades and Liquid Effluent Retention Facility (LERF) construction. The purpose of Campaign 94-1 was to concentrate dilute waste from TK-102-AW, TK-106-AW, and TK-103-AP. From an available 2.87 million gallon feedstock of dilute waste contained in 102-AW, 106-AW and 103-AP, an overall Waste Volume Reduction (WVR) of 2.39 million gallons (83% WVRF) was achieved. At the completion of the campaign, approximately 477,000 gallons of dilute double-shell slurry feed (DDSSF) was produced with a SpG. of 1.25--1.30. Total process condensate discharged to LERF was 3.09 million gallons, achieving a condensate/WVR ratio of 1.29. Throughput for Campaign 94-1 was 5.27 million gallons. Total steam condensate and cooling water discharge to B-pond was 4.7 and 216 million gallons respectively. The evaporator operated approximately 43 days of the 60 day campaign for a total operating efficiency of 73%. Campaign 94-1 was completed without any discharge limit, Operating Specification Document, or Operational Safety Requirement violations. Major problems encountered during the run included the following: (1) high CA1 deentrainment pad dP's caused by foaming, (2) condensate pump P-C100 failure, and (3) ion exchange column dP's and efficiency
Lilleker, Darren
2017-01-01
Political campaigns are orchestrated attempts by political organizations to garner public support through persuasive communication in order to influence public policy in their favor. This broad definition encapsulates all forms of campaigns from those of neighborhood organizations seeking to influence local politicians to the campaigns of political parties and candidates who seek election to office in order to shape policy themselves. In pluralist democracies, campaigns are crucial for repres...
Effectiveness of Mass Media Campaigns to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Harm: A Systematic Review
Lewis, Sarah; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Bauld, Linda; Stead, Martine; Angus, Kathryn; Campbell, Mhairi; Hilton, Shona; Thomas, James; Hinds, Kate; Ashie, Adela; Langley, Tessa
2018-01-01
Abstract Aims To assess the effectiveness of mass media messages to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms using a systematic literature review. Methods Eight databases were searched along with reference lists of eligible studies. Studies of any design in any country were included, provided that they evaluated a mass media intervention targeting alcohol consumption or related behavioural, social cognitive or clinical outcomes. Drink driving interventions and college campus campaigns were ineligible. Studies quality were assessed, data were extracted and a narrative synthesis conducted. Results Searches produced 10,212 results and 24 studies were included in the review. Most campaigns used TV or radio in combination with other media channels were conducted in developed countries and were of weak quality. There was little evidence of reductions in alcohol consumption associated with exposure to campaigns based on 13 studies which measured consumption, although most did not state this as a specific aim of the campaign. There were some increases in treatment seeking and information seeking and mixed evidence of changes in intentions, motivation, beliefs and attitudes about alcohol. Campaigns were associated with increases in knowledge about alcohol consumption, especially where levels had initially been low. Recall of campaigns was high. Conclusion Mass media health campaigns about alcohol are often recalled by individuals, have achieved changes in knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about alcohol but there is little evidence of reductions in alcohol consumption. Short summary There is little evidence that mass media campaigns have reduced alcohol consumption although most did not state that they aimed to do so. Studies show recall of campaigns is high and that they can have an impact on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about alcohol consumption. PMID:29329359
Effectiveness of Mass Media Campaigns to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Harm: A Systematic Review.
Young, Ben; Lewis, Sarah; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Bauld, Linda; Stead, Martine; Angus, Kathryn; Campbell, Mhairi; Hilton, Shona; Thomas, James; Hinds, Kate; Ashie, Adela; Langley, Tessa
2018-05-01
To assess the effectiveness of mass media messages to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms using a systematic literature review. Eight databases were searched along with reference lists of eligible studies. Studies of any design in any country were included, provided that they evaluated a mass media intervention targeting alcohol consumption or related behavioural, social cognitive or clinical outcomes. Drink driving interventions and college campus campaigns were ineligible. Studies quality were assessed, data were extracted and a narrative synthesis conducted. Searches produced 10,212 results and 24 studies were included in the review. Most campaigns used TV or radio in combination with other media channels were conducted in developed countries and were of weak quality. There was little evidence of reductions in alcohol consumption associated with exposure to campaigns based on 13 studies which measured consumption, although most did not state this as a specific aim of the campaign. There were some increases in treatment seeking and information seeking and mixed evidence of changes in intentions, motivation, beliefs and attitudes about alcohol. Campaigns were associated with increases in knowledge about alcohol consumption, especially where levels had initially been low. Recall of campaigns was high. Mass media health campaigns about alcohol are often recalled by individuals, have achieved changes in knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about alcohol but there is little evidence of reductions in alcohol consumption. There is little evidence that mass media campaigns have reduced alcohol consumption although most did not state that they aimed to do so. Studies show recall of campaigns is high and that they can have an impact on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about alcohol consumption.
Estudio arqueométrico de figurillas cerámicas mayas de Calakmul (Campeche, México
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
García-Heras, M.
2006-08-01
Full Text Available The results derived from an archaeometric characterization study undertaken on a representative ensemble of Late Classic ceramic figurines coming from the archaeological field work carried out in the Mayan town of Calakmul (Campeche, México are reported and discussed in this paper. The main goals of the research were to gather some information on the technology of manufacture of these ceramics and provide some insights into their probable provenance. The archaeometric characterization was accomplished through the following complementary techniques: conventional optical microscopy (OM, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF. In order to isolate ceramic groups with a similar chemical profile, XRF data were also analyzed by exploratory multivariate statistical techniques. The resulting data indicate that most of the figurines were locally manufactured from a calcium carbonate (calcite-rich clay raw material. A small ceramic group containing mixed calcium and magnesium carbonates (dolomite, which could be foreign or from other area of the Calakmul region, was also identified. These data suggest that the production of ceramic figurines could be associated to workshops linked to the monopoly on ceramic production performed by the centralized power of the town of Calakmul during this period.
En este trabajo se presentan y discuten los resultados de la caracterización arqueométrica realizada sobre un conjunto representativo de figurillas cerámicas del Clásico Tardío procedentes de las excavaciones arqueológicas efectuadas en la ciudad maya de Calakmul (Campeche, México. Los objetivos principales han sido recabar información sobre la tecnología de manufactura de estas cerámicas y evaluar su posible procedencia. La caracterización arqueométrica se ha llevado a cabo mediante las siguientes técnicas complementarias: microscopía óptica convencional (MO, difracción de
Choque térmico em filtros cerâmicos do sistema Al2O3-SiC
Salvini, V. R.; Innocentini, M. D. M.; Pandolfelli, V. C.
2002-01-01
Em diversas aplicações as cerâmicas celulares são submetidas a tensões térmicas severas, tal como na filtração de metais fundidos. Contudo, há poucos estudos sobre o desempenho ao choque térmico destes materiais. Uma das razões é que a metodologia para análise desta classe de materiais deve ser distinta daquela utilizada para os materiais cerâmicos densos. Isto porque no caso dos materiais celulares para filtração de metais fundidos o meio causador do choque térmico infiltra-se rapidamente na...
Andrews, Jordan; Janssan, Alex; Nguyen, Tracy; Pisaniello, Anthony D; Scherer, Daniel J; Kastelein, John J P; Merkely, Bela; Nissen, Steven E; Ray, Kausik; Schwartz, Gregory G; Worthley, Stephen G; Keyserling, Connie; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Butters, Julie; Girardi, Jacinta; Miller, Rosemary; Nicholls, Stephen J
2017-02-01
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is believed to have atheroprotective properties, but an effective HDL-based therapy remains elusive. Early studies have suggested that infusion of reconstituted HDL promotes reverse cholesterol transport and vascular reactivity. The CER-001 Atherosclerosis Regression Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial (CARAT) is investigating the impact of infusing an engineered pre-beta HDL mimetic containing sphingomyelin (SM) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidlyglycerol (CER-001) on coronary atheroma volume in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The CARAT is a phase 2, multicenter trial in which 292 patients with an ACS undergoing intracoronary ultrasonography and showing percent atheroma volume (PAV) greater than 30% are randomly assigned to treatment with ten infusions of CER-001 3 mg/kg or matching placebo, administered at weekly intervals. Intracoronary ultrasonography is repeated at the end of the treatment period. The primary endpoint is the nominal change in PAV. Safety and tolerability will also be evaluated. CARAT will establish whether serial 3 mg/kg infusions of an engineered pre-beta HDL mimetic containing SM and dipalmitoyl phosphatidlyglycerol (CER-001) will regress atherosclerotic plaque in patients with a recent ACS.
Caracterização etnopedológica de Planossolos utilizados em cerâmica artesanal no Agreste Paraibano
Alves,Ângelo Giuseppe Chaves; Marques,José Geraldo Wanderley; Queiroz,Sandra Barreto de; Silva,Ivandro de França da; Ribeiro,Mateus Rosas
2005-01-01
Técnicas adaptadas da etnociência clássica foram utilizadas para descrever e avaliar os conhecimentos de um grupo de artesãos camponeses do Agreste Paraibano sobre alguns solos que eles usam como recurso cerâmico. Cinco perfis de solo foram descritos por agrônomos-pesquisadores (abordagem eticista) e por camponeses (abordagem emicista), em locais onde a população local extrai material para cerâmica. Amostras coletadas em ambas as abordagens foram usadas para caracterização morfológica e analí...
Obtenção de cerâmicas ferroelétricas de Gd2Mo3O12 e o puxamento de fibras monocristalinas
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Ferrari C. R.
2001-01-01
Full Text Available Nesse trabalho abordamos a obtenção do material cerâmico Gd2Mo3O12 na sua fase beta, denominado beta-GMO, utilizando-se do método convencional de mistura de óxidos e reação do estado sólido. MoO3 e o Gd2O3 nas razões molares 3:1 e 3,25:1 foram usados como pós de partida. Cerâmicas sinterizadas foram usadas como pedestais e sementes na produção de fibras monocristalinas pela técnica Laser Heated Pedestal Growth- LHPG. A cerâmica com fase única Gd2Mo3O12 foi melhor obtida usando a razão molar 3:1 entre os pós de partida. Por outro lado, fibras cristalinas obtidas a partir de pedestais cerâmicos com excesso de MoO3 apresentaram melhor qualidade óptica e a estequiometria desejada.
Li, Chao; Haslam, Tegan M; Krüger, Anna; Schneider, Lizette M; Mishina, Kohei; Samuels, Lacey; Yang, Hongxing; Kunst, Ljerka; Schaffrath, Ulrich; Nawrath, Christiane; Chen, Guoxiong; Komatsuda, Takao; von Wettstein-Knowles, Penny
2018-04-01
The cuticle coats the primary aerial surfaces of land plants. It consists of cutin and waxes, which provide protection against desiccation, pathogens and herbivores. Acyl cuticular waxes are synthesized via elongase complexes that extend fatty acyl precursors up to 38 carbons for downstream modification pathways. The leaves of 21 barley eceriferum (cer) mutants appear to have less or no epicuticular wax crystals, making these mutants excellent tools for identifying elongase and modification pathway biosynthetic genes. Positional cloning of the gene mutated in cer-zh identified an elongase component, β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (CER-ZH/HvKCS1) that is one of 34 homologous KCSs encoded by the barley genome. The biochemical function of CER-ZH was deduced from wax and cutin analyses and by heterologous expression in yeast. Combined, these experiments revealed that CER-ZH/HvKCS1 has a substrate specificity for C16-C20, especially unsaturated, acyl chains, thus playing a major role in total acyl chain elongation for wax biosynthesis. The contribution of CER-ZH to water barrier properties of the cuticle and its influence on the germination of barley powdery mildew fungus were also assessed.
Aderência de revestimentos em paredes de blocos cerâmicos com função estrutural
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Jefferson Sidney Camacho
Full Text Available Resumo O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar o comportamento mecânico dos revestimentos cerâmicos frente aos carregamentos na alvenaria estrutural. Neste estudo são apresentados os resultados experimentais e conclusões sobre o comportamento de paredes revestidas quando submetidas a carregamentos verticais crescentes até a ruptura. Os revestimentos foram fixados com argamassa colante industrial, aplicados em paredes de blocos cerâmicos com e sem emboço. Ao longo dos ensaios foram registrados todos os eventos considerados importantes, tais como deformações, início de fissuração, descolamento dos revestimentos, formas e cargas de rupturas. Dessa forma, foi possível quantificar a relação dos carregamentos presentes nas paredes com as fissurações e desprendimentos dos revestimentos cerâmicos, onde se pode verificar que os problemas patológicos ocorreram próximos aos limites de carregamento da estrutura, indicando que o sistema de revestimentos não sofreram relativas alterações visuais e mecânicas dentro do regime estrutural de utilização.
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Yolanda Gallaga Ortega
2012-02-01
Full Text Available The ceramic industry is a very important activity in several municipalities of the state of Guanajuato, where a significant and constant demand is kept for clay as raw material to formulate pastes used in the manufacturing of utilitarian and ornamental ceramic products. Traditionally, there have existed evidences about important clay deposits in the state of Guanajuato with suitable ceramic properties, which have not been completely characterized or quantified. Thus, considering the relevance of this raw materials to the ceramic industry in the region, as well as the difficulties to dispose of ceramic commercial materials with high and homogeneous quality at a low cost, the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Inorgánica and the Dirección de Fomento Minero del Estado de Guanajuato established a collaborating project focused on the study of the selected clay deposits and taking into account the following aspects: clay characterization, evaluation of the ceramic properties and calculation of the existing reserves. In this paper the results of the chemical and mineralogical characterization of the clays in the selected zone samples are presented. The results were reviewed with respect to the obtained values in the characterization of the commercial pastes ordinarily used by the potters in order to establish an initial estimation about the real potential of the clay deposits studied. La industria cerámica es una actividad muy importante en varios municipios del estado de Guanajuato, donde se mantiene una gran demanda de arcillas como materia prima para la formulación de pastas en la manufactura de productos cerámicos utilitarios y ornamentales. Tradicionalmente han existido evidencias de yacimientos importantes de arcillas de calidad cerámica en el estado de Guanajuato, pero aún no han sido completamente caracterizados y cuantificados. Así, considerando la importancia de esta materia prima para la industria cerámica de la región, y las
Kootte, Ruud S; Smits, Loek P; van der Valk, Fleur M; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Keyserling, Constance H; Barbaras, Ronald; Paolini, John F; Santos, Raul D; van Dijk, Theo H; Dallinga-van Thie, Geesje M; Nederveen, Aart J; Mulder, Willem J M; Hovingh, G Kees; Kastelein, John J P; Groen, Albert K; Stroes, Erik S
2015-03-01
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) contributes to the anti-atherogenic effects of HDL. Patients with the orphan disease, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA), are characterized by decreased tissue cholesterol removal and an increased atherogenic burden. We performed an open-label uncontrolled proof-of-concept study to evaluate the effect of infusions with a human apoA-I-containing HDL-mimetic particle (CER-001) on RCT and the arterial vessel wall in FHA. Subjects received 20 infusions of CER-001 (8 mg/kg) during 6 months. Efficacy was assessed by measuring (apo)lipoproteins, plasma-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux, fecal sterol excretion (FSE), and carotid artery wall dimension by MRI and artery wall inflammation by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans. We included seven FHA patients: HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), 13.8 [1.8-29.1] mg/dl; apoA-I, 28.7 [7.9-59.1] mg/dl. Following nine infusions in 1 month, apoA-I and HDL-c increased directly after infusion by 27.0 and 16.1 mg/dl (P = 0.018). CER-001 induced a 44% relative increase (P = 0.018) in in vitro cellular cholesterol efflux with a trend toward increased FSE (P = 0.068). After nine infusions of CER-001, carotid mean vessel wall area decreased compared with baseline from 25.0 to 22.8 mm(2) (P = 0.043) and target-to-background ratio from 2.04 to 1.81 (P = 0.046). In FHA-subjects, CER-001 stimulates cholesterol mobilization and reduces artery wall dimension and inflammation, supporting further evaluation of CER-001 in FHA patients. Copyright © 2015 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Holve, Erin; Segal, Courtney; Hamilton Lopez, Marianne
2012-07-01
The Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum brings together perspectives from the Prospective Outcome Systems using Patient-specific Electronic data to Compare Tests and therapies (PROSPECT) studies, the Scalable Distributed Research Networks, and the Enhanced Registries projects. This paper discusses challenges faced by the research teams as part of their efforts to develop electronic clinical data (ECD) infrastructure to support comparative effectiveness research (CER). The findings reflect a set of opportunities for transdisciplinary learning, and will ideally enhance the transparency and generalizability of CER using ECD. Findings are based on 6 exploratory site visits conducted under naturalistic inquiry in the spring of 2011. Themes, challenges, and innovations were identified in the visit summaries through coding, keyword searches, and review for complex concepts. : The identified overarching challenges and emerging opportunities include: the substantial level of effort to establish and sustain data sharing partnerships; the importance of understanding the strengths and limitations of clinical informatics tools, platforms, and models that have emerged to enable research with ECD; the need for rigorous methods to assess data validity, quality, and context for multisite studies; and, emerging opportunities to achieve meaningful patient and consumer engagement and work collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams. The new infrastructure must evolve to serve a diverse set of potential users and must scale to address a range of CER or patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) questions. To achieve this aim-to improve the quality, transparency, and reproducibility of CER and PCOR-a high level of collaboration and support is necessary to foster partnership and best practices as part of the EDM Forum.
Ogunyemi, Omolola I; Meeker, Daniella; Kim, Hyeon-Eui; Ashish, Naveen; Farzaneh, Seena; Boxwala, Aziz
2013-08-01
The need for a common format for electronic exchange of clinical data prompted federal endorsement of applicable standards. However, despite obvious similarities, a consensus standard has not yet been selected in the comparative effectiveness research (CER) community. Using qualitative metrics for data retrieval and information loss across a variety of CER topic areas, we compare several existing models from a representative sample of organizations associated with clinical research: the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP), Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group, the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, and the US Food and Drug Administration. While the models examined captured a majority of the data elements that are useful for CER studies, data elements related to insurance benefit design and plans were most detailed in OMOP's CDM version 4.0. Standardized vocabularies that facilitate semantic interoperability were included in the OMOP and US Food and Drug Administration Mini-Sentinel data models, but are left to the discretion of the end-user in Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group and Analysis Data Model, limiting reuse opportunities. Among the challenges we encountered was the need to model data specific to a local setting. This was handled by extending the standard data models. We found that the Common Data Model from the OMOP met the broadest complement of CER objectives. Minimal information loss occurred in mapping data from institution-specific data warehouses onto the data models from the standards we assessed. However, to support certain scenarios, we found a need to enhance existing data dictionaries with local, institution-specific information.
Cao, Yueyu; Qiao, Jing; Lin, Zhen; Zabaleta, Jovanny; Dai, Lu; Qin, Zhiqiang
2017-02-28
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and highly aggressive B-cell malignancy with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, while lack of effective therapies. Our recent data indicated that targeting the sphingolipid metabolism by either sphingosine kinase inhibitor or exogenous ceramide species induces PEL cell apoptosis and suppresses tumor progression in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms for these exogenous ceramides "killing" PEL cells remain largely unknown. Based on the microarray analysis, we found that exogenous dhC16-Cer treatment affected the expression of many cellular genes with important functions within PEL cells such as regulation of cell cycle, cell survival/proliferation, and apoptosis/anti-apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that a subset of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) was up-regulated from dhC16-Cer treated PEL cells. One of these elevated TSGs, Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was required for dhC16-Cer induced PEL cell cycle arrest. Moreover, dhC16-Cer up-regulation of THBS1 was through the suppression of multiple KSHV microRNAs expression. Our data demonstrate that exogenous ceramides display anti-cancer activities for PEL through regulation of both host and oncogenic virus factors.
Filtros cerámicos, una alternativa de agua segura
Lerma Arias, Daniel Alberto
2012-01-01
Ante las bajas coberturas de acueducto y alcantarillado en la zona rural de Colombia y los altos costos de implementación de sistemas de potabilización y distribución convencionales es importante evaluar la viabilidad técnica y económica de sistemas alternativos de tratamiento de agua potable al alcance de comunidades rurales y de bajos recursos; por tanto se analiza una tecnología alternativa que aun no ha sido probada en Colombia como son los filtros cerámicos impregnados con plata coloidal...
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Voyles, J. W. [DOE ARM Climate Research Facility, Washington, DC (United States); Chapman, L. A. [DOE ARM Climate Research Facility, Washington, DC (United States)
2015-12-01
This document establishes a common set of guidelines for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility for planning, executing, and closing out field campaigns. The steps that guide individual field campaigns are described in the Field Campaign Tracking System and are specifically tailored to meet the scope of each field campaign.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Clovis Pagani
2003-03-01
Full Text Available Embora as cerâmicas possuam alta resistência à compressão, apresentam friabilidade devido à sua baixa resistência à tração e, desta forma, possuem menor capacidade de absorver impactos. Este trabalho avaliou a tenacidade à fratura de diferentes sistemas cerâmicos, que refere-se à medida da habilidade de absorção da energia de deformação de um material friável. Foram confeccionados 30 corpos-de-prova em forma de discos (5mmx3mm utilizando-se três diferentes materiais cerâmicos, os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos: G1-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica Vitadur Alpha (Vita-Zahnfabrik; G2-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar-Vivadent e G3-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica In-Ceram Alumina (Vita-Zahnfabrik. Para a obtenção dos valores de tenacidade foi utilizada a técnica da indentação que se baseia na série de fissuras que se formam sob uma carga pesada. Foram realizadas 4 impressões por amostra, utilizado um microdurômetro (Digital Microhardness Tester FM com uma carga de 500gf, durante 10 segundos. A análise estatística dos dados (Testes ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn, indica que a cerâmica In-Ceram Alumina apresentou valor mediano (2,96N/m3/2, estatisticamente diferente do apresentado pela IPS Empress 2 (1,05N/m3/2, enquanto que a cerâmica Vitadur Alpha apresentou valores intermediários (2,08N/m3/2, sem diferenças estatísticas dos outros dois materiais. Conclui-se que as cerâmicas apresentam diferentes desempenhos de tenacidade à fratura, sendo a In-Ceram capaz de absorver maior energia comparada a Vitadur Alpha e ao IPS Empress2.Although ceramics present high compressive strength, they are brittle materials due to their low tensile strength so they have lower capacity to absorb shocks. This study evaluated the fracture toughness of different ceramic systems, which refers to the ability of a friable material to absorb defformation energy. Three ceramic systems were
Kootte, Ruud S.; Smits, Loek P.; van der Valk, Fleur M.; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Keyserling, Constance H.; Barbaras, Ronald; Paolini, John F.; Santos, Raul D.; van Dijk, Theo H.; Dallinga-van Thie, Geesje M.; Nederveen, Aart J.; Mulder, Willem J. M.; Hovingh, G. Kees; Kastelein, John J. P.; Groen, Albert K.; Stroes, Erik S.
2015-01-01
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) contributes to the anti-atherogenic effects of HDL. Patients with the orphan disease, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA), are characterized by decreased tissue cholesterol removal and an increased atherogenic burden. We performed an open-label uncontrolled proof-of-concept study to evaluate the effect of infusions with a human apoA-I-containing HDL-mimetic particle (CER-001) on RCT and the arterial vessel wall in FHA. Subjects received 20 infusions of CER-001 (8 mg/kg) during 6 months. Efficacy was assessed by measuring (apo)lipoproteins, plasma-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux, fecal sterol excretion (FSE), and carotid artery wall dimension by MRI and artery wall inflammation by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans. We included seven FHA patients: HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), 13.8 [1.8–29.1] mg/dl; apoA-I, 28.7 [7.9–59.1] mg/dl. Following nine infusions in 1 month, apoA-I and HDL-c increased directly after infusion by 27.0 and 16.1 mg/dl (P = 0.018). CER-001 induced a 44% relative increase (P = 0.018) in in vitro cellular cholesterol efflux with a trend toward increased FSE (P = 0.068). After nine infusions of CER-001, carotid mean vessel wall area decreased compared with baseline from 25.0 to 22.8 mm2 (P = 0.043) and target-to-background ratio from 2.04 to 1.81 (P = 0.046). In FHA-subjects, CER-001 stimulates cholesterol mobilization and reduces artery wall dimension and inflammation, supporting further evaluation of CER-001 in FHA patients. PMID:25561459
Solar Energy Campaign. 2008 Norwegian student-based web campaign
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Randall, Scott
2009-07-01
Student research campaigns (forskningskampanjer) have been an annual event in connection to Research Days (Forskningsdagene) since 2003 in Norway. The campaigns invite students from all over the country to participate in a common scientific research event, always connected to a special environmentally related theme - for example Air Quality in the Classroom (2003), Pollution along Roads (2004), Bacteria in Drinking Water (2005), and The Rain Check (2006). The year 2008, as with previous years, was overshadowed by the topic of climate change, and the specific role of humans. The research campaign theme for 2008 fit well into this focus: the potential benefits of solar energy as an alternative energy source. The campaign also was aligned with the Research Days theme of alternative energy sources and technologies. The campaign included the hands-on activity of assembling a solar panel and taking measurements with the device to determine efficiency, as well as a questionnaire to record the results and ask deeper questions regarding alternative energy and climate change. The results gained from data analysis of the campaign show that students were able to gain maximum efficient solar power from the devices they constructed, which gave them a solid understanding of solar power technology. Analysis of the campaign questionnaire in regards to the activity shows that students believe that solar energy should be better utilized as an energy source in Norway. (Also in Norwegian OR 24/2009). (Author)
Reflexiones sobre el futuro de la Industria Europea de la Cerámica
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Criado, E.
2007-02-01
Full Text Available The European Union thorough the European Ceramic Industries association, CERAME-UNIE, elaborate since 2004 a sectorial diagnostic and the published draft (9-09-2006 was transcribed in the Boletin Sociedad Española Ceramica y Vidrio issue 1 of 2007. This draft is a preliminary document that consisted in an instrument to initiate the mandatory debate in order to confront the sector expectation in the conference of the Parliament an the European Union that will be held in 2008. On behalf of the importance of the Spain Ceramic industry with a turnover of 6.000 M€ in the context of 27.000 M€ of the total of the European Ceramic industries, and due to the relevance of such spanish turnover on the Gross Domestic Product, it must necessary to analyze their own future strategy.
La Unión Europea, a través de la asociación europea de fabricantes de cerámica CERAME-UNIE, lleva elaborando desde 2004 un diagnostico del sector, cuyo borrador (26-0/9-2006 se publica en el número 1 del año 2007 del Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. Este borrador es un documento muy preliminar, pero en todo caso va a permitir disponer de un instrumento para un debate necesario, que afrontará las perspectivas del sector ante la conferencia que tendrá lugar en el 2008, organizada por el Parlamento y la Comisión Europea. Dado el elevado peso de la industria cerámica española en el contexto europeo, 6.000 M€ sobre un total de 27. 000 M€, y la importancia de su aportación al Producto Interior Bruto nacional, sería conveniente que el entorno productivo aproveche la oportunidad para analizar la estrategia de futuro.
Tendencias en el conformado de suspensiones cerámicas
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Moreno, R.
2000-10-01
Full Text Available Colloidal processing of ceramics allows to improve the final properties of the products by reducing the number and size of defects, enhancing the reproducibility of the process. This needs on one hand an adequate knowledge of colloidal and rheological parameters that control the stability of the suspension and, on the other hand, the control of the specific parameters of each forming technique. Slip casting has been widely used in the industry due to its high versatility, the low cost and the high uniformity in the so cast bodies. However, the industrial development needs the search of new forming techniques capable to combine the advantages of casting processes (as the possibility to obtain near-net shaped parts where machining is reduced or even avoided with those of other processes (such as pressing mainly related to the reduction of the fabrication cycle and the possibility of automation. All this has favoured the development of new forming techniques where a proper manipulation of the colloidal properties of a slip makes possible to obtain near-net shaped parts. This work shows the basis of such processes and discusses the actual tendencies in colloidal forming of ceramics.
El procesamiento coloidal de materiales cerámicos permite mejorar las propiedades finales de los productos, reduciendo el número y tamaño de los defectos, y aumentando la reproducibilidad del proceso. Esto exige, por una parte, el adecuado conocimiento de los parámetros coloidequímicos y reológicos que rigen la estabilidad de la suspensión y, por otra, el control de las variables específicas de cada proceso de conformado. La técnica de colaje se ha utilizado tradicionalmente en la industria, dada su gran versatilidad, su bajo costo y la elevada uniformidad de las piezas así obtenidas. Sin embargo, el desarrollo industrial impone la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas de conformado capaces de aunar las ventajas del colaje (como la posibilidad de obtener piezas
Campaigning on behalf of the party? Party constraints on candidate campaign personalisation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bøggild, Troels; Pedersen, Helene Helboe
2017-01-01
This article analyses what makes political candidates run a party-focused or personalised election campaign. Prior work shows that candidates face incentives from voters and the media to personalise their campaign rhetoric and promises at the expense of party policy. This has raised concerns about...... that party control over the candidate nomination process and campaign financing constrains most political candidates in following electoral incentives for campaign personalisation. Using candidate survey data from the 2009 EP election campaign in 27 countries, we show how candidates from parties in which...... party officials exerted greater control over the nomination process and campaign finances were less likely to engage in personalised campaigning at the expense of the party programme. The findings imply that most parties, as central gatekeepers and resource suppliers, hold important control mechanisms...
Feasibility study of the AOSTA experimental campaign
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Carta M.
2016-01-01
Full Text Available The reduction of the nuclear waste is one of the most important nuclear issues. The high radiotoxicity of the spent fuel is due to plutonium and some minor actinides (MAs such as neptunium, americium and curium, above all. One way to reduce their hazard is to destroy by fission MAs in appropriate nuclear reactors. To allow the MAs destruction an important effort have been done on the nuclear data due to the poor knowledge in this field. In the framework of one of the NEA Expert Group on Integral Experiments for Minor Actinide Management an analysis of the feasibility of MAs irradiation campaign in the TAPIRO fast research reactor is carried out. This paper provides preliminary results obtained by calculations modelling the irradiation, in different TAPIRO irradiation channels, of some CEA samples coming from the French experimental campaign OSMOSE, loaded with different contents of MAs, in order to access, through particular peak spectrometry, to their capture cross section. On the basis of neutron transport calculation results, obtained by both deterministic and Monte Carlo methods, an estimate of the irradiated samples counting levels from the AOSTA (Activation of OSMOSE Samples in TAPIRO experimental campaign is provided.
BIFF, Sergio
2015-01-01
O presente estudo teve como objetivo efetuar a caracterização química e física do resíduo sólido proveniente do processo de beneficiamento de areia industrial, areia esta destinada às indústrias cerâmicas, vidro e de fundição. Adicionalmente foi avaliado o potencial uso do resíduo na indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos em substituição às matérias-primas convencionalmente utilizadas na composição das massas cerâmicas. O resíduo sólido, objeto deste estudo foi gerado pelo processo de ben...
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Martínez-Fernández, J.
2001-04-01
Full Text Available Environment conscious ceramics (ecoceramics are a new class of ceramic materials fabricated from natural wood (a renewable source. The affordable, net shape ceramics are fabricated by pyrolysis and molten silicon infiltration of wood preforms. The resulting materials have complex microstructure and multifunctional properties. The microstructure before and after high temperature plastic deformation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. These ceramics present regions of silicon and silicon carbide that follow the fibrous microstructure of the wood selected, resulting in a structure that resembles a continuos fiber composite. This structure results in very good mechanical properties as the evolutionary process has perfected it.
Las cerámicas respetuosas con el medio ambiente (ecocerámicas son una nueva clase de materiales cerámicos fabricados a partir de madera natural (un recurso renovable. Estas cerámicas se fabrican mediante la pirólisis de la preforma de madera e infiltración de silicio líquido en esta, proceso de bajo coste y con poco cambio de forma. El material resultante tiene una microestructura compleja y propiedades multifuncionales. La microestructura antes y después de la deformación plástica a alta temperatura se estudió mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido. Estas cerámicas presentan regiones de silicio y de carburo de silicio que mantienen la microestructura fibrosa de la madera seleccionada, similar a la de un material compuesto de fibra continua. Esta estructura ha resultado poseer unas muy buenas propiedades mecánicas a la compresión en caliente, en la dirección de las fibras, ya que el proceso evolutivo la ha perfeccionado.
Análise quantitativa e qualitativa da degradação das fachadas com revestimento cerâmico
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C. P. Pacheco
Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo teve por objetivo mostrar a aplicação de uma metodologia para inspeção de fachadas em edifícios, baseada em modelos pré-estruturados. Foram vistoriados três prédios com revestimento externo em cerâmica, totalizando 4958 m2 de área de fachada inspecionada. Mediante a inspeção visual, realizou-se o levantamento das áreas das manifestações patológicas por região e orientação cardeal da fachada e definiram-se os níveis de degradação. Foram realizados testes de percussão nas fachadas e ensaios de absorção de água e expansão por umidade nas placas cerâmicas. Como complemento, levantaram-se as informações referentes aos edifícios por meio de entrevistas e análises de projetos. Foi elaborada a matriz de correlação anomalias versus causas, que permitiu avaliar a origem dos danos. As anomalias com maior ocorrência nos edifícios foram as manchas e sujeiras e a deterioração nos rejuntes. Constatou-se a influência da cor das cerâmicas e da posição das fachadas no desplacamento. Com base nos ensaios de absorção de água, verificou-se que dois edifícios apresentaram cerâmicas com alto índice de absorção e a análise das regiões de fachadas mostrou que a ausência de juntas foi uma das causas do desplacamento em paredes contínuas e na transição entre pavimentos.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. V. Gelfuso
2007-09-01
Full Text Available Cerâmicas de titanato e zirconato de chumbo dopadas com neodímio foram sinterizadas em um forno de microondas de uso doméstico modificado. Neste tipo de aquecimento, a energia eletromagnética é transferida diretamente para o material, sendo convertida em calor pelo material cerâmico, reduzindo o tempo e energia durante o processamento. Desta forma, foram produzidos corpos cerâmicos com tempo de sinterização que variou até 30 min, a 1100 e 1200 ºC. As fases foram investigadas por meio de difratometria de raios X. Corpos cerâmicos com densidade de 95% da teórica foram obtidos com tempo de sinterização de 10 min em 1100 ºC, com uma taxa de aquecimento de 400 ºC/min. Para as cerâmicas com densidade superior a 90% da teórica foram medidos os valores de constante dielétrica e fator de perda.Ferroelectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate doped with neodymium were sintered using a modified microwave oven. In this process the energy is transferred directly to the material through the interaction between molecules of the material with the electromagnetic field. The microwave sintering process has an advantage to reduce the time and save energy. This type of process involves energy conversion, opposing to heat transfer. Ceramic parts were produced by thermal treatments at 1100 ºC and 1200 ºC up to 30 min. The formed crystalline phases were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Ceramic parts with densities above 95% of the theoretical density were produced in 10 min by heating at 1100 ºC, with heating rate of 400 ºC/min. Values of dielectric constant and loss factor of ceramics with density above 90%T.D. were determined.
Arcillas cerámicas: una revisión de sus distintos tipos, significados y aplicaciones
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Díaz Rodríguez, L. A.
2002-10-01
Full Text Available Clay is a word which has many meanings depending on the use to which it is put. However, it is in the ceramic field where the application of clay began and so it is here where this work will try to find a definition and establish a classification based on ceramic-geological criteria. The different kinds of clays found in Nature and their mineralogy are discussed in detail. Their properties and main uses are pointed out and finally the geographical and geological distribution of Spanish clays which have ceramic applications is presented.
La palabra arcilla posee un significado muy distinto según sea el ámbito industrial o científico de su utilización. Aunque hoy en día las aplicaciones de las materias primas arcillosas son muy variadas, es en el ámbito cerámico donde reside el primer origen de su consumo. Por tanto, es aquí donde se ha centrado este trabajo para exponer, en primer lugar, una definición del concepto arcilla y, con posterioridad, establecer una clasificación de las arcillas según criterios cerámico-geológicos. Se describen los distintos tipos existentes en la Naturaleza y se hace mención a su mineralogía, propiedades en general y usos principales. Finalmente, se exponen las arcillas españolas de aplicación cerámica, y su distribución dentro del territorio español.
Immunization campaigns and political agendas: retrospective from Ecuador and El Salvador.
Gloyd, Stephen; Suarez Torres, Jose; Mercer, Mary Anne
2003-01-01
Since the mid-1980s international donors have promoted vertical, campaign-based strategies to help improve immunization coverage in poor countries. National immunization days (NIDs) are currently in vogue and are prominent in the worldwide polio eradication efforts. In spite of their widespread use, campaigns that include NIDs have not been well evaluated for their effects on coverage, reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases, or effects on the health system. An assessment of the results of two such campaigns implemented in Ecuador and El Salvador shows limited impact on short-term coverage and questionable effects on long-term coverage and disease incidence. Although NIDs may have substantial short-term political benefits, the vertical approach can undermine provision of routine services by ministries of health and may be counterproductive in the long-term.
Sterk, Steve; Chesley, Stephan
2008-01-01
The upcoming retirement of the Baby Boomers will leave a workforce age gap between the younger generation (the future NASA decision makers) and the gray beards. This paper will reflect on the average age of the workforce across NASA Centers, the Aerospace Industry and other Government Agencies, like DoD. This paper will dig into Productivity and Realization Factors and how they get applied to bi-monthly (payroll) data for true full-time equivalent (FTE) calculations that could be used at each of the NASA Centers and other business systems that are on the forefront in being implemented. This paper offers some comparative costs analysis/solutions, from simple FTE cost-estimating relationships (CERs) versus CERs for monthly time-phasing activities for small research projects that start and get completed within a government fiscal year. This paper will present the results of a parametric study investigating the cost-effectiveness of alternative performance-based CERs and how they get applied into the Center's forward pricing rate proposals (FPRP). True CERs based on the relationship of a younger aged workforce will have some effects on labor rates used in both commercial cost models and other internal home-grown cost models which may impact the productivity factors for future NASA missions.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Trezza, M.A.; Zito, S.; Tironi, A.; Irassar, E.F.; Rahhal, V.F.
2017-07-01
Demolition ceramic wastes (DCWs) were investigated in order to determine their potential use as supplementary cementitious materials in Portland Blended Cements (PBCs). For this purpose, three ceramic wastes were investigated. After characterization of the materials used, the effect of ceramic waste replacement (8, 24 and 40% by mass) was analyzed. Pozzolanic activity, hydration progress, workability and compressive strength were determined at 2, 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the ground wastes behave as filler at an early age, but as hydration progresses, the pozzolanic activity of ceramic waste contributes to the strength requirement. [Spanish] Se estudiaron residuos cerámicos de demolición (DCWs) a fin de determinar su potencial uso como materiales cementicios suplementarios en cementos mezcla (PBC). Para este propósito, se investigaron tres residuos cerámicos. Luego de la caracterización de los materiales a utilizar, se analizó el efecto del reemplazo por residuos cerámico (8, 24 y 40% en peso). Se estudió la actividad puzolánica, el progreso de la hidratación, la trabajabilidad y la resistencia a compresión a 2, 7 y 28 días. Los resultados mostraron que los residuos molidos se comportaron como fillers a edades tempranas, pero con el progreso de la hidratación, la actividad puzolánica de los residuos cerámicos contribuye a los requerimientos de resistencia.
Florida's "truth" campaign: a counter-marketing, anti-tobacco media campaign.
Zucker, D; Hopkins, R S; Sly, D F; Urich, J; Kershaw, J M; Solari, S
2000-05-01
The "truth" campaign was created to change youth attitudes about tobacco and to reduce teen tobacco use throughout Florida by using youth-driven advertising, public relations, and advocacy. Results of the campaign include a 92 percent brand awareness rate among teens, a 15 percent rise in teens who agree with key attitudinal statements about smoking, a 19.4 percent decline in smoking among middle school students, and a 8.0 percent decline among high school students. States committed to results-oriented youth anti-tobacco campaigns should look to Florida's "truth" campaign as a model that effectively places youth at the helm of anti-tobacco efforts.
Bayley, K Bruce; Belnap, Tom; Savitz, Lucy; Masica, Andrew L; Shah, Nilay; Fleming, Neil S
2013-08-01
To document the strengths and challenges of using electronic health records (EHRs) for comparative effectiveness research (CER). A replicated case study of comparative effectiveness in hypertension treatment was conducted across 4 health systems, with instructions to extract data and document problems encountered using a specified list of required data elements. Researchers at each health system documented successes and challenges, and suggested solutions for addressing challenges. Data challenges fell into 5 categories: missing data, erroneous data, uninterpretable data, inconsistencies among providers and over time, and data stored in noncoded text notes. Suggested strategies to address these issues include data validation steps, use of surrogate markers, natural language processing, and statistical techniques. A number of EHR issues can hamper the extraction of valid data for cross-health system comparative effectiveness studies. Our case example cautions against a blind reliance on EHR data as a single definitive data source. Nevertheless, EHR data are superior to administrative or claims data alone, and are cheaper and timelier than clinical trials or manual chart reviews. All 4 participating health systems are pursuing pathways to more effectively use EHR data for CER.A partnership between clinicians, researchers, and information technology specialists is encouraged as a way to capitalize on the wealth of information contained in the EHR. Future developments in both technology and care delivery hold promise for improvement in the ability to use EHR data for CER.
Processamento de telhas cerâmicas por compactação de pós e queima em forno a rolo
Neckel Junior, Lourenço
2008-01-01
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento do processamento de telhas cerâmicas por compactação de pós e queima em forno a rolos. O trabalho está dividido em etapas: o estudo laboratorial de duas argilas - já previamente utilizadas em indústrias cerâmicas - buscando selecionar a argila e as condições otimizadas de processamento, onde foi i...
Descolagem de um revestimento cerâmico em fachada
Pinheiro, Daniel da Silva; Bragança, L.; Aguiar, J. L. Barroso de
2006-01-01
A capacidade de um revestimento cerâmico resistir à descolagem depende da correcta selecção do produto de colagem e do método de colagem. Estes devem ser adequados à intensidade das acções previstas, ao tipo de utilização do revestimento, às características do suporte e ao tipo de revestimento. Uma cuidada concepção do revestimento e a selecção do produto de colagem adequado para cada situação não garante por si só a eficiência da colagem sendo necessário que essas precauções sejam acompan...
Bedregal, Patricia; Mendoza, Pablo; Ubillús, Marco; Montoya, Eduardo
2010-01-01
Se ha determinado las concentraciones de As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th, Yb, en 121 fragmentos de cerámicos arqueológicos encontrados en el valle de Cotahuasi, mediante análisis por activación neutrónica instrumental, según el método k-subcero. Se ha comparado los resultados con la composición química elemental de la cerámica Tiwanaku y la cerámica Wari de Ayacucho y Cusco, encontrándose que los grupos de Ayacucho, Cotahuasi, Cusco y Tiwanaku se encuentran sepa...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
García, E.
2003-10-01
Full Text Available The extended use of natural gas for domestic applications is spurring the continuous improvement in the gas boiler technology. Thus, compact boilers that are able to work in a wider power range, in order to satisfy the exact energy requirements of the users, are a common goal. This requires the development of gas burners capable of working in radiant mode for increasing the combustion efficiency besides reducing the emissions of hazardous gases. The ceramic materials are strong candidates for this application. They have the properties required for working in the severe conditions associated with the combustion of gases, i.e. high temperatures and the presence of corrosive chemical species. These work conditions produce a slow but continuous degradation of their properties and the ultimate burner failure. This paper discusses the different types of ceramic gas burners available, their working requirements, modes of operation and the possible degradation mechanisms.
El creciente uso del gas natural, como fuente de energía térmica en aplicaciones domésticas, está produciendo una continua evolución en la tecnología de este tipo de calderas. Estas son cada vez más compactas y capaces de trabajar en un mayor rango de potencias caloríficas, para satisfacer las demandas de energía requeridas, en cada momento, por los usuarios. Para ello, deben estar provistas con quemadores que puedan funcionar intermitentemente en modo radiante, lo que permite un aumento en la eficiencia del proceso de combustión y, además, una reducción en la emisión de gases nocivos. Los materiales cerámicos son unos buenos candidatos para fabricar estas placas radiantes de los nuevos quemadores de gas. En general, estos materiales poseen las propiedades adecuadas para funcionar en las severas condiciones que se producen en la combustión, caracterizadas por las altas temperaturas y la presencia de especies químicas corrosivas. Estas condiciones de trabajo
Shirreff, George; Wadood, Mufti Zubair; Vaz, Rui Gama; Sutter, Roland W; Grassly, Nicholas C
2017-02-01
In 2014, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) campaigns were implemented in Nigeria and Pakistan after clinical trials showed that IPV boosts intestinal immunity in children previously given oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). We estimated the effect of these campaigns by using surveillance data collected during January 2014-April 2016. In Nigeria, campaigns with IPV and trivalent OPV (tOPV) substantially reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis caused by circulating serotype-2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.17 for 90 days after vs. 90 days before campaigns, 95% CI 0.04-0.78) and the prevalence of virus in environmental samples (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.16, 95% CI 0.02-1.33). Campaigns with tOPV alone resulted in similar reductions (IRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.18-1.97; PR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.95). In Pakistan, the effect of IPV+tOPV campaigns on wild-type poliovirus was not significant. Results suggest that administration of IPV alongside OPV can decrease poliovirus transmission if high vaccine coverage is achieved.
Planossolos e Gleissolos Utilizados na Fabricação de Cerâmica Artesanal no Semiárido de Minas Gerais
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Diana Ferreira de Freitas
2015-06-01
Full Text Available O conhecimento etnopedológico tem fornecido informações importantes sobre o modo de vida das populações rurais a respeito de suas tradições ancestrais, como a arte de elaborar peças artesanais a partir do barro advindo de solos com características próprias a esse uso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar física, química e mineralogicamente Planossolos e Gleissolos explorados para a produção de artefatos de cerâmica artesanal em Minas Gerais. Nos barreiros, foram coletados dois perfis de Planossolos (P1 e P2 e um Gleissolo (P3 usados como matéria-prima na produção artesanal de cerâmica. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas, limites de liquidez (LL e plasticidade (LP, índice de plasticidade (IP e de atividade coloidal (IA, além da mineralogia da fração argila. Os horizontes selecionados pelos ceramistas para a fabricação de cerâmica artesanal (BA, Btg e BCg, do P1; Btg1 e Btg2, do P2; e C2g e C3g, do P3 apresentaram os maiores teores de argila e silte, IP e IA, importantes para a qualidade final da cerâmica. O horizonte Cg do perfil P1 possui potencial de ser utilizado para a produção artesanal, em virtude do seu IP, superior aos dos horizontes normalmente usados, além dos teores de argila, silte e areia fina e suas características mineralógicas. A proporção ideal das frações areia, silte e argila e a porcentagem de matéria orgânica na definição de um bom material para cerâmica são difíceis de estabelecer e variam principalmente em razão de aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da argila nos solos.
Caracterización cerámica de los sedimentos de la Albufera de Valencia
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Vicente, M.
2003-06-01
Full Text Available The Albufera is recognised as Natural Park by Generalitat Valenciana decree of 8´th July 1989 and is listed on the wet areas of international importance of the Ramsar Conference since 8´th May 1990. Batimetry studies show the gradual full up of the lake. If the stuffing and pollution process persist, lamentably, in order to preserve the lake identity it will be necessary to extract the sediments which must be environmental adequately managed. In this study the ceramic characteristics of the Albufera of Valencia sediments have been analysed in order to know the possibility of their use as ceramic raw material or as additive to ceramic stoneware of the valencian tile industry.
El lago de la Albufera es Parque Natural por decreto de 8 de Julio de 1989 de la Generalitat Valenciana y está desde el 8 de Mayo de 1990 en el listado de Zonas Húmedas de importancia internacional de la Conferencia de Ramsar. Los estudios de batimetría del lago indican que el lago continúa su proceso lento de colmatación, Si el proceso de colmatación y contaminación persevera o se inducen severas contaminaciones locales por vertidos, es posible que lamentablemente, para preservar la identidad del sistema, sea necesario dragar el lago de forma selectiva y cuidadosa siendo necesario dar un fin último a los fangos obtenidos. En este estudio se analizan las características de los sedimentos de la Albufera de Valencia desde el punto de vista cerámico, con el fin de Conocer las posibles utilizaciones de los mismos para la producción de algún tipo de cerámica o como componentes de adición a pastas cerámicas de la industria azulejera Valenciana.
Simulación y optimización de un horno cerámico monocapa
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Uche, J.
2001-10-01
Full Text Available Mathematical model of a single-deck roller kiln, developing the complex heat transfer modes acting inside the kiln, is made using a computer program. Design parameters, as well as types of tiles and gas consumption can be introduced in the program, in order to study the parametric optimisation of the model. Global results of the simulations have a good agreement with the data obtained from the ceramic industries.
La modelización matemática de un horno cerámico monocapa de rodillos, desarrollando los complejos modos de transmisión de calor existentes, se ha realizado con la ayuda de un programa informático. Con el desarrollo de diferentes parámetros de diseño, así como diferentes pastas cerámicas y diferentes composiciones de gas pueden ser introducidas en dicho programa, para estudiar la correspondiente optimización paramétrica del horno. Los resultados globales de las simulaciones están en acuerdo con los datos de consumo específicos aportados por la industria azulejera.
Evaluation of a brief anti-stigma campaign in Cambridge: do short-term campaigns work?
Evans-Lacko, Sara; London, Jillian; Little, Kirsty; Henderson, Claire; Thornicroft, Graham
2010-06-14
In view of the high costs of mass-media campaigns, it is important to understand whether it is possible for a media campaign to have significant population effects over a short period of time. This paper explores this question specifically in reference to stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems using the Time to Change Cambridge anti-stigma campaign as an example. 410 face-to-face interviews were performed pre, during and post campaign activity to assess campaign awareness and mental health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Although campaign awareness was not sustained following campaign activity, significant and sustained shifts occurred for mental health-related knowledge items. Specifically, there was a 24% (p mental health problem, I know what advice to give them to get professional help, following the campaign. Additionally, for the statement: Medication can be an effective treatment for people with mental health problems, there was a 10% rise (p = 0.05) in the proportion of interviewees responding 'agree' or 'strongly agree' following the campaign. These changes, however, were not evident for attitudinal or behaviour related questions. Although these results only reflect the impact of one small scale campaign, these preliminary findings suggest several considerations for mass-media campaign development and evaluation strategies such as: (1) Aiming to influence outcomes pertaining to knowledge in the short term; (2) Planning realistic and targeted outcomes over the short, medium and long term during sustained campaigns; and (3) Monitoring indirect campaign effects such as social discourse or other social networking/contact in the evaluation.
'Heat Market Campaign' of the German coal mining industry
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dach, G.
1983-12-22
The ''Heat Market Campaign'', presented in June '83 by experts of all fields of coal mining, investigates the possibilities of coal sales promotion. The article reviews the main data of the heat market and discusses the ''Heat Market Campaign'' under the aspects of coal policy and energy policy. The campaign was started with the objectives of energy supply assurance in the Federal Republic of Germany, energy cost reduction on the consumer side, and stabilisation and development of coal markets not affected by the steel crisis. Sales goald on the household, trade and industrial sector are quantified, and obstacles preventing further expansion of the heat market are discussed. Apart from the mining industry's marketing concept for the heat market, there is also the possibility of receiving financial aid by the Federal government.
Safety campaigns. TIS Launches New Safety Information Campaign
2001-01-01
Need to start a new installation and worried about safety aspects? Or are you newly responsible for safety matters in a CERN building? Perhaps you're simply interested in how to make the working environment safer for yourself and your colleagues. Whatever the case, a new information campaign launched by TIS this week can help. The most visible aspects of the new campaign will be posters distributed around the Laboratory treating a different subject each month. The Web site - http://safety.cern.ch/ - which provides all safety related information. But these are not the only aspects of the new campaign. Members of the TIS/GS group, whose contact details can be found on the safety web site, are available to give information and advice on a one-to-one basis at any time. The campaign's launch has been timed to coincide with European Safety Week, organized by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work and the subject treated in the first posters is safety inspection. This particular topic only concerns thos...
Sterk, Steve; Chesley, Stephen
2008-01-01
The upcoming retirement of the Baby Boomers on the horizon will leave a performance gap between younger generation (the future NASA decision makers) and the gray beards. This paper will reflect on the average age of workforce across NASA Centers, the Aerospace Industry and other Government Agencies, like DoD. This papers will dig into Productivity and Realization Factors and how they get applied to bimonthly (payroll data) for true FTE calculations that could be used at each of the NASA Centers and other business systems that are on the forefront in being implemented. This paper offers some comparative costs solutions, from simple - full time equivalent (FTE) cost estimating relationships CERs, to complex - CERs for monthly time-phasing activities for small research projects that start and get completed within a government fiscal year. This paper will present the results of a parametric study investigating the cost-effectiveness of different alternatives performance based cost estimating relationships (CERs) and how they get applied into the Center s forward pricing rate proposals (FPRP). True CERs based on the relationship of a younger aged workforce will have some effects on labor rates used in both commercial cost models and internal home-grown cost models which may impact the productivity factors for future NASA missions.
Ionoluminiscencia de silicatos de utilización en cerámica a temperaturas criogenicas
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García-Guinea, J.
2004-10-01
Full Text Available Requirements on accurate physical properties need new characterization techniques for structural defects. The use of light ions such as H+ and He+ with MeV energies allows penetration to a depth of several microns in most materials producing strong luminescence to gain information on the defect structures present. Examples of ionoluminescence spectra of silicates for ceramic uses are included such as Mn2+-Fe3+ coupled pairs in quartz, Dy3+ in zircon, hatch-twinning in microcline and spontaneous strain and sodium in albite. In cryogenic thermal conditions tectosilicates display both, reorganization of Mn2+ and Fe3+ centres plus a large enlargement of the UV-blue emissions by stress mechanisms. Nesosilicates, i.e., zircon, shows differences such as existence of REE and (Dy3+ and a selective reduction of some UV-blue peaks, e.g., at 340 and 400 nm.
El requerimiento de propiedades físicas muy controladas en los nuevos materiales cerámicos precisa de nuevas técnicas de caracterización de defectos estructurales. Al incidir sobre un material un flujo de iones ligeros, como 1 1H+, 2 1H+, 3 2He+ y 4 2He+, acelerados a energías de MeV, estos iones pueden penetrar varias micras en muchos materiales emitiendo un fuerte espectro luminiscente con mucha información sobre defectos estructurales. Se presentan algunos ejemplos de espectros de ionoluminiscencia de silicatos de uso cerámico con diferentes tipos de defectos como Mn2+, Fe3+, Ti4+ en cuarzo, Dy3+ en circón, maclados tartán en microclina y estrés espontáneo y potasio en albita. En tectosilicatos a temperaturas criogénicas se aprecia una reorganización del par Mn2+ y Fe3+ mas un crecimiento de las emisiones espectrales ultravioleta-azules atribuibles a mecanismos de estrés en redes silicatadas. En nesosilicatos (circón se observan diferencias como presencia de tierras raras (Dy3+ y reducción selectiva de algunos picos ultravioleta-azules (340 y 400 nm.
A systematic review of universal campaigns targeting child physical abuse prevention.
Poole, Mary Kathryn; Seal, David W; Taylor, Catherine A
2014-06-01
The purpose of this review was to better understand the impact of universal campaign interventions with a media component aimed at preventing child physical abuse (CPA). The review included 17 studies featuring 15 campaigns conducted from 1989 to 2011 in five countries. Seven studies used experimental designs, but most were quasi-experimental. CPA incidence was assessed in only three studies and decreased significantly in two. Studies also found significant reductions in relevant outcomes such as dysfunctional parenting, child problem behaviors and parental anger as well as increases in parental self-efficacy and knowledge of concepts and actions relevant to preventing child abuse. The following risk factors were most frequently targeted in campaigns: lack of knowledge regarding positive parenting techniques, parental impulsivity, the stigma of asking for help, inadequate social support and inappropriate expectations for a child's developmental stage. The evidence base for universal campaigns designed to prevent CPA remains inconclusive due to the limited availability of rigorous evaluations; however, Triple-P is a notable exception. Given the potential for such interventions to shift population norms relevant to CPA and reduce rates of CPA, there is a need to further develop and rigorously evaluate such campaigns. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Ortega F. S.
2000-01-01
Full Text Available A associação da técnica "gelcasting" com o processo de aeração de suspensões cerâmicas permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma nova classe de espumas cerâmicas com propriedades sem precedentes entre as cerâmicas porosas. Um dos pontos mais importantes deste processo é a reação de gelificação, a qual enrijece a suspensão após a produção de espuma. Recentemente, alguns sistemas de monômeros tais como acrilato de amônio, hidroximetil-acrilamida, ácido metacrílico, metacrilamida e metileno-bisacrilamida foram descritos na literatura como agentes capazes de gelificar suspensões cerâmicas. Neste trabalho, estes sistemas foram estudados considerando critérios exigidos no processamento de espumas cerâmicas, como tempo de reação, interferência sobre o mecanismo de dispersão e comportamento reológico da suspensão, influência sobre o volume de espuma produzido, e resistência mecânica a verde dos corpos obtidos. Estudou-se também um sistema alternativo, baseado na formação de ligações cruzadas entre moléculas de álcool polivinílico (PVAl, o qual, ao contrário dos demais sistemas, não é inibido pela presença de oxigênio. Os resultados permitem uma maior clareza na seleção de sistemas gelificantes visando a produção de espumas cerâmicas através de gelcasting.
Evaluation of a brief anti-stigma campaign in Cambridge: do short-term campaigns work?
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Henderson Claire
2010-06-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background In view of the high costs of mass-media campaigns, it is important to understand whether it is possible for a media campaign to have significant population effects over a short period of time. This paper explores this question specifically in reference to stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems using the Time to Change Cambridge anti-stigma campaign as an example. Methods 410 face-to-face interviews were performed pre, during and post campaign activity to assess campaign awareness and mental health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Results Although campaign awareness was not sustained following campaign activity, significant and sustained shifts occurred for mental health-related knowledge items. Specifically, there was a 24% (p If a friend had a mental health problem, I know what advice to give them to get professional help, following the campaign. Additionally, for the statement: Medication can be an effective treatment for people with mental health problems, there was a 10% rise (p = 0.05 in the proportion of interviewees responding 'agree' or 'strongly agree' following the campaign. These changes, however, were not evident for attitudinal or behaviour related questions. Conclusions Although these results only reflect the impact of one small scale campaign, these preliminary findings suggest several considerations for mass-media campaign development and evaluation strategies such as: (1 Aiming to influence outcomes pertaining to knowledge in the short term; (2 Planning realistic and targeted outcomes over the short, medium and long term during sustained campaigns; and (3 Monitoring indirect campaign effects such as social discourse or other social networking/contact in the evaluation.
Coordinated Field Campaigns in Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico
Mannino, Antonio; Novak, Michael; Tzortziou, Maria A.
2015-01-01
NASA's GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission concept recommended by the U.S. National Research Council (2007) focuses on measurements of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols and aquatic coastal ecology and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit (35,786 km altitude). Two GEO-CAPE-sponsored multi-investigator ship-based field campaigns were conducted to coincide with the NASA Earth Venture Suborbital project DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) field campaigns: (1) Chesapeake Bay in July 2011 and (2) northwestern Gulf of Mexico in September 2013. Goal: to evaluate whether GEO-CAPE coastal mission measurement and instrument requirements are optimized to address science objectives while minimizing ocean color satellite sensor complexity, size and cost - critical mission risk reduction activities. NASA continues to support science studies related to the analysis of data collected as part of these coordinated field campaigns and smaller efforts.
PERBANDINGAN IMPLEMENTASI ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN
Francisca Hanna , Febrianti
2013-01-01
Advertising campaign merupakan serangkaian bentuk iklan melalui berbagai media dan berpusat pada satu tema dalam satu waktu. Tujuan utama advertising campaign adalah menyampaikan pesan dalam suatu tema yang diluncurkan kepada masyarakat sehingga tema tersebut menjadi ciri khas produk. Peluncuran tema campaign oleh Coca Cola dan Pepsi yang merupakan rival dalam kategori beverage merupakan obyek dari penelitian ini. Kesuksesan sebuah tema advertising campaign dilihat dengan menggunakan paramet...
Caracterização tecnológica de cerâmica branca com adição de ossos bovinos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Karoline de Lourdes Monteiro Guimarães
2015-07-01
Full Text Available O descarte de resíduos sólidos é visto como um problema ambiental. À medida em que as cidades crescem e os processos produtivos avançam, é necessário buscar um destino adequado para o descarte ou outras alternativas, como o reaproveitamento em outros processos. É o caso dos ossos bovinos, que apresentam propriedades interessantes, podendo ser reaproveitados e incorporação a outros materiais, como na produção cerâmica. A adição de resíduos à massa cerâmica pode agregar benefícios ambientais, estéticos, econômicos e funcionais. Por isso, neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise das propriedades tecnológicas da cerâmica com adição de ossos bovinos. Os resultados mostram que a composição com 30% de resíduos apresentou os melhores resultados, seguidos das misturas com 35% e 55% de ossos. Conforme características, este material é indicado para uso em objetos planos e em utilitários domésticos, sobretudo quando a cor branca for inerente ao produto.
Innovadoras soluciones digitales para generar las nuevas tendencias de futuro en el sector cerámico
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Torrecid, Grupo
2013-04-01
Full Text Available This technical note contains the most significant aspects of the work “Innovative digital solutions to create the new future trends in the ceramic industry” in which the Group Torrecid won the “Alfa de Oro 2012” given by the Spanish Society of Ceramics and Glass. To achieve the stated objectives to work in different fields of activity for each specific glaze and ink has been necessary, comprising, among other, aspects such as the development of special frits, selecting the most suitable solvents or optimizing the compositions to ensure that the inks have appropriate behaviour in the printing process and met all the requirements of stability and quality that the ceramic industry demand.En la presente nota técnica se recoge los aspectos más significativos del trabajo “Innovadoras soluciones digitales para generar las nuevas tendencias de futuro en el sector cerámico” por el que el Grupo Torrecid obtuvo el Premio Alfa de Oro 2013 otorgado por la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados ha sido necesario trabajar en diferentes campos de actuación para cada esmalte y tinta en concreto, abarcando, entre otros, aspectos como el desarrollo de fritas especiales, la selección de los disolventes más adecuados o la optimización de las composiciones para conseguir que las tintas tuvieran un comportamiento adecuado en el proceso de impresión y cumplieran todos los requisitos de estabilidad y calidad que el sector cerámico demanda.
Materias primas no tradicionales en la industria cerámica
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Caligaris, R.
2000-10-01
Full Text Available The wastes incorporation to the production cycle is an interesting alternative in modern industry. This gives rise to not only an economical profit but to a considerable decrease in environmental impact. Studies made about recycling of several wastes: glass, electric insulators and fly ash are compared in this work. The materials were crushed and separated by particle size distribution in order to prepare representative samples. Different treatment steps were carried out as is usual in the process of ceramic industries. Some of the obtained powders were used without additives while other were mixed in different ratios with other ceramic components in order to improve their final properties. All the compacts, obtained by uniaxial pressing of the powders, received thermal treatments which were adequate to their compositions. They were then characterised by several techniques including dilatometry, X ray diffraction, porosity, microhardness, optical and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis (SEM/EDX. From this investigation it was concluded that the studied materials constitute a potential source of raw materials for the ceramic industry.
La incorporación de materiales de desecho en el ciclo productivo es una alternativa de interés en la industria moderna que conduce tanto a un beneficio económico como a una considerable reducción del impacto sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se comparan estudios realizados sobre la reutilización de diversos residuos: vidrio, aisladores eléctricos y cenizas volantes. Estos materiales fueron molidos y clasificados por tamaño de partículas para ser usados en la preparación de muestras representativas. Las diferentes etapas de tratamiento se establecieron según los procesos habituales de producción de la industria cerámica. Algunos de los polvos obtenidos se utilizaron sin aditivos, mientras que otros fueron mezclados en distintas proporciones con diversos componentes
Sánchez de Rojas, María Isabel; Frías, Moisés; Asensio, Eloy; Medina Martínez, César
2013-01-01
La presente invención describe un residuo cerámico obtenido a partir de residuos de construcción y demolición como componente puzolánico de cementos. Se presenta además un método de obtención de estos residuos cerámicos y otro procedimiento de fabricación de cementos utilizando estos residuos. Este tipo de residuos, son recogidos en plantas de reciclado, donde se realiza su gestión, con esta invención se podría facilitar una posible salida comercial....
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
von Wettstein, Penny
2017-01-01
The primary function of the outermost, lipophilic layer of plant aerial surfaces, called the cuticle, is preventing non-stomatal water loss. Its exterior surface is often decorated with wax crystals, imparting a blue-grey color. Identification of the barley Cer-c, -q and -u genes forming the 101 kb...... Cer-cqu gene cluster encoding a novel polyketide synthase-the β-diketone synthase (DKS), a lipase/carboxyl transferase, and a P450 hydroxylase, respectively, establishes a new, major pathway for the synthesis of plant waxes. The major product is a β-diketone (14,16-hentriacontane) aliphatic that forms...
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Alcebíades Negrão Macêdo
Full Text Available A utilização de novas técnicas de aproveitamento de resíduos tem-se tornado cada vez mais importante na construção civil, principalmente quando se trata da utilização de resíduos de outros segmentos industriais e da redução de consumo de matérias-primas naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização da lama vermelha, resíduo proveniente da produção de alumina metalúrgica, na produção de blocos cerâmicos vazados estruturais. A produção dos blocos foi realizada em uma indústria cerâmica, a partir de uma mistura de 60% de lama vermelha (LV e de 40% de argila. Após a produção dos blocos, realizaram-se ensaios de acordo com as normas técnicas, tais como absorção de água e compressão axial simples. A partir da análise dos resultados, observou-se que os blocos estruturais produzidos a partir da mistura de LV e argila atenderam aos parâmetros normativos quanto ao índice de absorção de água e de resistência à compressão, e que as resistências médias e características desses blocos foram superiores às dos blocos cerâmicos de referência.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Kasper Møller; Pedersen, Rasmus Tue
2014-01-01
and the external efficacy increase over the course of the campaign, with gains found across different demographic groups, particularly narrowing the gaps in internal efficacy. The news media play a crucial role, as increased knowledge and efficacy are partly driven by media use, although tabloids actually decrease...... external efficacy. The findings suggest that positive campaign effects are universal across various media and party systems.......Election campaigns are more than simple competitions for votes; they also represent an opportunity for voters to become politically knowledgeable and engaged. Using a large-scale web panel (n≈5,000), we track the development of political knowledge, internal efficacy and external efficacy among...
Do social marketing campaigns in health work? A critical analysis of four UK campaigns
Coope, David
2007-01-01
This management project looks at four recent social marketing campaigns in the field of health in the UK to determine whether such campaigns work. The project critically analyses the marketing campaigns used, and aims to determine the range of factors that create a successful social marketing campaign in health. There is analysis of four case studies undertaken after secondary research into social marketing campaigns run by a range of different organisations. The case studies are the ...
Shirreff, George; Wadood, Mufti Zubair; Vaz, Rui Gama; Sutter, Roland W.
2017-01-01
In 2014, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) campaigns were implemented in Nigeria and Pakistan after clinical trials showed that IPV boosts intestinal immunity in children previously given oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). We estimated the effect of these campaigns by using surveillance data collected during January 2014–April 2016. In Nigeria, campaigns with IPV and trivalent OPV (tOPV) substantially reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis caused by circulating serotype-2 vaccine–derived poliovirus (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.17 for 90 days after vs. 90 days before campaigns, 95% CI 0.04–0.78) and the prevalence of virus in environmental samples (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–1.33). Campaigns with tOPV alone resulted in similar reductions (IRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.18–1.97; PR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.95). In Pakistan, the effect of IPV+tOPV campaigns on wild-type poliovirus was not significant. Results suggest that administration of IPV alongside OPV can decrease poliovirus transmission if high vaccine coverage is achieved. PMID:27861118
The Clean Development Mechanism Re-engineered
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lütken, Søren
2016-01-01
for engineering such mechanism, or indeed reengineering the CDM itself, to make it a viable mitigation financing tool, providing receipts for payments in the form of certified emission reductions (CER). Two solutions are presented, both of which secure new financing for projects that deliver real and measurable...... emissions reduction benefits on the basis of prospective revenues from emissions reduction: one introduces up-front securitization of the emissions reductions; the other builds on a defined value of the CERs without the need for a carbon price or a market for trading. Most of us use simple heuristics...... time. Simply put CERs are not project finance and do not address project capital needs when most needed — upfront. CER based returns are available only after a project is operational. That is why only one third of registered CDM projects went as far as to get their carefully calculated CERs issued...
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Alejandro Patiño Contreras
2016-06-01
Full Text Available En este trabajo, propongo que la cerámica Tzakol fue un elemento que permitió el establecimiento de afiliaciones socio−culturales particulares en las Tierras Bajas mayas. Utilizando el caso de las cerámicas del periodo Clásico Temprano (200-500/550 d.C. en el sitio de Naachtún, propongo que la dispersión de las cerámicas Tzakol tiene que ver con un esfuerzo por establecer sistemas de interacción de gran extensión, en parte como reacción a barreras sociales establecidas en épocas anteriores. La aceptación de éstos en Naachtún pudo representar una participación activa en redes extensas de interdependencia regional. Ello a su vez abrió el flujo de una cantidad considerable de recursos que permitieran el crecimiento de dicho centro.
El estudio arqueométrico de la producciones cerámicas
C. Olaetxea; A. Alonso; M.C. Zuluaga; L.A. Ortega
2005-01-01
El estudio de la pasta de las cerámicas mediante lámina delgada, difracción de rayos X y su análisis quimico permite profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el origen de las mismas y en su tecnología de elaboración, asi como determinar las temperaturas minimas o maximas de cocción alcanzadas. De igual modo permite poner de manifiesto las modificaciones posteriores sufridas por el uso continuado de las mismas y por procesos tardíos debidos al soterramiento de las piezas. Los resultados obtenidos ...
Initiative EnergieEffizienz : An information campaign on energy efficiency for private households
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Agricola, Annegret-Cl.; Ahrens, Wiebke
2005-01-01
Unnecessary energy consumption can be avoided easily by making intelligent decisions when buying and using household equipment and hence cut the electricity bill and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is the key message imparted by the information campaign on energy efficiency for private households. The campaign addresses three main topics: the reduction or avoidance of stand by energy consumption of consumer electronics and IT-equipment, energy efficient high quality lighting and energy efficiency in the white goods sector. Consumers are addressed via a broad range of communication measures highlighting the efficiency issue. These instruments include advertisement in nationwide print media, regular press releases, public relations activities etc. Special information material are made for young people as well as for the Turkish minority in Germany. The main strategy of the campaign is to co-operate with retailers: consumers are to gain information on energy efficiency at the point of sale where domestic appliances and lighting equipment are sold. The campaign offers information for the point of sale including brochures for customers as well as for sales assistants. By December 2004 approximately 7,200 points of sale all over in Germany were equipped with the campaign's information. The German national energy agency (dena) runs the information campaign in co-operation with the German associations of power suppliers, the German foundation for environmental protection and the Federal Ministry of Economy and Labour. The campaign started in 2002. Its aims are to arise consumers' awareness, to inform consumers on energy efficient appliances and give motivation when buying and using them. Through these aims the campaign should contribute to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the private sector In order to measure the campaign's impact a quantitative analysis is carried out. First results show a change in public's awareness and attitude towards energy efficiency
Microestructura y propiedades de materiales cerámicos PZT con control de crecimiento de grano
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Celi, L. A.
1999-10-01
Full Text Available Lead zirconate titanate ceramic powders have been surface modified by using phosphor esther 0.3% in volume. The phosphorous modification gave higher densities at lower temperatures associated with a reduction of the weight losses during the densification process. From the relationships between ceramic processing and microstructure, it was established that the phosphorous surface modification allows the effective grain growth control as well a higher homogeneity in the grain size distribution.
Se ha realizado un proceso de modificación superficial con ester fosfato al 0.3% en volumen, sobre polvo cerámico de titanato circonato de plomo, PZT. Se observa que el material modificado con fósforo presenta una mayor densificación aparente a una temperatura menor unida a una reducción de las pérdidas de peso durante el proceso de densificación. Se han establecido las relaciones entre el procesamiento y las microestructuras del material PZT sin modificar y el modificado. Se evidencia un control del crecimiento de grano y una mayor homogeneidad en la distribución de tamaños de grano en el material modificado.
REYES PINEDA, HENRY
2011-01-01
La Tesis Doctoral "Estudio de la recuperación de cromo hexavalente mediante un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados por separadores cerámicos" se centra en la posibilidad de recuperación del cromo hexavalente procedente de las disoluciones de mordentado de las industrias de metalizado de plásticos mediante la utilización de un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados por separadores cerámicos fabricados a diferente presión y diferente composición de almidón. Con la rec...
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Vírseda, Lydia
2011-06-01
Full Text Available The archaeometric characterization of a set of potsherds from six Neolithic sites from the Madrid region has allowed the identification of a new and time-persisting regional technological tradition, based on the deliberated addition of crushed bone as temper in most pottery containers. This is the first known case in Iberia, and is outstanding because of its early chronologies and persistence in time: from 5300 to perhaps 3400 cal BC. Samples were characterized by complementary mineralogical and geochemical techniques such as thin-section, conventional and grazing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF. The addition of bone temper created a light and resistant ceramic material, with technological advantages for both the storage and transportation. Such advantages might be linked to mobile or semi-sedentary groups.
La caracterización arqueométrica de un conjunto de materiales cerámicos procedentes de 6 yacimientos neolíticos de Madrid ha permitido identificar una nueva tradición tecnológica regional persistente en el tiempo, basada en la adición intencionada de hueso machacado como desgrasante en la mayoría de los recipientes cerámicos. Se trata del primer caso de la Península Ibérica en el que se documenta este tipo de desgrasante en cerámicas de estas cronologías con una continuidad temporal de entre el 5300/5200 hasta posiblemente el 3400 cal AC. Los materiales seleccionados se caracterizaron por técnicas mineralógicas y geoquímicas complementarias como lámina delgada, difracción de rayos X (DRX convencional y de ángulo rasante, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB y espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX. La adición de hueso produce un material cerámico ligero pero a su vez resistente, con ventajas tecnológicas para recipientes de almacenamiento y/o transporte. Dichas ventajas quizá podrían vincularse a grupos con hábitos m
Romero, Maximina; Rincón López, Jesús María; Boccaccini, A. R.
2003-01-01
[ES] La determinación de la resistencia a la abrasión de pavimentos cerámicos es objeto actualmente de una amplia polémica tanto científica como tecnológica, que afecta lógicamente a la aceptación por parte del sector industrial de mejores métodos para determinar dicha propiedad en pavimentos y revestimientos de tipo cerámico. Aunque el método tradicional PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) es aceptado generalmente por los fabricantes de azulejos; no obstante, es objeto de numerosas críticas deb...
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Juan Tovar, Luis Carlos
1997-12-01
Full Text Available The Vth century A.D. is possibly the least known period of Roman Hispania, especially as far as its material culture is concerned: town planning, architecture, pottery, metalwork, glass, and so on. In this paper we tackle a particular area of that material culture within a specific region: the common pottery (table and kitchen ware, imitation of the terra sigillata, in the Segovia province. Our essential aim has been to define its technical, typological and decorative characteristics, as well as the features it bears in common with the terra sigillata, and its significance in the origin of Hispanic-Visigothic pottery. In order to do so, we have taken into account ceramics from towns such as Cauca, Cerro del Castillo (in Bernardos or Cerro de la Virgen de Tormejón (in Armuña, as well as rural settlements (villae rusticae?, burying grounds (El Cantosal, Aguilafuente, Duratón, etc., and single findings.De la Hispania romana tal vez el periodo más desconocido sea el siglo V, sobre todo en los aspectos referidos a sus restos materiales: urbanismo, arquitectura, cerámica, metalistería, vidrio, etc. En este trabajo hemos abordado una parte concreta de esta cultura material en una zona determinada: la cerámica común (tanto de mesa, como de cocina, imitación de sigillata, en la provincia de Segovia. Definir sus características técnicas, tipológicas, decorativas, así como su similitud con la terra sigillata y su significado en la formación de la cerámica hispano-visigoda, ha sido nuestro objetivo básico. Para ello, hemos tenido en cuenta tanto cerámica proveniente de núcleos urbanos como Cauca, el Cerro del Castillo (en Bernardos o el Cerro de la Virgen de Tormejón (en Armuña, como de asentamientos rurales (¿villae rusticae?, necrópolis (El Cantosal, Aguilafuente, Duratón, etc. y hallazgos aislados.
Vallone, Donna M; Ilakkuvan, Vinu; Xiao, Haijun; Cantrell, Jennifer; Rath, Jessica; Hair, Elizabeth
2015-01-01
Mass media campaigns have been found to shape the public's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior around tobacco. This study examines the influence of contextual factors with respect to awareness of the national truth® campaign, a mass media, branded tobacco use prevention campaign, among a sample of young adults (n = 2,804) aged 24-34 years old; these respondents were within the age range for both the primary and secondary targets of the campaign during the period (2000-2007) when the campaign was airing television advertising at consistently high levels. Mulitvariable models reveal lower educational attainment and Hispanic ethnicity as significant contextual factors predictive of lower campaign awareness, controlling for media use. In contrast, gender, state tobacco control policy, sensation-seeking, current smoking status, and community-level SES variables were not significantly associated with campaign awareness. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms through which public education campaigns operate, particularly among disadvantaged communities.
Bedregal, Patricia; Ubillús, Marco; Mendoza, Pablo; Montoya, Eduardo
2014-01-01
Los estudios de procedencia, utilizando fragmentos arqueológicos, requieren de información sobre la composición elemental de la pasta de cerámica. El análisis por activación neutrónica instrumental ha sido utilizado para caracterizar 100 fragmentos cerámicos encontrados en la zona arqueológica La Real en Arequipa y, el análisis estadístico multivariado para determinar su pertenencia y procedencia, incluyendo una comparación del patrón de composición química de los cerámicos de estilos locales...
Latent Inhibition as a Function of US Intensity in a Two-Stage CER Procedure
Rodriguez, Gabriel; Alonso, Gumersinda
2004-01-01
An experiment is reported in which the effect of unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity on latent inhibition (LI) was examined, using a two-stage conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure in rats. A tone was used as the pre-exposed and conditioned stimulus (CS), and a foot-shock of either a low (0.3 mA) or high (0.7 mA) intensity was used as…
Quantifying the impact of expanded age group campaigns for polio eradication.
Wagner, Bradley G; Behrend, Matthew R; Klein, Daniel J; Upfill-Brown, Alexander M; Eckhoff, Philip A; Hu, Hao
2014-01-01
A priority of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 2013-2018 strategic plan is to evaluate the potential impact on polio eradication resulting from expanding one or more Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) to children beyond age five-years in polio endemic countries. It has been hypothesized that such expanded age group (EAG) campaigns could accelerate polio eradication by eliminating immunity gaps in older children that may have resulted from past periods of low vaccination coverage. Using an individual-based mathematical model, we quantified the impact of EAG campaigns in terms of probability of elimination, reduction in polio transmission and age stratified immunity levels. The model was specifically calibrated to seroprevalence data from a polio-endemic region: Zaria, Nigeria. We compared the impact of EAG campaigns, which depend only on age, to more targeted interventions which focus on reaching missed populations. We found that EAG campaigns would not significantly improve prospects for polio eradication; the probability of elimination increased by 8% (from 24% at baseline to 32%) when expanding three annual SIAs to 5-14 year old children and by 18% when expanding all six annual SIAs. In contrast, expanding only two of the annual SIAs to target hard-to-reach populations at modest vaccination coverage-representing less than one tenth of additional vaccinations required for the six SIA EAG scenario-increased the probability of elimination by 55%. Implementation of EAG campaigns in polio endemic regions would not improve prospects for eradication. In endemic areas, vaccination campaigns which do not target missed populations will not benefit polio eradication efforts.
Jeong, Michelle; Bae, Rosie Eungyuhl
2017-06-16
This study examined the effect of mass media campaign-generated conversations on campaign-targeted health outcomes, via a systematic meta-analysis of 28 studies (including 124 sub-studies and a total of 138,898 participants). The study also conducted a series of moderation analyses to examine the conditions under which interpersonal communication has larger effects on bringing about the desired outcomes. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that campaign-generated conversations have a positive effect on inducing campaign-targeted outcomes (OR = 1.28) and show that this effect is moderated by health topic addressed by the campaign, the type of outcome being targeted by the campaign, and with whom people converse, along with several other campaign-relevant and study-relevant variables. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
How campaigns polarize the electorate
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Kasper M.; Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina
2017-01-01
The minimal effect theory of campaign studies stipulates that intense political competition during campaigns assures and reinforces the initial party choice of the electorate. We find that this reinforcement is two-fold. During the campaign, the party preference of the voters’ in-group party...... an increase in their preference for their most preferred party and a decrease for their least liked party as the campaign progresses. These trends show that the political campaign polarizes the electorate by increasing the affective distance between in-group party and out-group party preferences, thereby...... resulting in stronger political polarization after the campaign than before the campaign. The data utilized in this study is a large six-wave panel-study of Danish voters’ party preferences during the Danish parliamentary election of 2011. Thus, the analysis provides evidence of the minimal effect theory...
Ozone response to emission changes: a modeling study during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO Campaign
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J. Song
2010-04-01
Full Text Available The sensitivity of ozone production to precursor emissions was investigated under five different meteorological conditions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO field campaign using the gridded photochemical model CAMx driven by observation-nudged WRF meteorology. Precursor emissions were constrained by the comprehensive data from the field campaign and the routine ambient air quality monitoring network. Simulated plume mixing and transport were examined by comparing with measurements from the G-1 aircraft during the campaign. The observed concentrations of ozone precursors and ozone were reasonably well reproduced by the model. The effects of reducing precursor emissions on urban ozone production were performed for three representative emission control scenarios. A 50% reduction in VOC emissions led to 7 to 22 ppb decrease in daily maximum ozone concentrations, while a 50% reduction in NOx emissions leads to 4 to 21 ppb increase, and 50% reductions in both NOx and VOC emission decrease the daily maximum ozone concentrations up to 10 ppb. These results along with a chemical indicator analysis using the chemical production ratios of H2O2 to HNO3 demonstrate that the MCMA urban core region is VOC-limited for all meteorological episodes, which is consistent with the results from MCMA-2003 field campaign; however the degree of the VOC-sensitivity is higher during MCMA-2006 due to lower VOCs, lower VOC reactivity and moderately higher NOx emissions. Ozone formation in the surrounding mountain/rural area is mostly NOx-limited, but can be VOC-limited, and the range of the NOx-limited or VOC-limited areas depends on meteorology.
The Electronic Data Methods (EDM) forum for comparative effectiveness research (CER).
Holve, Erin; Segal, Courtney; Lopez, Marianne Hamilton; Rein, Alison; Johnson, Beth H
2012-07-01
AcademyHealth convened the Electronic Data Methods (EDM) Forum to collect, synthesize, and share lessons from eleven projects that are building infrastructure and using electronic clinical data for comparative effectiveness research (CER) and patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). This paper provides a brief review of participating projects and provides a framework of common challenges. EDM Forum staff conducted a text review of relevant grant programs' funding opportunity announcements; projects' research plans; and available information on projects' websites. Additional information was obtained from presentations provided by each project; phone calls with project principal investigators, affiliated partners, and staff from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); and six site visits. Projects participating in the EDM Forum are building infrastructure and developing innovative strategies to address a set of methodological, and data and informatics challenges, here identified in a common framework. The eleven networks represent more than 20 states and include a range of partnership models. Projects vary substantially in size, from 11,000 to more than 7.5 million individuals. Nearly all of the AHRQ priority populations and conditions are addressed. In partnership with the projects, the EDM Forum is focused on identifying and sharing lessons learned to advance the national dialogue on the use of electronic clinical data to conduct CER and PCOR. These efforts have the shared goal of addressing challenges in traditional research studies and data sources, and aim to build infrastructure and generate evidence to support a learning health care system that can improve patient outcomes.
Lessons from anti-thalassemia campaigns in Italy, before prenatal diagnosis.
Canali, Stefano; Corbellini, Gilberto
2002-01-01
The essay reconstructs the antithalassemia campaign carried out by means of population screening and pre-marriage counseling for about twenty years in Italy, immediately after the relationship between microcythemia and Cooley's anemia had been established, as well as its genetic bases. We examine the Italian contributions to the understanding of the genetics and of the clinical treatment of thalassemic disorders, and analyze the approaches to prevention as well as the results obtained by the first campaign against a genetic disease, conceived and largely implemented in Italy by Ezio Silvestroni and Ida Bianco. We discuss the resistances met by the antithalassemia campaign due to the cultural and organizational backwardness of the Italian medical community and of the public health system. Moreover we analyze the explanations and interpretations of the problematic results of these experiences in terms of morbidity reduction. It will be pointed out that the objective of genetic counselling practised in that context assumed the concept of disease prevention at the population level, and it was far from the idea, emerged in the 1970s, of non directive genetic counselling.
Membranas cerámicas y su utilidad en procesos de separación
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Hernández, A.
1999-06-01
Full Text Available Among the separation processes in the industry, those using membranes are usually considered as forming a new and promising field. From them, those which use ceramic membranes, which can be manufactured more selective now than some time ago, are especially relevant due to their high mechanic, thermal and chemical resistances. Here we will start by a summary description of the methods of synthesis of inorganic membranes and particularly ceramic ones. Traditional methods are presented as well as both the polymeric and the coloidal sol-gel techniques. In order to characterize them, pore size distributions and surface properties, including morphology, hydrophillicity and electrical properties should be investigated. Some techniques to study these structural and surface properties are summarily presented. The ceramic membranes can substitute polymeric ones in most of their typical applications with profit due to their better performances and durability.
Entre los procesos industriales de separación, los que se basan en membranas se consideran como un nuevo y prometedor campo en desarrollo. Entre éstos, los basados en el uso de membranas cerámicas por sus características de resistencia mecánica, térmica y química y cada vez mayor selectividad han adquirido una gran relevancia. En este trabajo se comenzará haciendo una breve descripción de los métodos de síntesis de membranas inorgánicas y en particular cerámicas. Se exponen tanto los métodos tradicionales como los de sol-gel por vías polimérica y coloidal. Para caracterizar estas membranas se deben obtener sus distribuciones de tamaño de poro y propiedades superficiales tanto morfológicas como relacionadas con la hidrofílicidad y sus propiedades eléctricas. Algunas técnicas de investigación de estas propiedades estructurales y superficiales se exponen también resumidamente. Las membranas cerámicas pueden usarse en las mismas aplicaciones que las membranas polim
Campaigns and counter campaigns: reactions on Twitter to e-cigarette education.
Allem, Jon-Patrick; Escobedo, Patricia; Chu, Kar-Hai; Soto, Daniel W; Cruz, Tess Boley; Unger, Jennifer B
2017-03-01
Social media present opportunities for public health departments to galvanise interest in health issues. A challenge is creating content that will resonate with target audiences, and determining reactions to educational material. Twitter can be used as a real-time surveillance system to capture individuals' immediate reactions to education campaigns and such information could lead to better campaigns in the future. A case study testing Twitter's potential presented itself when the California Department of Public Health launched its 'Still Blowing Smoke' media campaign about the potential harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Pro-e-cigarette advocacy groups, in response, launched a counter campaign titled 'Not Blowing Smoke'. This study tracked the popularity of the two campaigns on Twitter, analysed the content of the messages and determined who was involved in these discussions. The study period was from 22 March 2015 to 27 June 2015. A stratified sampling procedure supplied 2192 tweets for analysis. Content analysis identified pro, anti and neutral e-cigarette tweets, and five additional themes: Marketing Elements, Money, Regulation/propaganda, Health, and Other. Metadata were analysed to obtain additional information about Twitter accounts. 'Not Blowing Smoke' was referenced more frequently than 'Still Blowing Smoke' on Twitter. Messages commonly objected to government regulation of e-cigarettes, refuted claims that e-cigarette manufactures were aligned with big tobacco, and touted the health benefits of e-cigarette use. E-cigarette companies and vape shops used campaign slogans to communicate with customers on Twitter. Findings showed the time dynamics of Twitter and the possibility for real-time monitoring of education campaigns. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Obtenção de amidos termoplásticos para a extrusão de pós cerâmicos
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Laricy Janaína Dias do Amaral
2016-01-01
Full Text Available Resumo Polímeros termoplásticos podem ser utilizados como veículo orgânico (VO em processos de conformação de peças cerâmicas por extrusão. Neste contexto, termoplásticos à base de amido surgem como uma alternativa sustentável ao emprego das poliolefinas convencionalmente utilizadas na formulação de pastas cerâmicas. O passo inicial para o desenvolvimento de um feedstock (carga extrudável é a seleção adequada do sistema polimérico ligante, o qual é responsável por conferir propriedades reológicas adequadas durante o processamento. O presente trabalho se propôs a caracterizar termoplásticos a base de amido obtidos na presença de ácido cítrico e avaliar o potencial de utilização destes materiais na extrusão de pós cerâmicos. A processabilidade das pré-misturas de amido foi avaliada em extrusora dupla-rosca e em reômetro de torque. A variação dos teores de água e glicerol na composição das pré-misturas de amido influenciou significativamente as interações entre as cadeias poliméricas, promovendo alterações nos valores de densidade e de viscosidade para a maior parte das amostras analisadas. O amido foi parcialmente esterificado como efeito da ação do ácido cítrico no sistema. Dentre as formulações investigadas, a amostra hidratada e processada com 34% p/p de glicerol (H-34 foi a que apresentou as melhores propriedades de pasta, podendo ser futuramente empregada em processos de conformação de pós cerâmicos.
Incorporação de lodo da estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE em cerâmica vermelha
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
I. O. R. Areias
Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a incorporação de resíduo de estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE na produção de cerâmica vermelha. As matérias-primas utilizadas foram: massa cerâmica argilosa e resíduo de ETE provenientes do município de Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de fluorescência de raios X e difração de raios X; além disso, foi determinada a área de superfície específica das mesmas por meio das técnicas de BET e azul de metileno. O comportamento térmico do resíduo de ETE foi avaliado por meio de análise termogravimétrica. Formulações foram preparadas com 0, 2,5, 10 e 15% em massa de resíduo de ETE incorporados à massa argilosa. Corpos de prova foram confeccionados por prensagem uniaxial a 20 MPa com 8% de umidade para calcinação a 950 °C. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas avaliadas das cerâmicas calcinadas foram retração linear, absorção de água e resistência à compressão. A microestrutura destas peças foi investigada com auxílio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicaram que este tipo de resíduo deve ser incorporado em pequenas quantidades (até 2,5% para não prejudicar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da cerâmica.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Defez, B.
2013-08-01
Full Text Available The ceramic tile sector is a very competitive industry. The designer’s proficiency to offer new models of the decorated surface, adapted to the production means, plays a very important role in the competitiveness. In the present work, we analyze the evolution of the design process in the ceramic sector, as much as the changes experimented in parallel by the printing equipment. Afterwards, we present a new concept of ceramic design, based on digital image processing. This technique allows the generation of homogeneous and non-repetitive designs for large surfaces, especially thought for inkjet printing. With the programmed algorithms we have compiled a prototype software for the assistance of the ceramic design. This tool allows creating continuous designs for large surfaces saving developing time.El sector productivo de pavimentos y revestimientos cerámicos es una industria muy competitiva. La capacidad de los diseñadores de ofrecer modelos con nuevos diseños de la cara vista, adaptados a los medios de producción, juega un papel muy importante en la competitividad. En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución del proceso de diseño en el sector cerámico, así como los cambios experimentados de forma paralela por los medios de impresión. A continuación se presenta un nuevo concepto de diseño de baldosa cerámica, basado en procesado de imagen digital. Esta técnica permite la generación de diseños homogéneos y no repetitivos de grandes superficies, especialmente pensados para la decoración mediante inyección de tinta. Con los algoritmos programados se ha creado un programa informático prototipo de ayuda al diseño cerámico. Esta herramienta permite crear diseños continuos para grandes superficies ahorrando tiempo de desarrollo.
News Media Framing of Negative Campaigning
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pedersen, Rasmus Tue
2014-01-01
that news coverage of negative campaigning does apply the strategic game frame to a significantly larger degree than articles covering positive campaigning. This finding has significant implications for campaigning politicians and for scholars studying campaign and media effects.......News media coverage of election campaigns is often characterized by use of the strategic game frame and a focus on politicians’ use of negative campaigning. However, the exact relationship between these two characteristics of news coverage is largely unexplored. This article theorizes that consumer...... demand and norms of journalistic independence might induce the news media outlets to cover negative campaigning with a strategic game frame. A comprehensive content analysis based on several newspaper types, several election campaigns, and several different measurements of media framing confirms...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Neubert, T.; Laursen, S.; Rasmussen, I. L.
2003-01-01
During the northern hemisphere summer of 2003, from July 18 to September 18, a sprite observation campaign was conducted with measurements from Southern Europe, coordinated with measurements from the magnetically conjugate region in South Africa. The goal of the campaign was to investigate...... emissions. The presentation will give an overview of the campaign, the meteorological conditions, and present some first results....
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ormrod, Robert P.; Henneberg, Stephan C.; Forward, Nick
2007-01-01
This study investigates the concept of political market orientation (PMO) in an untraditional setting, namely the 2005 contest for the leadership of the British Conservative Party. Based on a collective case-study method, a content analysis of candidates' speeches and manifestos is provided. We...... and a contextspecific evaluation of the merits of alternative PMO profiles. Thus, the generic conceptual model of political market orientatation, which previously has only been used in the content of parties contesting a general election campaign, can be adapted to alternative campaign situations without a reduction...
von Wettstein-Knowles, Penny
2017-07-10
The primary function of the outermost, lipophilic layer of plant aerial surfaces, called the cuticle, is preventing non-stomatal water loss. Its exterior surface is often decorated with wax crystals, imparting a blue-grey color. Identification of the barley Cer-c , -q and -u genes forming the 101 kb Cer-cqu gene cluster encoding a novel polyketide synthase-the β-diketone synthase (DKS), a lipase/carboxyl transferase, and a P450 hydroxylase, respectively, establishes a new, major pathway for the synthesis of plant waxes. The major product is a β-diketone (14,16-hentriacontane) aliphatic that forms long, thin crystalline tubes. A pathway branch leads to the formation of esterified alkan-2-ols.
Strategic campaigns and redistributive politics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Schultz, Christian
2007-01-01
The article investigates strategic, informative campaigning by two parties when politics concern redistribution. Voters are uncertain about whether parties favour special groups. Parties will target campaigns on groups where most votes are gained by informing about policies. In equilibrium......, campaigning will be most intensive in groups where the uncertainty is largest and where voters are most mobile, most likely to vote, most receptive to campaigns and relatively uninformed initially. These groups will become more informed about policy. Parties will therefore gain more votes by treating...... these groups well so these groups will gain from strategic campaigning. Welfare effects are assessed...
Holmberg, K.; Hellsten, I.
2016-01-01
In this article, we analyzed campaigning on Twitter around the publication of the fifth Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group 1 report in September, 2013. In particular, we analyzed how participation in a specific campaign and use of hashtags connected to the campaign
El laboratorio en la investigación cerámica. Análisis dilatométrico
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Fernando Arredondo
2017-06-01
Full Text Available Se estudian las variaciones dimensionales que experimenta una arcilla durante su cocción, así como los métodos actuales para determinarlas. Se describe el dilatómetro, usado en el laboratorio de cerámica del I. T. C. G. para realizar el análisis dilatométrico.
Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros
Ochoa, Pilar; Villegas, Marina; Pons Rovira, José Luis; Fernández Lozano, José Francisco; Bengochea, M. A.
2002-01-01
[ES] Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se compr...
Materiais cerâmicos para células a combustível Ceramic materials for fuel cells
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
D. Z. de Florio
2004-12-01
Full Text Available A partir da definição de células a combustível, é feita uma introdução sucinta dos tipos de células e dos materiais cerâmicos que são empregados em projeto e fabricação destes dispositivos geradores de energia elétrica. Tomando por base a ampla literatura científica disponível em publicações periódicas internacionais indexadas e arbitradas, bem como patentes, são relatados com detalhes os materiais cerâmicos com comportamento elétrico adequado para uso como eletrólitos, anodos, catodos, interconectores e selantes, que são os componentes básicos de células a combustível de óxidos sólidos. Por fim, é feita uma avaliação do estado da arte na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos para uso em células a combustível de óxidos sólidos.Basic definitions of fuel cells and a brief introduction of different types of fuel cells are given. A review of the most important ceramic materials being considered for the design and fabrication of devices for producing electrical energy is presented. Ceramic materials with suitable electrical behavior to be used as electrolytes, anodes, cathodes, interconnectors, and sealants of solid oxide fuel cells are reported with details, taking into account the large number of available indexed and refereed scientific publications and patents. Finally, an evaluation of the state of the art of the research and development of ceramic materials for solid oxide fuel cells is presented.
Pearson-Stuttard, Jonathan; Bandosz, Piotr; Rehm, Colin D; Afshin, Ashkan; Peñalvo, Jose L; Whitsel, Laurie; Danaei, Goodarz; Micha, Renata; Gaziano, Tom; Lloyd-Williams, Ffion; Capewell, Simon; Mozaffarian, Dariush; O'Flaherty, Martin
2017-07-01
Background: A low intake of fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States. Both mass media campaigns (MMCs) and economic incentives may increase F&V consumption. Few data exist on their comparative effectiveness. Objective: We estimated CVD mortality reductions potentially achievable by price reductions and MMC interventions targeting F&V intake in the US population. Design: We developed a US IMPACT Food Policy Model to compare 3 policies targeting F&V intake across US adults from 2015 to 2030: national MMCs and national F&V price reductions of 10% and 30%. We accounted for differences in baseline diets, CVD rates, MMC coverage, MMC duration, and declining effects over time. Outcomes included cumulative CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke) deaths prevented or postponed and life-years gained (LYGs) over the study period, stratified by age, sex, and race. Results: A 1-y MMC in 2015 would increase the average national F&V consumption by 7% for 1 y and prevent ∼18,600 CVD deaths (95% CI: 17,600, 19,500), gaining ∼280,100 LYGs by 2030. With a 15-y MMC, increased F&V consumption would be sustained, yielding a 3-fold larger reduction (56,100; 95% CI: 52,400, 57,700) in CVD deaths. In comparison, a 10% decrease in F&V prices would increase F&V consumption by ∼14%. This would prevent ∼153,300 deaths (95% CI: 146,400, 159,200), gaining ∼2.51 million LYGs. For a 30% price decrease, resulting in a 42% increase in F&V consumption, corresponding values would be 451,900 CVD deaths prevented or postponed (95% CI: 433,100, 467,500) and 7.3 million LYGs gained. Effects were similar by sex, with a smaller proportional effect and larger absolute effects at older ages. A 1-y MMC would be 35% less effective in preventing CVD deaths in non-Hispanic blacks than in whites. In comparison, price-reduction policies would have equitable proportional effects. Conclusion: Both national MMCs and price-reduction policies
11 CFR 106.3 - Allocation of expenses between campaign and non-campaign related travel.
2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Allocation of expenses between campaign and non-campaign related travel. 106.3 Section 106.3 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION GENERAL ALLOCATIONS OF CANDIDATE AND COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES § 106.3 Allocation of expenses between campaign and non...
Regulation of very-long acyl chain ceramide synthesis by acyl-CoA-binding protein
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ferreira, Natalia Santos; Engelsby, Hanne; Neess, Ditte
2017-01-01
and cardiovascular diseases, as well as neurological disorders. Here we show that acyl-coenzyme A-binding protein (ACBP) potently facilitates very-long acyl chain ceramide synthesis. ACBP increases the activity of ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) by more than 2-fold and CerS3 activity by 7-fold. ACBP binds very......-long-chain acyl-CoA esters, which is required for its ability to stimulate CerS activity. We also show that high-speed liver cytosol from wild-type mice activates CerS3 activity, whereas cytosol from ACBP knock-out mice does not. Consistently, CerS2 and CerS3 activities are significantly reduced in the testes...... of ACBP(-/-) mice, concomitant with a significant reduction in long- and very-long-chain ceramide levels. Importantly, we show that ACBP interacts with CerS2 and CerS3. Our data uncover a novel mode of regulation of very-long acyl chain ceramide synthesis by ACBP, which we anticipate is of crucial...
"Get smart Colorado": impact of a mass media campaign to improve community antibiotic use.
Gonzales, Ralph; Corbett, Kitty K; Wong, Shale; Glazner, Judith E; Deas, Ann; Leeman-Castillo, Bonnie; Maselli, Judith H; Sebert-Kuhlmann, Ann; Wigton, Robert S; Flores, Estevan; Kafadar, Karen
2008-06-01
Large-scale strategies are needed to reduce overuse of antibiotics in US communities. To evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign-"Get Smart Colorado"-on public exposure to campaign, antibiotic use, and office visit rates. Nonrandomized controlled trial. Two metropolitan communities in Colorado, United States. The general public, managed care enrollees, and physicians residing in the mass media (2.2 million persons) and comparison (0.53 million persons) communities. : The campaign consisting of paid outdoor advertising, earned media and physician advocacy ran between November 2002 and February 2003. Antibiotics dispensed per 1000 persons or managed care enrollees, and the proportion of office visits receiving antibiotics measured during 10 to 12 months before and after the campaign. After the mass media campaign, there was a 3.8% net decrease in retail pharmacy antibiotic dispenses per 1000 persons (P = 0.30) and an 8.8% net decrease in managed care-associated antibiotic dispenses per 1000 members (P = 0.03) in the mass media community. Most of the decline occurred among pediatric members, and corresponded with a decline in pediatric office visit rates. There was no change in the office visit prescription rates among pediatric or adult managed care members, nor in visit rates for complications of acute respiratory tract infections. A low-cost mass media campaign was associated with a reduction in antibiotic use in the community, and seems to be mediated through decreases in office visits rates among children. The campaign seems to be cost-saving.
Proposal and realization advertising campaign
RYCHLÁ, Marie
2008-01-01
The Bachelor Paper contains proposal and realization advertising campaign, including make charge for cost amount. The advertising campaign is made for chosen product of firm. Advertising campaign is planning by the medium of broadsheet and advertising on the Internet.
Acción fundente de cenizas de glicerina de biodiésel en pastas cerámicas
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Acosta, A.
2009-06-01
Full Text Available Biodiesel glycerin ashes are residual ashes generated in the combustion of glycerine that is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of biodiesel. The aim of this work is to check their flux action in ceramic fabrics. In order to do so, both mineralogical and chemical characterisation of these ashes and some ceramic pastes, used in stoneware, has been performed, as well as an assessment of its thermal behaviour. Different mixtures of biodiesel ceramics adding ashes to a paste in a ceramic 5, 7 and 10% by weight have been used. Such mixtures have been studied with a hot stage microscope and it can be concluded that the ash acts as a flux of the ceramic paste reducing its sintering temperature in more than 100 ºC, which in an industrial process would result in energy savings in the firing process and valorisation of waste it as a secondary raw material, in addition to obtaining an environmental benefit reusing waste products and preventing its dumping.
Las cenizas de glicerina de biodiésel son unas cenizas residuales generadas en la combustión de la glicerina que se obtiene como subproducto en la fabricación de biodiésel. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar su acción fundente en pastas cerámicas. Para ello se ha realizado la caracterización mineralógica y química de dichas cenizas y de unas pastas cerámicas destinadas a la fabricación de gres, así como el estudio de su comportamiento térmico. Se han formulado diferentes mezclas adicionando cenizas de glicerina a la pasta cerámica en un 5, 7 y 10 % en peso. Estas mezclas se han estudiado con el microscopio de calefacción de manera comparada y se concluye que la ceniza actúa como fundente de la pasta cerámica reduciendo su temperatura de sinterización en más de 100ºC, lo cual en un proceso industrial se traduciría en un ahorro energético en la cocción y en la valorización de un residuo al considerarlo como una materia prima secundaria, además de obtener un
Point Climat no. 13 'Will there still be a market price for CERs and ERUs in two years time?'
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bellassen, Valentin; Stephan, Nicolas; Leguet, Benoit
2012-01-01
Among the publications of CDC Climat Research, 'Climate Briefs' presents, in a few pages, hot topics in climate change policy. This issue addresses the following points: Medium-term (i.e. pre-2015) demand for credits from the EU ETS and secondary sources of demand appears to be limited to 1.6 billion tCO 2 e. The supply of Kyoto credits is relatively predictable, and will cover demand between now and 2013-2014 according to our base-case scenario. Our view is that the demand-supply equilibrium will lead to a de-correlation between the price of Kyoto credits and the EUA price, and may lead to a price for Kyoto credits that is very low, or almost nil. Unless CER and ERU demand-side policies are modified, we do not foresee any rebound in CER and ERU prices beyond the current year
Materias primas para pavimentos y revestimientos cerámicos en la región de Murcia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernández, C.
2001-10-01
Full Text Available The clay industry of the Murcia Region has never had a relevant industrial importance, with only around ten brick operations in the last few years. Today only only two brid factories are operative having certain size. The extraordinary industrial development currently experienced by the Region has leaded to the development of new initiatives which need institutional backing. In this framework and under the sponsoring of the Council of Technologies, Industry and Commerce of the Autonomic Community, the Spanish Geological Survey (ITGE has carried out a general survey for raw materials for the ceramic industry in the region, mainly aimed to find clays for ceramic gres and glazed tiles, whose results are discussed in this paper. Murcia has a very complicated geology, being carbonated marine sediments the most important lithologies. Due to it, it is difficult to find no-carbonated shales or clays to produce gres tiles. We have found six zones containing different clay types, that reach a few hundreds million tons of resources. With that clays we have produce in the laboratory gres tiles and glazed tiles of commercial quality.
La industria cerámica de la Región de Murcia no ha tenido gran importancia industrial, limitándose a una decena de fábricas de ladrillos. Hoy en día sólo operan en la región 2 fábricas de ladrillos de cierta entidad. El extraordinario desarrollo industrial que experimenta actualmente la Región suscita nuevas iniciativas empresariales, que precisan del apoyo institucional. En este marco y bajo el auspicio y con la financiación parcial de la Consejería Tecnologías, Industria y Comercio de la Comunidad Autónoma, el Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España ha realizado en los tres últimos años una investigación general de materias primas para la industria cerámica en la región, especialmente dirigida a localizar arcillas para pavimentos y revestimientos cerámicos, cuyos resultados se exponen en este
Internet Explorers: the online campaign
Wall, M.; Sudulich, M.L.; Gallagher, M.; Marsh, M.
2011-01-01
The idea of an ‘internet election’ was initially put forward in 1997. However, there is little evidence to date that online campaigning has supplanted more traditional campaign practices. This is particularly true of Irish campaigns, which are hardware-rich affairs characterised by substantial
Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
2007-01-01
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização microestrutural e das propriedades mecânicas de diferentes cerâmicas odontológicas para entender sua influência nos parâmetros de crescimento de trinca subcrítico (SCG), n (coeficiente de susceptibilidade ao SCG) e ?f0 (parâmetro escalar), determinados por diferentes métodos. Cinco cerâmicas foram avaliadas: porcelanas VM7 (Vita) e D (d.Sign, Ivoclar), vitrocerâmicas E1 (IPS Empress, Ivoclar) e E2 (IPS Empress 2, Ivoclar) e compósito IC ...
Innovaciones técnicas, estilísticas y temáticas en la cerámica de los Zuloaga
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rubio Celada, A.
1999-08-01
Full Text Available The Zuloagas’ ceramics covers several generations, since the 1870’s. The first artists in the family were Guillermo, Germán and Daniel. Their father, Eusebio, arquebusier of Queen Isabel II and Chief of the Royal Gunsmith’s House, sent them to study to the school of ceramics in Sévres, France. The resurgence of the factory of La Moncloa, in Madrid, was possible thanks to them. The Zuloagas restored the traditional techniques in ceramics; for example, the one of “cuerda seca” or “cuenca”-glazed and lustre painted ones, introducing the styles that were on fashion in Europe: Neo-Renaissance and Modernism. In 1893, Daniel Zuloaga settled into the Vargas factory in Segovia, and he opened, at the beginning of the XIX century his own workshop in the church of San Juan de los Caballeros, of Romanesque style, placed in the centre of this town, Segovia. Here he was helped by his son and daughters, Juan, Esperanza and Teodora, adopting new trends in art, like the Neo-Romanesque style and the Regionalist style, with themes he took from Castilian models and customs, within the aesthetic lines of the 98’s Generation.In his workshop he constantly investigated into ceramics and he even developed original techniques, like glazing on slate or applying photographs to ceramics.
La cerámica de los Zuloaga abarca varias generaciones, desde los años setenta del siglo XIX. Los primeros son Guillermo, Germán y Daniel, a los que su padre, Eusebio, arcabucero de Isabel II y director de la Real Armería, manda a estudiar a la Escuela de Cerámica de Sèvres. A ellos se deberá el resurgir de la fábrica de la Moncloa. Los Zuloaga recuperarán las técnicas cerámicas tradicionales, como la cuerda seca, la cuenca y el reflejo metálico, introduciendo los estilos de moda en Europa como el Neorrenacimiento y el Modernismo. En 1893 Daniel Zuloaga se establece en la Fábrica de Vargas en Segovia, instalando a principios de siglo su propio taller, en
Revestimientos internos cerámicos para chimeneas industriales
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Serradilla Echarri, Jesús
1985-03-01
Full Text Available The present article shows the different factors intervening on the study and later setting into service of the internal ceramic liner for industrial chimneys. Firstly they are studied the diverse existing options and later decision as to the solution to be adopted. Also they are specified the physicochemical peculiar characteristics of the material as well as the criterion to folio w with regards to the adecuate dispositive for the material's quality control.En el presente artículo, se estudian los diversos factores que intervienen en el estudio y posterior puesta en servicio de los revestimientos internos cerámicos para chimeneas de uso industrial. Se estudian inicialmente las diversas opciones existentes y posterior decisión en cuanto a la solución a adoptar. También se especifican las características físico-químicas propias del material, así como los criterios a seguir en cuanto al dispositivo adecuado para el Control de Calidad del material.
Materiales en lámina delgada sobre sustratos cerámicos para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Guillén, C.
2005-02-01
Full Text Available Various ceramic supports besides standard soda-lime glass have been utilized as substrates for deposition of molybdenum and copper indium diselenide layers (substrate/Mo/CuInSe2 heterostructures for application in thin film photovoltaic solar cells. Molybdenum layers have been prepared simultaneously onto the different substrates by electron gun assisted evaporation. Subsequently, CuInSe2 thin films have been obtained by direct electrodeposition onto the Mo-coated substrates. The influence of the substrate characteristics onto the optical and structural properties of the developed materials has been determined to evaluate the possibility of substituting the commonly utilized glass by ceramics that can wide the applications of these photovoltaic systems. The obtained results indicate that the scattering factor and the structural stress in the layers are minimized when the morphological characteristics of the ceramic are close to those of the standard glass substrates.
Se han probado distintos tipos de soportes cerámicos y vidrio sodocálcico convencional como sustratos sobre los que se han depositado películas de molibdeno y seleniuro de cobre e indio (heteroestructuras de la forma sustrato/Mo/CuInSe2 para su aplicación en células solares fotovoltaicas de lámina delgada. Las películas de Mo se han preparado simultáneamente sobre los distintos sustratos mediante evaporación asistida por cañón de electrones. A continuación, las láminas delgadas de CuInSe2 se han obtenido mediante electrodepósito directo sobre los sustratos cubiertos con Mo. Se ha determinado la influencia del tipo de sustrato empleado sobre las propiedades ópticas y estructurales de los materiales preparados, con objeto de evaluar las posibilidades de sustitución del soporte de vidrio usualmente utilizado por materiales cerámicos que permitan diversificar las aplicaciones fotovoltaicas de este tipo de sistemas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el factor
5 CFR 950.801 - Campaign schedule.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Campaign schedule. 950.801 Section 950... VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS CFC Timetable § 950.801 Campaign schedule. (a) The Combined Federal Campaign will be.../International and International parts of the Charity List to all local campaigns by a date to be determined by...
Tardif, Jean-Claude; Ballantyne, Christie M; Barter, Philip; Dasseux, Jean-Louis; Fayad, Zahi A; Guertin, Marie-Claude; Kastelein, John J P; Keyserling, Constance; Klepp, Heather; Koenig, Wolfgang; L'Allier, Philippe L; Lespérance, Jacques; Lüscher, Thomas F; Paolini, John F; Tawakol, Ahmed; Waters, David D
2014-12-07
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have several potentially protective vascular effects. Most clinical studies of therapies targeting HDL have failed to show benefits vs. placebo. To investigate the effects of an HDL-mimetic agent on atherosclerosis by intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). A prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial was conducted at 51 centres in the USA, the Netherlands, Canada, and France. Intravascular ultrasonography and QCA were performed to assess coronary atherosclerosis at baseline and 3 (2-5) weeks after the last study infusion. Five hundred and seven patients were randomized; 417 and 461 had paired IVUS and QCA measurements, respectively. Patients were randomized to receive 6 weekly infusions of placebo, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, or 12 mg/kg CER-001. The primary efficacy parameter was the nominal change in the total atheroma volume. Nominal changes in per cent atheroma volume on IVUS and coronary scores on QCA were also pre-specified endpoints. The nominal change in the total atheroma volume (adjusted means) was -2.71, -3.13, -1.50, and -3.05 mm(3) with placebo, CER-001 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 12 mg/kg, respectively (primary analysis of 12 mg/kg vs. placebo: P = 0.81). There was also no difference among groups for the nominal change in per cent atheroma volume (0.02, -0.02, 0.01, and 0.19%; nominal P = 0.53 for 12 mg/kg vs. placebo). Change in the coronary artery score was -0.022, -0.036, -0.022, and -0.015 mm (nominal P = 0.25, 0.99, 0.55), and change in the cumulative coronary stenosis score was -0.51, 2.65, 0.71, and -0.77% (compared with placebo, nominal P = 0.85 for 12 mg/kg and nominal P = 0.01 for 3 mg/kg). The number of patients with major cardiovascular events was 10 (8.3%), 16 (13.3%), 17 (13.7%), and 12 (9.8%) in the four groups. CER-001 infusions did not reduce coronary atherosclerosis on IVUS and QCA when compared with placebo. Whether CER-001 administered in other regimens or to other
Sustancias maleables en el proceso de la escultura: pastas cerámicas
Cambra Antón, Marta de
2016-01-01
Esta tesis se basa en la obtención de pastas cerámicas nuevas, mediante el estudio y la combinación de materias primas y otras sustancias que respondan a unas características predeterminadas para ser utilizadas en la creación de la obra artística. Dichas pastas se forman al introducir en las arcillas otras materias que sirven para corregir los defectos que se producen en el moldeado, en el secado o en la cocción. Esta tesis pretende ser un archivo de arcillas sintéticas, testadas y documenta...
Estabilidad del color de las cerámicas de disilicato de litio.
Cedeño Salazar, Rosario
2016-01-01
La gran demanda de tratamientos estéticos por parte de los pacientes, supone un reto para los rehabilitadores orales, por lo que siempre están en búsqueda del material ideal. Las cerámicas dentales, poseen características que le permiten mimetizar la apariencia de los dientes naturales, por sus propiedades físicas y químicas, las cuales dependen de su composición. Poseen una fase vítrea que le aporta características estéticas y una fase cristalina que le aporta propiedades mecánicas. Clín...
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N. C. Pesquero
2008-06-01
Full Text Available Esta revisão visa ser uma introdução à aplicação de materiais cerâmicos em dispositivos de armazenamento de energia, em especial baterias secundárias de íons lítio, dispositivos nos quais os materiais cerâmicos, especialmente óxidos, são muito importantes em todas as partes do dispositivo. A revisão está focada nos materiais cerâmicos para catodos e anodos, partes chaves destes dispositivos. Ela tem por principal finalidade ser uma fonte de informação para aqueles que desejem trabalhar com o desenvolvimento de materiais cerâmicos para tais tipos de dispositivos. Aspectos relacionados à nanotecnologia e materiais óxidos nanoestruturados para esta área são discutidos ao final do artigo.This paper aims to be an introductory text on the applications of ceramic materials to energy storage devices, mainly lithium ion secondary batteries, i.e. devices in which the ceramic materials, e.g. oxides, are very important in all parts of the device. This review is focused in ceramic materials for cathodes and anodes, which are key parts of the battery device. The main purpose is, therefore, to offer to the reader, who is interested in the development of ceramic materials for storage devices, enough information concerning the main oxide materials used nowadays and promising technology regarding nanoestructured oxides and electrode geometry based on the nanoscale.
... Issue Past Issues Special Section The "Know Stroke" Campaign Past Issues / Summer 2007 Table of Contents For ... Javascript on. NINDS is conducting a public awareness campaign across the United States to educate people about ...
Una nueva forma en la cerámica ibérica de San Miguel de Liria (Valencia
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Domingo FLETCHER VALLS
2009-10-01
Full Text Available En la campaña de excavaciones llevadas a cabo en 1941, en el ya célebre poblado ibérico de San Miguel de Liria (Valencia, la Edeta de los textos clásicos, la suerte nos deparó, entre los abundantísimos materiales cerámicos, en el departamento señalado con el número 61, el hallazgo de un vaso de gran tamaño, fragmentado por la presión de las tierras, pero, afortunadamente, completo, lo que ha permitido su completa restauración, comprobándose una vez reconstruido, que se trata de una vasija de galbo único hasta la fecha, no sólo entre los múltiples que nos ha proporcionado este yacimiento sino en todo el conjunto de cerámicas ibéricas que conocemos, por lo que juzgamos de interés dar noticias de ia misma, anticipándonos a la completa publicación que de los vasos de este poblado tenemos en prensa.
Leadership Transitions during Fundraising Campaigns
Nehls, Kimberly
2012-01-01
Capital campaigns are intense efforts to build the financial assets of an institution in a specified amount of time. This study provides an empirical view of how changes in leadership affected concomitant capital campaigns at ten colleges and universities. The transitions during these 10 campaigns influenced morale on campus, altered timing of the…
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Ros, J. L.
2009-04-01
Full Text Available The aim os this work is the obtention of a ceramic panel exposed to the solar illumination, able to redude due to their photocatalytic activity, the level of NOx in urban environments. Like to the nature behaviour the product in named as BIONICTILE®.El trabajo ha consistido en imitar en lo posible a la naturaleza (BIONICA utilizando como soporte a la cerámica que forma parte de elementos constructivos de exterior expuestos a la iluminación solar. De aquí el nombre de la gama de productos cerámicos que CERACASA propone al final de este estudio, denominados BIONICTILE®. El producto cerámico con actividad fotocatalítica implementado en materiales constructivos sería análogo a crear “bosques de azulejos” en las ciudades que reduzcan la contaminación y ayuden a purificar el aire.
Culpin, P
1988-10-22
Your readers may be interested in knowing that VSO will be holding a publicity campaign in Scotland in November and December. The campaign is a chance for people to come and talk to us about the opportunities available to them to work in Third World countries. We have a wide range of interesting and challenging jobs in long-term development in health work.
Levin, Kate A; Carson, Jill; Crighton, Emilia
2017-07-01
to measure the impact of the 'My Power of Attorney' media campaign on the number of new power of attorney (POA) registrations in Scotland. POA registrations in Scotland processed by the Office of the Public Guardian during January 2010 to June 2015. multilevel Poisson models for POA registrations nested by council and annual quarter were run using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, adjusting for time, campaign (variable ranging between 0 and 5 dependent on intensity of campaign measured by the number of media platforms received) and offset term mid-year population estimate for those aged 25 years+/65 years+. POA registrations saw a reduction between 2010 and 2011 but overall, increased between 2010 and 2015. POA registrations rose by 33.3% in Glasgow City between 2013 and 2014, when the campaign began, while the rest of Scotland saw a rise of 17.3%. When the data were modelled, Relative Risk (RR) of a POA registration increased with increasing intensity of campaign, so that in an area in receipt of the full campaign was RR = 1.31 (1.28, 1.34) that of an area with no campaign. Between council variation persisted after adjustment for campaign (Variance = 0.041 (0.011)). during the period of the campaign, area-level increases in POA registrations were observed associated with the 'My Power of Attorney' timing and location, in an approximate dose-response relationship with campaign intensity, suggesting that this is likely to be due to the campaign that began in Glasgow City. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society.All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
Cerámicas a torno pintadas andaluzas de la segunda Edad del Hierro
Escacena Carrasco, José Luis
1986-01-01
El estudio de las vajillas cerámicas de las culturas antiguas desde el punto de vista puramente tipológico se ha revelado, a pesar de su aridez, como una de las bases fundamentales para iniciar investigaciones de otra índole referidas a los grupos humanos que las utilizaron. En este sentido, y por lo que se refiere a la Península Ibérica, todavía muchas de sus etapas pre y prohistóricas, además de otros momentos más recientes qu...
La industria cerámica en España (1990-2000
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Criado, E.
2001-12-01
Full Text Available The Spanish glass and ceramic industry reached in 2000 a record production value figure of 1.6 billion* pesetas (10.000 M euros, almost 1,5 % of the GDP, which places Spain after Italy as the UE country in which those sectors are the most important in terms of value of all the industrial activity. All together both sectors employ more than 110 000 in around 3 000 companies, with a distinct regional distribution according to sectors and specific products. Excellent raw materials, research and development network, skilled labour force, energetic efficiency, world-wide strong marketing policy and the drive of the internal demand, has turned the Spanish ceramic as a worldwide leading sector.
La industria española de la cerámica y el vidrio alcanzó en el año 2000 un valor récord de la producción, con 10 000 Meuro (1,6 billones de ptas, casi el 1,5% del PIB. Esta cifra sitúa a España, junto con Italia, a la cabeza de los países de la UE por el peso que representan dichos sectores en el conjunto de la actividad industrial. Estas industrias dan empleo a más 110 000 personas, distribuidas en cerca de 3000 empresas y presentan una clara especialización regional en función de los diferentes sectores y productos. Excelentes materias primas, una amplia red de centros de investigación y desarrollo, personal experto, eficiencia energética, una poderosa política de ventas en todo el mundo y el empuje de la demanda interna ha convertido al sector cerámico español en un líder mundial.
Recubrimientos por PVD decorativos sobre cerámicas
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García, J. A.
2006-08-01
Full Text Available During the last years PVD coatings has been used for decorative purposes on ceramics and other substrates. Standards layers like TiN, CrN, TiCN, etc, give us the possibly of obtaining a wide range of colours, with a good mechanical, chemical properties. This paper gathers the works carried out in the Center of Advance Surface engineering of AIN during the three last years in the field of the decorative coatings. Different layer have been deposited by means of a METAPLAS 232 PVD equipment. A complete chemical and mechanical characterisation have been carried out on the different deposited layers like ultramicroindentation, scratch tests, wear resistance and GDOES.
En los últimos años se ha venido estudiado la aplicabilidad de las técnicas de depósitos mediante métodos físicos en fase vapor (PVD, para la realización de recubrimientos sobre cerámicas y otros substratos con fines decorativos. Los recubrimientos estándar por PVD como el TiN, CrN, TiCN, etc, ofrecen la posibilidad de conseguir acabados de apariencia metálica, de una amplia gama de colores, y con buenas propiedades mecánicas y químicas, como resistencia a la abrasión, estabilidad térmica, o resistencia a la corrosión. En este trabajo se recogen las experiencias realizadas en el recubrimiento y caracterización de cerámicas decorativas, durante los tres últimos años, en el Centro de Ingeniería de Superficies de la Asociación de la Industria Navarra. Los distintos tipos de recubrimientos se han realizado mediante un equipo de PVD modelo METAPLAS 232, con seis evaporadores de arco eléctrico y sistema de limpieza iónica patentado AEGD. Los recubrimientos han sido caracterizados, tanto química como mecánicamente, empleando las más modernas técnicas tribológicas (ultramicrodureza, scrascth tests, resistencia al desgaste... y espectroscópicas óptica por descarga luminiscente (GDOES. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las técnicas de PVD son una
Stuckey, Erin M; Miller, John M; Littrell, Megan; Chitnis, Nakul; Steketee, Rick
2016-03-09
Malaria elimination requires reducing both the potential of mosquitoes to transmit parasites to humans and humans to transmit parasites to mosquitoes. To achieve this goal in Southern province, Zambia a mass test and treat (MTAT) campaign was conducted from 2011-2013 to complement high coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN). To identify factors likely to increase campaign effectiveness, a modelling approach was applied to investigate the simulated effect of alternative operational strategies for parasite clearance in southern province. OpenMalaria, a discrete-time, individual-based stochastic model of malaria, was parameterized for the study area to simulate anti-malarial drug administration for interruption of transmission. Simulations were run for scenarios with a range of artemisinin-combination therapies, proportion of the population reached by the campaign, targeted age groups, time between campaign rounds, Plasmodium falciparum test protocols, and the addition of drugs aimed at preventing onward transmission. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess uncertainty of simulation results. Scenarios were evaluated based on the reduction in all-age parasite prevalence during the peak transmission month one year following the campaign, compared to the currently-implemented strategy of MTAT 19 % population coverage at pilot and 40 % coverage during the first year of implementation in the presence of 56 % LLIN use and 18 % indoor residual spray coverage. Simulation results suggest the most important determinant of success in reducing prevalence is the population coverage achieved in the campaign, which would require more than 1 year of campaign implementation for elimination. The inclusion of single low-dose primaquine, which acts as a gametocytocide, or ivermectin, which acts as an endectocide, to the drug regimen did not further reduce parasite prevalence one year following the campaign compared to the currently-implemented strategy
O uso de técnica eletroquímica para a descontaminação de estruturas cerâmicas vítreas porosas
Assis,O. B. G.; Silva,E. R.
2010-01-01
Apresentamos neste trabalho os resultados de ensaios preliminares para avaliar o uso de técnica de eletro-osmose para a remoção de contaminantes orgânicos em estruturas porosas cerâmicas, como filtros ou similares. A técnica consiste em forçar a migração de contaminantes retidos na estrutura interna ou na superfície dos poros por meio da aplicação de tensão controlada em célula eletroquímica projetada para este fim. As moléculas absorvidas na superfície cerâmica estarão sujeitas as ações cisa...
Estudo da influência da adição de cinzas de carvão mineral nas propriedades da cerâmica vermelha
Zanin,T. L.; Klitzke,W.; Luz Jr.,L. F. L.
2013-01-01
A adição de resíduos industriais em cerâmicas vermelhas tem sido o alvo de diversos estudos, onde se busca uma destinação final adequada ao resíduo e melhoria das características da cerâmica. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a adição de cinzas leves de carvão mineral oriundas de uma usina termelétrica existente em Figueira, PR. Foram preparadas misturas de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50% de cinzas em argila e produzidos corpos de prova de 6 cm x 2 cm x 0,5 cm por calcinação a 950 ºC. Avaliou-se os parâmetr...
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S. R. Christofoletti
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Resumo No presente trabalho foram estudadas as variações tecnológicas, químicas, mineralógicas e cerâmicas da Formação Corumbataí em três seções geológicas de dois polos cerâmicos distintos no estado de S. Paulo, Tambaú/Porto Ferreira (T/PF e Santa Gertrudes (SG, com intuito de entender as variações que ocorrem nestas matérias primas buscando a diversificação de produtos. Para estudar estas variações, a metodologia empregada constou do levantamento de seções geológicas, análise mineralógica por difração de raios X na sua constituição total e menor que 2 μm, caracterização geoquímica para identificação dos principais elementos por ICP OES/MS e caracterização cerâmica para revestimento. Os resultados mineralógicos e químicos encontrados refletiram diretamente nos característicos cerâmicos obtidos. O sódio, elemento fundente encontrado principalmente no feldspato sódico, é mais abundante nas seções do Polo SG do que nas seções do PoloT/PF; este elemento age durante a sinterização em conjunto com o K das illitas, porém no Polo T/PF o conteúdo de feldspato potássico é maior que em SG; sendo assim, o K disponível pode ser menor. Além dos argilominerais do grupo illita, presente em todas as amostras, foram identificados argilominerais do grupo das esmectitas e caulinitas. De acordo com os resultados dos ensaios cerâmicos, as amostras das seções P-4 e P-11 do Polo T/PF foram classificadas dentro do grupo de absorção de água como BIII (poroso, sendo sua aplicação mais usual na produção de revestimentos com alta porosidade, azulejos e pastilhas, ou na formulação de revestimento pelo processo via seca e via úmida. Já nas amostras da seção P-19 do Polo SG, os resultados obtidos enquadraram-se dentro do grupo BIb, BIIb e BIII possibilitando sua aplicação, principalmente no caso do BIb e BIIb, na produção de revestimento pelo processo via seca ou na composição de massas para a
Social Media Campaign Effects: Moderating Role of Social Capital in an Anti-Smoking Campaign.
Namkoong, Kang; Nah, Seungahn; Van Stee, Stephanie K; Record, Rachael A
2018-03-01
This study examined the effects of an anti-smoking campaign that employs a crowdsourcing method with a social networking service. Drawing upon social capital scholarship and the expression effect research paradigm in eHealth systems, the study also investigated the roles of social trust and community life satisfaction in the social media campaign that has a specific geographical boundary. To that end, we conducted an experiment using a two-group pretest-posttest design. We randomly assigned 201 participants to two conditions: "campaign message reception only" as a control group and "message reception and expression" as a treatment group in which participants fully engaged in the campaign process by sharing their own campaign ideas with other participants. Findings revealed that social trust and community life satisfaction interacted with the treatment condition to positively affect persuasive intentions, but in distinct ways. Social trust moderated the effect of the message reception and interaction condition on participants' willingness to encourage community members to stop smoking. In contrast, community life satisfaction moderated the effect of the treatment condition on encouraging others to comply with the community's anti-smoking policy. These results provide theoretical and practical implications related to the roles of social capital in geographically defined social media campaigns.
Fat watch: A nationwide campaign in the Netherlands to reduce fat intake-process evaluations
Cornelie, J.; Feen van der, Lille, J.C.J.F. de; Riedstra, M.; Hardeman, W.; Wedel, M.; Brug, J.; Pruyn, J.F.A.; Löwik, M.R.H.
1998-01-01
Fat Watch was a four-year campaign carried out in cooperation with retailers and industry, aiming at a reduction of fat consumption by 10% among the Dutch population. Mass media and supermarkets were the main conveyers of the message. Supermarkets participated well in the first (53%) and in the
Logic Assumptions and Risks Framework Applied to Defence Campaign Planning and Evaluation
2013-05-01
based on prescriptive targets of reduction in particular crime statistics in a certain timeframe. Similarly, if overall desired effects are not well...the Evaluation Journal of Australasia, Australasian Evaluation Society. UNCLASSIFIED 21 UNCLASSIFIED DSTO-TR-2840 These six campaign functions...Callahan’s article in “Anecdotally” Newsletter January 2013, Anecdote Pty Ltd., a commercial consultancy specialising in narrative technique for business
Complex Contagion of Campaign Donations.
Traag, Vincent A
2016-01-01
Money is central in US politics, and most campaign contributions stem from a tiny, wealthy elite. Like other political acts, campaign donations are known to be socially contagious. We study how campaign donations diffuse through a network of more than 50,000 elites and examine how connectivity among previous donors reinforces contagion. We find that the diffusion of donations is driven by independent reinforcement contagion: people are more likely to donate when exposed to donors from different social groups than when they are exposed to equally many donors from the same group. Counter-intuitively, being exposed to one side may increase donations to the other side. Although the effect is weak, simultaneous cross-cutting exposure makes donation somewhat less likely. Finally, the independence of donors in the beginning of a campaign predicts the amount of money that is raised throughout a campaign. We theorize that people infer population-wide estimates from their local observations, with elites assessing the viability of candidates, possibly opposing candidates in response to local support. Our findings suggest that theories of complex contagions need refinement and that political campaigns should target multiple communities.
Complex Contagion of Campaign Donations.
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Vincent A Traag
Full Text Available Money is central in US politics, and most campaign contributions stem from a tiny, wealthy elite. Like other political acts, campaign donations are known to be socially contagious. We study how campaign donations diffuse through a network of more than 50,000 elites and examine how connectivity among previous donors reinforces contagion. We find that the diffusion of donations is driven by independent reinforcement contagion: people are more likely to donate when exposed to donors from different social groups than when they are exposed to equally many donors from the same group. Counter-intuitively, being exposed to one side may increase donations to the other side. Although the effect is weak, simultaneous cross-cutting exposure makes donation somewhat less likely. Finally, the independence of donors in the beginning of a campaign predicts the amount of money that is raised throughout a campaign. We theorize that people infer population-wide estimates from their local observations, with elites assessing the viability of candidates, possibly opposing candidates in response to local support. Our findings suggest that theories of complex contagions need refinement and that political campaigns should target multiple communities.
Materias para la industria cerámica española. Situación actual y perspectivas
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Sánchez, E.
2006-02-01
Full Text Available The ceramics and glass industry in Spain has witnessed spectacular growth in recent years – particularly in the latter half of the 1990s – in products such as ceramic tiles, bricks and roofing tiles, driven by the building boom in Spain. However, at the start of the 21st century, growth has clearly flattened, owing to the emergence of production hubs in China, Brazil and Asian-Pacific countries. Raw materials have played a critical role in this new scenario, owing their impact on final product cost. With a view to analysing this role the present study first describes the principal raw materials used in ceramics and glass compositions, briefly indicating the functions of these raw materials. The study then reviews the evolution of raw materials consumption and prices in a strongly globalised business context, and seeks to identify the causes of certain mismatches between supply and demand. Finally, the challenges facing raw materials supply are discussed, particularly in regard to sustainable development of resources, threats and advantages of the global market, and research and development of new materials.
Los datos de la industria cerámica y vidriera en España muestran un espectacular crecimiento que tuvo lugar principalmente en la segunda mitad de los 90, en particular en productos relacionados con la construcción, como baldosas cerámicas o ladrillos y tejas, impulsados por una frenética actividad en este sector industrial en España. Sin embargo, con el comienzo de siglo, el modelo cerámico español muestra claros síntomas de agotamiento, como consecuencia del gran aumento de la producción en China, Brasil y países de la zona Asia-Pacífico. Las materias primas, por su gran incidencia en el coste final del producto, han jugado y jugarán un decisivo papel en este nuevo escenario. Para analizar este rol, en el presente trabajo se ha comenzado por describir las principales materias primas que intervienen en la formulaci
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Durán Suárez, J. A.
2014-12-01
Full Text Available New ceramic materials obtained from tungsten mining wastes, from region of Beira Interior in Portugal, with no commercial use, responsible for landscape and environmental problems are presented. These preshaped new ceramic products, prepared in a wide thermal range (800 °C to 1300 °C was evaluated by mechanical test, but also was characterized the starting raw materials: tungsten wastes mining and industrial kaolin. Results, which also include a mineralogical characterization of ceramic products and morphologic evaluation of neoformed by scanning electron microscopy, show firstly, the feasibility of converting a large number of these wastes in marketable ceramics. Thanks to the experimentation carried out, the ability to generate ceramic materials is emphasized, without the presence of mineral clay, due to the particular composition of these waste of mining with content of acid, neutral and basic oxides.Se presentan nuevos materiales cerámicos obtenidos a partir de residuos de minería de tungsteno que son extraídos en la región de Beira Interior en Portugal, con nulo aprovechamiento comercial a la par que provocan graves problemas paisajísticos y medioambientales. Los nuevos productos cerámicos, preparados en un amplio rango térmico (desde 800 ºC a 1300 ºC han sido evaluados mediante ensayos mecánicos principalmente, aunque también han sido caracterizadas las materias primas de partida: restos de minería de tungsteno y caolín industrial, con los que han sido conformados. Los resultados, que incluyen también una caracterización mineralógica de los productos cerámicos y evaluación morfológica de neoformados mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, ponen de manifiesto, en primer lugar, la factibilidad de transformar un gran número de estos residuos en productos cerámicos comercializables. Gracias a la experimentación realizada, se puede obtener una pasta industrial con 90 % de residuo sin modificar dramáticamente sus
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Thomas Böhler
2013-10-01
Full Text Available In the German EvAKuJ observational cohort study, changes in the body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS of overweight and obese children and adolescents as primary outcome of multimodal (short, inpatient or long, outpatient weight-loss interventions are difficult to interpret. Published intention-to-treat (ITT and per protocol data obtained at the end of the intervention (T1, one year (T2, and two years (T3 after its end were used for sensitivity analysis of treatment success rates. The odds ratio and the number needed to treat (NNT for BMI-SDS reduction of at least −0.2 (successful treatment and at least −0.5 (good treatment success were related to spontaneous BMI-SDS reduction rates in a hypothetical control group (control event rate, CER. At T1, treatment seems to be effective up to a CER of 10% in inpatients and of 5% in outpatients. ITT analysis, compromised by a loss to follow-up of 81 to 90% (inpatients and 57 to 66% (outpatients, indicated that treatment may become less effective at a CER above 1% in inpatients (e.g., successful treatment at T2: NNT=106, at T3: NNT=51, and above 5% in outpatients (successful treatment at T2: NNT=7, at T3: NNT=8; good treatment success at T2 and T3: NNT=25. Positive short-term effects of inpatient treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents may not be maintained in the long term. Long-term effectiveness of outpatient treatment may depend on age and the degree of overweight.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Arnone, Enrico; Berg, Peter; Boberg, Fredrik
2008-01-01
In this report we give an overview of the Eurosprite observation programme and present the results of the Eurosprite 2005 campaign. These campaigns search for occurrences of transient luminous events, such as red sprites, above thunderstorms in France, Spain, northern Italy, Switzerland and south...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hansen, Kasper Møller; Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina
2014-01-01
sites and Facebook sites are popular among candidates but other features such as blogs, feeds, newsletter, video uploads, SMS and twitter are used by less than half the candidates. Second, only age and possibly education seem to matter when explaining the uptake of cyber-campaigning. The prominent...... candidates are not significantly more likely to use cyber-campaigning tools and activities. Third, the analysis of the effect of cyber-campaigning shows that the online score has an effect on the inter-party competition for personal votes, but it does not have a significant effect when controlling for other...
Education campaigns: pointers and pitfalls.
Mariasy, J
1988-01-01
The best protection from AIDS is prevention, and this fact makes AIDS awareness campaigns a high priority. Since there are cases of well informed groups that still do not alter their sexual behavior (i.e. teenagers in the UK and San Francisco), fact forcing campaigns cannot be the method of AIDS education. Facts along with behavioral motivation are needed. AIDS awareness campaigns must recognize denial factors that must be overcome before the campaign is even taken seriously. On the other end of the spectrum, exaggerated fears leading to irrational behavior and stigmatization must be prevented by supplying counselling programs to dispel these fears. A campaign must build trust and not underestimate its target population so that their self respect remains high enough to motivate them towards assertive action. Cultural problems, such as women who cannot discuss sexual options for fear of being socially stigmatized, need to have programs that instruct as well as develop a environment that supports change. School women's groups, work places, clinics, community networks, and religious organizations know a local temperament and beliefs, and therefore should be consulted on designing messages that best fit their peers language, literacy, and economic circumstances. Their is no single answer for an AIDS awareness campaign, but a mixture of facts, explanation, persuasion, and reassurance for each targeted community must be well planned. Since each campaign is an experiment, it should be carefully regulated.
11 CFR 9002.11 - Qualified campaign expense.
2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualified campaign expense. 9002.11 Section 9002.11 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: GENERAL ELECTION FINANCING DEFINITIONS § 9002.11 Qualified campaign expense. (a) Qualified campaign expense means...
11 CFR 9032.9 - Qualified campaign expense.
2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualified campaign expense. 9032.9 Section 9032.9 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY MATCHING FUND DEFINITIONS § 9032.9 Qualified campaign expense. (a) Qualified campaign expense...
Biomineralización en cerámicas nanoestructuradas de aluminato de cinc
Álvarez-Pérez, M.A.; García-Hipólito, M.; de la Fuente-Hernández, J.; Suárez-Franco, J.L.; Juárez-Islas, J.A.; Álvarez-Fregoso, O.
2010-01-01
Las cerámicas nanoestructuradas en película delgada se han propuesto como una nueva opción de recubrimientos en implantes ortopédicos y dentales. Con esto en mente, se realizó un estudio para investigar el efecto de la nanotopografía en el proceso de biomineralización por medio de la preparación de películas delgadas con base en el aluminato de cinc con morfología nanométrica por el método de rocío pirolítico. Los resultados obtenidos al cultivar células osteoblásticas en las nanocerámicas, i...
Síntese e caracterização da cerâmica PZT dopada com estrôncio e com nióbio e estrôncio
Gasparotto, Gisele [UNESP
2002-01-01
A cerâmica Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo, PZT, se destaca por suas notáveis características piezoelétricas, sendo candidata a várias aplicações tecnológicas como transdutores, dispositivos ressonantes, entre outras, devido também a seu baixo custo e facilidade na fabricação (DESHPANDE, 1994). A adição de íons modificadores pode melhorar as propriedades da cerâmica, tornando-a mais eficiente. Inúmeros íons como nióbio (Nb+5) e estrôncio (Sr+2) podem ser usados para alterar parâmetros estruturai...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. O. Carlos
2005-06-01
Full Text Available Devido ao custo da energia, tem crescido o interesse pelo uso de cerâmicas refratárias porosas como isolantes térmicos para aplicações em altas temperaturas. Isso se deve ao fato desses materiais aliarem propriedades intrínsecas das cerâmicas, como inércia química e refratariedade, à baixa condutividade térmica dos porosos. Uma das técnicas utilizadas na obtenção desses materiais consiste na adição de compostos orgânicos à matriz cerâmica, os quais volatilizam durante a queima. Essa técnica pode ter seu desempenho aprimorado (porosidade controlada pela utilização da heterocoagulação entre as partes inorgânicas e orgânicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da heterocoagulação na fabricação de cerâmicas porosas utilizando PVC ou amido como aditivo orgânico e alumina como componente inorgânico. Foram definidas as condições mais favoráveis à heterocoagulação para os dois incorporadores. Independente do tipo de incorporador, o aumento do teor utilizado resultou em cerâmicas mais porosas. Entretanto, um teor máximo de 50vol% do material orgânico foi escolhido, uma vez que maiores teores resultam em uma resistência mecânica insatisfatória. Verificou-se ainda que, em comparação com o processo convencional, as cerâmicas produzidas por heterocoagulação apresentaram maior homogeneidade microestrutural e resistência mecânica.The crisis faced by the energy sector has led to a growing interest in the use of refractory porous ceramics as high temperature insulators, due to their unique combination of properties: chemical inertia, refractoriness and low thermal conductivity. Among the several techniques employed in the production of these materials, the addition of organic particles, which volatilize during the first heat-up, to the ceramic matrix is one of the most promising techniques. This procedure can be optimized in order to attain a better control over the porosity using the
O céu é o limite: como extrapolar as normas rígidas da cerâmica Guarani
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gislene Monticelli
Full Text Available A cultura Guarani, entendida de modo generalizante, pode ser considerada como a manifestação de uma sociedade prescritiva, as análises e interpretações das vasilhas de cerâmica (ou os fragmentos destas, confeccionadas pelas ceramistas Guarani no passado, por um lado, demonstram um apego às normas estilísticas e às regras tecnológicas bem definidas. Alguns aspectos, como forma e função, foram fundamentais para que as vasilhas pudessem ser reconhecidas e assim tivessem a garantia de utilização adequada, seja em atividades cotidianas ou rituais ao longo do tempo. É possível encontrar alguns casos em que houve a modificação de aspectos, que demonstram a capacidade e a vontade das ceramistas em inovar. São ilustrados exemplos de inovações em uma coleção de fragmentos e vasilhas encontradas em sítio arqueológico às margens do rio Pelotas, na divisa dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, ao final dos anos de 1990, por ocasião do salvamento do patrimônio ameaçado pelo impacto de um empreendimento de grande porte. A cerâmica obtida neste sítio demonstra uma autêntica 'fábrica de idéias'. Desta forma, acreditamos ser possível resgatar informações que são fundamentais na busca da compreensão da cerâmica guarani obtida em nossas pesquisas arqueológicas, ajudando a compreender o que a faz única e, ao mesmo tempo, tão diversa.
New computer security campaign
Alizée Dauvergne
2010-01-01
A new campaign is taking shape to promote computer security. The slogan “SEC_RITY is not complete without U!” reminds users of the importance of their contribution. The campaign kicks off on 10 June with a public awareness day in the Council Chamber. The new campaign, organised by CERN’s computer security team, will focus on prevention and involving the user. “This is an education and awareness-raising campaign for all users at CERN,” explains Stefan Lueders, in charge of computer security. “Every day, we register thousands of computer attacks against CERN: there are attempts to tamper with web pages, hack into user accounts, take over servers, and much more. A successful attack could mean confidential user information being divulged, services being interrupted or data being lost. It could even affect operations at CERN. Another factor is the damage that a successful attack could inflict on the Organization’s reputation. &...
Correlação entre permeabilidade e resistência mecânica de filtros cerâmicos no sistema Al2O3-SiC
Salvini,V. R.; Innocentini,M. D. M.; Pandolfelli,V. C.
2000-01-01
Tem sido crescente o uso de cerâmicas reticulares em processos de refino e purificação de metais fundidos, filtração de gases quentes e combustão catalítica. A aplicação depende da composição química e das propriedades físicas do material (número de poros por polegada linear (ppi), porosidade e diâmetro de poro). Há um consenso de que a melhoria das propriedades dos filamentos resulta em um melhor desempenho mecânico do filtro cerâmico. Entretanto, a análise dos valores de resistência mecânic...
Cerámicas y sistemas para restauraciones CAD-CAM: una revisión
Caparroso Pérez, Carlos; Duque Vargas, Jaiver Andrés
2010-01-01
En la actualidad disponemos de muchos sistemas para hacer de restauraciones indirectas libres de metal, el de mayor actualidad y uso es el denominado CAD-CAM, cuyo diseño y elaboración son asistidas por un computador. Para la elaboración de una restauración por este método se deben seguir tres fases: digitalización de la preparación dental obtenida por medio de un escáner, diseño de la restauración lograda mediante de un programa de computador y maquinado de un bloque cerámico del cual se obt...
Impact of French advertising campaign
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chaussade, Jean-Pierre; Ansel, Philippe
1993-01-01
'Today, some 75 % of France's electricity is generated by nuclear plants'. This was the theme of the advertising campaign launched for the second time in May 1992 by Electricite de France in national daily newspapers and magazines, in regional publications, on cinema and on TV. Compared to 1991 the second campaign was a new step in communication: first, was the wish to inform better the public. A Minitel program '3614 EDF' was created and connected by general public including a lot of information about nuclear energy and the way to visit a nuclear plant; secondly, was the use of TV media to target a larger population. The TV spot, 'the nuclear drill', uses humor to get more impact on the public. The campaign received an encouraging reception from the press, which admired its boldness and originality. As far as the general public is concerned, the campaign achieved its goals, as illustrated by the results of post-campaign surveys carried out to measure its effect. The segment of population targeted by campaign was mainly the so called 'pragmatics'. 'Pragmatics', who account for 25 % of the French population, are young, have a good education and are well informed. This category was selected as it shows a subtle attitude towards nuclear power, with more doubts than certainties. Moreover, this segment of the population has proven to be open to information issued by EDF and also plays a key role in influencing social trends. 63% of the segment targeted by the campaign (pragmatics) and 56% of the whole french population saw the ads
Arcillas Wealdenses en Cantabria (N. de España: Su Aprovechamiento Cerámico
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Díaz Rodríguez, L. A.
2006-02-01
Full Text Available Several clay sediments from the Weald facies (Barcena Mayor Formation, Vega de Pas Formation , including Upper Valanginian to Barremian belonging to the Pas Group (Lower Cretaceous Period from Cantabria (N. Spain have been studied . Fifty two samples were extracted from several outcroppings and granulometric, mineralogic and chemical analyses were carried out. Samples from the clay-rich zones were technologically characterized and the results indicate that they could be used as red stoneware ceramic products (facing bricks, roof, and floor tiles.
Se investiga la caracterización cerámica de los materiales arcillosos existentes en Cantabria (N. de España pertenecientes a la facies Weald. Esta facies está englobada, dentro del Periodo Cretácico Inferior, en el denominado Grupo de Pas, que consta de dos formaciones: Formación Bárcena Mayor y Formación Vega de Pas (abarcando en Edad desde el Valanginiense Superior hasta el Barremiense. Las muestras tomadas (52 en total dentro de estas dos secuencias deposicionales fueron sometidas a su caracterización granulométrica, mineralógica y química, para posteriormente, en las zonas favorables, realizar los oportunos ensayos tecnológicos. Los resultados obtenidos confirman su excelente viabilidad para la fabricación de productos cerámicos de la construcción en los sectores de ladrillos caravista y tejas y, sobre todo, como pavimentos y revestimientos de pasta roja.
2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Use of payments; examples of qualified campaign expenses and non-qualified campaign expenses. 9004.4 Section 9004.4 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: GENERAL ELECTION FINANCING ENTITLEMENT OF ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES...
Entalhamento de cerâmicas para medida de tenacidade à fratura pelo método SEVNB
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. Ribeiro
2013-06-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma máquina para entalhamento de corpos de prova cerâmicos, bem como a escolha e a execução do entalhamento, usando SiC sinterizado via fase líquida, com adições de Al2O3 e Yb2O3, como material experimental para ser entalhado. Foi desenvolvido e construído, junto a uma empresa de S. Carlos-SP, um equipamento que permite produzir entalhes finos em corpos cerâmicos para posterior ruptura, visando determinar K IC pelo método SEVNB. Amostras de SiC com 10% de Al2O3+Yb2O3 foram sinterizadas a 1950 ºC, retificadas e entalhadas com lâminas de barbear e pastas diamantadas de 15, 9, 6, 3, 1 e 0,25 µm. A máquina produzida para o entalhamento das amostras está em operação no DEMAR-EEL-USP e, ao que se sabe, é a primeira no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que em função da espessura da lâmina e da granulometria do agente abrasivo, pode-se produzir entalhes com diferentes raios de curvatura de sua ponta e profundidades.
Policymaking based on CERs: changes in costs are not the same as changes in benefits
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Evers Silvia MAA
2005-03-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Earlier cost-effectiveness studies showed the cost-effectiveness ratios for pneumococcal vaccination in preventing cases of Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease (BPD alone to vary between € 11,000 and € 33,000 per quality-adjusted life year. If vaccination is also assumed to be effective in preventing cases of Non Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease (NBPD (at the same level of effectiveness, vaccinating all elderly persons becomes highly cost-effective or even cost saving. Methods The present article examines the effect of partial preventive power of the vaccine against cases of NBPD additional to its preventive power against cases of BPD, and the consequences this has in terms of cost-effectiveness. Results The analysis shows that even a fairly small additional preventive power against cases of NBPD leads to a dramatic and unexpected decrease in the cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion Because a Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (CER is a ratio, changes in costs and changes in effects have rather different influences on its value. There is a linear relation between a change in costs and a change in CER if the effects are kept constant. This linear relation is not found on the effect side. Assuming that costs are constant, a change in effect will be different for low levels of effect than for high levels.
29 CFR 452.79 - Opportunity to campaign.
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Opportunity to campaign. 452.79 Section 452.79 Labor... DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Campaign Safeguards § 452.79 Opportunity to campaign. There must be a reasonable... prior to the election so that he was denied an equal opportunity to campaign. Similarly, in a mail...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. Garcia
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Com intuito de se obter vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais, vem se acentuando o interesse da indústria do cimento para adições minerais em substituição parcial ao clínquer no cimento Portland. Uma das adições minerais mais comuns e que vem ganhando espaço no mercado brasileiro corresponde à argila calcinada, que agrega basicamente as características de pozolanicidade aos seus produtos compostos. Um material com propriedades potencialmente similares às argilas calcinadas e ainda não aproveitado como pozolana no país refere-se aos resíduos da indústria de cerâmica vermelha (RCV. Este trabalho buscou aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as propriedades cimentícias dos RCV, focalizando-se as propriedades pozolânicas de oito amostras coletadas em cerâmicas representativas de quatro dos principais polos paulistas, e suas relações com as composições das matérias-primas utilizadas (massas cerâmicas e com a temperatura de queima. Os resíduos cerâmicos, após moagem controlada, mostraram-se adequados para a utilização como aditivo pozolânico para o cimento Portland. As amostras ensaiadas apresentaram um consumo médio de 500 mg de Ca(OH2/grama de amostra no Ensaio Chapelle, suplantando em 14,7% o valor mínimo normatizado. A máxima reatividade verificada situa-se na faixa de temperatura de queima entre 700 °C e 800 °C. Esse intervalo de maior reatividade corresponde aos patamares de queima usuais praticados nas empresas de cerâmica vermelha, o que corrobora com o potencial de aproveitamento de seus resíduos como adição mineral, fazendo com que o RCV possa constituir uma nova fonte de material pozolânico para o setor cimenteiro no país.
Fabricación y caracterización de membranas cerámicas tubulares para microfiltración
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Marchese, J.
2000-04-01
Full Text Available A method to prepare and characterize different microfiltration ceramic membranes is described here. The membranes are composite and consist in a macroporous support, giving high mechanical resistance, onto which a thin microporous layer is deposited. This active film determines the retention properties of the membrane. Several versions of these membranes were prepared by controlling: particle size, chemical formulation of the paste and its thermal treatment. Both the support and the active layer were obtained from slips consisting in caolin, clay, feldespatum etc. The morphology of the active layer, support and composite membrane have been investigated by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy and hydraulic permeabilities. Structural properties and permselectivity make these membranes appropriate to be efficiently used in microfiltration processes.
En este trabajo se describe el método de preparación y la caracterización de diversas membranas cerámicas tubulares con utilidad en el campo de la microfiltración. Se trata de membranas compuestas formadas por un soporte macroporoso que le confiere resistencia mecánica y una capa delgada microporosa o superficie activa depositada sobre el soporte que es la que determina las características retentivas de la membrana. Se prepararon diversas versiones de estas membranas a partir de materias primas cerámicas controlando, entre otras, variables como: el tamaño de partículas, la formulación química de la pasta y su tratamiento térmico. El material del soporte y de la capa activa se obtiene a partir de barbotinas a base de caolín, arcilla, feldespato, alúmina, etc. La morfología estructural del soporte, capa activa y membrana compuesta se ha estudiado mediante técnicas de AFM (Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica y permeabilidades hidráulicas. Las propiedades estructurales y permeoselectivas de estas membranas cerámicas, hacen que sean apropiadas para procesos de microfiltración.
Lopes, Angela; Leite, Fabiola; Valandro, Luis Felipe; Siqueira, Luciana; Pimenta, Luiz André; Neisser, Maximiliano Piero
2010-01-01
Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência adesiva entre uma cerâmica hidrotérmica (Symbio ceram, Degussa), silanizada ou não e aderida à uma resina composta (Filtec Z100- 3M ESPE) por um cimento resinoso (Panavia F, Kuraray). Foram confeccionados 2 blocos, divididos em 2 grupos assim constituídos: Grupo I-tratamento de superfície da cerâmica com ácido fluorídrico a 10% e união a um substrato (resina compost...
Radon campaigns. Status report 2008
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Arvela, H.; Valmari, T.; Reisbacka, H.; Niemelae, H.; Oinas, T.; Maekelaeinen, I.; Laitinen-Sorvari, R.
2008-12-01
Radon campaigns aim at activating citizens to make indoor radon measurements and remediation as well as increasing the common awareness of indoor radon questions. Indoor radon increases the risk of lung cancer. Through radon campaigns Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) also promotes the attainment of those goals that the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health has set for municipal authorities in Finland for prevention of the harmful effects of radon. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health supports this campaign. Radon campaigns were started in autumn 2003. By autumn 2008 the campaigns have been organised already in 64 regions altogether in 160 municipalities. In some municipalities they have already arranged two campaigns. Altogether 14 100 houses have been measured and in 2 100 of these the action limit of radon remediation 400 Bq / m 3 has been exceeded. When participating in radon campaigns the house owners receive a special offer on radon detectors with a reduced price. In 2008 a new practice was introduced where the campaign advertisements were distributed by mail to low-rise residential houses in a certain region. The advertisement includes an order / deposit slip with postage paid that the house owner can send directly to STUK to easily make an order for radon measurement. In the previous radon campaigns in 2003 - 2007 the municipal authorities collected the orders from house owners and distributed later the radon detectors. The radon concentrations measured in the campaign regions have exceeded the action limit of 400 Bq / m 3 in 0 - 39% of houses, depending on the region. The total of 15% of all measurements made exceeded this limit. The remediation activities have been followed by sending a special questionnaire on remedies performed to the house owners. In 2006 - 2007 a questionnaire was sent to those households where the radon concentration of 400 Bq / m 3 was exceeded during the two first campaign seasons. Among the households that replied
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The GRIP Campaign Reports dataset consists of various reports filed by scientists during the GRIP campaign which took place 8/15/2010 - 9/30/2010; however, several...
Darsareh, Fatemeh; Aghamolaei, Teamur; Rajaei, Minoo; Madani, Abdoulhossain; Zare, Shahram
2018-06-18
The steep increase and inappropriateness of caesarean birth represent a healthcare problem in Iran. The purpose of study was to evaluate the effect of a campaign based on social marketing to promote normal childbirth. The study was designed as a prospective case control study. The social marketing campaign was implemented from March 2016 to January 2017. A demographic data questionnaire, obstetrical history questionnaire, maternal knowledge assessment questionnaire, and maternal health belief questionnaire comprised the instruments for this study. Only women planning a caesarean birth without any medical indications for the caesarean were enrolled in the study as a case. Those who met the same inclusion criteria and did not want to participate in the campaign were assigned to the control group. In total, 350 first-time pregnant women who composed the campaign group (n=194) and control group (n=156) completed the study. The mean baseline level of knowledge and Health Belief Model component score did not differ between the two groups at baseline. However, after the campaign, knowledge scores, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and cues to action scores differed significantly between the campaign and control groups. The follow-up of all participants in both groups showed that 35.6% (n=69) of participants in the campaign group chose natural birth as their birth method, whereas only 13.5% (n=21) in the control group delivered their newborn vaginally. The B Butterfly social marketing campaign successfully targeted first-time pregnant women who chose to have unnecessary elective cesarean births. Copyright © 2018 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The 2016 iodine pill distribution campaign
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Delmestre, A.; Le Guen, B.
2016-01-01
The last iodine pills were distributed in february 2009, they are now outdated and a new campaign has been launched. Each family will receive a voucher to recover iodine pills from the nearby pharmacy. The aim of this new campaign is of course to protect people in case of severe nuclear accident but also to develop a radiation protection culture among the population. During the previous campaign only 51% of the concerned people went to the pharmacy to get the pills. The 2016 campaign will involve the public and all the establishments open to the public in a range of 10 km around each of the 19 nuclear power plants. It concerns 500 municipalities, 375.000 households, 55.000 enterprises and public utilities and 275 pharmacies are involved in the campaign. (A.C.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Rita Delgado
2009-01-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito osteoindutor dos fatores de crescimento contidos no plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP quando associados a cerâmicas no processo de fusão na coluna vertebral de ratos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Laminectomia lombar foi realizada em 16 ratos Lewis isogênicos para implantar cerâmica. O PRP foi preparado no ato operatório a partir do sangue de outras duas cobaias.os grupos estudo e controle foram estabelecidos por randomização, recebendo o grupo estudo cerâmica associada a PRP e o controle apenas cerâmica. Os animais foram sacrificados após 10 semanas e as colunas enviadas para análise histopatológica. RESULTADOS: Intensa atividade osteoblástica e osteoclástica e completa reabsorção da cerâmica foram achados no grupo estudo. No grupo controle havia ilhotas de osso em meio a tecido fibroso e cerâmica não reabsorvida. Discussão: Os fatores de crescimento liberados pelas plaquetas agem ligando-se à superfície de osteoblastos e fibroblastos, estimulando a síntese de colágeno para formação de matriz óssea. macrófagos ativados continuam secretando os fatores de crescimento e estimulando a osteogênese. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de PRP associado a cerâmica mostrou maior atividade osteoblástica e osteoclástica e completa reabsorção da cerâmica em relação à enxertia da mesma isoladamente na coluna vertebral de ratos.OBJECTIVE: To assess the osteoinductive action of platelet-rich plasma when associated to ceramics in the spine of rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Laminectomy was performed in 16 isogenic Lewis rats for posterior ceramic grafting. PRP was prepared intraoperatively using blood collected from two other rats. Study and control groups were set by randomization, with the study group receiving ceramics associated to PRP, and the control group receiving only ceramics. The animals were sacrificed for histopathological analysis after 10 weeks. RESULTS: Strong osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity and full re
Inoculation in Political Campaign Communication.
Pfau, Michael; Burgoon, Michael
1988-01-01
Posits a strategy of resistance to the influence of attack messages in political campaigns. Finds that political campaign messages can be designed to inoculate supporters of candidates against subsequent attack messages of opposing candidates. (MS)
Associação entre a morfologia de trincas de pisos cerâmicos e seu comportamento mecânico em fratura
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
E. S. Fonseca
2015-09-01
Full Text Available ResumoEste trabalho analisou os dados obtidos a partir de ensaios a flexão em um lote de 40 corpos de provas de placas cerâmicos, preparados da mesma forma de acordo com a norma brasileira de ensaios NBR 13818:1997. Os dados de resistência à flexão obtidos nos testes, na forma de curvas tensão versus flexão, foram avaliados estatisticamente. Análises estatísticas detalhadas mostraram dois subgrupos diferentes de comportamento mecânico apresentado pelos corpos de prova cerâmicos testados. A análise fractográfica de amostras representativas destes dois grupos indicaram diferenças morfológicas relevantes nas fraturas obtidas destas amostras durante o ensaio. Essas diferenças puderam ser associadas com o comportamento mecânico apresentados pelas amostras analisadas.
Sood, Suruchi; Nambiar, Devaki
2006-01-01
Numerous studies show that exposure to entertainment-education-based mass media campaigns is associated with reduction in risk behaviors. Concurrently, there is a growing interest in comparing the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions taking into account infrastructural and programmatic costs. In such analyses, though few in number, mass media campaigns have fared well. Using data from a mass media communication campaign in the low HIV prevalence states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi in Northern India, in this article we examine the following: (1) factors that mediate behavior change in different components of the campaign, comprising a TV drama, reality show for youth audiences, and TV spots; (2) the relative impact of campaign components on the behavioral outcome: condom use; and (3) the cost-effectiveness calculations arising from this analysis. Results suggest that recall of the TV spots and the TV drama influences behavior change and is strongly associated with interpersonal communication and positive gender attitudes. The TV drama, in spite of being the costliest, emerges as the most cost-effective component when considering the behavioral outcome of interest. The analysis of the comparative cost-effectiveness of individual campaign components provides insights into the planning of resources for communication interventions globally.
García Ramos, G.; González Vilches, M. C.; González García, Francisco
1985-01-01
Son muchos los métodos empleados para el estudio de las arcillas y de los productos cerámicos, contribuyendo de distinta manera, aunque complementaria, en el conocimiento de la composición, procedencia de los materiales, tecnología empleada en su elaboración y en general en todos aquellos procesos que se pudieron seguir en la tibricación del objeto cerámico. Estos métodos pueden ser, bien destructivos, aunque utilizando cantidades muy pequeñas de muestra, o bien no destructivos...
Rogers, Elizabeth A; Fine, Sarah C; Handley, Margaret A; Davis, Hodari B; Kass, James; Schillinger, Dean
2017-07-01
To examine the reach, efficacy, and adoption of The Bigger Picture, a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) social marketing campaign that uses spoken-word public service announcements (PSAs) to teach youth about socioenvironmental conditions influencing T2DM risk. A nonexperimental pilot dissemination evaluation through high school assemblies and a Web-based platform were used. The study took place in San Francisco Bay Area high schools during 2013. In the study, 885 students were sampled from 13 high schools. A 1-hour assembly provided data, poet performances, video PSAs, and Web-based platform information. A Web-based platform featured the campaign Web site and social media. Student surveys preassembly and postassembly (knowledge, attitudes), assembly observations, school demographics, counts of Web-based utilization, and adoption were measured. Descriptive statistics, McNemar's χ 2 test, and mixed modeling accounting for clustering were used to analyze data. The campaign included 23 youth poet-created PSAs. It reached >2400 students (93% self-identified non-white) through school assemblies and has garnered >1,000,000 views of Web-based video PSAs. School participants demonstrated increased short-term knowledge of T2DM as preventable, with risk driven by socioenvironmental factors (34% preassembly identified environmental causes as influencing T2DM risk compared to 83% postassembly), and perceived greater personal salience of T2DM risk reduction (p < .001 for all). The campaign has been adopted by regional public health departments. The Bigger Picture campaign showed its potential for reaching and engaging diverse youth. Campaign messaging is being adopted by stakeholders.
El estudio arqueométrico de la producciones cerámicas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
C. Olaetxea
2005-01-01
Full Text Available El estudio de la pasta de las cerámicas mediante lámina delgada, difracción de rayos X y su análisis quimico permite profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el origen de las mismas y en su tecnología de elaboración, asi como determinar las temperaturas minimas o maximas de cocción alcanzadas. De igual modo permite poner de manifiesto las modificaciones posteriores sufridas por el uso continuado de las mismas y por procesos tardíos debidos al soterramiento de las piezas. Los resultados obtenidos cotejados con la informacion arqueológica, la contextualización de los yacimientos y el entorno cultural de cada época permite constatar en algunos casos pautas comerciales o de intercambio
The articulation of transnational campaigns
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Strange, Michael Stewart
2011-01-01
The article traces the complex series of relations that are constitutive of transnational campaigning through empirical research, focusing on political campaigning critical of the WTO's General Agreement on Trade-in-Services. Applying the methodology of post-structuralist discourse theory......, as developed by Laclau and Mouffe, the article is able to move beyond the search for a ‘Global Civil Society' or ‘Transnational Advocacy Network', and instead focus on the articulatory process in which the relations central to transnational campaigning are produced. This empowers an analysis that is able...
Matysek, P.; Stryszewska, T.; Kańka, S.; Witkowski, M.
2016-01-01
En el artículo se presentan los resultados del estudio de los ladrillos cerámicos producidos en los años 80 del siglo XIX. Los ladrillos se obtuvieron del edificio que forma parte de un conjunto de cuarteles del archiduque Rudolfo en Cracovia en Polonia. En los estudios se han determinado los cambios de la resistencia a la compresión y la dureza de los ladrillos, por efecto de la saturación de agua del material cerámico. A efectos comparativos, se han realizado también estudios de ladrillos p...
Giuliano Polito
2008-01-01
Este trabalho investiga a resistência de aderência de revestimentos argamassados sobre a alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos, concentrando-se na análise da microestrutura da interface argamassa/substrato, correlacionando-se ao comportamento mecânico da argamassa e à adição de cal hidratada na argamassa. Neste estudo foram avaliados cinco traços distintos, composto de cimento:cal:areia (1:0:6; 1:1:6; 1:2:8; 1:2:10; 0:1:6), aplicados sobre substrato de bloco cerâmico seco, com a utilização de técnica...
Godoy Romero, Carolina
2016-01-01
Esta Tesis Doctoral se enmarca en una línea de investigación del Grupo Especializado de Materiales de la Universidad de Extremadura (GEMA-UEx) que se orienta hacia el diseño, fabricación y optimización mecánica de nuevos biomateriales para aplicaciones ortopédicas. Concretamente, se trata de estructuras porosas fabricadas mediante la técnica de moldeo robotizado (robocasting). Estas estructuras consisten en una red tridimensional de barras cerámicas obtenidas capa a capa por extrusión a travé...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. M. G. D. Mendonça
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Expansão por umidade (EPU é o aumento das dimensões dos materiais cerâmicos em virtude da adsorção de água. A EPU geralmente ocorre lentamente e é relativamente pequena, mas, mesmo assim, pode comprometer a aderência das placas cerâmicas ao contrapiso, levar ao gretamento do vidrado e conduzir ao aparecimento de trincas em tijolos. Neste trabalho empregaram-se massas incorporadas com resíduos de caulim e de granito objetivando estudar a EPU de revestimentos cerâmicos. As matérias-primas foram beneficiadas e submetidas às caracterizações físicas e mineralógicas através de ensaios de análise granulométrica por difração a laser, análise química, análise termodiferencial, termogravimétrica e difração de raios X. Os resultados mostraram que os resíduos de caulim e de granito podem ser utilizados como matéria-prima cerâmica alternativa, pois apresentam características similares às matérias-primas cerâmicas convencionais, permitindo a obtenção de peças com resultados de EPU satisfatórios quando comparado ao valor limite de 0,6 mm/m (0,06% proposto pela ABNT para revestimentos cerâmicos, notadamente em composições com teores de até 20% de resíduos, a temperaturas superiores a 1000 ºC.Moisture expansion (ME is the term used to describe the expansion of ceramic materials due to the adsorption of water. ME usually occurs slowly and is relatively small, but, it can damage the ceramic tiles adhesion to the underlayment, craze the glaze and lead to the development of cracks on ceramics bricks. In this work kaolin and granite wastes were incorporated in ceramic compositions aiming study their influence on the ME of ceramic tiles. Raw materials were processed and submitted to characterization: physical and mineralogical by laser diffraction particle size analysis, chemical analysis, thermodifferential and thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that kaolin and granite wastes can be
Voorveld, H.A.M.; van Noort, G.
2014-01-01
Inspired by the increasing popularity of advertising on social media, and especially on social network sites (SNSs), the aim of this study is to give insight into the effectiveness of SNS advertising. The first experimental study compares consumer responses to advertising on SNSs and television (TV) and demonstrates that while TV campaigns are evaluated more positively, SNS campaigns result in more favourable cognitive responses. Moreover, the persuasive intent of SNS campaigns is less recogn...
Kranzler, Elissa C; Gibson, Laura A; Hornik, Robert C
2017-10-01
Though previous research suggests the FDA's "The Real Cost" anti-smoking campaign has reduced smoking initiation, the theorized pathway of effects (through targeted beliefs) has not been evaluated. This study assesses the relationship between recall of campaign television advertisements and ad-specific anti-smoking beliefs. Respondents in a nationally representative survey of nonsmoking youths age 13-17 (n = 4,831) reported exposure to four The Real Cost advertisements and a fake ad, smoking-relevant beliefs, and nonsmoking intentions. Analyses separately predicted each targeted belief from specific ad recall, adjusting for potential confounders and survey weights. Parallel analyses with non-targeted beliefs showed smaller effects, strengthening claims of campaign effects. Recall of four campaign ads (but not the fake ad) significantly predicted endorsement of the ad-targeted belief (Mean β = .13). Two-sided sign tests indicated stronger ad recall associations with the targeted belief relative to the non-targeted belief (p < .05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that respondents who endorsed campaign-targeted beliefs were more likely to have no intention to smoke (p < .01). This study is the first to demonstrate a relationship between recall of ads from The Real Cost campaign and the theorized pathway of effects (through targeted beliefs). These analyses also provide a methodological template for showing campaign effects despite limitations of available data.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
B. C. Santis
2013-06-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo a caracterização de diferentes massas cerâmicas do estado de S. Paulo para a produção de agregados leves de argila calcinada visando à utilização em concretos de cimento Portland. A caracterização das massas cerâmicas deu-se por meio das técnicas de limites de liquidez e plasticidade, análise granulométrica, análise química e difração de raios X. Os corpos de prova confeccionados com essas massas cerâmicas, queimados a 900 ºC, foram caracterizados por meio da avaliação da retração linear, absorção de água, porosidade aparente, massa específica aparente, expansão por umidade e resistência à compressão. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram a viabilidade da produção de agregados leves de argila calcinada para utilização em concretos e os valores da massa específica (1,555 a 1,785 kg/m³ e da resistência à compressão (18,0 a 55,8 MPa apresentaram-se em um patamar intermediário entre os observados para a argila expandida (agregado leve comercial e para o agregado convencional (basalto.
Garcia Rosselló, Jaume
2010-01-01
La tesis doctoral que presentamos a continuación bajo el título: “Análisis traceológico de la cerámica: modelado y espacio social durante el postalayótico (V-I A.C.) en la Península de Santa Ponça (Calvià, Mallorca) tiene una doble orientación: Por una parte es una nueva propuesta metodológica fundamentada en la reconstrucción de los sistemas de modelado por medio de la traceología cerámica. Por otro, es una aplicación metodológica sobre un conjunto de cerámicas adscritas a la edad de hierro ...
La industria cerámica europea en el siglo XXI. Retos tecnológicos y desafíos de la próxima década
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Albors, J.
2006-02-01
Full Text Available The European, Spanish and Italian tile ceramic industry, has achieved today a relevant technology leadership. Nevertheless, in certain aspects of the tile ceramic manufacturing process, artisan cultures still subsist which are derived from the origin of the industry. This situation, combined with the crisis initiated at the start of the century, the globalisation, the increasing pressure of tile ceramic industries located in the East and the changes in the preferences of the customers presents/ a scenario which will cause determined technology demands on the tile ceramic process. The present communication reflects on these aspects from the perspective of the work developed by the MONOTONE project, financed by the European Commission.
La industria cerámica europea, española e italiana, ha logrado un liderazgo tecnológico importante en la actualidad. Sin embargo, en algunos aspectos del proceso de fabricación de la cerámica, subsisten culturas artesanales que aún perduran y que son derivadas del origen de la industria. Esta situación, combinada con la crisis iniciada en la actualidad, la globalización, la creciente presión de industrias cerámicas tan alejadas como la China y los cambios en las preferencias de los clientes presentan un panorama que va a acabar produciendo, previsiblemente, ciertas demandas tecnológicas sobre el proceso de manufactura cerámica, tras una fase previa de presión sobre el proceso de desarrollo de producto. La presente comunicación tratara de realizar una reflexión sobre estos aspectos desde la perspectiva de los trabajos desarrollados por el proyecto MONOTONE, financiado por la Comisión Europea y en el que participan 17 institutos y empresas europeas del sector1.
Estudio de distribución de tiempos de residencia en un reactor biológico de lecho empacado cerámico
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Tatiana Rodríguez Chaparro
2004-01-01
Full Text Available La distribución de tiempos de residencia de un reactor es una característica del mezclado que ocurre dentro de él [ ] 1 [ ] 2 ; su determinación es básica para el diseño de cualquier tipo de reactor en escala real. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar la distribución de tiempos de residencia en un reactor biológico de lecho empacado cerámico (anillos a partir de pruebas con trazadores. Los resultados obtenidos utilizando las técnicas de inyección por paso y pulso fueron 34.577 seg., y 17.745 seg., respectivamente, y la dispersión calculada infinita. Lo anterior permite concluir que en reactores de lecho empacado cerámico (anillos las moléculas del trazador se distribuyen uniformemente en todo el sistema. Los ensayos se realizaron en un modelo a escala laboratorio.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. L. Galatto
2009-03-01
Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o estudo experimental em escala laboratorial e industrial da incorporação de resíduo do tratamento de Drenagem Ácida de Mina (DAM na formulação de massa de cerâmica vermelha, com substituição parcial das argilas. Foram realizados algumas análises e ensaios nas amostras dos blocos cerâmicos: análise dilatométrica a verde, absorção de água, resistência à compressão, eflorescência de sais solúveis e emissões atmosféricas (MP e SOx. Os resultados das análises nos corpos de prova ensaiados indicam aumento de resistência a compressão. Os ensaios de eflorescência de sais solúveis indicam maior intensidade de cristalização de sais solúveis na superfície dos corpos de prova e blocos cerâmicos à medida que se aumenta o percentual de resíduo. As análises realizadas nos blocos cerâmicos ensaiados em escala industrial, recomendam uma proporção de até 2,5% de resíduo na massa cerâmica.An experimental laboratory and industry scale study of the incorporation of residue from Acid Drainage Mine (ADM in the ceramics mass, with partial substitution of clays, is presented. Some analyses and assays of the ceramic blocks were been carried out: dilatometry, water absorption, compressive strength, efflorescence and emissions (MP and SOx. The results show an increase of compressive strength. The efflorescence assays indicate greater intensity of crystallization of soluble salts in the surface of the ceramic blocks for increasing residue content. The analyses in the ceramic blocks in industrial scale recommend a ratio of up to 2.5% of waste in bulk ceramics.
La cerámica Khirbet Kerak (Beth Yerah, Israel y la etnicidad: un enfoque alternativo
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Bernardo Gandulla
2007-07-01
Full Text Available La cerámica Khirbet Kerak, descubierta en el sudoeste del Mar de Galilea en 1930 por W. F. Albright, ha sido desde entonces motivo de muchas controversias. Las razones de las discusiones en torno a este estilo radican en su carácter aparentemente intrusivo en Palestina, entre el 2800-2400 a.C., puesto que esta cerámica es típica en la Cultura Transcaucásica Temprana o Cultura Kura-Araxes y en Siria Septentrional, durante el Bronce Antiguo, siendo especialmente abundante en la etapa final de este período. Sin embargo los estudios realizados en Beth Shan (Chazan y McGovern, ver n. 17, muestran que los materiales Khirbet Kerak fueron de producción local lo que parece descartar su carácter intrusivo. Por tanto, desde nuestro punto de vista, el “fenómeno Khirbet Kerak” constituye así un hito de singular importancia en la conformación de las tradiciones culturales de Canaan a partir de un sustrato etnocultural común hurrita, en un eje de interacción cultural norte a sur desde la región del Lago Van, que habrá de proyectarse de distintas formas en la macrorregión alcanzando hasta los antiguos hebreos, en cuanto cananeos, como se reflejan en instituciones del derecho privado presentes en las narraciones del Génesis.Palabras clave: Canaán - Bronce Antiguo - Beth Yerah - Khirbet Kerak - Hurritas- Hebreos
Estudio de los factores que gobiernan la coloración de los esmaltes cerámicos
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Camacho, H.
2005-02-01
Full Text Available To obtain the usual colours in ceramic decoration several ceramic pigments formed by pure oxides and mixtures of different structures as spinels, zircon, badeleyite...were used. This study focussed in the physics principles that the mixtures of pigment must satisfy to determine the resulting colours. Six pigments were selected to obtain the maximum possible combinations to validate the superposition effects when the pigments are similar and the multi-dispersion effects when the pigments are dissimilar in the spectrum.
Para obtener toda la gama de colores habituales en la decoración cerámica se usan los pigmentos cerámicos, los cuales están formados por óxidos y mezclas de los mismos formando diferentes tipos de estructuras específicas espinelas, circones, badeleyita etc., que se pueden tener por separados o mezclados en busca del color que se quiere lograr. El presente estudio enfoca su atención en el cumplimiento de los principios físicos que cumplen los pigmentos al ser mezclados para la determinación del color resultante. Se escogen seis pigmentos de manera que se tengan la mayoría de las combinaciones posibles y se observa la validez de la superposición para pigmentos cercanos en el espectro luminoso y el mayor efecto de la multidispersión para pigmentos lejanos en dicho espectro.
Fernández Cerdeño, Araceli; Martínez-Donate, Ana P; Zellner, Jennifer A; Sañudo, Fernando; Carrillo, Héctor; Engelberg, Moshe; Sipan, Carol; Hovell, Melbourne
2012-01-01
This article describes the development process of Hombres Sanos, a social marketing campaign to promote HIV testing and condom use for heterosexually identified Latino men who have sex with men and women. The steps included qualitative formative research and a social marketing analytic framework to understand our target audience better, identify incentives and barriers to risk reduction, guide product development, define an optimal promotional campaign, and inform the selection of campaign platforms. A better grasp of the authors' target beneficiaries' needs and values led to an innovative dual strategy for audience segmentation and targeting. The campaign had consumer-centered, culturally sensitive, and theory-driven communication materials. The authors found communication materials and events to be appealing and effective. The campaign was well received among the wider community, and evaluation showed promising results among Latino men in general and among heterosexually identified Latino men who have sex with men and women in particular. The authors provide a step-by-step overview of the project's formative research, including research methods and findings, and how these were translated into a social marketing campaign. In addition, the authors discuss the challenges encountered in this process and the potential of social marketing to reduce HIV risk among Latinos.
A quantitative analysis of the cost-effectiveness of project types in the CDM pipeline
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Green, Gavin A.
2008-09-15
The flexibility of the CDM is intended to reduce the cost of compliance for Annex 1 countries and contribute to cost-effective reductions. This paper provides a framework for defining cost-effective payments for CDM carbon reductions. The projects in the CDM pipeline are categorised into project types. The data provided in the Project Design Documents is quantitatively assessed to calculate the median cost and range of costs for producing a CER from the project categories. These are measured against the range of prices in the market in order to estimate the level of cost-effectiveness. Global warming potential and size of the project were shown to be key factors in the cost of producing a CER. The results show that although prices for CERs are difficult to define in the primary CER market, many of the project categories generated CERs at a cost well below the lowest market price. The difference in these two values is defined as a loss in cost-effectiveness. The CDM is shown to be successful at developing the 'lowest hanging fruit' but the mechanism could be improved to fulfil the goal of cost-effectiveness by linking the price per CER to the cost of generating a CER. (au)
Aplicación de principios de Kansei en el diseño cerámico
Agost Torres, María Jesús; Vergara Monedero, Margarita
2016-01-01
El estudio de las impresiones afectivas provocadas por los productos es un tema de gran interés tanto en investigación como en el mundo empresarial. Entre las técnicas para cuantificar los significados y emociones de producto destaca la Ingeniería Kansei, que estudia la relación de características concretas de diseño con las impresiones subjetivas generadas. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de parámetros objetivos de diseño de los pavimentos cerámicos en la p...
29 CFR 452.67 - Distribution of campaign literature.
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Distribution of campaign literature. 452.67 Section 452.67... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Campaign Safeguards § 452.67 Distribution of campaign literature. The Act... distribute his campaign literature to the membership at his expense. When the organization or its officers...
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CUBAS, M., BOLADO DEL CASTILLO, R., PEREDA ROSALES, E.M. y FERNÁNDEZ VEGA, P.A.
2013-01-01
En este artículo se presenta una visión diacrónica de la cerámica en la actual provincia de Cantabria desde su aparición (V milenio cal BC hasta el momento en el que finaliza lo que tradicionalmente se ha considerado como Prehistoria (siglo I cal BC. Se señalan las características tecnológicas, morfológicas y decorativas, resaltando aquellos rasgos comunes de los conjuntos cerámicos documentados durante este intervalo cronológico.
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Galindo, M.
2009-02-01
Full Text Available This paper presents an alternative to the use of conventional ceramic frits as raw materials that contribute boron to glaze compositions: a new semi-processed borate (patent pending (WO 2007/148101. The solubility of this new raw material is analysed and compared with that exhibited by conventional ceramic frits and other, natural and processed borates. This comparative analysis has been performed by determining the boron percentage present in the liquid phase of several glaze compositions prepared with each of these raw materials, modifying the type of deflocculant used and the solid/liquid contact time. The results of this study demonstrate the low solubility of the new semi-processed borate and its suitability for use in ceramic glaze formulation.
En el presente trabajo se presenta una alternativa a la utilización de fritas cerámicas convencionales como materias primas que aportan boro a las composiciones de esmalte: un nuevo borato sintético (patente pendiente WO2007/148101. Se ha estudiado y comparado la solubilidad de esta nueva materia prima con la que exhiben las fritas cerámicas convencionales y otros boratos, tanto naturales como sintéticos. Para ello, se ha determinado el porcentaje de boro presente en la fase líquida de varios esmaltes preparados con cada una de dichas materias primas, modificando el tipo de desfloculante utilizado y el tiempo de contacto sólido/líquido. El resultado de este trabajo ha puesto de manifiesto la baja solubilidad que presenta el nuevo borato sintético y su aptitud para ser usado en la formulación de esmaltes cerámicos.
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R. D. dos Anjos
2005-06-01
Full Text Available Suspensões cerâmicas com adequado comportamento reológico são imprescindíveis para a aplicação, adequação do processamento e otimização das propriedades finais dos produtos. No entanto, o uso de técnicas de reometria para análise de suspensões cerâmicas foi pouco explorado na literatura, quando comparado a outros sistemas, tais como polímeros fundidos. Desse modo, pretende-se demonstrar que o emprego de técnicas mais modernas de reometria permite uma nova compreensão desses materiais e das interações entre seus componentes. Neste trabalho foi estabelecida uma metodologia de análise para sistemas cerâmicos tendo como objeto de pesquisa uma suspensão de alumina e sol de sílica. Foi realizada uma série de medidas de viscosidade (eta, módulos de armazenamento (G' e de perda (G" e de força normal (Fn, cujos resultados servirão de base para estudos posteriores no mesmo sistema, visando aplicação em concretos refratários.Ceramic suspensions with suitable rheological properties are essential on application, process control and optimization of end products and properties. Nevertheless, the use of rheometric techniques to analyze such suspensions has been scarcely studied when compared to other systems, such as molten polymers. Therefore, in the present work, novel rheometric techniques will be presented which can allow a further understanding regarding these materials and the interaction among their components. A systematic study applying these techniques was established and the viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus and normal force measurements were evaluated in a ceramic suspension containing alumina and silica sol. These results will be the fundaments for further studies, aiming their application on refractory castables.
INTEGRATED ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adina Claudia NEAMŢU
2010-06-01
Full Text Available Campaign and especially advertising campaign represents one of the variables of the marketing mix, an important one, being difficult to separate its contribution from the one of the other elements. Irrespective of the specific object that is behind an advertising company, the investment will be retrieved only if the right information is transmitted to the right persons in the right way. This is difficult to accomplish if the advertising responsible in that firm do not understand appropriately: the market nature; the product nature; the distribution channels nature; the communication channels nature – available advertising supports and their features
Do vegetarian marketing campaigns promote a vegan diet?
James, Waters
2015-01-01
This paper examines whether vegetarian marketing campaigns promote a vegan diet. Our trivariate model of omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan consumption is estimated using twenty years of UK data. For short-lived campaigns, we find no persistent effect, but observe a rise and fall in vegan numbers during adjustment. For long-running campaigns, we find that for every person who adopts a vegetarian diet in such a campaign, around 0.34 people adopt a vegan diet. In a campaign to market veganis...
Campaign rhetoric: A model of reputation
Aragonés, Enriqueta; Postlewaite, Andrew
2000-01-01
We analyze conditions under which a candidate's campaign rhetoric may affect the beliefs of the voters over what policy the candidate will implement in case he wins the election. We develop a model of repeated elections with complete information in which candidates are purely ideological. Voter's strategies involve a credible threat to punish candidates that renege of their campaign promises, and in equilibrium all campaign promises are believed by voters, and honore...
Ashwood, J Scott; Briscombe, Brian; Collins, Rebecca L; Wong, Eunice C; Eberhart, Nicole K; Cerully, Jennifer; May, Libby; Roth, Beth; Burnam, M Audrey
2017-01-01
This article examines the potential impact of the California Mental Health Services Authority's stigma and discrimination reduction social marketing campaign on the use of adult behavioral health services, and it estimates the benefit-cost ratios.
5 CFR 950.701 - DoD overseas campaign.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false DoD overseas campaign. 950.701 Section... VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS DoD Overseas Campaign § 950.701 DoD overseas campaign. (a) A Combined Federal Campaign is authorized for all Department of Defense (DoD) activities in the overseas areas during a 6-week...
Placa cerámica fotovoltaica para fachadas ventiladas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pastrana, A.
2012-04-01
Full Text Available Gres de la Mancha, in response to the increasing demand for friendly with the environment products, and realizing towards the use of renewable energies and the energy efficiency in the construction, has developed his new ceramic ecological photovoltaic panel ECOCERAVOLT developed for its use in systems of Ventilated Façade.
ECOCERAVOLT joins the benefits of the ventilated façade (energy saving, thermal - acoustic isolation, increase of the comfort in the buildings, reduction of the emission of CO2, etc. and the generation of electrical energy without compromising neither the aesthetics of the frontage, not of the building.
This way, it puts itself in value on the direct and indirect exhibition to the sun of the frontages, which happen of being passive elements of closing and decoration, to be generators of a clean energy for proper or commercial use. ECOCERAVOLT, due to its design, does not need to be hidden, as it happens with other photovoltaic generators.
These technical and innovative merits imply the entire optimization of the installed revetment in addition to creating a criterion of sustainability and energy efficiency.
Gres de La Mancha, en respuesta a la demanda creciente por productos medioambientalmente amigables, y su concienciación hacia el uso de energías renovables y la eficiencia energética en la construcción, ha lanzado su nueva placa cerámica ecológica fotovoltaica ECOCERAVOLT concebida para su uso en sistemas de fachada ventilada.
ECOCERAVOLT aúna los beneficios de la fachada ventilada (ahorro energético, asilamiento térmico-acústico, aumento del confort en los edificios, reducción de las emisiones de CO2, etc. y la generación de energía eléctrica sin comprometer la estética de la fachada, ni del edificio.
De este modo, se pone en valor la exposición directa e indirecta al sol de las fachadas, que pasan de ser elementos pasivos de cerramiento y decoración, a ser generadores de una
Campaign effects and self-analysis Internet tool
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Brange, Birgitte [Danish Electricity Saving Trust (Denmark); Fjordbak Larsen, Troels [IT Energy ApS (Denmark); Wilke, Goeran [Danish Electricity Saving Trust (Denmark)
2007-07-01
In October 2006, the Danish Electricity Saving Trust launched a large TV campaign targeting domestic electricity consumption. The campaign was based on the central message '1000 kWh/year per person is enough'. The campaign was accompanied by a new internet portal with updated information about numerous household appliances, and by analysis tools for bringing down electricity consumption to 1000 kWh/year per person. The effects of the campaign are monitored through repeated surveys and analysed in relation to usage of internet tools.
Kahn, James G; Muraguri, Nicholas; Harris, Brian; Lugada, Eric; Clasen, Thomas; Grabowsky, Mark; Mermin, Jonathan; Shariff, Shahnaaz
2012-01-01
Efficiently delivered interventions to reduce HIV, malaria, and diarrhea are essential to accelerating global health efforts. A 2008 community integrated prevention campaign in Western Province, Kenya, reached 47,000 individuals over 7 days, providing HIV testing and counseling, water filters, insecticide-treated bed nets, condoms, and for HIV-infected individuals cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and referral for ongoing care. We modeled the potential cost-effectiveness of a scaled-up integrated prevention campaign. We estimated averted deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) based on published data on baseline mortality and morbidity and on the protective effect of interventions, including antiretroviral therapy. We incorporate a previously estimated scaled-up campaign cost. We used published costs of medical care to estimate savings from averted illness (for all three diseases) and the added costs of initiating treatment earlier in the course of HIV disease. Per 1000 participants, projected reductions in cases of diarrhea, malaria, and HIV infection avert an estimated 16.3 deaths, 359 DALYs and $85,113 in medical care costs. Earlier care for HIV-infected persons adds an estimated 82 DALYs averted (to a total of 442), at a cost of $37,097 (reducing total averted costs to $48,015). Accounting for the estimated campaign cost of $32,000, the campaign saves an estimated $16,015 per 1000 participants. In multivariate sensitivity analyses, 83% of simulations result in net savings, and 93% in a cost per DALY averted of less than $20. A mass, rapidly implemented campaign for HIV testing, safe water, and malaria control appears economically attractive.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
James G Kahn
Full Text Available Efficiently delivered interventions to reduce HIV, malaria, and diarrhea are essential to accelerating global health efforts. A 2008 community integrated prevention campaign in Western Province, Kenya, reached 47,000 individuals over 7 days, providing HIV testing and counseling, water filters, insecticide-treated bed nets, condoms, and for HIV-infected individuals cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and referral for ongoing care. We modeled the potential cost-effectiveness of a scaled-up integrated prevention campaign.We estimated averted deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs based on published data on baseline mortality and morbidity and on the protective effect of interventions, including antiretroviral therapy. We incorporate a previously estimated scaled-up campaign cost. We used published costs of medical care to estimate savings from averted illness (for all three diseases and the added costs of initiating treatment earlier in the course of HIV disease.Per 1000 participants, projected reductions in cases of diarrhea, malaria, and HIV infection avert an estimated 16.3 deaths, 359 DALYs and $85,113 in medical care costs. Earlier care for HIV-infected persons adds an estimated 82 DALYs averted (to a total of 442, at a cost of $37,097 (reducing total averted costs to $48,015. Accounting for the estimated campaign cost of $32,000, the campaign saves an estimated $16,015 per 1000 participants. In multivariate sensitivity analyses, 83% of simulations result in net savings, and 93% in a cost per DALY averted of less than $20.A mass, rapidly implemented campaign for HIV testing, safe water, and malaria control appears economically attractive.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Juan José Ventura Martínez
1985-12-01
Full Text Available We want to make a contribution to the study of the Campanian pottery in the Iberian Peninsula. We analyse a lot of this pottery from various sites of the province of Seville, and carry out the study of the C Campanian pottery, and of the grey-paste pottery connected with it, in this area. | El presente estudio pretende ser una contribución al conocimiento de la cerámica campaniense en el ámbito de la Península Ibérica. En base al material reunido, procedente de diversos yacimientos de la provincia de Sevilla, el planteamiento del trabajo ha girado en torno a la documentación efectiva en dicho ámbito provincial tanto de la cerámica campaniense de tipo C como de una serie de cerámicas caracterizadas básicamente por su pasta gris y que en ocasiones, por sus características técnicas, formales o decorativas apuntan a una inspiración más o menos directa en las producciones propiamente campanienses.
Yadav, Rajendra-Prasad; Kobayashi, Miwako
2015-09-04
Mass media campaigns have long been used as a tool for promoting public health. In the past decade, the growth of social media has allowed more diverse options for mass media campaigns. This systematic review was conducted to assess newer evidence from quantitative studies on the effectiveness of mass media campaigns for reducing alcohol-impaired driving (AID) and alcohol-related crashes, particularly after the paper that Elder et al. published in 2004. This review focused on English language studies that evaluated the effect of mass media campaigns for reducing AID and alcohol-related crashes, with or without enforcement efforts. A systematic search was conducted for studies published between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2013. Studies from the review by Elder et al. were added as well. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, including three studies from the review by Elder et al. Nine of them had concomitant enforcement measures and did not evaluate the impact of media campaigns independently. Studies that evaluated the impact of mass media independently showed reduction more consistently (median -15.1%, range -28.8 to 0%), whereas results of studies that had concomitant enforcement activities were more variable (median -8.6%, range -36.4 to +14.6%). Summary effects calculated from seven studies showed no evidence of media campaigns reducing the risk of alcohol-related injuries or fatalities (RR 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.06). Despite additional decade of evidence, reviewed studies were heterogeneous in their approaches; therefore, we could not conclude that media campaigns reduced the risk of alcohol-related injuries or crashes. More studies are needed, including studies evaluating newly emerging media and cost-effectiveness of media campaigns.
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R. A. Andrade
2011-09-01
Full Text Available O fenômeno da expansão por umidade (EPU resulta da ação da água e seus vapores causando a expansão dos materiais cerâmicos, podendo provocar danos no material e prejudicar sua vida útil. Na literatura existe muita ênfase nos problemas gerados pela EPU e nas tensões resultantes dessa expansão, porém até o presente não há dados relativos ao comportamento mecânico dos materiais cerâmicos após ação da EPU. Trabalhos recentemente desenvolvidos na UFCG tratam especificamente desse problema em blocos cerâmicos de vedação. Inicialmente verificou-se que, no caso de massas cerâmicas para uso em cerâmica vermelha queimadas em diversas temperaturas na faixa de 700 a 1100 ºC, e com a EPU induzida por imersão, fervura e autoclavagem, a EPU tem correlação com o comportamento mecânico dos corpos queimados, observando-se redução no módulo de ruptura à flexão à medida que a EPU aumenta. Trabalhos desenvolvidos com massas para uso em cerâmica vermelha aditivadas com carbonato de cálcio e carbonato de magnésio e queimadas entre 850 e 1000 ºC, evidenciaram o efeito benéfico do carbonato de cálcio na redução da EPU e aumento da resistência à flexão, sendo observada correlação entre EPU e módulo de ruptura à flexão, mas, no entanto, não foi observada correlação entre a EPU e o módulo quando da utilização do carbonato de magnésio. Pesquisas efetuadas com massas para cerâmica vermelha aditivadas com quartzo fino, visando o desenvolvimento de fases vítreas, não mostraram correlações bem definidas entre EPU e módulo de ruptura, sendo observado que adições de 10 e 20% de quartzo melhoram a resistência mecânica dos corpos cerâmicos após autoclavagem e que a adição de 30% de quartzo reduz seu módulo de ruptura.Moisture expansion (ME phenomenon results from the action of water and water vapors causing the expansion of ceramic materials, which may damage the material damage and jeopardize its useful life
Rodríguez Rodríguez, Yuri Jazmín
2015-01-01
Este trabajo estudia el comportamiento de una matriz de yeso de construcción a la que se le han añadido residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD), residuos de poliestireno extruido (XPS) y residuos cerámicos respectivamente, combinados y en diferentes porcentajes en función del peso del yeso. Los residuos de XPS son producto de una obra en Madrid donde el material fue utilizado como aislamiento térmico y los residuos cerámicos corresponden a trozos de ladrillos toscos encontrados en una obr...
Paek, Hye-Jin; Hove, Thomas
2012-01-01
Guided by the assumptions of the social ecological model and the social marketing approach, this study provides a simultaneous and comprehensive assessment of 4 major alcohol reduction strategies for college campuses: school education programs, social norms campaigns, alcohol counter-marketing, and alcohol control policies. Analysis of nationally representative secondary survey data among 5,472 underage students reveals that alcohol marketing seems to be the most formidable risk factor for underage drinking, followed by perceived drinking norms (injunctive norm) and lax policy enforcement. This analysis suggests that, to make social norms campaigns and alcohol control policies more effective, alcohol reduction strategies should be developed to counter the powerful influence of alcohol marketing and promotions.
Remembering the 100,000 lives campaign
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Robbins RA
2016-06-01
Full Text Available No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Earlier this week the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI emailed its weekly bulletin celebrating that it has been ten years since the end of the 100,000 Lives Campaign (Appendix 1. This was the campaign, according to the bulletin, that put IHI on the map. The Campaign started at the IHI National Forum in December 2004, when IHI's president, Don Berwick, announced that IHI would work together with nearly three-quarters of the US hospitals to reduce needless deaths by 100,000 over 18 months. A phrase borrowed from political campaigns became IHI's cri de coeur: “Some is not a number. Soon is not a time.” The Campaign relied on six key interventions: Rapid Response Teams; Improved Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction; Medication Reconciliation; Preventing Central Line Infections; Preventing Surgical Site Infections; Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pnemonia [sic]. According to the bulletin, the Campaign’s impact rippled across the organization and the world. IHI listed some ...
Seasonal changes in epidermal ceramides are linked to impaired barrier function in acne patients.
Pappas, Apostolos; Kendall, Alexandra C; Brownbridge, Luke C; Batchvarova, Nikoleta; Nicolaou, Anna
2018-01-21
Acne skin demonstrates increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) compared with healthy skin, which may be due, in part, to altered ceramide (CER) levels. We analysed ceramides in the stratum corneum of healthy and acne skin, and studied seasonal variation over the course of a year. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS), we identified 283 ceramides. Acne-affected skin demonstrated overall lower levels of ceramides, with notable reductions in CER[NH] and CER[AH] ceramides, as well as the acylceramides CER[EOS] and CER[EOH]; these differences were more apparent in the winter months. Lower ceramide levels reflected an increase in TEWL in acne, compared with healthy skin, which partly resolves in the summer. Individual ceramide species with 18-carbon 6-hydroxysphingosine (H) bases (including CER[N(24)H(18)], CER[N(26)H(18)], CER[A(24)H(18)], CER[A(26)H(18)]) were significantly reduced in acne skin, suggesting that CER[NH] and CER[AH] species may be particularly important in a healthy skin barrier. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
King, E L; Grunseit, A C; O'Hara, B J; Bauman, A E
2013-12-01
In 2008, the Australian Government launched a mass-media campaign 'Measure-Up' to reduce lifestyle-related chronic disease risk. Innovative campaign messages linked waist circumference and chronic disease risk. Communication channels for the campaign included television, press, radio and outdoor advertising and local community activities. This analysis examines the impact of the campaign in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Cross-sectional telephone surveys (n = 1006 adults pre- and post-campaign) covered self-reported diet and physical activity, campaign awareness, knowledge about waist circumference, personal relevance of the message, perceived confidence to make lifestyle changes and waist-measuring behaviours. The campaign achieved high unprompted (38%) and prompted (89%) awareness. From pre- to post-campaign, knowledge and personal relevance of the link between waist circumference and chronic disease and waist measuring behaviour increased, although there were no significant changes in reported fruit and vegetable intake nor in physical activity. Knowledge of the correct waist measurement threshold for chronic disease risk increased over 5-fold, adjusted for demographic characteristics. 'Measure-Up' was successful at communicating the new campaign messages. Continued long-term investment in campaigns such as 'Measure-Up', supplemented with community-based health promotion, may contribute to population risk factor understanding and behaviour change to reduce chronic disease.
The national campaign for action against climatic changes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gueret, T.
2000-01-01
The Kyoto protocol adopted in 1997 lays down the principle of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for developed countries and the instigation of sanctions for those not adhering to their commitments. Each country has set up a national institute responsible for adapting the instigation of this protocol to its own particularities. The Inter-departmental Mission for Greenhouse Effects (MIES) in France was given this task, and in January 2000 it presented the national campaign for action against climatic changes. This article sets out the international measures, the commitments made by France, and presents the measures to be implemented as well as the aspects to be strengthened within the French plan. (author)
Hornik, Robert C; Yanovitzky, Itzhak
2003-05-01
We present a general theory about how campaigns can have effects and suggest that the evaluation of communication campaigns must be driven by a theory of effects. The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign illustrates both the theory of campaign effects and implications that theory has for the evaluation design. Often models of effect assume that individual exposure affects cognitions that continue to affect behavior over a short term. Contrarily, effects may operate through social or institutional paths as well as through individual learning, require substantial levels of exposure achieved through multiple channels over time, take time to accumulate detectable change, and affect some members of the audience but not others. Responsive evaluations will choose appropriate units of analysis and comparison groups, data collection schedules sensitive to lagged effects, samples able to detect subgroup effects, and analytic strategies consistent with the theory of effects that guides the campaign.
Assessment of CO2 emission reduction and identification of CDM potential in a township
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Misra, R.; Aseri, Tarun Kumar; Jamuwa, Doraj Karnal [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Ajmer, Rajasthan (India); Bansal, V. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Mahila Engineering College, Ajmer, Rajasthan (India)
2012-11-15
This paper presents the theoretical investigation of CDM opportunity in a township at Jaipur, India. The purpose of study is to identify and analyze the various opportunities viz., installation of solar water heater, energy efficient lighting, energy efficient air conditioners, and energy efficient submersible water pumps in desert coolers and thus achieve a considerable (65.7 %) reduction in GHG emissions. Out of the various opportunities considered, the retrofitting with solar water heater can be recommended for CDM. Though, the retrofitting with energy efficient lighting, energy efficient air conditioners and energy efficient submersible water pumps in desert coolers claimed CO2 emission reduction of 104.84, 25.92, and 36.94 tons per annum, respectively, but the only opportunity which got through CDM was retrofitting with solar water heater claiming 115.70 tCO2 (100 %) emission reductions per annum which could result into net earnings of 115.70 CERs. The simple and discounted payback period for all four project activities are also calculated with and without CDM and tax benefits.
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M. M. T. Moreno
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Resumo Os produtos cerâmicos obtidos com argilas naturais são muito variados (tijolos, vasos, pisos e a maioria das matériasprimas possui alto conteúdo de ferro, apresentando tons avermelhados, principalmente após queima. Esta pesquisa estudou argilas utilizadas por uma fábrica de blocos cerâmicos localizada no polo Tatuí-Sorocaba - SP. Na caracterização das mesmas, foram abordados aspectos físico-químicos, geoquímicos, mineralógicos e cerâmicos com o intuito de analisar sua influência na composição de massas, as quais foram formuladas e processadas em laboratório com base na análise da consistência de misturas argila-água. Este método se mostrou promissor para controle de qualidade, melhor aproveitamento dos materiais e alternativas para ajuste da proporção dos componentes de uma massa.
Fabricación y propiedades del carburo de silicio biomórfico: maderas cerámicas
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Varela Feria, F. M.
2002-08-01
Full Text Available There is an increasing interest in the fabrication of materials with biomorphic microstructure. In particular, the fabrication of biomorphic ceramics would be of high interest because its high-temperature structural applications. The ceramics presented in this research were fabricated by the pyrolysis and infiltration with molten silicon of wood preforms. The final product is SiC with the same microstructure of the wood precursor. Wood is a natural composite that present an anisotropic porous microstructure with excellent elasticity, strength, and damage tolerance. Some of this properties will remain improved in the ceramic product. Biomorphic ceramics reach high strengths (700 MPa at 1150 oC for biomorphic SiC made from eucalyptus wood. The influence of the wood precursor and fabrication process in the mechanical and microstructural properties has been studied. The correlation microstructure-mechanical properties is discussed, as well as the application of the cellular theory of solids.
En los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto un considerable interés en la fabricación y optimización de materiales de microestructura biomórfica. En particular, la fabricación de cerámicas biomórficas es especialmente importante ya que éstas pueden ser utilizadas en aplicaciones estructurales a temperaturas elevadas. Los materiales objeto de esta investigación se fabrican mediante la pirólisis e infiltración de silicio fundido en preformas de madera. El resultado final es SiC con la misma microestructura que la madera precursora. La madera es un material natural compuesto que presenta una morfología porosa anisotrópica con una excelente elasticidad, resistencia y tolerancia al daño; algunas de estas propiedades se trasladarán y amplificarán al pasar a la cerámica que se elabora a partir de la misma. Se ha estudiado la influencia de la madera seleccionada y el proceso de fabricación en las propiedades mecánicas y microestructurales
Prentice, Diana B.; Carlin, John
Arguing that state and local political issue campaigns warrant increased attention from communication scholars, this paper presents a rationale for analysis of issue campaigns, develops a framework for organizing and analyzing such campaigns, and applies the framework to an analysis of the 1986 campaign for the sale of liquor "by the…
Moran, Meghan Bridgid; Murphy, Sheila T; Sussman, Steve
2012-01-01
Identity-based strategies have been suggested as a way to promote healthy behaviors when traditional approaches fall short. The truth® campaign, designed to reduce smoking in adolescents, is an example of a campaign that uses such a strategy to reach youth described as being outside the mainstream. This article examines the effectiveness of this strategy in promoting antitobacco company beliefs among youth. Survey data from 224 adolescents between 14 and 15 years of age were used to examine whether the truth® campaign was more or less effective at reaching and promoting antitobacco company beliefs among youth who identify with nonmainstream crowds (deviants and counterculture) versus those who identify with mainstream crowds (elites and academics). Analyses revealed that adolescents who identified as deviants and counterculture were more likely to have been persuaded by the truth® campaign. Social identity theory is used as a theoretical framework to understand these effects and to make recommendations for future health campaigns.
Hall, Ingrid J; Johnson-Turbes, Ashani; Berkowitz, Zahava; Zavahir, Yasmine
2015-05-01
To evaluate whether a culturally appropriate campaign using "Black radio" and print media increased awareness and utilization of local mammography screening services provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program among African American women. The evaluation used a quasi-experimental design involving data collection during and after campaign implementation in two intervention sites in GA (Savannah with radio and print media and Macon with radio only) and one comparison site (Columbus, GA). We used descriptive statistics to compare mammography uptake for African American women during the initial months of the campaign (8/08-1/09) with the latter months (2/09-8/09) and a post-campaign (9/09-12/09) period in each of the study sites. Comparisons of monthly mammogram uptake between cities were performed with multinomial logistic regression. We assumed a p value campaign to the later period. However, the increase did not persist in the post-campaign period. Analysis comparing monthly mammogram uptake in Savannah and Macon with Columbus showed a significant increase in uptake from the first to the second period in Savannah only (OR 1.269, 95 % CI (1.005-1.602), p = 0.0449). Dissemination of health promotion messages via a culturally appropriate, multicomponent campaign using Black radio and print media was effective in increasing mammogram uptake in Savannah among low-income, African American women. Additional research is needed to quantify the relative contribution of campaign radio, print media, and community components to sustain increased mammography uptake.
Challenges in Coalition Unconventional Warfare: The Allied Campaign in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945
2014-01-01
advertised abilities of the Chetniks because he lacked talented offi- cers such as Hudson and MacLean to give him solid assessments of their intentions...the Balkans but also in engen- dering goodwill toward the West that endured well into the Cold War era. Conclusion If the United States is sincere in
Awareness campaign. Orthopedic Hospital of Oklahoma launches awareness campaign.
2007-01-01
The Orthopedic Hospital of Oklahoma is a 25-bed inpatient and outpatient center with one focus: Orthopedics. To acquaint people with its services and build brand awareness to drive market share, the hospital launched a print campaign featuring actual patients.
Materiales y estructuras cerámicas para el diseño de quemadores de gas
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Marín, R.
2008-10-01
Full Text Available Ceramic materials have been extensively used in the production of radiant gas burners since decades. The properties of these materials are well adapted for the development of burners: - High melting temperature, adequate for the high flame temperatures. - Good oxidation resistance, producing a long burner lifetime. - Extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, thus reducing thermo-mechanic stress. - Very low thermal conductivity, with strong temperature gradients through the burner head, thus avoiding flame flash-back. - High radiant efficiency, lowering the fumes temperature and NOx production. - Variety of burner shapes and structures: foams, holed plaques, fibres, etc. allowing to produce different burner types. As a consequence, a strong expansion of the ceramic materials application in the development of gas burners for the domestic, catering, and industrial sectors, has been experienced. From the surface radiant burners to the burners for hydrogen or the porous radiant burners, there is a wide range of possibilities for the design of ceramic gas burners. There is a sole requirement: to find out the proper combination material-structure.
Los materiales cerámicos han sido utilizados en la fabricación de quemadores radiantes desde largo tiempo atrás. Ello se debe a que las propiedades de los materiales cerámicos resultan muy adecuadas para el desarrollo de quemadores: - Elevado punto de fusión, adecuado para soportar las elevadas temperaturas de la llama. - Elevada resistencia a la oxidación, que confiere a los quemadores larga vida sin degradación. - Muy bajo coeficiente de expansión térmica, que reduce las tensiones termomecánicas. - Muy baja conductividad térmica, con fuertes gradientes de temperatura a través del quemador que evitan el retroceso de llama. - Elevada eficiencia radiante, que reduce la temperatura de los humos y minimiza la producción de NOx. - Facilidad de conformado en diferentes
Preparación y propiedades de materiales cerámicos bioinertes en el sistema Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Boccaccini, A. R.
1998-12-01
Full Text Available Very fine and sinterable ceramic powders (100-600 nm in the system Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 were obtained by the method of cohydrolisis from organo-metallic precursors. Isostatically pressed powder compacts could be densified to a relative high density (~ 92 % th. density at relative low temperatures (1320-1380ºC. The technical coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by dilatometry. The value obtained (8.8 10-6 1/ºC corresponds closely to that of Ti, opening the possibility to use Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 ceramics to fabricate metal/ceramic composite implants. The measured mechanical properties of dense sintered Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 material: Young´s modulus, flexure strength and compression strength, are higher than those of pure TiO2. Highly porous Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 ceramics (P~ 65% were obtained by the method of evaporation of hydrogen peroxide. These materials exhibited interconnected porosity and their properties, particularly the Young´s modulus, resulted very similar to those of bone, which is an important pre-requisite for the design of quirurgical implants.Se han obtenido polvos cerámicos muy finos (100- 600 nm y de alta sinterabilidad, en el sistema Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2, por el método de co-hidrólisis controlada a partir de precursores organo-metálicos. Los compactos fabricados a partir del polvo de cohidrólisis calcinado fueron sinterizados en el rango de temperaturas 1320-1380 ºC, obteniéndose densidades elevadas (~ 92% D.T.. El coeficiente de expansión térmica técnico del material cerámico sinterizado fue medido por dilatometría. El valor obtenido, 8.8 10-6 ºC-1, es muy similar al de titanio metálico y por lo tanto el material cerámico Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 puede ser candidato para la fabricación de implantes compuestos cerámico/metal. Las propiedades mecánicas: módulo de elasticidad, resistencia a la flexión y resistencia a la compresión, del material denso sinterizado, fueron determinadas, resultando muy superiores a las de TiO2 puro
Planeamiento estratégico de la industria peruana del vidrio, cerámico, refractarios y afines
Alva Ayllón, Antonio; Ayala Abad, Jonathan; Muñoz Gálvez, Carlos; Ruiz Reynaga, Juan
2017-01-01
xv, 170 h. : il. ; 30 cm. El presente documento consiste en la elaboración del Planeamiento Estratégico de la Industria del Vidrio, Cerámica, Refractarios y afines. El Plan estratégico fue desarrollado tomando en cuenta información actual e histórica respecto a la industria, así como también los factores externos e internos que intervienen en su ciclo productivo. La empresa pertenece al sector manufactura, del rubro Minerales no metálicos y se tiene una amplia información re...
Relatório de Estágio Curricular – Aleluia Cerâmicas, S.A (Aveiro)
Pimenta, Cláudia
2011-01-01
O desenvolvimento do Estágio curricular foi realizado na empresa Aleluia Cerâmicas S.A. e teve a duração de 3 meses, 400horas. A estagiária teve oportunidade de conhecer de perto a realidade empresarial, experimentada em duas empresas do Grupo, na Ceramic e na Aleluia (sede da empresa), esta experiência que permitiu desenvolver mais competências, cimentando e evoluindo para além daquelas que foi adquirindo ao longo da sua formação académica. Foram desenvolvidas atividades variadas, entr...
26 CFR 701.9006-1 - Presidential Election Campaign Fund.
2010-04-01
... 26 Internal Revenue 20 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Presidential Election Campaign Fund. 701.9006-1...) INTERNAL REVENUE PRACTICE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND § 701.9006-1 Presidential Election Campaign Fund. (a) Transfer of amounts to the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. The Secretary shall determine...
Campaign contributions and the desirability of full disclosure laws
Sloof, R.
1999-01-01
In a signaling game model of costly political campaigning in which a candidate is dependent on a donor for campaign funds it is verified whether the electorate may benefit from campaign contributions being directly observed. By purely focusing on the informational role of campaign contributions the
Negative campaigning in Western Europe: Similar or different?
Walter, A.S.
2013-01-01
This article describes how political parties in parliamentary election campaigns in Western Europe make use of negative campaigning and examines whether their behaviour differs from that of candidates competing in US presidential election campaigns. Furthermore, it theorises how the differences and
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luciana Lezira Pereira de Almeida
2010-06-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta a avaliação de juntas soldadas com suporte cerâmico de cordierita produzido em laboratorio. Foi utilizada a técnica de soldagem unilateral em chapas de aço A-36 com espessuras de 6,4 e 15,8 mm pelo processo MIG-MAG. Com a chapa de 6,4 mm foi avalliado apenas o passe de raiz sobre o suporte cerâmico. Com a chapa de 15,8 mm foi produzida uma junta soldada em passes múltiplos. Após soldagem as juntas soldadas foram submetidas a ensaios de inspeção visual, liquido penetrante, macrografia, microdureza Vickers, microscopia ótica, ensaios de dobramento e de tração e análise química por EDS. Os resultados mostram que o passe de raiz, realizado sobre o suporte cerâmico, apresentou bom acabamento, isento de descontinuidades, com penetração adequada nas laterais do chanfro e reforço de solda apropriado. Em relação à junta soldada, a microestrutura da zona fundida (ZF obteve predominância de ferrita primária, em suas formas de ferrita de contorno de grão e poligonal, e ferrita com segunda fase alinhada. A microdureza Vickers obteve valores médios abaixo de 180 HV tanto na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA como na ZF. Os ensaios de dobramento não apresentaram descontinuidades maiores que 3 mm e nos ensaios de tração a ruptura ocorreu no metal base, indicando que o procedimento de soldagem foi adequado. A composição das inclusões tanto do passe de raiz como do ultimo passe de solda possuem os mesmos constituintes, apesar de proporções diferentes, indicando que não houve contaminação do material do suporte cerâmico no cordão de solda.This work presents the evaluation of welded joints using ceramic backing made in the laboratory. The one-sided welding technique was used to weld A-36 steel plate with 6,4 and 15,8 mm thick by the GMAW process. With the 6,4 mm steel plate, only the root bead welded over the ceramic backing was evaluated. With the 15,8 mm steel plate, a multipass welded joint was made
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Luciana Lezira Pereira de Almeida
2010-03-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta a avaliação de juntas soldadas com suporte cerâmico de cordierita produzido em laboratorio. Foi utilizada a técnica de soldagem unilateral em chapas de aço A-36 com espessuras de 6,4 e 15,8 mm pelo processo MIG-MAG. Com a chapa de 6,4 mm foi avalliado apenas o passe de raiz sobre o suporte cerâmico. Com a chapa de 15,8 mm foi produzida uma junta soldada em passes múltiplos. Após soldagem as juntas soldadas foram submetidas a ensaios de inspeção visual, liquido penetrante, macrografia, microdureza Vickers, microscopia ótica, ensaios de dobramento e de tração e análise química por EDS. Os resultados mostram que o passe de raiz, realizado sobre o suporte cerâmico, apresentou bom acabamento, isento de descontinuidades, com penetração adequada nas laterais do chanfro e reforço de solda apropriado. Em relação à junta soldada, a microestrutura da zona fundida (ZF obteve predominância de ferrita primária, em suas formas de ferrita de contorno de grão e poligonal, e ferrita com segunda fase alinhada. A microdureza Vickers obteve valores médios abaixo de 180 HV tanto na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA como na ZF. Os ensaios de dobramento não apresentaram descontinuidades maiores que 3 mm e nos ensaios de tração a ruptura ocorreu no metal base, indicando que o procedimento de soldagem foi adequado. A composição das inclusões tanto do passe de raiz como do ultimo passe de solda possuem os mesmos constituintes, apesar de proporções diferentes, indicando que não houve contaminação do material do suporte cerâmico no cordão de solda.This work presents the evaluation of welded joints using ceramic backing made in the laboratory. The one-sided welding technique was used to weld A-36 steel plate with 6,4 and 15,8 mm thick by the GMAW process. With the 6,4 mm steel plate, only the root bead welded over the ceramic backing was evaluated. With the 15,8 mm steel plate, a multipass welded joint was made
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tortajada Esparza, E.
2008-04-01
Full Text Available The industrial district of Castellon is characterized by a great dynamism based on technological innovation, both product and process, the origins of which are to be found on its providers (1, the machinery industry and the frit, glaze and colours industry. In this paper the current situation of the frit, glaze and colour industry is analyzed, accounting also for the situation of its main European competitor in Italy. The formation and development of the industry is also described in relation to the industrial district and the innovation system where it belongs, together with the R&D activity, the innovation activity, and the main technological milestones that have made it become the world leader. The analysis shows the challenges to which this subsector, and more generally, the tile innovation system need to react to, by means of cooperation, in order to maintain the tile district leadership. Globalization implies new behaviours and one of the most relevant is the increase of cooperation among the different actors in the innovation system.
El distrito industrial de Castellón se caracteriza por un gran dinamismo fundamentado en la innovación tecnológica, tanto de proceso como de producto, cuyo origen está básicamente en sus proveedores (1, la industria de equipamiento mecánico y la industria de fritas, esmaltes y colores cerámicos. En este artículo se analiza la situación actual de la industria de fritas, esmaltes y colores cerámicos española, atendiendo además a la situación de su mayor competidor europeo, Italia. Se describe también la formación y desarrollo de la industria en el entorno del distrito cerámico de Castellón y de su sistema de innovación, se analizan, asimismo la actividad en I+D e innovación así como los hitos tecnológicos que le han llevado a ocupar un liderazgo mundial. El análisis realizado identifica los retos frente a los que el subsector y, en general, el sistema de innovación cer
High levels of confusion for cholesterol awareness campaigns.
Hall, Danika V
2008-09-15
Earlier this year, two industry-sponsored advertising campaigns for cholesterol awareness that target the general public were launched in Australia. These campaigns aimed to alert the public to the risks associated with having high cholesterol and encouraged cholesterol testing for wider groups than those specified by the National Heart Foundation. General practitioners should be aware of the potential for the two campaigns to confuse the general public as to who should be tested, and where. The campaign sponsors (Unilever Australasia and Pfizer) each have the potential to benefit by increased market share for their products, and increased profits. These disease awareness campaigns are examples of what is increasingly being termed "condition branding" by pharmaceutical marketing experts.
Dickinson, Amber R.
2018-01-01
When approached about working with colleagues to develop a new course revolving around the inner-workings of a political campaign, one thing was obvious to me: We had to give the course the unique element of making it as closely mimic real-world campaign activities as possible. If we were going to attempt to actually prepare students for work on a…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
G. E. de Oliveira
2004-09-01
Full Text Available O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o de avaliar do ponto de vista ambiental a possibilidade da incorporação de resíduo sólido proveniente do setor siderúrgico em massas argilosas para fabricação de cerâmica estrutural. A indústria cerâmica apresenta enorme potencial para absorver resíduos industriais poluentes. Até 3% em peso de resíduo foi adicionado em proporções graduais a uma massa argilosa. Os corpos cerâmicos foram conformados por extrusão, secados a 110 °C e queimados em forno industrial a 950 °C. Os corpos cerâmicos incorporados foram submetidos a ensaios ambientais de lixiviação e solubilidade. Além disso, foi feita a análise preliminar dos gases evoluídos durante o processo de queima. Os resultados revelaram que a utilização de massas cerâmicas contendo até 3% em peso de resíduo sólido de siderurgia, para fabricação de produtos de cerâmica vermelha, não oferece nenhum risco direto ao meio ambiente.The main objective of this work is to evaluate from an environmental viewpoint the incorporation of solid waste from the siderurgical industry into clayey masses for red ceramics. Ceramic masses containing up to 3 wt% waste were prepared. Ceramic bodies were extruded, dried at 110 °C and fired in an industrial kiln at 950 °C. Leaching and solubility tests were done on the incorporated ceramic bodies. In addition, the emission of gases was also analyzed. The results indicated that the use of up to 3 wt.% siderurgical solid waste in red ceramics does not cause significant environmental impact.
5 CFR 950.103 - Establishing a local campaign.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Establishing a local campaign. 950.103... PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS General Provisions § 950.103 Establishing a local campaign. (a) The Director establishes and maintains the official list of local campaigns and the geographical area each...
5 CFR 734.205 - Participation in political campaigns.
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Participation in political campaigns. 734... in political campaigns. Subject to the prohibitions in § 734.306, an employee may: (a) Display... candidate or a candidate for political party office in a political advertisement, broadcast, campaign...
AAU-DLR 2010 Indoor Measurement Campaign
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Steinböck, Gerhard; Pedersen, Troels; Wang, Wei
2011-01-01
A measurement campaign, not part of the WHERE2 project, with the focus on indoor multilink and reverberant in-room channels was conducted by DLR and AAU. The measurement data is used from both parties within the WHERE2 project and can be shared upon request. The measurement campaign has two main...... Channels". For the measurement campaign the measurement platform for time-variant wireless channels from DLR was used. The high spatial resolution of the platform allows for combining several transmitter positions to a virtual array. Together with the circular receiver array, this enables a bi...
Campaigning for Children's Oral Health: A Case Study
Vaughan, Kate
2009-01-01
Arguably, the ultimate application of evidenced-based communications is translating the research recommendations into a full-fledged media campaign. This article explains the development and implementation of Watch Your Mouth, a campaign based on FrameWorks Institute's research on children's oral health. To date, this innovative campaign has been…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
CLIMASTAR S.L., -
2010-04-01
Full Text Available This article sets out the main features of Dual Kherr®, its development and uses. Dual Kherr® is a ceramic composite based on porcelain clay. It has been specially designed to work as a storage heater and a radiant heating system. Jointly developed by the R&D departments of both companies, PAMESA and CLIMASTAR, this new material optimises the output of any heating system and it has been specially conceived to save energy. It is a great revolution, mainly due to the following:
• On the one hand, Dual Kherr® incorporates ceramic to the heating business, opening a new and important market.
• On the other hand, this new material adds the aesthetics proper of the ceramic material to the design of the heating systems. It even allows the development of artistic collections.
En este artículo, se exponen el desarrollo y las aplicaciones de Dual Kherr®, composite cerámico en base de gres porcelánico especialmente diseñado para actuar como acumulador y radiante para calefacción. Desarrollado conjuntamente por los departamentos de I+D+i de las compañías PAMESA y CLIMASTAR, este nuevo material optimiza el rendimiento de cualquier sistema de calefacción y permite un mayor ahorro en consumo. Esto supone una doble revolución:
• por un lado, Dual Kherr® incorpora la cerámica al sector de la climatización, abriendo de esta manera un nuevo e importante mercado
• por otro lado, este nuevo material aporta la estética incomparable de la cerámica al diseño de sistemas de calefacción, permitiendo incluso el desarrollo de colecciones artísticas
29 CFR 452.69 - Expenses of campaign literature.
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Expenses of campaign literature. 452.69 Section 452.69... AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Campaign Safeguards § 452.69 Expenses of campaign literature. Each... is no requirement that the union distribute the literature of the candidate free of charge. In the...
Teaching the Public Relations Campaigns Course.
Worley, Debra A.
2001-01-01
Argues for a Campaign Planning Course in the undergraduate public relations major. Discusses nine course objectives. Describes five phases of campaign planning and implementation, how the phase approach includes important course topics, and how it fulfills course objectives. Describes how student groups work with actual clients throughout the…
La cerámica pintada de tradición indígena en las áreas ibéricas de la Hispania romana
Abascal Palazón, Juan Manuel
1992-01-01
Contribución a un workshop de la Societat Catalana d'Arqueologia que tuvo lugar en 1992 en Barcelona. Análisis global de la producción de cerámica pintada de época romana en la costa mediterránea de la Península Ibérica.
Deterioro de las cerámicas y vidrieras del edificio del Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alava, J. I.
1998-12-01
Full Text Available The ornamental ceramics and stained-glass windows of the City Hall building of San Sebastian have been studied. This building is a national monument which has been restored recently. It has been studied the origin of the observed high deterioration degree of the superficial enamel of these ceramics. We have concluded that the deterioration has a physicochemical origin. The biological origin has been excluded because of the high concentration of heavy metals leached from the enamel which avoid the growth of microorganisms. It has also been observed an increase of some elements and the loss of another ones in the first µm of depth.
Se ha estudiado las cerámicas y las vidrieras que sirven de adorno al edificio del Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián, considerado monumento nacional, y que ha sido objeto de una reciente restauración. Se ha observado que las cerámicas presentan un alto grado de deterioro de la capa de esmalte superficial, y se ha estudiado el posible origen de este deterioro. Se concluye que el deterioro es de origen fisicoquímico, no pudiendo este ser de origen biológico debido a las elevadas concentraciones de metales pesados que lixivian de dicho esmalte y que impiden el crecimiento de microorganismos. Se ha observado asimismo que las vidrieras presentan un aumento de ciertos elementos y pérdida de otros en los primeros µm de profundidad.
Marketing Social Service Programs Using Political Campaign Technology.
Bynum, Peter
1991-01-01
Discusses how human services agencies can use strategies and information technologies similar to those used in political campaigns to identify needs and attitudes for social services campaigns. Marketing for social services programs is described, and the use of computers for a political campaign and for a teenage pregnancy program is compared.…
Status Report on the Development of Research Campaigns
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Baer, Donald R.; Baker, Scott E.; Washton, Nancy M.; Linggi, Bryan E.
2013-06-30
Research campaigns were conceived as a means to focus EMSL research on specific scientific questions. Campaign will help fulfill the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) strategic vision to develop and integrate, for use by the scientific community, world leading capabilities that transform understanding in the environmental molecular sciences and accelerate discoveries relevant to the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) missions. Campaigns are multi-institutional multi-disciplinary projects with scope beyond those of normal EMSL user projects. The goal of research campaigns is to have EMSL scientists and users team on the projects in the effort to accelerate progress and increase impact in specific scientific areas by focusing user research, EMSL resources, and expertise in those areas. This report will give a history and update on the progress of those campaigns.
Challenges and opportunities for dietary campaigns
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bech-Larsen, Tino; Aschemann-Witzel, Jessica; Verbeke, Wim
2013-01-01
The objective of our research was to explore and discuss the challenges and opportunities inherent to the management of public healthy eating campaigns. The discussion is based on a study of campaign managers’ perceptions of nine successfully implemented European healthy eating campaigns. Based...... on these interviews, we suggest that social marketing compared to commercial food marketing is not necessarily at a disadvantage; rather, social marketers working to promote healthy eating can benefit from the formation of alliances with public and private partners, the empowerment of their targets and of those who...... influence the targets, the development of credible and emotive messages and relationships with media and public institutions....
The Nobel Laureates’ Campaign Supporting GMOs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Richard J. Roberts
2018-05-01
Full Text Available More than 800 million people suffer from hunger in the world. Using modern plant breeding methods to generate so-called GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms, agricultural scientists have shown that crop yields and nutritional quality can be greatly improved. Many GMO varieties have been specifically developed with the aim of being resistant to pests, tolerant to drought and containing beneficial nutrients. This leads to a reduction in the use of insecticides in water and on land. If anything, the GMO varieties are safer than traditionally bred varieties because they are made in a very precise manner. However, the scientific evidence on this issue is being ignored by the Green Parties such as Greenpeace who continue to deny the science and mislead the public. 129 Nobel Laureates have joined in a campaign to convince the Green Parties and the public that they should support the use of GMOs, especially for the sake of the developing world. Keywords: GMO, Hunger, Nutrition, Crop, Pest, Food, Precision agriculture
Political Reputations and Campaign Promises
Aragones, Enriqueta; Palfrey, Thomas R.; Postlewaite, Andrew
2006-01-01
We analyze conditions under which candidates' reputations may affect voters' beliefs over what policy will be implemented by the winning candidate of an election. We develop a model of repeated elections with complete information in which candidates are purely ideological. We analyze an equilibrium in which voters' strategies involve a credible threat to punish candidates who renege on their campaign promises and in which all campaign promises are believed by voters and honored by candidates....
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kralj, Ana; Gurgui, Mihaela; Koenig, Gabriele M.; Echten-Deckert, Gerhild van
2007-01-01
Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid metabolites produced by several fungal strains that impair human and animal health. Since sphingolipids were connected with fungal toxicity the aim of the present study was to test the influence of fungal metabolites on sphingolipid metabolism in neural cells. The crude extract of fungal strain Spicellum roseum induced accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and simultaneous reduction of the formation of lactosylceramide (LacCer) and complex gangliosides in primary cultured neurons. Following a bioassay-guided fractionation of the respective fungal extract we could demonstrate that the two isolated trichothecene derivatives, 8-deoxy-trichothecin (8-dT) and trichodermol (Td-ol) were responsible for this effect. Thus, incubation of primary cultured neurons as well as of neuroblastoma B104 cells for 24 h with 30 μM of either of the two fungal metabolites resulted in uncoupling of sphingolipid biosynthesis at the level of LacCer. For the observed reduction of LacCer synthase activity by about 90% cell integrity was crucial in both cell types. In neuroblastoma cells the amount of LacCer synthase mRNA was reduced in the presence of trichothecenes, whereas in primary cultured neurons this was not the case, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism of action in the latter cell type. The data also show that the compounds did not interfere with the translocation of GlcCer in neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that trichodermol and 8-deoxy-trichothecin inhibit LacCer synthase activity in a cell-type-specific manner
Marketing plan and campaign for Riosol Oy
Toivonen, Kim
2016-01-01
The aim of this thesis was to create an efficient marketing plan and a working marketing campaign for the case company. The aspects of the marketing plan and campaign were adjusted to fit the company size, field of business and aims of the case company. To get a better view on the aspects of the marketing plan and campaign, theoretical frameworks are inspected, such as marketing mix, company stages and SWOT-analysis. This thesis consists of theoretical framework as well as practical implem...
Energy efficiency public service advertising campaign
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gibson-Grant, Amanda [Advertising Council, New York, NY (United States)
2015-06-12
The Advertising Council (“the Ad Council”) and The United States Department of Energy (DOE) created and launched a national public service advertising campaign designed to promote energy efficiency. The objective of the Energy Efficiency campaign was to redefine how consumers approach energy efficiency by showing that saving energy can save homeowners money.
Political Campaigns Get Personal with Students
Hermes, J. J.
2007-01-01
On Election Day in 2006, some students at the University of Texas at Austin were prodded by startlingly personal calls from Democratic Party supporters. As political campaigns look to corral young voters, those calls could be a harbinger of things to come in 2008: campaigns going after students through contact information that public colleges are…
What makes or breaks a health fundraising campaign on twitter?
Prasetyo, N.D.; Hauff, C.; Nguyen, D.; Broek, T.A. van den; Hiemstra, D.
2015-01-01
Health campaigns that aim to raise awareness and subsequently raise funds for research and treatment are commonplace. While many local campaigns exist, very few attract the attention of a global audience. One of those global campaigns is Movember, an annual campaign during the month of November,
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Torrecid, Grupo
2012-04-01
Full Text Available This technical note contains the most significant aspects of the work “New digital inks for the production of innovative ceramic effects which generate new possibilities and future trends” in which the Group Torrecid won the “Alfa de Oro 2012” given by the Spanish Society of Ceramics and Glass. To achieve the stated objectives to work in different fields of activity for each specific ink has been necessary, comprising, among other, aspects such as the development of special frits, selecting the most suitable solvents or optimizing the compositions to ensure that the inks have appropriate behaviour in the printing process and met all the requirements of stability and quality that the ceramic industry demand.
En la presente nota técnica se recoge los aspectos más significativos del trabajo “Nuevas tintas digitales para la obtención de innovadores efectos cerámicos con los que generar nuevas posibilidades y tendencias de futuro” por el que el Grupo Torrecid obtuvo el Premio Alfa de Oro 2012 otorgado por la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados ha sido necesario trabajar en diferentes campos de actuación para cada tinta en concreto, abarcando, entre otros, aspectos como el desarrollo de fritas especiales, la selección de los disolventes más adecuados o la optimización de las composiciones para conseguir que las tintas tuvieran un comportamiento adecuado en el proceso de impresión y cumplieran todos los requisitos de estabilidad y calidad que el sector cerámico demanda.
Davis, Kevin C; Shafer, Paul R; Rodes, Robert; Kim, Annice; Hansen, Heather; Patel, Deesha; Coln, Caryn; Beistle, Diane
2016-01-01
Background Federal and state public health agencies in the United States are increasingly using digital advertising and social media to promote messages from broader multimedia campaigns. However, little evidence exists on population-level campaign awareness and relative cost efficiencies of digital advertising in the context of a comprehensive public health education campaign. Objective Our objective was to compare the impact of increased doses of digital video and television advertising fro...
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lund, Anton; Secher, Niels H.; Hirasawa, Ai
2016-01-01
Introduction: Continuous non-invasive monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) may be important during anaesthesia and several options are available. We evaluated the CerOx monitor that employs ultrasound tagged near infrared spectroscopy to estimate changes in a CBF index (CFI).Methods: Seven...... healthy males (age 21-26 years) hyperventilated and were administered phenylephrine to increase mean arterial pressure by 20-30 mmHg. Frontal lobe tissue oxygenation (ScO2) and CFI were obtained using the CerOx and mean blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAvmean) was determined....... Administration of phenylephrine was not associated with any changes in MCAvmean, ICAf, ECAf, ScO2, SkBF, SskinO2, or CFI.Conclusion: The CerOx was able to detect a stable CBF during administration of phenylephrine. However, during hyperventilation MCAvmean and ICAf decreased while CFI increased, likely due...
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ignacio Grau Mira
1999-12-01
Full Text Available In this paper we show the pottery coming from one possible pottery production center located at Cocentaina (Alicante. Through the formal and decorative study we identify a comarcal characteristic production of the central-south district in the Valencian Country in Classical Iberian Period III-II century BC, well represented in the Iberian site of La Serreta. The most interesting ceramics of this point are the pieces with decorations in figurative and floral styles, that are documented in different settlements of this regional area. | En este trabajo presentamos las cerámicas procedentes de un posible centro de producción cerámica localizado en Cocentaina (El Comtat. Alicante. A través del estudio de las formas y las decoraciones identificamos una producción característica de las comarcas centro-meridionales valencianas datada en época plena ss. III-II aC y que tiene su mayor representación en el ajuar recuperado en el poblado ibérico de la Serreta. Entre el conjunto de cerámicas estudiado destacamos algunas piezas con decoración de estilo vegetal y figurado producidas en el citado alfar y que aparecen distribuidas en distintos asentamientos del área comarcal.
Heart Health: The Heart Truth Campaign 2009
... Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Cover Story Heart Health The Heart Truth Campaign 2009 Past Issues / Winter 2009 Table ... one of the celebrities supporting this year's The Heart Truth campaign. Both R&B singer Ashanti (center) ...
Evaluation of Kentucky's "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign.
2008-07-01
The objective of this report was to document the results of the "Click It or Ticket" 2008 campaign in Kentucky. The campaign involved a combination of earned media, paid media, and enforcement. : The evaluation of the campaign included documenting th...
2006-01-01
Virginia Hospital Center embarked on a branding effort in hopes of raising customer awareness of the hospital's state-of-the-art technologies in advanced medical care. The campaign launched a new phase of TV spots that highlight the facility's advanced services, such as the computed tomography angiogram, the argon plasma coagulator, and heart valve replacement surgery.
Amateur astronomers in support of observing campaigns
Yanamandra-Fisher, P.
2014-07-01
The Pro-Am Collaborative Astronomy (PACA) project evolved from the observational campaign of C/2012 S1 or C/ISON. The success of the paradigm shift in scientific research is now implemented in other comet observing campaigns. While PACA identifies a consistent collaborative approach to pro-am collaborations, given the volume of data generated for each campaign, new ways of rapid data analysis, mining access, and storage are needed. Several interesting results emerged from the synergistic inclusion of both social media and amateur astronomers: - the establishment of a network of astronomers and related professionals that can be galvanized into action on short notice to support observing campaigns; - assist in various science investigations pertinent to the campaign; - provide an alert-sounding mechanism should the need arise; - immediate outreach and dissemination of results via our media/blogger members; - provide a forum for discussions between the imagers and modelers to help strategize the observing campaign for maximum benefit. In 2014, two new comet observing campaigns involving pro-am collaborations have been identified: (1) C/2013 A1 (C/Siding Spring) and (2) 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (CG). The evolving need for individual customized observing campaigns has been incorporated into the evolution of PACA (Pro-Am Collaborative Astronomy) portal that currently is focused on comets: from supporting observing campaigns for current comets, legacy data, historical comets; interconnected with social media and a set of shareable documents addressing observational strategies; consistent standards for data; data access, use, and storage, to align with the needs of professional observers. The integration of science, observations by professional and amateur astronomers, and various social media provides a dynamic and evolving collaborative partnership between professional and amateur astronomers. The recent observation of comet 67P, at a magnitude of 21.2, from Siding
Evolución del impacto del Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sanz-Guerrero, O.
2006-12-01
Full Text Available An analysis of the impact evolution of the journal Bulletin of the Spanish Ceramic and Glass Society has attempted. The results of an inquiry between Spanish Glass and Ceramic Society, SECV, members as well readers and author have been took into account. The profile of the received inquiries reveals that the user of the journal is mainly a ceramic and glass professional devoted to R+D that published scientific papers. This interest was compared with the data obtained from SCI. The increase of the impact facto of the SECV journal is related to a high relatedness index and a short cited half-life. Both factor point out that the scientific nature of the journal is limited to a small community restricted by the language.
Se ha realizado un análisis de la evolución del factor de impacto de la revista. Para ello se han evaluado los resultados de una encuesta realizada entre los socios de la Sociedad Española ce Cerámica y Vidrio, SECV, lectores y autores de la revista. El perfil del usuario de la revista es el de un profesional dedicado a la investigación y desarrollo en materiales cerámicos y vítreos que es autor de trabajos científicos. El interés de los encuestados se contrasta con los datos derivados del SCI para el periodo en el que la revista ha formado parte de dicha base de datos. El aumento en el factor de impacto de la revista Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, esta relacionado con un factor de proximidad muy elevado y una vida media de las citaciones muy corta. Ambos factores señalan que la revista en cuanto a su orientación científica, se encuentra limitada a una comunidad muy pequeña constreñida principalmente por el idioma.
Purex process operation and performance: 1970 thoria campaign
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Walser, R.L.
1978-02-01
The Hanford Purex Plant has demonstrated suitability for reprocessing irradiated thoria (ThO 2 ) target elements on a campaign basis. A 1965 process test and major production campaigns conducted in 1966 and 1970 recovered nitrate solution form products totaling approximately 565 tons of thorium and 820 kilograms of 233 U. The overall recoveries for the 1970 campaign based on reactor input data were 94.9 percent for thorium and 95.2 percent for uranium. The primary function of the Hanford Purex Plant is reprocessing of irradiated uranium fuel elements to separate and purify uranium, plutonium and neptunium. Converting the plant to thoria reprocessing required major process development work and equipment modifications. The operation and performance of the Plant during the 1970 thoria reprocessing campaign is discussed in this report. The discussion includes background information on the process and equipment, problems encountered, and changes recommended for future campaigns
Shafer, Paul R; Rodes, Robert; Kim, Annice; Hansen, Heather; Patel, Deesha; Coln, Caryn; Beistle, Diane
2016-01-01
Background Federal and state public health agencies in the United States are increasingly using digital advertising and social media to promote messages from broader multimedia campaigns. However, little evidence exists on population-level campaign awareness and relative cost efficiencies of digital advertising in the context of a comprehensive public health education campaign. Objective Our objective was to compare the impact of increased doses of digital video and television advertising from the 2013 Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign on overall campaign awareness at the population level. We also compared the relative cost efficiencies across these media platforms. Methods We used data from a large national online survey of approximately 15,000 US smokers conducted in 2013 immediately after the conclusion of the 2013 Tips campaign. These data were used to compare the effects of variation in media dose of digital video and television advertising on population-level awareness of the Tips campaign. We implemented higher doses of digital video among selected media markets and randomly selected other markets to receive similar higher doses of television ads. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds of overall campaign awareness via digital or television format as a function of higher-dose media in each market area. All statistical tests used the .05 threshold for statistical significance and the .10 level for marginal nonsignificance. We used adjusted advertising costs for the additional doses of digital and television advertising to compare the cost efficiencies of digital and television advertising on the basis of costs per percentage point of population awareness generated. Results Higher-dose digital video advertising was associated with 94% increased odds of awareness of any ad online relative to standard-dose markets (Pdigital advertising was associated with a marginally nonsignificant increase (46%) in overall campaign awareness regardless of
Davis, Kevin C; Shafer, Paul R; Rodes, Robert; Kim, Annice; Hansen, Heather; Patel, Deesha; Coln, Caryn; Beistle, Diane
2016-09-14
Federal and state public health agencies in the United States are increasingly using digital advertising and social media to promote messages from broader multimedia campaigns. However, little evidence exists on population-level campaign awareness and relative cost efficiencies of digital advertising in the context of a comprehensive public health education campaign. Our objective was to compare the impact of increased doses of digital video and television advertising from the 2013 Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign on overall campaign awareness at the population level. We also compared the relative cost efficiencies across these media platforms. We used data from a large national online survey of approximately 15,000 US smokers conducted in 2013 immediately after the conclusion of the 2013 Tips campaign. These data were used to compare the effects of variation in media dose of digital video and television advertising on population-level awareness of the Tips campaign. We implemented higher doses of digital video among selected media markets and randomly selected other markets to receive similar higher doses of television ads. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds of overall campaign awareness via digital or television format as a function of higher-dose media in each market area. All statistical tests used the .05 threshold for statistical significance and the .10 level for marginal nonsignificance. We used adjusted advertising costs for the additional doses of digital and television advertising to compare the cost efficiencies of digital and television advertising on the basis of costs per percentage point of population awareness generated. Higher-dose digital video advertising was associated with 94% increased odds of awareness of any ad online relative to standard-dose markets (Pdigital advertising was associated with a marginally nonsignificant increase (46%) in overall campaign awareness regardless of media format (P=.09). Higher
Inferring Social Influence of Anti-Tobacco Mass Media Campaign.
Zhan, Qianyi; Zhang, Jiawei; Yu, Philip S; Emery, Sherry; Xie, Junyuan
2017-07-01
Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns are designed to influence tobacco users. It has been proved that campaigns will produce users' changes in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes, and also produce meaningful behavior change of audience. Anti-smoking television advertising is the most important part in the campaign. Meanwhile, nowadays, successful online social networks are creating new media environment, however, little is known about the relation between social conversations and anti-tobacco campaigns. This paper aims to infer social influence of these campaigns, and the problem is formally referred to as the Social Influence inference of anti-Tobacco mass mEdia campaigns (Site) problem. To address the Site problem, a novel influence inference framework, TV advertising social influence estimation (Asie), is proposed based on our analysis of two real anti-tobacco campaigns. Asie divides audience attitudes toward TV ads into three distinct stages: 1) cognitive; 2) affective; and 3) conative. Audience online reactions at each of these three stages are depicted by Asie with specific probabilistic models based on the synergistic influences from both online social friends and offline TV ads. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of Asie.
Tracer kinetics of plants carbon allocation with continuously produced 11CO2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Fares, Y.; Goeschl, J.D.; Magnuson, C.E.; Strain, B.R.
1988-01-01
Parameters of carbon allocation dynamics in plants were measured using 11 CO 2 and tracer kinetics techniques. Mechanical agitation reduced carbon export rate (CER) by 33% in cotton seedling's leaf, while storage rate and export pool size increased. Carbon storage and export rates of C 4 bunch grasses were higher in the afternoon than in the morning in spite of the decrease in CER. Water stress of cotton seedlings caused reduction in CER, and increase in exportable products concentrations and rate of storage. By the third stress day, measurable decreases in CER, transpiration, export rate and export pool size were recorded. (author) 17 refs.; 8 figs.; 1 tab
Consequences of dramatic reductions in state tobacco control funds: Florida, 1998-2000.
Niederdeppe, J; Farrelly, M C; Hersey, J C; Davis, K C
2008-06-01
This study assessed whether dramatic funding reductions to the Florida Tobacco Control Program (FTCP) influenced trends in recall of the Florida "truth" anti-smoking media campaign, anti-industry attitudes and non-smoking intentions among Florida teens. We used an interrupted time series technique to test for differences in the rates of change in Florida "truth" recall, anti-industry beliefs and non-smoking intentions before and after the FTCP budget cuts using the Florida Anti-tobacco Media Evaluation (FAME) survey, a repeated cross-sectional telephone survey of Florida teens. Recall of the Florida "truth" anti-smoking campaign, anti-industry attitudes, and non-smoking intentions increased dramatically between April 1998 and May 1999. Florida "truth" recall declined after FTCP budget cuts in June 1999. Anti-industry beliefs and non-smoking intentions plateaued or began to decline after the budget cuts. The launch of the national "truth" campaign in February 2000 may have offset otherwise deleterious effects of the budget cuts on anti-industry beliefs, but not smoking intentions. Reductions in tobacco control funding have immediate effects on programme exposure and cognitive precursors to smoking initiation. There is a critical need to maintain and enhance funding for state tobacco control programmes to continue nationwide progress in preventing youth from initiating cigarette smoking.
Membranas cerámicas. Tipos, métodos de obtención y caracterización
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Benito, J. M.
2004-10-01
Full Text Available The following review summarizes the last advances in technology of ceramic membrane. In the last years these membranes and their modules compete with organic membranes in many applications due to their high thermal and chemical stability, long life and good defouling properties. The sol-gel process is considered one of the best methods for ceramic membranes synthesis, because of its ability to make thin membrane top layers of nanoscale pore diameter, with narrow pore size distribution. Characterization methods such as gas permeation, bubble point test, N2 adsorption-desorption, Hg penetration and microscopy allow to know the structure of the membrane.
Esta revisión resume los últimos avances en tecnología de membranas cerámicas. En los últimos años estas membranas y sus módulos vienen compitiendo con las membranas orgánicas en muchas aplicaciones debido a que muestran una alta estabilidad térmica y química, un largo periodo de funcionamiento y una gran facilidad para ser limpiadas. Uno de los métodos usados para su obtención es el proceso sol-gel, el cual es considerado uno de los mejores para la síntesis de membranas cerámicas debido a su facilidad para conseguir membranas delgadas de tamaños de poro nanométrico y con estrechas distribuciones de tamaño de poro. Métodos de caracterización tales como medidas de permeabilidad, punto burbuja, adsorción-desorción de N2, porosimetría de Hg y microscopía permiten conocer la estructura de la membrana.
Monitoring speed before and during a speed publicity campaign.
Schagen, I.N.L.G. van Commandeur, J.J.F. Goldenbeld, C. & Stipdonk, H.
2016-01-01
Driving speeds were monitored during a period of 16 weeks encompassing different stages of an anti-speeding campaign in the Netherlands. This campaign targeted speed limit violations in built-up areas. The observation periods differed in terms of intensity and media used for the campaign. Small
The Christian Schools Campaign: What Were Its Long-Term Consequences?
Baker, Sylvia
2009-01-01
This article looks at the long-term consequences of a political campaign that was influential in Britain between 1988 and 1992, the Christian Schools Campaign. The campaign was a response to the need for funding of a group of small independent Christian schools. The article brings up to date the direct outcomes of the campaign in two areas. The…
Mourning the Commons: Circulating Affect in Crowdfunded Funeral Campaigns
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tamara Kneese
2018-01-01
Full Text Available This article focuses on the role of circulated affect in crowdfunded funeral campaigns, which have attracted little scholarly attention so far. This study is based on content analysis of online campaigns ( N = 50 and qualitative interviews ( N = 10 with campaign supporters and initiators. Its aim is to connect crowdfunded funeral campaigns to the larger digital-sharing economy. The findings of the study suggest that in order to gather sufficient funds to cover funeral costs, individuals share emotionally evocative narratives and images with their social networks and an imagined Internet audience with the expectation of attracting compassion. The study shows that political movements, media coverage, and sharing on social media platforms are integral to the success of campaigns for socially marginal individuals. The article contributes to the growing study of crowdwork and finds persistent structural inequalities in crowdfunding campaigns, thereby contesting the ethos of the digital commons.
Politics and Radio in the 1924 Campaign.
Berkman, Dave
1987-01-01
Discusses the relation between radio broadcasting and politics in the 1924 presidential campaign, focusing on newspaper and magazine coverage. Notes radio's influence on candidate image, the aspect of censorship, and the use of radio during the campaign and after the election. (MM)
Simple, Yet Powerful English of MoveOns's Campaigns
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Aris Munandar
2012-08-01
Full Text Available Getting messages across to a large audience of diverse backgrounds is a challenge. MoveOn.org is successful in responding to the challenge when writing its campaigns in a language intelligible to all members. This research studies the characteristics of English used in MoveOn’s campaigns during the periods of January 25, to March 30, 2011. It reveals that the campaigns choose ordinary words (neither politically charged nor hyperbolic to maintain neutrality and situation-problem-solution pattern for its rhetorical structure in order to convey an easy-to-follow argument. The research concludes that MoveOn designs its campaigns to produce persuasive effects that are more rational based than emotional-based.
5 CFR 734.411 - Participation in political campaigning; prohibitions.
2010-01-01
... under this subpart may not: (a) Take an active part in managing the political campaign of a candidate for partisan political office or a candidate for political party office; (b) Campaign for partisan... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Participation in political campaigning...
Fluência em filtros cerâmicos de Al2O3 Creep in Al2O3 ceramic filters
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
V. R. Salvini
2001-12-01
Full Text Available O comportamento de fluência em materiais cerâmicos sólidos é afetado pela sua microestrutura. Fundamentalmente, são três os parâmetros que influenciam o comportamento de fluência nestes materiais: o constituinte mineralógico, a fase vítrea e a porosidade. Além destes fatores microestruturais, a fluência em cerâmicas celulares depende também da sua macroestrutura, constituída de um arranjo tridimensional de filamentos sólidos interligados. Assim, a análise dos resultados de fluência nestes materiais compreende duas etapas: na primeira deve-se identificar o modo de deformação dos filamentos cerâmicos (macroestrutura e na segunda, identificar o(s mecanismo(s de fluência da microestrutura através dos parâmetros n (expoente da tensão aplicada e Q (energia de ativação do processo. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a fluência em filtros cerâmicos de Al2O3 de 10 ppi sob compressão de 0,034; 0,051 e 0,068 MPa às temperaturas de 1500, 1550 e 1600 ºC ao ar. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, supõe-se que o modo de deformação por flambagem dos filamentos paralelos a carga aplicada é um dos principais fatores que contribui para o aumento da taxa de deformação do filtro e, portanto, dos valores de n e Q. Além do modo de deformação dos filamentos, observou-se que o tipo de ensaio de fluência (com ou sem troca de carga também influencia a determinação dos valores de n e Q.The creep behavior of solid ceramics is strongly affected by the microstructure. Fundamentally, there are three microstructural features which influence the creep behavior: the mineral content, the flux content and the apparent porosity. Additionally, the creep of cellular ceramics also depends on their macrostructure constituted by a tridimensional array of struts. Therefore, the creep analysis of these materials should consist of two stages. Firstly, identification of the macrostructure deformation mode and secondly, determination of the stress exponent
Situación de la industria argentina de la cerámica, del vidrio y del refractario en el 2000
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hevia, R.
2001-02-01
Full Text Available The globalization of the present economic policy imposes the search of the excellence based on the competition. The same is associate to the economies of scale like effective alternative to reduce the operative costs and to the abolition of protectionisms, that in Argentina are rigorously fulfilled. The effects of the policy are made feel in the different areas from production of materials, that in agreement with the possibilities of each type of industry they look for to adapt itself. In this work is analyzed the situation of the ceramic industry on the basis of the index of evolution of the construction in the last years, since approximately the 90 - 95 % of the argentine ceramic production is linked to it. Also was used the information coming from the most excellent companies and of the associations that group them. In the case of the production of refractories and glasses, the originating information of the companies was only considered. The ceramic production was classified in agreement with the following submarkets: red ceramics, tableware, floors and coatings and sanitary ware. The analysis of the three mentioned industries includes the characterization of the present situation of each of them and allows to enhance the predominant tendencies in each case.
La globalización de la política económica actual impone la búsqueda de la excelencia basada en la competitividad. La misma está asociada a las economías de escala como alternativa eficaz para reducir los costos operativos y a la abolición de proteccionismos, que en la Argentina se cumplen rigurosamente. Los efectos de la política se hacen sentir en las distintas áreas de producción de materiales, que de acuerdo con las posibilidades de cada tipo de industria buscan reacomodarse. En este trabajo se analiza la situación de la industria cerámica en base a los índices de evolución de la construcción en los últimos años, dado que aproximadamente el 90 - 95 % de la
Tendencias en la investigación de la Cerámica Neolítica en la Región Cantábrica
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Cubas Morera, Miriam
2009-01-01
Full Text Available La investigación de la Prehistoria reciente en la Región cantábrica ha estado supeditada a los avances en el campo de los estudios sobre el Paleolítico. Los grandes conjuntos con arte rupestre orientaron, desde un primer momento, el planteamiento de las actuaciones arqueológicas. Esto ha provocado que la Prehistoria reciente ocupase un papel más modesto en el ámbito de la investigación arqueológica regional. En este artículo se exponen las principales líneas de investigación en las que se han basado los estudios sobre el material cerámico adscrito al Neolítico en la Región cantábrica. Pretendemos señalar los hitos fundamentales que evidencian las distintas tendencias en la investigación de la cerámica neolítica en relación con las dinámicas y trayectorias a una escala más amplia. Sin embargo, estas tendencias no se enmarcan en un momento temporal concreto, ya que continúan siendo empleadas en la actualidad.
Common Roman pottery from the Portus Illicitanus | Cerámica común romana del Portus Illicitanus
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María José Sánchez Fernández
1983-12-01
Full Text Available We began to study Roman common ceramic forms from Portus Illicitanus. For its classification we have stated two big groups: cook pottery and table-vessel according to their morphology, chronology and functionality, establishing differences between the local and regional forms and the imported ones. | Se inicia el estudio de algunas formas de cerámica común romana procedentes del Portus Illicitanus. Para su clasificación se han establecido dos grandes apartados: vasijas de cocina y vajilla de mesa, agrupadas según su morfología, cronología y funcionalidad, diferenciando las formas locales y regionales de las importadas.
Desenvolvimento e fabricação de uma mini-impressora 3D para cerâmicas
Luis Hilário Tobler Garcia
2011-01-01
O trabalho trata do estudo do processo de impressão tridimensional e desenvolvimento de uma impressora para a produção de corpos-de-prova cerâmicos. A técnica de impressão tridimensional pertence ao grupo de prototipagem rápida e consiste na obtenção de um corpo sólido a partir de um modelo digital de três dimensões, através do fatiamento do modelo tridimensional e da impressão seqüencial de suas respectivas fatias. Durante o processo de impressão, deposita-se um ligante sobre camadas sucessi...
Medical Service
2002-01-01
Tuesday 19 March 2002 in restaurant nr 2, from 9.00 to 16.30 hrs A blood donors campaign, organized by the Centre de Transfusion sanguine of Geneva If you already have a card giving your blood group, please bring this with you.
Evaluating the ParticipACTION "Think Again" Campaign
Gainforth, Heather L.; Jarvis, Jocelyn W.; Berry, Tanya R.; Chulak-Bozzer, Tala; Deshpande, Sameer; Faulkner, Guy; Rhodes, Ryan E.; Spence, John C.; Tremblay, Mark S.; Latimer-Cheung, Amy E.
2016-01-01
Introduction: ParticipACTION's 2011 "Think Again" campaign aimed to draw parents', and specifically mothers', attention to the amount of physical activity (PA) their children do relative to the national guidelines (physical activity guidelines [PAG]). Purpose: To evaluate ParticipACTION's "Think Again" campaign in the context…
Dunstone, Kimberley; Brennan, Emily; Slater, Michael D; Dixon, Helen G; Durkin, Sarah J; Pettigrew, Simone; Wakefield, Melanie A
2017-04-11
Public health mass media campaigns may contribute to reducing the health and social burden attributed to alcohol consumption, but little is known about which advertising characteristics have been used, or have been effective, in alcohol harm reduction campaigns to date. As a first step towards encouraging further research to identify the impact of various advertising characteristics, this study aimed to systematically identify and examine the content of alcohol harm reduction advertisements (ads). Ads were identified through an exhaustive internet search of Google, YouTube, Vimeo, and relevant government and health agency websites. Eligible ads were: English language, produced between 2006 and 2014, not primarily focused on drink-driving or alcohol in pregnancy, and not alcohol industry funded. Systematic content analysis of all ads was performed; each ad was double-coded. In total, 110 individual ads from 72 different alcohol harm reduction campaigns were identified, with the main source countries being Australia (40%) and the United Kingdom (26%). The dominant topic for 52% of ads was short-term harms, while 10% addressed long-term harms, 18% addressed underage drinking, 17% communicated a how-to-change message, and 3% advocated for policy change. The behavioural objective of most ads was to motivate audiences to reduce their alcohol consumption (38%) or to behave responsibly and/or not get drunk when drinking (33%). Only 10% of all ads mentioned low-risk drinking guidelines. Eighty-seven percent of ads used a dramatisation execution style and 74% had a negative emotional tone. Ninety percent of ads contained messages or content that appeared to target adults, and 36% specifically targeted young adults. Some message attributes have been employed more frequently than others, suggesting several promising avenues for future audience or population-based research to compare the relative effectiveness of different characteristics of alcohol harm reduction ads. Given
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Kimberley Dunstone
2017-04-01
Full Text Available Abstract Background Public health mass media campaigns may contribute to reducing the health and social burden attributed to alcohol consumption, but little is known about which advertising characteristics have been used, or have been effective, in alcohol harm reduction campaigns to date. As a first step towards encouraging further research to identify the impact of various advertising characteristics, this study aimed to systematically identify and examine the content of alcohol harm reduction advertisements (ads. Method Ads were identified through an exhaustive internet search of Google, YouTube, Vimeo, and relevant government and health agency websites. Eligible ads were: English language, produced between 2006 and 2014, not primarily focused on drink-driving or alcohol in pregnancy, and not alcohol industry funded. Systematic content analysis of all ads was performed; each ad was double-coded. Results In total, 110 individual ads from 72 different alcohol harm reduction campaigns were identified, with the main source countries being Australia (40% and the United Kingdom (26%. The dominant topic for 52% of ads was short-term harms, while 10% addressed long-term harms, 18% addressed underage drinking, 17% communicated a how-to-change message, and 3% advocated for policy change. The behavioural objective of most ads was to motivate audiences to reduce their alcohol consumption (38% or to behave responsibly and/or not get drunk when drinking (33%. Only 10% of all ads mentioned low-risk drinking guidelines. Eighty-seven percent of ads used a dramatisation execution style and 74% had a negative emotional tone. Ninety percent of ads contained messages or content that appeared to target adults, and 36% specifically targeted young adults. Conclusions Some message attributes have been employed more frequently than others, suggesting several promising avenues for future audience or population-based research to compare the relative effectiveness of
Use of Deixis in Donald Trump?s Campaign Speech
Hanim, Saidatul
2017-01-01
The aims of this study are (1) to find out the types of deixis in Donald Trump?s campaign speech, (2) to find out the reasons for the use of dominant type of deixis in Donald Trump?s campaign speech and (3) to find out whether or not the deixis is used appropriately in Donald Trump?s campaign speech. This research is conducted by using qualitative content analysis. The data of the study are the utterances from the script Donald Trump?s campaign speech. The data are analyzed by using Levinson ...
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Rômulo Lopes Gama
2007-06-01
Full Text Available Lipofuscinose ceróide neuronal (LCN constitui um grupo de doenças neurodegenerativas caracterizadas pelo depósito anormal de uma substância autofluorescente de lipopigmentos, que lembra ceróide e lipofuscina, dentro dos lisossomos dos neurônios e outros tipos de células. Os principais subtipos fenotípicos, baseando-se na idade de início, curso clínico e morfologia ultraestrutural, são classificados em formas infantil, infantil tardia, juvenil e adulta. Seis genes associados a lipofuscinose ceróide foram identificados e aproximadamente 150 mutações também são descritas. Relatamos sete pacientes com LCN baseados na história clínica, achados neurorradiológicos e patológicos avaliados na Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brasil. Cinco casos foram confirmados com biópsia de pele, sendo dois casos irmãos de pacientes confirmados. O diagnóstico precoce de LCN, uma doença com herança autossômica recessiva, é mandatório para aconselhamento genético e prevenção de outros casos na família. Os achados de imagem podem contribuir no diagnóstico diferencial.The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL are a group of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by abnormal storage of an autofluorescent substance of lipopigments, resembling ceroid and lipofuscin, within lysosomes of neurons and other types of cells. The main phenotypic subtypes have been established on the basis of age of onset, clinical course, and ultra structural morphology, and classified as infantile, late infantile, juvenile and adult forms. Six genes have been associated with human NCL and approximately 150 mutations have been described. The aim of this study is to report the clinical, neuroradiological, and morphological characteristics of seven patients evaluated at Sarah Network of Hospitals for Reabilitation - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil. Five cases were histopathologically confirmed with skin biopsy and two were siblings of
An evaluation of a heroin overdose prevention and education campaign.
Horyniak, Danielle; Higgs, Peter; Lewis, Jennifer; Winter, Rebecca; Dietze, Paul; Aitken, Campbell
2010-01-01
Following detection of an upward trend in the frequency of fatal heroin overdoses in Victoria between 2001 and 2003, Victoria's Department of Human Services planned a campaign aimed at increasing injecting drug users' (IDU) awareness of overdose risks and prevention strategies. Stickers, wallet cards and posters featuring five key messages were distributed via needle and syringe programs (NSP) and other drug and alcohol services between November 2005 and April 2006. An evaluation of the campaign was commissioned to be conducted in late 2006. The evaluation consisted of analysis of three independent data sets--quantitative data collected from IDU during the campaign period (n = 855 at baseline; and a range of 146-656 at follow up); qualitative interviews with IDU who were NSP clients during the campaign period (n = 16) and qualitative interviews with NSP staff and other key stakeholders (n = 9). While key experts felt that the campaign messages had engendered lasting impact for at least some IDU, these positive impressions were not borne out by the NSP client data, with less than one quarter of all campaign messages being mentioned by a significantly higher proportion of clients during the post-campaign period compared with baseline. Key experts perceived the greatest weakness of the campaign to be the delay between issue identification and the introduction of campaign materials. While IDU are generally responsive to health promotion campaigns, future initiatives in this domain should be designed and implemented rapidly and in ways that are sufficiently flexible to cope with shifts in drug markets which could influence the reception of key messages.
Evolução do processo de decoração na indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos: impressão jato de tinta
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M. Cristiano
2015-09-01
Full Text Available ResumoNos últimos 20 anos as empresas cerâmicas buscam incessantemente aprimorar suas tecnologias a fim de se tornarem mais competitivas no mercado mundial. O sistema de decoração mais utilizado na indústria cerâmica é o de rotocolor, entretanto este apresenta limitações que interferem na qualidade e produção dos revestimentos cerâmicos. Sendo assim, está aumentando o número de empresas que estão se adaptando ao novo sistema de impressão por jato de tinta para o processo de decoração de seus produtos. Baseado nesta informação este trabalho consiste em verificar as características das tintas do processo de decoração por jato de tinta e averiguar os benefícios da utilização deste sistema quando comparado ao sistema de rotocolor. O trabalho foi realizado mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica e a experimentos laboratoriais. Em laboratório foram realizados os seguintes ensaios: densidade e viscosidade em tempo de escoamento, distribuição do tamanho de partículas, determinação reológica, difratometria de raios X, microscopia óptica com aumento de 200x e colorimetria. Diante dos resultados obtidos foi possível detectar que as tintas apresentam características não nanométricas relacionadas ao contexto teórico que para ser um material nanométrico deve-se conter tamanhos de partículas todos abaixo de 100 nm, porém as tintas apresentam como menor tamanho o valor de 105,7 nm. Através destes resultados foi possível explicar alguns problemas técnicos que usualmente ocorrem nas impressoras e pela análise de micrografia demonstrou-se que a técnica de impressão digital é mais eficiente e proporciona maior qualidade aos produtos quando comparada à impressão por sistema de rotocolor. Detectou-se que ao alterar a temperatura de sinterização, ou seja, temperaturas necessárias perante as modificações usuais nos fornos de indústrias produtoras de placas cerâmicas de revestimento ocorre uma diferença de tonalidade
Framatome's 1997 advertisement campaign
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tonnac, Alain de
1998-01-01
As many other companies involved in the nuclear business, Framatome was initially concentrating on corporate advertisements in business newspapers and magazines. The first goal was to concentrate on our traditional nuclear core business, while selecting the protection of the environment at large, and particularly the greenhouse effect, one of the most sensible issues of the moment. The 1997 campaign was shaped around the need to motivate European decision makers, while maintaining a domestic consensus towards nuclear power for the future resumption of constructions. The brief elaborated for Ad agencies was roughly threefold: elaborate simple messages, unquestionable, and explained with serenity; put emphasis on the benefits of nuclear power for the environment; establish a balanced comparison between nuclear and fossil fuels. A pre-test was conducted with about 100 people, half of which from the energy sector, and politicians, mainly members of the French and European Parliaments, the other half from the general public. Being accustomed to a usually discrete, if not 'ashamed' nuclear communication, people were generally surprised by such an optimistic tone about nuclear power, but agreed, on average. The campaign lasted one month (spread over June-July 97), and the three selected ads appeared successively in the form of a colour double page. Beyond nuclear magazines, the media plan included French daily newspapers le Figaro, le Monde, les Echos, Liberation, and weekly magazines: le Point, le Nouvel Observateur, I'Express, etc. All of them are intended for middle to high social class readers. In addition, some advertisements were inserted in The European Voice, a weekly publication reaching Brussels Commission and European parliament members. As an average, the campaign was perceived as dynamic (69%), and original (61%). But credibility and conviction were poor (resp 33%, 26%), probably because it was coincident with La Hague being on the carpet. On the other hand
Process Control Plan for 242-A Evaporator Campaign January 2001
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
LE, E.Q.
2001-01-01
Wastewater stored in 104-AW that was generated during the terminal cleanout of the PUREX facility is the primary feed to be processed during the 242-A Evaporator Campaign 01-01, Approximately 801,600 gallons of 104-AW waste was transferred to feed tank 102-AW at the end of January 2001, in preparation for the campaign. The total feed volume that will be processed during Campaign 01-01 is 8 15,200 gallons, which includes the waste from 104-AW and residual waste from the previous evaporator campaign, 00-01, Additional feed will be generated during the pre-campaign cold run and processed during campaign 01-01. Based on characterization data from 104-AW feed waste 'and the evaluation of waste processability presented in Section 5 of this PCP, Campaign 01-01 does not pose any unacceptable risks to the facility, safety, environmental, human health offsite, or onsite personnel. Evaporator Campaign 01-01 is essential in supporting the River Protection Project (RPP) to maintaining its critical mission schedule and regulator commitments for tank waste systems. Several of RPP critical activities requiring completion of Campaign 01-01 by April 1, 2001 are highlighted below. Availability of DST space: Additional tank space that will be made available by this campaign is needed to support the continued interim stabilization of Single-Shell Tanks (SSTs). This additional space will also be used to move waste among Double-Shell Tanks (DSTs) to support the demonstrations of SST waste retrieval. DST life extension: An electrical outage in the AW Tank Farm is scheduled to begin following completion of the Campaign 01-01. This outage is a critical step in identifying and completing life extension upgrades to the DST systems. DST upgrades: Project W-314 plans significant upgrades to the AW Tank Farm to retrieve and supply waste feed to the Waste Treatment (Vitrification) Plant using a system that complies with current environmental requirements. These upgrades will commence on
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gonzalez Ayestaran, P.; Castella, L.
2014-01-01
Through its interaction with the American industry, the NRC has been aware for a number of years of the concern about the impact of the accumulative effect of some regulatory actions. In response to this concern, which was highlighted by the industry, the NRC has carried out initiative to review a number of regulatory requirements order to ensure that NRC regulation and practices dno not lead to an unnecessary regulatory load. The foregoing was in response to what has become commonly known as the CER. Cumulative Effects of Regulation in the Rulemaking Process. In view of the regulatory actuation by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) and, in particular after the events which occurred in Japan, a pilot study has been carried out to examine the CER on a Spanish plant in order to analyse the cumulative effects of regulation and to propose improvements to the management of regulation in line with that set our by the NRC in various documents (SECY-02-081, SECY-11-0032 among others). (Authors)
Evaluation of the mass measles vaccination campaign in Guangdong Province, China.
Peng, Zhi Qiang; Chen, Wei Shi; He, Qun; Peng, Guo Wen; Wu, Cheng Gang; Xu, Ning; Zhao, Zhan Jie; Shu, Jun; Tan, Qiu; Zheng, Hui Zhen; Lin, Li Feng; Deng, Hui Hong; Lin, Jin Yan; Zhang, Yong Hui
2012-02-01
To evaluate the mass measles vaccination campaign of 2009 in Guangdong Province, China. Data on the campaign implementation, measles surveillance, and serological surveillance were reviewed and analyzed by statistical methods. Rapid coverage surveys showed that 98.09% of children were vaccinated during the campaign. The coverage of migrant children increased significantly from 67.10% to 97.32% (pvaccinated during the campaign. Flyers, notices of information from doctors, and television programs were the best methods to inform parents of the campaign. Awareness of the campaign by residents increased significantly from 91.86% to 97.10% (pvaccination campaign approach for controlling measles in a developing region like Guangdong Province with a vast migrant population has proved effective. Comprehensive mobilization, communication with the mass media, and support from government departments were critical to the success of the campaign. Copyright © 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Political Campaigns Of The Stalin Period: Their Content, Peculiarities And Structure
Anna S. Kimerling
2014-01-01
The article examines the content, peculiarities and procedures of mass political campaigns that took place between 1946 and 1953 as part of Stalinist policy. The author analyzes the term 'campaign', describes the role of 'letters to the authorities' (complaints) and examines two types of political campaigns: 1) campaigns mobilizing the population for 'the construction of Socialism' and 2) repressive campaigns to eliminate enemies. Archive and newspaper materials help reconstruct the procedure...
Caracterització arqueomètrica de les ceràmiques espatulades de la Plaça del Rei de Barcelona
Buxeda i Garrigós, Jaume; Cau Ontiveros, Miguel Ángel
2006-01-01
Un total de vint ceràmiques altmedievals, en la major part espatulades, procedents de diversos contextos de les excavacions de Barcelona, han estat caracteritzades arqueomètricament per Fluorescència de Raigs X(FRX), Difracció de Raigs X (DRX) i Microscòpia Òptica de polarització per làmina prima (MO). Els resultats han permès establir una diversitat de produccions d"orígens possiblement locals i/o regionals.
Duke, Jennifer C; Mann, Nathan; Davis, Kevin C; MacMonegle, Anna; Allen, Jane; Porter, Lauren
2014-12-24
Most US smokers do not use evidence-based interventions as part of their quit attempts. Quitlines and Web-based treatments may contribute to reductions in population-level tobacco use if successfully promoted. Currently, few states implement sustained media campaigns to promote services and increase adult smoking cessation. This study examines the effects of Florida's tobacco cessation media campaign and a nationally funded media campaign on telephone quitline and Web-based registrations for cessation services from November 2010 through September 2013. We conducted multivariable analyses of weekly media-market-level target rating points (TRPs) and weekly registrations for cessation services through the Florida Quitline (1-877-U-CAN-NOW) or its Web-based cessation service, Web Coach (www.quitnow.net/florida). During 35 months, 141,221 tobacco users registered for cessation services through the Florida Quitline, and 53,513 registered through Web Coach. An increase in 100 weekly TRPs was associated with an increase of 7 weekly Florida Quitline registrants (β = 6.8, P Web Coach registrants (β = 1.7, P = .003) in an average media market. An increase in TRPs affected registrants from multiple demographic subgroups similarly. When state and national media campaigns aired simultaneously, approximately one-fifth of Florida's Quitline registrants came from the nationally advertised portal (1-800-QUIT-NOW). Sustained, state-sponsored media can increase the number of registrants to telephone quitlines and Web-based cessation services. Federally funded media campaigns can further increase the reach of state-sponsored cessation services.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Webster, Jacqueline
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a desadaptação interna de sistemas cerâmicos em prótese sobre implantes em relação à liberdade rotacional das restaurações após várias cocções da porcelana. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados três sistemas cerâmicos: Procera AllCeram, In-Ceram e CeraOne sobre análogo e intermediário CeraOne. A liberdade rotacional foi medida com um dispositivo acoplado a um relógio comparador em quatro tempos: fase de coifa, após aplicação do corpo da porcelana e glaze, e após duas queimas adicionais. Os dados foram analisados por testes de Friedman, de Kruskal-Wallis e de Wilcoxon, a = 0,01. Resultados: As médias de liberdade rotacional em graus foram: 0,08 para In-Ceram/Análogo; 1,64 para Procera/ Intermediário; 1,72 para CeraOne/Intermediário; 1,88 para CeraOne/Análogo e 1,97 para Procera/Análogo. O sistema In-Ceram sobre o análogo apresentou níveis de liberdade rotacional dez a vinte vezes menores que CeraOne e Procera. Não houve diferença entre as fases de confecção da restauração para In-Ceram. O comportamento de CeraOne e Procera foi similar, com aumento da liberdade rotacional sobre intermediário e análogo com a progressão da confecção da restauração. A liberdade rotacional sobre intermediário foi menor que sobre análogo. Conclusão: A liberdade rotacional variou em função da etapa do processo de fabricação dependendo do sistema totalmente cerâmico
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Dov Shiffman
Full Text Available Although albuminuria and subsequent advanced stage chronic kidney disease are common among patients with diabetes, the rate of increase in albuminuria varies among patients. Since genetic variants associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR were identified in cross sectional studies, we asked whether these variants were also associated with rate of increase in albuminuria among patients with diabetes from ONTARGET and TRANSCEND-randomized controlled trials of ramipril, telmisartan, both, or placebo. For 16 genetic variants associated with eGFR at a genome-wide level, we evaluated the association with annual rate of increase in albuminuria estimated from urine albumin:creatinine ratio (uACR. One of the variants (rs267734 was associated with rate of increase in albuminuria. The annual rate of increase in albuminuria among risk homozygotes (69% of the study population was 11.3% (95%CI; 7.5% to 15.3%, compared with 5.0% (95%CI; 3.3% to 6.8% for heterozygotes (27% of the population, and 1.7% (95%CI; -1.7% to 5.3% for non-risk homozygotes (4% of the population; P = 0.0015 for the difference between annual rates in the three genotype groups. These estimates were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and principal component of genetic heterogeneity. Among patients without albuminuria at baseline (uACR<30 mg/g, each risk allele was associated with 50% increased risk of incident albuminuria (OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.15 to 1.95; P = 0.003 after further adjustment for traditional risk factors including baseline uACR and eGFR. The rs267734 variant is in almost perfect linkage-disequilibrium (r2 = 0.94 with rs267738, a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding a glutamic acid to alanine change at position 115 of the ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2 encoded protein. However, it is unknown whether CERS2 function influences albuminuria. In conclusion, we found that rs267734 in CERS2 is associated with rate of increase in albuminuria among patients
Terry-McElrath, Yvonne M.; Emery, Sherry; Wakefield, Melanie A.; O’Malley, Patrick M.; Szczypka, Glen; Johnston, Lloyd D.
2012-01-01
Objective Young adults in the U.S. have one of the highest smoking prevalence rates of any age group, and young adulthood is a critical time period of targeting by the tobacco industry. We examined relationships between potential exposure to tobacco-related media campaigns from a variety of sponsors and 2-year smoking change measures among a longitudinal sample of U.S. adults aged 20-30 from 2001-2008. Methods Self-report data were collected from a longitudinal sample of 13,076 U.S. young adults from age 20-30. These data were merged with tobacco-related advertising exposure data from Nielsen Media Research. Two-year measures of change in smoking were regressed on advertising exposures. Results Two-year smoking uptake was unrelated to advertising exposure. The odds of quitting among all smokers and reduction among daily smokers in the two years between the prior and current survey were positively related to anti-tobacco advertising, especially potential exposure levels of 104-155 ads over the past 24 months. Tobacco company advertising (including corporate image and anti-smoking) and pharmaceutical industry advertising were unrelated to quitting or reduction. Conclusions Continued support for sustained, public health-based, well-funded anti-tobacco media campaigns may help reduce tobacco use among young adults. PMID:21972061
Radon campaigns. Status report 2008; Radontalkoot. Tilannekatsaus 2008
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Arvela, H.; Valmari, T.; Reisbacka, H.; Niemelae, H.; Oinas, T.; Maekelaeinen, I.; Laitinen-Sorvari, R.
2008-12-15
Radon campaigns aim at activating citizens to make indoor radon measurements and remediation as well as increasing the common awareness of indoor radon questions. Indoor radon increases the risk of lung cancer. Through radon campaigns Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) also promotes the attainment of those goals that the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health has set for municipal authorities in Finland for prevention of the harmful effects of radon. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health supports this campaign. Radon campaigns were started in autumn 2003. By autumn 2008 the campaigns have been organised already in 64 regions altogether in 160 municipalities. In some municipalities they have already arranged two campaigns. Altogether 14 100 houses have been measured and in 2 100 of these the action limit of radon remediation 400 Bq / m3 has been exceeded. When participating in radon campaigns the house owners receive a special offer on radon detectors with a reduced price. In 2008 a new practice was introduced where the campaign advertisements were distributed by mail to low-rise residential houses in a certain region. The advertisement includes an order / deposit slip with postage paid that the house owner can send directly to STUK to easily make an order for radon measurement. In the previous radon campaigns in 2003 - 2007 the municipal authorities collected the orders from house owners and distributed later the radon detectors. The radon concentrations measured in the campaign regions have exceeded the action limit of 400 Bq / m3 in 0 - 39% of houses, depending on the region. The total of 15% of all measurements made exceeded this limit. The remediation activities have been followed by sending a special questionnaire on remedies performed to the house owners. In 2006 - 2007 a questionnaire was sent to those households where the radon concentration of 400 Bq / m3 was exceeded during the two first campaign seasons. Among the households that replied
2002-01-01
Wednesday 13 November 2002 in restaurant nr 2, from 8.30 to 16.30 hrs will be held a blood donors campaign, organized by the Etablissement de Transfusion de Haute-Savoie If you already have a card giving your blood group, please bring this with you.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Thomsen, Frederik B; Mikkelsen, Marta K; Hansen, Rikke B
2016-01-01
AIMS: The aims of the present study were to investigate referral patterns and the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) before and after the Movember campaign was initiated in Denmark. METHODS: All men (n=2817) referred to the Department of Urology at Frederiksberg Hospital with suspicion of having ...
Cassidy, Tali; Bowman, Brett; McGrath, Chloe; Matzopoulos, Richard
2016-10-01
We present a brief report on a systematic review which identified, assessed and synthesized the existing evidence of the effectiveness of media campaigns in reducing youth violence. Search strategies made use of terms for youth, violence and a range of terms relating to the intervention. An array of academic databases and websites were searched. Although media campaigns to reduce violence are widespread, only six studies met the inclusion criteria. There is little strong evidence to support a direct link between media campaigns and a reduction in youth violence. Several studies measure proxies for violence such as empathy or opinions related to violence, but the link between these measures and violence perpetration is unclear. Nonetheless, some evidence suggests that a targeted and context-specific campaign, especially when combined with other measures, can reduce violence. However, such campaigns are less cost-effective to replicate over large populations than generalised campaigns. It is unclear whether the paucity of evidence represents a null effect or methodological challenges with evaluating media campaigns. Future studies need to be carefully planned to accommodate for methodological difficulties as well as to identify the specific elements of campaigns that work, especially in lower and middle income countries. Copyright © 2016 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
11 CFR 9035.1 - Campaign expenditure limitation; compliance and fundraising exemptions.
2010-01-01
... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Campaign expenditure limitation; compliance and... ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND: PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY MATCHING FUND EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS § 9035.1 Campaign... campaign for nomination, which expenditures, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000,000 (as adjusted under 2 U.S...
O uso da cerâmica avançada no design, de joias para o mercado de luxo nacional
Guilgen, Carolina de Araujo
2014-01-01
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de um experimento realizado no intuito de introduzir a zircônia pigmentada no design de joias para o mercado nacional. A zircônia é uma cerâmica avançada que vem sendo utilizada por empresas estrangeiras, nas cores branca, preta, rosa e azul claro. Com o crescimento do mercado de luxo no Brasil, as empresas nacionais devem enfrentar a concorrência das marcas estrangeiras, especialmente com o crescimento de shopping centers voltados para a camada de ...
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Pablo RUIZ MONTES
2013-06-01
Full Text Available El análisis de un caso concreto, el de la comercialización de la producción de cerámicas finas de los talleres alfareros de Los Villares de Andújar (Jaén, antigua Isturgi, ofrece la oportunidad para reflexionar sobre diversos aspectos relativos al intercambio y circulación de este tipo de bienes coincidiendo con los años de mayor bonanza económica y social en la Bética; el análisis de la naturaleza de la economía romana, de las formas y alcance que adquiere el comercio en cuestión (distribución local-regional y a larga distancia y su caracterización esencial, así como otros elementos colaterales al fenómeno (valor, gusto, consumidores..., han centrado nuestra atención. Todo ello permite dibujar una situación de excepcional dinamismo económico del que la producción y comercio de vajillas cerámicas locales, en especial la sigillata, es parte, pero también consecuencia. El proceso, intensificado desde Claudio I gracias al desarrollo de la red de comunicaciones y los transportes, la mayor demanda de bienes y un moderado crecimiento demográfico, propicia la aparición de nuevos estándares en la producción de cerámicas finas locales béticas, hasta entonces dominada aún por las tradiciones autóctonas y la desestructurada producción de cerámicas tipo Peñaflor.
Freitas,N. L de; Maniero,M. G.; Coury,J. R.
2004-01-01
Neste trabalho foram utilizados filtros cerâmicos para filtração de aerossóis, constituídos por dupla camada, onde a primeira camada é formada por um suporte celular de elevada porosidade com diâmetro de poro controlado e a segunda formada por uma película filtrante. A camada suporte foi obtida pela técnica de replicação cerâmica de espuma poliuretânica, por meio da impregnação de uma suspensão aquosa de Al2O3. Foram utilizados suportes de 45 e 75 poros/polegada. A membrana filtrante (Al2O3 e...
Preparing for SMOS: Sea Salinity Campaigns and Results
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Søbjærg, Sten Schmidl; Balling, Jan E.; Kristensen, Steen Savstrup
2006-01-01
Mapping of sea surface salinity, based on L-band radiometric measurements, is presently investigated as a preparation for space missions. Special concern is on correction for effects caused by the sea surface roughness, and this paper will address two campaigns, LOSAC and CoSMOS, with the aim...... of investigating these effects. Conclusions from LOSAC are presented, and open issues to be investigated during the presently ongoing CoSMOS campaign are outlined. Finally, the installation and campaign plan for CoSMOS are presented....
Brennan, Emily; Durkin, Sarah J; Wakefield, Melanie A; Kashima, Yoshihisa
2016-01-01
Campaign-stimulated conversations have been shown to increase the effectiveness of antismoking campaigns. In order to explore why such effects occur, in the current study we coded the content of naturally occurring conversations. We also examined whether the short-term effects of talking, and of different types of talk, on quitting intentions were mediated through intrapersonal message responses. Using the Natural Exposure(SM) methodology, we exposed 411 smokers to 1 of 6 antismoking advertisements while they were watching television at home. Responses to the advertisement-conversation participation and content, emotional responses, personalized perceived effectiveness, and changes in intentions to quit-were measured within 3 days of exposure. Conversations were coded for appraisal of the advertisement (favorable, neutral, or unfavorable) and the presence of quitting talk and emotion talk. Mediation analyses indicated that the positive effects of talking on intention change were mediated through personalized perceived effectiveness and that the positive effects were driven by conversations that contained a favorable appraisal and/or quitting talk. Conversely, conversations that contained an unfavorable appraisal of the advertisement were negatively associated with campaign effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of measuring interpersonal communication when evaluating campaigns and the need for further research to identify the message characteristics that predict when smokers talk and when they talk only in desirable ways.
Lim, Megan S C; Gold, Judy; Bowring, Anna L; Pedrana, Alisa E; Hellard, Margaret E
2015-05-01
In 2009, the Australian Government's National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program launched a multi-million dollar sexual health campaign targeting young people. We assessed campaign recognition among a community sample of young people. Individuals aged 16-29 years self-completed a questionnaire at a music festival. Participants were asked whether they recognised the campaign image and attempted to match the correct campaign message. Recognition of two concurrent campaigns, GlaxoSmithKline's The Facts genital herpes campaign (targeting young women) and the Drama Downunder campaign (targeting gay men) were assessed simultaneously. Among 471 participants, just 29% recognised the National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program campaign. This compared to 52% recognising The Facts and 27% recognising Drama Downunder. Of 134 who recognised the National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program campaign, 27% correctly recalled the campaign messages compared to 61% of those recognising the Facts campaign, and 25% of those recognising the Drama Downunder campaign. There was no difference in National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program campaign recognition by gender or age. Campaign recognition and message recall of the National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program campaign was comparatively low. Future mass media sexual health campaigns targeting young people can aim for higher recognition and recall rates than that achieved by the National Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Program campaign. Alternative distribution channels and message styles should be considered to increase these rates. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.
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TECNOLOGIA,SL, BULMA
2010-04-01
Full Text Available New team of passage by technology microwaves for dried laminar of materials of high absorption, and dried green porcelain format until 1200 mm and thicknesses until 25 mm. It allows the elimination of water with improvement of productivity, energetic efficiency and clean technology for processed of marble, natural stone, ceramic tiles, plasters and products in bulk, without broadcasts of CO2, and respectful with the Nature, allows the dried with low degree. Project manufactured and designed totally by BULMA situated in L’Alcudia protected with national patent number P200931081.
Nuevo equipo de pasaje por tecnología microondas para secado laminar de materiales de alta absorción,y secado de bizcocho en verde formato hasta 1200 mm y espesores hasta 25 mm. Permite la eliminación de humedad con mejora de productividad, eficiencia energética y tecnológicamente limpios para procesado de mármol, piedra natural, cerámica, escayola y productos a granel, sin emisiones de CO2, y respetuoso con el medio ambiente, permite el secado con bajos gradientes, fabricado y diseñado íntegramente por empresa valenciana BULMA situada en L’Alcudia protegido con patente nacional P200931081 y en tramite internacional.
2001-01-01
A blood donors campaign, organized by the Centre de Transfusion Sanguine of Geneva will be held at CERN on Tuesday 13 March 2001 in restaurant nr 2, from 9.00 to 16.30 hrs If you already have a card giving your blood group, please bring this with you.
2001-01-01
A blood donors campaign, organized by the Centre de Transfusion d'Annemasse will be held at CERN on Tuesday 14 November 2001 in restaurant nr 2, from 9.00 to 16.30 hrs If you already have a card giving your blood group, please bring this with you.
Wright, Annemarie; McGorry, Patrick D; Harris, Meredith G; Jorm, Anthony F; Pennell, Kerryn
2006-01-01
Background Early detection and treatment of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults can lead to better health outcomes. Mental health literacy is a key to early recognition and help seeking. Whilst a number of population health initiatives have attempted to improve mental health literacy, none to date have specifically targeted young people nor have they applied the rigorous standards of population health models now accepted as best practice in other health areas. This paper describes the outcomes from the application of a health promotion model to the development, implementation and evaluation of a community awareness campaign designed to improve mental health literacy and early help seeking amongst young people. Method The Compass Strategy was implemented in the western metropolitan Melbourne and Barwon regions of Victoria, Australia. The Precede-Proceed Model guided the population assessment, campaign strategy development and evaluation. The campaign included the use of multimedia, a website, and an information telephone service. Multiple levels of evaluation were conducted. This included a cross-sectional telephone survey of mental health literacy undertaken before and after 14 months of the campaign using a quasi-experimental design. Randomly selected independent samples of 600 young people aged 12–25 years from the experimental region and another 600 from a comparison region were interviewed at each time point. A series of binary logistic regression analyses were used to measure the association between a range of campaign outcome variables and the predictor variables of region and time. Results The program was judged to have an impact on the following variables, as indicated by significant region-by-time interaction effects (p awareness of mental health campaigns, self-identified depression, help for depression sought in the previous year, correct estimate of prevalence of mental health problems, increased awareness of suicide risk, and a reduction
Fear appeals and confronting information campaigns. [Previously: Fear-based information campaigns.
2007-01-01
Fear appeals or confronting information campaigns confront people in an often hard and sometimes even shocking way with the consequences of risky behaviour. This can have a positive impact on the attitudes and behavioural intentions of the target group, but only if key conditions are met. Those
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kane, John
1995-01-01
The history of the nuclear industry in the UK has been dominated by Sellafield reprocessing site in west Cumbria. The site, formerly owned by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was transferred to the newly-formed British Nuclear Fuels plc in 1971. Although trade union representation existed at Sellafield before the emergence of BNFL, it is only after this date that collective trade union activity began to emerge. In 1977, after a long running dispute with management about the issue of radiation dose uptake, the workforce went on strike, forcing the management to question their previous 'need to know' attitude and to improve industrial relations. In 1984, it was recognised that the lobbying influence of trade unions within politics, and especially the Labour party could be used to greater effect to challenge potentially -damaging influence of anti-nuclear campaigners. The National Campaign for the Nuclear Industry (NCNI) was born, combining nine industrial and non-industrial trade unions within the nuclear industry. Its task during the last ten years has been to put forward the interests of its members collectively and to secure the, role of nuclear power. within a balanced energy policy in the political arena. In dome so, it has gained a credible voice within both the trade union movement and the Labour party. The new Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) received strong support from the NCNI during its construction and commissioning phases. When it became clear that the anti-nuclear lobby had gained the upper hand and were beginning to seriously delay the necessary legal instruments required to start the plant, the power of collective action was once again recognised, and the TRUST US campaign was born. The campaign was run and organised by a clerks committee and fronted by the Trade Unions at Sellafield., and turned out to be one of the most successful] trade union campaigns in recent history. The first task involved getting, the entire workforce on
Humane Society International's global campaign to end animal testing.
Seidle, Troy
2013-12-01
The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 European sales ban for newly animal-tested cosmetics, in achieving the June 2013 cosmetics animal testing ban in India as well as major cosmetics regulatory policy shifts in China and South Korea, and in securing precedent-setting reductions in in vivo data requirements for pesticides in the EU through the revision of biocides and plant protection product regulations, among others. HSI is currently working to export these life-saving measures to more than a dozen industrial and emerging economies. 2013 FRAME.
Detención fotoacústica de transiciones de fase en cerámicas ferroeléctricas
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Castañeda Guzmán, R.
1999-10-01
Full Text Available Phase transition on ferroelectric ceramics were detected by photoacoustic laser technique which allows the measurement of the Curie temperature and ferro-paraelectric transitions. The photoacoustic signal produced by low energy laser pulses using a piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample by a glass or quartz rod is shown. The developed technique requires nor signal amplification neither special preparation of the sample and have an excellent signal to noise ratio. In order to validate this technique it was applied to the measurement of Curie temperature of the PbSmTiO3 and Pb(MgNbTiO3 ceramics. These results were compared with those obtained by DTA, DMA and dielectric permittivity.
Se presenta una técnica fotoacústica de láser pulsado para detectar las transiciones de fase en cerámicas ferroeléctricas, determinando la temperatura de Curie y el cambio de estructura ferro-paraeléctrico. Se muestran los cambios producidos en las señales fotoacústicas generadas por láser pulsado de baja energía (< 200 μJ, utilizando para la detección un sensor piezoeléctrico pegado a la muestra por medio de una varilla de vidrio o cuarzo. La técnica desarrollada no requiere amplificación de la señal, ni preparación especial de la muestra y presenta una relación señal a ruido excelente. Para demostrar la validez de la técnica se aplicó al estudio de la determinación de la temperatura de Curie de las cerámicas: PbSmTiO3 y Pb(MgNbTiO3. Los resultados se comparan con los obtenidos por otras técnicas como son DTA, DMA y permitividad dieléctrica.
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Thiago Morais de Castro
2015-03-01
Full Text Available Características físicas (absorção de água, mecânicas (resistência à compressão, de toxicidade e de superfície (microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram avaliadas em blocos cerâmicos acústicos, fabricados por meio do processo de solidificação/estabilização (S/E, a partir da incorporação de lodo proveniente de estação de tratamento de efluentes têxteis. Os blocos cerâmicos acústicos foram produzidos com incorporação de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35% de lodo têxtil na massa de argila, bem como o bloco controle. Os resultados indicaram a porcentagem de 20% de lodo como o limite para fornecer material com características de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. O processo de S/E foi eficiente no aproveitamento/tratamento do lodo têxtil, uma vez que permitiu a imobilização dos poluentes na massa de argila, os quais não foram lixiviados, tampouco solubilizados.
The PACA Project Observing Campaigns: From Comets to the Sun
Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A.; PACA Project
2017-10-01
The Pro-Am Collaborative Astronomy (PACA) project evolved from the observational campaign of C/2012 S1 or C/ISON in 2013, and has expanded to pro-am observing campaigns of planets, polarimetric exploration and recently, polarization of the inner solar corona during the 2017 US Continental Total Solar Eclipse (TSE). The evolving need for individual customized observing campaigns has been incorporated into the evolution of PACA portal: supporting observing campaigns of current comets, legacy data, historical comets, planets, solar corona, interconnected with social media and a set of shareable documents addressing observational strategies; consistent standards for data; data access, use, and storage, to align with the needs of professional observers. Given the volume of data generated for each campaign, new ways of rapid data analysis, mining access and storage are needed. Several interesting results emerged from the synergistic inclusion of both social media and amateur astronomers: (1) the establishment of a network of astronomers and related professionals, that can be galvanized into action on short notice to support observing campaigns; (2) assist in various science investigations pertinent to the campaign; (3) provide an alert-sounding mechanism should the need arise; (4) immediate outreach and dissemination of results via our media/blogger members; (5) provide a forum for discussions between the imagers and modelers to help strategize the observing campaign for maximum benefit. Some recent PACA campaigns of note are: C/2013 A1 (C/SidingSpring) ; 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (CG), target for ESA/Rosetta mission; PACA_Jupiter (and for other planets Mars, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune); polarimetry and current campaign PACA_PolNet, a multi-site polarimetric network to be implemented in August 2017, in partnership with the project Citizen CATE. I will highlight key aspects of various PACA campaigns, especially the current PACA_PolNet for the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse and
Low-budget advertising campaigns: CONCEPT AND TECHNOLOGY
Makarova, E. O.; Ababiy, Nataliya Sergeevna; Макарова, Е. О.; Абабий, Наталья Сергеевна
2013-01-01
In the world we just need to do the concept of advertising and advertising strategy correctly, in other words, to plain the marketing campaign. Well-planned advertising campaign is not always expensive. The analog of the big-budget advertising campaign is a low-budget. There are several types of effective low-budget campaign. They will be described in this article. В современном мире нужно грамотно выстраивать концепцию рекламы и рекламную стратегию, другими словами грамотно подходить к пл...
[Research on China railway health campaign in 1930s].
Huang, Huaping
2015-01-01
The motivation factors of China's railway health campaign in 1930s included avocation by the government, mass media mobilization, railway authorities' hygiene awareness and the systematization of the construction of organization. During the health campaign, the railway authorities adopted various approaches for its formation, including the rally speeches, distribution of materials, cleaning and vaccination etc. Unfortunately, the actual effect of railway health campaign was not satisfactory, yet, it enhanced theoretically railway employees' health knowledge and contributed to the promotion of modernization of hygienic knowledge. Meanwhile, there still existed many problems in the railway health campaign, for example, lack of funds, formalism and uneven development among the railway bureaus.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Moreira J. M. S.
2003-01-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar um resíduo de serragem de granito, proveniente da indústria de pedras ornamentais do estado do Espírito Santo, como aditivo na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos para construção civil. Este resíduo é um material não biodegradável que quando descartado gera poluição e degrada o meio ambiente. Assim, uma amostra deste material foi selecionada de modo que suas características com respeito a composição química, difração de raios X, análise de tamanho de partícula, massa específica real e plasticidade pudessem ser estudadas. Foram preparadas misturas contendo até 10% em peso de resíduo, e sinterizadas em sete diferentes temperaturas entre 850 ºC e 1150 ºC. A evolução na formação de fases cristalinas nos corpos cerâmicos durante a sinterização foi acompanhada por DRX. As propriedades físico-mecânicas foram determinadas em função da temperatura de sinterização e % de resíduo adicionado. Os resultados revelaram que o resíduo é um material polimineral não plástico constituído basicamente por sílica, feldspatos, mica e calcita. Uma série de transformações de fases ocorreram durante a sinterização. Além do mais, os corpos sinterizados contendo resíduo de serragem de granito têm uso provável em cerâmica vermelha, contribuindo para a minimização de resíduos e desenvolvimento auto-sustentado.
Going all-in: gender and campaign commitment
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Michael G Miller
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Recent evidence suggests that women overcome the potential negative impact of gender stereotypes by emerging when they are stronger candidates than men. I leverage an original survey of state legislative candidates to determine whether women devote more time to their campaigns. I find that women on the whole, and those who had previously been elected to a political office in particular, invested more of their personal time into the campaign than men. This difference is driven by the fact that women are more likely to forgo employment during the election. These findings suggest that women are more likely than men to arrange their personal obligations in such a fashion that they can run stronger campaigns.
Campaign contributions, lobbying and post-Katrina contracts.
Hogan, Michael J; Long, Michael A; Stretesky, Paul B
2010-07-01
This research explores the relationship between political campaign contributions, lobbying and post-Hurricane Katrina cleanup and reconstruction contracts. Specifically, a case-control study design is used to determine whether campaign contributions to national candidates in the 2000-04 election cycles and/or the employment of lobbyists and lobbying firms increased a company's probability of receiving a post-hurricane contract. Results indicate that both a campaign contribution dichotomous variable and the dollar amount of contributions are significantly related to whether a company received a contract, but that lobbying activity was not. These findings are discussed in the context of previous research on the politics of natural disasters, government contracting and governmental and corporate deviance.
La voz en la tribuna (El verbo apasionado de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
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Carlos José Reyes
2009-05-01
Full Text Available El uso de la voz humana comoun medio de comunicación einducción frente a la comunidad,se ha desarrollado desde las primerascivilizaciones. Sócrates creóen Grecia la primera escuela deoratoria. En Colombia, uno de lospolíticos y oradores públicos quemás utilizó la oratoria, con su vozvibrante y emotiva, fue el caudilloliberal Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, quienencontró las palabras, los acentos,giros y expresiones adecuadaspara comunicarse con ampliossectores populares. La fuerza desu movimiento lo hubiera llevadoa la presidencia, de no ser por suasesinato, el 9 de abril de 1948.Palabras clave: oratoria, pueblo, a lacarga, mamola, reconquista.
INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS – MEANS OF COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMERS
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Claudia-Nicoleta Dobrescu
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Within a company’s activities, an important role is granted to the performance and implementation of information campaigns for the final consumers. The paper has the general objective to identify specific issues that constitute the premises for the preparation and conduct of such activities, and especially the expected results. The analysis is performed and based on a direct research among several companies, which operate in various fields, for the identification of a method of performance and implementation of information campaigns that are necessary for ensuring visibility on the reference market. The aim of the study was to identify the importance that the firms from Resita give to information campaigns addressed to a target audience. The study was carried from April to May 2013 on a sample of small, medium and large firms, which operate in trade, manufacturing and services. The questions and the discussions addressed to the public were meant to outline the specific aspects of the exact way in which the information campaigns were done for their clients, but also to underline the results obtained with the help of these campaigns.
Promising Themes for Antismoking Campaigns Targeting Youth and Young Adults.
Brennan, Emily; Gibson, Laura A; Kybert-Momjian, Ani; Liu, Jiaying; Hornik, Robert C
2017-01-01
Behavior change campaigns typically try to change beliefs that influence behaviors, with targeted beliefs comprising the campaign theme. We present an empirical approach for choosing among a large number of potential themes, and results from the implementation of this approach for campaigns aimed at 4 behavioral targets: (1) preventing smoking initiation among youth, and (2) preventing initiation, (3) stopping progression to daily smoking and (4) encouraging cessation among young adults. An online survey of 13- to 17-year-olds and 18- to 25-year-olds in the United States (US), in which 20 potential campaign themes were represented by 154 beliefs. For each behavioral target, themes were ranked based on the strength of belief-intention and belief-behavior associations and size of the population not already endorsing the beliefs. The most promising themes varied across behavioral targets but 3 were consistently promising: consequences of smoking for mood, social acceptance and social popularity. Using a robust and systematic approach, this study provides campaign developers with empirical data to inform their selection of promising themes. Findings related to the campaign to prevent initiation among youth informed the development of the US Food and Drug Administration's "The Real Cost" campaign.
[Success factors in public healthy eating campaigns: a case study].
Aschemann-Witzel, J; Pérez-Cueto, F J A; Strand, M; Verbeke, W; Bech-Larsen, T
2012-01-01
Public campaigns and interventions are rarely fully evaluated regarding their effectiveness. The analysis of past, successful activities can contribute to the future development of public campaigns and interventions for healthier eating. The study of public campaigns and interventions for healthier eating aimed at identifying the underlying success factors and describing their relation. Interviews were conducted with representatives of 11 cases that had been identified as especially successful in an earlier research step. The interviews were analysed with regard to possible success factors and the latter used to develop a model of success factor interrelation. It was found that success of the cases was first, attributed to characteristics of the macro environment or to public private partnerships in the initiation of campaigns, second, to the engagement of social communities, elements of empowerment of the target group and the implementation of social marketing measures, and thirdly, in citizens adoption of the campaign and in accompanying structural changes. The model and identified success factors underline that success can stem from three crucial phases: the set up of a campaign, the conduction and finally, the interrelation with the citizen. The model can serve as a guide in the future development of campaigns.
Brand experiences in engaging marketing campaigns
Reisegg, Kristin
2012-01-01
This research examines the effects from engaging marketing campaigns on brand experiences and the potential outcome on affective commitment and loyalty. In doing this, it also test the validity of the brand experience scale in a new setting during a short term marketing campaign. The research was conducted as a natural experiment during a marketing event arranged by Litago. Data were collected from participants and a control group, and the survey was sent out through the online survey tool...
Butler, Teresa Adela
2009-01-01
El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue estudiar el desarrollo de la biopelícula depositada sobre las salivaderas dentales de tres materiales diferentes (acero inoxidable, cerámica y opalina), de equipos odontológicos correspondientes a dos zonas diferentes del casco urbano de la ciudad de La Plata (Z1 y Z2). Para ello se realizaron 38 cortes de salivaderas dentales de los tres materiales, de cada zona En primer lugar se realizó el análisis de la microbiota planctónica y sé...
Towards Sustainability in Viral Marketing with User Engaging Supporting Campaigns
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Jarosław Jankowski
2017-12-01
Full Text Available While viral marketing has captured substantial academic and professional interest, the processes that underpin successful viral marketing campaigns remain poorly understood. High competition and pressure for successful campaigns lead to strategies based on persuasion, unsolicited messages, and other techniques that negatively affect brand perception. The need for more sustainable strategies with a limited negative impact on web users is observed. Therefore, the current study examines the effectiveness of viral marketing and a supporting campaign, where the main goal was to increase user engagement and overall campaign performance. Supporting campaigns were evaluated, to determine whether they enhanced viral activity, but without the need for high persuasion or intrusive techniques. Results showed that supporting actions could be integrated with lower performing campaigns to increase their effectiveness. Apart from the main scientific goal that is presented, the study demonstrates how virtual worlds can provide a laboratory-like environment for identifying the processes that underpin viral marketing.
Marcas en la producción cerámica artesanal. Hacia una arqueología de la identidad.
López, Mariel Alejandra
2012-01-01
En el marco de un proyecto centrado en el estudio de las imágenes e identidades antes y después de la conquista española se discute aquí la naturaleza de ciertas marcas y de algunos patrones y elementos de diseño, que habrían funcionado del mismo modo que dichas marcas, en registros materiales cerámicos procedentes de contextos de tipo funerario y doméstico de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, fechados entre los siglos XV y XVII. A diferencia de los elementos de diseño, algunas d...
Bray, Janet E; Stub, Dion; Ngu, Philip; Cartledge, Susie; Straney, Lahn; Stewart, Michelle; Keech, Wendy; Patsamanis, Harry; Shaw, James; Finn, Judith
2015-07-06
The aim of this study was to examine the awareness of a recent mass media campaign, and its influence on knowledge and prehospital times, in a cohort of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients admitted to an Australian hospital. We conducted 199 semistructured interviews with consecutive ACS patients who were aged 35 to 75 years, competent to provide consent, and English speaking. Questions addressed the factors known to predict prehospital delay, awareness of the campaign, and whether it increased knowledge and influenced actions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between campaign awareness and a 1-hour delay in deciding to seek medical attention (patient delay) and a 2-hour delay in presenting to hospital (prehospital delay). The median age was 62 years (IQR=53 to 68 years), and 68% (n=136) were male. Awareness of the campaign was reported by 127 (64%) patients, with most of these patients stating the campaign (1) increased their understanding of what is a heart attack (63%), (2) increased their awareness of the signs and symptoms of heart attack (68%), and (3) influenced their actions in response to symptoms (43%). After adjustment for other predictors, awareness of the campaign was significantly associated with patient delay time of ≤1 hour (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.25, 95% CI: 1.03 to 4.91, P=0.04) and prehospital delay time ≤2 hours (AOR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.36 to 7.08, P=0.007). Our study showed reasonably high awareness of the warning signs campaign, which was significantly associated with shorter prehospital decision-making and faster presentation to hospital. © 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.