What we miss in order to be able to design and build a commercially viable fusion reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreani, R. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Energia

1999-07-01

The paper considers in a critical way the different areas in which work is required to provide sufficient information in view of designing a reliable and attractive fusion reactor. Four main areas of activity are considered: physics, technology, engineering, safety. In physics the trend is positive towards a better understanding of suitable plasma regimes to be confirmed through further experimentation on the operating machines. Engineering has already proven itself by the design and construction of a number of experimental machines. In addition a large data base obtained from design and operation of fission reactors is available. Safety is reaching very satisfactory results in the analysis of the impact of fusion on man and the environment. Where it is still a large unsolved problem is concerning materials capable of standing the harsh fusion environment for an adequate number of years. An intense neutron source is needed in order to allow the necessary developments. [Italian] Il rapporto considera in modo critico le differenti aree nelle quali si richiede ulteriore lavoro per fornire informazini sufficienti al fine di progettare un reattore a fusione affidabile ed economicamente competitivo. Vengono considerate quattro aree principali di attivita': fisica, tecnologia, ingegneria, sicurezza. Nella fisica, vi e' una positiva tendenza verso una migliore comprensione di regimi di plasma favorevoli da confermare attraverso ulteriore sperimentazione sulle macchine funzionanti. L' ingegneria ha gia' dato dimostrazione di se' col progetto e la costruzione di un notevole numero di macchine sperimentali. In aggiunta e' disponibile un gran numero di dati ottenuti dalla progettazione, realizzazione e funzionamento dei reattori a fissione. La sicurezza sta raggiungendo risultati molto soddisfacenti nell'analisi dell'impatto della fusione sull'uomo e sull'ambiente. Un grosso problema tuttora irresoluto e' quello dei

I diritti sindacali nei luoghi di lavoro: proselitismo e propaganda sindacale, i permessi e l’aspettativa per motivi sindacali

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessia Gabriele

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Sommario: 1. Premessa. – 2. La nozione di atti­vità sindacale nei luoghi di lavoro. – 3. I diritti sindacali nello Statuto dei lavoratori: inquadra­mento sistematico e dogmatico. – 4. Libertà di manifestazione del pensiero: propaganda sindacal­e e opera di proselitismo. – 5. Titolarità del di­ritto di cui all’art. 26 St. lav. e individuazio­ne non selettiva dei beneficiari della promozione. – 6. Versamento ed esazione dei contributi sinda­cali: oggetto e funzione. – 7. Volontarietà della tratte­nuta sindacale e sua qualificazione giuridi­ca. – 8. La garanzia della segretezza del versa­mento dei contributi e la tutela della privacy del lavoratore. – 8.1. (segue La contrattazione collet­tiva e la ri­scossione dei contributi sindacali. 9. Il limite al­l’esercizio dell’attività di proselitismo: il pregiu­dizio al ‹‹normale svolgimento dell’attività azien­dale›› – 10. Svolgimento dell’attività sinda­cale ed esonero dall’obbligo di eseguire la presta­zione di lavoro: la disciplina legale dei permessi e dell’a­spettativa per motivi sindacali. – 11. Per­messi sin­dacali retribuiti (art. 23 St.lav.: natura e titolari­tà del diritto. – 12. Limiti quantitativi all’e­sercizio del diritto. – 13. L’onere della comunica­zione. – 14. Permessi sindacali non retribuiti (art. 24 St.­lav.: titolarità e attività tutelata. – 16. Per­messi retribuiti per i dirigenti sindacali esterni (art. 30 St. lav.. - 17. Limiti e modalità di eserci­zio del di­ritto. 18. Aspettativa per motivi sindacali (art. 31 St. lav..

Tribunale di Piacenza- sezione lavoro Ord. 16 gennaio 2013, dr Picciau RCC contro MB s.r.l.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Calogero Massimo Cammalleri

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Lavoro (controversie – impugnazione di licenziamento – nuovo rito ex l. n. 92 del 2012– facoltatività – esclusione- rinuncia alla fase sommaria – ammissibilità.* Lavoro (controversie – impugnazione di licenziamento – nuovo rito ex l. n. 92 del 2012– rinuncia alla fase sommaria – conseguenze – applicazione analogica art. 4 del d. lgs n. 150 del 2011 (semplificazione dei riti – integrazione degli atti – separazione delle doman­de.* Benché il rito previsto dalla legge Fornero non sia facoltativo, non sussistono limiti di ordi­ne legale, nell'ambito dello stesso rito, alla rinuncia alla fase sommaria, attesocchè l'interesse di entrambe le parti del rapporto di lavoro ad una sollecita definizione del processo inerente ai licenziamenti con tutela ex art. 18 st. lav. e quello pubblico alla sollecita definizione di tali processi non viene menomato. * Nel caso di rinuncia concorde alla fase sommaria del giudizio introdotto con il nuovo rito dei licenziamenti e di compresenza di domande diverse il giudice deve separare i processi e contestualmente fissare distinte udienze ex art. 420 c.p.c.

Appello Catania - sezione lavoro Sent. 27. X. 2011 n. 933sull'improcedibilità del giudizio di primo grado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Calogero Massimo Cammalleri

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Lavoro (controversie di- ricorso di primo grado – noti­ficazione - inesistenza materiale o giuridica - conseguen­ze - assegnazione di un nuovo termine – sanatoria – esclusione. *L’omessa notificazione del ricorso introduttivo del giudizio di primo grado e del pedissequo decreto di fissazione dell’udien­za, impone al giudice di dichiarare l’improcedibilità del ricor­so definendo il giudizio con una sentenza di mero rito non po­tendo più il processo proseguire per non essere consentita - in ragione del principio costituzionalizzato della "ragionevole durata" del processo - la fissazione di un nuovo termine per la notificazione del ricorso e del decreto di fissazione dell'udien­za, mai in precedenza effettuata, attesa l’inapplicabilità in tal caso degli artt. 291 e 421 c.p.c. * massima a cura della redazione

[100 years of lead poisoning studies from a reading of articles published in La Medicina del Lavoro].

Science.gov (United States)

Alessio, L; Cortesi, I; Materzanini, P; Barenghi, M

1999-01-01

In preparing this paper we considered the articles published in La Medicina del Lavoro from 1901, its first year of publication. This scientific journal was founded in Milan, when an animated debate arose in Italy on the necessity of treating and, above all, preventing occupational diseases. In the same city, the "Clinica del Lavoro" (i.e. Institute of Occupational Medicine) was inaugurated in 1910. Its founder, Professor Luigi Devoto, had to overcome numerous obstacles caused by the hostility of the Rector of the University of Pavia--the future Nobel prize winner Camillo Golgi--and the clinicians of the main hospital of Milan, founded by Francesco Sforza in the XV century. From reading a century of articles which appeared in La Medicina del Lavoro, it is clear that for occupational physicians lead is an exemplary topic by which to evaluate the evolution of research in the field of occupational diseases. The numerous pathological features of lead poisoning, the successive therapeutic responses of physicians, and the gradual development of preventive techniques constitute a paradigm that has subsequently been applied to all other fields of industrial toxicology. Reading the papers of 100 years gives a clear picture of the evolution of clinical syndromes over the decades. The pathological picture of lead poisoning gradually became less serious and progressively changed into aspecific, subclinical manifestations. The categories of workers in which lead poisoning had a high incidence changed over the years: painters, printers and munition makers had the highest incidence in the first three decades of this century; afterwards, those engaged in lead smelting, alloy production, painters, and in the last few decades those employed in battery, ceramic and PVC production. Prevention consisted mainly of early diagnosis of lead poisoning and instruction in proper hygiene measures. Later, in 1929, insurance of occupational diseases was made compulsory in Italy, and among the

Carlo Moreschi (1876-1921): co-founder of the journal "La Medicina del Lavoro" and often forgotten pioneer of modern medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Riva, M A; Smith, D R; Cesana, G

2011-01-01

Carlo Moreschi (1876-1921) was founding co-editor of the journal "Il Lavoro" (now known as "La Medicina del Lavoro"), together with Luigi Devoto in 1901. Despite this fact, many of his pioneering contributions to 20th century scientific debate are not well known outside Italy. The aim of this paper therefore was to recall Moreschi' achievements and the groundbreaking work of this remarkable Italian physician. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on scientific papers written by Carlo Moreschi between 1901 and 1920, extending the investigation to his original manuscripts and private correspondence with family and colleagues. Careful examination of Moreschi's work reveals several studies in the field of social medicine, epidemiology of infectious diseases, general pathology and oncology. In particular, his main interest in haematology and immunology enabled Moreschi to be one of the first to understand the mechanisms of complement fixation and the formation pathways ofantiglobulin sera. In this manner, Moreschi significantly contributed to the work of Wassermann regarding the diagnosis of syphilis, as well as contributing to the discovery of the "antiglobulin test", first described by Coombs in 1945. Furthermore, Moreschi co-founded "Il Lavoro" and "Haematologica", the oldest journals in their respective fields. According to Devoto, Moreschi can be remembered as the archetype modern researcher and clinician. His role in the 20th century scientific debate and his pioneering work in the field of immunology and haematology, that are often forgotten due to his premature death, deserve to be reconsidered and re-assessed by the Italian and international scientific community.

Monitoring and assessment of thermical comfort in hygrothermically moderate offices and laboratories; Monitoraggio e valutazione del comfort termico negli ambienti di lavoro termoigrometricamente moderati

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Speranza, A. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche `Ezio Clementel`, Bologna (Italy). Dip. Ambiente

1998-12-31

This study reports the results of the micro climatic measurements carried out in some ENEA work environments. The work conditions in the surveyed areas, have been evaluated following welfare indexes or thermical comfort: PMV= Predicted Mean Vote (ISO recommendation 7730); PPD= Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (ISO recommendation 7730). [Italiano] In questo studio sono riportati i risultati delle misure microclimatiche eseguite in alcuni ambienti di lavoro dei centri ENEA di Bologna. Le condizioni di lavoro (delle zone che sono state sottoposte ad indagine) sono state valutate mediante i seguenti indici di benessere o `comfort` termico: Voto Medio Previsto (PMV= Predicted Mean Vote) - raccomandazione ISO 7730; Percentuale Prevista di Insoddisfatti (PPD= Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) - raccomandazione ISO 7730.

Monitoring and assessment of thermical comfort in hygrothermically moderate offices and laboratories; Monitoraggio e valutazione del comfort termico negli ambienti di lavoro termoigrometricamente moderati

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Speranza, A [ENEA, Centro Ricerche ` Ezio Clementel` , Bologna (Italy). Dip. Ambiente

1999-12-31

This study reports the results of the micro climatic measurements carried out in some ENEA work environments. The work conditions in the surveyed areas, have been evaluated following welfare indexes or thermical comfort: PMV= Predicted Mean Vote (ISO recommendation 7730); PPD= Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (ISO recommendation 7730). [Italiano] In questo studio sono riportati i risultati delle misure microclimatiche eseguite in alcuni ambienti di lavoro dei centri ENEA di Bologna. Le condizioni di lavoro (delle zone che sono state sottoposte ad indagine) sono state valutate mediante i seguenti indici di benessere o `comfort` termico: Voto Medio Previsto (PMV= Predicted Mean Vote) - raccomandazione ISO 7730; Percentuale Prevista di Insoddisfatti (PPD= Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) - raccomandazione ISO 7730.

Power deposition distribution in liquid lead cooled fission reactors and effects on the reactor thermal behaviour; Distribuzione di potenza nei reattori a fusione refrigerante ed effetti sul comportamento del reattore termale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cevolani, S.; Nava, E.; Burn, K.W. [ENEA, Divisione Sistemi Energetici Ecosostenibili, Centro Ricerche Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy)

2001-07-01

In the framework of an ADS study (Accelerator Driven System, a reactor cooled by a lead bismuth alloy) the distribution of the deposited energy between the fuel, coolant and structural materials was evaluated by means of Monte Carlo calculations. The energy deposition in the coolant turned out to be about four percent of the total deposited energy. In order to study this effect, further calculations were performed on water and sodium cooled reactors. Such an analysis showed, for both coolant materials, a much lower heat deposition, about one percent. Based on such results, a thermohydraulic analysis was performed in order to verify the effect of this phenomenon on the fuel assembly temperature distribution. The main effect of a significant fraction of energy deposition in the coolant is concerned with the decrease of the fuel pellet temperature. As a consequence, taking into account this effect allows to increase the possibilities of optimization at the disposal of the designer. [Italian] Nell'ambito dello studio di un ADS (Accelerator Driven System, un reattore refrigerato per mezzo di una lega di piombo-bismuto) per mezzo di calcoli Monte Carlo sono stati valutati i contributi di deposizione di potenza nei materiali fissile, strutturale e refrigerante, ottenendo che il contributo della potenza depositata nel refrigerante e' pari al quattro per cento circa del totale. Allo scopo di meglio approfondire questo effetto, sono stati effettuati ulteriori calcoli in relazione a reattori refrigeranti ad acqua e sodio; i risultati mostrano come, in questi casi, la deposizione di potenza nel refrigerante sia decisamente inferiore dell'ordine di un per cento circa. Sulla base di tali risultati, e' stata avviata un'analisi di caratterre termoidraulico avente lo scopo di verificare l'effetto di questo fenomeno sulla distribuzione di temperatura negli elementi di combustibile. L'effetto principale di una sensibile frazione di energia

L’immaginazione al lavoro. Che cosa e come conosciamo dal romanzo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gianluca Consoli

2011-12-01

Full Text Available L’articolo delinea i fondamenti di un’epistemologia del romanzo, rispondendo alle domande di base: che cosa e come possiamo conoscere attraverso il romanzo. A partire dalla definizione del romanzo come racconto di finzione, viene sviluppata  una posizione di cognitivismo radicale, per la quale il romanzo (a produce conoscenza modale; (b giustifica questa conoscenza in base al principio della verosimiglianza; (c favorisce l’apprendimento per esperienza in virtù dell’esemplificazione immaginativa. Le tesi proposte vengono corroborate in riferimento ai recenti dati sperimentali ottenuti dalle scienze cognitive, in particolare dalla psicologia cognitiva, sull’immaginazione, la finzione, la simulazione.

Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (B. N. L. Italy) financial incentives for energy conservation and environmenal protection ENERAMBIENTE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutondi, L

1989-02-01

This paper outlines the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (B.N.L., Italy) financial incentive program, ENERAMBIENTE and explains how it relates to overall E.E.C. plans (for the year 1992) promoting, in various sectors (industry, agricolture, etc.), the rational use of energy and environmental protection. The program's objectives are to ensure the prospective user's awareness of the mechanics, possibilities and limits of financial assistence plans, supply technical and organizational assistance and collaborate with local and regional government administrations, as well as public and private enterprises.

One century of studies on lead poisoning in papers published in La Medicina del Lavoro.

Science.gov (United States)

Alessio, L; Cortesi, I; Materzanini, P; Barenghi, M

2000-09-01

One century of papers published in the Italian journal of occupational medicine, La Medicina del Lavoro, shows clearly that the study of lead is an exemplary topic for occupational physicians, enabling them to observe the evolution of research in the field of occupational health. The numerous pathological features of lead poisoning, doctors' successive therapeutic responses, and their gradual development of preventive techniques, form a paradigm that has subsequently been applied to all other fields of industrial toxicology. The evolution of the study of lead poisoning during this century is a complete example in the field of occupational toxicology for medical students: it will stimulate them in applying both clinical and preventive knowledge in the field of industrial toxicology. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Production and use of {sup 18}F by TRIGA nuclear reactor: a first report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burgio, N.; Ciavola, C.; Festinesi, A.; Capannesi, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-02-01

The irradiation and radiochemical facilities at public research centre can contribute to the start up of the regional PET centre. In particular, the TRIGA reactor of Casaccia Research Centre could produce a sufficient amount of {sup 18}F to start up a PET centre and successively integrated the cyclotron production. This report establishes, in the light of the preliminary experimental works, a guideline to the reactor`s production and extraction of {sup 18}F in a convenient form for the synthesis of the most representative PET radiopharmaceutical: {sup 18}F-FDG. [Italiano] Le facilities di irraggiamento e i laboratori Radiochimici dei Centri Statali di Ricerca possono contribuire allo sviluppo di centri regionali PET (Tomografia ed Emissione Positronica). In particolare, il reattore TRIGA del Centro Ricerca Casaccia potrebbe produrre un quantitativo di {sup 18}F sufficiente alle attivita` formative propedeutiche al centro PET che, successivamente sarebbe in grado di avviare una propria produzione da ciclotrone. Questo rapporto stabilisce le linee guida sperimentali per la produzione del {sup 18}F da reattore nucleare e la sua successiva estrazione in una forma conveniente per la sintesi del piu` rappresentativo dei radiofarmaci PET: il {sup 18}F-FDG.

Solidarietà e protezione nel lavoro familiare anche dopo le recenti riforme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucia Venditti

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Riassunto – Lo studio esamina la disciplina del lavoro familiare attraverso una compiuta ricognizione delle fonti normative e delle inerenti tendenze interpretative. In particolare vengono considerati i profili dei confini dell’area identificata da tale disciplina ed i suoi riflessi in termini di definizione, anche giurisprudenziale, della prestazione lavorativa. L’indagine mostra che nel tempo le tutele si sono evolute nel senso di dare rilievo ai contenuti economici della collaborazione prestata dal familiare ed agli aspetti previdenziali.Abstract – The study deals with the regulation of “family work” by reconstructing the full array of relevant legislative sources, doctrine interpretations and jurisprudence trends. In particular, it focuses on the identification of the boundaries of the area of family work and on its consequences in terms of the definition of the relevant profile of the work relation with the family member, also considering what stated by the jurisprudence. The study shows that, overtime, applicable safeguards have evolved towards giving increasing relevance both to the economic content of the work relation and to the duly recognition of retirement insurance rights.

La mostra “Pietro Porcinai (1910-1986. Il lavoro di un paesaggista italiano nelle immagini e nei disegni dell’archivio fiesolano”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tessa Matteini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La Mostra, inaugurata all’Istituto Italiano di Cultura a Colonia il 3 marzo 20041 e riproposta, nella stessa città, nel settembre successivo alla Kölnmesse, colma una lacuna importante per la conoscenza della figura e delle opere di uno dei maggiori paesaggisti del Novecento. La vicenda umana e professionale di Pietro Porcinai viene presentata per la prima volta al di fuori dei confini nazionali, attraverso i documenti e le immagini fotografiche conservati nell’Archivio di Villa Rondinelli a Fiesole, atelier del paesaggista, laboratorio culturale e centro operativo per lo studio e la creazione di giardini e paesaggi. L’esposizione, curata da Luigi Latini2 con la collaborazione di Tessa Matteini e Marco Cei, è suddivisa in tre parti. La prima si occupa di delineare la figura di Pietro Porcinai, analizzando la sua formazione ed il contesto culturale in cui si è mosso, tra tradizione e modernità; la seconda indaga sullo sviluppo della complessa macchina professionale che gli ha consentito l’invenzione di alcuni tra i più straordinari paesaggi italiani del dopoguerra; la terza infine é dedicata allo studio di cinque progetti esemplari, diversi per ubicazione, tematiche, cronologia, disegno e materia, ma uniti dall’intima ed etica coerenza che pervade tutto il lavoro di Porcinai. 

Le tormentate vicende del lavoro pubblico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Bellavista

2013-07-01

��efficience et d’efficacité n’ ont pas besoin d’interventions normatifs, mais d’un renouvellement culturelle du secteur, qui est très loin d’être gagné. Resumen - El ensayo analiza, en clave de crítica, la evolución de la disciplina de la rela­ción individual de trabajo en las administraciones públicas, tras la llamada Reforma Brune­tta. El autor se centra, en particular, en el fracaso de la parte más significativa del d.lgs. 150/2009 - sobre la función organizativa – evidenciando los principales obstáculos a la priva­tización de las administraciones públicas planteada por el último Gobierno de centroderecha. En la parte final, se toman en consideración las modificaciones relativas al trabajo público aportadas por las maniobras financieras surgidas durante la última parte de la XVI legislatu­ra. La crisis económica y la necesidad de controlar las finanzas públicas caracterizan el con­junto de medidas sobre reorganización/reducción del personal contenidas en dichas disposi­ciones, confirmando que los objetivos de eficiencia y de eficacia de la acción administrativa necesitan, no tanto de intervenciones normativas, como de una renovación cultural del sector, que todavía está lejos de alcanzarse. Riassunto - Il saggio analizza, in chiave critica, l'evoluzione della disciplina dei rapporti alle dipendenze della p.a., dopo la cosiddetta Riforma Brunetta. L'A. si sofferma, in particola­re, sul fallimento della parte più qualificante del d.lgs. N. 150/2009 - quella sulla performance organizzativa - mettendo in evidenza i principali fattori d'ostacolo al processo di aziendalizza­zione delle pubbliche amministrazioni immaginato dall'ultimo Governo di centrodestra. Nella parte finale, vengono prese in considerazione le modifiche in tema di lavoro pubblico apporta­te dalle manovre finanziarie emanate nell'ultimo scorcio della XVI legislatura. La crisi econo­mica e la necessità di tenere in ordine i conti pubblici caratterizzano l'insieme di

Work life balance tra limiti istituzionali e pratiche innovative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanna Campanella

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Come rispondono le politiche di conciliazione cura-lavoro alle esigenze delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori di nuova generazione: sempre più precari, poveri e instabili dal punto di vista reddituale e/o professionale? Con un sostanziale immobilismo politico.  Questo è il quadro che viene fuori da una rassegna delle principali politiche sociali italiane volte a supporto della genitorialità e alla garanzia dell’occupazione femminile. Il contributo mette in luce i limiti di tali politiche e coglie gli aspetti innovativi di pratiche che si sviluppano dal basso.  Al contempo, una riflessione al margine lascia aperta una importante questione sul rapporto tra flessibilità e conciliazione, ovvero tra organizzazione del lavoro e tempi di cura per la famiglia. Nell’era della rivoluzione digitale,  individuamo forti resistenze al cambiamento, sia da parte delle istituzioni, ma anche e soprattutto dal mondo produttivo, che vanta si modelli “agili” di forme di lavoro da un punto di vista formale (vedi il lavoro agile/ smart working ma che dal punto di vista sostanziale rimane radicato a modelli di contrattazione standar che non agevola né la condizioine lavorativa da un punto di vista di tutele né la conciliaizone cura lavoro e quindi l’occupazione femminile.

Sistemi termodinamici complessi

CERN Document Server

Sycev, V V

1985-01-01

Introduzione ; equilibrio di sistemi termodinamici che compiono, oltre al lavoro di espansione, altre forme di lavoro ; sostanze magnetiche ; dielettrici ; superconduttività ; fenomeni superficiali ; fluidi in campo gravitazionale ; liquido in recipiente in stato di imponderabilità ; radiazione ; solidi elastici ; elementi galvanici.

[Employment of psychiatrically disabled people. The Lavoro LiberaMente project].

Science.gov (United States)

Ciniselli, G; Dighera, R; Quarenghi, A; Cantoni, Susanna

2009-01-01

The complexity of giving psychiatrically disabled persons access to work is well known. The percentage of persons thus defined who are on the provincial unemployment lists is constantly increasing. The 'Lavoro Liberamente" ('I work freely') project is aimed not only at enabling a number of psychiatric patients to gain access to work but to do so by experimenting with a network methodology that includes the various agencies that can contribute to a successful outcome. The project was developed in various stages--psychiatric services and company awareness campaigns and task-definition, candidate selection, skills assessment, and work placement--all aimed at finding and maintaining employment. After a thorough preparatory phase, 19 psychiatrically disabled persons were placed in 14 companies. When the apprenticeship was concluded, 13 of them were hired. Considering the short time-frame--about one year between candidates being selected and finally recruited--the ratio between the number of disabled people recruited and those placed was satisfactory. This result should be interpreted positively because, even taking into account some of the most sensitive issues that surfaced and were analysed, it shows that access of the psychiatrically disadvantaged to work is possible if all involved people work synergistically, each according to their responsibilities and knowledge, and on condition that a recognised management of each individual project exists. Within such a network synergism, it is even possible to identify some tasks that are the responsibility of the Occupational Health Physician, therefore further contributing to the overall success of placements.

Il lavoro delle donne: avanzamenti e contraddittorietà delle normative e della loro applicazione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Manna

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Il contributo propone un‟illustrazione dell‟attuale condizione delle donne nel mercato del lavoro, testimoniando la persistenza della disparità di genere in ambito lavorativo, seppur in vesti nuove da quelle che avevano alimentato il modello del glass ceiling per descrivere la diversa condizione di uomini e donne nel contesto produttivo. Ripercor-rendo le metafore utilizzate in letteratura per simboleggiare tale realtà, e i recenti contri-buti di ricerca sul tema, ci si interroga sugli aspetti di avanzamento e contraddittorietà delle recenti normative europee in tema di pari opportunità e sulle condizioni di effica-cia ed efficienza degli organismi a tutela della parità di genere. Alla luce anche dei di-versi effetti prodotti dall‟attuale condizione di crisi economica sugli uomini e sulle don-ne, si costruisce, pertanto, un modello interpretativo che evidenzia aspetti paradossali ed evidenti gap tra dimensioni normative e fattuali, sottolineando come l‟esperienza della maternità e l‟alimentarsi di nuovi stereotipi di genere connessi all‟immagine della donna lavoratrice producano un tessuto culturale ancora fortemente discriminante, in una cor-nice di labirintica precarietà lavorativa femminile.

Simplified approaches for the numerical simulation of welding processes with filler material

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carmignani, B.; Toselli, G. [ENEA, Divisione Fisica Applicata, Centro Ricerche Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy)

2001-07-01

Due to the very high computation times, required by the methodologies pointed out during the studies carried out at ENEA-Bologna concerning the numerical simulations of welds with filler material of steel pieces of high thickness (studies presented also at the 12. and 13. International ABAQUS Users' Conferences), new simplified methodologies have been proposed and applied to an experimental model of significant dimensions. (These studies are of interest in the nuclear field for the construction of the toroidal field coil case, TFCC, for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor, ITER machine). In this paper these new methodologies are presented together the obtained results, which have been compared, successfully, with the ones obtained by the use of the previous numerical methodologies considered and also with the corresponding experimental measures. These new calculation techniques are in course of application for the simulation of welds of pieces constituting a real component of ITER TF coil case. [Italian] A causa dei tempi di calcolo molto elevati richiesti dalle metodologie individuate e messe a punto durante gli studi eseguiti in ENEA-Bologna riguardanti le simulazioni numeriche di saldature, con apporto di materiale, di pezzi di acciaio di grande spessore (studi presentati anche alle precedenti Conferenze Utenti ABAQUS, 12{sup 0} e 13{sup 0} ABAQUS Users' Conferences), sono state cercate e proposte nuove metodologie semplificate, che sono state poi applicate ad un modello sperimentale di dimensioni significative. (Si ricorda che questi studi sono di interesse nel campo nucleare per la costruzione delle casse per contenere le bobine che daranno luogo al campo magnetico della macchina ITER, reattore internazione sperimentale termonucleare). Nel lavoro qui presentato sono descritte queste nuove metodologie e sono riportati i risultati ottenuti dalla loro applicazione unitamente ai confronti (abbastanza soddisfacenti) con i risultati

Psicoanalisi ed educazione: il lavoro di Vera Schmidt e di Sabina Spielrein nell’asilo sperimentale di Mosca (1921-1925

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Merete Amann Gainotti

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Negli anni 1921-1923 a Mosca, sulla scia delle profonde trasformazioni politiche e sociali innescate dalla Rivoluzione di ottobre si colloca un esperimento educativo originale, promosso da Vera Schmidt, una pedagogista formata alle idee psicoanalitiche, che si proponeva di cercare nuove vie educative per la prima infanzia sulla base delle recenti conquiste e conoscenze fornite dalla teoria psicoanalitica di S. Freud. Obiettivo di questo contributo è di fornire un breve excursus storico relativo alla diffusione della psicoanalisi in Unione sovietica e alla fondazione dell'asilo sperimentale di Mosca, di ricordare le figure delle due studiose Vera Schmidt e Sabina Spielrein che hanno animato l'iniziativa, il cui lavoro scientifico è rimasto in ombra rispetto a quello dei loro più famosi colleghi S. Freud e di C.G. Jung; infine si intende rendere conto dei principi educativi che esse cercarono di mettere in pratica nell'asilo sperimentale di Mosca.

Feasibility of Epidemiologic Research on Nonauditory Health Effects of Residential Aircraft Noise Exposure. Volume 2. Background, General Process Model and Potential Studies

Science.gov (United States)

1989-01-27

support from the China Lake Naval Air Station. As a result, the population consists largely of military personnel and dependents, as well as civilian...Possible Relations to the Work Envirotnment in Chemical Industry Workers Medicina Del Lavoro, 65: 297-305. Cesana, G. C., Ferrario, M., Curti, R., Zanettini...NE). Medicina Del Lavoro, 73: 99-109. Cesana, G. C., Ferrario, M., Curti, R., Zanettini, R., et al. (1982b). Work Stress and Urinary Catecholamines

Allegory of the East: The pact with the Devil in Tawfiq al-Hakim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberta Tanzi

2011-11-01

Full Text Available 1. Scopo L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di indagare le modalità e la fenomenologia della penetrazione di un mito profondamente occidentale — come quello di Faust — nella produzione di uno tra i più noti scrittori e drammaturghi arabi del Novecento: Tawfiq al-Hakim, concentrandosi in particolare su una sua novella del 1938, Ahd al-Shaytān (Il patto col diavolo. 2. Metodologia La novella, scelta in quanto exemplum rappresentativo di una pratica corrente nella produzione dell’autore, ovvero la rifunzionalizzazione di argomenti e personaggi mitologici di varia derivazione, viene analizzata nella prospettiva di una rivisitazione della leggenda di Faust e del suo patrimonio tematico e iconografico. La sua analisi permette di rilevare le tappe di un percorso assai interessante: quello della penetrazione e integrazione di un mito dell’Occidente moderno nella tradizione araba, considerato alla luce degli effetti che l’interazione con gli elementi tradizionali e autoctoni di quel patrimonio producono sul processo di assimilazione. 3. Risultati In quest’ottica, il corpus di Tawfiq al-Hakim appare fondante, non solo in virtù della sua familiarità con la trattazione di temi mitici provenienti anche dalla tradizione occidentale, ma per gli elementi di novità ed esclusività che da quella trattazione emergono.

Analysis of the situation of the vacuum in FTU; Analisi della situazione del vuoto di FTU (Resoconto del lavoro svolto dalla task force)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alessandrini, C.; Angelini, B.; Apicella, M.L.; Mazzitelli, G.; Pirani, S.; Zanza, V. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Energia

1999-01-01

To analyze the situation of the vacuum in the FTU tokamak, on 22/5/96 was set up a task force to identify the problem(s) and to settle the operative and cleaning procedures. The main actions of the task force were: leak tests, automatic procedure to monitor on line the state of the machine vacuum and an exhaustive analysis of the work done before. The task force reviewed the outgassing measurements of the plastic materials inserted into the machine and was decided to repeat the test on the thermocouples. The results pointed out that the thermocouples are a practically infinite reservoir of water. The outcome of the task force was a set of new procedures and recommendations during both the operation of FTU and the shutdown periods. FTU is now operating at more acceptable plasma purity. [Italiano] Il 22/5/96 fu costituita una Task Force (TF) per analizzare le cause della `non pulizia` di FTU e per identificare le nuove procedure da seguire per la pulizia della camera da vuoto. Le azioni che la TF intraprese furono: leak tests, monitoraggio continuo dello stato del vuoto e revisione critica del lavoro fatto precedentemente. Vennero poi analizzate delle misure fatte a suo tempo sui materiali presenti nella camera da vuoto di FTU e, nel caso delle termocoppie, si decise di ripetere il test. Da questa seconda prova emerse che i cilindretti di queste termocoppie sono delle riserve inesauribili di acqua che vengono alimentate da ogni riapertura della macchina. Il lavoro della TF si concluse con una serie di procedure e raccomandazioni, da seguire prima di ogni riapertura della macchina e durante le campagne sperimentali a macchina fredda; tali procedure tengono conto del fatto che negli anni e` aumentata la quantita` di materiali plastici presenti nella camera da vuoto, soprattutto nei ports. FTU sta attualmente operando in condizioni piu` accettabili di pulizia della camera.

Il lavoro penitenziario: la dimensione umana del carcere e della città che lo accoglie. L’esperienza della cooperativa sociale Rio Terà dei Pensieri/Le travail carcéral : la dimension humaine de la prison et de la ville qui l'abrite. L'expérience de la coopérative sociale Rio Terà dei Pensieri/Prison inmates work: the human dimension of the prison and the town where prison is built in. The experience of social cooperative Rio Terà dei Pensieri

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Ferrara

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il lavoro approfondisce, nella parte teorica, le tematiche relative alla pena detentiva, analizzando la tradizione sociologica sull’argomento e confrontandola con le contingenze attuali, ponendo specifica attenzione al «problema» dell’immigrazione; traccia in seguito il quadro normativo relativo al lavoro in carcere e, contestualmente, alle cooperative sociali, quale cornice entro cui presentare i dati afferenti alla parte empirica. La ricerca di approccio quantitativo ha analizzato i dati dei dipendenti della Cooperativa al fine di rilevare la porzione di posti di lavoro garantiti dalla stessa rispetto al totale dei detenuti della Regione Veneto e della città di Venezia; la ricerca di approccio qualitativo ha indagato l’impatto delle attività della Cooperativa all’interno del carcere (osservazione, trattamento, misure alternative e al suo esterno (percezione dei cittadini rispetto agli istituti penitenziari. La première partie de cet article s’attache à analyser certains aspects de la détention à travers la littérature sociologique et accordant une attention particulière aux « problèmes » d’immigration. Ensuite, l’auteur examine les lois sur l’emploi en milieu carcéral et, parallèlement, les coopératives sociales. Dans la deuxième partie, l’auteur prend en considération les données provenant d’une étude quantitative menée parmi les salariés de la coopérative Rio Terà dei Pensier dans le but d’estimer le pourcentage d’emplois assuré par cette coopérative par rapport au nombre total de détenus en Région de Vénétie et dans la ville de Venise. De plus, en ce qui concerne la partie qualitative de cette recherche, l’auteur se penche sur l’impact des activités menées par cette coopérative tant en prison (traitement et réinsertion des délinquants, mesures alternatives à la détention qu’à l’extérieur (les perceptions qui ont les citoyens de la prison. The first part of this article

Museologia e tecnologia 3D - Applicazioni sui reperti del Museo Archeologico di Aidone in mostra al The J. Paul Getty Museum ( Malibu, aprile 2012-gennaio 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Piccillo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Il progetto rigurda la scansione e la riproduzione, mediante tecnologia laser scanner 3D, di 19 reperti archeologici (datati dal IV al III secolo a.C. che, dal Museo Archeologico Regionale di Aidone (Sicilia, Italia sono stati dati in prestito, dopo il rientro della “Dea di Morgantina”, al The J.Paul Getty Museum di Malibu (California, USA, dove da aprile 2012 a gennaio 2013 si è tenuta la mostra temporanea “The Sanctuaries of Demeter andPersephoneat Morgantina”.Il caso studiato e documentato riguarda le scansioni, mediante prototipo David Lasercanner®dei suddetti reperti. Il lavoro è stato svolto al fine di documentare con la massima precisione e riprodurre  la copia virtuale fedele dei reperti dati in prestito al The J.Paul Getty Museum di Malibu, per poter verificare, al rientro degli stessi,il loro  stato dopo gli interventi di restauro eseguiti negli Stati Uniti oeventuali danneggiamenti dovuti al loro trasporto. Tali scansioni potrebbero in seguito anche essere utilizzate per aspetti volti alla promozione, alla fruizione (mostra virtualein situ o itinerante e la valorizzazione dei reperti presi in esame.  

La ricerca narrativa in psicologia: in fondamento per la formazione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santo Di Nuovo

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Proprio le metodologie qualitative di verifica del lavoro clinico, quelle narrative in particolare [...] offrono un potente strumento di mediazione tra il rigore scientifico e la possibilità di condividere principi e criteri nella comunità dei ricercatori, e l’accettazione di una complessità di approccio al lavoro clinico che solo metodologie olistiche e non riduttive possono garantire. Le scuole di formazione alla psicologia clinica possono ampiamente avvalersi di queste metodologie, con sicuro beneficio sulla qualità complessiva della formazione stessa.

Alexandre Hardy, Théâtre complet, Tome I

OpenAIRE

Pavesio, Monica

2016-01-01

Il primo volume del teatro completo di Alexandre Hardy, pubblicato nella collezione della Bibliothèque du théâtre français diretta da Charles Mazouer, presenta le edizioni critiche delle pièces contenute nel primo volume del drammaturgo, stampato per la prima volta a Parigi nel 1624. Si tratta del primo risultato di un lavoro più vasto che prevede, nei prossimi anni, la pubblicazione dell’intero corpus delle opere teatrali del grande drammaturgo del primo Seicento, grazie al lavoro di un’équi...

Giulio Angioni's Assandira: The Art of Writing in Between the Furrows

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlo Maxia

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Il lavoro di Giulio Angioni si è mosso costantemente tra antropologia e letteratura. I due campi permettono di cogliere livelli elevati di complessità e di profondità su tematiche talvolta comuni. È il caso di Assandira e dei testi scientifici dedicati al lavoro agropastorale. Nel romanzo l’antropologo mette in scena aspetti particolari della cultura, con una forte presenza delle emozioni, evanescenti e contradditorie. L’ammirevole risultato è debitore dell’impegno che l’antropologo-nativo ha dedicato all’etnografia ma anche alla riflessività rispetto alla propria origine culturale.

A representation of Power between cinema and theatre: Elio De Capitani’s Berlusconi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Mariani

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Che fine ha fatto un’incarnazione grandiosa del potere come Riccardo III di Shakespeare, dopo essere passato per Ubu re di Jarry e Artuto Ui di Brecht? Nella nostra epoca postideologica il pubblico chiede storie e non La Storia; personaggi in cui bene e male, forza e debolezza si mostrano nella quotidianità mescolando pubblico e privato. Il saggio analizza le rappresentazioni del potere offerte da Elio De Capitani, attore regista teatrale legato alla tradizione recitativa italiana, sensibile alla tradizione anglosassone e ai linguaggi della contemporaneità; e sceglie l’interpretazione di Berlusconi nel Caimano di Moretti per la sua popolarità e per le sue implicazioni nel contesto italiano. La metodologia si basa sulla distinzione fra Academic history e Stage history. In un teatro che lega la sperimentazione al testo e al personaggio, in un cinema che continua ad avvalersi dei saperi teatrali, il lavoro dell’attore va messo al centro e va studiato nella sua concretezza e singolarità: processo, esiti artistici, rapporto con la società dello spettacolo. Il saggio mostra come gli attori siano dentro il presente perché restituiscono non idee astratte ma esseri più veri del vero. E rende giustizia all’interpretazione di De Capitani: al lavoro esteriore e interiore che ne è la base, alla sua visione da ‘comédien’, senza giudizio. Un lavoro capace di far sentire nel Berlusconi trionfante del 2006, in sintonia con parte del paese, il Berlusconi vecchio di oggi.

Tra utopia e rivoluzione: le visioni di Diego Rivera al Rockefeller Center di New York

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amalda Cuka

2016-11-01

Full Text Available I murales eseguiti da Diego Rivera (1886–1957 al Rockefeller Center di New York nel 1933 sono fra le più note opere d’arte scomparse. Ad aver reso celebre il dipinto non è stato il successo di pubblico, data la rimozione del lavoro ancora in corso d’opera, ma il ricchissimo dibattito alimentato dalla stampa intorno alla concezione dell’immagine, considerata negli Stati Uniti totalmente rivoluzionaria per la particolare tecnica dell’affresco utilizzata da Rivera, per i riferimenti all’arte precolombiana e per le idee politiche esposte. Un’occasione di riflessione è offerta in questa sede dall’attenzione che uno dei principali organi di stampa americani, il New York Times, ha dedicato all’argomento: dalla lettura dei numerosi interventi emerge, da una parte, la capacità di Rivera di entrare in comunicazione con un vasto pubblico, e dall’altra il ruolo avuto dalla stampa nella diffusione - quasi involontaria - del suo messaggio. Rivera è riuscito a raggiungere in tal modo, almeno parzialmente, il suo scopo: l’opera non è stata accessibile al grande pubblico, ma la conoscenza dei principi che voleva celebrare si è diffusa in maniera ancor più capillare.

[Mobbing and its effects on health. the experience of the "Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto" in Milan].

Science.gov (United States)

Punzi, Silvia; Cassitto, Maria Grazia; Castellini, Giovanna; Costa, G; Gilioli, R

2007-01-01

There is increasing interest in research, prevention and management of mobbing in the field of occupational psychosocial risks. To describe mobbing and its health effects by analysis of the cases examined from 1997 to 2003 at the Department of Occupational Health "Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto" in Milan. A total of 226 clinical records of patients who reported a mobbing situation when undergoing medical examination were selected out of 2455 patients examined for stress-related disorders. The percentage of women was higher (53.1%) than in men (46.9%) with a prevalent age range of 35-54 years. There was a great variety of jobs, especially white-collars and workers in large service companies. In one third of the cases, mobbing occurred within 4 years from beginning of employment and mostly after company reorganization and management changes. The most frequent negative acts included social isolation and demotion. The most frequent symptoms were exhaustion, sleep, mood and sexual disorders. The number of symptoms was not related to the duration of mobbing but to the number and frequency of negative actions. 61.1% of the subjects took psychotropic drugs. Occupational health physicians play an essential role in primary prevention (information on occupational risks) and in early diagnosis and rehabilitation and could act as mediators between workers and enterprises.

CONTRIBUTO AL DIBATTITO SUL PRINCIPIO DI EGUAGLIANZA DEI MEZZI PROCESSUALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dejan Bodul

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Il principio di eguaglianza dei mezzi processuali presuppone l’esistenza di una ragionevole possibilità in capo ad entrambe le parti di esporre e comprovare i fatti, in un modo che non metta alcuna delle parti in posizione sfavorevole rispetto alla controparte (caso LB INTERFINANZ A.G. v. Croazia, sentenza del 27.03.2008, riscorso n. 29549/04.. Un tanto rappresenta, nella sua espressione di equilibrio tra le parti processuali, uno degli elementi costitutivi del diritto ad un giusto processo. Tuttavia, con l’entrata in vigore della (nuova legge fallimentare (GU, n. 71/15. in avanti LF la questione dell’eguaglianza sul piano processuale diviene nuovamente di attualità. Precisamene, la LF ha mantenuto una soluzione in base alla quale il creditore ha la possibilità di instaurare il procedimento fallimentare qualora renda probabile l’esistenza del proprio credito e la sussistenza del fondamento fallimentare così che è trattenuto ed eccepito il provvedimento in base al quale la probabilità della sussistenza del credito non può venire dimostrata dal creditore sulla base di una decisione dell’autorità giudiziale o amministrativa che non sia passata in giudicato. Posto che esistono diverse soluzioni con riguardo alle questioni illustrate, gli autori si limiteranno a delle constatazioni di carattere generale sulla base di esperienze comparate, senza una dettagliata disamina delle variegate e peculiari soluzioni giuridiche straniere. Nel lavoro si disaminano sia le implicazioni pratiche che quelle teoriche della soluzione giuridica di diritto positivo, analizzando la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo nei procedimenti in base all’art. 6 (diritto ad un giusto processo della Convenzione europea per la salvaguardia dei diritti dell’uomo e delle libertà fondamentali, poiché partiamo dal presupposto che le conoscenze sul punto possono essere fondamentali per la comprensione dell’oggetto dell’indagine condotta

Altri collegamenti a lavori del gruppo di DV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doctor Virtualis Redazione

2008-08-01

Full Text Available • Giovanni di Mirecourt, Commento alle Sentenze, libro I Attualmente non raggiungibile perché il server del Dipartimento di filosofia è stato oggetto di un attacco da parte di un hacker Edizione provvisoria on-line Il lavoro nasce dalla collaborazione tra Eugenio Randi e Massimo Parodi, e giunge alla pubblicazione on-line (provvisoria grazie all'intervento di Lucia Caccia Dominioni, che ha ordinato e ripulito il materiale a disposizione. • Seminario su Tommaso De ente et essentia - 1995/96 Il materiale prodotto dagli studenti che hanno partecipato al lavoro di discussione seminariale del De ente et essentia di Tommaso d'Aquino.

Momenti nella vita di uno scienziato

CERN Document Server

Rossi, Bruno

1987-01-01

Nel giro di pochi decenni, la nostra visione del mondo fisico, dal mond subatomico al mondo del cosmo, ha subito una profonda evoluzione. In questo libro, uno degli scienziati che hanno contribuito a tale sviluppo narra la storia della sua vita e del suo lavoro.

Alcuni possibili scenari per l'economia italiana nella seconda metà degli anni ottanta. (Some possible scenarios for the Italian economy in the second half of the 1980s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. FAUSTINI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Negli ultimi anni, l'offerta di lavoro in Italia , come in altri paesi europei , non ha prodotto una espansione di opportunità di lavoro . Questo nonostante il fatto che durante l'ultima recessione l'Italia ha visto una minore riduzione dei livelli di attività rispetto alla media dell'Unione europea , ed era quindi in grado di limitare , più che altrove , l'impatto negativo sul mercato del lavoro . Il presente lavoro presenta scenari di sviluppo per l'economia italiana fino al 1990 , senza prevedere che cosa accadrà nei prossimi anni. Piuttosto , si intende semplicemente sottolineare la necessità di affrontare il problema della crescita interna , in presenza di un probabile modesta espansione dell'economia mondiale , individuando le difficoltà dei problemi che in politica economica si incontrano al fine di favorire una ripresa stabile e un progressivo aumento del tasso di occupazione .In recent years the supply of labor in Italy, as in other European countries, has not produced an expansion of employment opportunities. This despite the fact that during the last recession Italy saw a smaller reduction in the levels of activity compared to the average of the EU, and was thus able to limit, more than elsewhere, the negative impact on the labor market. The present work presents scenarios of development for the Italian economy through 1990, without forecasting what will happen in the next few years. Rather, it is intended to simply to emphasise the need to address the problem of internal growth, in the presence of a probable modest expansion of the world economy, identifying the difficulties and problems that economic policy will encounter in order to foster a stable recovery and a gradual increase in the employment rate.JEL: J21, E24, O21

Immigrazione al femminile: modelli femminili , valori, identità.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlotta Malfone

2006-01-01

Full Text Available In questo articolo possiamo distinguere varie tipologie di donne immigrate che riflettono come la popolazione femminile straniera sia diversificata, tanto nella composizione, quanto nelle modalità di adattamento e di inserimento in Italia. Il fenomeno migratorio sta assumendo, negli ultimi anni, connotati diversi: se, da una parte, si va facendo più considerevole dal punto di vista quantitativo, dall'altra rivela nuove dinamiche e nuove tipologie. Infatti, le immigrate sembrano assumere nuove posizioni rispetto ai percorsi migratori, alle scelte di espatrio, alle modalità di inserimento nella società di arrivo anche e, soprattutto, rispetto alla collocazione tra la propria cultura e quella in trasformazione nei paesi ospiti. Addirittura, in alcuni casi, la donna costituisce l'anello primario della catena migratoria o, comunque, è parte attiva nel mercato del lavoro e nel processo decisionale del progetto stesso. Questo nuovo scenario dell'immigrazione femminile vede protagoniste non solo donne che seguono il marito e che sono alla ricerca di lavori domestici, ma anche donne portatrici di un progetto migratorio autonomo, spinte dalla possibilità di affermarsi e fare carriera. In questo senso le testimonianze e i racconti delle straniere pongono, chiaramente, il problema delle differenze esistenti all'interno del gruppo donne immigrate, in cui possiamo individuare alcuni percorsi caratteristici dell'esodo "al femminile" e ritrovare tipologie e modelli familiari differenti, per modalità costitutive e composizione del nucleo.

Patologie sociali, resistenze e difese degli insegnanti nell’istituzione scolastica: Considerazioni cliniche e pedagogiche

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tommaso Fratini

2014-12-01

Full Text Available L’articolo prende in esame il tema di alcune resistenze e difese degli insegnanti all’interno dell’istituzione scolastica. Partendo dall’attuale condizione di emergenza della scuola italiana e rifacendosi al concetto di patologia sociale di Giuseppe Di Chiara, viene argomentato come tali resistenze coprano le angosce persecutorie degli insegnanti nel loro lavoro scolastico quotidiano nel rapporto con gli allievi. L’articolo, tra le varie forme di patologia istituzionale, affronta principalmente il tema di quelle che presiedono alle resistenze degli insegnanti al lavoro introspettivo con il proprio mondo interno, conseguenza e ulteriore cagione di sensi di colpa nel rapporto con gli allievi e di fenomeni di burnout lavorativo degli stessi insegnanti. Tali fenomeni vanno nella direzione del rinforzo sia di un atteggiamento di chiusura verso la collaborazione con professionisti esterni all’istituzione scolastica, sia di un atteggiamento di minore empatia e vicinanza emotiva con la realtà interna degli allievi.

A means of reviewing the customer-bank relationship

OpenAIRE

A. Omarini

2009-01-01

Il lavoro intende presentare una nuova tendenza nel marketing bancario rappresenta dal concetto di customer experience applicato al mercato finanziario, con particolare riferimento allo sviluppo della multicanalità. Sono inoltre presentati alcuni dati di una ricerca telefonica realizzata nei confronti di un campione di 1000 cliente retail italiani.

Breve Manuale di Geografia Umana

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Minca, C.; Colombino, A.

2012-01-01

Il percorso per andare al lavoro, la scelta sul dove trascorrere le prossime vacanze, le nostre opinioni sulla politica estera, le nostre preoccupazioni per la crisi economica, le nostre affermazioni di identità, il nostro desiderio di fuga dal quotidiano, perfino la scelta di acquistare una casa in

La crisi energetica nel mondo e in Italia da Enrico Fermi ed Edoardo Amaldi a oggi

CERN Document Server

Salvini, Giorgio

2007-01-01

Enrico Fermi e il suo allievo Edoardo Amaldi, grandi padri della Scuola di fisica nucleare italiana, hanno promosso l'impiego pacifico dell'energia nucleare: Fermi con il primo reattore a Chicago nel 1942, Arnaldi con i suoi contributi a tutti gli usi pacifici, dalla medicina alla produzione di energia. L'Italia, però, ha fatto eccessivo ricorso al petrolio, di cui non è produttrice. La ricerca è rimasta molto indietro rispetto a quella degli altri paesi e la politica sta dedicando pochissimi sforzi a questa gravissima situazione. Ragioni economiche, nonché ambientali, esigono ora una revisione e una ricontestualizzazione del problema. Durante un importante Convegno, tenutosi a Roma il 15 e 16 maggio 2007, alcuni tra i più noti ed esperti fisici italiani e stranieri hanno discusso proprio di questo problema. L'intento del volume, che raccoglie gli interventi del Convegno romano, è quello di fornire dati e informazioni che mettano il lettore in condizione di farsi un'idea propria, libera da pregiudizi, s...

Il ruolo svolto dall’attività lavorativa sull’ipertensione arteriosa

Science.gov (United States)

Barbini, N.; Gorini, G.; Ferrucci, L.; Biggeri, A.

2009-01-01

RIASSUNTO Introduzione I parametri di pressione arteriosa, sistolica (PAS) o diastolica (PAD) hanno costituito I’oggetto di numerosi studi, alcuni dei quali stabiliscono un’associazione tra I’aumnto di tali parametri e la mortalità, in particolare alle età medie. I fattori di rischio di ipertensione più frequentemente studiati sono il consumo di alcol, il fumo e I’origine etnica in riferimento sia alle differenze genetiche che nella condotta alimentare, mentre i fattori di origine professionale sono stati presi in considerazione più raramente e in maniera poco approfondita, inoltre sono state riferite notevoli differenze nelle pressioni arteriose medie di individui che svolgono professioni diverse. Sembra infatti che i “colletti blu” siano più a rischio dei “colletti bianchi”. Obiettivi Il nostro scopo è valutare se determinati rischi o vincoli connessi con l’attività professionale o determinati stili di vita rappresentano un fattore di rischio per l’ipertensione arteriosa in considerazioni dell’aumentare dell’età. Elementi specifici che rendano conto di questa relazione non sono stati ancora completamente chiariti e soprattutto i dati sulla popolazione italiana sono molto limitati. Metodi La metodologia di ricerca utilizzata è stata quella dell’indagine francese ESTEV (Derriennic, Touranchet, Volkoff) - VISAT (Marquie, Janson), studio epidemiologico longitudinale su oltre 23000 lavoratori attivata in Francia nel 1990 al fine di indagare gli effetti a lungo termine delle condizioni di lavoro, riferite all’intera vita professionale, sia sull’invecchiamento sia sulla salute dei lavoratori. Analoga indagine è stata avviata in Italia, nel 2000, in 6 Regioni, prendendo in esame i lavoratori dipendenti di diversi settori produttivi appartenenti a 5 coorti di età: da 32 a 52 anni con intervallo di 5 anni. Le rilevazioni sono state effettuate dai medici del lavoro di azienda attraverso 3 questionari: 1. sulle condizioni

Le Culture preistoriche

OpenAIRE

Tanda, Giuseppa

1987-01-01

Le più antiche manifestazioni della presenza dell'uomo, nella provincia di Sassari (e in Sardegna), risalgono al Quaternario: sono state osservate nel 1979, nel bacino del rio Altana-Anzos, situato nel territorio dei comuni di Laerru e Perfugas. Il presente lavoro propone un excursus dal Paleolitico al Neolitico (antico, medio e recente) fino all'Età del Rame e all'Età del Bronzo (II metà del III millennio-1600 a.C.).

Il rifornimento della rete commerciale al dettaglio della Provincia di Napoli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marino de Luca

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Nella nota vengono sintetizzate le principali conclusioni cui è pervenuta una ricerca finanziata dalla Camera di Commercio di Napoli e realizzata da Uniontrasporti e dal dipartimento di Ingegneria dei trasporti della Federico II. Il lavoro ha riguardato il settore prevalente della city logistics e cioè il rifornimento di quegli esercizi della rete commerciale al dettaglio che non dispongono di organizzazioni autonome già oggi sotto controllo come, ad esempio, hanno la Grande distribuzione, il trasporto dei giornali, dei prodotti farmaceutici, degli ortofrutticoli ecc. Il lavoro è stato caratterizzato da alcune specificità: • è basato su una conoscenza quantitativa diretta della domanda di rifornimento merci nell’area metropolitana di Napoli ottenuta da una rilevazione campionaria sul campo (2000 interviste • si riferisce ad un’area metropolitana e non ad una singola città, prevedendo che una diversa organizzazione del rifornimento deve riguardare tutti gli esercizi del territorio sul quale operano le aziende del settore, territorio che, per le grandi città, coincide con l’area metropolitana • prevede la realizzazione di due tipologie di “nodi” nei quali effettuare manipolazione delle merci: centri merci inseriti negli interporti dell’area per i flussi provenienti o destinati in zone molto distanti (Italia del centro, del nord e del sud e transit point “di quartiere” dai quali partire per raggiungere il destinatario finale con mezzi a mano o ad emissione zero o anche con ritiro a cura del destinatario stesso. Le principali dimensioni della domanda desunte dall’indagine eseguita possono essere sintetizzate nelle seguenti cifre: 27.000 consegne/giorno-medio (0,87 per esercizio per 260.000 colli (9,72 a consegna su tutto il territorio della provincia; il 44% destinate alla città di Napoli, il 45% destinato al resto dell’area metropolitana di Napoli e l’11% al resto della provincia; il 34% proviene invece da

Il mito della precarietà: quando la precarietà è un valore che decostruisce l’immaginario della precarietà

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Casillo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Oggi la ricerca del posto “fisso” sembra essere il sogno irraggiungibile di molti giovani precari e la “flessibilità”, una parola d’ordine con cui si aspirava a riformare il mondo del lavoro e che tanto in voga sembrava essere negli anni ’90, è diventata sinonimo di incertezza, precarietà, se non addirittura sfruttamento. Ma c’era chi proprio nel lavoro che oggi definiremo precario, vedeva l’unica possibilità per restare libero dalle leggi di mercato e dai potenti poteri editoriali Newyorkesi. In questo articolo proviamo a gettare uno sguardo al mito letterario con cui, il rifiutare un posto fisso, significava rivendicare la propria libertà, un mito romantico certo, e sicuramente distante dalla realtà, ma che ha affascinato un’intera generazione di scrittori, poeti, musicisti. Da Jack London, passando attraverso la San Francisco Renaissance e la Beat Generation, fino ad arrivare al fenomeno della così detta generazione Hippy, il sogno americano sembrava essere quello di una frontiera mobile in cui, la strada, sembrava non avere mai fine.

L’indisponibilità del diritto all’integrità fisica della persona umana in ambito sportivo e i limiti al rischio consentito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cimmino

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Lo sport, espressione di valori come la lealtà e la correttezza, il rispetto delle regole, l’integrazione, la democrazia, è una forma di manifestazione della personalità umana, finalizzata, anche attraverso il tempo libero, al miglioramento del benessere psicofisico del singolo e della collettività. Tuttavia e paradossalmente talvolta esso può risolversi nell’uso della violenza e/o in un contrasto fisico tra gli atleti, contemplato in alcuni casi dai regolamenti sportivi. Come si giunge a valutare meritevoli le attività sportive nel quadro dei diritti fondamentali della persona costituzionalmente garantiti? Il lavoro si propone di analizzare i rapporti tra diritto allo sport e diritto all’integrità fisica attraverso una rilettura della teoria giurisprudenziale del rischio consentito, giungendo alla conclusione che nel bilanciamento di interessi di pari rango costituzionale, l’organizzatore di competizioni sportive rivesta una fondamentale posizione di garanzia e che occorre modulare l’applicazione della clausola del rischio consentito in ragione delle circostanze del caso concreto e della qualità del soggetto e del carattere amatoriale od agonistico dell’attività.

Photojournalism in Theaters of War. Interview to Pier Paolo Cito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanna Morittu

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In questa intervista Pier Paolo Cito racconta la sua passione per la fotografia e le sue esperienze sul campo, in particolare quella vissuta in Afghanistan. Fa un’analisi tecnica del suo lavoro spiegando le motivazioni della scelta degli istanti da immortalare e le sue preferenze relative ai generi fotografici. Si sofferma, inoltre, su considerazioni personali relative al bianco e nero.

Study of the effects of {gamma}-radiation followed by chlorination with hypochlorite on coliforms in sterile buffered samples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tata, A.; Festinesi, A.; Rosa, R.; Adamo, A.; Rossi, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1998-04-01

Radiation and chlorination combined treatment of water samples is investigated in order to evaluate the disinfecting efficacy, observing the growth of reference organisms. [Italiano] Nel presente lavoro sono illustrati i risultati delle analisi condotte su campioni di acqua sottoposti a trattamento combinato con radiazioni e clorazione, al fine di valutare l`efficacia mediante l`osservazione della crescita di organismi di riferimento.

Deborah Cadbury, Princes at War: The British Royal Family’s Private Battle in the Second World War

OpenAIRE

Baldoli, Claudia; Petrella, Luigi

2017-01-01

Le vicende della famiglia reale inglese durante la Seconda guerra mondiale sono al centro del libro di Deborah Cadbury, scrittrice di storia pluripremiata e per trent’anni producer della BBC. Il suo lavoro parte dalla crisi che condusse nel 1936 all’abdicazione di Edoardo VIII, che rinunciò al trono per sposare Wallis Simpson, e si snoda negli anni della crescente minaccia nazista in Europa. Il fratello minore Albert, che divenne re con il nome di Giorgio VI, pur afflitto dalla balbuzie e da ...

Dati aperti della pubblica amministrazione. Appunti per uno stato dell’arte nel 2016 e focus sui dati relativi al patrimonio immobiliare delle PA italiane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Morando

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Le Pubbliche Amministrazioni (PA accumulano dati. Lo fanno per poter funzionare e per dimostrare di aver ben funzionato. La rivoluzione digitale rende trascurabile il costo di mettere a disposizione tali dati per il riutilizzo ed aumenta il costo opportunità di limitarne l'uso alla finalità per cui sono stati raccolti. La normativa incentiva tale riutilizzo, ed esistono numerosi standard tecnici e buone pratiche utili a renderlo anche praticamente fattibile e sostenibile. In sintesi, la pubblicazione di dati aperti è oggi una buona pratica, ma anche un dovere per le PA. Il presente articolo amplia ed organizza i concetti di cui sopra, nell'ottica di fornire gli elementi per comprendere lo stato dell'arte dei dati aperti (intesi come approccio all'amministrazione pubblica, campo di ricerca e movimento. Dal punto di vista normativo, ci si sofferma sul contesto europeo ed italiano. Dal punto di vista tecnico, si offrono alcuni approfondimenti relativi al formalismo “linked data”. Il lavoro prosegue esemplificando più in dettaglio il caso dei dati pubblici relativi al patrimonio immobiliare delle PA italiane. Tale esempio è significativo in quanto al confine tra il mondo dei dati aperti per il riutilizzo tradizionalmente intesi e quello della trasparenza amministrativa; inoltre, la presenza di riferimenti territoriali nei dati (come minimo, il numero civico fornisce una chiave per l'incrocio con altri dataset. Un’analisi delle pratiche di apertura di tali dati offre anche ottimi spunti per illustrare i limiti di una pubblicazione priva del necessario coordinamento e delle indispensabili linee guida tecniche.

All’origine dei differenziali salariali di genere nel settore non profit. il caso delle cooperative sociali italiane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federica D’Isanto

2013-01-01

Full Text Available L’elevata quota di lavoratrici nelle organizzazioni non profit potrebbe indurre a rite-nere le cooperative sociali un luogo ideale per la manodopera femminile, proprio perché in questo tipo di istituzioni le donne avrebbero maggiori possibilità di impiego e mag-giori opportunità di accedere a posizioni di potere organizzativo (data la peculiare natu-ra democratica che caratterizzerebbe tali istituzioni. Sebbene l’aumento della parteci-pazione femminile nel mercato del lavoro sociale abbia un impatto positivo sul tasso di crescita dell’economia, è stato dimostrato che la predominanza delle donne nel settore nonprofit non solo non riesce sempre a tradursi in un’attenuazione delle discriminazioni di genere in termini di carriera, retribuzione e accesso a ruoli di comando, ma rischia anche di implicare, tramite la mancata valorizzazione del loro apporto, la svalutazione economica dell’intero settore. I dati, infatti, confermano la presenza di potenti meccani-smi discriminatori rispetto al genere, tanto più sorprendenti quanto più si consideri l’elevata presenza di donne tra i lavoratori di queste organizzazioni.In Italia nel 2007 è emerso che il 74% della forza lavoro nel settore nonprofit era co-stituito da donne.Questo lavoro ha due obiettivi. In primo luogo (e per la prima volta nel contesto ita-liano, si propone di studiare le caratteristiche di questa composizione femminile della forza lavoro, utilizzando la banca dati ICSI 2007 (Indagine Cooperative Sociali Italia-ne; in secondo luogo, di analizzare il rapporto esistente tra differenziali salariale di ge-nere e segregazione.I principali risultati sono che anche nel settore non profit esiste un differenziale sala-riale di genere di circa il 16% in favore degli uomini (dato conforme alla media degli altri paesi europei; che esiste la segregazione femminile (orizzontale e verticale e che questa spiega quasi interamente l’esistenza di questo differenziale salariale.

I mutamenti tecnologici nelle condizioni odierne: riflessioni di un economista. (Technological changes in present-day conditions: reflections of an economist

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. SYLOS LABINI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Tutti gli economisti concordano sul fatto che i cambiamenti tecnologici costituiscono la principale fonte di sviluppo economico . Tuttavia , molti economisti sono convinti che tali cambiamenti sono importanti solo per spinegre verso l'alto il tasso di sviluppo economico, che a lungo andare sarebbe altrimenti più basso e costante , con l'accumulazione di capitale e forza lavoro di crescita in atto gradualmente . Al contrario , il presente lavoro sostiene che nel lungo periodo , il progresso tecnico non è il fattore principale dello sviluppo economico , ma piuttosto una condizione necessaria . L'autore esamina l'evoluzione tecnologica nella teoria economica e la storia dello sviluppo economico . La disoccupazione tecnologica e la disoccupazione keynesiana sono quindi analizzate , così come la riduzione dell'orario di lavoro . Infine , l'autore considera più recenti sviluppi tecnologici ed economici e la loro relazione con il lavoro manuale e intellettuale .All economists agree that technological changes constitute the main source of economic development. Nonetheless, many economists are convinced that such changes are important only in pushing up the rate of economic development, which in the long run would otherwise be lower and constant, with capital accumulation and labor force growth taking place gradually. To the contrary, the present work argues that in the long run, technical progress is not the main factor of economic development, but rather a necessary condition. The author examines technological change in economic theory and the history of economic development. Technological unemployment and Keynesian unemployment are then considered as well as the reduction of working hours. Finally, the author considers more recent technological and economic developments and their relation to manual and intellectual labour.JEL: O33, E24

Smart movie tourism: la nuova frontiera del cineturismo / Smart movie tourism: the new frontier of cine-tourism

OpenAIRE

Teresa Graziano

2016-01-01

Inserito nel quadro teorico della letteratura sulla Smart City, il presente lavoro mira ad analizzare le implicazioni derivanti dall’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie intelligenti per la valorizzazione turistica delle location cinematografiche. Dal punto di vista metodologico, l’articolo si fonda su un’analisi quali-quantitativa di alcuni casi di smart movie tourism, al fine di indagare le caratteristiche delle applicazioni per smartphone e tablet (apps) che consentono la riproduzione virtuale ...

Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change.

OpenAIRE

Schiavon, Stefano; Zecchin, Roberto

2007-01-01

Politiche, misure e strumenti per contenere le emissioni di CO2 Illustriamo l’ultimo contributo al quarto Rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici votato a maggio 2007 dal terzo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato intergovernativo “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”. Il Rapporto affronta la problematica delle tendenze delle emissioni dei gas serra e il tema della mitigazione a breve e lungo termine. Presentiamo un’analisi critica delle proposte del documento.

Regolazione della biosintesi delle fenazine in una pseudomonadi fluorescente, Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84

OpenAIRE

Puopolo, Gerardo

2006-01-01

Gli pseudomonadi fluorescenti, che colonizzano la rizosfera di molte piante coltivate, sono dei potenziali farmaci biologici in quanto capaci di proteggere le colture dall’attacco di microrganismi patogeni e quindi di aumentarne le loro rese produttive. Nel corso del lavoro, diiversi ceppi batterici afferenti al genere Pseudomonass sono stati oggetti ad analisi incentrate alla potenziale applicazione di tali microrganismi nel controllo biologico di fitopatie fungine. Gli isolati batterici so...

Calculation of Co2 emissions from the italian energy system; Calcolo delle emissioni di CO2 dal settore energetico italiano. 1990-2000. Metodo di riferimento IPCC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Contaldi, M. [Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente, Rome (Italy); La Motta, S. [ENEA, Funzione Centrale Studi, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy)

2001-07-01

The calculation of Co2 emissions from the Italian energy system is the object of this work. The inventory method used is the Reference Approach from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC, 1996 revised Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) and the energy consumption data are taken from the Italian Energy Balance edited by the Ministry of Industry. The years analysed are those from 1990 to 2000. [Italian] Lo scopo di questo lavoro e' quello di contabilizzare le emissioni di CO2 provenienti dal settore energetico per fonte di utilizzo dell'energia, a partire direttamente dal Bilancio Energetico Nazionale (Bilancio Energetico Nazionale, BEN, a cura del Ministero Industria, Commercio ed Artigianato) ed applicando all'Italia la metodologia di riferimento per il calcolo delle emissioni della CO2 elaborata dall'Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC, 1996 revised Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories). Gli anni presi in considerazione in queto lavoro sono quelli dal 1990 al 2000.

Cinema ed enogastronomia nel portale turistico della Regione Toscana

OpenAIRE

Corinto, Gian Luigi

2016-01-01

Il presente lavoro tratta il caso della Regione Toscana che dal 2005 ha affidato alla Fondazione Sistema Toscana la missione di coordinare strategicamente le attività di promozione territoriale, tra cui le attività della film commission e del portale web dedicato al turismo. Lo scopo è quello di analizzare il modello di promozione degli itinerari enogastronomici e cinematografici come presentato dal portale turistico toscano. L'analisi dimostra che la scoperta dell'enogastronomia regionale è ...

Customer response to media in marketing promotion: print versus online

OpenAIRE

Ieva, Marco

2016-01-01

Il lavoro di tesi, che si compone di tre articoli di ricerca, analizza, nel contesto della marketing promotion, la risposta del consumatore ai media in termini di ricordo, intenzione di acquisto, comportamento di acquisto e preferenza per il medium. Il lavoro, in particolare, mette a confronto due tipologie di media, carta e online, nell’ambito della price e loyalty promotion, utilizzando due disegni di ricerca sperimentali ed uno correlazionale. I risultati del lavoro mostrano che la rispost...

La biblioteconomia giuridica in Italia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonella De Robbio

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Presenta una panoramica delle biblioteche e il lavoro dei bibliotecari in Italia. Dopo spiega la situazione delle biblioteche giuridiche e la formazione e il lavoro dei bibliotecari giuridiche italiani.

La Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilità nell’area Balcanica

OpenAIRE

Massari, Saverio Francesco

2012-01-01

Il lavoro cerca di valutare il possibile ruolo della Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilita’ nell’area Balcanica. Il Trattato fondativo della Comunita’ assegna a questa l’obiettivo di condurre una cooperazione in campo energetico al fine diffondere istituzioni e normative condivise, quali elementi di superamento del conflitto: tuttavia, sono molti gli ostacoli posti su questo cammino sia di natura interna alla regione che esterna, per l’influenza di fattori e poter...

Waste water reuse as an alternative to the traditional water resources

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Di Pinto, A.P.; Ramadori, R.; Santilli, N. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome (Italy). Ist. di Ricerca sulle Acque; Lopez, A. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari (Italy). Ist. di Ricerca sulle Acque

1999-10-01

After e brief presentation of the most significant international projects carried out in order to quantify the risk of infection in waste water reuse for irrigation, this paper examines, in a critical way, the disinfection technologies which are available today. [Italian] Il presente lavoro, dopo una breve rassegna sulle piu' significative esperienze internazionali condotte al fine di stabilire i rischi ambientali del riutilizzo delle acque in agricoltura, esamina in modo critico le principali tecniche di disinfestazione oggi disponibili.

Victims of Occupational Injuries: A Comparison between Migrants and Italians. Results of a survey conducted in Trentino in 2009 / Vittime di infortunio sul lavoro : una comparazione tra italiani e stranieri. Risultati di una ricerca condotta in Trentino nel 2009 / Victimes d’accidents du travail: une comparaison entre travailleurs immigrés et italiens. Résultats d’une enquête conduite en 2009 en Trentin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martinello Daniela

2011-07-01

Full Text Available This essay deals with victims of occupational injuries and delves deeper into the differences between Italians and migrants. The study is based on the carrying out of a survey in Trentino: a questionnaire has been administered to two samples, one of Italian victims (300 respondents and one of immigrant victims (200 respondents of work injuries. The work on the field has allowed, then, to gain the following objectives: verifying whether migrants are more vulnerable to occupational injuries than Italians; depicting a profile of the injured migrant and of the injured Italian and finding out, though statistical analysis, the factors that help to explain migrants’ over-representation in the phenomenon. This essay gives the following answers: Who is the victim? How often is he/she victimized? What about the inclination not to report injuries? What are the personal characteristics (age, gender, etc. of the victim and his/her occupational history? What are the characteristics of companies where he/she works? What is the level of compliance with Health and Safety rules in these companies? How often has he/she been victimized? Then, some factors that may help to explain the higher victimization of migrants in the phenomenon are presented and some suggestions about possible actions to pursue are indicated.Questo saggio pone l’attenzione sulle vittime di infortunio sul lavoro e approfondisce le differenze tra italiani e stranieri. Lo studio è stato condotto tramite la realizzazione di una survey in Trentino: un questionario è stato somministrato a due campioni, uno di vittime italiane di infortuni sul lavoro (300 rispondenti e uno di vittime straniere (200 rispondenti. Il lavoro sul campo ha permesso di raggiungere i seguenti obiettivi: verificare se gli stranieri siano meno o più vulnerabili degli Italiani rispetto agli infortuni sul lavoro; stilare un profilo dell’infortunato straniero e di quello italiano e individuare, attraverso l�

Dalila e la sua voglia di godersi l’intervallo: vita e pensieri di una giovane con malattia rara

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orazio Vecchio

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Dalila è una bella ragazza originaria della provincia di Catania, da tempo trasferitasi nel capoluogo etneo. Laureata, ha un lavoro, un marito e spera di avere presto anche un bambino. Scherza e sorride con generosità, ma sa essere seria e diligente quando si richiede. A vederla, impeccabile in ufficio o rilassata il sabato sera, nessuno sospetterebbe che possa avere una malattia rara e degenerativa. Eppure, tra le preoccupazioni di ogni giorno e le speranze per il futuro, Dalila affronta un’importante patologia autoimmune. Per tanto tempo ha taciuto, quasi nascosto o rimosso, la sua sofferenza; oggi ne parla con le persone più vicine e ha accettato di aprirsi in questo dialogo, in cui racconta l’impatto con la diagnosi e le prime cure, il rapporto con i genitori e quello con il marito, le relazioni con gli amici e i problemi sul lavoro, le lunghe ore in ospedale e i pensieri sulla morte, la voglia di vivere al meglio e la fede in Dio. Dimensioni e aspetti riscoperti o valorizzati grazie alla malattia.

Grandi e piccole imprese industriali in Italia: dinamica e performance negli anni '80 a confronto. ( Large and small industrial enterprises in Italy: a comparison of dynamics and performance in the 1980s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B. CONTINI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available L' articolo esamina lo stato dell'industria italiana nel 1980 . Lo sviluppo delle piccole imprese e l'evoluzione delle piccole e medie imprese sono analizzate prima l'integrazione tra i servizi e l'industria è considerata . L'autore esamina quindi lo sviluppo della divisione del lavoro nell'industria italiana e l' ascesa e la caduta di piccole imprese . I processi di creazione di occupazione e posti di lavoro di distruzione attribuibile alle piccole imprese vengono trattati prima di un confronto internazionale dello sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese e il loro contributo al mondo del lavoro è fornito. Dinamiche di confronto tra grandi e piccole imprese nel recente esperienza italiana sono considerati , prima che vengano forniti i risultati di una ricerca econometrica sulle imprese da un campione di 1984The article looks at the state of Italian industry in the 1980s. The development of the small businesses and the evolution of medium-sized enterprises are analysed before the integration between services and industry is considered. The author then looks at the development of the division of labor in Italian industry and the rise and fall of small businesses. Processes of job-creation and job-destruction attributable to small businesses are dealt with before an international comparison of the development of SMEs and their contribution to employment is provided. Comparative dynamics between large and small businesses in the recent Italian experience are considered, before the results of an econometric investigation on firms from a 1984 sample are provided.JEL: L16, O14, O52

Superfluità e ‘vuoto mentale’ dei lavoratori: una esplorazione attraverso i racconti di Franz Kafka

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luigi Ferrari

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Kafka non è stato un impiegato passivo e distratto. Recenti studi sui suoi documenti di lavoro hanno evidenziato una passione e una competenza professionale notevoli. Questa competenza è stata riversata nelle sue opere letterarie che parlano di lavoro e di organizzazioni con una conoscenza diretta. Lo stile simbolista di Kafka è stato molto efficace nel cambiare il modo di vedere le organizzazioni. Lo scrittore, in particolare, ha intuito la crescita degli ultimi anni della popolazione eccedente. Kafka ha saputo afferrare la psicologia e gli atteggiamenti profondi dei lavoratori che fronteggiano la loro superfluità e l’espulsione dal mondo del lavoro. Più in dettaglio, Kafka è stato capace di analizzare la resa psicologica alla superfluità che si esprime soprattutto con una specifica forma di “vuoto mentale”. Parole chiave: , disoccupazione, Kafka, narrazioni del lavoro

Il teismo filosofico di Alasdair MacIntyre a confronto con la teologia post–liberale e post–moderna/Alasdair MacIntyre’s philosophical theism in conversation with postliberal and postmodern theologies

OpenAIRE

Leonardi, Carlo; Istituto Superiore di Scienze Religiose «Beato Gregorio X» (Arezzo)

2015-01-01

Nel breve spazio del presente lavoro, intendo dar conto dell’“habitus teologico” che caratterizza lo stile filosofico di Alasdair MacIntyre : “religiously musical” è infatti — a mio avviso — il più insolito, e allo stesso tempo il più suadente, epiteto attribuito al filosofo scozzese dai teologi James Gustafson e Stanley Hauerwas . Tale habitus è altresì esaltato dalla diffusa propensione a saldare insieme — senza apparente soluzione di continuità — il modus philosophandi macintyriano e alcun...

Produzione di bioidrogeno in dark fermentation da scarti dell'industria agroalimentale mediante l'impiego di batteri ipertermofili

OpenAIRE

Alberini, Andrea

2013-01-01

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come argomento la produzione d’idrogeno per via fermentativa sfruttando il metabolismo anaerobico di particolari batteri estremofili del genere Thermotoga. In questo lavoro, svolto in seno al progetto Bio-Hydro, sfruttando reattori batch da 116 mL, è stato selezionato il ceppo migliore di Thermotoga fra i quatto ceppi testati: T. neapolitana. Una volta individuato il candidato batterico migliore è stato individuato il valore ottimale di pH (8.5 a t.amb) per la...

Comportamento strutturale e qualita' di campo delle bobine dei dipoli per LHC studio e confronto con i risultati sperimentali

CERN Document Server

Ferracin, P

1998-01-01

Il lavoro di questa tesi consiste nell’analisi e verifica dello stato di tensione e deformazione della bobina dei dipoli superconduttori per LHC (Large Hadron Collider) Il lavoro di questa tesi consiste nell’analisi e verifica dello stato di tensione e deformazione…

I RAPPORTI TRA L'ALBANIA E LA GRAN BRETAGNA (1940-1950)

OpenAIRE

COTA, JULIAN

2012-01-01

La presente tesi ha avuto l’obiettivo di illustrare i rapporti tra l’Albania e la Gran Bretagna nel decennio tra il 1940 al 1950. Il lavoro viene svolto basandosi su tre momenti; a) l’ingresso dell’Albania nell’ottica della politica estera della Gran Bretagna e l’invio delle missioni militari britanniche in Albania. b) La fine della Guerra collocò l’Albania dall’altra parte della cortina di ferro rispetto ai britannici causando il peggioramento dei rapporti tra i due governi dopo gli...

L’ORDO IUDICIARIUS E I VERBA DIMINUENTIA IURIS ORDINEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Neftalí Nicolás García

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Il proceso sommario, frutto di un lungo lavoro sinergico realizzato dai legislatori medievali dell’uno e dell’altro diritto, costituí un processo alternativo al solenne, più agile e veloce, del quale la Saepe Contingit rappresenta il paradigma che raggiunge la sua piena maturazione scientifica con il trattato di Bartolo da Sassoferrato sulla Costituzione Ad Reprimendum. Questo articolo si propone l’obiettivo di ripercorrere brevemente i passi che conducono all’emersione del rito sommario nello Ius Commune del Basso Medioevo.

« With what face can you look up, thou shame of heaven and man?». The monologue to one’s penis from the Satyricon to Fellini Satyricon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emanuele Canzaniello

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Questo lavoro muove dal puntuale riferimento al frammento 132, 8-16 del Satyricon antico, porzione di testo che mette in scena un disinvolto e superbo monologo al proprio membro, presa in giro di ogni impasse sessuale, calco parodico dell’Odissea. Se ne precisa la peculiare posizione all’interno della scala delle temperatura della parodia. Il focus del saggio è poi rivolto alla riscrittura e alla rilettura messa in opera filmica nel Fellini Satyricon (1969. Vengono prese in esame le varianti e le tecniche messe a punto per tradurre quello stesso grado di parodia, se ne indagano le continuità e le perdite calcolabili nella mutazione e nel mutamento del mezzo espressivo.

Il punto di vista dell’orecchio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Rinaldi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Queste brevi note sul suono e sul paesaggio nascono da un lungo lavoro di ricerca sulle trasformazioni del paesaggio alpino contemporaneo condotto assieme al fotografo e filmaker Armin Linke . All’inizio si trattava di indagare sul piano visivo lo scarto esistente tra i cosiddetti “bei paesaggi” delle Alpi e le realtà fisiche che oggi li accompagnano e circondano: da un lato, infatti, ci sono le Alpi come territorio, centrale per l’Europa, che ha vissuto e vive trasformazioni profonde; dall’altro c’è l’immagine delle Alpi, come icona che, grazie all’immaginario che può mobilitare, rimane fedele a sé stessa al di là di qualunque trasformazione.

LUCI ED OMBRE NELL’ATTUAZIONE DEL SISTEMA DI RISOLUZIONE ALTERNATIVA DELLE CONTROVERSIE NEL CONTENZIOSO TRIBUTARIO ITALIANO ED IN QUELLO CROATO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Greggi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Nel lavoro gli autori esaminano il sistema della risoluzione alternativa delle controversie (ADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution nelle questioni fi scali in un’ottica comparatistica, ovvero alla luce delle legislazioni e delle dottrine italiana e croata. Nella prima parte del lavoro l’attenzione è rivolta all’esperienza italiana di attuazione del sistema ADR; mentre la seconda parte del lavoro è dedicata all’evoluzione del quadro normativo croato nei tentativi di costruzione di meccanismi di ADR. Il lavoro in entrambe le sue parti contiene una rassegna degli orientamenti dottrinali e attraverso i vari capitoli si sottolinea l’aspetto storico e teorico della questione esaminata. Gli autori dibattono ed espongono sul piano comparatistico anche le implicazioni dell’attuazione del sistema in esame; mentre l’infl uenza della dottrina di diritto pubblico sulla comparsa e lo sviluppo del sistema ADR viene evidenziata mediante l’esposizione della recente prassi italiana e croata del sistema di risoluzione dei contenziosi tributari.

La spazialità dell’ascolto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Mattiucci

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Hanno sistemato il mio computer da una settimana... finalmente l’audio funziona di nuovo! Ora sì che va meglio. Arrivo e mi metto le cuffie, ancora prima di scorrere l’archivio sul mio desktop. È un gesto che fanno quasi tutti intorno a me. È come se cercassero un’altra stanza all’interno di questa grande stanza che condividiamo. Ognuno si ritaglia nello spazio delle proprie orecchie il posto dove vorrebbe essere, più congeniale al lavoro quotidiano o dove, più semplicemente, ci si concentri meglio.

Gino Frezza (ed., Endoapocalisse. The Walking Dead, l’immaginario digitale, il postumano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirko Lino

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Il volume curato da Gino Frezza, frutto del lavoro condotto dal Laboratorio di Analisi degli Audiovisivi dell’Università di Salerno, raccoglie i contributi di diversi studiosi nazionali e internazionali con l’obiettivo di analizzare la poliedricità dell’immaginario contemporaneo sullo zombie, e per farlo mette al centro il fenomeno seriale di The Walking Dead (TWD creato da Robert Kirkman, ponendo in una prospettiva transdisciplinare le relazioni tra l’intensa metaforologia postumana e apocalittica incarnata dallo zombie e le nuove morfologie del racconto seriale transmediale.

Sustainable development applied to the Italian territorial planning, sustainable management of the renewable and un renewable resources; Problematiche territoriali relative al suolo, al sottosuolo, alle acque e contributo allo sviluppo sostenibile nazionale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basili, M; Colonna, N; Del Ciello, R; Grauso, S; Napoleoni, S; Zarlenga, F [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1998-07-01

The paper carries out on analysis on the state of the art about sustainable development applied to the territorial planning. Tree types of approach to the sustainability are described: social, economic and environmental, using a large bibliography starting from the Bruntland report. The Italian situation is discussed. An operative proposal on the sustainable management of the renewable and un renewable resources: groundwater, soil and building materials are defined for the Italian context. [Italian] Nel lavoro vengono descritti i principi generali dello sviluppo sostenibile ed i tre tipi di approccio derivanti dall'analisi dell'imponente bibliografia degli ultimi quindici anni, a partire dal rapporto Bruntland che per primo ne ha preso in considerazione i concetti. Vengono proposte tre architetture logiche per procedure di gestione sostenibile delle risorse nel contesto istituzionale italiano.

Sustainable development applied to the Italian territorial planning, sustainable management of the renewable and un renewable resources; Problematiche territoriali relative al suolo, al sottosuolo, alle acque e contributo allo sviluppo sostenibile nazionale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basili, M.; Colonna, N.; Del Ciello, R.; Grauso, S.; Napoleoni, S.; Zarlenga, F. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente

1998-07-01

The paper carries out on analysis on the state of the art about sustainable development applied to the territorial planning. Tree types of approach to the sustainability are described: social, economic and environmental, using a large bibliography starting from the Bruntland report. The Italian situation is discussed. An operative proposal on the sustainable management of the renewable and un renewable resources: groundwater, soil and building materials are defined for the Italian context. [Italian] Nel lavoro vengono descritti i principi generali dello sviluppo sostenibile ed i tre tipi di approccio derivanti dall'analisi dell'imponente bibliografia degli ultimi quindici anni, a partire dal rapporto Bruntland che per primo ne ha preso in considerazione i concetti. Vengono proposte tre architetture logiche per procedure di gestione sostenibile delle risorse nel contesto istituzionale italiano.

Valutare la percezione dei fattori di rischio da stress lavoro-correlato attraverso strumenti adattati al contesto

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Conway, Paul Maurice; Aquilina, Tatiana; Campanini, Paolo

2011-01-01

The Italian Advisory Committee on work-related stress has outlined a step-by-step approach which considerably limits workers' participation in the first phases of the assessment procedure. Albeit cost-effective, such approach neglects the relevance of employees' perception in correctly identifying...... likely risk factors for job stress. Results of the present study, considering call center workers, points to the need of adopting subjective instruments for job stress assessment that are context-specific, whereas using generic job stress models only (such as Job Demand-Control and Effort Reward....../Imbalance) may not permit the identfication of risk factors that are peculiar to the work settings under investigation....

Un approccio innovativo per l’analisi quantitativa delle superfici di frattura a fatica nelle ghise sferoidali mediante elaborazione di immagini

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. Di Bartolomeo

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Le osservazioni al microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM delle superfici di frattura ottenute a seguito di rotture per fatica consentono di evidenziare alcuni meccanismi di avanzamento che dipendono dal materiale e dalla modalità di applicazione delle sollecitazioni. L’introduzione di moderne tecniche di analisi di immagine assistite al calcolatore permette di elaborare un numero di informazioni elevato che consente di porre in relazione le caratteristiche morfologiche locali con il comportamento meccanico macroscopico del materiale.In questo lavoro è stata implementata una tecnica innovativa di analisi di immagine basata sull’analisi della tessitura, valutando l’influenza delle condizioni di applicazione della sollecitazione (ΔK applicato sulla evoluzione del clivaggio rilevato sulle superfici di frattura a fatica di una ghisa sferoidale ferrito-perlitica.

PROPOSTE DI ALLENAMENTO MULTILATERALE CON PALLA IN DUE DISCIPLINE SPORTIVE: LA GINNASTICA RITMICA E LA PALLACANESTRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Caire

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La specializzazione precoce non garantisce il successo nello sport d’élite, ma comporta numerosi rischi (Malina, 2010. Una delle strategie per contrastare questi rischi nell’allenamento giovanile è la proposta di un carico motorio che presenti carattere di polivalenza e multilateralità. La multilateralità nella metodologia dell’allenamento è considerata un aspetto chiave per la formazione giovanile (AA.VV., 1987; AA.VV., 1987; Sotgiu & Pellegrini, 1989; Starosta, 2006; Weinek, 2009. Proposte di lavoro multilaterale possono essere costruite ispirandosi a differenti discipline sportive che presentano similitudini quali, ad esempio, gesti ed attrezzi. Nella pratica sportiva alcuni allenatori, alla continua ricerca di idee innovative per ampliare le proprie proposte di lavoro sul campo, talvolta si ispirano ad altre discipline sportive. Ma due discipline sportive molto diverse tra loro possono realizzare proposte di lavoro traversali per una formazione multilaterale?Objectives: L’obiettivo dello studio è formulare proposte di lavoro con la palla adatte a due discipline molto diverse, quali la Ginnastica Ritmica e la Pallacanestro che possano contribuire all’allenamento multilaterale di entrambe nella fase di formazione sportiva giovanile.

Riflessioni sull'attuale stato della scienza economica. (Reflections on the present state of economics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. STEINDL

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri  economisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziatinel 1979. In esso Josef Steindl ricorda le importanti avventi in materia di economia e il proprio lavoro e la vita per riflettere sullo stato dell'economia di oggi .The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Josef Steindl recalls the major advents in the field of economics and his own work and life to reflect on the state of today’s economics.JEL: B31, A11

L’immaginario collettivo nell’era biomediatica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Massimiliano Valerii

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Grazie alla diffusione delle tecnologie digitali, nel giro di un decennio la grande trasformazione dei media ha determinato una rivoluzione copernicana, che ha posto l’io-utente al centro del sistema. Questo lavoro prende spunto dal 14° Rapporto sulla comunicazione del Censis per analizzare i processi in corso. In particolare, ci si focalizza sull’ingresso nella cosiddetta era biomediatica, caratterizzata dalla trascrizione virtuale e dalla condivisione telematica in tempo reale delle biografie personali attraverso i social network, che sanciscono il primato dell’io-utente, produttore esso stesso – oltre che fruitore – di contenuti.

Gli infortuni lavorativi in minori: risultati di uno studio multicentrico italiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Aggazzotti

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: gli infortuni lavorativi, in particolare quelli subiti da minorenni, rappresentano un problema di notevole importanza sociale: in Italia, da dati INPS, risultano lavorare circa 68 adolescenti su 1000. L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di raccogliere informazioni sugli infortuni lavorativi avvenuti a minori (14-17 anni in 14 città italiane nel periodo gennaio-giugno 2000. Metodi: si tratta di uno studio epidemiologico descrittivo, basato sulle informazioni raccolte consultando direttamente le cartelle cliniche presso centri di Pronto Soccorso (PS attivi nelle città coinvolte. Sono stati presi in considerazione tutti gli infortuni avvenuti a minori: tra questi sono stati considerati come lavorativi quelli accaduti nel corso di attività descritta come lavorativa e quelli occorsi “in itinere”. Le analisi statistiche sono state condotte con SPSS; è stata effettuata una cluster analysis per evidenziare eventuali sottogruppi omogenei. Risultati: la popolazione residente nelle aree indagate di età tra 14 e 17 anni è stata stimata in circa 850.000 soggetti, pari al 31% della popolazione italiana della stessa età: gli infortuni totali sono risultati 13423 di cui 317 lavorativi (2.4%. I soggetti di sesso maschile, diciassettenni, impiegati nel comparto industriale sono risultati il gruppo maggiormente coinvolto: la prognosi è risultata per lo più inferiore a 8 giorni. Sono apparse due diverse tipologie di infortunio: una riguarda i casi avvenuti in itinere, con caratteristiche molto simili agli incidenti stradali, e un’altra, più specifica, riguarda gli eventi sul posto di lavoro, dove si registrano lesioni al polso, alle mani, al capo e agli occhi con frequenza superiore rispetto agli infortuni in genere.

Conclusioni: il fenomeno è risultato non trascurabile, soprattutto tenendo conto del fatto che si riferisce solamente al lavoro minorile regolarmente

Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raushani Azza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

Tecniche integrate di rilievo per la comprensione di contesti archeologici e paesaggistici: note metodologiche per un approccio multi-scalare.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariangela Liuzzo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available L’obiettivo della ricerca consiste nello sviluppo di un metodo efficiente volto a superare la dicotomia esistente tra la documentazione di dettaglio e quella a scala più ampia, territoriale e paesaggistica, in maniera tale da innescare nuove riflessioni sugli ambiti archeologici indagati e contestualizzarli nella storia e negli spazi geografici differenziati per periodi che arrivino fino ai giorni nostri.Il poter misurare ed assorbire diversi universi contestuali (dal singolo muro all’architettura, fino al sito e al suo territorio, mettendoli a sistema e facendoli interagire nello spazio e nel tempo, è forse il contributo più importante che un lavoro di squadra multidisciplinare può offrire per la comprensione dello spazio in cui viviamo.Si presentano i risultati di due recenti attività svolte sul campo ancora in atto.

Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1984-04-01

fuels, corn remover, drawing inks, fuel-system deicer, glue, nail-polish remover, paint-brush cleaners, paint and varnish removers, and china ,• ~ ~film...and fire hazards of butanone and acetone. Ind. Bull. (N.Y. State Dept. Labor) 23:173-176. Societa Italiana di Medicina del Lavoro. 1975. Associazione...Italiana di Medicina del Lavoro 1975. Associazione Italiana - -degli Igienisti Industriali. Valori Limite Ponderati degli Inquinanti Chimici e

Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hikmatiar Pasya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

Star bene donna, star bene mamma: il counseling a sostegno della maternità presso l’Ospedale Macedonio Melloni di Milano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberta Riolo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il progetto “Star bene donna, star bene mamma – il Counseling a sostegno della maternità”, è finanziato dalla L.R. 23/99, ed è completamente gratuito per l’utenza. Finalità del progetto è la tutela della maternità, della genitorialità, della salute e del benessere della donna, rimuovendo ostacoli materiali e culturali tramite interventi integrati, con particolare attenzione alle situazioni di fragilità e in prevenzione all’uso dell’IVG. Il progetto, attivo da settembre 2011, prevede sei azioni svolte in modo integrato sul territorio cittadino, in collaborazione con alcuni Enti pubblici e strutture private: 1 Sostegno e accompagnamento alla donna, o coppia, attraverso sportello di Counseling attivo all’interno dell’Ospedale Macedonio Melloni e tramite lavoro di rete con Madre Segreta, servizio a tutela della maternità della Provincia di Milano. 2 Utilizzo del mediatore linguistico. 3 Formazione e orientamento al lavoro per donne in evidente stato di disagio economico all’interno di un’Associazione culturale per bambini, che offre servizi alle famiglie. 4 Fornitura pacchi alimentari per nuclei monoparentali o famiglie in provato stato di bisogno. 5 Formazione agli operatori su tematiche quali: la maternità migrante, la relazione e la comunicazione, la comunicazione difficile. 6 Formazione affettiva e sessuale ad adolescenti, volta a promuovere una sessualità consapevole e senza rischi. Il Counseling sistemico si inserisce in questo progetto come elemento di aiuto per la presa in carico tempestiva dell’utenza ospedaliera, offrendo un immediato spazio di confronto e di dialogo utile a raccogliere e identificare la difficoltà portata. Il lavoro del Counselor non è di ostacolo agli altri operatori in quanto si muove entro limiti ben chiari, anzi può essere di utilità alleggerendo, nello specifico, il lavoro di Psicologi e Psicoterapeuti per una presa in carico di tutte quelle situazioni di disagio evolutivo e pu

Il danno alla persona del lavoratore: il mobbing orizzontale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Riccardo Gentile

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Sommario:1. Il mobbing tra diritto civile e diritto del lavoro – 2. Il fenomeno mobbing: gli studi iniziali e la definizione – 3. Le concrete condotte integranti fattispecie di mobbing – 4. Onere della prova – 5. Il mobbing orizzontale – 6. L’elemento soggettivo di colpevolezza del da­tore di lavoro nella responsabilità ex art. 2087 c.c. per mobbing orizzontale

La dinamica tra appartenere e differenziarsi: elementi della trasformazione nella terapia ‘a geometria variabile’ con adolescenti migranti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graziana Mangiacavallo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In questo lavoro sarà affrontata la dinamica tra processo di appartenenza e differenziazione in età adolescenziale, attraverso l’esemplificazione di un caso clinico. Tale dinamica è resa complessa dal fatto che il caso in oggetto, rimanda a trame culturali della migrazione. Tale lavoro prende in esame la possibilità dell’utilizzo di strategie integrate, come la consultazione culturale, alla luce del modello a ‘geometria variabile.

C'è lavoro sul web?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrizia Tullini

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Is there work on web? Can we distinguish web-users between "workers"? What innovative ways takes digital activity? Is it possible to identify typical professional profiles and trades on web? Can the extreme accessibility and impersonality of the web create genuine employment relationships and support production processes? Is there a way to apply labour rules and protections to experiences that intentionally take advantage of extraterritoriality, autarky and polycentric dimension of Internet?The questions raised by the Author underline that the web, rather than simply providing means and support to the movement of information in advantage of the labour market traditional players (companies, workers, private agencies, public employment services, has instead developed autonomously its own potential. On one hand, the web has became a professional intermediary, using the capabilities of computing devices and search engine that offer global employment services 2.0; on the other hand, has caused the “dis-intermediation” towards institutional operators (public and private through the dissemination of informal circuits, sites of social recruiting, and also civic networks aimed at intercepting interstitial job opportunities.Moreover, the web tends increasingly to exchange or combine the role of the intermediary and the one of the employer in the labour market, making available - at least potentially - a virtual, but global, space for outsourcing. The A. reflects, in particular, on legal characterization of digital work through crowdsourcing and on the application of rules of contracts and Agency work.Although work on web is difficult to recognize, measure and regulate in legal terms, it has been observed that the use of technological devices and digital services mark the rebirth of the "trade" - in its original, ancient meaning of the practice of an art or the expression of a talent - in contrast to the "profession" established in the high twentieth century through a bureaucratic public organization. The network is the means and the support of the "trade" professed by digital workers, but is both the object and purpose of the trade itself. Means and end often coincide.

Il lavoro digitale su piattaforma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annamaria Donini

2015-03-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the work carried through digital platforms of crowdsourcing.The web is now vector of production processes widespread and fragmented among network users: companies break up the activities and assign them to a digital infrastructure that commit the work to the crowd of users, sometimes through competitions for the selection of the best idea. The usual technique for contractual qualification does not directly apply to digital work on platform. The use of terms and conditions to regulate relations between the three parties involved (customer, platform and provider, in fact, shows the autonomy of these schemes compared to the regulative contribution of the employment contract.The A. also analyzes the socialization of production processes, especially in the culture industry, and the emerging user-worker, arranging his work through not transparent mechanisms governed by unilateral contractual clauses, far from the synallagma of the employment contract.The contractual and economical imbalance between digital platform and others operators characterizing web-outsourcing suggests the inclusion of crowdsourcing sites (and the ones oriented at collective production among actors involved in the labour market. The paper finally suggests a common regulatory background for web-operators with the integration of measures that re-confirm the typical features of the worker, although user.

Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

1993-01-01

The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

Cacciatori di particelle

CERN Document Server

Ne'eman, Yuval

1988-01-01

Capostipite dei "cacciatori di particelle" fu J.J. Thomson, il quale nel 1897 scoprì la prima particella subatomica, l'elettrone. Poco dopo, negli anni tra il 1910 e il 1932, veniva rivelata la natura del nucleo atomico, grazie al lavoro di Rutherford. Partendo da queste prime storiche conquiste della fisica, gli autori introducono gradualmente il lettore nel micromondo delle particelle: dall'elettroscopio a foglie d'oro al dualismo onda-particella, all'enigma di una asimmetria destra-sinistra in natura, all'invenzione dei grandi acceleratori. Poi tra la fine degli anni cinquanta e i primi anni sessanta, l'esplosione di nuove specie particellari sembra vanificare ogni speranza di spiegazione. Lo schema di classificazione introdotto nel 1964 da Ne'eman (e, indipendentemente, da Gell-Mann), pone fine a tale confusione, consentendo una sistemazione coerente: quella che porta al concetto di quark e alle ultime conquiste, teoriche e sperimentali. Oggi, che i fisici sono divenuti più "coltivatori" che "cacciatori...

Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

2018-06-01

A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

2012-01-01

Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

An educational method for evaluating the resistance to the treatment in the diagnosis of dyscalculia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giampaolo Chiappini

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper a didactical method that has been proven effective for evaluating the “resistance to the treatment” of the student is presented. This parameter is essential for distinguishing the learning difficulties in mathematics from the learning disorder of dyscalculia. The method is based on GimmeFive, an application that has been designed to develop skills in mental calculation of multi-digit additions and subtractions. In this paper we present the results of two experiments conducted with groups of students respectively with learning difficulties in mathematics and dyscalculia. These experiments allowed to show the effectiveness of the didactical method in the evaluation of the resistance to the treatment and to discuss the features that make it adequate for the evaluation of the learning disorder. An educational method for evaluating the resistance to the treatment in the diagnosis of dyscalculiaIn questo lavoro viene presentato un metodo didattico che si è dimostrato efficace per valutare la resistenza al trattamento dello studente che è uno dei parametri fondamentali per distinguere la difficoltà di apprendimento in matematica dal disturbo di apprendimento noto come discalculia. Il metodo si basa sull’uso dell’applicazione GimmeFive che è stata progettata per sviluppare competenze nel calcolo mentale di addizioni e sottrazioni a più cifre. In questo lavoro vengono presentati risultati di due sperimentazioni condotte con gruppi di studenti rispettivamente con difficoltà di apprendimento e con diagnosi di discalculia. Queste sperimentazioni hanno consentito di mostrare l’efficacia del metodo didattico nella valutazione della resistenza al trattamento e di discutere le caratteristiche che lo rendono adeguato per la valutazione del disturbo di apprendimento.

Il campo dell'arte: regole e valori dell'istituzione letteraria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Avella

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Si considera in questo articolo il campo artistico, descritto da Pierre Bourdieu, come il teatro di una lotta per la conquista del monopolio della legittimità letteraria tra (disposizioni sociali, a cui corrispondono precise strategie simboliche, concorrenti. Viene, così, messo in discussione il mito della gratuità e del disinteresse del lavoro intellettuale insieme a quello dell’esperienza estetica come identificazione immediata e contemplazione dell’opera. Le istanze di legittimazione interne al campo, infatti, determinano i modi della produzione, ma anche quelli dell’appropriazione. Solo un fruitore dotato della competenza adeguata sarà in grado di riconoscere il valore esemplificazionale inscritto nel testo.

Antropologia visuale dei senza casa di Place de la Réunion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvaine Conord

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Questo quartiere negli anni 90 veniva considerato una zona prevalentemente popolare. Oggi resta l’esempio emblematico di una Parigi popolare in mutamento. Questa ricerca è sempre attuale grazie al soggetto: i senza casa. La questione dei senza casa nella regione parigina non è risolta: migliaia di nuclei familiari attendono l'assegnazione di un alloggio abitabile. Numerose famiglie vivono in palazzi occupati, nonostante abbiano presentato presso i servizi pubblici la loro domanda da molti anni. Quindi, oltre ad un osservazione partecipante, questo lavoro pone l’accento "su una sociologia militante" che prende corpo attraverso le testimonianze e la partecipazione attiva dell'osservatrice alle diverse situazioni che vive e vede.

Il Discorso o Dialogo di Machiavelli: Per l’“Evento” del Materialismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuri Brunello

2014-12-01

Full Text Available L’autenticità del Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua è stata più volte messa in discussione. A tutti gli effetti, l’immagine di Machiavelli che affiora dal Discorso o dialogo rientra in una discorsività incompatibile con il cinismo assolutista o con l’utopismo patriottico e populista associato per secoli al nome di Machiavelli. L’emergere del materialismo del Discorso o dialogo, come anche del Principe, è stato il più delle volte rimosso da un’esegesi interessata a reprimerne il messaggio sovversivo. Richiamando Spinoza, Gramsci e Badiou, il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare il materialismo di Machiavelli e la sua portata rivoluzionaria

Cornice epistemologica e metodologica del modello sistemico pluralista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Edelstein

2013-12-01

Full Text Available L’articolo illustra il modello di lavoro che si è sviluppato negli ultimi trent’anni, attraverso l’intreccio tra ricerca, formazione, clinica e lavori di comunità, e che ha dato spazio all’approccio sistemico pluralista in ambito interculturale. Quest’ultimo ha sviluppato una cornice che comprende lo sviluppo di nuovi concetti, metodologie di lavoro e tecniche specifiche che attingono a teorie diverse. L’articolo, quindi, offre un quadro epistemologico, ma anche metodologico e concettuale.

Argumentation in mathematics: mediation by means of digital interactive storytelling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovannina Albano

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This work is framed in a wider research aimed at outlining an online interactive platform model organizing mathematical learning activities based on a Vygotskian approach. This paper reports on a pilot study concerning a first implementation of a mathematical Learning Activity, as part of an interactive digital storytelling in mathematics, aiming at developing students’ argumentative competences. We present the outcomes of the protocols’ analysis and discuss them with respect two main points: the production of arguments for supporting of the solution to a question and the different functioning of the device according to the student’s attitude with respect to the story and the team work. L’argomentazione in matematica: la mediazione attraverso il digital interactive storytellingQuesto lavoro è inserito in una ricerca più ampia volta a realizzare un modello di piattaforma interattiva online che implementi Learning Activity in matematica basate su un approccio vygotskiano. Questo articolo riporta uno studio pilota riguardante una prima implementazione di un task matematico, come parte di un digital storytelling interattivo in matematica, che mira a sviluppare competenze argomentative negli studenti. Presentiamo i risultati delle analisi dei protocolli e li discutiamo rispetto a due punti principali: sviluppo nella produzione di argomentazioni a supporto della risoluzione ad un quesito e diverso funzionamento del dispositivo a seconda dell’atteggiamento dello studente rispetto alla storia e al lavoro di gruppo.

The Savage Pilgrimage: D.H. Lawrence’s Dialogic Journeys upon Monte Verità, the Mountain of Truth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert Barsky

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Al centro dell’enorme corpus di poesie, racconti, romanzi e critica letteraria di Lawrence c’è Lady Chatterley’s Lover, il primo della lunga serie di classici censurati descritti in un recente lavoro come “Dirt for Art Sake”. A dispetto della popolarità della scrittura di Lawrence, comunque, e della notorietà che guadagnò dai procedimenti legali avviati contro di lui in nome della censura, pochi critici hanno messo in rapporto la sua ricerca letteraria e culturale con il suo intenso impegno intellettuale verso la contro-cultura contemporanea in Germania e in Svizzera e molti, forse come conseguenza, deridono o ignorano i suoi lavori più scabrosi. In questo saggio discuterò come esempi di contro-cultura contemporanea – e in particolare l’adesione di Lawrence alle idee derivanti da anarchici, bohémiens, nudisti, adoratori del sole, vegetariani, e le colonie artistiche di Monte Verità – furono catalizzatori per le qualità dialogiche e carnevalesche di lavori come Sun e Lady Chatterley’ Lover. Questa relazione traccerà i tentacoli storici e ideologici che connettono il lavoro di Lawrence alla contro-cultura contemporanea, e si concluderà poi collegando il suo approccio alla scrittura di M.M. Bakhtin, il cui corpus appare come un manuale per quei lettori che volessero affrontare la scrittura dialogica più impudica e diretta di Lawrence.

Familial ALS

Science.gov (United States)

Boylan, Kevin

2015-01-01

Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amrah Muhammad Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andoh, A.

1997-01-01

The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

Peste equina: descrizione di focolai di malattia in Namibia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Massimo Scacchia

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La peste equina è una malattia virale degli equidi trasmessa da vettori. Scopo di questo lavoro è di riferire su casi di malattia verificatisi in Namibia nel corso degli anni 2006-2008, osservati dal personale dell'Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” e del Central Veterinary Laboratory di Windhoek, Namibia e confermati dagli esami di laboratorio. Il lavoro è stato possibile anche grazie alla fattiva collaborazione stabilitasi con i veterinari pubblici, privati e allevatori Namibiani.

Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

2017-10-01

The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zaenuddin Mansyur

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

Spazio, movimento, prospettiva ed empatia: un prototipo di videogame didattico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pio Alfredo Di Tore

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Questo lavoro presenta la cornice teorica che sta alla base della progettazione di un videogame didattico pensato per valutare le abilità di perspective taking (capacità di adottare la prospettiva altrui e di mental rotation (rotazione mentale dei giocatori. Lo studio mira a rilevare come tali abilità siano coinvolte nella relazione empatica e a verificarne le implicazioni in campo educativo. Il lavoro adotta la definizione di empatia riconducibile ad Alain Berthoz ed alla teoria spaziale dell’empatia qui presentata con i relativi sistemi di riferimento spaziale. È inoltre fornita una rapida revisione della letteratura sulla rappresentazione dello spazio nel bambino e sulla rappresentazione dello spazio nel gioco (su base visiva. Infine, il lavoro descrive il prototipo di gioco – realizzato presso l’Università di Salerno – in cui il giocatore si trova alle prese con tre differenti compiti di cui due progettati per misurare le abilità di perspective taking mentre il terzo è calibrato sulle abilità di mental rotation.

Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

2018-05-01

Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

1989-01-01

The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

La mortalitá infantile ebraica a Ferrara nell'800

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Adamo

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Obiettivi: per conoscere la qualità di vita e lo sviluppo di una collettività, tanto per il passato quanto per il presente, si ricorre sempre più spesso agli studi sulla mortalità infantile (I anno di vita. L’obiettivo del lavoro è quello di descrivere la mortalità infantile ottocentesca nella comunità ebraica di Ferrara.

Metodi: presso l’Archivio Storico del Comune di Ferrara sono conservati i registri di morte dal 1813 al 1902 della popolazione ebraica da cui si sono tratte le seguenti variabili: anno di morte, numero progressivo del registro, cognome e nome del deceduto, sesso, giorno e mese di morte, malattia o causa di morte, età alla morte (mesi, giorni, ore. Il sesso è desunto dal nome del deceduto. Come in precedenti lavori, il nostro gruppo di ricerca, per definire la classificazione delle cause di morte nel primo anno di vita ha utilizzato fino all’anno 1854 un lavoro di Silini G. basato sulle metodologie di studio delle cause di morte nel secolo XIX a Lovere (Bergamo adattandola al diverso contesto storico geografico. Per il periodo successivo si è adottato il criterio classificatorio ISTAT (IX revisione.

Risultati: dalle prime elaborazioni emerge, per il periodo 1813 1902, il seguente quadro: i morti nel primo anno di vita sono 552, di cui morti nella prima settimana 127 (23%, morti tra la prima settimana ed il primo mese 185 (33,5% ed oltre il primo mese 240 (43,5%. Gli aborti sono risultati complessivamente 194 ed i nati morti 96. Il 51% sono maschi ed il rimanente 49% femmine. Le cause di morte prevalenti sono “materia”, “infiammazione”, “inanizione” ed “epilessia”.

Search for direct CP violation in charged kaons with NA48/2 experiment

CERN Document Server

Lamanna, Gianluca; Pierazzini, Giuseppe

In questa tesi e’ discussa l’analisi dell’asimmetria della slope lineare in decadimenti dei kaoni carichi in tre pioni. In particolare e’ presentata l’analisi nel processo K->pi pi0 pi0. La misura di tale asimmetria e’ una misura dell’effetto di violazione diretta di CP nei kaoni carichi. Fino ad oggi la violazione di questa importante simmetria è stata stabilita soltanto nei mesoni neutri. Preziosi indicazioni sulla presenza di effetti provenienti da nuova fisica oltre il modello standard, potrebbe giungere da una misura del parametro Ag al livello di 10E-4 . Nel lavoro dopo una breve introduzione teorica, è descritta la tecnica sperimentale utilizzata nell’esperimento NA48/2 al CERN, la presa dati e la complessa strategia di misura con particolare enfasi sulle tecniche adottate per ridurre il contributo di effetti indotti da asimmetrie strumentali. Il risultato finale della tesi è oggetto di pubblicazione scientifica.

Conoscere la distribuzione territoriale delle proprietà di manager e azionisti: un approccio guidato dai dati

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Pozzati

2016-12-01

Full Text Available L’analisi e una migliore comprensione della distribuzione della ricchezza degli individui all’interno delle città possono rivelarsi un prezioso strumento specialmente al fine di supportare la stima del valore degli immobili. Tali analisi possono inoltre essere utilizzate per facilitare il percorso decisionale in diversi settori: dalla pubblica amministrazione al mercato immobiliare. In questo lavoro, attraverso l’uso di dati pubblici e di dati di proprietà della società Cerved, è possibile osservare la distribuzione territoriale delle proprietà di manager e azionisti - categorie di persone solitamente collegate ad un elevato benessere economico – e tramite questo identificare le zone delle città in cui il valore degli immobili risulta presumibilmente più elevato. Nello specifico, viene introdotto il Manager and Shareholder Concentration (MSHC score la cui accuratezza ed efficacia viene verificata in tre diverse città di Italia (Torino, Roma e Milano.

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2006-01-01

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benny Afwadzi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

Un ribelle jevoniano. (A Jevonian seditionist: a mutiny to enhance the economic bounty?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. WEINTRAUB

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri economisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziate nel 1979. In esso Sidney Weintraub ricorda la sua vita accademica e professionale.The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Sidney Weintraub recalls his academic life and career. JEL: B31

Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

2007-01-01

With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

2013-01-01

Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

OpenAIRE

Gediminaitė, Barbora

2017-01-01

The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kerwanto Kerwanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

2009-01-01

Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

Il ‘volontariato’ dei richiedenti asilo in Italia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martina Pasqualetto

Full Text Available Riassunto L'articolo analizza la politica pubblica italiana che prevede il coinvolgimento dei richiedenti asilo in attività di 'volontariato' a favore delle amministrazioni locali per calmare il malcontento popolare causato dalla loro presunta inattività. In primo luogo l'autrice mette in discussione l'efficacia di tale policy e ne destruttura il discorso governativo mettendone in luce le mistificazioni. Mediante una ricerca esplorativa ispirata alla grounded theory si dimostra inoltre che la reale natura delle attività promosse risiede nel lavoro gratuito e che esse veicolano un messaggio di simbolica e percepita utilità dei profughi che impatta negativamente sull'immaginario collettivo rispetto al tema del diritto d'asilo.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from Layer Hens in Campania Region from 2000 to 2003

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Fioretti

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di testare la sensibilità antibiotica di 60 ceppi di Salmonella (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum isolati da galline ovaiole nel periodo compreso tra il 2000 e il 2003. S. gallinarum mostrava resistenza nei confronti di ciprofloxacina ed enrofloxacina (rispettivamente 15% e 23%, al contrario di S. enteritidis e S. typhimurium che manifestavano una completa sensibilità. Tutti i sierotipi valutati presentavano alte percentuali di resistenza nei confronti di neomicina, gentamicina e ossitetraciclina. Nei confronti dei sulfamidici i ceppi testati presentavano resistenza nulla. Tali risultati suggeriscono un uso più moderato e mirato degli antibiotici negli allevamenti in modo da ridurre la selezione e diffusione di ceppi multiresistenti.

Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

2006-01-01

The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-03-05

Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

An outstanding female figure in the history of occupational health: Ersilia Majno Bronzini.

Science.gov (United States)

Salerno, Silvana

2010-01-01

Starting with the obituary "Ersilia Majno Bronzini: an outstanding female figure in Occupational Health", probably written by Luigi Devoto and published in the journal La Medicina del Lavoro (1933), a reappraisal is made of Majno Bronzini's contribution to occupational health. Most references were collected from the archives of the journal Il Lavoro (1901), the archives of the association "Union of Women", the periodical founded by Majno Bronzini (1899) and other material. Majno Bronzini's selected published papers (1895, 1900, 1902) on the working conditions of women and child labour proposing a national occupational health law were found. The importance of a women's network for occupational health is also shown in Majno Bronzini's correspondence with Anna Celli Frantzel and Maria Montessori. In 1902 Angelo Celli officially congratulated Majno Bronzini's (and Anne Kuliscioff's) efforts to promulgate the first law on women and child labour during his speech before the Italian Parliament, published by II Lavoro. Majno Bronzini and Nina Rignano Sullam were the only two women participating in the First International Congress on Occupational Health in Milan (1906). The correspondence between Majno Bronzini and Devoto (1901-1933) and Devoto's formal acknowledgement of Majno Bronzini (1910) when inaugurating the new "Clinica del Lavoro" institute is well documented. Majno Bronzini dedicated a significant part of her life to occupational health, together with Anna Celli Frantzel and Maria Montessori along with many others. This research shows how important her contribution was to occupational health development.

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

2003-01-01

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

2018-06-01

The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

OpenAIRE

Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2013-01-01

First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

Disinfection efficiency test (hypochlorite efficiency and hydrodynamic behaviour of the disinfection unit) in a large wastewater plant; Verifica del comportamento funzionale ed idrodinamico del processo di disinfezione con ipoclorito in un grande impianto di depurazione

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Azzellino, A.; Volpe, G.; Vismara, R. [D.I.I.A.R. Sez. Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan (Italy); Bertoni, G. [Varese (Italy); Pezzana, A. [ARISTEA Legnano Srl, Sez. di Igiene Ambientale, Legnano (Italy)

2000-12-01

fecali per lo piu'), per il quale, pero', non sono ancora state indicate metodiche analitiche di riferimento. Il lavoro qui presentato e' il resoconto di quanto fatto a S. Rocco di Monza per il collaudo idraulico funzionale della vasca di contatto per l'ipoclorito. In particolare, per il collaudo in questione, sono state effettuate sia prove con tracciante, per la verifica idrodinamica del reattore, sia prove di disinfezione a diversi dosaggi. Per quanto concerne la valutazione dell'efficacia dei processi di disinfezione si e' scelto di utilizzare entrambi gli indici microbiologici, E. coli e i coliformi fecali, in modo da garantire il rispetto della attuale normativa ed il confronto con il pregresso. L'esito delle prove di disinfezione non ha evidenziato alcuna differenza nella sensibilita' degli organismi indice adottati.

Anni di formazione nella Chicago d'un tempo. (Beginnings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H.P. MINSKY

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di  illustri economisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziati nel 1979. In esso Hyman Minsky offre una retrospettiva sulla sua carriera accademica e lo sviluppo intellettuale .The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Hyman Minsky offers a retrospective on his academic career and intellectual development.JEL: B31

/Cu-Al System

Science.gov (United States)

Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

2014-05-01

Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Rusydi Khalid

2017-12-01

This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

ALS Association

Science.gov (United States)

... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

2009-01-01

To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

Conflitti del lavoro, lavoro in conflitto. Trasformazioni aziendali globali e nuove forme di fragilità e precarizzazione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fulvia D’Aloisio

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The paper focuses on the issue of conflict in contemporary metal-mechanic work and inside the traditional site of blucollars conflict, the factory. Based on an ethnographic research on the Fiat-Sata factory of Melfi (founded in 1993, it shows the progressive change of the line of conflict between workers and owners towards a more subjective and existential conflict between time of work and private and familiar life.As some scholars think, the ‘old fashioned’ conflict has not totally disappeared, rather it has changed its sense and value, flowing towards a different configuration. The work reduction, started in Melfi from 2011, when the factory began the decline of its production and resorting to layoffs, has radically changed the work condition and the perception of the future. The sense of the recruitment in FIAT, for the lucky ones who were hired in 1993 and 1994, was such as an existential turnabout, compared to a very contrary past; more recently, the long period of CIG (Cassa Integrazione Guadagni, from the end of 2011 to 2014, and then the new configuration of the multi-national enterprise FCA,  has increased uncertainty, precariousness, fear to loss the job. In this scenario, the conflict should appear as already exceeded, or simply we have to rethink our idea of class conflict, in the current era of manufacturing production, as a new win of the upper classes. 

Prezzi rigidi, prezzi flessibili e inflazione. (Rigid prices, flexible prices and inflation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. SYLOS LABINI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Sebbene il concetto di un livello generale dei prezzi è di qualche utilità limitata a studi puramente statistici e descrittivi , è pericoloso e ingannevole nel campo delle analisi teoriche che mirano a spiegare variazioni di prezzo . Qualsiasi analisi fruttuosa deve distinguere tra i vari tipi di mercati e merci in quanto, nel breve e lungo termine, i meccanismi di formazione dei prezzi e variazione dipendono dagli stessi. In questo lavoro , l'autore dedica particolare attenzione alla dicotomia tra materie prime e merci . Un'altra dicotomia è introdotta con riferimento al mercato del lavoro . La base logica per la doppia dicotomia è data dal grado di flessibilità , rispetto alla domanda , di prezzi e redditi .Although the concept of a general price level is of some limited use in purely statistical and descriptive studies, it is dangerous and deceptive in the field of theoretical analyses which aim at explaining price variations. Any fruitful analysis must distinguish between various types of markets and goods since, in the short and long run, the mechanisms of price formation and variation are dependent on such. In this work, the author devotes special attention to the dichotomy of raw materials and manufactures, a regards goods. Another dichotomy is introduced with reference to the labour market. The logical basis for the double dichotomy is given by the degree of flexibility, in relation to demand, of prices and earnings.JEL: E31

Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

1975-01-01

Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

Energy efficiency indicators. Case study, Liguria; Indicatori di efficienza energetica. Il caso Liguria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ciarallo, M.A. [ENEA, Divisione Promozione degli Usi Efficienti e Diversificazione dell' Energia, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria Galeria, RM (Italy)

2001-07-01

The report examines the trend in the Liguria Region's energy requirements over the period 1988-1996. The trend was analysed using the regional energy balances and energy efficiency indicators, both in aggregate form and on a single sector basis. The residential sector, in particular, was singled out for an in-depth analysis using publishing and processed data. [Italian] Il presente rapporto esamina l'evoluzione delle caratteristiche energetiche della Regione Liguria attraverso l'analisi degli indicatori di efficienza energetica. Tale analisi e' stata svolta sia a livello aggregato che con riferimento ai singoli settori di attivita'. Particolare attenzione e' stata dedicata al settore residenziale, per il quale e' stato svolto un esame piu' approfondito attraverso un lavoro di raccolta e di elaborazione dati. Il periodo di riferimento va dal 1988 al 1966 dal momento che questo e' l'ultimo anno per il quale sono disponibili i dati economici Istat utilizzati per il calcolo degli indicatori.

Microfinanza: analisi d’impatto di un programma in India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tommaso Rondinella

2005-03-01

Full Text Available L’analisi d’impatto dei programmi di microfinanza è uno strumento utile sia per migliorare i servizi offerti sia per garantire ai donatori che il denaro concesso sia utilizzato per programmi efficaci nell’alleviare la povertà. Il presente lavoro è costituito da due parti: la prima è dedicata all’analisi d’impatto, la seconda all’analisi empirica sul campo. L’indagine è stata condotta attraverso l’utilizzo di uno strumento in grado di dare una indicazione chiara dei cambiamenti avvenuti nelle condizioni di vita dei beneficiari e con il pregio di essere applicabile a costi molto ridotti. I risultati ottenuti mostrano in che misura l’accesso al credito cambi le condizioni di vita dei più poveri inducendo consistenti aumenti del reddito familiare, dei risparmi, della diversificazione delle attività produttive e del consumo di cibo. Inoltre si osserva, all’interno dei nuclei familiari, un miglioramento della condizione femminile chiaramente dipendente dalla partecipazione al programma di microcredito

Energy efficiency indicators. Case study, Liguria; Indicatori di efficienza energetica. Il caso Liguria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ciarallo, M A [ENEA, Divisione Promozione degli Usi Efficienti e Diversificazione dell' Energia, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria Galeria, RM (Italy)

2001-07-01

The report examines the trend in the Liguria Region's energy requirements over the period 1988-1996. The trend was analysed using the regional energy balances and energy efficiency indicators, both in aggregate form and on a single sector basis. The residential sector, in particular, was singled out for an in-depth analysis using publishing and processed data. [Italian] Il presente rapporto esamina l'evoluzione delle caratteristiche energetiche della Regione Liguria attraverso l'analisi degli indicatori di efficienza energetica. Tale analisi e' stata svolta sia a livello aggregato che con riferimento ai singoli settori di attivita'. Particolare attenzione e' stata dedicata al settore residenziale, per il quale e' stato svolto un esame piu' approfondito attraverso un lavoro di raccolta e di elaborazione dati. Il periodo di riferimento va dal 1988 al 1966 dal momento che questo e' l'ultimo anno per il quale sono disponibili i dati economici Istat utilizzati per il calcolo degli indicatori.

Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

2010-01-01

Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

2017-11-01

In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

2016-08-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

1992-01-01

Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

2014-01-01

Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

2017-07-01

The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

2003-01-01

Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

2017-10-01

In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

Capire la realtà macroeconomica: una sfida* ( The challenge of macroeconomic understanding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. MALINVAUD

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri economisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziati nel 1979. In esso Edmond Malinvaud descrive le varie sfide che percepito nel cercare di capire macroeconomiaThe paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Edmond Malinvaud describes the various challenges he perceived in trying to understand macroeconomics.JEL: B31, E00

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

1997-01-01

Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2013-11-25

Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

2009-01-01

We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

2001-01-01

Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

2008-01-01

The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

Misura e valutazione del rischio da esposizione al rumore per orchestrali di un teatro lirico nazionale - Measurement and risk assessment of noise exposure for orchestra members of an Italian opera house

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Annesi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Ad oggi in Letteratura sono presenti pochi studi di settore basati sulla valutazione del rischio rumore nei teatri lirici. Questa condizione si è venuta a creare nonostante in Italia prima il D.Lgs. 195/06, che ha recepito la Direttiva sul rumore 2003/10/CE, e poi le “Linee guida per il settore della musica e delle attività ricreative”, emanate ai sensi dell’art. 198 del D.Lgs. 81/08, obbligano i datori di lavoro a eseguire la valutazione dei rischi. Il presente lavoro riporta i risultati preliminari di uno studio pilota dell’esposizione professionale a rumore dei musicisti dell’orchestra sinfonica di un teatro lirico ita-liano. Sono state effettuate rilevazioni fonometriche su un campione rappresentativo dei componenti dell’orchestra, tramite dosimetri personali e analizzatori in frequenza. Le registrazioni sonore sono state effettuate durante le esecuzioni musicali nella fossa d’orchestra del teatro durante diverse tipologie di rappresentazioni teatrali. ------ To date, in the literature there are few field studies based on the noise risk assessment in opera houses. This condition has come about in spite of the Italian Leg. Decree n. 195/06, which transposed the noise Directive 2003/10/EC, and then the national "Guidelines for the music industry and recreation", issued under Art. 198 of Leg. Decree n. 81/08, oblige employers to perform noise risk assessment. This paper reports the preliminary results of a pilot study of occupational exposure to noise of the symphony orchestra musicians of an Italian opera. Surveys were carried out on a representative sample of members of the orchestra, using personal dosimeters and frequency analyzers. Sound recordings were made during the musical performances in the orchestra pit of the theater during the various types of theatrical performances.

Abu al-Layth al-Libi

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

2013-01-01

This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

[The preparation and characterization of fine dusts carried out in the Clinica del Lavoro di Milano in support of experimental studies].

Science.gov (United States)

Occella, E; Maddalon, G; Peruzzo, G F; Foà, V

1999-01-01

This paper aims to illustrate the conditions selected at the Clinica del Lavoro of the University of Milan to prepare and analyze a large number of fine dust samples produced over a period of about 50 years, that were initially used for studies within the Clinic performed in its own facilities, and since 1956 were sent to other Italian and overseas laboratories (Luxembourg, UK, Germany, Norway, Sweden, South Korea, USA). The total quantity of material distributed (with maximum size 7-10 microns) was about 2 kg and consisted of the following mineral and artificial compounds: quartz, HF-treated quartz, tridymite, HF-treated tridymite, cristobalite, chromite, anthracite, quartz sand for foundry moulds, sand from the Lybian desert, vitreous silica, pumice, cement, as well small quantities of metallic oxides, organic resins, chrysotile, crocidolite, fibres (vitreous, cotton and polyamidic). About half of the entire quantity of dusts produced consisted of partially HF-treated tridymite. Initially, research on the etiology of silicosis used quartz dust samples, simply sieved or ventilated (consisting of classes finer than 0.04 mm, containing a 15-20% respirable fraction). From 1956 to 1960 the dusts were produced by manual grinding in an agate mortar, below about 10 microns, starting from quartz from Quincinetto (near Ivrea, Province of Turin), containing about 99.5% quartz: particle size and composition were checked using an optical-petrographic technique, with identification of the free and total silica content. Subsequently, the dusts used for biological research were obtained by grinding coarse material with a cast iron pestle and planetary mills, agate and corundum jars. The grinding products were sized by means of centrifugal classification, using the selector developed by N. Zurlo, ensuring control of dust size both optically and by means of wet levigators and hydraulic classifiers (in cooperation with the Institute of Mines of Turin Polytechnic School). After 1990

KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zakiyah Zakiyah

2012-12-01

Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Duski Ibrahim

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

2016-01-01

26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

2009-11-15

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

2009-01-01

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang Jing

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

2002-12-01

This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

2006-01-01

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaoming

2005-01-01

The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

2001-01-01

Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

2017-12-22

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Progresso tecnico, forme di mercato e disoccupazione. ( Technical progress, market forms and unemployment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. ASIMAKOPULOS A.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Lo scopo del presente lavoro è triplice . Il primo obiettivo è quello di sottolineare l'importanza delle intuizioni da trovare nel lavoro di Sylos Labini . Il secondo scopo è quello di espandere su di essa distinguendo tra i diversi tipi di progresso tecnico . Infine , il terzo obiettivo è quello di commentare il confronto di Labini di Ricardo e Keynes sulla possibilità di disoccupazione tecnologica . Per quanto riguarda la sua descrizione del progresso tecnologico come " risparmio di lavoro " , l'autore mostra che una descrizione più completa sarebbe più utile per i suoi scopiThe purpose of the present paper is threefold. The first purpose is to emphasise the importance of the insights to be found in Sylos Labini’s work. The second purpose is to expand upon it by distinguishing  between the different types of technical progress. Finally, the third purpose is to comment on Labini’s comparison of Ricardo and Keynes on the possibility of technological unemployment. Regarding his description of technological progress as “labour saving”, the author shows that a more comprehensive description would be more useful for his purposes.JEL: E24, J64, O33

Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

2017-11-01

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmad Fawaid

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

La carriera di un economista. che cosa? Perchè? Come? (An economist’s career: what? why? how?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. TRIFFIN

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustrieconomisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziate nel 1979. In esso Robert Triffin fornisce riflessioni personali sulla sua carriera, il suo marchio personale di economia pratici, e la sua filosofia di vita.The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Robert Triffin provides personal reflections on his career, his personal brand of practical economics, and his life philosophy.JEL: B31

Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reza Pahlevi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

2017-12-01

Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kingsley, L.M.

1980-04-01

Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

Tracing Al Shabaab’s Decision to Cooperate with Al Qaeda in Somalia (2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adlini Ilma Ghaisany Sjah

2014-02-01

Full Text Available 'Al Shabaab, a Somali insurgent with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnational [global Jihad] and Islamic goals made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with Al Shabaab’s previous behaviour of actively denying cooperation and distancing itself from Al Qaeda. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab’s decision through the use of process-tracing. The results show that Al Shabaab’s declaration of cooperation with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about by a series of events that traced back to four factors: public reactions to the implementation of a Salafi ideology, the shift to a radical leadership, Al Shabaab’s inability to maintain stability in areas under its control and its increasing attacks by Al Shabaab on the Somali public. Al Shabaab pursued cooperation with Al Qaeda after realizing that their nationalistic preference was no longer achievable in the near future.' ' '

All About ALS

Science.gov (United States)

... Subscribe August 2015 Print this issue All About ALS Understanding a Devastating Disorder En español Send us ... Sports Concussions Wise Choices How Can I Help ALS Research? If you have ALS, join the National ...

Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan, Jinsong

2007-01-01

This paper presents dynamics simulation results of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni 3 Al (Ni 73 Al 27 ) at temperature ranging from 1300 to 1550 K. The interatomic forces are described by the Finnis-Sinclair type N-body potentials. Particular attention is devoted to the effect of the extra 2% of Al atoms sitting on the Ni sublattice as antisite point defects (Al Ni ) on diffusion. Simulation results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through the Ni sublattice at the temperatures investigated. Al atoms diffuse via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanisms. The contribution to Al diffusion from the ASB mechanism decreases at the lower temperature (T Ni ) enhances both Al and Ni diffusion in Ni 73 Al 27 . The Ni-Al coupled diffusion effect is observed and understood at the atomic level for the first time

Methodology and Characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsirby AllamaIbn al-Jawzī (Urdu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Muhammad Riaz al Azhari

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of AllamaIbn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbabal-Nuz┴l,Makki and MadaniSurah’s (chapters, the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikhwal-mans┴kh and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described. `

Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

2018-03-01

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

Eutectic microstructures of Al-ThA13 and Al-UA14 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, R.R.; Ambrozio Filho, F.

1990-01-01

This paper deals on the microstructures of systems Al-ThAl3 and Al-UAL4, which are composed by a non faceted phase (aluminium) and an intermetallic phase (ThAl3 or UAL4) which is normally faceted phase. (C.M.)

Interface reactions in the Al-Si-SiC and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, P.K. [Commission of the European Communities, Petten (Netherlands). Inst. for Advanced Materials; Fazal-Ur-Rehman [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Fox, S. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Flower, H.M. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; West, D.R.F.

1995-12-31

Structural and compositional observations are reported on the influence of the interfaces on the mechanisms and kinetics of liquid metal-ceramic reactions in Al-SiC, Al-Si-SiC, Mg-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites. The aluminium based materials contained up to 20 vol% SiC in particulate form, and were produced by a spray casting process; subsequently the interface reactions were studied in samples heated to temperatures up to 1100 C. The reaction product was Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} in both Al-SiC and Al-Si-SiC composites. The influence of the crystallography and topology of the SiC particle surfaces on the nucleation of the Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} has been demonstrated; surface asperities play an important role. Growth of nuclei proceeds to form continuous reaction product layers which control the subsequent kinetics. The magnesium based composites contained 5 vol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibres (3 {mu}m in diameter), and were produced by a liquid infiltration process. SD Safimax fibres with relatively low and high porosity, and also RF Saffil fibres, with a silica binder, were investigated. Fibre porosity plays a major role in accelerating the penetration of Mg into the fibres with reaction to form MgO. Silica binder on the fibre surface transforms to MgO. The reaction rate was reduced by the presence of aluminium in the matrix. The factors controlling the reactions in the aluminium and magnesium based composites are compared. (orig.)

Il Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giancarlo Francini

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Nel corso del presente articolo vengono descritte le premesse epistemologiche e le metodologie adottate dagli operatori del Servizio Intercultura dell’Istituto di Terapia Familiare di Firenze (ITFF nel lavoro con la popolazione migrante ed elencati gli interventi fatti nel territorio. Il Servizio Intercultura dell’ITFF si è interrogato in questi anni sul valore della cultura come porta d’ingresso nel rapporto con il migrante; nel chiedere loro di narrare aspetti della loro cultura condividiamo aspetti della nostra cultura. L’incontro con il malinteso, che come dice Jankelevitch «(… è un quasi niente» (Jankelevitch, 1987, p. 233, perché se fosse stato qualcosa di più ce ne saremmo accorti e se fosse qualcosa di meno non sarebbe significativo, ci permette di aprirci a un rapporto che cambia entrambi, operatore e migrante, nella relazione. È nella relazione e attraverso il racconto dell’evento migrazione e del ciclo di vita che si costruisce e si cerca un linguaggio comune per la descrizione e l’espressione del disagio. Il lavoro con i migranti deve fare i conti con le difficoltà legate all’impiego, alla casa, al permesso di soggiorno e non ultimo alla brevità di alcuni incontri, perché per alcuni la nostra città è solo una tappa di un percorso che continua alla ricerca di una sistemazione migliore. Nel territorio di Firenze sono stati messi a punto una serie di servizi: oltre alla clinica e a uno sportello di consulenza, ci si dedica alla formazione degli operatori che lavorano con i migranti. Esempi di queste attività sono: un progetto di peer tutoring in alcune scuole superiori, uno di formazione per le assistenti sociali al fine di proporre un protocollo più efficace di presa in carico dei migranti, una serie di focus group con dipendenti Asl all’interno del progetto “Mamma segreta” della regione Toscana; inoltre, la collaborazione con le associazioni presenti sul territorio ha permesso un contatto

Innovazioni finanziarie e organizzazione delle transazioni nel mercato azionario. (Financial innovations and the organisation of stock market trading

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.A. KREGEL

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Gli economisti non sono mai stati troppo interessato alle istituzioni che compongono i mercati o al  processo di formazione dei prezzi in essi , avendo invece scelto di studiare la possibilità dell'esistenza di " equilibrio " prezzi in condizioni di concorrenza . Alla luce del recente crollo del mercato azionario , tuttavia , è chiaro che la Borsa di New York non è un mercato competitivo , nel senso di coinvolgere un numero sufficientemente elevato di acquirenti e venditori in modo che nessuna singola operazione ha un impatto permanente sulla determinazione dei prezzi. Questo lavoro suggerisce che è i recenti cambiamenti nella struttura di mercato concorrenziale , che hanno aumentato la volatilità dei prezzi e reso difficile , se non impossibile , per il sistema di " specialista " la formazione dei prezzi al lavoro. Proposte di cambiamento nell'organizzazione del mercato di scambio devono pertanto essere giudicati rispetto delle vigenti condizioni di concorrenza imperfetta , piuttosto che il mercato perfetto idealeEconomists have never been overly interested in either the institutions comprising markets or the process of price formation in them, having instead chosen to study the possibility of the existence of “equilibrium” prices under competitive conditions. In light of the recent stock market crash, however, it is clear that the New York Stock Exchange is not a competitive market in the sense of engaging a sufficiently large number of buyers and sellers so that no individual transaction has a permanent impact on the determination of prices. This work suggests that it is the recent changes in competitive market structure which have increased the volatility of prices and made it difficult, if not impossible, for the “specialist” system of price formation to work. Proposals for change in the organisation of market trading should thus be judged relative to the prevailing imperfectly competitive conditions, rather than the ideal

KONSTRUKSI FIQH BUKHARI DALAM KITAB AL-JAMI’ AL-SHAHIH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdul Sattar

2011-06-01

Popularitas Imam Bukhari sebagai penyusun kitab Hadits memiliki posisi yang tinggi di kalangan masyarakat muslim. Kitab Al-Jami ‘al-Shahih karya Imam  Bukhari dianggap sebagai koleksi hadits terbaik setelah Quran. Namun, tidak ada banyak informasi tentang kemampuannya di bidang Hukum Islam (fiqh. Ada beberapa pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan dalam hal tersebut;  pertama, apakah pemikiran Imam Bukhari dipengaruh salah satu dari empat fuqaha Sunni saat menulis al-Jami ‘al-Shahih?. Kedua, apa yang diupayakan Imam Bukhari untuk mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif, verifikatif dan hermenetical, artikel ini akan mengungkapkan bahwa Imam Bukhari tidak berada di bawah pengaruh madhab tertentu dalam mengartikulasikan pemikirannya tentang hukum Islam. Dia mengartikulasikan pandangannya dengan cara yang unik dan execelent berdasarkan kapasitasnya sebagai muhaddits.

La "historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus" en los Masalik al-Absar

OpenAIRE

Molina, Luis

2005-01-01

[ES]Los Masalik al-absar de Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari incluyen un breve resumen de la Historia de los omeyas de al-Andalus. En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones textuales entre ese pasaje y el Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan, crónica que resulta ser la fuente casi única utilizada por al-`Umari para redactar ese capítulo. [EN]The Masalik al-absar by Ibn Fadl Allah al-`Umari contains a brief summary of the Umayyad history in al-Andalus. In this article, the textual relationship between this p...

Cryptanalysis of Lin et al.'s Efficient Block-Cipher-Based Hash Function

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, Bozhong; Gong, Zheng; Chen, Xiaohong; Qiu, Weidong; Zheng, Dong

2010-01-01

Hash functions are widely used in authentication. In this paper, the security of Lin et al.'s efficient block-cipher-based hash function is reviewed. By using Joux's multicollisions and Kelsey et al.'s expandable message techniques, we find the scheme is vulnerable to collision, preimage and second

From Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq to Kitāb al-dawā’ir: Reconsidering Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī’s Philosophical Treatise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliyahu, Ayala

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The philosophical treatise known as Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq is generally ascribed to the 12th century Andalusian author Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyawsī, although this attribution is sometimes contested. This paper offers a new interpretation of the title, textual history, authorship, sources, and literary genre of this treatise, on the basis of new textual evidence, a reexamination of known evidence, and a comparison between the treatise and Batalyawsī’s works. The conclusions of this study are first, that Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq was not the treatise’s original title, and therefore it should be renamed Kitāb al-dawā’ir; second, that Kitāb al-dawā’ir was originally part of (one of the versions of Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-masā’il; and third, that the textual and stylistic similarities between this treatise and Batalyawsī’s other works prove the authenticity of the treatise’s attribution to Batalyawsī. In addition, new findings regarding Batalyawsī’s use of formulas from the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Safā, in Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il provide further evidence for the deep impact of the Ikhwān on Batalyawsī’s thought, as well as for the close connection between Kitāb al-dawā’ir and Kitāb al-masā’il. This connection is further highlighted according to the attribution of both treatises to the genre of questions and answers in Arabic literature. The evidence gathered in this paper supports the claim that Batalyawsī’s Kitāb al-dawā’ir should be seen as an integral part of his literary oeuvre, as well as of Andalusian philosophical literature in general.Generalmente el tratado filosófico conocido como Kitāb al-ḥadā’iq se asocia al autor andalusí del siglo XII Ibn al-Sid al-Batalyawsī, aunque esta atribución ha sido discutida en ocasiones. Este artículo ofrece una nueva interpretación del título, la historia del texto, la autoría, las fuentes e incluso del género literario al que se

Theory and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Aluminum Coordination Complexes – Al K-Edge Studies of Charge and Bonding in (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlR2, and (BDI)AlX2 Complexes.

Science.gov (United States)

Altman, Alison B; Pemmaraju, C D; Camp, Clément; Arnold, John; Minasian, Stefan G; Prendergast, David; Shuh, David K; Tyliszczak, Tolek

2015-08-19

Polarized aluminum K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and first-principles calculations were used to probe electronic structure in a series of (BDI)Al, (BDI)AlX2, and (BDI)AlR2 coordination compounds (X = F, Cl, I; R = H, Me; BDI = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-diketiminate). Spectral interpretations were guided by examination of the calculated transition energies and polarization-dependent oscillator strengths, which agreed well with the XANES spectroscopy measurements. Pre-edge features were assigned to transitions associated with the Al 3p orbitals involved in metal-ligand bonding. Qualitative trends in Al 1s core energy and valence orbital occupation were established through a systematic comparison of excited states derived from Al 3p orbitals with similar symmetries in a molecular orbital framework. These trends suggested that the higher transition energies observed for (BDI)AlX2 systems with more electronegative X(1-) ligands could be ascribed to a decrease in electron density around the aluminum atom, which causes an increase in the attractive potential of the Al nucleus and concomitant increase in the binding energy of the Al 1s core orbitals. For (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 the experimental Al K-edge XANES spectra and spectra calculated using the eXcited electron and Core-Hole (XCH) approach had nearly identical energies for transitions to final state orbitals of similar composition and symmetry. These results implied that the charge distributions about the aluminum atoms in (BDI)Al and (BDI)AlH2 are similar relative to the (BDI)AlX2 and (BDI)AlMe2 compounds, despite having different formal oxidation states of +1 and +3, respectively. However, (BDI)Al was unique in that it exhibited a low-energy feature that was attributed to transitions into a low-lying p-orbital of b1 symmetry that is localized on Al and orthogonal to the (BDI)Al plane. The presence of this low-energy unoccupied molecular orbital on electron-rich (BDI)Al distinguishes

Sludge combustion in fluidized bed reactors at laboratory scale; Esperienze di combustione di fanghi in reattori a letto fluido in scala di laboratorio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chirone, R.; Cammarota, A. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Naples (Italy)

2001-03-01

fanghi. Da un lato si e' caratterizzata l'entita' dei fenomeni di comminuzione delle particelle grossolane, dall'altro si sono condotte prove stazionarie di incenerimento in un reattore a letto fluido bollente da 40 mm di diametro. Il comportamento dei fanghi e' stato confrontato con quello di altri combustibili di interesse quali uno ricavato dai pneumatici (TDF), una biomassa dell'area mediterranea (Robinia Pseudoacacia) e un carbone bituminoso del Sud Africa. Le prove di combustione stazionaria sono state condotte alla temperatura di 850{sup 0}C, con una velocita' di fluidizzazione di 0.4 m/s e con differenti eccessi d'aria compresi fra il 14 e 98%. L'attivita' sperimentale ha indicato che con una opportuna scelta delle condizioni di esercizio il trattamento in letto fluidizzato di fanghi essiccati risulta un processo molto attraente. I fanghi hanno infatti mostrato una elevata efficienza di conversione del carbonio, maggiore del 98.9% per eccessi d'aria superiori al 20%, analoga a quella ottenuta in precedenti esperienze condotte in condizioni simili con un carbone Sudafricano (97-98%). Tali efficienze sono maggiori di quelle ottenute con un combustibile ricavato dai pneumatici (89-90%) e una biomassa, la Robinia Pseudoacacia (93-94%). Efficienze di combustione cosi' elevate possono essere interpretate considerando sia l'elevata reattivita' dei fanghi sia la bassa tendenza di questi a produrre particolato carbonioso durante la combustione.

Gli spazi marginali di un personaggio bizzarro: l’adattamento del romanzo Totò il buono

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matteo Martelli

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Il saggio propone uno studio del romanzo di Cesare Zavattini, Totò il buono, e della riscrittura filmica Miracolo a Milano (firmata da Zavattini stesso e Vittorio De Sica attraverso l’analisi della figura del protagonista, Totò, personaggio eccentrico e buono. In maniera particolare, a partire dalla presenza in entrambi i testi di spazi di marginalità culturale dai quali si costruiscono le qualità bizzarre del personaggio, il saggio descrive come il lavoro d’adattamento rielabori le formulazioni del romanzo attraverso l’introduzione di un punto di vista della tradizione, estetica e antropologica, del grottesco e del realismo popolare, integrando e spostando al tempo stesso il precedente stato di marginalità da uno spazio asociale alla valorizzazione, sul piano immaginario, di un’utopia comunitaria.

Introduzione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Roncaglia

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Con questo numero, Moneta e Credito riprende la sua regolare cadenza trimestrale dopo l'interruzione connessa al passaggio di proprietà dalla Banca Nazionale del Lavoro alla Associazione Paolo Sylos Labini. Abbiamo tentato di colmare tale interruzione con i numeri speciali per il 2008 e per il 2009 usciti nei mesi scorsi: nel primo caso con gli indici dei primi sessant'anni di vita delle riviste e due articoli introduttivi di ricostruzione del loro percorso (Roncaglia, 2008a e 2008b, nel secondo caso con una raccolta di articoli pubblicati negli ultimi anni su temi connessi alla crisi finanziaria ed economica che sarebbe poi esplosa e una breve introduzione per inquadrare questi contributi nel dibattito teorico più recente.   JEL Codes:  E44, G01 

Thermodynamic properties of Al-Mn, Al-Cu, and Al-Fe-Cu melts and their relations to liquid and quasicrystal structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaitsev, A I; Zaitseva, N E; Shimko, R Yu; Arutyunyan, N A; Dunaev, S F; Kraposhin, V S; Lam, Ha Thanh

2008-01-01

Thermodynamic properties of molten Al-Mn, Al-Cu and Al-Fe-Cu alloys in a wide temperature range of 1123-1878 K and the whole range of concentrations have been studied using the integral effusion method and Knudsen mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic functions of melts were described by the associated solution model. The possibility of icosahedral quasicrystal (i-QC) precipitation from liquid Al-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe alloys was found to be a consequence of the existence in liquid associates (clusters). A geometric model is suggested for the structure of associates in liquid

Percorsi del riconoscimento nel lavoro dell’insegnante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caterina Merola

2013-12-01

Full Text Available I believe that to undertake the work of recognition in educational practice with the students is necessary to dwell on the words. The words show evidence sometimes not directly comprehensible to the listener because it is necessary to go back to them: there is a well, a can not be perceived at a glance. The words hold representations of the world, telling the story of the specific distinctions and interconnections of meaning, in the density of hidden nodes and the warp chains which have their origin in the experience from each. The inner world, the emotions, the “emotional thoughts” with the moral roots, seeds already internalized bright and open to becoming, belonging to the uniqueness of each individual, they emerge from the narrative and create pathways of recognition. From this point you can take philosophical reflections in class in the construction of a work together as a theory of recognition.

Il posto del lavoro nella sicurezza sociale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandro Turcio

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The Italian labour market is crossed in various ways by flows of polarization pro- duced by neoliberal policies and the new economy of ICT. Main victims are wom- en, young people, immigrants, especially those labour forces residing in the South. Policies implemented by the government provide partial and sometimes contradic- tory answers. But what is necessary primarily in the South, in addition to the social and labour policies, is the stronger and structural activation of policies for creating demand and not only for increasing labour supply.

Sintering Behavior of CNT Reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 Nanocomposites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nouari Saheb

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Ball milling and spark plasma sintering were successfully used to produce carbon nanotube reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 nanocomposites which have potential applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, electronics, and high precision instrumentation. Al2124 and Al6061 nanocomposite powders containing 0.5 to 2 wt.% CNTs prepared through sonication and wet ball milling were spark plasma sintered at 400, 450, and 500°C for 20 minutes under a pressure of 35 MPa. CNTs were better dispersed, and less agglomerated and had good adhesion to the matrix in composites containing 1 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNT content to 2 wt.% led to the formation of CNT clusters which resulted in less uniform and homogenous composite powders. Almost full densification of Al6061 reinforced with CNTs was achieved at 500°C. Also, CNTs reinforced Al2124 nanocomposites reached very high densities at 500°C. Composites reinforced with 1 wt.% CNTs displayed better densification compared to composites containing 2 wt.% CNTs. The increase of CNTs content from 0.5 to 1 wt.% increased the hardness of the Al6061 and Al2124 alloys to maximum values. Further increase of CNTs content to 2 wt.% decreased the hardness to values lower than that of the monolithic alloys.

Tetragonal phase in Al-rich region of U-Fe-Al system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meshi, L.; Zenou, V.; Ezersky, V.; Munitz, A.; Talianker, M.

2005-01-01

A new ternary aluminide U 2 FeAl 20 with the approximate composition Al-4.2at% Fe-8.5at% U was observed in the Al-rich corner of the U-Al-Fe system. Transmission electron microscopy and electron microdiffraction technique were used for characterization of the structure of this phase. It has a tetragonal unit cell with the parameters a=12.4A and c=10.3A and can be described by the space group I4-bar 2m

Ilhaq al-Masa'il bi Nazairiha dan Penerapannya dalam Bahth al-Masa'il

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Ilh}a>q al-Masa>’il bi Naz}a>iriha is one of the methods used by Nahdlatul Ulama in resisting the opinion based on (manhaji analytical concept of Islamic jurisprudence (the solution for complex social problems as the main purpose of Islamic shari’ah. As known that, up to now, ilh}a>q has been understood as a process of answering a new case by the way of equating to the old one which is written in the book called al-mu’tabarah. Such ilh}a>q has got many criticisms both from the definitions, procedures and its epistemogical footing. This paper is about to reveal how the NU clerics of Islam understand the concept of Ilh}a>q}, what its epistemological footing was and how the concept was applied in discussing many cases (bah}th al-masa>’il. Based on the writer’s study to several documents of decision results of NU that Ilh}a>q did not only simplify to equate the new cases with the old ones that have been freely discussed in the books of al-mu’tabarah, but both cases should have similar legal substance, that is, both should be under the decrees of laws of al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Thus, Ilh}a>q is actually answering the problem by applying al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah, whereas the formulation al-qawa>‘id al-fiqhi>yah itself was set off from the examination of a number of furu>’ generated by qiya> s. This paper also found three variations of the implementation of Ilh}a>q in bah}th al-masa>’il. First, the application of Ilh}a>q was without mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah which covered new cases (mulh}aq and the old case law that has been known in the books of fiqh (mulh}aq bih/attached to. Second, the application of Ilh}a>q was accompanied by mentioning mulh}aq bih and al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah. Third, the application of Ilh}a>q, was only by the mentioning al-qawa> ‘id al-fiqhi>yah.

Nanoindentation studies of ex situ AlN/Al metal matrix nanocomposites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fale, Sandeep; Likhite, Ajay; Bhatt, Jatin

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Formation of in-situ phases nucleated on AlN particles strengthens the matrix. • Formation of in-situ phases increases with AlN content in nanocomposites. • Stronger in-situ phases results in increased hardness and modulus of elasticity. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline Aluminium nitride (AlN) powder is dispersed in different weight ratio in Aluminum matrix to fabricate metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) using ex situ melt metallurgy process. The synthesized Al–AlN nanocomposites are studied for phase analysis using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and for hardness behavior using microindentation and nanoindentation tests. Quantitative analysis of the oxide phases is calculated from thermodynamic data and mass balance equation using elemental data obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results. Role of oxide phases in association with AlN particles is investigated to understand the mechanical behavior of composites using nanoindentation tester. Load–displacement profile obtained from nanoindentation test reveals distribution of oxide phases along with AlN particle and their effect on indent penetration

Isothermal cross-sections of Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems at 673 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kutsenok, N.L.; Yanson, T.I.

1987-01-01

X-ray and microstructural analyses are used to study phase equilibria in Sr-Al-Ge and Ba-Al-Ge systems. Existence of SrAl 2 Ge 2 , Sr(Al, Ge) 2 Ba(Al, Ge) 2 , Sr 3 Al 2 Ge 2 , Ba 3 Al 2 Ge 2 ternary compounds is confirmed, a new BaGe 4 binary compound and also new ternary compounds of approximate composition Sr 57 Al 30 Ge 13 and Ba 20 Al 40 Ge 40 , which crystal structure is unknown, are detected. Aluminium solubility in SrAl 4 and BaAl 4 binary compounds (0.05 atomic fraction) is determined. Ba(Al, Ge) 2 compound homogeneity region is defined more exactly (aluminium content varies from 0.27 to 0.51 at. fractions)

Production of 26Al by spallation of Fe, Si, Al nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paillard, P.

1977-01-01

Cross sections for 7 Be, 10 Be and 26 Al formation in Al, Si and Fe targets bombarded with 0.6 and 24GeV protons have been measured by using highly selective chemical separation and low level background counters. Results for 26 Al at 0.6GeV are in mb: 17.9 + or - 2.7 in Al, 12.5 + or - 2.5 in Si and 0.45 + or - 0.14 in Fe; at 24GeV 2.6 + or - 0.5mb in Fe. Results for 10 Be are not valid on account of experimental difficulties. It is deduced from these values of aluminium in cosmic ray propagation that 26 Al is not yet cosmic ray chronometer [fr

143 - 148_Makeri et al.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2015-06-01

Jun 1, 2015 ... Yuan et al., 2003), antimicrobial activity (Sundarrao et al., 1993; Betancur-Galvis et al., 1999; Takashi et al., 2006), anti-parasitic, anti-malarial activities (Alali et al., 1998; Jaramillo et al., 2000; Luna et al.,. 2005). This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of extract of stem –bark and leaf extracts of Annona.

Phase relationships in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Ligang; Masset, Patrick J.; Cao Fuyong; Meng Fangui; Liu Libin; Jin Zhanpeng

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er in Al-rich region with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. → The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results. → It can be found that the resultant thermodynamic database can be applied to case studies of as-cast alloys, showing that the literature thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu-Er system is reliable as a working basis for computer-assisted alloy design. - Abstract: The Al-rich region of the ternary Al-Cu-Er system is investigated using the method of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Phase equilibria in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Er system at 673 K have been obtained, and the microstructures of as-cast alloys in the Al-rich region are also investigated. One ternary phase τ 1 -Al 8 Cu 4 Er with a composition of 59.4-60.4 at.% Al, 32.2-33.8 at.% Cu, and 6.4-7.7 at.% Er is observed in both as-cast and annealed alloys. At 673 K, the binary Al 3 Er phase dissolves about 3.51 at.% Cu. The calculated solidification paths (based on the CALPHAD method) of as-cast alloys are in agreement with the experimental results.

Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sherafat, Z.; Paydar, M.H.; Ebrahimi, R.; Sohrabi, S.

2010-01-01

In the present study, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Al/Al7075, two-phase material were investigated. The two-phase materials were fabricated by mixing commercially pure Al powder with Al7075 chips and consolidating the mixture through hot extrusion process at 500 o C. Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of the fabricated samples were evaluated using tensile and compression tests. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the fracture surface of the samples including different amount of Al powder, after they were fractured in tensile test. The results of the tensile and compression tests showed that with decreasing the amount of Al powder, the strength increases and ductility decreases. Calculation of work hardening exponent (n) indicated that deformation behavior does not follow a regular trend. In a way that the n value was approved to be variable and a strong function of strain and Al powder wt% of the sample. The results of the fractography studies indicate that the type of fracture happened changes from completely ductile to nearly brittle by decreasing the wt% of Al powder from 90% to 40%.

A Scholar from Saray: Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353–791/1389 in the Biographical Dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365–845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D.R. Zaynuddinov

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to introduce into academic circulation previously unknown source on the Golden Horde history. Research materials: biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365 – 845/1441 “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book. Results and novelty of the research: This article contains materials from the works of historians engaged in the narrative biography, which V.G. Tiesenhausen did not include in his “Collection of Materials on the Golden Horde history (extract from Arab writings”, although their writings contain very valuable information about the Golden Horde History. Research novelty consists in the fact that the author of this article presents one paragraph from biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, whose article number 421 provides information about a scholar from Saray – Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi. The author provides its translation and commentary referring to the more than ten medieval Arab sources. After receiving basic education at home, Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi traveled to many Eastern countries in search of knowledge and after having received high recognition he settled in Cairo as a teacher of Sharia Sciences. Despite the fact that his life was interrupted at an early age (36 years, he left a deep mark in science. His son Muhibbu al-Din (Cairo, 791/1389 – Mecca, Friday, the 3rd of Dhu al-Hijjah 859/13 November 1455 also became a great scholar as well as an imam of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay himself and other sultans after him. Nisba al-Sarayi sounded on the lips of the Ulema of the East as a symbol of learnedness and high temper. As a result of research it must be said that the study of life of Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353 – 791/1389 and the number of migrants from Desht-i Kipchak in Egypt will help researchers in a deeper and more detailed study of the Golden Horde history.

Improved AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown on Si Substrates Using Stacked AlGaN/AlN Interlayer by MOCVD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yong; Yu Nai-Sen; Li Ming; Lau Kei-May

2011-01-01

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are grown on 2-inch Si (111) substrates by MOCVD. The stacked AlGaN/AlN interlayer with different AlGaN thickness and indium surfactant doped is designed and optimized to relieve the tensile stress during GaN epitaxial growth. The top 1.0μm GaN buffer layer grown on the optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer shows a crack-free and shining surface. The XRD results show that GaN(002) FWHM is 480 arcsec and GaN(102) FWHM is 900 arcsec. The AGaN/GaN HEMTs with optimized and non-optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer are grown and processed for comparison and the dc and rf characteristics are characterized. For the dc characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, maximum drain current density I dss of 737mA/mm, peak transconductance G m of 185mS/mm, drain leakage current density I ds of 1.7μA/mm, gate leakage current density I gs of 24.8 μA/mm and off-state breakdown voltage V BR of 67 V are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/10/1/1 μm. For the small signal rf characteristics of the device with optimized AlGaN/AlN interlayer, current gain cutoff frequency f T of 8.3 GHz and power gain cutoff frequency f max of 19.9 GHz are achieved with L g /W g /L gs /L gd = 1/100/1/1 μm. Furthermore, the best rf performance with f T of 14.5 GHz and f max of 37.3 GHz is achieved with a reduced gate length of 0.7μm. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

La restituzione virtuale dell’architettura antica come strumento di ricerca e comunicazione dei beni culturali: ricerca estetica e gestione delle fonti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Borghini

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Raffaello Sanzio intuì per primo che il mondo antico, come lo vedevano i suoi occhi, non era che l’eco sbiadita di quella ricchezza che pur doveva caratterizzarne l’esperienza artistica. Oggi la tecnologia permette di realizzare il sogno di Raffaello e di restituire le immagini delle antiche architetture, rivoluzionando la percezione del patrimonio culturale da parte del pubblico moderno. La nostra esperienza decennale nel settore della comunicazione del bene culturale ha consentito di confrontarci con diversi casi: dalla Domus Aurea, all'Ara Pacis; dai filmati divulgativi agli applicativi pensati per le postazioni fisse dei musei, fino alla creazione di software per la gestione dei dati degli scavi archeologici. Sempre ponendo al centro di ogni lavoro i cardini del nostro modo di fare ricerca: l'attenzione al linguaggio, quale strumento di comprensione estetica, e la gestione informatizzata delle fonti, come apparato di studio e metodo di validazione scientifica delle ricostruzioni.[L’impostazione del saggio è comune ai due autori. In particolare, però, Stefano Borghini ha curato il paragrafo “Considerazioni generali”, mentre Raffaele Carlani “Alcune esperienze”].

I modelli istituzionali di integrazione musulmana in Europa e il caso dell’ “Islám italiano”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salvatore Prisco

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Il testo (ultimato il 24 febbraio 2011 fonde - aggiornandoli nella considerazione degli sviluppi successivi alle circostanze che hanno dato occasione alle rispettive trattazioni originarie - i temi svolti durante l’intervento nella tavola rotonda finale sul tema La Carta dei valori della cittadinanza e dell’integrazione (alla quale parteciparono, con chi scrive, Michele Lepri Gallerano, Massimo Papa e Giuseppe Verde, moderatore Raffaele Coppola al Convegno delle Università di Bari e del Salento sul tema Libertà religiosa e Multiculturalismo (Gallipoli, 29 febbraio-1 marzo 2008, i cui Atti sono in corso di pubblicazione nel volume omonimo, a cura di R. Coppola, V. Tondi della Mura, V. Turchi, ESI, Napoli, e nella relazione al Convegno sul tema La tutela dei minori di cultura islamica nell’area mediterranea. Aspetti sociali, giuridici, medici, organizzato dalla Facoltà di Studi arabo-islamici e del Mediterraneo dell’Università L’Orientale (Napoli, 28-29 ottobre 2009, i cui Atti sono anch’essi in via di pubblicazione. Il presente lavoro è destinato alla pubblicazione anche negli Studi in onore di Aldo Lojodice.

Konsepsi Ibnu Jarir Al-Tabari Tentang Al-Qur’an, Tafsir Dan Ta’wil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.M Ismatulloh

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research is to describe the concept of Ibnu Jarir al-Tabari about al-Qur’an, tafsir and ta’wil. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari is an outstanding expert in the classic Islamic tradition. His knowledge in hadits, fiqh, lughah, history, and tafseer is unquestionable. This study uses an analytical descriptive design. The findings show that: Firstly, in defining al-Qur’an, al-Tabari focused on the al-Qur’an as an Arabic language text, not in other language. Secondly, al-Qur’an is written in sab’ah ahruf. It means that there are 7 different kinds of language with the same meaning. Thirdly, al-Qur’an comes from seven heaven’s door. Fourthly, there is no different word between tafseer and ta’wil. They have same meaning. These concepts are different to other concepts proposed by other ulama.

Il fascino dell'economia (A fascination with economics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. BRUNNER

2013-12-01

Full Text Available l'articolo è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri economisti con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziate nel 1979. In esso Karl Brunner discute l' evoluzione del suo pensiero sul ruolo e l'uso dell'economia per quanto riguarda  tre problemi distintiThe paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Karl Brunner discusses the evolution of his thoughts on the role and use of economics with regards to three distinct problems. JEL: B31, A11

La vita di un economista. (The life of an economist

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.P. KINDLEBERGER

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Il documento è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri economisti  per Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review iniziate nel 1979. In esso Charles P. Kindleberger riflette sulla sua vita e la sua carriera , dai suoi anni formativi a sua esperienze nel mondo accademico .The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Charles P. Kindleberger reflects on his life and career, from his formative years to his experiences in academia.JEL: B31, A20 

Predicting glass-forming compositions in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gargarella, P.; de Oliveira, M.F.; Kiminami, C.S.; Pauly, S.; Kuehn, U.; Bolfarini, C.; Botta, W.J.; Eckert, J.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The glass-forming ability of the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems was studied using the λ* and the λ.Δe criteria. → Both criteria predicted with just 1% at. of error the best glass-former verified so far in the Al-La system. → Four new glass-former compositions could be predicted in the Al-La-Ni system using the λ.Δe criterion. → The best glass-former reported so far in the Al-La-Ni system was found. - Abstract: In this work, a criterion considering the topological instability (λ) and the differences in the electronegativity of the constituent elements (Δe) was applied to the Al-La and Al-Ni-La systems in order to predict the best glass-forming compositions. The results were compared with literature data and with our own experimental data for the Al-La-Ni system. The alloy described in the literature as the best glass former in the Al-La system is located near the point with local maximum for the λ.Δe criterion. A good agreement was found between the predictions of the λ.Δe criterion and literature data in the Al-La-Ni system, with the region of the best glass-forming ability (GFA) and largest supercooled liquid region (ΔT x ) coinciding with the best compositional region for amorphization indicated by the λ.Δe criterion. Four new glassy compositions were found in the Al-La-Ni system, with the best predicted composition presenting the best glass-forming ability observed so far for this system. Although the λ.Δe criterion needs further refinements for completely describe the glass-forming ability in the Al-La and Al-La-Ni systems, the results demonstrated that this criterion is a good tool to predict new glass-forming compositions.

Electric quadrupole moments of neutron-rich nuclei {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kameda, D., E-mail: kameda@ribf.riken.jp; Ueno, H. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Asahi, K.; Nagae, D.; Takemura, M.; Shimada, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshimi, A.; Nagatomo, T.; Sugimoto, T. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Uchida, M.; Arai, T.; Takase, K.; Suda, S.; Inoue, T. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Murata, J.; Kawamura, H. [Rikkyo University, Department of Physics (Japan); Watanabe, H. [Australian National University, Department of Nuclear Physics (Australia); Kobayashi, Y.; Ishihara, M. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)

2007-11-15

The electric quadrupole moments for the ground states of {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al have been measured by the {beta} ray-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance method. Spin-polarized {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al nuclei were obtained from the fragmentation of {sup 40}Ar projectiles at E/A = 95 MeV/nucleon, and were implanted in a single crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stopper. The measured Q moment of {sup 32}Al, |Q({sup 32}Al)| = 24(2) mb, is in good agreement with a conventional shell-model calculation with a full sd model space and empirical effective charges, while that of {sup 31}Al is considerably smaller than the sd calculations.

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S.; Zupanic, F.

2001-01-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation (α Al , β Si , Al 3 Sm, Al 2 Si 2 Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L → α Al + β Si + Al 2 Si 2 Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al 3 Sm → α Al + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm → α Al + Al 2 Si 2 Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON, Al10O3N8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banno, Hiroki; Funahashi, Shiro; Asaka, Toru; Hirosaki, Naoto; Fukuda, Koichiro

2015-01-01

The disordered crystal structure of 20H-AlON (Al 10 O 3 N 8 ) was determined by combined use of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The title compound is hexagonal with space group P6 3 /mmc (Z=2) and the unit-cell dimensions are a=0.307082(5) nm, c=5.29447(8) nm and V=0.432376(12) nm 3 . The structural model showed the positional disordering of three of the six Al sites in the unit cell. The reliability indices calculated from the Rietveld method were R wp =6.97%, S (=R wp /R e )=1.68, R p =5.45%, R B =5.13% and R F =4.56%. We interpreted the disordered structure of 20H-AlON as a statistical average of six different types of ordered structural configurations, which are composed of an octahedral [Al(O, N) 6 ] layer and tetrahedral [Al(O, N) 4 ] layers. We demonstrated the high correlations between the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions and the octahedral layer concentrations for AlON and SiAlON polytypoids. - Graphical abstract: Variations of a and c/(n O +n T ) with n O /(n O +n T ). The a and c are the hexagonal unit-cell dimensions of AlON, SiAlON and AlN. The n O and n T are, respectively, the numbers of octahedral and tetrahedral layers in the unit cells. The unit-cell dimensions in literature are plotted in black plus for AlON and black cross for SiAlON. The unit-cell dimensions of AlN are a=0.3110 nm and c=0.4980 nm. - Highlights: • Crystal structure of Al10O3N8 is determined by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. • The atom arrangements are represented by the split-atom model. • Six types of ordered atom arrangements are derived from the disordered structure. • Hexagonal unit-cell dimensions changed systematically for AlON and SiAlON compounds

Prinsip Pendidikan Karakter dalam Islam: Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dan Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agus Setiawan

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The impelemtantion of character education that is done by the Indonesian government recently has been provoked by al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji long ago. It was proven by some written thoughts of al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They were very famous scientists in their era and widely welknown as educational experts who produced some phenomenal thoughts many people use today. Al-Ghazali and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji lived in the era of Bani Abbasiyah monarchy, but Both of them lived in different era. Al-Ghazali was born first, then Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji. They had different mazhab, al-Ghazali went to the traditional principle of mazhab Syafi’I and Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji went to the modern principle of mazhab Hanafi. The differences, of course, would create a different thought. Still, they might have a similar principle of Islamic character education. The thoughts of character education of al-Ghazali have been poured in the “Ayyuha Walad” focusing to the students’ character building characterized by religiously obedient, skillfull of general and religious knowledge, socially helpful, affectionate, generous, good citizen, and coloring the society. Some applicable thoughts of character education of Ayyuha al-Walad of al-Gazhali to the contemporary education are: the balance of the happiness purposes of the recent life and the life after death, qana’ah and tawakal, affectionate, caring other, patience, honesty, philanthrophy, social works, generousity, democratic, peace makers, and patriotic. Those characters are also directed in the islamic character education nowdays. So that, the thoughts of al-Ghazali positively and responsively are absorbed by the Indonesian government to build the national character widely implementing in the national curriculum based on the local wisdom and the Islamic values. In the end, the students are able to live happily based on the Islamic rules by implementing the good behavior. Similar to the al

FRACTIONAL RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN DIRECTLY COLD ROLLED Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc AND Al-Mg-Sc-Zr ALLOY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. S. Kaiser

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of texture as a function of recrystallization has been characterized for directly cold rolled Al-6Mg, Al-6Mg-0.4Sc and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr alloys. Samples were annealed isothermally at 400 °C for 1 to 240 minutes to allow recrystallization. Recrystallization kinetics of the alloys is analyzed from the micro-hardness variation. Isothermally annealed samples of aluminum alloys were also studied using JMAK type analysis to see if there exists any correlation between the methods. Recrystallization fraction behavior between two methods the scandium added alloys show the higher variation due to precipitation hardening and higher recrystallization behavior. The scandium and zirconium as a combined shows the more variation due to formation of Al3(Sc, Zr precipitate. From the microstructure it is also observed that the base Al-Mg alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400 °C for 60 minutes

Chemical failure modes of AlQ3-based OLEDs: AlQ3 hydrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Knox, John E; Halls, Mathew D; Hratchian, Hrant P; Schlegel, H Bernhard

2006-03-28

Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III), AlQ3, is used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as an electron-transport material and emitting layer. The reaction of AlQ3 with trace H2O has been implicated as a major failure pathway for AlQ3-based OLEDs. Hybrid density functional calculations have been carried out to characterize the hydrolysis of AlQ3. The thermochemical and atomistic details for this important reaction are reported for both the neutral and oxidized AlQ3/AlQ3+ systems. In support of experimental conclusions, the neutral hydrolysis reaction pathway is found to be a thermally activated process, having a classical barrier height of 24.2 kcal mol(-1). First-principles infrared and electronic absorption spectra are compared to further characterize AlQ3 and the hydrolysis pathway product, AlQ2OH. The activation energy for the cationic AlQ3 hydrolysis pathway is found to be 8.5 kcal mol(-1) lower than for the neutral reaction, which is significant since it suggests a role for charge imbalance in promoting chemical failure modes in OLED devices.

Study on Mg/Al Weld Seam Based on Zn–Mg–Al Ternary Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liming Liu

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Based on the idea of alloying welding seams, a series of Zn–xAl filler metals was calculated and designed for joining Mg/Al dissimilar metals by gas tungsten arc (GTA welding. An infrared thermography system was used to measure the temperature of the welding pool during the welding process to investigate the solidification process. It was found that the mechanical properties of the welded joints were improved with the increasing of the Al content in the Zn–xAl filler metals, and when Zn–30Al was used as the filler metal, the ultimate tensile strength could reach a maximum of 120 MPa. The reason for the average tensile strength of the joint increasing was that the weak zone of the joint using Zn–30Al filler metal was generated primarily by α-Al instead of MgZn2. When Zn–40Al was used as the filler metal, a new transition zone, about 20 μm-wide, appeared in the edge of the fusion zone near the Mg base metal. Due to the transition zones consisting of MgZn2- and Al-based solid solution, the mechanical property of the joints was deteriorated.

Optical, structural, and nuclear scientific studies of AlGaN with high Al composition

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tse Yang; Chung, Yee Ling; Li, Lin; Yao, Shude; Lee, Y. C.; Feng, Zhe Chuan; Ferguson, Ian T.; Lu, Weijie

2010-08-01

AlGaN epilayers with higher Al-compositions were grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on (0001) sapphire. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylaluminium (TMAl) and NH3 were used as the source precursors for Ga, Al, and N, respectively. A 25 nm AlN nucleation layer was first grown at low-temperature of 590 °C at 300 Torr. Followed, AlxGa1-xN layers were grown at 1080 °C on low-temperature AlN nucleation layers. The heterostructures were characterized by a series of techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Precise Al compositions were determined through XRD, RBS, and SEM combined measurements. Room Temperature Raman Scattering spectra shows three major bands from AlGaN alloys, which are AlN-like, A1 longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, and E2 transverse optical (TO) band, respectively, plus several peak comes from the substrate. Raman spectral line shape analysis lead to an optical determination of the electrical property free carrier concentration of AlGaN. The optical properties of AlGaN with high Al composition were presented here.

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of Al--Nb and Al--Ta thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rai, A.K.; Bhattacharya, R.S.; Mendiratta, M.G.; Subramanian, P.R.; Dimiduk, D.M.

1988-01-01

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of thin, alternating layers of Al and Nb, as well as Al and Ta, were investigated by selected area diffraction and Rutherford backscattering. The individual layer thicknesses were adjusted to obtain the overall compositions as Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta. The films were ion mixed with 1 MeV Au + ions at a dose of 1 x 10 16 ions cm/sup -2/ . Uniform mixing and amorphization were achieved for both Al--Nb and Al--Ta systems. Equilibrium crystalline Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases were formed after annealing of ion mixed amorphous films at 400 0 C for 6 h. Unmixed films, however, remained unreacted at 400 0 C for 1 h. Partial reaction was observed in the unmixed film of Al--Nb at 400 0 C for 6 h. After annealing at 500 0 C for 1 h, a complete reaction and formation of Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases in the respective films were observed. The influence of thermodynamics on the phase formation by ion mixing and thermal annealing is discussed

Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Md. Toufiq Iqbal

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Aluminium ion (Al3+ toxicity and hydrogen ion (H+ activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8 and Al-sensitive (ES8 wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl3 and CaCO3 were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl3, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl3/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

Information of “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” by ad-Dimashqi about the Turkic Tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak »

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z.S. Ilyasova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article introduced into academic circulation information of such a historical source as “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” (Excerpts of Time on the Marvels of the Land and Sea on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. The material of the study is drawn from this source. Main scientific result of this work was the source’s translation into Russian accompanied by scientific comments. Sheikh Shams al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad Abu Talib al-Ansari al-Sufi al-Dimashqi was the author of this work. Some scholars have mistakenly confuse him with another chronicler named Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Yahya Ibn Fadlallah al-Omari al-Dimashqi. There is a widespread misconception that while writing on Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes al-Dimashqi used the data of such an author as Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Qutub al-Warraq al-Vatvat, also known as Ahmad al-Tini. After had studying the manuscripts of al-Tini and al-Dimashqi, we did not notice the connection between these two authors regarding their information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak. After had studying the information about Kipchak clans and Turkic tribes of Dasht-i Kipchak, we put forward the theory that 16 ethnonyms previously identified as Kipchak clans, are actually the etnonyms of eight Kipchak clans and eight Turkic tribes. The article also contains the extraction from “Nukhbat al-dahr fi ‘aja’ib al-barr wa-al-bahr” regarding the geography of Dasht-i Kipchak and the countries inhabited by the Turks. The following data are unique in this source: 1. The text describes such rivers as Ceyhun (Amu Darya, Seyhun (Syr Darya, Itil (Volga, as well as Khorezm and Khazar Seas (Aral and Caspian Seas. 2. Additionally, this text lists the following Turkic peoples: al-Kharlukhiya (Karluks, al-Khirgaziya (Kyrgyz, al-Kaymakiya (Kimaks, al-Guzziya (Oguz, al-Bazhanakiya (Pechenegs, al-Tuguzguziya (Uighurs, al-Khulkhiya (?, al

Studies on SiC(p) reinforced Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic matrix composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrom, A.K.; Foo, L.C.; Ismail, A.B.

1996-01-01

An investigation on processing of Al-5.69wt% Ni eutectic with SiC particulate composites is reported. The intermetallic composites are prepared by elemental powder metallurgy route and sintered at two different temperatures, i.e., 600 degree C and 620 degree C. Results show that the metal matrix was Al-Al sub 3 Ni eutectic. The phase analysis by XRD identified the presence of Al sub 3 Ni and Al as dominant phases together with silicon and Al sub 4 C sub 3 phase as minor phases. The Al sub 4 C sub 3 and Si phases are formed during sintering due to SiC-Al interface reaction. SEM micrographs also reveal the formation of microvoid surrounding the SiC particle

The constitution of alloys in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markoli, B.; Spaic, S. [Ljubljana Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering; Zupanic, F. [Maribor Univ. (Slovenia). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

2001-09-01

The constitution of alloys and the liquidus surface in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system were determined by the examination of controlled heated and cooled specimens, as well as heat-treated specimens by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system comprises five regions of primary crystallisation ({alpha}{sub Al}, {beta}{sub Si}, Al{sub 3}Sm, Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm and AlSiSm) with following characteristic invariant reaction sequences: ternary eutectic reaction L {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + {beta}{sub Si} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm, and two liquidus transition reactions, i. e., L + Al{sub 3}Sm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + AlSiSm, and L + AlSiSm {yields} {alpha}{sub Al} + Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}Sm. Along with the position of ternary eutectic and both interstitial points in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Si-Sm ternary system, the temperatures for each reaction were determined. (orig.)

Electronic Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

MIN Xinmin; REN Yi

2007-01-01

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation (DFT-DVM) method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state (DOS) shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SixAl1-x C has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al3p.

Pornographie als Metapher

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Schubarth

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.

Deletion of ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 increases adhesion of Candida albicans to human vascular endothelial and buccal epithelial cells

OpenAIRE

ZHAO, XIAOMIN; OH, SOON-HWAN; HOYER, LOIS L.

2007-01-01

C. albicans yeast forms deleted for ALS5, ALS6 or ALS7 are more adherent than a relevant control strain to human vascular endothelial cell monolayers and buccal epithelial cells. In the buccal and vaginal reconstituted human epithelium (RHE) disease models, however, mutant and control strains caused a similar degree of tissue destruction. Deletion of ALS5 or ALS6 significantly slowed growth of the mutant strain; this phenotype was not affected by addition of excess uridine to the culture medi...

Alpha and beta stabilizer character of Al in Zr-Nb-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peruzzi Bardella, A.; Bolcich, J.C.

1987-01-01

The T β/α+β of Zr5Nb and Zr5Nb2Al (weight %) were determined in order to observe the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in ternary Zr-Nb-Al alloys. Techniques employed were change of resistivity with temperature in dynamic experiences, and metallography of samples quenched to room temperature after isothermal annealings. The T β/α+β of the ternary resulted 17 ± 8 deg C higher than that of the binary alloy. In addition, taking into account the results of previous investigations of the transformation of beta on quenching Zr-Nb-Al alloys from the beta field to room temperature, it is concluded that the beta-stabilizer character of Nb is stronger than the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in these Zr alloys, and that the Al can have important influence on the mechanical properties by the appearance of TRIP effect. (Author) [es

Insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO gate dielectrics

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Son Phuong; Nguyen, Duong Dai; Suzuki, Toshi-kazu

2018-01-01

We have investigated insulator-semiconductor interface fixed charges in AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices with Al2O3 or AlTiO (an alloy of Al2O3 and TiO2) gate dielectrics obtained by atomic layer deposition on AlGaN. Analyzing insulator-thickness dependences of threshold voltages for the MIS devices, we evaluated positive interface fixed charges, whose density at the AlTiO/AlGaN interface is significantly lower than that at the Al2O3/AlGaN interface. This and a higher dielectric constant of AlTiO lead to rather shallower threshold voltages for the AlTiO gate dielectric than for Al2O3. The lower interface fixed charge density also leads to the fact that the two-dimensional electron concentration is a decreasing function of the insulator thickness for AlTiO, whereas being an increasing function for Al2O3. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between the interface fixed charges and interface states. From the conductance method, it is shown that the interface state densities are very similar at the Al2O3/AlGaN and AlTiO/AlGaN interfaces. Therefore, we consider that the lower AlTiO/AlGaN interface fixed charge density is not owing to electrons trapped at deep interface states compensating the positive fixed charges and can be attributed to a lower density of oxygen-related interface donors.

El pacto de no concurrencia en el derecho español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angel de Val Tena

2013-07-01

­gal de este pacto anexo al contrato de trabajo, en particular los requisitos legales para que se considere válido, que son: la presencia de un efectivo interés comercial o industrial del em­presario y que éste abone al trabajador una compensación económica adecuada, además de no superar una determinada duración máxima. Muy relevante es el tratamiento de los supues­tos y causas de extinción del pacto y, en especial, la responsabilidad contractual del trabaja­dor por incumplimiento injustificado del pacto, reparando en la indemnización civil de daños y perjuicios, caso de existir y probar los mismos, para lo que se sistematizan los criterios ju­risprudenciales. Riassunto – L’Autore analizza l’obbligo contrattuale di non concorrenza successivo all’estinzione del rapporto di lavoro. In primo luogo sottolinea la diversa origine e la diversa estensione di tale patto dal dovere legale di non concorrenza sleale. Poi studia la regolazione legale del patto annesso al contratto di lavoro, e in particolare i requisiti legali di validità: la presenza di un effettivo interesse commerciale o industriale del datore di lavoro, un adeguato compenso al lavoratore e una determinata durata massima. Speciale rilievo viene dato al trat­tamento delle diverse fattispecie di estinzione del patto di non concorrenza, alla responsabilità contrattuale del lavoratore per inadempimento del patto, all’indennizzo civile dei danni. A questo fine compie una sistematizzazione dei criteri desumibili dalla casistica giurisprudenzia­le.

Effects of Al(III and Nano-Al13 Species on Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rong Fu Chen

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT modified glass carbon electrode (GCE. The results showed that Al(III and Al13 can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III and Al13 concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III and Al13 on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Effects of Al(III) and nano-Al13 species on malate dehydrogenase activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xiaodi; Cai, Ling; Peng, Yu; Li, Huihui; Chen, Rong Fu; Shen, Ren Fang

2011-01-01

The effects of different aluminum species on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity were investigated by monitoring amperometric i-t curves for the oxidation of NADH at low overpotential using a functionalized multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) modified glass carbon electrode (GCE). The results showed that Al(III) and Al(13) can activate the enzymatic activity of MDH, and the activation reaches maximum levels as the Al(III) and Al(13) concentration increase. Our study also found that the effects of Al(III) and Al(13) on the activity of MDH depended on the pH value and aluminum speciation. Electrochemical and circular dichroism spectra methods were applied to study the effects of nano-sized aluminum compounds on biomolecules.

Fracture toughness of Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composites under static and cyclic loading conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Patselov, A. M.; Gladkovskii, S. V.; Lavrikov, R. D.; Kamantsev, I. S.

2015-10-01

The static and cyclic fracture toughnesses of a Ti-Al3Ti-Al-Al3Ti laminate composite material containing at most 15 vol % intermetallic compound are studied. Composite specimens are prepared by terminating reaction sintering of titanium and aluminum foils under pressure. The fracture of the titanium layers is quasi-cleavage during cyclic crack growth and is ductile during subsequent static loading.

Data supporting Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016,

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Data files representing each of the Figures and Tables published in Al-Abed et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2016, 3, 593. The data file names identify the Figure or...

Ti, Al

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In the present study, authors report on the effect that substrate bias voltage has on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, Al)N hard coatings deposited with cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) technique. The coatings were deposited from a Ti0.5Al0.5 powder metallurgical target in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere at ...

Growth of CdTe: Al films; Crecimiento de peliculas de CdTe: Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez A, M.; Zapata T, M. [CICATA-IPN, 89600 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Melendez L, M. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Pena, J.L. [CINVESTAV-IPN, A.P. 73 Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan (Mexico)

2006-07-01

CdTe: AI films were grown by the close space vapor transport technique combined with free evaporation (CSVT-FE). The Aluminum (Al) evaporation was made by two kinds of sources: one made of graphite and the other of tantalum. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The Al source temperature was varied maintaining the CdTe source temperature fixed as well as the substrate temperature. The films were characterized by x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), x-ray diffraction and optical transmission. The results showed for the films grown with the graphite source for Al evaporation, the Al did not incorporate in the CdTe matrix, at least to the level of EDAX sensitivity; they maintained the same crystal structure and band gap. For the samples grown with the tantalum source, we were able to incorporate the Al. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that the films have a crystal structure that depends on Al concentration. They were cubic up to 2.16 at. % Al concentration; for 19.65 at. % we found a mixed phase; for Al concentration higher than 21 at. % the films were amorphous. For samples with cubic structure it was found that the lattice parameter decreases and the band gap increases with Al concentration. (Author)

First-principles study of L10 Ti-Al and V-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chubb, S.R.; Papaconstantopoulos, D.A.; Klein, B.M.

1988-01-01

As a first step towards understanding the reduced embrittlement of L1 0 Ti-Al alloys which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V, we have determined from first principles, using full-potential linearized--augmented-plane-wave calculations, the equilibrium values of the structural parameters and the associated electronic structure for the stoichiometric (L1 0 ) Ti-Al (tetragonal) compound. Our calculated values of c/a and a are in good agreement with experiment. Using the same method of calculation, we have also studied the electronic structure associated with the (hypothetical) L1 0 V-Al alloy that would form when V is substituted for Ti. We find that (1) the electronic structures of these V-Al alloys are relatively insensitive to variations of c/a and a; (2) near the Ti-Al equilibrium geometry, the electronic structures of the V-Al and Ti-Al alloys are very similar; and (3) that a rigid-band model involving substitution of V for Ti can be used to gain a qualitative understanding of the reduction in c/a which accompanies the introduction of small concentrations of V. We relate the reduction in c/a to important changes in the bonding that accompany the occupation of bands immediately above the Fermi level of the stoichiometric Ti-Al compound

Kinetic studies of oxidation of MgAlON and a comparison of the oxidation behaviour of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM ceramics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Xidong; Seetharaman, S. [Div. of Metallurgy, Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm (Sweden); Li Wenchao [Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Univ. of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, BJ (China)

2002-06-01

The kinetics and morphology of the oxidation process of magnesium-aluminium oxynitride (MgAlON), aluminium oxynitride (AlON), O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2}, and BN-ZCM have been studied in the temperature range 1373-1773 K (ZCM=30 wt% ZrO{sub 2}, 52 wt% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 18 wt% 3 Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.2 SiO{sub 2}). Oxidation experiments with powder and plate samples of the above materials have been carried out in air. MgAlON shows the best resistance to oxidation at lower temperatures (< 1473 K), whereas at higher temperatures ({proportional_to} 773 K), AlON shows the best resistance. O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} shows very good oxidation resistance up to 1673 K. But its oxidation rate increases strongly above 1673 K, presumably due to the formation of liquid phase. BN-ZCM has the poorest oxidation resistance due to the evaporation of B{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The activation energies for the chemical oxidation reaction of AlON, MgAlON, and O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} are 214, 330 and 260 kJ/mol, respectively. The overall diffusion activation energies for AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO{sub 2} and BN-ZCM are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/mol, respectively. (orig.)

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin, Gaowu W.; Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli

2010-01-01

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The ε-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of α-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the γ-Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure ε-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 o C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure ε-AlMn, γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the ε-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the γ 2 -Al 8 Mn 5 phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 μm without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to ∼55 μm with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to ∼53 μm, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 o C.

Ibn Qutayba en al-Andalus. La préface à I 'Adab al-Kātib dans le commentaire d'Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soravia, Bruna

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Ibn Qutayba's preface to his Adab al-kātib has been considered for centuries the most important section of this work and it has been the object of many commentaries, both in the Muslim East and West. This paper deals with Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī´s commentary al-Iqtiḍāb, trying to show the peculiar way in which Ibn al-Sīd develops his own critique of Ibn Qutayba's controversial thesis on the relation between orthodoxy, falsafa and kalām. At the same time, the Andalusi author works out his own conception of adab, deeply influenced by his biographical experience. Finally a full translation of Ibn Qutayba's preface is proposed, half a century after G. Lecomte's partial one.

El prefacio de Ibn Qutayba a su Adab al-Kātib ha sido considerado durante siglos como el fragmento más importante de su obra, y ha sido objeto de muchos comentarios, tanto orientales como occidentales. Este artículo trata del comentario que Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī hizo de ese texto de Ibn Qutayba, e intenta mostrar la forma peculiar en que Ibn al-Sīd desarrolla su propia crítica a la polémica tesis de Ibn Qutayba sobre la relación entre ortodoxia, falsafa y kalām. Al mismo tiempo, el autor andalusí elabora su propia concepción del adab, profundamente influida por su experiencia biográfica. Para concluir, se presenta una traducción completa del prefacio de Ibn Qutayba, medio siglo después de la parcial realizada por G. Lecomte.

Interview als Text vs. Interview als Interaktion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnulf Deppermann

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Das Interview ist nach wie vor das beliebteste sozialwissenschaftliche Verfahren des Datengewinns. Ökonomie der Erhebung, Vergleichbarkeit und die Möglichkeit, Einsicht in Praxisbereiche und historisch-biografische Dimensionen zu erhalten, die der direkten Beobachtung kaum zugänglich sind, machen seine Attraktivität aus. Zugleich mehren sich Kritiken, die seine Leistungsfähigkeit problematisieren, indem sie auf die begrenzte Reichweite der Explikationsfähigkeiten der Befragten, die Reaktivität der Erhebung oder die Differenz zwischen Handeln und dem Bericht über Handeln verweisen. Im Beitrag wird zwischen Ansätzen, die das Interview als Text, und solchen, die es als Interaktion verstehen, unterschieden. Nach dem Text-Verständnis werden Interviews unter inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten analysiert und als Zugang zu einer vorgängigen sozialen oder psychischen Wirklichkeit angesehen. Das Interaktions-Verständnis versteht Interviews dagegen als situierte Praxis, in welcher im Hier und Jetzt von InterviewerInnen und Befragten gemeinsam soziale Sinnstrukturen hergestellt werden. Anhand ubiquitärer Phänomene der Interviewinteraktion – Fragen, Antworten und die Selbstpositionierung von InterviewerInnen und Befragten – werden Praktiken des interaktiv-performativen Handelns im Interview dargestellt. Ihre Relevanz für die Interviewkonstitution und ihre Erkenntnispotenziale für die Interviewauswertung werden aufgezeigt. Es wird dafür plädiert, die interaktive Konstitutionsweise von Interviews empirisch zu erforschen und methodisch konsequent zu berücksichtigen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1303131

Structure and phase composition of Al-Ce-Cu system alloys in range of quasi-binary Al-Al8CeCu4 section

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belov, N.A.; Khvan, A.V.

2007-01-01

The phase diagram of the Al-Cu-Ce system in the quasibinary section area of Al-Al 8 CeCu 4 has been investigated by metallographic, thermal, micro-X-ray spectral and X-ray structural analyses. The parameters of the eutectic reaction L→(Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 : T=610 Deg C were found out; the composition was 14% Cu and 7% Ce. This eutectics is of a disperse structure and the ternary compound contained is capable of fragmentation and spheroidizing in the heating process (starting from 540 Deg C). It was demonstrated that the area of optimal (Al)+CeCu 4 Al 8 eutectics-based alloy compositions was within the narrow limits. That is related to the fact that at a comparatively little variation of the Cu:Ce=2 ratio solidus sharply decreases and, as a result, the crystallization interval considerably extends [ru

Exhaust lead-acid batteries recycling as a tool of the environmental protection policy. Energy, environmental and economic issues; Il riciclaggio delle batterie al piombo-acido esauste come strumento della politica di salvaguardia ambiental. Aspetti energetici, ambientali ed economici

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Picini, P; Battista, A [ENEA, Divisione Caratterizzazione dell' Ambiente e del Territorio, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy)

2001-07-01

Lead is an heavy metal that has a major impact on human health and his removal from the environment is an important action for its protection. The aim of the present work is to provide a framework of the Italian lead recycling with respect to the economic and environmental aspects of COBAT activities (COBAT is the Mandatory Consortium to collect and recycle the exhaust lead-acid batteries and lead wastes). In order to better understand the context in which COBAT works, some statistical data on the lead production, consumption and end uses in Italy and in the world are provided. An estimate of the energy consumptions and the environmental impact related to Italian lead production was also carried out. [Italian] Il piombo e' uno dei metalli pesanti a maggiore impatto ambientale e sanitario e la sua rimozione dall'ambiente costituisce un'importante azione di protezione e tutela della salute umana. Lo scopo del presente lavoro e' quello di fornire un quadro di riferimento relativo al riciclaggio del piombo in Italia evidenziandone gli aspetti ambientali ed economici in relazione alle attivita' condotte dal COBAT (Consorzio Obbligatorio delle Batterie Esauste e dei rifiuti piombosi). In tal senso, per disporre di una visione piu' completa del contesto in cui si inserisce l'attivita' del Consorzio, vengono forniti alcuni dati di carattere statistico sulla produzione, sul consumo e sugli utilizzi del piombo in Italia e nel mondo e viene effettuata una stima dei consumi energetici e dell'impianto ambientale associati alla produzione di piombo nazionale.

Exhaust lead-acid batteries recycling as a tool of the environmental protection policy. Energy, environmental and economic issues; Il riciclaggio delle batterie al piombo-acido esauste come strumento della politica di salvaguardia ambiental. Aspetti energetici, ambientali ed economici

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Picini, P.; Battista, A. [ENEA, Divisione Caratterizzazione dell' Ambiente e del Territorio, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy)

2001-07-01

Lead is an heavy metal that has a major impact on human health and his removal from the environment is an important action for its protection. The aim of the present work is to provide a framework of the Italian lead recycling with respect to the economic and environmental aspects of COBAT activities (COBAT is the Mandatory Consortium to collect and recycle the exhaust lead-acid batteries and lead wastes). In order to better understand the context in which COBAT works, some statistical data on the lead production, consumption and end uses in Italy and in the world are provided. An estimate of the energy consumptions and the environmental impact related to Italian lead production was also carried out. [Italian] Il piombo e' uno dei metalli pesanti a maggiore impatto ambientale e sanitario e la sua rimozione dall'ambiente costituisce un'importante azione di protezione e tutela della salute umana. Lo scopo del presente lavoro e' quello di fornire un quadro di riferimento relativo al riciclaggio del piombo in Italia evidenziandone gli aspetti ambientali ed economici in relazione alle attivita' condotte dal COBAT (Consorzio Obbligatorio delle Batterie Esauste e dei rifiuti piombosi). In tal senso, per disporre di una visione piu' completa del contesto in cui si inserisce l'attivita' del Consorzio, vengono forniti alcuni dati di carattere statistico sulla produzione, sul consumo e sugli utilizzi del piombo in Italia e nel mondo e viene effettuata una stima dei consumi energetici e dell'impianto ambientale associati alla produzione di piombo nazionale.

Structural and electrical characterization of AuPtAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN with varying annealing temperature and Al content

OpenAIRE

Fay, Mike W.; Han, Y.; Brown, Paul D.; Harrison, Ian; Hilton, K.P.; Munday, A.; Wallis, D.; Balmer, R.S.; Uren, M.J.; Martin, T.

2008-01-01

The effect of varying annealing temperature and Al layer thickness on the structural and electrical characteristics of AuPtAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures has been systematically investigated. The relationship between annealing temperature, Al content, interfacial microstructure, surface planarity and contact resistance is\\ud examined. In particular, the presence of a detrimental low temperature Pt-Al reaction is identified. This is implicated in both the requirement for a higher Al:T...

Grain refining mechanism of Al-containing Mg alloys with the addition of Mn-Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin, Gaowu W., E-mail: qingw@smm.neu.edu.c [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China); Ren Yuping; Huang Wei; Li Song; Pei Wenli [Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Wenhu Road 3-11, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province (China)

2010-10-08

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: The {epsilon}-AlMn phase acts as the heterogeneous nucleus of {alpha}-Mg phase during the solidification of the AZ31 Mg alloy, not the {gamma}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain refinement effect is very clear with the addition of only 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy (pure {epsilon}-AlMn). The grain refinement does not deteriorate up to the holding time of 60 min at 740 {sup o}C. - Abstract: The effect of manganese on grain refinement of Al-containing AZ31 Mg alloy has been investigated by designing a series of Mn-Al alloys composed of either pure {epsilon}-AlMn, {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} or both of them using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is experimentally clarified that the grain refinement of the AZ31 Mg alloy is due to the existence of the {epsilon}-AlMn phase in the Mn-Al alloys, not the {gamma}{sub 2}-Al{sub 8}Mn{sub 5} phase. The grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy is about 91 {mu}m without any addition of Mn-Al alloys, but remarkably decreases to {approx}55 {mu}m with the addition of either Mn-34 wt% Al or Mn-28 wt% Al. With a minor addition of 0.5 wt% Mn-28Al alloy, the grain size of AZ31 alloy decreases to {approx}53 {mu}m, and the Mn-28Al alloy can be active as grain refiner for holding time up to 60 min for the melt AZ31 alloy at 750 {sup o}C.

AYAT-AYAT WAH}DAT AL-WUJUd dalam Kitab Tanbi>h al-Ma>shi Karya ‘Abdurrauf al-Sinkili

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asep Nahrul Musadad

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract: One of the key moments in discussing the history of Indonesian Islam is a polemic related to the negotiation on the doctrine of wahdat al-wujud that occured in Aceh in 17th century between the followers of Hamzah al-Fansuri and Nuruddin al-Raniri. This article focuses on analyzing several Qur’anic verses used by ‘Abdurrauf as the confirmation of his argument. In the polemical context, Abdurrauf al-Sinkili appeared to be an actor of reconciliation between two opposite sides. He tried to respond to the disputed issues through his book called “Tanbi>h al-Mashi”. As an exponent of the so-called moderate sufism (mysticism, he built the argument concerning wah}dat al-wujud based on the Quranic text. After making a thematic classification chronologically, his interpretation on these verses is analyzed by using Hussain al-Dhahaby’s theory of sufistic exegesis. In conclusion, it shows that ‘Abdurrauf’s commentary is “sufi-nazari type”, featured by his exegeses pattern. This, of course, represents his attitude as a reconciler who then needs to seek confirmation to the Qur’anic verses in evaluating wah}dat al-wujud doctrine, through which such a polemical issues occurred at that time. الملخص: إن من المرحلة الأساسية التي مرّ بها تاريخ الإسلام في اندونيسيا الجدل و النزاع حول عقيدة وحدة الوجود فى أتشيه (Aceh حول قرن السابع عشر بين أتباع حمزة الفنسوري و نور الدين الرانيري. ففي ذلك الخطاب النزاعي جاء عبد الرؤوف السنكيلي مصلحا بين الجانبين المعاكسين. وعلى مقتضى الظروف، كتب كتاب " تنبيه الماشي" الذي تطرّق فيه طريق التوسّط، ممثّلا للتصوّف المعتدل. اعتمد عبد الرؤوف على النصوص القرآنية فى تحقيق آراءه حول ت

Reviewing Medical Education in KamelAl-Senaat Al-Tebieh

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shahla Moradi

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Background and Objective: Among the human sciences, medicine is superior to all other sciences. One of the effective factors in education, especially in medical education is using appropriate textbooks. This study aims to consider a classic book of medical education and find its relevance to modern medicine. Materials and Methods: Reviewing and analyzing parts of Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh medical textbook. Results: This book has about four hundred thousand words and it was divided into twenty articles, each consisting of several chapters, first ten topics of which are about theoretical medicine, and others are information related to practical medicine. Conclusion: One of the most important obligations of every nation is to protect and preserve written and unwritten cultural and scientific resources Kamel Al-Senaat Al-Tebieh was written in one of the glorious periods of Iranian Medical History by Ali Ibn Abbas. It has a dignified position because of its recording method. This method is one of the best methods that is used after Ahvazi. Even today it is a valuable source of medical education.

Density and atomic volume in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plevachuk, Yu. [Ivan Franko National Univ., Lviv (Ukraine). Dept. of Metal Physics; Egry, I.; Brillo, J.; Holland-Moritz, D. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Koeln (Germany). Inst. fuer Raumsimulation; Kaban, I. [Chemnitz Univ. of Technolgy (Germany). Inst. of Physics

2007-02-15

The density of liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys have been determined over a wide temperature range by a noncontact technique combining electromagnetic levitation and optical dilatometry. The temperature and composition dependences of the density are analysed. A negative excess volume correlates with the negative enthalpy of mixing, compound forming ability and chemical short-range ordering in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloys. (orig.)

TEM characterization of Al-C-Cu-Al2O3 composites produced by mechanical milling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos-Beltran, A.; Gallegos-Orozco, V.; Estrada-Guel, I.; Bejar-Gomez, L.; Espinosa-Magana, F.; Miki-Yoshida, M.; Martinez-Sanchez, R.

2007-01-01

Novel Al-based composites (Al-C-Cu-Al 2 O 3 ) obtained by mechanical milling (MM), were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Analyses of composites were carried out in both, the as-milled and the as-sintered conditions. C nanoparticles were found in the as-milled condition and Al 2 O 3 nanofibers were found in as-sintered products, as determined by EELS. C and Cu react with Al to crystallize in Al 3 C 4 and Al 2 Cu structures, respectively

Formation of AlFeSi phase in AlSi12 alloy with Ce addition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Kores

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The influence of cerium addition on the solidification sequence and microstructure constituents of the Al-Si alloys with 12,6 mass % Si was examined. The solidification was analyzed by a simple thermal analysis. The microstructures were examined with conventional light and scanning electron microscopy. Ternary AlSiCe phase was formed in the Al-Si alloys with added cerium during the solidification process. AlSiCe and β-AlFeSi phases solidified together in the region that solidified the last. Cerium addition influenced on the morphology of the α-AlFeSi phase solidification.

Compressive performance and crack propagation in Al alloy/Ti{sub 2}AlC composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanaor, D.A.H., E-mail: dorian.hanaor@sydney.edu.au [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Hu, L. [Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Kan, W.H.; Proust, G. [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Foley, M. [Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Karaman, I.; Radovic, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States)

2016-08-30

Composite materials comprising a porous Ti{sub 2}AlC matrix and Al 6061 alloy were fabricated by a current-activated pressure assisted melt infiltration process. Coarse, medium and fine meso-structures were prepared with Al alloy filled pores of differing sizes. Materials were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading up to stresses of 668 MPa, leading to the failure of specimens through crack propagation in both phases. As-fabricated and post-failure specimens were analysed by X-ray microscopy and electron microscopy. Quasi-static mechanical testing results revealed that compressive strength was the highest in the fine structured composite materials. While the coarse structured specimens exhibited a compressive strength of 80% relative to this. Reconstructed micro-scale X-ray tomography data revealed different crack propagation mechanisms. Large planar shear cracks propagated throughout the fine structured materials while the coarser specimens exhibited networks of branching cracks propagating preferentially along Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces and through shrinkage pores in the Al alloy phase. Results suggest that control of porosity, compensation for Al alloy shrinkage and enhancement of the Al alloy-Ti{sub 2}AlC phase interfaces are key considerations in the design of high performance metal/Ti{sub 2}AlC phase composites.

Phase equilibria and crystalline structure of compounds in the Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuz'ma, Yu.B.; Stel'makhovich, B.M.; Galamushka, L.I.

1992-01-01

Phase equilibria and crystal structure of compounds in Lu-Al and Lu-Cu-Al systems were studied. Existence of Lu 2 Al compound having the structure of the PbCl 2 type is ascertained. Diagram of phase equilibria of Lu-Cu-Al system at 870 K is plotted. Compounds Lu 2 (Cu,Al) 17 (the Th 2 Zn 17 type structure), Lu(Cu,Al) 5 (CaCu 5 type structure), Lu 6 (Cu,Al) 23 (Th 6 Mn 23 type structure) and ∼ LuCuAl 2 have been prepared for the first time. Investigation of component interaction in Lu-Cu-Al system shows that the system is similar to previously studied systems Dy-Cu-Al and Er-Cu-Al. The main difference consists in the absence of LuCuAl 3 compound with rhombic structure of the CeNi 2+x Sb 2-x type in the system investigated

Un modello econometrico per il credito bancario alle famiglie in Italia (An econometric model for bank lending to households in Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luca Casolaro

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Questo lavoro presenta la stima di un modello econometrico per il credito bancario alle famiglie in Italia nel periodo 1984-2003. Il modello si compone di due equazioni: prestiti per l’acquisto di abitazioni e altri prestiti alle famiglie (tipicamente credito al consumo e finanziamenti in conto corrente. Entrambe le equazioni evidenziano uno stretto legame con l’andamento congiunturale dell’economia e il livello dei tassi di interesse reali; i mutui alle famiglie sono influenzati anche dalla dinamica del mercato immobiliare e di quello azionario. Il lavoro verifica l’esistenza di cambiamenti strutturali nelle equazioni in relazione alle trasformazioni intervenute nel mercato del credito nella seconda parte degli anni novanta e scompone il contributo alla crescita del credito alle famiglie tra i diversi fattori.  This paper presents the estimation of an econometric model for bank lending to households in Italy in the period 1984-2003. The model consists of two equations: loans for house purchase and other loans to households (typically consumer credit and loans in the current account. Both equations show a close relationship with the economic trend and the level of real interest rates; household mortgages are also influenced by the dynamics of the housing market and the equity market. The work verifies the existence of structural changes in the equations in relation to the changes occurred in the credit market in the second half of the nineties and breaks down the contribution to growth in lending to households between the different factors.  JEL Codes: D12, G21Keywords: credito bancario, famiglie, prestiti, modello econometrico

Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP): An Al Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

Villarosa, Al-Qaeda in Yemen, Carnegie Endowment, July 7, 2009, http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in-yemen- event-1372. 53 Brian Whitaker...73 Khaled Fattah, “Yemen’s Insecurity Dilemma,” Yemen Times, February 11, 2014, http:// carnegie -mec.org/2014/02...Johnsen, and Shari Villarosa, “Al-Qaeda in Yemen.” Carnegie Endowment. July 7, 2009. http://carnegieendowment.org/2009/07/07/Al-Qaeda-in- yemen-event

Formation of epitaxial Al 2O 3/NiAl(1 1 0) films: aluminium deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Lykhach, Y.; Moroz, V.; Yoshitake, M.

2005-02-01

Structure of epitaxial Al 2O 3 layers formed on NiAl(1 1 0) substrates has been studied by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The elucidated structure was compared to the model suggested for 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers [K. Müller, H. Lindner, D.M. Zehner, G. Ownby, Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 25 (1990) 1130; R.M. Jaeger, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, Surf. Sci. 259 (1991) 235]. The stepwise growth of Al 2O 3 film, involving deposition and subsequent oxidation of aluminium onto epitaxial 0.5 nm-thick Al 2O 3 layers, has been investigated. Aluminium was deposited at room temperature, whereas its oxidation took place during annealing at 1070 K. The Al 2O 3 thickness was monitored by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was found that Al 2O 3 layer follows the structure of 0.5 nm thick Al 2O 3 film, although a tilting of Al 2O 3(1 1 1) surface plane with respect to NiAl(1 1 0) surface appeared after Al deposition.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Science.gov (United States)

Lou Gehrig disease; ALS; Upper and lower motor neuron disease; Motor neuron disease ... One out of 10 cases of ALS is due to a genetic defect. The cause is unknown in most other cases. In ALS, motor nerve cells (neurons) waste away ...

Pemikiran Politik al-Shawkânî dalam Fath al-Qadîr

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yusuf Hanafi

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Muhammad b. ‘Alî Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allâh al-Shawkânî al-San‘ânî. He was born in the Hijrah in Shawkân village, Yemen on Monday 28 Dhû al-Qa‘dah 1172 H and died on Tuesday, 27 Jumâd al-Akhîr 1250 H at the age about 78 years. Al-Shawkânî grew up in the San‘a city, it is the capital of the republic of Yemen now. He study first time about religion from his father, then from renowed scholars in San‘a and its surrounding, he was known as a scolar who mastered the various branches of religious sciences. Such as tafsîr, h}adîth, fiqh, us}ûl al-fiqh, history, science of kalâm, philosophy, balâghah, mant}iq etc. the main issue in this article is how political thought in the book of tafsir Fath al-Qadîr is the work of Shawkânî. At the end of article, the authors found that the intended political thinking in the study of Fath al-Qadîr is about constitutional ideas. These ideas about the constitution is limited to the concept of leadership and deliberation, the concept of the right of citizen to obtain justice, and the concept pf the right of citizens to live association and assembly

Oxidation behavior of Al/Cr coating on Ti2AlNb alloy at 900 °C

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhengang; Liang, Wenping; Miao, Qiang; Chen, Bowen; Ding, Zheng; Roy, Nipon

2018-04-01

In this paper, the Al/Cr coating was fabricated on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy via rf magnetron sputtering and double glow treatment to enhance oxidation resistance. The protective coating with an outer layer of Al and inner layer of Cr has great bonding strength due to the in-diffusion of Cr and the inter-diffusion between Al and Cr to form Al-Cr alloyed layer which has great hardness. Acoustic emission curve which was detected via WS-2005 scratch tester indicates the bonding strength between Al/Cr coating and substrate is great. Morphology of Ti2AlNb alloy with Al/Cr coating after scratch test shows that the scratch is smooth without disbanding, and the depth and breadth of scratch are changed uniformly. The mass change was reduced after oxidation test due to the Al/Cr protective coating. Isothermal oxidation test at 900 °C was researched. Results indicate that Al/Cr coating provided oxidation resistance of Ti2AlNb alloy with prolonged air exposure at 900 °C. Al2O3 was detected by XRD patterns and SEM images, and was formed on the surface of Ti2AlNb alloy to protect substrate during oxidation test. A certain content of Cr is beneficial for the formation of Al2O3. Besides, Cr2O3 was produced under Al2O3 by outward diffusion of Cr to protect substrate sequentially, no cracks were discovered on Al/Cr protective coating. The process of Ti outward diffusion into surface was suppressive due to integration of Cr-Ti and Al-Ti intermetallics. A steady, adherent and continuous coated layer of Al/Cr on Ti2AlNb alloy increases oxidation resistance.

"Francesco Messina" Archaeological Collection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Calafato

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Con il presente lavoro le Autrici mirano ad illustrare il processo di formazione e le vicende della Collezione Archeologica “Francesco Messina”. Il nucleo centrale dello studio riguarda, infatti, la documentazione d’archivio, inedita, raccolta presso l’Archivio Messina: tali documenti gettano luce sulla figura di Francesco Messina come collezionista, fornendo preziosi elementi utili a ricostruire la storia della sua collezione archeologica. Oltre ad una succinta riflessione sul rapporto fra oggetti collezionati e opere create dall’artista, a completare il lavoro, una nota biografica e una breve digressione sull’influenza dell’arte classica nell’opera di Francesco Messina, con lo scopo di meglio contestualizzare la Collezione e le ragioni che spinsero lo scultore a collezionare oggetti antichi.

EBooks and Elearning: a new chapter?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Akeroyd

2012-07-01

Full Text Available EnThis paper reviews the current use of ebooks in elearning environments looking especially at the development of ereaders such as the Amazon kindle and the Ipad. It details the problems involved and argues that the emerging epub3 standard will be capable of resolving these concerns. Finally different eBook sales models are listed and the impact on institutions addressed.ItQuesto lavoro prende in esame l’uso degli e-book nell’ambiente dell’e-learning e guarda specificatamente allo sviluppo degli e-readers quali Amazon Kindle e Ipad. Affronta in modo dettagliato i problemi connessi al loro utilizzo e sostiene che lo standard emergente epub3 sara’ capace di risolvere queste problematiche. Inoltre vengono indicati diversi modelli di vendita degli ebook e l’impatto che questi possono avere sulle Istituzioni cui si rivolgono.

Habitar íntimo: a poesia de Eduardo Dall’Alba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lúcia de Oliveira

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Eduardo Dall’Alba (1963-2013 ha pubblicato oltre dieci libri, tra saggi e poesia, ed ha ricevuto diversi premi. Appartiene ad una famiglia di emigranti veneti stabilitosi del Rio Grande do Sul alla fine dell’Ottocento. È un profondo conoscitore della letteratura italiana, studioso di Dante, Eduardo è riuscito a fondere le due culture e identità, quella brasiliana a quella italiana. Qui desidero enfatizzare come la poesia di quest’autore recupera il vissuto rimosso e senza voce di migliaia di italiani emigrati al sud del Brasile, con il loro dolore e la loro frustrazione per aver abbandonato la propria terra, la nostalgia e l’ossessione di autosufficienza economica che si otteneva tramite il lavoro incessante di tutti i componenti della famiglia, il cui dialetto – o dialetti – erano visti quale elemento agglutinante delle prime comunità.

Introduzione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Roncaglia

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Con questo numero, Moneta e Credito prosegue la sua nuova vita dopo l’interruzione connessa al passaggio di proprietà dalla Banca Nazionale del Lavoro all’Associazione Paolo Sylos Labini. Tale interruzione è stata colmata con i numeri speciali per il 2008 e per il 2009 usciti negli ultimi mesi dell’anno scorso. Il numero speciale per il 2008 contiene gli indici dei primi sessant’anni di vita delle riviste e due articoli introduttivi di ricostruzione del loro percorso (Roncaglia, 2008a e 2008b; quello per il 2009 presenta una selezione di articoli pubblicati negli ultimi anni su temi connessi alla crisi finanziaria ed economica che sarebbe poi esplosa, con una breve introduzione per inquadrare questi contributi nel dibattito teorico più recente.  JEL Codes:  F3, G1, N1,  B5

¿COLOMBIA DEBE APOSTARLE AL SOFTWARE LIBRE, AL DE FUENTE ABIERTA O AL PROPIETARIO?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Alberto Girón Murillo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Es complejo para gestores y administradores conocer las implicaciones que la adopción de modelos de desarrollo de software tendría para una región. Este artículo ofrece una evaluación de las implicaciones dinámicas que para el desarrollo de software de una región tendría el apostar de forma excluyente al software libre, al software de fuente abierta y al software propietario. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación en Vensim de la dinámica de sistemas en donde se evaluaron 3 escenarios: uno en donde se adopta de forma excluyente el software libre, uno en donde se adopta el software propietario y uno en donde se adopta el software de fuente abierta. Se ofrecen descripciones y explicaciones de los resultados que sugieren las potencialidades de cada uno de los modelos de desarrollo evaluados.

Investigation of annealing treatment on the interfacial properties of explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honarpisheh, M.; Asemabadi, M.; Sedighi, M.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We studied explosive-welded Al/Cu/Al multilayer. ► We investigated heat treatment influence on the bond properties of Al/Cu/Al. ► Intermetallic compounds were studied using the SEM, OM and EDS analysis. ► Variations of hardness in the thickness were investigated using micro-hardness. ► Intermetallic phases such as AlCu 3 and Al 2 C create at the interface of Al/Cu/Al. -- Abstract: In this study, an Al/Cu/Al multilayer sheet was fabricated by explosive welding process and the effects of annealing temperature on the interfacial properties of explosively bonded Al/Cu bimetal have been investigated. For this purpose, hardness changes along the thickness of the samples have been measured, and the thickness and type of intermetallic compounds formed at the joining interface have been explored by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results indicate that, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the thickness of intermetallic compounds has increased and the amount of hardness along the thickness of the joining interface has diminished. In the annealed sample at 400 °C for 30 min, it was observed that intermetallic layers have formed at the interface of Al/Cu bimetals. These layers consist of the intermetallic compounds AlCu 3 , Al 2 Cu and AlCu, and their thickness gets to about 5 μm at some points. The examinations performed by the SEM, following the Vickers micro-hardness test, indicated the existence of a number of microcracks at the top and bottom interface of the sample annealed at 400 °C. This shows the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the joining interface, and also indicates the low ductility of these compounds.

NMR evidence for Co-Al-Co molecular groups trapped in cages of Co4Al13

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeglic, P.; Heggen, M.; Feuerbacher, M.; Bauer, B.; Gille, P.; Haarmann, F.

2009-01-01

We present the results of 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the phase Co 4 Al 13 . These results are compared to a recent structure model [1], which demonstrates a unique bonding for Al atoms in the Co-Al-Co molecular groups. In our measurement, two 27 Al signals were identified. The first one originates from Al atoms forming cages. The second signal corresponds to Al sites with exceptionally large almost axially symmetric quadrupole coupling. This finding is in perfect agreement with isolated Co-Al-Co molecular groups in accordance to Ref. [1].

The Y-Cu-Al system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krachan, T.; Stel'makhovych, B.; Kuz'ma, Yu.

2003-01-01

The phase diagram of the Y-Cu-Al system at 820 K has been constructed using X-ray powder diffraction. The existence of earlier known ternary aluminides has been confirmed and their homogeneity regions and atomic distributions in the structures have been determined: YCu 4.6-4.0 Al 7.4-8.0 (ThMn 12 -type R I =0.049), Y 2 Cu 12.0-10.5 Al 5.0-6.5 (Th 2 Zn 17 -type R I =0.092), YCu 1.0-1.1 Al 1.0-0.9 (Fe 2 P-type R I =0.068). It has been shown that the structure of Y(Cu,Al) 3 is characterized by an ordered distribution of the Cu and Al atoms and it should be referred as Ca 3 Cu 2 Al 7 structure type (R I =0.060) besides the PuNi 3 structure type with statistical occupancies of the smaller atoms. At the investigated temperature the compound YCu 1.0-0.25 Al 3.0-3.75 (BaAl 4 -type) was not observed. However, we found the ternary aluminide with composition Y 3 Cu 2.7-2.0 Al 8.3-9.0 and related La 3 Al 11 -type (space group Immm, a=0.4192-0.4228, b=1.2423-1.2557, c=0.9812-0.9895 nm, R I =0.069). The compounds YCu 6.8 Al 4.2 (space group Fddd, Tb(Cu 0.58 Al 0.42 ) 11 -type, a=1.42755, b=1.48587, c=0.65654 nm, R I =0.062) and YCu 6.5 Al 4.5 (space group I4 1 /amd, BaCd 11 -type, a=1.02774, c=0.65838 nm, R I =0.071) have been found and structurally refined for the first time

La cittadinanza amministrativa. Una nuova prospettiva per la partecipazione

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gregorio Arena

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Io voglio in questo lavoro approciare il tema della cittadinanza attiva nella publica amministrazione, metendo in fuoco il concetto della partecipazione sociale. Parole-chiavi: Cittadinanza. Democrazia. Pubblica Amministrazione.

Preparation, deformation, and failure of functional Al-Sn and Al-Sn-Pb nanocrystalline alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Noskova, N. I.; Vil'Danova, N. F.; Filippov, Yu. I.; Churbaev, R. V.; Pereturina, I. A.; Korshunov, L. G.; Korznikov, A. V.

2006-12-01

Changes in the structure, hardness, mechanical properties, and friction coefficient of Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb (wt %) alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing (with a force of 40 tonne) and by shear at a pressure of 5 GPa have been studied. The transition into the nanocrystalline state was shown to occur at different degrees of plastic deformation. The hardness exhibits nonmonotonic variations, namely, first it increases and subsequently decreases. The friction coefficient of the Al-30% Sn, Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys quenched from the melt was found to be 0.33; the friction coefficients of these alloys in the submicrocrystalline state (after equal-channel angular pressing) equal 0.24, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The effect of disintegration into nano-sized powders was found to occur in the Al-15% Sn-25% Pb, and Al-5% Sn-35% Pb alloys after severe plastic deformation to ɛ = 6.4 and subsequent short-time holding.

Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, J.; Song, X.G.; Wu, L.Z.; Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C.

2012-01-01

The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni 3 (AlTi) layer, a Ni 2 AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi 3 layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al 3 Ni and Al 3 Ni 2 phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 and the final products were AlNi and AlNi 3 phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: ► Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. ► The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al 3 Ni → Al 3 Ni 2 → AlNi → AlNi 3 . ► The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. ► The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr Coating

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Guangyan; Wu, Yongzhao; Liu, Qun; Li, Rongguang; Su, Yong

2017-03-01

The 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel with Al-Si/Al-Si-Cr coatings is prepared by slurry process and vacuum diffusion, and the hot corrosion behavior of the stainless steel with/without the coatings is studied under the condition of Na2SO4 film at 950 °C in air. Results show that the corrosion kinetics of stainless steel, the stainless steel with Al-Si coating and the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating follow parabolic laws in several segments. After 24 h corrosion, the sequence of the mass gain for the three alloys is the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating coating coating. The corrosion products of the three alloys are layered. Thereinto, the corrosion products of stainless steel without coating are divided into two layers, where the outside layer contains a composite of Fe2O3 and FeO, and the inner layer is Cr2O3. The corrosion products of the stainless steel with Al-Si coating are also divided into two layers, of which the outside layer mainly consists of Cr2O3, and the inner layer is mainly SiO2. The corrosion film of the stainless steel with Al-Si-Cr coating is thin and dense, which combines well with substrate. Thereinto, the outside layer is mainly Cr2O3, and the inside layer is Al2O3. In the matrix of all of the three alloys, there exist small amount of sulfides. Continuous and protective films of Cr2O3, SiO2 and Al2O3 form on the surface of the stainless steel with Al-Si and Al-Si-Cr coatings, which prevent further oxidation or sulfide corrosion of matrix metals, and this is the main reason for the much smaller mass gain of the two alloys than that of the stainless steel without any coatings in the 24 h hot corrosion process.

Gate length scaling effect on high-electron mobility transistors devices using AlGaN/GaN and AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures.

Science.gov (United States)

Liao, S Y; Lu, C C; Chang, T; Huang, C F; Cheng, C H; Chang, L B

2014-08-01

Compared to AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 0.15 μm T-gate length, the AlInN/AlN/GaN one exhibits much higher current density and transconductance of 1558 mA/mm at Vd = 2 V and 330 mS/mm, respectively. The high extrinsic ft and fmax of 82 GHz and 70 GHz are extracted from AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT. Besides, we find that the transconductance roll-off is significant in AlGaN/GaN, but largely improved in AlInN/AlN/GaN HEMT, suggesting that the high carrier density and lattice-matched epitaxial heterostructure is important to reach both large RF output power and high operation frequency, especially for an aggressively gate length scaling.

Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sgobba, S. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Kuenzi, H.U. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland)); Ilschner, B. (Lab. de Metallurgie Mecanique, Dept. des Materiaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland))

1993-11-01

Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.).

Some aspects of anelastic and microplastic creep of pure Al and two Al-alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sgobba, S.; Kuenzi, H.U.; Ilschner, B.

1993-01-01

Anelastic creep of pure Al, commercial Al-Cu and a binary Al-Cu alloy has been measured at room temperature by means of a high resolution laser interferometer. The irreversible component of the deformation was also quantified from measurements of the anelastic creep recovery. The dependence of the deformation-time curves on thermal treatment and cold work is analyzed. The mechanisms responsible for the room temperature anelastic creep are discussed. Materials loaded below their elastic limit can present either a pure anelastic behavior (commercial Al-Cu) or additional viscoelastic creep (pure Al, high purity Al-Cu). For commercial Al-Cu, the presence of an irreversible deformation appears to be mainly related to the state of the surface. A viscoelastic after effect has been measured for this alloy after a Cu-electroplating treatment. As a typical result for room temperature creep, the irreversible deformation depends logarithmically on load time. (orig.)

A study of ion damage in Al, Al/Cu and Al/Ag

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marikar, P.

1979-06-01

Specimens of pure aluminium, aluminium-copper and aluminium-silver have been irradiated with 20 keV helium ions and/or 100 keV aluminium ions and the nature of the damage assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Irradiation with 20 keV helium ions to a dose of 2.7 x 10 15 ions cm -2 results in the formation of interstitial loops and helium gas bubbles. The helium bubbles were detectable only after annealing at a high temperature following irradiation. When the helium preinjected aluminium specimens were irradiated with 100 keV Al + ions to a dose of 84 dpa at temperatures above 150 0 C, voids were observed to form. At a lower dose of 64 dpa, only a high density of dislocation loops was observed. Al-1 wt% Cu alloy containing partially coherent theta' precipitates resists void formation to a considerable extent, and Al-10 wt% Ag alloy containing coherent G.P. zones offers complete resistance to both dislocation loop nucleation and void formation. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the current theories of irradiation induced damage in metals. The importance of the dislocation-sink efficiency for point defects, the gaseous impurity and the alloying elements in determining void formation is highlighted. (author)

Interdiffusion between U(Mo,Pt) or U(Mo,Zr) and Al or Al A356 alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komar Varela, C.; Mirandou, M.; Arico, S.; Balart, S.; Gribaudo, L.

2009-01-01

Solid state reactions in chemical diffusion couples U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al at 580 deg. C and U-7 wt.%Mo-0.9 wt.%Pt/Al A356 alloy, U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al and U-7 wt.%Mo-1 wt.%Zr/Al A356 alloy at 550 deg. C were characterized. Results were obtained from optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. The UAl 3, UAl 4 and Al 20 Mo 2 U phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al diffusion couples. Al 43 Mo 4 U 6 ternary compound was also identified in γU(Mo,Zr)/Al due to the decomposition of γU(Mo,Zr) phase. The U(Al,Si) 3 and U 3 Si 5 phases were identified in the interaction layers of γU(Mo,Pt)/Al A356 and γU(Mo,Zr)/Al A356 diffusion couples. These phases are formed due to the migration of Si to the interaction layer. In the diffusion couple U(Mo,Zr)/Al A356, Zr 5 Al 3 phase was also identified in the interaction layer. The use of synchrotron radiation at Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS, CNPq, Campinas, Brazil) was necessary to achieve a complete crystallographic characterization.

CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films obtained by stacking Cu and Al films using physical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Castillo-Hernández, G.; Mayén-Hernández, S.; Castaño-Tostado, E.; DeMoure-Flores, F.; Campos-González, E.; Martínez-Alonso, C.; Santos-Cruz, J.

2018-06-01

CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films were synthesized by the deposition of the precursor metals using the physical vapor deposition technique and subsequent annealing. Annealing was carried out for 4-6 h in open and nitrogen atmospheres respectively at temperatures of 900-1000 °C with control of heating and cooling ramps. The band gap measurements ranged from 3.3 to 4.5 eV. Electrical properties were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The preferred orientations of CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 were found to be along the (1 1 2) and (3 1 1) planes, respectively. The phase percentages were quantified using a Rietveld refinement simulation and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the composition is very close to the stoichiometry of CuAlO2 samples and with excess of aluminum and deficiency of copper for CuAl2O4 respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy identified the principal planes in CuAlO2 and in CuAl2O4. Higher purities were achieved in nitrogen atmosphere with the control of the cooling ramps.

Three-Dimensional FIB/EBSD Characterization of Irradiated HfAl3-Al Composite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hua, Zilong; Guillen, Donna Post; Harris, William; Ban, Heng

2016-09-01

A thermal neutron absorbing material, comprised of 28.4 vol% HfAl3 in an Al matrix, was developed to serve as a conductively cooled thermal neutron filter to enable fast flux materials and fuels testing in a pressurized water reactor. In order to observe the microstructural change of the HfAl3-Al composite due to neutron irradiation, an EBSD-FIB characterization approach is developed and presented in this paper. Using the focused ion beam (FIB), the sample was fabricated to 25µm × 25µm × 20 µm and mounted on the grid. A series of operations were carried out repetitively on the sample top surface to prepare it for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). First, a ~100-nm layer was removed by high voltage FIB milling. Then, several cleaning passes were performed on the newly exposed surface using low voltage FIB milling to improve the SEM image quality. Last, the surface was scanned by Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD) to obtain the two-dimensional image. After 50 to 100 two-dimensional images were collected, the images were stacked to reconstruct a three-dimensional model using DREAM.3D software. Two such reconstructed three-dimensional models were obtained from samples of the original and post-irradiation HfAl3-Al composite respectively, from which the most significant microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation apparently is the size reduction of both HfAl3 and Al grains. The possible reason is the thermal expansion and related thermal strain from the thermal neutron absorption. This technique can be applied to three-dimensional microstructure characterization of irradiated materials.

The Genyornis Egg: Response to Miller et al.'s commentary on Grellet-Tinner et al., 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Grellet-Tinner, Gerald; Spooner, Nigel A.; Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H.

2017-04-01

Williams (1981) and Williams and Rich (1991) attributed Australian Quaternary fossil eggshell that differed from that of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae to the extinct bird Genyornis newtoni without any osteological or embryonic support. Such association by proximity or abundance mirrors the case of the mistaken association of oviraptor eggs to Protoceratops in the 1920's by Andrews (Grellet-Tinner and Makovicky, 2006). No other candidate species was considered, and this attribution has been unchallenged and followed by everyone thereafter. Much research has been done on this Australian eggshell, with one result being that the extinction of the parent of this eggshell is the most well documented for a taxon in Australia (e.g., Miller et al., 1999, 2005). Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016) raised several problems with the identity of the eggshell Williams (1981) attributed to Genyornis newtoni and suggested that extinct megapodes of the genus Progura were the more likely layer of this eggshell type, therein referred to as ;putative Genyornis oological material; (PGOM). Miller et al. (2017) challenged our hypothesis stating that ;Based on the dimensions of the reconstructed Spooner Egg,Grellet-Tinner et al. (2016)argue that PGOM is too small for a bird with the body mass estimated for Genyornis (168-275 kg) … …[and] …. None of the additional PGOM observations reported byGrellet-Tinner et al. (2016)are inconsistent with a Genyornis parent;. Here we take the opportunity to respond to their critique, the basis of which resolves into a few points, which we address in turn.

Characterization of Al/Ni multilayers and their application in diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cao, J., E-mail: cao_jian@hit.edu.cn [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Song, X.G. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Wu, L.Z. [Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China); Qi, J.L.; Feng, J.C. [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 (China)

2012-02-29

The Al/Ni multilayers were characterized and diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallics to TiC cermets was carried out using the multilayers. The microstructure of Al/Ni multilayers and TiAl/TiC cermet joint was investigated. The layered structures consisting of a Ni{sub 3}(AlTi) layer, a Ni{sub 2}AlTi layer, a (Ni,Al,Ti) layer and a Ni diffusion layer were observed from the interlayer to the TiAl substrate. Only one AlNi{sub 3} layer formed at the multilayer/TiC cermet interface. The reaction behaviour of Al/Ni multilayers was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The initial exothermic peak of the DSC curve was formed due to the formation of Al{sub 3}Ni and Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} phases. The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3} and the final products were AlNi and AlNi{sub 3} phases. The shear strength of the joint was tested and the experimental results suggested that the application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Diffusion bonding of TiAl to TiC cermet was realized using Al/Ni multilayer. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The reaction sequence of the Al/Ni multilayers was Al{sub 3}Ni {yields} Al{sub 3}Ni{sub 2} {yields} AlNi {yields} AlNi{sub 3}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The interfacial microstructure of the joint was clarified. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The application of Al/Ni multilayers improved the joining quality.

Problemi di traduzione della Politica di AristoteleIl caso della traduzione in francese di Nicole Oresme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudio Fiocchi

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Necessità pratiche e riflessioni teoriche accompagnano il lavoro di Oresme, nella consapevolezza che la traduzione delle grandi opere è uno strumento fondamentale per la grandezza di un popolo.

Better than Ploughing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James M. Buchanan

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on professional experiences of distinguished economists. Article originally published in vol. 39 n. 159 of Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review.

UNDERSTANDING THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL ISLAMIC FAITH THROUGH ‘ABD AL-GHANI AL-NABULUSI’S MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naoki Yamamoto

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper tries to present a new perspective on Islamic faith and Muslim identity to Muslim minorities who are challenged in practicing or following Islamic law in non-Islamic countries or non-Muslims in the contemporary world. It will uncover the multidimensional perspective of the concept of faith based on sin (dhanb and repentance (tawbah through the mystical philosophy of a Syrian scholar, Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi (d. 1143/1741 of the 18th century Ottoman Damascus who contributed to the field of Sufism particularly based on Ibn ‘Arabi’s thought of wahdat al-wujud (oneness of being and insan kamil (the perfect man. Nabulusi believes that anyone who lived during the inexistence of prophet’s revelation, inhabited an isolated place cut off from information about Islam, or lived in dar al-harb and did not make a hijra to dar al-islam could not be regarded as sinful in their deeds. However, faith in Allah is essential and infidelity is not forgiven regardless whether or not they live in dar al-islam or dar al-harb. Further, Nabulusi insists that true faith can be achieved by understanding the sin of existence; the ignorance of the difference of existence between Allah and men.  [Artikel ini menjelaskan identitas keberagamaan umat Islam minoritas yang dituntut untuk menerapkan syariat, namun harus hidup di negara non-muslim, dengan mendiskusikan perspektif multidimensional terhadap konsep dosa dan tobat seperti dikembangkan oleh Abd al-Ghanī al-Nabulusī (1143/1741, seorang sufi pemikir Syria, khususnya  wahdat al-wujūd dan insan kamil, yang hidup di masa kesultanan Usmani di Damaskus. Nabulusī berkeyakinan bahwa siapa saja yang hidup sebelum turunnya wahyu di masa Nabi, hidup di daerah terpencil yang tidak mengenal Islam, atau hidup di dar al-harb dan tidak hijrah ke dar al-islam, tidaklah dibebani dosa atas perbuatannya. Namun demikian, iman kepada Allah amatlah penting dan kekufuran tidaklah dimaafkan, baik seseorang tersebut hidup

PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN B2-ORDERED NiAl BY Ni2AlTiCOMPOUND

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

W.H. Tian; K. Ohishi; M. Nemoto

2001-01-01

Microstructural variations and correlated hardness changes in B2-ordered NiAl containing fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness tests. The amount of age hardening is not large as compared to the large microstructural variations during aging. TEM observations have revealed that the L21-type Ni2AlTi precipitates keep a lattice coherency with the NiAl matrix at the beginning of aging. By longer periods of aging Ni2AlTi precipitates lose their coherency and change their morphology to the globular ones surrounded by misfit dislocations. The temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate-containing B2-ordered NiAl was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 873-1273K. The fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi was found to enhance greatly the yield strength and the high-temperature strength is comparison with that of superalloy Mar-M200.``

Rupture of Al matrix in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel by fission induced creep

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, Gwan Yoon; Sohn, Dong Seong [UNIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Yeon Soo [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonnge (United States); Lee, Kyu Hong [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

This phenomenon was found specifically in the dispersion fuel plate with Si addition in the Al matrix to suppress interaction layer (IL) formation between UMo and Al. It is known that the stresses induced by fission induced swelling in U-Mo fuel particles are relieved by creep deformation of the IL, surrounding the fuel particles, that has a much higher creep rate than the Al matrix. Thus, when IL growth is suppressed, the stress is instead exerted on the Al matrix. The observed rupture in the Al matrix is believed to be caused when the stress exceeded the rupture strength of the Al matrix. In this study, the possibility of creep rupture of the Al matrix between the neighboring U-Mo fuel particles was examined using the ABAQUS finite element analysis (FEA) tool. The predicted rupture time for a plate was much shorter than its irradiation life indicating a rupture during the irradiation. The higher stress leads Al matrix to early creep rupture in this plate for which the Al matrix with lower creep strain rate does not effectively relieve the stress caused by the swelling of the U-Mo fuel particles. For the other plate, no rupture was predicted for the given irradiation condition. The effect of creeping of the continuous phase on the state of stress is significant.

Effect of Al and AlP on the microstructure of Mn-30 wt.%Si alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu Yuying [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 73, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2008-04-15

Effect of Al and AlP particles on the microstructure of near eutectic Mn-Si alloy (Mn-30 wt.%Si) was studied by Electron Probe Micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Crystal lattice correspondence analyses show that both Al and AlP have good lattice matching coherence relationships with MnSi phase, and the addition of Al and AlP particles results in an abnormal eutectic structure, i.e. the eutectic constitution MnSi and Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} precipitate separately: MnSi precipitates firstly, and then the Mn{sub 5}Si{sub 3} phase.

Elastocaloric effect in CuAlZn and CuAlMn shape memory alloys under compression

OpenAIRE

Qian, Suxin; Geng, Yunlong; Wang, Yi; Pillsbury, Thomas E.; Hada, Yoshiharu; Yamaguchi, Yuki; Fujimoto, Kenjiro; Hwang, Yunho; Radermacher, Reinhard; Cui, Jun; Yuki, Yoji; Toyotake, Koutaro; Takeuchi, Ichiro

2016-01-01

This paper reports the elastocaloric effect of two Cu-based shape memory alloys: Cu68Al16Zn16 (CuAlZn) and Cu73Al15Mn12 (CuAlMn), under compression at ambient temperature. The compression tests were conducted at two different rates to approach isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Upon unloading at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 (adiabatic condition) from 4% strain, the highest adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad) of 4.0 K for CuAlZn and 3.9 K for CuAlMn were obtained. The maximum stress and hystere...

Formation of Al3Ti/Mg composite by powder metallurgy of Mg-Al-Ti system.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zi R; Qi Wang, Shu; Cui, Xiang H; Zhao, Yu T; Gao, Ming J; Wei, Min X

2008-07-01

An in situ titanium trialuminide (Al 3 Ti)-particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composite has been successfully fabricated by the powder metallurgy of a Mg-Al-Ti system. The reaction processes and formation mechanism for synthesizing the composite were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Al 3 Ti particles are found to be synthesized in situ in the Mg alloy matrix. During the reaction sintering of the Mg-Al-Ti system, Al 3 Ti particles are formed through the reaction of liquid Al with as-dissolved Ti around the Ti particles. The formed intermetallic particles accumulate at the original sites of the Ti particles. As sintering time increases, the accumulated intermetallic particles disperse and reach a relatively homogeneous distribution in the matrix. It is found that the reaction process of the Mg-Al-Ti system is almost the same as that of the Al-Ti system. Mg also acts as a catalytic agent and a diluent in the reactions and shifts the reactions of Al and Ti to lower temperatures. An additional amount of Al is required for eliminating residual Ti and solid-solution strengthening of the Mg matrix.

Al-‘Alāqah baina Ushūl al-Fiqh wa Maqāshidi al-Sharīah wa al-Da’wah ilā Ta’sīsi ‘Ilmi al-Maqāshid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anggraini Binti Ramli

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The study of Maqāshid sharīa is an important point in the discussion of Islamic legal theory (ushūl al-fiqh. Serious debates began to emerge in the 19th century among Islamic jurists concerning the position of maqāshid sharīa. At least, there are three important debates in the history; first, whether maqāshid is part of the discussion ushūl al-fiqh; second, is maqāshid sharīa built upon a foundation of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh; and third, whether the maqāshid sharīa study is able to become an independent science that is separated from the study of classical Islamic jurisprudence. This article tries to present a discussion of the three paradigms by employing a descriptive-analytic method. The results of this study uncover that the study of maqāshid sharīa is like two sides of one coin; theoretically it is a distinctive study from ushūl al-fiqh, but it cannot be separated from one another. Ushūl al-fiqh has become the foundation to find out more details about the study of maqashid sharia. The separation between classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh and maqāshid sharīa study conducted by Islamic jurists is a relative separation.

Solutional Landforms of Gabal Al-Qaraha, the Oasis of Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia

OpenAIRE

Embabi, Nabil S.

1981-01-01

Jabal Al-Qarah is one of the small outlier hills at the Oasis of Al-Hasa, lying at about lOkm ENE of Al-Hafuf Town. The solutional forms of Al-Qarah hill discussed in this paper are as follows : 1. A calcareous duricrust which covers the top and some of the slopes of the hill. 2. Rock Pillars which are long columns of white lime-stone. 3. Huge crevasses which are wide erosional openings along vertical joints. 4. Narrow, sinuous caves inside the hill. 5. Pedestal rocks with mushroo...

Comparison on the interaction of Al3+/nano-Al13 with calf thymus DNA /salmon sperm DNA

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Fei; Ma, Yue; Du, Changwen; Yang, Xiaodi; Shen, Renfang

2015-11-01

The conformation change, binding mode and binding site between Al3+/nano-Al13 and calf thymus DNA/salmon sperm DNA were investigated by UV-vis absorption, FTIR spectra, Raman spectroscopy and CD spectra, as well as melting curves measurement. The UV-vis spectra and circular dichroism spectra results suggested that the phosphate group structure was changed when Al3+ interacted with DNA, while the double-helix was distorted when nano-Al13 interacted with DNA. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the binding sites were Al3+ … PO2, Al3+ … N7/guanine PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine with calf thymus DNA, and Al3+ … N3-O2/cytosine, Al3+ … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N7-C8/guanine, PO2 … Al13 … N1/adenine with salmon sperm DNA, respectively. The electrostatic binding was existed between Al3+ and DNA, and the electrostatic binding and complexing were found between nano-Al13 and DNA.

Bukti Kebenaran Al-quran

OpenAIRE

Aliyah, Sri

2015-01-01

Al Quran is the greatest miracles of Muhammad SAW as the direction of humankind in order to reach eternal happiness. Scientific evidences show that Al Quran has the truth massages, although it was released far before the finding of modern sciences. The researches continue to study the truth of Al Quran an it revealed the historical fact.

Sintering of (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 Materials and their Corrosion Process in Na3AlF6-AlF3-K3AlF6 Electrolyte

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Yibiao; Li, Yawei; Yang, Jianhong; Sang, Shaobai; Wang, Qinghu

2017-06-01

The application of ledge-free sidewalls in the Hall-Héroult cells can potentially reduce the energy requirement of aluminum production by about 30 pct (Nightingale et al. in J Eur Ceram, 33:2761-2765, 2013). However, this approach poses great material challenges since such sidewalls are in direct contact with corrosive electrolyte. In the present paper, (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 materials were prepared using fused magnesia, reactive alumina, nickel oxide, and iron oxide powders as the starting materials. The sintering behaviors of specimens as well as their corrosion resistance to molten electrolyte have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results show that after firing at temperature ranging from 1673 K (1400 °C) up to 1873 K (1600 °C), all the specimens prepared are composed of single-phase (Ni,Mg)(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel, the lattice parameter of which increases with increasing Fe3+ ion concentration. Increasing the iron oxide content enhances densification of the specimens, which is accompanied by the formation of homogeneously distributed smaller pores in the matrix. The corrosion tests show that corrosion layers consist of fluoride and Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel grains are produced in specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio no more than 1, whereas dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers are formed on the surface of the specimens with Fe/Al mole ratio more than 1. The dense Ni(Al,Fe)2O4 composite spinel layers formed improve the corrosion resistance of the specimens by inhibiting the infiltration of electrolyte and hindering the chemical reaction between the specimen and electrolyte.

Synthesis of Al(OH3 Nanostructures from Al(OH3 Microagglomerates via Dissolution-Precipitation Route

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bo Yu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A facile method was developed to synthesize Al(OH3 nanostructures from Al(OH3 microagglomerates by dissolution in 9.0 mol·L−1 NaOH at 115°C followed by dilution and aging of the solution at room temperature. The influence of Al(OH3 nanoseed and surfactants as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB on the formation of the Al(OH3 nano-structures was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the Al(OH3 microspheres composed of nanoparticles were prepared in the blank experiment, while dispersive Al(OH3 nano-particles with a diameter of 80–100 nm were produced in the presence of Al(OH3 nano-seed and CTAB.

Effects of Al content on structure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, S.X.; Yin, L.X.; Che, H.W.; Jing, R.; Zhou, Y.K.; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Phase structure is greatly dependent on the Al content. • Intermetallic compound will precipitates while Al content is over 6.9 wt%. • Equiaxed α-phase grains present in the hot-rolled alloy with 6.9 wt% Al. • Alloys with Al content from 3.3 wt% to 5.6 wt% have good mechanical properties. - Abstract: Zirconium alloys show attractive properties for astronautic applications where the most important factors are anti-irradiation, corrosion resistance, anti-oxidant, very good strength-to-weight ratio. The effects of Al content (2.2–6.9 wt%) on structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloy samples were investigated in this study. Each sample of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents from 2.2 wt% to 5.6 wt% is composed of the α phase and β phase, meanwhile, the relative content of the α phase increased with the Al content. However, the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound was observed as the Al content increased to 6.9 wt%. Changes of phase compositions and structure with Al content distinctly affected mechanical properties of ZrTiAlV alloys. Yield strength of the alloy with 2.2 wt% Al is below 200 MPa. As Al content increased to 5.6 wt%, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the examined alloy are 1088 MPa, 1256 MPa and 8%, respectively. As Al content further increased to 6.9 wt%, a rapid decrease in ductility was observed as soon as the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound precipitated. Results show that the ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents between 3.3 wt% and 5.6 wt% have excellent mechanical properties

Relationship between Al content and substitution mechanism of Al-bearing anhydrous bridgmanites

Science.gov (United States)

Noda, M.; Inoue, T.; Kakizawa, S.

2017-12-01

It is considered that two substitution mechanisms, Tschermak substitution and oxygen vacancy substitution, exist in MgSiO3 bridgmanite for the incorporation of Al in anhydrous condition. Kubo and Akaogi (2000) has conducted the phase equilibrium experiment in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3, and established the phase diagram up to 28 GPa. However the careful observation in the bridgmanite shows that the chemical compositions are slightly deviated from Tschermak substitution join. The same tendency can be also observed in the run products by Irifune et al. (1996). This result indicates that pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite cannot be stable even in the MgSiO3-Al2O3 join experiment. However, the previous studies used powder samples as the starting materials, so the absorbed water may affect the results. Therefore, we tried to conduct the experiment in the join MgSiO3-Al2O3 in extremely anhydrous condition to clarify whether the pure Tschermak substitution bridgmanite can be stable or not. In addition, we also examined the stability of oxygen vacancy bridgmanite in the extremely anhydrous condition for the comparison. The high pressure synthesis experiments were conducted at 28 GPa and 1600-1700° for 1hour using a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. Four different Al content samples were prepared as the starting materials along the ideal substitution line of Tschermak (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 mol) and oxygen-vacancy (Al=0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 mol) substitutions, respectively (when total cation of 2). The glass rods were used as the starting materials to eliminate the absorbed water on the sample surface. The chemical compositions of the synthesized bridgmanite could not be measured by EPMA because of small grain size less than submicron. Therefore the chemical compositions were estimated from the result of the XRD pattern by subtracting the amount of the other phases. The estimated chemical compositions of Tschermak substitution bridgmanites were consistent with the

Burden of rare variants in ALS genes influences survival in familial and sporadic ALS.

Science.gov (United States)

Pang, Shirley Yin-Yu; Hsu, Jacob Shujui; Teo, Kay-Cheong; Li, Yan; Kung, Michelle H W; Cheah, Kathryn S E; Chan, Danny; Cheung, Kenneth M C; Li, Miaoxin; Sham, Pak-Chung; Ho, Shu-Leong

2017-10-01

Genetic variants are implicated in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is unclear whether the burden of rare variants in ALS genes has an effect on survival. We performed whole genome sequencing on 8 familial ALS (FALS) patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutation and whole exome sequencing on 46 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients living in Hong Kong and found that 67% had at least 1 rare variant in the exons of 40 ALS genes; 22% had 2 or more. Patients with 2 or more rare variants had lower probability of survival than patients with 0 or 1 variant (p = 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, each additional rare variant increased the risk of respiratory failure or death by 60% (p = 0.0098). The presence of the rare variant was associated with the risk of ALS (Odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.61, p = 0.03), and ALS patients had higher rare variant burden than controls (MB, p = 0.004). Our findings support an oligogenic basis with the burden of rare variants affecting the development and survival of ALS. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of Al grain boundaries segregations and La-doping on embrittlement of intermetallic NiAl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kovalev, Anatoly I., E-mail: a_kovalev@sprg.ru; Wainstein, Dmitry L.; Rashkovskiy, Alexander Yu.

2015-11-01

Highlights: • We investigated Al grain boundaries segregations in ordered pure and La-doped NiAl. • Structural segregation of Al decreases critical strain for brittle cracks nucleation. • La alloying sharply improves plasticity of NiAl intermetallic. • Metallicity of interatomic bonds on grain boundaries increases at La alloying. • We have experimentally measured by EELFS that La atoms are located in Al sublattice. - Abstract: The microscopic nature of intergranular fracture of NiAl was experimentally investigated by the set of electron spectroscopy techniques. The paper demonstrates that embrittlement of NiAl intermetallic compound is caused by ordering of atomic structure that leads to formation of structural aluminum segregations at grain boundaries (GB). Such segregations contain high number of brittle covalent interatomic bonds. The alloying by La increases the ductility of material avoiding Al GB enrichment and disordering GB atomic structure. The influence of La alloying on NiAl mechanical properties was investigated. GB chemical composition, atomic and electronic structure transformations after La doping were investigated by AES, XPS and EELFS techniques. To qualify the interatomic bonds metallicity the Fermi level (E{sub F}) position and electrons density (n{sub eff}) in conduction band were determined in both undoped and doped NiAl. Basing on experimental results the physical model of GB brittleness formation was proposed.

Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

KAUST Repository

Wang, Junsheng; Horsfield, Andrew; Lee, Peter D.; Brommer, Peter

2010-01-01

It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Heterogeneous nucleation of solid Al from the melt by Al 3 Ti : Molecular dynamics simulations

KAUST Repository

Wang, Junsheng

2010-10-27

It has been known experimentally for some time that Al3 Ti is a powerful nucleant for the solidification of aluminum from the melt; however, a full microscopic understanding is still lacking. To develop this understanding, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation and early stages of growth using published embedded atom method potentials for Al-Ti, but modified by us to stabilize the D 022 structure. We discover that Al3 Ti can indeed be very effective in promoting the growth of solid Al but the manner in which growth takes place depends sensitively on the surface on which the Al nucleates. In particular, complete growth of solid Al from the liquid on the (001) and (110) surfaces of Al3 Ti occurs at a lower temperature than on the (112) surface. This anisotropy agrees with observations in previous experiments. We explain this observation in terms of interfacial energies. On the preferential (111) surface of Al the solid-liquid interfacial energy is highest while the solid-vacuum energy is lowest. Our simulations also show that the extent of ordering taking place in liquid Al close to the Al 3 Ti substrate above the melting point correlates well with the effectiveness of the substrate as a nucleant below the melting temperature: this could provide a computationally efficient scheme to identify good nucleants. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Strength of Al and Al-Mg/alumina bonds prepared using ultrahigh vacuum diffusion bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

King, W.E.; Campbell, G.H.; Wien, W.L.; Stoner, S.L.

1994-01-01

The authors have measured the cross-breaking strength of Al and Al-Mg alloys bonded with alumina. Diffusion bonding of Al and Al-Mg alloys requires significantly more bonding time than previously thought to obtain complete bonding. In contrast to previous diffusion bonding studies, fracture morphologies are similar to those obtained in bonds formed by liquid phase reaction; i.e., bonds are as strong or stronger than the ceramic; and fracture tends to propagate in the metal for pure Al and near the interface in the ceramic for the alloys. There are indications that the fracture morphology depends on Mg content and therefore on plasticity in the metal

Wear protection in cutting tool applications by PACVD (Ti,Al)N and Al2O3 coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kathrein, M.; Heiss, M.; Rofner, R.; Schleinkofer, U.; Schintlmeister, W.; Schatte, J.; Mitterer, C.

2001-01-01

Various (Ti,Al)N-, Al 2 O 3 -, and (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings were deposited onto cemented carbide cutting tool inserts by a plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique. Al 2 O 3 coatings were deposited using the gaseous mixture AlCl 3 , Ar, H 2 , and O 2 . (Ti,Al)N intermediate layers were deposited in the same device using the process mentioned and the gases AICl 3 , Ar, H 2 , TiCl 4 and N 2 . The unique properties of (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings result in superior wear protection for cutting inserts applied in severe multifunction cutting processes. The influence of different deposition temperatures an structure and properties of the coatings like crystallographic phases, chemical composition, mechanical and technological properties is shown. PACVD (Ti,Al)N/Al 2 O 3 coated cutting inserts with fine grained crystalline α/κ-Al 2 O 3 offer performance advantages which are superior with respect to coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) due to the low deposition temperature applied. (author)

Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

Science.gov (United States)

Pandit, Bhishma; Seo, Tae Hoon; Ryu, Beo Deul; Cho, Jaehee

2016-06-01

The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40) is investigated. The current-voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

Current transport mechanism in graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bhishma Pandit

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The current transport mechanism of graphene formed on AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with various Al mole fractions (x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 is investigated. The current–voltage measurement from graphene to AlGaN/GaN shows an excellent rectifying property. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the graphene/AlGaN/GaN contacts increases with the Al mole fraction in AlGaN. However, the current transport mechanism deviates from the Schottky-Mott theory owing to the deterioration of AlGaN crystal quality at high Al mole fractions confirmed by reverse leakage current measurement.

Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolf, W.; Bolfarini, C.; Kiminami, C.S.; Botta, W.J.

2016-01-01

The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 , Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 . The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al 5 Co 2 and Al 13 Co 4 and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al 5 Co 2 phase has already been reported in the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al 13 Co 4 is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al 13 Co 4 phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al 71 Co 13 Fe 8 Cr 8 alloy, the compositions Al 77 Co 11 Fe 6 Cr 6 and Al 76 Co 19 Fe 4 Cr 1 were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al 13 Co 4 phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system, around the compositions studied, is composed of quaternary extensions of Al-Co intermetallic phases, which present solubility of Fe and Cr at Co atomic sites. - Highlights: •The Al rich region of the Al

Comparison of ALS functionality and plant growth in ALS-inhibitor susceptible and resistant Myosoton aquaticum L.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Weitang; Bai, Shuang; Jia, Sisi; Guo, Wenlei; Zhang, Lele; Li, Wei; Wang, Jinxin

2017-10-01

Herbicide target-site resistance mutations may cause pleiotropic effects on plant ecology and physiology. The effect of several known (Pro197Ser, Pro197Leu Pro197Ala, and Pro197Glu) target-site resistance mutations of the ALS gene on both ALS functionality and plant vegetative growth of weed Myosoton aquaticum L. (water chickweed) have been investigated here. The enzyme kinetics of ALS from four purified water chickweed populations that each homozygous for the specific target-site resistance-endowing mutations were characterized and the effect of these mutations on plant growth was assessed via relative growth rate (RGR) analysis. Plants homozygous for Pro197Ser and Pro197Leu exhibited higher extractable ALS activity than susceptible (S) plants, while all ALS mutations with no negative change in ALS kinetics. The Pro197Leu mutation increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine and valine, and Pro197Glu mutation slightly increased ALS sensitivity to isoleucine. RGR results indicated that none of these ALS resistance mutations impose negative pleiotropic effects on relative growth rate. However, resistant (R) seeds had a lowed germination rate than S seeds. This study provides baseline information on ALS functionality and plant growth characteristics associated with ALS inhibitor resistance-endowing mutations in water chickweed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

AL FIKR AL BALAGHI FI AL MA’ĂNI ‘INDA AS SAKĂKI FI KITABIHI MIFTAHUL ULUM DIRĂSAH BALAGHIYYAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Talqis Nurdianto

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Miftāhul ‘Ulūm, written by al-Sakākī, especially the third part, was the beginning of a new phase in the development of Arabic rhetoric. Al-Sakākī divided the rhetoric into three fields of study, which are  (1 Ma’ānī, (2 Bayān, (3 Badī’. However, his style is influenced by philosophers, theologians and their verbal lexicon, which are difficult to take, especially for the ordinary recipient. Al-Sakākī described that his book containing several types of literature, namely, ‘ilm ṣarf in complete version and its conclusion, derivation science, and the grammatical study in the completeness of Ma’ānī and Bayān. The meaning of Makna is the study of completeness and conclusion. Therefore, books and prose, and poem require al-‘Arūḍ and al-Qawāfī include Ṣarf, Grammar, Ma’ānī, Bayān, limitation, reasoning, al’Arūḍ, and al-Qawāfī. He argued that the fields of study were influential in delivering knowledge to the student in order to reach the goal of the author towards his book.This research was an analytical descriptive study of al-Sakākī rhetoric that focused on the normative aspect represented by rhetorical rule and aesthetic aspects. Those aspects were shown by the feeling. Al-Sakākī rhetoric thought is a method based on mental division and has conducted in the construction of many factors, which the most important of them are philosophy and logic. Keywords: thought, rhetoric, meanings, sakkaki, study

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti3Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Squartini, Tiziano; He Qingshan

2010-01-01

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti 3 Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti 3 Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

Study of the 27Al(n,2,)26Al reaction via accelerator mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wallner, A.

2000-06-01

The excitation function for the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al reaction is expected to show a strongly non-linear behavior in the neutron-energy region around 14 MeV, the neutron energy in D-T plasmas; thus the production rate of 26 Al (t 1/2 =7.2*10 5 a) in D-T fusion environments can in principle be used to measure the temperature of such plasmas. Existing measurements, however, are strongly discordant. Therefore, a new accurate measurement of the 27 Al(n,2n) 26 Al cross sections in the near threshold region (E n =13.5-14.8 MeV) was performed with the goal to achieve relative cross sections with the highest accuracy possible. In addition, the measurements were also designed to provide good absolute cross-section values, as absolute cross sections are important for radioactive waste predictions. Samples of Al metal were irradiated with neutrons in the energy range near threshold (E th =13.55 MeV) at the Radiuminstitutes of both Vienna and St. Petersburg, and in Tokai-mura, Japan. In Tuebingen irradiations with neutrons of higher energies (17 and 19 MeV) were performed. The amount of 26 Al produced during the irradiations was measured via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA). This work represents the first 26 Al measurements for this new facility. With this system, a background as low as 3*10 -15 for 26 Al/ 27 Al isotope ratios was obtained, corresponding to a (n,2n) cross section of 0.04 mb. Utilizing AMS, cross sections with much higher precision and considerably closer to the threshold than in previous investigations could be measured. The prerequisite for its application as a temperature monitor, namely a very well known shape of the excitation function was met. A quantitative prediction of the sensitivity of this method for monitoring the temperature in a D-T fusion plasma was therefore possible. For thermal plasmas temperature changes in the order of 5 to 15 % should be detectable. An even higher sensitivity was found

Magnetostrictive properties of FeAl/polyester and FeAl/silicone composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riesgo, G. [Dpto. de Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus universitario de Gijón, 33203 Gijón (Spain); Carrizo, J. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Elbaile, L., E-mail: elbaile@uniovi.es [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Crespo, R.D. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Sepúlveda, R. [Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Sevilla, Isla Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla (Spain); García, J.A. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • Nanocrystalline powders of FeAl have been obtained from the Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon produced by melt spinning. • The method allows the obtainment of a FeAl solid solution from the starting process. • The microstructure and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. • Composites with a magnetostriction of 45 ppm have been obtained. - Abstract: Ribbons of composition Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} obtained by the melt spinning method have been used to yield powder by mechanical milling. Using this method, a rapid nanocrystallization and a FeAl solid solution phase was obtained from the start of the process. The microstructural and magnetic properties as well as the XRD patterns of the powders were studied in function of the milling time. Grain refinement and an increase of the coercive field were the main transformations resulting from increasing the milling time. Two sets of magnetostrictive composites were produced from the 100 h-milled powder. In one of them polyester was used as matrix and in the other one silicone. In the case of the silicone composites cured in a magnetic field of 140 mT in the longitudinal direction a saturation magnetostriction as high as 45 ppm was obtained.

Thermodynamic calculation of Al-Gd and Al-Gd-Mg phase equilibria checked by key experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groebner, J.; Kevorkov, D.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.

2001-01-01

The binary Al-Gd and the ternary Al-Gd-Mg systems were calculated using the Calphad method. It is demonstrated that previous interpretation of ternary liquidus temperatures below 700 C must be related to other phase equilibria. The actual ternary liquidus temperatures are much higher, up to some 600 C above the previous interpretation in literature. They are widely governed by the high-melting compounds Al 2 Gd and Al 3 Gd with liquidus surfaces stretching far into the ternary system. A small number of key experiments in this work confirmed the calculated liquidus temperature and the phase relations. The available experimental data in literature fit excellently with the calculation in the binary Al-Gd system. In the ternary Al-Gd-Mg system, which is shown in several sections of the phase diagram, a good agreement can be observed too, considering the necessary reinterpretation of the liquidus temperatures suggested by Rokhlin et al. Ternary solubilities were not found experimentally. The ternary compound Al 4 GdMg (τ) forms in a ternary peritectic reaction at 761 C. (orig.)

Forged HITEMAL: Al-based MMCs strengthened with nanometric thick Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balog, Martin, E-mail: ummsbama@savba.sk [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Krizik, Peter; Nosko, Martin; Hajovska, Zuzana [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia); Victoria Castro Riglos, Maria [Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9.500, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina); Rajner, Walter [New Materials Development GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 83410 Laufen, Leobendorf (Germany); Liu, De-Shin [National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Hsiung, 62102 Chia-Yi, Taiwan (China); Simancik, Frantisek [Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Racianska 75, 83102 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2014-09-08

Bulk Al–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} metal matrix composites (MMCs) named HITEMAL (high temperature aluminum) were fabricated in situ by forging compaction of five different types of gas-atomized commercial purity Al powders with a mean particle size in the range of 1–9 µm. As-forged HITEMAL consisted of (sub)micrometric Al grains (matrix) decorated with nanometric thick amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) skeleton. Low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) free of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were located in the Al grain interior. The Al grain size and the portion of LAGBs increased with the increase in the relative powder surface area. As-forged HITEMAL shows excellent thermal stability up to 400 °C for 24 h. Annealing at temperatures ≥450 °C led to crystallization and morphological transformation from a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to nanometric γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles. Owing to the pinning effect of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase, no Al grain growth took place during annealing up to 500 °C. HITEMAL showed attractive mechanical properties especially when tested at 300 °C (yield strength up to 220 MPa, Young's modulus up to 58 GPa). Despite the presence of a nearly continuous a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton along adjacent Al grains, forged HITEMAL materials had reasonable room temperature elongation of 7–26%. HITEMAL's elongation decreased as the Al grain size decreased and with increased testing temperature. The loss in elongation (uniform and total) was attributed to the inhomogeneous flow, which occurred due to high densities of high angle grain boundaries (dislocation sinks) and small content of LAGBs. The strength of HITEMAL stemmed from grain boundary mediated strengthening mechanisms. The results showed a positive deviation from the Hall–Petch plot, which is typical behavior of ultrafine-grained metals. Transformation of a-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} skeleton to γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles led to deterioration of the HITEMAL strength and Young's modulus.

Determination of Al concentration in Al doped ZnO using Auger spectra excited by Mo X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toth, J.; Koever, L.; Cserny, I.; Varga, D.

2006-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. A good conductor with excellent transparency is of crucial importance for the window layer of CIGS solar cells. Al doped ZnO is a good candidate for this purpose, its conductivity depends on the concentration and chemical state of the Al dopant atoms. It was demonstrated that the non-conventional XPS using Mo X-rays for excitation is a very sensitive tool for the detection of Al, P, Si [1, 2, 3]. The present paper compares the experimental ratios for Zn/Al photoinduced peak intensity ratios obtained using both Al and Mo X-ray excitations. The Mo excited Zn/Al intensity ratios can be determined with higher selectivity and sensitivity than the Zn/Al intensity ratios excited by Al X-rays. The experiments were performed with a hemispherical deflector electron spectrometer [4]. The chemical state of the Al was identified to be close to that in Al 2 O 3 . The atomic concentrations were determined using a calibration curve based on ZnO/Al samples with known composition of Al. The energy dependent efficiency of the electron spectrometer was determined comparing REELS spectra of Cu specimen to standard spectra measured by K. Goto (Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan). For evaluation of the Al atomic concentrations from the measured photoelectron intensities the photoionisation cross-sections of Band et al [5] and the IMFP data of S. Tanuma et al [6] and C.J. Powell and A. Jablonski [7] were used. (author)

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiao; Wang, Wei; Wang, Jingli; Wu, Hao; Liu, Chang

2017-03-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgGa δ doped AlGaN SLs. Mg acceptor activation energy was significantly reduced from 0.378 to 0.331 eV by using MgGa δ doping in SLs instead of traditional doping in alloys. This new process was confirmed to be able to realize high p-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN.

Al-Shebab: An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study (2Rev)

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

deputies responsible for finance , administration, and security. Coordination among regional groups is common.10 The deputy leader of al-Shebab, Mukhtar...Maaliya (Ministry of Finance ) controlled taxation. A complex court system also emerged. Multiple training camps were built that focused on hand-to-hand...Nathan Chandler, Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Somalia: Assessing the Campaign Against Al Shabaab, Rand Corporation , 2016, accessed 6/5

Decontestualizzazione del sintomo e biografia: il malessere dell'Homo narrativus - Narrarsi nella precarietà

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Bardi

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Partendo da alcune considerazioni antropologiche, che si riferiscono all'uomo come "narrativus" o "narrans" che dir si voglia, identificherei come condizione di benessere psicofisico il bisogno di vivere narrativamente, il bisogno cioè di biografia. Procederei poi a identificare come la medicina sia oggi spesso messa sotto accusa perché ha smarrito questa dimensione nell'eccesso di tecnologia e specializzazione. così si è creata un'estraneità tra medicina e salute in senso ampio. Procederei poi a rilevare come la posizione dell'uomo oggi venga resa frammentaria anche a livello lavorativo, impedendo il consolidarsi di biografie lineari- la precarietà sul lavoro costituirebbe come ulteriore attacco all'homo narrativus. In conclusione evidenzierei come recupero di salute "antropologica" implichi un modificarsi e della medicina e del lavoro.

I corpi disponibili dei lavoratori senza progetti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Pietrantoni

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Quei lavoratori senza progetti, cui sarcasticamente si allude nel titolo, debbono essere sempre pronti ad un nuovo incarico (non a caso si parla di missione, capaci di immaginarsi in nuove attività, plastici e performanti; traggono la loro motivazione e un’improbabile compensazione in un’impiegabilità, sempre revocabile e provvisoria, che trasforma il lavoro in una ricerca trobadorica, in un percorso spirituale. La possibilità di accedere ad un’occupazione è vincolata a un continuo rimodellamento della proprie caratteristiche, attitudini, abilità, con un dispendio di risorse, materiali e simboliche, che supera ampiamente la riorganizzazione di tempi e spazi di vita in funzione della produttività imposta dal fordismo, o l’iperidentificazione con il proprio lavoro nel senso weberiano del sentirsi vocati a ciò che si fa.

Experimental evidences for reducing Mg activation energy in high Al-content AlGaN alloy by MgGa δ doping in (AlN)m/(GaN)n superlattice

OpenAIRE

Xiao Wang; Wei Wang; Jingli Wang; Hao Wu; Chang Liu

2017-01-01

P-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is a main challenge for realizing AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet optoelectronics devices. According to the first-principles calculations, Mg activation energy may be reduced so that a high hole concentration can be obtained by introducing nanoscale (AlN)5/(GaN)1 superlattice (SL) in Al0.83Ga0.17N disorder alloy. In this work, experimental evidences were achieved by analyzing Mg doped high Al-content AlGaN alloys and Mg doped AlGaN SLs as well as MgG...

Tadris Al Mufradat Li Tathbiq Maharah Al Kalam Fi Madrasah Al Muallimin Al Islamiyyah Li Mahad Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2017-06-01

Full Text Available There are four  skills in teaching Arabic. Ie listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among these four, speaking considered one of the most important objectives of learning foreign language. In order to speak properly, one must know the vocabulary and apply it in a sentence. The aims of this research is to describe the teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill in the school of Islamic teachers in the Institute of Bait al Arqom Balong Jember. This study used qualitative approach. The data collection was taken trough observation, personal interview, history and documentation. The teaching of vocabulary to apply the speaking skill at the Islamic Teachers' School at the Institute of Bait Al Arqam Balong Jember has gone well in terms of planning (general objectives and specific objectives, implementation (materials, use of the teaching method and teaching aids, and evaluation (assessment and evaluation. This teaching is to apply the speaking skill in terms of conversation or dialogue and lecture.

NEK1 genetic variability in a Belgian cohort of ALS and ALS-FTD patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Hung Phuoc; Van Mossevelde, Sara; Dillen, Lubina; De Bleecker, Jan L; Moisse, Matthieu; Van Damme, Philip; Van Broeckhoven, Christine; van der Zee, Julie

2018-01-01

We evaluated the genetic impact of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk gene never in mitosis gene a-related kinase 1 (NEK1) in a Belgian cohort of 278 patients with ALS (n = 245) or ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD, n = 33) and 609 control individuals. We identified 2 ALS patients carrying a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation, p.Leu854Tyrfs*2 and p.Tyr871Valfs*17, that was absent in the control group. A third LOF variant p.Ser1036* was present in 2 sibs with familial ALS but also in an unrelated control person. Missense variants were common in both patients (3.6%) and controls (3.0%). The missense variant, p.Arg261His, which was previously associated with ALS risk, was detected with a minor allele frequency of 0.90% in patients compared to 0.33% in controls. Taken together, NEK1 LOF variants accounted for 1.1% of patients, although interpretation of pathogenicity and penetrance is complicated by the observation of occasional LOF variants in unaffected individuals (0.16%). Furthermore, enrichment of additional ALS gene mutations was observed in NEK1 carriers, suggestive of a "second hit" model were NEK1 variants may modify disease presentation of driving mutations. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette

2012-01-01

During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure. A sheet resistance as low as 327 Ω/□ with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10 13 cm -2 has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The effect of ammonia flow in the AlN spacer on the electrical properties of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gamarra, Piero; Lacam, Cedric; Magis, Michelle; Tordjman, Maurice; Di Forte Poisson, Marie-Antoinette [III-V Lab., Marcussis (France)

2012-01-15

During the past few years it has been reported that a thin AlN spacer of few nanometers needs to be inserted in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to obtain high 2DEG carrier mobility. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of varying the ammonia flow in the AlN spacer of InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMTs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The strain state, the surface roughness and the growth rate of AlN were found to be dependent on the V/III ratio. In addition the ammonia flow in the interlayer has a strong impact on the structural properties of the subsequent InAlN barrier layer and on the electrical properties of the structure.istance as low as 327 {omega}/{open_square} with a sheet carrier density of 1.5 x 10{sup 13} cm{sup -2} has been obtained at room temperature. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Assessment of phase constitution on the Al-rich region of rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolf, W., E-mail: witorw@gmail.com [Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Bolfarini, C., E-mail: cbolfa@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Kiminami, C.S., E-mail: kiminami@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Botta, W.J., E-mail: wjbotta@ufscar.br [Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP (Brazil)

2016-12-15

The formation of quasicrystalline approximants in rapidly solidified Al-Co-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated. Alloys of atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}, Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were produced using melt spinning and arc melting methods and their microstructural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Up to the present there is no consensus in the literature regarding the formation of quasicrystalline phase or quasicrystalline approximants in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy. This work presents, for the first time, a detailed structural characterization of selected alloys in the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system close to the atomic composition Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8}. The results indicated the samples to be composed, mostly, by two intermetallic phases, which are quaternary extensions of Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} and Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} and are quasicrystalline approximants. Although the Al{sub 5}Co{sub 2} phase has already been reported in the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the presence of the monoclinic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} is now identified for the first time in the as cast state. In the binary Al-Co system a quasicrystalline phase is known to form in a rapidly solidified alloy with composition close to the monoclinic and orthorhombic Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phases. This binary quasicrystalline phase presents an average valence electron per atom (e/a) between 1.7 and 1.9; thus, in addition to the Al{sub 71}Co{sub 13}Fe{sub 8}Cr{sub 8} alloy, the compositions Al{sub 77}Co{sub 11}Fe{sub 6}Cr{sub 6} and Al{sub 76}Co{sub 19}Fe{sub 4}Cr{sub 1} were chosen to be within the region of formation of the quaternary extension of the Al{sub 13}Co{sub 4} phase and also within the (e/a) of 1.7 to 1.9. However, no quasicrystalline phase is present in any of the studied alloys. The Al-Co-Fe-Cr system

Corrosion analysis of AlMg2 and AlMgSi using electrochemical method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dian A; Maman Kartaman; Rosika K; Yanlinastuti

2014-01-01

Corrosion test of cladding materials and structures of research reactor fuel, AlMgSi and AlMg2 have been performed in demineralized water of pH 2 and 6.7 using an electrochemical method. Corrosion phenomenon is affected by several factor such as composition and condition of solution. The purpose of this activity is to investigate the corrosion phenomena through the determination of the parameters of corrosion and polarization curve. The materials used are AlMg2 and AlMgSi alloy in circular dish shape with an area of 1 Cm"2. Preparation of the test sample is performed through several stages polishing, cleaning and drying procedures followed ASTM G3. The electrochemical method is done by measuring the open circuit potential (OCP), polarization resistance and potentiodynamic in demineralized water of pH 2 and pH 6.7 at temperature of 25°C. The results of the OCP is the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of AlMg2 and AlMgSi each of -906.1 mV and -619.8 mV at pH 2 and -868.6 and -756.7 mV at pH 6.7 mV. The results of measurements by polarization resistance technique showed that the corrosion rate of AlMg2 and AlMgSi in safe category (<2 mpy) at pH 6.7 and at pH 2 corrosion rate increased significantly, but still in the lightweight category (<20 mpy). Potentiodynamic curves showed that the passivation at pH 6.7 is very low while the passivation at pH 2 occurs within a relatively short range potential and followed events corroded. (author)

Catalytic effect of Al and AlN interlayer on the growth and properties of containing carbon films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Bing; Liu, Zhubo; Tang, Bin; Rogachev, A.V.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • DLC and CN x bilayers with Al (AlN) interlayer were fabricated by cathode arc technique. • Complete diffusion of Al and C atoms occurs at the interface of Al/DLC (CN x ) bilayer. • Al/CN x bilayer presents a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds. • The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but increases for the other bilayers. • Morphology of the bilayers was explained by growth mechanism of DLC and surface state of substrate. - Abstract: Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon nitride (CN x ) bilayer films with Al and AlN interlayer were fabricated by pulse cathode arc technique. The structure, composition, morphology and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by Raman, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Knoop sclerometer and surface profilometer. The results indicated that the complete diffusion between C and Al atoms occurs in the Al/DLC and Al/CN x bilayer. Al interlayer induces the increase of the size and ordering of Csp 2 clusters in the films but AlN interlayer increases the disordering degree of Csp 2 clusters. XPS results showed that a higher content of Csp 3 /Csp 2 bonds presents in the Al/CN x bilayer, and Al and AlN interlayer decreases the atomic ratio of N/C. AFM with phase contrast mode illustrated the morphologic characteristics of the bilayer films. All the bilayers show a nano-structural surface. The morphology changes of the bilayer were well explained by the surface state of the substrate and the growth mechanism of DLC films. The hardness of Al/DLC bilayer decreases but it increases for the other bilayers compared to the corresponding DLC (CN x ) monolayer. The internal stress of the bilayer is significantly lower than that of the monolayer except for the AlN/CN x bilayer. These studies could make the difference at the time of choosing a suitable functional film for certain application

Characteristics in AlN/AlGaN/GaN Multilayer-Structured High-Electron-Mobility Transistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gui-Zhou, Hu; Ling, Yang; Li-Yuan, Yang; Si, Quan; Shou-Gao, Jiang; Ji-Gang, Ma; Xiao-Hua, Ma; Yue, Hao

2010-01-01

A new multilayer-structured AlN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is demonstrated. The AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT exhibits the maximum drain current density of 800 mA/mm and the maximum extrinsic transconductance of 170 mS/mm. Due to the increase of the distance between the gate and the two-dimensional electron-gas channel, the threshold voltage shifts slightly to the negative. The reduced drain current collapse and higher breakdown voltage are observed on this AlN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The current gain cut-off frequency and the maximum frequency of oscillation are 18.5 GHz and 29.0 GHz, respectively. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

60Co gamma radiation effect on AlGaN//AlN/GaN HEMT devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yanping; Luo Yinhong; Wang Wei; Zhang Keying; Guo Hongxia; Guo Xiaoqiang; Wang Yuanming

2013-01-01

The testing techniques and experimental methods of the 60 Co gamma irradiation effect on AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are established. The degradation of the electrical properties of the device under the actual radiation environment are analyzed theoretically, and studies of the total dose effects of gamma radiation on AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at three different radiation bias conditions are carried out. The degradation patterns of the main parameters of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs at different doses are then investigated, and the device parameters that were sensitive to the gamma radiation induced damage and the total dose level induced device damage are obtained. (authors)

Cu-segregation at the Q'/α-Al interface in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuda, Kenji; Teguri, Daisuke; Uetani, Yasuhiro; Sato, Tatsuo; Ikeno, Susumu

2002-01-01

Cu segregation was detected at the Q ' /α-Al interface in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. By contrast, in a Cu-free Al-Mg-Si alloy no segregation was observed at the interface between the matrix and Type-C precipitate

Effect of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Commercial Pure Al and Hypoeutectic Al-8Si Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wanwu Ding

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy was synthesized by a method of thermal explosion reaction in pure molten aluminum and used to modify commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The microstructure and tensile properties of commercial pure Al and hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy with different additions of Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy were investigated. The results show that the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce alloy was composed of α-Al, granular TiC, lump-like TiAl3 and block-like Ti2Al20Ce. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min can significantly refine macro grains of commercial pure Al into tiny equiaxed grains. The Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 30 min still has a good refinement effect. The tensile strength and elongation of commercial pure Al modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (0.3 wt %, 5 min increased by roughly 19.26% and 61.83%, respectively. Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min can significantly refine both α-Al grains and eutectic Si of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy. The dendritic α-Al grains were significantly refined to tiny equiaxed grains. The morphology of the eutectic Si crystals was significantly refined from coarse needle-shape or lath-shape to short rod-like or grain-like eutectic Si. The tensile strength and elongation of hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy modified by the Al-5Ti-0.62C-0.2Ce master alloy (1.5 wt %, 10 min increased by roughly 20.53% and 50%, respectively. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti2AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150◦C. The composite mainly consisted ... Metal–matrix composites; mechanical properties; microstructures; sintering. 1. Introduction γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys have been extensively.

Stagnation of the exploitation of Al ores and the depression of world prices of Al

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Slavkovský Jozef

1999-03-01

Full Text Available In the contribution, data on Al – a metal of the 20th century are compiled together with the problems of genesis of the Al mineral raw ma-terials as well as types of bauxite and Al-laterite deposits. Furthermore, an overview of the world exploitation of bauxite during 1935-1980 is given along with the prognoses to 2000 and present situation (1992-1996. Overviews of the production of Al follows, providing its rela-tion to the bauxite exploitation. Contrary to the prognoses, a stabilization or stagnation has been observed in the exploitation of bauxite and production of Al during nineties, which a tendency is directly reflected in the world price of this commodity. When analyzing the Al prices for a longer period, some serious deviations can be noticed, that however presently represent a long-term minimum. We hope the stagnation of the production and the price decline are only temporary and new possibilities of the utilization of Al will be found soon.

A study on preparation and hydriding of β-Mg2Al3 and γ-Mg17Al12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hadi Suwarno

2009-01-01

The mechanism of the synthetic formation of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 has been studied. Mechanical alloying of Mg and Al powders with the atomic ratio of Mg:Al = 2:3 in toluene solution yields β-Mg 2 Al 3 compound after milling for 30 h. The γ-Mg 17 Al 12 can be formed by heating the β-Mg 2 Al 3 at 430°C under high vacuum. The measured hydrogen capacities of β-Mg 2 Al 3 and γ-Mg 17 Al 12 as hydride at 300°C are 3.2 and 4.9 wt%, respectively. Microstructure of the Mg-Al specimen shows that on hydriding at 300°C the polygonal shape of the γ-Mg 17 Al 12 changes into irregular shapes which are composed of γ-MgH 2 and Al. (author)

Marinbiologisk optegnelse i NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR

OpenAIRE

Provencal, Philippe

2014-01-01

I det arabiske geografiske værk NUḪBAT AL-DAHR FĪ ʿAǦ ʾIB AL-BARR WA-AL-BAḤR (færdigskrevet mellem 1324 og 1327) fra omtales seks dyr fra Adenbugten. Det dreje sig om savrokke, kuglefisk, pilrokke, pindsvinefisk og hvalhaj. Det sidste dyr har ikke kunnet bestemmes. Artiklen bringer en oversættelse af optegnelsen til engelsk samt både en filologisk som en biologisk kommentar. The aim of this article is to present a medieval Arabic report regarding sixanimals from the Gulf of Aden, to provid...

MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING IN URBAN (Case Study: Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque Makassar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imriyanti Imriyanti

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Mosque Architecture is a part of Islamic architecture. Mosque should be fused with elements of nature because its function as a place to pray to God who created the universe. Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque is used as a center of Islamic aspirations of the people and the government to accommodate all the activities of moslems in Makassar. Through this function, the provision of Al Markas Al Islamic mosque began from the desire of Islamic societies in Makassar, which wants the Islamic center to be equipped with facilities and infrastructure as well as architectural, monumental buildings and structures that can be last for hundreds of years (continuous, blend with the environment, and also can be used by the public. Having regard to the function of a mosque especially at the Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar mosque, then the problem that arise is how the Al Markas Al Islamic mosque can be survived/sustainable  in order  to function  as a place  of worship  and  as a center  of Islam.  This research  is a descriptive qualitative research that is trying to generate data in the form of systematic and accurate picture of the object of study. The sustaiprophetlity  of Al Markas AL Islamic mosque can be known through the concept of Islam  in accordance with the view of Islam as well as the sustaiprophetlity of the buildings that seen in the spatial pattern of the mosque, appearance, natural lighting, natural ventilation, and user behavior of the mosque. Keywords: mosque architecture, sustaiprophetlity, view of Islam     Abstrak Arsitektur masjid merupakan bagian dari arsitektur Islam. Bangunan masjid sebaiknya dapat menyatu dengan unsur alam karena masjid difungsikan sebagai wadah dalam bersujud/sembahyang  kepada Allah SWT yang menciptakan alam semesta ini. Masjid Al Markas Al Islamic Makassar merupakan kompleks kegiatan Islam yang digunakan sebagai pusat aspirasi masyarakat  dan pemerintahan  yang dapat menampung �

Adhesive and tribocorrosive behavior of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayers sputtered coatings over CoCrMo

Science.gov (United States)

Canto, C. E.; Andrade, E.; Rocha, M. F.; Alemón, B.; Flores, M.

2017-09-01

The tribocorrosion resistance and adherence of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by PVD reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt in order to enhance the tribocorrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Tribocorrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at typical body temperature with a tribometer in a pin on disk test. The elemental composition and thickness of the coating which behave better at the tribocorrosion tests were evaluated by means of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) technique, using an alpha particles beam of 1.8 MeV, before and after the reciprocating motion in the tribocorrosion test. In order to simulate the elemental profile of the samples, the SIMNRA simulation computer code was used. Measurements of the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate were carried on by means of a scratch test using a tribometer. By taking micrographs of the produced tracks, the critical loads at which the coatings are fully separated from the substrate were determined. From these tests it was observed that a coating with 10 min of TiAlPtN in a TiAlPtN/TiAl period of 30 min in multilayers of 10 periods and with an average thickness of 145 nm for the TiAlPtN nanolayers had the best tribocorrosion resistance behavior, compared to that of the CoCrMo alloy. The RBS experiments showed a reduction of the thickness of the films along with some loss of the multilayer structure after the reciprocating motion. The adhesion tests indicated that the multilayer with the average TiAlPtN thickness of 145 nm displayed the highest critical load. These results indicate a high correlation between the adherence and the tribocorrosion behavior.

Microstructure of Reaction Zone Formed During Diffusion Bonding of TiAl with Ni/Al Multilayer

Science.gov (United States)

Simões, Sónia; Viana, Filomena; Koçak, Mustafa; Ramos, A. Sofia; Vieira, M. Teresa; Vieira, Manuel F.

2012-05-01

In this article, the characterization of the interfacial structure of diffusion bonding a TiAl alloy is presented. The joining surfaces were modified by Ni/Al reactive multilayer deposition as an alternative approach to conventional diffusion bonding. TiAl substrates were coated with alternated Ni and Al nanolayers. The nanolayers were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering with 14 nm of period (bilayer thickness). Joining experiments were performed at 900 °C for 30 and 60 min with a pressure of 5 MPa. Cross sections of the joints were prepared for characterization of their interfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Several intermetallic compounds form at the interface, assuring the bonding of the TiAl. The interface can be divided into three distinct zones: zone 1 exhibits elongated nanograins, very small equiaxed grains are observed in zone 2, while zone 3 has larger equiaxed grains. EBSD analysis reveals that zone 1 corresponds to the intermetallic Al2NiTi and AlNiTi, and zones 2 and 3 to NiAl.

Al-quran dalam Perspektif Budaya

OpenAIRE

Sudrajat, Ajat

2009-01-01

Al-Quran merupakan kitab suci terakhir yang diturunkan kepada manusia. Tujuan utama diturunkannya al-Quran adalah sebagai kitab petunjuk yang meliputi bidang akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Akan tetapi di luar ketiga petunjuk tersebut, al-Quran telah memberikan motivasi dan inspirasi kepada umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan sehingga melahirkan jenis budaya tertentu. Dialog intelektual yang dilakukan secara kreatif oleh umat Islam terhadap al-Quran ternyata telah menghasilkan lahirnya ge...

DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI DI UN CAPOLAVORO DI CARAVAGGIO IMMAGINI OLTRE IL VISIBILE PER IL SEPPELLIMENTO DI SANTA LUCIA PROVENIENTE DALLA CHIESA DI SANTA LUCIA AL SEPOLCRO DI SIRACUSA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Prestileo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available

Il 28 maggio 1606 Michelangelo Merisi fugge da Roma dove non fará mai piú ritorno; l’ultimo duello gli è costato la condanna a morte. Iniziano per lui gli anni della latitanza, anni che trascorrerá tra Napoli, Malta e la Sicilia. Nel suo passaggio in Sicilia, Caravaggio realizza dipinti di eccezionale qualitá, sicuramente tra i piú belli della sua breve e intensa esistenza. Nell’isola l’artista arriva nell’ottobre del 1608, dopo l’ennesima fuga, questa volta da Malta. La sua prima tappa siciliana è Siracusa, dove vive un artista suo amico: Mario Minniti. Da lui trova riparo e lavoro perché dipinge su commissione una grande tela per la chiesa di Santa Lucia al Sepolcro, Il Seppellimento di Santa Lucia, realizzata in un breve lasso di tempo, trasferendosi Caravaggio a Messina nel dicembre dello stesso anno.

Diagnostic campaign on Caravaggio’s painting

The Assessorato dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana, Diparti-mento dei Beni Culturali e  dell'Identitá Siciliana, Regione Siciliana (i nomi italiani tutti in corsivo has carried out a diagnostic cam-paign on the painting Il Seppellimento di Santa Lucia (oil on canvas, 1608 by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, in order to evaluate the state of conservation of the work of art before its return to Syracu-se, in the Church of S. Lucia al Sepolcro (the original placing from which the painting was removed at the end of the Seventies due to the unsuitable and unstable environment conditions of the exhibi-tion area, which inevitably led to its bad conservation conditions. The diagnostic campaign has been carried out in situ with portable instruments, for a one-month period, during the open exhibition in the Regional Gallery of Sicily of Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo, where the painting has temporarily been displayed in 2006. The investigations were aimed at having a deeper knowledge of the work of art with reference

ITIJAHAT KAUN AL-NABI WA AL-RASUL FI SYAKHSIYAH MUHAMMAD FI NATSR MAULID AL-BARZANJI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Himmah Istomah

2017-08-01

Full Text Available One of human personalities is humanist. Based on the understanding of Maslow’s theory of motivation, researcher seeks to uncover kinds of motivational needs of Muhammad Saw contained in Maulid Al-Barzanjiy (the work of Ja 'far bin Hasan al-Barzanji (d. 1763 M. The goal is realized through a descriptive qualitative approach with  text analysis  about Psycholiterature of Endraswara. The results of this study indicate that in Maulid Al-Barzanji there are Muhammad Saw’s five needs and how their satisfying perfectly,  namely: physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Thus, it can be interpreted that Muhammad SAW as an ordinary human having motivational needs. His prophetic and apostleship honor is not a direct blessing from Allah, but he had been through some complicated processes in life. This can be applied by his followers, so they can complete their motivational needs to reach the satiation as a caliph and to be useful person in this world.

Microstructure and bonding mechanism of Al/Ti bonded joint using Al-10Si-1Mg filler metal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohn, Woong H.; Bong, Ha H.; Hong, Soon H.

2003-01-01

The microstructures and liquid state diffusion bonding mechanism of cp-Ti to 1050 Al using an Al-10.0wt.%Si-1.0wt.%Mg filler metal with 100 μm in thickness have been investigated at 620 deg. C under 1x10 -4 Torr. The effects of bonding process parameters on microstructure of bonded joint have been analyzed by using an optical microscope, AES, scanning electron microscopy and EDS. The interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti bonded joints was measured by the single lap shear test. The results show that the bonding at the interface between Al and filler metal proceeds by wetting the Al with molten filler metal, and followed by removal of oxide layer on surface of Al. The interface between Al and filler metal moved during the isothermal solidification of filler metal by the diffusion of Si from filler metal into Al layer. The interface between Al and filler metal became curved in shape with increasing bonding time due to capillary force at grain boundaries. The bonding at the interface between Ti and filler metal proceeds by the formation of two different intermetallic compound layers, identified as Al 5 Si 12 Ti 7 and Al 12 Si 3 Ti 5 , followed by the growth of the intermetallic compound layers. The interfacial bond strength at Al/Ti joint increased with increasing bonding time up to 25 min at 620 deg. C. However, the interfacial bond strength of Al/Ti joint decreased after bonding time of 25 min at 620 deg. C due to formation of cavities in Al near Al/intermetallic interfaces

Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue in Ti3Al based and TiAl based intermetallics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

James, A.W.; Chave, R.A.; Hippsley, C.A.; Bowen, P.

1993-01-01

Micromechanisms of fracture and fatigue crack growth resistance in specific Ti 3 Al based and TiAl based intermetallics are reviewed. Effects of test temperature, environment and microstructure on crack growth resistance are considered in detail for several Ti 3 Al and Ti'Al based intermetallic systems under development. The implications of these studies for the structural reliability of these materials is also addressed briefly. (orig.)

Core electron binding energy shifts of AlBr3 and Al2Br6 vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, Astrid M.; Plenge, Juergen; Leone, Stephen R.; Canton, Sophie E.; Rude, Bruce S.; Bozek, John D.

2006-01-01

The Al 2p and Br 3d inner-shell photoelectron spectra of aluminum tribromide monomer and dimer vapor were measured at 90 and 95 eV photon energy, respectively, to determine the core electron binding energies of the atoms in the two molecular species. While AlBr 3 has three identical Br atoms, Al 2 Br 6 exhibits four terminal and two bridging Br atoms. The species are identified by their distinct valence photoelectron spectra. Comparison of the observed Al 2p 1/2 and Al 2p 3/2 electron binding energies of AlBr 3 with those of Al 2 Br 6 shows that there is a chemical shift of (0.15 ± 0.03) eV to lower energy in the dimer. In Al 2 Br 6 , an assignment is proposed in which the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of terminal Br atoms are (1.18 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms. This assignment assumes that both types of Br atoms have similar cross-sections for ionization. With this result, the Br 3d 3/2 and Br 3d 5/2 binding energies of Br atoms in AlBr 3 are (0.81 ± 0.03) eV lower than those of bridging Br atoms of the dimer but (0.37 ± 0.03) eV higher than those of terminal Br atoms of the dimer. The obtained chemical shifts are considered in terms of the binding relations and electron density distributions in both molecules. Chemical shifts that are larger than a few hundred millielectron volts, as observed in the Al 2 Br 6 /AlBr 3 system, offer potential to study the dissociation dynamics of the dimer in a femtosecond visible or ultraviolet-pump/XUV-probe experiment

PENDEKATAN HERMENEUTIK DALAM PEMAHAMAN HADIS (Kajian Kitab Fath al-Bari Karya Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agusni Yahya

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The hadith explanation book of Sahih al-Bukhari written by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani, Fath al-Bari, is one of the most pupular books in Moslem ummah. Is widely used by Moslem scholars to meet the meanings of hadiths compiled by the imam al-Bukhari in his Sahih al-Bukhari. Fath al-Bari is considered significant to do the research on it in order to develop the science of hadith, mainly through the hermeneutic method. By using this method, the research questions are: 1. How does Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani explain the matans (hadith texts of Sahih al Bukhari in connection with hermeneutic method? 2. What are the hermeneutic principles used by Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani in his explanations of hadith? This research is expected to respond the research questions above so that it can be implimented the field of hadith in relation to develop hadith methodology. Finally, the research uncover that in his explanations of hadiths,  Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani is oriented his world views to the classical Islam, the era of Prophet’s companions and their successors, the Salaf al-Salih. He does not express the Islamic world issues available in his time in his explanations of the hadiths. He is considered a normative ‘ulama since he is not influenced by the emerging cases situated his time in Egypt, Mecca and Madina. He tends to be textual to explain the matans of hadiths although to some extent he uncovers the historical contexts of the hadiths he explains. This is common for a muhadith  whose main jobs is to collect and narrate the whole data on Prophet's sayings, acts and permissions either on sanads (narrators or matans (texts.Keywords:  Fath al-Bari; sharh al-hadith; hermeneutik.

Ricerca empirico-sperimentale in pedagogia… Alcuni appunti su riflessione teorica e sistematicità metodologica.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ira Vannini

2009-07-01

Full Text Available In questo breve saggio, si vogliono ripercorrere le fasi principali attraverso le quali si sviluppa un percorso di ricerca empirica e sperimentale in educazione, allo scopo di riflettere su alcune questioni importanti che si propongono al ricercatore durante il suo lavoro di indagine. Negli ultimi decenni, il dibattito nazionale e internazionale a questo proposito è stato molto vivace e complesso; la presente trattazione non pretende dunque di essere in alcun modo esaustiva, bensì mira a delineare i momenti più significativi che caratterizzano un itinerario di indagine e a sottolineare il valore del fare ricerca in educazione quale prassi – di pensiero e di azione – che esige di essere, da un lato, teoricamente fondata e, dall’altro lato, metodologicamente rigorosa. Nel saggio verrà prediletto l’approccio più propriamente sperimentale e quantitativo, al fine di evidenziarne le peculiarità e le valenze nell’ambito della ricerca empirica in pedagogia; tale approccio sarà tuttavia analizzato e discusso criticamente alla luce delle più recenti riflessioni sui paradigmi teorici della ricerca nelle scienze sociali e sulle possibilità e i limiti dell’integrazione, teorica e metodologica, tra approcci quantitativo e qualitativo.

La mobilità negli strumenti di governo delle trasformazioni urbane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Anna La Rocca

2010-04-01

Full Text Available La riorganizzazione del sistema della mobilità è spesso una delle chiavi interpretative più rilevanti nelle scelte di governo delle trasformazioni urbane. Nella gran parte degli interventi di trasformazione urbana orientati alla riqualificazione della città il ruolo delle scelte connesse al sistema della mobilità è sempre più incidente anche per la definizione del disegno urbano delle aree di trasformazione, ma soprattutto per migliorare l’efficienza e la vivibilità del sistema urbano. Il ruolo della pianificazione del sistema della mobilità rappresenta l’oggetto di questo lavoro. In particolare, l’articolo si sofferma su alcuni piani urbanistici di recente produzione elaborati per città italiane di grandi dimensioni (Roma, Bologna, Milano per i quali la pianificazione del sistema della mobilità ha costituito l’occasione per rilanciare una nuova visione della città. Gli esempi riportati in questo articolo rappresentano il tentativo di mostrare come, in qualche misura, la pratica urbanistica stia rispondendo alla necessità di integrare obiettivi di sviluppo urbano ed esigenze della pianificazione dei trasporti orientandoli verso obiettivi comuni tesi al raggiungimento di una maggiore vivibilità.

Thermophysical properties of αAl2O3, MgAl2O4 and AlN at low tempertures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burghartz, S.

1995-12-01

A possibility for producing energy in future might be the nuclear fusion. The process of nuclear fusion is characterized by melting nuclei of hydrogen atoms (deuterium and tritium) which yield to the production of helium atom nuclei. For this process extremely high temperatures of the deuterium-tritium-gas plasma are necessary. The additional heating of the plasma by microwaves requires materials with low diaelectric losses and high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity can be increased by cooling the windows which lead to the plasma chambre. Experimental investigations with the aim to check the influence of liquid nitrogen (T=70 K) on the cooling of the windows were performed in the temperature region 70 K 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN were measured. The thermal conductivity can be calculated using the equation λ=αc p ρ λ=thermal conductivity α=thermal diffusivity c p =specific heat (at constant pressure) ρ=density. Furthermore a theoretical method to calculate the thermal conductivity at low temperatures is presented; this is done by using a model modification of heat transport in electric insulators. As result the influence of intrinsic parameters (crystal structure, interatomar binding, anharmonicity) and extrinsic parameters (point defects, dislocations, boundary areas) upon thermal conductivity of α-Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and AlN are achieved. (orig.)

Grain refinement of Al wrought alloys with newly developed AlTiC master alloys; Kornfeinung von Al-Knetlegierungen mit neu entwickelten AlTiC-Vorlegierungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schneider, W. [Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke AG, Bonn (Germany). Forschung und Entwicklung

2000-10-01

AlTiC master alloys are a new grain refiner type to produce an equiaxed grain structure of cast extrusion and rolling ingots. These master alloys contain Ti carbides which act as nucleants of the {alpha} solid solution during solidification. The TiC content is lower than the TiB{sub 2} content of the industrial proved AlTiB master alloys. Benefits of the AlTiC master alloys are the low agglomeration tendency of the Ti carbides in the melt and that no Zr poisoning takes place. Despite of the low Ti carbide content the grain refinement performance can be very efficient, if low melt temperatures during casting will be used and as result of this a sufficient constitutional supercooling at the solidification front is achieved. (orig.)

Advanced life support (ALS) instructors experience of ALS education in Western Australia: a qualitative exploratory research study.

Science.gov (United States)

Taplin, John; McConigley, Ruth

2015-04-01

When cardiac arrest occurs, timely competent advanced life support (ALS) interventions by nursing staff can influence patient outcomes. Ongoing ALS education influences maintenance of competency and avoids skill decay. To explore the methods of ALS education delivery for nurses in the workplace; describe the issues relating to maintaining ALS competency; explore ALS competency decay for nurses and develop recommendations for the provision of continuing ALS education. A qualitative exploratory design was used to study ALS education provision in the workplace. Data were collected from ALS nurse experts in Western Australia by face-to-face and phone interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and organised around a set of predetermined questions. Two major themes were identified; the first theme Demand and Supply describes the increasing demand for ALS education for nurses and the challenges with providing timely cost effective traditional face-to-face ALS education. The second theme, Choosing The Best Education Options describes new ways to provide ALS education using emerging technologies. The study suggested that using e-learning methods would assist with educating the maximum amount of nurses in a timely manner and e-learning and teleconferencing offer opportunities to reach nurses in distant locations. Delivering ALS education more frequently than annually would increase skills maintenance and lessen skill decay. Further research is required to explore which blended e-learning model is best suited to ALS education. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Al-Qaeda-Syria (AQS): An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict CT Counterterrorism FF Foreign Fighter FSA Free Syrian Army GEC Global Engagement Center HTS Hay’at...war as an opportunity for the global jihadist movement, an opportunity that paralleled the one Iraq had offered a decade earlier.11 He was initially...Zawahiri’s vision of Al-Qaeda franchises oriented toward winning popular support. When al-Zawahiri published his “General Guidelines for Jihad” in

Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qu, Jun; He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin; Zhang, Qiwu; Liu, Xinzhong

2017-01-01

In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)_3) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu-Al and methyl orange intercalated Cu-Al layered double hydroxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qu, Jun, E-mail: forsjun@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); He, Xiaoman; Chen, Min; Hu, Huimin [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Zhang, Qiwu, E-mail: zhangqw@whut.edu.cn [School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Liu, Xinzhong [College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118 China (China)

2017-04-15

In this study, a mechanochemical route to synthesize a Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and a methyl orange (MO) intercalated one (MO-LDH) was introduced, in which basic cupric carbonate (Cu{sub 2}(OH){sub 2}CO{sub 3}) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH){sub 3}) with Cu/Al molar ratio at 2/1 was first dry ground for 2 h and then agitated in water or methyl orange solution for another 4 h to obtain the LDH and MO-LDH products without any heating operation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The products showed high crystallinity phase of Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH with no evident impurities, proving that the craft introduced here was facile and effective. The new idea can be applied in other fields to produce organic-inorganic composites. - Highlights: • A facile mechanochemical route to synthesize Cu-Al and MO intercalated Cu-Al LDH. • The products possesses high crystalline of LDH phase with no impure phases. • The dry milling process induces the element substitution between the raw materials. • The agitation operation helps the grain growth of LDH.

Superstructure formation in PrNi_2Al_3 and ErPd_2Al_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eustermann, Fabian; Hoffmann, Rolf-Dieter; Janka, Oliver; Oldenburg Univ.

2017-01-01

The intermetallic phase ErPd_2Al_3 was obtained by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing for crystal growth. The sample was studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. The structure of ErPd_2Al_3 was refined from X-ray diffraction data and revealed a superstructure of PrNi_2Al_3 - a CaCu_5 derivative (P6/m, a=1414.3(1), c=418.87(3) pm wR=0.0820, 1060 F"2 values, 48 variables). The same superstructure was subsequently found for PrNi_2Al_3 (P6/m, a=1407.87(4), c=406.19(2) pm, wR=0.0499, 904 F"2 values, 47 variables). In the crystal structure, the aluminium and transition metal atoms form a polyanionic network according to [T_2Al_3]"δ"-, while rare earth atoms fill cavities within the networks. They are coordinated by six transition metal and twelve aluminum atoms. In contrast to the PrNi_2Al_3 type structure reported so far, two crystallographic independent rare-earth sites are found of which one (1b) is shifted by 1/2 z, causing a distortion in the structure along with a recoloring of the T and Al atoms in the network.

Derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento: derechos estrechamente vinculados al derecho a la vida

OpenAIRE

Fernández Aller, Maria Celia; Luis Romero, Elena de; Guzmán Acha, Cristina

2013-01-01

Los derechos humanos al agua y al saneamiento están íntimamente relacionados con otros derechos esenciales para la vida, como la alimentación o la salud. Su reconocimiento como derechos humanos en 2010 marca un hito importante en el respeto, protección y realización de estos derechos, que se encuentran seriamente vulnerados para una mayoría de población más vulnerable y empobrecida, sobre todo en el ámbito rural. Mucho camino queda aún para conseguir no sólo la disponibilidad de agua y saneam...

Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xinghang [Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

2016-11-10

The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

Deformation mechanisms of nanotwinned Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xinghang

2016-01-01

The objective of this project is to investigate the role of different types of layer interfaces on the formation of high density stacking fault (SF) in Al in Al/fcc multilayers, and understand the corresponding deformation mechanisms of the films. Stacking faults or twins can be intentionally introduced (via growth) into certain fcc metals with low stacking fault energy (such as Cu, Ag and 330 stainless steels) to achieve high strength, high ductility, superior thermal stability and good electrical conductivity. However it is still a major challenge to synthesize these types of defects into metals with high stacking fault energy, such as Al. Although deformation twins have been observed in some nanocrystalline Al powders by low temperature, high strain rate cryomilling or in Al at the edge of crack tip or indentation (with the assistance of high stress intensity factor), these deformation techniques typically introduce twins sporadically and the control of deformation twin density in Al is still not feasible. This project is designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Certain type of layer interfaces may assist the formation of SF in Al, (2) Al with high density SF may have deformation mechanisms drastically different from those of coarse-grained Al and nanotwinned Cu. To test these hypotheses, we have performed the following tasks: (i) Investigate the influence of layer interfaces, stresses and deposition parameters on the formation and density of SF in Al. (ii) Understand the role of SF on the deformation behavior of Al. In situ nanoindentation experiments will be performed to probe deformation mechanisms in Al. The major findings related to the formation mechanism of twins and mechanical behavior of nanotwinned metals include the followings: 1) Our studies show that nanotwins can be introduced into metals with high stacking fault energy, in drastic contrast to the general anticipation. 2) We show two strategies that can effectively introduce growth twins in

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-18Si Alloy Modified with Al-3B.

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Chunjie; Tu, Hao; Wu, Changjun; Wang, Jianhua; Su, Xuping

2018-03-20

An hypereutectic Al-18Si alloy was modified via an Al-3B master alloy. The effect of the added Al-3B and the modification temperature on the microstructure, tensile fracture morphologies, and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated using an optical microscope, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, a scanning electron microscope, and a universal testing machine. The results show that the size of the primary Si and its fraction decreased at first, and then increased as an additional amount of Al-3B was added. When the added Al-3B reached 0.2 wt %, the fraction of the primary Si in the Al-18Si alloy decreased with an increase in temperature. Compared with the unmodified Al-18Si alloy, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy modified at 850 °C with 0.2 wt % Al-3B increased by 25% and 81%, respectively. The tensile fracture of the modified Al-18Si alloy exhibited partial ductile fracture characteristics, but there were more areas with ductile characteristics compared with that of the unmodified Al-18Si alloy.

26Mg(p,n)26Al and 23Na(α,n)26Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skelton, R.T.

1985-01-01

Cross sections for the 26 Mg(p,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 4.988 MeV to 5.820 MeV. Cross sections for the 23 Na(α,n) 26 Al reaction were measured from threshold at 3.483 MeV to 4.597 MeV. In each case, separate measurements were to the ground state and to the first and second excited states of 26 Al. Cross sections for the inverse reactions were calculated and reaction rate factors relating to the destruction of 26 Al in a supernova environment were determined. Astrophysical implications relating to the observation of live and extinct 26 Al are discussed. Excitation functions for several additional exit channels for the 26 Mg + rho and 23 Na + α reactions are reported

Leggere è una festa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippe Lejeune

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Come è possibile? Io, così agnostico, perché sono sollecitato da immagini religiose? Abbiamo inventato a poco a poco, dal 1992, poi ritualizzato, il nostro modo di fare. Una “liturgia” regola il corso delle nostre riunioni: è la “carta” dei gruppi di lettura. Le procedure devono essere le stesse in tutti i gruppi, al fine di garantire la coerenza di questo immenso lavoro. Vi è un’ortodossia, un’istanza di controllo che si preoccupa delle alterazioni delle regole, delle procedure d’invito … Come per gli ordini monastici c’è un noviziato (ogni nuovo partecipante è preso “in prova” in un gruppo e dei voti da pronunziare, in particolare quello di “leggere in simpatia” (su questo ci ritornerò dopo – voto di spoliazione di sé per aprirsi all’altro – scoprendo per gradi che non è facile come sembra.

Il problem solving aritmetico: analisi dei processi cognitivi e metacognitivi e illustrazione del software "Risolvere problemi aritmetici"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonella D'Amico

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Il presente contributo esamina la letteratura relativa al problem solving matematico ed illustra uno strumento multimediale per la soluzione dei problemi aritmetici in bambini del secondo ciclo della scuola primaria e in bambini che presentano difficoltà in tale area. Il software presenta sia un modulo test, in cui vengono presentati problemi aritmetici di livello di difficoltà crescente, che un modulo di training. Il training è stato elaborato in base alle più recenti ricerche nell’area del problem solving matematico e prevede attività sulla comprensione, rappresentazione, categorizzazione e pianificazione del problema. Il training prevede inoltre particolari attività che stimolano l’uso della memoria di lavoro nella soluzione dei problemi. Il training si presenta come metacognitivamente orientato, in quanto i personaggi guida dell’ambientazione si configurano come compagni di studio che stimolano la riflessione metacognitiva rispetto alle attività affrontate.

Esercizi di fisica meccanica e termodinamica

CERN Document Server

Dalba, G

2006-01-01

La risoluzione di esercizi rappresenta uno strumento indispensabile per raggiungere una comprensione sicura e approfondita dei concetti di Fisica appresi dai corsi e dai testi di teoria. Frutto di una lunga esperienza didattica dei due autori nell'insegnamento universitario della meccanica e della termodinamica, questa raccolta contiene 188 esercizi, di cui 91 completamente risolti ed accompagnati da un ampio corredo di figure. Il peimo capitolo presenta un'introduzione ai sistemi di unità di misura, al calcolo dimensionale, all'uso corretto delle cifre significative e degli arrotondamenti, ai grafici. Gli altri capitoli contengono gli esercizi, suddivisi per argomento e preceduti da una serie di paragrafi riassuntivi dei concetti fondamentali. Criterio ispiratore di questo lavoro è l'adozione di una metodologia per la soluzione degli esercizi basata sempre sull'analisi accurata dei dati a disposizione e sul riferimento ai principi e alle leggi della Fisica, mai alla sola intuizione.

Mathematics teaching and learning: a paper starting from Invalsi data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veronica Riccardi

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This paper illustrates the main teaching practices features in the Italian primary and secondary school, by using new data, provided by Invalsi, about teachers’ daily activities. We merge such information with the scores achieved by the students in the Invalsi test. Our study reframes the cognitive test results in mathematics from a new bottom-up perspective, that is internal to the educational system. La didattica della matematica e gli apprendimenti: un contributo a partire dai dati InvalsiLa finalità principale del presente lavoro è di illustrare alcune caratteristiche delle pratiche didattiche del primo e del secondo ciclo di istruzione, utilizzando alcuni nuovi dati forniti da Invalsi sulle attività quotidiane degli insegnanti. Unendo queste informazioni con i punteggi ottenuti dagli studenti nel test Invalsi, si vogliono approfondire i risultati ottenuti dagli studenti in matematica partendo da una nuova prospettiva, interna al sistema di educazione. 

effect of the parameters of AlN/GaN/AlGaN and AlN/GaN/InAlN heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical properties and the characteristics of transistors on their basis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsatsulnikov, A. F., E-mail: andrew@beam.ioffe.ru [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Lundin, V. W.; Zavarin, E. E.; Yagovkina, M. A.; Sakharov, A. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical–Technical Institute (Russian Federation); Usov, S. O. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation); Zemlyakov, V. E.; Egorkin, V. I. [National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) (Russian Federation); Bulashevich, K. A.; Karpov, S. Yu. [“Soft-Impact” Ltd. (Russian Federation); Ustinov, V. M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Submicron Heterostructures for Microelectronics Research and Engineering Center (Russian Federation)

2016-10-15

The effect of the layer thickness and composition in AlGaN/AlN/GaN and InAlN/AlN/GaN transistor heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on their electrical and the static parameters of test transistors fabricated from such heterostructures are experimentally and theoretically studied. It is shown that the use of an InAlN barrier layer instead of AlGaN results in a more than twofold increase in the carrier concentration in the channel, which leads to a corresponding increase in the saturation current. In situ dielectric-coating deposition on the InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure surface during growth process allows an increase in the maximum saturation current and breakdown voltages while retaining high transconductance.

Fabrication and thermal characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavoosi, Majid, E-mail: ma.tavoosi@gmail.com

2017-01-15

In this study, the fabrication and structural characterization of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti phase has been performed. In this regards, milling and annealing processes were applied on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} (at. %) powder mixture for different periods of time. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). According to the results, supersaturated solid solution, nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti (with average crystallite size of about 7 nm) and amorphous phases indicated three different microstructures which can be formed in Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} system during milling process. The formed supersaturated solid solution and amorphous phases were unstable and transformed to Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound during annealing process. It is shown that, Al{sub 9}FeNi phase in Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound can decompose into Al{sub 3}Ni, Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} and liquid phases during a reversible peritectic reaction at 809 °C. - Highlights: • We study the effect of milling process on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} alloy. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} supersaturated solid solution phase. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} amorphous phase. • We study the thermal behaviour of Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound.

Computer aided cooling curve analysis for Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effect of grain refiner, modifier, and combination of grain refiner cum modifier was studied on Al-5Si and Al-11Si alloys using computer aided cooling curve analysis. For combined grain refinement and modification effect, Al-Ti-B-Sr single master alloy was developed that acted as both grain refiner and modifier.

AL-USRCRN Station Information

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Documentation of United States Alabama Regional Climate Reference Network (AL-USRCRN) installations in 2006. Installations documented are for AL-USRCRN pilot project...

Gd3+-ESR and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu4Al8 and GdMn4Al8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coldea, R.; Coldea, M.; Pop, I.

1994-01-01

Gd ESR of GdCu 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu 4 Al 8 , GdMn 4 Al 8 , and YMn 4 Al 8 were measured in the temperature range of 290K--460K and 90K--1050K, respectively. The occurrence of the Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 is strongly correlated with the critical value of d∼2.6 angstrom of the Mn-Mn distance below which the Mn moment is not stable. The experimental data for GdMn 4 Al 8 , compared with the data for the isostructural compounds GdCu 4 Al 8 and YMn 4 Al 8 , show that near the critical value of d, the existence of Mn moment depends not only on the value of d, but also on the local magnetic surroundings. It has been revealed that the magnetic character of Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 changes from an itinerant electron type to a local-moment type with increasing temperature

Effect of AlB2-Mg interaction on the mechanical properties of Al-based composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calderon, Hermes E.; Hidalgo, Ruth G.I.; Melgarejo, Z. Humberto; Suarez, O. Marcelo

2010-01-01

A series of Al-based composites with a matrix containing 2.5 wt.%Cu and 1 wt.%Mg, and reinforced with Al diborides was manufactured and characterized via microscopy and mechanical testing. The impact resistance of the composites revealed interaction between AlB 2 dispersoids and Mg originally present in the Al matrix. An unexpected increase in the absorbed impact energy of composites with diborides prompted complementary experiments leading to this finding. Hardness tests were correlated to those results and provided further evidence of the interaction between Mg and the dispersoids. Additional energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffraction tests supported with crystal modeling demonstrated that Mg effectively diffused into the AlB 2 crystal producing a doped structure with an Al 1-x Mg x B 2 formula where x lies between 0.08 and 0.15.

Potential skin involvement in ALS: revisiting Charcot's observation - a review of skin abnormalities in ALS.

Science.gov (United States)

Paré, Bastien; Gros-Louis, François

2017-07-26

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Interestingly, many skin changes have been reported in ALS patients, but never as yet fully explained. These observations could be due to the common embryonic origin of the skin and neural tissue known as the ectodermal germ layer. Following the first observation in ALS patients' skin by Dr Charcot in the 19th century, in the absence of bedsores unlike other bedridden patients, other morphological and molecular changes have been observed. Thus, the skin could be of interest in the study of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes skin changes reported in the literature over the years and discusses about a novel in vitro ALS tissue-engineered skin model, derived from patients, for the study of ALS.

Effects of O in a binary-phase TiAl-Ti3Al alloy: from site occupancy to interfacial energetics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei Ye; Xu Huibin; Zhou Hongbo; Zhang Ying; Lu Guanghong

2011-01-01

We have investigated site occupancy and interfacial energetics of a TiAl-Ti 3 Al binary-phase system with O using a first-principles method. Oxygen is shown to energetically occupy the Ti-rich octahedral interstitial site, because O prefers to bond with Ti rather than Al. The occupancy tendency of O in TiAl alloy from high to low is α 2 -Ti 3 Al to the γ-α 2 interface and γ-TiAl. We demonstrate that O can largely affect the mechanical properties of the TiAl-Ti 3 Al system. Oxygen at the TiAl-Ti 3 Al interface reduces both the cleavage energy and the interface energy, and thus weakens the interface strength but strongly stabilizes the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface with the O 2 molecule as a reference. Consequently, the mechanical property variation of TiAl alloy due to the presence of O not only depends on the number of TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfaces but also is related to the O concentration in the alloy.

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jianing, E-mail: ljnljn1022@163.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Chen Chuanzhong [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Squartini, Tiziano [INFM-Department of Physics, Siena University, Siena 53100 (Italy); He Qingshan [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China)

2010-12-15

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

IL CAMPO GEOMAGNETICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. MOLINA

1972-06-01

Full Text Available Questo lavoro non è un trattato sul campo geomagnetico e nemmeno
una rassegna sull'argomento, almeno nel significato che normalmente
si attribuisce al termine « rassegna »; esso è semplicemente
un tentativo di condensare in termini comprensibili agli studiosi non
specializzati ciò che oggi si sa o si ipotizza sul magnetismo terrestre
e sulle sue cause. Chi scrive si è sempre trovato a disagio di fronte
alle richieste di una spiegazione sull'origine del campo magnetico
terrestre: o si cerca di cavarsela con poche parole (« si tratta di correnti
elettriche indotte nell'interno della Terra » che possono forse accontentare
chi non si occupa in modo particolare di problemi scientifici
ma non possono soddisfare un fisico, oppure ci si sente obbligati a
tentare faticosamente di approfondire, sia per capirli personalmente
che per poterli poi spiegare agli altri, argomenti e ragionamenti che
sono in realtà accessibili solo a un fisico teorico ben preparato. Apparentemente
non esiste una via di mezzo, come del resto in molti altri
campi della fisica contemporanea.
La presente monografia rappresenta appunto il tentativo di trovare
questa via di mezzo: nel terzo capitolo, dedicato alle teorie sull'origine
del campo geomagnetico, si cerca di descrivere qualitativamente
i principali processi fisici proposti come sorgenti del campo,
dopo un accenno ai fondamenti fisici e matematici sui quali sono state
elaborate le varie teorie. Senza farmi soverchie illusioni di essere riuscito
nell'intento, mi dichiarerei tuttavia soddisfatto se questo lavoro
destasse sull'argomento l'interesse di qualche giovane ricercatore, incoraggiandolo
ad un approfondimento.

Synthesis behavior of nanocrystalline Al-Al2O3 composite during low time mechanical milling process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alizadeh, Mostafa; Aliabadi, Morteza Mirzaei

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → In the low time milling the effect of Al 2 O 3 amount is investigated → Al 2 O 3 particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix → In the low time milling it is possible to produce nanostructured composite powder → Median size and bulk density measurements demonstrate reaching the steady state. - Abstract: In this work, four different volume fractions of Al 2 O 3 (10, 20, 30 and 40 vol.%) were mixed with the fine Al powder and the powder blends were milled for 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis, particle size analysis and bulk density measurements were used to investigate the morphological changes and achieving the steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content can provide the steady state particle size in 5 h milling process. It was found that increasing the volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 leads to increasing the uniformity of Al 2 O 3 . Standard deviations of microhardness measurements confirmed this result. The XRD pattern and XRF investigations depicted that increasing the Al 2 O 3 content causes an increase in the crystal defects, micro-strain and Fe contamination during 5 h milling process of nanocrystalline composite powders while the grain size is decreased. To investigate the effect of milling time, Al-30 vol.% Al 2 O 3 (which achieved steady state during 5 h milling process) was milled for 1-4 h. The results depicted that the milling time lower than 5 h, do not achieve to steady state conditions.

Study of the ternary alloy systems Al-Ni-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru with special regard to quasicrystalline phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemmerz, U.

1996-07-01

Two ternary alloy-systems, the Al-Ni-Fe system and the Al-Cu-Ru system were studied with special regard to quasicrystalline phases. Isothermal sections were established in both systems in the stoichiometric area of the quasicrystalline phase. In the Al-Ni-Fe system a new stable decagonal phase was found. Its stoichiometric range is very small around Al 71.6 Ni 23.0 Fe 5.4 . The temperature range in which it is stable lies between 847 and 930 C. The decagonal phase undergoes a eutectoid reaction to the three crystalline phases Al 3 Ni 2 , Al 3 Ni and Al 13 Fe 4 at 847 C. It melts peritectically at 930 C forming Al 13 Fe 4 , Al 3 Ni 2 and a liquid. The investigations in the Al-Cu-Ru system concentrated on the phase equilibria between the icosahedral phase and its neighbouring phases in a temperature range between 600 and 1000 C. The icosahedral phase was observed in the whole temperature range. The investigated stoichiometric area extends down to Al contents of 45%, which allows the fields of existence to be determined for the ternary phases α-AlCuRu, the icosahedral phase and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. Binary phases were determined down to the upper (high Al content) border of AlRu. No hitherto unknown phase was observed in the investigated area. Rietveld analyses were carried out on α-AlCuRu and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru showing some discrepancies from the α-AlMnSi structure taken as a base for α-AlCuRu and confirming the Al 7 Cu 2 Fe structure for Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. (orig.)

Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys: Phase composition, texture, and anisotropy of mechanical properties (Review)

Science.gov (United States)

Betsofen, S. Ya.; Antipov, V. V.; Knyazev, M. I.

2016-04-01

The results of studying the phase transformations, the texture formation, and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties in Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys are generalized. A technique and equations are developed to calculate the amounts of the S1 (Al2MgLi), T1 (Al2CuLi), and δ' (Al3Li) phases. The fraction of the δ' phase in Al-Cu-Li alloys is shown to be significantly higher than in Al-Mg-Li alloys. Therefore, the role of the T1 phase in the hardening of Al-Cu-Li alloys is thought to be overestimated, especially in alloys with more than 1.5% Li. A new model is proposed to describe the hardening of Al-Cu-Li alloys upon aging, and the results obtained with this model agree well with the experimental data. A texture, which is analogous to that in aluminum alloys, is shown to form in sheets semiproducts made of Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mg-Li alloys. The more pronounced anisotropy of the properties of lithium-containing aluminum alloys is caused by a significant fraction of the ordered coherent δ' phase, the deformation mechanism in which differs radically from that in the solid solution.

Pornographie als Metapher

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Schubarth

2010-03-01

Full Text Available In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche metaphorische Verwendungen des Pornografiebegriffs und deren Implikationen untersucht. Während die Existenz von Pornografie der feministischen Anti-Porno-Bewegung als Erklärung für die anhaltende Diskriminierung von Frauen in westlichen Gesellschaften dient, nutzen rechtskonservative Kräfte den Pornografievorwurf als Rechtfertigung für die Zensur von als deviant empfundenen Identitäten und sexuellen Praktiken.This article examines different metaphorical uses of the term pornography and the resulting implications. While the existence of pornography for the feminist anti-porno movement serves as factor in the continuing discrimination of women in western societies, conservative powers on the right use the allegation of pornography as a justification for censorship of those identities and sexual practices deemed deviant.

Strain Balanced AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanomembrane HEMTs.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Tzu-Hsuan; Xiong, Kanglin; Park, Sung Hyun; Yuan, Ge; Ma, Zhenqiang; Han, Jung

2017-07-25

Single crystal semiconductor nanomembranes (NM) are important in various applications such as heterogeneous integration and flexible devices. This paper reports the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN NMs and NM high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). Electrochemical etching is used to slice off single-crystalline AlGaN/GaN layers while preserving their microstructural quality. A double heterostructure design with a symmetric strain profile is employed to ensure minimal residual strain in freestanding NMs after release. The mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), formed by the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, is noticeably superior to previously reported values of many other NMs. AlGaN/GaN nanomembrane HEMTs are fabricated on SiO 2 and flexible polymeric substrates. Excellent electrical characteristics, including a high ON/OFF ratio and transconductance, suggest that III-Nitrides nanomembranes are capable of supporting high performance applications.

Validated thermodynamic prediction of AlP and eutectic (Si) solidification sequence in Al-Si cast alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, S M; Schmid-Fetzer, R

2016-01-01

The eutectic microstructure in hypoeutectic Al-Si cast alloys is strongly influenced by AlP particles which are potent nuclei for the eutectic (Si) phase. The solidification sequence of AlP and (Si) phases is, thus, crucial for the nucleation of eutectic silicon with marked impact on its morphology. This study presents this interdependence between Si- and P-compositions, relevant for Al-Si cast alloys, on the solidification sequence of AlP and (Si). These data are predicted from a series of thermodynamic calculations. The predictions are based on a self-consistent thermodynamic description of the Al-Si-P ternary alloy system developed recently. They are validated by independent experimental studies on microstructure and undercooling in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. A constrained Scheil solidification simulation technique is applied to predict the undercooling under clean heterogeneous nucleation conditions, validated by dedicated experimental observations on entrained droplets. These specific undercooling values may be very large and their quantitative dependence on Si and P content of the Al alloy is presented. (paper)

Phase diagrams of aluminium alloys of Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Mg-Si-Cu, and Al-Mg-Li system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ber, L.B.; Kaputkin, E.Ya.

2001-01-01

Isothermal diagrams of phase transformations (DPT) and temperature-time charts (TTC) of variation of electric conductivity and of mechanical features at tension were plotted following thermal treatment according to the pattern of direct hardening and ageing and according to the pattern of normal aging for D16 commercial alloy, Al-Cu-Mg model alloy of the same system, AD37 commercial alloys of Al-Mg-Si-Cu and 1424 one of Al-Li-Mg system. Phase transformations were studied by means of fluorescence electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray phase analysis of single crystals and polycrystals and differential scanning calorimetry. For every alloy comparison of TTC and DPT enables to clarity the mechanism of phase composition effect on features and to optimize conditions of hardening cooling and ageing [ru