Analysis of kidney stones by PIXE and RBS techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alkofai, M M [Physics Dept., Yarmouk University, Irbid, (Jordan); Hallak, A B [Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, (Saudi Arabia)

1995-10-01

Human kidney stones were analyzed by PIXE and RBS techniques using 2 MeV He{sup ++} beam. The stones were found to contain the elements: C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Br. Results obtained by PIXE agree with the results obtained by RBS within experimental errors. A Mechanism for the formation of the kidney stones is suggested. 3 figs., 1 tab.

Analysis of kidney stones by PIXE and RBS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alkofai, M.M.; Hallak, A.B.

1995-01-01

Human kidney stones were analyzed by PIXE and RBS techniques using 2 MeV He ++ beam. The stones were found to contain the elements: C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Br. Results obtained by PIXE agree with the results obtained by RBS within experimental errors. A Mechanism for the formation of the kidney stones is suggested. 3 figs., 1 tab

La política financiera y bancaria aplicada al proceso de apertura y su incidencia en la producción nacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Ortíz Gómez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Este artículo se basa a partir de un debate realizado el 11 de octubre por el Dr Alberto Ortiz  Gómez en el VIII Encuentro  Nacional  de  Administradores de Empresas y II  Binacional  Colombo- Venezolano, celebrado en Cúcuta, la ponencia titulada  “La Política Financiera y Bancaria aplicada al proceso de Apertura  en la producción Nacional¨. No obstante  por considerar este trabajo un valioso aporte se publicó en esta edición la primera parte de esta.

Computer simulation of RBS spectra from samples with surface roughness

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malinský, P., E-mail: malinsky@ujf.cas.cz [Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Hnatowicz, V., E-mail: hnatowicz@ujf.cas.cz [Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Macková, A., E-mail: mackova@ujf.cas.cz [Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic)

2016-03-15

A fast code for the simulation of common RBS spectra including surface roughness effects has been written and tested on virtual samples comprising either a rough layer deposited on a smooth substrate or smooth layer deposited on a rough substrate and simulated at different geometries. The sample surface or interface relief has been described by a polyline and the simulated RBS spectrum has been obtained as the sum of many particular spectra from randomly chosen particle trajectories. The code includes several procedures generating virtual samples with random and regular (periodical) roughness. The shape of the RBS spectra has been found to change strongly with increasing sample roughness and an increasing angle of the incoming ion beam.

RBS/NRA/channeling analysis of implanted immiscible species

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naramoto, H.; Yamamoto, S.; Narumi, K.

2000-01-01

Ion implantation of immiscible elements was performed to prepare supersaturated substance for further heat treatment. 63 Cu ion implantation was made at low temperature into Nb(1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) single crystal films on sapphire, and the induced lattice damage and the lattice location of implanted Cu atoms were analyzed by 2.7 MeV 4 He + RBS/channeling. The coherent segregation of 63 Cu atoms with specific crystallographic orientations was found in the near surface region (Cu(1 0 0)/Nb(1 0 0), Cu(1 1 1)/Nb(1 1 0) and Cu(1 1 0)/Nb(1 1 1)). The same kind of study was also made in Ir(1 0 0)/MgO(1 0 0) implanted with 50 keV 12 C + ions. In addition to 2 MeV 4 He + RBS/channeling, 1.22 MeV d + RBS/NRA/channeling was employed to detect implanted 12 C atoms. The results suggest that 12 C atoms are aligned along Ir direction at least by low temperature implantation followed by thermal annealing

Involvement of the ribose operon repressor RbsR in regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimada, Tomohiro; Kori, Ayako; Ishihama, Akira

2013-07-01

Escherichia coli is able to utilize d-ribose as its sole carbon source. The genes for the transport and initial-step metabolism of d-ribose form a single rbsDACBK operon. RbsABC forms the ABC-type high-affinity d-ribose transporter, while RbsD and RbsK are involved in the conversion of d-ribose into d-ribose 5-phosphate. In the absence of inducer d-ribose, the ribose operon is repressed by a LacI-type transcription factor RbsR, which is encoded by a gene located downstream of this ribose operon. At present, the rbs operon is believed to be the only target of regulation by RbsR. After Genomic SELEX screening, however, we have identified that RbsR binds not only to the rbs promoter but also to the promoters of a set of genes involved in purine nucleotide metabolism. Northern blotting analysis indicated that RbsR represses the purHD operon for de novo synthesis of purine nucleotide but activates the add and udk genes involved in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, we propose that RbsR is a global regulator for switch control between the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and its salvage pathway. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optical, structural, and nuclear scientific studies of AlGaN with high Al composition

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tse Yang; Chung, Yee Ling; Li, Lin; Yao, Shude; Lee, Y. C.; Feng, Zhe Chuan; Ferguson, Ian T.; Lu, Weijie

2010-08-01

AlGaN epilayers with higher Al-compositions were grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on (0001) sapphire. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), trimethylaluminium (TMAl) and NH3 were used as the source precursors for Ga, Al, and N, respectively. A 25 nm AlN nucleation layer was first grown at low-temperature of 590 °C at 300 Torr. Followed, AlxGa1-xN layers were grown at 1080 °C on low-temperature AlN nucleation layers. The heterostructures were characterized by a series of techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Precise Al compositions were determined through XRD, RBS, and SEM combined measurements. Room Temperature Raman Scattering spectra shows three major bands from AlGaN alloys, which are AlN-like, A1 longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, and E2 transverse optical (TO) band, respectively, plus several peak comes from the substrate. Raman spectral line shape analysis lead to an optical determination of the electrical property free carrier concentration of AlGaN. The optical properties of AlGaN with high Al composition were presented here.

Proton RBS measurement of the oxygen in heavy-metal oxides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie, T.; Ryan, S.R.; Fischbeck, H.J.

1989-01-01

Although the stoichoimetry of high-T c superconductors is often measured using alpha-particle RBS, the small Rutherford cross section for oxygen relative to the high-Z components makes a determination of the oxygen content difficult. Above 1 MeV, the cross section for proton backscattering from oxygen becomes significantly greater than the Rutherford cross section. Studies of proton backscattering in CuO between 0.6 and 2.0 MeV show that it is possible to measure the oxygen content of high-Z metal oxides. RBS simulations using the Bragg-rule stopping power consistently underestimate the low-energy yield. Scaling the stopping power by a linear function of energy to reduce loss at low energy improves the simulation in CuO, Cu and Au. This general result suggests that the standard RBS simulation procedure may omit some relevant physics. (orig.)

Elaboración e implementación de guías metodológicas de aprendizaje aplicadas al cargador Bobcat S175 para el laboratorio de maquinaria pesada

OpenAIRE

Palacios Villalta, Andy Romario; Palacios Villalta, Roberto Danilo

2017-01-01

La finalidad de este proyecto es la elaboración de un conjunto de guías metodológicas de prácticas aplicadas al cargador Bobcat S175, las mismas que serán de aporte como material didáctico al laboratorio de Maquinaria Pesada de la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica Automotriz de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Cuenca. The purpose of this project is to develop a set of methodological guides practices applied to the charger Bobcat S175, the same that will be input as teaching materials...

Structural characterization of Fe/Ag bilayers by RBS and AFM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tunyogi, A.; Tancziko, F.; Osvath, Z.; Paszti, F.

2008-01-01

Fe/Ag thin films are intensively investigated due to their special magnetic properties. Recently a deposition-order dependent asymmetric interface has been found. When iron is grown on silver, the interface is sharp, while the growth of Ag on Fe results in a long, low-energy tail of the Ag peak in the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) spectra. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the low-energy Ag tail is caused by grain boundary diffusion, and that, when elevating the growing temperature of the Ag layer this effect becomes more significant. Two sets of polycrystalline and epitaxial Fe/Ag bilayers were prepared simultaneously onto Si(1 1 1) and MgO(1 0 0), respectively. The iron layers were grown at 250 deg. C and annealed at 450 deg. C in both sets, while the Ag layer was grown in the first set at room temperature (RT) and in the second set at 250 deg. C (HT). The sample composition, the interface sharpness and the quality of the epitaxy were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) combined with channeling effect. The surface morphology was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). RBS spectra show that in the case of RT samples the epitaxial MgO/Fe/Ag bilayer has sharp, well-defined interface, while for the polycrystalline Si/Fe/Ag sample the silver peak has a low-energy tail. Both the Fe and Ag peaks smeared out in the case of HT samples. AFM-images show that the RT samples have a continuous Ag layer, while the HT samples have fragmented surfaces. The RBS spectra taken on the HT samples were successfully simulated by the RBS-MAST code taking into account their fragmented structures.

RBS Characterization of Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roumie, M; Abdel samad, B.

2008-01-01

Magnetic materials such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are of great importance for its magneto-optic properties and for their potential applications in the domain of optical telecommunications. The deposition of thin films of YIG, on quartz or GGG (gadolinium gallium garnet) substrate, was performed using radio frequency non reactive magnetron sputtering, followed by high temperature annealing which is needed to enhance the crystallinity of the layers. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry RBS was used to determine the thickness and stoichiometry of the performed layers in order to investigate correlations between growth conditions and the quality of the final material. RBS measurements showed the influence of the deposition time and the temperature substrate on the film growth and its stoichiometry. (author)

Advanced capabilities and applications of a sputter-RBS system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brijs, B.; Deleu, J.; Beyer, G.; Vandervorst, W.

1999-01-01

In previous experiments, sputter-RBS 1 has proven to be an ideal tool to study the interaction of low energy ions. This contribution employs the same methodology to identify surface contamination induced during sputtering and to the determine absolute sputter yields. In the first experiment ERDA analysis was used to study the evolution of Hydrogen contamination during sputter-RBS experiments. Since the determination of Hydrogen concentration in very thin near surface layers is frequently limited by the presence of a strong surface peak of Hydrogen originating from adsorbed contamination of the residual vacuum, removal of this contamination would increase the sensitivity for Hydrogen detection in the near sub surface drastically. Therefore low energy (12 keV) Argon sputtering was used to remove the Hydrogen surface peak. However enhanced Hydrogen adsorption was observed related to the Ar dose. This experiment shows that severe vacuum conditions and the use of high current densities/sputter yields are a prerequisite for an efficient detection of Hydrogen in the near surface layers. In the second experiment, an attempt was made to determine the sputter yield of Cu during low energy (12 keV) Oxygen bombardment. In order to determine the accumulated dose of the low energy ion beam, a separate Faraday cup in combination with a remote controlled current have been added to the existing sputter-RBS set-up. Alternating sputtering and RBS analysis seem to be an adequate tool for the determination of the absolute sputter yield of Cu and this as well in the as under steady state conditions

3S-R10 automated RBS system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norton, G.A.; Schroeder, J.B.; Klody, G.M.; Strathman, M.D.

1989-01-01

The NEC 3S-R10 automated RBS spectrometer system includes the features required for routine application of Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and related techniques for materials analysis in both research and industrial settings. The NEC Model 3SDH Pelletron accelerator system provides stable, monoenergetic beams of helium ions up to 3.3 MeV and protons to 2.2 MeV and has heavy ion capability. The analytical end station is the fully computerized Charles Evans and Associates Model RBS-400. Automated features include sample positioning (precision 4-axis goniometer), channeling alignment, polar plot generation, and data acquisition and reduction. Computer automation of accelerator and chamber functions includes storage and recall of operating parameters. Unattended data acquisition, e.g., overnight or over a weekend, is possible for up to 100 samples per batch for random orientation, rotating random or channeling analyses at any sample location. Single samples may be up to 50 cm in diameter. A laser for sample alignment and a TV for video monitoring are included. Simultaneous detection (up to 4 detectors) at normal and grazing angles, external control of grazing angle detector position, and transmission scattering capabiltiy enhance system flexibility. The system is also compatible with PIXE, NRA, and hydrogen forward-backscattering analyses. Data reduction is part of the computer system, which features displays (several formats) and manipulation of up to five spectra at one time using constant multipliers or point by point operations between spectra. (orig.)

Combined RBS and TEM characterization of nano-SiGe layers embedded in SiO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kling, A.; Ortiz, M.I.; Sangrador, J.; Rodriguez, A.; Rodriguez, T.; Ballesteros, C.; Soares, J.C.

2006-01-01

Grazing incidence RBS has been tested as a technique to detect and characterize SiGe nanoparticles embedded in a SiO 2 matrix. Suitable structures were deposited by low pressure chemical vapour deposition and characterized by TEM and RBS. The layers containing nanoparticles have been modelled by stacks of sublayers consisting of SiGeO layers with compositions calculated according to presumed shapes, sizes, Si/Ge ratios and particle area densities and used as input for RUMP. The nanoparticle parameters obtained by fitting the experimental RBS spectra agree well with the findings by TEM. This demonstrates that RBS is a useful and fast technique to characterize this kind of structures

Use of reference samples for more accurate RBS analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lanford, W.A.; Pelicon, P.; Zorko, B.; Budnar, M.

2002-01-01

While one of the primary assets of RBS analysis is that it is quantitative without use of reference samples, for certain types of analyses the precision of the method can be improved by measuring RBS spectra of unknowns relative to the RBS spectra of a similar known sample. The advantage of such an approach is that one can reduce (or eliminate) the uncertainties that arise from error in the detector solid angle, beam current integration efficiency, scattering cross-section, and stopping powers. We have used this approach extensively to determine the composition (x) of homogeneous thin films of TaN x using as reference samples films of pure Ta. Our approach is to measure R=(Ta count) unknown /(Ta count) standard and use RUMP to determine the function x(R). Once the function x(R) has been determined, this approach makes it easy to analyze many samples quickly. Other analyses for which this approach has proved useful are determination of the composition (x) of WN x , SiO x H y and SiN x H y , using W, SiO 2 and amorphous Si as reference samples, respectively

Multidirectional channeling analysis of epitaxial CdTe layers using an automatic RBS/channeling system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wielunski, L.S.; Kenny, M.J. [CSIRO, Lindfield, NSW (Australia). Applied Physics Div.

1993-12-31

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) is an ion beam analysis technique used in many fields. The high depth and mass resolution of RBS make this technique very useful in semiconductor material analysis [1]. The use of ion channeling in combination with RBS creates a powerful technique which can provide information about crystal quality and structure in addition to mass and depth resolution [2]. The presence of crystal defects such as interstitial atoms, dislocations or dislocation loops can be detected and profiled [3,4]. Semiconductor materials such as CdTe, HgTe and Hg+xCd{sub 1-x}Te generate considerable interest due to applications as infrared detectors in many technological areas. The present paper demonstrates how automatic RBS and multidirectional channeling analysis can be used to evaluate crystal quality and near surface defects. 6 refs., 1 fig.

Multidirectional channeling analysis of epitaxial CdTe layers using an automatic RBS/channeling system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wielunski, L S; Kenny, M J [CSIRO, Lindfield, NSW (Australia). Applied Physics Div.

1994-12-31

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) is an ion beam analysis technique used in many fields. The high depth and mass resolution of RBS make this technique very useful in semiconductor material analysis [1]. The use of ion channeling in combination with RBS creates a powerful technique which can provide information about crystal quality and structure in addition to mass and depth resolution [2]. The presence of crystal defects such as interstitial atoms, dislocations or dislocation loops can be detected and profiled [3,4]. Semiconductor materials such as CdTe, HgTe and Hg+xCd{sub 1-x}Te generate considerable interest due to applications as infrared detectors in many technological areas. The present paper demonstrates how automatic RBS and multidirectional channeling analysis can be used to evaluate crystal quality and near surface defects. 6 refs., 1 fig.

La teoría de la información aplicada al análisis cualitativo de identificación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lorena Alvarado Gámez

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Se aplicó la teoría de la información al análisis cualitativo con el fin de determinar la selectividad de tres metodologías analíticas aplicadas al análisis de elementos traza en aguas y material foliar, a saber: Pb y Cd por Voltamperometría de Despojo Anódico con Pulso Diferencial (DPASV, Al y Mn por Espectrometría de Emisión con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-AES y la Espectrometría de Masas con Fuente de Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS, para la determinación de 18 elementos: Sb, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Tl,Ti,VyZn en muestras de helecho y en agua potable. Se aplicó el criterio de Liteanu y Rica de matrices condicionales para determinar la selectividad de la técnica DPASV para Pb y Cd en agua potable, resultando esta una técnica parcialmente selectiva, pues entre ambas señales existe un grado de traslapo entre picos. Las otras dos técnicas con plasma en los análisis realizados son selectivas pues los picos utilizados en ICP- AES para Al y Mn no presentan ningún tipo de traslapo y para ICP-MS se aplicaron las correcciones pertinentes en las señales que presentaron interferencia, por lo que tampoco se da traslapo de señales entre los elementos de interés.

RBS and RNRA studies on sorption of europium by apatite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Kozai, Naofumi; Isobe, Hiroshi [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Murakami, Takashi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Aoki, Yasushi; Naramoto, Hiroshi

1997-03-01

The sorption mechanism of europium, alternative of trivalent TRU has been studied based on the depth profiles of elements obtained by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA). The positive peak for Eu and the negative peak for Ca were observed in the subtracted RBS spectra of the apatites on which Eu was sorbed from that of the fresh apatite. This indicates that Eu was sorbed on apatite, while a fraction of Ca was released from apatite. The peak height for Eu in the RBS spectrum of the apatite obtained at 75degC was higher than that of the apatite at 40degC. The depth profile of hydrogen of the apatite on which Eu was sorbed was similar to that of the fresh apatite. The concentration of Eu in the solution decreased with increasing temperature. On the contrary, the concentration of Ca increased with increasing temperature. Thus, it is concluded that a fraction of Eu is exchanged for Ca in the structure of apatite. (author)

RbsB (NTHI_0632) mediates quorum signal uptake in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 86-028NP.

Science.gov (United States)

Armbruster, Chelsie E; Pang, Bing; Murrah, Kyle; Juneau, Richard A; Perez, Antonia C; Weimer, Kristin E D; Swords, W Edward

2011-11-01

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a respiratory commensal and opportunistic pathogen, which persists within biofilms on airway mucosal surfaces. For many species, biofilm formation is impacted by quorum signalling. Our prior work shows that production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) promotes biofilm development and persistence for NTHI 86-028NP. NTHI 86-028NP encodes an ABC transporter annotated as a ribose transport system that includes a protein (RbsB) with similarity to the Escherichia coli LsrB and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans RbsB proteins that bind AI-2. In this study, inactivation of rbsB significantly reduced uptake of AI-2 and the AI-2 precursor dihydroxypentanedione (DPD) by NTHI 86-028NP. Moreover, DPD uptake was not competitively inhibited by ribose or other pentose sugars. Transcript levels of rbsB increased in response to DPD and as bacteria approached stationary-phase growth. The NTHI 86-028NP rbsB mutant also formed biofilms with significantly reduced thickness and total biomass and reduced surface phosphorylcholine, similar to a luxS mutant. Infection studies revealed that loss of rbsB impaired bacterial persistence in the chinchilla middle ear, similar to our previous results with luxS mutants. Based on these data, we conclude that in NTHI 86-028NP, RbsB is a LuxS/AI-2 regulated protein that is required for uptake of and response to AI-2. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of a New Alternative of RBS Moment Connection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mirghaderi, Rasoul; Imanpour, Ali; Keshavarzi, Farhad; Torabian, Shahab

2008-01-01

Reduced beam section (RBS) connection has been known as a famous connection for steel moment-resisting seismic frames in high-rise buildings, because of their economical advantages and seismic ductility. In the ordinary RBS connection, often portions of the beam flanges are selectively trimmed in the region adjacent to the beam-to-column connection, and beam section is weakened in the plastic hinge region; section weakening concept in the plastic hinge region of beam cause to reduction of beam plastic section modulus in this region, and force plastic hinge to occur within the reduced section.This paper presents a new alternative of RBS connection that has been used aforesaid weakening concept in it, with this difference that corrugated steel plate webs instead of beam flange cutting has been used in limited specific length near the column face. Corrugated steel plates because of their accordion effect don't have bending rigidity, then using of these plates in plastic hinge region reduces the beam plastic section modulus and plastic hinge is formed in corrugated region. For investigating the seismic behavior and performance of new RBS moment connection, experimental specimen of new RBS connection were subjected to cyclic load, and finite element analysis were executed. The result of cyclic test and numerical analysis specified that the corrugated webs improved the plastic stability and provided capability of large plastic rotation at the plastic hinge location without any appreciable buckling and brittle fractures in this region. The test observations also showed that the specimens' plastic rotations exceeded 0.04 rad without any local and global buckling. All of the analytical results for proposed connection are generally in good agreement with the test observations

Rbs1, a new protein implicated in RNA polymerase III biogenesis in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Science.gov (United States)

Cieśla, Małgorzata; Makała, Ewa; Płonka, Marta; Bazan, Rafał; Gewartowski, Kamil; Dziembowski, Andrzej; Boguta, Magdalena

2015-04-01

Little is known about the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex assembly and its transport to the nucleus. We demonstrate that a missense cold-sensitive mutation, rpc128-1007, in the sequence encoding the C-terminal part of the second largest Pol III subunit, C128, affects the assembly and stability of the enzyme. The cellular levels and nuclear concentration of selected Pol III subunits were decreased in rpc128-1007 cells, and the association between Pol III subunits as evaluated by coimmunoprecipitation was also reduced. To identify the proteins involved in Pol III assembly, we performed a genetic screen for suppressors of the rpc128-1007 mutation and selected the Rbs1 gene, whose overexpression enhanced de novo tRNA transcription in rpc128-1007 cells, which correlated with increased stability, nuclear concentration, and interaction of Pol III subunits. The rpc128-1007 rbs1Δ double mutant shows a synthetic growth defect, indicating that rpc128-1007 and rbs1Δ function in parallel ways to negatively regulate Pol III assembly. Rbs1 physically interacts with a subset of Pol III subunits, AC19, AC40, and ABC27/Rpb5. Additionally, Rbs1 interacts with the Crm1 exportin and shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. We postulate that Rbs1 binds to the Pol III complex or subcomplex and facilitates its translocation to the nucleus. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Various advanced capabilities of the RBS setup at IMEC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brijs, B.; Coster, W. de; Vandervorst, W.

1992-01-01

This article describes the various capabilities of the ion-beam analysis facility at IMEC which is designed to fulfill two needs. One is the high volume analysis service of material originating from the processing and material development groups at IMEC and the other is the research associated with gaining improved insight in the different analysis methods used for semiconductors, in particular all the aspects related with ion sputtering, and the development of improved analysis capabilities in order to cope with the demands from the analysis service. The latter includes the incorporation of a TOF spectrometer for heavy-ion RBS and ERD, the investigation towards the application of heavy-ion RBS for improved sensitivity, the application of angle resolved image scans for fast and certified channeling analysis and resonant analysis by automated energy scanning. (orig.)

NORMAS BRASILEÑAS E INTERNACIONALES DE CONTABILIDAD APLICADAS AL SECTOR PÚBLICO Y EL DESAFÍO DE LA CONVERGENCIA: UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO – IPSAS Y NBCTSP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Rodrigues Fragoso

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar el estadio actual de convergencia conceptual entre las normas brasileñas de contabilidad aplicadas al sector público (NBCTSP y las International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS. La complejidad y diversidad de transacciones entre entidades del sector público o privado, generada por la internacionalización de mercados, demandan una evaluación continua y dinámica de los eventos que promueven la modificación cuantitativa o cualitativa de un patrimonio. Para ese proceso de evaluación, la observación de los principios y normas de contabilidad es importante para garantizar, entre otras características de la información, la comprensibilidad y posibilidad de comparación, reduciendo costes a los inversores y usuarios, en general, considerando las barreras encontradas en la diversidad de idiomas, culturas, políticas fiscales y económicas. Para el análisis de convergencia, fue efectuado un estudio comparativo del contenido de las normas, a partir de un análisis descriptivo, con el intuito de verificar la adherencia existente entre las normas brasileñas e internacionales aplicadas al sector público. Los resultados encontrados destacan que todavía hay diversos aspectos a ser discutidos para una efectiva convergencia a las normas internacionales; esta convergencia actual es parcial. No obstante, se verifica que las NBCTSPs presentan una exposición conceptual de calidad mientras que las IPSAS presentan un contenido más enfocado en procedimientos operacionales.

[German Language Version and Validation of the Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale (RBS-K) for High-Risk Sports].

Science.gov (United States)

Frühauf, Anika; Niedermeier, Martin; Ruedl, Gerhard; Barlow, Matthew; Woodman, Tim; Kopp, Martin

2017-11-23

Background  High-risk sports, particularly climbing, kayaking and extreme skiing, have become increasingly popular. The most widely used psychological survey instrument with regard to risk behaviour in sports is the Sensation Seeking Model, mostly assessed by the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V). Until recently, the literature discussed risk behaviour solely through this model. However, this scale does not measure risk-taking behaviours. In contrast, the Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale (RBS-K) is a three-item scale that measures risk behaviour in high-risk sports. This study aimed to validate a German language version of the RBS-K. Methods  The RBS-K was translated and back-translated between English and German. High-risk sports participants (n = 2399) completed the German version of the RBS-K. Of those participants, 820 completed the RBS-K in person as part of a field survey and 1579 participated in an online survey. To validate the questionnaire, the SSS-V, accident involvement, age and sex were evaluated. The RBS-K divides the sample into deliberate risk takers (mean + standard deviation) and risk-averse persons (mean - standard deviation). We tested for internal consistency and correlations with SSS-V, age, sex and accident involvement. Group differences were calculated between deliberate risk takers and risk-averse persons. Results  For internal consistency, we obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.56 and a McDonald's omega of 0.63. Significant correlations were shown between RBS-K and SSS-V as well as age and sex. Compared to risk-averse persons (n = 643, 26.8 %), deliberate risk takers (n = 319, 13.3 %) scored significantly higher in sensation seeking, were significantly younger and primarily male and had a significantly higher accident involvement. Conclusion  The RBS-K discriminates well for age, sex and accident involvement. Also, correlations between the RBS-K and the well-established SSS-V are acceptable. With regard to the results and its

Estrategias instruccionales aplicadas por los docentes para desarrollar procesos metacognitivos en los estudiantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meredith Jiménez Cárdena

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron las estrategias instruccionales aplicadas por docentes, en el desarrollo de procesos metacognitivos a estudiantes del Instituto Técnico Nacional de Formación Técnica Profesional (INFOTEP. Tipo de investigación analítica, con diseño no experimental transversal de campo. Representado por 67 docentes que laboran en el INFOTEP del Municipio de San Juan del Cesar, Guajira – Colombia, y 830 estudiantes del período II-2014. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta y observación participante se realizó instrumento con 30 ítems y 5 alternativas de respuestas cerradas, La validez mediante juicio de expertos, y confiabilidad del coeficiente de Alpha Cronbach, alcanzando un valor de 0,85. Se concluyó que existen diferencias en las respuestas entre docentes y estudiantes, con relación a las estrategias instruccionales y la percepción del proceso metacognitivo de los alumnos; se observó un nivel de correspondencia moderado entre ambas variables. Las estrategias aplicadas por docentes no han permitido consolidar de manera plena los conocimientos que contribuyan al manejo efectivo de procesos cognitivos por parte de los estudiantes y, por consiguiente, a alcanzar un aprendizaje significativo. Se recomienda diseñar jornadas de reflexión para socializar los resultados, a fin de delinear acciones que contribuyan al desarrollo de los procesos metacognitivos, en relación al conocimiento, a su base cognitiva, que puedan conducir a un aprendizaje significativo.

Timepix and FitPix detection system for RBS/C materials analysis

CERN Document Server

David-Bosne, Eric; Wahl, Ulrich

This thesis reports the implementation of a Timepix position sensitive detector in a ion beam facility with a 0.5 mm collimated beam of 2MeV 1H$^{+}$ and 4He$^{+}$ for use in Rutherford Back-scattering Spectrometry channeling (RBS/C). A complete description is given of the methodology used for energy calibration, RBS data analysis and simulation with the FLUX Monte Carlo simulation program. Energy calibration was performed with internal test pulses and resulting resolution and accuracy were verified in two ways. The first time using a triple alpha source with the isotopes $^{239}$Pu, $^{241}$Am and $^{244}$Cm and secondly using a RBS spectrum of a thin film sample of Au/SiO$_{2}$/C. Setup characterization for channeling measurements was performed using single crystals of Si, 6H$^{-}$SiC and SrTiO$_{3}$. An energy resolution of 47.2 keV at 1862 keV for He$^{+}$ and an angular resolution of 0.11 (standard deviation) was achieved. Count rates as high as 2kHz were achieved with a frame rate of 15 frames/s. Higher...

Lingüística aplicada e o ensino de línguas estrangeiras no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Robert Schmitz

2001-02-01

Full Text Available

Procura-se neste trabalho apresentar um esboço de Lingüística Aplicada e o Ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras no mundo e também no Brasil. Conclui-se que a disciplina está em pleno desenvolvimento com contribuições pertinentes para o ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, além de outras áreas de conhecimento tais como língua pátria, ensino bilíngüe, tradução, alfabetização e letramento. Destaca-se no artigo o estado da arte em Lingüística Aplicada no Brasil que atinge no momento, especialmente no campo de ensino de línguas estrangeiras, a sua maturidade após vinte anos de atividade.

Holistic RBS-PIXE data reanalysis of SBT thin film samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reis, M.A.; Barradas, N.P.; Pascual-Izarra, C.; Chaves, P.C.; Ramos, A.R.; Alves, E.; Gonzalez-Aguilar, G.; Costa, M.E.V.; Miranda Salvado, I.M.

2007-01-01

The growth of SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) films on top of Pt electrode substrates is an important issue for the fabrication of ferroelectric based memories. In a recent publication, SBT thin films grown using seeded and unseeded procedures were studied by PIXE and RBS. Difficulties and misfits found in the comparison of results from both techniques were, at that time, overcome by physical considerations. These, although not rendering interpretation impossible, left out the possibility of understanding the exact nature of the differences between the interface behavior in each case. In the present work it is shown that the reanalysis of the same data using the recently developed RBS-PIXE simultaneous and self-consistent calculation present in NDF leads to stronger conclusions on the solid state reaction occurring during the deposition stage for both types of samples. Allowing for the occurrence of solid state reactions between the deposited film and the Pt electrode even in the case of seeded samples leads to a full explanation of IBA data, this result showing that in complex systems such as this, the PIXE data are essential and must be integrated with the RBS data in an holistic analysis, in order to properly unfold the depth profile of the samples. Contrary to what is usually supposed PIXE data is therefore shown to contain hidden depth structure information

Structural characterization of Mn implanted AlInN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Majid, Abdul; Ali, Akbar [Advance Materials Physics Laboratory, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (Pakistan); Zhu, J J; Wang, Y T [State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083 (China)], E-mail: abdulmajid40@yahoo.com, E-mail: akbar@qau.edu.pk

2008-06-07

AlInN/GaN thin films were implanted with Mn ions and subsequently annealed isochronically at 750 and 850 deg. C. X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques were employed to study the microstructural properties of the implanted/annealed samples. The effect of annealing on implantation-induced strain in thin films has been studied in detail. The strain was found to increase with dose until it reached a saturation value and after that it started decreasing with a further increase in the dose. RBS measurements indicated the atomic diffusion of In, Al, Ga and Mn in implanted samples. The in- and out-diffusion of atoms has been observed after annealing at 750 deg. C and 850 deg. C, respectively. Strong decomposition of the samples took place when annealed at 850 deg. C.

Structural characterization of Mn implanted AlInN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majid, Abdul; Ali, Akbar; Zhu, J J; Wang, Y T

2008-01-01

AlInN/GaN thin films were implanted with Mn ions and subsequently annealed isochronically at 750 and 850 deg. C. X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques were employed to study the microstructural properties of the implanted/annealed samples. The effect of annealing on implantation-induced strain in thin films has been studied in detail. The strain was found to increase with dose until it reached a saturation value and after that it started decreasing with a further increase in the dose. RBS measurements indicated the atomic diffusion of In, Al, Ga and Mn in implanted samples. The in- and out-diffusion of atoms has been observed after annealing at 750 deg. C and 850 deg. C, respectively. Strong decomposition of the samples took place when annealed at 850 deg. C

Evolución de la enseñanza de la estadística aplicada a la psicología

OpenAIRE

Rossi Casé, Lilia Elba; Biasella, Rogelio; Doná, Stella Maris; Farinon, Eliana

2011-01-01

En el intento de transmitir un conocimiento, o tal vez a causa de ella, al finalizar los cursos de Estadística Aplicada a la Psicología, de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, la mayoría de los alumnos no están en condiciones de explicar claramente la lógica implícita en las técnicas que han aprendido. De este aprendizaje, se han tomado dos aspectos metodológicos básicos para optimizar la construcción de los conceptos que hacen a la Estadística aplicada: Poner el...

Investigation of the impact of defect models on Monte Carlo simulations of RBS/C spectra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovac, D.; Hobler, G.

2006-01-01

We compare the impact on the RBS/C spectra of defect configurations in silicon obtained from either empirical interatomic potentials or ab initio calculations. Using the Tersoff potential as the empirical potential and the VASP code for ab initio calculations we have determined the coordinates of the split- interstitial, of the di-, tri- and four-interstitial cluster, and of the tetrahedral interstitial as well as the strain on neighboring atoms induced by the presence of these defects. Using these coordinates in binary collision RBS/C simulations we find differences in the RBS/C yields of up to 30%. The dependence of the backscattering yield on the assumed defect type is larger with the defect coordinates obtained by the empirical potential than by the ab initio calculations

A new mapping acquisition and processing system for simultaneous PIXE-RBS analysis with external beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pichon, L.; Beck, L.; Walter, Ph.; Moignard, B.; Guillou, T.

2010-01-01

The combination of ion beam analysis techniques is particularly fruitful for the study of cultural heritage objects. For several years, the AGLAE facility of the Louvre laboratory has been implementing these techniques with an external beam. The recent set-up permits to carry out PIXE, PIGE and RBS simultaneously on the same analyzed spot with a particle beam of approximately 20 μm diameter. A new mapping system has been developed in order to provide elemental concentration maps from the PIXE and RBS spectra. This system combines the Genie2000 spectroscopy software with a homemade software that creates maps by handling acquisition with the object position. Each pixel of each PIXE and RBS maps contains the spectrum normalised by the dose. After analysing each pixel of the PIXE maps (low and high energy X-ray spectra) with the Gupixwin peak-fitting software, quantitative elemental concentrations are obtained for the major and trace elements. This paper presents the quantitative elemental maps extracted from the PIXE spectra and the development of RBS data processing for light element distribution and thin layer characterization. Examples on rock painting and lustrous ceramics will be presented.

Lattice damage induced by Tb-implanted AlN crystalline films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Fei; Hu Hui; Rizzi, A.

2002-01-01

AlN films with thickness from 100 to 1000 nm were grown on SiC substrate by MBE. AlN crystalline films were doped by implantation with 160 keV Tb ions to fluences of 5x10 14 , 1.5x10 15 , 3x10 15 and 6x10 15 ions/cm 2 , respectively. The damage profiles in AlN films induced by Tb implantation were investigated using RBS/channeling technique. A procedure developed by Feldman and Rodgers was used to extract damage profile by considering the dechanneling mechanism of multiple. The comparison of the extracted profile with TRIM prediction shows a significant difference in the shape and in the position of damage profile. The damage profile in AlN film is similar as Tb distribution. The RBS/channeling of Tb-implanted AlN film before and after 950 deg. C annealing treatments show a good consistency, which indicate that high temperature annealing cannot result in a significant change in both crystal damage and in Tb distribution

Blistering and exfoliation of 304 stainless steel studied by SEM and RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braun, M.; Emmoth, B.; Whitton, J.L.

1981-01-01

Blistering and exfoliation induced by helium irradiation have been studied in polycrystalline stainless steel with the aim of measuring flake or blister skin thicknesses for different implantation energies in the keV region. The authors present measurements of skin thicknesses determined both by direct SEM observations and RBS techniques. The results of the RBS studies show for all implantation energies used that the thickness measured in target atoms/unit area of a flake equals the calculated implantation range with an accuracy of about 10%. Conversely, the SEM measurements show that swelling gives rise to a geometrical skin thickness much greater than the corresponding implantation range. Thus from the SEM and RBS data swelling as a function of the implantation energy is obtained and the linear relative swelling is shown to be strongly dependent on the energy. In addition a comparison between the skin thickness of blisters and flakes has been made for the same material. Blisters were observed at low implantation temperatures and room temperature while exfoliation occurs at elevated temperatures. The result of this comparison is that within the experimental accuracy the flake and blister thicknesses are the same. (Auth.)

Diseño e implementación del curso virtual “Manejo de herramientas tecnológicas aplicadas al turismo”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daissy Hatblathy Moya Sánchez

2011-11-01

Full Text Available El curso “Manejo de herramientas tecnológicas aplicadas al turismo” es el primero 100% virtualizado realizado en la Universidad Externado de Colombia. Está compuesto por diez unidades y tiene por objetivo diseñar la página web de un destino turístico. Los programas que se aprenden a manejar son: Windows Movie Maker, Microsoft Office Picture Manager, Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010, CmapTools, NVU, Jclic, Adobe Audition y Flash. A partir de esta experiencia se concluye que el curso colma las expectativas de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Administración de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras. Si bien es cierto que se presentan algunos inconvenientes debido a la utilización de programas gratuitos que se encuentran en internet, y a la falta de ayudas pedagógicas de la plataforma SAP empleada en la Universidad; los estudiantes consideran que los programas vistos en clase son de mucha utilidad en su vida práctica.

Application of the Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS analysis) for detecting heavy impurity elements in pBN crucible materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bethge, K.; Meyer, J.D.; Michelmann, R.; Krauskopf, J.

1992-01-01

By means of the Rutherford backscattering analysis evidence is given of an inhomogeneous depth distribution of the elements C, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni in pBN (pyrolytic boron nitride) materials of crucibles. This inhomogenous distribution is observed both at the original surface and at the surface of inner cracks. In addition, the distribution of the elements is found to differ depending on the spots chosen for analysis. The RBS measurements alone do not yield information on the volume concentration of the elements. (orig.) With 2 refs [de

Lattice location of impurities in semiconductors: a RBS/channeling and proton-induced x-ray emission study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kringhoj, P. [Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Research School of Physical Sciences

1993-12-31

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)/channeling and proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) are two well established and characterised techniques. Over the last three decades RBS/channeling measurements has been performed to extract the substitutional fraction of impurities in both elemental and compound semiconductors. However, due to the limitation of RBS, only elements heavier than the host crystal can be examined (except for a few elements, where a nuclear reaction or a resonance can be used). In silicon this limitation is acceptable, due to the low mass of Si, but in the III-V compounds (e.g. InP), the technique is limited to a few elements of hardly no technological or fundamental interest. One can overcome this by combining RBS/channeling with PIXE, where PIXE is applied to detect elements with a mass lower than the host crystal. In the present work, the lattice location of Ge in InP has been studied and compared to the group-III impurity Ga, and the group-VI impurity Se which is known to be a donor. The (RBS)/channeling technique has been used to detect not only the substitutional fraction, but also the relative population of the two sublattices. The half-width is approximately equal to the characteristic angle, {psi}{sub 1}. The channeling data obtained indicate that all three dopants are located exclusively on substitutional sites and that Ga is occuping the In position, Se theP position and that Ge is distributed equally between both sublattices. 6 refs., 1 tab., 3 figs.

Lattice location of impurities in semiconductors: a RBS/channeling and proton-induced x-ray emission study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kringhoj, P [Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Research School of Physical Sciences

1994-12-31

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)/channeling and proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) are two well established and characterised techniques. Over the last three decades RBS/channeling measurements has been performed to extract the substitutional fraction of impurities in both elemental and compound semiconductors. However, due to the limitation of RBS, only elements heavier than the host crystal can be examined (except for a few elements, where a nuclear reaction or a resonance can be used). In silicon this limitation is acceptable, due to the low mass of Si, but in the III-V compounds (e.g. InP), the technique is limited to a few elements of hardly no technological or fundamental interest. One can overcome this by combining RBS/channeling with PIXE, where PIXE is applied to detect elements with a mass lower than the host crystal. In the present work, the lattice location of Ge in InP has been studied and compared to the group-III impurity Ga, and the group-VI impurity Se which is known to be a donor. The (RBS)/channeling technique has been used to detect not only the substitutional fraction, but also the relative population of the two sublattices. The half-width is approximately equal to the characteristic angle, {psi}{sub 1}. The channeling data obtained indicate that all three dopants are located exclusively on substitutional sites and that Ga is occuping the In position, Se theP position and that Ge is distributed equally between both sublattices. 6 refs., 1 tab., 3 figs.

Comparative concentration analysis of Cr and Co in FeSi2 films performed by ERDA and RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bohne, W.; Reinsperger, G.-U.; Roehrich, J.; Roeschert, G.; Selle, B.; Stauss, P.

2000-01-01

Thin films of β-FeSi 2 doped by Co or Cr were grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using three separately controlled evaporation sources. The dopant concentration was measured concurrently by heavy-ion ERDA with 129 Xe ions of 140-250 MeV, by heavy-ion RBS with 15 MeV 14 N and by standard RBS with 1.4 MeV 4 He ions. Among these techniques, the TOF-ERDA was most powerful in providing a high mass resolution and a low detection limit for Co and Cr (∼0.1 at.%). Because of the complete overlap of the dopant signals with the Fe signal the standard RBS spectra were evaluated by relying on the differences between the scattering cross-sections from the dopant atoms and Fe. This approach proved to be applicable as far as the dopants had a constant depth profile with sufficiently high concentration. For Cr concentrations exceeding the miscibility limit the RBS results deviate significantly from those of ERDA due to increasing dopant depth inhomogeneities

Depth profile of In and As in Si measured by RBS with He and C ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Q.; Fang, Z. [Newcastle Univ., NSW (Australia). Dept. of Physics; Ophel, T.R. [Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Dept. of Nuclear Physics

1993-12-31

The depth profile of As and In implanted into Si have been measured by RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) with 2 MeV He ions and 6 MeV C ions. Advantages of enhanced depth and mass resolution with C ions have been demonstrated over the conventional He RBS. More reliable information for the depth profile of In and As in Si has been obtained. 12 refs., 3 figs.

Depth profile of In and As in Si measured by RBS with He and C ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Q; Fang, Z [Newcastle Univ., NSW (Australia). Dept. of Physics; Ophel, T R [Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Dept. of Nuclear Physics

1994-12-31

The depth profile of As and In implanted into Si have been measured by RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) with 2 MeV He ions and 6 MeV C ions. Advantages of enhanced depth and mass resolution with C ions have been demonstrated over the conventional He RBS. More reliable information for the depth profile of In and As in Si has been obtained. 12 refs., 3 figs.

La cobertura televisiva del fútbol en el Sur de Brasil y de España: RBS – Canal Sur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquín M. Marín Montín

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo constituye parte de un trabajo comparativo entre Brasil y España, correspondiente al tratamiento que los medios de comunicación hacen del deporte. En él se analizan las claves que configuran el acercamiento a un mismo fenómeno sociológico, como es el fútbol, en dos realidades culturales diferentes. La programación deportiva de televisión llevada a cabo por Canal Sur en Andalucía y RBS en Rio Grande do Sul, así como la cobertura que ambas cadenas realizan en sus retransmisiones en directo del fútbol completan el análisis del presente estudio.ABSTRACTThis article is part of a comparative research between Brazil and Spain, about how the media treats the sports activities. Besides, this study analyses the keys of the same sociological phenomenon, which is football, in two different cultural realities. The broadcasting on television regarding sports events in Andalusia with Canal Sur, and Rio Grande do Sul with RBS. The live broadcasting of these channels completes the analysis of the present research.

Metallic nano-particles in lustre glazed ceramics from the 15th century in Seville studied by PIXE and RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polvorinos del Rio, A.; Castaing, J.; Aucouturier, M.

2006-01-01

Lustre ceramics, found in a workshop located in Triana (Sevilla), have been analysed to determine the composition of glazes including the metallic particle layers giving rise to the lustre effect. PIXE and RBS were used for the elemental composition and the sub-surface concentration profiles, respectively. Copper and silver at the origin of the lustre are detected by PIXE. RBS gives access to the detailed distribution of the elements in the surface layers. The simulation of RBS spectra confirms the occurrence of thin layers (less than 300 nm) containing metallic silver and/or copper. The results are compared with those obtained on other types of lustre ceramics

Inter-diffusion study of rhodium and tantalum by RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuttens, V.E.; Hubert, R.L.; Bodart, F.; Lucas, S.

2005-01-01

The inter-diffusion of rhodium and tantalum has been studied with the goal of synthesizing an alloy acting as a diffusion barrier for high temperature applications. Rh/Ta sandwiched samples were annealed in vacuum at temperature ranging from 800 to 900 deg. C and from 1000 to 1075 deg. C. The diffusion profiles were obtained by RBS. They suggest the formation of two clearly different phases in each temperature range considered

Authenticity determination of Ag-Cu Lebanese coins using combined PIXE and RBS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roumie, M; Nsouli, B; Assafiri, Y

2012-01-01

A set of silver-copper coins were investigated for their stochiometry in order to check any possible counterfeit. The studied coins are 50 Lebanese Piastres and are relatively recent, minted in 1952. They are supposed to have nominal concentration of 60 wt.% Ag and 40 wt.% Cu. In this work, it is shown the utility and capability of combining PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) and RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry) techniques to determine the elemental content and check the presence, if any, of surface layer. For this aim, 3 MeV proton beam and Al funny filter, used as x-ray absorber, were used to determine the elemental composition, based on the emission and detection of the characteristic x-rays of the corresponding elements. The first PIXE results of the supposed bulky coins showed an excess of silver composition vs. copper. In addition, the experimental protocol was checked by analyzing some other coins of known composition, such as 1-euro and 2-euro coins.

Impulse control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RBs) in Parkinson's disease patients: Assessment using ?Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease? (QUIP)

OpenAIRE

Sharma, Ashish; Goyal, Vinay; Behari, Madhuri; Srivastva, Achal; Shukla, Garima; Vibha, Deepti

2015-01-01

Background: There is limited data on the prevalence of impulse control disorder and related behaviors (ICD-RBs) in Indian patients with Parkinson′s Disease (PD). In the context of potential genetic and environmental factors affecting the expression of ICD-RBs, studying other multiethnic populations may bring in-sights into the mechanisms of these disorders. Objectives: To ascertain point prevalence estimate of ICD-RBs in Indian PD patients, using the validated “Questionnaire for Impulsive-Com...

A 3D-RBS study of irradiation-induced deformation and masking properties of ordered colloidal nanoparticulate masks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zolnai, Z.; Deak, A.; Nagy, N.; Toth, A.L.; Kotai, E.; Battistig, G.

2010-01-01

The 500 keV Xe 2+ irradiation-induced anisotropic deformation of ordered colloidal silica nanoparticulate masks is followed using 2 MeV 4 He + Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) with different measurement geometries and the improved data analysis capabilities of the RBS-MAST spectrum simulation code. The three-dimensional (3D) geometrical transformation from spherical to oblate ellipsoidal and polygonal shape and the decrease of the mask's hole size is described. The masking properties of the silica monolayer and the depth distribution of Xe in the underlying Si substrate vs. the irradiated Xe 2+ fluence are discussed. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is applied as complementary characterization tool. Our results give contribution to clarify the impact of ion-nanoparticle interactions on the potentials and limits of nanosphere lithography. We also show the capability of the conventional RBS technique to characterize laterally ordered submicron-sized three-dimensional structures.

PIXE/RBS as a tool to study cementitious materials: Application to the dynamic leaching of concrete

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Llorente, I.; Castellote, M.; Gonzalez-Arrabal, R.; Ynsa, M.D.; Munoz-Martin, A.; Viedma, P.G. de; Castillo, A.; Martinez, I.; Andrade, C.; Zuloaga, P.; Ordonez, M.

2009-01-01

The suitability of the application of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques such as Particle Induced X-ray Emission spectrometry (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) to elemental depth profiling in concrete is analysed, studying hardened samples of concrete prior to and after a dynamic leaching test. A calibration of the data has been done by comparing the results obtained by IBA techniques with those obtained by Chemical and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTA). From PIXE and RBS data relevant information about the migration of minor elements, within the concrete matrix after leaching is obtained.

PIXE/RBS as a tool to study cementitious materials: Application to the dynamic leaching of concrete

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Llorente, I., E-mail: irene@cenim.csic.e [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Castellote, M. [Instituto de Ciencias de la Construccion ' Eduardo Torroja' (IETcc-CSIC), Serrano Galvache, 4, 28033 Madrid (Spain); Gonzalez-Arrabal, R. [Parque Cientifico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Einstein 13, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Ynsa, M.D.; Munoz-Martin, A. [Centro de Microanalisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Viedma, P.G. de; Castillo, A.; Martinez, I.; Andrade, C. [Instituto de Ciencias de la Construccion ' Eduardo Torroja' (IETcc-CSIC), Serrano Galvache, 4, 28033 Madrid (Spain); Zuloaga, P.; Ordonez, M. [Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos, S.A. (ENRESA), Emilio Vargas, 7, 28043 Madrid (Spain)

2009-12-15

The suitability of the application of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques such as Particle Induced X-ray Emission spectrometry (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) to elemental depth profiling in concrete is analysed, studying hardened samples of concrete prior to and after a dynamic leaching test. A calibration of the data has been done by comparing the results obtained by IBA techniques with those obtained by Chemical and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTA). From PIXE and RBS data relevant information about the migration of minor elements, within the concrete matrix after leaching is obtained.

Adhesive and tribocorrosive behavior of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayers sputtered coatings over CoCrMo

Science.gov (United States)

Canto, C. E.; Andrade, E.; Rocha, M. F.; Alemón, B.; Flores, M.

2017-09-01

The tribocorrosion resistance and adherence of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by PVD reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt in order to enhance the tribocorrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Tribocorrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at typical body temperature with a tribometer in a pin on disk test. The elemental composition and thickness of the coating which behave better at the tribocorrosion tests were evaluated by means of RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) technique, using an alpha particles beam of 1.8 MeV, before and after the reciprocating motion in the tribocorrosion test. In order to simulate the elemental profile of the samples, the SIMNRA simulation computer code was used. Measurements of the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate were carried on by means of a scratch test using a tribometer. By taking micrographs of the produced tracks, the critical loads at which the coatings are fully separated from the substrate were determined. From these tests it was observed that a coating with 10 min of TiAlPtN in a TiAlPtN/TiAl period of 30 min in multilayers of 10 periods and with an average thickness of 145 nm for the TiAlPtN nanolayers had the best tribocorrosion resistance behavior, compared to that of the CoCrMo alloy. The RBS experiments showed a reduction of the thickness of the films along with some loss of the multilayer structure after the reciprocating motion. The adhesion tests indicated that the multilayer with the average TiAlPtN thickness of 145 nm displayed the highest critical load. These results indicate a high correlation between the adherence and the tribocorrosion behavior.

Analysis of obsydians and films of silicon carbide by RBS technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Franco S, F.

1998-01-01

Motivated by archaeological interest this work is presented, which consist in the characterization of obsydian samples from different mineral sites in Mexico and films of silicon carbide, undertaken by an Ion Beam Analysis: RBS (Rutherford Back Scattering). As part of an intensive investigation of obsydian in Mesoamerica by anthropologists from Mexico National Institute of Anthropology and History, 818 samples were collected from different volcanic sources in Central Mexico for the purpose of establishing a data bank of element concentrations of each source. Part of this collection was analyzed by Neutron activation analysis and most of the important elements concentrations reported. In the first part of this work, the non-destructive IBA technique, RBS are used to analyze obsydian samples. The last part is an analysis of thin films of silicon carbide as a part of a research program of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and ININ. The application of this technique were carried out at the IF-UNAM, and the analysis was performed at laboratories of the ININ Nuclear Centre facilities. The samples considered in this work were mounted on a sample holder designed for the purpose of exposing each sample to the alpha particles beam. This RBS analysis was carried out with an ET Tandem accelerator at the IF UNAM. The spectrometry was carried out with employing a Si(Li) detector set at 15 degrees in relation to the target normal. The mean projectile energy was 2.00 MeV, and the beam profile was about 4 mm in diameter. As results were founded elemental concentrations of a set of samples from ten different sources: Altotonga (Veracruz), Penjamo (Guanajuato), Otumba (Mexico), Zinapecuaro (MIchoacan), Ucareo (Michoacan), Tres Cabezas (Puebla), Sierra Navajas (Hidalgo), Zaragoza (Puebla), Guadalupe Victoria (Puebla) and Oyameles (Puebla). The mean values are accompanied by errors expressed as one standard devistion of the mean for each element

Application of RBS and NRA in the fabrication of carbon based devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ila, D.; Zimmerman, R.L.; Maleki, H.; Evelyn, A.L.; Poker, D.B.

1995-06-01

We have used Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) as well as resonant backscattering as analytical tools in fabricating carbon based drug delivery bio-implants, electrodes for batteries, and devices to entrap or filter specific toxins. Precursor is resol C 7 H 8 O 2 liquid, which converts to fully cured phenolic resin C 7 H 6 O (sp gr 1.25) on heating at 170 C. This resin further transforms with no change in shape to glassy carbon (sp gr 1.45) on heating to 1000 C. Final product consists of long ribbon-like molecules of sp2 carbon atoms aggregated locally to form subcrystalline domains arranged randomly in space. RBS and NRA were used in measuring the porosity before and after activation, in concentration profiling of stored drugs before and after leaching, in detecting low level light element impurities, and in detecting changes in the structure of the device due to fabrication

RBS analysis of electrochromic layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Green, D.C.; Bell, J.M. [University of Technology, Sydney, NSW (Australia); Kenny, M.J.; Wielunski, L.S. [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Lindfield, NSW (Australia). Div. of Applied Physics

1993-12-31

Tungsten oxide thin films produced by dip-coating from tungsten alkoxide solutions are of interest for their application in large area switchable windows. The application consists of a layer of electrochromic tungsten oxide (W0{sub 3}) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass in contact with a complementary structure. Electrochromic devices are switchable between states of high and low transparency by the application of a small voltage. The mechanism relies on the dual injection of ions and electrons into the W0{sub 3} layer from adjacent layers in the device. Electrochromic tungsten oxide can be deposited using standard techniques (eg. sputtering and evaporation) but also using sol-gel deposition. Sol-gel processing has an advantage over conventional preparation techniques because of the simplicity of the equipment. The scaling up to large area coatings is also feasible. RBS and forward recoil has been used to obtain profiles for individual elements in the structure of electrochromic films. 3 refs., 3 figs.

RBS analysis of electrochromic layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Green, D C; Bell, J M [University of Technology, Sydney, NSW (Australia); Kenny, M J; Wielunski, L S [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Lindfield, NSW (Australia). Div. of Applied Physics

1994-12-31

Tungsten oxide thin films produced by dip-coating from tungsten alkoxide solutions are of interest for their application in large area switchable windows. The application consists of a layer of electrochromic tungsten oxide (W0{sub 3}) on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass in contact with a complementary structure. Electrochromic devices are switchable between states of high and low transparency by the application of a small voltage. The mechanism relies on the dual injection of ions and electrons into the W0{sub 3} layer from adjacent layers in the device. Electrochromic tungsten oxide can be deposited using standard techniques (eg. sputtering and evaporation) but also using sol-gel deposition. Sol-gel processing has an advantage over conventional preparation techniques because of the simplicity of the equipment. The scaling up to large area coatings is also feasible. RBS and forward recoil has been used to obtain profiles for individual elements in the structure of electrochromic films. 3 refs., 3 figs.

The LacI–Family Transcription Factor, RbsR, Is a Pleiotropic Regulator of Motility, Virulence, Siderophore and Antibiotic Production, Gas Vesicle Morphogenesis and Flotation in Serratia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chin M. Lee

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Gas vesicles (GVs are proteinaceous, gas-filled organelles used by some bacteria to enable upward movement into favorable air/liquid interfaces in aquatic environments. Serratia sp. ATCC39006 (S39006 was the first enterobacterium discovered to produce GVs naturally. The regulation of GV assembly in this host is complex and part of a wider regulatory network affecting various phenotypes, including antibiotic biosynthesis. To identify new regulators of GVs, a comprehensive mutant library containing 71,000 insertion mutants was generated by random transposon mutagenesis and 311 putative GV-defective mutants identified. Three of these mutants were found to have a transposon inserted in a LacI family transcription regulator gene (rbsR of the putative ribose operon. Each of these rbsR mutants was GV-defective; no GVs were visible by phase contrast microscopy (PCM or transmission electron microscopy (TEM. GV deficiency was caused by the reduction of gvpA1 and gvrA transcription (the first genes of the two contiguous operons in the GV gene locus. Our results also showed that a mutation in rbsR was highly pleiotropic; the production of two secondary metabolites (carbapenem and prodigiosin antibiotics was abolished. Interestingly, the intrinsic resistance to the carbapenem antibiotic was not affected by the rbsR mutation. In addition, the production of a siderophore, cellulase and plant virulence was reduced in the mutant, whereas it exhibited increased swimming and swarming motility. The RbsR protein was predicted to bind to regions upstream of at least 18 genes in S39006 including rbsD (the first gene of the ribose operon and gvrA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA confirmed that RbsR bound to DNA sequences upstream of rbsD, but not gvrA. The results of this study indicate that RbsR is a global regulator that affects the modulation of GV biogenesis, but also with complex pleiotropic physiological impacts in S39006.

Análise do conceito de tecnologia educacional em enfermagem aplicada ao paciente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Cruz Esmeraldo Áfio

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue analizar el concepto de tecnología educacional, producido por la Enfermería, aplicada al paciente. Se utilizó el Modelo de Evolución de Análisis del Concepto, identificándose antecedentes, atributos, y consecuentes. Se seleccionaron 13 artículos para análisis, donde se identificaron los antecedentes: deficiencia de conocimiento, escasez de tiempo de los profesionales de enfermería, optimización del trabajo da enfermería, necesidad de alcanzar metas de pacientes; atributos: herramienta, estrategia, abordaje innovador, enfoque pedagógico, mediadora de conocimientos, forma creativa de estimular la adquisición de competencias, instrumento de producción de salud; consecuentes: mejora de calidad de vida, estímulo a comportamientos saludables, empoderamiento, reflexión y vínculo. Se enfatiza la importancia de las tecnologías educacionales para la atención de enfermería, al dinamizar actividades de educación en salud.

Analysis of desert rose using PIXE and RBS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Kofahi, M.M.; Hallak, A.B.; Al-Juwair, H.A.; Saafin, A.K.

1993-01-01

Particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were used to analyse desert rose geological samples. Samples from the rose core and from the rose peripherals were studied. All samples were found to contain C, N, O, Na, Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe and Sr. Core samples were found to contain more silicon than peripheral samples. The extra silicon in the rose core may suggest a mechanism for the formation of the rose through crystal growth on a seed of silicon. (author)

Towards truly simultaneous PIXE and RBS analysis of layered objects in cultural heritage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pascual-Izarra, Carlos; Barradas, Nuno P.; Reis, Miguel A.; Jeynes, Chris; Menu, Michel; Lavedrine, Bertrand; Ezrati, Jean Jacques; Roehrs, Stefan

2007-01-01

For a long time, RBS and PIXE techniques have been used in the field of cultural heritage. Although the complementarity of both techniques has long been acknowledged, its full potential has not been yet developed due to the lack of general purpose software tools for analysing the data from both techniques in a coherent way. In this work we provide an example of how the recent addition of PIXE to the set of techniques supported by the DataFurnace code can significantly change this situation. We present a case in which a non homogeneous sample (an oxidized metal from a photographic plate - heliography - made by Niepce in 1827) is analysed using RBS and PIXE in a straightforward and powerful way that can only be performed with a code that treats both techniques simultaneously as a part of one single and coherent analysis. The optimization capabilities of DataFurnace, allowed us to obtain the composition profiles for these samples in a very simple way

Characterization of electroless Au, Pt and Pd contacts on CdTe and ZnTe by RBS and SIMS techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roumie, M. E-mail: mroumie@cnrs.edu.lb; Hageali, M.; Zahraman, K.; Nsouli, B.; Younes, G

2004-06-01

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was applied to characterize Au, Pt and Pd contacts on II-VI semiconductor materials, CdTe and ZnTe, used as nuclear detectors. Electroless thin film depositions were prepared by changing the concentration of the reaction solution. Contrary to the deposition reaction time, it was observed that the amount of solution dilution degree had a considerable effect on increasing the thickness of the metal layer. Furthermore, PICTS electrical measurements confirmed the depth profile analysis performed by RBS and SIMS.

RBS and XPS study of TiOx layers prepared by the PVD technique .

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Macková, Anna; Peřina, Vratislav; Krumeich, J.; Zemek, J.; Kolouch, A.

2004-01-01

Roč. 36, č. 8 (2004), s. 1171-1173 ISSN 0142-2421 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP102/01/D069 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1048901 Keywords : RBS * ERDA * TiOx Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.209, year: 2004

Study of CdTe surface by SIMS and RBS ellipsometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stuck, R.; Hage-Ali, M.; Grob, A.; Siffert, P.

1978-01-01

For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the rectification of metal-cadmium telluride contacts, the surface of bromine-methanol etched CdTe crystals by means of ellipsometry, secondary ions mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Rutherford backscattering of charged particles (RBS) has been investigated. The results show that these surfaces are contaminated with bromine and that a tellurium surface oxide layer grows, its thickness increasing with time. This surface layer composition has been analyzed at different steps of its evolution [fr

Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

2001-01-01

Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

Development and Validation of a Response Bias Scale (RBS) for the MMPI-2

Science.gov (United States)

Gervais, Roger O.; Ben-Porath, Yossef S.; Wygant, Dustin B.; Green, Paul

2007-01-01

This study describes the development of a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) scale designed to detect negative response bias in forensic neuropsychological or disability assessment settings. The Response Bias Scale (RBS) consists of 28 MMPI-2 items that discriminated between persons who passed or failed the Word Memory Test…

Study of crystal damage by ion implantation using micro RBS/channeling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grambole, D.; Herrmann, F.; Heera, V.; Meijer, J.

2007-01-01

The combination of microbeam implantation and in-situ micro RBS/channeling analysis in the Rossendorf nuclear microprobe facility enables crystal damage studies with high current densities not achievable in standard ion implantation experiments. Si(1 0 0) samples were implanted with 600 keV Si + ions and a fluence of 1 x 10 16 cm -2 . Using a beam spot of 200 μm x 200 μm current densities from 4 to 120 μA/cm 2 were obtained. The substrate temperature was varied between RT and 265 deg. C. The implanted regions were subsequently analysed by micro RBS/channeling with a 3 MeV He + beam having a spot size of 50 μm x 50 μm. Crystal damage up to amorphisation was observed in dependence on the substrate temperature. Above a critical temperature T C no amorphisation occurs. T C was determined for each series of samples implanted with the same ion current density j. It was found that the empirical Arrhenius relation j ∼ exp(-E a /kT C ), known from standard implantation experiments, is also valid at high current densities. The observed Arrhenius law can be derived from a model of epitaxial crystallisation stimulated by defect diffusion

Dose measurement of ion implanted silicon by RBS technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamawanna, Teerasak; Intarasiri, Saweat; Prapunsri, Chowunchun; Thongleurm, Chome; Maleepatra, Saenee; Singkarat, Somsorn

2003-10-01

Surface modification can be achieved by ion implantation. This study used a 1 mm thick silicon wafer as a target which was implanted with Ar+ at 80 keV. The degree of the modification depends on both the ion energy and the implanted dose. The distribution of argon in the silicon substrate and the absolute implanted dose can be measured by using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). These investigations utilized a 1.7 MV Tandetron accelerator system at Chiang Mai University. The dose determination by a direct calculation is in agreement with the simulation by the SIMNRA code

On the evaluation of micromatter thin standards by RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ionescu, M.; Stelcer, E.; Hawas, O.; Siegele, R.; Cohen, D.; Linch, D.; Sarbutt, A.; Garton, D.

2005-01-01

Thin film standards are routinely used in PIXE and PIGE techniques for elemental analysis of particulates present in air samples, collected on Teflon filters. A number of parameters such as thickness, homogeneity and the type and amount of impurities present in the standards are crucial in order to perform high accuracy measurements. In this paper we report the use of RBS on the new STAR 2MV accelerator for characterisation of thin film standards obtained commercially. All standards were produced by MicroMatter Co. on polymer substrates, using a room temperature evaporation method. (author). 4 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab

Origins of low resistivity in Al ion-implanted ZnO bulk single crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Oga, T.; Izawa, Y.; Kuriyama, K.; Kushida, K.; Kinomura, A.

2011-06-01

The origins of low resistivity in Al ion-implanted ZnO bulk single crystals are studied by combining Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), photoluminescence (PL), and Van der Pauw methods. The Al-ion implantation (peak concentration: 2.6 × 1020cm-3) into ZnO is performed using a multiple-step energy. The resistivity decreases from ˜104 Ω cm for un-implanted ZnO to 1.4 × 10-1 Ω cm for as-implanted, and reaches 6.0 × 10-4 Ω cm for samples annealed at 1000 °C. RBS and NRA measurements for as-implanted ZnO suggest the existence of the lattice displacement of Zn (Zni) and O (Oi), respectively. After annealing at 1000 °C, the Zni related defects remain and the Oi related defects disappear. The origin of the low resistivity in the as-implanted sample is attributed to the Zni (˜30 meV [Look et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2552 (1999)]). In contrast, the origin of the low resistivity in the sample annealed at 1000 °C is assigned to both of the Zni related defects and the electrically activated Al donor. A new PL emission appears at around 3.32 eV after annealing at 1000 °C, suggesting electrically activated Al donors.

IBA analysis and corrosion resistance of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayer films deposited over a CoCrMo using magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Canto, C.E., E-mail: carloscanto2012@yahoo.com.mx [Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 México D.F. (Mexico); Andrade, E.; Lucio, O. de; Cruz, J.; Solís, C. [Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 México D.F. (Mexico); Rocha, M.F. [ESIME-Z, IPN, U.P. ALM, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07738 México D.F. (Mexico); Alemón, B. [Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, J. Guadalupe Zuno 48, Los Belenes, Zapopan, Jalisco 45101 (Mexico); Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Col. Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco 45201 (Mexico); Flores, M. [Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, J. Guadalupe Zuno 48, Los Belenes, Zapopan, Jalisco 45101 (Mexico); Huegel, J.C. [Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Col. Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco 45201 (Mexico)

2016-03-15

The corrosion resistance and the elemental profile of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt to enhance the corrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Corrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) using potentiodynamic polarization tests at typical body temperature. The elemental composition and thickness of the coatings were evaluated with the combination of two ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques: a Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) with alpha beam and a Nuclear Reaction Analysis with a deuteron beam.

IBA analysis and corrosion resistance of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayer films deposited over a CoCrMo using magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canto, C.E.; Andrade, E.; Lucio, O. de; Cruz, J.; Solís, C.; Rocha, M.F.; Alemón, B.; Flores, M.; Huegel, J.C.

2016-01-01

The corrosion resistance and the elemental profile of multilayer coatings of TiAlPtN/TiAlN/TiAl synthesized by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) reactive magnetron sputtering over a CoCrMo alloy substrate in 10 periods of 30 min each were analyzed and compared to those of the substrate alone and to that of a TiAlPtN single layer coating of the same thickness. The objective of the present work was to create multilayers with different amounts of Pt to enhance the corrosion resistance of a biomedical alloy of CoCrMo. Corrosion tests were performed using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) using potentiodynamic polarization tests at typical body temperature. The elemental composition and thickness of the coatings were evaluated with the combination of two ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques: a Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) with alpha beam and a Nuclear Reaction Analysis with a deuteron beam.

Characterization of a SiC MIS Schottky diode as RBS particle detector

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufmann, I. R.; Pick, A. C.; Pereira, M. B.; Boudinov, H. I.

2018-02-01

A 4H-SiC Schottky diode was investigated as a particle detector for Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) experiment. The device was fabricated on a commercial 4H-SiC epitaxial n-type layer grown onto a 4H-SiC n+ type substrate wafer doped with nitrogen. Hafnium oxide with thickness of 1 nm was deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition and 10 nm of Ni were deposited by sputtering to form the Ni/HfO2/4H-SiC MIS Schottky structure. Current-Voltage curves with variable temperature were measured to extract the real Schottky Barrier Height (0.32 V) and ideality factor values (1.15). Reverse current and Capacitance-Voltage measurements were performed on the 4H-SiC detector and compared to a commercial Si barrier detector acquired from ORTEC. RBS data for four alpha energies (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 MeV) were collected from an Au/Si sample using the fabricated SiC and the commercial Si detectors simultaneously. The energy resolution for the fabricated detector was estimated to be between 75 and 80 keV.

Micro-ERDA, micro-RBS and micro-PIXE techniques in the investigation of fish otoliths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huszank, R.; Simon, A.; Szilagyi, E.; Keresztessy, K.; Kovacs, I.

2009-01-01

Elemental distribution in the otolith of the fresh water fish burbot (Lota lota L.) collected in Hungary was measured with Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and as a complementary technique, Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) with a focussed ion beam of 1.5 x 1.5 μm 2 spot size. The organic- and inorganic-rich regions of the otolith are distinguished and they are presented as hydrogen and calcium maps at depth regions of 0-70, 70-140 and 140-210 nm. The textured surface of the sample and its porosity were characterized from the effect on the RBS spectra. The oxygen and carbon PIXE elemental maps can also be used to identify the organic- and inorganic-rich regions of the otolith. The calcium map was found to be more homogeneous because the otolith structure is averaged in a larger depth. The trace elements Fe, Zn and Sr were detected only in very low concentration by micro-PIXE.

Micro-ERDA, micro-RBS and micro-PIXE techniques in the investigation of fish otoliths

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huszank, R. [Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen (Hungary)], E-mail: huszank@atomki.hu; Simon, A. [Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen (Hungary); Szilagyi, E. [KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest (Hungary); Keresztessy, K. [Department of Fish Culture, Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, Pater K.u.1, H-2103 Goedoello (Hungary); Kovacs, I. [KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest (Hungary)

2009-06-15

Elemental distribution in the otolith of the fresh water fish burbot (Lota lota L.) collected in Hungary was measured with Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and as a complementary technique, Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) with a focussed ion beam of 1.5 x 1.5 {mu}m{sup 2} spot size. The organic- and inorganic-rich regions of the otolith are distinguished and they are presented as hydrogen and calcium maps at depth regions of 0-70, 70-140 and 140-210 nm. The textured surface of the sample and its porosity were characterized from the effect on the RBS spectra. The oxygen and carbon PIXE elemental maps can also be used to identify the organic- and inorganic-rich regions of the otolith. The calcium map was found to be more homogeneous because the otolith structure is averaged in a larger depth. The trace elements Fe, Zn and Sr were detected only in very low concentration by micro-PIXE.

Incremental validity of the MMPI-2-RF over-reporting scales and RBS in assessing the veracity of memory complaints.

Science.gov (United States)

Gervais, Roger O; Ben-Porath, Yossef S; Wygant, Dustin B; Sellbom, Martin

2010-06-01

The Response Bias Scale (RBS) has been found to be a better predictor of over-reported memory complaints than Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) F, Back Infrequency (Fb), Infrequency-Psychopathology (Fp), and FBS scales. The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (RF) validity scales were designed to meet or exceed the sensitivity of their MMPI-2 counterparts to symptom over-reporting. This study examined the incremental validity of MMPI-2-RF validity scales and RBS in assessing memory complaints. The MMPI-2-RF over-reporting validity scales were more strongly associated with mean Memory Complaints Inventory scores than their MMPI-2 counterparts (d = 0.22 to 0.49). RBS showed the strongest relationship with memory complaints. Regression analyses demonstrated the incremental validity of the MMPI-2-RF Infrequent Responses, Infrequent Psychopathology Responses, Infrequent Somatic Responses, and FBS-r scales relative to MMPI-2 F, Fp, and FBS in predicting memory complaints. This is consistent with the development objectives of the MMPI-2-RF validity scales as more efficient and sensitive measures of symptom over-reporting.

Evolution of Zr/Hf/Zr trilayers during annealing studied by RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kling, A.; Soares, J.C.

2010-01-01

The Zr/Hf system is highly interesting due its various applications, e.g. formation of amorphous ternary alloys, superconductive properties and production of gate oxide layers with high dielectric coefficients by oxidation of Zr/Hf multilayers. In this work Zr/Hf/Zr trilayers with an individual layer thickness of approximately 50 nm were deposited by electron gun evaporation on a substrate consisting of silicon covered by a micrometer thick thermal oxide layer. Samples were subjected to annealing procedures at 500 and 1200 o C in flowing air atmosphere to promote oxidation and Zr/Hf interdiffusion effects. RBS studies of the as-deposited and annealed samples were performed at the van-de-Graaff accelerator of ITN using He + and H + beams with energies between 2.0 and 2.525 MeV in order to study compositional changes induced by the heat treatment. In the case of low-temperature annealing the layer system appears, besides the oxidation process starting from the surface, to be stable. On the other hand, high-temperature annealing leads to an asymmetric Hf-diffusion into the surface and interior Zr-layer provoked by anomalous diffusion due to a phase transition in Zr accompanied by an almost complete oxidation of the layer structure Oxygen and metal depth distributions obtained by RBS in the as-deposited and treated samples are provided.

Structural analysis of erbium {delta}-doped InP by OMVPE with RBS-channeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuhara, Junji; Takeda, Hitoshi; Matsubara, Naoki; Tabuchi, Masao; Fujiwara, Yasufumi; Morita, Kenji; Takeda, Yoshikazu [Nagoya Univ. (Japan). School of Engineering

1997-03-01

We have determined the lattice location of Er in InP {delta}-doped by OMVPE with RBS-channeling. Er concentrations along the <001> and <011> directions are same as random yields, while a significant flux peaking effect is seen for the <111> direction. These data suggest that Er atoms occupy the site equivalent to the hexahedral site in InP lattice. (author)

Synthesis of single-crystalline Al layers in sapphire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schlosser, W.; Lindner, J.K.N.; Zeitler, M.; Stritzker, B.

1999-01-01

Single-crystalline, buried aluminium layers were synthesized by 180 keV high-dose Al + ion implantation into sapphire at 500 deg. C. The approximately 70 nm thick Al layers exhibit in XTEM investigations locally abrupt interfaces to the single-crystalline Al 2 O 3 top layer and bulk, while thickness and depth position are subjected to variations. The layers grow by a ripening process of oriented Al precipitates, which at low doses exist at two different orientations. With increasing dose, precipitates with one out of the two orientations are observed to exist preferentially, finally leading to the formation of a single-crystalline layer. Al outdiffusion to the surface and the formation of spherical Al clusters at the surface are found to be competing processes to buried layer formation. The formation of Al layers is described by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies as a function of dose, temperature and substrate orientation

Analysis of biological materials by RBS and PIXE methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Latuszynski, A.; Maczka, D.; Kobzev, A. P.

2002-01-01

A problem of the exact determination of the element concentration in different substances is of essential significance, especially in medical, biological, as well as environment protection investigations. For this purpose some chemical and physical methods are used such as very sensitive and precise techniques: PIXE and RBS. The main advantage of those methods is the sensitivity of ppm level and very small sample amount necessary for carrying out the investigations. In this article the investigation results obtained by PIXE and RBS methods for the metal contents in cow milk (18 various samples were studied) as well as the heavy metal admixtures in the brain of the living domestic animals (6 cows, 6 dogs and 17 rats) are presented. The samples were prepared for the analysis in a liofilization process, then they were mixed with spectral pure graphite. The PIXE and RBS investigations were performed using a proton beam of about 2 mm diameter, intensity of about 10 nA and energy of 2.5 MeV from the Van-de-Graaff generator, FLNP, JINR, Dubna. The measurements of the characteristic spectrum were carried out by means of a Si (Li) detector with the resolution of 200 eV at the energy of 6,4 keV. Generally, in all samples of milk and brain we could identify 20 elements, among them 13 (C, N, O, P, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn. Br, Rb, Sr) appeared in all of the studied samples. The difference in the concentration of the most of those elements between samples was in the range of 15 - 20 %. This indicates a good accuracy of the used methods of measurement. Especially our attention was paid to the presence of Sr, Rb and Br, practically in all the milk samples. This fact requires further investigations. Such elements as Pb, As, Ni, Co, Mn, V and Ti were found in some samples, including all samples coming from regions of a high urbanization. It is characteristic that the milk samples coming from villages located considerably far-away from cities and from communication tracks, practically

RBS and ERDA determinations of depth distributions of high-dose carbon ions implanted in silicon for silicon-carbide synthesis study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intarasiri, S.; Kamwanna, T.; Hallen, A.; Yu, L.D.; Janson, M.S.; Thongleum, C.; Possnert, G.; Singkarat, S.

2006-01-01

For ion beam synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC), a knowledge of the depth distribution of implanted carbon ions in silicon is crucial for successful development. Based on its simplicity and availability, we selected Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) as an analysis technique for this purpose. A self-developed computer program dedicated to extract depth profiles of lighter impurities in heavier matrix is established. For control, calculated results are compared with an other ion beam analysis (IBA) technique superior for studying lighter impurity in heavier substrate i.e. elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The RBS was performed with a 1.7-MV Tandetron accelerator using He 2+ as the probe ions. The ERDA was performed with a 5-MV Pelletron accelerator using I 8+ as the probe ions. This work shows that the RBS-extracted data had no significant deviations from those of ERDA and simulations by SRIM2003 and SIIMPL computer codes. We also found that annealing at temperatures as high as 1000 deg. C had quite limited effect on the redistribution of carbon in silicon

Toward Ultraintense Compact RBS Pump for Recombination 3.4 nm Laser via OFI

Science.gov (United States)

Suckewer, S.; Ren, J.; Li, S.; Lou, Y.; Morozov, A.; Turnbull, D.; Avitzour, Y.

In our presentation we overview progress we made in developing a new ultrashort and ultraintensive laser system based on Raman backscattering (RBS) amplifier /compressor from time of 10th XRL Conference in Berlin to present time of 11th XRL Conference in Belfast. One of the main objectives of RBS laser system development is to use it for pumping of recombination X-ray laser in transition to ground state of CVI ions at 3.4 nm. Using elaborate computer code the processes of Optical Field Ionization, electron energy distribution, and recombination were calculated. It was shown that in very earlier stage of recombination, when electron energy distribution is strongly non-Maxwellian, high gain in transition from the first excited level n=2 to ground level m=1 can be generated. Adding large amount of hydrogen gas into initial gas containing carbon atoms (e.g. methane, CH4) the calculated gain has reached values up to 150-200 cm-2 Taking into account this very encouraging result, we have proceed with arrangement of experimental setup. We will present the observation of plasma channels and measurements of electron density distribution required for generation of gain at 3.4 nm.

Characterisation by PIXE RBS of metallic contamination of tissues surrounding a metallic prosthesis on a knee

Science.gov (United States)

Guibert, G.; Irigaray, J. L.; Moretto, Ph.; Sauvage, T.; Kemeny, J. L.; Cazenave, A.; Jallot, E.

2006-09-01

Implants used as biomaterials have to fulfill conditions of functionality, compatibility and sometimes bioactivity. There are four main families of biomaterials: metals and metal alloys, polymers, bioceramics and natural materials. Because of corrosion and friction in the human body, implants generate debris. This debris may develop toxicity, inflammation and prosthetic unsealing by osseous dissolution. Nature, size, morphology and amount of debris are the parameters influencing the tissue responses. In this paper, we characterised metallic contamination produced by knee prosthesis, composed with TiAl 6V 4 or Co-Cr-Mo alloys, into surrounding capsular tissue by depth migration, in vivo behaviour, content, size and nature of debris by PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) method associated with RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy). Debris distribution in the whole articulation is very heterogeneous. Debris migrates several thousand micrometers in tissues, with a characteristic decrease. Solid metallic particles of about micrometer size are found in the most polluted samples, in both alloys TiAl 6V 4 and Cr-Co-Mo. In the mean volume analysed by PIXE, the concentration mass ratios [Ti]/[V] and [Co]/[Cr] confirm the chemical stability of TiAl 6V 4 debris and show the chemical evolution of Cr-Co-Mo debris. Development of a protocol to prepare thin targets permits us to correlate PIXE and histological analysis in the same zone. The fibrous tissue (collagen fibres, fibroblasts) and macrophage cells are observed with optical microscope in polluted areas. This protocol could locate other pathologies in ppm contamination range, thanks to the great sensitivity of the PIXE method.

La teoría de los conjuntos-T aplicada al desarrollo de la competencia de modelado matemático

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RICARDO JOAQUÍN DE ARMAS COSTA

2016-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo queremos dar a conocer apartes de la teoría de los conjuntos-T y cómo se aplica en la educación superior para desarrollar la competencia de modelado matemático de los sujetos. Esta teoría surge como respuesta a los problemas de enseñanza aprendizaje de las matemáticas que se originan en los programas curriculares diseñados para adquirir exclusivamente información y no para desarrollar las competencias matemáticas de los estudiantes. The theory of the Conjuntos-T applied to the development of the competition of mathematical modeling In this article we want to present parts of the theory of joint-T and how it is applied in higher education to develop the competence of mathematical modeling subjects. We explain how the theory can develop the skills of students. This theory is a response to the problems of learning of mathematics that originate in the curriculum designed to acquire information and not only to develop the math skills of students. A teoria de Conjuntos-T aplicada ao desenvolvimento da concorrência  modelagem matemática Neste artigo, nos queremos apresentar algumas noções da teoria dos conjuntos-T e como ela é aplicada na docência, de ensino superior, para desenvolver a competência da modelagem matemática. Nos vamos explicar como a teoria pode desenvolver as habilidades dos alunos. Esta teoria é uma resposta para os problemas de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática que se originam nos programas curriculares destinados a adquirir somente informação e não para desenvolver as habilidades matemáticas dos alunos.

Thermal annealing behavior of niobium-implanted {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} under reducing environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jianer, Zeng; Naramoto, Hiroshi; Aoki, Yasushi; Yamamoto, Shunya; Mingle, Gan; Takeshita, Hidefumi [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Takasaki, Gunma (Japan). Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment

1997-03-01

Thermal annealing behavior is studied in {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} implanted with {sup 93}Nb{sup +} using RBS/channeling technique and optical absorption spectrometry. The samples with <0001> and <112-bar0> orientations are implanted with 300 keV and 400 keV {sup 93}Nb{sup +} ions. Thermal annealing under reducing environment (Ar+3%H{sub 2}) is employed in the temperature range from 600 to 1000degC to explore unusual materials phase. The annealing up to 1000degC for an hour does not show any essential change in RBS/channeling spectra in two kinds of samples but the significant decrease in the visible region is observed in optical absorption spectra. After annealing at 1000degC for 10 hours, the recovery of the lattice damage is detected by RBS/channeling analysis especially in (112-bar0) sample. In the optical absorption spectra, new absorption envelope appears in the ultraviolet region. The results are related to the formation of niobium metal fine particles, and the sharp distribution is realized especially in (0001) sample. (author)

Study on surface modification of M2 steel induced by Cu ions and Al ions implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Chao; Liu Zhengmin

2001-01-01

Changes of surface hardness and wear resistances in M2 type steel implanted by Cu Al ions were reported. The dependence of surface strengthening on ion species and dose was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) for microhardness and wear resistances measurement. It is shown that both hardness and wear resistance increases apparently after ion implantation. XRD analysis indicates that different phases formed after Al Cu ions implanted. It is also suggested that Cu, Al ions have different role in surface strengthening

Study of martensitic transformation in stainless steel by CEMS and RBS channeling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, N.; Sakamoto, I.; Tanoue, H.

1993-01-01

The effect of Xe ion irradiation in a single crystal of 17/13 stainless steel has been studied, using RBS channeling techniques and conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). 300 keV Xe ions were used to induce martensitic transformation in the austentic steel. A dynamic behavior of the transformation was observed as functions of the fluence and depth dependence. The martensite appears abruptly at a critical fluence, in contrast with polycrystalline 17/7 stainless steel. (orig.)

Impulse control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RBs) in Parkinson's disease patients: Assessment using "Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease" (QUIP).

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Ashish; Goyal, Vinay; Behari, Madhuri; Srivastva, Achal; Shukla, Garima; Vibha, Deepti

2015-01-01

There is limited data on the prevalence of impulse control disorder and related behaviors (ICD-RBs) in Indian patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). In the context of potential genetic and environmental factors affecting the expression of ICD-RBs, studying other multiethnic populations may bring in-sights into the mechanisms of these disorders. To ascertain point prevalence estimate of ICD-RBs in Indian PD patients, using the validated "Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease (QUIP)" and to examine their association with Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). This was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study. After taking informed consent, patients and their informants (spouse, or primary caregiver) were made to complete the QUIP, and were instructed to answer questions based on behaviors that occurred anytime during PD that lasted at least four consecutive weeks. Total of 299 patients participated in the study. At least one ICD-RB was present in 128 (42.8%), at least one Impulse control disorder (ICD) was present in 74 (24.75%) and at least one Impulse control related compulsive behaviour (ICRB) was present in 93 (31.1%) patients. Punding was the most frequent (12.4%) followed by hyper sexuality (11.04%), compulsive hobbyism (9.4%), compulsive shopping (8.4%), compulsive medication use (7.7%), compulsive eating (5.35%), walkabout (4%) and pathological gambling (3.3%). ≥ 2 ICD-RBs were observed in 15.7% of patients. After multivariate analysis, younger age of onset, being unmarried were specifically associated with presence of ICD. Longer disease duration was specifically associated with presence of ICRB. Whereas smoking and higher dopamine levodopa equivalent daily doses (DA LEDD) were associated with both presence of ICD and ICRB. Higher LD LEDD was specifically associated with presence of ICD-RB. Our study revealed a relatively higher frequency of ICD-RBs, probably because of the use of screening instrument and because

Direction-dependent RBS channelling studies in ion implanted LiNbO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wendler, E., E-mail: elke.wendler@uni-jena.de; Becker, G.; Rensberg, J.; Schmidt, E.; Wolf, S.; Wesch, W.

2016-07-15

Damage formation in ion implanted LiNbO{sub 3} was studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) along various directions of the LiNbO{sub 3} crystal. From the results obtained it can be unambiguously concluded that Nb atoms being displaced during ion implantation preferably occupy the free octahedron sites of the LiNbO{sub 3} lattice structure and most likely also form Nb{sub Li} antisite defects.

Influence of surface topography on RBS measurements: case studies of (Cu/Fe/Pd) multilayers and FePdCu alloys nanopatterned by self-assembly

Science.gov (United States)

Krupinski, M.; Perzanowski, M.; Zabila, Y.; Zarzycki, A.; Marszałek, M.

2017-03-01

In this paper the influence of surface topography on Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is discussed. (Cu/Fe/Pd) multilayers with total thickness of about 10 nm were deposited by physical vapor deposition on self-organized array of SiO2 nanoparticles with the size of 50 nm and 100 nm. As a reference, the multilayered systems were also prepared on flat substrates under the same conditions. After the deposition, morphology of the systems was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while chemical analysis was performed using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It was found that the RBS spectra and determined compositions for flat and patterned multilayers differ. The difference is discussed by taking into account the effect of additional inelastic scattering and energy straggling occurring due to developed topography of patterned systems. Then, the multilayers were annealed in 600 °C in order to obtain FePdCu alloy. The phenomenon of solid-state dewetting resulted in the formation of isolated alloy islands on the top of SiO2 nanoparticles. The SEM and RBS analysis were repeated showing correlation between the size distribution of obtained alloy islands and broadening of peaks appearing in RBS spectra. Invited talk at 8th International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (IWAMSN2016), 8-12 November 2016, Ha Long City, Vietnam.

Enhancement of oxidation resistance in Cu and Cu(Al) thin layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horvath, Z.E.; Peto, G.; Paszti, Z.; Zsoldos, E.; Szilagyi, E.; Battistig, G.; Lohner, T.; Molnar, G.L.; Gyulai, J.

1999-01-01

High conductivity and good resistance to electromigration makes copper a promising interconnect material in microelectronics. However, one of its disadvantages is the poor corrosion resistance. Two methods of passivation are investigated and compared: Al alloying and BF 2 + ion implantation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) show the oxidation inhibition of both methods, but the different ratio of CuO 2 to CuO phases suggests different mechanisms of passivation. There are no definite oxide lines in the XRD spectrum of the implanted and annealed Cu(Al) sample, so the presence of Al and the implantation together give increased protection against oxidation. The difference between the two mechanisms of oxidation inhibition is discussed briefly

Characterisation by PIXE-RBS of metallic contamination of tissues surrounding a metallic prosthesis on a knee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guibert, G. [Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Clermont-Ferrand, IN2P3/CNRS UMR 6533, Universite Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubiere Cedex (France)]. E-mail: geoffroy.guibert@he-arc.ch; Irigaray, J.L. [Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Clermont-Ferrand, IN2P3/CNRS UMR 6533, Universite Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubiere Cedex (France); Moretto, Ph. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS UMR 5797, Le Haut Vigneau, BP 120, 33175 Gradignan Cedex (France); Sauvage, T. [Centre d' Etudes et de Recherches par Irradiation, CNRS Orleans France, 3A rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2 (France); Kemeny, J.L. [CHU, Service d' Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Universite d' Auvergne, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Cazenave, A. [Institut Calot, 62608 Berck sur Mer Cedex (France); Jallot, E. [Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Clermont-Ferrand, IN2P3/CNRS UMR 6533, Universite Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubiere Cedex (France)

2006-09-15

Implants used as biomaterials have to fulfill conditions of functionality, compatibility and sometimes bioactivity. There are four main families of biomaterials: metals and metal alloys, polymers, bioceramics and natural materials. Because of corrosion and friction in the human body, implants generate debris. This debris may develop toxicity, inflammation and prosthetic unsealing by osseous dissolution. Nature, size, morphology and amount of debris are the parameters influencing the tissue responses. In this paper, we characterised metallic contamination produced by knee prosthesis, composed with TiAl{sub 6}V{sub 4} or Co-Cr-Mo alloys, into surrounding capsular tissue by depth migration, in vivo behaviour, content, size and nature of debris by PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) method associated with RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy). Debris distribution in the whole articulation is very heterogeneous. Debris migrates several thousand micrometers in tissues, with a characteristic decrease. Solid metallic particles of about micrometer size are found in the most polluted samples, in both alloys TiAl{sub 6}V{sub 4} and Cr-Co-Mo. In the mean volume analysed by PIXE, the concentration mass ratios [Ti]/[V] and [Co]/[Cr] confirm the chemical stability of TiAl{sub 6}V{sub 4} debris and show the chemical evolution of Cr-Co-Mo debris. Development of a protocol to prepare thin targets permits us to correlate PIXE and histological analysis in the same zone. The fibrous tissue (collagen fibres, fibroblasts) and macrophage cells are observed with optical microscope in polluted areas. This protocol could locate other pathologies in ppm contamination range, thanks to the great sensitivity of the PIXE method.

Gobernanza Pública y Gobernabilidad: Accountability y Disclosure posibilitadas por la Contabilidad Aplicada al Sector Público como Instrumento de Sostenibilidad del Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Gonçalves Oliveira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El Principio de la Continuidad en una visión contable-financiera aplicado a las organizaciones empresariales presupone su sostenibilidad en dirección a la perpetuidad, influenciando y asegurando a los inversores el retorno de sus inversiones. En la Administración Pública, no es diferente, destacándose la existencia del Principio de la Continuidad del Estado. Tal principio describe el Estado como sociedad política que, así como la empresa, debe ser perenne y sostenible visando siempre a la promoción del bien común y al desarrollo de su pueblo. Consonante a la contribución esperada, este trabajo tiene por objetivo discutir la importancia de la Contabilidad Aplicada al Sector Público como herramienta útil a la efectividad de la Gobernanza y de la Gobernabilidad Públicas adherentes a una visión de sostenibilidad aplicable a la gestión del Estado. La metodología adoptada, en relación a los fines, fue la pesquisa exploratoria y explicativa utilizando, en relación a los medios, de investigaciones bibliográficas y documental y de la observación teórico- empírica concernientes a la adherencia de la disclosure (transparencia y de la accountability (responsabilidad social de prestar cuentas a la sociedad a la Gestión Pública. Como resultados fue posible constatar una fuerte interrelación entre los términos, a la vista del hecho de que la Contabilidad evidencie los resultados y las acciones de los gobiernos a partir de la gobernanza (el medio/el cómo relacionada con la gobernabilidad (poder y acciones políticas, y también que ambas son orientadas para la sostenibilidad del Estado. Sobre la sostenibilidad del Estado, fue constatado asimismo que esta es de más alcance que el propio término “sostenibilidad”, el cual, en muchas veces, es reducido a la visión eco-ambiental y no considera importantes variables de cuño financiero (equilibrio y económico-social inherentes a la función social del Estado.

Gobernanza Pública y Gobernabilidad: Accountability y Disclosure posibilitadas por la Contabilidad Aplicada al Sector Público como Instrumento de Sostenibilidad del Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Gonçalves Oliveira

2013-03-01

Full Text Available El Principio de la Continuidad en una visión contable-financiera aplicado a las organizaciones empresariales presupone su sostenibilidad en dirección a la perpetuidad, influenciando y asegurando a los inversores el retorno de sus inversiones. En la Administración Pública, no es diferente, destacándose la existencia del Principio de la Continuidad del Estado. Tal principio describe el Estado como sociedad política que, así como la empresa, debe ser perenne y sostenible visando siempre a la promoción del bien común y al desarrollo de su pueblo. Consonante a la contribución esperada, este trabajo tiene por objetivo discutir la importancia de la Contabilidad Aplicada al Sector Público como herramienta útil a la efectividad de la Gobernanza y de la Gobernabilidad Públicas adherentes a una visión de sostenibilidad aplicable a la gestión del Estado. La metodología adoptada, en relación a los fines, fue la pesquisa exploratoria y explicativa utilizando, en relación a los medios, de investigaciones bibliográficas y documental y de la observación teóricoempírica concernientes a la adherencia de la disclosure (transparencia y de la accountability (responsabilidad social de prestar cuentas a la sociedad a la Gestión Pública. Como resultados fue posible constatar una fuerte interrelación entre los términos, a la vista del hecho de que la Contabilidad evidencie los resultados y las acciones de los gobiernos a partir de la gobernanza (el medio/el cómo relacionada con la gobernabilidad (poder y acciones políticas, y también que ambas son orientadas para la sostenibilidad del Estado. Sobre la sostenibilidad del Estado, fue constatado asimismo que esta es de más alcance que el propio término “sostenibilidad”, el cual, en muchas veces, es reducido a la visión eco-ambiental y no considera importantes variables de cuño financiero (equilibrio y económico-social inherentes a la función social del Estado

Analysis of elemental composition of porcelains unearthed from Waguantan kiln site by PIXE–RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Z.; Zhang, K.; Xia, C.D.; Liu, M.T.; Zhu, J.J.; An, Z.; Bai, B.

2015-01-01

Highlights: •We analyzed 61 unearthed porcelain shards in Yuan Dynasty by PIXE–RBS. •An electron gun was installed to solve the electric charge accumulations. •The factor analysis was performed for the element compositions. •The “exotic group” porcelain samples unearthed were produced locally. -- Abstract: A method combining proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to determine the composition of 61 porcelain shards from the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 A.D.) unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site at Tianzhu County in Guizhou Province, China. Based on our previous experimental setup, an electron gun device with a LaB 6 crystal cathode was installed to solve the problem created when the incident proton beams generated electric charge accumulations on the surfaces of the insulating porcelain samples, which induced a large bremsstrahlung background. The use of the electron gun has largely eliminated the large bremsstrahlung background and has therefore improved the detection limits for elements, especially for trace elements, and made it possible to determine the origin of the porcelains based on the trace elements. Major and trace elemental compositions of the porcelain bodies and glazes measured by PIXE and RBS were analyzed by the factor analysis method. The factor analysis showed that a few pieces of porcelain with a style similar to the porcelain of the Longquan kiln among the unearthed porcelains from the Waguantan kiln site did not have obvious differences in elemental compositions from other remaining porcelains unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site, indicating that the pieces of unearthed porcelain with the Longquan kiln style did in fact belong to the product fired locally by imitating the model of the Longquan celadon with local raw materials. This result therefore indicated that the Longquan kiln technology that originated from the Five Dynasties (907–960 A.D.) had been

Analysis of elemental composition of porcelains unearthed from Waguantan kiln site by PIXE–RBS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Z. [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Zhang, K. [School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Xia, C.D.; Liu, M.T.; Zhu, J.J. [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); An, Z., E-mail: anzhu@scu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Bai, B., E-mail: baibin@scu.edu.cn [School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)

2015-03-01

Highlights: •We analyzed 61 unearthed porcelain shards in Yuan Dynasty by PIXE–RBS. •An electron gun was installed to solve the electric charge accumulations. •The factor analysis was performed for the element compositions. •The “exotic group” porcelain samples unearthed were produced locally. -- Abstract: A method combining proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to determine the composition of 61 porcelain shards from the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 A.D.) unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site at Tianzhu County in Guizhou Province, China. Based on our previous experimental setup, an electron gun device with a LaB{sub 6} crystal cathode was installed to solve the problem created when the incident proton beams generated electric charge accumulations on the surfaces of the insulating porcelain samples, which induced a large bremsstrahlung background. The use of the electron gun has largely eliminated the large bremsstrahlung background and has therefore improved the detection limits for elements, especially for trace elements, and made it possible to determine the origin of the porcelains based on the trace elements. Major and trace elemental compositions of the porcelain bodies and glazes measured by PIXE and RBS were analyzed by the factor analysis method. The factor analysis showed that a few pieces of porcelain with a style similar to the porcelain of the Longquan kiln among the unearthed porcelains from the Waguantan kiln site did not have obvious differences in elemental compositions from other remaining porcelains unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site, indicating that the pieces of unearthed porcelain with the Longquan kiln style did in fact belong to the product fired locally by imitating the model of the Longquan celadon with local raw materials. This result therefore indicated that the Longquan kiln technology that originated from the Five Dynasties (907–960 A.D.) had been

Erbium-ion implantation into various crystallographic cuts of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nekvindova, P. [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 (Czech Republic); Mackova, A.; Malinsky, P. [Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Cajzl, J.; Svecova, B. [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 (Czech Republic); Oswald, J. [Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnicka 10, 162 53 Prague (Czech Republic); Wilhelm, R.A. [Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden (Germany); Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden (Germany)

2015-12-15

This paper reports on the importance of crystallographic cuts with a different orientation on the luminescent properties and structural changes of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} implanted with Er{sup +} ions at 190 keV and with a fluence of 1.0 × 10{sup 16} cm{sup −2}. Post-implantation annealing at 1000 °C in oxygen atmosphere was also done. The chemical compositions and erbium concentration-depth profiles of implanted layers were studied by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and compared to SRIM simulations. The same value of the maximum erbium concentration (up to 2 at.%) was observed at a depth of about 40 nm for all crystallographic cuts. The structural properties of the prepared layers were characterised by RBS/channelling. The relative amount of disordered atoms of 70–80% was observed in the prepared implanted layers and discussed for various cuts. It has been found that erbium is positioned randomly in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} crystalline matrix, and no preferential positions appeared even after the annealing procedure. Erbium luminescence properties were measured in the wavelength range of 1440–1650 nm for all samples. As-implanted Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} samples had a significant luminescence band at 1530 nm. The best luminescence was repeatedly observed in the 〈0 0 0 1〉 cut of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The annealing procedure significantly improved the luminescent properties.

Bordieu e a lingüística aplicada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz

2001-02-01

Full Text Available

Procura-se no presente trabalho: (a analisar as concepções de Bourdieu no que diz respeito à competência lingüística e ao tratamento dos fatos lingüísticos; (b traçar um paralelo entre essas concepções e a lingüística aplicada; e (c definir a sua postura como sendo a de um lingüista aplicado.

Bordieu e a lingüística aplicada

OpenAIRE

Maria de Lourdes Otero Brabo Cruz

2001-01-01

Procura-se no presente trabalho: (a) analisar as concepções de Bourdieu no que diz respeito à competência lingüística e ao tratamento dos fatos lingüísticos; (b) traçar um paralelo entre essas concepções e a lingüística aplicada; e (c) definir a sua postura como sendo a de um lingüista aplicado.

Probabilidade e Estatística Aplicada à Hidrologia

OpenAIRE

Guimarães, Rita Cabral

2011-01-01

Esta pubilicação pretende ser um manual de auxilio aos alunos na disciplinas de Hidrologia, Hidrologia Agrícola e Interpretação da Paisagem na área da probabilidade e estatistica aplicada à Hidrologia. Abordam-se temas básicos da teoria da estatística e da probabilidade para depois estes serema aplicados na resolução de problemas ligados à Hidrologia

Determination of wear metals in engine oil by PIXE and RBS technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alkofahi, M M [Physics Dept., Yarmouk university, Irbid, (Jordan)

1995-10-01

The constituents of fresh and used engine oil were determined by PIXE and RBS techniques using 2 MeV He{sup ++} ion beams. The concentration of generated wear metals in used engine oil was measured as a function of running kilometers. The fresh oil was found to contain the elements: Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, and Fe. In addition to theses elements, Pb and Br were found in the used oil. Changes in the concentrations of S, Zn and Br were noticed as the running kilometers increased. 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Enhancement of oxidation resistance in Cu and Cu(Al) thin layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horvath, Z.E.; Peto, G. E-mail: peto@mfa.kfki.hu; Paszti, Z.; Zsoldos, E.; Szilagyi, E.; Battistig, G.; Lohner, T.; Molnar, G.L.; Gyulai, J

1999-01-02

High conductivity and good resistance to electromigration makes copper a promising interconnect material in microelectronics. However, one of its disadvantages is the poor corrosion resistance. Two methods of passivation are investigated and compared: Al alloying and BF{sub 2}{sup +} ion implantation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) show the oxidation inhibition of both methods, but the different ratio of CuO{sub 2} to CuO phases suggests different mechanisms of passivation. There are no definite oxide lines in the XRD spectrum of the implanted and annealed Cu(Al) sample, so the presence of Al and the implantation together give increased protection against oxidation. The difference between the two mechanisms of oxidation inhibition is discussed briefly.

Compositional studies at the Bone-Cartilage interface using PIXE, RBS and cSAXS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaabar, W.; Gundogdu, O.; Bradley, D.A.; Bunk, O.; Pfeiffer, F.; Pfeiffer, F.; Farquharson, M.J.; Webb, M.; Jeynes, C.

2009-01-01

Micro Proton Induced X-ray Emission (μ-PIXE) analysis has been employed herein in investigating and quantifying the distribution of a number of essential cations in two thin slices of normal and diseased human articular cartilage, the latter being affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The elemental distribution maps for Ca, P, K, S and Zn in the normal and diseased slices showed similar patterns with marked increases in elemental concentrations in the bone-cartilage interface. The S concentration was significantly lower in bone than in cartilage. Conversely, the Ca and P concentrations were higher in bone. The Ca/P ratio (2.22) of the diseased slice was determined by employing the Rutherford backscattering technique (RBS). The RBS figures of this investigation agree with values previously reported by others. Structural and organisational changes of collagen networks were investigated by coherent Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) using beamline facilities at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) for a decalcified diseased human articular cartilage slice. The SAXS findings showed a gradual reorientation of collagen type II fibres of cartilage from parallel to the surface of the joint to normal to the bone-cartilage interface. Similar patterns of orientation were observed at the subchondral bone to bone-cartilage interface

Mixing of Al into uranium silicides reactor fuels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ding, F.R.; Birtcher, R.C.; Kestel, B.J.; Baldo, P.M.

1996-11-01

SEM observations have shown that irradiation induced interaction of the aluminum cladding with uranium silicide reactor fuels strongly affects both fission gas and fuel swelling behaviors during fuel burn-up. The authors have used ion beam mixing, by 1.5 MeV Kr, to study this phenomena. RBS and the 27 Al(p, γ) 28 Si resonance nuclear reaction were used to measure radiation induced mixing of Al into U 3 Si and U 3 Si 2 after irradiation at 300 C. Initially U mixes into the Al layer and Al mixes into the U 3 Si. At a low dose, the Al layer is converted into UAl 4 type compound while near the interface the phase U(Al .93 Si .07 ) 3 grows. Under irradiation, Al diffuses out of the UAl 4 surface layer, and the lower density ternary, which is stable under irradiation, is the final product. Al mixing into U 3 Si 2 is slower than in U 3 Si, but after high dose irradiation the Al concentration extends much farther into the bulk. In both systems Al mixing and diffusion is controlled by phase formation and growth. The Al mixing rates into the two alloys are similar to that of Al into pure uranium where similar aluminide phases are formed

Development of time-of-flight RBS system using multi microchannel plates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen, N.V.; Abo, S.; Lohner, T.; Sawaragi, H.; Wakaya, F.; Takai, M.

2007-01-01

A new time-of-flight Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (TOF-RBS) system with two circular microchannel plates (MCPs) installed at a distance of 140 mm from a sample holder and a scattering angle of 125 o and a 100 kV focused ion beam column having a liquid metal ion source (LMIS) of AuSiBe alloy has been assembled to obtain high counting rate and enhanced mass resolution. The possible influence of the two MCPs by logical summation of the output signals on the time resolution was investigated by measuring dedicated thin deposited metallic samples. And, the time resolution was found in the range of 1.5-2 ns

Impulse control disorders and related behaviours (ICD-RBs in Parkinson′s disease patients: Assessment using “Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson′s disease” (QUIP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashish Sharma

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: There is limited data on the prevalence of impulse control disorder and related behaviors (ICD-RBs in Indian patients with Parkinson′s Disease (PD. In the context of potential genetic and environmental factors affecting the expression of ICD-RBs, studying other multiethnic populations may bring in-sights into the mechanisms of these disorders. Objectives: To ascertain point prevalence estimate of ICD-RBs in Indian PD patients, using the validated “Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson′s disease (QUIP” and to examine their association with Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study. After taking informed consent, patients and their informants (spouse, or primary caregiver were made to complete the QUIP, and were instructed to answer questions based on behaviors that occurred anytime during PD that lasted at least four consecutive weeks. Results: Total of 299 patients participated in the study. At least one ICD-RB was present in 128 (42.8%, at least one Impulse control disorder (ICD was present in 74 (24.75% and at least one Impulse control related compulsive behaviour (ICRB was present in 93 (31.1% patients. Punding was the most frequent (12.4% followed by hyper sexuality (11.04%, compulsive hobbyism (9.4%, compulsive shopping (8.4%, compulsive medication use (7.7%, compulsive eating (5.35%, walkabout (4% and pathological gambling (3.3%. ≥ 2 ICD-RBs were observed in 15.7% of patients. After multivariate analysis, younger age of onset, being unmarried were specifically associated with presence of ICD. Longer disease duration was specifically associated with presence of ICRB. Whereas smoking and higher dopamine levodopa equivalent daily doses (DA LEDD were associated with both presence of ICD and ICRB. Higher LD LEDD was specifically associated with presence of ICD-RB. Conclusions: Our study revealed a relatively higher

Annealing Behavior of Al-Implantation-Induced Disorder in 4H-SiC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Yanwen; Weber, William J.; Jiang, Weilin; Shutthanandan, V.; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Janson, Martin; Hallen, Anders

2004-01-01

Single crystal 4H-SiC films were implanted at 150 K with 1.1 MeV Al 2 2+ and subsequently annealed at elevated temperatures. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) results indicate that the relative Si disorder at the damage peak recovers significantly as the annealing temperature increases. However, the residual Si disorder is more resistant to high-temperature annealing in the region of the implanted Al. The maximum concentration of Al profile measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is a factor of 1000 lower than the level of the residual Si disorder at the same region. Analysis of these results indicates that the excess residual Si disorder around the implanted Al projected range cannot be accounted for by just the Al interstitials; instead, it appears that each implanted Al stabilizes or inhibits recovery for an equivalent of a few hundred Si interstitials under the current experimental conditions

RBS analysis of ions implanted in light substrates exposed to hot plasmas laser-generated at PALS

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Torrisi, L.; Gammino, S.; Picciotto, A.; Wolowski, J.; Krása, Josef; Láska, Leoš; Calcagnile, L.; Quarta, G.

2005-01-01

Roč. 160, 10-12 (2005), s. 685-695 ISSN 1042-0150. [Workshop PIBHI 2005 /2./. Giardini Naxos, 08.06.06-11.06.06] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC528 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100523 Keywords : RBS analysis * ion implantation * plasma-generated by lasers Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 0.353, year: 2005

Inteligência Competitiva: metodologias aplicadas em empresas brasileiras
Inteligencia Competitiva: metodologías aplicadas en las empresas brasileñas

OpenAIRE

Mônica Erichsen Nassif; Frederico Vidigal

2012-01-01

Introdução: Apresenta um panorama acerca da Inteligência Competitiva no contexto das organizações brasileiras. Objetivo: Investiga a existência de metodologias de Inteligência Competitiva aplicadas a organizações nacionais e multinacionais de diferentes segmentos de mercado. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura nacional e internacional – envolvendo o status quo da atividade de Inteligência Competitiva no mundo – e cujo conteúdo foi confrontado com os resultados obtidos em entrevistas realiza...

Effect of the growth temperature and the AlN mole fraction on In incorporation and properties of quaternary III-nitride layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez-Garrido, S.; Pereiro, J.; Munoz, E.; Calleja, E.; Redondo-Cubero, A.; Gago, R.; Bertram, F.; Christen, J.; Luna, E.; Trampert, A.

2008-01-01

Indium incorporation into wurtzite (0001)-oriented In x Al y Ga 1-x-y N layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was studied as a function of the growth temperature (565-635 deg. C) and the AlN mole fraction (0.01< y<0.27). The layer stoichiometry was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). RBS shows that indium incorporation decreased continuously with increasing growth temperature due to thermally enhanced dissociation of In-N bonds and for increasing AlN mole fractions. High resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements did not show evidence of phase separation. The mosaicity of the quaternary layers was found to be mainly determined by the growth temperature and independent on alloy composition within the range studied. However, depending on the AlN mole fraction, nanometer-sized composition fluctuations were detected by TEM. Photoluminescence spectra showed a single broad emission at room temperature, with energy and bandwidth S- and W-shaped temperature dependences typical of exciton localization by alloy inhomogeneities. Cathodoluminescence measurements demonstrated that the alloy inhomogeneities, responsible of exciton localization, occur on a lateral length scale below 150 nm, which is corroborated by TEM

Diffusion Experiments in Opalinus Clay: Laboratory, Large-Scale Diffusion Experiments and Microscale Analysis by RBS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia-Gutierrez, M.; Alonso de los Rios, U.; Missana, T.; Cormenzana, J.L.; Mingarro, M.; Morejon, J.; Gil, P.

2008-08-06

The Opalinus Clay (OPA) formation in the Zurcher Weiland (Switzerland) is a potential host rock for a repository for high-level radioactive waste. Samples collected in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (URL), where the OPA formation is located at a depth between -200 and -300 m below the surface, were used to study the radionuclide diffusion in clay materials. Classical laboratory essays and a novel experimental set-up for large-scale diffusion experiments were performed together to a novel application of the nuclear ion beam technique Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), to understand the transport properties of the OPA and to enhance the methodologies used for in situ diffusion experiments. Through-Diffusion and In-Diffusion conventional laboratory diffusion experiments were carried out with HTO, 36{sup C}l-, I-, 22{sup N}a, 75{sup S}e, 85{sup S}r, 233{sup U}, 137{sup C}s, 60{sup C}o and 152{sup E}u. Large-scale diffusion experiments were performed with HTO, 36{sup C}l, and 85{sup S}r, and new experiments with 60{sup C}o, 137{sup C}s and 152{sup E}u are ongoing. Diffusion experiments with RBS technique were done with Sr, Re, U and Eu. (Author) 38 refs.

Diseño instruccional constructivista de la asignatura “las TIC aplicadas a la educación” para la licenciatura en Educación mención Preescolar de la UNA /

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sorel Andreina Hernández Luque

2015-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, se presenta el diseño instruccional constructivista de la Asignatura “Las TIC aplicadas a la Educación” la cual servirá como un aporte a la mejora del currículo para el Pensum de la Licenciatura en Educación Preescolar de la UNA, buscando responder a las debilidades detectadas en los estudiantes frente al uso de las TIC.

Desenvolvimento de uma rede de sensores sem fio aplicada no monitoramento da variabilidade térmica em casas de vegetação

OpenAIRE

Barbosa, Rogério Zanarde [UNESP

2015-01-01

Este é um trabalho de tecnologia computacional aplicada na área agrícola, cujo objetivo principal do trabalho é desenvolver uma rede de sensores sem fio, que envolve aspectos de software e hardware, para o monitoramento térmico no interior de uma casa de vegetação. Além da rede propriamente dita, o trabalho também inclui a sua aplicação no levantamento quantitativo da variabilidade térmica na casa de vegetação o que pode ser aplicado em diversas atividades agrícolas a serem desenvolvidas no i...

Carbon buildup monitoring using RBS: Correlation with secondary electrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilera, E.F.; Rosales, P.; Martinez-Quiroz, E.; Murillo, G.; Fernandez, M.C.

2006-01-01

The RBS technique is applied to solve the problem of on-line monitoring of the carbon deposited on a thin backed foil under ion bombardment. An iterative method is used to reliably extract quantities such as number of projectiles and target thickness in spite of beam energy changes and detector unstabilities. Experimental values for secondary electron yields are also deduced. Results are reported for the thickness variation of thin carbon foils bombarded with carbon ions of energies between 8.95 and 13 MeV. A linear correlation of this variation is found with both, the ion fluence at target and the number of secondary electrons emitted. The correlation exists even though a wide range of beam currents, beam energies and bombarding times was used during the experiment. The measured electron yields show evidence for a change in the emission process between the original foils and the deposited layer, possibly due to a texture change

Possibility of analysis using RBS, PIXE and nuclear reaction on the electrostatic Pelletron accelerator 5SDH-2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen The Nghia; Bui Van Loat; Le Hong Khiem

2011-01-01

The electrostatic Pelletron accelerator 5SDH-2 is installing at Hanoi University of Sciences. This accelerator will be the first tandem electrostatic accelerator installed in Vietnam. The schematic structure, principle of operation of the machine and its application for analysis using Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS), Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) will be presented. (author)

Copper implantation defects in MgO observed by positron beam analysis, RBS and X-TEM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huis, M.A. van; Fedorov, A.V.; Veen, A. van; Smulders, P.J.M.; Kooi, B.J.; Hosson, J.Th.M. de

2000-01-01

In this work, effects of copper ion implantation in MgO were studied. (1 0 0) MgO samples were implanted with 50 keV Cu ions and thermally annealed stepwise in air for 30 minutes at 550, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1350 K. After ion implantation and after each annealing step, the samples were analysed with positron beam analysis (PBA). Use was also made of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling (RBS-C) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM). The combination of these techniques enabled to monitor the depth resolved evolution of both created defects and the copper atom depth distribution. PBA results show that copper implantation at a dose of 10 15 ions cm -2 yields a single layer of vacancy type defects after annealing. However a copper implantation at a dose of 10 16 ions cm -2 clearly yields two layers of defects in the material after annealing, separated by an intermediate layer. In both layers nanocavities have been identified. RBS experimental results show that the implanted copper atoms diffuse into the bulk material during annealing. X-TEM and channeling results show that after annealing, the lattice of the copper nanoprecipitates is epitaxial to the MgO host lattice. Under some circumstances, copper precipitates and small voids can co-exist. Furthermore, X-TEM measurements show that the nanocavities have rectangular shapes

High Resolution and Differential PIXE combined with RBS, EBS and AFM analysis of magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) multilayer structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reis, M.A.; Alves, L.C.; Barradas, N.P.; Chaves, P.C.; Nunes, B.; Taborda, A.; Surendran, K.P.; Wu, A.; Vilarinho, P.M.; Alves, E.

2010-01-01

Thorough structural characterization of deep laying thin film, including the inference of interdiffusion profiles is frequently a complex problem. The use of RBS/PIXE holistic approaches, already shown to represent a powerful method, sometimes faces difficulties if standard experimental procedures are used. In this work, following a series of 4 He Rutherford backscattering and 1 H elastic backscattering experiments, carried out to study the influence of SrTiO 3 as a possible cladding layer between Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /(1 0 0)Si substrates and MgTiO 3 films, a simple holistic RBS-PIXE is shown to be not enough for the solution of such a problem. Establishing of the Sr depth profile, was only possible after AFM, High-Resolution EDS PIXE and differential PIXE analysis were carried out. Results, problems faced and conclusions obtained are presented.

ONO structures investigated by SIMS, RBS, and NRA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iberl, F.; Ramm, P.; Lang, W.

1992-01-01

Reoxidized nitrided oxides (ONO) will be used in ULSI technology to improve the properties of thin gate dielectrics as high breakdown fields, radiation resistance, and diffusion barriers. The ONO structures analyzed in our study are fabricated in a rapid thermal processing reactor (RTP) using oxygen and ammonium ambients. Typical data for the sequential processing mode are: rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) in oxygen atmosphere at 1100degC and rapid thermal nitridation in ammonium atmosphere (RTN) at 1050degC followed by RTO at 1150degC. Due to the complexity of the growth process it is very important to verify the resulting layers with analytical methods. The whole structure is only about 250 A thick. To analyse the sequence, composition and thickness of the layers, the depth resolution of SIMS is necessary. On the other hand, for quantification, RBS and NRA can be used. When the bulk signal is suppressed by channelling, the signal of oxygen, and in special cases nitrogen, can be evaluated from the He + backscattering spectrum. For nuclear reaction analysis, the reactions of nitrogen with deuterium are used. The combination of SIMS and the accelerator techniques allow quantitative analysis and depth profiling of this structure. (orig.)

Ion beam mixing of marker layers in Al and Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mantl, S.; Rehn, L.E.; Averback, R.S.; Thompson, L.J. Jr.

1984-07-01

Ion beam mixing experiments on thin Pt, Au, and Ni markers in Al and Si have performed at 17, 85, and 300 K. After irradiation with 300-keV Ar ions the broadening and relative shifts of the markers have been determined by RBS measurements. The marker broadenings are more pronounced in Si than in Al; in both matrices the broadenings decrease in the following order: Au, Pt, and Ni. No dependence of mixing on irradiation temperature was observed between 17 and 300 K. The shifts of the heavy Au and Pt markers relative to the Ni markers are approximately equal to the experimental accuracy. However, a shift of the Ni marker toward the surface relative to the heavier Au and Pt markers was consistently observed. 13 references, 2 figures

Morphologies of nanostructured TiO{sub 2} doped with F on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matykina, E.; Hernandez-Lopez, J.M.; Conde, A. [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Domingo, C. [Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid (Spain); Damborenea, J.J. de [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Arenas, M.A., E-mail: geles@cenim.csic.e [Departamento de Corrosion y Proteccion, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2011-02-01

The formation of nanotubes in sulphuric/hydrofluoric acid electrolyte at controlled voltage is investigated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy used for load-bearing prosthetic applications. The effects of anodizing time and voltage on film morphology, composition and microstructure are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and Raman spectroscopy. Fluorine content in the films was of a particular interest for enhancement of antibacterial properties of the surface. The efficiencies of film formation are determined as about 40% and 80% for anodizing at 20 V and 60 V respectively for shorter anodizing time and as about 1 and 5% for longer anodizing time. For 5 min of anodizing, higher voltage conditions results in a thicker barrier layer. At extended anodizing time a further disruption of the nanotubular morphology and formation of approximately 1.5 {mu}m-thick nanoporous film is promoted. The films grown at 20 V contain from 4 at.% to 6 at.% of fluorine. RBS detects about 13 at.% of fluorine incorporated in the film formed at 60 V for 60 min, possibly associated with a greater film thickness. The oxide film material consists of amorphous titania matrix doped with V{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.

Depth profiling: RBS versus energy-dispersive X-ray imaging using scanning transmission electron microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markwitz, Andreas

2000-01-01

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is known to be one of the techniques ideal for analysis of thin films. Elemental concentrations of matrix components and impurities can be investigated as well as depth profiles of almost each element of the periodic table. Best of all, RBS has both a high sensitivity and a high depth resolution, and is a non-destructive analysis technique that does not require specific sample preparation. Solid-state samples are mounted without preparation inside a high-vacuum analysis chamber. However, depth-related interpretation of elemental depth profiles requires the material density of the specimen and stopping power values to be taken into consideration. In many cases, these parameters can be estimated with sufficient precision. However, the assumed density can be inaccurate for depth scales in the nanometer range. For example, in the case of Ge nanoclusters in 500 nm thick SiO 2 layers, uncertainty is related to the actual position of a very thin Ge nanocluster band. Energy-dispersive X-ray emission (EDX) spectroscopy, using a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can assist in removing this uncertainty. By preparing a thin section of the specimen, EDX can be used to identify the position of the Ge nanocluster band very precisely, by correlating the Ge profile with the depth profiles of silicon and oxygen. However, extraction of the concentration profiles from STEM-EDX spectra is in general not straightforward. Therefore, a combination of the two very different analysis techniques is often the best and only successful way to extract high-resolution concentration profiles

An in-situ RBS system for measuring nuclides adsorbed at the liquid-solid interface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morita, K; Yuhara, J; Ishigami, R [Nagoya Univ. (Japan). School of Engineering; and others

1997-03-01

An in-situ RBS system has been developed in which heavier nuclides adsorbed at the inner surface of a thin lighter window specimen of liquid container in order to determine the rate constants for their sorption and release at the interface. The testing of a thin silicon window of the sample assembly, in which Xe gas of one atmosphere was enclosed, against the bombardment of the probing ion beam has been performed. A desorption behavior of a lead layer adsorbed at the SiO{sub 2} layer of silicon window surface into deionized water has been measured as a preliminary experiment. (author)

Advanced surface characterization of silver nanocluster segregation in Ag-TiCN bioactive coatings by RBS, GDOES, and ARXPS.

Science.gov (United States)

Escobar Galindo, R; Manninen, N K; Palacio, C; Carvalho, S

2013-07-01

Surface modification by means of wear protective and antibacterial coatings represents, nowadays, a crucial challenge in the biomaterials field in order to enhance the lifetime of bio-devices. It is possible to tailor the properties of the material by using an appropriate combination of high wear resistance (e.g., nitride or carbide coatings) and biocide agents (e.g., noble metals as silver) to fulfill its final application. This behavior is controlled at last by the outmost surface of the coating. Therefore, the analytical characterization of these new materials requires high-resolution analytical techniques able to provide information about surface and depth composition down to the nanometric level. Among these techniques are Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). In this work, we present a comparative RBS-GDOES-ARXPS study of the surface characterization of Ag-TiCN coatings with Ag/Ti atomic ratios varying from 0 to 1.49, deposited at room temperature and 200 °C. RBS analysis allowed a precise quantification of the silver content along the coating with a non-uniform Ag depth distribution for the samples with higher Ag content. GDOES surface profiling revealed that the samples with higher Ag content as well as the samples deposited at 200 °C showed an ultrathin (1-10 nm) Ag-rich layer on the coating surface followed by a silver depletion zone (20-30 nm), being the thickness of both layers enhanced with Ag content and deposition temperature. ARXPS analysis confirmed these observations after applying general algorithm involving regularization in addition to singular value decomposition techniques to obtain the concentration depth profiles. Finally, ARXPS measurements were used to provide further information on the surface morphology of the samples obtaining an excellent agreement with SEM observations when a growth model of silver islands with

Electrical transport characterization of Al and Sn doped Mg 2 Si thin films

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Bo

2017-05-22

Thin-film Mg2Si was deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Al and Sn were incorporated as n-type dopants using co-sputtering to tune the thin-film electrical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the deposited films are polycrystalline Mg2Si. The Sn and Al doping concentrations were measured using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The charge carrier concentration and the charge carrier type of the Mg2Si films were measured using a Hall bar structure. Hall measurements show that as the doping concentration increases, the carrier concentration of the Al-doped films increases, whereas the carrier concentration of the Sn-doped films decreases. Combined with the resistivity measurements, the mobility of the Al-doped Mg2Si films is found to decrease with increasing doping concentration, whereas the mobility of the Sn-doped Mg2Si films is found to increase.

Analysis of elemental composition of porcelains unearthed from Waguantan kiln site by PIXE-RBS

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Z.; Zhang, K.; Xia, C. D.; Liu, M. T.; Zhu, J. J.; An, Z.; Bai, B.

2015-03-01

A method combining proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to determine the composition of 61 porcelain shards from the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 A.D.) unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site at Tianzhu County in Guizhou Province, China. Based on our previous experimental setup, an electron gun device with a LaB6 crystal cathode was installed to solve the problem created when the incident proton beams generated electric charge accumulations on the surfaces of the insulating porcelain samples, which induced a large bremsstrahlung background. The use of the electron gun has largely eliminated the large bremsstrahlung background and has therefore improved the detection limits for elements, especially for trace elements, and made it possible to determine the origin of the porcelains based on the trace elements. Major and trace elemental compositions of the porcelain bodies and glazes measured by PIXE and RBS were analyzed by the factor analysis method. The factor analysis showed that a few pieces of porcelain with a style similar to the porcelain of the Longquan kiln among the unearthed porcelains from the Waguantan kiln site did not have obvious differences in elemental compositions from other remaining porcelains unearthed from the Waguantan kiln site, indicating that the pieces of unearthed porcelain with the Longquan kiln style did in fact belong to the product fired locally by imitating the model of the Longquan celadon with local raw materials. This result therefore indicated that the Longquan kiln technology that originated from the Five Dynasties (907-960 A.D.) had been propagated to the Waguantan kiln site of Guizhou Province in the Yuan Dynasty.

Predicción científica y prescripción en mejora genética vegetal en cuanto Ciencia Aplicada de Diseño: El caso de la mejora de frutales del género Prunus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Martínez-Gómez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La mejora genética vegetal tiene una doble índole científica: Ciencia Empírica de la Naturaleza y Ciencia Aplicada de Diseño. En este contexto el presente trabajo pretende indagar en la predicción científica como rasgo esencial de esta disciplina en cuanto Ciencia Aplicada de Diseño con especial referencia la mejora de frutales de hueso (del género Prunus. En mejora genética vegetal podemos hablar de tres niveles de conocimiento asociados a la biología molecular (nivel micro, la constitución genética de un individuo (nivel meso y al fenotipo o aspecto global de la nueva variedad (nivel macro, que afectan tanto a los tipos de predicción como a las metodologías a aplicar. La predicción constituye el objetivo principal de la mejora genética como Ciencia de Diseño. Es clave tener un conocimiento del futuro posible para poder hacer un nuevo diseño que estará completo al cabo de algunos años, más de 12 años en el caso de los frutales de hueso que es el objeto de este trabajo. Asimismo, es necesario tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de esta predicción científica aplicada a la mejora de Prunus diversas variables internas (la naturaleza genética del material vegetal de partida, las metodologías disponibles, etc. y externas (la aceptación social, los factores medioambientales, los estreses bióticos y abióticos, etc. a la hora de llevar a cabo esta predicción. El grado de conocimiento de estas variables determinará la calidad de la predicción en el diseño de nuevas variedades de Prunus.

MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS APLICADA A RELAÇÃO CLIENTES E PAGAMENTOS – ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO

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Alcione Dias Silva

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Database e a Mineração de Dados incluem tarefas e métodos para extração de conhecimento útil, interessante e indispensável na tomada de decisões rápidas nas mais diversas áreas de conhecimento. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo nortear o leitor na vasta relação de trabalhos que se utilizam desta importante ferramenta e apontar as principais publicações de Mineração de Dados utilizadas na relação clientes e pagamentos, no âmbito público e privado, além de propor chaves de pesquisa que possam contribuir para a obtenção de trabalhos relacionados com objetivo de facilitar as buscas pertinentes a este importante assunto. Quanto à metodologia, foram pesquisadas as publicações relacionadas às técnicas de Mineração de Dados aplicadas a base de dados tributária pertencente a entidades governamentais estendendo-se analogamente aos trabalhos similares na área privada. A base de dados utilizada para este estudo foi a SCOPUS no período de janeiro de 1999 a março de 2012. Dentre os 927 resultados obtidos, tem merecido destaque o setor de pagamentos eletrônicos via cartões de crédito e a rede neural artificial como técnica aplicada com maior sucesso. O idioma mais utilizado para a confecção das publicações foi o inglês. Os resultados apresentados contribuem no sentido de direcionar os autores quanto às áreas mais carentes de trabalhos científicos aplicados a Mineração de Dados, os países e idiomas com maior número de publicações, contribuindo de forma direcionada para o enriquecimento de trabalhos futuros.

Ion implantation of Cd and Ag into AlN and GaN

CERN Document Server

Miranda, Sérgio M C; Correia, João Guilherme; Vianden, Reiner; Johnston, Karl; Alves, Eduardo; Lorenz, Katharina

2012-01-01

GaN and AlN thin films were implanted with cadmium (Cd) or silver (Ag), to fluences ranging from 1×1013 to 1.7 × 1015 at/cm$^{2}$. The implanted samples were annealed at 950 ºC under flowing nitrogen. While implantation damage could be fully removed for the lowest fluences, for higher fluences the crystal quality was only partially recovered. For the high fluence samples the lattice site location of the ions was studied by Rutherford Backscattering/ channelling (RBS/C). Cd ions are found to be incorporated in substitutional cation sites (Al or Ga) while Ag is slightly displaced from this position. To further investigate the incorporation sites, Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) measurements were performed and the electric field gradients at the site of the probe nuclei were determined.

Desempeño de un reactor biológico secuencial (RBS en el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas

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Carmen Cárdenas

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Título en ingles: performance of a sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR in the treatment of domestic sewage Resumen: Se estudió la remoción biológica de materia orgánica y nutrientes de un agua residual doméstica empleando un Reactor Biológico Secuencial (RBS a escala piloto. El estudio fue dividido en cuatro fases en las que se modifico la carga orgánica y la duración de las etapas anaerobia, aerobia y anoxica que conforman cada ciclo de tratamiento, considerando edades de lodo de 10 y 7,5 días. Durante las Fases I y II se operó el sistema con bajos valores de carga másica: 0,364 y 0,220 kg.DQO/Kg.SSV.dia, mientras que durante las Fases III y IV se emplearon cargas mayores: 0,665 y 0,737 kg.DQO/Kg.SSV.dia respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las mayores eficiencias de remoción de materia orgánica en términos de DBO se alcanzaron durante la Fases III (91% y IV (82%, con remoción de fósforo superior a 40%. En cuanto al proceso de nitrificación durante las Fases I y II se registraron tasas de 0,032 y 0,024 kg.N-NH3/kg.SSV.dia, esto debido al menor contenido de materia orgánica y a la baja relación DBO/NKT, mientras que durante las Fases III y IV estas fueron menores: 0,015 kg.N-NH3/kg.SSV.dia durante la Fase III y 0,020 kg.N-NH3/kg.SSV.dia en la Fase IV, sin embargo, fue en estas fases donde se alcanzaron los mayores niveles de desnitrificación durante la etapa anóxica, favorecido por una relación C/N adecuada, próxima de 4 kg.DBO/kg.N-NO3- y la presencia de un substrato de fácil biodegradación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran los RBS como una alternativa eficiente y viable en el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas Palabras clave: reactor biológico secuencial; nitrificación/desnitrificación; remoción biológica; edad de lodo. Abstract: It was studied the biological removal of organic matter and nutrients from domestic wastewater using a Sequential Biological Reactor (SBR at pilot scale. The study

RBS investigations of high-temperature reactions on graphite substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eloi, C.C. [Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry]|[Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Robertson, J.D. [Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry]|[Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Majidi, V. [Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry

1995-05-01

While graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is one of the most powerful techniques for ultratrace analysis of Pb, it is often plagued by matrix interferences. These interferences are minimized by the addition of matrix modifiers which stabilize the analyte signal through unknown mechanisms. Using RBS, the high temperature reactions of nitrate salts of Pb were studied on pyrolytically coated graphite with and without matrix modifiers. The addition of an ammonium phosphate modifier was found to stabilize Pb through the formation of a metal oxy-phosphorus compound. Moreover, the depth profiles demonstrated that the pyrolytically coated graphite was not impervious as previously thought. Pre-treatment of the surface with O{sub 2} is also known to cause a delay in the vaporization of Pb. While a surface effect had previously been postulated, the 3.04 MeV resonance {sup 16}O({alpha}, {alpha}){sup 16}O elastic scattering measurements show that it proceeds through the formation of surface bound lead-oxygen species as the number of oxygen atoms chemisorbed and the number of lead atoms, present on the surface prior to vaporization, are nearly equal. (orig.).

DsrA regulatory RNA represses both hns and rbsD mRNAs through distinct mechanisms in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Lalaouna, David; Morissette, Audrey; Carrier, Marie-Claude; Massé, Eric

2015-10-01

The 87 nucleotide long DsrA sRNA has been mostly studied for its translational activation of the transcriptional regulator RpoS. However, it also represses hns mRNA, which encodes H-NS, a major regulator that affects expression of nearly 5% of Escherichia coli genes. A speculative model previously suggested that DsrA would block hns mRNA translation by binding simultaneously to start and stop codon regions of hns mRNA (coaxial model). Here, we show that DsrA efficiently blocked translation of hns mRNA by base-pairing immediately downstream of the start codon. In addition, DsrA induced hns mRNA degradation by actively recruiting the RNA degradosome complex. Data presented here led to a model of DsrA action on hns mRNA, which supports a canonical mechanism of sRNA-induced mRNA degradation by binding to the translation initiation region. Furthermore, using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing technology (MAPS), we also demonstrated that DsrA targets rbsD mRNA, involved in ribose utilization. Surprisingly, DsrA base pairs far downstream of rbsD start codon and induces rapid degradation of the transcript. Thus, our study enables us to draw an extended DsrA targetome. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Low energy RBS-channeling measurement system with the use of a time-of-flight scattered ion detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Masataka; Kobayashi, Naoto; Hayashi, Nobuyuki [Electrotechnical Lab., Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)

1996-07-01

We have developed a low energy Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-ion channeling measurement system for the analysis of thin films and solid surfaces with the use of several tens keV hydrogen ions and a time-of-flight particle energy spectrometer. For the detection of the scattered ions new TOF spectrometer has been developed, which consists of two micro-channel-plate detectors. The pulsing of the primary ion beam is not necessary for this type of TOF measurement, and it is possible to observe continues scattered ion beams. The dimension of whole system is very compact compared to the conventional RBS-channeling measurement system with the use of MeV He ions. The energy resolution, {delta} E/E, for 25 keV H{sup +} was 4.1%, which corresponds to the depth resolution of 4.8 nm for silicon. The depth resolution of our system is better than that of conventional RBS system with MeV helium ions and solid state detectors. We have demonstrated the ion channeling measurement by this system with 25 keV hydrogen ions. The system can be available well to the analysis of thin films and solid surfaces with the use of the ion channeling effect. The observation of the reaction between Fe and hydrogen terminated silicon surface was also demonstrated. (J.P.N.)

Cyclic voltammetry and RBS study of paint components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bowman, Lynn; Spencer, Dirk; Muntele, Claudiu; Muntele, Iulia; Ila, D.

2007-01-01

Heavy metals and metalloid ions are found in environmental matrices. The most toxic are lead, cadmium and mercury. These three heavy metals have no biological function and are toxic at all concentrations. Lead is one of the most insidious heavy metals and is introduced into the environment by many different means. It persists in both urban and rural settings, being found in paint chips, pottery, crystal and pharmaceutical and nutritional products. The analysis of heavy elements such as lead in soil is of particular importance [W.T. Sturges, R.M. Harrison, Sci. Total Environ. 44 (3) (1985) 225; M.L. Lepow, L. Bruckman, M. Gillette, S. Markowitz, R. Robino, J. Kapish, Environ. Res. 10 (3) (1975) 415; A.E. Daniels, J.R. Kominsky, P.J. Clark, J. Hazard. Mater. B 87 (2001) 117; G. Hutter, D. Moshman, J. Hazard. Mater. 40 (1995) 1]. In preparing the methods for lead detection in paint, we have used Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in order to study the type and amount of heavy metal content in paint samples collected at various sites in the historic campus at A and M University (AAMU). We will show the results of our study with emphasis on comparison of what we learned about presence of lead in paints using our ion beam methods compared with the analysis of lead in paints using cyclic voltammetry

RBS and NRA damage analysis on PFA films bombarded with hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parada, Marco A.; Petchevist, Paulo C.D.; Minamisawa, Renato A.; Almeida, Adelaide de; Muntele, Claudiu I.; Zimmerman, Robert L.; Ila, Daryush

2005-01-01

The fluoropolymer PFA (Tetrafluoroethylene-per-fluoromethoxy ethylene) is a conventional thermoplastic used in civil engineering applications such as anti-adherent coatings and concrete additives. It is also candidate materials for radiation dosimetry with applications in medical physics. When such a polymer is exposed to ionizing radiation, it can suffers damages that depend on the type, energy, and intensity of the radiation. We present results on the damage caused by 1 MeV protons at fluences of 10 13 , 10 14 , 10 15 , and 10 16 protons/cm 2 . The energy deposited during such hydrogen bombardment breaks the polymeric chains with the release of fluorine in amounts directly proportional to the amount of deposited energy. Virgin samples were first analyzed by RBS. Subsequent damage was then profiled by monitoring the alpha emission spectrum, resulting from the nuclear reaction: 19 F(p,αγ) 16 O induced by 1.38 MeV protons on the remaining fluorine content of damaged polymer samples. (author)

RBS characterisation of SrxBa1-xNb2O6 (SBN) thin films obtained by laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pantelica, D.; Petris, M.; Negoita, F.; Dinescu, M.; Dinu, R.; Bauerle, D.; Pedarnig, J.; Bauer-Gogonea, S.; Bauer, S.

1999-01-01

Sr x Ba 1-x Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) is an attractive material for many applications such as nonvolatile ferroelectric random-access memories. SBN thin films have been grown by different techniques, such as solid source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase epitaxy, sol-gel synthesis and rf-sputter deposition. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a relatively new growth technique which is ideally suited to the epitaxial growth of multicomponent oxides, because complex target compositions can be stoichiometrically reproduced at the substrate. Multilayer SBN/LSCO/TiN/MgO was prepared as follows: the (100) MgO substrate was glued onto a Ni holder with silver paint and the whole assembly was heated radiatively to the deposition temperatures in the range 450-800 deg. C. MgO substrates were annealed in oxygen at 1050 deg. C for 12 hours prior to the deposition of films. A UV-excimer laser (KrF, λ = 248 nm, t(FWHM) = 25 ns) operating at a repetition rate of 5 Hz was used for ablation. The laser fluence was varied between 0.8-2.6 J/cm 2 ; 4000 pulses were given for the deposition of LSCO film and 8000 pulses for the deposition of SBN film. The composition of the film was analysed using RBS. The measurements were conducted using a 7 Li ++ beam at 4.5 MeV provided by the Van de Graaff Tandem accelerator of IFIN-HH. An ordinary backscattering setup was used. The backscattered particles were detected using a passivated ion implanted silicon detector, placed at 145 angle with respect with the beam. The energy resolution for 7 Li at 4 MeV was about 30 keV. The sample surface was perpendicular to the beam direction. For the quantitative analysis of RBS spectra we used the code RUMP. A typical RBS spectrum of a SBN/LSCO/TiN/MgO sample is shown. A simulation is plotted on the same graph. The simulation curve fit well the experimental data. The profiles for different element are flat topped, indicating that the composition is constant with depth. The sharp high and low energy

Characterization of a silver-incorporated calcium phosphate film by RBS and its antimicrobial effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, I-H; Lee, I-S; Song, J-H; Lee, M-H; Park, J-C; Lee, G-H; Sun, X-D; Chung, S-M

2007-01-01

A thin calcium phosphate film was synthesized on both commercially pure Ti and Si wafers by electron beam evaporation of hydroxyapatite as an evaporant with simultaneous Ar ion beam bombardments. Silver was introduced into an ion-beam-assisted deposition of a calcium phosphate thin film for antimicrobial effect. The amount of incorporated silver ions was controlled by immersing calcium-phosphate-coated samples in different AgNO 3 concentrations, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was employed to measure the amounts of substituted silver. The higher concentration of silver in the calcium phosphate film was more effective in reducing the bacteria of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Streptococcus mutans OMZ 65 on contact with respect to controls

Characterization of a silver-incorporated calcium phosphate film by RBS and its antimicrobial effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, I-H [Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, and Atomic-Scale Surface Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seou1 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, I-S [Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, and Atomic-Scale Surface Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seou1 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Song, J-H [Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, M-H [Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752 (Korea, Republic of); Park, J-C [Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, G-H [Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Chang-Won 641-010 (Korea, Republic of); Sun, X-D [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Chung, S-M [Implantium Research Center, Seoul 135-879 (Korea, Republic of)

2007-09-15

A thin calcium phosphate film was synthesized on both commercially pure Ti and Si wafers by electron beam evaporation of hydroxyapatite as an evaporant with simultaneous Ar ion beam bombardments. Silver was introduced into an ion-beam-assisted deposition of a calcium phosphate thin film for antimicrobial effect. The amount of incorporated silver ions was controlled by immersing calcium-phosphate-coated samples in different AgNO{sub 3} concentrations, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was employed to measure the amounts of substituted silver. The higher concentration of silver in the calcium phosphate film was more effective in reducing the bacteria of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Streptococcus mutans OMZ 65 on contact with respect to controls.

THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS RBS 5 ISOLATED FROM HOT TUNISIAN SPRING CO-PRODUCING ALKALINE AND THERMOSTABLE α-AMYLASE AND PROTEASE ENZYMES

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Rakia Ben Salem

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Bacillus licheniformis RBS 5 was isolated from thermal spring in Tunisia. The isolate coproduce α-amylase and protease enzymes. The α-amylase activity showed an optimal activity at approximately 65°C and in wide pH interval ranging from 4 to 9. This enzyme was stable over the range of 45 to 70°C after 30 min of incubation and in the pH range of 8 to 10. Protease activity was optimal; at 80°C, pH 12. This enzyme was stable until 60°C over the pH range of 10 to 12. EDTA at concentration of 5 mM reduces slightly both activities evoking the serine alkaline protease. Cationic ions (Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg 2+ have an inhibition effect on α-amylase. However, protease activity was enhanced by Ca2+, Cu2+ and Mg 2+; the other cations reduce slightly the proteolytic activity. SDS and H2O2 were found as inhibitors for both activities whereas Triton X-100 and perfume have no effect. Taken together, these traits make protease activity of B. licheniformis RBS 5 as efficient for use in detergent industry.

Formación en Aplicaciones Informáticas para el Tratamiento Digital de Imágenes Aplicadas al Control de una Organización de la Comunidad Valenciana

OpenAIRE

Hernandez Franco, Carlos Alberto; Lloret, Jaime; Viñals Blasco, Mª José

2004-01-01

Desde los distintos niveles de la Administración del Estado Español se han podido constatar los cambios que se están operando en la actividad turística de los ciudadanos, sean estos nacionales, comunitarios o del resto del mundo, y que conllevan, fundamentalmente, a un incremento del turismo de naturaleza, el ecoturismo, el turismo rural, cultural, etc. Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones aplicadas a la actividad turística relacionada con los espacios naturales de España...

A inserção do ensino de custos na disciplina administração aplicada à enfermagem La inserción de la enseñanza de costos en la disciplina administración aplicada a la enfermería Insertion of cost teaching in the discipline of administration applied to nursing

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Ivone Maria Fonseca Francisco

2006-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto foi realizar um resgate teórico sobre a traje-tória da disciplina de Admi-nistração Aplicada à Enfermagem, na graduação, ao longo da história do ensino da Enfermagem Brasi-leira, relacionando-a ao ensino de Custos. Percebemos, inseridas no ensino dessa disciplina, diversas citações diretas referentes ao tema Custos ou Economia em Saúde, desde o primeiro currículo de Enfermagem de 1890 até as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfer-magem de 2001, além de citações indiretas relacionadas ao geren-ciamento, tomada de decisão, assessorias em projetos de saúde, entre outras, mas sem haver uma continuidade.Este texto tuvo como objetivo realizar un rescate teórico sobre la trayectoria de la disciplina de Administración Aplicada a la enfermería, en el pregrado, a lo largo de la historia de la enseñanza de la Enfermería Brasileña, relacionándola a la enseñanza de Costos. Percibimos, insertadas en la enseñanza de esa disciplina, diversas citaciones directas referentes al tema Costos o Economía en Salud, desde el primer currículo de Enfermería de 1890 hasta las Directivas Curriculares Nacionales del Pregrado en Enfermería del 2001, además de citaciones indirectas relacionadas al gerenciamiento, toma de decisión, asesorías en proyectos de salud, entre otras, pero sin ninguna continuidad.The objective of this text was to make theoretical rescue of the course of the undergraduate disci-pline Administration Applied to Nursing throughout the history of teaching of Nursing in Brazil, connecting it to the teaching of Costs. We noticed, inserted in the teaching of this discipline, many direct quotes related to the themes of Costs or Economics in Health, from the earliest curriculum in Nursing, dating back to 1890, to the National Curricular Policies of the Nursing Undergraduate Course, of 2001, in addition to indirect quotes related to mana-gement, decision taking, and advising in

Structure and properties of combined coatings on C (graphite)/Al/Al2O3 base after Ti ion implantation with subsequent electron beam irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pogrebnjak, A.D.; Pogrebnjak, N.A.; Gritsenko, B.P.; Kylyshkanov, M.K.; Ruzimov, Sh.M.

2004-01-01

Full text: The presented report deals with new results on deposition of combined coatings using Al metallization (by a plasma jet) and micro-arc (discharge) Al oxidation. After this, the coating was implanted by Ti ions with 5·10 I7 cm -2 dose (60 and 90 kV and about 200 μs duration). One series of samples with such coatings was irradiated using the accelerator Y-112 by an electron beam in melting regime (two regimes). Analysis of the structure and element composition was performed using SIMS, RBS, SEM with micro-analysis (WDS), XRD as well as measurements of microhardness, wear and adhesion. It had been demonstrated that the coating was able to sustain very high temperatures and oxidation medium. However, after electron beam irradiation temperature resistance decreased because the oxide coating was melted almost to the graphite surface. The work was funded by the Project of NANU 'Nanosystems, nanomaterials and nanotechnology'

Characterisation of amorphous silicon alloys by RBS/ERD with self consistent data analysis using simulated annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barradas, N.P.; Wendler, E.; Jeynes, C.; Summers, S.; Reehal, H.S.; Summers, S.

1999-01-01

Full text: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon films are deposited by CVD onto insulating (silica) substrates for the fabrication of solar cells. 1.5MeV 4 He ERD/RBS is applied to the films, and a self consistent depth profile of Si and H using the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm was obtained for each sample. The analytical procedure is described in detail, and the confidence limits of the profiles are obtained using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method which is a natural extension of the SA algorithm. We show how the results are of great benefit to the growers

MANUAL JORNALÍSTICO E PRÁTICAS CONTRADITÓRIAS: DIÁLOGO ENTRE O TEXTO DE ZERO HORA E A TRAJETÓRIA DA RBS

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Maria Berenice da Costa Machado

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Para bem refletir sobre um jornal, no caso Zero Hora (ZH, de Porto Alegre, seria necessário, também, resgatar a história da sua controladora, a Rede Brasil Sul (RBS. O exercício fez emergir muitas contradições entre o código normativo do diário e a trajetória do Grupo de comunicação. Oito desses episódios trazemos para o diálogo neste estudo: o uso indiscriminado de nomes e siglas, dos espaços de expressão das opiniões, os cruzamentos do jornalismo – editorial – com a publicidade – comercial –, os desencontros de datas, a estrutura monopolística, os valores propagados, a relação com as pessoas e a parceria com a Rede Globo. Nossa hipótese é de que está na gênese da RBS (e de ZH a “vocação” para o contraditório. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Zero Hora. Rede Brasil Sul. História. Contradições.

Estudio de Algoritmos 2-Deslizantes Aplicados al Control de Pilas de Combustible

OpenAIRE

Cristian Kunusch; Paul F. Puleston; Miguel A. Mayosky

2008-01-01

Resumen: En este trabajo se hace un estudio comparativo de tres diferentes técnicas de control por modo deslizante de segundo orden, aplicadas al problema específico del control de respiración de una pila de combustible PEM. Los algoritmos diseñados se contrastan por simulación utilizando el modelo completo del sistema, poniendo particular énfasis en la respuesta transitoria y la robustez frente a perturbaciones. Palabras clave: Pilas de Combustible, Control no lineal, Modo Deslizante

ProduÃÃo acadÃmica brasileira em contabilidade de custos aplicada ao setor pÃblico: plataformas teÃrico metodolÃgicas e aspectos normativos

OpenAIRE

Cicero Philip Soares do Nascimento

2013-01-01

A contabilidade de custos aplicada ao setor pÃblico apresenta-se diante de grandes desafios com o advento das diretrizes para a estruturaÃÃo do sistema de informaÃÃo de custos do setor pÃblico. Tais diretrizes normativas, impulsionadas pelas normas brasileiras de contabilidade aplicadas ao setor pÃblico, possibilitam melhorias na qualidade informacional das informaÃÃes de custos no setor pÃblico. Paralelamente, diante do cenÃrio de potencias mudanÃas da contabilidade de custos aplicada ao set...

Silver surface enrichment controlled by simultaneous RBS for reliable PIXE analysis of ancient coins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beck, L.; Alloin, E.; Berthier, C.; Reveillon, S.; Costa, V.

2008-01-01

Evidence of silver surface enrichment of ancient silver-copper coins has been pointed out in the past years. Surface enrichment can be fortuitous or intentional. In this paper, we have investigated the cleaning procedures usually performed after excavation or in museums. We have shown that chemicals or commercial products routinely used dissolve preferentially the copper phase and consequently contribute to the silver surface enrichment. As a result, surface analyses such as PIXE or XRF can be strongly affected by this effect. By using simultaneously RBS and PIXE, it is possible to check through the silver surface enrichment and then select the reliable measurements, characteristic of the bulk composition. Results on coins recently discovered and mechanically or chemically cleaned are presented

Linguística Aplicada: uma identidade construida nos CBLA Applied Linguistics: an identity constructed in the Brazilian Congresses of Applied Linguistics

OpenAIRE

Renata Archanjo

2011-01-01

Este artigo objetiva investigar a Linguística Aplicada (LA) como um campo de estudos produtor de conhecimento que tem sofrido muitas transformações ao longo de sua trajetória de busca de uma identidade própria. Tais transformações são recuperadas nas vozes de suas pesquisas ao longo dos anos. Assim, esse estudo analisa o percurso histórico da LA, com base na produção científica apresentada nos Congressos Brasileiros de Linguística Aplicada (CBLA), buscando compreender os significados revelado...

Nuclear techniques (PIXE and RBS) applied to analysis of pre hispanic metals of the Templo Mayor at Tenochtitlan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mendez U, I.; Tenorio, D.; Galvan, J.L.

2000-01-01

This work has the objective of determining by means of the utilization of nuclear techniques (PIXE and RBS) the composition and the alloy type of diverse aztec ornaments corresponding to Post classic period, they were manufactured principally with copper and gold such as bells, beads and disks; all they belonging at 9 oblations of Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan. It is presented here briefly the historical and archaeological antecedents of the devices as well as the analytical methods for conclude with the results obtained. (Author)

RBS and NRA damage analysis on PFA films bombarded with hydrogen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parada, Marco A.; Petchevist, Paulo C.D.; Minamisawa, Renato A.; Almeida, Adelaide de [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica]. E-mail: dalmeida@ffclrp.usp.br; Muntele, Claudiu I.; Zimmerman, Robert L.; Ila, Daryush [A and M University, Normal, AL (United States). Center for Irradiation of Materials]. E-mail: ila@cim.aamu.edu

2005-07-01

The fluoropolymer PFA (Tetrafluoroethylene-per-fluoromethoxy ethylene) is a conventional thermoplastic used in civil engineering applications such as anti-adherent coatings and concrete additives. It is also candidate materials for radiation dosimetry with applications in medical physics. When such a polymer is exposed to ionizing radiation, it can suffers damages that depend on the type, energy, and intensity of the radiation. We present results on the damage caused by 1 MeV protons at fluences of 10{sup 13}, 10{sup 14}, 10{sup 15}, and 10{sup 16} protons/cm{sup 2}. The energy deposited during such hydrogen bombardment breaks the polymeric chains with the release of fluorine in amounts directly proportional to the amount of deposited energy. Virgin samples were first analyzed by RBS. Subsequent damage was then profiled by monitoring the alpha emission spectrum, resulting from the nuclear reaction: {sup 19}F(p,{alpha}{gamma}){sup 16}O induced by 1.38 MeV protons on the remaining fluorine content of damaged polymer samples. (author)

Heavy ion irradiation induced effects in Ni3N/Al bilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dhar, S.; Rissanen, L.; Engel, K.; Wenderoth, M.; Lieb, K.P.

2001-01-01

The article reports on the Xe ion beam irradiation studies of Ni 3 N/Al bilayers at 80 K. The ion-induced modifications were monitored by Rutherford backscattering (RBS), resonant nuclear reaction analysis (RNRA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found preferential loss of nitrogen from the surface region of the Ni 3 N top layers. The surface roughness Δσ S and the interface broadening variance Δσ int 2 increase linearly with the Xe ion fluence PHI. The experimental mixing rate of Δσ 2 /PHI=1.8 nm 4 is explained by considering an enhancement of ballistic mixing due to chemical reactions at the interface

Estudio de Algoritmos 2-Deslizantes Aplicados al Control de Pilas de Combustible

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Cristian Kunusch

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se hace un estudio comparativo de tres diferentes técnicas de control por modo deslizante de segundo orden, aplicadas al problema específico del control de respiración de una pila de combustible PEM. Los algoritmos diseñados se contrastan por simulación utilizando el modelo completo del sistema, poniendo particular énfasis en la respuesta transitoria y la robustez frente a perturbaciones. Palabras clave: Pilas de Combustible, Control no lineal, Modo Deslizante

An RBS study of thin PLD and MOCVD strontium copper oxide layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kantor, Z. [Institute of Physics, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprem (Hungary); Papadopoulou, E.L.; Aperathitis, E. [Inst. Electronic Struture and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 (Greece); Deschanvres, J.-L. [LMPG INP Grenoble-Minatec, BP 257, 38016 Grenoble Cedex 1 (France); Somogyi, K. [MicroVacuum Ltd., Kerekgyarto u.: 10, H-1147 Budapest (Hungary)], E-mail: karoly.somogyi@microvacuum.com; Szendro, I. [MicroVacuum Ltd., Kerekgyarto u.: 10, H-1147 Budapest (Hungary)

2008-09-30

Strontium copper oxide (SCO) has been studied as p-type transparent (VIS) conductive oxide material. Also theoretical studies suggested p-type conductivity of the SrCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} composition. SCO thin layers, with thicknesses of 30-2000 nm, were deposited on glass and silicon substrates both by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and by MOCVD method. The as-grown layers showed high electrical resistance. Due to an annealing process, the resistivity significantly decreased and the layers showed p-type conductivity. Optical transparency measured on samples grown on glass substrates was found about or above 80%, including also thickness dependence. RBS measurements were applied for the determination of the chemical composition profile of the layers. A comparison revealed some specific differences between as-grown and annealed PLD samples. Due to the annealing, the ratio of oxide phases was changed and a vertical inhomogeneity in chemical composition was observed. Our measurements revealed also the influence of the deposition technique and of the substrate.

II SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL EN CIENCIAS APLICADAS “Una mirada hacia la innovación y el desarrollo sostenible”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Verónica Cortés-Espinosa; et. al.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN La Química, Biología y las Matemáticas son el pilar de las ciencias aplicadas. La investigación en el área básica se ve reflejada en el desarrollo de disciplinas como las ciencias de la salud, ingenierías y ciencias ambientales. De esta forma, la integración entre la investigación básica y las ciencias aplicadas es fundamental en el desarrollo del profesional moderno. Considerando lo anterior la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales organiza el segundo seminario internacional en Ciencias Aplicadas,como una ventana a la integración de la investigación en la identificación de problemas cotidianos y a la búsqueda de soluciones a los mismos, contribuyendo a la vez el enriquecimiento profesional de los participantes y generando espacios de discusión científica en la Universidad de Santander UDES. OBJETIVOS Desarrollar temáticas de actualidad en diversas áreas del conocimiento con perspectivas de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico en áreas de la salud, investigación y el ambiente. Ofrecer talleres formativos para contextualizar el conocimiento de manera que los asistentes reconozcan las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas para obtener mejores resultados en su futuro desempeño como profesionales.

RBS and NRA of cobalt oxide thin films prepared by the sol-gel process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrade, E.; Huerta, L.; Pineda, J.C.; Zavala, E.P.; Barrera, E.; Rocha, M. F.; Vargas, C.A.

2001-01-01

This work presents a study of cobalt oxide thin films produced by the sol-gel process on aluminum and glass substrates. These films have been analyzed using two ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques: a) a standard RBS 4 He 2 MeV and b) nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using a 1 MeV deuterium beam. The 12 C(d,p 0 ) 13 C nuclear reaction provides information that carbon is incorporated into the film structure, which could be associated to the sinterization film process. Other film measurements such as optical properties, XRD, and SEM were performed in order to complement the IBA analysis. The results show that cobalt oxide film coatings prepared by this technique have good optical properties as solar absorbers and potential uses in solar energy applications

RBS and ion channeling studies of Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ targets and films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Yupu; Liu, J.R.; Cui, X.T.; Chu, W.K.

1998-01-01

The location of Ag in Ag-doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) films and other high-T c materials (such as Ag-doped BiSrCaCuO films and Ag-sheathed textured BiSrCaCuO wires) is a very important issue for improving high-T c materials. In this work, laser ablated and DC magnetron sputtered YBCO films on (100) LaAlO 3 and (100) SrTiO 3 were prepared from sintered Ag-YBCO composite targets (nominally containing 5 wt% Ag) and studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and ion channeling techniques using 2.0 MeV 4 He + and 7 Li + beams. We have found that the Ag-YBCO targets contain about 3 wt% Ag and most of the retained Ag atoms form some small size Ag precipitates with a typical size smaller than a few microns. We have demonstrated that in very good single crystalline YBCO films, the percentage of retained Ag in substitutional sites can be estimated by ion channeling technique. For example, we have found that about 1.2 wt% Ag atoms remain in the laser ablated Ag-doped films prepared from the Ag-YBCO target and about two-thirds of the retained Ag atoms occupy substitutional sites. The sputtered films contain less retained Ag atoms since the deposition temperature is higher and deposition time is longer than those for laser ablated films. (orig.)

Fuel cells applied to transport; Celdas de combustible aplicadas al transporte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vargas Gonzalez, Miguel [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-07-01

The future demand of energy as well as the preservation of the environment have generated, in several countries, the necessity of developing alternative means for the most efficient transformation of energy that causes minimum damages to the environment. The fuel cells technology is outlined as one of the alternating means to the traditional forms of transforming the energy for residential use as well as for the automotive vehicles. At present it is in a final stage of demonstration, reason why as of year 2003 the possibility will exist on automobiles and trucks circulating normally. [Spanish] La futura demanda de energeticos asi como la preservacion del medio ambiente ha generado, en varios paises, la necesidad de desarrollar medios alternos para la transformacion mas eficiente de la energia que cause minimos danos al ambiente. La tecnologia de celdas de combustible se perfila como uno de los medios alternos a la forma tradicional de transformar la energia tanto para uso residencial como para los vehiculos automotores. En la actualidad se encuentra en una etapa final de demostracion por lo que posiblemente a partir del ano 2003 se cuente con automoviles y camiones circulando normalmente.

Characterisation of zinc in slags originated from a contaminated sediment by coupling /μ-PIXE, /μ-RBS, /μ-EXAFS and powder EXAFS spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Isaure, M. P.; Laboudigue, A.; Manceau, A.; Sarret, G.; Tiffreau, C.; Trocellier, P.

2001-07-01

Depositing dredged sediments on soils is usual but it is a hazardous practice for the local environment when these sediments are polluted by heavy metals. This chemical hazard can be assessed by determining the speciation of metals. In this study, slags highly polluted with Zn and originated from a contaminated dredged sediment were investigated. Zn speciation was studied by laterally resolved techniques such as μ-particle induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE), μ-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (μ-RBS), μ-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS), and bulk analyses such as powder EXAFS spectroscopy. μ-PIXE and μ-RBS results showed that high concentrations of Zn were associated with S in localised areas at the surface of the slags while moderate amounts of Zn were mainly associated with Fe in the matrix. EXAFS results allowed to identify ZnS and Zn sorbed on ferrihydrite (5Fe 2O 3·9H 2O), proxy for iron oxy-hydroxides, as the main Zn-bearing phases. The occurrence of this Zn-iron oxy-hydroxide is interpreted as a mobilisation of Zn released from ZnS oxidation.

Characterisation of zinc in slags originated from a contaminated sediment by coupling μ-PIXE, μ-RBS, μ-EXAFS and powder EXAFS spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isaure, M.P.; Laboudigue, A.; Manceau, A.; Sarret, G.; Tiffreau, C.; Trocellier, P.

2001-01-01

Depositing dredged sediments on soils is usual but it is a hazardous practice for the local environment when these sediments are polluted by heavy metals. This chemical hazard can be assessed by determining the speciation of metals. In this study, slags highly polluted with Zn and originated from a contaminated dredged sediment were investigated. Zn speciation was studied by laterally resolved techniques such as μ-particle induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE), μ-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (μ-RBS), μ-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS), and bulk analyses such as powder EXAFS spectroscopy. μ-PIXE and μ-RBS results showed that high concentrations of Zn were associated with S in localised areas at the surface of the slags while moderate amounts of Zn were mainly associated with Fe in the matrix. EXAFS results allowed to identify ZnS and Zn sorbed on ferrihydrite (5Fe 2 O 3 ·9H 2 O), proxy for iron oxy-hydroxides, as the main Zn-bearing phases. The occurrence of this Zn-iron oxy-hydroxide is interpreted as a mobilisation of Zn released from ZnS oxidation

RBS/channeling study of buried Ge quantum dots grown in a Si layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, A.; Alves, E.; Barradas, N.P.; Leitao, J.P.; Sobolev, N.A.; Carmo, M.C.; Nikiforov, A.I.; Presting, H.

2006-01-01

In last decades we have been assisting to a crescent importance of low dimensional systems for the fabrication of nano- and opto-electronic devices. Ge quantum dots (QDs) are well suited for fulfilling these requirements. In this work we present and discuss Ge/Si multilayer and single layer samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy. RBS/channeling results reveal the evidence for the presence of Ge QD for the thickest (with 1 ML of SiO 2 and 0.9 nm of Ge) single layer sample. On the other hand Ge atoms are fully substitutional incorporated in the Si matrix for the thinner sample, excluding the formation of Ge QDs. Multilayer sample shows an angular deviation of the Ge curve (-0.48 o ) with respect to the Si ones, indicating the compressive strain of the films. A tetragonal distortion of (1.78 ± 0.19%) was calculated

CONTABILIDADE APLICADA AO SETOR PÚBLICO COMO MECANISMO INSTITUCIONAL ESTATAL DE MELHORIA DA ACCOUNTABILITY

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Antonio Firmino da Silva Neto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A informação contábil é um instrumento que proporciona a accountability, que pode ser considerada a razão de ser da Contabilidade. Este ensaio objetiva discutir a Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público como um mecanismo institucional estatal e não-institucional de melhoria de accountability. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a dedutiva com embasamento nos artigos 84 e 110 da Lei Federal no 4.320/1964, Lei de Direito Financeiro, e nas discussões sobre mecanismos de accountability apresentadas por Oakerson (1989, Paul (1992, O’Donnell (1998, 1999, Schedler (1999, Dunn (1999, Elster (1999, Keohane (2002, Mainwaring (2003, Abrucio e Loureiro (2004. As considerações deste estudo são no sentido de que a Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público pode ser caracterizada, preferencialmente, como um mecanismo institucional estatal de accountability, cujo papel é monitorar, fiscalizar, controlar, e com prerrogativas de exigir responsabilização por partes dos agentes públicos, contudo, sem “poderes” de punição ou sanção, mas que pode de uma forma indireta exercer essa prerrogativa como pré-condição para a melhoria da accountability

O Sistema Nacional de Combate ao Abuso e à Exploração Sexual Infantojuvenil e o Plano Nacional: um exemplo de política pública aplicada

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Thaísa Veras

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo principal tratar de uma política pública aplicada, qual seja, o Sistema Nacional de Combate ao Abuso e à Exploração Sexual Infantojuvenil. Para tanto, inicialmente, é apresentada uma breve definição dos termos, com o intuito de esclarecer a forma como foram interpretados e utilizados no texto. Além disso, é definido o significado de políticas públicas, para que se tenha maior clareza sobre como estas podem auxiliar no entendimento do tema. Por fim, são apresentados os impactos sociais do Sistema Nacional e feito um breve relato sobre o Plano Nacional.

La investigación en biomecánica aplicada a la natación olímpica: Evolución histórica y situación actual

OpenAIRE

Llana Belloch, Salvador; Priego Quesada, José Ignacio; Pérez Soriano, Pedro; Lucas Cuevas, Ángel

2013-01-01

A lo largo de los años, los records mundiales en natación han mejorado de forma notable respecto a otros deportes. Esto se ha debido, tanto a la mejora de la condición física de los nadadores como a la evolución de las técnicas de nado. Gran “culpa” de esto se debe al avance científico en el que se ha visto inmerso este deporte. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar de una forma organizada y coherente la evolución histórica de la investigación en biomecánica aplicada a la natación...

Application of ion implantation RBS to the study of electrocatalysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kelly, E.J.; Vallet, C.E.; White, C.W.

1990-01-01

Ir-implanted titanium near-surface alloys were prepared by ion implantation, characterized (Ir concentration/depth profiles) by Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and subsequently anodically oxidized to form electrocatalytically active Ir x Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of the metallic-like Ir 4 Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti electrodes in acidic chloride, sulfate, and perchlorate solutions was investigated, and the results compared with those previously obtained with similarly prepared Ru x Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti electrodes. For both electrodes, M x Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti (M equals Ir or Ru), the Tafel slope for the Cl 2 evolution reaction is 40 mV, i.e.,δE/δlog i equals 2.303 (2RT/3F). The reaction order (n) with respect to chloride ion concentration δlogi/δlog[Cl - ] + 1, where K 9 equals 54.9 dm 3 mol -1 for Ir x Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti and K 9 equals 40 dm 3 mol -1 for Ru x Ti 1-x O 2 /Ti. A modified Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism, one in which the role of absorbed chloride ions is taken into account, is shown to be consistent with aforementioned diagnostic parameters

Dinámica de fluidos computacional aplicada al estudio de regeneradores térmicos

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Cesar Nieto Lodoño

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo, muestra los resultados logrados durante la simulación de un regenerador térmico de lecho poroso empacado, sometido a convección forzada transitoria y su respectiva verificación experimental. Para visualizar la aplicación de la Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (en inglés Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD en regeneradores de calor, se realiza un estudio detallado de los elementos que conforman la malla; analizando su distribución, tamaño y respectivo efecto sobre la precisión de los resultados. Se establecen las simplificaciones y alcances de los modelos empleados. Se comprueba la veracidad de los resultados obtenidos, mediante la validación experimental de estos en un modelo físico idéntico al empleado durante la simulación. Estas etapas permitieron observar que el comportamiento exponencial de la temperatura en los elementos empacados durante el periodo de calentamiento, fue idéntico al observado por Mejía [8]. Los resultados obtenidos aquí, verifican la capacidad de la CFD para el estudio de los regeneradores térmicos.

EVALUACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS (600 DEWEY) DE LA COLECCIÓN DE LA BIBLIOTECA “JOAQUIN GARCÍA MONGE”

OpenAIRE

Campos Cerdas, Jorge; Arguedas Ramírez, Sonia; Bermúdez León, Yamileth; Marín Marín, Rafael Angel; Rojas Padilla, María Carlina

2005-01-01

Con esta investigación se pretende determinar la calidad, actualidad, grado de satisfacción de los usuarios, uso y pertinencia de la colección del área de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Biblioteca “Joaquín García Monge” en relación con las necesidades de los usuarios.Se seleccionó como estudio de caso la colección del área de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Biblioteca “Joaquín García Monge” que cubre ciencias ambientales, agrarias y forestales; física y química industrial; medicina veterinaria, psiquiatrí...

Study of multiple scattering effects in heavy ion RBS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Z.; O`Connor, D.J. [Newcastle Univ., NSW (Australia). Dept. of Physics

1996-12-31

Multiple scattering effect is normally neglected in conventional Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) analysis. The backscattered particle yield normally agrees well with the theory based on the single scattering model. However, when heavy incident ions are used such as in heavy ion Rutherford backscattering (HIRBS), or the incident ion energy is reduced, multiple scattering effect starts to play a role in the analysis. In this paper, the experimental data of 6MeV C ions backscattered from a Au target are presented. In measured time of flight spectrum a small step in front of the Au high energy edge is observed. The high energy edge of the step is about 3.4 ns ahead of the Au signal which corresponds to an energy {approx} 300 keV higher than the 135 degree single scattering energy. This value coincides with the double scattering energy of C ion undergoes two consecutive 67.5 degree scattering. Efforts made to investigate the origin of the high energy step observed lead to an Monte Carlo simulation aimed to reproduce the experimental spectrum on computer. As a large angle scattering event is a rare event, two consecutive large angle scattering is extremely hard to reproduce in a random simulation process. Thus, the simulation has not found a particle scattering into 130-140 deg with an energy higher than the single scattering energy. Obviously faster algorithms and a better physical model are necessary for a successful simulation. 16 refs., 3 figs.

Study of multiple scattering effects in heavy ion RBS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fang, Z; O` Connor, D J [Newcastle Univ., NSW (Australia). Dept. of Physics

1997-12-31

Multiple scattering effect is normally neglected in conventional Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) analysis. The backscattered particle yield normally agrees well with the theory based on the single scattering model. However, when heavy incident ions are used such as in heavy ion Rutherford backscattering (HIRBS), or the incident ion energy is reduced, multiple scattering effect starts to play a role in the analysis. In this paper, the experimental data of 6MeV C ions backscattered from a Au target are presented. In measured time of flight spectrum a small step in front of the Au high energy edge is observed. The high energy edge of the step is about 3.4 ns ahead of the Au signal which corresponds to an energy {approx} 300 keV higher than the 135 degree single scattering energy. This value coincides with the double scattering energy of C ion undergoes two consecutive 67.5 degree scattering. Efforts made to investigate the origin of the high energy step observed lead to an Monte Carlo simulation aimed to reproduce the experimental spectrum on computer. As a large angle scattering event is a rare event, two consecutive large angle scattering is extremely hard to reproduce in a random simulation process. Thus, the simulation has not found a particle scattering into 130-140 deg with an energy higher than the single scattering energy. Obviously faster algorithms and a better physical model are necessary for a successful simulation. 16 refs., 3 figs.

RBS cross-section of MeV ions channeling in crystals from quantum theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Den Besten, J.L.; Jamieson, D.N.; Spizzirri, P.G.; Allen, L.J.

1999-01-01

We present an alternative approach to describing Rutherford Backscattered (RBS) angular yield scans. The Bloch wave method to formulate the cross-section is a fundamental approach originating from Schrodinger's equation. This quantum formulation is often used when describing various aspects of electron diffraction including Backscattering, EDX and TEM but has seen little application to the very short wavelength regime of MeV ions. It offers several significant advantages. Great freedom is given to crystal properties and structure in the theory allowing a fundamental insight into the channeling phenomena and hence the crystal itself. We have calculated both planar and axial channeling scans and these maps are shown to be in good agreement to their experimental counterparts. There is excellent correlation between the theoretical and experimental results for both χ min and Ψ 1/2 . Further investigation is required into the area of absorption or dechanneling. This phenomenon requires different mechanisms for electron and ion scattering differ greatly

Medidas de calidad aplicadas a los levantamientos topográficos en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Sabogal Lemus, Carlos Augusto

2016-01-01

Este trabajo documenta la investigación “Medidas de calidad aplicadas a los levantamientos topográficos en Colombia”; la propuesta metodológica de este documento, tiene como objetivo principal la realización de la evaluación de calidad de un conjunto de datos levantados en campo, para lo cual es necesario revisar los antecedentes de la topografía en Colombia, así como los diferentes sistemas de referencia que gobiernan la cartografía del país -- Previo a realizar una evaluación de calidad, se...

Expertos culturales e intervención social: tensiones y transformaciones en antropología aplicada

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Enrique Jaramillo Buenaventura

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A partir de una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre la antropología aplicada y la antropología del desarrrollo este artículo explora algunos de los problemas teriricos y metodológicos sobre los retos y las implicaciones de pensar a la antropología como un "saber experto" parala intervención social.

Study of ancient Islamic gilded pieces combining PIXE-RBS on external microprobe with sem images

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ynsa, M.D.; Gutierrez, P.C.; Enguita, O.; Chamon, J.; Pardo, A.I.; Arroyo, M.; Barrio, J.; Gomez-Morilla, I.; Ferretti, M.; Climent-Font, A.

2008-01-01

Numerous metallic objects with very aesthetic and technological qualities have been recovered by archaeological excavations. Adequate processes of restoration and conservation treatments require the accurate determination of the elemental composition and distribution within the objects, as well as the identification of the nature and distribution of the corrosion products. Ideally the identification method should cause no alteration in the sample. In this work, different archaeological pieces with a gilded look have been characterized using simultaneously PIXE and RBS at the CMAM external microprobe in order to study the gilding metalworking done in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. The gold layer thickness and its elemental concentrations of Ag, Au and Hg were determined by both techniques and compared with the scanning electron microscopy images obtained for some fragments of pieces. (orig.)

Innovación docente y uso de las TICS aplicadas al trabajo colaborativo y al fomento de la creatividad

OpenAIRE

García Gómez, Blanca; Gómez Aguirre, Alfonso; Vargas Soria, Piedad

2015-01-01

Innovación Educativa RESUMEN: Los cambios que hoy caracterizan a la sociedad exigen de las instituciones de educación superior la flexibilización necesaria para adaptar la formación a dichas modificaciones. En este sentido, la preeminencia de las TIC, así como el fomento de sistemas de trabajo colaborativos que contribuyan al desarrollo de capacidades de equipo, son los elementos clave que impulsan este PID. A través de la experimentación se diseñó una metodología docente que se aplicó ...

Rutherford Backscattering and Channeling Studies of Al and Mg Diffusion in Iron Oxide Thin Films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thevuthasan, Theva; McCready, David E.; Jiang, Weilin; Mcdaniel, Emily P.; Yi, Sang I.; Chambers, Scott A.; J.L. Duggan and I.L. Morgan

1999-01-01

Thin films of alpha-Fe2O3(0001) (hermatite) and gamma-Fe2O3 (001) (maghemite) were epitaxially grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates, respectively, using the new molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). We have investigated the crystalline quality of these films using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and channeling experiments. Minimum yields obtained from aligned and random spectra are 2.7+-0.3% for the alpha-Fe2o3(0001) film and 14.5+-0.6% for the gamma-Fe2O3 (001) film. Al and Mg outdiffusion into the hematite and maghemite films were observed at higher temperatures. Indiffusion of Fe atoms from the film into the substrate was observed for the gamma-Fe2o3(001)/MgO(001) system. In contrast, no Fe indiffusion was observed for the sapphire substrate

The Formation of High-Coercivity, Oriented, Nanophase Cobalt Precipitates in Al2O3 single cyrstals by ion implantation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honda, S.; Modine, F.A.; Haynes, T.E.; Meldrum, A.; Budai, J.D.; SOng, K.J.; Thompson, J.R.; Boatner, L.A.

1999-01-01

Ion-implantation and thermal-processing methods have been used to form nanophase magnetic precipitates of metallic cobalt that are embedded in the near-surface region of single crystals of Al 2 O 3 . The Co precipitates are isolated, single-crystal particles that are crystallographically oriented with respect to the host Al 2 O 3 lattice. Embedded nanophase Co precipitates were formed by the implantation of Co+ at an energy of 140 keV and a dose of 8 x l0 16 ions/cm 2 followed by annealing in a reducing atmosphere. The implanted/annealed Co depth profile, particle size distributions and shapes, and the orientational relationship between the nanophase precipitates and the host crystal lattice were determined using RBS/channeling, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction

Métodos y usos agrícolas de la ingeniería genética aplicada al cultivo de arroz

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Cristina DiazGranados D.

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Methods and agricultural uses of genetic engineering applied to rice crop Resumen: En biotecnología de arroz se han logrado avances en transformación genética, con importantes resultados en el mejoramiento genético de variedades elite de las subespecies japónica e índica. Con el propósito de revisar los métodos y los usos agrícolas de la ingeniería genética aplicada al cultivo del arroz, se usaron varias palabras claves en idioma inglés en algunas de las bases de datos de revistas científicas indexadas, disponibles en el Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (SINAB, seleccionando documentos publicados entre 2000 y 2011. La base de esta revisión inicial, se complementó con artículos publicados en fechas anteriores, que se consideraron relevantes, debido a que implicaban cambios metodológicos importantes. Desde que se logró producir la primera planta transgénica de arroz a finales de los 80´s, varios protocolos para la transferencia de genes se han empleado con éxito logrando la modificación genética de más de 60 cultivares de arroz. Para ello se han empleado sistemas de transformación tanto directos como indirectos.  Se han realizado modificaciones de rasgos importantes en el cultivo, tales como la resistencia a factores bióticos (insectos, hongos, bacterias, virus, nematodos, tolerancia a factores abióticos (salinidad, sequía, altas y bajas temperaturas, inmersión, y mejoramiento de características agronómicas (calidad nutricional, rendimiento, uso de nutrientes, tolerancia a herbicidas. Palabras claves: Arroz; cultivos transgénicos; factores bióticos; factores abióticos. Abstract: In rice biotechnology advances have been made in genetic transformation, with significant results in breeding elite varieties of japonica and indica subspecies. In order to review the methods and agricultural uses of genetic engineering applied to rice, calves were used several words in English in

Estrategias flexibilizadoras aplicadas por las empresas del sector avícola del estado Zulia

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María Bonomie

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo, analizar las estrategias flexibilizadoras aplicadas en el proceso productivo por las empresas del sector avícola, específicamente las empresas productoras de pollo del estado Zulia. Para tal fin, se describe el proceso productivo de estas empresas y además se identifican las estrategias aplicadas considerando los acontecimientos económicos influenciados por cambios políticos que en los últimos años han incidido en las empresas productoras de pollo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para determinar los criterios de clasificación de las estrategias, asumiendo la establecida por Gamboa y col. (2001. Se diseñó un instrumento semiestructurado, el cual fue administrado a los gerentes y trabajadores de las empresas analizadas. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan, que las empresas utilizan las estrategias con la finalidad de reestructurar y modernizar sus procesos productivos, mejorar continuamente sus productos e introducir nueva tecnología. Se concluye que estas empresas logran incrementar la productividad, aumentando la cantidad de productos ante la utilización óptima de los recursos humanos y tecnológicos, optimización que implica una reducción de costos de producción para poder expandirse y ofrecer precios competitivos en el mercado.

RBS and XPS analyses of the composite calcium phosphate coatings for biomedical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ide-Ektessabi, Ari; Yamaguchi, Tetsuro; Tanaka, Yoshikazu

2005-01-01

The calcium phosphate coatings on metallic implants are widely used for biomedical applications. The calcium phosphate coatings require mechanical strength, strong adhesion to the metallic implants, chemical stability and low dissolution into the human body fluid for stable functioning in the corrosive environment of the human body. In this study, a novel approach for improving the calcium phosphate coatings is utilized by adding trace metallic element into the coatings. We focused on teeth enamel, which is the hardest calcium phosphate tissue in the human body. Zn concentration increases exponentially from the interior to the surface of the enamel. As the Zn concentration increases, so the local hardness increases. Our previous studies suggest that Zn has influence on the hardness and other properties of enamel, calcium phosphate tissue. Calcium phosphate coatings doped with Zn was fabricated and characterized. The atomic composition and chemical state were investigated by using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), respectively. Scratch test was also carried out for measuring the adhesion of the coatings

Hardening en servidor web Linux Apache, PHP y configurar el firewall de aplicaciones modsecurity para mitigar ataques al servidor

OpenAIRE

Espol; Delgado Quishpe, Byron Alberto

2017-01-01

Realizar un hardening al servidor web, se procederá a revisar las directivas en los archivos de configuración del servicio Apache, PHP, y se procederá a realizar instalación y configuración de un firewall de aplicaciones llamado mod_security la cual nos permitirá mitigar ataques a nuestro servidor web. realizando un análisis de vulnerabilidades encontrado en el servidor. Guayaquil Magíster en Seguridad Informática Aplicada

Characterization of human kidney stones using micro-PIXE and RBS: A comparative study between two different populations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pineda-Vargas, C.A.; Eisa, M.E.M.; Rodgers, A.L.

2009-01-01

The micro-PIXE and RBS techniques are used to investigate the matrix as well as the trace elemental composition of calcium-rich human tissues on a microscopic scale. This paper deals with the spatial distribution of trace metals in hard human tissues such as kidney stone concretions, undertaken at the nuclear microprobe (NMP) facility. Relevant information about ion beam techniques used for material characterization will be discussed. Mapping correlation between different trace metals to extract information related to micro-regions composition will be illustrated with an application using proton energies of 1.5 and 3.0 MeV and applied to a comparative study for human kidney stone concretions nucleation region analysis from two different population groups (Sudan and South Africa)

La hipoteràpia aplicada en alumnes amb trastorn de l'espectre autista

OpenAIRE

Sánchez i García, Lorena

2015-01-01

A continuació, es pot trobar un treball de recerca i investigació, conegut amb el nom de Treball final de Grau. El tema principal d’aquest estudi és sobre la hipoteràpia aplicada a alumnes amb autisme, per aquest motiu la principal finalitat d’aquesta recerca és identificar i conèixer com beneficia la teràpia amb cavalls a l’alumnat amb Trastorn de l’Espectre Autista. Per portar a terme aquest procés d’investigació ha sigut necessari el disseny d’un projecte d’investigació que, entre d’alt...

O modelo de Karl Popper sob a ótica das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas

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Milton de Abreu Campanario

2012-04-01

Full Text Available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2012v14n32p124 Karl Popper é o principal filósofo da ciência na modernidade, disputando com Thomas Kuhn a primazia de interpretação do método científico. Claramente há diferentes visões para uma leitura desse importante autor que cunhou o método chamado de dedutivo com teste. O texto reconhece a relevância da visão de Karl Popperno desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos das ciências exatas e biológicas, onde é amplamente aceita. No entanto, nota-se que essa formulação é pouco sistematizada na área das ciências sociais aplicadas. Este é um ensaio que busca resgatar a sua contribuição, numa tentativa de traduzir os conceitos por ele desenvolvidos de forma didática. Para tanto, será feita uma introdução aos fundamentos da ciência como forma específica de conhecimento, buscando contrastar os métodos dedutivo e indutivo e os procedimentos da ciência formal, básica e aplicada. Uma tentativa de classificar a formulação de proposições a serem testadas ou falseadas é feita com a utilização de diferentes critérios, utilizando exemplos da administração e da economia para ilustração.

High temperature oxidation resistance of magnetron-sputtered homogeneous CrAlON coatings on 430 steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garratt, E; Wickey, K J; Nandasiri, M I; Moore, A; AlFaify, S; Gao, X [Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 (United States); Smith, R J; Buchanan, T L; Priyantha, W; Kopczyk, M; Gannon, P E [Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717 (United States); Kayani, A, E-mail: asghar.kayani@wmich.ed

2009-11-01

The requirements of low cost and high-temperature corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell stacks has directed attention to the use of metal plates with oxidation resistant coatings. We have investigated the performance of steel plates with homogenous coatings of CrAlON (oxynitrides). The coatings were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering, with Ar as a sputtering gas. Oxygen in these coatings was not intentionally added. Oxygen might have come through contaminated nitrogen gas bottle, leak in the chamber or from the partial pressure of water vapors. Nitrogen was added during the growth process to get oxynitride coating. The Cr/Al composition ratio in the coatings was varied in a combinatorial approach. The coatings were subsequently annealed in air for up to 25 hours at 800 {sup o}C. The composition of the coated plates and the rate of oxidation were characterized using Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Surface characterization was carried out using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and surfaces of the coatings were found smooth on submicron scale. From our results, we conclude that Al rich coatings are more susceptible to oxidation than Cr rich coatings.

Riesgos asociados al transporte de mercancias peligrosas: el caso de los líquidos inflamables y sustancias corrosivas

OpenAIRE

Bamberger, J. L.; Gaggioli, N.; Di Gregorio, P.

2014-01-01

La logística aplicada al transporte de carga resulta un factor de relevancia a la hora de evaluar los distintos procesos y requerimientos a los que debe someterse la mercancía. Dichos procesos se agudizan en función de la complejidad y características específicas que posee el producto a transportar, debiéndose considerar la totalidad de la cadena económica del bien. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar una discusión sobre las realidades del transporte multimodal de mercancías peli...

La crisis económica y el "gran salto al vacío" de la dolarización

OpenAIRE

Salgado, Wilma

2000-01-01

Las políticas aplicadas que trataron de impedir la quiebra de los bancos, esto es, las políticas de salvataje bancario, constituyen el principal elemento explicativo de la profundización de la crisis en el Ecuador al haber alimentado la fuga de los capitales -dada la libre circulación internacional de capitales vigente- y en consecuencia, haber alimentado la devaluación monetaria, la inflación, profundizado la recesión económica y deteriorado la situación financiera de las familias ecuatoria...

Tensión aplicada y exposición gradual en un caso de fobia a las inyecciones

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José Pedro Espada Sánchez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La fobia a las inyecciones es un subtipo de fobia específica caracterizada por respuestas de miedo intenso y por conductas de evitación ante la situación de recibir una inyección. En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 28 años que padecía de forma crónica este trastorno, sufriendo desmayos de forma recurrente. El tratamiento se desarrolló durante 6 sesiones semanales de una hora. Los objetivos del tratamiento se establecieron a partir de la hipótesis explicativa de la respuesta de ansiedad ante la sangre. La terapia se centró en enseñar a la paciente a controlar la frecuencia cardiaca y a identificar los síntomas previos al desvanecimiento. Se aplicó un programa multicomponente que combinaba la técnica de la tensión aplicada y estrategias cognitivo-conductuales para el control de la activación anticipatoria y el afrontamiento de la situación fóbica. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la exposición en imaginación enriquecida, exposición en vivo, afrontamiento simbólico, autoinstrucciones y respiración profunda. Se discuten los resultados de la intervención, que confirman la eficacia del programa aplicado.

Sensibilidad a la recompensa y al castigo, personalidad, impulsividad y aprendizaje: Un estudio en un contexto de violencia de pareja

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David Pascual Nicolás

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar los patrones de sensibilidad a la recompensa y al castigo en una tarea de aprendizaje y su relación con distintas dimensiones de personalidad en una muestra de 81 mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja. Se evalúa la sensibilidad a la recompensa y al castigo, el afecto positivo y negativo, la impulsividad y la personalidad de los participantes mediante pruebas de auto-informe. En relación al aprendizaje, realizan una tarea de aprendizaje de inversión afectivo. Los análisis de varianza muestran la escasa relación entre medidas de autoinforme y lo que deberían ser sus correlatos conductuales en el paradigma de inversión afectiva, discutiéndose tanto sus implicaciones teóricas como aplicadas.

INTRODUCCIÓN AL MÉTODO CIENTÍFICO EN NIÑOS DE CINCO AÑOS

OpenAIRE

Soler-López, Elena

2013-01-01

Este trabajo pretende introducir a los niños de cinco años en el método científico como proceso que favorece la adquisición y desarrollo de capacidades, habilidades y competencias en los alumnos, estimulando un desarrollo integral de la persona a nivel físico, cognitivo, emocional y social. Para ello, el diseño de la propuesta ha abarcado desde una fundamentación teórica hasta la puesta en práctica de la misma. Este diseño, realizado a través de las fases del método aplicadas al estudio de...

Las nuevas tecnologías y redes sociales aplicadas al turismo. Caso práctico: turismo de Segovia

OpenAIRE

Gozalo Sanz, Noelia

2013-01-01

Las nuevas tecnologías se han adaptado en un breve período de tiempo a todos los ámbitos de la sociedad y más aún en lo referente al ocio y al turismo, convirtiéndose este mercado en una de las principales industrias a nivel mundial y siendo uno de los más implicados en la promoción en la red. Las nuevas tecnologías y las redes sociales que nos llegan a través de Internet, no son solo un nuevo canal de comunicación, sino un canal de comercialización muy potente, que nos ha abierto las puertas...

O SIGNIFICADO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO APLICADA À ENFERMAGEM SEGUNDO A OPINIÃO DE GRADUANDAS

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Paulina Kurcgant

Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as opiniões que as alunas têm, quando chegam para cursar a disciplina Administração aplicada à Enfermagem. Para tanto, coletou-se as opiniões de 30 alunas do 8° semestre do Curso de Graduação da EEUSP. Os resultados mostraram que as alunas consideram a administração como uma forma de organizar o trabalho e que a função administrativa da enfermeira consiste em conciliar a assistência com a burocracia do serviço.

Cashing in on Tar Sands. RBS, UK banks and Canada's 'blood oil'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evans, M.; Howarth, C.; Kellay, A.; Laboucan, B.J.; Mercredi, M.; Minio-Paluelo, M.; Schling, H.; Smith, K.; Thomas-Muller, C.; Wood, A.

2010-03-15

Tar sands extraction in Canada is devastating Indigenous communities, wildlife and vast areas of boreal forests, as well as being many times more carbon-intensive to produce than 'conventional' oil. The higher oil prices in recent years have meant that it's become a more attractive prospect for oil companies to expand their operations in the costly process of obtaining and processing the thick bitumen into a usable form. It's estimated that the industry is looking for a capital investment of 120-220 billion USD over the next 20 years to build the new pipelines, mines, refineries and upgraders that are necessary to sustain the boom. This report looks at the role that UK banks are playing in providing the necessary capital, and how RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland), which is 84% owned by the UK public, has been the bank the most heavily involved in underwriting loans to companies engaging in tar sands extraction.

Caracterização da clientela atendida no Núcleo de Psicologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Profile of the clients assisted at "Núcleo de Psicologia Aplicada" (Applied Psychology Center of the Federal University of Espírito Santo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita de Cássia Ramos Louzada

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o perfil da clientela do Núcleo de Psicologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, local de moradia, ocupação, motivo da consulta e forma de encaminhamento. Com base nos dados encontrados são feitas reflexões em torno da estruturação deste tipo de serviço, suas articulações com os serviços de saúde mental da rede pública e a formação de psicólogos no âmbito do Estado do Espírito Santo.This article presents the profile of the clients assisted at "Núcleo de Psicologia Aplicada" of Federal University of Espírito Santo, according to the following variables: sex, age, family income, education, place of residence, occupation, reasons for consultation and types of assistance provided. Based on data obtained, some reflections are presented in regard to the organization of this kind of service, its relations with public mental health services and the professional preparation of psychologists in the state of Espírito Santo.

RBS-study of GexSi1-x Compounds Formed by Variable Dose Ge Implantation into Si Wafers

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Ramírez A.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Amorphous and relaxed epitaxial GeSi films are prepared by Ge-implantation into Si(111 wafers of both 60 keV and 200 keV energetic Ge+-ions with appropriate dose, followed by post-implantation thermal annealing, comprising a single final annealing at a temperature of 900 °C. The implantation dose was varied between 10(14 and 10(17 atoms cm-2. Rutherford backscattering (RBS and channeling analysis was applied in order to explore the formation of a single crystalline Si-Ge compound layer, both prior and after the thermal treatment. The depth and the thickness of the implanted layer, as well as their molar composition and crystalline quality was determined, and it was found that a single crystalline Si-Ge alloy layer was created, with both depth and mole fraction depending on the ion energy and the ion dose.

La contribución del turismo al crecimiento económico: análisis regional en México.

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Enrique Sánchez Flores

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El turismo es una actividad económica que se considera cada vez más importante para generar crecimiento económico y combatir la pobreza. Sin embargo, la relación que existe entre el turismo y el crecimiento económico a nivel regional ha sido poco estudiada. En este artículo se presenta la metodología propuesta por Ivanov y Webster para medir la contribución del turismo al crecimiento económico y se aplicada durante el periodo 2004-2012 para las cinco Entidades Federativas con mayor atracción de turistas en México: Quintana Roo, Jalisco, Guerrero, Veracruz y Chiapas. Los resultados indican que en Quintana Roo es el estado donde el turismo contribuye más al crecimiento económico, mientras que Jalisco en el estado donde las actividades turísticas están menos relacionadas al proceso de crecimiento económico.

Elastic Scattering of 7Li+27Al at Backward Angles in the 7-11 MeV Energy Range for Application in RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carnelli, P. F. F.; Arazi, A.; Cardona, M. A.; Figueira, J. M.; Hojman, D.; Martinez Heimann, D.; Negri, A. E.; Pacheco, A. J.; Abriola, D.; Capurro, O. A.; Fimiani, L.; Grinberg, P.; Marti, G. V.; Fernandez Niello, J. O.

2010-01-01

We have measured elastic excitation functions for the 7 Li+ 27 Al system, in an energy range close to its Coulomb barrier (E lab = 8.4 MeV) in steps of 0.25 MeV. For this purpose, an array of eight surface-barrier detectors was used. To get an insight on the background composition (mainly α particles), a telescope-detector was used for atomic-number identification. Identical measurements for the 6 Li+ 27 Al system are planned for the near future.

Minería de datos aplicada en detección de intrusos

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Diego Vallejo P.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Con base a los fundamentos y técnicas de la minería de datos se pueden diseñar y elaborar modelos que permiten encontrar comportamientos clandestinos de fácil detección a simple vista como lo es la información no evidente -desconocida a priori y potencialmente útil- en referencia a hechos determinados. En particular la utilidad de la minería de datos en esta área radica en una serie de técnicas, algoritmos y métodos que imitan la característica humana del aprendizaje: ser capaz de extraer nuevos conocimientos a partir de las experiencias. La minería de datos posee características como: análisis de grandes volúmenes de información, generación de comportamientos que no son fácilmente perceptibles, depuración de datos para toma de decisiones. Estas características pueden ser de vital importancia para ser aplicadas en la seguridad de la información a través de la detección de intrusos. En la actualidad la seguridad de la información es uno de los grandes retos que tiene el mundo, y en especial, la detección de anomalías en los registros de acceso de los diferentes sistemas de información. Con esta aplicabilidad resulta un método básico y muy eficiente de poder prevenir intrusiones. Se centra el campo de en la detección de intrusos al nutrir el proceso de seguimiento de los acontecimientos que ocurren en la red informática, seguido del análisis de los mismos; con el fin de detectar los factores que ponen en peligro la confidencialidad, integridad, disponibilidad y no repudio de los datos. En el presente trabajo se pretende mostrar el aporte a la seguridad de la información de la minería de datos en el contexto de la detección de intrusos.

El paradigma del ZMOT como modelo de negocio aplicado al sector turístico en el año 2013 : estudio sobre el comportamiento del consumidor turístico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en los medios online

OpenAIRE

Costas Chillemi, Martín

2014-01-01

Costas Chillemi, M. (2014). El paradigma del ZMOT como modelo de negocio aplicado al sector Turístico en el año 2013. Estudio sobre el comportamiento del consumidor turístico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en los medios online (Tesis de posgrado). Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina. El presente estudio es de finalidad aplicada, alcance temporal transversal y grado de conocimiento Exploratorio, fundamentalmente porque se realiza un primer acercamiento al fenómeno del ...

Fluência em filtros cerâmicos de Al2O3 Creep in Al2O3 ceramic filters

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V. R. Salvini

2001-12-01

Full Text Available O comportamento de fluência em materiais cerâmicos sólidos é afetado pela sua microestrutura. Fundamentalmente, são três os parâmetros que influenciam o comportamento de fluência nestes materiais: o constituinte mineralógico, a fase vítrea e a porosidade. Além destes fatores microestruturais, a fluência em cerâmicas celulares depende também da sua macroestrutura, constituída de um arranjo tridimensional de filamentos sólidos interligados. Assim, a análise dos resultados de fluência nestes materiais compreende duas etapas: na primeira deve-se identificar o modo de deformação dos filamentos cerâmicos (macroestrutura e na segunda, identificar o(s mecanismo(s de fluência da microestrutura através dos parâmetros n (expoente da tensão aplicada e Q (energia de ativação do processo. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a fluência em filtros cerâmicos de Al2O3 de 10 ppi sob compressão de 0,034; 0,051 e 0,068 MPa às temperaturas de 1500, 1550 e 1600 ºC ao ar. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, supõe-se que o modo de deformação por flambagem dos filamentos paralelos a carga aplicada é um dos principais fatores que contribui para o aumento da taxa de deformação do filtro e, portanto, dos valores de n e Q. Além do modo de deformação dos filamentos, observou-se que o tipo de ensaio de fluência (com ou sem troca de carga também influencia a determinação dos valores de n e Q.The creep behavior of solid ceramics is strongly affected by the microstructure. Fundamentally, there are three microstructural features which influence the creep behavior: the mineral content, the flux content and the apparent porosity. Additionally, the creep of cellular ceramics also depends on their macrostructure constituted by a tridimensional array of struts. Therefore, the creep analysis of these materials should consist of two stages. Firstly, identification of the macrostructure deformation mode and secondly, determination of the stress exponent

Caos, complexidade e Lingüística Aplicada: diálogos transdisciplinares

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Antônio Carlos Soares Martins

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Neste texto, apresentamos um panorama de estudos na área da Lingüística Aplicada que discutem questões relativas ao processo de desenvolvimento de segunda língua, bem como aspectos relacionados aos ambientes interacionais de aprendizagem na perspectiva das teorias do Caos e Complexidade. Para isso, discutimos as principais noções da perspectiva da complexidade, retomando alguns aspectos da física clássica e contemporânea.In this paper, we present a panorama of studies in the area of Applied Linguistics that discuss questions regarding second language development as well as aspects related to interactional learning environments in the light of Chaos and Complexity theories. To accomplish this, we discuss the main notions of complexity through the rethinking of some aspects of classic and contemporary physics.

Atomic layer deposition of AlN for thin membranes using trimethylaluminum and H2/N2 plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goerke, Sebastian; Ziegler, Mario; Ihring, Andreas; Dellith, Jan; Undisz, Andreas; Diegel, Marco; Anders, Solveig; Huebner, Uwe; Rettenmayr, Markus; Meyer, Hans-Georg

2015-01-01

Highlights: • AlN films grown at 150 °C by ALD using trimethylaluminum and H 2 /N 2 -plasma. • Nearly stoichiometric AlN films (ratio Al:N = 0.938), polycrystalline by XRD/TEM. • Refractive index of n = 1.908 and low thermal conductivity of κ = 1.66 W/(m K). • Free-standing AlN membranes mechanically stable and buckling free (tensile strain). • Membrane patterning by focused ion beam etching possible. - Abstract: Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films with thicknesses from 20 to 100 nm were deposited on silicon, amorphous silica, silicon nitride, and vitreous carbon by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and a H 2 /N 2 plasma mixture were used as precursors. We investigated the influence of deposition temperature and plasma parameters on the growth characteristics and the film properties of AlN. Stable PE-ALD growth conditions were obtained from 150 °C to the highest tested temperature of 300 °C. The growth rate, refractive index, and thickness homogeneity on 4″ wafers were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were carried out to analyze crystallinity and composition of the films. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity and the film stress were determined. The stress was sufficiently low to fabricate mechanically stable free-standing AlN membranes with lateral dimensions of up to 2.2 × 2.2 mm 2 . The membranes were patterned with focused ion beam etching. Thus, these AlN membranes qualify as dielectric support material for a variety of potential applications

Aportes del liderazgo, la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo al clima organizacional: un análisis del caso Bancolombia de Arauca

OpenAIRE

León Fandiño, Jenitze Liliana

2013-01-01

El interés de esta investigación fue identificar los aportes de las dimensiones Liderazgo, Comunicación y Trabajo en equipo al clima organizacional en el caso Bancolombia, Arauca. Para ello se utilizó el instrumento de recolección de datos adaptado Organizational Climate Questional, modelo de Litwin y Stringer. Los resultados demostraron que las 3 dimensiones aplicadas para la determinación del clima se encuentran percibidas de forma positiva por los empleados de la organización. Se constató ...

Dinámica de Sistemas aplicada al Mercado de Hidrocarburos Líquidos en España

OpenAIRE

Bozhidarova Vladimirova, Natali

2015-01-01

En primer lugar, en este TFG se trata el mercado de petróleo a nivel mundial, comentando las reservas, la producción y el consumo de petróleo producidos en los últimos diez años, así como, los principales conflictos bélicos sucedidos en la historia, ligados estrechamente al petróleo. En segundo lugar, se aporta información relevante sobre el mercado de hidrocarburos en España, para después, aplicar la Dinámica de Sistemas a este mercado y poder ver la evolución que tendrán las variables princ...

Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares Aplicadas a la Agricultura (CINAGRI). Venezuela. Final report of the projects VEN/86/007 and VEN/5/009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gil, J.L.

1992-01-01

The summary of the technical activities carried out on the project ''Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares Aplicadas a la Agricultura'' (CINAGRI) is presented. The objectives of this project are to establish nuclear and biotechnology techniques, practices with a view to increasing agriculture and live-stock productivity, and to transfer this technology to farmers

La wiki-webquest: una actividad colaborativa en la asignatura de "Nuevas Tecnologías Aplicadas a la Educación"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Santos Fernández

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las instituciones de educación superior están sufriendo un proceso de reconversión buscando su adaptación a las características del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Uno de los cambios más importantes, a los que debe hacer frente su profesorado, consiste en una reorganización metodológica diferente de sus clases. Por ello, es necesario pensar en nuevas fórmulas en la formación del profesorado. Como resultado de esta necesidad, decidimos organizar la asignatura de Nuevas Tecnologías Aplicadas a la Educación, de la Facultad de Educación de Valladolid, empleando una metodología activa, el IBL, apoyada en una plataforma Wiki, proponiendo a nuestro alumnado una serie de actividades que debían realizar colaborativamente. En este trabajo, presentamos una de esas actividades, la elaboración de una Wiki- WebQuest. A partir de la descripción de esta actividad, pretendemos mostrar algunas luces y sombras sobre su puesta en práctica (la versatilidad y flexibilidad de la plataforma, la posibilidad de colaboración entre la universidad y la escuela, la falta de adaptación de algunos contenidos al nivel curricular del curso concreto, la falta de asesoramiento del profesorado al alumnado de primaria sobre el uso de estas nuevas herramientas, etc. Esta actividad fue desarrollada a partir de la colaboración con contextos educativos reales (dos centros de primaria, sirviendo de caso de estudio para diseñar una Wiki-WebQuest. Asimismo, también colaboraron dos asignaturas de la titulación de Magisterio (Didáctica General y Metodología del Idioma Extranjero, con el objetivo de enriquecer el proceso de aprendizaje.

Análisis de datos con Excel: Una herramienta al alcance de todos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. L. Martínez Romero

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, cualquier alumno puede disponer de un ordenador y del paquete Microsoft office, el cual incorpora un módulo de herramientas para análisis de datos. Elegimos dicho programa por varias razones, en primer lugar por su facilidad de manejo, en segundo por ser utilizado en la asignatura Informática Aplicada a la Gestión de la Empresa y por último por ser uno de los programas de más uso en la empresa hoy en día. El objetivo de dicha práctica era que el alumno resolviese un problema estadístico de actualidad utilizando como soporte informático el programa Excel, y a partir de los resultados obtenidos, comprender la información y usarla eficazmente. Al finalizar la práctica se pasó una encuesta a los alumnos para medir la consecución de los objetivos a conseguir, así como su nivel de satisfacción. Los resultados obtenidos los presentamos al final del trabajo.

A comparison of the structural changes and optical properties of LiNbO3, Al2O3 and ZnO after Er+ ion implantation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Macková, Anna; Malinský, Petr; Pupíková, Hana; Nekvindová, P.; Cajzl, J.; Švecová, B.; Oswald, Jiří; Wilhelm, R. A.; Kolitsch, A.

2014-01-01

Roč. 331, JUL (2014), s. 182-186 ISSN 0168-583X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GBP108/12/G108; GA MŠk(XE) LM2011019 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61389005 Keywords : Er ion implantation * crystals * depth profiles * RBS * RBS channelling * photoluminescence Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders Impact factor: 1.124, year: 2014

Enriquecimento de microrganismos metanotróficos a partir de lodo de reator UASB tratando esgotos domésticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Nesse estudo, microrganismos metanotróficos foram enriquecidos a partir de lodo proveniente de um reator UASB tratando esgotos domésticos em reator em batelada sequencial (RBS com meio autotrófico contendo nitrito e nitrato. As eficiências médias de remoção de nitrito e nitrato foram de 68% e 53%, respectivamente, provavelmente devido à atividade heterotrófica desnitrificante. A detecção de arquéias dos grupos ANME-I e ANME-II foram realizadas por PCR durante todo período de cultivo. A estrutura da comunidade microbiana presente no inóculo e enriquecida no RBS após 100 dias de operação foi estudada por pirosequenciamento. Os resultados das análises demonstraram que a comunidade enriquecida no reator foi diferente à inoculada. Os filos dominantes no inóculo foram Synergistestes , Firmicutes e Euryarchaeota , ao passo que na biomassa enriquecida Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi e Proteobacteria predominaram. As condições de cultivo do RBS reduziram a abundância de Methanobacterium (8% para 1% e selecionaram bactérias metanotróficas como Methylocaldum , Methylocistis e Methylosinus . As sequências de Methylocaldum sp. apresentaram abundância relativa de 2.5%. A presença e elevada predominância do filo Verrucomicrobia na biomassa enriquecida do RBS sugere que outras espécies de metanotróficas, ainda pouco conhecidas, relacionadas a este filo podem estar presentes no reator. O potencial de oxidação anaeróbia do metano foi determinado para ambas amostras e revelaram que a atividade metanotrófica da biomassa foi aproximadamente três vezes maior que a do inóculo. Em suma, estes resultados sugerem que o inóculo usado e as condições de cultivo aplicadas foram adequados para o enriquecimento de metanotróficas.

High Energy Ion Beam Studies of Ion Exchange in a Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shutthanadan, Vaithiyalingam; Baer, Donald R.; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Adams, Evan M.; Maheswaran, Saravanamuthu; Engelhard, Mark H.; Icenhower, Jonathan P.; McGrail, Bernard P.

2002-01-01

As part of understanding the processes leading to sodium release and ion exchange, the surface and near surface reaction regions on several specimens of a Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass have been examined after exposures to isotopically labeled aqueous solutions. The majority of the analyses describe here have been carried out using energetic ion beam analysis. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used to measure the overall glass composition and to determine the profiles and amounts of Na released from the surface. An important part of the ion exchange process is the uptake and incorporation of hydrogen and oxygen in the glass from the solution. To facilitate this analysis, the glasses were exposed to a solution containing 18O and deuterium and analyzed by accelerator based nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). To confirm some of the RBS depth profile data very near the surface, XPS depth profiles were collected on some samples. Although the Na concentration is decreased in the near surface region, it is not totally removed from the outer surface. In this same region, there is also a significant amount of 18O incorporated demonstrating considerable interaction between the water and the glass. Deeper into the material the amounts of deuterium and 18O are more consistent with water or H3O+ diffusion. These results suggest that there exist an outer reaction layer and an inner diffusion controlled layer in the surface region of the reacted glass

La biotecnología aplicada al medio ambiente

OpenAIRE

Pueyo, José Javier

2002-01-01

La Federación Europea de Biotecnología define biotecnología como el uso integrado de la bioquímica, la microbiología, y la ingenieria para la consecución de aplicaciones de las capacidades de microorganismos, células cultivadas animales o vegetales.

Nanometric resolution in glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry depth profiling of metal (Cr, Al) nitride multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Escobar Galindo, R.; Gago, R.; Fornies, E.; Munoz-Martin, A.; Climent Font, A.; Albella, J.M.

2006-01-01

In this work, we address the capability of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) for fast and accurate depth profiling of multilayer nitride coatings down to the nanometer range. This is shown by resolving the particular case of CrN/AlN structures with individual thickness ranging from hundreds to few nanometers. In order to discriminate and identify artefacts in the GDOES depth profile due to the sputtering process, the layered structures were verified by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interfaces in the GDOES profiles for CrN/AlN structures are sharper than the ones measured for similar metal multilayers due to the lower sputtering rate of the nitrides. However, as a consequence of the crater shape, there is a linear degradation of the depth resolution with depth (approximately 40 nm/μm), saturating at a value of approximately half the thickness of the thinner layer. This limit is imposed by the simultaneous sputtering of consecutive layers. The ultimate GDOES depth resolution at the near surface region was estimated to be of 4-6 nm

METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO ORIENTADA PARA PROJETOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA DISCIPLINA DE ESTATÍSTICA APLICADA DO CURSO DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DO CEFET/RN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JOÃO MARIA FILGUEIRA

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar uma metodologia de ensino orientada para projetos, utilizada na disciplina “Estatística Aplicada” na turma 3.77.1N do curso superior de Tecnologia em Gestão Ambiental do CEFET-RN. É proposta uma discussão em relação à metodologia aplicada a fim de se obter sugestões de melhoria, além de avaliar o grau de satisfação do aluno no que diz respeito à importância da referida disciplina para o curso. Para tanto, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos e pesquisas destinadas aos alunos que cursaram a disciplina. Em relação aos resultados alcançados, pode-se destacar uma melhora no aprendizado do aluno, na medida em que ele pôde se envolver com situações reais da sua área de atuação. Foi possível depreender da pesquisa que o modelo Pedagogia de Projetos é altamente viável e proporciona uma maior integração entre os alunos. Palavras-chave: pesquisa, questionário, metodologia, pedagogia de projetos, estatística, aprendizagem.

Adaptación al español del instrumento sobre cultura organizacional de Denison

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomás Bonavia

2013-08-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se presentan los resultados de la adaptación a grupos I+D universitarios de habla hispanade la encuesta sobre cultura organizacional de Denison. Este cuestionario, compuesto por 60 ítems que identifican 12 tipos culturales, que a su vez se agrupan en cuatro dimensiones, ha demostrado su influencia para aumentar la efectividad organizacional. La adaptación al castellano que aquí se propone ha sido aplicada a 488 personas pertenecientes a 39 grupos de I+D tecnológicos de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la adaptación realizada en cuanto a validez y fiabilidad, que replican casi en su totalidad la estructura del modelo de la versión original.

Inteligência Competitiva: metodologias aplicadas em empresas brasileirasInteligencia Competitiva: metodologías aplicadas en las empresas brasileñas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mônica Erichsen Nassif

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Apresenta um panorama acerca da Inteligência Competitiva no contexto das organizações brasileiras. Objetivo: Investiga a existência de metodologias de Inteligência Competitiva aplicadas a organizações nacionais e multinacionais de diferentes segmentos de mercado. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura nacional e internacional – envolvendo o status quo da atividade de Inteligência Competitiva no mundo – e cujo conteúdo foi confrontado com os resultados obtidos em entrevistas realizadas em 13 organizações nacionais e multinacionais com atuação no Brasil, no período de dezembro de 2010 a abril de 2011. Resultados: No artigo foram analisados os diferentes objetivos e experiências de Inteligência Competitiva em organizações envolvendo diferentes práticas para a projeção de cenários, análise de conteúdos provenientes de mídias e monitoramento do ambiente geral e setorial das organizações. A pesquisa apontou ainda as principais fontes e produtos de informação, perfil dos participantes e ferramentas utilizadas para a prática de Inteligência Competitiva no ambiente organizacional brasileiro. Conclusões: Embora as organizações adotem metodologias relativamente similares de Inteligência Competitiva, essa atividade apresenta objetivos distintos, afeitos tanto ao enfoque estratégico, quanto aos enfoques mercadológico, comercial e de vendas, prevalecendo o primeiro. O aspecto estratégico também está refletido nos modelos de subordinação hierárquica dominante das áreas de Inteligência Competitiva.

Estrategia educativa no ensino de anatomia humana aplicada à enfermagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raissa Cláudia Eufrázio de Oliveira

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia educativa no ensino de anatomia humana aplicada à enfermagem. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, do tipo pré e pós-teste. A amostra foi composta por alunos do primeiro período do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade do nordeste do Brasil, durante o ano de 2014. A estratégia educativa foi composta por aulas expositivas dialogadas, com a utilização de casos clínicos. Resultados: foram abordados os seguintes conteúdos: miologia e aplicações intramusculares; sistema nervoso e reflexos; sistema cardiovascular, punção venosa e pressão arterial; sistema geniturinário, exame ginecológico e sondagem vesical. Verificou-se evolução quantitativa no período pós-teste em todas as aulas da estratégia educativa. Conclusão: a estratégia educativa foi considerada positiva, expressa pelo número de acertos no pós-teste e por associações estatísticas significativas. Destaca-se ainda a contribuição dessa estratégia no processo de formação crítica e reflexiva dos futuros enfermeiros.

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) and regenerative braking system (RBS) in hybrid electric vehicle for smart transportation system

Science.gov (United States)

Evuri, Geetha Reddy; Rao, G. Srinivasa; Reddy, T. Ramasubba; Reddy, K. Srinivasa

2018-04-01

Pulse width modulation (PWM) based (a non-consistent) breaking system is used to keep the wheels from being bolted in the proposed antilock breaking system (ABS). Using this method a better hold of the street by wheels is possible and halting separations likewise diminish essentially particularly on precarious street surfaces like frosty or wet streets. The active vitality of the wheel is by and large lost amid braking as warmth because of grinding among brake cushions. This vitality can be recuperated using regenerative braking systems (RBS). In this strategy, the overabundance vitality is put away incidentally in capacitor banks before it gets changed over to warm vitality and is squandered. This framework delays the battery life by reviving the battery utilizing the put away vitality. Subsequently the mileage of the electric vehicle likewise increments as it can travel more separation in a solitary battery charge. These two techniques together help make electric vehicle vitality productive and more secure and less demanding to utilize subsequently anticipating and diminishing the quantity of mischance's.

La prensa escrita en México frente al cambio de régimen

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Eva Salgado Andrade

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el discurso de la prensa escrita para encontrar evidencias sobre los elementos lingüísticos y semióticos para recrear la realidad, funcionar como intermediaria entre diversos actores sociales o convertirse, ella misma, en actor político. El análisis abarca todos los materiales publicados entre el 3 y el 7 de julio del 2000 en diez periódicos de circulación nacional, en torno a los resultados electorales: 838 notas, editoriales, artículos, columnas, entrevistas y reportajes. La selección obedece a que, luego de las elecciones presidenciales en México, se consiguió captar masivamente la atención de la opinión pública, al suponer que con este resultado se hacía posible la alternancia política en México y terminaban siete décadas de hegemonía del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI. Por medio de una metodología original aplicada al análisis de un corpus exhaustivo, se demuestra la utilidad de las perspectivas interdisciplinarias para la investigación en ciencias sociales.

La investigación cualitativa aplicada al estudio del nacionalismo: el discurso neoespañolista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HELENA BÉJAR

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo es parte de una investigación cualitativa de diecisiete grupos sobre «Nacionalismo y sentido de pertenencia: nacionalismo español, catalán y vasco». Se analiza aquí lo que llamo discurso neoespañolista, caracterizado por establecer una crítica del nacionalismo tanto en su versión españolista como en la de las naciones sin Estado y la apertura a un discurso cívico-republicano. Dicho discurso reivindica la noción de ciudadanía frente a la de pertenencia, propia del lenguaje político nacionalista. El artículo se aproxima, en primer lugar, a la concepción que los participantes en cinco grupos de discusión ofrecen sobre la comprensión de España como Estado, no como nación, enmarcando dicha concepción a lo largo de las últimas décadas. En segundo lugar se estudian los sentidos que se dan a la identidad española. En tercer y último lugar se analizan las formas de contestación política que se juzgan necesarios frente al progreso del llamado nacionalismo periférico.

COMPOSIÇÃO IDEAL DA SOLUÇÃO FILMOGÊNICA ADICIONADA DE PREBIÓTICO, APLICADA EM UVAS ‘THOMPSON’

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IURI MIRA

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A aplicação de coberturas comestíveis em frutas e hortaliças deve ser precedida de testes que busquem a formulação que melhor se adapta àquele produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição ideal da cobertura comestível à base de cera de carnaúba adicionada de prebiótico a ser aplicada em uvas variedade Thompson, armazenadas sob refrigeração. Após a seleção, os frutos foram higienizados e procedeu-se à aplicação de soluções aquosas de cera de carnaúba adicionadas de Fruto-oligossacarídeo (FOS. Foram testadas treze formulações, utilizando as combinações de 50; 33; 25 e 0% (v/v de cera de carnaúba e 30; 20; 10 e 0% do FOS (p/v. Durante 25 dias, foram avaliados parâmetros de textura, físicoquímicos e físicos. Os parâmetros de textura avaliados sofreram alterações durante o período do estudo, mas sem evidências de terem sofrido interferência das coberturas aplicadas. As formulações que se mostraram mais promissoras para futuras aplicações comerciais foram dos tratamentos B (50% de cera, 20% de FOS, K (25% de cera, 10% de FOS e L (25% de cera, 0% de FOS.

Characterisation of an enamelled metallic object found in Guerrero Negro (Baja California) by PIXE and RBS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calvo del Castillo, H.; Ruvalcaba, J.L.; Calderon, T.; Salinas Nolasco, M.F.; Mejia, L.M.; Perdigon, K.

2008-01-01

The coast of Guerrero Negro (Baja California) has been known for a long time by archaeologists for its shipwrecks. Archaeologists are recovering objects that come from sunken Spanish galleons in the colonial period, and reach the American coast in the frontier of the USA with Mexico. An enamelled metallic object was found next to the beach in Guerrero Negro. We have analysed the piece with proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) in an attempt to establish whether the object could come from one of the colonial shipwrecks and to valuate its cleaning process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) have been also performed in three samples taken from the object in order to observe the heterogeneity of the material. The materials found revealed the presence of typical lead-glass enamels from with pigments such as cuprite (red), or lead-tin yellow used in colonial times. The metallic part consisted of brass. As for the cleaning process, the average efficiency considered as the weight% of chlorine removed, was of 83.4% for brass and 100% for enamels

Characterisation of an enamelled metallic object found in Guerrero Negro (Baja California) by PIXE and RBS techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calvo del Castillo, H. [Departamento de Geologia y Geoquimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain); Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico); Centre Europeen d' Archeometrie - I.P.N.A.S., Universite de Liege, Allee du 6 Aout, 10 Bat-15, Sart Tilman, 4000-Liege 1 (Belgium)], E-mail: hcalvo@ulg.ac.be; Ruvalcaba, J.L. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico); Calderon, T. [Departamento de Geologia y Geoquimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain); Salinas Nolasco, M.F. [Coordinacion de Conservacion del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (Mexico); Mejia, L.M. [Direccion de Arqueologia Subacuatica, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (Mexico); Perdigon, K. [Coordinacion de Conservacion del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (Mexico)

2008-05-15

The coast of Guerrero Negro (Baja California) has been known for a long time by archaeologists for its shipwrecks. Archaeologists are recovering objects that come from sunken Spanish galleons in the colonial period, and reach the American coast in the frontier of the USA with Mexico. An enamelled metallic object was found next to the beach in Guerrero Negro. We have analysed the piece with proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) in an attempt to establish whether the object could come from one of the colonial shipwrecks and to valuate its cleaning process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) have been also performed in three samples taken from the object in order to observe the heterogeneity of the material. The materials found revealed the presence of typical lead-glass enamels from with pigments such as cuprite (red), or lead-tin yellow used in colonial times. The metallic part consisted of brass. As for the cleaning process, the average efficiency considered as the weight% of chlorine removed, was of 83.4% for brass and 100% for ename0008.

Experiencias y recursos con las tics para la atención al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eladio Sebastian Heredero

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo levantar algunas experiencias llevadas a cabo en centros educativos en los que se ponen de manifiesto buenas prácticas con el uso de las tecnologías para la atención al alumnado con necesidades educativas. Se ha realizado a través de una metodología mixta que alterna el trabajo de investigación de campo con el análisis documental, para finalmente llegar a presentar algunos ejemplos clarificadores y eficaces de prácticas educativas concretas. Los ejemplos aquí aportados, tienen como innovación, que nos presentan prácticas de aula, testadas y aplicadas, y a partir de ellas poder establecer algunas conclusiones e ideas para su mejora.

Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Johanny Castro Chinchilla; Gerardina Umaña Rojas

2017-01-01

La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Pun...

Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Castro Chinchilla, Johanny; Umaña Rojas, Gerardina

2017-01-01

ResumenLa piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiqu...

Rating adab: al-Tawḥīdīon the merits of poetry and prose. The 25^th night of the Kitāb al-imtā' wa-l-mu'ānasa, translation and commentary

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hachmeier, Klaus

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (d. 414/1023 actively contributed to the rich and diverse debate that took place in all fields of adab in the middle Abbasid period. In the 25th night of this Kitāb al-imtā‘ wal-l-mu’ ānasa, al-Tawḥīdī talks about the respective virtues of poetry and prose. This highly entertaining debate, where jest and earnest (jidd wa-hazl are skillfully interwoven, also stands under the influence of Aristotelian ideas that were applied to literary theory. The article offers a commented translation with references to other contemporary sources.

Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (m. 414/1023 contribuyó activamente al rico y variado debate que se produjo en todos los ámbitos del adab hacia mediados del periodo 'abbāsí. En la noche 25 de su Kitāb al-imtā‘ wal-l-mu’ ānasa, al-Tawḥīdī habla acerca de los méritos respectivos de la poesía y de la prosa. Este entretenido debate, en el que lo humorístico y lo serio (ŷidd wa-hazl están estrechamente entrelazados, también muestra la influencia de las ideas aristotélicas que fueron aplicadas a la teoría literaria. Este artículo ofrece una traducción comentadas con referencias a otras fuentes contemporáneas.

Modelagem matemática aplicada a síntese do biodiesel a partir de gordura animal e óleo vegetal

OpenAIRE

Letícia Thaís Chendynski

2015-01-01

O baixo custo e a alta disponibilidade da gordura animal está gerando interesse industrial na sua utilização em conjunto com o óleo de soja para a produção de biodiesel, diminuindo custos e maximizando o lucro. Atualmente, o delineamento de experimentos é uma tecnologia aplicada para se conseguir um produto de excelência, otimizando sistemas e processos, reduzindo custos e solucionando eventuais problemas de fabricação Esse trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação do delineamento experimental ...

Primera red sudamericana de biomedicina. investigación, educación y biotecnología aplicadas a la salud

OpenAIRE

Perone, Marcelo Javier; Velázquez, Graciela; Rojas de Arias, Antonieta; Chamorro, Gustavo; Coluchi, Norma; Pirmez, Claude; Savino, Wilson; Barbeito, Luis; Arzt, Eduardo Simon

2017-01-01

Se da a conocer la creación del primer programa de integración regional de una red de Institutos de Investigación en Biomedicina pertenecientes a países miembros del MERCOSUR. Se analizan las bases que dieron sustento a su creación y sus objetivos en el mediano y largo plazo. Además, se estima el potencial de los resultados de este programa en los campos de la investigación médica aplicada, educación y biotecnología. Fil: Perone, Marcelo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cien...

El Instituto Navarro de Administración Pública y el desarrollo de la Psicología Aplicada en Navarra

OpenAIRE

JESÚS RAMÓN LOITEGUI ALDAZ

2007-01-01

El presente trabajo muestra el desarrollo orgánico del Instituto de Psicología Aplicada de Navarra, creado en 1961, hasta convertirse en la actualidad en el Instituto Navarro de Administración Pública y su vinculación con la aplicación de la Psicología en Navarra. Finalizando la década de los años 60 las funciones propias del Instituto eran la orientación profesional, la selección profesional, la asistencia psiquiátrica y la investigación y promoción de la Psicología. Estas funciones se lleva...

Tendencias en investigación sobre seguridad y salud laboral: Propuesta metodológica aplicada al sector de la construcción Trends in research about occupational safety and health: Methodology applied to the construction industry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Isabel Carvajal Peláez

2009-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las tendencias en investigación sobre seguridad y salud ocupacional aplicadas al sector de la construcción. Se investigaron fuentes publicadas en inglés (1930 -2007 y se encontraron más de 250 artículos. Para clasificar la información, se propone el "ciclo riesgo accidente" formado por cinco pasos que reflejan la realidad de la seguridad laboral en la construcción. Para cada paso, se seleccionaron las publicaciones más representativas y se elaboraron árboles de evolución lógica teniendo en cuenta el contenido, grado de importancia, orden cronológico, aplicación sobre cada tema, etc. Con estos árboles, se pasa de lo general a lo particular en forma cronológica, para demostrar las tendencias actuales en investigación en seguridad y salud en la construcción y podemos concluir que la investigación en este aspecto sigue siendo escasa, tratándose de un campo lleno de oportunidades y con un futuro prometedor.This article analyzes trends in research in occupational safety and health applied to the construction industry. The sources of information published in English (1930-2007 and found more than 250 articles. In order to classify these documents, is proposed the "risk-accident cycle" composes by five steps that reflect the reality of occupational safety and health in the construction industry. For each one of them, the papers more representative were selected and later elaborated a tree of chronological evolution considering aspects such as the content, degree of importance, chronological order, application on each subject, etc. With the elaboration of these trees, show the passage of the general to the particular in chronological form, for demonstrating the actual trends in research in safety and health in the construction. As a final remark, nowadays, research in safety and health in the construction is still very limited, being a field with many opportunities and a promising future.

Ciencia básica y ciencia aplicada Basic science and applied science

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruy Pérez-Tamayo

2001-08-01

Full Text Available En el contexto de una intervención en el Foro de Consulta Democrática de la Coordinación de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud sobre Enseñanza e Investigación en Salud, realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, se hace una revisión crítica de la clasificación convencional de la ciencia en básica y aplicada; además, se analiza lo que deberían ser la enseñanza y la investigación en salud. Para apoyar su propia clasificación de la ciencia en "bien hecha", la cual "genera conocimientos verificables sobre la realidad" y la "mal hecha", improductiva o productora de "puras mentiras" y "no debe patrocinarse", el autor revisa las definiciones utilitaristas y peyorativas como las que establecen ciencia comprometida y ciencia pura, ciencia útil y ciencia inútil, y ciencia práctica y ciencia esotérica, como sinónimos de ciencia aplicada y ciencia básica y afirma que, en México, esta diferenciación "para lo único que ha servido en el pasado es para justificar la reducción en el apoyo oficial a la ciencia básica, porque no estaba dirigida a resolver ´los problemas nacionales´o porque no caía en las prioridades establecidas en ese sexenio". En cuanto a educación e investigación en salud reconoce que el programa actual de formación de investigadores tiene una eficiencia muy baja y propone un estudio científico crítico, realizado por un equipo de especialistas, interdisciplinario, "para integrar la carrera del investigador científico desde la captura de la juventud inteligente hasta la jubilación o muerte del investigador" y para el cual la evaluación de la eficiencia del apoyo a sus proyectos de investigación no se restrinja a si se publicó o no un artículo "pues la calidad del trabajo científico y la contribución de un investigador al desarrollo de la ciencia no es nada más el número de sus publicaciones". El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http

Realidad aumentada aplicada al patrimonio histórico molinar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Castro García

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The development of computer tools in the last decade is indisputable evidence that is allowing perceive reality more fully through different techniuqes, such as the Augmented Reality (AR. Taking as a starting point Augmented Reality technology, this study seeks to support the implementation of milling heritage knowledge and its application to the recovery of the Windmills of Andalusia (Spain. In this way, ensures that the visitor gets a more pleasant experience when interpreting the remains and the operation of these windmills' owm pre-industrial archaeology.

Metallic and/or oxygen ion implantation into AlN ceramics as a method of preparation for its direct bonding with copper

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barlak, M.; Borkowska, K.; Olesinska, W.; Kalinski, D.; Piekoszewski, J.; Werner, Z.; Jagielski, J.; Sartowska, B.

2006-01-01

Direct bonding (DB) process is recently getting an increasing interest as a method for producing high quality joints between aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics and copper. The metallic ions were implanted using an MEVVA type TITAN implanter with unseparated beam. Oxygen ions were implanted using a semi-industrial ion implanter without mass separation equipped with a gaseous ion source. The substrate temperature did not exceed 200 o C. Ions were implanted at two acceleration voltages, i.e. 15 and 70 kV. The fluence range was between 1·E16 and 1·E18 cm -2 . After implantation, some of the samples were characterized by the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) method. In conclusion: (a) The investigations performed in the present work confirm an assumption that ion implantation is a very promising technique as a pretreatment of AlN ceramics for the formation of the joints with copper in direct bonding process. (b) It has been shown that titanium implantation gives the best results in comparison to other metals examined (Fe, Cr, Cu) but also in comparison to double Ti+O and O+Ti implantations

Cuestiones en torno al poderoso efecto de los videojuegos violentos: del neoconductismo a la cognición social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto de Miguel Pascual

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Desde los años ochenta, el paradigma cognitivista domina la teoría y el examen empírico de los efectos de los contenidos mediáticos violentos sobre las actitudes y las conductas agresivas. No obstante, los enfoques basados en la psicología conductista, y más en concreto su énfasis en los principios de condicionamiento y aprendizaje, siguen vigentes en muchas escuelas científicosociales y en la investigación aplicada. En este artículo se discuten los avances que trae consigo la observación y el análisis de los comportamientos asociados al uso de videojuegos violentos a raíz de la incorporación de sus hallazgos a la literatura efectista.

La suspensión condicional del procedimiento aplicada en la Unidad Judicial Norte Nº 2 por el Cantón Guayaquil

OpenAIRE

Fierro Bosquez, Lincol Giovanny

2013-01-01

El tema de investigación trata sobre: “LA SUSPENSIÓN CONDICIONAL DEL PROCEDIMIENTO APLICADA EN LA UNIDAD JUDICIAL NORTE N° 2 POR EL CANTÓN GUAYAQUIL”, procedimientos penales y salidas alternativas que se pueden aplicar para mejorar y agilitar las actuaciones de los operadores de justicia. Política que fue expedida por el Consejo Consultivo de la Función Judicial y resuelta en la cesión del 15 de febrero del 2011, como aplicación prioritaria de las salidas alternativas y procedimientos especia...

COMPOSIÇÃO IDEAL DA SOLUÇÃO FILMOGÊNICA ADICIONADA DE PREBIÓTICO, APLICADA EM UVAS ‘THOMPSON’

OpenAIRE

IURI MIRA; CELSO DUARTE CARVALHO FILHO; DENISE NUNES VIOLA

2015-01-01

A aplicação de coberturas comestíveis em frutas e hortaliças deve ser precedida de testes que busquem a formulação que melhor se adapta àquele produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição ideal da cobertura comestível à base de cera de carnaúba adicionada de prebiótico a ser aplicada em uvas variedade Thompson, armazenadas sob refrigeração. Após a seleção, os frutos foram higienizados e procedeu-se à aplicação de soluções aquosas de cera de carnaúba adicionadas de Fruto-olig...

Aplicación de los sistemas de separación hidráulica y magnética al reciclado de los residuos de construcción y demolición

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez-Avello Sanz, Ángel; Gómez-Limón, Dulce; Peña Narciso, Christian; Fueyo, Luis

2013-01-01

En el presente estudio se analizan las últimas técnicas aplicadas al reciclaje de los residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD), en los que además de los sistemas clásicos de estrio manual y mecánico, trituración y clasificación granulométrica se introducen los equipos de separación hidráulica (clasificadores de banda y tornillos sin fin) y los de pulsación por corriente turbulenta de acción diferencial (Jig). De igual forma los áridos reciclados ganan en calidad cuando se someten a pro...

Análisis acústico del llanto del niño recién nacido orientado al diagnóstico de patología en su neurodesarrollo debido a hipoxia

OpenAIRE

Escobedo Beceiro, Daniel Isac

2010-01-01

Investigaciones acerca del llanto infantil han permitido correlacionar características acústicas de éste con diversas patologías, demostrándose que el llanto infantil puede reflejar la integridad neurofisiológica del niño, el que como fenómeno biopsicosocial da una medida de la interacción del niño con el ambiente y de su desarrollo cognitivo y social. En esta tesis se presenta una Metodología de Análisis de Llanto Orientado al Diagnóstico de Patología en el Neurodesarrollo Infantil, aplicada...

RBS studies of the lattice damage caused by 1 MeV Si+ implantation into Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs superlattices at elevated temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Tianbing; Zhu Peiran; Zhou Junsi; Li Daiqing; Gong Baoan; Wan Ya; Mu Shanming; Zhao Qingtai; Wang Zhonglie

1994-01-01

The lattice damage accumulation in GaAs and Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As/GaAs superlattices by 1 MeV Si + irradiation at room temperature and 350 C has been studied. For irradiations at 350 C, at lower doses the samples were almost defect-free after irradiation, while a large density of accumulated defects was induced at a higher dose. The critical dose above which the damage accumulation is more efficient is estimated to be 2 x 10 15 Si/cm 2 for GaAs, and is 5 x 10 15 Si/cm 2 for Al 0.8 Ga 0.7 As/GaAs superlattice for implantation with 1.0 MeV Si ions at 350 C. The damage accumulation rate for 1 MeV Si ion implantation in Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As/GaAs superlattice is less than that in GaAs. (orig.)

La investigación en pedagogía y didáctica aplicada a la educación física A pesquisa em pedagogia e didática aplicada à educação física Research on Teaching and Didactics Applied to Physical Education

OpenAIRE

Julia Adriana Castro-Carvajal; Leidy Johana Martínez-Escudero; Beatriz Elena Chaverra-Fernández

2012-01-01

Este texto forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que busca elaborar un estado del arte sobre investigación educativa en educación física, recreación y deporte en Antioquia entre 1998-2009. Este artículo analiza la producción de conocimiento sobre pedagogía y didáctica aplicada en los campos mencionados. Se trata de dar cuenta de aquello que atañe a las concepciones y los modelos pedagógicos y a los enfoques didácticos hallados en las investigaciones educativas revisadas. Los resultados ...

Políticas de inclusão aplicadas na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina: gestão social ou gestão estratégica?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kátia Denise Moreira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2011v4nespp251   As políticas de inclusão, aplicadas no âmbito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC estão expressas no programa de Ações Afirmativas, o qual trata do sistema de cotas, o Programa Incluir, aplicado para aqueles portadores de necessidades especiais, e o Curso Pré-Vestibular, que visa a democratizar o acesso ao ensino superior. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar se essas políticas de inclusão são uma prática de gestão social ou se pretendem apenas atender ao definido na gestão estratégica da Instituição. A metodologia está embasada na abordagem científica de natureza predominantemente qualitativa. É descritiva, com base na análise de documentos, obras e relatórios.  O resultado evidencia que as políticas de inclusão da UFSC são aplicadas sob a ótica da gestão estratégica; entretanto, verificam-se elementos característicos da inovação social, e também há, em suas origens, alinhamento com o que pretende a gestão social.

Investigación sobre el cotidiano del sujeto: oportunidades para una ciencia aplicada

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Manuel Amezcua

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Desde un modelo de investigación emergente, la Investigación Aplicada a los Cuidados, se propone reflexionar sobre una de las áreas de indagación: la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto. El cotidiano del sujeto se conceptualiza como un espacio de interacción social donde las personas ejercen autonomía para tomar decisiones y ejecutar acciones para cuidar su salud. A través de diseños principalmente cualitativos, la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto aporta evidencias útiles y pertinentes para la práctica enfermera porque hablan del contexto y desde la perspectiva de los sujetos. Estas evidencias pueden encuadrarse en cuatro grandes dimensiones: la comprensión del padecimiento humano ante la enfermedad, la cultura del cuidado, la percepción sobre las intervenciones en salud, y el cotidiano del cuidador. Finalmente se plantean algunos desafíos que nos propone la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto e implican tres dimensiones imprescindibles en el ejercicio del cuidado: la dimensión ética, política y científica.

Lattice damage assessment and optical waveguide properties in LaAlO3 single crystal irradiated with swift Si ions

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Y.; Crespillo, M. L.; Huang, Q.; Wang, T. J.; Liu, P.; Wang, X. L.

2017-02-01

As one of the representative ABO3 perovskite-structured oxides, lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) crystal has emerged as one of the most valuable functional-materials, and has attracted plenty of fundamental research and promising applications in recent years. Electronic, magnetic, optical and other properties of LaAlO3 strongly depend on its crystal structure, which could be strongly modified owing to the nuclear or electronic energy loss deposited in an ion irradiation environment and, therefore, significantly affecting the performance of LaAlO3-based devices. In this work, utilizing swift (tens of MeV) Si-ion irradiation, the damage behavior of LaAlO3 crystal induced by nuclear or electronic energy loss has been studied in detail utilizing complementary characterization techniques. Differing from other perovskite-structured crystals in which the electronic energy loss could lead to the formation of an amorphous region based on the thermal spike mechanism, in this case, intense electronic energy loss in LaAlO3 will not induce any obvious structural damage. The effects of ion irradiation on the mechanical properties, including hardness increase and elastic modulus decrease, have been confirmed. On the other hand, considering the potential applications of LaAlO3 in the field of integrated optoelectronics, the optical-waveguide properties of the irradiation region have been studied. The significant correspondence (symmetrical inversion) between the iWKB-reconstructed refractive-index profile and SRIM-simulated dpa profile further proves the effects (irradiation-damage production and refractive-index decrease) of nuclear energy loss during the swift-ion penetration process in LaAlO3 crystal. In the case of the rather-thick damage layer produced by swift-ion irradiation, obtaining a damage profile will be constrained owing to the analysis-depth limitation of the characterization techniques (RBS/channeling), and our analysis process (optical guided-mode measurement and

Estrategias mercadotécnicas aplicadas por la Federación Venezolana de Fútbol para posicionar la marca Vinotinto en el aficionado

OpenAIRE

Zavala González, Hely Danilo

2010-01-01

La siguiente investigación tuvo el propósito de conocer las estrategias mercadotécnicas aplicadas por la Federación Venezolana de Fútbol para lograr el posicionamiento de la marca Vinotinto en el público venezolano. Se utilizó la metodología de análisis documental y revisión teórica. Los resultados indican que la aceptación del aficionado por la selección nacional de mayores, es motivada tanto por el crecimiento de su calidad técnica como por unas estrategias mercadotécnicas bien dis...

Síntesis evolutiva de mecanismos aplicada al diseño de un exoesqueleto para la rehabilitación de los dedos de la mano

OpenAIRE

Bataller, Alex; Cabrera, Juan Antonio; Castillo, Juan Jesús; Nadal, Fernando

2017-01-01

El movimiento pasivo es una técnica recomendada para la rehabilitación de ciertas lesiones de los dedos de la mano. Los ejercicios se realizan con ayuda de un fisioterapeuta en sesiones de pocos minutos varias veces al día. En los últimos años se han presentado diversos exoesqueletos para mover los dedos de la mano de forma controlada, que podrían ayudar al fisioterapeuta en esta tarea. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos no se han popularizado, principalmente debido a su complejidad y elevado pr...

Retos y oportunidades de la investigación en marketing interno

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Jessica Mendoza Moheno

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este ensayo es realizar un análisis de la conceptualización del marketing interno y las principales investigaciones aplicadas, con el fin de resaltar las oportunidades y retos que enfrenta, para lo cual, se hace una revisión de la literatura del tema en relación a su conceptualización, se analiza la orientación al cliente interno como elemento central del marketing interno, diferenciándola con la orientación al mercado. Así mismo, se destacan los principales hallazgos sobre las investigaciones aplicadas. Finalmente, se describen retos y oportunidades del marketing interno.

Ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje utilizando realidad aumentada

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Diana Nancy Martínez García

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Realidad aumentada o Augmented reality es una nueva tecnología que al combinarla con espacios físicos permite ampliar el espectro de la información relacionada con dichos espacios; esto se hace a través de la superposición de imágenes, información o material audiovisual específico aplicado a cualquier área de conocimiento. Los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje basados en realidad aumentada prometen innovación debido a que transforman los escenarios de aprendizaje real mediante el uso de nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al ámbito educativo, complementando de esta manera la percepción e interacción con el mundo real; logrando el acceso a nuevos contenidos prescindiendo de recursos físicos. En cuanto al uso de la realidad aumentada aplicada al área de enfermería, existe un sinnúmero de herramientas para complementar una clase magistral y enriquecer el proceso de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los desarrollos realizados utilizando realidad aumentada proviene de contextos diferentes al nuestro, por lo que resulta importante fomentar el uso de este tipo de herramientas para que suscite el interés de los desarrolladores locales de tecnologías aplicadas al ámbito educativo y más específicamente el de salud. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue fundamentar teóricamente acerca de los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje utilizando aplicaciones basadas en realidad aumentada.

Elastic scattering of 7Li + 27Al at several angles in the 7-11 MeV energy range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abriola, D.; Carnelli, P.; Arazi, A.; Figueira, J.M.; Capurro, O.A.; Cardona, M.A.; Fernandez Niello, J.O.; Hojman, D.; Fimiani, L.; Grinberg, P.; Martinez Heimann, D.; Marti, G.V.; Negri, A.E.; Pacheco, A.J.

2010-01-01

Elastic cross sections for the 7 Li + 27 Al system were measured at laboratory energies between 7 and 11 MeV in steps of 0.25 MeV, and angles between 135 o and 170 o in steps of 5 o . Excitation functions for the elastic scattering were measured using an array of eight Si surface-barrier detectors whereas a solid-state telescope was used to estimate and subtract background from other reactions. Contamination from α particles arising from the 7 Li breakup process at E lab ≥ 10 MeV makes the use of these energies inadvisable for RBS applications. The present results are compared with previous data obtained at 165 o (E lab ≤ 6 MeV), 140 o and 170 o (E lab ≤ 8 MeV). The experimental data were analyzed in terms of the Optical Model. Two different energy-independent potentials were found. These optical potentials allow an interpolation with physical meaning to other energies and scattering angles. The experimental cross sections will be uploaded to the IBANDL database.

CATALIZADOR ESTRUCTURADO DE Pt/Al2O3 SOBRE UNA ESPUMA DE ACERO INOXIDABLE (AISI 314 PARA LA OXIDACIÓN DE CO

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Juan P. Bortolozzi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se obtuvo un catalizador estructurado por recubrimiento de Pt/Al2O3 sobre las paredes de una espuma de acero inoxidable AISI 314. Para estabilizar térmicamente e incrementar la rugosidad de la superficie de la espuma original se realizó un tratamiento a 900°C por 2 h. El soporte, Al2O3, y el metal activo, Pt, se incorporaron por inmersión. Las técnicas de caracterización aplicadas, XRD, LRS y SEM-EDX, permiten concluir que el tratamiento térmico previo indujo la formación de óxido de cromo y de las espinelas Mn1+xCr2-xO4-x y FeCr2O4 como fases principales en las paredes del sustrato. El espesor de la capa formada es cercano a 1 μm y los cristales producidos tienen forma octaédrica. El cubrimiento de alúmina presentó en general una apariencia homogénea, sin interacción con los óxidos formados durante el tratamiento. El Pt se distribuyó de manera uniforme, resultando un catalizador muy activo para la reacción test elegida: oxidación de monóxido de carbono.

on Ti6AL4V for biomedical applications

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Juan José Pavón

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La fijación al tejido receptor de implantes para el reemplazo de hueso puede ser mejorada si poseen una superficie bioactiva con la capacidad de precipitar hidroxiapatita in vivo. Las aleaciones de titanio, a pesar de sus buenas propiedades mecánicas y comportamiento no-tóxico, no son bioactivas y, por tanto, no se enlazan directamente al hueso. Una de las maneras de modificar una superficie metálica bioinerte es recubriéndola con material bioactivo. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación del comportamiento a fatiga mediante indentación hertziana (esférica de un recubrimiento de vidrio sobre Ti6Al4V. Este recubrimiento pertenece al sistema SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 y, a pesar de que puede usarse para protección contra la corrosión, ha sido específicamente diseñado para ser utilizado como capa interna de un recubrimiento bicapa bioactivo con una capa externa de bajo contenido en SiO2 para garantizar la bioactividad. Los ensayos hertzianos monotónicos permitieron obtener una secuencia de daños comenzando con tres eventos de daño tipo frágil (agrietamiento tipo anillo, cono y radial seguidos por la delaminación del recubrimiento asociada a la deformación plástica del substrato. El primer daño frágil, el agrietamiento tipo anillo, fue usado como criterio para la evaluación del agrietamiento por corrosión bajo tensión y por carga cíclica, en aire y agua destilada. Los resultados mostraron la sensibilidad del recubrimiento a la degradación bajo ambos tipos de carga, estática y cíclica, siendo esta degradación considerablemente mayor en agua destilada debido a la susceptibilidad del vidrio a la corrosión. La delaminación fue también sensible a la carga cíclica hertziana presentando dos mecanismos diferentes dependiendo de la máxima carga aplicada.

Desenvolvimento de uma estrutura de controle de posição aplicada ao Manipulador Robótico RD5NT

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Sergio Assis Galito Araujo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma estrutura de controle de posição do tipo RASTRO e aplicada no estudo de caso com uso do manipulador robótico modelo RD5NT do fabricante Didacta Itália. São detalhados a formulação matemática da estrutura de controle assim como os procedimentos adotados para gerar a trajetória desejada e para identificar em tempo real o modelo matemático do manipulador robótico. A seguir, a estrutura de controle apresentada é implementada numericamente e, através de simulações numéricas, é avaliada a qualidade do controlador proposto.

Cadenas de Markov aplicadas al diagnóstico y tratamiento de conductas y procesos de aprendizaje

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Óscar SAENZ BARRIO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Los paradigmas de investigación educativa se centran fundamentalmente en la determinación de la relación causal entre variables, bien sean éstas uni o multidimensionales, bien concurrentes en el tiempo o distales. En cualquier caso se acepta que las variables causales acontecen antes del evento que producen. Desde un punto de vista teórico, la «covariacion» entre las variables antecedentes y consecuentes sería la evidencia explicativa de la ciencia, y en todo caso permitiría la predictibilidad de un acontecimiento a partir de otro. Sólo si sabemos que hay una relación entre El y E2 podremos hacer previsiones acerca de E2 cuando surja la situación El (Eigenmann, 1981, 29. Desde el punto de vista educativo, la relación entre dos estados (antecedente-consecuente, involucrados en un cambio es muy importante, pero no dice nada en cuanto al proceso de intervención. Puede normar la acción («para conseguir ésto hay que hacer lo otro», pero no prescribe cuándo hay que hacerlo. Dado que la educación es un proceso ordenado en el tiempo, el momento de ejercer las diferentes providencias educativas que configuran conductas, sentimientos, ideales, conocimientos, valores, etc. es uno de los componentes esenciales de su eficacia; lo que hoy podría llamarse optimización de la intervención. Y si ello es cierto para la creación de un aprendizaje cualquiera, lo es más cuando se trata de procesos específicos para reforzar pautas deseables o evitar/eliminar comportamientos indeseables o incorrectos.

Técnicas aplicadas al reconocimiento de implicación textual.

OpenAIRE

Herrera, Jesús; Peñas, Anselmo; Verdejo, Felisa

2005-01-01

Tras establecer qué se entiende por implicación textual, se expone la situación actual y el futuro deseable de los sistemas dirigidos a reconocerla. Se realiza una identificación de las técnicas que implementan actualmente los principales sistemas de Reconocimiento de Implicación Textual.

LOGÍSTICA ESBELTA APLICADA AL TRANSPORTE EN EL SECTOR MINERO

OpenAIRE

ARANGO SERNA, MARTÍN D.; GIL GOMEZ, HERMENEGILDO; ZAPATA CORTÉS, JULIÁN A.

2009-01-01

Este trabajo ha sido elaborado con el objetivo de plantear la logística esbelta como una de las soluciones actuales como factor de competitividad y reducción de costos en las empresas del sector minero. Aquí se expresa la necesidad de que las redes de transporte tengan opciones de mejorar su gestión logística manejando sus recursos de manera adecuada, reduciendo costos y usando herramientas de nueva generación, de modo que mejore sustancialmente su estrategia competitiva, con el fin de lograr...

Pesquisando a partir da perspectiva da complexidade na área de linguística Aplicada

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Maria Eugenia Witzler D'ESPOSITO

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O mundo em constante evolução solicita mudanças na forma como investigamos as salas de aula, nossa prática docente e desenvolvemos pesquisas. O objetivo deste artigo é ponderar nessa direção e apontar uma visão de pesquisa e de metodologia distanciada do cunho positivista do paradigma tradicional e que permite que tenhamos um olhar diferenciado para as vivências sendo investigadas. Para tal, compartilhamos a experiência de Costa Neves (2011 e D'Esposito (2012 que, ao desenvolverem suas pesquisas de doutoramento na área de Linguística Aplicada, buscaram uma metodologia de pesquisa coaduna à perspectiva da complexidade que foi a base de desenvolvimento de suas pesquisas. Assim sendo, neste trabalho os pesquisadores apresentam o diálogo por eles estabelecido entre a complexidade (Morin, 1990/2008, 1999/2006a,b, 2005/2006; Moraes, 1997/2006; Mariotti, 2007, et alli e a abordagem hermenêutico-fenomenológica (van Manen, 1990; Freire, 1998, 2007, 2008a,b, 2010.

RBS/channeling analysis of hydrogen-implanted single crystals of FZ silicon and 6H silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irwin, R.B.

1984-01-01

Single crystals of FZ silicon and 6H silicon carbide were implanted with hydrogen ions (50 and 80 keV, respectively) to fluences from 2 x 10 16 H + /cm 2 to 2 x 10 18 H+/cm 2 . The implantations were carried out at three temperatures: approx.95K, 300 K, and approx.800 K. Swelling of the samples was measured by surface profilometry. RBS/channeling was used to obtain the damage profiles and to determine the amount of hydrogen retained in the lattice. The damage profiles are centered around X/sub m/ for the implants into silicon and around R/sub p/ for silicon carbide. For silicon carbide implanted at 95 K and 300 K and for silicon implanted at 95 K, the peak damage region is amorphous for fluences above 8 x 10 16 H + /cm 2 , 4 x 10 17 H + /cm 2 , and 2 x 10 17 H + /cm 2 , respectively. Silicon implanted at 300 and 800 K and silicon carbide implanted at 800 K remain crystalline up to fluences of 1 x 10 18 H + /cm 2 . The channeling damage results agree with previously reported TEM and electron diffraction data. The predictions of a simple disorder-accumulation model with a linear annealing term explains qualitatively the observed damage profiles in silicon carbide. Quantitatively, however, the model predicts faster development of the damage profiles than is observed at low fluences in both silicon and silicon carbide. For samples implanted at 300 and 800 K, the model also predicts substantially less peak disorder than is observed. The effect of the surface, the retained hydrogen, the shape of S/sub D/(X), and the need for a nonlinear annealing term may be responsible for the discrepancy

Ensino e práticas da fisioterapia aplicada à criança na formação do fisioterapeuta

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Maria José de Paula Guedes

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: É um dos desafios delegados aos docentes da Fisioterapia formar profissionais conhecedores do que é particular na abordagem à criança, no intuito de favorecer estratégias ambientais e sociais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento potencial da criança. OBJETIVO: Investigar o ensino e a aprendizagem da Fisioterapia aplicada à criança, nos cursos de Fisioterapia de Alagoas. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, construído a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizado com docentes responsáveis pelo ensino e egressos dos cursos de Fisioterapia do estado. O procedimento adotado é a análise documental do plano de ensino do curso; aplicação de questionário utilizando escala de Lirket aos alunos e entrevistas com os professores, obedecendo a núcleos direcionadores para análise temática. RESULTADOS: Foi percebido que o ensino de Fisioterapia aplicada à criança em Alagoas sofre as consequências do crescimento explosivo do número de cursos, ocorrido nesta última década; demonstra práticas tradicionais da Fisioterapia, voltada para as doenças, entre estas as neurológicas e afecções respiratórias. Os professores com formação docente indicaram iniciativas em metodologias ativas e visão mais intregral da saúde das crianças. CONCLUSÃO: Docentes e egressos sugerem alterações no projeto pedagógico, com ampliação e antecipação das vivências práticas, inserção de novos conteúdos disciplinares e ampliação da carga horária; mudanças na metodologia de ensino com ampliação da problematização no ensino e mais apoio institucional a essas mudanças; implementação de ações inter e multidisciplinares; melhorias na articulação teórico-prática.

Crystal structure and composition of BAlN thin films: Effect of boron concentration in the gas flow

KAUST Repository

Wang, Shuo

2017-07-20

We have investigated the microstructure of BxAl1-xN films grown by flow-modulated epitaxy at 1010 oC, with B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios ranging from 0.06 to 0.18. The boron content obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns ranges from x = 0.02 to 0.09. On the other hand, boron content deduced from the aluminum signal in the Rutherford backscattering spectra (RBS) ranges x = 0.06 to 0.16, closely following gas-flow ratios. Transmission electron microscopy indicates the sole presence of wurtzite crystal structure in the BAlN films, and a tendency towards columnar growth for B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios below 0.12. For higher ratios, the BAlN films exhibit a tendency towards twin formation and finer microstructure. Electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used to profile spatial variations in the composition of the films.The RBS data suggest that the incorporation of B is highly efficient for our growth method, while the XRD data indicate that the epitaxial growth may be limited by a solubility limit in the crystal phase at about 9%, for the range of B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios that we used, which is significantly higher than previously thought.

Crystal structure and composition of BAlN thin films: Effect of boron concentration in the gas flow

KAUST Repository

Wang, Shuo; Li, Xiaohang; Fischer, Alec M.; Detchprohm, Theeradetch; Dupuis, Russell D.; Ponce, Fernando A.

2017-01-01

We have investigated the microstructure of BxAl1-xN films grown by flow-modulated epitaxy at 1010 oC, with B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios ranging from 0.06 to 0.18. The boron content obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns ranges from x = 0.02 to 0.09. On the other hand, boron content deduced from the aluminum signal in the Rutherford backscattering spectra (RBS) ranges x = 0.06 to 0.16, closely following gas-flow ratios. Transmission electron microscopy indicates the sole presence of wurtzite crystal structure in the BAlN films, and a tendency towards columnar growth for B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios below 0.12. For higher ratios, the BAlN films exhibit a tendency towards twin formation and finer microstructure. Electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used to profile spatial variations in the composition of the films.The RBS data suggest that the incorporation of B is highly efficient for our growth method, while the XRD data indicate that the epitaxial growth may be limited by a solubility limit in the crystal phase at about 9%, for the range of B/(B+Al) gas-flow ratios that we used, which is significantly higher than previously thought.

Diffusion Experiments with Opalinus and Callovo-Oxfordian Clays: Laboratory, Large-Scale Experiments and Microscale Analysis by RBS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia-Gutierrez, M.; Alonso, U.; Missana, T.; Cormenzana, J.L.; Mingarro, M.; Morejon, J.; Gil, P.

2009-01-01

Consolidated clays are potential host rocks for deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. Diffusion is the main transport process for radionuclides (RN) in these clays. Radionuclide (RN) diffusion coefficients are the most important parameters for Performance Assessment (PA) calculations of clay barriers. Different diffusion methodologies were applied at a laboratory scale to analyse the diffusion behaviour of a wide range of RN. Main aims were to understand the transport properties of different RNs in two different clays and to contribute with feasible methodologies to improve in-situ diffusion experiments, using samples of larger scale. Classical laboratory essays and a novel experimental set-up for large-scale diffusion experiments were performed, together to a novel application of the nuclear ion beam technique Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), for diffusion analyses at the micrometer scale. The main experimental and theoretical characteristics of the different methodologies, and their advantages and limitations are here discussed. Experiments were performed with the Opalinus and the Callovo-Oxfordian clays. Both clays are studied as potential host rock for a repository. Effective diffusion coefficients ranged between 1.10 - 10 to 1.10 - 12 m 2 /s for neutral, low sorbing cations (as Na and Sr) and anions. Apparent diffusion coefficients for strongly sorbing elements, as Cs and Co, are in the order of 1.10-13 m 2 /s; europium present the lowest diffusion coefficient (5.10 - 15 m 2 /s). The results obtained by the different approaches gave a comprehensive database of diffusion coefficients for RN with different transport behaviour within both clays. (Author) 42 refs

Lattice damage assessment and optical waveguide properties in LaAlO3 single crystal irradiated with swift Si ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y; Wang, T J; Liu, P; Wang, X L; Crespillo, M L; Huang, Q

2017-01-01

As one of the representative ABO 3 perovskite-structured oxides, lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO 3 ) crystal has emerged as one of the most valuable functional-materials, and has attracted plenty of fundamental research and promising applications in recent years. Electronic, magnetic, optical and other properties of LaAlO 3 strongly depend on its crystal structure, which could be strongly modified owing to the nuclear or electronic energy loss deposited in an ion irradiation environment and, therefore, significantly affecting the performance of LaAlO 3 -based devices. In this work, utilizing swift (tens of MeV) Si-ion irradiation, the damage behavior of LaAlO 3 crystal induced by nuclear or electronic energy loss has been studied in detail utilizing complementary characterization techniques. Differing from other perovskite-structured crystals in which the electronic energy loss could lead to the formation of an amorphous region based on the thermal spike mechanism, in this case, intense electronic energy loss in LaAlO 3 will not induce any obvious structural damage. The effects of ion irradiation on the mechanical properties, including hardness increase and elastic modulus decrease, have been confirmed. On the other hand, considering the potential applications of LaAlO 3 in the field of integrated optoelectronics, the optical-waveguide properties of the irradiation region have been studied. The significant correspondence (symmetrical inversion) between the iWKB-reconstructed refractive-index profile and SRIM-simulated dpa profile further proves the effects (irradiation-damage production and refractive-index decrease) of nuclear energy loss during the swift-ion penetration process in LaAlO 3 crystal. In the case of the rather-thick damage layer produced by swift-ion irradiation, obtaining a damage profile will be constrained owing to the analysis-depth limitation of the characterization techniques (RBS/channeling), and our analysis process (optical guided

Análisis al desarrollo social territorial: estimular competencias y fortalecer estrategias

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Cristian Eugenio Orellana Pino

Full Text Available Al observar la dinámica regional este trabajo pretende evaluar la acción de los agentes sociales en el modo de aplicar los instrumentos y métodos con objetivos a retos estratégicos. Este trabajo pretende evaluar como implementar proyectos bajo la visión del control de gestión como proceso clave para alcanzar los objetivos de un plano de integración comercial; comprender la necesidad de evaluar herramientas políticas, sociales y económicas, ya que en su ausencia, pueden causar problemas en metodologías cuando aplicadas en espacios periféricos; entender el análisis de la integración de los territorios con miras a la creación de polos regionales estratégicos estableciendo escenarios que se promueven por la creación de un planificado proceso de gestión social. Ciertos países Latinoamericanos, han podido demostrar con casos concretos, que si bien planificados, pueden proyectarse a territorios periféricos en el uso de una estrategia que fortalezca el crecimiento y su desarrollo.

Artificial neural network analysis of RBS data with roughness: Application to Ti{sub 0.4}Al{sub 0.6}N/Mo multilayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oehl, G.; Matias, V.; Vieira, A.; Barradas, N.P. E-mail: nunoni@itn.mces.pt

2003-10-01

In multilayered Ti{sub 0.4}Al{sub 0.6}N/Mo coatings, a strengthening effect can be obtained by using alternate layers of materials with high and low elastic constants. This behaviour requires a multilayer periodicity below a certain value in order to reduce dislocation motion across layer interface. Below this critical period, in most cases the hardness decreases as the period decreases. The multiple interfaces have an important role on this behaviour, working as stress relaxation areas and preventing crack propagation, influencing the mechanical properties of the system. Understanding the origin of these effects requires knowledge of the interface structure, where the interfacial roughness is of prime importance. We used Rutherford backscattering to study roughness in a quantitative way, and developed an artificial neural network algorithm dedicated to the analysis of the data. The results compare very well with previous TEM and AFM data.

Mejora en la producción de recubrimientos de NiAl obtenidos por síntesis autopropagada a alta temperatura mediante energía solar concentrada

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Sierra, C.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The production of NiAl coatings on steel can be achieved in a quick, cheap and unpolluted way. All this advantages are possible using concentrated solar energy (CSE and selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS. SHS process allows the production of NiAl in short periods of using of the heat released in the reaction. Initial energy is provided by concentrated solar energy. The aim of this work is to improve the adherence between steel and coating. Two kinds of samples are examined: samples with Ni powder layer, and samples electroplated with nickel.

Se presenta un procedimiento para la obtención de recubrimientos de NiAl sobre acero, de forma rápida, barata y limpia desde el punto de vista medioambiental. Todas estas ventajas son posibles mediante el empleo combinado de la Energía Solar Concentrada (CSE y la Síntesis Autopropagada a Alta Temperatura (SHS aplicada a la producción de intermetálicos. Las reacciones SHS permiten la obtención de NiAl en procesos de corta duración, prácticamente instantáneos, aprovechando la elevada exotermicidad de la propia reacción. El aporte energético inicial se realiza concentrando radiación solar con una lente de Fresnel. El objetivo del trabajo presentado era mejorar la adherencia del recubrimiento de NiAl al acero base; se comparan los resultados de los ensayos entre probetas con una capa intermedia de polvo de níquel y probetas con níquel electrodepositado.

O termo estratégia: um conceito útil para a lingüística aplicada?

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John Robert Schmitz

2001-02-01

Full Text Available

O termo estratégia é usado em certos casos na literatura especializada de lingüística aplicada sem muita precisão, pois, para alguns pesquisadores, ele é uma técnica; para outros, é método, de ensino e, para outros ainda, refere-se aos hábitos de estudo ou estilo cognitivo dos aprendizes. Outro problema é a pletora de estratégias propostas sem rigor na demarcação de diferenças: estratégias de comunicação (communication strategies, estratégias de aprendizagem (learning strategies, estratégias de aquisição (acquisition strategies e estratégias de ensino (teaching strategies. Apesar desses problemas, as pesquisas na área de estratégias são promissoras, já que o treinamento explícito em sua utilização ensina os aprendizes a: (i saber usar novas estratégias, (ii avaliar a eficiência de diferentes tipos; e (iii decidir quando é procedente transferir uma determinada estratégia para uma nova situação.

La enseñanza del léxico del ELE: resultados de una encuesta sobre la metodología aplicada en el aula

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De Miguel García, Mª Lourdes

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo evalúa la metodología aplicada en el aula relacionada con la enseñanza del léxico español como lengua extranjera. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante encuestas realizadas a personal docente de varias universidades y centros privados españoles. El análisis de los resultados nos indica que solo un tercio del profesorado aplica principios metodológicos sólidos y experimentados. Finalmente, se propone que la tarea de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del léxico sea afrontada de un modo sistemático y planificado.

Nutrição aplicada à atividade motora Nutrition applied to motor activity

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Antonio Herbert Lancha Junior

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A Nutrição aplicada a atividade motora se divide em quatro áreas do movimento humano, a saber: esporte, educação física, dança, recreação/lazer. Essa definição conceitual diferencia a população alvo da intervenção nutricional. O organismo humano sempre apresentou o movimento como parte de sua atividade cotidiana e selecionou evolutivamente os organismos mais econômicos. Em contrapartida por conta de demandas, sociais, financeiras dentre outras a vida moderna impôs o sedentarismo como padrão de comportamento motor que aliado ao padrão genético de economia resultaram nas doenças modernas como obesidade, diabetes, etc. Assim a sociedade institucionalizou o movimento humano criando manifestações distintas descritas acima e suas necessidades específicas passaram a ser de interesse acadêmico/cientifico. Nutricionalmente os estudos se concentram no balanço energético, na necessidade de carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios assim como dos micronutrientes e outros compostos biologicamente ativos. Estes estudos definem estas substancias sob critérios de essencialidade ou efeito ergogênico superior a capacidade fisiológica. O primeiro determina mudanças nas necessidades nutricionais e o segundo substâncias consideradas ilícitas. No presente momento grande parte da comunidade cientifica dedicada à nutrição aplicada à atividade motora, dirige sua vocação na tentativa de descobrir as necessidades específicas provocadas pela pratica regular da atividade motora permitindo seu exercício regular para que a mesma propicie os benefícios na manutenção da saúde de forma plena nas quatro áreas descritas acima.Nutrition applied to motor activity is divided in four areas of human movement, namely: sports, physical education, dance, recreation/leisure. This conceptual definition differentiates the target population of nutritional intervention. The human body has always presented the movement as part of their daily activity and

N +-implantation induced enhanced adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V

Science.gov (United States)

Laidani, Nadhira; Dorigoni, Carla; Miotello, Antonio

1996-12-01

In this work, the potentiality of the N +-implantation to promote adhesion in WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V bilayers has been investigated. The WC 1- x films were deposited by rf sputtering in Ar discharge. N +-implantations were performed at 160 keV with ion dose ranging from 5 × 10 15 to 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2. The implantations have been carried out at two sample temperatures: 363 K and 423 K. Adhesion strength was measured by means of the scratch test in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to study the chemical, compositional and structural changes of the WC1-x/Ti-6Al-4V interface. As a general result, N +-implantation modifies the adhesion failure mechanism which from adhesive, before implantation, becomes cohesive. The implantation temperature had a strong effect on the critical loads Lc. N +-implantation at 423 K resulted in a slight increase of Lc, from 2N (unimplanted systems) to 5N for all ion doses. This weak improvement of the adhesion strength was associated with the particular interface processes which allowed C, but not W, mixing into the substrate. In this case, TiC bondings formed which contributed to the substrate embrittlement. When the implantations were carried out at 363 K, both C and W underwent mixing with Ti-6Al-4V: this favoured not only an interface composition grading but also a graded chemistry across the interface, with a strong increase of Lc for low ion dose ( Lc = 14N for 1 × 10 16 N +/cm 2). Implantation with higher doses (5 × 10 16N -/cm 2 and 2 × 10 17N +/cm 2) exhibited lower efficiency ( Lc = 7N for 2 × 10 17 N +/cm 2). This ion dose dependence of the adhesion strength was attributed to the formation of different phases across the interface, probably structurally incompatible.

Diffusion Experiments with Opalinus and Callovo-Oxfordian Clays: Laboratory, Large-Scale Experiments and Microscale Analysis by RBS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia-Gutierrez, M.; Alonso, U.; Missana, T.; Cormenzana, J.L.; Mingarro, M.; Morejon, J.; Gil, P.

2009-09-25

Consolidated clays are potential host rocks for deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. Diffusion is the main transport process for radionuclides (RN) in these clays. Radionuclide (RN) diffusion coefficients are the most important parameters for Performance Assessment (PA) calculations of clay barriers. Different diffusion methodologies were applied at a laboratory scale to analyse the diffusion behaviour of a wide range of RN. Main aims were to understand the transport properties of different RNs in two different clays and to contribute with feasible methodologies to improve in-situ diffusion experiments, using samples of larger scale. Classical laboratory essays and a novel experimental set-up for large-scale diffusion experiments were performed, together to a novel application of the nuclear ion beam technique Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), for diffusion analyses at the micrometer scale. The main experimental and theoretical characteristics of the different methodologies, and their advantages and limitations are here discussed. Experiments were performed with the Opalinus and the Callovo-Oxfordian clays. Both clays are studied as potential host rock for a repository. Effective diffusion coefficients ranged between 1.10{sup -}10 to 1.10{sup -}12 m{sup 2}/s for neutral, low sorbing cations (as Na and Sr) and anions. Apparent diffusion coefficients for strongly sorbing elements, as Cs and Co, are in the order of 1.10-13 m{sup 2}/s; europium present the lowest diffusion coefficient (5.10{sup -}15 m{sup 2}/s). The results obtained by the different approaches gave a comprehensive database of diffusion coefficients for RN with different transport behaviour within both clays. (Author) 42 refs.

Biotecnología aplicada a la mejora de "pelargonium"

OpenAIRE

Alonso Gómez, Mercedes

2002-01-01

El trabajo se ha centrado en el género Pelargonium y en especial en el gerario zonal (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey) debido al interés de esta planta como ornamental y a la disminución de la diversidad genética de esta especie debido al ataque masivo que está sufriendo por el taladro del geranio (Cacyreus marshalii Butler) en toda la Península y Baleares. La pérdida de los explantes iniciales debido a la oxidación fenólica se ha reducido lavando el material vegetal con una solución antioxidan...

NORMAS BRASILEIRAS E INTERNACIONAIS DE CONTABILIDADE APLICADAS AO SETOR PÚBLICO E O DESAFIO DA CONVERGÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA – IPSAS E NBCTSP

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Adriana Rodrigues Fragoso

2012-11-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o estágio atual de convergência conceitual entre as normas brasileiras de contabilidade aplicadas ao setor público (NBCTSP e as International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS. A complexidade e diversidade de transações entre entidades do setor público ou privado, gerada pela internacionalização de mercados, demandam uma avaliação contínua e dinâmica dos eventos que promovem a modificação quantitativa ou qualitativa de um patrimônio. Para esse processo de avaliação, a observação dos princípios e normas de contabilidade é importante para garantir, entre outras características da informação, a compreensibilidade e comparabilidade, reduzindo custos aos investidores e usuários, em geral, considerando as barreiras encontradas na diversidade de idiomas, culturas, políticas fiscais e econômicas. Para a análise de convergência, foi efetuado um estudo comparativo do conteúdo das normas, a partir de uma análise descritiva, com o intuito de verificar a aderência existente entre as normas brasileiras e internacionais aplicadas ao setor público. Os resultados encontrados destacam que ainda há diversos aspectos a serem discutidos para uma efetiva convergência às normas internacionais; esta convergência atual é parcial. No entanto, verifica-se que as NBCTSPs apresentam uma exposição conceitual de qualidade enquanto as IPSAS apresentam um conteúdo mais focado em procedimentos operacionais.

Postguerra y contracultura. Identidades en la ética aplicada

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López de la Vieja de la Torre, M. Teresa

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The article analyses the role of cultural identities in Applied Ethics. Biotechnologies have been actually valued from different perspectives in Europe and in the United States. Since Nazi research and the politics of racial hygiene have shown the role of science under dictatorship. Nazi Doctors acted as soldiers. Therefore The Nürnberg Code claimed respect for human rights in Medicine, to protect individuals in clinical research. However American Doctors considered the Code suitable for a different context. Norms for a “barbaric” research, far away from the American standards. But in the United States radiations experiments have ignored laws and moral standards. Decades later, the Constitutional Treaty for the European Union emphasizes the value of dignity and personal integrity in the fields of Medicine and Biology. The informed consent and the prohibition of Eugenics connect then the future and the past.El artículo analiza el papel de las identidades culturales en la Ética aplicada. Las biotecnologías han sido valoradas efectivamente desde distintas perspectivas, en Europa y en Estados Unidos. Pues la investigación y la política de higiene racial durante el Nacionalsocialismo mostraron el papel desempeñado por la ciencia en la dictadura. Los médicos nazis actuaron como soldados. Por ello, el Código de Nürnberg reclamó respecto por los derechos humanos en Medicina, a fin de proteger a los ciudadanos en la investigación. Los médicos norteamericanos consideraron que el Código era adecuado para otro contexto, sin embargo. Normas para una investigación “bárbara”, alejada de los estándares americanos. Pero en Estados Unidos los experimentos con radiación ignoraron leyes y estándares morales. Décadas mas tarde, el Tratado constitucional para la Unión Europea insiste en el valor de la dignidad y de la integridad personal en Medicina y Biología. El consentimiento informado y la prohibición de practicas eugen

La gestión del conocimiento como generador de competitividad: Aplicación en pymes de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara

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José Sánchez Gutiérrez

2016-02-01

El resultado final, al que se llegó gracias al análisis multivariable de los datos obtenidos en las encuestas aplicadas, es que en las empresas analizadas no existe un grado aceptable de gestión del conocimiento, por lo que su nivel de competitividad es bajo. actividades de creación de conocimiento

La eco-epidemiología retrospectiva como herramienta aplicada a la vigilancia de la leishmaniasis en Misiones, Argentina, 1920-2014

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Oscar Daniel Salomón

Full Text Available RESUMEN Se presenta una metodología analítica retrospectiva, basada en el marco teórico de la eco-epidemiología, anclada en una escala espacial subnacional. Esta metodología, aplicada aquí a la caracterización de escenarios de transmisión de la leishmaniasis en la provincia argentina de Misiones —fronteriza con Brasil y Paraguay— permitió fundamentar recomendaciones de vigilancia y control apropiadas a dicha escala. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura sobre leishmaniasis en esa provincia y se determinaron tres escenarios de transmisión de leishmaniasis cutánea (LC y visceral (LV, correspondientes a tres períodos: 1920-1997, en el que se constató la transmisión de LC, dispersa en el tiempo y el espacio; 1998-2005, en el que hubo brotes focales de LC; y 2006-2014 en el que, además, se registraron brotes y se documentó la dispersión geográfica de la LV. Para caracterizar los escenarios de riesgo y los procesos antrópicos que los producen, los resultados se sintetizaron e integraron en el contexto socio-histórico y bio-ecológico de cada período analizado. Se fundamentan recomendaciones de vigilancia y control en el territorio estudiado, entre ellas, establecer una vigilancia activa para monitorear posibles tendencias al incremento de la circulación parasitaria y vectorial y, ante la aparición de un foco, realizar estudios para verificar la transmisión autóctona y la intensidad del evento. Además, se debe establecer la obligación legal de tomar medidas adicionales de control por los responsables de los proyectos que impliquen modificación ambiental, como la realización de estudios de evaluación del riesgo de transmisión, y acciones de mitigación del riesgo, detección temprana y tratamiento oportuno de los casos.

ANÁLISE DAS NORMAS BRASILEIRAS DE CONTABILIDADE APLICADAS AO SETOR PÚBLICO (NBCASP: UM ESTUDO NAS UNIDADES DA FEDERAÇÃO DO BRASIL

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Francisca Francivânia Rodrigues Ribeiro Macêdo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a aderência das Unidades da Federação do Brasil às Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa configura–se como descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de pesquisa documental. Os dados da pesquisa revelam que no exercício de 2010, 2011 e 2012 o disclosure dos órgãos públicos do Estado no que concerne à aderência às Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicadas ao Setor Público (NBCASP que convergem com as International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS ainda é incipiente. Ressalta-se que pontos importantes constantes nas normas NBCT 16.3 e NBCT 16.8, que versam, respectivamente, sobre a divulgação do PPA, LDO e Controle Interno ainda não são respeitados, mesmo que tais itens tenham sua divulgação obrigatória exigida na Constituição Federal e pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Observou-se também que das 27 unidades federativas, apenas os Estados de Minas Gerais, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, Bahia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Tocantins, Goiás, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul não evidenciaram a conta intitulada intangível. Nenhum dos Estados evidenciou a Demonstração do Fluxo de Caixa e a Demonstração do Resultado Econômico ou se mencionou algo sobre o sistema de custos ou a avaliação das disponibilidades e direitos e títulos de crédito. Conclui-se que os Estados brasileiros ainda não estão preparados para iniciar a divulgação obrigatória segundo as NBCASP, dado o nível de disclosure evidenciado até o momento.

Development of a PIGE-Detection System for in-situ Inspection and Quality Assurance in the Evolution of Fast Rotating Parts in High Temperature Environment Manufactured from TiAl

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S. Neve

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Intermetallic -titanium aluminides are a promising material in high temperature technologies. Their high specific strength at temperatures above 700°C offers the possibility for their use as components of aerospace and automotive industries. With a specific weight of 50% of that of the widely used Ni-based superalloys TiAl is very suitable as material for fast rotating parts like turbine blades in aircraft engines and land based power stations or turbocharger rotors. Thus lower mechanical stresses and a reduced fuel consumption and CO2-emission are expected. To overcome the insufficient oxidation protection the halogen effect offers an innovative way. After surface doping using F-implantation or liquid phase-treatment with an F-containing solution and subsequent oxidation at high temperatures the formation of a protective alumina scale can be achieved. By using non-destructive ion beam analyses (PIGE, RBS F was found at the metal/oxide interface. For analysis of large scale components a new vacuum chamber at the IKF was installed and became operative. With this prototype of in-situ quality assurance system for the F-doping of manufactured parts from TiAl some performance test measurements were done and presented in this paper

Development of a PIGE-Detection System for in-situ Inspection and Quality Assurance in the Evolution of Fast Rotating Parts in High Temperature Environment Manufactured from TiAl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neve, S.; Zschau, H. E.; Masset, P.J.; Schütze, M.

2013-01-01

Intermetallic γ-titanium aluminides are a promising material in high temperature technologies. Their high specific strength at temperatures above 700 O C offers the possibility for their use as components of aerospace and automotive industries. With a specific weight of 50% of that of the widely used Ni-based superalloys TiAl is very suitable as material for fast rotating parts like turbine blades in aircraft engines and land based power stations or turbocharger rotors. Thus lower mechanical stresses and a reduced fuel consumption and CO 2 -emission are expected. To overcome the insufficient oxidation protection the halogen effect offers an innovative way. After surface doping using F-implantation or liquid phase-treatment with an F-containing solution and subsequent oxidation at high temperatures the formation of a protective alumina scale can be achieved. By using non-destructive ion beam analyses (PIGE, RBS) F was found at the metal/oxide interface. For analysis of large scale components a new vacuum chamber at the IKF was installed and became operative. With this prototype of in-situ quality assurance system for the F-doping of manufactured parts from TiAl some performance test measurements were done and presented in this paper. (author)

Report 1986/1987. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Applied Research; Informe 1986/1987. Departamento de Ingenieria Nuclear e Investigacion Aplicada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1990-12-31

The objective of the Department of Applied Research is to carry out research on fields of physics, materials sciences, chemistry and engineering. Some branches of research can be mentioned: high Tc superconductors, hydrogen storage in metallic hydrides, extractive metallurgy of strategic minerals and others. In the first case, both the Development Division and the Thermodynamics group in the Metallurgy Division, have actively participated. [Espanol] El Dpto. de Investigacion Aplicada tiene como objetivo realizar investigacion en campos de la fisica, ciencias de materiales, quimica e ingenieria. Se pueden citar nuevas lineas de trabajo, entre ellos: los superconductores ceramicos de alta temperatura critica, el almacenamiento de hidrogeno en hidruros metalicos, el desarrollo de una servo-cuna computarizada, la metalurgia extractiva de materiales estrategicos y otros. En el primer caso han participado activamente la Div. Desarrollo y el Grupo de Termodinamica de la Division Metalurgia.

Logística esbelta aplicada al transporte en el sector minero

OpenAIRE

ARANGO SERNA, MARTÍN D.; GIL GOMEZ, HERMENEGILDO; ZAPATA CORTÉS, JULIÁN A.

2009-01-01

Este trabajo  ha sido elaborado con el objetivo de plantear la logística esbelta como una de las soluciones actuales como factor de competitividad y reducción de costos en las empresas del sector minero. Aquí se expresa la necesidad de que las  redes de transporte tengan opciones de mejorar su gestión logística manejando sus recursos de manera adecuada, reduciendo costos y usando herramientas de nueva generación, de modo que mejore sustancialmente su estrategia competitiva, con el fin de logr...

Ambientes virtuales y colaborativos de aprendizaje. Su aplicación al curso BioPython

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Jenny Navas Muñoz

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente documento permite examinar la tecnología aplicada a la educación virtual y la educación a distancia con relación a la metodología del curso-taller BioPython donde se hace necesario el uso aspectos colaborativos (groupware technology para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. El objetivo del curso-taller BioPython1 es enseñar a programar a biólogos, a diseñar algoritmos y expresarlos como programas escritos en un lenguaje de programación para poder ejecutarlos en un computador. La estructura del presente documento es como sigue, inicialmente se da una introducción al contenido tocando temas tales como aspectos metodológicos relativos a la educación virtual y a distancia. Las características de los ambientes colaborativos que soportan estas tareas se abordarán en la segunda sección, un caso particular de estudio será descrito en la tercera sección. El escenario será el curso-taller Python para biólogos que tuvo lugar en CIAT en el mes de diciembre.

Del Gabinete Científico al Aprendizaje Interactivo: el Museo Alfredo Dugès Del Gabinete Científico al Aprendizaje Interactivo: el Museo Alfredo Dugès

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Gloria Eugenia Magaña-Cota

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio que da cuenta de las estrategias con que un museo universitario de Ciencias Naturales, a la vez que busca divulgar la ciencia, responde al reto del paradigma “ver y tocar”. En el curso de este texto se evalúa el aprendizaje de una serie de acciones a través de la atracción al contacto humano. Las estrategias aplicadas parten del contenido de los programas escolares de enseñanza, y buscan su efectividad tras acercar al visitante a la ciencia por primera vez. De esta forma, las actividades permiten multiplicar el público, enriquecer su aprendizaje, aumentar su comprensión y valoración de los avances científicos y tecnológicos; asimismo, ofrecen experiencias que incentivan las labores científicas. En estas condiciones se perfila el reto por desarrollar otras actividades que permitan formar un público leal y permanente, cuyo gusto por las Ciencias Naturales y la ciencia en general sea sólido. A case study is presented which illustrates the strategies employed by a university sponsored natural science museum in meeting the challenge posed by the “hands-on” model in its efforts to bring scientific knowledge to the general public. The extent to which a series of actions are learned, assisted by the attraction that the opportunity to touch provides, is evaluated. The strategies employed are aligned to the general school curriculum and seek to be effective in attracting newcomers to the world of science. Such strategies provide for increased museum attendance, whilst enriching the learning process and enhancing the public’s understanding and appreciation of scientific and technological advances. They also offer a range of experiences to encourage involvement in scientific activity. Furthermore, we take a brief look at the challenge of developing activities aimed at creating a loyal and permanent public with a concrete interest in science in general and the natural sciences in particular.

The study of voids in the AuAl thin-film system using the nuclear microprobe

Science.gov (United States)

de Waal, H. S.; Pretorius, R.; Prozesky, V. M.; Churms, C. L.

1997-07-01

A Nuclear Microprobe (NMP) was used to study void formation in thin film gold-aluminium systems. Microprobe Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (μRBS) was utilised to effectively obtain a three-dimensional picture of the void structure on the scale of a few nanometers in the depth dimension and a few microns in the in-plane dimension. This study illustrates the usefulness of the NMP in the study of materials and specifically thin-film structures.

Farmacogenética aplicada al tratamiento de la leucemia linfoide aguda Pharmacogenetics applied to the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia

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Yalena Prado Vizcaíno

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Las enzimas de biotransformación y eliminación de los fármacos en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda tienen una acción determinante en el efecto terapéutico de los medicamentos antineoplásicos. La presencia y actividad de estos complejos enzimáticos está codificada genéticamente y sujeta a variaciones alélicas, cuyas frecuencias son variables en las diferentes poblaciones humanas. Este polimorfismo genético influye sobre la efectividad terapéutica de los medicamentos y condiciona la carencia de toxicidad o presencia de esta, que en ocasiones puede ser fatal. Las enzimas tiopurin-metil-transferasa, metilén-tetrahidrofolato-reductasa y glutatión-tranferasa son sistemas destoxificadores de algunos de los quimioterápicos empleados en el tratamiento de la leucemia linfoide aguda. En este trabajo se revisan las características genéticas de estas enzimas, la frecuencia de sus polimorfismos y las implicaciones clínicas de su expresión. De igual modo se discute la importancia y los beneficios del genotipaje previo al inicio del tratamiento, con el fin de modificar las dosis de los medicamentos para optimizar su efecto terapéutico y disminuir su toxicidad. La farmacogenética constituye un área de creciente interés que ha tenido un desarrollo considerable en los últimos años, su conocimiento e implementación nos colocará en el camino de la medicina personalizada.The biotransformation and elimination enzymes of drugs in patients suffering from acute lymphoid leukemia play a decisive role on the therapeutical effect of anti-neoplastic drugs. The presence and activity of these enzymatic complexes are genetically coded and subjected to allele variations, the frequency of which is variable in the different human populations. This genetic polymorphism has an impact on the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs and determines the lack or the existence of toxicity that may sometimes become lethal. The enzymes called thiopurine

Produção e qualidade de rosas em razão de doses de boro aplicadas no substrato

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Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado os efeitos da aplicação do boro (B em variadas culturas; entretanto, poucos registros demonstram seus efeitos na produção de rosas. Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos de doses de B na produção e qualidade de rosas (Rosa hybrida cv. Shiny Terrazza® em vaso. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de B (0, 1, 4, 8 e 16 mg kg-1, aplicadas no substrato, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados: número de flores por planta; número de folhas por haste floral; produção de matéria seca de raízes, folhas e flores; altura da planta; número de dias para o florescimento; comprimento do botão floral; e diâmetro e longevidade floral. Além disso, foram determinados os teores foliares de clorofila total e B e os sintomas de toxidez desse elemento. Verificou-se efeito significativo das doses de B na maioria das variáveis avaliadas, excetuando-se a altura das plantas, o número de flores por planta, a longevidade floral e a produção de matéria seca de raízes. O teor foliar de B aumentou linearmente em função das doses desse elemento. Houve incremento na produção e qualidade das flores com a aplicação do B, com redução do número de dias para o florescimento. Foram verificados sintomas de toxidez causado pelo B a partir da dose de 4 mg kg-1. Esses sintomas foram caracterizados por manchas do tipo encharcamento, iniciando nas margens do limbo foliar, com essas evoluindo para clorose e posterior necrose; na maior dose ocorreu queda de folhas. Essa queda foi responsável pela diminuição do número de folhas por haste no final do ciclo, a partir da dose de 8 mg kg-1 de B. As plantas com sintomas de toxidez apresentaram teores foliares de B acima de 200 mg kg-1, enquanto as sadias (controle, de 65 a 89 mg kg-1.

Otimização dos parâmetros operacionais de eletrocoagulação aplicada à recuperação de efluentes de lavagem de veículos

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Angelita Aparecida Ribeiro da Silva

Full Text Available RESUMO No Brasil, cerca de 32.700 postos de lavagem de veículos consomem 3,7 milhões de m3/mês-1, média de 60 L por veículo. Esse consumo poderia ser minimizado, se o efluente fosse devidamente tratado e reutilizado. Como diversos tipos de efluentes têm sido eficientemente tratados por técnicas eletroquímicas, como a eletrocoagulação (EC e a eletroflotação (EF, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi desenvolver um sistema de tratamento de efluentes de lavagem de carros por EC, usando eletrodos de alumínio. Parâmetros como pH inicial, corrente elétrica aplicada e tempo de eletrólise foram otimizados por meio de análises físico-químicas e estatísticas. Em sua condição ótima, pH 5, corrente elétrica de 3,5 A e tempo de 20 minutos, o sistema conseguiu reduzir em 73% a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, 58% de surfactantes e no mínimo 90% a turbidez e os sólidos suspensos totais (SST. Além da simples implantação e operação, a técnica mostrou-se eficiente na recuperação desse tipo de efluente, podendo ser utilizada em sistemas de reúso de água de lavagem de veículos.

Biomecánica aplicada al diseño de una Herramienta de Evaluación de los saltos en Gimnasia Rítmica atendiendo al Código Internacional de Puntuación. Aplicación a la evaluación del salto zancada

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Ignacio Grande Rodríguez

2008-09-01

Full Text Available La Biomecánica ha realizado estudios sobre los saltos en Gimnasia Rítmica desde el punto de vista cinemático (Lebré y Sousa, 1997; Sousa y Lebré, 1998 y dinámico (Ferro, Rivera y Pagola, 2000. Sin embargo no tenemos constancia de ningún estudio que los valore atendiendo a los requerimientos específicos del vigente Código de Puntuación. Éstos requerimientos son tres Características de Base que deben cumplir los saltos: altura, forma y amplitud (FIG, 2005. El objetivo principal de este Proyecto es crear una herramienta para evaluar los saltos de Gimnasia Rítmica incluyendo tanto variables cinemáticas generales, variables de uso extensivo en el análisis de este tipo de movimientos desde el punto de vista de la biomecánica, como variables cinemáticas específicas, traduciendo las Características de Base que son juzgadas en competición a variables cinemáticas cuantificables. Para realizar la evaluación de los saltos nos apoyándonos en análisis cinemáticos realizados mediante videogrametría 3D. Tras varios diseños se presenta la Ficha de Evaluación del salto zancada que ha sido ya aplicada en un grupo de gimnastas de alto nivel (n=19. Las principales novedades de esta propuesta son el diseño de una herramienta de evaluación específica para este tipo de elementos técnicos teniendo en cuenta la normativa concreta de la Gimnasia Rítmica, la valoración objetiva de las características de base del salto y el intento de presentar los resultados biomecánicos de una forma entendible y rápidamente asimilable para el entrenador.

If it works there, will it work here? The effect of a multi-component responsible beverage service (RBS) programme on violence in Oslo.

Science.gov (United States)

Skardhamar, Torbjørn; Fekjær, Silje Bringsrud; Pedersen, Willy

2016-12-01

The Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems (STAD) programme has been regarded as one of the most successful programmes to date, in reducing alcohol-related violence. This multi-component Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) programme was implemented in Stockholm, Sweden, and has been documented to be extremely effective in reducing alcohol-related nightlife violence. The SALUTT programme in Oslo, Norway was carefully modelled on the STAD project. We investigate whether the results from STAD were replicated in the SALUTT intervention. Using geocoded data, the level of violence in the intervention area was compared with different control areas before and after the intervention. Autoregressive moving average models (ARIMA). The SALUTT programme had no statistically significant effect on violence. However, the level of violence in the different potential control areas of Oslo fluctuated without a clear common trend. Hence, it was difficult to establish proper control areas. The results from the Swedish STAD-intervention were not replicated in Oslo. Successful interventions are not necessarily replicated in other contexts, and the current literature does not shed sufficient light on the conditions under which such interventions actually work. Moreover, more attention should be devoted to the identification of adequate control areas in future research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica

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Johanny Castro Chinchilla

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Puntarenas, Costa Rica. En cada empacadora se muestreó: frutos luego del proceso-comercial que se realiza para exportación y almacenamiento, la cera aplicada sobre la superficie de las frutas y el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de los principales hongos recuperados por muestreo en cada zona, para la cáscara y el pedúnculo, la cera y el aire. Además, se comparó el crecimiento in vitro a 18°C de los hongos más frecuentes al finalizar los muestreos. El hongo más frecuente en las cámaras de enfriamiento, el pedúnculo y la cáscara de ambas zonas y en la cera de Sarapiquí fue Penicillium diversum, con valores entre 7% y 100%. Mientras que en la cera de Puntarenas únicamente destacó la presencia de un grupo de hongos de micelio blanco. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius y Cladosporium sp., fueron microorganismos también recuperados con alta frecuencia tanto en la fruta como en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento de ambas empacadoras. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum y T. calidicanius fueron las especies con mayor crecimiento in vitro. Se concluyó que el manejo integrado de P. diversum, P. purpureogenum y T. calidicanius es necesario si se desea evitar el desarrollo de moho en el pedúnculo de la piña.

Tecnoparque SENA : Una apuesta biotecnológica al alcance de todos

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María Isabel Gaviria

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A nivel mundial se considera que la biotecnología y la nanotecnología son ejes centrales para la  solución  de  grandes problemas de la humanidad como el cambio climático, la cura de enfermedades, la generación de energías alternativas y la emergencia alimentaria[1]. En el mercado nacional, la biotecnología se plantea como sector estratégico dentro de las locomotoras de innovación y estrategia transversal para dar valor agregado a sectores de talla mundial[2]. En este contexto, el programa de innovación SENA denominado “Red Tecnoparque” ofrece al país asesoría técnica especializada y acceso gratuito a infraestructura de punta en 4 áreas del conocimiento incluyendo la línea de biotecnología y nanotecnología. Particularmente, en Tecnoparque nodo Medellín esta línea  viene impulsando desde el año 2010 el desarrollo de proyectos productivos basados en conocimiento, trabajando de la mano de las más importantes y reconocidas instituciones acádemicas en áreas estratégicas como nanotecnología aplicada a nuevos materiales y formulación de alimentos funcionales basados en probióticos. [1](Shumpeter, 2012 [2](The Bioeconomy to 2030 - Designing a policy agenda, 2009

Radiographic skeletal survey and radionuclide bone scan in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieuwenhuyse, J.P. van; Clapuyt, P.; Malghem, J.; Everarts, P.; Melin, J.; Pauwels, S.; Brichard, B.; Ninane, J.; Vermylen, C.; Cornu, G.

1996-01-01

Background. The lack of a consensus in the literature on the imaging strategy in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) bone lesions in childhood. Objective. To evaluate the relative value of radionuclide bone scan (RBS) and radiographic skeletal survey (RSS) in the detection of LCH bone lesions, both in the initial work-up of the disease and during the follow-up period. Materials and methods. Ten children with bone lesions evaluated by means of RSS and RBS in a retrospective study (1984-1993). Results. Fifty radiologically and/or scintigraphically abnormal foci were detected: 27 anomalies in the initial work-up (12 by both RSS and RBS, 8 by RSS only and 7 by RBS only) and 23 additional anomalies during follow-up (10 by both RSS and RBS, 10 by RSS only and 3 by RBS only). RSS+/RBS- lesions (n = 18) are more frequently encountered in the skull (P = 0.038), and more frequently lack radiologic signs of osteoblastic activity (P = 0.020), than RSS+/RBS+ lesions (n = 22). RSS-/RBS+ abnormalities (n = 10) were most frequently insignificant. Conclusion. In the initial work-up both RSS and RBS should be carried out, while in the follow-up only RSS should be performed. (orig.). With 2 figs., 4 tabs

La investigación en pedagogía y didáctica aplicada a la educación física A pesquisa em pedagogia e didática aplicada à educação física Research on Teaching and Didactics Applied to Physical Education

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Julia Adriana Castro-Carvajal

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este texto forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que busca elaborar un estado del arte sobre investigación educativa en educación física, recreación y deporte en Antioquia entre 1998-2009. Este artículo analiza la producción de conocimiento sobre pedagogía y didáctica aplicada en los campos mencionados. Se trata de dar cuenta de aquello que atañe a las concepciones y los modelos pedagógicos y a los enfoques didácticos hallados en las investigaciones educativas revisadas. Los resultados reflejan la coexistencia de una multiplicidad de enfoques teórico-metodológicos desamparados de un debate pedagógico que, a su vez, reflejan un vacío científico en la comunidad académica.Este texto faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa que pretende elaborar um estado da arte sobre pesquisa educativa em educação física, recreação e esporte em Antioquia entre 1998-2009. Este artigo analisa a produção de conhecimento sobre pedagogia e didática aplicada nos campos mencionados. Trata-se de dar conta daquilo que se refere às concepções, aos modelos pedagógicos e aos enfoques didáticos encontrados nas pesquisas educativas revisadas. Os resultados refletem a coexistência de uma multiplicidade de enfoques teórico-metodológicos desamparados de um debate pedagógico que, por sua vez, refletem um vazio científico na comunidade acadêmica.This article is part of a research project designed to compile information on the state of the art in educational research on physical education, recreation and sports in Antioquia between 1998 and 2009. Specifically, it analyzes the production of knowledge on teaching and didactics applied to the aforementioned fields and, in that respect, it attempts to identify what concerns the pedagogic concepts and models, and the didactic approaches found in the educational research reviewed for the study. The findings point to the coexistence of a wealth of theoretical and methodological approaches bereft of

Inteligência artificial aplicada à Zootecnia Artificial intelligence in Animal Science

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Ernane José Xavier Costa

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Os sistemas biológicos são surpreendentemente flexíveis pra processar informação proveniente do mundo real. Alguns organismos biológicos possuem uma unidade central de processamento denominada de cérebro. O cérebro humano consiste de 10(11 neurônios e realiza processamento inteligente de forma exata e subjetiva. A Inteligência Artificial (IA tenta trazer para o mundo da computação digital a heurística dos sistemas biológicos de várias maneiras, mas, ainda resta muito para que isso seja concretizado. No entanto, algumas técnicas como Redes neurais artificiais e lógica fuzzy tem mostrado efetivas para resolver problemas complexos usando a heurística dos sistemas biológicos. Recentemente o numero de aplicação dos métodos da IA em sistemas zootécnicos tem aumentado significativamente. O objetivo deste artigo é explicar os princípios básicos da resolução de problemas usando heurística e demonstrar como a IA pode ser aplicada para construir um sistema especialista para resolver problemas na área de zootecnia.Biological systems are surprising flexible in processing information in the real world. Some biological organisms have a central unit processing named brain. The human's brain, consisting of 10(11 neurons, realizes intelligent information processing based on exact and commonsense reasoning. Artificial intelligence (AI has been trying to implement biological intelligence in computers in various ways, but is still far from real one. Therefore, there are approaches like Symbolic AI, Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy system that partially successful in implementing heuristic from biological intelligence. Many recent applications of these approaches show an increased interest in animal science research. The main goal of this article is to explain the principles of heuristic problem-solving approach and to demonstrate how they can be applied to building knowledge-based systems for animal science problem solving.

VIBA-Lab 3.0: Computer program for simulation and semi-quantitative analysis of PIXE and RBS spectra and 2D elemental maps

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Orlić, Ivica; Mekterović, Darko [Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka (Croatia); Mekterović, Igor [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb (Croatia); Ivošević, Tatjana [Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, HR-51000 Rijeka (Croatia)

2015-11-15

VIBA-Lab is a computer program originally developed by the author and co-workers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) as an interactive software package for simulation of Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Rutherford Backscattering Spectra. The original program is redeveloped to a VIBA-Lab 3.0 in which the user can perform semi-quantitative analysis by comparing simulated and measured spectra as well as simulate 2D elemental maps for a given 3D sample composition. The latest version has a new and more versatile user interface. It also has the latest data set of fundamental parameters such as Coster–Kronig transition rates, fluorescence yields, mass absorption coefficients and ionization cross sections for K and L lines in a wider energy range than the original program. Our short-term plan is to introduce routine for quantitative analysis for multiple PIXE and XRF excitations. VIBA-Lab is an excellent teaching tool for students and researchers in using PIXE and RBS techniques. At the same time the program helps when planning an experiment and when optimizing experimental parameters such as incident ions, their energy, detector specifications, filters, geometry, etc. By “running” a virtual experiment the user can test various scenarios until the optimal PIXE and BS spectra are obtained and in this way save a lot of expensive machine time.

VIBA-Lab 3.0: Computer program for simulation and semi-quantitative analysis of PIXE and RBS spectra and 2D elemental maps

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Orlić, Ivica; Mekterović, Darko; Mekterović, Igor; Ivošević, Tatjana

2015-01-01

VIBA-Lab is a computer program originally developed by the author and co-workers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) as an interactive software package for simulation of Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Rutherford Backscattering Spectra. The original program is redeveloped to a VIBA-Lab 3.0 in which the user can perform semi-quantitative analysis by comparing simulated and measured spectra as well as simulate 2D elemental maps for a given 3D sample composition. The latest version has a new and more versatile user interface. It also has the latest data set of fundamental parameters such as Coster–Kronig transition rates, fluorescence yields, mass absorption coefficients and ionization cross sections for K and L lines in a wider energy range than the original program. Our short-term plan is to introduce routine for quantitative analysis for multiple PIXE and XRF excitations. VIBA-Lab is an excellent teaching tool for students and researchers in using PIXE and RBS techniques. At the same time the program helps when planning an experiment and when optimizing experimental parameters such as incident ions, their energy, detector specifications, filters, geometry, etc. By “running” a virtual experiment the user can test various scenarios until the optimal PIXE and BS spectra are obtained and in this way save a lot of expensive machine time.

VIBA-Lab 3.0: Computer program for simulation and semi-quantitative analysis of PIXE and RBS spectra and 2D elemental maps

Science.gov (United States)

Orlić, Ivica; Mekterović, Darko; Mekterović, Igor; Ivošević, Tatjana

2015-11-01

VIBA-Lab is a computer program originally developed by the author and co-workers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) as an interactive software package for simulation of Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Rutherford Backscattering Spectra. The original program is redeveloped to a VIBA-Lab 3.0 in which the user can perform semi-quantitative analysis by comparing simulated and measured spectra as well as simulate 2D elemental maps for a given 3D sample composition. The latest version has a new and more versatile user interface. It also has the latest data set of fundamental parameters such as Coster-Kronig transition rates, fluorescence yields, mass absorption coefficients and ionization cross sections for K and L lines in a wider energy range than the original program. Our short-term plan is to introduce routine for quantitative analysis for multiple PIXE and XRF excitations. VIBA-Lab is an excellent teaching tool for students and researchers in using PIXE and RBS techniques. At the same time the program helps when planning an experiment and when optimizing experimental parameters such as incident ions, their energy, detector specifications, filters, geometry, etc. By "running" a virtual experiment the user can test various scenarios until the optimal PIXE and BS spectra are obtained and in this way save a lot of expensive machine time.

META-ANÁLISIS DE GENERALIZACIÓN DE LA FIABILIDAD DEL INVENTARIO DE OBSESIONES DE LEYTON VERSIÓN PARA NIÑOS AUTO-APLICADA

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Julio Sánchez-Meca

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El Inventario de Obsesiones de Leyton Versión para niños Auto-Aplicada (LOI-CV-SF es una escala ampliamente utilizada para la detección de síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos y su interferencia en la vida diaria en niños y adolescentes de 10 a 18 años. El objetivo fue estimar la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones del test y cómo varía en función de las características de los estudios. Método: Se realizó un metaanálisis. Una búsqueda exhaustiva permitió seleccionar 13 estudios que reportaron alguna estimación de la fiabilidad del test y, mediante la fórmula KR-21, se pudo incrementar esta base de datos hasta 43 estimaciones de la fiabilidad por consistencia interna. Tomando estos coeficientes se hizo una estimación media de la fiabilidad y un análisis de las variables que podían estar afectando a la heterogeneidad de los coeficientes de fiabilidad. Resultados: En promedio, la fiabilidad por consistencia interna de las puntuaciones del test para la escala de síntomas fue de 0,79 (IC al 95%: 0,76 y 0,82, con valores mínimo y máximo 0,52 y 0,97, respectivamente. Se observó una alta heterogeneidad (I2=96%. El modelo predictivo identificó la desviación típica de las puntuaciones del test como la variable más influyente. Conclusiones: Las puntuaciones del LOI-CV-SF presentan una fiabilidad media satisfactoria para propósitos de investigación, pero no para la práctica clínica. Los análisis de variables moderadoras revelaron, principalmente, que la desviación típica de las puntuaciones del test es la variable más relevante en la fiabilidad, presentando una correlación positiva con esta.

BIM, realidad aumentada y técnicas holográficas aplicadas a la construcción = BIM, increased reality and holographic techniques applied to construction

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Jaime Santamarta Martínez

2018-05-01

Full Text Available La metodología BIM (Building Information Modelling, ampliamente implantada en el sector de la edificación y de la arquitectura, ha transformado la manera de desarrollar tanto los proyectos como las obras de construcción. Si bien la esencia de esta metodología se basa en la generación de un modelo tridimensional, la visualización de éste a través de dispositivos bidimensionales hace que la experiencia e interacción con el modelo no sea plena. Es por ello que la aparición en el mercado de nuevas tecnologías como la realidad virtual y la realidad aumentada, abren un amplio abanico de posibilidades ligadas al sector de la construcción. En este sentido, en Acciona Ingeniería se ha desarrollado un proyecto piloto en colaboración con Trimble y Microsoft donde a partir de un modelo BIM se ha creado una realidad aumentada basada en hologramas, que permitan recrear una simulación aplicada a la construcción Abstract The BIM (Building Information Modeling methodology, widely implemented in the building and architecture sector, has transformed the way to develop both projects and construction works. Although the essence of this methodology is based on the generation of a three-dimensional model, the visualization of it through two-dimensional devices means that the experience and interaction with the model is not complete. That is why the appearance in the market of new technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality, open a wide range of possibilities linked to the construction sector. In this sense, Acciona Engineering has developed a pilot project in collaboration with Trimble and Microsoft where, based on a BIM model, an augmented reality based on holograms has been created, allowing to recreate a simulation applied to construction

Didáctica del dibujo de contornos ciegos aplicada al retrato gráfico = Teaching the blind contours drawing applied to graphic portrait

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Ignacio Martínez de Salazar Muñoz

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen En el área de la enseñanza del Dibujo Artístico, el retrato es una de las temáticas más complejas e interesantes a las que un estudiante debe enfrentarse. Con una larga tradición en las artes plásticas este género gráfico ofrece un campo de estudio excepcional para la adquisición de competencias básicas relacionada con la praxis del dibujo. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una propuesta didáctica realizada con estudiantes en el contexto de los estudios universitarios de Diseño. Los objetivos que este estudio persigue son proporcionar una estrategia didáctica complementaria a los métodos de enseñanza del Dibujo Artístico, ofreciendo al docente y al estudiante herramientas que favorezcan la comprensión, validación y ejecución del retrato gráfico. Abstract In the Artistic Drawing education, the portrait is one of the most complex and interesting topics to which students must face. With a long tradition within the plastic arts, this graphic genre offers an unique field of study to acquire basic skills related to the practice of drawing. This artículo reports the results of an innovative didactic project performed with university students of the Design studies. The aim of the project is to provide a complementary teaching strategy to the traditional methods of the Artistic Drawing training. It offers to both, the teacher and the students, distinct tools to promote the understanding, validation and implementation of the graphic portrait.

Problemas éticos al final de la vida

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Maria Graciela De Ortuzar

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente informe trata sobre el análisis filosófico de un tema complejo y controvertido, como lo es la ?definición de muerte?. Por ello, es importante subrayar que no desarrollaré aquí los aspectos antropológicos, sicológicos, médicos y técnicos de la muerte. Sólo me centraré en las teorías filosóficas principales que justifican diferentes definiciones de muerte (esencialista vs. biológica y sus consecuentes problemas prácticos. La necesidad de realizar esta investigación surge a partir del reconocimiento de confusiones conceptuales y contradicciones cuando se comunica ?la muerte? (falta de concordancia entre la definición filosófica, criterios y tests; contradicciones reflejadas cotidianamente en el lenguaje y en las actitudes del personal médico y de enfermería de nuestras Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs. Hablar de paciente al referirse a un cadáver al que se le ha diagnosticado la muerte encefálica; hablar de muerte cuando se produce el paro cardiorespitariaco (¿dos muertes?; hablar de eutanasia cuando se retira el respirador al individuo muerto cuyos órganos están siendo mantenidos artificialmente; éstas situaciones -entre otras- reflejan conflictos y falta de claridad conceptual sobre los conceptos básicos de muerte y eutanasia. Dichos conflictos constituyen problemas éticos claves al final de la vida, los cuáles nacen a partir del reciente cambio en el criterio de muerte en un contexto de acelerada ?tecnologización? de la salud. He aquí la necesidad del análisis crítico sobre el marco teórico-conceptual requerido en UTIs y su confrontación aplicada, con el fin de esclarecer los citados problemas. Para ello, estudiaré la teoría moral unificada de Bernard Gert, examinando su justificación teórica y su aplicabilidad práctica, como así también las posiciones alternativas a la misma (Wikler. En términos generales, considero que la defensa de la coherencia, sistematicidad y aplicabilidad de las

Diccionario de geografía aplicada y profesional: terminología de análisis, planificación y gestión del territorio

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Isabel Duque Franco

2016-02-01

Full Text Available El Diccionario de geografía aplicada y profesional: terminología de análisis, planificación y gestión del territorio, es un proyecto editorial dirigido por Lorenzo López Trigal, catedrático de Geografía Humana y profesor emérito de la Universidad de León (España. Se trata de una contribución oportuna y necesaria para la Geografía y otras disciplinas afines, desde y para el contexto iberoamericano, teniendo en cuenta que es un trabajo de colaboración con autores de siete nacionalidades, entornos académicos y profesionales distintos (españoles, portugueses, brasileños, argentinos, venezolanos, mexicanos y colombianos.

LA UNIVERSIDAD COMO ESPACIO DE INTERVENCIÓN EN ORIENTACIÓN PROFESIONAL: UNA EXPERIENCIA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS

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Patricia Navarrete Talavera

2007-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El presente artículo constituye una reflexión acerca de la universidad como un espacio de intervención en la orientación vocacional y profesional. Ha sido realizada a la luz de los trabajos y la discusión teórica actual, tomando como referencia la experiencia desarrollada por la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas1. La orientación profesional es una continuación de la orientación vocacional que tradicionalmente se circunscribe al momento de elección de la carrera. En la actualidad dada la acelerada generación de conocimientos y las demandas de capacitación continua, la orientación cobra un papel primordial en la formación profesional de los estudiantes y, por lo tanto, en el sistema universitario que los alberga. Se hace necesaria entonces la elaboración de nuevas propuestas de trabajo que contemplen conjuntamente el modelo educativo, la labor de los docentes, los servicios de bolsa de trabajo y el Área de Orientación. ABSTRACT: The present article constitutes a reflection about the University as a space for intervention in vocational and professional orientation, taking into account the work presently done as well as the actual theoretical discussions and taking as a reference the experiences that are being developed at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences nowadays. Professional orientation is conceived as the meaning and importance that the vocational development of a person has, understanding that this does not necessarily corresponds to one moment in your life, but that it develops in a permanent manner during your entire life cycle. Given that, in the world that we live in, the generation of knowledge and the demands for training are continuous, orientation takes a primordial role in the professional formation of the students and thus, in the University’s system that shelters us too. Therefore, it becomes necessary to generate new job offers that contemplate jointly: the educational model, the

¡Alucinados por paisajes! Indicadores para una relectura del paisaje regional

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Fabio Aldemar Gómez Sierra

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Otra forma de administrar las localidades en la globalización, es la vinculación del paisaje con las expresiones culturales. Ese, depende de las miradas naturales o fotografiadas, sometidas ambas a la subjetividad. La acepción aplicada al entorno, se expresa como espectáculo rural, dotado de patrimonios, cuyas concepciones poéticas, románticas y turísticas, obstaculizan más posibilidades. Aunque al departamento de Boyacá se le identifique parcialmente como territorio de paisajes, dicho concepto, alejado de las categorías científicas es pasivo y contemplativo. Enriquecerlo con miradas y procedimientos fundamentados, desde la experiencia de los paisajes vitícolas y hablar de la ciencia del paisaje, articulada con disciplinas científicas y aplicadas, permitiría la movilidad de conocimientos y por ende, una transformación social.

Coupled PIXE and RBS using a 6MeV 4He2+ external beam: A new experimental device for particle detection and dose monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathis, F.; Moignard, B.; Pichon, L.; Dubreuil, O.; Salomon, J.

2005-01-01

AGLAE (Accelerateur Grand Louvre d'Analyses Elementaire), the IBA facility of the 'Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musees de France' (C2RMF) has been equipped for several years with an external micro-beam line, in order to perform ion beam analysis on materials relevant to cultural heritage. This beam line is undergoing constant improvement. Recently, a new extraction nozzle for the external beam of the accelerator has been designed in order to obtain simultaneously from the same spot: - detection of the X-ray emission by two detectors, for low and high energies; - detection of the backscattered particles for a backscattering angle between 170 and 175 deg., thanks to an annular surface barrier detector included in the nozzle; - particle current monitoring by intermittent beam deflection on a reference material included in the system. This technical development has been induced by the study of artificial patinas on archaeological copper-alloy objects and the attempt to characterize them with a 6MeV 4 He 2+ beam, an unusual beam for this type of investigation. A detailed description of the new device and some results on an application of the use of high-energy alpha beam in PIXE and RBS made on a Roman strigil are presented here

THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF FRACTIONAL RESERVE BANKING AND FULL RESERVE BANKING: WHERE ISLAMIC BANKING SHOULD STAND?

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Yaser Taufik Syamlan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Objectives – this research is aimed to compare those epistemological bases to the mindset of Islamic Bank and try to drive the philosophy in practical operation whether based on the Fractional Reserve Banking Sytem (RBS or 100% RBS and analyze the challenges in deploying the 100%RBS. Methods - This research will be conducted based on an extensive literature review.Results - Based on the epistemological analysis of money and the business cycle as well as the views of Islamic scholars, 100%RBS should be the best for Islamic Bank. There are four types of 100% RBS namely Pure Commodity Money, Sovereign Money, Narrow Banking, and Limited Purpose Banking. To deploy it into the economic system, another philosophical work should be done to choose one of the types and strengthen it so that the theory of 100%RBS can be implemented for the goodness of Islamic Bank.  Conclusion - In Conclusions, Based on the epistemology defined by Islamic Scholars, FractRBS has more mafsadah if we compare to the maslahah. Therefore, 100% RBS should be better for the Islamic Bank.

Aplicación de la metodología de intervención psicosocial de la Asociación de Expertos en Psicosociología Aplicada - AEPA en una empresa siderometalúrgica

OpenAIRE

López-Barón, Francisco; Carrión García, M. Ángeles

2014-01-01

Peer-reviewed Estudio de caso de la intervención psicosocial en una empresa siderometalúrgica aplicando la metodología de intervención psicosocial de la Asociación de Expertos enb Psicosociología Aplicada - AEPA. A case study of psycho-social intervention in an iron and steel company applying the methodology of psychosocial intervention of the Association of Applied Psychology Experts - AEPA. Estudi de cas de la intervenció psicosocial en una empresa siderometal·lúrgica aplicant la m...

Econometría Espacial Aplicada a la Agricultura de Precisión

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Rodolfo Bongiovanni

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La agricultura de precisión se define como la “aplicación de tecnologías y principios de manejo de cultivos para manejar la variabilidad espacio-temporal asociada a la producción agrícola”.El artículo muestra cómo la econometría espacial se puede aplicar al estudio de los datos del monitor de rendimiento para estimar la respuesta del cultivo al fertilizante.En un estudio de caso de fertilización del maíz con nitrógeno en 1998-99 indican: hay autocorrelación espacial y heterocedasticidad en la respuesta del maíz; la respuesta al nitrógeno y las dosis óptimas de nitrógeno difieren en las distintas posiciones topográficas dentro del lote; la dosis variable de nitrógeno es rentable a un costo extra de USD 6 ha-1; la respuesta al nitrógeno y las dosis óptimas por posición en el lote difieren de año en año.Este resultado es interesante y alienta el uso de la econometría espacial en modelos espaciales, como una herramienta efectiva para determinar la rentabilidad de la dosis variable. Se debe tener en cuenta que se trata de un análisis “ex-post”, es decir, se asume que la respuesta del cultivo al N se conoce al momento de realizar la fertilización. A pesar de que la respuesta esperada nunca se va a conocer con certeza, un análisis económico de este tipo es el punto de partida que permite comenzar a comprender las implicaciones del manejo sitio-específico.

Biotecnología aplicada Un logro del Grupo BIOSEC

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Marina Caro Muñoz

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Un sueño hecho realidad, de la academia al campo, gracias a la unión de la empresa privada, Metapetroleum Company, y las entidades públicas Alcaldía de Puerto Gaitán y el Grupo Biosec del Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Revisión de herramientas aplicadas al modelamiento de mercados de electricidad

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Sandra Milena Londoño Hernández

2009-09-01

Full Text Available La desregulación de los mercados de electricidad alrededor del mundo, en la búsqueda de la eficiencia, ha introducido compe- tencia en los sectores de comercialización y generación de energía. Por esta razón, ha adquirido gran importancia, para regula- dores y oferentes, estudiar la interacción de los agentes competitivos para analizar la evolución del mercado y definir adecuada- mente estrategias de ofertamiento. Por lo tanto, en los últimos años se han utilizado diferentes herramientas para modelar los mercados de electricidad competitivos; este artículo presenta una revisión analítica de la bibliografía encontrada en el tema, en la cual se presentan las herramientas más utilizadas, además de sus ventajas y desventajas. Para realizar este análisis se hicieron comparaciones entre los modelos utilizados en cada herramienta, identificando las principales características del mercado, tales como esquema de mercado, estructura de las ofertas, tipo de subasta, entre otras. De este análisis se concluye que el tipo de herramienta a utilizar depende en gran medida del objetivo y alcance que se busca con el estudio.

Development of procedures for spectrometer brand Spectral Products to capture spectra of incoherent optical radiation for the Laboratorio de Fotonica y Tecnologia Laser Aplicada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arias Avendano, Fabio Andres

2008-01-01

The procedure to capture spectra of incoherent optical radiation for the Laboratorio de Fotonica y Tecnologia Laser Aplicada (LAFTLA), of the Escuela de Ingenieria Electrica de la Universidad de Costa Rica is developed through the use of a spectrometer brand Spectral Products. The thorough understanding of manuals spectrometer brand Spectral Products was necessary for the satisfactory development of the project. Spectrometer and the card National Instruments are installed and run both devices with a montage of suitable laboratory. Two catches of spectrum for two different sources of optical radiation are performanced, since damages to the files .ddl precluded that the SM 240 spectrometer worked properly to take more catches to other sources of optical radiation. A final report containing the two catches is produced with the respective analysis. (author) [es

Historia de la psicología aplicada a la educación. ¿se reproducen las contradicciones o la dominación de clases?

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Regina Helena De Freitas Campos

1989-12-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se analizan tres aproximaciones diferentes a la interpretación de la historia de la psicología aplicada a la educación. Se presentan y evalúan las contribuciones de la teoría de la reproducción, de la teoría institucional y de la teoría del conflicto de clases para explicar el desarrollo de dos puntos de vista que compiten entre sí sobre la relación entre psicología y educación en Brasil. El artículo concluye afirmando que la teoría de conflicto de clases es el modelo que mejor ayuda a explicar la historia de la psicología educacional en el Brasil.

Análisis de la implementación de un modelo hidrodinámico tridimensional al flujo de un cauce natural

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Santiago Aurelio Ochoa García

2017-04-01

Full Text Available En el análisis de la hidrodinámica fluvial están presentes una gran cantidad de variables, que al ser consideradas en la solución de las ecuaciones de estado describen el comportamiento del flujo. En este trabajo, se presenta la solución tridimensional de las ecuaciones de Navier Stokes promediadas por Reynolds con un modelo de cierre para la turbulencia K–ξ; solución aplicada en el flujo del río Tercero o Ctalamochita de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. La herramienta de cálculo para la solución de las ecuaciones de estado es el modelo SSIIM, un software libre orientado a la mecánica de fluidos computacional desarrollado en la Universidad Noruega de Ciencia y Tecnología. La importancia de analizar el flujo en forma tridimensional contrasta con la dificultad de su solución numérica, por lo que se ha descrito el algoritmo SIMPLE aplicado en este trabajo para la solución de las ecuaciones de estado.

Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

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Raushani Azza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

El carácter híbrido de las dinámicas grupales online: del grupo de discusión al grupo focal

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Francisco Javier Parada Dueñas

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo reflexiona sobre formas de acceder a la realidad social a través del uso de metodologías de investigación online que tienen características híbridas. Primero se dan algunas claves para la construcción y ejecución de grupos de discusión en un contexto online. Una de las características centrales de esta técnica es su composición híbrida, moviéndose entre lo que sería un grupo de discusión y un grupo focal. El paso de la mediación a la conducción marca fuertemente la transición de una fase de grupos de discusión a una fase de grupo focal. Segundo, se reflexiona sobre Facebook y algunos posibles usos que se le puede dar a esta red social digital con la finalidad de llevar a cabo de mejor manera técnicas de investigación aplicadas al contexto online. En este sentido, se reflexiona sobre el avatar o perfil de Facebook en dos direcciones: para efectos de la composición muestral de un grupo de discusión online y como material que ayuda al análisis de las posiciones discursivas que tienen los sujetos estudiados.

Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

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Hikmatiar Pasya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

Efeito de cargas aplicadas e profundidades de semeadura no desenvolvimento da cultura do feijão em sistema plantio direto Effect of loads applied and depths of sowing in the development of bean culture in no-tillage system

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Alcir José Modolo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Dentre os fatores primordiais para a germinação estão a umidade, a temperatura e a aeração do solo. É importante citar que esses fatores são diretamente influenciados pelo estado de compactação do solo ao redor da semente. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar os efeitos da combinação entre profundidades de semeadura e cargas aplicadas pela roda compactadora da semeadora-adubadora sobre o desenvolvimento da cultura do feijão, em sistema plantio direto. Foi utilizado o esquema fatorial no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, composto por doze tratamentos (três profundidades de semeadura e quatro níveis de cargas aplicadas pela roda compactadora e quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram que a profundidade de semeadura influenciou, significativamente, o índice de velocidade de emergência, os estandes inicial e final de plantas e o rendimento da cultura. As diferentes cargas aplicadas pela roda compactadora não influenciaram significativamente as variáveis avaliadas.Among the primordial factors for the germination are humidity, temperature, and aeration of the soil. It is important to mention that these factors are directly influenced by the soil compaction state around the seed. The present paper had the aim of studying the effects of the combination between depths of sowing and loads applied by press wheel of the seeder upon the development of bean culture, in a no-tillage system. Factor schedule was applied to the delineation in random blocks composed by twelve treatments (three depths of sowing and four levels of loads applied by the press wheel and four replications. The results showed that depth of sowing significantly influenced the index of emergency speed, the initial and final stands of plants and yield of culture. The different loads applied for the press wheel did not significantly influence the evaluated variables.

Estudio y optimización de los sistemas de intercambio de calor en generación termoeléctrica aplicada al aprovechamiento del calor residual

OpenAIRE

Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia

2015-01-01

La presente tesis doctoral estudia el aprovechamiento del calor residual mediante generación termoeléctrica para la obtención de potencia eléctrica generada gracias al efecto Seebeck. Dos son las aproximaciones empleadas, la simulación computacional, empleando variables obtenidas experimentalmente y la experimentación de escenarios reales. Ambas dos han obtenido valores muy prometedores para la generación eléctrica a través de los gases residuales. Con el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral,...

Ética aplicada, interculturalidad y acción social

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José Emilio Palacios Esteban

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Dentro de los objetivos de igualdad de género y justicia social que persigue el Ateneo citado y su compromiso de transferir internacional e interculturalmente los correspondientes resultados en conocimientos y experiencias, la inquietante actualidad en la que hoy vivimos los seres humanos nos exige abrir un espacio de razón pública, distinto al tradicional, orientado a la reflexión y práctica éticas. Es preciso garantizarlo tanto en los procesos de investigación como en su plasmación fáctica por parte de las instituciones y los agentes, profesionales o voluntarios, que ejercen la intervención social. Se trata, en efecto, de una responsabilidad que han de cumplir desde la nueva compresión que la complejidad de hoy día entiende mediante la expresión de “Ética Aplicada” (EA, la cual desplaza su centro de gravedad de los principios al contexto en el que viven las personas y suele plantearse en comités y grupos de discusión. Su caracterización en el presente escrito se condiciona a un doble momento, anterior y posterior a ella.

Evaluación de un cosechador de café por vibración circular al tallo.

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Ramírez V Carlos Mario

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Un prototipo para aplicar vibración circular al tallo del cafeto, desarrollado en el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café CENICAFÉ, fue evaluado en campo para estudiar su factibilidad técnica en la cosecha mecanizada de café. La evaluación consistió en determinar el efecto de la frecuencia, excentricidad y punto de aplicación de la vibración circular en la selectividad y el rendimiento del desprendimiento de frutos de café. El análisis estadístico indicó que el mejor tratamiento para vibrar el tallo (chupón y tocón de la zoca del café corresponde a una frecuencia de excitación de 2000 c.p.m, con una excentricidad de 2,5 cm aplicada en el chupón, lográndose desprender hasta el 45% de los frutos maduros presentes en el árbol con un porcentaje de frutos verdes desprendidos de 27%. Se encontró como en otros trabajos previos que el desprendimiento de los frutos depende del incremento de la amplitud (mayor excentricidad y de la frecuencia de vibración. La selectividad de este desprendimiento depende también del porcentaje inicial de frutos maduros presentes en los árboles.

Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

1993-01-01

The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

Modelo matemático de tipo valor medio de un motor de combustión interna y estimación de estados usando técnicas Bayesianas

OpenAIRE

Hernández Lordui, Mónica Patricia

2013-01-01

En el presente trabajo se obtiene el modelo matemático orientado al control de un motor de combustión interna de ignición por chispa. El modelo aplica ecuaciones de primeros principios con no-linealidades y parámetros desconocidos. Las ecuaciones aplicadas al modelo están explicadas mediante relaciones termodinámicas conocidas en la literatura como \\Mean Value Engine Modelling" (MVEM). La MVEM describe un modelo matemático orientado al control para las máquinas de combustión interna de ignici...

Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

2018-06-01

A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

2012-01-01

Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

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Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

Investigation of iron film-substrate interfaces using Rutherford backscattering and channeling techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maheswaran, S.; Thevuthasan, S.

1999-01-01

Thin films of α-Fe 2 O 3 (0001) (hematite) were epitaxially grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates using the new molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). We have investigated the interface between the hematite films and sapphire substrates using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and channeling experiments. Theoretical simulations were performed using VEGAS code to investigate the surface and interface structural properties of the films

Diferentes metodologias aplicadas ao ensino de astronomia no Ensino Médio

Science.gov (United States)

Albrecht, E.; Voelzke, M. R.

2009-03-01

O presente trabalho de intervenção foi realizado junto à Escola Estadual Colònia dos Pescadores na cidade de Caraguatatuba, com très turmas do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, envolvendo 119 alunos com idades entre 16 e 19 anos. A fase inicial foi composta de um questionário de vinte questíes dissertativas e objetivas, aplicado pelo professor titular da sala, que era o mesmo nas très turmas, para diagnosticar nos educandos os conceitos prévios sobre Astronomia e, partindo destes realizar um trabalho de intervenção nas classes envolvidas utilizando, em cada uma, metodologias diferentes: (A) sob forma de seminários, elaborados e apresentados pelos educandos, no qual o educador faz apenas as intervençíes necessárias; (B) de forma tradicional, com auxílio de multimídias para desenvolvimento das aulas e a terceira (C) tradicional, fazendo uso exclusivo de lousa e giz. Ao final do trabalho os alunos responderam novamente o questionário inicial para diagnosticar dentre as très metodologias utilizadas qual apresentou melhores aplicaçíes, os resultados iniciais foram comparados com os finais. Quando questionados a respeito do significado de Astronomia observou-se inicialmente que os acertos na turma A foram de 100%, turma B: 64%, turma C: 84%, após a intervenção os acertos foram: 100%, 97% e 85% respectivamente, demonstrando que houve um avanço significativo na turma B, a turma A manteve seu índice e a turma C evoluiu, porém não tanto quanto a B. Quando interrogados sobre quantos planetas vocè acha que existem em nosso Sistema Solar? os acertos foram: turma A: 39%, turma B: 48% e turma C: 46%, após o desenvolvimento do trabalho os acertos foram 94%, 97% e 90% respectivamente. Dentro das respostas obtidas observa-se que a metodologia tradicional com o auxílio de multimeios, aplicada na turma B, demonstrou melhores resultados, sendo a mais significativa. Outra conclusão muito importante é que apesar de o tema Astronomia ser amplamente

Measurements of proton induced gamma-ray emission cross sections and yields on Al and Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiari, M.

2014-01-01

knowledge of the absolute number of incident protons. The targets were prepared at the IST/ITN in Lisbon and their thickness was characterized by RBS measurements with 2.0 MeV alpha particles at three scattering angles simultaneously. The results of the measurement of proton induced gamma-ray emission differential cross sections on Al, at 90° and 45°, are in press in the NIM B journal (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.02.095) and data have been uploaded into IBANDL. Unfortunately, only data from two HPGe detectors were obtained since Al impurities at ppm level in the Ta bottom cap of the Faraday cup made the spectra collected with the HPGe detector placed at 0° for the p+Al PIGE cross section unusable (the yield from the FC alone accounts for half the yield obtained when the Al/Ag target is bombarded). As regards the proton induced gamma-ray emission differential cross sections on Na, data analysis is still in progress. Finally, the absolute thick target yields for the gamma-ray inducing reactions "2"7Al(p,p"’γ)"2"7Al (gamma-ray energies 844 and 1014 keV) and "2"7Al(p,αγ)"2"4Mg (gamma-ray energy 1369 keV) were measured at the three angles of 90°, 45° and 0°, and in the proton beam energy range from 2.5 to 4.1 MeV with a step of 150 keV. Once data analysis will be finalized the values of the thick target yields will be uploaded into IBANDL as well. (author)

Enfoque Legal de Ciber Defensa Aplicada a Empresas

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Ronaldo Bach da Graça

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la utilidad de ciberdefensa promovida por el Estado en favor de las empresas comerciales; que, en última instancia beneficia a toda la comunidad y el Estado. La investigación fue realizada por el método de enfoque descriptivo y lógico-intuitivo, mencionandose que la sociedad debe proteger a sus empresas como una forma de mantener la propia calidad de vida. Una forma de protección, relevante en el momento en que vivimos, se da a través de una adecuada protección ofrecida por la defensa cibernética. Es importante para el derecho de los negocios que se ocupe de las garantías constitucionales, que pueden ser apoyadas por un Estado que actúa con la defensa cibernética. En nuestros tiempos, doctrina y jurisprudencia en Brasil reconocen los derechos fundamentales de las personas jurídicas, y existe una relación de dependencia entre la comunidad y sus empresas comerciales que desemboca en una mejor calidad de vida, empleo y ingresos. Con el fin de preservar la seguridad nacional, deben recibir protección especial los activos intangibles de las empresas que son susceptibles a los ataques cibernéticos. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre la protección por la guerra cibernética de las empresas, concluyendo que la seguridad jurídica proporcionada por la actividad de la guerra cibernética en favor de las empresas y la protección de sus derechos fundamentales protege a la comunidad y el estado al que pertenece. Este trabajo fomenta la protección cibernética a las empresas per el Estado, como una especie de auto-protección y seguridad de toda la sociedad componente del Estado.

La crisis económica en España : la crisis del sistema bancario

OpenAIRE

Pachón Gallegos, Ana Luna

2014-01-01

El trabajo profundiza en los factores determinantes que favorecieron la aparición de la crisis economica en España, haciendo una especial mención al desarrollo de dicha crisis en el sistema bancario nacional. Departamento de Economía Aplicada Grado en Marketing e Investigación de Mercados

El pulso de la Tierra

OpenAIRE

Instituto Geofísico del Perú

2010-01-01

Trata sobre la sismología y geodesia espacial aplicada a nuestro país. El BCRP agradece al IGP el haber compartido este artículo aparecido en la memoria institucional 2009, Presente y Futuro, el que contribuirá a ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre el origen y comportamiento de los terremotos.

Ética organizacional aplicada. Estudo de caso de uma organização de serviços sociais na Espanha

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Carla Cubillos-Vega

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Estudiar la ética organizacional de una organización de servicios sociales es de suma importancia, dado el cometido público de este tipo de entidades con la sociedad. Dicho estudio se puede realizar analizando la estructura y el comportamiento de la organización con base en la cultura ética organizacional, donde convergen distintos valores: individuales, profesionales y de la entidad. Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un estudio de caso en el que se analiza la ética de una organización privada de servicios sociales española, identificando su modelo de gestión ética. Para ello, se utilizó el método cualitativo de observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Se explora algunos elementos que articulan el estudio de la cultura ética organizacional, así como de la ética aplicada a la intervención social; además, se identificaron los valores implícitos y explícitos compartidos, que operan transversalmente en dicha organización y el modo en que estos inciden en su actividad.

Laser metrology applied to the nuclear maintenance; Metrologia laser aplicada al mantenimiento nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garrido Garcia, J.; Sarti Fernandez, F.

2012-07-01

The development of this paper focuses on providing an overview of the state of the art about laser metrology. This type of equipment combines the measurement philosophy of laser scanning with the great precision of the robotic equipment of auscultation. Getting micron.

La neurociencia aplicada al estudio del género: ¿una nueva perspectiva?

OpenAIRE

Pallarés Domínguez, Daniel Vicente

2011-01-01

Setzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació (Any 2011) La neurociencia es a día de hoy una ciencia experimental que va conformando su sentido y modificando las disciplinas en las que influye. Como método científico utiliza todas las herramientas posibles para explicar el funcionamiento cerebral humano sobre todo, y lo estudia desde el parámetro de los estímulos y reacciones innatas con los que crea circuitos neuronales, ayudando a los seres humanos a tomar decisiones...

Una tipologia de la definició lexicogràfica aplicada al «DGLC»

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Victòria Alsina

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This article aims at establishing a typology of lexicographic definitions by means of the study of the definitions found in Pompeu Fabra’s Diccionari General de la Llengua Catalana in nouns, verbs and adjectives. Several typologies based on different criteria are arrived at: in the first place, the difference between synthetic and periphrastic definitions is established; this classification is based on the amount of words used in the definition. In the second place, the typology which comprises substantial and relational definitions is explained; it was established by Rey-Debove (1967 and it is based on the metalanguage used in the definition. And thirdly, a classification within substantial periphrastic definitions is established, based on the defining words used: lexical and semo-componential definitions.

Musicoterapia aplicada al desarrollo del lenguaje en alumnos con Síndrome de Down

OpenAIRE

Cabezudo Unzueta, María del Henar

2015-01-01

En la actualidad son muchas las terapias que surgen como alternativas a los convencionales métodos de tratamiento. En el ámbito de la Educación Especial una de las técnicas empleadas es la Musicoterapia, debido a su amplia aplicación en alumnos con necesidades educativas específicas (discapacidad intelectual, autismo, parálisis cerebral, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad...) además de sus beneficios en la prevención y mejora de la salud física, mental y emocional que produce ...

The molecular mechanism underlying Roberts syndrome involves loss of ESCO2 acetyltransferase activity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gordillo, M.; Vega, H.; Trainer, A.H.

2008-01-01

Roberts syndrome/SC phocomelia (RBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with growth retardation, craniofacial abnormalities and limb reduction. Cellular alterations in RBS include lack of cohesion at the heterochromatic regions around centromeres and the long arm of the Y chromosome, reduced growth...... and nonsense mutations associated with decreased levels of mRNA and absence of protein. We found decreased proliferation capacity in RBS cell lines associated with cell death, but not with increased cell cycle duration, which could be a factor in the development of phocomelia and cleft palate in RBS...

Establishment and characterization of Roberts syndrome and SC phocomelia model medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Science.gov (United States)

Morita, Akihiro; Nakahira, Kumiko; Hasegawa, Taeko; Uchida, Kaoru; Taniguchi, Yoshihito; Takeda, Shunichi; Toyoda, Atsushi; Sakaki, Yoshiyuki; Shimada, Atsuko; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Yanagihara, Itaru

2012-06-01

Roberts syndrome and SC phocomelia (RBS/SC) are genetic autosomal recessive syndromes caused by establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2 ( ESCO 2) mutation. RBS/SC appear to have a variety of clinical features, even with the same mutation of the ESCO2 gene. Here, we established and genetically characterized a medaka model of RBS/SC by reverse genetics. The RBS/SC model was screened from a mutant medaka library produced by the Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes method. The medaka mutant carrying the homozygous mutation at R80S in the conserved region of ESCO2 exhibited clinical variety (i.e. developmental arrest with craniofacial and chromosomal abnormalities and embryonic lethality) as characterized in RBS/SC. Moreover, widespread apoptosis and downregulation of some gene expression, including notch1a, were detected in the R80S mutant. The R80S mutant is the animal model for RBS/SC and a valuable resource that provides the opportunity to extend knowledge of ESCO2. Downregulation of some gene expression in the R80S mutant is an important clue explaining non-correlation between genotype and phenotype in RBS/SC. © 2012 The Authors Development, Growth & Differentiation © 2012 Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists.

Microprobe PIXE study of Ni–Ge interactions in lateral diffusion couples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chilukusha, D. [Department of Physics, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101 (Zambia); Pineda-Vargas, C.A. [iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129 (South Africa); Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, CPUT, Bellville (South Africa); Nemutudi, R. [iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129 (South Africa); Habanyama, A. [Department of Physics, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Jambo Drive, Riverside, Kitwe 10101 (Zambia); Comrie, C.M. [iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129 (South Africa)

2015-11-15

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry on the nuclear microprobe (μRBS) is often used in studies of lateral diffusion couples. RBS requires that the positions of the interacting species on the periodic table are not too close in terms of atomic number and therefore do not produce excessive RBS peak overlap. In order to satisfactorily characterize systems that have atomic numbers which are close, it is necessary to find techniques which can complement μRBS. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) could be applied in the lateral diffusion couple study of a system with relatively close atomic numbers. This was with a view that it may eventually be adopted to study systems where the atomic numbers are too close for RBS analysis. The system studied here was the Ni–Ge binary system. Since RBS is an established technique for studying lateral diffusion couples, we used it as a standard for comparison. The PIXE results showed a maximum error of 12% with reference to the RBS standard. In order to achieve the most effective use of PIXE in lateral diffusion couple studies we recommend the use of the technique in such a way as to obtain depth information and the use of relatively thick sample layers.

LA FORMACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA EN INVESTIGACIÓN APLICADA Y EL CONTEXTO DE LA COMPLEJIDAD: UNA PERSPECTIVA ESTRATÉGICA PARA LA INNOVACIÓN EN INGENIERÍA

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Renzo Astorne

2011-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: ¿Cómo afrontar la educación universitaria para la formación en investigación aplicada en un “cambio de época” donde el conocimiento se ha vuelto el activo substancial a la generación de valor en los bienes y servicios de las organizaciones? ¿Qué estrategia implementar cuando su eficacia se tiende a medir a través de mecanismos externos a las áreas de investigación de la universidad? Dos interrogantes que permiten, por un lado recorrer la forma tradicional en que la universidad reitera mecanismos triviales de formación en investigación para ingeniería, y por otro, el enfoque holístico -sistémico–cibernético- de promover esta formación para el contexto de la complejidad. Esta ponencia repasa la experiencia en áreas de ingeniería, con énfasis en la estrategia educativa encaminada a lograr una visión sobre el conocimiento, donde la universidad encuentra una creciente dificultad para establecer la dirección de sus áreas de investigación aplicada en ingeniería y los procesos de formación asociados; vale decir, para establecer la estrategia. ABSTRACT: How to approach higher education for training in applied research in a "change of epoch" where knowledge has become a substantial asset to the generation of value in goods and services in organizations? What strategy should be implemented when its efficiency tends to be measured through mechanisms external to the research areas of the university? Two questions that allow, on the one hand, going the traditional way in which the university reiterates trivial mechanisms for engineering research training, and, on the other, the holistic -systemic-cybernetic- approach that promotes this same training in the context of complexity. This paper reviews the experience in the field of engineering, emphasizing the educational strategy aimed at achieving an insight of knowledge, where the university is facing increasing difficulty in setting the direction of the areas of

Familial ALS

Science.gov (United States)

Boylan, Kevin

2015-01-01

Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

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Amrah Muhammad Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

Método de Evaluación Dinámica de Planes en Sistemas Inteligentes Autónomos

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Ezequiel González

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La característica principal de los sistemas inteligentes autónomos es que son capaces de auto proponerse planes, de ejecutarlos y de retroalimentar su base de conocimiento a partir de la información que extraen del entorno. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de los métodos de aprendizaje y planificación de dichos sistemas, para luego centrar la investigación sobre la arquitectura LOPE. Aunque publicaciones posteriores implementaron modificaciones y extensiones que lograron mejorar su rendimiento, se han identificado ciertos aspectos del modelo que aún no han sido abordados. Por tal motivo, se proponen mejoras para ser aplicadas dentro de los módulos de planificación y aprendizaje, como también refinamientos al proceso de control y ejecución. Además, se elabora un indicador que permite una evaluación integral de la arquitectura y una comparación objetiva de los resultados alcanzados con las distintas mejoras aplicadas, en relación al diseño original.

adecuado a la cultura de ocio y diversión

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Andreas Otto Brunold

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El incremento de la cultura del ocio no solo genera divisas y fuentes de trabajo sino también alteraciones ambientales. El presente artículo esgrime algunas pautas metodológicas y principios para establecer una educación orientada hacia una política de desarrollo sostenible. Una pedagogía aplicada a la cultura del ocio busca generar una conciencia de protección ambiental. Un elemento especial en un turismo de masa, como caracteriza a Mallorca, debe centrarse en la preservación de la identidad cultural amenazada por diversas manifestaciones como idioma, costumbres, valores e intereses que un turista no considera o los obvia. Un enfoque interdisciplinario adecuado a una filosofía de desarrollo sostenible ya no exige entonces al turista tan solo el pasaje y equipaje, sino básicamente la predisposición a reglas de conducta que buscan el bienestar colectivo y la protección al ambiente. La contribución de los jóvenes a esta pedagogía aplicada puede ser garantizar un éxito multiplicador.

Efecto del tratamiento térmico posterior sobre la resistencia al desgaste por deslizamiento de un recubrimiento base níquel depositado por HVOF

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Cadenas, P.

2007-02-01

Full Text Available In the present research, a nickel base coating was deposited on an AISI 1020 substrate by using high velocity oxy-fuel technique (HVOF. The coating was subsequently post heat -treated by means of an oxyacetylene flame. For the conditions evaluated in the present study, it was found that the CTT coating has 1,15 better wear resistance for the smaller level of the applied load and nearly 50 times for the highest level of the applied load when compared to the STT coatings. These results have been attributed to a better distribution of the hard phases, better cohesion between particles and an increase in hardness, as consequence of the post heat treatment process. A severe wear regime was found for all the samples since the wear rates presented values which were higher than 1·10-5 mm3/m. For the CTT coatings, the wear mechanism was mainly due to the adhesion and oxidation phenomena, meanwhile for the steel counterpart mechanisms such oxidation, grooving and three body abrasion were observed.

En el presente trabajo, se depositó un recubrimiento base níquel sobre un acero AISI 1020 por la técnica de termorrociado de alta velocidad que utiliza oxígeno como combustible (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel - HVOF y, posteriormente, fue tratado térmicamente mediante llama oxiacetilénica. Para las condiciones evaluadas en este estudio, se encontró que el recubrimiento CTT tiene desde 1,15 veces más resistencia al desgaste, para el menor nivel de carga aplicada y mayor velocidad de deslizamiento y, hasta 50 veces más resistencia al desgaste para el mayor nivel carga aplicada y mayor velocidad de deslizamiento, comparado con el recubrimiento STT. Estos resultados se atribuyeron a una mejor distribución de las fases endurecedoras, una mejor cohesión entre partículas y un aumento en la microdureza del recubrimiento, como consecuencia del tratamiento térmico posterior. El régimen de desgaste presente en todas las muestras fue severo, ya que las

Simulación de eventos discretos y líneas de balance, aplicadas al mejoramiento del proceso constructivo de la cimentación de un edificio

OpenAIRE

Gomez, Adriana; Ávila Díaz, Jorge Orlando; Quintana Pulido, Natalia

2014-01-01

El objeto de este trabajo fue establecer propuestas de mejoramiento al proceso de planeación de tiempos y costos en la etapa de cimentación de un edificio, a partir de la integración de herramientas como simulación de eventos discretos, programación con líneas de balance y metodologías Building Information Modeling – BIM -- A partir de mediciones en campo se levantó información para la elaboración de un modelo de simulación de eventos discretos que imitara el proceso constructivo real -- Se p...

Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andoh, A.

1997-01-01

The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

Educação bimodal no curso de pedagogia: aprendizagens em estatística aplicada à educação/Bimodal education in the pedagogy course: learnings in statistics applied to education

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Suely Scherer

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta e analisa uma estética de Educação Bimodal –parte presencial e parte virtual -, identificando atitudes, espaços e ações de professores e alunos que favorecem aprendizagens e comunicações em ambientes presencias e virtuais, coerente com a estética da complexidade. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da epistemologia genética, a teoria autopoiética, a interdisciplinaridade e a educação libertadora. Para fins de apresentação e análise dessa estética, são discutidos os movimentos de aprendizagem e comunicação de alunos e professora – a pesquisadora -, na disciplina de Estatística Aplicada à Educação, no curso de Pedagogia de um Centro Universitário de Santa Catarina. This article presents and analyzes the aesthetics of blended learning – half held in classroom, half held virtually – identifying attitudes and places as well as students and teachers actions in order to create a favorable atmosphere for the learning and communication processes which take place in virtual and face to face environments, being coherent with the aesthetics of complexity. This study was developed based on theories such as an genetic epistemology, autopoietic theory, interdisciplinarity and libertarian education. In order to present and analyze the aesthetics, learning and communication movements occurred among students and teacher – who was the researcher – involved in a “Estatística Aplicada à Educação”, offered by the Education Course at Centro Universitário of Santa Catarina.

Hábitos de prescripción de medicamentos a pacientes pediátricos alérgicos, del estado de Puebla, México, 2003 Drug prescription to allergic pediatric patients in Puebla, Mexico, 2003

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María del Rocío Pérez Rodríguez

2006-12-01

Full Text Available En México prevalecen la rinitis alérgica (5-10 % , seguida por el asma (9 %. En el estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo en 188 pacientes de 5 a 16 años de edad de la Consulta Externa del Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología, se determinó la calidad de la terapia aplicada, los grupos terapéuticos prescritos y el valor intrínseco de estos. En 101 pacientes de 5 a 9 años de edad predominaron las afecciones alérgicas (p Allergic rhinitis prevail in Mexico (5-10 % followed by asthma (9 %. The prospective longitudinal and descriptive study of 188 patients aged 5-16 years from Outpatient Service of Allergy and Immunology determined the quality of therapy, the prescribed therapeutic groups and their intrinsic values. Allergic troubles (p< 0.05 predominated in 101 patients aged 5-9 years. Rhinitis and asthma-related rhinitis were the most common diseases (p< 0.05. Antihistaminics (11 %, corticosteroids (8 % and antibiotics (6 % were the most used therapeutic groups. Drug selection was considered as adequate depending on the studied variables. Generally speaking, drug therapy was prescribed following the intrinsic value of drugs and according to the present clinical criteria.

Gestión de costos de producción en el sector metalmecánico de la región zuliana

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Medina, Guillermo; Chávez Sánchez, Jorge; Rodríguez Castro, Belkis; Chirinos González, Alira

2007-01-01

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la gestión de costos de producción en el sector metalmecánico, basado en autores como Chase et al. (2005), Heizer y Render (2001), Horngren et al. (2002), Hansen y Mowen (2003), y Barfield et al. (2005), entre otros. El tipo de investigación fue analítica, de diseño no experimental, transeccional, y de campo. Se diseñó un instrumento a través de entrevistas estructuradas, aplicadas a los jefes de producción de las empresas reg...

Análisis Cluster en la hotelería

OpenAIRE

Ángela María González Laucirica

2013-01-01

Este artículo presentado a continuación, aborda el tema del análisis cluster aplicado al sector de la hotelería. Al inicio se esbozan conceptos relacionados con el tema para que el lector comprenda las generalidades de esta técnica: el análisis cluster, aunque como herramienta de la estadística avanzada, requiere conocimientos básicos por parte del lector.Lo novedoso de presentar esta técnica aplicada al turismo y la hotelería, es demostrar cómo desarrollarla y luego interpretarla para futura...

Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

2017-10-01

The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

Aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos naturales del Valle de Valdavia (Palencia)

OpenAIRE

Doncel Macho, Raúl

2012-01-01

Búsqueda de soluciones al desarrollo de una Comarca azotada por las dolencias comunes del medio rural en España, a través del aprovechamiento sostenible de unos valiosos recursos naturales, infrautilizados a día de hoy. Economía Aplicada Máster en Desarrollo Económico Regional, Local y Gestión del Territorio

PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

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Zaenuddin Mansyur

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

2018-05-01

Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

1989-01-01

The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

Highly selective and reversible chemosensor for Pd(2+) detected by fluorescence, colorimetry, and test paper.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Mian; Liu, Xiaomei; Lu, Huizhe; Wang, Hongmei; Qin, Zhaohai

2015-01-21

A "turn-on" fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor (RBS) for Pd(2+) has been designed and synthesized through introduction of sulfur as a ligand atom to Rhodamine B. RBS exhibits high selectivity (freedom from the interference of Hg(2+ )in particular) and sensitivity toward Pd(2+) with a detection limit as low as 2.4 nM. RBS is also a reversible sensor, and it can be made into test paper to detect Pd(2+) in pure water. Compared to the chemosensors that introduced phosphorus to Rhodamine to detect Pd(2+), RBS can be synthesized more simply and economically.

Corrosion, wettability and thrombogenicity investigation of ion beam modified HAP/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shikha, Deep; Shahid, Md.; Jha, Ush [Department of Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Ranchi 835215 (India); Sinha, Sanjay Kumar, E-mail: sksinha@bitmesra.ac.in [Department of Physics, BIT Mesra, Ranchi 835215 (India); Reddy, V. Raghavendra [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Indore (India); Ojha, Sunil; Kumar, P.; Kanjilal, Dinakar [IUAC, Aruna Asaf Ali road, New Delhi (India)

2015-08-01

Hydroxyapatite Ca{sub 10}(PO4){sub 6}(OH){sub 2}, is a biosensitive ceramic which promotes bone growth in human fluid. However due to its weak mechanical strength it is often coated on chemically inert material such as alumina. In the present work hydroxyapatite (HAP) of thickness 1 μm is deposited on alumina using sol–gel process and the stoichiometric ratio of Ca:P = 1.67 is maintained. Surface property of HAP is further improved by Ar{sup +} ion implantation. The samples were irradiated with 1.4 MeV Ar{sup +} ions with fluence ranging from 5 × 10{sup 14} to 1 × 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2}. After irradiation, the surface is characterized using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GXRD) and Rutherford backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) techniques. Corrosion resistances and impedance analysis were carried out in Ringer solution. RBS and EDX were used to confirm the stoichiometric ratio of the film. Compound formation before and after ion implantation was studied using GXRD. Nanohardness, wettability and thrombogenicity of all the samples were studied. Correlation among surface morphology, improvement in corrosion resistance, hardness, wetability and thrombogenicity before and after ion implantation are discussed in this paper. - Highlights: • .People have worked on HAP coated on metallic alloy and even alumina but the characterization done here are all different. • Throbmobogenicity, corrosion resistance and wetability have all been carried out first time. • Improvement of Surface and interface using energetic inert ions like argon is carried out first time. • The best ion fluence for orthopaedic implants is proposed.

In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

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Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

Development and process evaluation of a Web-based responsible beverage service training program.

Science.gov (United States)

Danaher, Brian G; Dresser, Jack; Shaw, Tracy; Severson, Herbert H; Tyler, Milagra S; Maxwell, Elisabeth D; Christiansen, Steve M

2012-09-22

Responsible beverage service (RBS) training designed to improve the appropriate service of alcohol in commercial establishments is typically delivered in workshops. Recently, Web-based RBS training programs have emerged. This report describes the formative development and subsequent design of an innovative Web-delivered RBS program, and evaluation of the impact of the program on servers' knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Formative procedures using focus groups and usability testing were used to develop a Web-based RBS training program. Professional alcohol servers (N = 112) who worked as servers and/or mangers in alcohol service settings were recruited to participate. A pre-post assessment design was used to assess changes associated with using the program. Participants who used the program showed significant improvements in their RBS knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Although the current study did not directly observe and determine impact of the intervention on server behaviors, it demonstrated that the development process incorporating input from a multidisciplinary team in conjunction with feedback from end-users resulted in creation of a Web-based RBS program that was well-received by servers and that changed relevant knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. The results also help to establish a needed evidence base in support of the use of online RBS training, which has been afforded little research attention.

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2006-01-01

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

CONCENTRACIÓN MAGNÉTICA APLICADA A RELAVE DE COBRE

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Luis Valderrama Campusano

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un circuito de concentración magnética de baja intensidad para tratar relave producido en el tratamiento de minerales de cobre. Para este estudio fueron recolectadas muestras de 27 calicatas construidas y distribuidas a lo largo de la corona del tranque de relaves de la Planta Manuel Antonio Matta de la Empresa Nacional de Minería. El análisis mineralógico indicó la presencia de cuarzo, ortoclasa, magnetita, actinolita, biotita y clinocloro ferroso, albita cálcica, calcita, hematita, pirita, pirrotina y calcopirita. El análisis químico mostró un contenido de hierro total de 18,5% y de hierro magnético de 15,2%. Pruebas realizadas en un Tubo Davis indican que se puede obtener un concentrado con ley de 66,4% de hierro, 3,9% SiO2, 0,70% Al2O3, 0,69% de MgO, 0,60% de CaO y 0,178 de azufre, siendo la recuperación de hierro del 79,2%. Se realizaron pruebas de concentración, a escala de laboratorio, en un separador magnético WLIMS. El concentrado rougher del separador magnético fue remolido hasta una granulometría cuyo P80 es de 50 mm, siguiendo luego  pruebas de limpieza, que entregaron un producto final con una ley de hierro de 63,1 %, hierro magnético 61,83 %, azufre 0,23%, SiO2  7%, Al2O3 1,16%, CaO 0,52% y MgO 0,52%.

PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

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Benny Afwadzi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

El Sistema de Gestión Financiero de las Instituciones del Sector Público: su convergencia a Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad del Sector Público (NICSP) y sus efectos tributarios

OpenAIRE

Guerra Rodríguez, Lorena Matilde

2016-01-01

Las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad aplicadas al Sector Público, NICSP, son estándares de contabilización que por su carácter gubernamental, requiere una aplicación especial que establecen el tipo de información que se debe presentar conjuntamente con los Estados Financieros y su forma de contabilización. La presente tesis de carácter contable-tributario examina las implicaciones que tiene un Sistema de Gestión Financiero de las Instituciones del Sector Público, por la convergencia al ...

Factores Asociados a la Dismenorrea Primaria en Mujeres Atendidas en el Hospital de la Solidaridad de San Juan de Lurigancho 2014.

OpenAIRE

Ticlla Vargas, Mery

2015-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la dismenorrea primaria en mujeres atendidas en el Hospital de la Solidaridad de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2014. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, corte transversal, colección de los datos tipo retrospectivo, al nivel explicativo, tipo de diseño caso-control, en el cual participaron 40 mujeres atendidas en el Hospital de la Solidaridad de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2014 basado en una encuesta anónima aplicada a la una muestra al...

La satisfacció dels clients dels centres esportius municipals de Barcelona

OpenAIRE

Elasri Ejjaberi, Amal; Triadó Ivern, Xavier M.; Aparicio Chueca, Pilar

2015-01-01

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és identificar i analitzar les variables que més influeixen en la satisfacció del client als centres esportius de Barcelona. Les dades van ser recollides en una enquesta entre els clients actuals de centres esportius municipals. Una anàlisi factorial aplicada a aquesta informació revela cinc dimensions que subjeuen als múltiples components de l’oferta de serveis en aquestes instal·lacions: la seva qualitat, els recursos humans, la comunicació, l’entorn social i la ...

Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

2007-01-01

With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

Soluções ecológicas aplicadas à Hotelaria

OpenAIRE

Jorge, Ricardo Chiolas

2016-01-01

O combate contra as alterações climáticas é um tema que cada vez mais está na ordem do dia. Além do futuro da espécie humana depender do resultado, o turismo em particular tem interesse em agir de formas sustentáveis. Como pilar central do sector, a hotelaria tem o dever de liderar e dar o exemplo. Tendo em conta que muitas das abordagens até agora feitas têm tido pouco sucesso ou estão desactualizadas, este trabalho pretende não só informar mas também servir de suporte para gestores qu...

Predisposição genética, hereditariedade e reabsorções radiculares em Ortodontia: cuidados com interpretações precipitadas: uma análise crítica do trabalho de Al-Qawasmi et al Genetics predisposition, heredity and radicular resorption, in Orthodontics: cares with precipitated interpretations and a critical analysis of Al-Qawasmi´s work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Consolaro

2004-05-01

Full Text Available O trabalho de Al-Qawasmi et al.¹, publicado em março de 2003 pelo American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, procurou estabelecer uma predisposição genética para justificar as reabsorções dentárias em Ortodontia, mas apresentou algumas limitações metodológicas e equívocos na interpretação de seus resultados. A análise criteriosa deste artigo ressalta que, na maioria, estas limitações foram mencionadas e reconhecidas pelos autores na discussão do trabalho, mas o seu resumo e título foram muito taxativos e conclusivos. A linguagem de estudos genéticos nem sempre é familiar a todos os clínicos e isto também requer uma análise esclarecedora à luz de uma visão mais aplicada ao cotidiano ortodôntico. Referenciar ou citar este trabalho de Al-Qawasmi et al.¹, para afirmar de forma taxativa que se demonstrou a natureza hereditária das reabsorções dentárias em Ortodontia, pode denotar falta de conhecimento sobre o assunto ou uma leitura ou compreensão apenas do seu título. Ou ainda, a citação deste trabalho como prova definitiva de associação entre hereditariedade e reabsorções dentárias em Ortodontia pode traduzir também o desejo de excluir da prática clínica a responsabilidade de planejar de forma individualizada e detalhada cada tratamento com base no conhecimento das possibilidades e limitações técnicas oferecidas pela ciência ortodôntica, bem como nas suas bases biológicas, por exemplo, valorizando a morfologia radicular e da crista óssea alveolar e o papel dos cementoblastos na proteção da superfície radicular.The study published in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics last March by Al-Qawasmi et al. tried to implicate dental resorption during orthodontic treatment to genetic predisposition. The methodology used, however, presents limitations and interpretative mistakes of the results. When analyzing the article sensibly, one is able to find that

Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

2013-01-01

Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

OpenAIRE

Gediminaitė, Barbora

2017-01-01

The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

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Kerwanto Kerwanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

Elastic forward analysis using sup 7 Li ions A useful tool for H and light elements determination

CERN Document Server

Romero, S; Murillo, G; Berdejo, H M

2002-01-01

Films of CN sub x /Si, TiN sub x /AISI 304 and AlO sub x /Si were analyzed with sup 7 Li ions from 4.0 to 4.5 MeV and an experimental arrangement that, through detection of scattered projectiles and recoils by a single detector, allows quantification of H, light elements and heavier ones. A discussion is presented of the capabilities of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and conventional elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) compared to elastic forward analysis.

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

2009-01-01

Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

El grupo de investigación MAIC, “Matemáticas aplicadas a la ingeniería civil” y su web de enseñanza de las matemáticas.

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Adela Salvador Alcaide

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El grupo de investigación reconocido por la Universidad Politécnicade Madrid, “Matemáticas aplicadas a la ingeniería civil” (MAIC tienecomo una de sus líneas de investigación la innovación educativa, y ha trabajado en distintos proyectos como “Diseño y difusión de materias de formación interdisciplinares a distancia con contenido matemático o informático”, la continuación de dicho proyecto, o trabajar con materiales en la web dirigidos a la extinción de las titulaciones. En este artículo se presenta las páginas web de innovación educativa realizadas en el marco de dichos proyectos.

Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

2006-01-01

The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

Incidence and causes of iatrogenic retinal breaks in idiopathic macular hole and epiretinal membrane.

Science.gov (United States)

Yagi, Fumihiko; Takagi, Seiji; Tomita, Goji

2014-03-01

To evaluate the incidence and cause of iatrogenic retinal breaks (RBs) and postoperative retinal detachment (RD) in cases of idiopathic macular hole (MH) and epiretinal membrane (ERM). We analyzed 79 eyes with MH and 41 eyes with ERM, the relationship between the incidence of RBs and RD, and the frequency of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and lattice degeneration (LD). The incidence of RBs related to the operation was significantly higher in eyes with MH. The frequency of PVD was significantly higher in eyes with ERM. The frequency of LD did not differ between groups. In the MH group, the incidence of RBs related to the operation was high in eyes without PVD, but with LD. We observed four cases of RD in the MH group. The MH group had higher incidence of RBs related to the operation, especially in eyes without PVD or with LD.

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-03-05

Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

Una mirada estudiantil calificadora al profesorado de la Universidad Técnica de Machala

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MSc. Nasly Paquita Tinoco Cuenca

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se realizó en la carrera de Educación Básica de la Universidad Técnica de Machala con el propósito de identificar los criterios de los estudiantes en relación a la labor docente desplegada por sus profesores y socializar estas creencias. La estrategia metodológica asumida responde al paradigma cuanti-cualitativo, se basa en los métodos: fenomenológico, revisión bibliográfica, analítico-sintético y estadístico; la información se obtuvo a través de las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y el cuestionario, aplicadas a los 138 matriculados en esta carrera que permitieron concluir que en general los profesores se caracterizan por la organización de sus clases, la paciencia mostrada durante la explicación del contenido, la claridad de sus explicaciones y respuestas a las interrogantes de los educandos, la atención a las dificultades del estudiante, la utilidad de las tareas didácticas que asigna y el dominio de los contenidos. No obstante, existen limitaciones en cuanto a las relaciones con los dicentes, el dominio de las tecnologías, y el conocimiento y la puesta en práctica de metodologías de enseñanza que permitan lograr mayor calidad en la formación de los futuros egresados, lo que se refleja en el criterio de estos, quienes manifiestan la posibilidad de recomendarlos a otros condiscípulos.

De la injusticia al fracaso: La experiencia del paro en un grupo de jóvenes de Madrid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rivas Rivas, Ana M.ª

2000-12-01

Full Text Available By means of the metaphorologic proposals of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson in the analysis of discourse among unemployed young people, the author aims to reveal the basic metaphoric structures that underlie these people's view of the labor market. The fundamental metaphoric concept regarding unemployment held by those interviewed (spaniards aged 16 to 29, which lends coherence to their thoughts, talks and actions, is that of life as a «game of chance» and getting a job as a «stroke of luck». The demobilizing effect of this metaphor results from its hiding the structural dimensión of unemployment through a process of naturalization and individualization that transfers the problem of unemployment from the socioeconomic and political structure to the level of the individual and his or her «luck».A partir de las propuestas metaforológicas de G. Lakoff y M. Johnson, aplicadas al análisis de los discursos de jóvenes desempleados, se trata de desvelar la estructura metafórica básica de su visión del mercado laboral. El concepto metafórico fundamental que da coherencia a la forma de pensar, hablar y actuar sobre el paro del grupo de jóvenes estudiado (españoles de 16 a 29 años es el de la vida como «un juego de azar» y el acceso a un empleo como «un golpe de suerte». El efecto desmovilizador de la metáfora consiste en ocultar la dimensión estructural del desempleo a través de un proceso de naturalización e individualización que traslada el problema del paro de la estructura socieconómica y política al individuo y «su suerte».

Making the Case for Reusable Booster Systems: The Operations Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Zapata, Edgar

2012-01-01

Presentation to the Aeronautics Space Engineering Board National Research Council Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment Committee. Addresses: the criteria and assumptions used in the formulation of current RBS plans; the methodologies used in the current cost estimates for RBS; the modeling methodology used to frame the business case for an RBS capability including: the data used in the analysis, the models' robustness if new data become available, and the impact of unclassified government data that was previously unavailable and which will be supplied by the USAF; the technical maturity of key elements critical to RBS implementation and the ability of current technology development plans to meet technical readiness milestones.

Formation of aluminium nitride and segregation of Cu impurity atoms in aluminium implanted by high dose nitrogen ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Chenglu; Hemment, P.L.F.; Li Jinhua; Zou Shichang

1994-01-01

Aluminium films with a thickness of 7000 A (containing 0.85% copper) were deposited on silicon substrates. 400 keV N 2 + or 350 keV N + ions were implanted into the aluminium films or at the interface between the aluminium and silicon, respectively. Automatic spreading resistance (ASR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and channelling were used to characterize the formation of aluminium nitride and the depth distribution of the Cu impurity in the aluminium films after ion implantation and post-annealing. The formation of a stoichiometric AlN layer with high resistance was evident from ASR, RBS analysis and FTIR measurements by the presence of the absorption band at 650 cm -1 . When the implanted nitrogen is near the interface between the aluminium and silicon, a multilayer structure can be obtained, which consists of aluminium, aluminium nitride and the silicon substrate. Cu, which is a background impurity in the deposited aluminium films, segregated into the synthesised aluminium nitride during high dose nitrogen ion implantation. This is due to irradiation-induced segregation during ion implantation. (orig.)

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

2003-01-01

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

Avaliação da efetividade de métodos não farmacológicos no alívio da dor do parto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samara Maria Borges Osório

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Revisión sistemática con objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de métodos no farmacológicos en el alivio del dolor en el trabajo de parto. La búsqueda de las publicaciones ocurrió en BDENF, Pubmed, LILACS e Cochrane Library, con selección de 2007 a 2012. Se analizaron siete estudios que evaluaron los métodos no farmacológicos y que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. El masaje, la aromaterapia, el baño de inmersión, la acupuntura y la acupresión son métodos eficaces para aliviar el dolor en el trabajo de parto, ya que además de reducir la percepción del dolor, aún reducen los niveles de ansiedad y estrés. Entre éstos lo de mayor eficacia fue el masaje, principalmente cuando aplicada en la primera etapa del trabajo de parto. Además, las intervenciones no interfieren en el tipo y en la duración del trabajo de parto, señalándose seguras a la práctica clínica.

Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

2018-06-01

The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

OpenAIRE

Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2013-01-01

First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

Álgebra aplicada en el mundo de las telecomunicaciones

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José Antonio Montero Morales

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En este documento se expone un ejercicio de modelización matemática que se propone a alumnos de ingeniería de telecomunicaciones durante el primer curso, en la asignatura de ´algebra lineal. Aunque la modelización matemática hace referencia generalmente a la construcción de modelos que ayudan a realizar predicciones o a explicar fenómenos complejos, en este caso debe interpretarse como una herramienta docente que permite llevar a la práctica con los estudiantes una actividad organizativa y estructurada mediante la cual se utilizan conocimientos previamente adquiridos para descubrir regularidades y relaciones en situaciones pertenecientes al mundo real.

Desarrollo de un modelo generalizado para realimentación de fuerza y torque en cirugía cardiotorácica robótica mínimamente invasiva: determinación de condiciones y restricciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Pérez, IEE., PhD.(c

2011-07-01

Conclusiones: Las condiciones relacionadas con la incorporación de un sensor de fuerza y la percepción del cirujano en cuanto al tacto y la fuerza aplicada, resultan ser importantes en procedimientos de MICS robótica y requiere la inclusión de un sistema de control que permita la optimización de procedimientos por telepresencia.

Maquina y Telos. Esbozos para una Filosofía Kantiana de la biología

OpenAIRE

Mingo Rodríguez, Alicia María de

1998-01-01

Aplicada Al Estudio De La Organizacion De Los Seres Vivos, La Diferenciaexcluyente Entre Mecanicismo Y Finalismo Constituye Una Abstraccion Con Escasaeficacia Teorica, En La Medida En Que Ambos Modelos Se Complementan E Implican.Para El Planteamiento De Este Problema De La Teoria Biologica, Constituye Unadecuado Hilo Conductor El Que Brindan La Critica Del Juicio De Kant Y Lasaportaciones De Maturana Y Varela.

Regenerative braking failures in battery electric vehicles and their impact on the driver.

Science.gov (United States)

Cocron, Peter; Neumann, Isabel; Kreußlein, Maria; Wanner, Daniel; Bierbach, Maxim; Krems, Josef F

2018-09-01

A unique feature of battery electric vehicles (BEV) is their regenerative braking system (RBS) to recapture kinetic energy in deceleration maneuvers. If such a system is triggered via gas pedal, most deceleration maneuvers can be executed by just using this pedal. This impacts the driving task as different deceleration strategies can be applied. Previous research has indicated that a RBS failure leading to a sudden reduced deceleration represents an adverse event for BEV drivers. In the present study, we investigated such a failure's impact on the driver's evaluation and behavior. We conducted an experiment on a closed-off test track using a modified BEV that could temporarily switch off the RBS. One half of the 44 participants in the study received information about an upcoming RBS failure whereas the other half did not. While 91% of the drivers receiving prior information noticed the RBS failure, only 48% recognized it in the "uniformed" group. In general, the failure and the perception of its occurrence influenced the driver's evaluation and behavior more than receiving prior information. Nevertheless, under the tested conditions, drivers kept control and were able to compensate for the RBS failure. As the participants drove quite simple maneuvers in our experiment, further studies are needed to validate our findings using more complex driving settings. Given that RBS failures could have severe consequences, appropriate information and warning strategies for drivers are necessary. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pinturas, barnices y afines: composición, formulación y caracterización

OpenAIRE

Alonso Felipe, Jose Vicente

2016-01-01

El control de calidad en pinturas, barnices y recubrimientos afines está relacionado con su composición, formulación y caracterización. Al hablar de recubrimientos nos referimos a pinturas, temple, barnices, esmaltes, lacas, imprimaciones, e incluso recubrimientos electrolíticos. Se puede definir una pintura líquida como una mezcla heterogénea de componentes que una vez aplicada y seca se transforma en una película continua de espesor más o menos uniforme, sin pegajosidad al tacto y con las c...

Monitoreo y Análisis de condiciones de Higiene y Seguridad en Entornos Industriales usando Redes de Sensores Inalámbricos

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez, Eduardo J.; Deco, Claudia; Burzacca, Luciana; Pettinari, Mauro; Costa, Santiago; Bender, Cristina

2014-01-01

En este proyecto se propone el análisis, implementación y evaluación de una red de sensores inalámbricos aplicada al monitoreo y evaluación de condiciones de Higiene y Seguridad en Entornos Industriales. Para esto se realizará el estudio de estas tecnologías apuntando al análisis de las prestaciones de hardware y software existentes con la meta de proponer soluciones viables para el trabajo en estos entornos. Los beneficios de este proyecto podrán verse mayormente en el abaratamiento del moni...

Multimodality and English Foreign Language:Image-Text Interaction for Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension

OpenAIRE

González Romero, Rocío

2012-01-01

En el área de la lingüística aplicada, los estudios sobre multimodalidad (que versan sobre la interacción de imagen y texto, constituyendo varios modos de comprensión) han aumentado recientemente gracias al creciente interés de los investigadores en este campo (véase, por ejemplo, Jewitt, 2008, 2009; Kress, 2003; O’Halloran, 2011; Serafini, 2011; Unsworth, 2001; Ventola et al. 2004). En el mundo globalizado en el que vivimos, las omunicaciones ya no son lo que eran antes, puesto que “la revol...

Entusiastas, aficionados y espectadores: sus valores, motivaciones y compromiso

OpenAIRE

Miquel Torregrosa; Jaume Cruz

2009-01-01

El interés de las ciencias aplicadas al deporte en los espectadores y el espectáculo deportivo ha sido más bien escaso y en muchos casos sobrecentrado en la violencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una clasificación alternativa de los aficionados al fútbol a partir del tipo de contacto que tienen con el espectáculo y describir sus valores, motivaciones y compromiso. Mil setecientas diecinueve personas asistentes a partidos de fútbol organizados por la Liga de Fútbol Profesional con...

Concept maps as a polyvalent educational tool for health sciences: Their application to histology

OpenAIRE

Sánchez-Quevedo, María del Carmen; Cubero, María Angustias; Alaminos, Miguel; Vicente Crespo, Pascual; Campos, Antonio

2006-01-01

En el presente artículo se analiza el mapa conceptual como instrumento de estrategia educativa aplicada a las ciencias de la salud y, especialmente, al ámbito de la histología. Tras considerar los elementos constitutivos y los tipos de mapas conceptuales y el fundamento epistemológico de los mismos para estimular el aprendizaje significativo, se examina la aplicación de los mapas al desarrollo curricular, la evaluación, el diseño pedagógico por parte del profesor y el autoaprendizaje por part...

Annealing damage caused by implantation of group IB elements into silicon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johansen, A.; Svenningsen, B.; Chadderton, L.T.; Whitton, J.L.

1976-01-01

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the Rutherford backscattering method (RBS) have been used in an investigation of the annealing of radiation damage produced in silicon by 80 keV Cu + , Ag + and Au + ions up to doses of 10 15 ions/cm 2 . Whilst the damage caused by Cu + and Ag + implantation, measured by RBS, persists following annealing sequences up to temperatures of 800 0 C, Au + -implanted samples show recovery. Furthermore, RBS indicates quite clearly that, in the case of gold, atomic diffusion to the silicon surface takes place. TEM and electron diffraction both indicate that in all three implants the anomalous 'damage' remaining in RBS spectra is due to an amorphous-polycrystalline transition. In the case of Au + implants, however, there is less inhibition of the process of recovery, quite apart from the thermal history of the sample. The importance of using another technique, especially TEM, in conjunction with RBS investigations of radiation damage in the solid state is emphasized. (author)

Realidad aumentada aplicada a la enseñanza de Ciencias Naturales

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Fracchia, Claudia Carina

2015-12-01

Full Text Available En la educación primaria, gran parte del profesorado pone de manifiesto las dificultades que muestran sus alumnos en la comprensión de textos científicos y en algunos casos la desmotivación progresiva que se observa hacia la lectura de libros de ciencias. Son diversos los obstáculos que se desprenden de los libros de textos, por ejemplo el vocabulario, o que las imágenes o gráficos empleados que no despiertan mucho interés al compararse con otros recursos multimediales. En la actualidad, existen recursos que emplean Realidad Aumentada que pueden ser aplicados al contexto educativo, facilitando que los estudiantes manipulen objetos virtuales a través de marcadores como si se tratasen de objetos reales, realizando estas operaciones de forma natural e intuitiva, sin ningún tipo de hardware adicional que medie en la relación alumno-computadora. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una experiencia de extensión desarrollada en el año 2014, donde se utiliza la tecnología Realidad Aumentada para la enseñanza de temas abarcados en Ciencias Naturales en el nivel primario.

/Cu-Al System

Science.gov (United States)

Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

2014-05-01

Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

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M. Rusydi Khalid

2017-12-01

This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

ALS Association

Science.gov (United States)

... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

REDES TECNOLÓGICAS APLICADAS EM EaD

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Suélly Lima dos Santos

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Com o advento da internet e o aparecimento das novas tecnologias educacionais, conjunto de informações e comunicações (telefone, internet, rádio, vídeo, computador e televisão, ultrapassaram as fronteiras das quatro paredes da sala de aula, surgindo ambientes virtuais direcionadas à ampliação da participação dos serviços públicos relacionados ao ensino. À educação e à formação técnica e profissional permitiu-se o aumento da interatividade através da tecnologia, promovendo maneiras de acesso ao aluno utilizando computadores e/ou dispositivos móveis que viabiliza a Educação à Distância (EaD. Devido o grande crescimento do ensino à distância, as instituições já utilizam redes de dados para ampliar o acesso de aprendizagem. Com este espantoso aumento das redes, e da acelerada transmissão de informações aprender como elas funcionam é muito importante, além do mais usando a própria tecnologia para este fim. Como conclusão deste trabalho as mudanças relâmpadas da grande disponibilidade de dados no ambiente virtual é de enorme valia para o processo ensino-aprendizado.

AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

2009-01-01

To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

1975-01-01

Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

Algunos indicios de analfabetismo funcional en México

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Gilberto Fregoso Peralta

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda los resultados de las evaluaciones sistémicas nacionales e internacionales aplicadas al alumnado mexicano de primaria, secundaria y preparatoria en materia de lenguaje, así como la valoración nacional a que se someten los aspirantes a obtener un empleo como profesores de la enseñanza básica, a más de reportar los avatares del magisterio en el sistema medio superior, no sujeto a exámenes periódicos. El último segmento revisa las opiniones de los mexicanos que respondieron la Encuesta nacional de hábitos, prácticas y consumos culturales, auspiciada por el por el Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, al igual que la Encuesta de percepción pública de los mexicanos en ciencia y tecnología, diseñada y aplicada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, a manera de vincular las limitaciones tan pronunciadas de alumnos y mentores con el ámbito sociocultural mexicano.

Thin film growth into the ion track structures in polyimide by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Mättö, L.; Malm, J.; Arstila, K.; Sajavaara, T.

2017-09-01

High-aspect ratio porous structures with controllable pore diameters and without a stiff substrate can be fabricated using the ion track technique. Atomic layer deposition is an ideal technique for depositing thin films and functional surfaces on complicated 3D structures due to the high conformality of the films. In this work, we studied Al2O3 and TiO2 films grown by ALD on pristine polyimide (Kapton HN) membranes as well as polyimide membranes etched in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and boric acid (BO3) solution by means of RBS, PIXE, SEM-EDX and helium ion microcopy (HIM). The focus was on the first ALD growth cycles. The areal density of Al2O3 film in the 400 cycle sample was determined to be 51 ± 3 × 1016 at./cm2, corresponding to the thickness of 55 ± 3 nm. Furthermore, the growth per cycle was 1.4 Å/cycle. The growth is highly linear from the first cycles. In the case of TiO2, the growth per cycle is clearly slower during the first 200 cycles but then it increases significantly. The growth rate based on RBS measurements is 0.24 Å/cycle from 3 to 200 cycles and then 0.6 Å/cycle between 200 and 400 cycles. The final areal density of TiO2 film after 400 cycles is 148 ± 3 × 1015 at./cm2 which corresponds to the thickness of 17.4 ± 0.4 nm. The modification of the polyimide surface by etching prior to the deposition did not have an effect on the Al2O3 and TiO2 growth.

Impacto no ativo imobilizado em razão da convergência dos padrões internacionais de Contabilidade aplicada ao Setor Público: uma pesquisa-ação na Câmara Municipal de Santa Bárbara D’Oeste

OpenAIRE

Borges, Alex

2015-01-01

A Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público no Brasil está sendo elevada a um novo nível por meio da convergência aos padrões internacionais. Este processo de convergência tem como objetivo a adoção das IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting). A partir desse processo foi resgatado no setor público brasileiro o foco patrimonial que possibilitou a introdução de novos procedimentos de contabilização do ativo, tais como reavaliação, redução ao valor recuperável (impairment) e depreciação. Se...

Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

2010-01-01

Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

TERMOGRAFIA MÉDICA INFRAVERMELHA APLICADA À MEDICINA DO ESPORTE

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Ana Carolina Ramos e Côrte

Full Text Available RESUMO A termografia médica infravermelha é um instrumento de análise não invasiva e não radioativa, capaz de analisar funções fisiológicas relacionadas com o controle da temperatura da pele. A termografia detecta a luz infravermelha emitida pelo corpo e visualiza mudanças de temperatura corporal relacionadas à alteração no fluxo sanguíneo. Não é um método que mostra anormalidades anatômicas, porém é capaz de mostrar mudanças fisiológicas. Existem várias aplicações da termografia no campo da medicina: desordens neurológicas, reumatológicas, musculares, doenças vasculares, patologias urológicas, ginecológicas, ortopédicas e na medicina esportiva. Para todas as áreas médicas, a termografia está estabelecida como uma medida que proporciona um mapeamento visual da distribuição da temperatura da pele. A termografia não deve ser usada como ferramenta diagnóstica única. Exames clínicos devem ser realizados para interpretação dos termogramas. Nas aplicações médicas, esta técnica proporciona, somente, uma imagem da distribuição da temperatura da pele; não é capaz de mostrar dados de uma superfície profunda do corpo, como é possível por outros exames de imagem. Entretanto, é um método não-invasivo e objetivo, além de seguro e inofensivo. Na medicina do esporte, o uso da termografia pode proporcionar melhores resultados aos atletas por ser um instrumento na identificação de riscos e na prevenção de lesões, além de ser uma importante ferramenta no acompanhamento do treinamento esportivo, a partir da avaliação da quantificação da carga de trabalho.

Electrocoagulación aplicada al tratamiento de efluentes generadospor empresas de mantenimiento de motores.

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Alicia Guevara

2011-05-01

Full Text Available La electrocoagulación es una operación que desestabiliza una emulsión y permite altos porcentajes de remoción de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO y turbiedad. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la electrocoagulación como técnica de tratamiento no convencional de efluentes generados por empresas de Mantenimiento de motores y para la evaluación de la operación se midieron los parámetros: DQO, tensoactivos, sólidos suspendidos y totales, turbiedad y concentración de aluminio, cobre y cinc. El efluente estudiado se caracterizó por ser altamente heterogéneo, así la DQO varió entre 10 500 mg/l y 14 700 mg/l. La turbiedad desde 619 NTU a 886 NTU. El rango de tensoactivos desde 86,6 mg/l a 221, 6 mg/l. La concentración inicial de aluminio fue 88 mg/l, de cobre fue 123 mg/l y de cinc fue 13 mg/l. La concentración inicial de sólidos suspendidos fue 340 mg/l y la concentración de sólidos totales fue 10 456 mg/l. En la investigación se establecieron los valores de las variables que influyen en la electrocoagulación para hacerla eficiente. El pH de operación que presenta mejores resultados es 9,7. La intensidad de corriente que se determinó como la más eficiente es de 1,8 A. Con esta intensidad de corriente se tiene una remoción de DQO de 32%, remoción de sólidos suspendidos de 98,3 %, remoción de turbiedad de 97,4 % y remoción de aluminio 88%, de cobre 87% y de cinc de 99%, El tiempo de residencia que requiere la operación es de 60 minutos.

Energia solar aplicada al bombeig hidràulic en una central hidroelèctrica

OpenAIRE

Fernández Reig, Pau

2015-01-01

El present projecte té com a objectiu fonamental convertir la coberta d’una nau industrial en un element actiu de captació i transformació de l’energia fotovoltaica per a posteriorment ser utilitzada en l’accionament d’una bomba hidràulica que impulsarà aigua cap a un embassament superior, possibilitant-ne una futura obtenció d’energia elèctrica turbinant aquesta aigua que ha sigut bombejada. Si bé l’abast del projecte es centra fonamentalment en el polígon industrial de Berga i en la pres...

Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

2017-11-01

In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

Multi-Instrument Characterization of the Surfaces and Materials in Microfabricated, Carbon Nanotube-Templated Thin Layer Chromatography Plates. An Analogy to ‘The Blind Men and the Elephant’

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jensen, David S.; Kanyal, Supriya S.; Madaan, Nitesh; Hancock, Jared M.; Dadson, Andrew; Vail, Michael A.; Vanfleet, Richard; Shutthanandan, V.; Zhu, Zihua; Engelhard, Mark H.; Linford, Matthew R.

2013-08-08

Herein we apply a suite of surface/materials analytical tools to characterize some of the materials created in the production of microfabricated thin layer chromatography plates. Techniques used include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), valence band spectroscopy, static time-of-flight secondary ion spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in both positive and negative ion modes, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and helium ion microscopy (HIM). Materials characterized include: the Si(100) substrate with native oxide: Si/SiO2, alumina (35 nm) deposited as a diffusion barrier on the Si/SiO2: Si/SiO2/Al2O3, iron (6 nm) thermally evaporated on the Al2O3: Si/SiO2/Al2O3/Fe, the iron film annealed in H2 to make Fe catalyst nanoparticles: Si/SiO2/Al2O3/Fe(NP), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown from the Fe nanoparticles: Si/SiO2/Al2O3/Fe(NP)/CNT. The Fe thin films and nanoparticles are found in an oxidized state. Some of the analyses of the CNTs/CNT forests reported appear to be unique: the CNT forest appears to exhibit an interesting ‘channeling’ phenomenon by RBS, we observe an odd-even effect in the ToF-SIMS spectra of Cn- species for n = 1 – 6, with ions at even n showing greater intensity than the neighboring signals, and ions with n ≥ 6 showing a steady decrease in intensity, and valence band characterization of CNTs using X-radiation is reported. The information obtained from the combination of the different analytical tools provides a more complete understanding of our materials than a single technique, which is analogous to the story of ‘The Blind Men and the Elephant’. (Of course there is increasing emphasis on the use of multiple characterization tools in surface and materials analysis.) The raw XPS and ToF-SIMS spectra from this study will be submitted to Surface Science Spectra for archiving.

Evaluación de impacto aplicada a un proyecto de mercadeo social

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Luisa J. García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Actualmente existe una nueva estrategia empresarial en donde el sectorprivado voluntariamente está buscando involucrarse en los temas sociales. Esta estrategia se conoce como Mercadeo Social y consiste básicamente en una actividad comercial en la cual la empresa privada y una entidad sin ánimo de lucro se alían para promover una marca, producto o servicio para mutuo beneficio. Un ejemplo de proyecto de Mercadeo Social en Colombia, consiste en una alianza entre una compañía multinacional y la Consejería Presidencial para la Equidad de la Mujer. Este proyecto busca ofrecer el acceso a microcréditos a mujeres cabeza de familia microempresarias con el fin de garantizar su independencia económica y en esta medida, luchar contra una de las principales causas de la violencia familiar contra la mujer. Tanto este proyecto como otros ejemplos de Mercadeo Social, promueven proyectos sociales que tienen un impacto directo sobre la sociedad que implica cambios en el bienestar de uno o varios grupos de la población afectados por estos proyectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar el Modelo de Emparejamiento de la metodología de Evaluación de Impacto al proyecto anteriormente mencionado, para determinar si el mismo ha tenido un impacto positivo para las mujeres beneficiarias en su nivel de ingresos en comparación con mujeres similares que no han sido beneficiarias del mismo. Se espera corroborar a partir de este ejercicio, que dicho proyecto si ha contribuido al bienestar económico y social de muchas mujeres colombianas a la luz de la teoría económica.

Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

2016-08-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

LA DENSIDAD ÓPTICA APLICADA AL ESTUDIO LECTINHISTOQUÍMICO DE RADICALES GLUCÍDICOS NÉFRICOS EN RATAS DIABÉTICAS TIPO 2

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Ana V Frontini

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza, mediante densidad óptica (DO, residuos glucídicos en glomérulos y túbulos contorneados proximales, superficiales y yuxtamedulares, de dos líneas de ratas diabéticas: eSS y eSMT al año de edad. 10 ratas macho eSS, 12, eSMT y 10, Wistar (controles fueron estudiadas con distintas lectinas (PNA, RCA, Con-A, DBA, SBA, WGA y UEA-I. La densidad óptica (DO fue determinada mediante el Programa Image-pro Plus versión 1.1, estableciéndose rangos para la evaluación de la reacción cromogénica (> 200 = 0 (negativa; entre 150 y 200 = 1-2 (débil o moderada positividad, y < 150 = 3 (fuerte positividad. Los principales resultados diferenciales fueron registrados: (a en los glomérulos superficiales: WGA: eSMT (DO=3 versus eSS y Wistar (DO = 1-2, y UEA-I y Con-A: Wistar (DO= 3 versus líneas diabéticas (DO =1-2; (b en los glomérulos yuxtamedulares: WGA: Wistar y eSMT (DO = 3 versus eSS (DO= 1-2, UEA-I: líneas diabéticas (DO= 3 versus Wistar (DO=1-2, y Con-A: Wistar (DO =3 versus líneas diabéticas (DO = 1-2, y (c en las células de los túbulos proximales yuxtamedulares: WGA y Con-A: líneas diabéticas (DO=1-2 versus Wistar (DO= 3, y UEA-I: eSS (DO=3 versus eSMT y Wistar (DO=1-2. Las diferencias entre ratas diabéticas y controles podrían atribuirse a su dismetabolismo, y las de las líneas diabéticas entre sí, a sus distintos orígenes. Asimismo, podrían señalar alteraciones en la filtración y en procesos tubulares intracelulares, coincidiendo con trabajos previos acerca de una nefropatía en evolución a esta edad en eSS y eSMT.

Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

1992-01-01

Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

2014-01-01

Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

Ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje b-learning y su incidencia en la motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje en Estudiantes de secundaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Milena ARIAS AGUIRRE

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Trabajo de grado para optar al título de Magister en Tecnologías de la Información Aplicadas a la Educación, que tiene como propósito fundamental, Identificar qué incidencia tienen los ambientes virtuales b-learning en la motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de secundaria del Colegio Hacienda los Alcaparros

Estrategias de solución de problemas aplicadas por ajedrecistas de diferente nivel

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Luis Lázaro Agüero Jiménez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las diferen - tes estrategias de solución de problemas aplicadas por ajedrecistas de distinto nivel, y así desarrollar programas más integradores que permitan perfec - cionar el entrenamiento de ajedrecistas de todas las edades. Por esto, lo estudiado en la presente investigación sirve como guía para la captación de jóvenes talentos que deseen integrar las escuelas deportivas que posee el país; y desde el punto de vista psicológico, lo más relevante es la manera en que los ajedrecistas dan soluciones a problemas que se les presentan en la vida cotidiana a partir del aprendizaje que reciben en el juego de ajedrez. Se tuvo como objetivo identificar las estrategias de so - lución de problemas en ajedrecistas de diferentes niveles, del cual se derivan los objetivos específicos de: determinar las estrategias que utilizan los aje - drecistas de la muestra en tareas de pensamiento lógico, definir las estrategias que utilizan los ajedre - cistas de la muestra en la solución de partidas de ajedrez y el determinar si los ajedrecistas con mayor experiencia practicando este deporte utilizan estra - tegias de solución de problemas más eficaces; de estos objetivos específicos se extrajeron las variables: resolución de problemas, pensamiento, pensamiento lógico, estrategia, y eficacia, las cuales fueron medidas con el test de ajedrez propuesto por Przewoznik y Soszynski (2004 y por el test de pensamiento lógico de Tobin y Capie (1981 La muestra estuvo conformada por siete sujetos y los resultados de ambos test fueron procesadas con el programa Microsoft Excel. Se logró constatar en los resultados que en el test de ajedrez también se aplican los cinco esquemas propuestos en el test de pensamiento lógico (proporcionalidad, control de variables, probabilidad, correlación y operaciones combinatorias, y aquellos jugadores de más experiencia fueron más eficaces en la solución de las posiciones de

O conceito de lucro econômico no âmbito da contabilidade aplicada

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Alessandra Hirano Fuji

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo da Ciência Contábil e as definições de elementos financeiros, notadamente o lucro, são de grande relevância não somente para os estudiosos do meio acadêmico, mas também para aqueles que atuam no mercado financeiro e trabalham com as questões práticas da Contabilidade. O lucro contábil, que constitui basicamente o confronto entre receita realizada e custo consumido, é respaldado pelo conservadorismo, convenção da objetividade e Princípios Contábeis Geralmente Aceitos. O lucro econômico, que é o incremento do valor presente do patrimônio líquido, envolve aspectos subjetivos, mas é superior ao lucro contábil, mormente no processo decisório dos usuários internos e externos. A questão de pesquisa é se o conceito de lucro econômico encontra-se realmente difundido entre os profissionais da área contábil. O objetivo do trabalho é enfatizar a importância do conceito de lucro econômico e verificar qual o grau de assimilação, utilização e divulgação do conceito no âmbito da Contabilidade Aplicada. O trabalho, baseado em revisão da literatura e estudo exploratório mostra que o conceito de lucro econômico não é plenamente conhecido e utilizado pelos usuários da contabilidade.The study of accounting theory and the definitions of financial elements, especially profit, is highly relevant not only for academics, but also for those directly involved in practical activities related to applied accounting. Accounting profit is the confrontation between revenue and cost and is based on conservatism, objectivity and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Economic profit is the increase in the equity's present value and involves subjective aspects, but it is better than accounting profit, mainly in the context of internal and external users' decisionmaking process. The research question is whether the concept of economic profit is really widespread among accounting professionals. This study aims to emphasize the

Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

2017-07-01

The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático: Dificultades en el uso de indicadores en dos cuencas de Colombia y Argentina

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Paula Mussetta

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo evidencia las dificultades metodológicas y teóricas en el uso de indicadores sociales para evaluar la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático y de esta forma contribuye a refinar las estrategias metodológicas para el abordaje de este fenómeno. La mayoría de los estudios de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático la definen como una expresión de tres dimensiones: la exposición de los sistemas a los fenómenos climáticos, la sensibilidad a esas condiciones riesgosas, y su capacidad para afrontar los impactos que los afectan. Estas tres dimensiones facilitan la operacionalización del concepto a partir de indicadores biofísicos y sociales cuya principal finalidad es cuantificar el fenómeno y establecer relaciones de causalidad entre eventos y recursos. Frente a esta conceptualización, otra manera de entender el fenónemo es definirla como un proceso dinámico determinado procesos sociales, económicos, políticos, culturales e institucionales. Desde este enfoque el cambio climático impacta sobre una serie de vulnerabilidades previas y de largo plazo definidas principalmente por el acceso a los recursos. La vulnerabilidad se define entonces, como un proceso cuya complejidad no admite cuantificaciones ni generalizaciones entre causas y efectos como las que proponen los sistemas de indicadores. A partir de una experiencia de investigación concreta en las cuencas de los ríos Mendoza, en Argentina, y Chinchiná, en Colombia este artículo demuestra las limitaciones que el uso de indicadores de vulnerabilidad social conllevan para la investigación social aplicada. Con base en el análisis de datos estadísticos de uso público disponible en Argentina y en Colombia y de entrevistas en profundidad en las areas de estudio, los autores reconstruyen las dificultades enfrentadas al momento de construir dichos indicadores para demostrar las debilidades de cada indicador para dar cuenta del complejo fenómeno de la vulnerabilidad. Se

Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

2003-01-01

Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

2017-10-01

In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

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Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

1997-01-01

Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2013-11-25

Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

2009-01-01

We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

2008-01-01

The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

Abu al-Layth al-Libi

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

Complementarities of nuclear-based analytical techniques for the characterization of thin film technological materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bamford, Samuel; Kregsamer, Peter; Fazinic, Stjepko; Jaksic, Milko; Wegrzynek, Dariusz; Chinea-Cano, Ernesto; Markowicz, Andrzej

2007-01-01

Two thin film technological materials (A/B) from the aerospace industry have been characterized for their elemental composition, for the purpose of determining their purity and trace element distribution. The results contribute to the assessment of the materials' suitability as part of a spacecraft's thermal hardware. Analysis was done using a combination of PIXE/RBS and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analytical techniques. Samples of the materials were analyzed with PIXE/RBS system using 2 MeV proton beam from a 1 MV Tandetron accelerator and also with separate EDXRF systems employing Am-241 and Mo-secondary target as excitation sources. PIXE/RBS measurements enabled identification of the elemental composition and elucidation of the layer structure of the materials. From the PIXE/RBS results, Am-241-excited EDXRF technique was selected for quantitative determination of indium (In) and tin (Sn) by their K-X-rays, after reasonable absorption corrections. A comparison has been made of the results obtained from EDXRF and PIXE/RBS. Material A has been found to be a thin film with three layers, while material B is a thin film comprised of four layers. Thicknesses and compositions (including trace elements) of all layers have been determined. The limitation of EDXRF in the analysis of inhomogeneously distributed elements was overcome by using PIXE/RBS as an appropriate complimentary technique

Atomic and Nuclear Analytical Methods XRF, Mössbauer, XPS, NAA and Ion-Beam Spectroscopic Techniques

CERN Document Server

Verma, H R

2007-01-01

This book is a blend of analytical methods based on the phenomenon of atomic and nuclear physics. It comprises comprehensive presentations about X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Neutron- Activation Analysis (NAA), Particle Induced X-ray Emission Analysis (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering Analysis (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission Analysis (PIGE), and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). These techniques are commonly applied in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental studies, archaeology or geology et al. and pursued in major international research laboratories.

Atomic and nuclear analytical methods. XRF, Moessbauer, XPS, NAA and ion-beam spectroscopic techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verma, H.R.

2007-01-01

This book is a blend of analytical methods based on the phenomenon of atomic and nuclear physics. It comprises comprehensive presentations about X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Moessbauer Spectroscopy (MS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Neutron- Activation Analysis (NAA), Particle Induced X-ray Emission Analysis (PIXE), Rutherford Backscattering Analysis (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission Analysis (PIGE), and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). These techniques are commonly applied in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental studies, archaeology or geology et al. and pursued in major international research laboratories. (orig.)

SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

2013-01-01

This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

La cortesía verbal atenuadora en el aula de ELE/N: las estrategias de atenuación en alemanes y españoles

OpenAIRE

Zúñiga Garrido, Laura

2017-01-01

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo fin de máster se encuadra en el área temática de Lingüística aplicada a la enseñanza y al aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. Dentro de esta área, se aborda la pragmática intercultural y, en concreto, el estudio de la cortesía verbal y de su implicación en el aula de español de los negocios. En él, se hace un acercamiento al análisis y al cotejo de las estrategias para la atenuación de las peticiones empleadas por españoles y por alemanes en el conte...

KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

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Zakiyah Zakiyah

2012-12-01

Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

Loss Distribution Approach (LDA: metodología actuarial aplicada al riesgo operacional Loss Distribution Approach (LDA: actuarial methodology apply to operational risk

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Luis Ceferino Franco Arbeláez

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es resultado de un proyecto de investigación sobre la gestión integral del riesgo operacional promovido por la Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones de la Universidad de Medellín, y cofinanciado por una firma comisionista. Se presenta una aplicación del modelo LDA, el cual se basa en la recopilación de los datos de pérdidas históricas (frecuencia y severidad, que se registran internamente en las organizaciones. Dichos datos pueden ser complementados con datos externos. Estas pérdidas son clasificadas en una matriz que relaciona las líneas de negocio de la organización y los eventos operacionales de pérdida, a partir de la cual se calcula la carga de capital. La aplicación se desarrolló para una entidad financiera. El artículo está organizado de la siguiente forma: la primera sección es introductoria al tema. En la segunda parte se presenta formalmente el modelo LDA; luego se realiza una aplicación, y en la cuarta sección se presentan algunas conclusiones.This paper is the result of a research project on integrated management of operational risk, promoted by Universidad de Medellin Research Vice-Principal's Office and co-financed by a financial company. It presents an application of the LDA model, which is based on data collection of historical losses (frequency and severity, which are recorded internally in organizations. Such data can be supplemented with external data. These losses are classified in a matrix that relates business lines of the organization and operational loss events, from which capital charge is estimated. The application was developed for a financial institution. The paper is organized as follows: The first section is introductory to the subject. The second part formally presents a LDA model; then an application is made, and in the fourth part some conclusions are presented.

Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

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Duski Ibrahim

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

Plan de Negocios para una Organización de Servicios de Capacitación en Actualización Tecnológica Automotriz

OpenAIRE

Fernández Palomeque, Pablo Andrés

2011-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un modelo de plan de negocios para ésta organización que presta servicios de capacitación en actualización tecnológica automotriz. La empresa proporciona cursos de capacitación en Actualización Tecnológica Automotriz, tales como inyección electrónica de combustible, frenos ABS, AIR-BAG, electrónica básica y electrónica aplicada al automotor. Además brinda asesoramiento permanente y equipamiento electrónico especializado al personal de técnicos dedicados ...

A massagem terapêutica em idosos não comunicantes com doença terminal

OpenAIRE

Marques, Cândida Nunes Casimiro, 1957-

2010-01-01

Tese de mestrado, Cuidados Paliativos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2011 Contexto: A dor é um sintoma comum nos idosos, principalmente nos acamados com doença terminal. Estes doentes estão geralmente polimedicados, pelo que a utilização de meios não farmacológicos como terapêutica complementar da dor poderá ser uma mais-valia no alívio desta sintomatologia. A massagem terapêutica é utilizada desde há milénios no alívio da dor, e é uma das técnicas aplicadas nestes doentes...

Los jefes de prensa

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Daniel Raffo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los jefes de prensa son un emergente de la moderna tecnología aplicada al campo de las ciencias sociales, son voceros del presidente porque éste necesita estar conectado al trafico informativo cotidiano. Son también piezas clave en el juego de la política de un Estado. Pero en la práctica, muchas veces son solo los "mensajeros" del príncipe de turno. Deben ser leales y de absoluta confianza. Pero sin quebrantar la ética y su compromiso con el pueblo. Cita el caso del vocero de Menem.

Modelos de investigación del mercado español y del plan de marketing estratégico para la Pera Rocha portuguesa

OpenAIRE

Vieira Jordao, José de Sousa

2002-01-01

Se trata del análisis de las preferencias del mercado español sobre la Perla Rocha, un pera genuinamente portuguesa, para el diseño de un plan de marketing estratégico al final. En el presente estudio, en un intento de aportar información al respecto, en primer lugar, se presenta la justificación y objetivos del trabajo; seguidamente se desarrolla un cuadro conceptual y un conjunto de hipótesis, de que resulta la metodología aplicada en la investigación empírica. Tras ofrecer una visión panor...

Integrando las tecnologías de Web Semántica en la Archivística

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José Manuel Morales-del-Castillo

2011-01-01

recuperación de información en este tipo de plataformas. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de vocabularios semánticos y metodologías para la creación y mantenimiento de ontologías web aplicadas al desarrollo de herramientas archivísticas. Por último, se concluye que la incorporación de estas tecnologías y metodologías al currículo de los archiveros se puede hacer de una manera natural, complementando competencias y habilidades que ya adquieren estos profesionales durante su formación reglada.

Enseñanza de Teoría de Estructuras mediante el diseño, cálculo, construcción y ensayo de modelos

OpenAIRE

Galvín, Pedro; Solís Muñiz, Mario; Romero Ordóñez, Antonio

2010-01-01

CNIM 2010 : Ciudad Real, 3-5 noviembre 2010. Anales de ingeniería mecánica, 2010, 18: 1-7 Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una experiencia de innovación docente dentro de la docencia en el ámbito de las estructuras en la titulación de Ingeniería Industrial en la Universidad de Sevilla. La metodología docente aplicada pretende motivar al alumno al aprendizaje promoviendo el diseño, cálculo, construcción y ensayo de estructuras. De esta forma, el alumnado se forma no sólo como cal...

Globalización y deporte. Una propuesta de investigación a través del fútbol en Canarias

OpenAIRE

Moscoso Sánchez, David Jesús; Alonso Delgado, Víctor

2005-01-01

El presente artículo analiza una cuestión poco estudiada hasta ahora en el ámbito de la investigación social aplicada al deporte, a saber: el fenómeno de la globalización. En él se reflexiona sobre el proceso de difusión del deporte –como un fenómeno social normalizado–, centrándonos en la influencia ejercida por Inglaterra a este respecto en el pasado. Asimismo, también trata de justificar el interés de este objeto de investigación (globalización y deporte), abordando al...

Aplicación de traducción basadas en memorias de datos. Desarrollo y perspectivas de futuro

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Muñoz, José Manuel; Vella Ramírez, Mercedes

2010-01-01

Al hablar de tecnología aplicada a la traducción con frecuencia se establece una distinción entre los conceptos de traducción automática, que se considera un empeño quimérico, y la traducción asistida, a cuyas herramientas de ayuda al traductor se concede gran importancia. En el presente artículo analizamos las tecnologías basadas en la reutilización de segmentos de traducción que tienen su origen en los modelos estadísticos de traducción automática y que surgieron como cons...

Estudio comparativo sobre la aplicación de los algoritmos PSO y SQP en la optimización de pórticos planos de concreto armado

OpenAIRE

Lapadula Sequera, Víctor Antonio

2014-01-01

Esta investigación presenta la comparación de las técnicas SQP (Sequential Cuadratic Programming) y PSO (Particle Swarm optimization) al ser aplicadas al problema de optimización de pórticos planos de concreto armado. El SQP y el PSO son algoritmos de optimización provenientes de filosofías diferentes. El primero es una técnica clásica basada en cálculo diferencial, mientras que el segundo es una meta-heurística inspirada en comportamientos observados en la naturaleza. Como función objetivo d...

Análisis de la carga de entrenamiento en fútbol

OpenAIRE

Gómez Dotor, Guillermo

2013-01-01

En las siguientes líneas se podrá encontrar un documento perteneciente al Trabajo Fin de Grado realizado por el alumno Guillermo Gómez Dotor. Dicho trabajo tendrá un tema central de estudio y análisis, la carga de entrenamiento aplicada en fútbol. En él, podremos encontrar dos partes diferenciadas. La primera de ellas, más teórica, consistirá en un análisis de la carga de entrenamiento a nivel general y sus aplicaciones al entrenamiento de fútbol. Se analizarán los conceptos de carga de...

Filtragem adaptativa de Kalman aplicada a altitudes elipsoidais obtidas por receptores GPS visando o monitoramento de massas de água

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Kelvin William de Souza Siqueira

2017-04-01

Full Text Available As coordenadas estimadas por GPS (Global Positioning System são afetadas por fatores sistemáticos, resultando em ruídos que comprometem a sua qualidade. É importante que tais ruídos sejam minimizados até que informação possa ser verificada com precisão adequada. Devido a tal fato, o Laboratório de Geodésia Espacial e Hidrografia (LAGEH/UFPR investiu no desenvolvimento de um filtro que estime com melhor precisão o valor da altitude elipsoidal do nível de massas de água, suavizando os dados de plataformas Eulerianas. Foi escolhida a Filtragem Discreta de Kalman (FDK a ser aplicada nos dados de rastreios GPS por meio de boias sob lâminas de água em movimento. Foram realizadas simulações computacionais e testes com dados coletados em campo, possibilitando a interpretação da filtragem. As médias calculadas com os dados pós-filtrados das simulações se mostraram mais acuradas que as originais, enquanto que o seu comportamento permitiu uma interpretação visual mais agradável. Os testes com os dados de campo permitiram uma verificação da minimização dos dados de amplitudes de 3,29 cm para altitudes constantes até 5,63 m para lâminas de água em movimento, melhorando a exatidão da média.

Intervenção Aplicada a um Salão de Beleza para Adequação dos Aspectos Financeiros

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Bruna Fernanda Dias

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O relato técnico tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de intervenções aplicadas nos aspectos financeiros de um salão de beleza, após a realização de uma consultoria na pequena empresa no mês de março em 2016. Foram identificadas dificuldades para apuração do lucro obtido pela organização, resistência para utilização de sistema de informação para controles dos processos e na percepção e formação do preço de venda. Foram realizadas a contabilização das receitas; cálculo da margem de contribuição e do resultado do estabelecimento. A partir do conhecimento do resultado, foi definida uma meta de pró-labore à proprietária, deixando de destinar todo lucro da organização para gastos pessoais. Identificou-se também os valores que podem ser destinados a novos investimentos e futuras necessidades de capital de giro em função da previsão de mudança para uma nova sede. Foi reforçado junto à empresária a importância da utilização de software, tanto para controle efetivo das receitas e despesas, como também para melhoria do do atendimento.

Cinética de formación del Al2O3 en capas de aluminio estudiada mediante mediciones eléctricas

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Oliva, A. I.

2004-08-01

Full Text Available In this work a simple method for monitoring the low temperature oxidation of aluminum thin films, which is based on measurements of electrical resistance using the four-probe technique, is proposed. Kinetic growth data of the aluminum oxide layer, obtained using different values of applied current on as-deposited metallic films is presented. The temperature gradient measured on the films were 2 °C and 9 °C when the corresponding applied currents were 0.1A and 0.2 A. The obtained data show a good agreement with the Cabrera-Mott`s model for low temperature oxidation of metals. From kinetic curves, values of the energy barrier (U and of the electrostatic potential (V were obtained, which are reasonable with the values reported in the literature. The sample with a larger current applied, exhibited a higher oxidation rate due to a thermal effect and by the larger electrostatic potential established across the oxide layer. This simple method can be interesting to monitoring and controlling the oxidation process.En este trabajo se propone un método sencillo para el seguimiento del proceso de oxidación de capas delgadas de aluminio, basado en mediciones de la resistencia eléctrica usando la técnica de cuatro puntas en línea. Se presentan datos de cinética de crecimiento de la capa de óxido de aluminio para dos muestras recién depositadas a las que se aplicaron valores distintos de corriente. Los cambios de temperatura medidos fueron de 2 °C y 9 °C para corrientes aplicadas de 0.1 A y 0.2 A. Los datos muestran buen acuerdo con el modelo de Cabrera-Mott para oxidación de metales en baja temperatura. A partir de las curvas de crecimiento se obtuvieron valores de la barrera de energía (U y del potencial electrostático (V, razonables con los reportados en la literatura. La muestra con mayor corriente aplicada se oxidó más rápido debido al efecto térmico ya que se estableció un mayor potencial electrostático a través de la capa de �

Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

2016-01-01

26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

2009-11-15

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

2009-01-01

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

Efecto del agua aplicada en las relaciones hídricas y productividad de la vid 'Crimson Seedless' Effect of applied water on water relations and productivity of 'Crimson Seedless' table grapes

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Raúl Ferreyra

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Este estudio fue dirigido para evaluar la relación agua-rendimiento en vid de mesa cv. Crimson y establecer valores críticos para las mediciones del estado hídrico de las plantas. Los estudios de campo se desarrollaron durante tres años, en el Valle de Aconcagua, Chile, a 32º47'S y 70º42'O, en un suelo de textura franco arcillosa. Se proporcionaron a las plantas diferentes cantidades de agua de riego entre 40 y 100% de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (Etc. El potencial hídrico xilemático medido a mediodía (psixmin y la conductancia estomática estuvieron estrechamente relacionados con el déficit de agua impuesto y el rendimiento obtenido. Los rendimientos de la vid disminuyeron respecto al agua aplicada en el rango de los tratamientos estudiados. Sesenta por ciento de restricción de la Etc redujo 22% del rendimiento. Cuando la planta mantuvo psixmin mayor que -0,75 MPa entre cuaja y pinta, la producción y los calibres fueron mayores.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between water and production in 'Crimson Seedless' table grapes, and to establish threshold values for plants water status. Field experiments were carried out, during a three-year period, in the Aconcagua Valley, Chile, at 32º47'S and 70º42'W, in a clay-loamy textured soil. Different irrigation water amounts were applied, between 40 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (Etc. Stem water potential measured at midday (psixmin and stomatal conductance were closely related to water shortage and yield obtained. Table grape yields decreased in comparison with applied water within the range of studied treatments. Sixty per cent Etc restriction decreased yields in 22%. When plants maintained psixmin greater than -0.75 MPa, between berry set and veraison, yield and berry size were high.

Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

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Zhang Jing

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

2002-12-01

This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Role of substrate and annealing temperature on the structure of ZnO and Al{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O thin films for solar cell applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nambala, Fred Joe [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Department of Physics, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka (Zambia); Nel, Jacqueline M.; Machatine, Augusto G.J. [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Mwakikunga, Bonex W. [DST/CSIR National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, PO Box 395, Pretoria (South Africa); Njoroge, Eric G. [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Maabong, Kelebogile [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa); Physics Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone (Botswana); Das, Arran G.M. [Monash University, Private Bag X60, Roodepoort 1725 (South Africa); Diale, Mmantsae, E-mail: mmantsae.diale@up.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield 0028 (South Africa)

2016-01-01

This paper reports on the deposition of pure and 5 at% Al doped ZnO (AZO) prepared by sol–gel and applied to the substrates by spin-coating, and the role of annealing temperature on the crystallinity of these layers. It is found that both ZnO and AZO are largely amorphous when coated on glass compared to n-Si(111), as substrates. On both substrates, X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the crystallinity improves as annealing temperature is raised from 200 to 600 °C with better crystallinity on Si substrates. The thickness of the films on substrates was determined as 120 nm by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Specular ultra-violet visible (UV–vis) gives the direct transition optical band gaps (E{sub g}) for AZO as-deposited films are 2.60 and 3.35 eV while that of 600 °C annealed films are 3.00 and 3.60 eV. The E{sub g} calculated from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) UV–vis are more diverse in ZnO- and AZO-Si than the ZnO- and AZO-glass samples, although in both sets the E{sub g} tend to converge after annealing 600 °C. The Raman spectra of samples show multiphonon processes of higher order from the AZO and substrates. It is found that residual stresses are related to E{sub 2} Raman mode.

Gestión de riesgos para la adopción de la computación en nube en entidades financieras de la República Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de los Ángeles López

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las infraestructuras tecnológicas dinámicas, entre ellas la computación en nube, representan una nueva alternativa de tecnología de información disponible para administrar las ac- tividades de las organizaciones, en particular en aquellas que hacen un uso intensivo de la información, como las entidades financieras. Al analizar la utilización de estas arquitecturas es fundamental considerar los nuevos riesgos a los que se expo- nen los entes; esto permite desarrollar estrategias de gestión destinadas a identificarlos, evaluarlos y buscar el modo de minimizar sus efectos. En este sentido son útiles herramientas como la risk breakdown structure (RBS, una estructura de je- rarquización de fuentes de riesgos que simplifica y sistematiza el análisis. En este trabajo se pretende diseñar una RBS para la identificación y descripción jerárquica de las fuentes de ries- gos vinculados a la implementación de la computación en nube en entidades financieras, basándose en la normativa del Banco Central de la República Argentina.

Ion microprobe analysis of metallic pigments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pelicon, P.; Simcic, J.; Budnar, M.; Klanjsek-Gunde, M.; Kunavaer, M.

2001-01-01

Full text: Metallic paints consist of metallic flakes dispersed m a resinous binder, i.e. a light-element polymer matrix. The spatial distribution and orientation of metallic flakes inside the matrix determines the covering efficiency of the paint, glossiness, and its angular-dependent properties such as lightness flop or color flop (two-tone). Such coatings are extensively used for a functional (i.e. security) as well as decorative purpose. The ion microbeam analysis of two types of silver paint with imbedded metallic flake has been performed to test the ability of the ion microbeam spectroscopic methods on this type of samples. The average sizes of the aluminium flakes were 23 (size distribution 10-37) and 49 (size distribution 34-75) micrometers, respectively. The proton beam with the size of 2x2 micrometers at Ljubljana ion microprobe has been used to scan the surface of the pigments. PIXE mapping of Al Kα map shows lateral distribution of the aluminum flakes, whereas the RBS slicing method reveals tomographic image of the flakes in uppermost 5 micrometers of the pigment layer. The flake distribution in the larger layer depths has been accessed by RBS analysis in a point mode. (author)

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

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Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Evaluación de la fractura por fatiga del cigüeñal de un motor Diesel. // Evaluation of the crank shaft fatigue failure of a boat diesel engine.

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R. A. Goytisolo Espinosa

2005-05-01

Full Text Available En el Trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada por el colectivo de Mecánica Aplicada de laFacultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de La Universidad de Cienfuegos, con vistas a esclarecer la causa de la fractura delcigüeñal de uno de los motores de la Moto Nave “Mar del Sur” de le Empresa EQUITALL.La investigación del material del cigüeñal arrojó que se trata de acero 30. Los cálculos realizados demostraron, que lacapacidad resistente de este acero es insuficiente para soportar las tensiones que se desarrollan en el codo de salida delcigüeñal y los factores de seguridad a la fatiga en algunos de los puntos mas críticos del cachete, por donde se produjo lafractura, dan inferiores a la unidad y la aplicación de la Mecánica de la Fractura Subcrítica, confirmó que la Vida Útil delárbol con dicho material, es muy limitada.Palabras claves: Cigüeñal diesel, fractura por fatiga, mecánica de la fractura subcrítica.__________________________________________________________________________Abstract.This research paper shows the results of an investigation carried out by the Applied Mechanics staff of the MechanicalEngineering faculty of the Cienfuegos University. It was developed in order to determine the crankshaft failure causes ofengines of a boat diesel engine.The crankshaft material investigation showed that it was steel grade 30. The calculations showed that the steel resistancecapacity is not enough to support the stresses produced in the crankshaft output elbow. The fatigue security factors in someof the most critical areas of the cheek, where the failure took place, are lower than unity. The subcritical fracture mechanicsapplication confirmed that the shaft working life is quite limited with this steel.Key words: Diesel crankshaft, fatigue fracture, subcritical fracture mechanics.

Fotografias da Lingüística Aplicada no campo de línguas estrangeiras no Brasil

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LOPES Luiz Paulo da Moita

1999-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents photographs of the field of Applied Linguistics (AL in the area of foreign language (FL in Brazil in the last thirty years. The photographs focus on: the increase in the number of AL programmes, most favored dissertation and thesis topics, the foundation of FL teachers' associations and of the Brazilian Association for Applied Linguistics, the Brazilian English for Specific Purpose Project, the main periodicals and books published in the field, and the Brazilian National Parameters for FL Education. By way of conclusion, the paper presents virtual photographs of the area as a way of pointing to what is to come in the future: a multilingual foreign language education policy, the foundation of new AL programmes, research areas to be developed and theoretical and methodological approaches to be favored.

Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

2006-01-01

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaoming

2005-01-01

The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

2001-01-01

Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

2017-12-22

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Métodos de análisis aplicados al estudio de la obra de arte

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Muro García, Carmen

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Not available.La contribución de disciplinas científicas como la química, física, biología, entre otras, al estudio de las obras de arte ha abierto en los últimos tiempos un fecundo campo de investigación, de intercambio y de colaboración interdisciplinar con el objetivo de mejorar el conocimiento y la conservación de nuestro patrimonio. En este artículo se expone con carácter general el papel que crecientemente desempeñan los métodos de análisis aplicados a las obras de arte, sus principales objetivos y funciones y una breve visión de algunas de las diferentes técnicas empleadas. El doble concepto de conocimiento y conservación como objetivo final de la investigación aplicada a este campo nos abre paso a una gran diversidad de funciones concretas que estas técnicas procuran: el estudio de la obra de arte en su etapa original, de sus transformaciones, de su estado de conservación, su cronología, la constatación de su autoría; así como también otros objetivos relacionados con la optimización de las técnicas de intervención y las condiciones de conservación preventiva. Se exponen los objetivos y funciones de algunas de las principales técnicas usadas. Todas ellas ponen a disposición del análisis de la obra de arte un conjunto de informaciones que complementan el tradicional acercamiento a este ámbito de nuestra cultura.

Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

2017-11-01

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

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Ahmad Fawaid

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

La enseñanza del léxico del ELE. Resultados de una encuesta sobre la metodología aplicada en el aula

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Mª Lourdes de Miguel García

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo evalúa la metodología aplicada en el aula relacionada con la enseñanza del léxico español como lengua extranjera. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante encuestas realizadas a personal docente de varias universidades y centros privados españoles. El análisis de los resultados nos indica que solo un tercio del profesorado aplica principios metodológicos sólidos y experimentados. Finalmente, se propone que la tarea de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del léxico sea afrontada de un modo sistemático y planificado. //// This article deals with the methodology applied in the classroom regarding the teaching of the lexis of Spanish as a foreign language. It involved an analysis and evaluation of a number of surveys completed by teaching staff from various universities and private language schools in Spain. Only one third of respondents dealt with the teaching of vocabulary in a planned and structured way. In general sound methodological and practiced principles were not applied in language classes. We conclude by suggesting that a systematic, planned approach is necessary to improve the vocabulary learning process.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Mg{sub 2}Sn heterostructures on Si(111) substrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dózsa, L., E-mail: dozsa@mfa.kfki.hu [Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest Pf, 49 (Hungary); Galkin, N.G. [Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041 (Russian Federation); Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950 (Russian Federation); Pécz, B.; Osváth, Z.; Zolnai, Zs. [Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest Pf, 49 (Hungary); Németh, A. [Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, 1525 Budapest, P.O.B. 49 (Hungary); Galkin, K.N.; Chernev, I.M. [Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041 (Russian Federation); Dotsenko, S.A. [Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., Vladivostok 690041 (Russian Federation); Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690950 (Russian Federation)

2017-05-31

Highlights: • Investigations show that the nanostructures have significant changes during the applied regular experimental investigations. • It is especially true for transmittance electron microscopy, where the investigated layers have to be thinned near to the nanostructure size. • The time order of the applied experimental investigation has a dominant effect on the experimetal results. - Abstract: Thin un-doped and Al doped polycrystalline Mg-stannide films consisting mainly of Mg{sub 2}Sn semiconductor phase have been grown by deposition of Sn-Mg multilayers on Si(111) p-type wafers at room temperature and annealing at 150 °C. Rutherford backscattering measurement spectroscopy (RBS) were used to determine the amount of Mg and Sn in the structures. Raman spectroscopy has shown the layers contain Mg{sub 2}Sn phase. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) measurements have identified Mg{sub 2}Sn nanocrystallites in hexagonal and cubic phases without epitaxial orientation with respect to the Si(111) substrate. Significant oxygen concentration was found in the layer both by RBS and TEM. The electrical measurements have shown laterally homogeneous conductivity in the grown layer. The undoped Mg{sub 2}Sn layers show increasing resistivity with increasing temperature indicating the scattering process dominates the resistance of the layers, i.e. large concentration of point defects was generated in the layer during the growth process. The Al doped layer shows increase of the resistance at low temperature caused by freeze out of free carriers in the Al doped Mg{sub 2}Sn layer. The measurements indicate the necessity of protective layer grown over the Mg{sub 2}Sn layers, and a short time delay between sample preparation and cross sectionalTEM analysis, since the unprotected layer is degraded by the interaction with the ambient.

Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

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Reza Pahlevi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

2017-12-01

Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

Metodologia de Sistemas Flexíveis aplicada a estudos em Ciência da Informação: uma experiência pedagógica

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Sely M.S. Costa

Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve a aplicação da Metodologia de Sistemas Flexíveis - Soft Systems Methodology a um programa de mudança organizacional no Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília. A metodologia em questão foi desenvolvida por Peter Checkland, como alternativa às metodologias de sistemas rígidos, como a pesquisa operacional. Tem sido aplicada nas mais diversificadas situações, entre outras, para projetos relacionados com situações-problema que ocorrem em organizações. Mais recentemente, aplicou-se com freqüência em pesquisas acadêmicas na área de Ciência da Informação, especialmente na Inglaterra, e agora, no Brasil, onde o Soft Systems Methodology foi introduzido como disciplina específica do programa de pós-graduação do Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de Brasília e da orientação de teses e dissertações. Este trabalho discute a Soft Systems Methodology e seus fundamentos, assim como a experiência de seu ensino na pós-graduação e sua aplicação em problemas da Ciência da Informação. A Soft Systems Methodology consiste de sete estágios e faz uso de ferramentas específicas, sendo fundamentada na abordagem sistêmica, na fenomenologia e na Pesquisa-Ação. Este trabalho descreve ainda, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico sobre o Soft Systems Methodology, a organização do conteúdo programático da disciplina, atendendo a alunos de mestrado e doutorado em Ciência da Informação, e a observação sistemática, tanto das percepções dos alunos e suas reações relativas à disciplina durante todo o período letivo, quanto da aplicação da Soft Systems Methodology em situações-problema reais. Incluem-se na discussão as ações desenvolvidas visando melhor interação entre alunos de graduação, bolsistas do PIBIC, e alunos de pós-graduação do citado departamento, cujo perfil educacional e profissional era variado: Engenharia, Ciência da

Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kingsley, L.M.

1980-04-01

Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

Medidas de frecuencia, asociación e impacto en investigación aplicada

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J.A. Mirón Canelo

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En la Sociedad actual del conocimiento y la información es preciso disponer de herramientas básicas para medir los fenómenos epidemiológicos como la enfermedad, la incapacidad o la siniestralidad laboral. Las formas de medir son instrumentos que se deben conocer y aplicar para planificar y tomar decisiones en Salud Pública y en Salud Laboral. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las principales medidas de frecuencia, asociación e impacto utilizadas en investigación aplicada, clínica o de Salud Pública para tratar de medir, valorar y estimar la importancia de los problemas de salud y enfermedades de relacionadas con el trabajo, de los factores de riesgo ocupacionales y otros eventos relacionados con la seguridad e higiene en el trabajo y, en definitiva, con la Salud de los trabajadores. Se describen los conceptos teóricos de las formas de medir en epidemiología, su interpretación y aplicación práctica de los indicadores básicos utilizados en la práctica habitual de los profesionales de las Ciencias de la Salud. Su utilidad fundamental es poder disponer de una información objetiva, fiable y precisa que permita tomar decisiones adecuadas y pertinentes en relación con la prevención, seguridad laboral, atención y rehabilitación de los trabajadores.In the society´current knowledge and information is necessary to have basic tools to measure the epidemic phenomena such as illness, disability or workplace accidents. The ways of measuring are instruments that they must know and apply to plan and take decisions on Public Health and Labour/Occupational Health. The aim of this article is to inform about the most important measures of frequency, association and impact used in applied research, clinical or Public Health to try to measure, to value and estimate the importance of health problems and diseases related work. The occupational risk factors and other events related to safety and healthy working conditions and ultimately