Scanning Cargo Containers with Tagged Neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Viesti, G.; Botosso, C.; Fabris, D.; Lunardon, M.; Moretto, S.; Nebbia, G.; Pesente, S.; Zenoni, A.; Donzella, A.; Perot, B.; Carasco, C.; Bernard, S.; Mariani, A.; Szabo, J.-L.; Sannie, G.; Valkovic, V.; Sudac, D.; Nad, K.; Peerani, P.; Sequeira, V.

2007-01-01

A new Tagged Neutron Inspection System (TNIS) able to detect illicit materials such as explosives and narcotics in cargo containers has been developed within the EURopean Illicit TRAfficing Countermeasures Kit (EURITRACK) project. After the R and D phase, the inspection portal has been installed and commissioned at the Rijeka seaport in Croatia, where it has been operated in connection with the existing X-ray scanner for a first two-month demonstration campaign. Results obtained are presented and discussed in this paper

Instructor/Operator Display Evaluation Methods

Science.gov (United States)

1981-03-01

d. II nec..aory amd cidentify by bl-i k ,br ( HI Ihq .~Ida 9. high? 9.Iii-/iprldU orm i i 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on revere@ aid. If necessary and...stuay scooe, anu summ.inizeu primary stuoy tecnnimques, u.;eu, din inOUt’outULt arainete~rs, SPOCidl CupauiliT-ie𔃽 , ano limii td -imnsa onu ru 126...ouservations in tnis uiscussion) out, on tne otner odnu, it wuulu weaken any tenuency to td <e seriously tne overall performadnce uifference in favor- ol

Fatigue 󈨛. Papers presented at the International Conference on Fatigue and Fatigue Threshold (3rd) Held in Charlottesville, Virginia on June 28-July 3, 1987. Volume 3.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-10-15

rI ONAL 2/6 UNCLASSIFIED P" 4140 fPh ICNlLjG UN rwPLI/6.1 ML. 111111.03128 I2.2 11-1 111112 11.8 IIIJIL25 .4 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL...interval. Tnis strain data was then fitted by ARMA models. The material selected was SAE bolt steel, grade 2. The ultimate strength of this steel is 74 Ksi...2 K. Iwamoto ; JSAE Symp.(1978). 3 H. Kitagawa, T. Satoh and M. Fujimoto ; SAE 850371 (1985) 4 Fujimoto ; JSAE Symp (1985). 5 J. Niizawa, Tomioka,et

Review and Evaluation of Army Aviation Depot NDI (Nondestructive Inspection) and Reliability Centered Maintenance

Science.gov (United States)

1988-08-31

TAILBOOM ATTACH FITTINC UPPER & LOWER RH 2n _3 S C Y J D U R FUELL CELL AFT BULKHEAD PANEl. R/H Ib 54 S C Y J D U R FUEL CELL UPPER OUTBOARD PANEL R/H...in the real world. terns i-n tnis cIass are generally simple (so-called "sg- cell ") components such as tarts wich are subject to metal ’atizue or otner...AH-64 airframe, the automated airframe logbooK, the upgraded RCA data base management system, the ACE/AACE, CFD, PEM , breakout and other programs as

Bangor International/Dow AFB, Maine. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-11-06

temporary site at ground GM1-1l RO-2 Surfac level in ramp area. 6 Apr 60 Located approx 200 ft from corner Same RO-2A 13 ft of old rnwy 33 taxiway and...USAF STAC . 0-14-S( OL A) ............ . . .T... ..O . PORN ... 17- GLCPAL CLIMATOLOGY 9RANCH ArETAC CEILING VERSUS VISIBILITY Alq WEATHEk SERVICL/4AC S...13.1 i ?6 6.. 5918 USAFETAC PORN 0.9.5 (OL.-) PFVIOUS EDITIONS OF TnIS FORM AIRE ORSOLTE Jut 64 GLCRAL CLIMAT0L.i Y 1 ANCH AFE T AC SKYCO E A>4 4ATHER

Rapsist diislikütus : kallis ja tõrjutud / Heiki Raudla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raudla, Heiki, 1975-

2008-01-01

Paldiski Lõunasadamas avatud Biodiesel Paldiski AS tehas loodab tulevikus täisvõimsuse juures toota 100 000 tonni biodiislikütust aastas, praegu eksporditakse kogu toodang peamiselt Lääne-Euroopasse ja Skandinaaviasse. Eesti tarbijale biodiislikütuse tootmist takistab peamiselt tooraine kõrge hind ning vähene nõudlus. Küsimusele vastavad Kai Realo ja Indrek Kaju

Seadusandja peab mõtlema nagu filosoof, aga kirjutama nagu talupoeg / Heiki Raudla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raudla, Heiki, 1949-

2001-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Põhjarannik : Laupäev, 24. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Severnoje Poberezhje: Subbota, 24. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Meie Maa, 24. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Pärnu Postimees, 24. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Võrumaa Teataja, 24. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Hiiu Leht, 27. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Lääne Elu, 27. nov. 2001, lk. 4; Nädaline, 27. nov. 2001, lk. 4; Vooremaa, 27. nov. 2001, lk. 2; Koit, 27. nov. 2001, lk. 6. Kodanikuühiskond saab tõelise arenguvõimaluse alles siis, kui kodanikud osalevad demokraatlikus juhtimises

The Baltic Respublics and the Crisis of 2008-2011 / Rainer Kattel, Ringa Raudla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kattel, Rainer, 1974-

2013-01-01

Artikkel käsitleb majanduslangust aastatel 2008-2011 Baltimaades (sh Eesti) ning toob välja unikaalsed tegurid nende riikide majanduspoliitikas, mis võimaldasid väljuda kriisist, kuid mille radikaalsus ei ole jäljendatav teistes Euroopa riikides. Tabelid, joonised

Kui ei istu, siis pole vaja ka püsti tõusta / Heiki Raudla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raudla, Heiki, 1949-

2004-01-01

Pedagoogist ja vaimulikust August Osvald Westrén-Dollist (1882-1961). Õpetas usuõpetust ja ladina keelt Viljandi Maagümnaasiumis, Viljandi Haridusseltsi Tütarlaste Gümnaasiumis ja kohalikus Saksa Gümnaasiumis

Halduskohtu pädevus : Riigikohtu administratiivosakonna ja halduskolleegiumi praktika aastatel 1919-1940 ja 1992-2009 / Liina Kanger, Marelle Leppik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kanger, Liina, 1983-

2009-01-01

Halduskohtu pädevuse piiritlemine õiguskorras ja teistest kohtuharudest (eraõiguse valdkonnas, kriminaal- ja väärteoasjades, põhiseaduslikkuse järelevalve teostamisel, riigiõiguslikes vaidlustes ja organitüli lahendamisel)

Propaganda ehk "kui sõna ei löö, siis ei löö ka kaigas" / Heiki Raudla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raudla, Heiki, 1949-

2001-01-01

Propaganda kujunemisest läbi ajaloo, erinevatest teooriatest, reeglitest ja võtetest. Propagandaalasest tegevusest Eestis 1924-1940, Riikliku propaganda talituse (RPT) loomisest 27.09.1935 ja selle juhist Edgar Kigastest

Impact of e-liquid flavors on nicotine intake and pharmacology of e-cigarettes.

Science.gov (United States)

St Helen, Gideon; Dempsey, Delia A; Havel, Christopher M; Jacob, Peyton; Benowitz, Neal L

2017-09-01

To describe the effect of e-liquid flavors on nicotine intake and pharmacology of e-cigarettes. 11 males and 3 females participated in a 3-day inpatient crossover study with strawberry, tobacco, and their usual flavor e-liquid. Nicotine levels were nominally 18mg/mL in the strawberry (pH 8.29) and tobacco (pH 9.10) e-liquids and ranged between 3-18mg/mL in the usual brands (mean pH 6.80). Each day consisted of a 15-puff session followed by 4h of abstinence, then 90min of ad libitum use. Subjects used a KangerTech mini ProTank 3. After 15 puffs, the amount of nicotine inhaled and systemically retained were not significantly different between the strawberry and tobacco e-liquids but plasma AUC (0 → 180) was significantly higher with the strawberry e-liquid. While not significantly different, C max was 22% higher and various early time point AUCs to measure rate of rise of nicotine in blood ranged between 17 and 23% higher with the strawberry e-liquid compared to the tobacco e-liquid. During ad libitum use, systemic exposure to nicotine (AUC (0 → 90) ) was the same for the tobacco and usual brand e-liquids but were both significantly lower than after using the strawberry e-liquid. The usual flavors were more liked and satisfying than the strawberry and tobacco e-liquids. Flavors influence nicotine exposure through flavor liking, may affect rate of nicotine absorption possibly through pH effects, and contribute to heart rate acceleration and subjective effects of e-cigarettes. E-cigarette users titrate their nicotine exposure but the extent of titration may vary across flavors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electron transfer driven decomposition of adenine and selected analogs as probed by experimental and theoretical methods

Science.gov (United States)

Cunha, T.; Mendes, M.; Ferreira da Silva, F.; Eden, S.; García, G.; Bacchus-Montabonel, M.-C.; Limão-Vieira, P.

2018-04-01

We report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of electron-transfer-induced decomposition of adenine (Ad) and a selection of analog molecules in collisions with potassium (K) atoms. Time-of-flight negative ion mass spectra have been obtained in a wide collision energy range (6-68 eV in the centre-of-mass frame), providing a comprehensive investigation of the fragmentation patterns of purine (Pu), adenine (Ad), 9-methyl adenine (9-mAd), 6-dimethyl adenine (6-dimAd), and 2-D adenine (2-DAd). Following our recent communication about selective hydrogen loss from the transient negative ions (TNIs) produced in these collisions [T. Cunha et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148, 021101 (2018)], this work focuses on the production of smaller fragment anions. In the low-energy part of the present range, several dissociation channels that are accessible in free electron attachment experiments are absent from the present mass spectra, notably NH2 loss from adenine and 9-methyl adenine. This can be understood in terms of a relatively long transit time of the K+ cation in the vicinity of the TNI tending to enhance the likelihood of intramolecular electron transfer. In this case, the excess energy can be redistributed through the available degrees of freedom inhibiting fragmentation pathways. Ab initio theoretical calculations were performed for 9-methyl adenine (9-mAd) and adenine (Ad) in the presence of a potassium atom and provided a strong basis for the assignment of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals accessed in the collision process.

An Electronic Cigarette Vaping Machine for the Characterization of Aerosol Delivery and Composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Havel, Christopher M; Benowitz, Neal L; Jacob, Peyton; St Helen, Gideon

2017-10-01

Characterization of aerosols generated by electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is one method used to evaluate the safety of e-cigarettes. While some researchers have modified smoking machines for e-cigarette aerosol generation, these machines are either not readily available, not automated for e-cigarette testing or have not been adequately described. The objective of this study was to build an e-cigarette vaping machine that can be used to test, under standard conditions, e-liquid aerosolization and nicotine and toxicant delivery. The vaping machine was assembled from commercially available parts, including a puff controller, vacuum pump, power supply, switch to control current flow to the atomizer, three-way value to direct air flow to the atomizer, and three gas dispersion tubes for aerosol trapping. To validate and illustrate its use, the variation in aerosol generation was assessed within and between KangerTech Mini ProTank 3 clearomizers, and the effect of voltage on aerosolization and toxic aldehyde generation were assessed. When using one ProTank 3 clearomizer and different e-liquid flavors, the coefficient of variation (CV) of aerosol generated ranged between 11.5% and 19.3%. The variation in aerosol generated between ProTank 3 clearomizers with different e-liquid flavors and voltage settings ranged between 8.3% and 16.3% CV. Aerosol generation increased linearly at 3-6V across e-liquids and clearomizer brands. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde generation increased markedly at voltages at or above 5V. The vaping machine that we describe reproducibly aerosolizes e-liquids from e-cigarette atomizers under controlled conditions and is useful for testing of nicotine and toxicant delivery. This study describes an electronic cigarette vaping machine that was assembled from commercially available parts. The vaping machine can be replicated by researchers and used under standard conditions to generate e-cigarette aerosols and characterize nicotine and

Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

St Helen, Gideon; Shahid, Marian; Chu, Sherman; Benowitz, Neal L

2018-05-31

The primary objective of this pilot study was to describe the impact of e-cigarette liquid flavors on experienced e-cigarette users' vaping behavior. 11 males and 3 females participated in a 3-day inpatient crossover study using e-cigarettes with strawberry, tobacco, and their usual brand e-liquid. Nicotine levels were nominally 18 mg/mL in the strawberry and tobacco e-liquids and ranged between 3-18 mg/mL in the usual brands. On each day, participants had access to the study e-cigarette (KangerTech mini ProTank 3, 1.5 Ohms, 3.7 V) and the assigned e-liquid during a 90-minute videotaped ad libitum session. Average puff duration was significantly longer when using the strawberry e-liquid (3.2 ± 1.3 s, mean ± SD) compared to the tobacco e-liquid (2.8 ± 1.1 s) but the average number of puffs was not significantly different (strawberry, 73 ± 35; tobacco, 69 ± 46). Compared to the strawberry- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids, average puff duration was significantly longer (4.3 ± 1.6 s) and the average number of puffs was significantly higher (106 ± 67 puffs) when participants used their usual brand of e-liquid. Participants generally puffed more frequently in small groups of puffs (1-5 puffs) with the strawberry compared to the tobacco e-liquid and more frequently in larger groups (>10 puffs) with their usual brand. The strength of the relationship between vaping topography and nicotine intake and exposure were not consistent across e-liquids. Vaping behavior changes across e-liquids and influences nicotine intake. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms that underlie these behavioral changes, including e-liquid pH and related sensory effects, subjective liking, and nicotine effects. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Intuitions and Competence in Formal Semantics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Stokhof

2010-12-01

€˜Montague Grammar, Mental Representation, and Reality’. In S. Ohman & S. Kanger (eds. ‘Philosophy and Grammar’, 59–78. Dordrecht: Reidel.Partee, Barbara H. 1988. ‘Semantic Facts and Psychological Facts’. Mind and Language 3: 43–52.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.1988.tb00132.xStokhof, Martin. 2007. ‘Hand or Hammer? On Formal and Natural Languages in Semantics’. Journal of Indian Philosophy 35, no. 5: 597–626.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-007-9023-7Stokhof, Martin & van Lambalgen, Michiel. 2011a. ‘Abstraction and Idealisation: The Construction of Modern Linguistics’. Theoretical Linguistics 37, no. 1–2: 1–26.http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/THLI.2011.001Stokhof, Martin & van Lambalgen, Michiel. 2011b. ‘Comments–to–Comments’. Theoretical Linguistics 37, no. 1–2: 79–94.http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/THLI.2011.008Thomason, Richmond H. 1974. ‘Introduction’. In Richmond H. Thomason (ed. ‘Formal Philosophy. Selected papers of Richard Montague.’, 1–71. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Weinberg, Jonathan M., Gonnerman, Chad, Buckner, Cameron & Alexander, Joshua. 2010. ‘Are Philosophers Expert Intuiters?’ Philosophical Psychology 23, no. 3: 331–55.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2010.490944

Formal Semantics: Origins, Issues, Early Impact

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barbara H. Partee

2010-12-01

Linguistics Wars. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Heim, I. 1982. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases. Ph.D. thesis, University of Massachusetts. Published 1989, New York: Garland. http://newstar.rinet.ru/~goga/biblio/heim (djvu or http://semanticsarchive.net/Archive/Tk0ZmYyY/ (very large PDF file.Heim, I. & Kratzer, A. 1998. Semantics in Generative Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.https://udrive.oit.umass.edu/partee/Semantics_Readings/Heim%26Kratzer.pdf.Hintikka, J. 1973. ‘Carnap’s heritage in logical semantics’. Synthese 25: 372–397.Hintikka, K. J. J. 1962. Knowledge and Belief. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Hintikka, K. J. J., Moravcsik, J. & Suppes, P. (eds.. 1973. Approaches to Natural Language. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Hodges, W. 1998. ‘Compositionality is not the problem’. Logic and Logical Philosophy 6:7–33. http://www.logika.umk.pl/llp/06/hodges.pdf.Hodges, W. 2001. ‘Formal Features of Compositionality’. Journal of Logic, Language and Information 10: 7–28.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026502210492Huck, G. J. & Goldsmith, J. A. 1995. Ideology and Linguistic Theory: Noam Chomsky and the Deep Structure Debates. London: Routledge.Jackendoff, R. 1972. Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Jacobson, P. 1999. ‘Towards a variable-free semantics’. Linguistics and Philosophy 22: 117–184.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005464228727Janssen, T. M. V. 1983. Foundations and Applications of Montague Grammar. Amsterdam: Mathematisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam.Kalish, D. & Montague, R. 1964. Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.Kalish, D., Montague, R., Mar, G. & Fogelin, R. J. 1980. Logic : Techniques of Formal Reasoning. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Kanger, S. 1957a. ‘The Morning Star Paradox’. Theoria 23: 1–11.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1957.tb00263.xKanger, S. 1957b. ‘A note on quantification and