Investigation of low spin resonances in the 12C+12C and 16O+12C systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uzureau, J.L.; Fieni, J.M.; Cocu, F.; Michaudon, A.

1979-01-01

The excitation functions of the 12 C( 12 C,α) 20 Ne and 12 C( 16 O,α) 24 Mg reactions were measured at different angles below the Coulomb barrier. Resonant structures were found at Esub(cm)=5.80 MeV in the 12 C+ 12 C system and at Esub(cm)=6.10 MeV in the 16 O+ 12 C system. From the analysis of angular distributions measured at the previous resonant energies, values of respectively Jsup(π)=0 + and 2 + have been deduced [fr

Excitation functions of inelastic and transfer channels in {sup 12} C+{sup 12} C around E{sub c.m.} = 32.5 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szilner, S.; Basrak, Z.; Freeman, R.M.; Haas, F.; Beck, C. [Strasbourg-1 Univ., 67 (France). Centre de Recherches Nucleaires]|[Strasbourg-1 Univ., 67 (France); Morsad, A. [Universite Hassan II, Casablanca (Morocco). Faculte des Sciences

1996-12-31

A prominent and wide resonance centered at E{sub c.m.} = 32.5 MeV has recently been found in the (0{sub 2}{sup +}, 0{sub 2}{sup +}) inelastic channel of the {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C reaction. It has been suggested that it corresponds to a 6{alpha}-particle-chain state in {sup 24}Mg. In the present work we study {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C excitation functions between center-of-mass energies of 30 and 35 MeV in steps of 250 keV for weakly populated outgoing channels. We present the inelastic channels to the states above the {alpha}-particle decay threshold, (0{sub 1}{sup +},0{sub 2}{sup +}), (0{sub 1}{sup +},3{sub 1}{sup -}), and (0{sub 1}{sup +},4{sub 1}{sup 4}), and the one- and two-nucleon transfer channels. In the inelastic and the transfer channels we observe correlated intermediate-width structures at E{sub c.m.} = 31, 32.5, and 33.5 MeV, whose widths are appreciably smaller than the width measured in the (0{sub 2}{sup +},0{sub 2}{sup +}) channel. Our E{sub c.m.} = 31, 32.5, and 33.5 MeV, whose widths are appreciably smaller than the width measured in the (0{sub 2}{sup +},0{sub 2}{sup +}) channel. Our E{sub c.m.} = 32.5 MeV angular distribution of the (0{sub 1}{sup +},0{sub 2}{sup +})channel exhibits oscillatory behavior and, unlike that of the (0{sup +}{sub 2}, 0{sup +}{sub 2}) channel, does not display enhancement around {Theta}{sub c.m.} = 90 deg. Data were collected via the kinematic coincidence technique. For data reduction we use a novel approach allowing for the extraction of results on non-binary channels. (authors). 39 refs.

Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. F. Weiss

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs: decafluorobutane (C4F10, dodecafluoropentane (C5F12, tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14, hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16 and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18. Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 36 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.17 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012 for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.27 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 6% of the total anthropogenic PFC radiative forcing (Montzka and Reimann, 2011; Oram et al., 2012. The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the late 1990s peaking at 6.2 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015 per year (yr for C4F10, at 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C5F12 and 16.6 ppq yr−1 for C6F14 and in the early 1990s for C7F16 at 4.7 ppq yr−1 and in the mid 1990s for C8F18 at 4.8 ppq yr−1. The 2011 globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs are subsequently lower at 2.2 ppq yr−1 for C4F10, 1.4 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.4 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 0.9 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The more recent slowdown in the growth rates suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s.

Fourier spectroscopy of the 12C2, 13C2, and 12C13C (0-0) swan bands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amiot, C.

1983-01-01

The (0-0) band of the C 2 Swan electronic system d 3 Pi/sub g/→a 3 Pi/sub u/ has been recorded by Fourier spectroscopy. The three isotopes species 12 C 2 , 13 C 2 , and 12 C 13 C were investigated. The observed wavenumbers were reduced to molecular parameters using a nonlinear least-square fitting procedure. Well-known perturbations at N' = 47 and N' = 51 again observed in the e 12 C 2 d 3 Pi/sub g/ (v = 0) level. Perturbations of the same kind are present in the 13 C 2 spectrum at N' = 34 and N' = 44,48,52. The 12 C 13 C spectrum exhibits in the observed spectral range a unique perturbation for N' = 41

Differential cross section measurement of elastic scattering 12C(p,p)12C in the astrophysical range of energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baktibayev, M.K.; Burminskii, V.P.; Burtebaev, N.; Dzazairov -Kakhramanov, V.; Hassan, S.F.; Satpaev, N.K.; Zazulin, D.M.

2004-01-01

Full text: The fulfillment of planned works on measurements of differential cross sections of elastic scattering of protons on nuclear 12 C at the energy region of 350†1050 keV suggests the preparation of thin self - supporting carbon target. The self - supporting target is necessary in order to perform investigations in the total angular range. In the future last data will be used in order to determine optical potentials and scattering phases for this nuclear in the energy range of astrophysical interest. There was prepared target layer of the 12 C with natural composition of carbon and of thickness of 17.4 μg/cm 2 . The spraying was conducted in the vacuum evaporation installation (VUP - 4) by an electron bombardment method. Carbon was sprayed on a glass plate with previously deposited of layer salt. After a heating during 12 hours at the temperature of 150 o C the film of carbon was floated from glass plate and self - supporting target has been picked up on the specially prepared target frame. In order to determine thickness of target there was used the resonance chamber, installed in the protons channel of the accelerator RAC - 2 - 1 (INP NNC RK), with the help of which there was measured energy loss of the protons beam during the passage through target, disposed in the central chamber. For this purpose there was used the reaction 27 Al(p,γ) 28 Si with narrow resonance with E R = 992 keV and with detection of gamma-quanta with E γ = 1779 keV. On shift of the resonance E R =992 keV in the reaction 27 Al(p,γ) 28 Si, which takes place owing to protons energy loss in the thickness of carbon film, and using table values of brake quantities S(E p )[MeV·cm 2 /g] [1], there was determined thickness of this fine film. Such the method allows to determine thicknesses of films in the interval of (10 † 100) mcg/cm 2 with the accuracy of not worse than 5%. In the present work there were carried out measurements of angular distributions of cross sections of the

Thermochemistry analyses for transformation of C6 glucose compound into C9, C12 and C15 alkanes using density functional theory

Science.gov (United States)

Verma, Anand Mohan; Kishore, Nanda

2017-02-01

The hydrolysis of cellulose fraction of biomass yields C6 glucose which further can be transformed into long-chain hydrocarbons by C-C coupling. In this study, C6 glucose is transformed into three chain alkanes, namely, C9, C12 and C15 using C-C coupling reactions under the gas and aqueous phase milieus. The geometry optimisation and vibrational frequency calculations are carried out at well-known hybrid-GGA functional, B3LYP with the basis set of 6-31+g(d,p) under the density functional theory framework. The single point energetics are calculated at M05-2X/6-311+g(3df,2p) level of theory. All thermochemical properties are calculated over a wide range of temperature between 300 and 900 K at an interval of 100 K. The thermochemistry suggested that the aqueous phase behaviour is suitable for the hydrolysis of sugar into long-chain alkanes compared to gas-phase environment. The hydrodeoxygenation reactions under each reaction pathway are found as most favourable reactions in both phases; however, aqueous phase dominates over gas phase in all discussed thermodynamic parameters.

Synthetic Swan band profile of (1,0) of 12C12C and (0,0) of 12C12C and 12C13C in comets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swamy, K.S.K.

1987-01-01

The statistical equilibrium calculations of the 12 C 13 C molecule based on the resonance fluorescence process give similar results to those of the normal molecule. Therefore the assumption that the observed intensities of bands of the normal and the isotopic molecule differ only by their abundance ratio is reasonable. The synthetic profile of the (1,0) Swan band of 12 C 13 C (0,0) band of 12 C 12 C and 12 C 13 C have been calculated. The relative merits of using the rotational structure of the (1,0) or (0,0) band for the determination of the isotopic ratio 12 C/ 13 C is discussed briefly. (author)

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater at low temperatures (0-5 degrees C) and bacterial communities associated with degradation.

Science.gov (United States)

Brakstad, Odd G; Bonaunet, Kristin

2006-02-01

In this study biodegradation of hydrocarbons in thin oil films was investigated in seawater at low temperatures, 0 and 5 degrees C. Heterotrophic (HM) or oil-degrading (ODM) microorganisms enriched at the two temperatures showed 16S rRNA sequence similarities to several bacteria of Arctic or Antarctic origin. Biodegradation experiments were conducted with a crude mineral oil immobilized as thin films on hydrophobic Fluortex adsorbents in nutrient-enriched or sterile seawater. Chemical and respirometric analysis of hydrocarbon depletion showed that naphthalene and other small aromatic hydrocarbons (HCs) were primarily biodegraded after dissolution to the water phase, while biodegradation of larger polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and C(10)-C(36) n-alkanes, including n-hexadecane, was associated primarily with the oil films. Biodegradation of PAH and n-alkanes was significant at both 0 and 5 degrees C, but was decreased for several compounds at the lower temperature. n-Hexadecane biodegradation at the two temperatures was comparable at the end of the experiments, but was delayed at 0 degree C. Investigations of bacterial communities in seawater and on adsorbents by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments and DGGE analysis indicated that predominant bacteria in the seawater gradually adhered to the oil-coated adsorbents during biodegradation at both temperatures. Sequence analysis of most DGGE bands aligned to members of the phyla Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) or Bacteroidetes. Most sequences from experiments at 0 degree C revealed affiliations to members of Arctic or Antarctic consortia, while no such homology was detected for sequences from degradation experiment run at 5 degrees C. In conclusion, marine microbial communities from cold seawater have potentials for oil film HC degradation at temperatures < or =5 degrees C, and psychrotrophic or psychrophilic bacteria may play an important role during oil HC biodegradation in seawater close to freezing

Impact of bacterial and fungal processes on {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adetutu, Eric M.; Ball, Andy S. [School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 (Australia); Weber, John; Aleer, Samuel; Dandie, Catherine E. [Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095 (Australia); Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095 (Australia); Juhasz, Albert L., E-mail: Albert.Juhasz@unisa.edu.au [Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095 (Australia); Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia, 5095 (Australia)

2012-01-01

In this study, the impact of bacterial and fungal processes on {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation was investigated in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The extent of {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation varied depending on the bioremediation strategy employed. Under enhanced natural attenuation conditions, {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation after 98 days was 8.5 {+-} 3.7% compared to < 1.2% without nitrogen and phosphorus additions. {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation was further enhanced through Tween 80 amendments (28.9 {+-} 2.4%) which also promoted the growth of a Phanerochaete chyrsosporium fungal mat. Although fungal growth in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil could be promoted through supplementing additional carbon sources (Tween 80, sawdust, compost, pea straw), fungal {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation was negligible when sodium azide was added to soil microcosms to inhibit bacterial activity. In contrast, when fungal activity was inhibited through nystatin additions, {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation ranged from 6.5 {+-} 0.2 to 35.8 {+-} 3.8% after 98 days depending on the supplied amendment. Bacteria inhibition with sodium azide resulted in a reduction in bacterial diversity (33-37%) compared to microcosms supplemented with nystatin or microcosms without inhibitory supplements. However, alkB bacterial groups were undetected in sodium azide supplemented microcosms, highlighting the important role of this bacterial group in {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The roles of different microbial groups in hydrocarbon mineralisation was assessed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Inhibiting fungal growth did not affect {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Inhibiting bacterial growth resulted in negligible {sup 14}C-hexadecane mineralisation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer alkB bacterial groups were undetected in sodium azide supplemented microcosms. Black

Synthesis of metal-adeninate frameworks with high separation capacity on C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He, Yan-Ping, E-mail: hyp041@163.com [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Zhou, Nan [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China); Hunan GuangYi Experimental Middle School, Changsha, Hunan 410014 (China); Tan, Yan-Xi; Wang, Fei; Zhang, Jian [State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)

2016-06-15

By introducing isophthalic acid or 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid to assemble with adenine and cadmium salt, two isostructural and anionic porous metal-organic frameworks (1 and 2) possessing the novel (4,8)-connected sqc topology are presented here. 1 shows permanent porosity with Langmuir surface area of 770.1 m{sup 2}/g and exhibits high separation capacity on C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons. - Graphical abstract: The assembly between isophthalic acid, adenine ligands and Cd{sup 2+} ions leads to an anionic porous metal-organic frameworks, which shows permanent porosity and exhibits high C{sub 2}/C{sub 1} hydrocarbons separation capacity. Display Omitted.

Molecular resonances in sub-Coulomb energy region (12C-12C, 12C-24Mg, 12C-9Be systems)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takimoto, Kiyohiko; Shimomura, Susumu; Tanaka, Makoto; Murakami, Tetsuya; Fukada, Mamoru; Sakaguchi, Atsushi

1982-01-01

Molecular resonance in sub-Coulomb energy region was studied on 12 C- 12 C, 12 C- 24 Mg and 12 C- 9 Be systems. The excitation functions and the angular distributions were measured on the reactions 12 C( 12 C, 8 Besub(g,s,)) 16 Osub(g,s,), 24 Mg( 12 C, α) 32 S and 9 Be ( 12 C, 8 Besub(g,s,)) 13 Csub(g,s,). Sub-Coulomb resonances were observed in all systems and the contribution of the 12 Csub(2nd)*(0 + , 7.65 MeV) state is proposed. (author)

Dielectron production in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C collisions at 1 GeV per nucleon; Dielektronenproduktion in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C Kollisionen bei 1 GeV pro Nukleon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pachmayer, Yvonne C.

2008-08-22

This thesis contains the experimental results on dielectron production in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C collisions at 1 GeV/u recorded with HADES. Within this work, the analysis is demonstrated, showing that leptons are efficiently reconstructed and hadrons very well discriminated. The described pair analysis shows that the combinatorial background is successfully reduced and the amount of true electron-positron pairs is not decreased. After subtracting the combinatorial background, the efficiency-corrected and normalized invariant-mass, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of the dileptons are investigated. In the invariant-mass region 0.2-0.6 GeV/c{sup 2} the measured pair yield shows a strong excess above the contribution expected from hadron decays after freeze-out according to predictions. Together with the results obtained in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C at 2 GeV/u it becomes evident that the overshoot of the data increases with decreasing beam energy. A detailed analysis shows that the beam energy dependence of the excess yield, i.e. the pair yield above the known eta contribution, integrated over the 0.15-0.5 GeV/c{sup 2} mass range, scales like pion production. (orig.)

Application of inverse kinematics to [sup 1]H+[sup 23]Na[yields][sup 12]C+[sup 12]C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bennett, S.J. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Clarke, N.M. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Freer, M. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Fulton, B.R. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Hall, S.J. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Karban, O. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Murgatroyd, J.T. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Tungate, G. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Gyapong, G.J. (Dept. of Physics, York Univ. (United Kingdom)); Jarvis, N.S. (Dept. of Physics, York Univ. (United Kingdom)); Watson, D.L. (Dept. of Physics, York Univ. (United Kingdom)); Rae, W.D.M. (Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom)); Smith, A.E. (Dept. of Nuclear; Charissa Collaboration

1993-08-15

Some experimental techniques used in the measurement and analysis of inverse kinematic reactions are described and applied to a kinematically complete study of the [sup 1]H([sup 23]Na, [sup 12]C)[sup 12]C reaction at an incident energy of 180 MeV. An excitation function is obtained for the energy range of 18.5 to 19.2 MeV in [sup 24]Mg*; equivalent to proton energies from 7.1 MeV to 7.8 MeV for the [sup 23]Na(p, [sup 12]C)[sup 12]C reaction. (orig.)

Creep constitutive equations for a 0.5Cr 0.5 Mo 0.25V ferritic steel in the temperature range 565 deg. C-675 deg. C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mustata, R.; Hayhurst, D.R.

2005-01-01

A two damage state variable model is used to describe the softening mechanisms, damage initiation and growth for a low alloy ferritic steel 1/2Cr-1/2Mo-1/4V at 565 and 590 deg. C within the Continuum Damage Mechanics framework. The level of complexity of the constitutive equations and the degree of coupling through damage is high and it is difficult to calibrate values of the constitutive constants without recourse to optimisation techniques. A methodology for the analysis of uni-axial experimental data, coupled with a traditional gradient-based optimisation technique, is presented for the unique determination of the constitutive constants. Two sets of experimental data on parent material are used for inversion purposes: at 565 deg. C, c.f. Cane [Cane BJ. Collaborative programme on the corelation of test data for high temperature design of welded steam pipes. Presentation and analysis of the material data. Note No. RD/L/2101N81, March, CEGB Laboratory; 1981]; and, at 590 deg. C, c.f. Miller [Miller DA. Private communication: 'Creep rupture testing of Cr M V pipe steel. ERA Project 63-01-040320009'. Barnwood, Gloucs, UK: British Energy; 2000]. The variation of the constitutive parameters with temperature in the range 565-590 deg. C has been deduced by considering the values of constitutive parameters for the same alloy deduced by Perrin and Hayhurst [Perrin IJ, Hayhurst DR. Creep constitutive equations for a 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.25V ferritic steel in the temperature range 600-675 deg. C. J Strain Anal 1996;31:299-314] in the temperature range 620-675 deg. C

The reaction 12C + 12C at bombarding energies from 5 to 10 MeV per nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morsad, A.

1986-01-01

The reaction 12 C + 12 C has been studied for energies ranging from E LAB = 60 to 120 MeV. The excitation functions and angular distributions were obtained for the elastic (0 + , 0 + ) and inelastic (2 + , 0 + ), (2 + , 2 + ) channels as well as for the transfer channels of one and two nucleons. For the transfer reactions, the feeding of the final bound states was very selective. Narrow correlated structures were found in the transfer and especially in the elastic and inelastic channels. In this energy range, there appears to be a transition from surface transparency to interference phenomena. The optical model in its simplest form is unable to describe the elastic scattering at large angles. This has been interpreted as a consequence of the coupling between the elastic and inelastic channels which is particularly strong of these energies. 80 refs [fr

Excitation functions of the systems 12C+14C and 13C+12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haindl, E.

1975-01-01

The excitation functions of the systems 12 C+ 14 C and 13 C+ 12 C are investigated for different exit channels. The excitation functions measured do not show correlated structures as in the system 12 C+ 12 C. (WL/AK) [de

Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Gasoil Range Hydrocarbon Production by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Biofuel from vegetable oil becomes one of the most suitable and logical alternatives to replace fossil fuel. The research focused on various metal ratio Zinc/Molybdenum/HZSM-5 (Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbon via catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba penandra oil. The catalytic hydrocracking process has been applied in this study to crack Ceiba pentandra oil into a gasoil range hydrocarbon using Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 as a catalyst. The effect of various reaction temperature on the catalytic hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra oil were studied. The Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. This process used slurry pressure batch reactor with a mechanical stirrer. A series of experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 300-400 oC for 2 h at pressure between 10-15 bar. The conversion and selectivity were estimated. The liquid hydrocarbon product were identified to gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil. The results show that the use of Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 can produce gas oil as the most component in the product. Overall, the highest conversion and selectivity of gas oil range hydrocarbon was obtained when the ZnMo/HZSM-5 metal ratio was Zn(2.86 wt.%-Mo(5.32 wt.%/HZSM-5 and the name is Zn-Mo/HZSM-5_102. The highest conversion was obtained at 63.31 % and n-paraffin (gas oil range selectivity was obtained at 90.75 % at a temperature of 400 oC. Ceiba pentandra oil can be recommended as the source of inedible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 8th September 2017; Revised: 9th September 2017; Accepted: 17th September 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018 How to Cite: Mirzayanti, Y.W., Kurniawansyah, F., Prajitno, D.H., Roesyadi, A. (2018. Zn-Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Gasoil Range Hydrocarbon Production by Catalytic Hydrocracking of Ceiba pentandra

Dielectron production in 12C+12C collisions at 1 GeV per nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pachmayer, Yvonne C.

2008-01-01

This thesis contains the experimental results on dielectron production in 12 C+ 12 C collisions at 1 GeV/u recorded with HADES. Within this work, the analysis is demonstrated, showing that leptons are efficiently reconstructed and hadrons very well discriminated. The described pair analysis shows that the combinatorial background is successfully reduced and the amount of true electron-positron pairs is not decreased. After subtracting the combinatorial background, the efficiency-corrected and normalized invariant-mass, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of the dileptons are investigated. In the invariant-mass region 0.2-0.6 GeV/c 2 the measured pair yield shows a strong excess above the contribution expected from hadron decays after freeze-out according to predictions. Together with the results obtained in 12 C+ 12 C at 2 GeV/u it becomes evident that the overshoot of the data increases with decreasing beam energy. A detailed analysis shows that the beam energy dependence of the excess yield, i.e. the pair yield above the known eta contribution, integrated over the 0.15-0.5 GeV/c 2 mass range, scales like pion production. (orig.)

Nano-jewellery: C5Au12--a gold-plated diamond at molecular level.

Science.gov (United States)

Naumkin, F

2006-06-07

A mixed carbon-metal cluster is designed by combining the tetrahedral C(5) radical (with a central atom-the skeleton of the C(5)H(12) molecule) and the spherical Au(12) layer (the external atomic shell of the Au(13) cluster). The C(5)Au(12) cluster and its negative and positive ionic derivatives, C(5)Au(12)(+/-), are investigated ab initio (DFT) in terms of optimized structures and relative energies of a few spin-states, for the icosahedral-like and octahedral-like isomers. The cluster is predicted to be generally more stable in its octahedral shape (similar to C(5)H(12)) which prevails for the negative ion and may compete with the icosahedral shape for the neutral system and positive ion. Adiabatic ionization energies (AIE) and electron affinities (AEA) of C(5)Au(12), vertical electron-detachment (VDE) energies of C(5)Au(12)(-), and vertical ionization and electron-attachment energies (VIE, VEA) of C(5)Au(12) are calculated as well, and compared with those for the corresponding isomers of the Au(13) cluster. The AIE and VIE values are found to be close for the two systems, while the AEA and VDE values are significantly reduced for the radical-based species. A simple fragment-based model is proposed for the decomposition of the total interaction into carbon-gold and gold-gold components.

One-pot synthesis of 4,8-dibromobenzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole.

Science.gov (United States)

Tam, Teck Lip; Li, Hairong; Wei, Fengxia; Tan, Ke Jie; Kloc, Christian; Lam, Yeng Ming; Mhaisalkar, Subodh G; Grimsdale, Andrew C

2010-08-06

A one-step synthesis of 4,8-dibromobenzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole with use of 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrobromide and thionyl bromide in good yield is reported. This unit can then be used in the synthesis of low bandgap materials via palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. The approach offers a quick and easy way to prepare low bandgap materials as compared to the current literature methods.

Microscopic investigation of the 12C + 12C interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baye, D.; Pecher, N.; Brussels Univ.

1982-01-01

The 12 C + 12 C system is studied in the framework of the generator coordinate method. Each 12 C nucleus is described by a closed psub(3/2) subshell. Phase shifts and resonances are determined for several effective two-body interactions involving a spin-orbit term. The existence and properties of simple local equivalent potentials for the 12 C + 12 C collision are discussed. The 12 C + 12 C system is too light to be well described by potentials independent of the angular momentum or weakly dependent on it. (orig.)

Cross sections for 12C+12C→12C(0+2)+12C(g.s.) using breathing mode doorways

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, M.U.; Beres, W.P.

1982-01-01

A previously derived projection operator method is applied to the calculation of the cross section for 12 C+ 12 C→ 12 C(0 + 2 )+ 12 C(g.s.) with a breathing mode model being used to describe the 0 + 2 (7.68 MeV) state of 12 C. The relationship to processes leading to alpha particle channels is discussed. The cross section for 12 C+ 12 C→ 12 C(3 - )+ 12 C(g.s.) is also calculated and possible correlations with inelastic scattering to the 0 + 2 and 2 + states of 12 C are discussed. The results for both 0 + 2 and 3 - inelastic scattering are in reasonable agreement with experiment

Absolute cross sections measurement for the 12C + 12C system at astrophysically relevant energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barron-Palos, L.; Aguilera, E.F.; Aspiazu, J.; Huerta, A.; Martinez-Quiroz, E.; Monroy, R.; Moreno, E.; Murillo, G.; Ortiz, M.E.; Policroniades, R.; Varela, A.; Chavez, E.

2006-01-01

The 12 C + 12 C fusion reaction has been studied in the center-of-mass energy range of 2.25 to 6.01 MeV. Through the detection of gamma rays from the first excited states of the residual nuclei 20 Ne, 23 Na and 23 Mg, absolute cross sections for the 12 C( 12 C,-bar α), 12 C( 12 C,-bar p) and 12 C( 12 C,-bar n) reactions have been obtained. In this new measurement, the energy dependence of the S-factor is found to increase as the energy decreases below 3 MeV in the center of mass. This tendency was observed in previous measurements by Mazarakis et al., and has since then become a subject of controversy. In this work, where the cross sections are measured at even lower energies, we confirm the rise in the S-factor toward the energy region relevant for star evolution and nucleosynthesis calculations (E c.m. =1-3 MeV)

Catalysis by mixed oxide perovskites. II. The hydrogenolysis of C/sub 3/-C/sub 5/ hydrocarbons on LaCoO/sub 3/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichimura, K; Inoue, Y; Yasumori, I

1981-06-01

The catalytic hydrogenolysis of C/sub 3/ to C/sub 5/ alkanes on LaCoO/sub 3/ perovskite oxide was found to show a highly selective formation of methane in the temperature range of 350 to 620 K. The reaction order with respect to the hydrocarbon pressure was unity in every hydrogenolysis, whereas, the hydrogen order increased from zero for propane to 1.0 for butane and isobutane and to 2.0 for pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. The activation energies of the reactions ranged from 120 for propane to 32 kJ mol/sup -1/ for butane. The reaction of propane or butane with D/sub 2/ on LaCoO/sub 3/ provided large fractions of methane (D/sub 3/) and (D/sub 4/), but a negligible amount of deuterium-exchanged alkanes. An equilibrium among the gaseous H/sub 2/, HD and D/sub 2/ was reached. These hydrogenolyses are described by a mechanism involving the almost concurrent rupture of all the carbon-carbon bonds in the alkanes by the attack of adsorbed hydrogen atoms, and were proposed to be catalyzed by a synergetic effect; the CO/sup 3 +/ ion is effective in breaking the C-C bond, whereas the La/sup 3 +/ and O/sup 2 -/ ions serve to supply hydrogen atoms to the decomposed species. The reaction of propene or butenes with hydrogen produced the corresponding alkanes and methane. The kinetic analyses showed that the fractions of methane produced consecutively via the alkanes amounted to 16% for propene and to more than 93% for butenes. The observed pressure dependence and deuterium distributions in the alkene hydrogenation were interpreted in terms of the associative mechanism. The correlation between the structures of the reactant molecules and of the active sites present on LaCoO/sub 3/ was briefly discussed.

Impact of bacterial and fungal processes on 14C-hexadecane mineralisation in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adetutu, Eric M.; Ball, Andy S.; Weber, John; Aleer, Samuel; Dandie, Catherine E.; Juhasz, Albert L.

2012-01-01

In this study, the impact of bacterial and fungal processes on 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation was investigated in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The extent of 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation varied depending on the bioremediation strategy employed. Under enhanced natural attenuation conditions, 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation after 98 days was 8.5 ± 3.7% compared to 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation was further enhanced through Tween 80 amendments (28.9 ± 2.4%) which also promoted the growth of a Phanerochaete chyrsosporium fungal mat. Although fungal growth in weathered hydrocarbon contaminated soil could be promoted through supplementing additional carbon sources (Tween 80, sawdust, compost, pea straw), fungal 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation was negligible when sodium azide was added to soil microcosms to inhibit bacterial activity. In contrast, when fungal activity was inhibited through nystatin additions, 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation ranged from 6.5 ± 0.2 to 35.8 ± 3.8% after 98 days depending on the supplied amendment. Bacteria inhibition with sodium azide resulted in a reduction in bacterial diversity (33–37%) compared to microcosms supplemented with nystatin or microcosms without inhibitory supplements. However, alkB bacterial groups were undetected in sodium azide supplemented microcosms, highlighting the important role of this bacterial group in 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation. - Highlights: ► The roles of different microbial groups in hydrocarbon mineralisation was assessed. ► Inhibiting fungal growth did not affect 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation. ► Inhibiting bacterial growth resulted in negligible 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation. ► alkB bacterial groups were undetected in sodium azide supplemented microcosms. ► The importance of alkB groups in 14 C-hexadecane mineralisation was highlighted.

Screening effects on 12C+12C fusion reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Koyuncu, F.; Soylu, A.

2018-05-01

One of the important reactions for nucleosynthesis in the carbon burning phase in high-mass stars is the 12C+12C fusion reaction. In this study, we investigate the influences of the nuclear potentials and screening effect on astrophysically interesting 12C+12C fusion reaction observables at sub-barrier energies by using the microscopic α–α double folding cluster (DFC) potential and the proximity potential. In order to model the screening effects on the experimental data, a more general exponential cosine screened Coulomb (MGECSC) potential including Debye and quantum plasma cases has been considered in the calculations for the 12C+12C fusion reaction. In the calculations of the reaction observables, the semi-classical Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach and coupled channel (CC) formalism have been used. Moreover, in order to investigate how the potentials between 12C nuclei produce molecular cluster states of 24Mg, the normalized resonant energy states of 24Mg cluster bands have been calculated for the DFC potential. By analyzing the results produced from the fusion of 12C+12C, it is found that taking into account the screening effects in terms of MGECSC is important for explaining the 12C+12C fusion data, and the microscopic DFC potential is better than the proximity potential in explaining the experimental data, also considering that clustering is dominant for the structure of the 24Mg nucleus. Supported by the Turkish Science and Research Council (TÜBİTAK) with (117R015)

Long range transport of hydrocarbons in the Southern Ocean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinturier, L.; Leureillard, J.; Arnold, M.; Tisnerat, N.; Pichon, J.J.; Gireaudau, J.

1999-01-01

We report here the first results for hydrocarbon analyses of deep surface sediments collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. The samples were taken along a north-south transect ranging from 43 deg. S to 55 deg. S in the southwestern Crozet Basin. In order to identify these compounds and elucidate their origins, various techniques were used: gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Tandetron: mass spectrometer coupled with a Tandem accelerator allowing the measure of 14 C/ 12 C ratio)

Study of the alpha+12C →16O capture via 12C(16O,12C)16O transfer reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morais, M.C.; Lichtenthaeler, R.; Arazi, A.; Hojman, D.; Cardona, M.A.; Fimiani, L.; Carnelli, P.F.; Marti, G.V.; Pacheco, A.J.; Heimann, D. Martinez; Negri, A.E.; Capurro, O.A.; Niello, J.O. Fernandez; Montero, P.

2009-01-01

Full text: The 12 C(α γ) 16 O reaction is one of the most important in nuclear astrophysics. The rate of this reaction influences the subsequent nucleosynthesis of heavier elements in massive stars and consequently determines the stellar evolution. The 12 C(α γ) 16 O reaction cross section is extremely small at stellar temperature, this is mainly due to the Gamow energy (∼ 300KeV at T= 2x10 8 K) be much lower than the Coulomb barrier, E C.B. : = 3:142MeV. The α+ 12 C → 16 O at low energies is dominated by subthreshold states (1 - , 7:12MeV) and (2 + , 6:92MeV) of the 16 O, thus spectroscopic factors measurements of these states are very important. We propose to use the α-transfer reaction 12 C( 16 O, 12 C) 16 O * at very forward angles to obtain those spectroscopic factors. In this way, measurements of elastic and inelastic angular distributions for the 12 C+ 16 O system were performed at the TANDAR Laboratory in Buenos Aires, using an 16 O beam of E lab = 46.3MeV. These angular distributions were obtained using 8 adjacent surface barrier detectors and the measurements were performed from 5 deg to 48.5 deg with steps of 1 deg. The scattering chamber has an angular precision better than 0.1 deg. The transfer angular distributions are being analysed by DWBA using the computer code FRESCO in order to obtain the two spectroscopic factors. (author)

On centrality and rapidity dependences of transverse momentum spectra of negative pions in 12C + 12C collisions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iqbal, A.; Haseeb, M.Q.; Olimov, K.K.; Khan, Imran; Yuldashev, B.S.

2014-01-01

The dependences of the experimental transverse momentum spectra of the negative pions, produced in minimum bias 12 C + 12 C collisions at a momentum of 4.2A GeV/c, on the collision centrality and the pion rapidity range were studied. To analyze quantitatively the change in the p t spectra of π - mesons with the changes of collision centrality and pion rapidity range, the extracted p t spectra were fitted by Hagedorn, Boltzmann, simple exponential and Gaussian functions. The values of the extracted spectral temperatures T 1 and T 2 were consistently larger for the p t spectra of π - mesons coming from midrapidity range as compared to those of the negative pions generated in the target and projectile fragmentation regions. The spectral temperatures T 1 and T 2 extracted from fitting the p t spectra of π - mesons in range p t = 0.1–1.2 GeV/c practically coincided with each other in peripheral, semicentral and central 12 C + 12 C collision events, and thus did not show any collision centrality dependence. However, the values of T 1 and T 2 extracted from fitting in range p t = 0.1–0.7 GeV/c were consistently and noticeably larger in case of central collisions as compared to peripheral and semicentral 12 C + 12 C collisions. Hagedorn and Boltzmann functions provided significantly better fits of the transverse momentum spectra of the negative pions with the physically acceptable values of the extracted temperatures as compared to Gaussian and simple exponential functions. (author)

Determination of C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography

Science.gov (United States)

Eganhouse, R.P.; Dorsey, T.F.; Phinney, C.S.; Westcott, A.M.

1993-01-01

A method is described for the determination of the C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water based on purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Retention time data and 70 eV mass spectra were obtained for benzene and all 35 C7-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons. With optimized chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric detection, benzene and 33 of the 35 alkylbenzenes can be identified and measured in a 45-min run. Use of a flame ionization detector permits the simultaneous determination of benzene and 26 alkylbenzenes.

Implications for Extraterrestrial Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Analysis of Ethylene (C{sub 2}H{sub 4}) and D4-Ethylene (C{sub 2}D{sub 4}) Ices Exposed to Ionizing Radiation via Combined Infrared Spectroscopy and Reflectron Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abplanalp, Matthew J.; Kaiser, Ralf I., E-mail: ralfk@hawaii.edu [W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)

2017-02-20

The processing of the hydrocarbon ice, ethylene (C{sub 2}H{sub 4}/C{sub 2}D{sub 4}), via energetic electrons, thus simulating the processes in the track of galactic cosmic-ray particles, was carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum apparatus. The chemical evolution of the ices was monitored online and in situ utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and during temperature programmed desorption, via a quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing electron impact ionization (EI-QMS) and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer utilizing a photoionization source (PI-ReTOF-MS). Several previous in situ studies of ethylene ice irradiation using FTIR were substantiated with the detection of six products: [CH{sub 4} (CD{sub 4})], acetylene [C{sub 2}H{sub 2} (C{sub 2}D{sub 2})], the ethyl radical [C{sub 2}H{sub 5} (C{sub 2}D{sub 5})], ethane [C{sub 2}H{sub 6} (C{sub 2}D{sub 6})], 1-butene [C{sub 4}H{sub 8} (C{sub 4}D{sub 8})], and n -butane [C{sub 4}H{sub 10} (C{sub 4}D{sub 10})]. Contrary to previous gas phase studies, the PI-ReTOF-MS detected several groups of hydrocarbon with varying degrees of saturation: C{sub n}H{sub 2n+2} (n = 4–10), C{sub n}H{sub 2n} ( n = 2–12, 14, 16), C{sub n}H{sub 2n−2} ( n = 3–12, 14, 16), C{sub n}H{sub 2n−4} (n = 4–12, 14, 16), C{sub n}H{sub 2n−6} (n = 4–10, 12), C{sub n}H{sub 2n−8} ( n = 6–10), and C{sub n}H{sub 2n−10} ( n = 6–10). Multiple laboratory studies have shown the facile production of ethylene from methane, which is a known ice constituent in the interstellar medium. Various astrophysically interesting molecules can be associated with the groups detected here, such as allene/methylacetylene (C{sub 3}H{sub 4}) or 1, 3-butadiene (C{sub 4}H{sub 6}) and its isomers, which have been shown to lead to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Finally, several hydrocarbon groups detected here are unique to ethylene ice versus ethane ice and may provide understanding of how complex hydrocarbons form in astrophysical

Resonance states in 16O+16O, 12C+16O, α+ 16O and α+ 12C with ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The resonance states in 16O + 16O, 12C + 16O, + 16O and + 12C are described using modified Morse potential proposed earlier whose success has already been demon-strated in the case of 12C + 12C system. The general validity of such a potential with long range, shallow depth and repulsive soft core determined ...

THE GALACTIC R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS: THE C2 SWAN BANDS, THE CARBON PROBLEM, AND THE 12C/13C RATIO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hema, B. P.; Pandey, Gajendra; Lambert, David L.

2012-01-01

Observed spectra of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars are analyzed by synthesizing the C 2 Swan bands (1, 0), (0, 0), and (0, 1) using our detailed line list and the Uppsala model atmospheres. The (0, 1) and (0, 0) C 2 bands are used to derive the 12 C abundance, and the (1, 0) 12 C 13 C band to determine the 12 C/ 13 C ratios. The carbon abundance derived from the C 2 Swan bands is about the same for the adopted models constructed with different carbon abundances over the range 8.5 (C/He = 0.1%) to 10.5 (C/He = 10%). Carbon abundances derived from C I lines are about a factor of four lower than the carbon abundance of the adopted model atmosphere over the same C/He interval, as reported by Asplund et al., who dubbed the mismatch between adopted and derived C abundance as the 'carbon problem'. In principle, the carbon abundances obtained from C 2 Swan bands and that assumed for the model atmosphere can be equated for a particular choice of C/He that varies from star to star. Then, the carbon problem for C 2 bands is eliminated. However, such C/He ratios are in general less than those of the extreme helium stars, the seemingly natural relatives to the RCB and HdC stars. A more likely solution to the C 2 carbon problem may lie in a modification of the model atmosphere's temperature structure. The derived carbon abundances and the 12 C/ 13 C ratios are discussed in light of the double degenerate and the final flash scenarios.

Study of the excited levels of 11C and 12C by the analysis of protons induced reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rihet, Y.

1984-07-01

The present work is a study of 11 and 12 C excited states by reactions of non polarised protons on 10 B and 11 B. R-matrix analysis of the 10 B excitation curves in the range E p = 0 to 8 MeV was used to establish parameters of 41 levels in 11 C. Isobaric multiplets of T = 1/2 and T = 3/2 states in A = 11 nuclei are deduced. Analysis of 11 B excitation curves in the E p = 0.5 to 7.4 MeV range led to parameter values of 60 levels in 12 C. T = 1 states in A = 12 isobaric nuclei are discussed [fr

Study for the charge symmetric systems, 12C+13N and 12C+13C with the orthogonalized coupled-reaction-channel method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imanishi, B.; Denisov, V.; Motobayashi, T.

1996-10-01

The charge-symmetric scattering systems, 12 C+ 13 N and 12 C+ 13 C have been investigated by using the orthogonalized coupled-reaction-channel (OCRC) method with the basis functions of the elastic, inelastic and transfer channels defined by the single-particle states, 1p1/2, 2s1/2, 1d5/2 and 1d3/2 of the valence nucleon in 13 N or 13 C. The data of the elastic scattering of 13 N on 12 C measured by Lienard et al. have been explained consistently with the data of the elastic and inelastic scattering of the 12 C+ 13 C system. The CRC effects both on the above systems are very strong, although those on the 12 C+ 13 N system are fairly weaker than the 12 C+ 13 C system. The role of the highly excited single-particle states 1d3/2 is particularly important in the formation of a specific CRC scheme, i.e., the formation of the covalent molecules due to the hybridization caused by the mixing of the different parity single-particle states. The fusion cross sections of the 12 C+ 13 C system at energies below the Coulomb barrier are strongly enhanced as a result of the strong CRC effects as compared with those of the 12 C+ 12 C system, while in 12 C+ 13 N system the enhancement of the sub-barrier fusion has not been observed. The above absorption mechanism for the 12 C+ 13 C system explains the lack of the molecular-resonance phenomena observed in the 12 C+ 12 C system. We check the effects of the dipole (E1) transition of the valence nucleon in 13 N (and also in 13 C) due to the core-core Coulomb interaction in the scattering at sub-barrier energies. The effects are not appreciable. (author)

C2-C10 hydrocarbon emissions from a boreal wetland and forest floor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Hellén

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Emissions of various C2-C10 hydrocarbons (VOCs and halogenated hydrocarbons (VHOCs from a boreal wetland and a Scots pine forest floor in south-western Finland were measured by the static chamber technique. Isoprene was the main non-methane hydrocarbon emitted by the wetland, but small emissions of ethene, propane, propene, 1-butene, 2-methylpropene, butane, pentane and hexane were also detected. The isoprene emission from the wetland was observed to follow the commonly-used isoprene emission algorithm. The mean emission potential of isoprene was 224 µg m-2 h-1 for the whole season. This is lower than the emission potentials published earlier; that is probably at least partly due to the cold and cloudy weather during the measurements. No emissions were detected of monoterpenes or halogenated hydrocarbons from the wetland. The highest hydrocarbon emissions from the Scots pine forest floor were measured in spring and autumn. However, only a few measurements were conducted during summer. The main compounds emitted were monoterpenes. Isoprene emissions were negligible. The total monoterpene emission rates varied from zero to 373 µg m-2 h-1. The results indicated that decaying plant litter may be the source for these emissions. Small emissions of chloroform (100-800 ng m-2 h-1, ethene, propane, propene, 2-methylpropene, cis-2-butene, pentane, hexane and heptane were detected. Comparison with Scots pine emissions showed that the forest floor may be an important monoterpene source, especially in spring.

Application of compound specific 13C isotope investigations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwaters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osenbrueck, K.; Heidinger, M.; Voropaev, A.; Ertl, S.; Eichinger, L.

2002-01-01

Full text: Chlorinated hydrocarbons are one of the most common pollutants found in groundwater. Due to complex contamination situations with overlapping contamination plumes the assessment of the organic contaminants requires the installation of expensive observation wells and high analytical effort. Here the determination of the stable isotope ratio 13 C/ 12 C of the organic compounds offers a promising and efficient tool to investigate the origin and the biodegradation characteristics of the chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater. The application of the method is based on characteristic isotope fingerprints, differing in chlorinated solvents. This isotope fingerprint is derived from different production pathways and is not influenced by transport or by retardation processes in the underground. Due to the fact, that two different contaminations can easily be distinguished by isotope ratios, an improved distinction of spatially and temporally different contamination plumes might be possible. In course of biologically mediated degradation processes a shift of the isotope ratios between the precursor and the product can frequently be observed, such as with denitrification or sulfate reduction processes. The isotope fractionation is due to a preferential reaction of the bonds formed by the lighter isotopes and leads to a progressive enrichment of the heavy isotopes in the precursor while the product becomes depleted in the heavy isotopes. Biological degradation of the highly chlorinated hydrocarbons is due to a co-metabolic dechlorinisation. Tetrachloroethene (PCE) for example degrades under anoxic conditions via trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE). Subsequent degradation to vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene may appear under aerobic as well as reducing environments depending on the site specific conditions. In several laboratory studies it has been shown, that biodegradation of the chlorinated hydrocarbons is accompanied by an isotope fractionation of

Search for 12 C+ 12 C clustering in 24 Mg ground state

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In the backdrop of many models, the heavy cluster structure of the ground state of 24 Mg has been probed experimentally for the first time using the heavy cluster knockout reaction 24 Mg( 12 C, 212 C) 12 C in thequasifree scattering kinematic domain. In the ( 12 C, 212 C) reaction, the direct 12 C-knockout cross-section was ...

Exact finite range DWBA results for the /sup 12/C(p,d)/sup 11/C reaction at 700 MeV. [Differential cross sections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rost, E; Shepard, J R [Colorado Univ., Boulder (USA). Nuclear Physics Lab.

1975-12-08

The differential cross sections for the /sup 12/C(p,d)/sup 11/C(g.s.) reaction at 700 MeV have been calculated in a full finite range DWBA approach. The absolute cross sections agree with the data and are dominated by contributions arising from the deuteron D-state.

Kinetics of Hydrocarbon formation in a-C:H Film deposition plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cal, E. de la; Tabares, F. L.

1993-01-01

The formation of C2 and Cp hydrocarbons during the PACVD of a-C:H films from admixtures of methane with H2 and He has been investigated by mass spectrometry under several deposition condition. The time evolution of the observed species indicates that the formation mechanisms of ethylene and acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the film. Acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the film. Acetylene formation was found to be directly related to the formation of the film on top of the carburized metal. (Author) 12 refs

Kinetics of Hydrocarbon formation in a- C:H Film deposition plasmas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cal, E de la; Tabares, F L

1993-07-01

The formation of C2 and Cp hydrocarbons during the PACVD of a-C:H films from admixtures of methane with H2 and He has been investigated by mass spectrometry under several deposition condition. The time evolution of the observed species indicates that the formation mechanisms of ethylene and acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the film. Acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the film. Acetylene formation was found to be directly related to the formation of the film on top of the carburized metal. (Author) 12 refs.

Thermochemical Properties Enthalpy, Entropy, and Heat Capacity of C1-C4 Fluorinated Hydrocarbons: Fluorocarbon Group Additivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Heng; Castillo, Álvaro; Bozzelli, Joseph W

2015-07-23

Enthalpies of formation for 14 C2–C4 fluorinated hydrocarbons were calculated with nine popular ab initio and density functional theory methods: B3LYP, CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, M06, M06-2X, ωB97X, G4, G4(MP2)-6X, and W1U via several series of isodesmic reactions. The recommended ideal gas phase ΔHf298° (kcal mol(–1)) values calculated in this study are the following: −65.4 for CH3CH2F; −70.2 for CH3CH2CH2F; −75.3 for CH3CHFCH3; −75.2 for CH3CH2CH2CH2F; −80.3 for CH3CHFCH2CH3; −108.1 for CH2F2; −120.9 for CH3CHF2; −125.8 for CH3CH2CHF2; −133.3 for CH3CF2CH3; −166.7 for CHF3; −180.5 for CH3CF3; −185.5 for CH3CH2CF3; −223.2 for CF4; and −85.8 for (CH3)3CF. Entropies (S298° in cal mol(–1) K(–1)) were estimated using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) computed frequencies and geometries. Rotational barriers were determined and hindered internal rotational contributions for S298°, and Cp(T) were calculated using the rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation, with direct integration over energy levels of the intramolecular rotation potential energy curve. Thermochemical properties for the fluorinated carbon groups C/C/F/H2, C/C2/F/H, C/C/F2/H, C/C2/F2, and C/C/F3 were derived from the above target fluorocarbons. Previously published enthalpies and groups for 1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, 2-fluoro-2-methylpropane that were previously determined via work reaction schemes are revised using updated reference species values. Standard deviations are compared for the calculation methods.

THE {sup 12}C + {sup 12}C REACTION AND THE IMPACT ON NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN MASSIVE STARS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pignatari, M. [Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel (Switzerland); Hirschi, R.; Bennett, M. [Astrophysics Group, EPSAM Institute, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG (United Kingdom); Wiescher, M.; Beard, M. [Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 (United States); Gallino, R. [Universita' di Torino, Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10126 Torino (Italy); Fryer, C.; Rockefeller, G. [Computational Physics and Methods (CCS-2), LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Herwig, F.; Timmes, F. X., E-mail: marco.pignatari@unibas.ch [The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Notre Dame, IN 46556 (United States)

2013-01-01

Despite much effort in the past decades, the C-burning reaction rate is uncertain by several orders of magnitude, and the relative strength between the different channels {sup 12}C({sup 12}C, {alpha}){sup 20}Ne, {sup 12}C({sup 12}C, p){sup 23}Na, and {sup 12}C({sup 12}C, n){sup 23}Mg is poorly determined. Additionally, in C-burning conditions a high {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C rate may lead to lower central C-burning temperatures and to {sup 13}C({alpha}, n){sup 16}O emerging as a more dominant neutron source than {sup 22}Ne({alpha}, n){sup 25}Mg, increasing significantly the s-process production. This is due to the chain {sup 12}C(p, {gamma}){sup 13}N followed by {sup 13}N({beta} +){sup 13}C, where the photodisintegration reverse channel {sup 13}N({gamma}, p){sup 12}C is strongly decreasing with increasing temperature. Presented here is the impact of the {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C reaction uncertainties on the s-process and on explosive p-process nucleosynthesis in massive stars, including also fast rotating massive stars at low metallicity. Using various {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C rates, in particular an upper and lower rate limit of {approx}50,000 higher and {approx}20 lower than the standard rate at 5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} K, five 25 M {sub Sun} stellar models are calculated. The enhanced s-process signature due to {sup 13}C({alpha}, n){sup 16}O activation is considered, taking into account the impact of the uncertainty of all three C-burning reaction branches. Consequently, we show that the p-process abundances have an average production factor increased up to about a factor of eight compared with the standard case, efficiently producing the elusive Mo and Ru proton-rich isotopes. We also show that an s-process being driven by {sup 13}C({alpha}, n){sup 16}O is a secondary process, even though the abundance of {sup 13}C does not depend on the initial metal content. Finally, implications for the Sr-peak elements inventory in the solar system and at low metallicity are

The 12C+12C → 8Begs+16Ogs reaction at Ecm=27 to 36 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aliotta, M.; Lattuada, M.; Spitaleri, C.

1996-01-01

The 12 C + 12 C → 8 Be gs + 16 O gs reaction has been experimentally investigated at c.m. energies between 27 and 36 MeV. A resonance is present at 32.5 MeV, i.e. at the same energy of the resonance previously observed [1] in the 12 C(0 + 2 ) + 12 C(0 + 2 ) exit channel, but its width is about three times narrower. Moreover the data indicate an enhancement of the cross section at a c.m. energy close to 29 MeV. These results are discussed and compared to the predictions of the Band Crossing Model obtained for different exit channels of the 12 C + 12 C reaction. (orig.)

Anti pp elastic scattering at 30 GeV/c incident momentum in the momentum transfer range 0. 5<-t<5. 8(GeV/c)/sup 2/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asa' d, Z.; Coupland, M.; Davis, D.G.; Duff, B.G.; Fearnley, T.; Heymann, F.F.; Imrie, D.C.; Lush, G.J.; Phillips, M. (University Coll., London (UK)); Baglin, A.

1983-10-27

The anti pp elastic differential cross section at 30 GeV/c incident momentum has been measured in a two-arm spectrometer experiment (WA7) at the CERN SPS. The vertical stroketvertical stroke-range covered extends from 0.5 to 5.8 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. A pronounced dip-bump structure is observed, with a sharp minimum around vertical stroketvertical strokeapprox.=1.7 (GeV/c)/sup 2/. The results are compared with existing anti pp data at lower energies and with our earlier anti pp data at 50 GeV/c. A number of model predictions are discussed. We also compare the anti pp 30 GeV/c differential cross section with that of pp at the same momentum. Finally, the energy dependence of the anti pp fixed-vertical stroketvertical stroke differential cross section in the incident momentum range 3.6 to 50 GeV/c is presented.

Analytical method validation of GC-FID for the simultaneous measurement of hydrocarbons (C2-C4 in their gas mixture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oman Zuas

2016-09-01

Full Text Available An accurate gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID method was validated for the simultaneous analysis of light hydrocarbons (C2-C4 in their gas mixture. The validation parameters were evaluated based on the ISO/IEC 17025 definition including method selectivity, repeatability, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LOD, limit of quantitation (LOQ, and ruggedness. Under the optimum analytical conditions, the analysis of gas mixture revealed that each target component was well-separated with high selectivity property. The method was also found to be precise and accurate. The method linearity was found to be high with good correlation coefficient values (R2 ≥ 0.999 for all target components. It can be concluded that the GC-FID developed method is reliable and suitable for determination of light C2-C4 hydrocarbons (including ethylene, propane, propylene, isobutane, and n-butane in their gas mixture. The validated method has successfully been applied to the estimation of hydrocarbons light C2-C4 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples, showing high performance repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD less than 1.0% and good selectivity with no interference from other possible components could be observed.

Spin measurement for symmetric fission states of sup 24 Mg. A new angle on the sup 12 C+ sup 12 C interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fulton, B.R.; Bennett, S.J.; Freer, M.; Murgatroyd, J.T. (School of Physics and Space Research, Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom)); Gyapong, G.J.; Jarvis, N.S.; Jones, C.D.; Watson, D.L. (Dept. of Physics, York Univ. (United Kingdom)); Brown, J.D.; Rae, W.D.M.; Smith, A.E. (Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom)); Lilley, J.S. (Daresbury Lab., Warrington (United Kingdom))

1991-09-19

A new high resolution measurement of the {sup 12}C({sup 24}Mg, {sup 12}C{sup 12}C){sup 12}C breakup reaction has been performed. Sequential breakup is observed from specific states in {sup 24}Mg at excitation energies ranging from 20 to 26 MeV. Angular correlation measurements indicate that states with spins ranging from J=4 to 8 are populated. These states are consistent with superdeformed shape isomeric bands predicted by cranked cluster model and Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. (orig.).

High-precision optical measurements of 13C/12C isotope ratios in organic compounds at natural abundance

Science.gov (United States)

Zare, Richard N.; Kuramoto, Douglas S.; Haase, Christa; Tan, Sze M.; Crosson, Eric R.; Saad, Nabil M. R.

2009-01-01

A continuous-flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system integrating a chromatographic separation technique, a catalytic combustor, and an isotopic 13C/12C optical analyzer is described for the isotopic analysis of a mixture of organic compounds. A demonstration of its potential is made for the geochemically important class of short-chain hydrocarbons. The system proved to be linear over a 3-fold injection volume dynamic range with an average precision of 0.95‰ and 0.67‰ for ethane and propane, respectively. The calibrated accuracy for methane, ethane, and propane is within 3‰ of the values determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is the current method of choice for compound-specific isotope analysis. With anticipated improvements, the low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use CRDS-based instrumental setup is poised to evolve into a credible challenge to the high-cost and complex IRMS-based technique. PMID:19564619

Comparison of aggregation behaviors between ionic liquid-type imidazolium gemini surfactant [C12-4-C12im]Br2 and its monomer [C12mim]Br on silicon wafer.

Science.gov (United States)

Ao, Mingqi; Xu, Guiying; Pang, Jinyu; Zhao, Taotao

2009-09-01

The aggregation of ionic liquid-type imidazolium gemini surfactant [C(12)-4-C(12)im]Br(2) on silicon wafer, which is compared with its monomer [C(12)mim]Br, have been studied. AFM morphology images and contact angle measurements suggest that the aggregations of [C(12)-4-C(12)im]Br(2) and [C(12)mim]Br on silicon wafer follow different mechanisms. Below the critical surface aggregation concentrations (CSAC), both surfactant molecules are adsorbed with their hydrophobic tails facing the air. But above the CSAC, [C(12)-4-C(12)im]Br(2) molecules finally form a bilayer structure with hydrophilic head groups facing the air, whereas [C(12)mim]Br molecules form a multilayer structure, and with increasing its concentration, the layer numbers increase with the hydrophobic chains and hydrophilic head groups facing the air by turns. Besides, the watery wettability of [C(12)-4-C(12)im]Br(2)-treated silica surface is lower than that of [C(12)mim]Br at the concentration of 5.0 cmc, and the infrared spectroscopy suggests that the poorer watery wettability of [C(12)-4-C(12)im]Br(2) may be relative to the less-ordered packing of methylene chains inside the aggregate. These different aggregation behaviors for the two surfactants ascribe to the different molecular structures and electrostatic interactions. This work would have certain theoretical guidance meaning on the modification of solid surface.

Monitoring the bio-stimulation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils by measurements of soil electrical properties, and CO2 content and its 13C/12C isotopic signature

Science.gov (United States)

Noel, C.; Gourry, J.; Ignatiadis, I.; Colombano, S.; Dictor, M.; Guimbaud, C.; Chartier, M.; Dumestre, A.; Dehez, S.; Naudet, V.

2013-12-01

Hydrocarbon contaminated soils represent an environmental issue as it impacts on ecosystems and aquifers. Where significant subsurface heterogeneity exists, conventional intrusive investigations and groundwater sampling can be insufficient to obtain a robust monitoring of hydrocarbon contaminants, as the information they provide is restricted to vertical profiles at discrete locations, with no information between sampling points. In order to obtain wider information in space volume on subsurface modifications, complementary methods can be used like geophysics. Among geophysical methods, geoelectrical techniques such as electrical resistivity (ER) and induced polarization (IP) seem the more promising, especially to study the effects of biodegradation processes. Laboratory and field geoelectrical experiments to characterize soils contaminated by oil products have shown that mature hydrocarbon-contaminated soils are characterized by enhanced electrical conductivity although hydrocarbons are electrically resistive. This high bulk conductivity is due to bacterial impacts on geological media, resulting in changes in the chemical and physical properties and thus, to the geophysical properties of the ground. Moreover, microbial activity induced CO2 production and isotopic deviation of carbon. Indeed, produced CO2 will reflect the pollutant isotopic signature. Thus, the ratio δ13C(CO2) will come closer to δ13C(hydrocarbon). BIOPHY, project supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), proposes to use electrical methods and gas analyses to develop an operational and non-destructive method for monitoring in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons in order to optimize soil treatment. Demonstration field is located in the South of Paris (France), where liquid fuels (gasoline and diesel) leaked from some tanks in 1997. In order to stimulate biodegradation, a trench has been dug to supply oxygen to the water table and thus stimulate aerobic metabolic bioprocesses. ER and

DNA damage in isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to C.I. pigment orange 5 and C.I. pigment yellow 12 by the alkaline comet assay

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, P; Wallin, Håkan; Grunnet, N

1998-01-01

The induction of DNA damage by commonly used printing ink pigments, C.I. pigment orange 5 (C.I. 12075) and C.I. pigment yellow 12 (C.I. 21090), was investigated in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes with the comet assay. C.I. pigment yellow 12 is a 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine-based diarylide pigment...

Elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, and transfer reactions induced by 12C bombardment of 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stokstad, R.G.; Wieland, R.M.; Fulmer, C.B.; Hensley, D.C.; Raman, S.; Snell, A.H.; Stelson, P.H.

1977-06-01

Graphs and tables of differential cross sections are presented for the elastic scattering of 12 C by 12 C, the single excitation (Q = -4.43 MeV) and the mutual excitation (Q = -8.86 MeV) for 14 bombarding energies in the range 70.7 less than or equal to E/sub lab/ less than or equal to 126.7 MeV. Differential cross sections for one- and two-nucleon transfer are presented for E/sub lab/ = 93.8 MeV

Organocatalytic Upgrading of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural to C10 and C12 Furoins with Quantitative Yield and Atom-Efficiency

Science.gov (United States)

Zang, Hongjun; Chen, Eugene Y. X.

2015-01-01

There is increasing interest in the upgrading of C5 furfural (FF) and C6 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) into C10 and C12 furoins as higher energy-density intermediates for renewable chemicals, materials, and biofuels. This work utilizes the organocatalytic approach, using the in situ generated N,S-heterocyclic carbene catalyst derived from thiazolium ionic liquids (ILs), to achieve highly efficient self-coupling reactions of FF and HMF. Specifically, variations of the thiazolium IL structure have led to the most active and efficient catalyst system of the current series, which is derived from a new thiazolium IL carrying the electron-donating acetate group at the 5-ring position. For FF coupling by this IL (0.1 mol %, 60 °C, 1 h), when combined with Et3N, furoin was obtained in >99% yield. A 97% yield of the C12 furoin was also achieved from the HMF coupling by this catalyst system (10 mol % loading, 120 °C, 3 h). On the other hand, the thiazolium IL bearing the electron-withdrawing group at the 5-ring position is the least active and efficient catalyst. The mechanistic aspects of the coupling reaction by the thiazolium catalyst system have also been examined and a mechanism has been proposed. PMID:25830482

Organocatalytic Upgrading of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural to C10 and C12 Furoins with Quantitative Yield and Atom-Efficiency

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongjun Zang

2015-03-01

Full Text Available There is increasing interest in the upgrading of C5 furfural (FF and C6 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF into C10 and C12 furoins as higher energy-density intermediates for renewable chemicals, materials, and biofuels. This work utilizes the organocatalytic approach, using the in situ generated N,S-heterocyclic carbene catalyst derived from thiazolium ionic liquids (ILs, to achieve highly efficient self-coupling reactions of FF and HMF. Specifically, variations of the thiazolium IL structure have led to the most active and efficient catalyst system of the current series, which is derived from a new thiazolium IL carrying the electron-donating acetate group at the 5-ring position. For FF coupling by this IL (0.1 mol %, 60 °C, 1 h, when combined with Et3N, furoin was obtained in >99% yield. A 97% yield of the C12 furoin was also achieved from the HMF coupling by this catalyst system (10 mol % loading, 120 °C, 3 h. On the other hand, the thiazolium IL bearing the electron-withdrawing group at the 5-ring position is the least active and efficient catalyst. The mechanistic aspects of the coupling reaction by the thiazolium catalyst system have also been examined and a mechanism has been proposed.

12C(n , 2 n )11C cross section from threshold to 26.5 MeV

Science.gov (United States)

Yuly, M.; Eckert, T.; Hartshaw, G.; Padalino, S. J.; Polsin, D. N.; Russ, M.; Simone, A. T.; Brune, C. R.; Massey, T. N.; Parker, C. E.; Fitzgerald, R.; Sangster, T. C.; Regan, S. P.

2018-02-01

The 12C(n ,2 n )11C cross section was measured from just below threshold to 26.5 MeV using the Pelletron accelerator at Ohio University. Monoenergetic neutrons, produced via the 3H(d ,n )4He reaction, were allowed to strike targets of polyethylene and graphite. Activation of both targets was measured by counting positron annihilations resulting from the β+ decay of 11C. Annihilation gamma rays were detected, both in coincidence and singly, using back-to-back NaI detectors. The incident neutron flux was determined indirectly via 1H(n ,p ) protons elastically scattered from the polyethylene target. Previous measurements fall into upper and lower bands; the results of the present measurement are consistent with the upper band.

Quasi-exclusive measurement of /sup 12/C(/sup 12/C, 3. cap alpha. )X at 2. 1 GeV/nucleon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Engelage, J; Baumgartner, M; Greiner, D E; Lindstrom, P J; Olson, D L; Wada, R; Crawford, H J; Webb, M L

1986-05-29

A study of the reaction /sup 12/C(/sup 12/C,3..cap alpha..)X at 2.1 GeV/nucleon has been completed. The energy and momentum transferred to the /sup 12/C projectile and the cross section for the dissociation of /sup 12/C into three alpha particles have been measured, 9.7 (+5.0/-2.5) millibarns. It is found that the results from this analysis are inconsistent with the predictions of current theoretical models for peripheral relativistic heavy ion collisions.

Elastic scattering of {sup 12} C by {sup 12} C at intermediate energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khallaf, S A.E. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, (Egypt); Abdel-Rahman, M A; Abdel-Raheem, S K; Mahmoud, S W.Z. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, (Egypt)

1997-12-31

Using the double folding model (DF), the real part of the central potential for {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C system is derived. This potential as well as the single folding cluster model potential (SFC) were used to calculate the total and differential cross sections for {sup 12} C elastically scattered on {sup 12} C at three laboratory energies; E{sub 1ab}. = 300, 344.5 and 360 MeV. The calculations were carried out using five sets of nucleon nucleon (NN) interaction of the integrable Gaussian form and two sets of parameters for the nuclear matter density of the harmonic oscillator form. The transparency of the target nucleus was found to increase as the projectile energy increases. Good fits between the present calculations and the experimental data as well as the previously published calculations were obtained. The present simple methods used to calculate the real part of the optical potential stand on equal footing with the density dependent (DDM 3 Y) procedure and it reduces the potential computing time enormously. The suitable choice of NN interaction as well as nuclear matter densities is important. 24 figs., 3 tabs.

Ethane's 12C/13C Ratio in Titan: Implications for Methane Replenishment

Science.gov (United States)

Jennings, Donald E.; Nixon, C. A.; Romani, P. N.; Bjoraker, G. L.; Sada, P. V.; Lunsford, A. W.; Boyle, R. J.; Hesman, B. E.; McCabe, G. H.

2009-01-01

As the .main destination of carbon in the destruction of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, ethane provides information about the carbon isotopic composition of the reservoir from which methane is replenished. If the amount of methane entering the atmosphere is presently equal to the amount converted to ethane, the 12C/13C ratio in ethane should be close to the ratio in the reservoir. We have measured the 12C/13C ratio in ethane both with Cassini CIRS(exp 1) and from the ground and find that it is very close to the telluric standard and outer planet values (89), consistent with a primordial origin for the methane reservoir. The lower 12C/13C ratio measured for methane by Huygens GCMS (82.3) can be explained if the conversion of CH4 to CH3 (and C2H6) favors 12C over 13C with a carbon kinetic isotope effect of 1.08. The time required for the atmospheric methane to reach equilibrium, i.e., for replenishment to equal destruction, is approximately 5 methane atmospheric lifetimes.

Neutron Scattering Differential Cross Sections for 12C

Science.gov (United States)

Byrd, Stephen T.; Hicks, S. F.; Nickel, M. T.; Block, S. G.; Peters, E. E.; Ramirez, A. P. D.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Yates, S. W.; Vanhoy, J. R.

2016-09-01

Because of the prevalence of its use in the nuclear energy industry and for our overall understanding of the interactions of neutrons with matter, accurately determining the effects of fast neutrons scattering from 12C is important. Previously measured 12C inelastic neutron scattering differential cross sections found in the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) show significant discrepancies (>30%). Seeking to resolve these discrepancies, neutron inelastic and elastic scattering differential cross sections for 12C were measured at the University of Kentucky Acceleratory Laboratory for incident neutron energies of 5.58, 5.83, and 6.04 MeV. Quasi mono-energetic neutrons were scattered off an enriched 12C target (>99.99%) and detected by a C6D6 liquid scintillation detector. Time-of-flight (TOF) techniques were used to determine scattered neutron energies and allowed for elastic/inelastic scattering distinction. Relative detector efficiencies were determined through direct measurements of neutrons produced by the 2H(d,n) and 3H(p,n) source reactions, and absolute normalization factors were found by comparing 1H scattering measurements to accepted NNDC values. This experimental procedure has been successfully used for prior neutron scattering measurements and seems well-suited to our current objective. Significant challenges were encountered, however, with measuring the neutron detector efficiency over the broad incident neutron energy range required for these measurements. Funding for this research was provided by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).

Pycnonuclear 12C+12C reaction at zero temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasques, L R; Beard, M; Chamon, L C; Wiescher, M

2005-01-01

We present pycnonuclear reaction calculations for a one-component ionic crystal at zero temperature considering different theoretical approaches. The rates depend directly on the determination of the astrophysical S-factor at low energies, which has been obtained through the barrier penetration formalism. A totally parameter-free model for the real part of the nuclear interaction has been employed in the calculation of 12 C+ 12 C fusion cross sections

Crystal and molecular structures of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one and 10-carboxybenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one: A quantum-chemical study of their tautomerism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koval’chukova, O. V.; Stash, A. I.; Strashnov, P. V.; Neborak, E. V.; Strashnova, S. B.; Zaitsev, B. E.

2011-01-01

Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one and 10-carboxybenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one were isolated in the crystalline state and studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction. The energy characteristics of the tautomeric and ionic forms were calculated by the quantum-chemical PM3 method.

Inelastic 12C(12C, 12C)12C scattering via the Glauber optical potential at E/A=30 MeV and 85 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chauvin, J.; Lebrun, D.; Durand, F.; Buenerd, M.

1984-07-01

It is shown that some approximations implied in the optical limit of the Glauber theory are justified for low energies heavy-ions surface collisions. The Glauber optical potential -with no free parameters- leads to reasonable predictions for both elastic and inelastic scattering in the 12 C + 12 C system

The 12C(n, 2n)11C cross section from threshold to 26.5 MeV.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuly, M; Eckert, T; Hartshaw, G; Padalino, S J; Polsin, D N; Russ, M; Simone, A T; Brune, C R; Massey, T N; Parker, C E; Fitzgerald, R; Sangster, T C; Regan, S P

2018-02-01

The 12 C(n, 2n) 11 C cross section was measured from just below threshold to 26.5 MeV using the Pelletron accelerator at Ohio University. Monoenergetic neutrons, produced via the 3 H(d,n) 4 He reaction, were allowed to strike targets of polyethylene and graphite. Activation of both targets was measured by counting positron annihilations resulting from the β + decay of 11 C. Annihilation gamma rays were detected, both in coincidence and singly, using back-to-back NaI detectors. The incident neutron flux was determined indirectly via 1 H(n,p) protons elastically scattered from the polyethylene target. Previous measurements fall into upper and lower bands; the results of the present measurement are consistent with the upper band.

13C/12C ratios in human urine concrementes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoefs, J.; Armbruster, T.

1978-01-01

Oxalate, uric acid, and phosphate stones have been analyzed for their carbon isotope composition. The oxalate stones show delta 13 C values between -17.0 and -19.5 pro mille, the uric acid stones between -14.9 and -19.4 pro mille, and the phosphate stones between -13.0 and -23.9 pro mille. It is proposed that endogenic rather than exogenic sources are responsible for the 13 C/ 12 C ratios of the stones. The isotopic composition of the phosphate stones seems to be influenced primarily by bacterial activity. (orig.) [de

GC×GC measurements of C7-C11 aromatic and n-alkane hydrocarbons on Crete, in air from Eastern Europe during the MINOS campaign

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, X.; Williams, C.; Plass-Dülmer, H.; Berresheim, H.; Salisbury, G.; Lange, L.; Lelieveld, J.

2003-09-01

During the Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) campaign in August 2001 gas-phase organic compounds were measured using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) at the Finokalia ground station, Crete. In this paper, C7-C11 aromatic and n-alkane measurements are presented and interpreted. The mean mixing ratios of the hydrocarbons varied from 1±1 pptv (i-propylbenzene) to 43±36 pptv (toluene). The observed mixing ratios showed strong day-to-day variations and generally higher levels during the first half of the campaign. Mean diel profiles showed maxima at local midnight and late morning, and minima in the early morning and evening. Results from analysis using a simplified box model suggest that both the chemical sink (i.e. reaction with OH) and the variability of source strengths were the causes of the observed variations in hydrocarbon mixing ratios. The logarithms of hydrocarbon concentrations were negatively correlated with the OH concentrations integral over a day prior to the hydrocarbon measurements. Slopes of the regression lines derived from these correlations for different compounds are compared with literature rate constants for their reactions with OH. The slopes for most compounds agree reasonably well with the literature rate constants. A sequential reaction model has been applied to the interpretation of the relationship between ethylbenzene and two of its potential products, i.e. acetophenone and benzeneacetaldehyde. The model can explain the good correlation observed between [acetophenone]/[ethylbenzene] and [benzeneacetaldehyde]/[ethylbenzene]. The model results and field measurements suggest that the reactivity of benzeneacetaldehyde may lie between those of acetophenone and ethylbenzene and that the ratio between yields of acetophenone and benzeneacetaldehyde may be up to 28:1. Photochemical ages of trace gases sampled at Finokalia during the campaign are estimated using the sequential reaction model and related data

Secondary particle multiplicity depending on the collisions of π--mesons with 12C nucleons at p=40 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angelov, N.S.; Grishin, V.G.; Nad', Yu.; Kanarek, T.; Batskovich, S.

1978-01-01

The multiplicities of secondary charged particles in π -12 C-interactions with ν-protons of carbon nucleus at p=40 GeV/c (ν=1-5) is presented. It is shown that the dependence of the average values of particle multiplicities on ν approximately equals the dependence on initial pion energy in π - p-interactions in the range from 40 to 200 GeV. KNO scaling and the Wroblewski empirical law for interactions with several nucleons of 12 C nucleus are observed

Experimental and theoretical studies of the C{sub 6}H{sub 5} + C{sub 6}H{sub 6} reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, J.; Burova, S.; Rodgers, A.S.; Lin, M.C.

1999-11-11

The absolute rate constants for the C{sub 6}H{sub 5} + C{sub 6}H{sub 6} and C{sub 6}D{sub 6} reactions have been measured by cavity ringdown spectrometry at temperatures between 298 and 495 K at a constant 40 Torr Ar pressure. The new results, which reveal no detectable kinetic isotopic effect, can be represented by the Arrhenius equation, {kappa}{sub 1} = 10{sup (11.91{+-}0.13)} exp[{minus}(2,102 {+-} 106)/T] cm{sup 3}/(mol s). Low-temperature data for the addition/stabilization process, C{sub 6}H{sub 5} + C{sub 6}H{sub 6} {r{underscore}arrow} C{sub 12}H{sub 11}, can be correlated with those obtained in a low-pressure, high-temperature Knudsen cell study for the addition/displacement reaction, C{sub 6}H{sub 5} + C{sub 6}H{sub 6} {r{underscore}arrow} C{sub 12}H{sub 10} + H, by the RRKM theory using the molecular and transition-state parameters computed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Combination of these two sets of data gives {kappa}{sub 1} = 10{sup (11.98{+-}0.03)} exp[{minus}(2168 {+-} 34)/T] cm{sup 3}/(mol s) covering the temperature range 298--1,330 K. The RRKM theory also correlates satisfactorily the forward reaction data with the high-temperature shock-tube result for the reverse H-for-C{sub 6}H{sub 5} substitution process with 2.7 and 4.7 kcal/mol barriers for the entrance (C{sub 6}H{sub 5} + C{sub 6}H{sub 6}) and reverse (H + C{sub 12}H{sub 10}) reactions, respectively. For modeling applications, the authors have calculated the forward reaction rate constants for the formation of the two competing products, H + C{sub 12}H{sub 10} and C{sub 12}H{sub 11}, at several pressures covering 300 K {lt} T {lt} 2,500 K.

Magnitude of 14C/12C variations based on archaeological samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kusumgar, S.; Agrawal, D.P.

1977-01-01

The magnitude of 14 C/ 12 C variations in the period A.D. 5O0 to 200 B.C. and 370 B.C. to 2900 B.C. is discussed. The 14 C dates of well-dated archaeological samples from India and Egypt do not show any significant divergence from the historical ages. On the other hand, the corrections based on dendrochronological samples show marked deviations for the same time period. A plea is, therefore, made to study old tree samples from Anatolia and Irish bogs and archaeological samples from west Asia to arrive at a more realistic calibration curve. (author)

Probing the possibility of a C-12/C-13 galactic abundance gradient

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hawkins, I.

1990-01-01

High S/N (equal to or greater than 500) observations of interstellar CH+ with the 3.0 m telescope were performed at Lick Observatory and with the 4.0 m telescope at CTIO, of the reddened, early-type stars HD 183143, HD 24432, and HD 157038 in an effort to probe the existence of a C-12/C-13 abundance gradient in our Galaxy. Previous very high quality optical observations of interstellar CH+ toward five stars within 1 kpc of the Sun have yielded a precise weighted mean C-12/C-13 isotope ratio of 43 plus or minus 4 (1 sigma) (Hawkins, Jura, and Meyer 1985; Hawkins and Jura 1987). The isotope ratios derived toward four lines of sight in the local ISM are uniform within 12 percent. The similarity among these carbon isotope ratios determined in diffuse clouds possessing different physical conditions precludes the possibility that the CH+ molecule is suffering from isotope selective effects in these regions. The precise C-12/C-13 derivable from high quality observations of (12)CH+ and (13)CH+ provide the unique opportunity to probe the homogeneity of the ISM in a large scale and the history of nucleosynthesis in our Galaxy. Since CH+ seems to be the most sensitive probe of C-12/C-13 in the diffuse ISM, observations toward more distant stars located up to 2.5 kpc from the Sun are the best way to study the possibility of a Galactic (C-12/C-13) abundance gradient. The researcher obtained 4232 angstrom data toward all three of the stars mentioned above, 3957 angstrom data toward HD 183143 and HD 157038, and 3745 angstrom data toward HD 157038. Because of the poorer quality of the HD 24432 spectrum, and its weaker CH+ absorption lines, the satellite (13)CH+ line was not detected, and thus only a lower limit on the C-12/C-13 ratio toward this star was obtained. The results obtained from careful reduction and analysis of the data toward these stars in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are presented

Reassessment of the C-13/C-12 and C-14/C-12 isotopic fractionation ratio and its impact on high-precision radiocarbon dating

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fahrni, Simon M.; Southon, John R.; Santos, Guaciara M.; Palstra, Sanne W. L.; Meijer, Harro A. J.; Xu, Xiaomei

2017-01-01

The vast majority of radiocarbon measurement results (C-14/C-12 isotopic ratios or sample activities) are corrected for isotopic fractionation processes (measured as C-13/C-12 isotopic ratios) that occur in nature, in sample preparation and measurement. In 1954 Harmon Craig suggested a value of 2.0

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Factors Affecting the Cycloplatination of the Chiral Ferrocenylaldimine (SC-[(η5-C5H5Fe{(η5-C5H4–C(H=N–CH(Me(C6H5}

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Concepción López

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The study of the reactivity of the enantiopure ferrocenyl Schiff base (SC-[FcCH=N–CH(Me(C6H5] (1 (Fc = (η5-C5H5Fe(η5-C5H4 with cis-[PtCl2(dmso2] under different experimental conditions is reported. Four different types of chiral Pt(II have been isolated and characterized. One of them is the enantiomerically pure trans-(SC-[Pt{κ1-N[FcCH=N–CH(Me(C6H5]}Cl2(dmso] (2a in which the imine acts as a neutral N-donor ligand; while the other three are the cycloplatinated complexes: [Pt{κ2-C,N [(C6H4–N=CHFc]}Cl(dmso] (7a and the two diastereomers {(Sp,SC and (Rp,SC} of [Pt{κ2-C,N[(η5-C5H3–CH=N–{CH(Me(C6H5}]Fe(η5-C5H5}Cl(dmso] (8a and 9a, respectively. Isomers 7a-9a, differ in the nature of the metallated carbon atom [CPh (in 7a or CFc (in 8a and 9a] or the planar chirality of the 1,2-disubstituted ferrocenyl unit (8a and 9a. Reactions of 7a–9a with PPh3 gave [Pt{κ2-C,N[(C6H4–N=CHFc]}Cl(PPh3] (in 7b and the diastereomers (Sp,SC and (Rp,SC of [Pt{κ2-C,N[(η5-C5H3–CH=N–{CH(Me(C6H5}] Fe(η5-C5H5}Cl(PPh3] (8b and 9b, respectively. Comparative studies of the electrochemical properties and cytotoxic activities on MCF7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines of 2a and cycloplatinated complexes 7b-9b are also reported. Theoretical studies based on DFT calculations have also been carried out in order to rationalize the results obtained from the cycloplatination of 1, the stability of the Pt(II complexes and their electrochemical properties.

Purine 3':5'-cyclic nucleotides with the nucleobase in a syn orientation: cAMP, cGMP and cIMP.

Science.gov (United States)

Řlepokura, Katarzyna Anna

2016-06-01

Purine 3':5'-cyclic nucleotides are very well known for their role as the secondary messengers in hormone action and cellular signal transduction. Nonetheless, their solid-state conformational details still require investigation. Five crystals containing purine 3':5'-cyclic nucleotides have been obtained and structurally characterized, namely adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate dihydrate, C10H12N5O6P·2H2O or cAMP·2H2O, (I), adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate 0.3-hydrate, C10H12N5O6P·0.3H2O or cAMP·0.3H2O, (II), guanosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate pentahydrate, C10H12N5O7P·5H2O or cGMP·5H2O, (III), sodium guanosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate tetrahydrate, Na(+)·C10H11N5O7P(-)·4H2O or Na(cGMP)·4H2O, (IV), and sodium inosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate tetrahydrate, Na(+)·C10H10N4O7P(-)·4H2O or Na(cIMP)·4H2O, (V). Most of the cyclic nucleotide zwitterions/anions [two from four cAMP present in total in (I) and (II), cGMP in (III), cGMP(-) in (IV) and cIMP(-) in (V)] are syn conformers about the N-glycosidic bond, and this nucleobase arrangement is accompanied by Crib-H...Npur hydrogen bonds (rib = ribose and pur = purine). The base orientation is tuned by the ribose pucker. An analysis of data obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database made in the context of syn-anti conformational preferences has revealed that among the syn conformers of various purine nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides and dinucleotides predominate significantly. The interactions stabilizing the syn conformation have been indicated. The inter-nucleotide contacts in (I)-(V) have been systematized in terms of the chemical groups involved. All five structures display three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks.

Search for 12 C+ 12 C clustering in 24 Mg ground state

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics; Volume 88; Issue 2. Search for 12C+12C clustering in 24Mg ground state. B N JOSHI ARUN K JAIN D C BISWAS B V JOHN Y K GUPTA L S DANU R P VIND G K PRAJAPATI S MUKHOPADHYAY A SAXENA. Regular Volume 88 Issue 2 February 2017 Article ID 29 ...

Effects of C5/C6 Intervertebral Space Distraction Height on Pressure on the Adjacent Intervertebral Disks and Articular Processes and Cervical Vertebrae Range of Motion.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Tingsheng; Luo, Chunshan; Ouyang, Beiping; Chen, Qiling; Deng, Zhongliang

2018-04-25

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between range of motion of the cervical vertebrae and various C5/C6 intervertebral space distraction heights. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cervical vertebrae from 6 fresh adult human cadavers were used to prepare the models. Changes in C4/C5 and C6/C7 intervertebral disk pressures, articular process pressure, and range of motion of the cervical vertebrae before and after the distraction of the C5/C6 intervertebral space at benchmark heights of 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% were tested under different exercise loads. RESULTS The pressure on the adjacent intervertebral disks was highest with the standing upright position before distraction, varied with different positions of the specimens and distraction heights after distraction, and was closest to that before distraction at a distraction height of 120% (Particular processes was highest with left and right rotations before distraction, varied with different positions of the specimens and distraction heights after distraction, and was lowest under the same exercise load with different positions at a distraction height of 120% (Pdistraction and at a distraction height of 120% after distraction, respectively (Particular processes and range of motion of the cervical vertebrae and is therefore an appropriate intervertebral space distraction height.

The {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C Ratio in Sgr B2(N): Constraints for Galactic Chemical Evolution and Isotopic Chemistry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Halfen, D. T.; Ziurys, L. M. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1305 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Woolf, N. J., E-mail: halfend@email.arizona.edu [Department of Astronomy, Arizona Radio Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)

2017-08-20

A study has been conducted of {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratios in five complex molecules in the Galactic center. H{sub 2}CS, CH{sub 3}CCH, NH{sub 2}CHO, CH{sub 2}CHCN, and CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CN and their {sup 13}C-substituted species have been observed in numerous transitions at 1, 2, and 3 mm, acquired in a spectral-line survey of Sgr B2(N), conducted with the telescopes of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO). Between 22 and 54 individual, unblended lines for the {sup 12}C species and 2–54 for {sup 13}C-substituted analogs were modeled in a global radiative transfer analysis. All five molecules were found to consistently exhibit two velocity components near V {sub LSR} ∼ 64 and 73 km s{sup −1}, with column densities ranging from N {sub tot} ∼ 3 × 10{sup 14} − 4 × 10{sup 17} cm{sup −2} and ∼2 × 10{sup 13} − 1 × 10{sup 17} cm{sup −2} for the {sup 12}C and {sup 13}C species, respectively. Based on 14 different isotopic combinations, ratios were obtained in the range {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C = 15 ± 5 to 33 ± 13, with an average value of 24 ± 7, based on comparison of column densities. These measurements better anchor the {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratio at the Galactic center, and suggest a slightly revised isotope gradient of {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C = 5.21(0.52) D {sub GC} + 22.6(3.3). As indicated by the column densities, no preferential {sup 13}C enrichment was found on the differing carbon sites of CH{sub 3}CCH, CH{sub 2}CHCN, and CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CN. Because of the elevated temperatures in Sgr B2(N), {sup 13}C isotopic substitution is effectively “scrambled,” diminishing chemical fractionation effects. The resulting ratios thus reflect stellar nucleosynthesis and Galactic chemical evolution, as is likely the case for most warm clouds.

Emission of particles in the 12 C + 12 C fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez Q, E.; Aguilera, E.F.; Rosales, P.

2002-01-01

A fusion process analysis of the 12 C + 12 C reaction is done, using the LILITA program. The analysis consisted mainly in varying the value of the Levels density parameter, determining on this way the value of such parameter which reproduces better the contribution of the different channels of fusion-evaporation of particles for this system at different energies. Moreover a comparison with measures done in the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares is realized. (Author)

Geochemical assessment of light gaseous hydrocarbons in near-surface soils of Kutch-Saurashtra: Implication for hydrocarbon prospects

Science.gov (United States)

Rao, P. Lakshmi Srinivasa; Madhavi, T.; Srinu, D.; Kalpana, M. S.; Patil, D. J.; Dayal, A. M.

2013-02-01

Light hydrocarbons in soil have been used as direct indicators in geochemical hydrocarbon exploration, which remains an unconventional path in the petroleum industry. The occurrence of adsorbed soil gases, methane and heavier homologues were recorded in the near-surface soil samples collected from Kutch-Saurashtra, India. Soil gas alkanes were interpreted to be derived from deep-seated hydrocarbon sources and have migrated to the surface through structural discontinuities. The source of hydrocarbons is assessed to be thermogenic and could have been primarily derived from humic organic matter with partial contribution from sapropelic matter. Gas chromatographic analyses of hydrocarbons desorbed from soil samples through acid extraction technique showed the presence of methane through n-butane and the observed concentrations (in ppb) vary from: methane (C1) from 4-291, ethane (C2) from 0-84, propane (C3) from 0-37, i-butane (iC4) from 0-5 and n-butane (nC4) from 0-4. Carbon isotopes measured for methane and ethane by GC-C-IRMS, range between -42.9‰ to -13.3‰ (Pee Dee Belemnite - PDB) and -21.2‰ to -12.4‰ (PDB), respectively. The increased occurrence of hydrocarbons in the areas near Anjar of Kutch and the area south to Rajkot of Saurashtra signifies the area potential for oil and gas.

Reduced combustion mechanism for C1-C4 hydrocarbons and its application in computational fluid dynamics flare modeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Damodara, Vijaya; Chen, Daniel H; Lou, Helen H; Rasel, Kader M A; Richmond, Peyton; Wang, Anan; Li, Xianchang

2017-05-01

Emissions from flares constitute unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), soot, and other partially burned and altered hydrocarbons along with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water. Soot or visible smoke is of particular concern for flare operators/regulatory agencies. The goal of the study is to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model capable of predicting flare combustion efficiency (CE) and soot emission. Since detailed combustion mechanisms are too complicated for (CFD) application, a 50-species reduced mechanism, LU 3.0.1, was developed. LU 3.0.1 is capable of handling C 4 hydrocarbons and soot precursor species (C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 6 H 6 ). The new reduced mechanism LU 3.0.1 was first validated against experimental performance indicators: laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition delay. Further, CFD simulations using LU 3.0.1 were run to predict soot emission and CE of air-assisted flare tests conducted in 2010 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, using ANSYS Fluent software. Results of non-premixed probability density function (PDF) model and eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model are discussed. It is also noteworthy that when used in conjunction with the EDC turbulence-chemistry model, LU 3.0.1 can reasonably predict volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions as well. A reduced combustion mechanism containing 50 C 1 -C 4 species and soot precursors has been developed and validated against experimental data. The combustion mechanism is then employed in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of modeling of soot emission and combustion efficiency (CE) of controlled flares for which experimental soot and CE data are available. The validated CFD modeling tools are useful for oil, gas, and chemical industries to comply with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) mandate to achieve smokeless flaring with a high CE.

Emission of particles in the {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C fusion; Emision de particulas en la fusion de {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez Q, E.; Aguilera, E.F.; Rosales, P. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2002-07-01

A fusion process analysis of the {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C reaction is done, using the LILITA program. The analysis consisted mainly in varying the value of the Levels density parameter, determining on this way the value of such parameter which reproduces better the contribution of the different channels of fusion-evaporation of particles for this system at different energies. Moreover a comparison with measures done in the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares is realized. (Author)

The 12C/13C ratio in stellar atmospheres. VI. Five luminous cool stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hinkle, K.H.; Lambert, D.L.; Snell, R.L.

1976-01-01

The isotopic abundance ratio, 12 C/ 13 C, is derived from the CO vibration rotation lines at 1.6 and 2.3 μ for five cool luminous stars by a simple curve-of-growth technique. A new analysis of CN lines at 8000 A is also described for α Sco and α Ori. Results derived independently from CO and CN are in agreement. Final results are 12 C/ 13 C=7 +- 2(α Ori), 12 +- 3(α Sco), 7 +- 3(β Peg), 25 +- 7(chi Cyg), 17 +- 4(α Her), and 7 +- 1.5(α Boo). The α Boo analysis provides a check on the CO curve-of-growth technique; the 12 C/ 13 C ratio from the 2.3 μ CO lines is in good agreement with the previously determined ratio from CN and CH lines

Comparative Shock-Tube Study of Autoignition and Plasma-Assisted Ignition of C2-Hydrocarbons

Science.gov (United States)

Kosarev, Ilya; Kindysheva, Svetlana; Plastinin, Eugeny; Aleksandrov, Nikolay; Starikovskiy, Andrey

2015-09-01

The dynamics of pulsed picosecond and nanosecond discharge development in liquid water, ethanol and hexane Using a shock tube with a discharge cell, ignition delay time was measured in a lean (φ = 0.5) C2H6:O2:Ar mixture and in lean (φ = 0.5) and stoichiometric C2H4:O2:Ar mixtures with a high-voltage nanosecond discharge and without it. The measured results were compared with the measurements made previously with the same setup for C2H6-, C2H5OH- and C2H2-containing mixtures. It was shown that the effect of plasma on ignition is almost the same for C2H6, C2H4 and C2H5OH. The reduction in time is smaller for C2H2, the fuel that is well ignited even without the discharge. Autoignition delay time was independent of the stoichiometric ratio for C2H6 and C2H4, whereas this time in stoichiometric C2H2- and C2H5OH-containing mixtures was noticeably shorter than that in the lean mixtures. Ignition after the discharge was not affected by a change in the stoichiometric ratio for C2H2 and C2H4, whereas the plasma-assisted ignition delay time for C2H6 and C2H5OH decreased as the equivalence ratio changed from 1 to 0.5. Ignition delay time was calculated in C2-hydrocarbon-containing mixtures under study by simulating separately discharge and ignition processes. Good agreement was obtained between new measurements and calculated ignition delay times.

12C(d,p) 13C reaction at Esub(d) = 30 MeV to the positive-parity states in 13C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohnuma, H.; Hoshino, N.; Mikoshiba, O.

1985-07-01

The 12 C(d, p) 13 C reaction has been studied at Esub(d) = 30 MeV. All the known positive-parity states of 13 C below 10 MeV in excitation energy, including the 7/2 + and 9/2 + states, are observed in this reaction. The angular distributions for these positive-parity bound and unbound states are analyzed in CCBA frame work. The 13 C wave functions, which reproduce the resonant and non-resonant scattering of neutrons from 12 C, also give good accounts of the experimentally observed angular distributions and energy spectra of outgoing protons in the 12 C(d, p) 13 C reaction. In most cases the cross section magnitude and the angular distribution shape are primarily determined by the 0 + x j component, even if it is only a small fraction of the total wave function. An exception is the 7/2 + state, where the main contribution comes from the 2 + x dsub(5/2) component. The inclusion of the 4 + state in 12 C and the gsub(9/2) and gsub(7/2) neutron components in the n + 12 C system has very small effects on the low-spin states, but is indispensable for a good fit to the 7/2 + and 9/2 + angular distributions. The transitions to the negative-parity states, 1/2 1 - , 3/2 1 - , 5/2 - , 7/2 - and 1/2 3 - , are also observed experimentally, and analyzed by DWBA. (author)

GC×GC measurements of C7-C11 aromatic and n-alkane hydrocarbons on Crete, in air from Eastern Europe during the MINOS campaign

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

X. Xu

2003-01-01

Full Text Available During the Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study (MINOS campaign in August 2001 gas-phase organic compounds were measured using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC at the Finokalia ground station, Crete. In this paper, C7-C11 aromatic and n-alkane measurements are presented and interpreted. The mean mixing ratios of the hydrocarbons varied from 1±1 pptv (i-propylbenzene to 43±36 pptv (toluene. The observed mixing ratios showed strong day-to-day variations and generally higher levels during the first half of the campaign. Mean diel profiles showed maxima at local midnight and late morning, and minima in the early morning and evening. Results from analysis using a simplified box model suggest that both the chemical sink (i.e. reaction with OH and the variability of source strengths were the causes of the observed variations in hydrocarbon mixing ratios. The logarithms of hydrocarbon concentrations were negatively correlated with the OH concentrations integral over a day prior to the hydrocarbon measurements. Slopes of the regression lines derived from these correlations for different compounds are compared with literature rate constants for their reactions with OH. The slopes for most compounds agree reasonably well with the literature rate constants. A sequential reaction model has been applied to the interpretation of the relationship between ethylbenzene and two of its potential products, i.e. acetophenone and benzeneacetaldehyde. The model can explain the good correlation observed between [acetophenone]/[ethylbenzene] and [benzeneacetaldehyde]/[ethylbenzene]. The model results and field measurements suggest that the reactivity of benzeneacetaldehyde may lie between those of acetophenone and ethylbenzene and that the ratio between yields of acetophenone and benzeneacetaldehyde may be up to 28:1. Photochemical ages of trace gases sampled at Finokalia during the campaign are estimated using the sequential reaction model and

Effects of repulsive three-body force in 12C + 12C scattering at 100A MeV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W.W. Qu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The angular distribution of 12C + 12C scattering at an incident energy of 100A MeV has been measured. The elastic and inelastic scatterings in 12C to the excitation energies of up to ∼45 MeV were measured simultaneously for the first time with the high-resolution Grand Raiden spectrometer at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP. The angular distributions of the elastic scattering to the ground state (01+ and inelastic scattering to the 4.44 MeV (21+ excited state were precisely obtained in the angular range of 1.0°–7.5° with a step of 0.1°. Additionally, the angular distribution was obtained for the sum of the cross sections for excitation energies above the 4.44 MeV state up to 11 MeV, which includes the 7.65 MeV (02+, 9.64 MeV (31−, and 10.30 MeV (22+ states, in addition to probably the simultaneous excitation of the 4.44 MeV state in the projectile and the target nuclei. Those combined data provide a means to study the effects of channel coupling on the elastic cross section. The observed angular distributions are compared with theoretical calculations based on three double-folding models with complex G-matrix interactions, the CEG07b, MPa, and ESC models. The importance of three-body repulsive forces included in the CEG07b and MPa models will be discussed.

Fracture characteristic in creep of a 5 Cr-1/2 Mo steel at 600 and 6500C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paiva, R.L.C. de; Monteiro, S.N.; Silveira, T.L.

The creep behavior of a 5 Cr-1/2 Mo steel was studied at 600 and 650 0 C. The caracteristics of fracture, observed by optical and scanning metallography, displayed a transition from intergranular to transgranular mode of rupture in the range of temperatures and stresses studied. This behavior was dicussed based upon the possible mechanisms for creep deformation taking place in this material [pt

Effect of curcumin Extract on Ttranslocation of Glut 4 in C2C12 Myotubes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J Zavarreza

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Curcumin is a major phenolic compound of Curcuma longa, which has long been used in traditional Indian medicine. Recently, curcumin has been reported to have antihyperglycemic activity in animal models. However, the molecular basis of this action has not been adequatedly described. In the present study the antihyperglycemic effect of curcumin was examined using C2C12 myoblast cells. Methods: The effects of curcumin were investigated in C2C12 myotubes by treating the cells with 40 µM of curcumin for 1.5 h. C2C12 myotubes were homogenized and the subcellular fractionation was prepared using ultracentrifugation; Then protein assay was performed using Bradford method and Glut4 determination was done using SDS-PAGE. Moreover, western immunoblotting techniques were exerted for semi-quantitative measurement. Data analysis was performed via gene tools software of Gel documentation and SPSS. An ANOVA test was used to compare three groups together. Results: Comparison of Glut4 levels in C2C12 myotubes showed that myotubes which were exposed to1.5 hours of 40 µM curcunin had higher Glut4 percentages in both cytosolic and membrane fractions and Glut4 percentages were significant with a confidence interval (CI of 95% ( P<0.05 . Conclusion: The study results showed that curcumin can strongly induce the increase of Glut4 translocation in differentiated C2C12 cells, indicating its possible regulatory role in the glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle cells

Enhancement of Palmarumycin C12 and C13 Production by the Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 in an Aqueous-Organic Solvent System.

Science.gov (United States)

Mou, Yan; Xu, Dan; Mao, Ziling; Dong, Xuejiao; Lin, Fengke; Wang, Ali; Lai, Daowan; Zhou, Ligang; Xie, Bingyan

2015-11-12

The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production in suspension culture of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Among the chosen solvents both butyl oleate and liquid paraffin were the most effective to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production. The addition of dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid to the cultures of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 significantly enhanced palmarumycin C12 production by adsorbing palmarumycin C12 into the organic phase. When butyl oleate was fed at 5% (v/v) in medium at the beginning of fermentation (day 0), the highest palmarumycin C12 yield (191.6 mg/L) was achieved, about a 34.87-fold increase in comparison with the control (5.3 mg/L). n-Dodecane, 1-hexadecene and liquid paraffin had a great influence on the production of palmarumycin C13. When liquid paraffin was added at 10% (v/v) in medium on day 3 of fermentation, the palmarumycin C13 yield reached a maximum value (134.1 mg/L), which was 4.35-fold that of the control (30.8 mg/L). Application of the aqueous-organic solvent system should be a simple and efficient process strategy for enhancing palmarumycin C12 and C13 production in liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12.

Enhancement of Palmarumycin C12 and C13 Production by the Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 in an Aqueous-Organic Solvent System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan Mou

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production in suspension culture of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Among the chosen solvents both butyl oleate and liquid paraffin were the most effective to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production. The addition of dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid to the cultures of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 significantly enhanced palmarumycin C12 production by adsorbing palmarumycin C12 into the organic phase. When butyl oleate was fed at 5% (v/v in medium at the beginning of fermentation (day 0, the highest palmarumycin C12 yield (191.6 mg/L was achieved, about a 34.87-fold increase in comparison with the control (5.3 mg/L. n-Dodecane, 1-hexadecene and liquid paraffin had a great influence on the production of palmarumycin C13. When liquid paraffin was added at 10% (v/v in medium on day 3 of fermentation, the palmarumycin C13 yield reached a maximum value (134.1 mg/L, which was 4.35-fold that of the control (30.8 mg/L. Application of the aqueous-organic solvent system should be a simple and efficient process strategy for enhancing palmarumycin C12 and C13 production in liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12.

Characterization of an acute muscle contraction model using cultured C2C12 myotubes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yasuko Manabe

Full Text Available A cultured C2C12 myotube contraction system was examined for application as a model for acute contraction-induced phenotypes of skeletal muscle. C2C12 myotubes seeded into 4-well rectangular plates were placed in a contraction system equipped with a carbon electrode at each end. The myotubes were stimulated with electric pulses of 50 V at 1 Hz for 3 ms at 997-ms intervals. Approximately 80% of the myotubes were observed to contract microscopically, and the contractions lasted for at least 3 h with electrical stimulation. Calcium ion (Ca²⁺ transient evoked by the electric pulses was detected fluorescently with Fluo-8. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt (Akt, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1/2, which are intracellular signaling proteins typically activated in exercised/contracted skeletal muscle, was observed in the electrically stimulated C2C12 myotubes. The contractions induced by the electric pulses increased glucose uptake and depleted glycogen in the C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 myotubes that differentiated after exogenous gene transfection by a lipofection or an electroporation method retained their normal contractile ability by electrical stimulation. These findings show that our C2C12 cell contraction system reproduces the muscle phenotypes that arise invivo (exercise, in situ (hindlimb muscles in an anesthetized animal, and invitro (dissected muscle tissues in incubation buffer by acute muscle contraction, demonstrating that the system is applicable for the analysis of intracellular events evoked by acute muscle contraction.

C5a regulates IL-12+ DC migration to induce pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in sepsis.

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Ning Ma

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: It is well known that complement system C5a is excessively activated during the onset of sepsis. However, it is unclear whether C5a can regulate dentritic cells (DCs to stimulate adaptive immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 in sepsis. METHODS: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP. CLP-induced sepsis was treated with anti-C5a or IL-12. IL-12(+DC, IFNγ(+Th1, and IL-17(+Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-12 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Our studies here showed that C5a induced IL-12(+DC cell migration from the peritoneal cavity to peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Furthermore, IL-12(+DC cells induced the expansion of pathogenic IFNγ(+Th1 and IL-17(+Th17 cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Moreover, IL-12, secreted by DC cells in the peritoneal cavity, is an important factor that prevents the development of sepsis. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that C5a regulates IL-12(+DC cell migration to induce pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in sepsis.

Synthesis of (9Z, 12E-, (9E, 12Z-[1-¹⁴C]-linoleic acid, (9Z, 12Z, 15E-, (9E, 12Z, 15Z-[1-¹⁴C]-linolenic acid and (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14E-[1-¹⁴C]-arachidonic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enard, Thierry

1996-04-01

Full Text Available Trans polyunsaturated fatty acids are produced in vegetable oils during heat treatment (240-250 °C.ln order to study the metabolic pathway of 9c, 12t and 9t, 12c linoleic acid and 9c, 12c, 15t and 9t, 12c, 15c linolenic acid, these products were prepared labelled with carbon 14 in the carboxylic position. 5c, 8c, 11c, 14t-Arachidonic acid was also labelled on the carboxylic position with carbon 14 in order to study its physiological effects. To introduce the labelling (E-bromo precursors with a 17 carbons chain or a 19 carbon chain were needed. The different syntheses were done by elongation steps and creation of cis double bonds via highly stereospecific Wittig reactions. The radioactive carbon atom was introduced from [¹⁴C]-potassium cyanide. The final radioactive fatty acids had a specific activity greater than 50 mCi/mmol and a radioactive purity better than 99 % for linoleic and linolenic and better than 98.6 % for arachidonic acid.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes and methods of making and using same for separation of c2- and c3+ hydrocarbons and separation of propylene and propane mixtures

KAUST Repository

Lai, Zhiping

2012-12-06

Certain embodiments are directed to processes for fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes. These ZIF membranes can be used in separating C2-hydrocarbons from C3+ hydrocarbons and propylene/propane mixtures.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes and methods of making and using same for separation of c2- and c3+ hydrocarbons and separation of propylene and propane mixtures

KAUST Repository

Lai, Zhiping; Pan, Yichang

2012-01-01

Certain embodiments are directed to processes for fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes. These ZIF membranes can be used in separating C2-hydrocarbons from C3+ hydrocarbons and propylene/propane mixtures.

Vitamin C-linker-conjugated tripeptide AHK stimulates BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Jung-Il; Park, Kyeong-Yong; Lee, Yura; Park, Mira; Kim, Jiyeon

2018-03-15

Vitamin C-linker-conjugated Ala-His-Lys tripeptide (Vit C-AHK) is a derivative of Vitamin C-conjugated tripeptides, which were originally developed as a component of a product for collagen synthesis enhancement or human dermal fibroblast growth. Here, we investigated the effect of Vit C-AHK on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Vit C-AHK enhanced proliferation of C2C12 cells and induction of BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase, a typical marker of osteoblast differentiation. Vit C-AHK also stimulated the phosphorylation and translocation of Smad1/5/8 to the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, Vit C-AHK enhanced the BMP-2-induced mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes such as ALP, BMP-2, Osteocalcin, and Runx2. Our results suggest that Vit C-AHK exerts an enhancing effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through activation of Smad1/5/8 and MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling and without significant cytotoxicity. These results provide important data for the development of peptide-based bone-regenerative agents and treatment of bone-related disorders. Copyright © 2018 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Partial inelasticity coefficients of negative pions in p, d, α, 12C + 12C and p, 12C + 181Ta collisions at 4.2 GeV/c per nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olimov, K.K.; Olimov, K.; Gulamov, K.G.; Olimov, A.K.; Lutpullaev, S.L.; Yuldashev, B.S.; Haseeb, M.Q.

2015-01-01

The partial inelasticity coefficients of the negative pions were determined in minimum bias p, d, α, 12 C + 12 C and p, 12 C + 18 Ta collisions at 4.2A GeV/c taking into account the average number of participant nucleons of a projectile nucleus. In nucleus–nucleus collisions, the average values of partial inelasticity coefficients (〈K(π-)〉) of the negative pions did not depend on the mass numbers of projectile and target nuclei. Increase of 〈K(π - )〉 in going from p + 12 C to d, α, 12 C + 12 C collisions was due to an additional source of production of fast negative pions in nucleus–nucleus collisions — a charge exchange conversion of one or more neutrons of a projectile nucleus into a proton and π - . Linking the experimental results of the present analysis at intermediate energy with those obtained at high and ultra-high energies, it was concluded that the average values of partial inelasticity coefficients of pions in nucleon–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions manifest a transitive behavior. At intermediate energies, the values of 〈K(π - )〉 were smaller by a factor of two and more as compared to those at high energies, and they increased further with increasing incident energy, reaching a plateau at E 0 > 100A GeV. (author)

Comparison of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils

OpenAIRE

Sivaram, Anithadevi Kenday; Logeshwaran, Panneerselvan; Subashchandrabose, Suresh R.; Lockington, Robin; Naidu, Ravi; Megharaj, Mallavarapu

2018-01-01

The phytoremediation technique has been demonstrated to be a viable option for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sites. This study evaluated the potential applicability of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for the phytoremediation of recalcitrant high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs contaminated soil. A 60 and 120-day greenhouse study was conducted which showed higher degradation of HMW PAHs in soil grown with C4 plants when compared to C3 plants...

The C-12/C-13 abundance ratio in Comet Halley

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wyckoff, S.; Lindholm, E.; Wehinger, P.A.; Peterson, B.A.; Zucconi, J.M.

1989-01-01

The individual (C-13)N rotational lines in Comet Halley are resolved using high-resolution spectra of the CN B2Sigma(+)-X2Sigma(+) (0,0) band. The observe C-12/C-13 abundance ratio excludes a site of origin for the comet near Uranus and Neptune and suggests a condensation environment quite distinct from other solar system bodies. Two theories are presented for the origin of Comet Halley. One theory suggest that the comet originated 4.5 Gyr ago in an inner Oort cloud at a heliocentric distance greater than 100 AU where chemical fractionation led to the C-13 enrichment in the CN parent molecule prior to condensation of the comet nucleus. According to the other, more plausible theory, the comet nucleus condensed relatively recently from the interstellar medium which has become enriches in C-13 and was subsequently gravitationally captured by the solar system. 107 refs

Hydrodeoxygenation of the angelica lactone dimer, a cellulose-based feedstock: simple, high-yield synthesis of branched C7 -C10 gasoline-like hydrocarbons.

Science.gov (United States)

Mascal, Mark; Dutta, Saikat; Gandarias, Inaki

2014-02-10

Dehydration of biomass-derived levulinic acid under solid acid catalysis and treatment of the resulting angelica lactone with catalytic K2 CO3 produces the angelica lactone dimer in excellent yield. This dimer serves as a novel feedstock for hydrodeoxygenation, which proceeds under relatively mild conditions with a combination of oxophilic metal and noble metal catalysts to yield branched C7 -C10 hydrocarbons in the gasoline volatility range. Considering that levulinic acid is available in >80 % conversion from raw biomass, a field-to-tank yield of drop-in, cellulosic gasoline of >60 % is possible. Copyright © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Experimental measurement of 12C+16O fusion at stellar energies

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, X.; Tan, W. P.; Beard, M.; deBoer, R. J.; Gilardy, G.; Jung, H.; Liu, Q.; Lyons, S.; Robertson, D.; Setoodehnia, K.; Seymour, C.; Stech, E.; Vande Kolk, B.; Wiescher, M.; deSouza, R. T.; Hudan, S.; Singh, V.; Tang, X. D.; Uberseder, E.

2017-10-01

The total cross section of the 12C+16O fusion reaction has been measured at low energies to investigate the role of this reaction during late stellar evolution burning phases. A high-intensity oxygen beam, produced by the 5 MV pelletron accelerator at the University of Notre Dame, impinged on a thick, ultrapure graphite target. Protons and γ rays were simultaneously measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.64 to 5.01 MeV for singles and from 3.73 to 4.84 MeV for coincidence events, using silicon and Ge detectors. Statistical model calculations were employed to interpret the experimental results. The emergence of a new resonance-like broad structure and a decreasing trend in the S -factor data towards lower energies (opposite to previous data) are found for the 12C+16O fusion reaction. Based on these results the uncertainty range of the reaction rate within the temperature range of late stellar burning environments is discussed.

Structure in the 12C+ 12C and 8Be+16O fission width distribution of 24Mg observed via the reaction 12C(16O,α)24Mg(→X+Y)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lazzarini, A.J.; Steadman, S.G.; Ledoux, R.J.; Sperduto, A.; Young, G.R.; Van Bibber, K.; Cosman, E.R.

1983-01-01

Prominent gross and intermediate width structures are observed in the 12 C+ 12 C, 12 C+ 12 C((2 + ), 1 C((2 + )+ 12 C((2 + ), 8 Be+ 16 O, and 8 Be+ 16 O + (3 - , O + ) decay channels following 24 Mg* population via the 12 C( 16 O,α) 24 Mg reaction at E/sub c.m./ = 33 MeV. Evidence that the 12 C( 16 O,α) 24 Mg reaction populates states in 24 Mg which are associated with 12 C+ 12 C resonances is presented in the form of correlation analyses between the α+ 12 C+ 12 C three-body spectra and previously measured 12 C+ 12 C elastic and inelastic excitation functions. Direct determination of 12 C+ 12 C widths from these measurements is obscured by a background of other strong transitions which appear to be present in the 12 C( 16 O,α) 24 Mg singles spectrum

Kinetics of Hydrocarbon formation in a-C:H film deposition plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De la Cal, E.; Tabares, F.L.

1993-01-01

The formation of C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbons during the PACVD of a-C-H films from admixtures of methane with H 2 and He has been investigated by mass spectrometry under several deposition condition. The time evolution of the observed species indicates that the formation mechanism of ethylene and acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the film. Acetylene are sensitive to the conditions of the wall during the growing of the carburized metal. (Author)

Oracle 12c for dummies

CERN Document Server

Ruel, Chris

2013-01-01

Demystifying the power of the Oracle 12c database The Oracle database is the industry-leading relational database management system (RDMS) used from small companies to the world's largest enterprises alike for their most critical business and analytical processing. Oracle 12c includes industry leading enhancements to enable cloud computing and empowers users to manage both Big Data and traditional data structures faster and cheaper than ever before. Oracle 12c For Dummies is the perfect guide for a novice database administrator or an Oracle DBA who is new to Oracle 12c. The book covers what

Observation of non-statistical structures in the excitation function of the reaction 10B(14N,12C)12C under extreme forward angles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klauss, E.U.

1984-01-01

In the present thesis the excitation functions of the reaction 10 B( 14 N, 12 C) 12 C to the ground states, the first excited state at 4.43 MeV (Jsup(π) = 2 1 + ) of a 12 C residual nucleus, and to the double excitation of ejectile and residue nucleus to the 4.43 state are studied. The measurements were performed in an energy range 13MeV 14 N) 0 (in the c.m. system). By a fitting to elastic scattering data the optical potential for 10 B+ 14 N was determined. With this potential it was tried by means of Hauser-Feshbach calculations to calculate the cross sections of the reaction 10 B( 14 N, 12 C) 12 C. The strong 16 + resonance and indications of 18 + in the excitation function of the reaction 10 B( 14 N, 12 Csub(g.s.)) 12 Csub(g.s.) should be pronounced. An unexpected large cross section was observed in the reaction 10 B( 14 N, 12 Csub(g.s.)) 12 C(4 1 + ). This is considered as a further indication to the strong contribution of a direct process. (orig./HSI) [de

Leucine Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chunzi Liang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrate that dietary leucine protects against high fat diet-induced mitochondrial impairments and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and energy partitioning from adipocytes to muscle cells through SIRT1-mediated mechanisms. Moreover, β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB, a metabolite of leucine, has been reported to activate AMPK synergistically with resveratrol in C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, we hypothesize that leucine-induced activation of SIRT1 and AMPK is the central event that links the upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Thus, C2C12 myotubes were treated with leucine (0.5 mM, alanine (0.5 mM, valine (0.5 mM, EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor, 25 μM, and Compound C (AMPK inhibitor, 25 μM alone or in combination to determine the roles of AMPK and SIRT1 in leucine-modulation of energy metabolism. Leucine significantly increased mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes expression, fatty acid oxidation, SIRT1 activity and gene expression, and AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes compared to the controls, while EX527 and Compound C markedly attenuated these effects. Furthermore, leucine treatment for 24 hours resulted in time-dependent increases in cellular NAD+, SIRT1 activity, and p-AMPK level, with SIRT1 activation preceding that of AMPK, indicating that leucine activation of SIRT1, rather than AMPK, is the primary event.

C1-2 arthrography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chevrot, A [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Cermakova, E [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Vallee, C [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Chancelier, M D [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Chemla, N [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Rousselin, B [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France); Langer-Cherbit, A [Service de Radiologie B, Hopital Cochin, 75 - Paris (France)

1995-08-01

One hundred patients with the following conditions were studied: cervical pain or neuralgia without radiographic changes, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis and diverse conditions. The technique consists of lateral puncture of the posterior aspect of the C1-2 joint with a 20-gauge needle under fluoroscopic control, arthrography using 1 ml contrast medium, and a 1-ml long-acting steroid injection subsequently. The articular cavity has an anterior and a posterior recess. Sometimes the posterior recess is large. In 18% of cases the contralateral joint also opacifies. C1-2 arthrography appears to be an efficient and safe technique for the treatment of upper cervical pain due to C1-2 articular disorders. (orig.)

C1-2 arthrography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chevrot, A.; Cermakova, E.; Vallee, C.; Chancelier, M.D.; Chemla, N.; Rousselin, B.; Langer-Cherbit, A.

1995-01-01

One hundred patients with the following conditions were studied: cervical pain or neuralgia without radiographic changes, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis and diverse conditions. The technique consists of lateral puncture of the posterior aspect of the C1-2 joint with a 20-gauge needle under fluoroscopic control, arthrography using 1 ml contrast medium, and a 1-ml long-acting steroid injection subsequently. The articular cavity has an anterior and a posterior recess. Sometimes the posterior recess is large. In 18% of cases the contralateral joint also opacifies. C1-2 arthrography appears to be an efficient and safe technique for the treatment of upper cervical pain due to C1-2 articular disorders. (orig.)

Synthesis of g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and application as a new sorbent for solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Man; Cui, Shihai; Yang, Xiaodi; Bi, Wentao

2015-01-01

An easy preparation of g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites by chemical co-precipitation has been demonstrated. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The high affinity of g-C3N4 toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 were combined to provide an efficient and simple magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). The adsorption and desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on g-C3N4/Fe3O4 were examined. Different factors affecting the magnetic solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were assessed in terms of adsorption, desorption, and recovery. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method showed good limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) in the range of 0.05-0.1 ng mL(-1) and precision in the range of 1.8-5.3% (RSDs, n=3). This method was also successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples; good spiked recoveries over the range of 80.0-99.8% were obtained. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Systematic study of multi-nucleon transfer reactions for 12C + 58Ni and 12C + 56Fe systems at ELab(12C) = 45 and 60 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roy, B.J.; Jha, V.; Biswas, D.C.; Parmar, A.; Mohanty, Biraja; Oswal, M.; Jhingan, Akhil; Nandi, T.

2013-01-01

With a motivation to understand the reaction mechanism aspects, systematic study of multi-nucleon transfer in different projectile + target combinations has been made. Data taken at the BARC-TIFR Pelletron - LINAC facility, Mumbai for the systems 18 O+ 206 Pb and 18 O+ 12 C both studied at an incident energy of E( 18 O) = 140.4 MeV are reported in different communications to this proceedings. The present communication reports the measurements for 58 Ni( 12 C, x) and 56 Fe( 12 C, x) at incident 12 C energies of E( 12 C) = 45 and 60 MeV carried out at the pelletron accelerator facility, IUAC, Delhi

A study of light hydrocarbons (C{sub 4}-C{sub 1}3) in source rocks and petroleum fluid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Odden, Wenche

2000-07-01

This thesis consists of an introduction and five included papers. Of these, four papers are published in international journals and the fifth was submitted for review in April 2000. Emphasis has been placed on both naturally and artificially generated light hydrocarbons in petroleum fluids and their proposed source rocks as well as direct application of light hydrocarbons to oil/source rock correlations. Collectively, these papers describe a strategy for interpreting the source of the light hydrocarbons in original oils and condensates as well as the source of the asphaltene fractions from the reservoir fluids. The influence of maturity on light hydrocarbon composition has also been evaluated. The papers include (1) compositional data on the light hydrocarbons from thermal extracts and kerogen pyrolysates of sediment samples, (2) light hydrocarbon data of oils and condensates as well as the pyrolysis products of the asphaltenes from these fluids, (3) assessment of compositional alteration effects, such as selective losses of light hydrocarbons due to evaporation, thermal maturity, phase fractionation and biodegradation, (4) comparison of naturally and artificially generated light hydrocarbons, and (5) compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of the whole range of hydrocarbons of all sample types. (author)

Reactive organic air components (C{sub 6}-C{sub 12}) of anthropogenic and biogenic origin in deciduous and coniferous forests. Final report; Reaktive organische Luftkomponenten (C{sub 6}-C{sub 12}) anthropogenen und biogenen Ursprungs in Laub- und Nadelwaeldern. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steinbrecher, R.; Fehsenfeld, U.; Hauff, K.; Jocher, M.; Kolb, C.; Reichmann, A.; Steinbrecher, J.; Tranos, S.; Wiedemann, M.

1996-08-01

Biogenic hydrocarbons are known to act as important precursors in tropospheric photochemical ozone formation. Large uncertainties exist about the composition of the mix of volatile organic compounds, emitted by various plant species and the respective emission rates. The emission and deposition behavior of C{sub 6} to C{sub 12} volatile organic compounds (VOC) in Norway spruce forests, oak/pine forests, grassland and the Mediterranean Garigue were studied in detail. The cuvette technique was used to study the emission form the soil, trunks and twigs. The gradient method and the REA-technique were used to obtain canopy fluxes. Among the investigated ecosystems, forests and the Mediterranean Garigue were strong monoterpene emitters, grassland emitted negligible amounts of VOC. Tall forests may act as a sink for anthropogenic hydrocarbons. In a dense Norway spruce forests the contribution of the soil to the total canopy emission was small, the fraction of the steam region may range from 1 to 64% and is not clear yet. For the upper suncrown, with ca. 80% of the needle surfaces the most important source for isoprene and monoterpenes of a closed canopy, a emission factor for {alpha}-pinene of 636 pmol m{sup -2} total needle surface s{sup -1} (30 C leaf temperature and 1000 {mu}E PAR) was calculated. In contrast to the general opinion the main controlling factors of the {alpha}-pinene emission from Norway spruce twigs and the monoterpene emission from Mediterranean oaks are light and temperature. The results of this research were used to update biogenic VOC emission inventories and a significant improvement was achieved. (orig.) [Deutsch] Biogene Kohlenwasserstoffe sind wichtige Vorlaeufer fuer die photochemische Ozonbildung in der Troposphaere. Ueber die qualitative Zusammensetzung der Emissionen von fluechtigen organischen Verbindungen aus der Vegetation und die Quellenstaerken der verschiedenen Verbindungen bestehen grosse Unsicherheiten. In Fichtenwaeldern, Kiefern

Advanced TiC/a-C : H nanocomposite coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pei, Y.T.; Galvan, D.; Hosson, J.Th.M. De; Strondl, C.

2006-01-01

TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings have been deposited by magnetron Sputtering. They consist of 2-5 nm TiC nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H) matrix. A transition from a Columnar to a glassy microstructure has been observed in the nanocomposite coatings with increasing

Photochemical Formation of C1-C5 Alkyl Nitrates in Suburban Hong Kong and over the South China Sea.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Lewei; Lyu, Xiaopu; Guo, Hai; Zou, Shichun; Ling, Zhenhao

2018-04-24

Alkyl nitrates (RONO 2 ) are important reservoirs of atmospheric nitrogen, regulating nitrogen cycling and ozone (O 3 ) formation. In this study, we found that propane and n-butane were significantly lower at the offshore site (WSI) in Hong Kong ( p 0.05). Stronger oxidative capacity at WSI led to more efficient RONO 2 formation. Relative incremental reactivity (RIR) was for the first time used to evaluate RONO 2 -precursor relationships. In contrast to a consistently volatile organic compounds (VOC)-limited regime at TC, RONO 2 formation at WSI switched from VOC-limited regime during O 3 episodes to VOC and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) colimited regime during nonepisodes. Furthermore, unlike the predominant contributions of parent hydrocarbons to C 4 -C 5 RONO 2 , the production of C 1 -C 3 RONO 2 was more sensitive to other VOCs like aromatics and carbonyls, which accounted for ∼40-90% of the productions of C 1 -C 3 alkylperoxy (RO 2 ) and alkoxy radicals (RO) at both sites. This resulted from the decomposition of larger RO 2 /RO and the change of OH abundance under the photochemistry of other VOCs. This study advanced our understanding of the photochemical formation of RONO 2 , particularly the relationships between RONO 2 and their precursors, which were not confined to the parent hydrocarbons.

IMPROVED LINE DATA FOR THE SWAN SYSTEM 12C13C ISOTOPOLOGUE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ram, Ram S.; Brooke, James S. A.; Bernath, Peter F.; Sneden, Christopher; Lucatello, Sara

2014-01-01

We present new, accurate predictions for rotational line positions, excitation energies, and transition probabilities of the 12 C 13 C isotopologue Swan d 3 Π-a 3 Π system 0-0, 0–1, 0–2, 1–0, 1–1, 1–2, 2–0, 2–1, and 2–2 vibrational bands. The line positions and energy levels were predicted through new analyses of published laboratory data for the 12 C 13 C lines. Transition probabilities were derived from recent computations of transition dipole moments and related quantities. The 12 C 13 C line data were combined with similar data for 12 C 2, reported in a companion paper, and applied to produce synthetic spectra of carbon-rich metal-poor stars that have strong C 2 Swan bands. The matches between synthesized and observed spectra were used to estimate band head positions for a few of the 12 C 13 C vibrational bands and to verify that the new computed line data match observed spectra. The much weaker C 2 lines of the bright red giant Arcturus were also synthesized in the band head regions

Angular correlation measurements for {sup 12}C{sup 12}C,{sup 12}C{sup 12}C 3{sup -} scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wuosmaa, A.H.; Betts, R.R.; Freer, M.

1995-08-01

Previous studies of inelastic {sup 12}C + {sup 12}C scattering to a variety of final states identified significant resonance behavior in a number of different reaction channels. These resonances can be interpreted as either potential scattering resonances, or as population of cluster structures in the compound nucleus {sup 24}Mg, or as some interplay between the two mechanisms. Currently, for many of these resonances the situation remains unclear. One example is a large peak observed in the excitation function for the 3{sup -} - g.s. excitation, identified in previous work performed at the Daresbury Laboratory in England. This peak is observed at the same center-of-mass energy as one observed in the O{sub 2}{sup +}-O{sub 2}{sup +} inelastic scattering channel. That structure was suggested to correspond to exotic deformed configurations in the compound nucleus {sup 24}Mg. As the peak in the 3{sup -} + g.s. exit channel occurs at precisely the same energy as the purported resonance, it is tempting to associate the two. Before such an association can be confirmed or ruled out, further information must be obtained about the 3{sup -} + g.s. structure. In particular, it is important to determine the angular momenta that dominate the 3{sup -} + g.s. structure.

Cobalt triggers necrotic cell death and atrophy in skeletal C2C12 myotubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rovetta, Francesca; Stacchiotti, Alessandra; Faggi, Fiorella; Catalani, Simona; Apostoli, Pietro; Fanzani, Alessandro; Aleo, Maria Francesca

2013-01-01

Severe poisoning has recently been diagnosed in humans having hip implants composed of cobalt–chrome alloys due to the release of particulate wear debris on polyethylene and ceramic implants which stimulates macrophagic infiltration and destroys bone and soft tissue, leading to neurological, sensorial and muscular impairments. Consistent with this premise, in this study, we focused on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Co(II) ions on skeletal muscle using mouse skeletal C2C12 myotubes as an in vitro model. As detected using propidium iodide incorporation, increasing CoCl 2 doses (from 5 to 200 μM) affected the viability of C2C12 myotubes, mainly by cell necrosis, which was attenuated by necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of the necroptotic branch of the death domain receptor signaling pathway. On the other hand, apoptosis was hardly detectable as supported by the lack of caspase-3 and -8 activation, the latter resulting in only faint activation after exposure to higher CoCl 2 doses for prolonged time points. Furthermore, CoCl 2 treatment resulted in atrophy of the C2C12 myotubes which was characterized by the increased expression of HSP25 and GRP94 stress proteins and other typical 'pro-atrophic molecular hallmarks, such as early activation of the NF-kB pathway and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation, followed by the activation of the proteasome and autophagy systems. Overall, these results suggested that cobalt may impact skeletal muscle homeostasis as an inducer of cell necrosis and myofiber atrophy. - Highlights: • The effects of cobalt on muscle myofibers in vitro were investigated. • Cobalt treatment mainly causes cell necrosis in skeletal C2C12 myotubes. • Cobalt impacts the PI3K/AKT and NFkB pathways and induces cell stress markers. • Cobalt induces atrophy of C2C12 myotubes through the activation of proteasome and autophagy systems. • Co treatment triggers NF-kB and PI3K/AKT pathways in C2C12 myotubes

Cobalt triggers necrotic cell death and atrophy in skeletal C2C12 myotubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rovetta, Francesca [Unit of Biotechnologies, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) (Italy); Stacchiotti, Alessandra [Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Faggi, Fiorella [Unit of Biotechnologies, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) (Italy); Catalani, Simona; Apostoli, Pietro [Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Fanzani, Alessandro, E-mail: fanzani@med.unibs.it [Unit of Biotechnologies, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) (Italy); Aleo, Maria Francesca, E-mail: aleo@med.unibs.it [Unit of Biotechnologies, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia I-25123 (Italy); Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) (Italy)

2013-09-01

Severe poisoning has recently been diagnosed in humans having hip implants composed of cobalt–chrome alloys due to the release of particulate wear debris on polyethylene and ceramic implants which stimulates macrophagic infiltration and destroys bone and soft tissue, leading to neurological, sensorial and muscular impairments. Consistent with this premise, in this study, we focused on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Co(II) ions on skeletal muscle using mouse skeletal C2C12 myotubes as an in vitro model. As detected using propidium iodide incorporation, increasing CoCl{sub 2} doses (from 5 to 200 μM) affected the viability of C2C12 myotubes, mainly by cell necrosis, which was attenuated by necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of the necroptotic branch of the death domain receptor signaling pathway. On the other hand, apoptosis was hardly detectable as supported by the lack of caspase-3 and -8 activation, the latter resulting in only faint activation after exposure to higher CoCl{sub 2} doses for prolonged time points. Furthermore, CoCl{sub 2} treatment resulted in atrophy of the C2C12 myotubes which was characterized by the increased expression of HSP25 and GRP94 stress proteins and other typical 'pro-atrophic molecular hallmarks, such as early activation of the NF-kB pathway and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation, followed by the activation of the proteasome and autophagy systems. Overall, these results suggested that cobalt may impact skeletal muscle homeostasis as an inducer of cell necrosis and myofiber atrophy. - Highlights: • The effects of cobalt on muscle myofibers in vitro were investigated. • Cobalt treatment mainly causes cell necrosis in skeletal C2C12 myotubes. • Cobalt impacts the PI3K/AKT and NFkB pathways and induces cell stress markers. • Cobalt induces atrophy of C2C12 myotubes through the activation of proteasome and autophagy systems. • Co treatment triggers NF-kB and PI3K/AKT pathways in C2C12 myotubes.

CSDA range, stopping power and mean penetration depth energy relationships in some hydrocarbons and biologic materials for 10 eV to 100 MeV with the modified Rohrlich-Carlson model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guemues, Hasan [Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Samsun (Turkey); Bentabet, Abdelouahab [Bordj Bou Arreridj University, LCVRN, SNVSTU Faculty, El Anasser (Algeria)

2017-05-15

In this study, for some hydrocarbons and biological compounds, stopping power formula are presented, being valid for low and intermediate electron energies. In addition, calculation of the continuous slowing down approximation range (CSDA range) from the stopping power is also made. Calculation of the CSDA range for some hydrocarbons: C{sub 2}H{sub 6} (ethane), C{sub 4}H{sub 10} (butane), C{sub 6}H{sub 14} (hexane) C{sub 8}H{sub 18} (octane), C{sub 5}H{sub 5}N{sub 5} (adenine) and C{sub 5}H{sub 5}N{sub 5}O (guanine) have been introduced for incident electrons in the energy range 30 eV to 1 MeV. The range of electrons has been calculated within the continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) using modified Rohrlich and Carlson formula of stopping power. Besides, we have calculated the mean penetration depths using a spherical geometric model developed by Bentabet (Vacuum 86:1855-1859, 35). The results have been compared with the other theoretical results, Monte Carlo code such as PENELOPE predictions and semi-empirical results. The calculated results of CSDA ranges for electrons in the energy range from 20 eV to 100 MeV are found to be in good agreement to within 10% with available date. (orig.)

Five-nucleon simultaneous and sequential transfer in the 12C(11B,6Li)17O and 12C(d,7Li)7Be reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jarczyk, L.; Kamys, B.; Kistryn, M.; Magiera, A.; Rudy, Z.; Strzal/kowski, A.; Barna, R.; DAmico, V.; De Pasquale, D.; Italiano, A.; Licandro, M.

1996-01-01

Measurements of the angular distributions of the 12 C( 11 B, 6 Li) 17 O reaction were performed at three energies of a 11 B beam: 28, 35, and 40 MeV. The results were analyzed in the frame of the exact finite range distorted wave Born approximation of the first and the second order assuming the simultaneous and sequential transfer of the neutron and the α particle. Such an analysis was also performed for previously measured angular distributions of the 12 C(d, 7 Li) 7 Be reaction at E lab = 78 MeV. In both reactions under investigation dominance was found of the simultaneous transfer of the α particle and the nucleon correlated to the 5 He ( 5 Li) cluster in the ground or the first excited state. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

Determination of reaction cross sections with the aid of α decay in the 12C, 14C + 209Bl reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hick, H.

1980-01-01

For the reactions 14 C + 209 Bi and 12 C + 209 Bi excitation functions at energies in the range between 57 MeV and 76 MeV are measured. Radiative capture and particle evaporation cross sections were determined by means of α-spectroscopy, and fission cross sections were determined by the measurement of the γ-radiation after the β-decay of the fission products. For the radiative capture for the reaction 14 C + 209 Bi upper limits for the cross section from 21 nbarn to 178 nbarn in the energy interval 61-74 MeV were determined. The fission cross sections were 80 +- 30 mbarn at 490 +- 200 mbarn at 76 MeV. For the reaction 12 C + 209 Bi three new α-lines were found. They were due to the slope at their excitation functions assigned to the decay of isomeric states of following nuclei: 219 Ac Esub(α) = 9419 +- 4 keV Tsub(1/2) = 830 +- 100/μsec, 218 Ac Esub(α) = 9271 +- 4 keV Tsub(1/2) = 810 +- 70/μsec, 217 Ac Eα = 9730 +- 5 keV Tsub(1/2) = 970 +- 190/μsec. For the reactions respectively 12 C + 209 Bi calculations using the statistical model code Grogi of J. Gilat are performed. The calculated branchings of the evaporation channels were compared with the experiment. (orig./HSI) [de

Influence of the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil on redox status and antioxidant defense system in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Duranti, Guglielmo; Ceci, Roberta; Sgrò, Paolo; Sabatini, Stefania; Di Luigi, Luigi

2017-05-01

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), widely known for their beneficial effects onto male erectile dysfunction, seem to exert favorable effects onto metabolism as well. Tadalafil exposure increases oxidative metabolism of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. A rise in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, requiring more oxygen, could induce a larger reactive oxygen species (ROS) release as a byproduct thus leading to a redox imbalance. The aim of this study was to determine how PDE5I tadalafil influences redox status in skeletal muscle cells to match the increasing oxidative metabolism. To this purpose, differentiated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with tadalafil and analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione levels as marker of redox status; enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) engaged in antioxidant defense; and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PrCar) as markers of oxidative damage. Tadalafil increased total intracellular glutathione (tGSH), CAT, SOD, and GPx enzymatic activities while no changes were found in TAC. A perturbation of redox status, as showed by the decrease in the ratio between reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), was observed. Nevertheless, it did not cause any change in TBARS and PrCar levels probably due to the enhancement in the antioxidant enzymatic network. Taken together, these data indicate that tadalafil, besides improving oxidative metabolism, may be beneficial to skeletal muscle cells by enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant system capacity.

Leptin rapidly activates PPARs in C2C12 muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bendinelli, Paola; Piccoletti, Roberta; Maroni, Paola

2005-01-01

Experimental evidence suggests that leptin operates on the tissues, including skeletal muscle, also by modulating gene expression. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have shown that physiological doses of leptin promptly increase the binding of C2C12 cell nuclear extracts to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response elements in oligonucleotide probes and that all three PPAR isoforms participate in DNA-binding complexes. We pre-treated C2C12 cells with AACOCF 3 , a specific inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ), an enzyme that supplies ligands to PPARs, and found that it abrogates leptin-induced PPAR DNA-binding activity. Leptin treatment significantly increased cPLA 2 activity, evaluated as the release of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid from pre-labelled C2C12 cells, as well as phosphorylation. Further, using MEK1 inhibitor PD-98059 we showed that leptin activates cPLA 2 through ERK induction. These results support a direct effect of leptin on skeletal muscle cells, and suggest that the hormone may modulate muscle transcription also by precocious activation of PPARs through ERK-cPLA 2 pathway

Tequila authenticity assessment by headspace SPME-HRGC-IRMS analysis of 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios of ethanol.

Science.gov (United States)

Aguilar-Cisneros, Blanca O; López, Mercedes G; Richling, Elke; Heckel, Frank; Schreier, Peter

2002-12-18

By use of headspace SPME sampling and a PLOT column, on-line capillary gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was employed in the combustion (C) and the pyrolysis (P) modes (HRGC-C/P-IRMS) to determine the delta(13)C(VPDB) and delta(18)O(VSMOW) values of ethanol in authentic (n = 14) and commercial tequila samples (n = 15) as well as a number of other spirits (n = 23). Whereas with delta(13)C(VPDB) values ranging from -12.1 to -13.2 per thousand and from -12.5 to -14.8 per thousand similar variations were found for 100% agave and mixed tequilas, respectively, the delta(18)O(VSMOW) data differed slightly within these categories: ranges from +22.1 to +22.8 per thousand and +20.8 to +21.7 per thousand were determined for both the authentic 100% agave and mixed products, respectively. The data recorded for commercial tequilas were less homogeneous; delta(13)C(VPDB) data from -10.6 to -13.9 per thousand and delta(18)O(VSMOW) values from +15.5 to +22.7 per thousand were determined in tequilas of both categories. Owing to overlapping data, attempts to differentiate between white, rested, and aged tequilas within each of the two categories failed. In addition, discrimination of tequila samples from other spirits by means of delta(13)C(VPDB) and delta(18)O(VSMOW) data of ethanol was restricted to the products originating from C(3) as well as C(4)/CAM raw materials.

Selective Synthesis of Gasoline-Ranged Hydrocarbons from Syngas over Hybrid Catalyst Consisting of Metal-Loaded ZSM-5 Coupled with Copper-Zinc Oxide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ting Ma

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The conversion of syngas (CO + H2 to gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons was carried out using a hybrid catalyst consisting of metal-loaded ZSM-5 coupled with Cu-ZnO in a near-critical n-hexane solvent. Methanol was synthesized from syngas over Cu-ZnO; subsequently, was converted to hydrocarbons through the formation of dimethyl ether (DME over the metal-loaded ZSM-5. When 0.5 wt% Pd/ZSM-5 and 5 wt% Cu/ZSM-5 among the metal-loaded ZSM-5 catalysts with Pd, Co, Fe or Cu were employed as a portion of the hybrid catalyst, the gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons were selectively produced (the gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons in all hydrocarbons: 59% for the hybrid catalyst with Pd/ZSM-5 and 64% for that with Cu/ZSM-5 with a similar CO conversion during the reaction. An increase in the Cu loading on ZSM-5 resulted in increasing the yield of the gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons, and in decreasing the yield of DME. Furthermore, the hybrid catalyst with Cu/ZSM-5 exhibited no deactivation for 30 h of the reaction. It was revealed that a hybrid catalyst containing Cu/ZSM-5 was efficient in the selective synthesis of gasoline-ranged hydrocarbons from syngas via methanol in the near-critical n-hexane fluid.

Temperature-dependent mid-IR absorption spectra of gaseous hydrocarbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klingbeil, Adam E.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Hanson, Ronald K.

2007-01-01

Quantitative mid-IR absorption spectra (2500-3400 cm -1 ) for 12 pure hydrocarbon compounds are measured at temperatures ranging from 25 to 500 deg. C using an FTIR spectrometer. The hydrocarbons studied are n-pentane, n-heptane, n-dodecane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane (iso-octane), 2-methyl-butane, 2-methyl-pentane, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene, propene, toluene, m-xylene, and ethylbenzene. Room-temperature measurements of neat hydrocarbon vapor were made with an instrument resolution of both 0.1 and 1 cm -1 (FWHM) to confirm that the high-resolution setting was required only to resolve the propene absorption spectrum while the spectra of the other hydrocarbons could be resolved with 1 cm -1 resolution. High-resolution (0.1 cm -1 ), room-temperature measurements of neat hydrocarbons were made at low pressure (∼1 Torr, 133 Pa) and compared to measurements of hydrocarbon/N 2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure to verify that no pressure broadening could be observed over this pressure range. The temperature was varied between 25 and 500 o C for atmospheric-pressure measurements of hydrocarbon/N 2 mixtures (X hydrocarbon ∼0.06-1.5%) and it was found that the absorption cross section shows simple temperature-dependent behavior for a fixed wavelength over this temperature range. Comparisons with previous FTIR data over a limited temperature range and with high-resolution laser absorption data over a wide temperature range show good agreement

Probing the Statistical Decay and α-clustering effects in 12C + 12C and 14N + 10B reactions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morelli L.

2014-03-01

Full Text Available An experimental campaign has been undertaken at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL INFN, Italy, in order to progress in our understanding of the statistical properties of light nuclei at excitation energies above particle emission threshold, by measuring exclusive data from fusion-evaporation reactions. On the experimental side, a first reaction: 12C+12C at 95 MeV beam energy has been measured, using the GARFIELD + Ring Counter (RCo apparatuses. Fusion-evaporation events have been exclusively selected out of the entire data set. The comparison to a dedicated Hauser-Feshbach calculation allows us to give constraints on the nuclear level density at high excitation energy for light systems ranging from C up to Mg. Out-of-equilibrium aα emission has been evidenced and attributed both to an entrance channel effect (favoured by the cluster nature of reaction partners, and, in more dissipative events, to the persistence of cluster correlations well above the 24Mg threshold for 6 α’s decay. In order to study the same 24Mg compound nucleus at similar excitation energy with respect to this first reaction a new measurement, 14N + 10B at 5.7 A.MeV, was performed at LNL laboratories with the same experimental setup. The comparison between the two systems would allow us to further constrain the level density of light nuclei in the mass-excitation energy range of interest. In this perspective, deviations from a statistical behaviour can be used as a tool to get information on nuclear clustering, both in the ground-state for projectile and target and in the hot source formed in the collision.

SRS-sensor 13C/12C isotops measurements for detecting Helicobacter Pylori

Science.gov (United States)

Grishkanich, Aleksandr; Chubchenko, Yan; Elizarov, Valentin; Zhevlakov, Aleksandr; Konopelko, Leonid

2018-02-01

We developed SRS-sensor 13C/12C isotops measurements detecting Helicobacter Pylori for medical diagnostics of human health. Measuring of absolute 13C/12C isotope amount ratios allows to explore the topical problems of the modern world, alcoholic beverages and tobacco, medical diagnostics of human health. SRS method is used to measure the ratio of carbon isotopes in the exhaled carbon dioxide, which is used to diagnose the human infection of Helicobacter pylori and the influence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium on the occurrence of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. A method for the analysis of human infection with Helicobacter pylori was developed on the basis of measurements of the ratio of 13C / 12C carbon isotopes in human exhaled air with a high level of measurement accuracy. The article reviews the work in the field of provision comparability of absolute 13C/12C isotope amount ratios in the environment and food. The analysis of the technical and metrological characteristics of traditional and perspective instruments for measuring isotope ratios is presented. The provision of comparability of absolute 13C/12C isotope amount ratios is carried by gravimetrically prepared reference standards. The key features and emerging issues are discussed.

π0 decay branching ratios of 5ΛHe and 12ΛC hypernuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okada, S.; Ajimura, S.; Aoki, K.; Banu, A.; Bhang, H.C.; Fukuda, T.; Hashimoto, O.; Hwang, J.I.; Kameoka, S.; Kang, B.H.; Kim, E.H.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, M.J.; Maruta, T.; Miura, Y.; Miyake, Y.; Nagae, T.; Nakamura, M.; Nakamura, S.N.; Noumi, H.; Okayasu, Y.; Outa, H.; Park, H.; Saha, P.K.; Sato, Y.; Sekimoto, M.; Takahashi, T.; Tamura, H.; Tanida, K.; Toyoda, A.; Tsukada, K.; Watanabe, T.; Yim, H.J.

2005-01-01

We precisely measured π0 branching ratios of 5 Λ He and 12 Λ C hypernuclei produced via the (π+,K+) reaction. Using these π0 branching ratios with the π- branching ratios and lifetimes, we obtained the π0 decay widths and the non-mesonic weak decay widths with an accuracy of ∼5% (stat) for both hypernuclei

Elimination of the 12 C and 16 O in the elastic scattering of 14 C by polarized protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avila A, O.L.; Ramirez T, J.J.; Murillo O, G.; Fernandez B, M.

1991-04-01

The study of the elastic scattering of 14 C for polarized protons it provides information on the nuclear structure of 15 N. In the Tandem accelerator of the Nuclear Center in collaboration with the University of Notre Dame is carrying out this study to energy between 5.0 and 9.0 MeV in steps of 10 keV. The measures of differential section and vectorial analyzer power are subjected to shift analysis of phase being able to determine the parameters of the excited levels of 15 N that are it angular momentum, parity, level width and elastic width. The details of this experiment are presented in the ACEL-9102 technical report while in this work it was discussed the way in that contributions of 12 C and 16 O are eliminated that are present as impurities in our target of 14 C. At small angles the elastic components of these impurities are shoveled with the elastic of 14 C. In the experiment carried out in the Nuclear Center were take measures of differential section for 6 angles; 35, 45, 55, 65, 145 and 165 using surface barrier detectors. It is observed that it exists shovels at 35, 45, 55 and 65 while at 145 and 165 the 12 C, the 14 C and the 16 O are totally separate. With the purpose of being able to subtract of the elastic of 14 C the proportion of 12 C, it was decided to bombard a target of 12 C leaving the same geometry that had been used to bombard 14 C. With this also carried out the reaction 12 C (p,p) 12 C between 5.0 and 9.0 MeV in steps of 50 keV. Starting from these spectra are the integration (yield) of the elastic of 12 C. (Author)

Hydrocarbons in the millipede Graphidostreptus tumuliporus (Karsch) (Myriapoda: Diplopoda)—I. In vivo incorporation of 14C-labelled precursors into the hydrocarbon fraction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oudejans, R.C.H.M.

1972-01-01

1. 1. Biosynthesis of hydrocarbons in male and female specimens of the millipede Graphidostreptus tumuliporus was investigated after injection of the following precursors: 1-14C-acetate, 16-14C- and 1-14C-palmitic acid, isoleucine-14C(U), valine-14C(U) and mevalonic-2-14C acid. 2. 2. Both sexes

Synthesis of 14C analogue of 1,2-diaryl-[2-14C]-pyrroles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saemian, N.; Shirvani, G.; Matloubi, H.

2007-01-01

Three 1,2-diaryl pyrroles selective COX-2 inhibitors, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-1H pyrrole, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1- [4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl]-1H-pyrrole and 4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]benzenesulfon-amide, all three labeled with 14 C in the 2-position were prepared from para-fluoro-benzaldehyde-[carbonyl- 14 C]. (author)

Angular correlation, spin alignment, and systematics of mis-matched {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C inelastic scattering resonances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wuosmaa, A.H.; Wiedenhoever, I.; Caggiano, J.; Carpenter, M.P.; Devlin, M.; Heinz, A.; Janssens, R.V.F.; Kondev, F.; Lauritsen, T.; Sarantites, D.G.; Sobotka, L.G.; Battacharyya, P

2003-10-09

Particle gamma-ray angular correlation measurements have been used to study the spin alignment and magnetic-substate population parameters for the 2{sup +}{sub 1} (4.443 MeV) state in {sup 12}C, populated in the {sup 12}C({sup 12}C,{sup 12}C[0{sup +}{sub 2}]){sup 12}C(2{sup +}{sub 1}) inelastic scattering reaction in the vicinity of a prominent, narrow peak in the scattering excitation function. The data show a strong alignment of the spin with the orbital angular momentum, and suggest that the cross section peak corresponds to a spin 14{sup +} resonance at E{sub c.m.}=28.0 MeV. This energy is close to that where a strong peak is also observed in the 0{sup +}{sub 1}+0{sup +}{sub 2} excitation function. A comparison between the data for these two channels lends some support to recent theoretical calculations of resonance behavior for angular-momentum-mismatched channels in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C inelastic scattering.

Quasi-free K+ photo-production in 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, K.; Yamazaki, H.; Asano, S.; Emura, T.; Endo, I.; Endo, S.; Ito, S.; Itoh, H.; Ifuku, K.; Konno, O.; Koike, M.; Maruyama, K.; Niki, K.; Niwa, K.; Okuno, H.; Sakaguchi, A.; Sasaki, T.; Suda, T.; Sumi, Y.; Takeya, M.; Terasawa, T.; Uchida, H.; Yamashita, H.; Yoshida, K.

1994-01-01

Quasi-free K + photo-production in the 12 C(γ,K + ) reaction has been investigated in a photon energy range of 0.7-1.1GeV. Differential cross sections for the quasi-free process of the 12 C(γ,K + ) reaction have been obtained and they are compared with a calculation of a quasi-free K + photo-production. The effective proton number Z eff =4.2±0.6 obtained from the experiment was in good agreement with a calculation of a semi-classical attenuation model. ((orig.))

β‐Taxilin participates in differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakane, Hiroshi; Makiyama, Tomohiko; Nogami, Satoru; Horii, Yukimi [Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-town, Tochigi 321-0293 (Japan); Akasaki, Kenji [Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292 (Japan); Shirataki, Hiromichi, E-mail: hiro-sh@dokkyomed.ac.jp [Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate school of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-town, Tochigi 321-0293 (Japan)

2016-07-15

Myogenesis is required for the development of skeletal muscle. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression of several genes are upregulated during myogenesis and these genes play pivotal roles in myogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying myogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we found that β-taxilin, which is specifically expressed in the skeletal muscle and heart tissues, was progressively expressed during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes, prompting us to investigate the role of β-taxilin in myogenesis. In C2C12 cells, knockdown of β-taxilin impaired the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, and decreased the diameter of myotubes. We also found that β-taxilin interacted with dysbindin, a coiled-coil-containing protein. Knockdown of dysbindin conversely promoted the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes and increased the diameter of myotubes in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of dysbindin attenuated the inhibitory effect of β-taxilin depletion on myotube formation of C2C12 cells. These results demonstrate that β-taxilin participates in myogenesis through suppressing the function of dysbindin to inhibit the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. - Highlights: • β‐Taxilin is progressively expressed during differentiation of C2C12 cell. • Knockdown of β-taxilin impaired C2C12 myotube formation. • β‐Taxilin interacted with dysbindin. • Knockdown of dysbindin promoted C2C12 myotube formation. • The function of β-taxilin in C2C12 myotube formation depends on dysbindin.

Fragment emission in reactions of 18.5-GeV 12C ions with complex nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porile, N.T.; Cole, G.D.

1982-01-01

The emission of fragments ranging from 24 Na to 52 Mn in reactions of 18.5 GeV 12 C ions with Cu, Ag, Gd, Ta, Au, and U targets has been studied by means of activation techniques. The experiments involved determination of the fragment production cross sections and thick-target recoil properties. The latter were used to obtain mean fragment kinetic energies and values of β/sub parallel to/, the forward velocity component of the struck nucleus (in units of c). The results are compared with similar data for incident protons of the same total kinetic energy. The data may be used to assess the importance of central collisions in fragment production. Such collisions lead to the near total destruction of both interacting nuclei and the resulting fragments are emitted by a system of intermediate rapidity. In such a process, the factorization hypothesis, which has been shown to be valid for target and projectile fragmentation reactions, should not be obeyed. A test for factorization is performed by means of a relation which states that the ratio of the cross sections for producing fragment /sup A/Z in 12 C reactions to that for producing the same fragment in proton reactions with the same target is unity, provided both cross sections are reduced by the values of the corresponding total reaction cross sections sigma/sub R/, and evaluated for the same total kinetic energy of the projectile. The results of this comparison for the targets studied are presented and discussed

Observation of Λ-hypernuclei in the reaction 12C(π+,K+)/sub Λ/12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milner, E.C.

1985-12-01

The observation of Λ-hypernuclear levels in /sub Λ/ 12 C by associated production through the (π + ,K + ) reaction is reported. Spectrometers used in the measurements are discussed. The /sub Λ/ 12 C excitation energy spectra were recorded at laboratory scattering angles of 5.6 0 , 10.3 0 , and 15.2 0 . The spectra show two major peaks - one attributed to the ground state, and one about 11 MeV higher in excitation. The peak near 11 MeV excitation energy is believed to be almost entirely composed of a multiplet of three J/sup π/ = 2 + states. Relativistic DWBA calculations imply support for the expectation that higher spin states are preferentially populated in the (π + ,K + ) reaction, compared to the (K - ,π - ) reaction in which lower spin states are excited. 29 refs., 40 figs

Radioisotope tracer study of co-reactions of methanol with ethanol using 11C-labelled methanol over alumina and H-ZSM-5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarkadi-Priboczki, E.; Kovacs, Z.; Kumar, N.; Salmi, T.; Murzin, D.Yu

2005-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. The transformation of methanol has been investigated over alumina and H-ZSM-5 in our previous experiments by 11 C-radioisotope tracing. The main product in methanol conversion over alumina was dimethyl ether due to Lewis acid sites while over H-ZSM-5 mostly hydrocarbons were formed due to both Lewis and Brrnsted acid sites. With increasing temperature first the ethanol was dehydrated to diethyl ether followed by ethene formation over alumina and H-ZSM-5. In this work, 11 C-labelled methanol as radioisotope tracer was added to non-radioactive methanol for investigation of co-reaction with non-radioactive ethanol over alumina and H- ZSM-5. The 11 C-methanol tracer was used to distinguish the methanol derivates and co-reaction derivates of methanol with ethanol against non-radioactive ethanol derivates. The yield of methyl ethyl ether as mixed ether and the influence of ethanol for the yields of C 1 -C 5 hydrocarbons were studied as a function of reaction temperature and contact time. The 11 C-methanol was formed by a radiochemical process from 11 CO 2 produced at cyclotron. The mixture of methanol and ethanol was added to 11 C-methanol and injected to the catalyst. The catalysis was carried out in a glass tube fixed-bed reactor after its pretreatment. The derivates were analyzed by radio-gas chromatography (gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector coupled on-line with a radioactivity detector). The comparative analysis of yields of radioactive and non-radioactive products as a function of reaction temperature gives information about the reaction pathways. Over alumina the yields of dimethyl ether and methyl ethyl ether (co-product) as radioactive and diethyl ether with ethene as non-radioactive main products were monitored as a function of reaction temperature and reaction time in the range of 513-593 K. Alongside ethanol derivates the ethene turns into main product in contrast with methyl ethyl ether and diethyl

The differential cross section of the 12C(p,p)12C reaction near the resonance at energy 1.726 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duvanov, S.M.; Kobzev, A.P.

1996-01-01

New experimental results on the differential cross section of the 12 C(p,p) 12 C reaction near the separate resonance at 1726 keV were obtained for the 170 deg scattering angle. The cross section measured with a thin target has been used for computer simulation of the spectra measured for a defined initial proton energy for two thick targets. The precision measurements of the proton energies have been carried out using the resonance of 27 Al(p,γ) 28 Si reaction at 1726.0 keV. The energy scale of the excitation function of the 12 C(p,p) 12 C reaction near the resonance at 1726 keV has been defined more exactly. It will improve the precision of depth profiling of carbon in solids. 11 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab

Sharp separation of C2/C3 hydrocarbon mixtures by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes synthesized in aqueous solutions

KAUST Repository

Pan, Yichang

2011-01-01

Exceptional high quality ZIF-8 membranes prepared through a novel seeded growth method in aqueous solutions at near room temperature exhibit excellent separation performance for C2/C3 hydrocarbon mixtures. The separation factors for mixtures of ethane/propane, ethylene/propylene and ethylene/propane are ∼80, ∼10 and ∼167, respectively. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Evaluation of neutron nuclear data for 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shibata, Keiichi

1983-12-01

Neutron nuclear data of 12 C have been evaluated for JENDL-3 in the energy range from 10 -5 eV to 20 MeV. Evaluated quantities are the total, elastic and inelastic scattering, radiative capture, photon-production, (n,p), (n,d) and (n,α) reaction cross sections and the angular or energy distribution of neutrons and photons. The total cross section below the threshold energy of the inelastic scattering has been calculated on the basis of the R-matrix theory. Three discrete levels have been taken into account for the inelastic scattering. (author)

Effective source size, radial, angular and energy spread of therapeutic 11C positron emitter beams produced by 12C fragmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Lazzeroni, Marta; Brahme, Anders

2014-02-01

The use of positron emitter light ion beams in combination with PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and PET-CT (Computed Tomography) imaging could significantly improve treatment verification and dose delivery imaging during radiation therapy. The present study is dedicated to the analysis of the beam quality in terms of the effective source size, as well as radial, angular and energy spread of the 11C ion beam produced by projectile fragmentation of a primary point monodirectional and monoenergetic 12C ion beam in a dedicated range shifter of different materials. This study was performed combining analytical methods describing the transport of particles in matter and the Monte Carlo code SHIELD-HIT+. A high brilliance and production yield of 11C fragments with a small effective source size and emittance is best achieved with a decelerator made of two media: a first liquid hydrogen section of about 20 cm followed by a hydrogen rich section of variable length. The calculated intensity of the produced 11C ion beam ranges from about 5% to 8% of the primary 12C beam intensity depending on the exit energy and the acceptance of the beam transport system. The angular spread is lower than 1 degree for all the materials studied, but the brilliance of the beam is the highest with the proposed mixed decelerator.

Sub-coulombian fusion of 12 C + 12 C measured with the γ rays improved technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosales M, P.

2005-01-01

In this work we report the measurements carried out in the National Institute of Nuclear Research of Mexico (ININ) for the absolute section of fusion of the system 12 C + 12 C in an interval of energy of E c.m. 4.5-6.5 MeV with fine steps of 75 keV. The objective of measuring in fine steps is to register all the existent resonances. To be able to obtain an absolute normalization of the cross section, it was applied a method that allows to measure simultaneously the one number of projectiles that arrive to the target, as well as the numbers of nuclei in the target, even when this doesn't stay constant. In the chapter 2 the experimental procedure it is described, it is carried out with detail the analysis of the data and the results are shown. Later on the chapter 3 it is described with detail the method used for the absolute normalization, that is to say the form of obtaining the quantities N p and η T of the equation is explained and the obtained results are presented. Additionally in the chapter 4 it was carried out a theoretical analysis applying models as that of barrier penetration and the optical model combined with the Breit-Wigner theory with the purpose of being able to reproduce the resonances of the excitation function. In the chapter 5 the concept of S-Astrophysicist factor it is introduced and this value is calculated for our data. Finally in the chapter 6 the conclusions of this work are presented. (Author)

Alkane Activation at Ambient Temperatures: Unusual Selectivities, C-C, C-H Bond Scission versus C-C Bond Coupling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Trionfetti, C.; Agiral, A.; Gardeniers, Johannes G.E.; Lefferts, Leonardus; Seshan, Kulathuiyer

2008-01-01

Activating bonds: A cold plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge in a microreactor converts alkanes (C1–C3) at atmospheric pressure. Large amounts of products with higher molecular weight than the starting hydrocarbons are observed showing that C-H activation at lower T favourably leads to

Analytical method validation of GC-FID for the simultaneous measurement of hydrocarbons (C2-C4) in their gas mixture

OpenAIRE

Oman Zuas; Harry budiman; Muhammad Rizky Mulyana

2016-01-01

An accurate gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was validated for the simultaneous analysis of light hydrocarbons (C2-C4) in their gas mixture. The validation parameters were evaluated based on the ISO/IEC 17025 definition including method selectivity, repeatability, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and ruggedness. Under the optimum analytical conditions, the analysis of gas mixture revealed that each target comp...

Treatability testing of intrinsic bioremediation, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation of diesel-oil contaminated soil at 5 degrees C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, J. J.

1997-01-01

The likely success of in-situ bioremediation on diesel-contaminated soil was studied at 5 degrees C under four conditions of soil amendments. The four conditions were: (1) intrinsic bioremediation where the soil received only water, (2) biostimulation with one application of slow-release fertilizer, (3) bioaugmentation with one application of fertilizer and a cold-adapted hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial culture, and (4) surfactant enhanced bioavailability, where the soil received one application of fertilizer and treatment with a biodegradable surfactant solution. All tests showed significant reduction in diesel range under aerobic conditions after a 40-day incubation. The intrinsic control (No.1) was least effective, with 66 per cent of extractable hydrocarbons (TEH) at 5 degrees C. The biostimulated soil (No.2) was most effective, allowing a reduction in TEH of 86 per cent. The bioaugmented soil and surfactant treated soil allowed TEH reduction of about 75 per cent. Based on these results, biostimulation with slow-release fertilizer will be implemented as the most cost-effective means of bioremediation, combined with appropriate monitoring of results. 2 refs., 3 tabs., 4 figs

Cloning of the cDNA for human 12-lipoxygenase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izumi, T.; Hoshiko, S.; Radmark, O.; Samuelsson, B.

1990-01-01

A full-length cDNA clone encoding 12-lipoxygenase was isolated from a human platelet cDNA library by using a cDNA for human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase as probe for the initial screening. The cDNA had an open reading frame encoding 662 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 75,590. Three independent clones revealed minor heterogeneities in their DNA sequences. Thus, in three positions of the deduced amino acid sequence, there is a choice between two different amino acids. The deduced sequence from the clone plT3 showed 65% identity with human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase and 42% identity with human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. The 12-lipoxygenase cDNA recognized a 3.0-kilobase mRNA species in platelets and human erythroleukemia cells (HEL cells). Phorbol 12-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate induced megakaryocytic differentiation of HEL cells and 12-lipoxygenase activity and increased mRNA for 12-lipoxygenase. The identity of the cloned 12-lipoxygenase was assured by expression in a mammalian cell line (COS cells). Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase has been difficult to purify to homogeneity. The cloning of this cDNA will increase the possibilities to elucidate the structure and function of this enzyme

Generation of a C3c specific monoclonal antibody and assessment of C3c as a putative inflammatory marker derived from complement factor C3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Palarasah, Yaseelan; Skjodt, Karsten; Brandt, Jette

2010-01-01

complex (C5b-C9) and quantification of complement split products by precipitation-in-gel techniques (e.g. C3d). We have developed a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is able to detect fluid phase C3c without interference from other products generated from the complement component C3. The C3c specific m....... The C3c mAb was confirmed to be C3c specific, as it showed no cross-reactivity with native (un-cleaved) C3, with C3b, iC3b, or with C3d. Also, no significant reaction was observed with C3 fragments in factor I deficient sera or plasma. This antibody forms the basis for the generation of a robust ELISA...... that allows for a quick and reliable evaluation of complement activation and consumption as a marker for inflammatory processes. We established the C3c plasma range in 100 healthy Danish blood donors with a mean of 3.47 μg/ml and a range of 2.12-4.92 μg/ml. We believe that such an antibody might...

Double-step processes in the 12C(p,d)11C reaction at 45 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Couvert, Pierre.

1974-01-01

12 C(p,d) 11 C pick-up reaction was performed with a 45 MeV proton beam. A 130keV energy resolution was obtained and angular distributions of nine of the ten first levels of 11 C have been extracted within a large angular range. Assuming only neutron direct transfert, the strong relative excitation of high spin levels cannot be reproduced by a DWBA analysis. The double-step process assumption seems to be verified by a systematical analysis of the (p,d) reaction mechanisms. This analysis is done in the coupled-channel formalism for the five first negative parity states of 11 C. The 3/2 - ground state is essentially populated by the direct transfer of a Psub(3/2) neutron. The contribution of a double-step process, via the 2 + inelastic excitation of 12 C, is important for the four other states. A mechanism which assumes a deuteron inelastic scattering on the 11 C final nucleus after the neutron transfer cannot be neglected and improves the fits when it is taken into account [fr

Search for C+ C clustering in Mg ground state

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2017-01-04

Jan 4, 2017 ... Finite-range knockout theory predictions were much larger for (12C,212C) reaction, indicating a very small 12C−12C clustering in 24Mg. (g.s.) . Our present results contradict most of the proposed heavy cluster (12C+12C) structure models for the ground state of 24Mg. Keywords. Direct nuclear reactions ...

Conversion of Methane to C2 Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen Using a Gliding Arc Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Shuanghui; Wang Baowei; Lv Yijun; Yan Wenjuan

2013-01-01

Methane conversion has been studied using gliding arc plasma in the presence of argon. The process was conducted at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. The focus of this research was to develop a process of converting methane to C 2 hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The main parameters, including the CH 4 /Ar mole ratio, the CH 4 flow rate, the input voltage, and the minimum electrode gap, were varied to investigate their effects on methane conversion rate, product distribution, energy consumption, carbon deposit, and reaction stability. The specific energy requirement (SER) was used to express the energy utilization efficiency of the process and provided a practical guidance for optimizing reaction conditions for improving energy efficiency. It was found that the carbon deposition was not conducive to methane conversion, and the gliding arc plasma discharge reached a stable state twelve minutes later. Optimum conditions for methane conversion were suggested. The maximum methane conversion rate of 43.39% was obtained under the optimum conditions. Also, C 2 hydrocarbons selectivity, C 2 hydrocarbons yield, H 2 selectivity, H 2 yield and SER were 87.20%, 37.83%, 81.28%, 35.27%, and 2.09 MJ/mol, respectively.

Measurement of charged pions in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C collisions at 1A GeV and 2A GeV with HADES

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agakishiev, G.; Destefanis, M.; Gilardi, C.; Kirschner, D.; Kuehn, W.; Lange, J.S.; Metag, V.; Novotny, R.; Pechenov, V.; Pechenova, O.; Perez Cavalcanti, T.; Spataro, S.; Spruck, B. [Justus Liebig Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Giessen (Germany); Agodi, C.; Coniglione, R.; Finocchiaro, P.; Maiolino, C.; Piattelli, P.; Sapienza, P. [Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania (Italy); Balanda, A.; Kozuch, A.; Przygoda, W. [Jagiellonian University of Cracow, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Krakow (Poland); Panstwowa Wyzsza Szkola Zawodowa, Nowy Sacz (Poland); Bellia, G. [Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Catania (Italy); Universita di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania (Italy); Belver, D.; Cabanelas, P.; Duran, I.; Garzon, J.A.; Lamas-Valverde, J.; Marin, J. [University of Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Belyaev, A.; Chernenko, S.; Fateev, O.; Ierusalimov, A.; Zanevsky, Y. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Bielcik, J.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Galatyuk, T.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Heinz, T.; Holzmann, R.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Kolb, B.W.; Lang, S.; Muench, M.; Palka, M.; Pietraszko, J.; Rustamov, A.; Schroeder, C.; Schwab, E.; Simon, R.S.; Traxler, M.; Yurevich, S.; Zumbruch, P. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Blanco, A.; Lopes, L.; Mangiarotti, A. [LIP-Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas, Coimbra (Portugal); Bortolotti, A.; Michalska, B. [Sezione di Milano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano (Italy); Boyard, J.L.; Hennino, T.; Moriniere, E.; Ramstein, B.; Roy-Stephan, M.; Sudol, M. [CNRS/IN2P3 - Universite Paris Sud, Institut de Physique Nucleaire, Orsay Cedex (France); Christ, T.; Eberl, T.; Fabbietti, L.; Friese, J.; Gernhaeuser, R.; Jurkovic, M.; Kruecken, R. [and others

2009-04-15

We present the results of a study of charged-pion production in {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C collisions at incident beam energies of 1A GeV and 2A GeV using the HADES spectrometer at GSI. The main emphasis of the HADES program is on the dielectron signal from the early phase of the collision. Here, however, we discuss the data with respect to the emission of charged hadrons, specifically the production of {pi}{sup {+-}} mesons, which are related to neutral pions representing a dominant contribution to the dielectron yield. We have performed the first large-angular-range measurement of the distribution of {pi}{sup {+-}} mesons for the {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C collision system covering a fairly large rapidity interval. The pion yields, transverse-mass and angular distributions are compared with calculations done within a transport model, as well as with existing data from other experiments. The anisotropy of pion production is systematically analyzed. (orig.)

Search for aligned structure of 12C-α-12C type at high excitation energy in 28Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burnereau, Nicole.

1975-01-01

The 16 O+ 12 C→ 12 C+α+ 12 C reaction is studied mainly at 46MeV (at this energy a state of 28 Si is presumably formed with a spin value of 14 + ; resonance of 19.7MeV c.m.). The motivation is to detect an α particle with a negligible energy in the c.m. system. This is the signature of the preformation of three aligned clusters in which the average location of the α particle is in between the two 12 C's at the center of symmetry of the system. Such a detection is performed by detecting two 12 C's in coincidence at specific angles. The data are understood by three-body calculations with a coupling of relative angular momenta governed by an unique J value. Experimentally, an α energy of 200keV is measured with good statistics, supporting the idea of aligned clusters as 28 Si intrinsic shape, related to some highly excited states [fr

Sub-coulombian fusion of {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C measured with the {gamma} rays improved technique; Fusion sub-coulombiana de {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C medida con la tecnica de rayos- {gamma} mejorada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosales M, P

2005-07-01

In this work we report the measurements carried out in the National Institute of Nuclear Research of Mexico (ININ) for the absolute section of fusion of the system {sup 12} C + {sup 12} C in an interval of energy of E{sub c.m.} 4.5-6.5 MeV with fine steps of 75 keV. The objective of measuring in fine steps is to register all the existent resonances. To be able to obtain an absolute normalization of the cross section, it was applied a method that allows to measure simultaneously the one number of projectiles that arrive to the target, as well as the numbers of nuclei in the target, even when this doesn't stay constant. In the chapter 2 the experimental procedure it is described, it is carried out with detail the analysis of the data and the results are shown. Later on the chapter 3 it is described with detail the method used for the absolute normalization, that is to say the form of obtaining the quantities N{sub p} and {eta}{sub T} of the equation is explained and the obtained results are presented. Additionally in the chapter 4 it was carried out a theoretical analysis applying models as that of barrier penetration and the optical model combined with the Breit-Wigner theory with the purpose of being able to reproduce the resonances of the excitation function. In the chapter 5 the concept of S-Astrophysicist factor it is introduced and this value is calculated for our data. Finally in the chapter 6 the conclusions of this work are presented. (Author)

File list: InP.Myo.20.AllAg.C2C12 [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available InP.Myo.20.AllAg.C2C12 mm9 Input control Muscle C2C12 SRX262224,SRX262225,SRX148229...695944 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/InP.Myo.20.AllAg.C2C12.bed ...

Isolation and characterization of Halomonas sp. strain C2SS100, a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium under hypersaline conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Mnif, S; Chamkha, M; Sayadi, S

2009-09-01

To isolate and characterize an efficient hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium under hypersaline conditions, from a Tunisian off-shore oil field. Production water collected from 'Sercina' petroleum reservoir, located near the Kerkennah island, Tunisia, was used for the screening of halotolerant or halophilic bacteria able to degrade crude oil. Bacterial strain C2SS100 was isolated after enrichment on crude oil, in the presence of 100 g l(-1) NaCl and at 37 degrees C. This strain was aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, oxidase + and catalase +. Phenotypic characters and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate C2SS100 showed that it was related to members of the Halomonas genus. The degradation of several compounds present in crude oil was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The use of refined petroleum products such as diesel fuel and lubricating oil as sole carbon source, under the same conditions of temperature and salinity, showed that significant amounts of these heterogenic compounds could be degraded. Strain C2SS100 was able to degrade hexadecane (C16). During growth on hexadecane, cells surface hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity increased indicating the production of biosurfactant by strain C2SS100. A halotolerant bacterial strain Halomonas sp. C2SS100 was isolated from production water of an oil field, after enrichment on crude oil. This strain is able to degrade hydrocarbons efficiently. The mode of hydrocarbon uptake is realized by the production of a biosurfactant which enhances the solubility of hydrocarbons and renders them more accessible for biodegradation. The biodegradation potential of the Halomonas sp. strain C2SS100 gives it an advantage for possibly application on bioremediation of water, hydrocarbon-contaminated sites under high-salinity level.

Non-observation of 12C cluster decay of 114Ba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guglielmetti, A.; Bonetti, R.; Poli, G.; Collatz, R.; Hu, Z.; Kirchner, R.; Roeckl, E.; Gunn, N.; Price, P.B.; Weaver, B.A.; Westphal, A.; California Univ., Berkeley, CA; Szerypo, J.

1997-10-01

By means of the on-line mass separator at Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, we produced 114 Ba through the 58 Ni( 58 Ni,2n) reaction, separated it as a 114 Ba 19 F + beam, and implanted it into a stopper foil positioned in the center of an array of track detectors, which were used to search for 12 C radioactivity of 114 Ba. A total number of (5.4±1.7).10 4 114 Ba atoms were implanted. No 12 C event was found after a total exposure time of 116 hours, corresponding to a 58 Ni beam dose of 1.3.10 17 . The resulting upper limit of 3.4.10 -5 (84% c. 1.) for the branching ratio for 12 C decay of 114 Ba is considerably lower than the limits obtained in previous experiments, which represents an inconsistency at levels of more than 90%. A semiempirical estimate of 19.3 MeV for the upper limit of the Q-value for 12 C decay of 114 Ba is derived. (orig.)

The 12C/13C Isotopic Ratio in Planetary Nebulae as Deduced from IUE Data

Science.gov (United States)

Miskey, C. L.; Feibelman, W. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.

2000-05-01

The relative abundances of C, N, and O and the isotopic ratio of 12C/13C represent tracers of nucleosynthesis in intermediate stars with main-sequence masses between 0.6 and 8.0 solar masses in our Galaxy. Determining these abundances and the isotopic 12C/13C ratio in planetary nebulae (PNe) represent perhaps the best means to discern exactly how the ISM is enriched by CNO stellar nucleosynthesis. Walsh et al. (1996) and Clegg et al. (1997), using the Hubble Space Telescope, have derived the isotopic 12C/13C abundance ratio in the galactic carbon-rich PN, NGC 3918, and placed marginal constraints on it for the Magellanic PNe, N2 (SMC) and N122 (LMC). This was done using the well-known 12C 3P-1S (J=1-0 and J=2-0) transitions of C+2 at 1906.68 Angstroms and 1908.77 Angstroms and a J=0-0 transition at 1909.6 Angstroms, which is strictly forbidden in 12C. The finite nuclear spin of 13C (I=1/2) permits a corresponding F=1/2-1/2 electric dipole transition not seen in 12C. Since the 1909.6 Angstroms line is well separated from the other two 12C transitions, it provides an important means of determining 12C/13C in planetary nebulae. We have just completed a search of archival International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) high-dispersion spectra of approximately three dozen PNe, and derived 12C/13C ratios of 39 and 23 for the galactic PNe, NGC 2440 and NGC 6302, respectively. These are values much lower than the solar value of 89. In the other objects, the limited S/N of the IUE data indicate 12C/13C ratio upper limits much higher than 50. The implications of these results and their pertinence to stellar evolution are discussed.

Preliminary Study of 13C/12C Application for the Detection of Adulterated Honey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loestanatjaroen, S.

2014-01-01

Honey and pollen in natural products derived from the same plant both share the same carbon source; as a result their 13 C isotope signature should be identical. The majority of honey adulteration in Thailand was done particularly by adding cheap sugars such as high sucrose cane syrup (HSCS). The accepted differences in 13 C/ 12 C between honey and its associated protein extract is -1δ/ο deviation, which provides the international benchmark of 7% C4 sugar addition. This study reports the preliminary detection of adulterated Thai honey samples by using isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to elemental analyzer (EAIRMS). The 5 Thailand honey samples and the pure honey were adulterated with HSCS dilution as: 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 50%, respectively. The results were found that two of the Thai honey samples and of 10, 15, and 50% dilution were adulterated. The result of analyzed cane sugar of ten replicates were found -11.2 and -10.8 δdeviation, respectively.

Contribution of deep sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to sedimentary organic carbon: Evidence from Δ14C and δ13C isotopes

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, D.; Peckmann, J.; Peng, Y.; Liang, Q.; Roberts, H. H.; Chen, D.

2017-12-01

Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) limits the release of methane from marine sediments and promotes the formation of carbonates close to the seafloor along continental margins. It has been established that hydrocarbon seeps are a source of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon to marine environments. However, questions remain about the contribution of deep sourced carbon from hydrocarbon seeps to the sedimentary organic carbon pool. For a number of hydrocarbon seeps from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, the portion of modern carbon was determined based on natural radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) and stable carbon isotope (δ13Corganic carbon) compositions of the non-carbonate fractions extracted from authigenic carbonates. Samples from both areas show a mixing trend between ideal planktonic organic carbon (δ13C = -22‰ VPDB and 90% modern carbon) and the ambient methane. The δ13Corganic carbon values of non-carbonate fractions from three ancient seep deposits (northern Italy, Miocene; western Washington State, USA, Eocene to Oligocene) confirm that the proxy can be used to constrain the record of sulfate-driven AOM through most of Earth history by measuring the δ13C values of organic carbon. This study reveals the potential of using δ13C values of organic carbon to discern seep and non-seep environments. This new approach is particularly promising when authigenic carbonate is not present in ancient sedimentary environments. Acknowledgments: The authors thank BOEM and NOAA for their years' support of the deep-sea dives. Funding was provided by the NSF of China (Grants: 41422602 and 41373085).

Comparative assessment of microstructure and texture in the Fe-30.5Mn-8.0Al-1.2C and Fe-30.5Mn-2.1Al-1.2C steels under cold rolling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Mendes Souza

Full Text Available Abstract Investigation of microstructure and texture has been done for cold rolled Fe-30.5Mn-8.0Al-1.2C (8Al and Fe-30.5Mn-2.1Al-1.2C (2Al (wt.% steels. They were rolled to a strain of ~0.70. Refinement of a crystallographic slip band substructure in low to medium rolling strain and nucleation of twins on the mature slip bands at a higher strain were suggested as deformation mechanisms in the 8Al steel. Mainly shear banding contributed to the formation of a Copper texture in such steel. Brass-texture development in the 2Al steel is mainly due to deformation twinning and shear banding formation. Detailed images of KAM maps showed that the stored deformation energy was mainly localized in the twinned areas and shear bands, which generated the inhomogeneous deformation microstructures in both steels at a higher strain. Goss and Brass texture intensity decreases and Cu-texture intensity increases as the Al wt.% increases in different cold rolled High-Mn (Mn ~30 wt.% steels.

Sub-Coulomb α Transfers on C12 and the C12(α, γ)O16 S Factor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brune, C. R.; Geist, W. H.; Kavanagh, R. W.; Veal, K. D.

1999-01-01

The 12 C( α, γ) 16 O reaction is crucial for the understanding of He burning in massive stars, but the low-energy cross section is highly uncertain. To address this problem we have measured at sub-Coulomb energies total cross sections for the 12 C( 6 Li, d) 16 O and 12 C( 7 Li, t) 16 O reactions to the bound 2 + and 1 - states of 16 O . The data are analyzed to obtain the reduced α widths of these states. Together with capture and phase-shift data, these results provide for a more accurate determination of the low-energy 12C(α, γ) 16 O S factor: S E1 (0.3 MeV) =101±17 keV b and S E2 (0.3 MeV) =42 +16 -23 keV b for the E1 and E2 multipole components of the reaction. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society

From 14C/12C measurements towards radiocarbon dating of ice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oerlemans, J.; Wal, R.S.W. van de; Roijen, J.J. van; Raynaud, D.; Borg, K. van der; Jong, A.F.M. de; Lipenkov, V.; Huybrechts, P.

1994-01-01

A dry extraction method of CO2 included in glacier ice adds a contamination equivalent to 1.8 μg modern carbon for a 35 μg C sample. This enables radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry of 35 μg C samples to about 25 000 BP. Measured 14C/12C ratios are presented for a part of the Vostok

Fate of diesel fuel hydrocarbon in composting bioremediation system using radio- labeled 14C phenanthrene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hesnawi, R. M.; McCartney, D. M.

2008-01-01

To characterize the fate of fuel hydrocarbon in bioremediation composting system, diesel fuel, spiked with radio-labeled [9-1 4C ] phenanthrene at activity of 0.15μCi g - 1 of diesel fuel, was added to the soil to yield a contaminant load of 20,000 mg kg - 1 dry soil. The contaminated soil was amended with either fresh feedstock material (municipal sludge, leaves, and wood shaving) or mature compost and then incubated at thermophilic temperature pattern for 126 day. The mineralized, volatilized, and extractable fractions of 1 4C labeled phenanthrene were determined every two weeks over 126-days experimental period. The 1 4C data were used to predict the amount of removal due to biodegradation and sorption. In controls that were not amended with compost, no mineralization of 1 4C phenanthrene was detected, whereas treatments that received compost amendment showed significant release of phenanthrene as 1 4C O 2., ranging from 25% to 42% of initial radioactivity concentrations. The 1 4C extracted from the solids were decreasing with time. The total radioactivity extracted at the end of the experiment was less than 11% in the amended soil, whereas in the controls, more than 65% of the 1 4C was extracted. The 1 4C data indicated that bound residues formation was the major mechanism for the removal of pantherine or its metabolites. (author)

Effect of short-range ordering on the electrical conductivity and superconducting properties of Nb6C5 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Utkina, T.G.

1995-01-01

Niobium carbide, NbC x , belongs to the family of so called interstital phases. Metal atoms form a face-centered cubic lattice, whose octahedral interstices are occupied by carbon atoms. The fraction (1 - x) of interstices remain vacant, and this determines the nonstoichiometry of these phases: most of them are characterized by a wide homogeneity range, 0.70 m ≅ 3308 - 3886 K). In contrast, the metalloid atoms exhibit high mobility at relatively low temperatures. For compositions close to Nb 6 C 5 (0.81 O-D ≅ 1300 K. The presence of vacancies in the carbon sublattice considerably affects the physical properties of carbides, which depend not only on total vacancy concentration but also on their distribution, i.e., on the degree of ordering (both short-range and long-range order) in the metalloid sublattice. The purpose of this work is to study the effects of such ordering on the superconducting properties of Nb 6 C 5 single crystals

Efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico contínuo sobre a proliferação e viabilidade de células musculares C2C12 Effects of continuous therapeutic ultrasound on proliferation and viability of C2C12 muscle cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola Pelegrineli Artilheiro

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O ultra-som terapêutico (US é um recurso bioestimulante utilizado para propiciar reparo muscular de melhor qualidade e menor duração, mas o potencial terapêutico do US contínuo não está totalmente estabelecido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do US contínuo sobre a proliferação e viabilidade de células musculares precursoras (mioblastos C2C12. Mioblastos C2C12 foram cultivados em meio de cultura contendo 10% de soro fetal bovino e irradiados com US contínuo nas freqüências de 1 e 3 MHz nas intensidades de 0,2 e 0,5 W/cm2, durante 2 e 5 minutos. A viabilidade e proliferação celular foram avaliadas após 24, 48 e 72 h de incubação. Grupos não-irradiados serviram como controle. Foram realizados experimentos independentes em cada condição acima, e os dados obtidos submetidos à análise estatística. Os resultados mostram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na proliferação e viabilidade celular entre os mioblastos tratados com US e as culturas controles após os diferentes períodos de incubação, em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que o US contínuo, nos parâmetros avaliados, não foi capaz de alterar a proliferação e viabilidade dos mioblastos.Therapeutic ultrasound (US is a biophysical stimulation resource widely used in order to promote better, faster muscle repair, but the effectiveness of continuous US in treating injuries is not fully established. The aim of the present in vitro study was to assess the effects of continuous ultrasound on viability and proliferation of skeletal muscle precursor cells (C2C12 myoblasts. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum and irradiated with continuous ultrasound at 1 and 3 MHz frequencies, at intensities of 0.2 and 0.5 W/cm² for 2 and 5 minutes. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed after different incubation periods (24, 48 and 72 h. Non-irradiated groups served as control and data were

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Compounds via C-C Coupling Reactions. Computational and Experimental Studies of Acetaldehyde and Furan Reactions in HZSM-5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Cong [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Evans, Tabitha J. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Cheng, Lei [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Nimlos, Mark R. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Mukarakate, Calvin [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Robichaud, David J. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Assary, Rajeev S. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Curtiss, Larry A. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

2015-10-02

These catalytic C–C coupling and deoxygenation reactions are essential for upgrading of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuel-range hydrocarbons. Detailed understanding of mechanistic and energetic aspects of these reactions is crucial to enabling and improving the catalytic upgrading of small oxygenates to useful chemicals and fuels. Using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have investigated the reactions of furan and acetaldehyde in an HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, a representative system associated with the catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors. Comprehensive energy profiles were computed for self-reactions (i.e., acetaldehyde coupling and furan coupling) and cross-reactions (i.e., acetaldehyde + furan) of this representative mixture. Major products proposed from the computations are further confirmed using temperature controlled mass spectra measurements. Moreover, the computational results show that furan interacts with acetaldehyde in HZSM-5 via an alkylation mechanism, which is more favorable than the self-reactions, indicating that mixing furans with aldehydes could be a promising approach to maximize effective C–C coupling and dehydration while reducing the catalyst deactivation (e.g., coke formation) from aldehyde condensation.

Measurement of the /sup 12/C(n,γ0)/sup 13/C cross section in the giant dipole resonance region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

August, R.A.; Weller, H.R.; Tilley, D.R.

1987-01-01

The /sup 12/C(n,γ 0 ) /sup 13/C excitation function at 90 0 has been measured for neutron energies from 6.5 to 18.5 MeV. Whereas previous measurements disagreed at the lower energies with a direct-semidirect capture calculation based on /sup 12/C(p,γ 0 ) /sup 13/N data, the present results, especially when the uncertainty in absolute cross section is considered, indicate reasonable qualitative agreement with the calculation

Mass exchange during rectification of multicomponent mixtures of aromatic C/sub 9/ hydrocarbons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kutsarov, R; Palichev, T; Tasev, Zh

1978-01-01

The effectiveness is determined of separating a multicomponent aromatic hydrocarbon (ArU) mixture into binary ones relative to the composition of the initial mixture. The study is conducted in mixtures of ArU which contain: C/sub 8/ ArU, isopropylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, ethyloluene, 1,3,5-trimetylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and C/sub 10/ ArU. The total content of the C/sub 8/ and C/sub 10/ ArU is less than 2%. The constants of the phase equilibrium of the components are obtained through experiments or are calculated through the Chao-Sider method. The separation of the multicomponent mixture was conducted in periodic, automated rectification column 30 mm in diameter, filled with a steel spiral with a free volume of 0.818 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/ and a specific surface of 0.785 m/sup 2//m/sup 3/ and an effective headpiece height of 1.5 m. The temperature of the housing was maintained with a precision of 0.5/sup 0/, the speed of vapors was maintained constant (0.231 m/sec) through regulating the pressure differential between the top and bottom with a precision of 0.5 mm of mercury. After reaching a stationary mode, samples of the distillate and the sediment were taken and were analyzed chromatographically with a precision of 0.25%. Five distillations of the multicomponent mixtures of various make up were conducted and the distillates and sediments were analyzed. The obtained data are graphically presented.

Trends of 13C/12C ratios in pinyon tree rings of the American Southwest and the global carbon cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leavitt, S.W.; Long, A.

1986-01-01

An accurate atmospheric 13 C/ 12 C chronology can provide important constraints to models of the global carbon cycle. Trees accumulate carbon from atmospheric CO 2 into growth rings and offer potential for 13 C/ 12 C reconstructions, but results have not been reproducible. This paper presents δ 13 C curves from 5 sites, representing 20 pinyon (Pinus edulis) trees, where cores of 4 trees from each site have been pooled into a composite sample. Isotopic analysis of cellulose in 5-yr ring groups produces curves with a general trend of decreasing δ 13 C after 1800, but with pronounced short-term fluctuations superimposed upon the trend. Evidence indicates the fluctuations are strongly related to moisture availability (drought). A mean curve of the 5 δ 13 C chronologies from which the fossil-fuel component is subtracted suggests a substantial biospheric CO 2 contribution to the atmosphere since 1800

Effect of alpha states in the 16O+12C scattering and in the 12C +α → 16O capture reaction of astrophysical interest

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morais, M.C.; Lichtenthaele, R.; Arazi, A.; Hojman, D.; Cardona, M.A.; Fimiani, L.; Carnelli, P.F.; Marti, G.V.; Pacheco, A.J.; Martinez Heimann, D.; Negri, A.E.; Capurro, O.A.; Niello, Fernandez; Montero, P.

2011-01-01

Full text: The 16 O+ 12 C elastic scattering was investigated considering the effect of exchange of an alpha particle between projectile and target leading to the same nuclei of the entrance channel (elastic transfer). Angular distributions were analyzed in an energy range from 8.55 MeV to 56.57 MeV in the center of mass frame. The Coulomb barrier is around 11MeV for this system. Measurements of angular distributions of elastic and inelastic transfer reactions to states of the 16 O in the 16 O+ 12 C system were performed at the TANDAR Laboratory in Buenos Aires, using an 16 O beam of E lab = 46; 26 MeV. The transfer angular distributions were analyzed by DWBA using the computer code FRESCO. Those measurements provided the spectroscopic factors of 12 C + α → 16 O for the ground state and for J π = 2 + and J π = 1 - 16 O excited states, both just below the α-threshold at 7.16 MeV. The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient (ANC) for the J π = 2 + state was obtained (1.05 ±0,13(10 5 fm -1/2 )) and used to calculate the reduced width of this state, with this value a R-matrix calculation was performed to determine the astrophysical S-factor in energies around the Gamow peak, S(E2)=37keVb. (author)

Methylcobalamin promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis of C2C12 cells via the Erk1/2 signaling pathway

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okamoto, Michio [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Tanaka, Hiroyuki, E-mail: tanahiro-osk@umin.ac.jp [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Okada, Kiyoshi [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Kuroda, Yusuke [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-8511 (Japan); Nishimoto, Shunsuke; Murase, Tsuyoshi; Yoshikawa, Hideki [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)

2014-01-17

Highlights: •Methylcobalamin activated the Erk1/2 signaling pathway in C2C12 cells. •Methylcobalamin promoted the proliferation and migration in C2C12 cells. •C2C12 cell apoptosis during differentiation was inhibited by methylcobalamin. -- Abstract: Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is a vitamin B12 analog that has some positive effects on peripheral nervous disorders. Although some previous studies revealed the effects of MeCbl on neurons, its effect on the muscle, which is the final target of motoneuron axons, remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the effect of MeCbl on the muscle. We found that MeCbl promoted the proliferation and migration of C2C12 myoblasts in vitro and that these effects are mediated by the Erk1/2 signaling pathway without affecting the activity of the Akt signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that MeCbl inhibits C2C12 cell apoptosis during differentiation. Our results suggest that MeCbl has beneficial effects on the muscle in vitro. MeCbl administration may provide a novel therapeutic approach for muscle injury or degenerating muscle after denervation.

Elastic scattering of lithium by 9Be, 10B, 12C, 13C, 16O, and 28Si from 4 to 63 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poling, J.E.; Norbeck, E.; Carlson, R.R.

1976-01-01

Elastic scattering angular distributions have been measured at energies between 4.0 and 13.0 MeV for 6 Li and 7 Li beams and targets of 10 B, 12 C, 13 C, 16 O, and 28 Si. Yield curves have been measured for energies from 3.0 to 13.0 MeV for 6 Li beams and targets of 9 Be, 12 C, 13 C, 16 O, and 28 Si, and for 7 Li and 12 C. The angular distributions, supplemented by published angular distributions, have been fitted with optical-model potentials. For 6 Li+ 12 C, angular distributions were available at energies from 4.5 to 63.0 MeV. Potentials which gave fits to the data across the entire available energy range were obtained for each elastic scattering reaction. The usual ambiguities were observed in the optical-model potentials. In certain cases the back angles were not well fitted by parameter sets which were useful for all energies. The quality of the fits did not seem to be limited by experimental errors, which were generally better than 10% for our data; compound nucleus effects are presumed to be the cause of rapid energy variations in the angular distributions

Folding model analyses of 12C-12C and 16O-16O elastic scattering using the density-dependent LOCV-averaged effective interaction

Science.gov (United States)

Rahmat, M.; Modarres, M.

2018-03-01

The averaged effective two-body interaction (AEI), which can be generated through the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method for symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) with the input [Reid68, Ann. Phys. 50, 411 (1968), 10.1016/0003-4916(68)90126-7] nucleon-nucleon potential, is used as the effective nucleon-nucleon potential in the folding model to describe the heavy-ion (HI) elastic scattering cross sections. The elastic scattering cross sections of 12C-12C and 16O-16O systems are calculated in the above framework. The results are compared with the corresponding calculations coming from the fitting procedures with the input finite range D D M 3 Y 1 -Reid potential and the available experimental data at different incident energies. It is shown that a reasonable description of the elastic 12C-12C and 16O-16O scattering data at the low and medium energies can be obtained by using the above LOCV AEI, without any need to define a parametrized density-dependent function in the effective nucleon-nucleon potential, which is formally considered in the typical D D M 3 Y 1 -Reid interactions.

Phase-shift-analysis approach to elastic neutron scattering from 12C between 9 and 12 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tornow, W.

1985-01-01

The excitation energy, spin and parity of levels in 13 C have been determined for excitation energies between 13 and 16 MeV via a phase-shift analysis of the measured total cross section, elastic differential cross section and analysing power for n + 12 C in the neutron energy range from 8.9 to 12.0 MeV. New analysing power measurements are reported for this energy range. The present and previous experimental data are well described by the phase shifts obtained. The non-elastic cross section for n + 12 C predicted from the phase shifts is in good agreement with the ENDF/B-V evaluation. The need for further experimental data is pointed out. (author)

Improved ethanol fermentation of a yeast mutant by C-12 ion beam irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Dong; Liu Qingfang; Wu Xin; Wang Ying; Wang Jufang; Ma Shuang; Li Wenjian

2010-01-01

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae YY was irradiated with 100 MeV/u 12 C 6+ ion beams. After screening,we obtained the mutant strain C03A of high ethanol yield. The influence of fermentation temperature, pH and concentration of sugar on ethanol fermentation were studied. The range analysis and analysis of variance were applied for the result of orthogonal experiments. The optimal ethanol fermentation conditions are: fermentation temperature 35 degree C, pH value 5.0, and sugar concentration 24%. The results of fermentation in the 10 L bioreactor showed that the ethanol fermentation of the mutant strain could be completed in 36 hours, the production of ethanol was to 13.2%(V/V), which means 12 hours faster and 1.6%(V /V) ethanol yield higher than original strain. (authors)

C5a receptor deficiency alters energy utilization and fat storage.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Roy

Full Text Available To investigate the impact of whole body C5a receptor (C5aR deficiency on energy metabolism and fat storage.Male wildtype (WT and C5aR knockout (C5aRKO mice were fed a low fat (CHOW or a high fat high sucrose diet-induced obesity (DIO diet for 14 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. Indirect calorimetry, dietary fatload clearance, insulin and glucose tolerance tests were also evaluated. Liver, muscle and adipose tissue mRNA gene expression were measured by RT-PCR.At week one and 12, C5aRKO mice on DIO had increased oxygen consumption. After 12 weeks, although food intake was comparable, C5aRKO mice had lower body weight (-7% CHOW, -12% DIO as well as smaller gonadal (-38% CHOW, -36% DIO and inguinal (-29% CHOW, -30% DIO fat pads than their WT counterparts. Conversely, in WT mice, C5aR was upregulated in DIO vs CHOW diets in gonadal adipose tissue, muscle and liver, while C5L2 mRNA expression was lower in C5aRKO on both diet. Furthermore, blood analysis showed lower plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels in both C5aRKO groups, with faster postprandial triglyceride clearance after a fatload. Additionally, C5aRKO mice showed lower CD36 expression in gonadal and muscle on both diets, while DGAT1 expression was higher in gonadal (CHOW and liver (CHOW and DIO and PPARγ was increased in muscle and liver.These observations point towards a role (either direct or indirect for C5aR in energy expenditure and fat storage, suggesting a dual role for C5aR in metabolism as well as in immunity.

Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment for co-utilization C-5 and C-6 sugars of cassava alcohol residue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Huisheng; Lv, Chunliu; Zhang, Minhua; Liu, Shuangyan; Liu, Jiatao; Lian, Feng

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Cassava alcohol residue was first pretreated by hydrothermal reaction. • Hydrothermal pretreatment was optimized by RSM for co-utilization of C-5 and C-6 sugars. • The maximum xylose yield and the highest enzymatic digestibility were not obtained at the same conditions. • Optimum pretreatment conditions were at 193 °C, with 11.4% solids and for 51 min. • The optimal theoretical ethanol production was 69.5 mg/g raw materials by co-utilization of C-5 and C-6 sugars. - Abstract: Hydrothermal reaction was first applied to pretreat cassava alcohol residue for realizing the co-utilization of xylose and glucose to assume fermentation ethanol. This work focused on the influence of hydrothermal pretreatment conditions on ethanol production. Hydrothermal reaction was used to explore the maximum xylose and glucose yields, in respect to reaction temperature (120–240 °C), solid-liquid ratio (0.023–0.150) and reaction time (15–120 min). The results showed that the suitable conditions were at 180–200 °C, for 45–60 min and with 10–12.5% solids. In this range, the conjunct of xylose and glucose would reach the maximum, which can make full use of hemicellulose and cellulose in cassava alcohol residue. According to the results, respond surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to further optimize the three independent variables for the highest ethanol by co-utilization of xylose and glucose. RSM revealed that the effect of temperature on ethanol production was much more significant than the effect of reaction time and solid-liquid ratio, and the highest ethanol production was 70.6 mg/g that was close to the experiment value of 69.5 mg/g at 193 °C for 51 min and with 11.5% solids. Furthermore, the crystallinity and morphology of the untreated and pretreated cassava alcohol residue were investigated to assess the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD

Scattering of alpha particles from /sup 12/C and the /sup 12/C(. cap alpha. ,. gamma. )/sup 16/O stellar reaction rate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plaga, R.; Becker, H.W.; Redder, A.; Rolfs, C.; Trautvetter, H.P.; Langanke, K.

1987-04-06

The elastic scattering of alpha particles from /sup 12/C has been investigated for 35 angles in the range theta/sub lab/ = 22/sup 0/ to 163/sup 0/ and for 51 energies at E/sub ..cap alpha../ = 1.0 to 6.6 MeV. The extracted phase shifts for l=0 to 6 partial waves have been parametrized in terms of the multilevel R-matrix formalism. Information on the deduced parameters of states in /sup 16/O is reported. The data reveal reduced ..cap alpha..-particle widths for the 6.92 and 7.12 MeV subthreshold states consistent with recent work. The implications for the stellar reaction rate of /sup 12/C(..cap alpha..,..gamma..)/sup 16/O are discussed.

The analyzing power Asub(y)[(theta) for 12C(n,nsub(0,1))12C betwen 8.9 and] 14.9 MeV neutron energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woye, E.; Tornow, W.; Mack, G.; Clegg, T.B.; Wylie, W.

1983-01-01

The analyzing power Asub(#betta#)(theta) for 12 C(n,n) 12 C elastic scattering and for inelastic scattering to the first excited state (Jsup(π) = 2 + , Q = -4.44 MeV) of 12 C was measured in the energy range from 8.9 to 14.9 MeV in 1 MeV steps. A pulsed polarized neutron beam was produced via the 2 H(d vector,n vector) 3 He polarization transfer reaction. Monte Carlo simulations were used to correct the data for finite geometry and multiple scattering effects. The Asub(#betta#) data, together with publsihed cross-section data, were analyzed in the framework of the spherical optical model and in the coupled-channels formalism. A good description of the data has been achieved. (orig.)

Synthesis of a basket-shaped C56H38 hydrocarbon as a precursor toward an end-cap template for carbon [6,6]nanotubes.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Hu; Akhmedov, Novruz G; Petersen, Jeffrey L; Wang, Kung K

2010-03-19

A basket-shaped C(56)H(38) hydrocarbon (3) possessing a 30-carbon difluorenonaphthacenyl core that can be mapped onto the surface of C(78) was synthesized from 4-bromo-1-indanone. The first stage of the synthesis involved the preparation of tetraketone 10 as a key intermediate. The use of cascade cyclization reactions of benzannulated enyne-allenes as key features in the next stage of the synthetic sequence provides an efficient route to 3 from 4-bromo-1-indanone in 12 steps. The all-cis relationship among the methyl groups and the methine hydrogens causes the two benzofluorenyl units in 3 to be in an essentially perpendicular orientation to each other. Hydrocarbon 3 and its derivatives could serve as attractive precursors leading to a geodesic C(68)H(26) end-cap template for carbon [6,6]nanotubes.

Advanced TiC/a-C: H nanocomposite coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering

OpenAIRE

Pei, Y.T.; Galvan, D.; Hosson, J.Th.M. De; Strondl, C.

2006-01-01

TiC/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings have been deposited by magnetron Sputtering. They consist of 2-5 nm TiC nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H) matrix. A transition from a Columnar to a glassy microstructure has been observed in the nanocomposite coatings with increasing substrate bias or carbon content. Micro-cracks induced by nanoindentation or wear tests readily propagate through the column boundaries whereas the coatings without a columnar inicrostructure exhibit s...

Synthesis of [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]olivetolic acid, methyl [1'-13C]olivetolate and [5,6-13C2, 1-14C]cannabigerolic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porwoll, J.P.; Leete, E.

1985-01-01

Potential advanced intermediates in the biosynthesis of delta 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive principle of marijuana, have been synthesized labeled with two contiguous 13 C atoms and 14 C. Methyl [5,6- 13 C 2 , 1- 14 C]olivetolate was prepared from lithium [ 13 C 2 ]acetylide and dimethyl [2- 14 C]malonate. Reaction with geranyl bromide afforded methyl [5,6- 13 C 2 , 1- 14 C]cannabigerolate, and hydrolysis of these methyl esters with lithium propyl mercaptide yielded the corresponding labeled acids. The 13 C- 13 C couplings observable in the 13 C NMR spectra of these 13 C-enriched compounds and their synthetic precursors are recorded. Methyl [1'- 14 C]olivetolate was prepared from 13 CO 2 to confirm assignments of the 13 C chemical shifts in the pentyl side chain of these compounds. (author)

Summertime C1-C5 alkyl nitrates over Beijing, northern China: Spatial distribution, regional transport, and formation mechanisms

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Jingjing; Li, Zeyuan; Xue, Likun; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xinfeng; Gao, Jian; Nie, Wei; Simpson, Isobel J.; Gao, Rui; Blake, Donald R.; Chai, Fahe; Wang, Wenxing

2018-05-01

Alkyl nitrates (RONO2) are an important class of nitrogen oxides reservoirs in the atmosphere and play a key role in tropospheric photochemistry. Despite the increasing concern for photochemical air pollution over China, the knowledge of characteristics and formation mechanisms of alkyl nitrates in this region is limited. We analyzed C1-C5 alkyl nitrates measured in Beijing at a polluted urban site in summer 2008 and at a downwind rural site in summers of both 2005 and 2008. Although the abundances of NOx and hydrocarbons were much lower at the rural site, the mixing ratios of RONO2 were comparable between both sites, emphasizing the regional nature of alkyl nitrate pollution. Regional transport of urban plumes governed the elevated RONO2 levels at the rural site. The concentrations of C1-C2 RONO2 were significantly higher at the rural site in 2008 compared to 2005 despite a decline in NOx and anthropogenic VOCs, mainly owing to enhanced contributions from biogenic VOCs. The photochemical formation regimes of RONO2 were evaluated by both a simplified sequential reaction model and a detailed master chemical mechanism box model. The observed C4-C5 RONO2 levels can be well explained by the photochemical degradation of n-butane and n-pentane, while the sources of C1-C3 RONO2 were rather complex. In addition to the C1-C3 alkanes, biogenic VOCs and reactive aromatics were also important precursors of methyl nitrate, and alkenes and long-chain alkanes contributed to the formation of C2-C3 RONO2. This study provides insights into the spatial distribution, inter-annual variation and photochemical formation mechanisms of alkyl nitrate pollution over the Beijing area.

På sporet af 5. C

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krøgholt, Ida; Christoffersen, Erik Exe

2016-01-01

Borgerscener er landsdelsscenernes niche. Præmissen for scenerne er at bruge teatermediet til at skildre mennesker i deres autentiske liv, og i Lars Ole 5. C på Aarhus Teater leges der med Niels Malmros’ film fra 1973, som 10 århusianske børn i 12 årsalderen bruger som filter for deres egne...

Activated Integrin-Linked Kinase Negatively Regulates Muscle Cell Enhancement Factor 2C in C2C12 Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhenguo Dong

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Our previous study reported that muscle cell enhancement factor 2C (MEF2C was fully activated after inhibition of the phosphorylation activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK in the skeletal muscle cells of goats. It enhanced the binding of promoter or enhancer of transcription factor related to proliferation of muscle cells and then regulated the expression of these genes. In the present investigation, we explored whether ILK activation depended on PI3K to regulate the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of MEF2C during C2C12 cell proliferation. We inhibited PI3K activity in C2C12 with LY294002 and then found that ILK phosphorylation levels and MEF2C phosphorylation were decreased and that MCK mRNA expression was suppressed significantly. After inhibiting ILK phosphorylation activity with Cpd22 and ILK-shRNA, we found MEF2C phosphorylation activity and MCK mRNA expression were increased extremely significantly. In the presence of Cpd22, PI3K activity inhibition increased MEF2C phosphorylation and MCK mRNA expression indistinctively. We conclude that ILK negatively and independently of PI3K regulated MEF2C phosphorylation activity and MCK mRNA expression in C2C12 cells. The results provide new ideas for the study of classical signaling pathway of PI3K-ILK-related proteins and transcription factors.

Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of RE(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Meng Xiangxin; Shuai Qi; Chen Sanping; Xie Gang; Gao Shengli; Shi Qizhen

2005-01-01

Four solid ternary complexes of RE (C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) were synthesized in absolute ethanol by rare earth chloride low hydrate with the mixed ligands of ammonium pyrrolidinedi-thiocarbamate (APDC) and 1, 10-phenanthroline*H2O (o-phen*H2O) in the ordinary laboratory atmosphere without any cautions against moisture or air sensitivity. IR spectra of the complexes show that the RE3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three PDC- and two nitrogen atoms of o-phen*H2O. It was assumed that the coordination number of RE3+ is eight. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes, ΔcU, were determined as (-16937.88±9.79 ), (-17588.79±8.62 ), (-17747.14±8.25 ) and (-17840.37±8.87 ) kJ*mol-1, by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard molar enthalpies of combustion, ΔcHθm, and standard molar enthalpies of formation, ΔfHθm, were calculated as (-16953.37±9.79), (-17604.28±8.62), (-17762.63±8.25), (-17855.86±8.87) kJ*mol-1 and (-857.04±10.52), (-282.43±9.58), (-130.08±9.13), (-55.75±9.83) kJ*mol-1.

Determination of the isotope distribution in 14C-labelled hydrocarbons by thermal fragmentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kopinke, F.D.; Dermietzel, J.; Jockisch, W.; Raeuber, G.

1986-01-01

The gas chromatographic analysis of pyrolysis products of properly labelled hydrocarbons allows a definite and quantitative determination of the 14 C-distribution in those compounds. For this purpose a simple, fast, and versatilely applicable method has been developed and described

Particle-hole calculation of the longitudinal response function of 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dellafiore, A.; Lenz, F.; Brieva, F.A.

1985-01-01

The longitudinal response function of 12 C in the range of momentum transfers 200 MeV/c< or =q< or =550 MeV/c is calculated in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. The particle-hole Green's function is evaluated by means of a doorway-state expansion. This method allows us to take into account finite-range residual interactions in the continuum, including exchange processes. At low momentum transfers, calculations agree qualitatively with the data. The data cannot be reproduced at momentum transfers around 450 MeV/c. This discrepancy can be accounted for neither by uncertainties in the residual interaction, nor by more complicated processes in the nuclear final states

Socioeconomic Implications of Achieving 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C Climate Targets under Scientific Uncertainties

Science.gov (United States)

Su, X.; Takahashi, K.; Fujimori, S.; Hasegawa, T.; Tanaka, K.; Shiogama, H.; Emori, S.; LIU, J.; Hanasaki, N.; Hijioka, Y.; Masui, T.

2017-12-01

Large uncertainty exists in the temperature projections, including contributions from carbon cycle, climate system and aerosols. For the integrated assessment models (IAMs), like DICE, FUND and PAGE, however, the scientific uncertainties mainly rely on the distribution of (equilibrium) climate sensitivity. This study aims at evaluating the emission pathways by limiting temperature increase below 2.0 ºC or 1.5 ºC after 2100 considering scientific uncertainties, and exploring how socioeconomic indicators are affected by such scientific uncertainties. We use a stochastic version of the SCM4OPT, with an uncertainty measurement by considering alternative ranges of key parameters. Three climate cases, namely, i) base case of SSP2, ii) limiting temperature increase below 2.0 ºC after 2100 and iii) limiting temperature increase below 1.5 ºC after 2100, and three types of probabilities - i) >66% probability or likely, ii) >50% probability or more likely than not and iii) the mean of the probability distribution, are considered in the study. The results show that, i) for the 2.0ºC case, the likely CO2 reduction rate in 2100 ranges from 75.5%-102.4%, with mean value of 88.1%, and 93.0%-113.1% (mean 102.5%) for the 1.5ºC case; ii) a likely range of forcing effect is found for the 2.0 ºC case (2.7-3.9 Wm-2) due to scientific uncertainty, and 1.9-3.1 Wm-2 for the 1.5 ºC case; iii) the carbon prices within 50% confidential interval may differ a factor of 3 for both the 2.0ºC case and the 1.5 ºC case; iv) the abatement costs within 50% confidential interval may differ a factor of 4 for both the 2.0ºC case and the 1.5 ºC case. Nine C4MIP carbon cycle models and nineteen CMIP3 AOGCMs are used to account for the scientific uncertainties, following MAGICC 6.0. These uncertainties will result in a likely radiative forcing range of 6.1-7.5 Wm-2 and a likely temperature increase of 3.1-4.5 ºC in 2100 for the base case of SSP2. If we evaluate the 2 ºC target by limiting the

Absence of PDGF-induced, PKC-independent c-fos expression in a chemically transformed C3H/10T1/2 cell clone.

Science.gov (United States)

Vassbotn, F S; Skar, R; Holmsen, H; Lillehaug, J R

1992-09-01

The effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on c-fos mRNA transcription was studied in the immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 (10T1/2) cells and the chemically transformed, tumorigenic subclone C3H/10T1/2 Cl 16 (Cl 16). In the 10T1/2 cells as well as the Cl 16 subclone, the dose-dependent PDGF stimulation of c-fos mRNA synthesis was similar in both logarithmically growing and confluent cultures. c-fos mRNA was induced severalfold by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in both 10T1/2 and Cl 16. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity by TPA pretreatment inhibited PDGF-stimulated c-fos mRNA expression in Cl 16 cells but did not affect this induction in the 10T1/2 cells. This inhibition was not a general phenomenon of 3-methylcholanthrene-mediated transformation of 10T1/2 cells since experiments with another transformed 10T1/2 cell clone, C3H/10T1/2 TPA 482, gave qualitatively the same results as the 10T1/2 cells. Receptor binding experiments showed that the nontransformed and transformed cells had a comparable number of PDGF receptors, 1.3 x 10(5) and 0.7 x 10(5) receptors per cell, respectively. Furthermore, cAMP-induced c-fos expression induced by forskolin is formerly shown to be independent of PKC down-regulation. In our experiments, forskolin induced c-fos expression in both clones. However, PKC down-regulation inhibited the forskolin-induced c-fos expression in Cl 16 cells. This apparently demonstrates cross talk between PKC and PKA in the c-fos induction pathway. The present results provide evidence for an impaired mechanism for activating c-fos expression through PKC-independent, PDGF-induced signal transduction in the chemically transformed Cl 16 fibroblasts compared to that in nontransformed 10T1/2 cells.

MicroRNA, miR-374b, directly targets Myf6 and negatively regulates C2C12 myoblasts differentiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Zhiyuan; Sun, Xiaorui; Xu, Dequan; Xiong, Yuanzhu; Zuo, Bo, E-mail: zuobo@mail.hzau.edu.cn

2015-11-27

Myogenesis is a complex process including myoblast proliferation, differentiation and myotube formation and is controlled by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD, MyoG, Myf5 and Myf6 (also known as MRF4). MicroRNA is a kind of ∼22 nt-long non-coding small RNAs, and act as key transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Identification of miRNAs involved in the regulation of muscle genes could improve our understanding of myogenesis process. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Myf6 gene by miRNAs. We showed that miR-374b specifically bound to the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of Myf6 and down-regulated the expression of Myf6 gene at both mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, miR-374b is ubiquitously expressed in the tissues of adult C57BL6 mouse, and the mRNA abundance increases first and then decreases during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. Over-expression of miR-374b impaired C2C12 cell differentiation, while inhibiting miR-374b expression by 2′-O-methyl antisense oligonucleotides promoted C2C12 cell differentiation. Taken together, our findings identified miR-374b directly targets Myf6 and negatively regulates myogenesis. - Highlights: • MiR-374b directly targets 3′UTR of Myf6. • MiR-374b negatively regulates Myf6 in C2C12 cells. • MiR-374b abundance significiently changes during C2C12 cells differentiation. • MiR-374b negatively regulates C2C12 cells differentiation.

Biosynthetic Studies on Water-Soluble Derivative 5c (DTX5c

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José J. Fernández

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum belizeanum is responsible for the production of several toxins involved in the red tide phenomenon known as Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP. In this paper we report on the biosynthetic origin of an okadaic acid water-soluble ester derivative, DTX5c, on the basis of the spectroscopical analysis of 13C enriched samples obtained by addition of labelled sodium [l-13C], [2-13C] acetate to artificial cultures of this dinoflagellate.

The influence of cyclic structure on the radiolysis of hydrocarbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foeldiak, G.; Cserep, Gy.; Horvath, Zs.; Wojnarovits, L.

1975-01-01

Aliphatic and cyclic C 3 -C 12 alkanes and alkenes have been irradiated in liquid phase by a 60 Co-γ-source with the nominal activity of 80 000 Ci. The dose rate was 1-2 Mrad/hr, the doses were between 0 and 10 Mrad. The following conclusions can be drawn from the experiments: 1., While no significant difference can be observed between radiolytic decomposition of n-hydrocarbon homologues, that of cyclic hydrocarbons is the function of the size of the ring. 2., Reactivity of cyclic hydrocarbons is influenced not only by their surplus enthalpy of formation (strain energy) but also by the individual components of this surplus enthalpy, e.g. bond deformation or repulsion between hydrogen atoms. 3., The overall yield of decomposition of higher than C 4 straightchain and cyclic alkanes activated by radiation and reacting via either C-C or C-H fission is approximately constant, with a G value of 6.5+-0.5. The structure of the molecules affects mainly the ratio of C-C and C-H bond rupture, i.e. these two processes are in competition. 4., Hydrogen yields from alkenes are affected mainly by the order and number of allylic C-H bonds, and by the possibility of the formation of allyl-type radicals. This latter is facilitated by ''free'' rotation in the case of open-chain hydrocarbons whereas it is hindered in the case of small and medium size cycles. (K.A.)

Deposition Velocities of C1 - C5 Alkyl Nitrates at a Northern Colorado Site

Science.gov (United States)

Abeleira, A.; Sive, B. C.; Farmer, D.; Swarthout, B.

2017-12-01

Organic nitrates (RONO2) are ubiquitous in the troposphere and are part of gas-phase oxidized nitrogen (NOy = NOx + HNO3 + HONO + N2O5 + HO2NO2 + PAN + NO3 + RONO2). RONO2 can act as both sinks and sources of HOx (RO + RO2 + OH) and NOx (NO + NO2), contributing to the nonlinearity of ozone (O3) formation. It is thus potentially important to understand sinks of RONO2, and how they change seasonally, in order to predict O3 on local, regional and global scales. We focus here on speciated C1 - C5 monofunctional alkyl nitrates (C1 - C5 ANs). In polluted continental regions the dominant source of C1 - C5 ANs is the OH-initiated oxidation of parent alkanes in the presence of NO, and thus changes seasonally with OH mixing ratios. Direct emissions of C1 - C2 ANs include oceanic sources and biomass burning. The sinks of C1 - C5 ANs include OH oxidation and photolysis, both of which release O3 precursors. Chemical transport models tend to overestimate the mixing ratios of small ANs indicating that a missing sink is not included. Wet deposition of C1 - C5 ANs is typically ignored due to the very low Henry's Law constants of these species. However, dry deposition of total organic nitrogen has been observed to be substantial. The dry deposition velocity of methyl nitrate has previously been estimated from summer observations at a rural New England site with a value of 0.13 cm s-1. Here we report deposition velocities for C1 - C5 ANs from surface observations at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, Colorado during winter 2011 and spring 2015. We calculate deposition velocities from the observed decay in C1 - C5 ANs at night during periods with a stable nocturnal boundary layer height of 100 - 200 meters. Ideal meteorological conditions were observed for 5 nights during the 2011 NACHTT campaign (February - March 2011), and for 5 nights during the 2015 SONGNEX campaign (March - May 2015). Deposition velocities increased with alkyl nitrate size, ranging from 0.15 cm

Neutrino cross sections on 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sandberg, V.D.

1996-01-01

Measurements of the charged current reactions 12 C(v e ,e - ) 12 N and 12 C(v μ ,μ - ) 12 N for inclusive transitions to 12 N excited states and exclusive transitions to 12 N , are presented. The data presented represent 3 years of running of the LSND experiments and are from runs in 1993, 1994, and 1995 and total to 14772 Coulombs of protons on target. The v e scattering and v μ - exclusive scattering results are in good agreement with theoretical expectations, while the v μ - inclusive scattering results are smaller than expected from a continuum random phase calculation

DRAGON, a GPI-anchored membrane protein, inhibits BMP signaling in C2C12 myoblasts.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanomata, Kazuhiro; Kokabu, Shoichiro; Nojima, Junya; Fukuda, Toru; Katagiri, Takenobu

2009-06-01

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteoblastic differentiation of myoblasts via binding to cell surface receptors. Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) have been identified as BMP co-receptors. We report here that DRAGON/RGMb, a member of the RGM family, suppressed BMP signaling in C2C12 myoblasts via a novel mechanism. All RGMs were expressed in C2C12 cells that were differentiated into myocytes and osteoblastic cells, but RGMc was not detected in immature cells. In C2C12 cells, only DRAGON suppressed ALP and Id1 promoter activities induced by BMP-4 or by constitutively activated BMP type I receptors. This inhibition by DRAGON was dependent on the secretory form of the von Willbrand factor type D domain. DRAGON even suppressed BMP signaling induced by constitutively activated Smad1. Over-expression of neogenin did not alter the inhibitory capacity of DRAGON. Taken together, these findings indicate that DRAGON may be an inhibitor of BMP signaling in C2C12 myoblasts. We also suggest that a novel molecule(s) expressed on the cell membrane may mediate the signal transduction of DRAGON in order to suppress BMP signaling in C2C12 myoblasts.

Independent AMP and NAD signaling regulates C2C12 differentiation and metabolic adaptation.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, Chia George; Burkholder, Thomas J

2016-12-01

The balance of ATP production and consumption is reflected in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) content and has been associated with phenotypic plasticity in striated muscle. Some studies have suggested that AMPK-dependent plasticity may be an indirect consequence of increased NAD synthesis and SIRT1 activity. The primary goal of this study was to assess the interaction of AMP- and NAD-dependent signaling in adaptation of C2C12 myotubes. Changes in myotube developmental and metabolic gene expression were compared following incubation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to activate AMPK- and NAD-related signaling. AICAR showed no effect on NAD pool or nampt expression but significantly reduced histone H3 acetylation and GLUT1, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 (COX2), and MYH3 expression. In contrast, NMN supplementation for 24 h increased NAD pool by 45 % but did not reduce histone H3 acetylation nor promote mitochondrial gene expression. The combination of AMP and NAD signaling did not induce further metabolic adaptation, but NMN ameliorated AICAR-induced myotube reduction. We interpret these results as indication that AMP and NAD contribute to C2C12 differentiation and metabolic adaptation independently.

Delta Electroproduction in 12-C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McLauchlan, Steven [Univ. of Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom)

2003-01-01

The Δ-nucleus potential is a crucial element in the understanding of the nuclear system. Previous electroexcitation measurements in the delta region reported a Q² dependence of the Δ mass indicating that this potential is dependent on the momentum of the Δ. Such a dependence is not observed for protons and neutrons in the nuclear medium. This thesis presents the experimental study of the electroexcitation of the Δ resonance in ¹²C, performed using the high energy electron beam at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, and the near 4π acceptance detector CLAS that enables the detection of the full reaction final state. Inclusive, semi inclusive, and exclusive cross sections were measured with an incident electron beam energy of 1.162GeV over the Q² range 0.175-0.475 (GeV/c)². A Q² dependence of the Δ mass was only observed in the exclusive measurements indicating that the Δ-nucleus potential is affected by the momentum of the Δ.

Graphene-Based Patterning and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bajaj, Piyush; Rivera, Jose A; Marchwiany, Daniel

2014-01-01

This study aims at generating highly aligned functional myotubes using graphene as the underlying scaffold. Graphene not only supports the growth of C2C12 muscle cells but also enhances its differentiation and leads to spontaneous patterning of myotubes....

Phase-shift-analysis approach to elastic neutron scattering from /sup 12/C between 9 and 12 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tornow, W. (Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Physikalisches Inst.); Walter, R.L.; Byrd, R.C. (Duke Univ., Durham, NC (USA). Dept. of Physics; Triangle Universities Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (USA))

1985-03-01

The excitation energy, spin and parity of levels in /sup 13/C have been determined for excitation energies between 13 and 16 MeV via a phase-shift analysis of the measured total cross section, elastic differential cross section and analysing power for n + /sup 12/C in the neutron energy range from 8.9 to 12.0 MeV. New analysing power measurements are reported for this energy range. The present and previous experimental data are well described by the phase shifts obtained. The non-elastic cross section for n + /sup 12/C predicted from the phase shifts is in good agreement with the ENDF/B-V evaluation. The need for further experimental data is pointed out.

IGF-1 prevents simvastatin-induced myotoxicity in C2C12 myotubes.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonifacio, Annalisa; Sanvee, Gerda M; Brecht, Karin; Kratschmar, Denise V; Odermatt, Alex; Bouitbir, Jamal; Krähenbühl, Stephan

2017-05-01

Statins are generally well tolerated, but treatment with these drugs may be associated with myopathy. The mechanisms of statin-associated myopathy are not completely understood. Statins inhibit AKT phosphorylation by an unclear mechanism, whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) activates the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway and promotes muscle growth. The aims of the study were to investigate mechanisms of impaired AKT phosphorylation by simvastatin and to assess effects of IGF-1 on simvastatin-induced myotoxicity in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 mouse myotubes were exposed to 10 μM simvastatin and/or 10 ng/mL IGF-1 for 18 h. Simvastatin inhibited the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway, resulting in increased breakdown of myofibrillar proteins, impaired protein synthesis and increased apoptosis. Simvastatin inhibited AKT S473 phosphorylation, indicating reduced activity of mTORC2. In addition, simvastatin impaired stimulation of AKT T308 phosphorylation by IGF-1, indicating reduced activation of the IGF-1R/PI3K pathway by IGF-1. Nevertheless, simvastatin-induced myotoxicity could be at least partially prevented by IGF-1. The protective effects of IGF-1 were mediated by activation of the IGF-1R/AKT signaling cascade. Treatment with IGF-1 also suppressed muscle atrophy markers, restored protein synthesis and inhibited apoptosis. These results were confirmed by normalization of myotube morphology and protein content of C2C12 cells exposed to simvastatin and treated with IGF-1. In conclusion, impaired activity of AKT can be explained by reduced function of mTORC2 and of the IGF-1R/PI3K pathway. IGF-1 can prevent simvastatin-associated cytotoxicity and metabolic effects on C2C12 cells. The study gives insight into mechanisms of simvastatin-associated myotoxicity and provides potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Experimental measurement of the 12C+16O fusion cross sections at astrophysical energies

Science.gov (United States)

Fang, X.; Tan, W. P.; Beard, M.; deBoer, R. J.; Gilardy, G.; Jung, H.; Liu, Q.; Lyons, S.; Robertson, D.; Setoodehnia, K.; Seymour, C.; Stech, E.; Vande Kolk, B.; Wiescher, M.; de Souza, R.; Hudan, S.; Singh, V.; Tang, X. D.; Uberseder, E.

2018-05-01

The total cross sections of the 12C+16O fusion have been experimentally determined at low energies to investigate the role of this reaction during late stellar evolution burning phases. A high-intensity oxygen beam was produced by the 5MV pelletron accelerator at the University of Notre Dame impinging on a thick ultra-pure graphite target. Protons and γ-rays were measured simultaneously in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.64 to 5.01 MeV, using strip silicon and HPGe detectors. Statistical model calculations were employed to interpret the experimental results. A new broad resonance-like structure is observed for the 12C+16O reaction, and a decreasing trend of its S-factor towards low energies is found.

C-12/C-13 Ratio in Ethane on Titan and Implications for Methane's Replenishment

Science.gov (United States)

Jennings, Donald E.; Romani, Paul N.; Bjoraker, Gordon L.; Sada, Pedro V.; Nixon, Conor A.; Lunsford, Allen W.; Boyle, Robert J.; Hesman, Brigette E.; McCabe, George H.

2009-01-01

The C-12/C-13 abundance ratio in ethane in the atmosphere of Titan has been measured at 822 cm(sup -1) from high spectral resolution ground-based observations. The value 89(8), coincides with the telluric standard and also agrees with the ratio seen in the outer planets. It is almost identical to the result for ethane on Titan found by the composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) on Cassini. The C-12/C-13 ratio for ethane is higher than the ratio measured in atmospheric methane by Cassini/Huygens GCMS, 82.3(l), representing an enrichment of C-12 in the ethane that might be explained by a kinetic isotope effect of approximately 1.1 in the formation of methyl radicals. If methane is being continuously resupplied to balance photochemical destruction, then we expect the isotopic composition in the ethane product to equilibrate at close to the same C-12/C-13 ratio as that in the supply. The telluric value of the ratio in ethane then implies that the methane reservoir is primordial.

Total reaction cross section for 12C+16O below the Coulomb barrier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cujec, B.; Barnes, C.A.

1976-01-01

The energy dependence of the total reaction cross section, sigma(E), for 12 C+ 16 0 has been measured over the range Esub(c.m.)=4-12 MeV, by detecting γ-rays from the various possible residual nuclei with two large NaI(Tl) detectors placed close to the target. This technique for measuring total reaction cross sections was explored in some detail and shown to yield reliable values for sigma(E). Although the principal emphasis of this work was placed on obtaining reliable cross sections, a preliminary study has been made of the suitability of various methods for extrapolating the cross section to still lower energies. The statistical model provides a good fit with a reasonable value for the strength function, 2 >/ =6.8x10 -2 , over the range Esub(c.m.)=6.5-12 MeV, but predicts cross sections which are much too large for Esub(c.m.)<6.5 MeV. Optical model fits at low energies are especially sensitive to the radius and diffuseness of the imaginary component of the potential and, since these are still poorly known at present, such extrapolations may be wrong by orders of magnitude. A simple barrier penetration model gives a moderately good fit to the data and seems to provide the safest extrapolation to lower energies at the present time. It is clear, however, that our knowledge of the heavy-ion reaction mechanism at low energies is incomplete, and that cross-section measurements at still lower energies are needed to establish the correct procedure for extrapolating heavy-ion reaction cross sections to low energies. (Auth.)

New Primary Dew-Point Generators at HMI/FSB-LPM in the Range from -70 °C to +60 °C

Science.gov (United States)

Zvizdic, Davor; Heinonen, Martti; Sestan, Danijel

2012-09-01

To extend the dew-point range and to improve the uncertainties of the humidity scale realization at HMI/FSB-LPM, new primary low- and high-range dew-point generators were developed and implemented in cooperation with MIKES, in 2009 through EUROMET Project No. 912. The low-range saturator is designed for primary realization of the dew-point temperature scale from -70 °C to + 5 °C, while the high-range saturator covers the range from 1 °C to 60 °C. The system is designed as a single-pressure, single-pass dew-point generator. MIKES designed and constructed both the saturators to be implemented in dew-point calibration systems at LPM. The LPM took care of purchasing and adapting liquid baths, of implementing the temperature and pressure measurement equipment appropriate for use in the systems, and development of gas preparation and flow control systems as well as of the computer-based automated data acquisition. The principle and the design of the generator are described in detail and schematically depicted. The tests were performed at MIKES to investigate how close both the saturators are to an ideal saturator. Results of the tests show that both the saturators are efficient enough for a primary realization of the dew-point temperature scale from -70 °C to + 60 °C, in the specified flow-rate ranges. The estimated standard uncertainties due to the non-ideal saturation efficiency are between 0.02 °C and 0.05 °C.

The level structure of 13C around Esub(x)=20 MeV studied by polarised neutron scattering from 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tornow, W.; Woye, E.

1987-01-01

Analysing-power data for elastic scattering of neutrons from 12 C have been obtained at selected angles in small energy steps between incident energies of 15.55 and 17.35 MeV. The excitation energy, spin and parity of levels in 13 C have been determined for excitation energies around 20 MeV via a phase-shift analysis of these data and of previously measured n- 12 C total cross section data. In addition, an auxiliary phase-shift analysis has been performed in the neutron energy range from 12 to 15 MeV. All experimental data are well reproduced by the phase shifts obtained. The need for further experimental data is pointed out. (author)

C30F12.4 influences oogenesis, fat metabolism, and lifespan in C. elegans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lu Wang

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Reproduction, fat metabolism, and longevity are intertwined regulatory axes; recent studies in C. elegans have provided evidence that these processes are directly coupled. However, the mechanisms by which they are coupled and the reproductive signals modulating fat metabolism and lifespan are poorly understood. Here, we find that an oogenesis-enriched gene, c30f12.4, is specifically expressed and located in germ cells and early embryos; when the gene is knocked out, oogenesis is disrupted and brood size is decreased. In addition to the reproductive phenotype, we find that the loss of c30f12.4 alters fat metabolism, resulting in decreased fat storage and smaller lipid droplets. Meanwhile, c30f12.4 mutant worms display a shortened lifespan. Our results highlight an important role for c30f12.4 in regulating reproduction, fat homeostasis, and aging in C. elegans, which helps us to better understand the relationship between these processes.

Determination of cross sections for 12C-nucleus interactions at 4.5 GeV/c per incident nucleon momentum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aksinenko, V.D.; Anikina, M.Kh.; Buttsev, V.S.

1980-01-01

Interactions of relativistic 12 C nuclei with C, Ne, Si, Cu, Zr pure nuclear targets haVe been studied in the SKM-200 streamer chamber. The cross sections have been determined for inelastic interactions and for the emission of at least one negative particle. An analysis of possible sources of systematic errors has been performed. A comparison is made with results of other experiments and data obtained eaplier by the SKM-200 Collaboration for 4 He-nucleus interactions

Total Synthesis of Zoanthamine Alkaloids, Part 2. Construction of the C1-C5, C6-C10 and C11-C24 Fragments of Zoanthamine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tanner, David Ackland; Tedenborg, Lars; Somfai, Peter

1997-01-01

This paper describes the construction of three key intermediates for a projected total synthesis of the marine alkaloid zoanthamine. These building blocks, corresponding to the C1-C5, C6-C10 and C11-C24 fragments of the target molecule, are synthesised efficiently form (R)-hydroxymethyl-butyrolac......This paper describes the construction of three key intermediates for a projected total synthesis of the marine alkaloid zoanthamine. These building blocks, corresponding to the C1-C5, C6-C10 and C11-C24 fragments of the target molecule, are synthesised efficiently form (R...

12 CFR 563c.3 - Qualification of public accountant.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualification of public accountant. 563c.3... REQUIREMENTS Form and Content of Financial Statements § 563c.3 Qualification of public accountant. (See also 17 CFR 210.2-01.) The term “qualified public accountant” means a certified public accountant or licensed...

Study of the unimolecular decompositions of the (C3H6)+2 and (c-C3H6)+2 complexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tzeng, W.; Ono, Y.; Linn, S.H.; Ng, C.Y.

1985-01-01

The major product channels identified in the unimolecular decompositions ofC 3 H + 6 xC 3 H 6 and c-C 3 H + 6 xc-C 3 H 6 in the total energy [neutral (C 3 H 6 ) 2 or (c-C 3 H 6 ) 2 heat of formation plus excitation energy] range of approx.230--450 kcal/mol are C 3 H + 7 +C 3 H 5 , C 4 H + 7 +C 2 H 5 , C 4 H + 8 +C 2 H 4 , and C 5 H + 9 +CH 3 . The measured appearance energy for C 4 H + 7 (9.54 +- 0.04 eV) from (C 3 H 6 ) 2 is equal to the thermochemical threshold for the formation of C 4 H + 7 +C 2 H 5 from (C 3 H 6 ) 2 , indicating that the exit potential energy barrier for the ion--molecule reaction C 3 H + 6 +C 3 H 6 →C 4 H + 7 +C 2 H 5 is negligible. There is evidence that the formations of C 4 H + 7 +C 2 H 4 +H from (C 3 H 6 ) + 2 and (c-C 3 H 6 ) + 2 also proceed with high probabilities when they are energetically allowed. The variations of the relative abundances for C 4 H + 7 ,C 4 H + 8 , and C 5 H + 9 from (C 3 H 6 ) + 2 and (c-C 3 H 6 ) + 2 as a function of ionizing photon energy are in qualitative agreement, suggesting that (C 3 H 6 ) + 2 and (c-C 3 H 6 ) + 2 rearrange to similar C 6 H + 12 isomers prior to fragmentation. The fact that C 6 H + 11 is found to be a primary ion from the unimolecular decomposition of (c-C 3 H 6 ) + 2 but not (C 3 H 6 ) + 2 supports the conclusion that the distribution of C 6 H + 12 collision complexes involved in the C 3 H + 6 +C 3 H 6 reactions is different from that in the cyclopropane ion--molecule reactions

Water sorption isotherms of skimmed milk powder within the temperature range of 5–20 °C

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jitka Langová

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Moisture sorption isotherms (MSI’s of skimmed milk powder in the temperature range of 5–20 °C were determined using manometric method. MSI’s, which show the water content versus water activity (Aw at a constant temperature, are used to describe relationships between water content and equilibrium state relative vapour pressure (RVP. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC of skimmed milk powder samples is growing with an increase of Aw at a constant temperature both for water adsorption and desorption. Isotherms were found to be type II of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller classification. It is the type most common for foods. The shape of created isotherms was sigmoid. Structural modifications of crystals were observed during adsorption in the microscope, too. Critical value of EMC of tested samples corresponding to the Aw equal to 0.6 for adsorption was 6.50% MC (w.b. at temperature 5 °C, 9.15% MC (w.b. at temperature 10 °C, and 7.71% MC (w.b. at temperature 20 °C. These values determine optimal conditions for storage from the point of view microorganisms grow, Aw<0.6.

Synthesis of extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by oxidative tandem spirocyclization and 1,2-aryl migration

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xuan; Xu, Zhanqiang; Si, Weili; Oniwa, Kazuaki; Bao, Ming; Yamamoto, Yoshinori; Jin, Tienan

2017-04-01

The extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received significant interdisciplinary attention due to their semiconducting applications in diverse organic electronics as well as intriguing structural interests of well-defined graphene segments. Herein, a highly efficient oxidative spirocyclization and 1,2-aryl migration tandem synthetic method for the construction of extended polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been developed. The CuCl-catalyst/PhCO3 tBu or DDQ oxidation system in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid enables the selective single-electron oxidation to take place preferentially at the more electron-rich alkene moiety of o-biphenylyl-substituted methylenefluorenes, giving rise to the subsequent tandem process. A variety of structurally diverse extended PAHs including functionalized dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes, benzo[f]naphtho[1,2-s]picene, hexabenzo[a,c,fg,j,l,op]tetracene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,m]phenanthro[9,10-k]tetraphene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,k]phenanthro[9,10-m]tetraphene, tetrabenzo[a,c,f,o]phenanthro[9,10-m]picene and S-type helicene have been readily synthesized.

First line shape analysis and spectroscopic parameters for the ν11 band of 12C2H4

KAUST Repository

Es-sebbar, Et-touhami

2016-08-11

An accurate knowledge of line intensities, collisional broadening coefficients and narrowing parameters is necessary for the interpretation of high-resolution infrared spectra of the Earth and other planetary atmospheres. One of the most promising spectral domains for (C2H4)-C-12 monitoring in such environments is located near the 336 gm window, through its v(11) C-H stretching mode. In this paper, we report an extensive study in which we precisely determine spectroscopic parameters of (C2H4)-C-12 v(11) band at 297 +/- 1 K, using a narrow Difference-Frequency-Generation (DFG) laser with 10(-4) cm(-1) resolution. Absorption measurements were performed in the 2975-2980 cm(-1) spectral window to investigate 32 lines corresponding to where, J\\'ka\\',kc\\'<- Jka,kc, 5 <= J <= 7; 0.5 <= K-a <= 6 and 1 <= K-c <= 14. Spectroscopic parameters are retrieved using either Voigt or appropriate Galatry profile to simulate the measured (C2H4)-C-12 line shape. Line intensities along with self-broadening coefficients are reported for all lines. Narrowing coefficients for each isolated line are also derived. To our knowledge, the current study reports the first extensive spectroscopic parameter measurements of the (C2H4)-C-12 v(11) band in the 2975-2980 cm(-1) range. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

First line shape analysis and spectroscopic parameters for the ν11 band of 12C2H4

KAUST Repository

Es-sebbar, Et-touhami; Mantzaras, John; Benilan, Yves; Farooq, Aamir

2016-01-01

An accurate knowledge of line intensities, collisional broadening coefficients and narrowing parameters is necessary for the interpretation of high-resolution infrared spectra of the Earth and other planetary atmospheres. One of the most promising spectral domains for (C2H4)-C-12 monitoring in such environments is located near the 336 gm window, through its v(11) C-H stretching mode. In this paper, we report an extensive study in which we precisely determine spectroscopic parameters of (C2H4)-C-12 v(11) band at 297 +/- 1 K, using a narrow Difference-Frequency-Generation (DFG) laser with 10(-4) cm(-1) resolution. Absorption measurements were performed in the 2975-2980 cm(-1) spectral window to investigate 32 lines corresponding to where, J'ka',kc'<- Jka,kc, 5 <= J <= 7; 0.5 <= K-a <= 6 and 1 <= K-c <= 14. Spectroscopic parameters are retrieved using either Voigt or appropriate Galatry profile to simulate the measured (C2H4)-C-12 line shape. Line intensities along with self-broadening coefficients are reported for all lines. Narrowing coefficients for each isolated line are also derived. To our knowledge, the current study reports the first extensive spectroscopic parameter measurements of the (C2H4)-C-12 v(11) band in the 2975-2980 cm(-1) range. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Receptor modeling of C2─C7 hydrocarbon sources at an urban background site in Zurich, Switzerland: changes between 1993─1994 and 2005─2006

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Reimann

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Hourly measurements of 13 volatile hydrocarbons (C2–C7 were performed at an urban background site in Zurich (Switzerland in the years 1993–1994 and again in 2005–2006. For the separation of the volatile organic compounds by gas-chromatography (GC, an identical chromatographic column was used in both campaigns. Changes in hydrocarbon profiles and source strengths were recovered by positive matrix factorization (PMF. Eight and six factors could be related to hydrocarbon sources in 1993–1994 and in 2005–2006, respectively. The modeled source profiles were verified by hydrocarbon profiles reported in the literature. The source strengths were validated by independent measurements, such as inorganic trace gases (NOx, CO, SO2, methane (CH4, oxidized hydrocarbons (OVOCs and meteorological data (temperature, wind speed etc.. Our analysis suggests that the contribution of most hydrocarbon sources (i.e. road traffic, solvents use and wood burning decreased by a factor of about two to three between the early 1990s and 2005–2006. On the other hand, hydrocarbon losses from natural gas leakage remained at relatively constant levels (−20%. The estimated emission trends are in line with the results from different receptor-based approaches reported for other European cities. Their differences to national emission inventories are discussed.

High storage capacity and separation selectivity for C2hydrocarbons over methane in the metal-organic framework Cu-TDPAT

KAUST Repository

Liu, Kang; Ma, Dingxuan; Li, Baiyan; Li, Yi; Yao, Kexin; Zhang, Zhijuan; Han, Yu; Shi, Zhan

2014-01-01

We report on the storage capacity and separation selectivity of an rht-type metal-organic framework, Cu-TDPAT [TDPAT = 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine], for C2hydrocarbons over CH4. Henry's constant, the isosteric heat of adsorption and the ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity were calculated based on single-component sorption isotherms. Theoretical calculations indicate that both the open metal sites and the Lewis basic sites have strong interactions with the C2molecules. The combination of these two kinds of sites lead to the highest C2H2-CH4selectivity of 127.1 as well as record high values for C2H4adsorption enthalpies. To mimic real-world conditions, breakthrough experiments were conducted on an equimolar four-component mixture containing C2H2, C2H4, C2H6and CH4at room temperature and 1 atm pressure. Our results show that Cu-TDPAT is a promising candidate for CH4capture and purification. This journal is

High storage capacity and separation selectivity for C2hydrocarbons over methane in the metal-organic framework Cu-TDPAT

KAUST Repository

Liu, Kang

2014-01-01

We report on the storage capacity and separation selectivity of an rht-type metal-organic framework, Cu-TDPAT [TDPAT = 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine], for C2hydrocarbons over CH4. Henry\\'s constant, the isosteric heat of adsorption and the ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity were calculated based on single-component sorption isotherms. Theoretical calculations indicate that both the open metal sites and the Lewis basic sites have strong interactions with the C2molecules. The combination of these two kinds of sites lead to the highest C2H2-CH4selectivity of 127.1 as well as record high values for C2H4adsorption enthalpies. To mimic real-world conditions, breakthrough experiments were conducted on an equimolar four-component mixture containing C2H2, C2H4, C2H6and CH4at room temperature and 1 atm pressure. Our results show that Cu-TDPAT is a promising candidate for CH4capture and purification. This journal is

BAMBI Promotes C2C12 Myogenic Differentiation by Enhancing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qiangling Zhang

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Bone morphogenic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI is regarded as an essential regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation that represses transforming growth factor-β and enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling in various cell types. However, its role in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In the current study, we found that the expression level of BAMBI peaked in the early differentiation phase of the C2C12 rodent myoblast cell line. Knockdown of BAMBI via siRNA inhibited C2C12 differentiation, indicated by repressed MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC expression as well as reductions in the differentiation and fusion indices. BAMBI knockdown reduced the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as characterized by the decreased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the lowered transcription of Axin2, which is a well-documented target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, rescued the reduction in C2C12 differentiation caused by BAMBI siRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that BAMBI is required for normal C2C12 differentiation, and that its role in myogenesis is mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Fragmentation of 12C nuclei in emulsion at 50 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Naghy, A.

1981-01-01

A total of 852 12 C-emulsion interactions at 4.2 GeV/nucleon was investigated. In 86% of these events, at least one projectile fragment was oberserved in each. The angular distributions of Z = 1,2, and >= 3 projectile fragments are narrow, and the dispersion of the distribution decreases with the increasing of Z. The production cross section of the reaction 12 C + Em → Li (from the projectile) + anything is about 6 x 10 -3 sigmasub(in). Only the projectile-fragmentation events, nsub(h) = O, were studied in detail; the percentage of these events is 10% of the total inelastic events. The events with the maximum probability are those in which α-fragment is the maximum-charged projectile fragment emitted. This indicates that the projectile nuclear structure plays an important role in the fragmentation process. In 1.2% of the total events, 12 C has been dissociated into 3 α-particles. (orig.)

CO2 and 12C:13C Isotopic Ratios on Phoebe and Iapetus

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, R. N.; Brown, R. H.; Cruikshank, D. P.

2016-12-01

Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved 0.35 to 5.1 micron reflectance spectra of Saturn's satellites beginning with the Phoebe fly-by in 2004 and a close fly-by of Iapetus in 2007. Both surfaces contain relatively abundant CO2. The new (2016 RC19) calibration of VIMS has provided a significant increase in the data quality, such that isotopic absorption bands in CO2 are now well defined. CO2 on Saturn's icy satellites is trapped (Cruikshank et al., 2010, Icarus v206 p561; Pinilla-Alonso et al. 2011, Icarus v211, p75i), predominantly in the dark material (Clark et al. 2012, Icarus v218 p831). Clark et al. modeled the CO2 abundance as 2.8% on Iapetus and 3.7% on Phoebe. The main 12CO2 band in VIMS spectra on Iapetus occurs at 4.253 microns and Phoebe at 4.266 microns. The 13CO2 absorption is strong on Phoebe at 4.367 microns and weak on Iapetus at 4.387 microns. Converting the Phoebe, Iapetus, and a lab reflectance spectrum (of trace H2O-CO2 mixture on a diffuse substrate), we derive preliminary values for the ratio of the equivalent widths of the 12C and 13C absorptions as 19±2 on Phoebe, 82±8 on Iapetus, and 98±10 for the laboratory spectrum. These ratios are related to the 12C/13C ratio, but there may be effects due to intra-molecular and inter-molecular coupling that will contribute to systematic errors in the isotopic abundances derived using equivalent-width measurements that we've yet to quantify. We Believe the effects are small, and will be attempting to quantify them in the future. For comparison, the terrestrial value of the 12C/13C ratio is 90.17, and vibrational coupling may explain the slightly high lab mixture result. The local interstellar medium is 69±15 (Boogert et al., 2000, A&A). Because the CO2 bands on Phoebe and Iapetus dark material have different positions, and because the observed 13C absorption strengths are so different, the surface evolutions must be different. The large enrichment in 13C on Phoebe argues for significant

Energy dependence of the 16O + 12C potential of interaction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. A. Ponkratenko

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The 16O + 12C scattering data originating from various measurements in the energy range from 1 to 100 MeV/nucleon have been analyzed within optical model (OM. As a result the global energy dependent 16O + 12C - OM-potential has been obtained. Satisfactory description of experimental data is achieved. While analyzing differential cross sections of the elastic scattering and fusion cross sections were calculated using var-ious types of optical potentials.

Adsorption of small hydrocarbons on rutile TiO2(110)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Long; Smith, R. Scott; Kay, Bruce D.; Dohnalek, Zdenek

2016-08-01

Temperature programmed desorption and molecular beam scattering were used to study the adsorption and desorption of small hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes with 1 - 4 carbon atoms of C1-C4) on rutile TiO2(110). We show that the sticking coefficients for all the hydrocarbons are close to unity (> 0.95) at an adsorption temperature of 60 K. The desorption energies for hydrocarbons of the same chain length increase from n-alkanes to 1-alkenes and to 1-alkynes. This trend is likely a consequence of an additional dative bonding of the alkene and alkyne π system to the coordinatively unsaturated Ti5c sites. Similar to previous studies on the adsorption of n-alkanes on metal and metal oxide surfaces, we find the desorption energies within each group (n-alkanes vs. 1-alkenes vs. 1-alkynes) from Ti5c sites increase linearly with the chain length. The absolute saturation coverages of each hydrocarbon on Ti5c sites were also determined. The saturation coverage of CH4, is found to be ~ 2/3 monolayer (ML). The saturation coverages of C2-C4 hydrocarbons are found nearly independent of the chain length with values of ~1/2 ML for n-alkanes and 1-alkenes and 2/3 ML for 1-alkynes. This result is surprising considering their similar sizes.

Recombinant myostatin reduces highly expressed microRNAs in differentiating C2C12 cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zachary A. Graham

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Myostatin is small glycopeptide that is produced and secreted by skeletal muscle. It is a potent negative regulator of muscle growth that has been associated with conditions of frailty. In C2C12 cells, myostatin limits cell differentiation. Myostatin acts through activin receptor IIB, activin receptor-like kinase (ALK and Smad transcription factors. microRNAs (miRNA are short, 22 base pair nucleotides that bind to the 3′ UTR of target mRNA to repress translation or reduce mRNA stability. In the present study, expression in differentiating C2C12 cells of the myomiRs miR-1 and 133a were down-regulated following treatment with 1 µg of recombinant myostatin at 1 d post-induction of differentiation while all myomiRs (miR-1, 133a/b and 206 were upregulated by SB431542, a potent ALK4/5/7 inhibitor which reduces Smad2 signaling, at 1 d and all, with the exception of miR-206, were upregulated by SB431542 at 3 d. The expression of the muscle-enriched miR-486 was greater following treatment with SB431542 but not altered by myostatin. Other highly expressed miRNAs in skeletal muscle, miR-23a/b and 145, were altered only at 1 d post-induction of differentiation. miR-27b responded differently to treatments at 1 d, where it was upregulated, as compared to 3 d, where it was downregulated. Neither myostatin nor SB431542 altered cell size or cell morphology. The data indicate that myostatin represses myomiR expression in differentiating C2C12 cells and that inhibition of Smad signaling with SB431542 can result in large changes in highly expressed miRNAs in differentiating myoblasts.

Analyzing power Asub(y)((theta) for /sup 12/C(n,nsub(0,1))/sup 12/C betwen 8. 9 and) 14. 9 MeV neutron energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woye, E.; Tornow, W.; Mack, G. (Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Physikalisches Inst.); Floyd, C.E.; Guss, P.P.; Murphy, K.; Byrd, R.C.; Wender, S.A.; Walter, R.L. (Duke Univ., Durham, NC (USA). Dept. of Physics; Triangle Universities Nuclear Lab., Durham, NC (USA))

1983-02-01

The analyzing power Asub(..gamma..)(theta) for /sup 12/C(n,n)/sup 12/C elastic scattering and for inelastic scattering to the first excited state (Jsup(..pi..) = 2/sup +/, Q = -4.44 MeV) of /sup 12/C was measured in the energy range from 8.9 to 14.9 MeV in 1 MeV steps. A pulsed polarized neutron beam was produced via the /sup 2/H(d vector,n vector)/sup 3/He polarization transfer reaction. Monte Carlo simulations were used to correct the data for finite geometry and multiple scattering effects. The Asub(..gamma..) data, together with publsihed cross-section data, were analyzed in the framework of the spherical optical model and in the coupled-channels formalism. A good description of the data has been achieved.

Current and Future Tests of the Algebraic Cluster Model of12C

Science.gov (United States)

Gai, Moshe

2017-07-01

A new theoretical approach to clustering in the frame of the Algebraic Cluster Model (ACM) has been developed. It predicts, in12C, rotation-vibration structure with rotational bands of an oblate equilateral triangular symmetric spinning top with a D 3h symmetry characterized by the sequence of states: 0+, 2+, 3-, 4±, 5- with a degenerate 4+ and 4- (parity doublet) states. Our newly measured {2}2+ state in12C allows the first study of rotation-vibration structure in12C. The newly measured 5- state and 4- states fit very well the predicted ground state rotational band structure with the predicted sequence of states: 0+, 2+, 3-, 4±, 5- with almost degenerate 4+ and 4- (parity doublet) states. Such a D 3h symmetry is characteristic of triatomic molecules, but it is observed in the ground state rotational band of12C for the first time in a nucleus. We discuss predictions of the ACM of other rotation-vibration bands in12C such as the (0+) Hoyle band and the (1-) bending mode with prediction of (“missing 3- and 4-”) states that may shed new light on clustering in12C and light nuclei. In particular, the observation (or non observation) of the predicted (“missing”) states in the Hoyle band will allow us to conclude the geometrical arrangement of the three alpha particles composing the Hoyle state at 7.6542 MeV in12C. We discuss proposed research programs at the Darmstadt S- DALINAC and at the newly constructed ELI-NP facility near Bucharest to test the predictions of the ACM in isotopes of carbon.

TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY AND GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE BENDING VIBRATIONS OF ACETYLENE 12C2D2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Shanshan; Drouin, Brian J.; Pearson, John C.; Pickett, Herbert M.; Lattanzi, Valerio; Walters, Adam

2009-01-01

Two hundred and fifty-one 12 C 2 D 2 transitions have been measured in the 0.2-1.6 THz region of its ν 5 -ν 4 difference band and 202 of them were observed for the first time. The accuracy of these measurements is estimated to be ranging from 50 kHz to 100 kHz. The 12 C 2 D 2 molecules were generated under room temperature by passing 120-150 mTorr D 2 O vapor through calcium carbide (CaC 2 ) powder. A multistate analysis was carried out for the bending vibrational modes ν 4 and ν 5 of 12 C 2 D 2 , which includes the lines observed in this work and prior microwave, far-infrared and infrared data on the pure bending levels. Significantly improved molecular parameters were obtained for 12 C 2 D 2 by adding the new measurements to the old data set, which had only 10 lines with microwave measurement precision. New frequency and intensity predictions have been made based on the obtained molecular parameters. The more precise measurements and new predictions reported here will support the analyses of astronomical observations by the future high-resolution spectroscopy telescopes such as Herschel, SOFIA, and ALMA, which will work in the terahertz spectral region.

The role of three-body coulomb fields versus final state interactions in the decay of 12C-α-12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quebert, J.L.; Bertault, D.; Scheurer, J.N.; Fouan, J.P.

1980-01-01

The alpha emission in 16 O + 12 C→ 12 C + α + 12 C has been thoroughly studied in the region of the rapidity plot: Ysub(α)=Ysub(c.m.). The three-body coulomb fields, as well as configurations close to alignment, account for the alpha yield which is observed. The apparent competition between direct and sequential decays is well explained by the coulomb break-up

Selective terminal C–C scission of C5-carbohydrates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Klis, van der F.; Gootjes, L.; Haveren, van J.; Es, van D.S.; Bitter, J.H.

2015-01-01

The selective catalytic production of C4-tetritols (erythritol and threitol) from C5-sugars is an attractive route for the conversion of non-digestible sugars to C4-building blocks from agro residues. Here we show that an unprecedented high selectivity of 20–25% C4-tertritols can be achieved under

The 90deg excitation function for elastic 12C+12C scattering. The importance of Airy elephants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McVoy, K.W.; Brandan, M.E.

1992-01-01

The 90deg excitation function for elastic 12 C+ 12 C scattering, at laboratory energies between the Coulomb barrier and 130 MeV, exhibits a complex structure of peaks and valleys whose nature has remained an unsolved mystery for more than 20 years. The problem has primarily been caused by the difficulty of choosing from a plethora of discretely ambiguous optical potentials. However, data accumulated above 150 MeV over the last decade have determined unique potentials at these higher energies, and the requirement of continuity downward in energy has recently permitted the determination of a unique set of potentials for angular distributions at energies below 130 MeV, where the excitation-function data exist. These new potentials are used to provide a mean-field (i.e., nonresonant) interpretation of the structure in the 12 C+ 12 C 90deg excitation function between 70 and 130 MeV. Its most prominent minima are found to be Airy minima from nuclear rainbows, with the remaining structure arising primarily from more elementary optical phenomena related to Fraunhofer diffraction. These same potentials are also successful in explaining the details of excitation functions measured very recently at other angles by Morsad. (orig.)

Evidence for the 3-fold α-cluster symmetry of 12C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rae, W.D.M.; Fry, P.E.; Merchant, A.C.

1996-01-01

Recently, resonances have been observed in the reactions 12 C( 12 C, 12 C(O 2 + )) 12 C(3 - ) and 12 C( 12 C, 12 C(3 - )) 12 C(3 - ) at E cm ∼ 33 MeV. Previously resonances in the reaction 12 C( 12 C, 12 C) 12 C(3 - ) have been reported by Fulton et al. Here we present a new model of these resonances. We relate this model to the classical theory of both the asymmetric rotor and the symmetric top. We believe that detailed spin measurements from these data will provide evidence for the 3-fold symmetry of 12 C. (author). Letter-to-the-editor

Upgrading pine sawdust pyrolysis oil to green biofuels by HDO over zinc-assisted Pd/C catalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Yinbin; Wei, Lin; Zhao, Xianhui; Cheng, Shouyun; Julson, James; Cao, Yuhe; Gu, Zhengrong

2016-01-01

Highlights: • The Pd/Zn synergistic catalysis was employed. • The true pyrolysis oil as substrate was used in HDO. • The products (gas and liquid) were analyzed. • The optimal reaction conditions were obtained. - Abstract: Upgrading pyrolysis oil by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a promising route for the production of advanced biofuels. The proper reaction conditions and catalysts are important for the success of this process. Previously our research group investigated the ratio of Zn and Pd on the synergistic effect for HDO bio-oil upgrading. This present research focuses on determining the optimal reaction conditions for HDO conversion of pyrolysis oil produced from pine sawdust. Temperatures of 150, 200 and 250 °C and hydrogen pressures of 1.38, 2.76 and 4.14 MPa were evaluated. Syngas, liquids and coke were the primary products evaluated. Syngas was characterized using a Gas chromatography (GC). The liquids were characterized using a Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Increasing reaction temperature resulted in increased coke yields. Treatment at 250 °C and 1.38 MPa resulted in the highest hydrocarbon content (6.06%). The treatment at 200 °C and 1.38 MPa produced the largest amounts of hydrocarbons in C_6–C_1_2 range (5.07%). The physicochemical characterizations further support the GCMS results. Syngas analysis revealed that higher hydrogen pressure leads to increased hydrogen consumption and results in more oxy-compounds conversion to hydrocarbons. The syngas analysis also supports the liquid analysis result.

Excited states in 22Mg via the 12C(12C,2n)22Mg reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jewett, Cybele; Baktash, Cyrus; Bardayan, Daniel W.; Blackmon, Jeff C.; Chipps, K.; Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo; Greife, U.; Gross, Carl J.; Jones, K. L.; Liang, Junjien; Livesay, Jake; Kozub, R. L.; Nesaraja, Caroline D; Radford, David C.; Sarazin, F.; Smith, Michael Scott; Thomas, J. S.; Yu, Chang-Hong

2007-01-01

The 12C(12C, 2n)22Mg reaction was measured with the CLARION array and the RMS separator at the Holifield Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This experiment was performed to gather more information on the excited states in 22Mg, which might be of relevance to recent radioactive ion beam measurements of the astrophysically important 21Na(p,γ)22Mg reaction. The results are compared to direct measurements, transfer experiments and a competing experiment performed with Gammasphere

Production of cumulative protons in the pion-carbon interactions at 5 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdinov, O.B.; Bajramov, A.A.; Budagov, Yu.A.; Valkar, Sh.; Dvornik, A.M.; Lomakin, Yu.F.; Majlov, A.A.; Flyagin, V.B.; Kharzheev, Yu.N.

1983-01-01

For the π -12 C interactions at the incident momentum of 5 GeV/c the relation between the divergence angle and the sum of kinetic energies of two protons, one of which is emitted into the backward hemisphere, and the other into the forward hemisphere, in the laboratory system is investigated. The obtained results can be considered as an evidence to that the absorption of slow pions is a possible mechanism responsible for the cumulative production of protons in the momentum range of 0.2-0.6 GeV/c

Investigation into solubility and diffusion in SiC-NbC, SiC-TiC, SiC-ZrC systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Safaraliev, G.K.; Tairov, Yu.M.; Tsvetkov, V.F.; Shabanov, Sh.Sh.

1991-01-01

An investigation is carried out which demonstrates solid-phase interaction between SiC and NbC, TiC and ZrC monocrystals. The monocrystals are subjected to hot pressing in SiC powder with dispersity of 5x10 -6 m. The pressing temperature is 2270-2570 K and pressure is varied in the range of 20-40 MPa. Element composition and the distribution profile in a thin layer near the boundary of SiC-NbC, SiC-TiC and SiC-ZrC are investigated by the Anger spectroscopy method. The obtained results permit to make the conclusion in the possibility of solid solution formation in investigated systems

Level structure of /sup 13/C around Esub(x)=20 MeV studied by polarised neutron scattering from /sup 12/C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tornow, W.; Woye, E.; Walter, R.L.

1987-02-01

Analysing-power data for elastic scattering of neutrons from /sup 12/C have been obtained at selected angles in small energy steps between incident energies of 15.55 and 17.35 MeV. The excitation energy, spin and parity of levels in /sup 13/C have been determined for excitation energies around 20 MeV via a phase-shift analysis of these data and of previously measured n-/sup 12/C total cross section data. In addition, an auxiliary phase-shift analysis has been performed in the neutron energy range from 12 to 15 MeV. All experimental data are well reproduced by the phase shifts obtained. The need for further experimental data is pointed out.

Cumulative carbon emissions budgets consistent with 1.5 °C global warming

Science.gov (United States)

Tokarska, Katarzyna B.; Gillett, Nathan P.

2018-04-01

The Paris Agreement1 commits ratifying parties to pursue efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. Carbon budgets2-5 consistent with remaining below 1.5 °C warming, reported in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)2,6,8, are directly based on Earth system model (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5)7 responses, which, on average, warm more than observations in response to historical CO2 emissions and other forcings8,9. These models indicate a median remaining budget of 55 PgC (ref. 10, base period: year 1870) left to emit from January 2016, the equivalent to approximately five years of emissions at the 2015 rate11,12. Here we calculate warming and carbon budgets relative to the decade 2006-2015, which eliminates model-observation differences in the climate-carbon response over the historical period9, and increases the median remaining carbon budget to 208 PgC (33-66% range of 130-255 PgC) from January 2016 (with mean warming of 0.89 °C for 2006-2015 relative to 1861-188013-18). There is little sensitivity to the observational data set used to infer warming that has occurred, and no significant dependence on the choice of emissions scenario. Thus, although limiting median projected global warming to below 1.5 °C is undoubtedly challenging19-21, our results indicate it is not impossible, as might be inferred from the IPCC AR5 carbon budgets2,8.

Coherent fragmentation of 12C nuclei of momentum 4.5 GeV/ c per nucleon through the 8Beg.s.+4He channel in a nuclear photoemulsion containing lead nuclei

Science.gov (United States)

Belaga, V. V.; Gerasimov, S. G.; Dronov, V. A.; Peresadko, N. G.; Pisetskaya, A. V.; Rusakova, V. V.; Fetisov, V. N.; Kharlamov, S. P.; Shesterkina, L. N.

2017-07-01

A two-particle channel in which an unbound nucleus of 8Be in the ground state (8Beg.s.) was one of the fragments was selected among events where 12C nuclei of momentum 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon undergo coherent dissociation into three alpha particles. The events in question were detected in a track nuclear photoemulsion containing lead nuclei, which was irradiated at the synchrophasotron of the Laboratory of High Energies at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna). The average transverse momentum of alpha particles produced upon the decay of 8Beg.s. nuclei was 87±6 MeV/ c, while that for "single" alpha (αs) particles was 123±15 MeV/ c. The average value of the transverse-momentum transfer in the reaction being considered, Pt(12C), was 223 ± 20 MeV/ c. The average value of the cross section for this channel involving Ag and Br target nuclei was 13 ± 4 mb, while the cross section for the reaction on the Pb nucleus was 40 ± 15 mb. The Coulomb dissociation contribution evaluated on the basis of the number of events where the momentum P t(12C) did not exceed 0.1 GeV/c saturated about 20%. In nine events, the measured total transverse energy of the fragments in the reference frame comoving with the decaying carbon nucleus did not exceed 0.45 MeV, which did not contradict the excitation of the participant 12C nucleus to the level at 7.65 MeV. The average value of the transverse momentum in those events was 234 ± 25 MeV/ c.

Apoptosis in differentiating C2C12 muscle cells selectively targets Bcl-2-deficient myotubes

Science.gov (United States)

Schoneich, Christian; Dremina, Elena; Galeva, Nadezhda; Sharov, Victor

2014-01-01

Muscle cell apoptosis accompanies normal muscle development and regeneration, as well as degenerative diseases and aging. C2C12 murine myoblast cells represent a common model to study muscle differentiation. Though it was already shown that myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells is accompanied by enhanced apoptosis in a fraction of cells, either the cell population sensitive to apoptosis or regulatory mechanisms for the apoptotic response are unclear so far. In the current study we characterize apoptotic phenotypes of different types of C2C12 cells at all stages of differentiation, and report here that myotubes of differentiated C2C12 cells with low levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression are particularly vulnerable to apoptosis even though they are displaying low levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bak and Bad. In contrast, reserve cells exhibit higher levels of Bcl-2 and high resistance to apoptosis. The transfection of proliferating myoblasts with Bcl-2 prior to differentiation did not protect against spontaneous apoptosis accompanying differentiation of C2C12 cell but led to Bcl-2 overexpression in myotubes and to significant protection from apoptotic cell loss caused by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Overall, our data advocate for a Bcl-2-dependent mechanism of apoptosis in differentiated muscle cells. However, downstream processes for spontaneous and hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis are not completely similar. Apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and myotubes is regulated not through interaction of Bcl-2 with pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bax, Bak, and Bad. PMID:24129924

Photodissociation of C3H5Br and C4H7Br at 234 nm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Hyun Kook; Paul, Dababrata; Hong, Ki Ryong; Cho, Ha Na; Kim, Tae Kyu; Lee, Kyoung Seok

2012-01-01

The photodissociation dynamics of cyclopropyl bromide (C-3H 5 Br) and cyclobutyl bromide (C 4 H 7 Br) at 234 nm was investigated. A two-dimensional photofragment ion-imaging technique coupled with a [2+1] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme was utilized to obtain speed and angular distributions of the nascent Br( 2 P 3/2 ) and Br*( 2 P 1/2 ) atoms. The recoil anisotropies for the Br and Br* channels were measured to be βBr = 0.92 ± 0.03 and βBr* = 1.52 ± 0.04 for C 3 H 5 Br and βBr = 1.10 ± 0.03 and βBr* = 1.49 ± 0.05 for C 4 H 7 Br. The relative quantum yield for Br was found to be ΦBr = 0.13 ± 0.03 and for C 3 H 5 Br and C 4 H 7 Br, respectively. The soft radical limit of the impulsive model adequately modeled the related energy partitioning. The nonadiabatic transition probability from the 3A' and 4A' potential energy surfaces was estimated and discussed

Hysteresis of thin film IPRTs in the range 100 °C to 600 °C

Science.gov (United States)

Zvizdić, D.; Šestan, D.

2013-09-01

As opposed to SPRTs, the IPRTs succumb to hysteresis when submitted to change of temperature. This uncertainty component, although acknowledged as omnipresent at many other types of sensors (pressure, electrical, magnetic, humidity, etc.) has often been disregarded in their calibration certificates' uncertainty budgets in the past, its determination being costly, time-consuming and not appreciated by customers and manufacturers. In general, hysteresis is a phenomenon that results in a difference in an item's behavior when approached from a different path. Thermal hysteresis results in a difference in resistance at a given temperature based on the thermal history to which the PRTs were exposed. The most prominent factor that contributes to the hysteresis error in an IPRT is a strain within the sensing element caused by the thermal expansion and contraction. The strains that cause hysteresis error are closely related to the strains that cause repeatability error. Therefore, it is typical that PRTs that exhibit small hysteresis also exhibit small repeatability error, and PRTs that exhibit large hysteresis have poor repeatability. Aim of this paper is to provide hysteresis characterization of a batch of IPRTs using the same type of thin-film sensor, encapsulated by same procedure and same company and to estimate to what extent the thermal hysteresis obtained by testing one single thermometer (or few thermometers) can serve as representative of other thermometers of the same type and manufacturer. This investigation should also indicate the range of hysteresis departure between IPRTs of the same type. Hysteresis was determined by cycling IPRTs temperature from 100 °C through intermediate points up to 600 °C and subsequently back to 100 °C. Within that range several typical sub-ranges are investigated: 100 °C to 400 °C, 100 °C to 500 °C, 100 °C to 600 °C, 300 °C to 500 °C and 300 °C to 600 °C . The hysteresis was determined at various temperatures by

Biogeochemical impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage at 5, 12, 25 and 60°C investigated with anoxic column experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Bonte, M.; van Breukelen, B. M.; Van Der Wielen, P. W. J. J.; Stuyfzand, P. J.

2012-04-01

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) uses groundwater to store energy for heating or cooling purposes in the built environment. ATES systems are often located in the same aquifers used for public drinking water supply, leading to urgent questions on its environmental impacts. This contribution presents the results of research on the biogeochemical impacts of ATES in anoxic column experiments at 5, 12, 25, and 60° C. In- and effluents are analyzed for major ions, trace elements, heavy metals, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV extinction. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes and analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were used to detect changes in the microbiological population and activity. Results from the column experiments at 5, 25, and 60° C compared to the reference column at 12° C showed a number of changes in biogeochemical conditions: At 5° C, only changes were observed in alkalinity and calcium concentrations, resulting from calcite dissolution. The 25° C and 60° C column effluents from a sediment containing Fe-(hydr)oxides showed an increase in arsenic concentrations, well above the drinking water limit. This is due to either (reductive) dissolution of, or desorption from, iron(hydro)xides containing arsenic. In addition, at these two temperatures sulfate reduction occurred while this was undetectable at 5 and 12° C within the given timeframe (25 days) and analytical accuracy. The carbon source for sulfate reduction is inferred to be sedimentary organic carbon. Increasing DOC with residence time in the 60° C effluent suggests that at 60° C the terminal sulfate reduction step is rate limiting, while at 25° C the enzymatic hydrolization step in sulfate reducing bacteria is overall rate limiting. Specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA, the ratio of UV extinction and DOC) however shows a clear decrease in reactivity of the humic acid fraction in DOC. This means that the DOC accumulation at 60° C could

Petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation under seasonal freeze-thaw soil temperature regimes in contaminated soils from a sub-Arctic site.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Wonjae; Klemm, Sara; Beaulieu, Chantale; Hawari, Jalal; Whyte, Lyle; Ghoshal, Subhasis

2011-02-01

Several studies have shown that biostimulation in ex situ systems such as landfarms and biopiles can facilitate remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils at sub-Arctic sites during summers when temperatures are above freezing. In this study, we examine the biodegradation of semivolatile (F2: C10-C16) and nonvolatile (F3: C16-C34) petroleum hydrocarbons and microbial respiration and population dynamics at post- and presummer temperatures ranging from -5 to 14 °C. The studies were conducted in pilot-scale tanks with soils obtained from a historically contaminated sub-Arctic site in Resolution Island (RI), Canada. In aerobic, nutrient-amended, unsaturated soils, the F2 hydrocarbons decreased by 32% during the seasonal freeze-thaw phase where soils were cooled from 2 to -5 °C at a freezing rate of -0.12 °C d(-1) and then thawed from -5 to 4 °C at a thawing rate of +0.16 °C d(-1). In the unamended (control) tank, the F2 fraction only decreased by 14% during the same period. Biodegradation of individual hydrocarbon compounds in the nutrient-amended soils was also confirmed by comparing their abundance over time to that of the conserved diesel biomarker, bicyclic sesquiterpanes (BS). During this period, microbial respiration was observed, even at subzero temperatures when unfrozen liquid water was detected during the freeze-thaw period. An increase in culturable heterotrophs and 16S rDNA copy numbers was noted during the freezing phase, and the (14)C-hexadecane mineralization in soil samples obtained from the nutrient-amended tank steadily increased. Hydrocarbon degrading bacterial populations identified as Corynebacterineae- and Alkanindiges-related strains emerged during the freezing and thawing phases, respectively, indicating there were temperature-based microbial community shifts.

Evaluation of n-{sup 12}C scattering between 7 and 26 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Z P; Tornow, W [Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0308 (United States); Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708-0308 (United States)

2005-11-01

The existing n-{sup 12}C elastic differential cross-section, analysing power and total cross-section data in the energy range from 7 to 26 MeV were analysed via a phase-shift analysis. A very good description of the uniquely large database has been achieved. The level parameters of 40 states or resonances in {sup 13}C were deduced. The values obtained for the n-{sup 12}C reaction cross section are larger than those given in the ENDF/B-VI evaluation.

Ionic liquid promoted one pot approach for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2-c][1,3,5]thiadiazin-4-ones and thiazolo[3,2-c][1,3,5]thiadiazin-4-ones in water

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.R. Siddiqui

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A novel three component one pot methodology for rapid access to pyrido[1,2-c][1,3,5]thiadiazin-4-ones and thiazolo[3,2-c][1,3,5]thiadiazin-4-ones has been developed. A task specific ionic liquid [bmIm]SCN has been used as thiocyanating reagent. The reaction provides high yields of the product and proceeds at ambient reaction conditions in water. The use of water as the reaction medium and easy recyclability of the ionic liquid used as a reagent as well as promoter of the reaction endows the reaction with green aspects.

Dicty_cDB: CHR636 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available p 8. 48 0.50 1 CO165293 |CO165293.1 FLD1_53_C12.g1_A029 Root flooded Pinus taeda cDNA clone FLD1_53_C12_A029... 5', mRNA sequence. 46 2.0 1 CO165215 |CO165215.1 FLD1_53_C12.b1_A029 Root floode

Scaling Relationships for Adsorption Energies of C2 Hydrocarbons on Transition Metal Surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, G

2011-08-18

Using density functional theory calculations we show that the adsorption energies for C{sub 2}H{sub x}-type adsorbates on transition metal surfaces scale with each other according to a simple bond order conservation model. This observation generalizes some recently recognized adsorption energy scaling laws for AH{sub x}-type adsorbates to unsaturated hydrocarbons and establishes a coherent simplified description of saturated as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons adsorbed on transition metal surfaces. A number of potential applications are discussed. We apply the model to the dehydrogenation of ethane over pure transition metal catalysts. Comparison with the corresponding full density functional theory calculations shows excellent agreement.

A bonding study of c-C5H8 adsorption on Pt(111)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simonetti, S.; Jasen, P.; Gonzalez, E.; Juan, A.; Brizuela, G.

2006-01-01

The chemisorption of cyclopentane (c-C 5 H 8 ) on Pt(111) has been studied using a qualitative band-structure calculations in the framework of tight-binding implementation with the YAeHMOP package. We modeled the metal surface by a two-dimensional slab of finite thickness with an overlayer of c-C 5 H 8 , in a (3x3) di-σ geometry. The c-C 5 H 8 molecule is attached to the surface with its C?C atoms bonded mainly with two Pt atoms while the opposite CH 2 bends towards the surface. The Pt?Pt bonds in the underlying surface and the C?C bonds of c-C 5 H 8 are weakened upon the chemisorption. A noticeable Pt-H and Pt-C interactions has been observed. We found that of Pt 5d z 2 band plays an important role in the bonding between c-C 5 H 8 and the surface, as do the Pt 6s and 6p z bands. The HOMO-LUMO bands of c-C 5 H 8 are very dispersed, indicative of a strong interaction with the metal surface

Total Synthesis of Zoanthamine Alkaloids, Part 2. Construction of the C1-C5, C6-C10 and C11-C24 Fragments of Zoanthamine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tanner, David Ackland; Tedenborg, Lars; Somfai, Peter

1997-01-01

This paper describes the construction of three key intermediates for a projected total synthesis of the marine alkaloid zoanthamine. These building blocks, corresponding to the C1-C5, C6-C10 and C11-C24 fragments of the target molecule, are synthesised efficiently form (R...

Whole-core analysis by 13C NMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vinegar, H.J.; Tutunjian, P.N.; Edelstein, W.A.; Roemer, P.B.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on a whole-core nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system that was used to obtain natural abundance 13 C spectra. The system enables rapid, nondestructive measurements of bulk volume of movable oil, aliphatic/aromatic ratio, oil viscosity, and organic vs. carbonate carbon. 13 C NMR can be used in cores where the 1 H NMR spectrum is too broad to resolve oil and water resonances separately. A 5 1/4-in. 13 C/ 1 H NMR coil was installed on a General Electric (GE) CSI-2T NMR imager/spectrometer. With a 4-in.-OD whole core, good 13 C signal/noise ratio (SNR) is obtained within minutes, while 1 H spectra are obtained in seconds. NMR measurements have been made of the 13 C and 1 H density of crude oils with a wide range of API gravities. For light- and medium-gravity oils, the 13 C and 1 H signal per unit volume is constant within about 3.5%. For heavy crudes, the 13 C and 1 H density measured by NMR is reduced by the shortening of spin-spin relaxation time. 13 C and 1 H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times were measured on a suite of Cannon viscosity standards, crude oils (4 to 60 degrees API), and alkanes (C 5 through C 16 ) with viscosities at 77 degrees F ranging from 0.5 cp to 2.5 x 10 7 cp. The 13 C and 1 H relaxation times show a similar correlation with viscosity from which oil viscosity can be estimated accurately for viscosities up to 100 cp. The 13 C surface relaxation rate for oils on water-wet rocks is very low. Nonproton decoupled 13 C NMR is shown to be insensitive to kerogen; thus, 13 C NMR measures only the movable hydrocarbon content of the cores. In carbonates, the 13 C spectrum also contains a carbonate powder pattern useful in quantifying inorganic carbon and distinguishing organic from carbonate carbon

Measurement of Fragment Production Cross Sections in the $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C and $^{12}$C+$^{197}$Au Reactions at 62 $A$ MeV for Hadrontherapy and Space Radiation Protection

CERN Document Server

Tropea, S; Agodi, C; Blancato, A A; Bondì, M; Cappuzzello, F; Carbone, D; Cavallaro, M; Cirrone, G A P; Cuttone, G; Giacoppo, F; Nicolosi, D; Pandola, L; Raciti, G; Rapisarda, E; Romano, F; Sardina, D; Scuderi, V; Sfienti, C

2014-01-01

Over the last twenty years, there has been a renewed interest in nuclear fragmentation studies for both hadrontherapy applications and space radiation protection. In both fields, fragmentation cross sections are needed to predict the effects of the ions nuclear interactions within the patient’s and the astronaut’s body. Indeed, the Monte Carlo codes used in planning tumor treatments and space missions must be tuned and validated by experimental data. However, only a limited set of fragmentation cross sections are available in literature, especially at Fermi energies. Therefore, we have studied the production of secondary fragments in the 12 C+ 12 C and 12 C+ 197 Au reactions at 62 A MeV. In this work, the measured 4 He cross sections angular distributions at four selected angles are presented and compared.

Observation of. lambda. -hypernuclei in the reaction /sup 12/C(. pi. /sup +/,K/sup +/)/sub. lambda. //sup 12/C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milner, E.C.

1985-12-01

The observation of ..lambda..-hypernuclear levels in /sub ..lambda..//sup 12/C by associated production through the (..pi../sup +/,K/sup +/) reaction is reported. Spectrometers used in the measurements are discussed. The /sub ..lambda..//sup 12/C excitation energy spectra were recorded at laboratory scattering angles of 5.6/sup 0/, 10.3/sup 0/, and 15.2/sup 0/. The spectra show two major peaks - one attributed to the ground state, and one about 11 MeV higher in excitation. The peak near 11 MeV excitation energy is believed to be almost entirely composed of a multiplet of three J/sup ..pi../ = 2/sup +/ states. Relativistic DWBA calculations imply support for the expectation that higher spin states are preferentially populated in the (..pi../sup +/,K/sup +/) reaction, compared to the (K/sup -/,..pi../sup -/) reaction in which lower spin states are excited. 29 refs., 40 figs.

Hierarchical Li_4Ti_5O_1_2/C composite for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, Ning; Song, Zhonghai; Liang, Qiu; Gao, Xuejiao; Qin, Xue

2017-01-01

Highlights: • The composite was prepared via one-pot way by utilizing glucose as carbon source. • The obtained composite consists some grain-like particles pasted on the bulk LTO sheets. • The composite possesses excellent cycle performance and high rate capacity - Abstract: Considering the charming merits and natural defects of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 (LTO), we build a hierarchical LTO/C composite through a rational hydrothermal route by utilizing the low-cost glucose as carbon source. The obtained composite consists of some grain-like secondary particles (10–15 nm) pasted on the relatively bulk LTO sheets (50–100 nm). Due to the introduction of carbon, the composite has the smaller particle size, lower polarization and superior electrical conductivity. Besides, the as-prepared sample exhibits good cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. It delivers the discharge capacity of 174.1 mAh g"−"1 at 1C and left 131.7 mAh g"−"1 even at 50C, which is apparently superior than pristine LTO. Furthermore, the discharge capacity maintains 93.4% after 500 cycles at 1C and 80.5% after 1000 cycles at 50C. Even after 3000 ultralong cycles at 5C, the value still retains 74.2% which is much higher than that of pure LTO (38.4%). The ideal proportion of carbon modified in LTO is also explored. The LTO/C-3.74 wt% composite is demonstrated to possess optimal electrochemical performance.

OXIDATIVE ALKYLATION OF (ETA-5-C5ME5)2TIR (R=CL, ME, ET, CH=CH2, PH, OME, N=C(H)TERT-BU) TO (ETA-5-C5ME5)2TI(ME)R BY GROUP-12 ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS MME2

NARCIS (Netherlands)

LUINSTRA, GA; TEUBEN, JH

1991-01-01

Oxidative alkylation of Cp*2TiX (Cp*: eta-5-C5Me5; X = OMe, Cl, N = C(H)tBu) and Cp*2TiMe by CdMe2 or ZnMe2 gives diamagnetic Cp*2Ti(Me)X and Cp*2TiMe2 respectively, and cadmium or zinc. The reactions of Cp*2TiR (R = Et, CH = CH2, Ph) with MMe2 (M = Cd, Zn) give statistical mixtures of Cp*2Ti(Me)R,

Geologic Emissions of Methane and C2 - C5 Alkanes at the La Brea Tar Pits, Los Angeles, CA

Science.gov (United States)

Doezema, L. A.; Etiope, G.; Pacheco, C.

2017-12-01

Natural hydrocarbon (oil and gas) seeps are widespread in Los Angeles due to gas migration, along faults, from numerous subsurface petroleum fields. These seeps may represent important natural contributors of methane (CH4) and heavier alkanes (C2-C4) for the atmosphere. Methane flux measurements were made from various locations at the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, CA. Measurements were made using a closed-chamber method and spectroscopic sensors for CH4 and CO2, at 26 oil-asphalt seeps and 188 other sites, without gas manifestations, homogeneously distributed throughout the park. The molecular C1 - C5 composition of gas released from seeps and soil was also analyzed using either FTIR spectroscopy or gas chromatography (GC-FID). Methane emissions from seeps varied from approximately 7 to 54,000 g m-2 day-1, while emissions from soil degassing were between 0 and 9,000 g m-2 day-1. Total emissions were estimated to be in the order of 103 kg day-1 for methane, and at least 10 and 5 kg day-1 for ethane and propane, respectively. The seeping gas exhibited high C1/(C2 + C3) ratios, likely due to molecular fractionation during gas migration from a subsurface petroleum reservoir. Evidence for biodegredation in certain samples was indicated by large i-butane to n-butane ratios. These molecular alterations can be important tracers of natural seepage and should be considered in the atmospheric modelling of the relative contribution of fossil fuel (anthropogenic fugitive emission and natural geologic sources) vs biogenic sources, on local and global scales.

Extraction of hydrocarbons from high-maturity Marcellus Shale using supercritical carbon dioxide

Science.gov (United States)

Jarboe, Palma B.; Philip A. Candela,; Wenlu Zhu,; Alan J. Kaufman,

2015-01-01

Shale is now commonly exploited as a hydrocarbon resource. Due to the high degree of geochemical and petrophysical heterogeneity both between shale reservoirs and within a single reservoir, there is a growing need to find more efficient methods of extracting petroleum compounds (crude oil, natural gas, bitumen) from potential source rocks. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was used to extract n-aliphatic hydrocarbons from ground samples of Marcellus shale. Samples were collected from vertically drilled wells in central and western Pennsylvania, USA, with total organic carbon (TOC) content ranging from 1.5 to 6.2 wt %. Extraction temperature and pressure conditions (80 °C and 21.7 MPa, respectively) were chosen to represent approximate in situ reservoir conditions at sample depth (1920−2280 m). Hydrocarbon yield was evaluated as a function of sample matrix particle size (sieve size) over the following size ranges: 1000−500 μm, 250−125 μm, and 63−25 μm. Several methods of shale characterization including Rock-Eval II pyrolysis, organic petrography, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area, and X-ray diffraction analyses were also performed to better understand potential controls on extraction yields. Despite high sample thermal maturity, results show that supercritical CO2 can liberate diesel-range (n-C11 through n-C21) n-aliphatic hydrocarbons. The total quantity of extracted, resolvable n-aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges from approximately 0.3 to 12 mg of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC. Sieve size does have an effect on extraction yield, with highest recovery from the 250−125 μm size fraction. However, the significance of this effect is limited, likely due to the low size ranges of the extracted shale particles. Additional trends in hydrocarbon yield are observed among all samples, regardless of sieve size: 1) yield increases as a function of specific surface area (r2 = 0.78); and 2) both yield and surface area increase with increasing

Evidence for concerted ring opening and C-Br bond breaking in UV-excited bromocyclopropane.

Science.gov (United States)

Pandit, Shubhrangshu; Preston, Thomas J; King, Simon J; Vallance, Claire; Orr-Ewing, Andrew J

2016-06-28

Photodissociation of gaseous bromocyclopropane via its A-band continuum has been studied at excitation wavelengths ranging from 230 nm to 267 nm. Velocity-map images of ground-state bromine atoms (Br), spin-orbit excited bromine atoms (Br(∗)), and C3H5 hydrocarbon radicals reveal the kinetic energies of these various photofragments. Both Br and Br(∗) atoms are predominantly generated via repulsive excited electronic states in a prompt photodissociation process in which the hydrocarbon co-fragment is a cyclopropyl radical. However, the images obtained at the mass of the hydrocarbon radical fragment identify a channel with total kinetic energy greater than that deduced from the Br and Br(∗) images, and with a kinetic energy distribution that exceeds the energetic limit for Br + cyclopropyl radical products. The velocity-map images of these C3H5 fragments have lower angular anisotropies than measured for Br and Br(∗), indicating molecular restructuring during dissociation. The high kinetic energy C3H5 signals are assigned to allyl radicals generated by a minor photochemical pathway which involves concerted C-Br bond dissociation and cyclopropyl ring-opening following single ultraviolet (UV)-photon absorption. Slow photofragments also contribute to the velocity map images obtained at the C3H5 radical mass, but the corresponding slow Br atoms are not observed. These features in the images are attributed to C3H5 (+) from the photodissociation of the C3H5Br(+) molecular cation following two-photon ionization of the parent compound. This assignment is confirmed by 118-nm vacuum ultraviolet ionization studies that prepare the molecular cation in its ground electronic state prior to UV photodissociation.

Search for alpha particles emitted at rest in the break-up of the 12C-α-12C molecule-like configuration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scheurer, J.N.; Bertault, D.; Caussanel, M.; Quebert, J.L.; Fouan, J.P.

1978-01-01

A yield of alpha particles emitted at rest is clearly observed in 16 O+ 12 C at several incident energies. These alpha particles are detected by two methods: i) the alpha particle is considered as a missing mass in the detection of two 12 C nuclei in coincidence; ii) the alpha particle is detected at zero degree with a velocity due to centre of mass motion. Such a yield is assigned to a linear chain formation of the type 12 C-α- 12 C and an excitation function between 40 and 65 MeV is given. The emission due to Coulomb effects is emphasized in the discussion to give the chief explanation of the coincidence results

Enhancement of Palmarumycin C12 and C13 Production by the Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 in an Aqueous-Organic Solvent System

OpenAIRE

Mou, Yan; Xu, Dan; Mao, Ziling; Dong, Xuejiao; Lin, Fengke; Wang, Ali; Lai, Daowan; Zhou, Ligang; Xie, Bingyan

2015-01-01

The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production in suspension culture of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Among the chosen solvents bot...

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 800 MeV/c K+- mesons from 12C and 40Ca

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marlow, D.R.

1981-04-01

Methods and results of an experiment to study the scattering of 800 MeV/c K +- mesons from 12 C and 40 Ca are presented. The reactions under study include: the four elastic scattering reactions 12 C(K +- ,K +- ) and 40 Ca(K +- ,K +- ), and the four inelastic scattering reactions, 12 C(K +- .K +- ') to the J/sup P/ = 2 + 4.43 MeV and J/sup P/ = 3 - states. The experimental data were obtained using the Hyper-Nuclear Spectrometer and the Low Energy Separated Beam (LESB I) at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven Laboratory (BNL). Calculations using the program PIRK, an optical potential code, are compared to the elastic data. The results of a second set of calculations, using Glauber theory are also presented. Both sets of calculations use as input: the results of partial wave analyses of kaon nucleon scattering data, and nuclear shapes as determined from the results of electron nucleus scattering experiments. The agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions is reasonable over the angular range of the data, with the exception of Glauber calculations of the K + elastic scattering. In those cases, the eikonal approximation proves to be a poor approximation. Smaller discrepancies are found in some other cases, indicating the possible need for more sophisticated calculations

Analysis on Biomechanical Characteristics of Post-operational Vertebral C5-C6 Segments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heqiang Tian

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Both anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF and artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR have obvious advantages in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. To analyze the operation results, it is absolutely necessary to study the biomechanics of the movement range of post-operational vertebral C5-C6 segments, especially the biomechanical characteristics in cervical tissues in actual movements. In this study, using the human vertebral 3D graph gained by imaging diagnosis (CT, a vertebral solid model is established by the 3D reconstruction algorithm and reverse engineering technology. After that, with cervical soft tissue structure added to the solid model and set with a joint contact mechanism, a finite element model with a complete, accurate cervical C5-C6 kinematic unit is constructed, based on relevant physiological anatomical knowledge. This model includes vertebral segments, an intervertebral disc, ligament and zygopophysis in the cervical C5-C6 kinematic unit. In the created vertebral finite element model, the model is amended, referring to ACDF and ACDR, and the load and constraint are applied to a normal group, a fusion group and a displacement group, so as to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the cervical vertebra after ACDF and ACDR. By comparing the finite element simulation results of different surgeries, this paper is intended to evaluate the functions and biomechanical behaviors of the post-operational vertebra, and explore the influence of the operation on the biomechanical stability of the cervical vertebra. This will provide theoretical guidance for implementation and optimization of ACDF and ACDR.

Complement C5a-C5aR interaction enhances MAPK signaling pathway activities to mediate renal injury in trichloroethylene sensitized BALB/c mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jia-xiang; Zha, Wan-sheng; Ye, Liang-ping; Wang, Feng; Wang, Hui; Shen, Tong; Wu, Chang-hao; Zhu, Qi-xing

2016-02-01

We have previously shown complement activation as a possible mechanism for trichloroethylene (TCE) sensitization, leading to multi-organ damage including the kidneys. In particular, excessive deposition of C5 and C5b-9-the membrane attack complex, which can generate significant tissue damage, was observed in the kidney tissue after TCE sensitization. The present study tested the hypothesis that anaphylatoxin C5a binding to its receptor C5aR mediates renal injury in TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized through skin challenge with TCE, with or without pretreatment by the C5aR antagonist W54011. Kidney histopathology and the renal functional test were performed to assess renal injury, and immunohistochemistry and fluorescent labeling were carried out to assess C5a and C5aR expressions. TCE sensitization up-regulated C5a and C5aR expressions in kidney tissue, generated inflammatory infiltration, renal tubule damage, glomerular hypercellularity and impaired renal function. Antagonist pretreatment blocked C5a binding to C5aR and attenuated TCE-induced tissue damage and renal dysfunction. TCE sensitization also caused the deposition of major pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the kidney tissue (P < 0.05); this was accompanied by increased expression of P-p38, P-ERK and P-JNK proteins (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with the C5aR antagonist attenuated the increase of expression of P-p38, P-ERK and P-JNK proteins (P < 0.05) and also consistently reduced the TCE sensitization-induced increase of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ (P < 0.05). These data identify C5a binding to C5aR, MAP kinase activation, and inflammatory cytokine release as a novel mechanism for complement-mediated renal injury by sensitization with TCE or other environmental chemicals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sulphur and oxygen sequestration of n-C 37 and n-C 38 unsaturated ketones in an immature kerogen and the release of their carbon skeletons during early stages of thermal maturation

Science.gov (United States)

Koopmans, Martin P.; Schaeffer-Reiss, Christine; de Leeuw, Jan W.; Lewan, Michael D.; Maxwell, James R.; Schaeffer, Philippe; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S.

1997-06-01

Sedimentary rock from the Gessoso-solfifera Formation (Messinian) in the Vena del Gesso Basin (northern Italy) containing immature ( Ro = 0.25%) S-rich organic matter was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis at temperatures from 160 to 330°C for 72 h to study the diagenetic fate of n-C 37 and n-C 38 di- and tri-unsaturated methyl and ethyl ketones (alkenones) biosynthesised by several prymnesiophyte algae. During early diagenesis, the alkenones are incorporated into the kerogen by both sulphur and oxygen cross-linking as indicated by chemical degradation experiments with the kerogen of the unheated sample. Heating at temperatures between 160 and 260°C, which still represents early stages of thermal maturation, produces large amounts (up to 1 mg/g TOC) of S-bound, O-bound, and both S- and O-bound n-C 37 and n-C 38 skeletons, saturated n-C 37 and n-C38 methyl, ethyl, and mid-chain ketones, C 37 and C 38 mid-chain 2,5-di- n-alkylthiophenes, C 37 and C 38 1,2-di- n-alkylbenzenes, and C 37 and C 38n-alkanes. With increasing thermal maturation, three forms of the n-C 37 and n-C 38 skeletons are relatively stable (saturated hydrocarbons, 1,2-di- n-alkylbenzenes and saturated ketones), whereas the S- and O-bound skeletons are relatively labile. These results suggest that in natural situations saturated ketones with an n-C 37 and n-C 38 skeleton can be expected as well as the corresponding hydrocarbons.

Sulphur and oxygen sequestration of n-C37 and n-C38 unsaturated ketones in an immature kerogen and the release of their carbon skeletons during early stages of thermal maturation

Science.gov (United States)

Koopmans, M.P.; Schaeffer-Reiss, C.; De Leeuw, J. W.; Lewan, M.D.; Maxwell, J.R.; Schaeffer, P.; Sinninghe, Damste J.S.

1997-01-01

Sedimentary rock from the Gessoso-solfifera Formation (Messinian) in the Vena del Gesso Basin (northern Italy) containing immature (Ro = 0.25%) S-rich organic matter was artificially matured by hydrous pyrolysis at temperatures from 160 to 330??C for 72 h to study the diagenetic fate of n-C37 and n-C38 di-and tri-unsaturated methyl and ethyl ketones (alkenones) biosynthesised by several prymnesiophyte algae. During early diagenesis, the alkenones are incorporated into the kerogen by both sulphur and oxygen cross-linking as indicated by chemical degradation experiments with the kerogen of the unheated sample. Heating at temperatures between 160 and 260??C, which still represents early stages of thermal maturation, produces large amounts (up to 1 mg/g TOC) of S-bound, O-bound, and both S-and O-bound n-C37 and n-C38 skeletons, saturated n-C37 and n-C38 methyl, ethyl, and mid-chain ketones, C37 and C38 mid-chain 2,5-di-n-alkylthiophenes, C37 and C38 1,2-di-n-alkylbenzenes, and C37 and C38 n-alkanes. With increasing thermal maturation, three forms of the n-C37 and n-C38 skeletons are relatively stable (saturated hydrocarbons, 1,2-di-n-alkylbenzenes and saturated ketones), whereas the S-and O-bound skeletons are relatively labile. These results suggest that in natural situations saturated ketones with an n-C37 and n-C38 skeleton can be expected as well as the corresponding hydrocarbons. Copyright ?? 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Effects of carbon source and carbon content on electrochemical performances of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C prepared by one-step solid-state reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu Xuebu [College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066 (China); Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 (China); Lin Ziji [China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Alcoholic Beverage Products and Processed Food, Luzhou, Sichuan 646100 (China); Yang Kerun [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 (China); Hua, Yongjian [China Aviation Lithium Battery Co. Ltd., Luoyang, Henan 471009 (China); Deng Zhenghua, E-mail: zhdeng@cioc.ac.cn [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 (China)

2011-05-30

Highlights: > A simple route to prepare the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C by one-step solid-state reaction. > Carbon source and carbon content are two important factors on the electrochemical performances of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C. > As-prepared Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C under optimized conditions shows excellent electrochemical performances. - Abstract: Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C composites were synthesized by one-step solid-state reaction method using four commonly used organic compounds or organic polymers as carbon source, i.e., polyacrylate acid (PAA), citric acid (CA), maleic acid (MA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The physical characteristics of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, particle size distribution and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry techniques. Their electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammograms, electrochemical impedance spectra, constant current charge-discharge and rate charge-discharge. These analyses indicated that the carbon source and carbon content have a great effect on the physical and electrochemical performances of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C composites. An ideal carbon source and appropriate carbon content effectively improved the electrical contact between the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} particles, which enhanced the discharge capacity and rate capability of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C composites. PAA was the best carbon source for the synthesis of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C composites. When the carbon content was 3.49 wt.% (LiOH.H{sub 2}O/PAA molar ratio of 1), as-prepared Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C showed the maximum discharge capacity. At 0.2 C, initial capacity of the optimized sample was 168.6 mAh g{sup -1} with capacity loss of 2.8% after 50 cycles. At 8 and 10 C, it showed discharge capacities of 143.5 and 132.7 mAh g{sup -1}, with capacity loss of 8.7 and 9.9% after 50 cycles

Characterizing the astrophysical S factor for 12C+12C fusion with wave-packet dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Diaz-Torres, Alexis; Wiescher, Michael

2018-05-01

A quantitative study of the astrophysically important subbarrier fusion of 12C+12C is presented. Low-energy collisions are described in the body-fixed reference frame using wave-packet dynamics within a nuclear molecular picture. A collective Hamiltonian drives the time propagation of the wave packet through the collective potential-energy landscape. The fusion imaginary potential for specific dinuclear configurations is crucial for understanding the appearance of resonances in the fusion cross section. The theoretical subbarrier fusion cross sections explain some observed resonant structures in the astrophysical S factor. These cross sections monotonically decline towards stellar energies. The structures in the data that are not explained are possibly due to cluster effects in the nuclear molecule, which need to be included in the present approach.

Investigation of interactions between poly-L-lysine-coated boron nitride nanotubes and C2C12 cells: up-take, cytocompatibility, and differentiation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G Ciofani

2010-04-01

Full Text Available G Ciofani1, L Ricotti1, S Danti2,3, S Moscato4, C Nesti2, D D’Alessandro2,4, D Dinucci5, F Chiellini5, A Pietrabissa3, M Petrini2,3, A Menciassi1,61Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy; 2CUCCS-RRMR, Center for the Clinical Use of Stem Cells – Regional Network of Regenerative Medicine, 3Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies, 4Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 5Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab, UdR INSTM, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy; 6Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, ItalyAbstract: Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs have generated considerable interest within the scientific community by virtue of their unique physical properties, which can be exploited in the biomedical field. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the interactions of poly-L-lysine-coated BNNTs with C2C12 cells, as a model of muscle cells, in terms of cytocompatibility and BNNT internalization. The latter was performed using both confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we investigated myoblast differentiation in the presence of BNNTs, evaluating the protein synthesis of differentiating cells, myotube formation, and expression of some constitutive myoblastic markers, such as MyoD and Cx43, by reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that BNNTs are highly internalized by C2C12 cells, with neither adversely affecting C2C12 myoblast viability nor significantly interfering with myotube formation.Keywords: boron nitride nanotubes, C2C12 cells, cytocompatibility, up-take, differentiation, MyoD, connexin 43

Granulocyte and monocyte CD11b expression during plasma separation is dependent on complement factor 5 (C5) - an ex vivo study with blood from a C5-deficient individual.

Science.gov (United States)

Hardersen, Randolf; Enebakk, Terje; Christiansen, Dorte; Bergseth, Grethe; Brekke, Ole-Lars; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Lappegård, Knut Tore; Hovland, Anders

2018-04-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of complement factor 5 (C5) in reactions elicited by plasma separation using blood from a C5-deficient (C5D) individual, comparing it to C5-deficient blood reconstituted with C5 (C5DR) and blood from healthy donors. Blood was circulated through an ex vivo plasma separation model. Leukocyte CD11b expression and leukocyte-platelet conjugates were measured by flow cytometry during a 30-min period. Other markers were assessed during a 240-min period. Granulocyte and monocyte CD11b expression did not increase in C5D blood during plasma separation. In C5DR samples granulocytes CD11b expression, measured by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), increased from 10481 ± 6022 (SD) to 62703 ± 4936, and monocytes CD11b expression changed from 13837 ± 7047 to 40063 ± 713. Granulocyte-platelet conjugates showed a 2.5-fold increase in the C5DR sample compared to the C5D sample. Monocyte-platelet conjugates increased independently of C5. In the C5D samples, platelet count decreased from 210 × 10 9 /L (201-219) (median and range) to 51 × 10 9 /L (50-51), and C3bc increased from 14 CAU/mL (21-7) to 198 CAU/mL (127-269), whereas TCC formation was blocked during plasma separation. In conclusion, up-regulation of granulocyte and monocyte CD11b during plasma separation was C5-dependent. The results also indicate C5 dependency in granulocyte-platelet conjugates formation. © 2018 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Elastic scattering of 12C by 28Si

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, C.M.; Maher, J.V.; Chiou, M.S.; Jordan, W.J.; Peng, J.C.; Oelert, W.; Gunn, G.D.; Snyder, F.D.

1979-01-01

12 C + 28 Si elastic scattering angular distributions have been measured at twenty-three bombarding energies over a range 19 MeV 0 in the bombarding energy range 30--40 MeV. No optical potential has been found to give a good account of all the data; the best potential is a surface transparent Woods-Saxon potential which has energy dependences for both real and imaginary well depths. Examination of potentials which give reasonably good fits to the 36 MeV data shows that, although these potentials agree on a real well depth at a reasonable ''strong absorption radius,'' they can have quite different Argand diagrams: even in the range of the most sensitive partial waves. A Regge analysis finds several equally good families of Regge parameters for the same choice of background potential, but larger angle data might allow this ambiguity to be lifted. A Breit-Wigner analysis gives results which are at least partially consistent with the resonance parameters reported by Ost et al. Coupled-channel calculations with a 20% reduction of real and imaginary optical model well depths give a good account of inelastic scattering to the 28 Si 2 + state while leaving the elastic scattering essentially unchanged from the predictions of the unmodified one-channel optical model. In the energy range of this study the grazing partial wave is found to be the same as the most important exit channel partial wave of the 24 Mg( 16 O, 12 C) 28 Si ground state transition

Development of a flat-field spectrometer with a wideband Ni/C multilayer grating in the 1–3.5 keV range

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imazono, Takashi [Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216 (Japan)

2016-07-27

To develop a flat-field spectrometer with coverage of the 1–3.5 keV range, a wideband Ni/C multilayer grating was invented. The multilayer consists of two kinds of layer structures. One is a conventional periodic multilayer of thickness D{sub 1} = 5.6 nm, Ni thickness ratio to the multilayer period γ{sub 1} = 0.5 and the number of layers N{sub 1} = 79. Both the first and last layers are Ni. The other is a C/Ni bilayer of D{sub 2} = 8.4 nm, γ{sub 2} = 0.53 and N{sub 2} = 2. The first layer is C and then Ni. The aperiodic multilayer from the topmost C/Ni bilayer was coated on a laminar-type grating having an effective grating constant of 1/2400 mm, groove depth of 2.8 nm, and duty ratio (land width/groove period) of 0.5. In a preliminary experiment, the diffraction efficiency was in excess of 0.8% in the energy range of 2.1-3.3 keV and the maximum of 5.4% at 3.1 keV at a constant angle of incidence of 88.54°, which is considerably higher than that of an Au-coated grating before deposition of the multilayer.

Atmospheric chemistry of C2F5CHO: mechanism of the C2F5C(O)O-2+HO2 reaction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk; Hurley, MD; Wallington, TJ

2003-01-01

in a yield of 76 +/- 4 The gas phase reaction of CnF2n+1C(O)O-2 with HO2 radicals offers a potential explanation for at least part of the observed environmental burden of fluorinated carboxylic acids, CnF2n+1C(O)OH. As part of this work an upper limit for the rate constant of reaction of Cl atorns with C2F5C......(O)OH at 296 K was determined; k(Cl + C2F5C(O)OH) 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V....

C5a and C5aR are elevated in joints of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients, and C5aR blockade attenuates leukocyte migration to synovial fluid

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hornum, Lars; Hansen, Anker Jon; Tornehave, Ditte

2017-01-01

synovial fluid was significantly inhibited by anti-C5aR. The data support that the C5a-C5aR axis may be driving the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovial fluid and synovium in both rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, and suggest that C5a or C5aR may be a promising treatment target in both...... a Boyden chamber. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for comparisons. C5aR+ cells were detected in most rheumatoid arthritis, in all psoriatic arthritis, but not in non-inflammatory control synovia. C5aR+ cells were primarily neutrophils and macrophages. C5aR+ macrophages were mainly found...

Actin-associated protein palladin is required for migration behavior and differentiation potential of C2C12 myoblast cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nguyen, Ngoc Uyen Nhi; Liang, Vincent Roderick; Wang, Hao-Ven, E-mail: hvwang@mail.ncku.edu.tw

2014-09-26

Highlights: • Palladin is involved in myogenesis in vitro. • Palladin knockdown by siRNA increases myoblast proliferation, viability and differentiation. • Palladin knockdown decreases C2C12 myoblast migration ability. - Abstract: The actin-associated protein palladin has been shown to be involved in differentiation processes in non-muscle tissues. However, but its function in skeletal muscle has rarely been studied. Palladin plays important roles in the regulation of diverse actin-related signaling in a number of cell types. Since intact actin-cytoskeletal remodeling is necessary for myogenesis, in the present study, we pursue to investigate the role of actin-associated palladin in skeletal muscle differentiation. Palladin in C2C12 myoblasts is knocked-down using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results show that down-regulation of palladin decreased migratory activity of mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts. Furthermore, the depletion of palladin enhances C2C12 vitality and proliferation. Of note, the loss of palladin promotes C2C12 to express the myosin heavy chain, suggesting that palladin has a role in the modulation of C2C12 differentiation. It is thus proposed that palladin is required for normal C2C12 myogenesis in vitro.

Actin-associated protein palladin is required for migration behavior and differentiation potential of C2C12 myoblast cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen, Ngoc Uyen Nhi; Liang, Vincent Roderick; Wang, Hao-Ven

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Palladin is involved in myogenesis in vitro. • Palladin knockdown by siRNA increases myoblast proliferation, viability and differentiation. • Palladin knockdown decreases C2C12 myoblast migration ability. - Abstract: The actin-associated protein palladin has been shown to be involved in differentiation processes in non-muscle tissues. However, but its function in skeletal muscle has rarely been studied. Palladin plays important roles in the regulation of diverse actin-related signaling in a number of cell types. Since intact actin-cytoskeletal remodeling is necessary for myogenesis, in the present study, we pursue to investigate the role of actin-associated palladin in skeletal muscle differentiation. Palladin in C2C12 myoblasts is knocked-down using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results show that down-regulation of palladin decreased migratory activity of mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts. Furthermore, the depletion of palladin enhances C2C12 vitality and proliferation. Of note, the loss of palladin promotes C2C12 to express the myosin heavy chain, suggesting that palladin has a role in the modulation of C2C12 differentiation. It is thus proposed that palladin is required for normal C2C12 myogenesis in vitro

Frequency–amplitude range of hydrocarbon microtremors and a discussion on their source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gerivani, H; Hafezi Moghaddas, N; Ghafoori, M; Lashkaripour, G R; Haghshenas, E

2012-01-01

Recently, some studies have suggested using ambient noise as a tool for hydrocarbon reservoir investigation. This new passive seismic technique, named HyMas, is based on the positive energy anomaly in data spectra between 1 to 6 Hz for microtremor measurements over reservoirs, which are called hydrocarbon microtremors. Despite the acceptable results obtained by the HyMas technique, there are many unknowns, especially concerning the source and generation mechanism of hydrocarbon microtremors and the relations between reservoir characteristics and the attributes of hydrocarbon microtremors. In this study we tried to find the relations between reservoir characteristics, including fluid content and depth, for 12 sites around the world with hydrocarbon microtremor attributes, including peak amplitude and frequency. Based on the power spectral density curves of these 12 reservoirs, a frequency–amplitude range is also proposed as a criterion for separating hydrocarbon microtremors from local noise not related to reservoirs. Finally, the source of the hydrocarbon microtremors is discussed and tidal displacement is suggested as a probable agent for the generation of these anomalies. (paper)

The somatic FAH C.1061C>A change counteracts the frequent FAH c.1062+5G>A mutation and permits U1snRNA-based splicing correction.

Science.gov (United States)

Scalet, Daniela; Sacchetto, Claudia; Bernardi, Francesco; Pinotti, Mirko; van de Graaf, Stan F J; Balestra, Dario

2018-05-01

In tyrosinaemia type 1(HT1), a mosaic pattern of fumarylacetoacetase (FAH) immunopositive or immunonegative nodules in liver tissue has been reported in many patients. This aspect is generally explained by a spontaneous reversion of the mutation into a normal genotype. In one HT1 patient carrying the frequent FAH c.1062+5G>A mutation, a second somatic change (c.1061C>A) has been reported in the same allele, and found in immunopositive nodules. Here, we demonstrated that the c.1062+5G>A prevents usage of the exon 12 5' splice site (ss), even when forced by an engineered U1snRNA specifically designed on the FAH 5'ss to strengthen its recognition. Noticeably the new somatic c.1061C>A change, in linkage with the c.1062+5G>A mutation, partially rescues the defective 5'ss and is associated to trace level (~5%) of correct transcripts. Interestingly, this combined genetic condition strongly favored the rescue by the engineered U1snRNA, with correct transcripts reaching up to 60%. Altogether, these findings elucidate the molecular basis of HT1 caused by the frequent FAH c.1062+5G>A mutation, and demonstrate the compensatory effect of the c.1061C>A change in promoting exon definition, thus unraveling a rare mechanism leading to FAH immune-reactive mosaicism.

Elastic scattering of 120, 145 and 172.5 MeV α-particles by 12C, 24Mg and 27Al and optical model analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiktor, S.; Mayer-Boericke, C.; Kiss, A.; Rogge, M; Turek, P.

1980-12-01

The 120,145 and 172.5 MeV α-particle beams from JULIC were used to measure differential cross sections for elastic scattering on 12 C, 24 Mg and 27 Al in the angular range from about 5deg to 70deg (c.m. system). The angular distributions were analysed extensively in terms of the optical model using a variety of potential forms. Apart from the parametrized forms of potential, as Wood-Saxon (WS) or rather (WS)sup(ν) also a model independent representation of potential spline potential was employed. The analysis based on the parametrized forms of the potential made it possible to find the best fit parameter sets, which were than examined on their uniqueness and energy dependence. Emphasis was given to gaining information on the radial shape of the potential. (author)

Electrochemical Characteristics and Li+ Ion Intercalation Kinetics of Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 Composite in Voltage Range of 0−3 V

KAUST Repository

Bhatti, Humaira S

2016-04-20

Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 and dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite were prepared by sol-gel method with average particle size of 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. Though Li2TiO3 is electrochemically inactive, the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 is comparable to Li4Ti5O12 at different current rates. Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 also shows good rate performance of 90 mA h g-1 at high rate of 10 C in voltage range of 1−3 V, attributable to increased interfaces in the composite. While Li4Ti5O12 delivers capacity retention of 88.6 % at 0.2 C over 50 cycles, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 exhibits no capacity fading at 0.2 C (40 cycles) and capacity retention of 98.45 % at 0.5 C (50 cycles). This highly stable cycling performance is attributed to the contribution of Li2TiO3 in preventing undesirable reaction of Li4Ti5O12 with the electrolyte during cycling. CV curves of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 in 0−3 V range exhibit two anodic peaks at 1.51 V and 0.7−0.0 V, indicating two modes of lithium intercalation into the lattice sites of active material. Owing to enhanced intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics in 0−3 V, composite electrode delivers superior rate performance of 203 mAh/g at 2.85 C and 140 mAh/g at 5.7 C with good reversible capacity retention over 100 cycles.