Seizures induced in immature rats by homocysteic acid and the associated brain damage are prevented by group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate.

Science.gov (United States)

Folbergrová, Jaroslava; Druga, Rastislav; Otáhal, Jakub; Haugvicová, Renata; Mares, Pavel; Kubová, Hana

2005-04-01

The present study has examined the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effect of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (2R,4R-APDC) in the model of seizures induced in immature 12-day-old rats by bilateral intracerebroventricular infusion of dl-homocysteic acid (DL-HCA, 600 nmol/side). For biochemical analyses, rat pups were sacrificed during generalized clonic-tonic seizures, approximately 45-50 min after infusion. Comparable time intervals were used for sacrificing the pups which had received 2R,4R-APDC. Low doses of 2R,4R-APDC (0.05 nmol/side) provided a pronounced anticonvulsant effect which was abolished by pretreatment with a selective group II mGluR antagonist LY341495. Generalized clonic-tonic seizures were completely suppressed and cortical energy metabolite changes which normally accompany these seizures were either normalized (decrease of glucose and glycogen) or markedly reduced (an accumulation of lactate). EEG recordings support the marked anticonvulsant effect of 2R,4R-APDC, nevertheless, this was only partial. In spite of the absence of obvious motor phenomena, isolated spikes or even short periods of partial ictal activity could be observed. Isolated spikes could also be seen in some animals after application of 2R,4R-APDC alone, reflecting most likely subclinical proconvulsant activity of this agonist. The neuroprotective effect of 2R,4R-APDC was evaluated after 24 h and 6 days of survival following DL-HCA-induced seizures. Massive neuronal degeneration, as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B staining, was observed in a number of brain regions following infusion of DL-HCA alone (seizure group), whereas 2R,4R-APDC pretreatment provided substantial neuroprotection. The present findings support the possibility that group II mGluRs are a promising target for a novel approach to treating epilepsy.

The two ∇6R4 type invariants and their higher order generalisation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bossard, Guillaume; Verschinin, Valentin

2015-01-01

We show that there are two distinct classes of ∇ 6 R 4 type supersymmetry invariants in maximal supergravity. The second class includes a coupling in F 2 ∇ 4 R 4 that generalises to 1/8 BPS protected F 2k ∇ 4 R 4 couplings. We work out the supersymmetry constraints on the corresponding threshold functions, and argue that the functions in the second class satisfy to homogeneous differential equations for arbitrary k≥1, such that the corresponding exact threshold functions in type II string theory should be proportional to Eisenstein series, which we identify. This analysis explains in particular that the exact ∇ 6 R 4 threshold function is the sum of an Eisenstein function and a solution to an inhomogeneous Poisson equation in string theory.

Absorption and transport of deuterium-substituted 2R,4'R,8'R-alpha-tocopherol in human lipoproteins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Traber, M.G.; Ingold, K.U.; Burton, G.W.; Kayden, H.J.

1988-01-01

Oral administration of a single dose of tri- or hexadeuterium substituted 2R,4'R,8'R-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (d3- or d6-alpha-T-Ac) to humans was used to follow the absorption and transport of vitamin E in plasma lipoproteins. Three hr after oral administration of d3-alpha-T-Ac (15 mg) to 2 subjects, plasma levels of d3-alpha-T were detectable; these increased up to 10 hr, reached a plateau at 24 hr, then decreased. Following administration of d6-alpha-T-Ac (15-16 mg) to 2 subjects, the percentage of deuterated tocopherol relative to the total tocopherol in chylomicrons increased more rapidly than the corresponding percentage in whole plasma. Chylomicrons and plasma lipoproteins were isolated from 2 additional subjects following administration of d3-alpha-T-Ac (140 or 60 mg). The percentage of deuterated tocopherol relative to the total tocopherol increased most rapidly in chylomicrons, then in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), followed by essentially identical increases in low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) and lastly, in the red blood cells. This pattern of appearance of deuterated tocopherol is consistent with the concept that newly absorbed vitamin E is secreted by the intestine into chylomicrons; subsequently, chylomicron remnants are taken up by the liver from which the vitamin E is secreted in VLDL. The metabolism of VLDL in the circulation results in the simultaneous delivery of vitamin E into LDL and HDL

Initial mass function in R-associations CMaR1, Mon R1 and Mon R2 from radiodata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pyatunina, T.B.

1985-01-01

Results of search for compact radiosources in R-associations CMa R1 and Mon R1 carried out with the radiotelescope RATAN-600 at the 7.6-cm wavelength are given. The number of sources found in the association Mon R1 is approximately equal to the expected number of background extragalactic radiosources. In the association CMa R1 seven radiosources of small angular diameter with the flux greater than 30 mJy are found, two of which probably are background sources. A comparison of optical and radiodata on the association CMa R1 and previously published data on the association Mon R2 make it possible to estimate the initial mass function for associations under study: xi(M) infinity Msup(-2.7+-0.7) for stars with M approximately 10Msub(Sun)

Group IB Organometallic Chemistry XIX.Synthesis and characterization of mixed-organocopper cluster compounds R4R'2Cu6 containing aryl and acetylide ligands.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koten, G. van; Hoedt, R.W.M. ten; Noltes, J.G.

1977-01-01

Mixed-organocopper cluster compounds Ar4Cu6(CCR)2 (Ar = 2-Me2NC6H4, R = phenyl, 4-tolyl, 2,4-xylyl or mesityl) have been prepared in high yield by the ligand-substitution reaction of Ar4Cu6Br2 with two equivalents of LiCCR. Ar4Cu6(CCC6H4CH3-4)2 has also been prepared via the aryl¡ªarylacetylide

The Odorant ( R)-Citronellal Attenuates Caffeine Bitterness by Inhibiting the Bitter Receptors TAS2R43 and TAS2R46.

Science.gov (United States)

Suess, Barbara; Brockhoff, Anne; Meyerhof, Wolfgang; Hofmann, Thomas

2018-03-14

Sensory studies showed the volatile fraction of lemon grass and its main constituent, the odor-active citronellal, to significantly decrease the perceived bitterness of a black tea infusion as well as caffeine solutions. Seven citronellal-related derivatives were synthesized and shown to inhibit the perceived bitterness of caffeine in a structure-dependent manner. The aldehyde function at carbon 1, the ( R)-configuration of the methyl-branched carbon 3, and a hydrophobic carbon chain were found to favor the bitter inhibitory activity of citronellal; for example, even low concentrations of 25 ppm were observed to reduce bitterness perception of caffeine solution (6 mmol/L) by 32%, whereas ( R)-citronellic acid (100 pm) showed a reduction of only 21% and ( R)-citronellol (100 pm) was completely inactive. Cell-based functional experiments, conducted with the human bitter taste receptors TAS2R7, TAS2R10, TAS2R14, TAS2R43, and TAS2R46 reported to be sensitive to caffeine, revealed ( R)-citronellal to completely block caffeine-induced calcium signals in TAS2R43-expressing cells, and, to a lesser extent, in TAS2R46-expressing cells. Stimulation of TAS2R43-expressing cells with structurally different bitter agonists identified ( R)-citronellal as a general allosteric inhibitor of TAS2R43. Further structure/activity studies indicated 3-methyl-branched aliphatic aldehydes with a carbon chain of ≥4 C atoms as best TAS2R43 antagonists. Whereas odor-taste interactions have been mainly interpreted in the literature to be caused by a central neuronal integration of odors and tastes, rather than by peripheral events at the level of reception, the findings of this study open up a new dimension regarding the interaction of the two chemical senses.

Synthesis, physical-chemical properties of 2-((4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioacetohydrazides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. A. Suhak

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Aim. Analysis of the scientific literature over the past decade has shown that large synthetic possibilities towards creating new and effective drug substances have heterocyclic compounds, in particular the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole. 1,2,4-Triazole is a structural fragment of many synthetic drugs. The special interest cause ylidene hydrazides of 2-(5-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioacetic acids as potential biologically active compounds, among which highly effective medicines can be found. With the aim of finding new biologically active compounds the derivatives of 2-((4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioaceticohydrazides have been synthesized, their physical-chemical properties have been studied with the use of modern methods, namely elemental analysis, IR,1H-NMR spectroscopy, and their individuality by HPLC-MS. Materials and methods. N'-R1-еden-2-((4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioaceticohydrazides were received by adding aromatic (2-BrC6H4, 2,3-(OCH32C6H3, 3,5-(OCH32C6H3, 4-N(CH32C6H4, 3,4-F2C6H3, 2-NO2C6H4,4-NO2C6H4, 4-OHC6H4, 2-OHC6H4, 4-FC6H4, 2-CI-6-FC6H3 or heterocyclic (2-SC4H3, 5-NO2-2-C4H2O aldehyde to an equivalent amount of the appropriate 2-((4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioaceticohydrazide in the acetic acid medium. The study of physical-chemical properties of obtained compounds was carried out according to the methods outlined in SPU. Chromato-mass-spectral studies were performed on hazarding chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with mass spectrometer Agilent 6120 with ionization in electro-spray (ESI. Conclusion. This suggests the possibility for further study of biological action of the synthesized compounds. As a result of studies the N'-R1-eden-2-((4-R-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioaceticohydrazides have been synthesized and their physical-chemical properties have been studied.

Rational design and enantioselective synthesis of (1R,4S,5R,6S)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid - a novel inhibitor at human glutamate transporter subtypes 1, 2, and 3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bunch, Lennart; Nielsen, Birgitte; Jensen, Anders A.

2006-01-01

The natural product kainic acid is used as template for the rational design of a novel conformationally restricted (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) analogue, (1R,4S,5R,6S)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (1a). The target structure 1a was synthesized from commercially available (S)-pyroglut......The natural product kainic acid is used as template for the rational design of a novel conformationally restricted (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) analogue, (1R,4S,5R,6S)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (1a). The target structure 1a was synthesized from commercially available (S...

Radio evidence for the initial stellar mass function in the R associations CMa R1, Mon R1, Mon R2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pyatunina, T.B.

1985-01-01

The R associations CMa R1 and Mon R1 have been searched for compact 7.6-cm sources with the RATAN-600 radio telescope. The Mon R1 region shows only about the expected number of background radio galaxies; in CMa R1 seven sources of small angular size with S> or =30 mJy have been found, two of them probably background objects. Comparison with optical data for CMa R1, together with previous RATAN-600 data for Mon R2, yields an initial mass function xi(M)proportionalM/sup -2.7plus-or-minus0.7/ for the rather massive (Mroughly-equal10 M/sub sun/) stars in these associations

Investigation of chemical bond characteristics, thermal expansion coefficients and bulk moduli of alpha-R2MoO6 and R2Mo2O7 (R = rare earths) by using a dielectric chemical bond method.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Huaiyong; Zhang, Siyuan; Zhou, Shihong; Cao, Xueqiang

2009-09-01

Theoretical researches are performed on the alpha-R2MoO6 (R = Y, Gd, Tb Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) and pyrochlore-type R2Mo2O7 (R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy) rare earth molybdates by using chemical bond theory of dielectric description. The chemical bonding characteristics and their relationship with thermal expansion property and compressibility are explored. The calculated values of linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) and bulk modulus agree well with the available experimental values. The calculations reveal that the LTECs and the bulk moduli do have linear relationship with the ionic radii of the lanthanides: the LTEC decreases from 6.80 to 6.62 10(-6)/K and the bulk modulus increases from 141 to 154 GPa when R goes in the order Gd, Tb Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb in the alpha-R2MoO6 series; while in the R2Mo2O7 series, the LTEC ranges from 6.80 to 6.61 10(-6)/K and the bulk modulus ranges from 147 to 163 GPa when R varies in the order Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy. Copyright 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hinder för utomhusundervisning med fokus på årskurs 4-6

OpenAIRE

Petersson, Essi; Carstensen, Linnea

2018-01-01

I den här studien har vi tagit fram de hinder som begränsar möjligheterna för utomhusundervisning för elever i grundskolan, med fokus på årskurs 4-6 och middle school. Syftet med studien var att synliggöra vilka hinder som kan stå i vägen för utomhusundervisning samt visa på behov av vidare forskning i området. Forskningsfrågan som vi har försökt svara på är: Vad utgör hinder för utomhusundervisning med elever i grundskolan, med fokus på årskurs 4-6 och middle school? Studien bygger på den pr...

Posttreatment with group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate is only weakly effective on seizures in immature rats

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Folbergrová, Jaroslava; Druga, Rastislav; Tsenov, Grygoriy; Haugvicová, Renata; Otáhal, Jakub

2009-01-01

Roč. 1273, - (2009), s. 144-154 ISSN 0006-8993 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA309/05/2015; GA ČR GA309/08/0292; GA ČR(CZ) GA304/07/1137 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50110509; CEZ:AV0Z50200510 Keywords : DL-homocysteic acid-induced seizures * posttreatment with 2R * 4R-APDC * partial protection Subject RIV: FH - Neuro logy Impact factor: 2.463, year: 2009

A new human IgG avidity test, using mixtures of recombinant antigens (rROP1, rSAG2, rGRA6), for the diagnosis of difficult-to-identify phases of toxoplasmosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Drapała, Dorota; Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna; Kur, Józef; Ferra, Bartłomiej; Hiszczyńska-Sawicka, Elżbieta; Lautenbach, Dariusz

2014-07-01

The preliminary diagnostic utility of two mixtures of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (rROP1+rSAG2 and rROP1+rGRA6) in IgG ELISA and IgG avidity test has been evaluated. A total of 173 serum samples from patients with toxoplasmosis and seronegative people were examined. The sensitivity of IgG ELISA for rROP1+rSAG2 and rROP1+rGRA6 was 91.1% and 76.7%, respectively, while the reactivity for sera from patients where acute toxoplasmosis was suspected was higher, at 100% and 95.4%, respectively, than for people with chronic infection, at 88.2% and 70.6%. In this study a different trend in avidity maturation of IgG antibodies for two mixtures of proteins in comparison with native antigen was observed. The results suggest that a new IgG avidity test using the mixtures of recombinant antigens may be useful for the diagnosis of difficult-to-identify phases of toxoplasmosis. For this reason, selected mixtures after the additional tests on groups of sera with well-defined dates of infection could be used as a better alternative to the native antigens of the parasite in the serodiagnosis of human T. gondii infection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Antiausterity activity of arctigenin enantiomers: importance of (2R,3R)-absolute configuration.

Science.gov (United States)

Awale, Suresh; Kato, Mamoru; Dibwe, Dya Fita; Li, Feng; Miyoshi, Chika; Esumi, Hiroyasu; Kadota, Shigetoshi; Tezuka, Yasuhiro

2014-01-01

From a MeOH extract of powdered roots of Wikstroemia indica, six dibenzyl-gamma-butyrolactone-type lignans with (2S,3S)-absolute configuration [(+)-arctigenin (1), (+)-matairesinol (2), (+)-trachelogenin (3), (+)-nortrachelogenin (4), (+)-hinokinin (5), and (+)-kusunokinin (6)] were isolated, whereas three dibenzyl-gamma-butyrolactone-type lignans with (2R,3R)-absolute configuration [(-)-arctigenin (1*), (-)-matairesinol (2*), (-)-trachelogenin (3*)] were isolated from Trachelospermum asiaticum. The in vitro preferential cytotoxic activity of the nine compounds was evaluated against human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM), but none of the six lignans (1-6) with (2S,3S)-absolute configuration showed preferential cytotoxicity. On the other hand, three lignans (1*-3*) with (2R,3R)-absolute configuration exhibited preferential cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner with PC50 values of 0.54, 6.82, and 5.85 microM, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of (-)- and (+)-arctigenin was evaluated against the activation of Akt, which is a key process in the tolerance to nutrition starvation. Interestingly, only (-)-arctigenin (1*) strongly suppressed the activation of Akt. These results indicate that the (2R,3R)-absolute configuration of (-)-enantiomers should be required for the preferential cytotoxicity through the inhibition of Akt activation.

4-bit digital to analog converter using R-2R ladder and binary weighted resistors

Science.gov (United States)

Diosanto, J.; Batac, M. L.; Pereda, K. J.; Caldo, R.

2017-06-01

The use of a 4-bit digital-to-analog converter using two methods; Binary Weighted Resistors and R-2R Ladder is designed and presented in this paper. The main components that were used in constructing both circuits were different resistor values, operational amplifier (LM741) and single pole double throw switches. Both circuits were designed using MULTISIM software to be able to test the circuit for its ideal application and FRITZING software for the layout designing and fabrication to the printed circuit board. The implementation of both systems in an actual circuit benefits in determining and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each. It was realized that the binary weighted circuit is more efficient DAC, having lower percentage error of 0.267% compared to R-2R ladder circuit which has a minimum of percentage error of 4.16%.

Synthesis of carbon-14 labelled cis-malonato [(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (SKI 2053R)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae-Kee; Kim, Youngseok; Rim, Jonggill; Kim, Ganghyeok; Gam, Jongsik; Song, Sungkun; Yoo, Kwanghee; Kim, Key H.

1994-01-01

The synthesis of 14 C-labelled cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolan e]platinum(II) from [1,4- 14 C] D-tartaric acid is described. The overall radiochemical yield of the product in a eight-step sequence was 23.8% and radiochemical purity was 98.5%. (author)

R{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) and RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd): Crystal structures with nets of Ir atoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yarema, Maksym [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya Str, 6, UA-79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf (Switzerland); Zaremba, Oksana; Gladyshevskii, Roman [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya Str, 6, UA-79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Hlukhyy, Viktor, E-mail: viktor.hlukhyy@lrz.tu-muenchen.de [Department Chemie, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching (Germany); Faessler, Thomas F. [Department Chemie, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching (Germany)

2012-12-15

The crystal structures of the new ternary compounds Sm{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} and LaIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} were determined and refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They belong to the Ho{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} (oP52, Pmmn) and CeCo{sub 3}B{sub 2} (hP5, P6/mmm) structure types, respectively. The formation of isotypic compounds R{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} with R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} with R=Ce, Pr, Nd, was established by powder X-ray diffraction. The RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd) compounds exist only in as-cast samples and decompose during annealing at 800 Degree-Sign C with the formation of R{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9}. The structure of Sm{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} contains intersecting, slightly puckered nets of Ir atoms (4{sup 4})(4{sup 3}.6){sub 2}(4.6{sup 2}){sub 2} and (4{sup 4}){sub 2}(4{sup 3}.6){sub 4}(4.6{sup 2}){sub 2} that are perpendicular to [0 1 1] as well as to [0 -1 1] and [0 0 1]. The Ir atoms are surrounded by Ge atoms that form tetrahedra or square pyramids (where the layers intersect). The Sm and additional Ir atoms (in trigonal-planar coordination) are situated in channels along [1 0 0] (short translation vector). In the structure of LaIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} the Ir atoms form planar Kagome nets (3.6.3.6) perpendicular to [0 0 1]. These nets alternate along the short translation vector with layers of La and Ge atoms. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structures contain the nets of Ir atoms as main structural motif: R{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} contains intersecting slightly puckered nets of Ir atoms, whereas in the structure of RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} the Ir atoms form planar Kagome nets. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Ir-rich ternary germanides R{sub 4}Ir{sub 13}Ge{sub 9} (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) and RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd) have been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The RIr{sub 3}Ge{sub 2} compounds exist only in as-cast samples and decompose during annealing at 800

SOX6 and PDCD4 enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis through LPS-induced miR-499 inhibition.

Science.gov (United States)

Jia, Zhuqing; Wang, Jiaji; Shi, Qiong; Liu, Siyu; Wang, Weiping; Tian, Yuyao; Lu, Qin; Chen, Ping; Ma, Kangtao; Zhou, Chunyan

2016-02-01

Sepsis-induced cardiac apoptosis is one of the major pathogenic factors in myocardial dysfunction. As it enhances numerous proinflammatory factors, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered the principal mediator in this pathological process. However, the detailed mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, we attempted to explore the mechanisms involved in LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We found that LPS stimulation inhibited microRNA (miR)-499 expression and thereby upregulated the expression of SOX6 and PDCD4 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We demonstrate that SOX6 and PDCD4 are target genes of miR-499, and they enhance LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the BCL-2 family pathway. The apoptosis process enhanced by overexpression of SOX6 or PDCD4, was rescued by the cardiac-abundant miR-499. Overexpression of miR-499 protected the cardiomyocytes against LPS-induced apoptosis. In brief, our results demonstrate the existence of a miR-499-SOX6/PDCD4-BCL-2 family pathway in cardiomyocytes in response to LPS stimulation.

Hydrologic Tests at Characterization Wells R-9i, R-13, R-19, R-22, and R-31, Revision 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S.G.McLin; W.J. Stone

2004-06-01

geologic contact between the Puye fanglomerate and unassigned pumiceous units. The specific capacity analysis of a 12 minute pumping test indicates that the Puye fanglomerates near the R-13 screen have a T of 5269 ft{sup 2}/day and correspond to a hydraulic conductivity (K) of 17.6 ft/day based on a saturated thickness of 300 ft. Characterization well R-19 is located east of firing site IJ in Technical Area (TA) 36 on the mesa between Three-mile and Potrillo Canyons. It was completed at a depth of 1885 ft bgs in April 2000. This well was constructed with two screens positioned above the regional water table and five screens positioned below the regional water table. Only the bottom two screens were tested. Screen 6 is completed at about 1727-1734 ft bgs in Puye fanglomerate, and screen 7 is completed at about 1832-1849 ft bgs in Puye fanglomerate. Specific capacity analysis of the screen 6 data suggests that T is about 6923 ft{sup 2}/day and corresponds to a K of 18.6 ft/day based on a saturated thickness of 373 ft. Specific capacity analysis of the screen 7 data suggests that T is about 8179 ft{sup 2}/day and corresponds to a K of 22.0 ft/day based on a saturated thickness of 373 ft. Characterization well R-22 is located on Mesita del Buey between Canada del Buey and Pajarito Canyons immediately east of Material Disposal Area (MDA) G in TA-54. It was completed at a depth of 1489 ft bgs in October 2000. This well was constructed with five screens positioned at or below the regional water table; however, only screens 2-5 were tested. Screen 1 is completed at the regional water table at about 872-914 ft bgs in Cerros del Rio basalt. Screen 2 is completed at about 947-989 ft bgs in Cerros del Rio basalt. Screen 3 is completed at about 1272-1279 ft bgs in Puye fanglomerate. Screen 4 is completed at about 1378-1452 ft bgs in older basalt. Screen 5 is completed at about 1447-1452 ft bgs in older fanglomerate. Bouwer-Rice analyses of the injection-test recovery data suggest K

MiR-495 and miR-218 regulate the expression of the Onecut transcription factors HNF-6 and OC-2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simion, Alexandru; Laudadio, Ilaria; Prevot, Pierre-Paul; Raynaud, Peggy; Lemaigre, Frederic P. [Universite catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 75 Avenue Hippocrate 7529, B-1200 Brussels (Belgium); Jacquemin, Patrick, E-mail: patrick.jacquemin@uclouvain.be [Universite catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 75 Avenue Hippocrate 7529, B-1200 Brussels (Belgium)

2010-01-01

MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression mainly by binding to the 3'UTR of their target mRNAs. Recent data revealed that microRNAs have an important role in pancreas and liver development and physiology. Using cloning and microarray profiling approaches, we show that a unique repertoire of microRNAs is expressed at the onset of liver and pancreas organogenesis, and in pancreas and liver at key stages of cell fate determination. Among the microRNAs that are expressed at these stages, miR-495 and miR-218 were predicted to, respectively, target the Onecut (OC) transcription factors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-6 (HNF-6/OC-1) and OC-2, two important regulators of liver and pancreas development. MiR-495 and miR-218 are dynamically expressed in developing liver and pancreas, and by transient transfection, we show that they target HNF-6 and OC-2 3'UTRs. Moreover, when overexpressed in cultured cells, miR-495 and miR-218 decrease the endogenous levels of HNF-6 and OC-2 mRNA. These results indicate that the expression of regulators of liver and pancreas development is modulated by microRNAs. They also suggest a developmental role for miR-495 and miR-218.

MiR-495 and miR-218 regulate the expression of the Onecut transcription factors HNF-6 and OC-2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simion, Alexandru; Laudadio, Ilaria; Prevot, Pierre-Paul; Raynaud, Peggy; Lemaigre, Frederic P.; Jacquemin, Patrick

2010-01-01

MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression mainly by binding to the 3'UTR of their target mRNAs. Recent data revealed that microRNAs have an important role in pancreas and liver development and physiology. Using cloning and microarray profiling approaches, we show that a unique repertoire of microRNAs is expressed at the onset of liver and pancreas organogenesis, and in pancreas and liver at key stages of cell fate determination. Among the microRNAs that are expressed at these stages, miR-495 and miR-218 were predicted to, respectively, target the Onecut (OC) transcription factors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-6 (HNF-6/OC-1) and OC-2, two important regulators of liver and pancreas development. MiR-495 and miR-218 are dynamically expressed in developing liver and pancreas, and by transient transfection, we show that they target HNF-6 and OC-2 3'UTRs. Moreover, when overexpressed in cultured cells, miR-495 and miR-218 decrease the endogenous levels of HNF-6 and OC-2 mRNA. These results indicate that the expression of regulators of liver and pancreas development is modulated by microRNAs. They also suggest a developmental role for miR-495 and miR-218.

Chemistry of the oxophosphinidene ligand. 2. Reactivity of the anionic complexes [MCp{P(O)R*}(CO)(2)](-) (M = Mo, W; R* = 2,4,6-C(6)H(2)(t)Bu(3)) toward electrophiles based on elements different from carbon.

Science.gov (United States)

Alonso, María; Alvarez, M Angeles; García, M Esther; Ruiz, Miguel A; Hamidov, Hayrullo; Jeffery, John C

2010-12-20

The anionic oxophosphinidene complexes (H-DBU)[MCp{P(O)R*}(CO)(2)] (M = Mo, W; R* = 2,4,6-C(6)H(2)(t)Bu(3); Cp = η(5)-C(5)H(5), DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene) displayed multisite reactivity when faced with different electrophilic reagents. The reactions with the group 14 organochloride compounds ER(4-x)Cl(x) (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) led to either phosphide-like, oxophosphinidene-bridged derivatives [MCp{P(OE')R*}(CO)(2)] (E' = SiMe(3), SiPh(3), GePh(3), GeMe(2)Cl) or to terminal oxophosphinidene complexes [MCp{P(O)R*}(CO)(2)(E')] (E' = SnPh(3), SnPh(2)Cl, PbPh(3); Mo-Pb = 2.8845(4) Å for the MoPb compound). A particular situation was found in the reaction with SnMe(3)Cl, this giving a product existing in both tautomeric forms, with the phosphide-like complex [MCp{P(OSnMe(3))R*}(CO)(2)] prevailing at room temperature and the tautomer [MCp{P(O)R*}(CO)(2)(SnMe(3))] being the unique species present below 203 K in dichloromethane solution. The title anions also showed a multisite behavior when reacting with transition-metal based electrophiles. Thus, the reactions with the complexes [M'Cp(2)Cl(2)] (M' = Ti, Zr) gave phosphide-like derivatives [MCp{P(OM')R*}(CO)(2)] (M = Mo, M' = TiCp(2)Cl, ZrCp(2)Cl; M = W, M' = ZrCp(2)Cl), displaying a bridging κ(1),κ(1)-P,O- oxophosphinidene ligand connecting MCp(CO)(2) and M'Cp(2)Cl metal fragments (W-P = 2.233(1) Å, O-Zr = 2.016(4) Å for the WZr compound]. In contrast, the reactions with the complex [AuCl{P(p-tol)(3)}] gave the metal-metal bonded derivatives trans-[MCp{P(O)R*}(CO)(2){AuP(p-tol)(3)}] (M = Mo, W; Mo-Au = 2.7071(7) Å). From all the above results it was concluded that the terminal oxophosphinidene complexes are preferentially formed under conditions of orbital control, while charge-controlled reactions tend to give derivatives with the electrophilic fragment bound to the oxygen atom of the oxophosphinidene ligand (phosphide-like, oxophosphinidene-bridged derivatives).

Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridin-1-ium (2R,3R)-3-carb-oxy-2,3-di-hydroxy-propano-ate monohydrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Jovita, J V; Sathya, S; Usha, G; Vasanthi, R; Ramanand, A

2014-09-01

The title mol-ecular salt, C6H9N2 (+)·C4H5O6 (-)·H2O, crystallized with two 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridin-1-ium cations, two l-(+)-tartaric acid monoanions [systematic name: (2R,3R)-3-carb-oxy-2,3-di-hydroxy-propano-ate] and two water mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol-ecules are linked via a number of O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and a C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a three-dimensional structure.

The two ∇{sup 6}R{sup 4} type invariants and their higher order generalisation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bossard, Guillaume; Verschinin, Valentin [Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,91128 Palaiseau cedex (France)

2015-07-29

We show that there are two distinct classes of ∇{sup 6}R{sup 4} type supersymmetry invariants in maximal supergravity. The second class includes a coupling in F{sup 2}∇{sup 4}R{sup 4} that generalises to 1/8 BPS protected F{sup 2k}∇{sup 4}R{sup 4} couplings. We work out the supersymmetry constraints on the corresponding threshold functions, and argue that the functions in the second class satisfy to homogeneous differential equations for arbitrary k≥1, such that the corresponding exact threshold functions in type II string theory should be proportional to Eisenstein series, which we identify. This analysis explains in particular that the exact ∇{sup 6}R{sup 4} threshold function is the sum of an Eisenstein function and a solution to an inhomogeneous Poisson equation in string theory.

NEW DERIVATIVES OF 2-R1-N-(5-R-1,3,4-THIADIAZOL-2-YL-BENZOLSULFONAMIDES: SYNTHESIS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY PREDICTION

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Sych I.V.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The analysis of modern literature, including overseas one, showed that a lot of the scientific researches is devoted to finding and creating biologically active compounds on base 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole are the large group of heterocyclic compounds with high rates of antimicrobial, antituberculosis, antidiabetic, antineoplastic and anticonvulsant activity. Material and methods: The purpose of this study was the expansion of sulfone derivatives substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems through the synthesis of 2-R1-N (5-R-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ilbenzolsulfonamides and prediction their pharmacological activity for future planning pharmacological screening. Synthesis of semi-products 2-amino-5-R-1,3,4-thiadiazoles was carried out by cyclization thiosemicarbazide and substituted derivatives of carboxylic acids in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The synthesis of target compounds 2-R1-N(5-R-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylbenzolsulfon-amides was carried out by N-acylation of 2-amino-5R-1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted benzolsul-fochlorides in the presence of anhydrous pyridine. The reaction proceeds by the classic SN2-mechanism. The resulting compounds are white crystalline substances, soluble in alcohol, chloroform and acetone, difficult to dissolve in water. Yields of obtained compounds was satisfactory (76-84%. The purity of the obtained compounds was determined by TLC. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved by elemental analysis, IR methods and 1H NMR spectroscopy. NMR 1H spectra were recorded at Bruker WM spectrometer (200 MHz; solvent DMSO-d6; chemical shifts were in ppm, internal standard (TMS (tetramethylsilane was used. The prognosis of biological activity for obtained compounds were carried out using the program PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances in order to plan the further pharmacological screening. The program PASS predicts more than 500 kinds of biological

Synthesis of (R)-5-(Di[2,3-3H2]propylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one-([3H]U-86170) and (R)-5-([2,3-3H2]propylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo(4,5,1-ij) quinolin-2(1H)-one ([3H]U-91356)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moon, M.W.; Hsi, R.S.P.

1992-01-01

(R)-5-(diallylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (12b) was prepared in 9% overall yield from 3-aminoquinoline. Reaction of 12b in ethyl acetate with tritium gas in presence of a 5% platinum on carbon catalyst afforded a mixture of (R)-5-(di[2,3- 3 H 2 ]propylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]-quinolin-2(1H)-one ([ 3 H]U-86170, 69 Ci/mmol) and (R)-5-([2,3- 3 H 2 ]-propylamino)5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one ( [ 3 H]U-91356, 34 Ci/mmol) which was separated by preparative reverse-phase chromatography. U-86170 and U-91356 are potent dopamine D2 agonists. The labelled compounds are useful for drug disposition studies. [ 3 H]U-86170 is also useful as a dopamine D2 agonist radioligand for receptor binding studies. (author)

Spin reorientation phenomena in (R{sub 1-x}R`{sub x}){sub 2}Co{sub 14}B (R = La, R` = Dy and Ho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Myojin, T. [Takamatsu Nat. Coll. of Technol. (Japan); Ohno, T. [Tokushima Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Mizuno, K. [Tokushima Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Tsujimura, A. [Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima Bunri Univ., Kagawa Shido (Japan); Kojima, K. [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences

1997-07-01

The variations of magnetization with temperature in (La{sub 1-x}R`{sub x}){sub 2}Co{sub 14}B (R` = Dy and Ho) have been measured to determine spin reorientation temperature T{sub SR} of these compounds. The phase diagrams of spin arrangement thus obtained indicate monotonous increase in T{sub SR} with R` concentration x. Also, T{sub SR}`s of R{sub 2}Co{sub 14}B(R = Tb, Dy and Ho) are found to vary linearly with the Stevens factor {alpha} of R. (orig.). 4 refs.

Synthesis, physical and chemical properties, antihypoxic activity of some 5-[((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthiomethyl]-N-R1-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amines and 5-[((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthiomethyl]-4-R1-4H-1,2,4-t

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V. M. Odyntsova

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Today, an increase of natural and technogenic situations leads to the disorders of the central nervous system, functional-metabolic processes, vascular diseases, in particular, acute cerebral blood flow disorders. In addition, the changes occurring on the molecular and cellular levels are in the basis of the functional violations of individual systems and the organism as a whole. Hypoxia not only complicates the disease course, but in most cases, determines its outcome. The important role in the fight against hypoxia belongs to antioxidants, which improve the circulating oxygen utilization by the body, reduce its need for the organs and tissues, which is not only expedient but necessary for the treatment of many acute and chronic pathological processes. So, the frequency of the hypoxic states and a wide range of factors causing them determine the relevance of new ways and methods finding to overcome the oxygen deficiency. The aim of this work is the purposeful search of some 5-[((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthiomethyl]-N-R1-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amines and 5-[((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthiomethyl]-4-R1-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, the study of their physical and chemical properties and pharmacological screening of the antihypoxic activity of the obtained compounds. Materials and methods. The study of physical and chemical properties was conducted on certified and licensed modern equipment. Antihypoxic activity was studied during the modeling process of hypoxia with hypercapnia. Mexidol was used as a comparison drug in studies at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Results. As the result of the study, it was found that the synthesized compounds and the comparison drug influenced on rats’ life span differently. Compounds, the antihypoxic activity of which exceeded control have been discovered, and others’ were at the level of Mexidol. A number of compounds showed a somewhat less activity in comparison with control, and two

Formation of closo-rhodacarboranes with the η2,η3-(CH2=CHC5H6) ligand in the reaction of μ-dichloro-bis[(η4-norbornadiene)rhodium] with nido-dicarbaundecaborates [K][nido-7-R1-8-R2-7,8-C2B9H10

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Safronov, A.V.; Sokolova, M.N.; Vorontsov, E.V.; Petrovskij, P.V.; Barakovskaya, I.G.; Chizhevskij, I.T.

2004-01-01

New closo-(η 2 ,η 3 -(4-vinylcyclopentene-3-yl)rhodacarboranes were prepared by reaction of the complex [(η 4 -C 7 H 8 )RhCl] 2 (C 7 H 8 -norbornadiene) with salts of substituted nido-dicarbaundecaborates [K][nido-7-R 1 -8-R 2 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 ] (R 1 =R 2 =H (a); R = R 2 =Me (b); R 1 , R 2 =1',2'-(CH 2 ) 2 C 6 H 4 (c); R 1 =Me, R 2 =Ph (d) in CH 2 Cl 2 . The structure of the compounds prepared in solution was studied by the method of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. A probable mechanism of the norbornadiene ligand regrouping was suggested [ru

New lanthanide(III) complexes of chiral nonadendate macrocyclic amine derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paluch, Marta [Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw (Poland); Lisowski, Jerzy [Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw (Poland)], E-mail: jurekl@wchuwr.chem.uni.wroc.pl

2008-02-28

The series of complexes [LnH{sub 4}L(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}](NO{sub 3}){sub 2}.nH{sub 2}O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm) of the positively charged protonated form of a chiral macrocyclic amine H{sub 4}L{sup +}, derived from the 3 + 3 condensation product of (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol, have been synthesized. The series of complexes Na{sub x}[LnL](X){sub y}(OH){sub x-y}.n(solv) (X = NO{sup 3-} or Cl{sup -}, and Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) of the deprotonated anionic form of the ligand, L{sup 3-}, have also been synthesised. The complexes have been characterised by elemental analyses, {sup 1}H NMR and ESI MS spectra. The X-ray crystal structures of the [LaH{sub 4}L(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}](NO{sub 3}){sub 2}.5CH{sub 3}OH and [GdH{sub 4}L(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}](NO{sub 3}){sub 2}.5CH{sub 3}OH complexes have been determined. The two complexes are isostructural, and the protonated macrocycle acts as pentadentate ligand. The Ln(III) ion is bound to three phenolate oxygen atoms and two amine nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ligand and its coordination sphere is completed by the two axial bidendate nitrate anions.

Insight into a conformation of the PNA-PNA duplex with (2‧R,4‧R)- and (2‧R,4‧S)-prolyl-(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid backbones

Science.gov (United States)

Maitarad, Amphawan; Poomsuk, Nattawee; Vilaivan, Chotima; Vilaivan, Tirayut; Siriwong, Khatcharin

2018-04-01

Suitable conformations for peptide nucleic acid (PNA) self-hybrids with (2‧R,4‧R)- and (2‧R,4‧S)-prolyl-(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid backbones (namely, acpcPNA and epi-acpcPNA, respectively) were investigated based on molecular dynamics simulations. The results revealed that hybridization of the acpcPNA was observed only in the parallel direction, with a conformation close to the P-type structure. In contrast, self-hybrids of the epi-acpcPNA were formed in the antiparallel and parallel directions; the antiparallel duplex adopted the B-form conformation, and the parallel duplex was between B- and P-forms. The calculated binding energies and the experimental data indicate that the antiparallel epi-acpcPNA self-hybrid was more stable than the parallel duplex.

Adaptation to experimental jet-lag in R6/2 mice despite circadian dysrhythmia.

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Nigel I Wood

Full Text Available The R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD shows a disintegration of circadian rhythms that can be delayed by pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. Since the molecular machinery underlying the circadian clocks is intact, albeit progressively dysfunctional, we wondered if light phase shifts could modulate the deterioration in daily rhythms in R6/2 mice. Mice were subjected to four x 4 hour advances in light onset. R6/2 mice adapted to phase advances, although angles of entrainment increased with age. A second cohort was subjected to a jet-lag paradigm (6 hour delay or advance in light onset, then reversal after 2 weeks. R6/2 mice adapted to the original shift, but could not adjust accurately to the reversal. Interestingly, phase shifts ameliorated the circadian rhythm breakdown seen in R6/2 mice under normal LD conditions. Our previous finding that the circadian period (tau of 16 week old R6/2 mice shortens to approximately 23 hours may explain how they adapt to phase advances and maintain regular circadian rhythms. We tested this using a 23 hour period light/dark cycle. R6/2 mice entrained to this cycle, but onsets of activity continued to advance, and circadian rhythms still disintegrated. Therefore, the beneficial effects of phase-shifting are not due solely to the light cycle being closer to the tau of the mice. Our data show that R6/2 mice can adapt to changes in the LD schedule, even beyond the age when their circadian rhythms would normally disintegrate. Nevertheless, they show abnormal responses to changes in light cycles. These might be caused by a shortened tau, impaired photic re-synchronization, impaired light detection and/or reduced masking by evening light. If similar abnormalities are present in HD patients, they may suffer exaggerated jet-lag. Since the underlying molecular clock mechanism remains intact, light may be a useful treatment for circadian dysfunction in HD.

Altered dopamine and serotonin metabolism in motorically asymptomatic R6/2 mice.

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Fanny Mochel

Full Text Available The pattern of cerebral dopamine (DA abnormalities in Huntington disease (HD is complex, as reflected by the variable clinical benefit of both DA antagonists and agonists in treating HD symptoms. In addition, little is known about serotonin metabolism despite the early occurrence of anxiety and depression in HD. Post-mortem enzymatic changes are likely to interfere with the in vivo profile of biogenic amines. Hence, in order to reliably characterize the regional and chronological profile of brain neurotransmitters in a HD mouse model, we used a microwave fixation system that preserves in vivo concentrations of dopaminergic and serotoninergic amines. DA was decreased in the striatum of R6/2 mice at 8 and 12 weeks of age while DA metabolites, 3-methoxytyramine and homovanillic acid, were already significantly reduced in 4-week-old motorically asymptomatic R6/2 mice. In the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex of 4, 8 and 12-week-old R6/2 mice, serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly decreased in association with a decreased turnover of serotonin. In addition, automated high-resolution behavioural analyses displayed stress-like behaviours such as jumping and grooming and altered spatial learning in R6/2 mice at age 4 and 6 weeks respectively. Therefore, we describe the earliest alterations of DA and serotonin metabolism in a HD murine model. Our findings likely underpin the neuropsychological symptoms at time of disease onset in HD.

6. Investigation of R2M17 compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elemans, J.B.A.A.; Buschow, K.H.J.

1975-01-01

A discussion is presented of the different crystallographic forms that arise in the parent RM 5 (R rare earth including yttrium or thorium; M = Fe, Co or Ni) with CaCu 5 structure in which every third R is replaced by a pair of M. This results in the stoichiometric composition R 2 M 17 . Metallographic studies of well annealed and quenched specimens of CeFesub(x), HoFesub(x) and TmFesub(x) with x varying from 8 to 9.5 showed that only those with x = 8.5 consisted of one phase. Similar experiments with ThNisub(x) and YNisub(x), x varying from 6.5 to 8.5 revealed that in these cases, single phases were obtained with x = 7.5

4R-Cembranoid Improves Outcomes after 6-Hydroxydopamine Challenge in Both In vitro and In vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease

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Jing Hu

2017-05-01

Full Text Available (1S, 2E, 4R, 6R,-7E, 11E-2, 7, 11-cembratriene-4, 6-diol (4R is one of the cembranoids found in tobacco leaves. Previous studies have found that 4R protected acute rat hippocampal slices against neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA and against the toxic organophosphorus compounds paraoxon and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP. Furthermore, in vivo, 4R reduced the infarct size in a rodent ischemic stroke model and neurodegeneration caused by DFP. The present study expanded our previous study by focusing on the effect of 4R in Parkinson's disease (PD and elucidating its underlying mechanisms using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA-induced injury models. We found that 4R exhibited significant neuroprotective activity in the rat unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD model in vivo. The therapeutic effect was evident both at morphological and behavioral levels. 4R (6 and 12 mg/kg treatments significantly improved outcomes of 6-OHDA-induced PD in vivo as indicated by reducing forelimb asymmetry scores and corner test scores 4 weeks after injection of 6-OHDA (p < 0.05. The therapeutic effect of 4R was also reflected by decreased depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN on the side injected with 6-OHDA. TH expression was 70.3 and 62.8% of the contralateral side in striatum and SN, respectively, after 6 mg/kg 4R treatment; furthermore, it was 80.1 and 79.3% after treatment with 12 mg/kg of 4R. In the control group, it was 51.9 and 23.6% of the contralateral striatum and SN (p < 0.05. Moreover, 4R also protected differentiated neuro-2a cells from 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. The activation of p-AKT and HAX-1, and inhibition of caspase-3 and endothelial inflammation, were involved in 4R-mediated protection against 6-OHDA-induced injury. In conclusion, the present study indicates that 4R shows a therapeutic effect in the rat 6-OHDA-induced PD model in vivo and in 6-OHDA-challenged neuro-2a cells in vitro.

R6 assessment of IPIRG-2 programme experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharples, J.K.; France, C.C.; Budden, P.J.

1999-01-01

The International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) Programme was an international group programme managed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) and was aimed at developing a better understanding of the fracture behaviour of pressurised nuclear plant piping The second stage IPIRG experiments (IPIRG-2) included the development of data for the verification of fracture analyses for cracked pipes and fittings subjected to dynamic and/or cyclic load histories. This paper describes the results of work undertaken on analysing selected IPIRG-2 experiments using the UK R6 fracture assessment methodology. The level of conservatism of the R6 methodology is presented by comparing predicted applied bending moments at initiation and instability with the experimentally determined values. (author)

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of (R,R)-methoxyfenoterol in rat.

Science.gov (United States)

Siluk, D; Mager, D E; Kim, H S; Wang, Y; Furimsky, A M; Ta, A; Iyer, L V; Green, C E; Wainer, I W

2010-03-01

(R,R)-fenoterol (Fen), a beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, is under clinical investigation in the treatment of congestive heart disease. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the 4-methoxyphenyl derivative of (R,R)-Fen, (R,R)-MFen, have been determined following intravenous and oral administration to the rat and compared with corresponding results obtained with (R,R)-Fen. Results from the study suggest that (R,R)-MFen can offer pharmacokinetic and metabolic advantages in comparison to an earlier (R,R)-Fen. The oral administration revealed that the net exposure of (R,R)-MFen was about three-fold higher than that of (R,R)-Fen (7.2 versus 2.3 min x nmol ml(-1)), while intravenous administration proved that the clearance was significantly reduced, 48 versus 146 ml min(-1) kg(-1), the T(1/2) was significantly longer, 152.9 versus 108.9 min, and the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly increased, 300 versus 119 min x nmol ml(-1). (R,R)-MFen was primarily cleared by glucuronidation associated with significant presystemic glucuronidation of the compound. After intravenous and oral administration of (R,R)-MFen, (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G were detected in the urine samples indicating that (R,R)-MFen was O-demethylated and subsequently conjugated to (R,R)-Fen-G. The total (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G as a percentage of the dose after intravenous administration was 3.6%, while after oral administration was 0.3%, indicating that only a small fraction of the drug escaped presystemic glucuronidation and was available for O-demethylation. The glucuronidation pattern was confirmed by the results from in vitro studies where incubation of (R,R)-MFen with rat hepatocytes produced (R,R)-MFen-G, (R,R)-Fen and (R,R)-Fen-G, while incubation with rat intestinal microsomes only resulted in the formation of (R,R)-MFen-G.

Liquid viscosity of low-GWP refrigerant mixtures (R32 + R1234yf) and (R125 + R1234yf)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dang, Yagu; Kamiaka, Takumi; Dang, Chaobin; Hihara, Eiji

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We measured liquid viscosity of low GWP refrigerant R1234yf binary mixtures. • Viscosity of R1234yf mixtures were correlated with the roughness hard-sphere method. • Viscosity of R1234yf mixtures were correlated with the Grunberg and Nissan method. - Abstract: In this work, the viscosity of R1234yf, (R32 + R1234yf), and (R125 + R1234yf) in one-phase liquid was measured. The combined expanded uncertainty of viscosity measurement apparatus of confidence of 0.95 (k = 2) is about 2.0%. The measurements of mixtures containing (30.0, 50.0, and 70.0) wt% R32 or R125 were carried out between T = (283.0 and 323.0) K (at intervals of T = 5 K) and P = (1.58 and 2.74) MPa, with a moving piston viscometer (VISCOpro 1600, accuracy ±1.0%) and a Coriolis flowmeter (Ultramass MKII, accuracy ±0.001 g/ml). The measured data were correlated with a hard-sphere (RSH) method and the Grunberg and Nissan method. The average absolute deviations are (2.2 and 3.3)% for the (R32 + R1234yf) and (R125 + R1234yf) mixtures by RSH method, (2.8 and 1.3)% for the (R32 + R1234yf) and (R125 + R1234yf) mixtures by Grunberg and Nissan method, while (3.5 and 2.4)% for the (R32 + R1234yf) and (R125 + R1234yf) mixtures by RefProp V9.1, respectively

76 FR 18960 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-06

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively... July 20, 2005; have been performed in service. (2) Airbus Model A300 B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, and F4... C4-600R, and A300 F4-600R series airplanes (fitted with a trim tank), all serial numbers, except...

Developments in UK defect assessment procedures R6 revision 4 and BS7910

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharples, J.K.; Ainsworth, R.A.; Budden, P.J.

2003-01-01

The R6 defect assessment procedures have been developed over many years by the UK nuclear power generation industry. The procedures are updated on a regular basis, taking into account the information resulting from the R6 development programme and other available information worldwide. A major revision, Revision 4, of the R6 procedures was released in 2000. Just prior to that release, in 1999, the British Standards flaw assessment procedure BS7910 was issued and combined and updated the previous published documents PD6493 and PD6539, for components operating at temperatures where creep was negligible and important, respectively. BS79l0 is also under constant development. This paper provides a brief overview of the BS7910 and R6 Revision 4 procedures and describes updates to the respective documents since they were first issued. Some ongoing developments which will lead to future revisions to the documents are also described. (author)

Gastric cancer: the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF 2) and its receptors (IGF 1R and M6-P/IGF 2R).

Science.gov (United States)

Pavelić, Kresimir; Kolak, Toni; Kapitanović, Sanja; Radosević, Senka; Spaventi, Sime; Kruslin, Bozo; Pavelić, Jasminka

2003-11-01

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF 2) appears to be involved in the progression of many tumours. It binds to at least two different types of receptor: IGF type 1 (IGF 1R) and mannose 6-phosphate/IGF type 2 (M6-P/IGF 2R). Ligand binding to IGF 1R provokes mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects. M6-P/IGF 2R has a tumour suppressor function--it mediates IGF 2 degradation. Mutation of M6-P/IGF 2R causes both diminished growth suppression and augmented growth stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IGF 2 and its receptors (IGF 1R and IGF 2R) in human gastric cancer. The expression of IGF 2 and its receptors was measured in order to analyse the possible correlation between the activity of these genes and cell proliferation in two different gastric tumour types: diffuse and intestinal. The effect of IGF 1 receptor blockage on cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth was also examined. Increased expression of IGF 2 and IGF 1R genes (at the mRNA and protein level) was found in gastric cancer when compared with non-tumour tissue. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between IGF 2 expression in the more aggressive diffuse type and that in the intestinal type of gastric cancer. Moreover, the IGF 2 peptide level in the culture media obtained from the diffuse type of cancer cells was significantly higher when compared with the intestinal type. The level of IGF 2 peptide in the conditioned media strongly correlated with [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation. On the contrary, IGF 2R mRNA expression was much higher in the intestinal type of cancer than in the diffuse type. In addition, IGF 2R protein expression was substantially lower with progression of the diffuse cancer type to a higher stage. The alphaIR3 monoclonal antibody strongly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation and decreased the number of colonies in soft agar of cells overexpressing IGF 2. These findings suggest that members of the IGF family are involved

Syntheses of 24R,25-dihydroxy-[6,19,19-3H]vitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxy-[6,19,19-2H]vitamin D3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, S.; Shimizu, M.; Fukushima, K.; Niimura, K.; Maeda, Y.

1989-01-01

24R,25-Dihydroxy-[6,19,19-3H]vitamin D3 with a specific activity of 54 Ci/mmol and 24R,25-dihydroxy-[6,19,19-2H]vitamin D3 with 2.6 deuterium atoms/mol were synthesized in four steps starting from 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 via its sulfur dioxide adduct

Isothermal (vapour + liquid) equilibrium for the binary {l_brace}1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134) + propane (R290){r_brace} and {l_brace}1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134) + isobutane (R600a){r_brace} systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong Xueqiang [Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Gong Maoqiong, E-mail: gongmq@mail.ipc.ac.c [Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China); Liu Junsheng [Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Wu Jianfeng, E-mail: jfwu@mail.ipc.ac.c [Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2711, Beijing 100190 (China)

2010-09-15

(Vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary systems of {l_brace}1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134) + propane (R290){r_brace} and {l_brace}1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134) + isobutane (R600a){r_brace} were measured with a recirculation method at the temperatures ranging from (263.15 to 278.15) K and (268.15 to 288.15) K, respectively. All of the data were correlated by the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS) with the Huron-Vidal (HV) mixing rules utilizing the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. Good agreement can be found between the experimental data and the correlated results. Azeotropic behaviour can be found at the measured temperature ranges for these two mixtures.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (MU-5-C5ME5)2TI(R)CL (R = ME, ET, NORMAL-PR, CH=CH2, PH, O-NORMAL-PR) AND THEIR SALT METATHESIS REACTIONS - THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION PATHWAYS OF (MU-5-C5ME5)2TI(ME)R' (R' = ET, CH=CH2, PH, CH2PH)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

LUINSTRA, GA; TEUBEN, JH

Complexes Cp*2Ti(R)Cl (Cp* = eta-5-C5Me5; R = Me (1), Et (2), n-Pr (3), CH=CH2 (4), Ph (5), O-n-Pr (6)) have been prepared by oxidation Of CP*2TiR with lead dichloride. Not every compound Cp*2Ti(R)Cl was accessible and for R = CH2CMe3 and CH2Ph reduction to Cp*2TiCl and R. was observed. Homolysis of

Biotransformation of (-)-(1R,4S)-Menthone and (+)-(1S,4R)-Menthone by the Common Cutworm Spodoptera litura Larvae.

Science.gov (United States)

Marumoto, Shinsuke; Okuno, Yoshiharu; Hagiwara, Yuki; Miyazawa, Mitsuo

2017-08-01

Using biotransformation as a biocatalytic process has the advantage of being able to proceed under mild conditions and with high regio- and enantioselectivity. This study investigated the biotransformation of (-)-(1R,4S)-menthone (1) and (+)-(1S,4R)-menthone (2) by Spodoptera litura larvae. Compound 1 was converted to (-)-(1R,4S)-7-hydroxymenthone (1-1), (+)-(1R,3S,4S)-7-hydroxyneomenthol (1-2) and (-)-(1R,4S,8R)-p-menth-3-one-9-oic acid (1-3). The metabolism of substrate 2 generated three enantiomers of the above metabolites, designated as 2-1 to 2-3, respectively. The C-9 position of (-)-menthone and (+)-menthone was oxidized to carboxylic acid by S. litura, which is a metabolic pathway not observed in any other example of biocatalysis.

miR-371, miR-138, miR-544, miR-145, and miR-214 could modulate Th1/Th2 balance in asthma through the combinatorial regulation of Runx3.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Yu-Ying; Zhang, Ying-Wei; Qian, Xiu-Fen; Bian, Tao

2017-01-01

Asthma is tightly related to the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells, and Runx3 plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of T helper cells. The present study aimed to investigate dysregulated microRNAs that may target Runx3 in CD4 + T cells from asthmatic patients and reveal Runx3 function in Th1/Th2 balance regulation. We detected the levels of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines by ELISA and analyzed the differentiation marker gene of T helper cells by qRT-PCR. Results indicated that an imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells was present in our asthmatic subject. Runx3 expression was reduced in the CD4 + T cells from asthmatic patients. Overexpression of Runx3 could restore the Th1/Th2 balance. After performing microRNA microarray assay, we found a series of microRNAs that were considerably altered in the CD4 + T cells from asthmatic patients. Among these upregulated microRNAs, eight microRNAs that may target Runx3 were selected by bioinformatics prediction. Five microRNAs, namely miR-371, miR-138, miR-544, miR-145, and miR-214, were confirmed by qRT-PCR and selected as candidate microRNAs. Luciferase reporter assay showed that these five microRNAs could directly target the 3'-UTR of Runx3. However, only simultaneous inhibition of these five microRNAs could alter the expression of Runx3. Most importantly, only simultaneous inhibition could improve the Th1/Th2 balance. Thus, we suggest that miR-371, miR-138, miR-544, miR-145, and miR-214 can modulate the Th1/Th2 balance in asthma by regulating Runx3 in a combinatorial manner.

miR-181b functions as an oncomiR in colorectal cancer by targeting PDCD4

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanqing Liu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4 is a RNA-binding protein that acts as a tumor suppressor in many cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC. During CRC carcinogenesis, PDCD4 protein levels remarkably decrease, but the underlying molecular mechanism for decreased PDCD4 expression is not fully understood. In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNAs that potentially target PDCD4. We demonstrated miR-181b as a direct regulator of PDCD4. We further showed that activation of IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway increased miR-181b expression and consequently resulted in downregulation of PDCD4 in CRC cells. In addition, we investigated the biological effects of PDCD4 inhibition by miR-181b both in vitro and in vivo and found that miR-181b could promote cell proliferation and migration and suppress apoptosis in CRC cells and accelerate tumor growth in xenograft mice, potentially through targeting PDCD4. Taken together, this study highlights an oncomiR role for miR-181b in regulating PDCD4 in CRC and suggests that miR-181b may be a novel molecular therapeutic target for CRC.

A TeGM6-4r antigen-based immunochromatographic test (ICT) for animal trypanosomosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Thu-Thuy; Ruttayaporn, Ngasaman; Goto, Yasuyuki; Kawazu, Shin-ichiro; Sakurai, Tatsuya; Inoue, Noboru

2015-11-01

Animal trypanosomosis is a disease that is distributed worldwide which results in huge economic losses due to reduced animal productivity. Endemic regions are often located in the countryside where laboratory diagnosis is costly or inaccessible. The establishment of simple, effective, and accurate field tests is therefore of great interest to the farming and veterinary sectors. Our study aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive immunochromatographic test (ICT) for animal trypanosomosis utilizing the recombinant tandem repeat antigen TeGM6-4r, which is conserved amongst salivarian trypanosome species. In the specificity analysis, TeGM6-4r/ICT detected all of Trypanosoma evansi-positive controls from experimentally infected water buffaloes. As expected, uninfected controls tested negative. All sera samples collected from Tanzanian and Ugandan cattle that were Trypanosoma congolense- and/or Trypanosoma vivax-positive by microscopic examination of the buffy coat were found to be positive by the newly developed TeGM6-4r/ICT, which was comparable to results from TeGM6-4r/ELISA (kappa coefficient [κ] = 0.78). TeGM6/ICT also showed substantial agreement with ELISA using Trypanosoma brucei brucei (κ = 0.64) and T. congolense (κ = 0.72) crude antigen, suggesting the high potential of TeGM6-4r/ICT as a field diagnostic test, both for research purposes and on-site diagnosis of animal trypanosomosis.

Functional characterisation of homomeric ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR6 in a fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strange, Mette; Bräuner-Osborne, Hans; Jensen, Anders A.

2006-01-01

We have constructed stable HEK293 cell lines expressing the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes GluR1(i), GluR2Q(i), GluR3(i), GluR4(i), GluR5Q and GluR6Q and characterised the pharmacological profiles of the six homomeric receptors in a fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay...... assay reported to date. We propose that high throughput screening of compound libraries at the six GluR-HEK293 cell lines could be helpful in the search for structurally and pharmacologically novel ligands acting at the receptors....

Co-crystal of (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediol with (R,R)-tartaric acid, a key structure in resolution of the ({+-})-trans-diol by supercritical extraction, and the related ternary phase system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thorey, Paul [Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest (Hungary); Bombicz, Petra [Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1525 Budapest (Hungary); Szilagyi, Imre Miklos [Material Structure and Modeling Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest (Hungary); Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest (Hungary); Molnar, Peter; Bansaghi, Gyoergy; Szekely, Edit; Simandi, Bela [Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest (Hungary); Parkanyi, Laszlo [Institute of Structural Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1525 Budapest (Hungary); Pokol, Gyoergy [Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest (Hungary); Madarasz, Janos, E-mail: madarasz@mail.bme.hu [Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest (Hungary)

2010-01-10

A novel co-crystal of trans-(R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediol and (R,R)-tartaric acid (with 1:1 molar ratio, 1) has been found to be a key crystalline compound in the improved resolution of ({+-})-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol by supercritical fluid extraction. The molecular and crystal structure of this co-crystal, which crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system (space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, a = 6.7033(13) A, b = 7.2643(16), c = 24.863(5), Z = 4), has been solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction (R = 0.064). The packing arrangement consists of two dimensional layers of sandwich-like sheets, where the inner part is constructed by double layers of tartaric acids which hydrophilicity is 'covered' on both upper and bottom side by cyclohexanediols with the hydrophobic cyclohexane rings pointing outward. Thus, a rather complex hydrogen bonding pattern is constructed. The relatively high melting point (133 {sup o}C) observed by both simultaneous TG/DTA and DSC, and the main features of FTIR-spectrum of 1 are explained by the increased stability of this crystal structure. DSC studies on binary mixtures of co-crystal 1 with (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediol or (R,R)-tartaric acid, revealed eutectic temperatures of T{sub eu} = 100 or 131 {sup o}C, respectively. Between (S,S)-1,2-cyclohexanediol and (R,R)-tartaric acid a eutectic temperature of T{sub eu} = 85 {sup o}C have also been observed. The phase relations have been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, as well.

Synthesis, NMR spectral and antimicrobial studies of some [N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ylidine]-5‧-methylthiazolidine-4-ones

Science.gov (United States)

Prakash, S. M.; Pandiarajan, K.; Kumar, S.

2013-06-01

Four new [N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diaryl-4-ylidine]-5'-methylthiozolidin-4-ones 9-12 have been synthesized by the condensation of N-methyl-3t-alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one thiosemicarbazones with ethyl 2-bromopropionate. These compounds have been characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral techniques. HOMOCOSY, HSQC and HMBC spectral study have been done for [N-methyl-3,3-dimethyl-2r,6c-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-ylidine]-5'-methylthiazolidine-4-one (12). Two geometrical isomers are formed in this reaction. In all these compounds piperidin rings adopt chair conformation. The rotation of the aryl group at C-2 is rather slow in 10-12. Antimicrobial activities have also been studied for 9-12. These compounds are active against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains.

miR-139 is up-regulated in osteoarthritis and inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and migration possibly via suppressing EIF4G2 and IGF1R

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Weihua; Zhang, Weikai; Li, Feng; Guo, Fengjing; Chen, Anmin, E-mail: chenanmin6072@126.com

2016-05-27

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most progressive articular cartilage erosions. microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in OA modulation, but the role of miR-139 in OA remains elusive. This study aims to reveal the effects and possible mechanism of miR-139 in OA and chondrocytes. The levels of miR-139 and its possible targets eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) were detected by qRT-PCR in the articular cartilages of 20 OA patients and 20 non-OA patients. Human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells were transfected with miR-139 mimic or inhibitor, as well as the siRNAs of EIF4G2 and IGF1R. Cell viability by MTT assay, proliferation by colony formation assay and migration by Transwell assay were performed. Results showed that miR-139 was up-regulated, while EIF4G2 and IGF1R mRNAs down-regulated in OA cartilages (P < 0.001), and negative correlations existed between the level of miR-139 and EIF4G2 or IGF1R. Overexpression of miR-139 in CHON-001 cells suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of EIF4G2 and IGF1R, and inhibited cell viability, colony formation number and cell migration, while miR-139 inhibitor induced the opposite effects. Knockdown of EIF4G2 or IGF1R in CHON-001 cells reversed the effects of miR-139 inhibitor on cell viability, colony formation and cell migration. These results indicate that miR-139 is capable of inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and migration, thus being a possible therapeutic target for OA. The mechanism of miR-139 in chondrocytes may be related to its regulation on EIF4G2 and IGF1R.

Analytical computation of thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression refrigeration system with R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vali Shaik Sharmas

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The present work focuses on analytical computation of thermodynamic performance of actual vapour compression refrigeration system by using six pure refrigerants. The refrigerants are namely R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270 respectively. A MATLAB code is developed to compute the thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression system such as refrigeration effect, compressor work, COP, power per ton of refrigeration, compressor discharge temperature and volumetric refrigeration capacity at condensing and evaporating temperatures of 54.4oC and 7.2oC respectively. Analytical results exhibited that COP of both R32 and R134a are 15.95% and 11.71% higher among the six investigated refrigerants. However R32 and R134a cannot be replaced directly into R22 system. This is due to their higher compressor discharge temperature and poor volumetric capacity respectively. The discharge temperature of both R1270 and R290 are lower than R22 by 20-26oC. Volumetric refrigeration capacity of R1270 (3197 kJ/m3 is very close to that of volumetric capacity of R22 (3251 kJ/m3. Both R1270 and R290 shows good miscibility with R22 mineral oil. Overall R1270 would be a suitable ecofriendly refrigerant to replace R22 from the stand point of ODP, GWP, volumetric capacity, discharge temperature and miscibility with mineral oil although its COP is lower.

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of (R,R)-Methoxyfenoterol in Rat

OpenAIRE

Siluk, Danuta; Mager, Donald E.; Kim, Hee Seung; Wang, Yan; Furimsky, Anna M.; Ta, Amy; Iyer, Lalitha V.; Green, Carol E.; Wainer, Irving W.

2010-01-01

(R,R)-Fenoterol (Fen), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is under clinical investigation in the treatment of congestive heart disease. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the 4-methoxyphenyl derivative of (R,R)-Fen, (R,R)-MFen, have been determined following intravenous and oral administration to the rat and compared with corresponding results obtained with (R,R)-Fen. Results of the study suggest that (R,R)-MFen can offer pharmacokinetic and metabolic advantages in comparison to an earlier (R,R)-...

Building a SuAVE browse interface to R2R's Linked Data

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, D.; Stocks, K. I.; Arko, R. A.; Zaslavsky, I.; Whitenack, T.

2017-12-01

The Rolling Deck to Repository program (R2R) is creating and evaluating a new browse portal based on the SuAVE platform and the R2R linked data graph. R2R manages the underway sensor data collected by the fleet of US academic research vessels, and provides a discovery and access point to those data at its website, www.rvdata.us. R2R has a database-driven search interface, but seeks a more capable and extensible browse interface that could be built off of the substantial R2R linked data resources. R2R's Linked Data graph organizes its data holdings around key concepts (e.g. cruise, vessel, device type, operator, award, organization, publication), anchored by persistent identifiers where feasible. The "Survey Analysis via Visual Exploration" or SuAVE platform (suave.sdsc.edu) is a system for online publication, sharing, and analysis of images and metadata. It has been implemented as an interface to diverse data collections, but has not been driven off of linked data in the past. SuAVE supports several features of interest to R2R, including faceted searching, collaborative annotations, efficient subsetting, Google maps-like navigation over an image gallery, and several types of data analysis. Our initial SuAVE-based implementation was through a CSV export from the R2R PostGIS-enabled PostgreSQL database. This served to demonstrate the utility of SuAVE but was static and required reloading as R2R data holdings grew. We are now working to implement a SPARQL-based ("RDF Query Language") service that directly leverages the R2R Linked Data graph and offers the ability to subset and/or customize output.We will show examples of SuAVE faceted searches on R2R linked data concepts, and discuss our experience to date with this work in progress.

Resolution of 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-3-phospholene 1-oxide with TADDOL derivatives and calcium salts of O,O'-Dibenzoyl-(2R,3R)- or O,O'-di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid.

Science.gov (United States)

Bagi, Péter; Fekete, András; Kállay, Mihály; Hessz, Dóra; Kubinyi, Miklós; Holczbauer, Tamás; Czugler, Mátyás; Fogassy, Elemér; Keglevich, György

2014-03-01

The resolution methods applying (-)-(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyldioxolane ("TADDOL"), (-)-(2R,3R)-α,α,α',α'-tetraphenyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2,3-dimethanol ("spiro-TADDOL"), as well as the acidic and neutral Ca(2+) salts of (-)-O,O'-dibenzoyl- and (-)-O,O'-di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid were extended for the preparation of 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-3-phospholene 1-oxide in optically active form. In one case, the intermediate diastereomeric complex could be identified by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute P-configuration of the enantiomers of the phospholene oxide was also determined by comparing the experimentally obtained and calculated CD spectra. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Magnetization of R.sub.2./sub.Fe.sub.13.6./sub.Si.sub.3.4./sub. (R = U, Lu) single crystals under pressure

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Kolomiets, A. V.; Goto, T.

2005-01-01

Roč. 387, - (2005), s. 60-64 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA202/03/0550; GA MŠk(CZ) ME 680 Keywords : uranium intermetallics * R 2 T 17 * magnetic anisotropy * pressure effects Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.370, year: 2005

Measurements of coronal Faraday rotation at 4.6 R ☉

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kooi, Jason E.; Fischer, Patrick D.; Buffo, Jacob J.; Spangler, Steven R.

2014-01-01

Many competing models for the coronal heating and acceleration mechanisms of the high-speed solar wind depend on the solar magnetic field and plasma structure in the corona within heliocentric distances of 5 R ☉ . We report on sensitive Very Large Array (VLA) full-polarization observations made in 2011 August, at 5.0 and 6.1 GHz (each with a bandwidth of 128 MHz) of the radio galaxy 3C 228 through the solar corona at heliocentric distances of 4.6-5.0 R ☉ . Observations at 5.0 GHz permit measurements deeper in the corona than previous VLA observations at 1.4 and 1.7 GHz. These Faraday rotation observations provide unique information on the magnetic field in this region of the corona. The measured Faraday rotation on this day was lower than our a priori expectations, but we have successfully modeled the measurement in terms of observed properties of the corona on the day of observation. Our data on 3C 228 provide two lines of sight (separated by 46'', 33,000 km in the corona). We detected three periods during which there appeared to be a difference in the Faraday rotation measure between these two closely spaced lines of sight. These measurements (termed differential Faraday rotation) yield an estimate of 2.6-4.1 GA for coronal currents. Our data also allow us to impose upper limits on rotation measure fluctuations caused by coronal waves; the observed upper limits were 3.3 and 6.4 rad m –2 along the two lines of sight. The implications of these results for Joule heating and wave heating are briefly discussed.

Elimination Reactions of (E)-2,4,6-Trinitrobenzaldehyde O-benzoyloximes Promoted by R2NH in MeCN. Change of Reaction Mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Bong Rae; Pyun, Sang Yong

2010-01-01

We have studied the nitrile-forming elimination reactions from 1 promoted by R 2 NH in MeCN. The reaction proceeded by (E1cb) irr mechanism. Change of the β-aryl group from 2,4-dinitrophenyl to a more strongly electron-withdrawing 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl increased the reaction rate by 470-fold, shifted the transition state toward more reactant-like, and changed the reaction mechanism from E2 to (E1cb) irr . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of nitrile-forming elimination reaction that proceeds by the (E1cb) irr mechanism in MeCN. Noteworthy is the carbanion stabilizing ability of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group in aprotic solvent. Nitrile-forming elimination reactions of (E)-benzaldoxime derivatives have been extensively investigated under various conditions. The reactions proceeded by the E2 mechanism in MeCN despite the fact that the reactants have syn stereochemistry, poor leaving, and sp 2 hybridized β-carbon atom, all of which favor E1cb- or E1cb-like transition state. Moreover, the transition state structures were relatively insensitive to the variation of the reactant structures. The results have been attributed to the poor anion solvating ability of MeCN, which favors E2 transition state with maximum charge dispersal. For eliminations from strongly activated (E)-2,4-(NO 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 CH=NOC(O)C 6 H 4 X, a change in the reaction mechanism from E2 to (E1cb) irr was observed as the base-solvent was changed from R 2 NH in MeCN to R 2 NH/R 2 NH 2 + in 70 mol % MeCN(aq). A combination of a strong electron-withdrawing β-aryl group and anion-solvating protic solvent was required for the mechanistic change

A concise route to branched erythrono-gamma-lactones. Synthesis of the leaf-closing substance potassium (+/-)-(2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Daniel Sejer; Robinson, Tony V; Taylor, Dennis K

2009-01-01

-94% yield), including the natural plant lactone (+/-)-2-C-d-methylerythrono-1,4-lactone 1. The latter compound was treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide to afford potassium (+/-)-(2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate 2, which is a leaf-closing substance of Leucaena leucocephalam....

78 FR 56921 - South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, Phase 2 (Ponds R3, R4, R5, S5, A1, A2W, A8, A8S, A19...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-16

...-F2013227943] South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, Phase 2 (Ponds R3, R4, R5, S5, A1, A2W, A8, A8S, A19... South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project and consists of restoring and enhancing over 2,000 acres of... Pollution Control Plant located at 700 Los Esteros Road, San Jose, California. The details of the public...

R2R-printed inverted OPV modules - towards arbitrary patterned designs

Science.gov (United States)

Välimäki, M.; Apilo, P.; Po, R.; Jansson, E.; Bernardi, A.; Ylikunnari, M.; Vilkman, M.; Corso, G.; Puustinen, J.; Tuominen, J.; Hast, J.

2015-05-01

We describe the fabrication of roll-to-roll (R2R) printed organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules using gravure printing and rotary screen-printing processes. These two-dimensional printing techniques are differentiating factors from coated OPVs enabling the direct patterning of arbitrarily shaped and sized features into visual shapes and, increasing the freedom to connect the cells in modules. The inverted OPV structures comprise five layers that are either printed or patterned in an R2R printing process. We examined the rheological properties of the inks used and their relationship with the printability, the compatibility between the processed inks, and the morphology of the R2R-printed layers. We also evaluate the dimensional accuracy of the printed pattern, which is an important consideration in designing arbitrarily-shaped OPV structures. The photoactive layer and top electrode exhibited excellent cross-dimensional accuracy corresponding to the designed width. The transparent electron transport layer extended 300 µm beyond the designed values, whereas the hole transport layer shrank 100 µm. We also examined the repeatability of the R2R fabrication process when the active area of the module varied from 32.2 cm2 to 96.5 cm2. A thorough layer-by-layer optimization of the R2R printing processes resulted in realization of R2R-printed 96.5 cm2 sized modules with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.1% (mean 1.8%) processed with high functionality.

Synthesis and physical-chemical properties of 2-((4-R-3-(morpholinomethylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5ylthioacetic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. О. Shcherbyna

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The creation and improvement of the original domestic medicines is anactual problem of medical and pharmaceutical industries. Chemistry of heterocyclicsystems attracts scientists all over the world, as it is associated with a number of properties of this class of compounds which allow to use them for various purposes. It is known that the morpholine salts of 2-((4-R-5-R1-4H-1,2,4-triazoles-3-ylthioacetic acids exhibit low toxicity and pronounced pharmacological effect. The additional morpholine moiety in the 1,2,4-triazole’s nucleusshould lead to compounds with high biological activity. The aim of researchis the synthesis of 2-((4-R-3-(morpholinomethylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioaceticacidsand determination of its physical-chemical properties. Materials and methods.The determinationof physical-chemical propertiesof the obtained compounds has been carried out according to the methods listed in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The determinationof melting temperature has been performed for the synthesized compounds (device OptiMelt Stanford Research Systems MPA100. The structure of the compoundshas been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy (Mercury 400, chromatography-mass spectrometry (Agilent 1260 Infinity device with mass detector Agilent 6120 LC / MS and elemental analysis (ElementarVario L cube. Results.14 new synthesized compounds, namely isopropyl 2-morpholinoacetate, 2-morpholinoacetohydrazide, N-R-2-(2-morpholinoacetylhydrazinecarbothioamides, 2-(2-morpholinoacetyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide, 3-(morpholinomethyl-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiolesand2-((4-R-3-(morpholinomethylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioaceticacid(where, R=H, CH3, C2H5,C6H5 have been studied.The fragmentation of 2-((4-ethyl-3-(morpholinomethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthioacetic acid has been carried out usingmethod of LC/MS and fragment ions have been identified. The structure of the synthesized compounds in all cases has been confirmed by modern instrumental methods of analysis

Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roemer E

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A new reference cigarette, the 3R4F, has been developed to replace the depleting supply of the 2R4F cigarette. The present study was designed to compare mainstream smoke chemistry and toxicity of the two reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO machine smoking conditions, and to further compare mainstream smoke chemistry and toxicological activity of the 3R4F cigarette by two different smoking regimens, i.e., the machine smoking conditions specified by ISO and the Health Canada intensive (HCI smoking conditions.

SAHA decreases HDAC 2 and 4 levels in vivo and improves molecular phenotypes in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michal Mielcarek

Full Text Available Huntington's disease (HD is a progressive neurological disorder for which there are no disease-modifying treatments. Transcriptional dysregulation is a major molecular feature of HD, which significantly contributes to disease progression. Therefore, the development of histone deacetylase (HDAC inhibitors as therapeutics for HD has been energetically pursued. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA - a class I HDAC as well an HDAC6 inhibitor, improved motor impairment in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Recently it has been found that SAHA can also promote the degradation of HDAC4 and possibly other class IIa HDACs at the protein level in various cancer cell lines. To elucidate whether SAHA is a potent modifier of HDAC protein levels in vivo, we performed two independent mouse trials. Both WT and R6/2 mice were chronically treated with SAHA and vehicle. We found that prolonged SAHA treatment causes the degradation of HDAC4 in cortex and brain stem, but not hippocampus, without affecting its transcript levels in vivo. Similarly, SAHA also decreased HDAC2 levels without modifying the expression of its mRNA. Consistent with our previous data, SAHA treatment diminishes Hdac7 transcript levels in both wild type and R6/2 brains and unexpectedly was found to decrease Hdac11 in R6/2 but not wild type. We investigated the effects of SAHA administration on well-characterised molecular readouts of disease progression. We found that SAHA reduces SDS-insoluble aggregate load in the cortex and brain stem but not in the hippocampus of the R6/2 brains, and that this was accompanied by restoration of Bdnf cortical transcript levels.

Evaluation of role 2 (R2) medical resources in the Afghanistan combat theater: Initial review of the joint trauma system R2 registry.

Science.gov (United States)

Mann-Salinas, Elizabeth A; Le, Tuan D; Shackelford, Stacy A; Bailey, Jeffrey A; Stockinger, Zsolt T; Spott, Mary Ann; Wirt, Michael D; Rickard, Rory; Lane, Ian B; Hodgetts, Timothy; Cardin, Sylvain; Remick, Kyle N; Gross, Kirby R

2016-11-01

A Role 2 registry (R2R) was developed in 2008 by the US Joint Trauma System (JTS). The purpose of this project was to undertake a preliminary review of the R2R to understand combat trauma epidemiology and related interventions at these facilities to guide training and optimal use of forward surgical capability in the future. A retrospective review of available JTS R2R records; the registry is a convenience sample entered voluntarily by members of the R2 units. Patients were classified according to basic demographics, affiliation, region where treatment was provided, mechanism of injury, type of injury, time and method of transport from point of injury (POI) to R2 facility, interventions at R2, and survival. Analysis included trauma patients aged ≥18 years or older wounded in year 2008 to 2014, and treated in Afghanistan. A total of 15,404 patients wounded and treated in R2 were included in the R2R from February 2008 to September 2014; 12,849 patients met inclusion criteria. The predominant patient affiliations included US Forces, 4,676 (36.4%); Afghan Forces, 4,549 (35.4%); and Afghan civilians, 2,178 (17.0%). Overall, battle injuries predominated (9,792 [76.2%]). Type of injury included penetrating, 7,665 (59.7%); blunt, 4,026 (31.3%); and other, 633 (4.9%). Primary mechanism of injury included explosion, 5,320 (41.4%); gunshot wounds, 3,082 (24.0%); and crash, 1,209 (9.4%). Of 12,849 patients who arrived at R2, 167 (1.3%) were dead; of 12,682 patients who were alive upon arrival, 342 (2.7%) died at R2. This evaluation of the R2R describes the patient profiles of and common injuries treated in a sample of R2 facilities in Afghanistan. Ongoing and detailed analysis of R2R information may provide evidence-based guidance to military planners and medical leaders to best prepare teams and allocate R2 resources in future operations. Given the limitations of the data set, conclusions must be interpreted in context of other available data and analyses, not in isolation

Alteration of rare-earth-metal cluster iodides R(R6I12Z) through cation substitution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jensen, E.A.; Corbett, J.D.

2003-01-01

Four examples of (A x R 1-x )R 6 I 12 Z phases further illustrate the flexibility of the rhombohedral R 7 X 12 Z structure to substitution of heterocations for the isolated R III atoms without destruction of the structure. The examples with R=La, Pr, Z=Fe, Co, Ir, and stoichiometric amounts of A=Na or Ca were prepared by traditional high temperature techniques and characterized by single crystal and Guinier powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Product compositions refined in the parent space group R3-bar from reactions of stoichiometry AR 6 I 12 Z were (Na 0.90 Pr 0.10 )Pr 6 I 12 Ir, (Na 0.954 La 0.046 )La 6 I 12 Fe, and (Ca 0.801 La 0.199 )La 6 I 12 Co. More general characteristics of and trends in the family of R 7 X 12 Z structures are also considered, including distortions of the ideal motif as a function of extremes in the components

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of 4R-Cembranoid

OpenAIRE

V?lez-Carrasco, Wanda; Green, Carol E.; Catz, Paul; Furimsky, Anna; O?Loughlin, Kathleen; Eterovi?, Vesna A.; Ferchmin, P. A.

2015-01-01

4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural cyclic diterpenoid found in tobacco leaves that displays neuroprotective activity. 4R protects against NMDA, paraoxon (POX), and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) damage in rat hippocampal slices and against DFP in rats in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 4R as part of its preclinical development as a neuroprotective drug. 10 µM 4R was found to be very stable in plasma for up to 1 hr incubation. 4R metabolism ...

Total Synthesis of (R, R, R)-gamma-Tocopherol through Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,2-Addition

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wu, Zhongtao; Harutyunyan, Syuzanna R.; Minnaard, Adriaan J.

2014-01-01

Based on the asymmetric copper-catalyzed 1,2-addition of Grignard reagents to ketones, (R,R,R)--tocopherol has been synthesized in 36% yield over 12 steps (longest linear sequence). The chiral center in the chroman ring was constructed with 73% ee by the 1,2-addition of a phytol-derived Grignard

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of rGO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposites

Science.gov (United States)

Kotutha, Isara; Swatsitang, Ekaphan; Meewassana, Worawat; Maensiri, Santi

2015-06-01

In this work, a simple facile route for preparing an rGO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite through a one-pot hydrothermal approach was demonstrated. Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite powder by a modified Hummers method. Fe(NO3)2 • 9H2O and Mn(NO3)2 • H2O were used as the precursors for the preparation of the rGO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite. The formation of the rGO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Rama spectroscopy (Raman). The specific surface area of the prepared composite obtained by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was lower than that of pure rGO but higher than that of pure MnFe2O4. Consequently, the electrochemical performance was investigated by using a three-electrode cell system in 6.0 M KOH. The results show that the specific capacitance was determined to be 190.3, 276.9, and 144.5 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, and 194.9, 274.6, and 134.4 F/g at a current density of 5.0 A/g for rGO, rGO/(5 mmol) MnFe2O4, and rGO/(10 mmol) MnFe2O4, respectively. These results suggest that the composite of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles on an rGO nanosheet can improve the capacitive behavior of the fabricated electrode, but the electrochemical properties are reduced when the MnFe2O4 concentration ratio is high.

76 FR 6581 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

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2011-02-07

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively...-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes, certificated in any category, all...

76 FR 38069 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-29

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively...-603, B4-620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes; and Model...

Role of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in the in vitro N-dechloroethylation of (R)- and (S)-ifosfamide in human liver microsomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Granvil, C P; Madan, A; Sharkawi, M; Parkinson, A; Wainer, I W

1999-04-01

The central nervous system toxicity of ifosfamide (IFF), a chiral antineoplastic agent, is thought to be dependent on its N-dechloroethylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify the human CYPs responsible for IFF-N-dechloroethylation and their corresponding regio- and enantioselectivities. IFF exists in two enantiomeric forms, (R) - and (S)-IFF, which can be dechloroethylated at either the N2 or N3 positions, producing the corresponding (R,S)-2-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R, S)-2-DCE-IFF] and (R,S)-3-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R,S)-3-DCE-IFF]. The results of the present study suggest that the production of (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF is catalyzed by different CYPs as is the production of (S)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF. In vitro studies with a bank of human liver microsomes revealed that the sample-to-sample variation in the production of (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF was highly correlated with the levels of (S)-mephenytoin N-demethylation (CYP2B6), whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF production from (R)-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF production from (S)-IFF were both correlated with the activity of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (CYP3A4/5). Experiments with cDNA-expressed P-450 and antibody and chemical inhibition studies supported the conclusion that the formation of (S)-3-DCE-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF is catalyzed primarily by CYP2B6, whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF are primarily the result of CYP3A4/5 activity.

(1R,2R-N,N′-Bis(ferrocenylmethyl-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi Guo

2010-08-01

Full Text Available The title compound, [Fe2(C5H52(C26H26N2], was synthesized from a chiral diamine and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and subsequent reduction with NaBH4. It has two chiral centers which both exhibit an R configuration. Two ferrocene groups are present in the molecular structure, with their cyclopentadienyl ring planes showing an almost perpendicular arrangement [dihedral angle 88.6 (1°].

76 FR 441 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-05

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R...-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes, certificated in any category...

76 FR 28914 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-19

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively... B4-605R and B4-622R airplanes; A300 F4-605R and F4-622R airplanes; A300 C4-605R Variant F airplanes...

76 FR 39248 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-06

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R... B4-605R and B4-622R airplanes; Model A300 F4-605R and F4-622R airplanes; Model A300 C4-605R Variant F...

76 FR 59008 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-23

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R... to Airbus Model A300 B4-601, B4-603, B4-620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R...

Crystal structure of (1R,4R-tert-butyl 3-oxo-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5-carboxylate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suvratha Krishnamurthy

2015-07-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, C11H17NO4, commonly known as N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-hydroxy-d-pipecolic acid lactone, the absolute configuration is (1R,4R due to the enantiomeric purity of the starting material which remains unchanged during the course of the reaction. In the crystal there no intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride], a new nonpeptide antagonist of the bradykinin B1 receptor: biochemical and pharmacological characterization.

Science.gov (United States)

Gougat, Jean; Ferrari, Bernard; Sarran, Lionel; Planchenault, Claudine; Poncelet, Martine; Maruani, Jeanne; Alonso, Richard; Cudennec, Annie; Croci, Tiziano; Guagnini, Fabio; Urban-Szabo, Katalin; Martinolle, Jean-Pierre; Soubrié, Philippe; Finance, Olivier; Le Fur, Gérard

2004-05-01

The biochemical and pharmacological properties of a novel non-peptide antagonist of the bradykinin (BK) B(1) receptor, SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride] were evaluated. SSR240612 inhibited the binding of [(3)H]Lys(0)-des-Arg(9)-BK to the B(1) receptor in human fibroblast MRC5 and to recombinant human B(1) receptor expressed in human embryonic kidney cells with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.48 and 0.73 nM, respectively. The compound selectivity for B(1) versus B(2) receptors was in the range of 500- to 1000-fold. SSR240612 inhibited Lys(0)-desAr(9)-BK (10 nM)-induced inositol monophosphate formation in human fibroblast MRC5, with an IC(50) of 1.9 nM. It also antagonized des-Arg(9)-BK-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric plexus of rat ileum with a pA(2) of 8.9 and 9.4, respectively. Antagonistic properties of SSR240612 were also demonstrated in vivo. SSR240612 inhibited des-Arg(9)-BK-induced paw edema in mice (3 and 10 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p.). Moreover, SSR240612 reduced capsaicin-induced ear edema in mice (0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) and tissue destruction and neutrophil accumulation in the rat intestine following splanchnic artery occlusion/reperfusion (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). The compound also inhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by UV irradiation (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) and the late phase of nociceptive response to formalin in rats (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Finally, SSR240612 (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) prevented neuropathic thermal pain induced by sciatic nerve constriction in the rat. In conclusion, SSR240612 is a new, potent, and orally active specific non-peptide bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist.

Explaining the R_K and R_{K^*} anomalies

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, Diptimoy

2017-10-01

Recent LHCb results on R_{K^*}, the ratio of the branching fractions of B → K^* μ ^+ μ ^- to that of B → K^* e^+ e^-, for the dilepton invariant mass bins q^2 ≡ m_{ℓ ℓ }^2 = [0.045-1.1] GeV^2 and [1.1-6] GeV^2 show approximately 2.5 σ deviations from the corresponding Standard Model prediction in each of the bins. This, when combined with the measurement of R_K (q^2=[1-6] GeV^2), a similar ratio for the decay to a pseudo-scalar meson, highly suggests lepton non-universal new physics in semi-leptonic B meson decays. In this work, we perform a model independent analysis of these potential new physics signals and identify the operators that do the best job in satisfying all these measurements. We show that heavy new physics, giving rise to q^2 independent local 4-Fermi operators of scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector or axial-vector type, is unable to explain all the three measurements simultaneously, in particular R_{K^*} in the bin [0.045-1.1], within their experimental 1σ regions. We point out the possibility to explain R_{K^*} in the low bin by an additional light (≲ 20 {MeV}) vector boson with appropriate coupling strengths to (\\bar{b} s) and (\\bar{e} e).

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients of R22, R134a, R407C, and R410A inside plain and microfin tubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jung, Dongsoo; Cho, Youngmok; Park, Kiho [Inha Univ., Incheon (Korea). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

2004-01-01

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of R22, R134a, R407C, and R410A inside horizontal plain and microfin tubes of 9.52 mm outside diameter and 1 m length were measured at the condensation temperature of 40{sup o}C with mass fluxes of 100, 200, and 300 kg m{sup -2} s{sup -1} and a heat flux of 7.7-7.9 kW m{sup -2}. For a plain tube, HTCs of R134a and R410A were similar to those of R22 while HTCs of R407C are 11-15% lower than those of R22. For a microfin tube, HTCs of R134a were similar to those of R22 while HTCs of R407C and R410A were 23-53% and 10-21% lower than those of R22. For a plain tube, our correlation agreed well with the present data for all refrigerants exhibiting a mean deviation of 11.6%. Finally, HTCs of a microfin tube were 2-3 times higher than those of a plain tube and the heat transfer enhancement factor decreased as the mass flux increased for all refrigerants tested. (Author)

Research on 6R Military Logistics Network

Science.gov (United States)

Jie, Wan; Wen, Wang

The building of military logistics network is an important issue for the construction of new forces. This paper has thrown out a concept model of 6R military logistics network model based on JIT. Then we conceive of axis spoke y logistics centers network, flexible 6R organizational network, lean 6R military information network based grid. And then the strategy and proposal for the construction of the three sub networks of 6Rmilitary logistics network are given.

An improved slow neutron spectrometer at nuclear research reactor et-r r-1. Vol. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abu El-Ela, M A [Reactor and Neutron Physics, Nuclear Research Center, AEA, Cairo (Egypt)

1996-03-01

An improved slow neutron selector has been aligned at channel number 6 of the nuclear research reactor ET-R R-1 Inshas. The flight path is 4 meter. The collimator-rotor-collimator system has the dimensions 0.3 x 2.5 x 70 cm with the rotor diameter 16 cm and 3 slits of 0.3 x 2.5 cm cross section. The rotor rotation rate varies between 600 r.p.m. the counting system has one of the best modern high electronic advanced technology time analyzer with minimum dwell time 2 sec, 8192 channels and a double detector inputs of TTL and NEG NIM standard pulses. The analyzer external triggering signals are of TTL standard type. A special design {sup 3} He detector for time of flight spectrometry has been used in the SNS. The reactor bare thermal neutron spectrum has been successfully measured, to show good agreement with the previous data. 6 figs.

Analysis of various types of single-polypeptide-chain (sc) heterodimeric A{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R complexes and their allosteric receptor–receptor interactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamiya, Toshio, E-mail: kamiya@z2.keio.jp [Department of Molecular Cell Signaling, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526 (Japan); Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526 (Japan); Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502 (Japan); Yoshioka, Kazuaki; Nakata, Hiroyasu [Department of Molecular Cell Signaling, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526 (Japan)

2015-01-09

Highlights: • Various scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R constructs, with spacers between the two receptors, were created. • Using whole cell binding assay, constructs were examined for their binding activity. • Although the apparent ratio of A{sub 2A}R to D{sub 2}R binding sites should be 1, neither was 1. • Counter agonist-independent binding cooperativity occurred in context of scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R. - Abstract: Adenosine A{sub 2A} receptor (A{sub 2A}R) heteromerizes with dopamine D{sub 2} receptor (D{sub 2}R). However, these class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimers are not fully formed, but depend on the equilibrium between monomer and dimer. In order to stimulate the heteromerization, we have previously shown a successful design for a fusion receptor, single-polypeptide-chain (sc) heterodimeric A{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R complex. Here, using whole cell binding assay, six more different scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R constructs were examined. Not only in scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2}R ‘liberated’ with longer spacers between the two receptors, which confer the same configuration as the prototype, the A{sub 2A}R-odr4TM-D{sub 2L}R, but differ in size (Forms 1–3), but also in scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2L}R (Form 6) fused with a transmembrane (TM) of another type II TM protein, instead of odr4TM, neither of their fixed stoichiometry (the apparent ratios of A{sub 2A}R to D{sub 2}R binding sites) was 1, suggesting their compact folding. This suggests that type II TM, either odr4 or another, facilitates the equilibrial process of the dimer formation between A{sub 2A}R and D{sub 2L}R, resulting in the higher-order oligomer formation from monomer of scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2L}R itself. Also, in the reverse type scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2L}R, i.e., the D{sub 2L}R-odr4TM-A{sub 2A}R, counter agonist-independent binding cooperativity (cooperative folding) was found to occur (Forms 4 and 5). In this way, the scA{sub 2A}R/D{sub 2L}R system has unveiled the cellular phenomenon as a snapshot of the

76 FR 27242 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-11

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R... applies to all Airbus Model A300 B4-601, B4-603, B4- 620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and...

75 FR 76926 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-10

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R... airplanes; Model A300 B4-605R and B4-622R airplanes; Model A300 F4-605R and F4-622R airplanes; Model A300 C4...

R3-R4 deletion in the PRNP gene is associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cervenakova, L.; Brown, P.; Nagle, J. [and others

1994-09-01

There are conflicting reports on the association of deletions in the PRNP gene on chromosome 20 with CJD, a rapidly progressive fatal spongiform encephalopathy. We accumulated data suggesting that a deletion of R3-R4 type (parts of the third and fourth repeats are deleted from the area of four repeating 24 bp sequences in the 5{prime} region of the gene) is causing CJD. Screening of 129 unaffected control individuals demonstrated presence of a deletion of R2 type in four (1.55% of the studied chromosomes), but none of them had the R3-R4 type. Of 181 screened patients with spongiform encephalopathies, two had a deletion of R3-R4 type with no other mutations in the coding sequence. Both patients had a classical rapidly progressive dementing disease and diffuse spongiform degeneration, and both cases were apparently sporadic. The same R3-R4 type of deletion was detected in three additional neuropathologically confirmed spongiform encephalopathy patients, of which two had other known pathogenic mutations in the PRNP gene: at codon 178 on the methionine allele exhibiting the phenotype of fatal familial insomnia, and codon 200 causing CJD with severe dementia; the third was a patient with iatrogenic CJD who developed the disease after treatment with growth hormone extracted from cadaveric human pituitary glands. In all cases the deletion coincided with a variant sequence at position 129 coding for methionine.

77 FR 1656 - Proposed Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, R...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-11

...-0117; Airspace Docket No. 09-AGL-31] RIN 2120-AI92 Proposed Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R- 5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, R-5403F; Devils Lake, ND AGENCY: Federal Aviation... Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R- 5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, R-5403F; Devils Lake, ND (76 FR 72869...

77 FR 36907 - Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, and R...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-20

...; Airspace Docket No. 09-AGL-31] Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R- 5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, and R-5403F; Devils Lake, ND AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION... establish Restricted Areas R- 5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, and R-5403F in the vicinity...

Mononuclear Amido and Binuclear Imido Zirconium Complexes Supported by Dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene Ligands. X-ray Structure of [(Me(4)taa)Zr(&mgr;-NR)(2)Zr(NHR)(2)] (R = Bu(t) or 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2)).

Science.gov (United States)

Nikonov, Georgii I.; Blake, Alexander J.; Mountford, Philip

1997-03-12

Reaction of 2 equiv of Li[NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)R(2)] with [(Me(4)taa)ZrCl(2)] (Me(4)taaH(2) = tetramethyldibenzotetraaza[14]annulene) gives the bis(amido) derivatives [(Me(4)taa)Zr(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)R(2))(2)] [R = Pr(i) (1) and Me (2)]. Addition of Me(4)taaH(2) to [Zr(N-2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2))(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2))(2)(py)(2)] also affords 1. The reaction of 2 equiv of aryl or alkyl amines H(2)NR with the bis(alkyl) complex [(Me(4)taa)Zr(CH(2)SiMe(3))(2)] is the most versatile method for preparing [(Me(4)taa)Zr(NHR)(2)] (R = 2,6-C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2), 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2), Ph, or Bu(t)). Reaction of 1 equiv of Me(4)taaH(2) with the binuclear complexes [(Bu(t)NH)(2)Zr(&mgr;-NBu(t))(2)Zr(NHBu(t))(2)] or [(py)(HN-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)Zr(&mgr;-N-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)Zr(NH-2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2))(2)(py)] gives the asymmetrically substituted derivatives [(Me(4)taa)Zr(&mgr;-NR)(2)Zr(NHR)(2)] [R = Bu(t) (6) or 2,6-C(6)H(3)Me(2) (8)], which have been crystallographically characterized.

75 FR 60611 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model A300 C4...; Model A300 B4-601, B4- 603, B4-620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F...-- Dated-- A300 series airplanes......... A300-32A0447..... April 22, 2004. A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4...

75 FR 27956 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-19

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively...-203, and B4-203 airplanes; Model A300 B4-601, B4- 603, B4-620, B4-622, B4-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4...

SP (4,R) symmetry in light nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peterson, D.R.

1979-01-01

A classification of nuclear states according to the noncompact sympletic Lie algebras sp(2n,R), n = 1, 2, 3, is investigated. Such a classification has recently been shown to be physically meaningful. This classification scheme is the appropriate generalization fo Elliott's SU 3 model of rotational states in deformed light nuclei to include core excitations. A restricted classification according to the Lie algebra, sp(4,R), is motivated. Truncation of the model space to a single sp(4,R) irreducible representation allows the inclusion of states possessing very high excitation energy. An sp(4,R) model study is performed on S = T = 0 positive-parity rotational bands in the deformed light nuclei 16 O and 24 Mg. States are included in the model space that possess up to 10h ω in excitation energy. Results for the B(E2) transition rates compare favorable with experiment, without resort to effective charges

Interactions of miR-323/miR-326/miR-329 and miR-130a/miR-155/miR-210 as prognostic indicators for clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qiu Shuwei

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with poor clinical outcome. Identification and development of new markers could be beneficial for the diagnosis and prognosis of GBM patients. Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs is involved in GBM. Therefore, we attempted to identify and develop specific miRNAs as prognostic and predictive markers for GBM patient survival. Methods Expression profiles of miRNAs and genes and the corresponding clinical information of 480 GBM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA dataset were downloaded and interested miRNAs were identified. Patients’ overall survival (OS and progression-free survival (PFS associated with interested miRNAs and miRNA-interactions were performed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The impacts of miRNA expressions and miRNA-interactions on survival were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Biological processes and network of putative and validated targets of miRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results In this study, 6 interested miRNAs were identified. Survival analysis showed that high levels of miR-326/miR-130a and low levels of miR-323/miR-329/miR-155/miR-210 were significantly associated with long OS of GBM patients, and also showed that high miR-326/miR-130a and low miR-155/miR-210 were related with extended PFS. Moreover, miRNA-323 and miRNA-329 were found to be increased in patients with no-recurrence or long time to progression (TTP. More notably, our analysis revealed miRNA-interactions were more specific and accurate to discriminate and predict OS and PFS. This interaction stratified OS and PFS related with different miRNA levels more detailed, and could obtain longer span of mean survival in comparison to that of one single miRNA. Moreover, miR-326, miR-130a, miR-155, miR-210 and 4 miRNA-interactions were confirmed for the first time as independent predictors for survival by Cox regression model

76 FR 19724 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-08

... B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model C4-605R Variant F Airplanes (Collectively... F4-605R and F4-622R airplanes, and Model A300 C4-605R Variant F airplanes; and Model A310-203, -204...

R-2HG Exhibits Anti-tumor Activity by Targeting FTO/m6A/MYC/CEBPA Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Rui; Dong, Lei; Li, Chenying; Nachtergaele, Sigrid; Wunderlich, Mark; Qing, Ying; Deng, Xiaolan; Wang, Yungui; Weng, Xiaocheng; Hu, Chao; Yu, Mengxia; Skibbe, Jennifer; Dai, Qing; Zou, Dongling; Wu, Tong; Yu, Kangkang; Weng, Hengyou; Huang, Huilin; Ferchen, Kyle; Qin, Xi; Zhang, Bin; Qi, Jun; Sasaki, Atsuo T; Plas, David R; Bradner, James E; Wei, Minjie; Marcucci, Guido; Jiang, Xi; Mulloy, James C; Jin, Jie; He, Chuan; Chen, Jianjun

2018-01-11

R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), produced at high levels by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) enzymes, was reported as an oncometabolite. We show here that R-2HG also exerts a broad anti-leukemic activity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting leukemia cell proliferation/viability and by promoting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, R-2HG inhibits fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) activity, thereby increasing global N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modification in R-2HG-sensitive leukemia cells, which in turn decreases the stability of MYC/CEBPA transcripts, leading to the suppression of relevant pathways. Ectopically expressed mutant IDH1 and S-2HG recapitulate the effects of R-2HG. High levels of FTO sensitize leukemic cells to R-2HG, whereas hyperactivation of MYC signaling confers resistance that can be reversed by the inhibition of MYC signaling. R-2HG also displays anti-tumor activity in glioma. Collectively, while R-2HG accumulated in IDH1/2 mutant cancers contributes to cancer initiation, our work demonstrates anti-tumor effects of 2HG in inhibiting proliferation/survival of FTO-high cancer cells via targeting FTO/m 6 A/MYC/CEBPA signaling. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 42029 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-18

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, and F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model A300 C4... A300 B4-605R and B4-622R airplanes, Model A300 F4-605R and F4-622R airplanes, and Model A300 C4- [[Page...

Synthesis and thermolysis of Cp*(C5Me4CH2)TiR complexes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Luinstra, GA; Brinkmann, PHP; Teuben, JH; Luinstra, Gerrit A.

1997-01-01

Substitution of the chloride in Cp*FvTiCl with MR (Fv = C5Me4CH2; R = Me, CH2SiMe3, CH2CMe3, CH = CH2, M = Li; R = CH2Ph, M = K; R = C3H5, M = MgCl; R = Ph, M = Na . NaCl) gives Cp*FvTiR. NMR spectroscopic evidence points towards a series of structurally related compounds with a bent-sandwich

Reactions of [WI2(CO)(NCMe)(η2-RC2R)2] (R = Me, Ph) with pyridines and related ligands, X-ray crystal structure of [WI(CO)(bpy)(η2-MeC2Me)2][BPh4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baker, P.K.; Armstrong, E.M.; Drew, M.G.B.

1988-01-01

The reactions of the highly versatile bis(alkyne) compounds [WI 2 (CO)(NCMe)(η 2 -RC 2 R) 2 ] (R = Me, Ph) with pyridine and related ligands to give neutral and cationic alkyne complexes are reported. The x-ray structure of [WI 2 (CO)(bpy)(η 2 -MeC 2 Me) 2 ][BPh 4 ] was also measured and is reported. 10 references, 1 figure, 6 tables

A R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Epimedium sagittatum regulates the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenjun Huang

Full Text Available Herba epimedii (Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as a kidney tonic and antirheumatic medicine for thousands of years. The bioactive components in herba epimedii are mainly prenylated flavonol glycosides, end-products of the flavonoid pathway. Epimedium species are also used as garden plants due to the colorful flowers and leaves. Many R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs have been identified to regulate the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. However, little is known about the R2R3-MYB TFs involved in regulation of the flavonoid pathway in Epimedium. Here, we reported the isolation and functional characterization of the first R2R3-MYB TF (EsMYBA1 from Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc. Maxim. Conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis showed that EsMYBA1 belonged to the subgroup 6 clade (anthocyanin-related MYB clade of R2R3-MYB family, which includes Arabidopsis AtPAP1, apple MdMYB10 and legume MtLAP1. EsMYBA1 was preferentially expressed in leaves, especially in red leaves that contain higher content of anthocyanin. Alternative splicing of EsMYBA1 resulted in three transcripts and two of them encoded a MYB-related protein. Yeast two-hybrid and transient luciferase expression assay showed that EsMYBA1 can interact with several bHLH regulators of the flavonoid pathway and activate the promoters of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS. In both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis, overexpression of EsMYBA1 induced strong anthocyanin accumulation in reproductive and/or vegetative tissues via up-regulation of the main flavonoid-related genes. Furthermore, transient expression of EsMYBA1 in E. sagittatum leaves by Agrobacterium infiltration also induced anthocyanin accumulation in the wounded area. This first functional characterization of R2R3-MYB TFs in Epimedium species will promote further studies of the flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation in medicinal plants.

A R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Epimedium sagittatum regulates the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Wenjun; Sun, Wei; Lv, Haiyan; Luo, Ming; Zeng, Shaohua; Pattanaik, Sitakanta; Yuan, Ling; Wang, Ying

2013-01-01

Herba epimedii (Epimedium), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as a kidney tonic and antirheumatic medicine for thousands of years. The bioactive components in herba epimedii are mainly prenylated flavonol glycosides, end-products of the flavonoid pathway. Epimedium species are also used as garden plants due to the colorful flowers and leaves. Many R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been identified to regulate the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. However, little is known about the R2R3-MYB TFs involved in regulation of the flavonoid pathway in Epimedium. Here, we reported the isolation and functional characterization of the first R2R3-MYB TF (EsMYBA1) from Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim. Conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis showed that EsMYBA1 belonged to the subgroup 6 clade (anthocyanin-related MYB clade) of R2R3-MYB family, which includes Arabidopsis AtPAP1, apple MdMYB10 and legume MtLAP1. EsMYBA1 was preferentially expressed in leaves, especially in red leaves that contain higher content of anthocyanin. Alternative splicing of EsMYBA1 resulted in three transcripts and two of them encoded a MYB-related protein. Yeast two-hybrid and transient luciferase expression assay showed that EsMYBA1 can interact with several bHLH regulators of the flavonoid pathway and activate the promoters of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). In both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis, overexpression of EsMYBA1 induced strong anthocyanin accumulation in reproductive and/or vegetative tissues via up-regulation of the main flavonoid-related genes. Furthermore, transient expression of EsMYBA1 in E. sagittatum leaves by Agrobacterium infiltration also induced anthocyanin accumulation in the wounded area. This first functional characterization of R2R3-MYB TFs in Epimedium species will promote further studies of the flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation in medicinal plants.

Synthesis of (3R)-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-9-[4-3H] carbazolepropanoic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pleiss, Ulrich; Radtke, Martin; Schmitt, Peter

1990-01-01

(3R)-3-(4-Fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-[4- 3 H]carbazolepropanoic acid ( [ 3 H]BAY u 3405) (5) was synthesized by catalytic reduction of (3R)-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolepropanoic acid (4) with tritium. The precursor (4) was prepared by esterification and following oxidation of BAY u 3405 with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. 3 H NMR analysis of the final product showed the formation of [4α- 3 H]BAY us 3405 and [4β- 3 H]BAY u 3405 in a ratio of 1:1. (author)

75 FR 28480 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 Series Airplanes; Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, F4-600R...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-21

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 Series Airplanes; Model A300 B4-600, B4-600R, F4-600R Series..., B4-622, B4- 605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes; and Model A310-203...

Glutamate Receptors GluR1 and GluR4 in the Hamster Superior Colliculus: Distribution and Co-localization with Calcium-Binding Proteins and GABA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Jae-Sik; Lee, Jea-Young; Jeon, Chang-Jin

2009-01-01

We investigated the distributions of AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes GluR1 and GluR4 in the hamster superior colliculus (SC) with antibody immunocytochemistry and the effect of enucleation on these distributions. We compared these labelings to those of GluR2/3 in our previous report (Park et al., 2004, Neurosci Res., 49:139–155) and calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and GABA. Anti-GluR1-immunoreactive (IR) cells were scattered throughout the SC. By contrast, anti-GluR4-IR cells formed distinct clusters within the lower lateral stratum griseum intermediale (SGI) and lateral stratum album intermediale (SAI). The GluR1- and GluR4-IR neurons varied in size and morphology. The average diameter of the GluR1-IR cells was 13.00 µm, while the GluR4-IR cells was 20.00 µm. The large majority of IR neurons were round or oval cells, but they also included stellate, vertical fusiform and horizontal cells. Monocular enucleation appeared to have no effect on the GluR1 and GluR4 immunoreactivity. Some GluR1-IR cells expressed calbindin D28K (9.50%), calretinin (6.59%), parvalbumin (2.53%), and GABA (20.54%). By contrast, no GluR4-IR cells expressed calcium-binding proteins or GABA. Although the function of the AMPA receptor subunits in SC is not yet clear, the distinct segregation of the GluR subunits, its differential colocalization with calcium-binding proteins and GABA, and differential responses to enucleation suggest the functional diversity of the receptor subunits in visuo-motor integration in the SC

Adsorption performance of CuFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites towards organic dye

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Mingyi; Li, Xichuan; Gao, Chunjuan; Li, Xianxian; Qiu, Haixia

2017-01-01

A facile and efficient approach was employed to synthesize CuFe 2 O 4 /rGO (reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposites. The morphology, crystal structure and properties of the prepared CuFe 2 O 4 /rGO nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The CuFe 2 O 4 /rGO nanocomposites were applied as adsorbents to study their adsorption performance for Congo red. The adsorption capacity and recyclability, adsorption dynamics and adsorption models were investigated. The results show that the CuFe 2 O 4 /rGO nanocomposites are efficient and recyclable adsorbents. - Highlights: • CuFe 2 O 4 /rGO was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. • As an adsorbent it showed high adsorption capacity to CR. • It was magnetically removable and has high reusability.

(1S*,2S*,4R*,5R*-Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akira Uchida

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C10H12O8, a prospective raw material for colourless polyimides which are applied to electronic and microelectronic devices, lies about an inversion centre and the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. Two crystallographycally independent carboxylic acid groups on adjacent C atoms are in equatorial positions, resulting in a mutually trans conformation. In the crystal, O—H...O hydrogen bonds around an inversion centre and a threefold rotoinversion axis, respectively, form an inversion dimer with an R22(8 motif and a trimer with an R33(12 motif.

R2WinBUGS: A Package for Running WinBUGS from R

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sibylle Sturtz

2005-01-01

Full Text Available The R2WinBUGS package provides convenient functions to call WinBUGS from R. It automatically writes the data and scripts in a format readable by WinBUGS for processing in batch mode, which is possible since version 1.4. After the WinBUGS process has finished, it is possible either to read the resulting data into R by the package itself--which gives a compact graphical summary of inference and convergence diagnostics--or to use the facilities of the coda package for further analyses of the output. Examples are given to demonstrate the usage of this package.

TRIPOLI-4R Version 8 User Guide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brun, Emeric; Damian, Frederic; Dumonteil, Eric; Hugot, Francois-Xavier; Lee, Yi-Kang; Malvagi, Fausto; Mazzolo, Alain; Petit, Odile; Trama, Jean-Christophe; Visonneau, Thierry; Zoia, Andrea

2013-02-01

TRIPOLI-4 R solves the linear Boltzmann equation for neutrons, photons, electrons and positrons, with the Monte Carlo method, in any 3D geometry. The code uses ENDF format continuous energy cross-sections, from various international evaluations including JEFF-3.1.1, ENDF/B-VII.0, JENDL4 and FENDL2.1. Its official nuclear data library for applications, named CEAV5.1.1, is mainly based on the European evaluation JEFF-3.1.1. TRIPOLI-4 R solves fixed source as well as eigenvalue problems. It has advanced variance reduction methods to address deep penetration issues. Thanks to its robust and efficient parallelism capability, calculations are easily performed on multi-core single units, heterogeneous networks of workstations and massively parallel machines. Additional productivity tools, graphical as well as algorithmic, allow the user to efficiently set its input decks. With its large V and V data base, TRIPOLI-4 R is used as a reference code for industrial purposes, as well as a R and D and teaching tool, for radiation protection and shielding, core physics, nuclear criticality-safety and nuclear instrumentation. TRIPOLI-4 R is a registered trademark of CEA. (authors)

Characterization of somatostatin receptors and associated signaling pathways in pancreas of R6/2 transgenic mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Somvanshi, Rishi K; Jhajj, Amrit; Heer, Michael; Kumar, Ujendra

2018-02-01

The present study describes the status of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and their colocalization with insulin (β), glucagon (α) and somatostatin (δ) producing cells in the pancreatic islets of 11weeks old R6/2 Huntington's Disease transgenic (HD tg) and age-matched wild type (wt) mice. We also determined expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and presynaptic marker synaptophysin (SYP) in addition to signal transduction pathways associated with diabetes. In R6/2 mice, islets are relatively smaller in size, exhibit enhanced expression and nuclear inclusion of mHtt along with the loss of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin expression. In comparison to wt, R6/2 mice display enhanced mRNA for all SSTRs except SSTR2. In the pancreatic lysate, SSTR1, 4 and 5 immunoreactivity decreases whereas SSTR3 immunoreactivity increases with no discernible changes in SSTR2 immunoreactivity. Furthermore, at the cellular level, R6/2 mice exhibit a receptor specific distributional pattern of SSTRs like immunoreactivity and colocalization with β, α and δ cells. While GAD expression is increased, TH and SYP immunoreactivity was decreased in R6/2 mice, anticipating a cross-talk between the CNS and pancreas in diabetes pathophysiology. We also dissected out the changes in signaling pathway and found decreased activation and expression of PKA, AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT3 in R6/2 mice pancreas. These findings suggest that the impaired organization of SSTRs within islets may lead to perturbed hormonal regulation and signaling. These interconnected complex events might shed new light on the pathogenesis of diabetes in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of SSTRs in potential therapeutic intervention. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, physical-chemical properties, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of some 2-(2-((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioacetyl-N-R1–hydrazine-carbothioamides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. M. Odyntsova

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Special attention of pharmaceutical scientists is attracted to the creation of new potential substances. They select natural heterocyclic molecules that exhibit various types of pharmacological activity as basic structures. Adamantane derivatives, as well as a number of other framework compounds, in the vast majority are biologically active substances. This fact causes interest to the given classes of organic compounds as potential sources for the development of new drugs. Due to the high pharmacological action of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, the combination of adamantane and 1,2,4-triazole in one molecule can lead to the formation of high-level pharmacological substances. The aim of this work is the synthesis of some 2- (2 - ((5- (adamantane-1-yl -4-R-1,2,4-triasole-3-yl thio acetyl -N-R1-hydrazine-carbothioamides, study of their physical and chemical properties, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Materials and methods. The chemical names of the compounds are given in accordance with the requirements of the IUPAC nomenclature (1979 and the recommendations of the IUPAC (1993. Study of the physical and chemical properties of 2-(2-((5-(adamantane-1-yl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthioacetyl-N-R1-hydrazine-carbothioamides have been carried out on the certified and licensed equipment in the ZSMU physical-chemical laboratories. The melting temperature was determined by an open capillary method on the Opti Melt MPA 100. The elemental composition of the synthesized compounds was determined on the universal analyzer Elementar Vario L cube (CHNS (standard – sulfanilamide. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a spectrometer Varian Mercury VX-200 (1H, 200 MHz in dimethylsulfoxide-d6solvent (tetramethylsilane - internal standard and are decoded using ADVASP(tmAnalyzer program (Umatek International Inc.. Chromatographic mass spectral studies were performed on a gas-liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with an Agilent 6120 mass spectrometer

Crystal structures of double vanadates Ca9R(VO4)7. 1. R = La, Pr and Eu

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belik, A.A.; Morozov, V.A.; Lazoryak, B.I.; Khasanov, S.S.

1997-01-01

Crystalline structures of Ca 9 R(VO 4 ) 7 (R = La(1), Pr(2), Eu(3)) were studied by means of the complete profile analysis. The compounds crystallize in trigonal syngony (sp.gr. R3c, Z=6) with the following parameters of the elementary cells: 1 - a=10.8987(5), c = 38.147(1) A, V = 3924.1(3) A; 2 - a 10.8808(7), c = 38.135(1) A, V = 3910.0(3) A; 3 - a = 10.8651(1), c 38.089(1) A, V = 3894.0(3) A 3 . The rare-earth element cations together with calcium population density of the rare-earth element cations in the positions changes regularly depending on their radius. In some compounds starting from La up to Eu the population density of the rare-earth element cations in M(3) position decreases, while that in M(1) and M(2) position - increases

Configurational Reassignment and Improved Preparation of the Competitive IL-6 Receptor Antagonist 20R,21R-Epoxyresibufogenin-3-formate

Science.gov (United States)

Boos, Terrence L.; Cheng, Kejun; Greiner, Elisabeth; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.

2012-01-01

20R,21R-Epoxyresibufogenin-3-formate (1) and 20S,21S-epoxyresibufogenin-3-formate (2) were synthesized from commercial resibufogenin (3) using known procedures. The major product (1) was dextrorotatory, as was the major product from the reported synthesis of epoxyresibufogenin-3-formate; however, the literature (+)-compound was assigned the 20S,21S-configuration based on NMR data. We have now unequivocally determined, using single-crystal X-ray structure analyses of the major and minor products of the synthesis and of their derivatives, that the major product from the synthesis was (+)-20R,21R-epoxyresibufogenin-3-formate (1). Our minor synthetic product was determined to have the (-)-20S,21S-configuration (2). The (+)-20R,21R-compound 1 has been found to have high affinity for the IL-6 receptor and to act as an IL-6 antagonist. A greatly improved synthesis of 1 was achieved through oxidation of preformed resibufogenin-3-formate. This has enabled us to prepare, from the very expensive commercial resibufogenin, considerably larger quantities of 1, the only known non-peptide small molecule IL-6 antagonist. PMID:22360661

The structures of T6, T3R3 and R6 bovine insulin: combining X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Frankær, Christian Grundahl; Knudsen, Marianne Vad; Noren, Katarina

2012-01-01

The crystal structures of three conformations, T6, T3R3 and R6, of bovine insulin were solved at 1.40, 1.30 and 1.80 Å resolution, respectively. All conformations crystallized in space group R3. In contrast to the T6 and T3R3 structures, different conformations of the N-terminal B-chain residue Phe......B1 were observed in the R6 insulin structure, resulting in an eightfold doubling of the unit-cell volume upon cooling. The zinc coordination in each conformation was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), including both EXAFS and XANES. Zinc adopts a tetrahedral coordination in all R3 sites...... molecules, as well as in other high-resolution insulin structures. As the radiation dose for XRD experiments is two orders of magnitude higher compared with that of XAS experiments, the single crystals were exposed to a higher degree of radiation damage that affected the zinc coordination in the T3 sites...

Minimal $R+R^2$ Supergravity Models of Inflation Coupled to Matter

CERN Document Server

Ferrara, S

2014-01-01

The supersymmetric extension of "Starobinsky" $R+\\alpha R^2$ models of inflation is particularly simple in the "new minimal" formalism of supergravity, where the inflaton has no scalar superpartners. This paper is devoted to matter couplings in such supergravity models. We show how in the new minimal formalism matter coupling presents certain features absent in other formalisms. In particular, for the large class of matter couplings considered in this paper, matter must possess an R-symmetry, which is gauged by the vector field which becomes dynamical in the "new minimal" completion of the $R+\\alpha R^2$ theory. Thus, in the dual formulation of the theory, where the gauge vector is part of a massive vector multiplet, the inflaton is the superpartner of the massive vector of a nonlinearly realized R-symmetry. The F-term potential of this theory is of no-scale type, while the inflaton potential is given by the D-term of the gauged R-symmetry. The absolute minimum of the potential is always exactly supersymmetri...

Steviamine, a new class of indolizidine alkaloid [(1R,2S,3R,5R,8aR-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyloctahydroindolizine-1,2-diol hydrobromide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amber L. Thompson

2009-11-01

Full Text Available X-ray crystallographic analysis of the title hydrobromide salt, C10H20N+·Br−, of (1R,2S,3R,5R,8aR-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyloctahydroindolizine-1,2-diol defines the absolute and relative stereochemistry at the five chiral centres in steviamine, a new class of polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid isolated from Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae leaves. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H...Br and N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming double chains around the twofold screw axes along the b-axis direction. Intramolecular O—H...O interactions occur.

Solid-solution stability and preferential site-occupancy in (R-R')2Fe14B compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Colin, C. V.; Ito, M.; Yano, M.; Dempsey, N. M.; Suard, E.; Givord, D.

2016-06-01

The rare-earth (R) uniaxial anisotropy of R2Fe14B compounds with magnetic R atoms (e.g., Nd or Pr) is at the origin of the exceptional hard magnetic properties achieved in magnets based on these compounds. The uniaxial anisotropy found in Ce2Fe14B is attributed mainly to the magnetism of Fe. Ce is the most abundant R element and there has been much recent effort to fabricate magnets in which Ce is partially substituted for Nd. In the present neutron study of (R1-xCex)2Fe14B (R = La or Nd), Ce is found to enter the R2Fe14B phase over the entire composition range. The crystallographic parameters decrease with increasing Ce content and the Ce atoms preferentially occupy the smaller 4f sites. It is concluded that Ce in these (RR')2Fe14B compounds essentially maintains the intermediate valence character found in Ce2Fe14B. It is proposed that, in this intermediate valence state, Ce weakly contributes to uniaxial anisotropy, thus making a link with the fact that significant coercivity is preserved in Ce-substituted NdFeB magnets.

Anisotropic magnetic structures of the Mn R MnSbO6 high-pressure doubly ordered perovskites (R =La , Pr, and Nd)

Science.gov (United States)

Solana-Madruga, Elena; Arévalo-López, Ángel M.; Dos santos-García, Antonio J.; Ritter, Clemens; Cascales, Concepción; Sáez-Puche, Regino; Attfield, J. Paul

2018-04-01

A new type of doubly ordered perovskite (also reported as double double perovskite, DDPv) structure combining columnar and rock-salt orders of the cations at the A and B sites, respectively, was recently found at high pressure for Mn R MnSb O6 (R =La -Sm ). Here we report further magnetic structures of these compounds. M n2 + spins align into antiparallel ferromagnetic sublattices along the x axis for MnLaMnSb O6 , while the magnetic anisotropy of P r3 + magnetic moments induces their preferential order along the z direction for MnPrMnSb O6 . The magnetic structure of MnNdMnSb O6 was reported to show a spin-reorientation transition of M n2 + spins from the z axis towards the x axis driven by the ordering of N d3 + magnetic moments. The crystal-field parameters for P r3 + and N d3 + at the 4 e C2 site of their DDPv structure have been semiempirically estimated and used to derive their energy levels and associated wave functions. The results demonstrate that the spin-reorientation transition in MnNdMnSb O6 arises as a consequence of the crystal-field-induced magnetic anisotropy of N d3 + .

MicroRNA, miR-374b, directly targets Myf6 and negatively regulates C2C12 myoblasts differentiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Zhiyuan; Sun, Xiaorui; Xu, Dequan; Xiong, Yuanzhu; Zuo, Bo, E-mail: zuobo@mail.hzau.edu.cn

2015-11-27

Myogenesis is a complex process including myoblast proliferation, differentiation and myotube formation and is controlled by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD, MyoG, Myf5 and Myf6 (also known as MRF4). MicroRNA is a kind of ∼22 nt-long non-coding small RNAs, and act as key transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Identification of miRNAs involved in the regulation of muscle genes could improve our understanding of myogenesis process. In this study, we investigated the regulation of Myf6 gene by miRNAs. We showed that miR-374b specifically bound to the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of Myf6 and down-regulated the expression of Myf6 gene at both mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, miR-374b is ubiquitously expressed in the tissues of adult C57BL6 mouse, and the mRNA abundance increases first and then decreases during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. Over-expression of miR-374b impaired C2C12 cell differentiation, while inhibiting miR-374b expression by 2′-O-methyl antisense oligonucleotides promoted C2C12 cell differentiation. Taken together, our findings identified miR-374b directly targets Myf6 and negatively regulates myogenesis. - Highlights: • MiR-374b directly targets 3′UTR of Myf6. • MiR-374b negatively regulates Myf6 in C2C12 cells. • MiR-374b abundance significiently changes during C2C12 cells differentiation. • MiR-374b negatively regulates C2C12 cells differentiation.

An ODIP effort to map R2R ocean data terms to international vocabularies

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, Renata; Stocks, Karen; Arko, Robert

2014-05-01

The heterogeneity of terminology used in describing data creates a barrier to the efficient discovery and re-use of data, particularly across institutional, programmatic, and disciplinary boundaries. Here we explore the outcomes of a student project to crosswalk terms between the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program and other international systems, as part of the Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP). R2R is a US program developing and implementing an information management system to preserve and provide access to routine underway data collected by U.S academic research vessels. R2R participates in ODIP, an international forum for improving the interoperability and effective sharing of marine data resources through technical workshops and joint prototypes. The vocabulary mapping effort lays a foundation for future ocean data portals through which users search and access international ocean data using familiar terms. R2R describes its data with a suite of controlled vocabularies (http://www.rvdata.us/voc) some of which were developed locally or are specific to the US. The goal of this student project is to crosswalk local/national vocabularies to authoritative international vocabularies, where they exist, or to vocabularies widely used by ODIP partners. Specifically, R2R developed the following crosswalks: R2R science party names to ORCID person identifiers, UNOLS ports to SeaDataNet Ports Gazetteer, R2R Device Models to NVS SeaVoX Device Catalog, and R2R Organizations to the European Directory of Marine Organizations (EDMO). Mappings were done in simple spreadsheets using synonymy relationships only, and will be published as part of the R2R Linked Data resources. The level of success in crosswalking was variable. The majority of ports were successfully mapped. Differences in the character sets (i.e. whether diacritic marks were used) caused automated matching to fail occasionally, but the number of ports was small enough that these could be manually

R2/R0-WTR decommissioning cost. Comparison and benchmarking analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varley, Geoff; Rusch, Chris

2001-10-01

the dismantling activities to determine if they are reasonable. The difference between the R2 estimated total decommissioning cost and the WTR actual total cost is the equivalent of approximately MSEK 85. The analyses presented in this report suggest that up to MSEK 30 of this difference could be related to the process equipment and other active component dismantling. In particular dismantling of the bioshield is singled out for detailed investigation. The final WTR cost turned out to be 25 per cent in excess of the WTR estimate. This may be attributed mainly to: 1. Loss of plant knowledge due to a period of 30 years between shutdown and start of decommissioning combined with the loss of key records concerning the condition of the plant. This was not a major factor but did contribute to additional costs. 2. Assumptions about the extent of concrete contamination and the ability to decontaminate concrete prior to dismantling turned out to be false (est. MSEK10 impact) 3. Unforeseen water treatment was required (est. MSEK12 impact) 4. Inefficiency due to restricted working space was not accounted for correctly (est. MSEK3 impact) 5. Required project management resources were underestimated (est. MSEK13 impact) 6. Health physics hours exceeded expected hours because of the broader requirements of the operations at the Waltz Mill site (est. MSEK5 impact) The items listed above account for close to 80 per cent of the cost overrun (MSEK43 of MSEK55). In principle most of these factors can be avoided in the case of R2 by taking appropriate action in advance. It would however be imprudent not to include some contingency in the R2 estimate to cover unforeseen conditions or implementation difficulties. Based on WTR experience, it would appear that a reasonable contingency for things about which R2 can do little to prepare for in advance, would be in the order of 5 to 10 per cent of the base cost estimate

R Sridharan

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. R Sridharan. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 1 Issue 6 June 1996 pp 90-93 Book Review. Non European Roots of Mathematics - Setting the Record Straight · R Sridharan · More Details Fulltext PDF. Volume 4 Issue 8 August ...

76 FR 25259 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, A300 B4-600R, and A300 F4-600R Series...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-04

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, A300 B4-600R, and A300 F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model...-605R, B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes; and Model A310-203, -204, -221, -222...

A facile stereospecific synthesis of the ( sup 2 H sub 6 )-isopropyl-labelled metoprolol enantiomers from (2R)- and (2S)-glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murthy, S.S.; Nelson, W.L. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (USA). Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry)

1990-12-01

Enantiomers of metoprolol containing six deuterium atoms in the isopropyl methyl groups were prepared in two steps from the sodium salt of 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol (3) and the commercially available (2R)-and (2S)-glycidyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonates ((2R)-2 and (2S)-2). The resulting (2R)- and (2S)-epoxides were opened using ({sup 2}H{sub 6})-isopropylamine. The enantiomeric excesses were 93 and 95% for the deuterated (2R)- and (2S)-enantiomers of metoprolol ((2R)-1 and (2S)-1), respectively, as determined by chiral column HPLC. (author).

Ponceau 6R dye decoloration and chromate reduction simultaneously in acid medium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seddique M. Ahmed

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The degradation efficiency and kinetic degradation reaction of Ponceau 6R dye using potassium chromate have been investigated under various experimental conditions: different concentrations of H2SO4 and temperatures. The immediate change of the red coloration (λmax = 518 nm to colorless was observed after addition of inorganic oxidizing agent (K2CrO4 into the protonated form of Ponceau 6R dye after 48 h. This observation could be attributed to the highest oxidized form of this dye obtained (the quinoid one, which undergoes a hydrolysis reaction to produce p-hydroquinone (H2Q by a mechanism similar to Schiff-base hydrolysis. The cationic form of this matrix is a crucial feature for the hydrolysis process. A kinetic model for oxidation of Ponceau 6R by the combination of chromate was developed based on experimental results. The observed kinetic reaction coefficient was determined and correlated as a function of UV spectral intensity of Ponceau 6R at 518 nm. The degradation rate follows pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to dye concentration.

New Synthesis, Structure and Analgesic Properties of Methyl 1-R-4-Methyl-2,2-Dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-Benzothiazine-3-Carboxylates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Azotla-Cruz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available According to the principles of the methodology of bioisosteric replacements a series of methyl 1-R-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylates has been obtained as potential analgesics. In addition, a fundamentally new strategy for the synthesis of compounds of this chemical class involving the introduction of N-alkyl substituent at the final stage in 2,1-benzothiazine nucleus already formed has been proposed. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis it has been proven that in the DMSO/K2CO3 system the reaction of methyl 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate and alkyl halides leads to formation of N-substituted derivatives with good yields regardless of the structure of the alkylating agent. The peculiarities of NMR (1Н and 13С spectra of the compounds synthesized, their mass spectrometric behavior and the spatial structure are discussed. In N-benzyl derivative the ability to form a monosolvate with methanol has been found. According to the results of the pharmacological testing conducted on the model of the thermal tail-flick it has been determined that replacement of 4-ОН-group in methyl 1-R-4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylates for the methyl group is actually bioisosteric since all methyl 1-R-4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylates synthesized demonstrated a statistically significant analgesic effect. The majority of the substances can inhibit the thermal pain response much more effective than piroxicam in the same dose. Under the same conditions as an analgesic the N-methyl-substituted analog exceeds not only piroxicam, but more active meloxicam as well. Therefore, it deserves in-depth biological studies on other experimental models.

R2R - software to speed the depiction of aesthetic consensus RNA secondary structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Weinberg Zasha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background With continuing identification of novel structured noncoding RNAs, there is an increasing need to create schematic diagrams showing the consensus features of these molecules. RNA structural diagrams are typically made either with general-purpose drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator, or with automated or interactive programs specific to RNA. Unfortunately, the use of applications like Illustrator is extremely time consuming, while existing RNA-specific programs produce figures that are useful, but usually not of the same aesthetic quality as those produced at great cost in Illustrator. Additionally, most existing RNA-specific applications are designed for drawing single RNA molecules, not consensus diagrams. Results We created R2R, a computer program that facilitates the generation of aesthetic and readable drawings of RNA consensus diagrams in a fraction of the time required with general-purpose drawing programs. Since the inference of a consensus RNA structure typically requires a multiple-sequence alignment, the R2R user annotates the alignment with commands directing the layout and annotation of the RNA. R2R creates SVG or PDF output that can be imported into Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDRAW. R2R can be used to create consensus sequence and secondary structure models for novel RNA structures or to revise models when new representatives for known RNA classes become available. Although R2R does not currently have a graphical user interface, it has proven useful in our efforts to create 100 schematic models of distinct noncoding RNA classes. Conclusions R2R makes it possible to obtain high-quality drawings of the consensus sequence and structural models of many diverse RNA structures with a more practical amount of effort. R2R software is available at http://breaker.research.yale.edu/R2R and as an Additional file.

R2R - software to speed the depiction of aesthetic consensus RNA secondary structures

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background With continuing identification of novel structured noncoding RNAs, there is an increasing need to create schematic diagrams showing the consensus features of these molecules. RNA structural diagrams are typically made either with general-purpose drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator, or with automated or interactive programs specific to RNA. Unfortunately, the use of applications like Illustrator is extremely time consuming, while existing RNA-specific programs produce figures that are useful, but usually not of the same aesthetic quality as those produced at great cost in Illustrator. Additionally, most existing RNA-specific applications are designed for drawing single RNA molecules, not consensus diagrams. Results We created R2R, a computer program that facilitates the generation of aesthetic and readable drawings of RNA consensus diagrams in a fraction of the time required with general-purpose drawing programs. Since the inference of a consensus RNA structure typically requires a multiple-sequence alignment, the R2R user annotates the alignment with commands directing the layout and annotation of the RNA. R2R creates SVG or PDF output that can be imported into Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDRAW. R2R can be used to create consensus sequence and secondary structure models for novel RNA structures or to revise models when new representatives for known RNA classes become available. Although R2R does not currently have a graphical user interface, it has proven useful in our efforts to create 100 schematic models of distinct noncoding RNA classes. Conclusions R2R makes it possible to obtain high-quality drawings of the consensus sequence and structural models of many diverse RNA structures with a more practical amount of effort. R2R software is available at http://breaker.research.yale.edu/R2R and as an Additional file. PMID:21205310

R2R--software to speed the depiction of aesthetic consensus RNA secondary structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Weinberg, Zasha; Breaker, Ronald R

2011-01-04

With continuing identification of novel structured noncoding RNAs, there is an increasing need to create schematic diagrams showing the consensus features of these molecules. RNA structural diagrams are typically made either with general-purpose drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator, or with automated or interactive programs specific to RNA. Unfortunately, the use of applications like Illustrator is extremely time consuming, while existing RNA-specific programs produce figures that are useful, but usually not of the same aesthetic quality as those produced at great cost in Illustrator. Additionally, most existing RNA-specific applications are designed for drawing single RNA molecules, not consensus diagrams. We created R2R, a computer program that facilitates the generation of aesthetic and readable drawings of RNA consensus diagrams in a fraction of the time required with general-purpose drawing programs. Since the inference of a consensus RNA structure typically requires a multiple-sequence alignment, the R2R user annotates the alignment with commands directing the layout and annotation of the RNA. R2R creates SVG or PDF output that can be imported into Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape or CorelDRAW. R2R can be used to create consensus sequence and secondary structure models for novel RNA structures or to revise models when new representatives for known RNA classes become available. Although R2R does not currently have a graphical user interface, it has proven useful in our efforts to create 100 schematic models of distinct noncoding RNA classes. R2R makes it possible to obtain high-quality drawings of the consensus sequence and structural models of many diverse RNA structures with a more practical amount of effort. R2R software is available at http://breaker.research.yale.edu/R2R and as an Additional file.

Study of rNIS as a reporter gene monitoring rBMSC transplanted to rat myocardium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Shou; Lan Xiaoli; Cao Wei; Cao Guoxiang; Zhang Guopeng; Zhang Binqing; Wu Tao; Chang Wei; Zhang Yongxue

2010-01-01

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of rat sodium/iodide symporter (rNIS) as a reporter gene monitoring rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells (rBMSC) transplanted to rat myocardium in vivo. Methods: Recombinated adenovirus vector was constructed by rNIS/enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) (Ad-rNIS/EGFP). rBMSC transfected by Ad-rNIS/EGFP were studied using fluorescence microscope. Fifteen rats were transplanted with rBMSC and randomly divided into three groups: rNIS group (with rNIS transfection), blocked group (with rNIS transfection) by oral intake of perchloric sodium before planar imaging (GE Millennium MPR SPECT), and control group (without rNIS transfection). All rats underwent 99 Tc m -pertechnetate planar imaging. The biological distribution of 99 Tc m -pertechnetate was studied. The expressions of rNIS gene and protein in myocardium were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, respectively. The expressions of CD 29 , CD 44 , CD 90 , CD 11 b, CD 34 and CD 45 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: rBMSC transfected by Ad-rNIS/EGFP showed EGFP expression under fluorescence microscope. The transplanted rat myocardium could be visualized on 99 Tc m -pertechnetate planar imaging in rNIS group. The relative uptake ratio (R heart /R hmb , RUR) was 6.7 ±0.4. RUR in control group (3.0 ±0.2) was lower than that in rNIS group (t =2.78, P=0.03). The percentage injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) of the transplanted myocardium was 60.2 ± 20.8 in rNIS group, which was higher than that (2.5 ± 0.4) % ID/g of control group ( t = 7.13, P 29 , CD 44 and CD 90 were positive, CD 45 and CD 45 negative CD 11 b mildly positive in the myocardium transplanted with infective rBMSC. Conclusion: rNIS can efficiently monitor rBMSC transplanted to rat myocardium. (authors)

Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): Standards and Semantics for Open Access to Research Data

Science.gov (United States)

Arko, Robert; Carbotte, Suzanne; Chandler, Cynthia; Smith, Shawn; Stocks, Karen

2015-04-01

In recent years, a growing number of funding agencies and professional societies have issued policies calling for open access to research data. The Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program is working to ensure open access to the environmental sensor data routinely acquired by the U.S. academic research fleet. Currently 25 vessels deliver 7 terabytes of data to R2R each year, acquired from a suite of geophysical, oceanographic, meteorological, and navigational sensors on over 400 cruises worldwide. R2R is working to ensure these data are preserved in trusted repositories, discoverable via standard protocols, and adequately documented for reuse. R2R maintains a master catalog of cruises for the U.S. academic research fleet, currently holding essential documentation for over 3,800 expeditions including vessel and cruise identifiers, start/end dates and ports, project titles and funding awards, science parties, dataset inventories with instrument types and file formats, data quality assessments, and links to related content at other repositories. A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is published for 1) each cruise, 2) each original field sensor dataset, 3) each post-field data product such as quality-controlled shiptrack navigation produced by the R2R program, and 4) each document such as a cruise report submitted by the science party. Scientists are linked to personal identifiers, such as the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), where known. Using standard global identifiers such as DOIs and ORCIDs facilitates linking with journal publications and generation of citation metrics. Since its inception, the R2R program has worked in close collaboration with other data repositories in the development of shared semantics for oceanographic research. The R2R cruise catalog uses community-standard terms and definitions hosted by the NERC Vocabulary Server, and publishes ISO metadata records for each cruise that use community-standard profiles developed with the NOAA Data

Acoplamiento molecular y actividad antibacteriana de las tioureas (R,R-N,N´-bis(1-ciclohexiletiltiourea y (R,R-N,N´-bis(1-feniletiltiourea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabían Martínez Flores

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Las tioureas, son compuestos resultantes de sustituir el átomo de oxígeno de la urea (NH2CONH2 por un átomo de azufre (NH2CSNH2. Actualmente se ha visto que las tioureas presentan diversas actividades biológicas, dentro de las que se encuentra la antimicrobiana. En el presente estudio se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana mediante acoplamiento molecular entre la enzima DNA girasa (receptor y las tioureas (R, R-N,N´-bis(1 ciclohexiletiltiourea (CYTU1 y (R,R-N,N´-bis(1-feniletiltiourea (CYTU2 como ligando en busca del posible mecanismo de acción de estos compuestos, los resultados muestran que existe interacción entre la enzima y ambas tioureas en el sitio activo. Por otro lado, también se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana frente a cepas de Sthapylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas fluorescens, mediante el método de microdilución en caldo con la adición de bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazolil-2,5-difeniltetrazolium (MTT, como parte del ensayo de viabilidad, mostrando una disminución de la misma sólo contra las bacterias gram negativas, siendo la tiourea CYTU2 la que mostró mejor actividad antibacteriana. Molecular docking and antibacterial activity thioureas (R,R-N,N´-bis(1-cyclohexyethylthiourea and (R,R-N,N´-bis(1-phenylethylthiourea Abstract Thioureas are resultant compounds of substitute the oxygen atom from urea (NH2CONH2 for a sulfur atom (NH2CSNH2. There are evidential that show the biological activity of thioureas, within which are antibacterial activity. We studied the antibacterial activity of two thioureas (R,R-N,N´-bis(1 cyclohexylethylthiourea (CYTU1 y (R,R-N,N´-bis(1 phenylethylthiourea (CYTU2 in silico using Molecular Docking between the DNA gyrase enzyme (receptor and the two thioureas (ligand. The results showed interaction between DNA girase and both thioureas on the pocket of the enzyme. By other hand, the biological activity was evaluated against the following bacterial strains: Sthapylococcus

Atropisomeric property of 1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-3-[(2R)-amino-2-phenethyl]-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyluracil.

Science.gov (United States)

Tucci, Fabio C; Hu, Tao; Mesleh, Michael F; Bokser, Allan; Allsopp, Eric; Gross, Timothy D; Guo, Zhiqiang; Zhu, Yun-Fei; Struthers, R Scott; Ling, Nicholas; Chen, Chen

2005-11-01

1-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)-3-[(2R)-amino-2-phenethyl]-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyluracil (6), a potent and orally active antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, exists as a pair of atropisomers in solution, which was detected by NMR spectroscopy, and separable by HPLC. In addition to a (R)-configured benzylamine, there is a second stereogenic element due to the presence of a chiral axis between the substituted 5-phenyl group and the uracil core. The rate constant of the interconversion (k = 5.07 x 10(-5) s(-1)) of these two atropisomers was determined by proton NMR analysis of a diastereoisomer-enriched sample in aqueous solution at 25 degrees C, and the corresponding Gibbs free energy DeltaG(#) of rotation barrier (97.4 kJ mol(-1)) was calculated using the Eyring equation. The diastereoisomer half-life at physiological temperature (37 degrees C) in aqueous media was estimated to be about 46 min. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

R2R Eventlogger: Community-wide Recording of Oceanographic Cruise Science Events

Science.gov (United States)

Maffei, A. R.; Chandler, C. L.; Stolp, L.; Lerner, S.; Avery, J.; Thiel, T.

2012-12-01

Methods used by researchers to track science events during a science research cruise - and to note when and where these occur - varies widely. Handwritten notebooks, printed forms, watch-keeper logbooks, data-logging software, and customized software have all been employed. The quality of scientific results is affected by the consistency and care with which such events are recorded and integration of multi-cruise results is hampered because recording methods vary widely from cruise to cruise. The Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program has developed an Eventlogger system that will eventually be deployed on most vessels in the academic research fleet. It is based on the open software package called ELOG (http://midas.psi.ch/elog/) originally authored by Stefan Ritt and enhanced by our team. Lessons have been learned in its development and use on several research cruises. We have worked hard to find approaches that encourage cruise participants to use tools like the eventlogger. We examine these lessons and several eventlogger datasets from past cruises. We further describe how the R2R Science Eventlogger works in concert with the other R2R program elements to help coordinate research vessels into a coordinated mobile observing fleet. Making use of data collected on different research cruises is enabled by adopting common ways of describing science events, the science instruments employed, the data collected, etc. The use of controlled vocabularies and the practice of mapping these local vocabularies to accepted oceanographic community vocabularies helps to bind shipboard research events from different cruises into a more cohesive set of fleet-wide events that can be queried and examined in a cross-cruise manner. Examples of the use of the eventlogger during multi-cruise oceanographic research programs along with examples of resultant eventlogger data will be presented. Additionally we will highlight the importance of vocabulary use strategies to the success of the

Insilico study of the A(2A)R-D (2)R kinetics and interfacial contact surface for heteromerization.

Science.gov (United States)

Prakash, Amresh; Luthra, Pratibha Mehta

2012-10-01

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors. The dynamic property of receptor-receptor interactions in GPCRs modulates the kinetics of G-protein signaling and stability. In the present work, the structural and dynamic study of A(2A)R-D(2)R interactions was carried to acquire the understanding of the A(2A)R-D(2)R receptor activation and deactivation process, facilitating the design of novel drugs and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. The structure-based features (Alpha, Beta, SurfAlpha, and SurfBeta; GapIndex, Leakiness and Gap Volume) and slow mode model (ENM) facilitated the prediction of kinetics (K (off), K (on), and K (d)) of A(2A)R-D(2)R interactions. The results demonstrated the correlation coefficient 0.294 for K (d) and K (on) and the correlation coefficient 0.635 for K (d) and K (off), and indicated stable interfacial contacts in the formation of heterodimer. The coulombic interaction involving the C-terminal tails of the A(2A)R and intracellular loops (ICLs) of D(2)R led to the formation of interfacial contacts between A(2A)R-D(2)R. The properties of structural dynamics, ENM and KFC server-based hot-spot analysis illustrated the stoichiometry of A(2A)R-D(2)R contact interfaces as dimer. The propensity of amino acid residues involved in A(2A)R-D(2)R interaction revealed the presence of positively (R, H and K) and negatively (E and D) charged structural motif of TMs and ICL3 of A(2A)R and D(2)R at interface of dimer contact. Essentially, in silico structural and dynamic study of A(2A)R-D(2)R interactions will provide the basic understanding of the A(2A)R-D(2)R interfacial contact surface for activation and deactivation processes, and could be used as constructive model to recognize the protein-protein interactions in receptor assimilations.

76 FR 47430 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, A300 B4-600R, and A300 F4-600R Series...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-05

... Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Model A300 B4-600, A300 B4-600R, and A300 F4-600R Series Airplanes, and Model..., B4-622R, F4-605R, F4-622R, and C4-605R Variant F airplanes; and Model A310-203, -204, -221, -222...

The Onion (Allium cepa L.) R2R3-MYB Gene MYB1 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Science.gov (United States)

Schwinn, Kathy E.; Ngo, Hanh; Kenel, Fernand; Brummell, David A.; Albert, Nick W.; McCallum, John A.; Pither-Joyce, Meeghan; Crowhurst, Ross N.; Eady, Colin; Davies, Kevin M.

2016-01-01

Bulb color is an important consumer trait for onion (Allium cepa L., Allioideae, Asparagales). The bulbs accumulate a range of flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins (red), flavonols (pale yellow), and chalcones (bright yellow). Flavonoid regulation is poorly characterized in onion and in other plants belonging to the Asparagales, despite being a major plant order containing many important crop and ornamental species. R2R3-MYB transcription factors associated with the regulation of distinct branches of the flavonoid pathway were isolated from onion. These belonged to sub-groups (SGs) that commonly activate anthocyanin (SG6, MYB1) or flavonol (SG7, MYB29) production, or repress phenylpropanoid/flavonoid synthesis (SG4, MYB4, MYB5). MYB1 was demonstrated to be a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis by the induction of anthocyanin production in onion tissue when transiently overexpressed and by reduction of pigmentation when transiently repressed via RNAi. Furthermore, ectopic red pigmentation was observed in garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants stably transformed with a construct for co-overexpression of MYB1 and a bHLH partner. MYB1 also was able to complement the acyanic petal phenotype of a defined R2R3-MYB anthocyanin mutant in Antirrhinum majus of the asterid clade of eudicots. The availability of sequence information for flavonoid-related MYBs from onion enabled phylogenetic groupings to be determined across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, including the identification of characteristic amino acid motifs. This analysis suggests that divergent evolution of the R2R3-MYB family has occurred between Poaceae/Orchidaceae and Allioideae species. The DNA sequences identified will be valuable for future analysis of classical flavonoid genetic loci in Allium crops and will assist the breeding of these important crop species. PMID:28018399

The onion (Allium cepa L. R2R3-MYB gene MYB1 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kathy Schwinn

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Bulb colour is an important consumer trait for onion (Allium cepa L., Allioideae, Asparagales. The bulbs accumulate a range of flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins (red, flavonols (pale yellow and chalcones (bright yellow. Flavonoid regulation is poorly characterised in onion and in other plants belonging to the Asparagales, despite being a major plant order containing many important crop and ornamental species. R2R3-MYB transcription factors associated with the regulation of distinct branches of the flavonoid pathway were isolated from onion. These belonged to sub-groups (SGs that commonly activate anthocyanin (SG6, MYB1 or flavonol (SG7, MYB29 production, or repress phenylpropanoid/flavonoid synthesis (SG4, MYB4, MYB5. MYB1 was demonstrated to be a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis by the induction of anthocyanin production in onion tissue when transiently overexpressd and by reduction of pigmentation when transiently repressed via RNAi. Furthermore, ectopic red pigmentation was observed in garlic (A. sativum L. plants stably transformed with a construct for co-overexpression of MYB1 and a bHLH partner. MYB1 also was able to complement the acyanic petal phenotype of a defined R2R3-MYB anthocyanin mutant in Antirrhinum majus of the asterid clade of eudicots. The availability of sequence information for flavonoid-related MYBs from onion enabled phylogenetic groupings to be determined across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, including the identification of characteristic amino acid motifs. This analysis suggests that divergent evolution of the R2R3-MYB family has occurred between Poaceae/Orchidaceae and Allioideae species. The DNA sequences identified will be valuable for future analysis of classical flavonoid genetic loci in Allium crops and will assist the breeding of these important crop species.

The Onion (Allium cepa L.) R2R3-MYB Gene MYB1 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwinn, Kathy E; Ngo, Hanh; Kenel, Fernand; Brummell, David A; Albert, Nick W; McCallum, John A; Pither-Joyce, Meeghan; Crowhurst, Ross N; Eady, Colin; Davies, Kevin M

2016-01-01

Bulb color is an important consumer trait for onion ( Allium cepa L., Allioideae, Asparagales). The bulbs accumulate a range of flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins (red), flavonols (pale yellow), and chalcones (bright yellow). Flavonoid regulation is poorly characterized in onion and in other plants belonging to the Asparagales, despite being a major plant order containing many important crop and ornamental species. R2R3-MYB transcription factors associated with the regulation of distinct branches of the flavonoid pathway were isolated from onion. These belonged to sub-groups (SGs) that commonly activate anthocyanin (SG6, MYB1) or flavonol (SG7, MYB29) production, or repress phenylpropanoid/flavonoid synthesis (SG4, MYB4, MYB5). MYB1 was demonstrated to be a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis by the induction of anthocyanin production in onion tissue when transiently overexpressed and by reduction of pigmentation when transiently repressed via RNAi. Furthermore, ectopic red pigmentation was observed in garlic ( Allium sativum L.) plants stably transformed with a construct for co-overexpression of MYB1 and a bHLH partner. MYB1 also was able to complement the acyanic petal phenotype of a defined R2R3-MYB anthocyanin mutant in Antirrhinum maju s of the asterid clade of eudicots. The availability of sequence information for flavonoid-related MYBs from onion enabled phylogenetic groupings to be determined across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species, including the identification of characteristic amino acid motifs. This analysis suggests that divergent evolution of the R2R3-MYB family has occurred between Poaceae/Orchidaceae and Allioideae species. The DNA sequences identified will be valuable for future analysis of classical flavonoid genetic loci in Allium crops and will assist the breeding of these important crop species.

R{sup 2} supergravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferrara, Sergio [Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,CH 1211, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati,Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati (Italy); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Kehagias, Alex [Physics Division, National Technical University of Athens,15780 Zografou, Athens (Greece); Porrati, Massimo [Physics Department, Theory Unit, CERN,CH 1211, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); CCPP, Department of Physics,NYU 4 Washington Pl. New York NY 10003 (United States)

2015-08-03

We formulate R{sup 2} pure supergravity as a scale invariant theory built only in terms of superfields describing the geometry of curved superspace. The standard supergravity duals are obtained in both “old' and “new' minimal formulations of auxiliary fields. These theories have massless fields in de Sitter space as they do in their non supersymmetric counterpart. Remarkably, the dual theory of R{sup 2} supergravity in the new minimal formulation is an extension of the Freedman model, describing a massless gauge field and a massless chiral multiplet in de Sitter space, with inverse radius proportional to the Fayet-Iliopoulos term. This model can be interpreted as the “de-Higgsed' phase of the dual companion theory of R+R{sup 2} supergravity.

Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of (2RS,4R)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

Science.gov (United States)

Muche, Simon; Müller, Matthias; Hołyńska, Małgorzata

2018-03-01

The condensation reaction of ortho-vanillin and L-cysteine leads to formation of a racemic mixture of (2RS,4R)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and not, as reported in the available literature, to a Schiff base. The racemic mixture was fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction. Addition of ZnCl2 led to formation of crystals in form of colorless needles, suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. The measured crystals were identified as the diastereomer (2R,4R)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 1. The bulk material is racemic. Thiazolidine exists as zwitterion in solid state, as indicated by the crystal structure.

Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): Products and Services for the U.S. Research Fleet Community

Science.gov (United States)

Arko, R. A.; Carbotte, S. M.; Chandler, C. L.; Smith, S. R.; Stocks, K. I.

2016-02-01

The Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program is working to ensure open access to environmental sensor data routinely acquired by the U.S. academic research fleet. Currently 25 vessels deliver 7 TB/year of data to R2R from a suite of geophysical, oceanographic, meteorological, and navigational sensors on over 400 cruises worldwide. R2R ensures these data are preserved in trusted repositories, discoverable via standard protocols, and adequately documented for reuse. R2R has recently expanded to include the vessels Sikuliaq, operated by the University of Alaska; Falkor, operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute; and Ronald H. Brown and Okeanos Explorer, operated by NOAA. R2R maintains a master catalog of U.S. research cruises, currently holding over 4,670 expeditions including vessel and cruise identifiers, start/end dates and ports, project titles and funding awards, science parties, dataset inventories with instrument types and file formats, data quality assessments, and links to related content at other repositories. Standard post-field cruise products are published including shiptrack navigation, near-real-time MET/TSG data, underway geophysical profiles, and CTD profiles. Software tools available to users include the R2R Event Logger and the R2R Nav Manager. A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is published for each cruise, original field sensor dataset, standard post-field product, and document (e.g. cruise report) submitted by the science party. Scientists are linked to personal identifiers such as ORCIDs where available. Using standard identifiers such as DOIs and ORCIDs facilitates linking with journal publications and generation of citation metrics. R2R collaborates in the Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP) to strengthen links among regional and national data systems, populates U.S. cruises in the POGO global catalog, and is working toward membership in the DataONE alliance. It is a lead partner in the EarthCube GeoLink project, developing Semantic Web

Decreased Expression of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in CD4+ T Cells and Peripheral Blood from Tuberculosis Patients

Science.gov (United States)

Schattling, Stefanie; Kohns, Malte; Sander-Jülch, Claudia; Walzl, Gerhard; Hesseling, Anneke; Mayatepek, Ertan; Fleischer, Bernhard; Marx, Florian M.; Jacobsen, Marc

2013-01-01

The vast majority of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infected individuals are protected from developing tuberculosis and T cells are centrally involved in this process. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate T-cell functions and are biomarker candidates of disease susceptibility and treatment efficacy in M. tuberculosis infection. We determined the expression profile of 29 selected miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from tuberculosis patients and contacts with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These analyses showed lower expression of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in CD4+ T cells from tuberculosis patients. Whole blood miRNA candidate analyses verified decreased expression of miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in children with tuberculosis as compared to healthy children with LTBI. Despite marked variances between individual donor samples, trends of increased miRNA candidate expression during treatment and recovery were observed. Functional in vitro analysis identified increased miR-21 and decreased miR-26a expression after re-stimulation of T cells. In vitro polarized Interleukin-17 positive T-cell clones showed activation-dependent miR-29a up-regulation. In order to characterize the role of miR-29a (a described suppressor of Interferon-γ in tuberculosis), we analyzed M. tuberculosis specific Interferon-γ expressing T cells in children with tuberculosis and healthy contacts but detected no correlation between miR-29a and Interferon-γ expression. Suppression of miR-29a in primary human T cells by antagomirs indicated no effect on Interferon-γ expression after in vitro activation. Finally, classification of miRNA targets revealed only a moderate overlap between the candidates. This may reflect differential roles of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in T-cell immunity against M. tuberculosis infection and disease. PMID:23613882

miR319, miR390, and miR393 Are Involved in Aluminum Response in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Dmitriev, Alexey A; Kudryavtseva, Anna V; Bolsheva, Nadezhda L; Zyablitsin, Alexander V; Rozhmina, Tatiana A; Kishlyan, Natalya V; Krasnov, George S; Speranskaya, Anna S; Krinitsina, Anastasia A; Sadritdinova, Asiya F; Snezhkina, Anastasiya V; Fedorova, Maria S; Yurkevich, Olga Yu; Muravenko, Olga V; Belenikin, Maxim S; Melnikova, Nataliya V

2017-01-01

Acid soils limit agricultural production worldwide. Major reason of crop losses in acid soils is the toxicity of aluminum (Al). In the present work, we investigated expression alterations of microRNAs in flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) plants under Al stress. Flax seedlings of resistant (TMP1919 and G1071/4_k) and sensitive (Lira and G1071/4_o) to Al cultivars and lines were exposed to AlCl 3 solution for 4 and 24 hours. Twelve small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced using Illumina platform. In total, 97 microRNAs from 18 conserved families were identified. miR319, miR390, and miR393 revealed expression alterations associated with Al treatment of flax plants. Moreover, for miR390 and miR393, the alterations were distinct in sensitive and resistant to Al genotypes. Expression level changes of miR319 and miR390 were confirmed using qPCR analysis. In flax, potential targets of miR319 are TCPs, miR390-TAS3 and GRF5, and miR393-AFB2-coding transcripts. TCPs, TAS3, GRF5, and AFB2 participate in regulation of plant growth and development. The involvement of miR319, miR390, and miR393 in response to Al stress in flax was shown here for the first time. We speculate that these microRNAs play an important role in Al response via regulation of growth processes in flax plants.

Synthesis and Characterization of (η5-C5Me5)2Ti(R)Cl (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, CH=CH2, Ph, O-n-Pr) and Their Salt Metathesis Reactions. Thermal Decomposition Pathways of (η5-C5Me5)2Ti(Me)R' (R' = Et, CH=CH2, Ph, CH2Ph)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Luinstra, Gerrit A.; Teuben, Jan H.

1992-01-01

Complexes Cp*2Ti(R)Cl (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; R = Me (1), Et (2), n-Pr (3), CH=CH2 (41, Ph (5), O-n-Pr (6)) have been prepared by oxidation of Cp*2TiR with lead dichloride. Not every compound Cp*2Ti(R)Cl was accessible and for R = CH2CMe3 and CH2Ph reduction to Cp*2TiCl and R· was observed. Homolysis of

76 FR 72869 - Proposed Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R-5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-28

...-0117; Airspace Docket No. 09-AGL-31] Proposed Establishment of Restricted Areas R-5402, R-5403A, R- 5403B, R-5403C, R-5403D, R-5403E, and R-5403F; Devils Lake, ND AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... Camp Grafton Range, the existing R-5401 restricted area surrounding the range is inadequate to satisfy...

Total synthesis of (3S, 5R, 3'S, 5'R)-capsorubin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frederico, Daniel; Constantino, Mauricio G.; Donate, Paulo M.

2009-01-01

The total synthesis of enantiomerically enriched (3S, 5R, 3'S, 5'R)-capsorubin (1) by aldol condensation of (1R, 4S)-1-(4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethyl-cyclopentyl)ethanone (2a) and crocetindial (3) is described. An alternative, short eight-step synthesis of the optically active compound 2a (ee 89%) is also reported. (author)

New effective coupled F((4)R, φ) modified gravity from f((5)R) gravity in five dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Madriz Aguilar, Jose Edgar

2015-01-01

Using some ideas of the Wesson induced matter theory, we obtain a new kind of F( (4) R, φ) modified gravity theory as an effective four-dimensional (4D) theory derived from f( (5) R) gravity in five dimensions (5D). This new theory exhibits a different matter coupling than the one in BBHL theory. We show that the field equations of the Wesson induced matter theory and of some brane-world scenarios can be obtained as maximally symmetric solutions of the same f( (5) R) theory. We found criteria for the Dolgov-Kawasaki instabilities for both the f( (5) R) and the F( (4) R, φ) theories. We demonstrate that under certain conditions imposed on the 5D geometry it is possible to interpret the F( (4) R, φ) theory as a modified gravity theory with dynamical coefficients, making this new theory a viable candidate to address the present accelerating cosmic expansion issue. Matter sources in the F( (4) R, φ) case appear induced by the 5D geometry without the necessity of the introduction of matter sources in 5D. (orig.)

Progressive Impairment of Lactate-based Gluconeogenesis in the Huntington's Disease Mouse Model R6/2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Signe Marie Borch; Hasholt, Lis; Nørremølle, Anne

2015-01-01

of impairment of lactate-based hepatic gluconeogenesis in the transgenic HD mouse model R6/2 and determine that the defect manifests very early and progresses in severity with disease development, indicating a potential to explore this defect in a biomarker context. Moreover, R6/2 animals displayed lower blood...

System performance with R407A, R407B, R407C compared to R22

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Hans Jørgen Høgaard

1997-01-01

both the cooling capacity and COP are smaller then the cooling capacity and COP with R22. The cooling capacity for R407A and R407B is lower than the capacity for R22 for brine temperatures less than 0 C and higher then the cooling capacity for R22 for brine temperatures higher than 0 C. The COP for R......407A and R407B er lower than the COP for R22.The volumetric and isentropic efficiency of the compressor are with mixture higher than the volumetric and isentropic efficiency with R22.......The article presents the results obtained by substituting R22 with mixture of R32/R125/R134A (R407A, R407B and R407C) in an existing refrigeration plant. Cooling capacity, coefficient of performance and heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator have been measured.The results show that for R407C...

Optically active antifungal azoles. XII. Synthesis and antifungal activity of the water-soluble prodrugs of 1-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-[4-(1H-1-tetrazolyl)phenyl]-2-imidazolidinone.

Science.gov (United States)

Ichikawa, T; Kitazaki, T; Matsushita, Y; Yamada, M; Hayashi, R; Yamaguchi, M; Kiyota, Y; Okonogi, K; Itoh, K

2001-09-01

1-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-[4-(1H-1-tetrazolyl)phenyl]-2-imidazolidinone (1: TAK-456) was selected as a candidate for clinical trials, but since its water-solubility was insufficient for an injectable formulation, the quaternary triazolium salts 2 were designed as water-soluble prodrugs. Among the prodrugs prepared, 4-acetoxymethyl-1-[(2R,3R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-[2-oxo-3-[4-(1H-1-terazolyl)phenyl]-1-imidazolidinyl]butyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazolium chloride (2a: TAK-457) was selected as an injectable candidate for clinical trials based on the results of evaluations on solubility, stability, hemolytic effect and in vivo antifungal activities.

Wormholes in R{sup 2}-gravity within the f(R, T) formalism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahoo, P.K.; Sahoo, Parbati [Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Department of Mathematics, Hyderabad (India); Moraes, P.H.R.S. [ITA-Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica, Departamento de Fisica, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2018-01-15

We propose, as a novelty in the literature, the modeling of wormholes within a particular case of f(R, T) gravity, namely f(R, T) = R + αR{sup 2} + λT, with R and T being the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively, while α and λ are constants. Although such a functional form application can be found in the literature, those concern compact astrophysical objects, such that no wormhole analysis has been done so far. The quadratic geometric and linear material corrections of this theory render the matter content of the wormhole remarkably able to obey the energy conditions. (orig.)

Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of (S,S)- and (R,R)-secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDGs)

OpenAIRE

Mishra, Om P.; Simmons, Nicholas; Tyagi, Sonia; Pietrofesa, Ralph; Shuvaev, Vladimir V.; Valiulin, Roman A.; Heretsch, Philipp; Nicolaou, K. C.; Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo

2013-01-01

Secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDGs) (S,S)-SDG-1 (major isomer in flaxseed) and (R,R)-SDG-2 (minor isomer in flaxseed) were synthesized from vanillin via secoisolariciresinol (6) and glucosyl donor 7 through a concise route that involved chromatographic separation of diastereomeric diglucoside derivatives (S,S)-8 and (R,R)-9. Synthetic (S,S)-SDG-1 and (R,R)-SDG-2 exhibited potent antioxidant properties (EC50 = 292.17 ± 27.71 μM and 331.94 ± 21.21 μM, respectively) which compared well with...

Members of Bitter Taste Receptor Cluster Tas2r143/Tas2r135/Tas2r126 Are Expressed in the Epithelium of Murine Airways and Other Non-gustatory Tissues

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shuya Liu

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The mouse bitter taste receptors Tas2r143, Tas2r135, and Tas2r126 are encoded by genes that cluster on chromosome 6 and have been suggested to be expressed under common regulatory elements. Previous studies indicated that the Tas2r143/Tas2r135/Tas2r126 cluster is expressed in the heart, but other organs had not been systematically analyzed. In order to investigate the expression of this bitter taste receptor gene cluster in non-gustatory tissues, we generated a BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome based transgenic mouse line, expressing CreERT2 under the control of the Tas2r143 promoter. After crossing this line with a mouse line expressing EGFP after Cre-mediated recombination, we were able to validate the Tas2r143-CreERT2 transgenic mouse line and monitor the expression of Tas2r143. EGFP-positive cells, indicating expression of members of the cluster, were found in about 47% of taste buds, and could also be found in several other organs. A population of EGFP-positive cells was identified in thymic epithelial cells, in the lamina propria of the intestine and in vascular smooth muscle cells of cardiac blood vessels. EGFP-positive cells were also identified in the epithelium of organs readily exposed to pathogens including lower airways, the gastrointestinal tract, urethra, vagina, and cervix. With respect to the function of cells expressing this bitter taste receptor cluster, RNA-seq analysis in EGFP-positive cells isolated from the epithelium of trachea and stomach showed expression of genes related to innate immunity. These data further support the concept that bitter taste receptors serve functions outside the gustatory system.

Synthesis and biological characterization of (3R,4R)-4-(2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl)-1-((R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-piperidin-3-ol and its stereoisomers for activity toward monoamine transporters.

Science.gov (United States)

Kharkar, Prashant S; Batman, Angela M; Zhen, Juan; Beardsley, Patrick M; Reith, Maarten E A; Dutta, Aloke K

2009-07-01

A novel series of optically active molecules based on a 4-(2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl)-1-((R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-piperidin-3-ol template were developed. Depending on stereochemistry, the compounds exhibit various degrees of affinity for three dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters. These molecules have the potential for treating several neurological disorders such as drug abuse, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of asymmetric 4-(2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl)-1-((R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-piperidin-3-ol-based dihydroxy compounds in which the hydroxy groups are located on both the piperidine ring and the N-phenylethyl side chain. In vitro uptake inhibition data of these molecules indicate high affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT) in addition to moderate to high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). Interestingly, compounds 9 b and 9 d exhibit affinities for all three monoamine transporters, with highest potency at DAT and NET, and moderate potency at the serotonin transporter (SERT) (K(i): 2.29, 78.4, and 155 nM for 9 b and 1.55, 14.1, and 259 nM for 9 d, respectively). Selected compounds 9 a, 9 d, and 9 d' were tested for their locomotor activity effects in mice and for their ability to occasion the cocaine-discriminative stimulus in rats. These test compounds generally exhibit a much longer duration of action than cocaine for elevating locomotor activity, and completely generalize the cocaine-discriminative stimulus in a dose-dependent manner.

System performance with R407A, R407B, R407C compared to R22

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Hans Jørgen Høgaard

1997-01-01

been determined.The results show that for R407C both the cooling capacity and the COP are smaller than the cooling capacity and COP for R22. The cooling capacity for R407A and for R407B is lower then the cooling capacity for R22 for brine temperatures less than 0 C and higher than the capacity for R22...... for brine temperatures higher than 0 C. The COP for R407A and 407B are lower than the COP for R22.The volumetriv and isentropic efficiency of the compressor are with mixtures higher than the volumetric and isentropic efficiency with R22.......The paper presents the results obtained by substituting R22 with mixtures of R32/R124/134a (R407A, R407B and R407C) in an existing refrigeration plant. The cooling water flow and cooling water inlet temperature together with the brine flow and brine inlet temperature have been kept on a value...

Chelate-size effects on the structures, chemical behavior, properties, and catalytic activity of the new palladium(II)-allyl complexes [Pd(eta(3)-1-R-1-C3H4){FcCH=N-CH2-(CH2)(n)-NMe2}][PF6] {Fc = (eta(5)-C5H5)Fe(eta(5)-C5H4), n=2 or 1, and R-1 = h or ph}

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pérez, S.; López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardía, M.; Roig, A.; Molins, E.; van Leeuwen, P.W.N.M.; van Strijdonck, G.P.F.; Freixa, Z.

2008-01-01

The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and the study of the solution behavior of the palladium(II) allyl complexes [Pd(eta(3)-1R(1)-C3H4){FcCH=N-CH2-(CH2)(n)-NMe2}][PF6] {with Fc = (eta(5)-C5H5)Fe(eta(5)-C5H4), R-1 = H, and n = 2 (4) or 1 (5) or R-1 = Ph and n = 2 (6) or 1 (7)} are described. The

Reactivity-worth estimates of the OSMOSE samples in the MINERVE reactor R1-MOX, R2-UO2 and MORGANE/R configurations.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhong, Z.; Klann, R. T.; Nuclear Engineering Division

2007-08-03

An initial series of calculations of the reactivity-worth of the OSMOSE samples in the MINERVE reactor with the R2-UO2 and MORGANE/R core configuration were completed. The calculation model was generated using the lattice physics code DRAGON. In addition, an initial comparison of calculated values to experimental measurements was performed based on preliminary results for the R1-MOX configuration.

miR-99 inhibits cervical carcinoma cell proliferation by targeting TRIB2.

Science.gov (United States)

Xin, Jia-Xuan; Yue, Zhen; Zhang, Shuai; Jiang, Zhong-Hua; Wang, Ping-Yu; Li, You-Jie; Pang, Min; Xie, Shu-Yang

2013-10-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have significant roles in cell processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and stress responses. To investigate the involvement of miR-99 in the inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation, an miR-99 gene expression vector (pU6.1/miR-99), which overexpressed miR-99 in HeLa cells after transient transfection, was constructed. The expression of miR-99 was detected by qPCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays, as well as by electron microscopy. The results showed that overexpression of miR-99 in HeLa cells increased the HeLa cell mortality rate. Moreover, miR-99 overexpression was able to markedly inhibit HeLa cell proliferation according to the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in pU6.1/miR-99-treated cells compared with that in the control cultures. Increases in intracellular electron density, as well as the proportion of nuclear plasma, blebbing phenomena and apoptotic bodies were observed in pU6.1/miR-99-treated cells compared with control cultures according to electron microscopy analysis. The Tribbles 2 (TRIB2) 3'-untranslated region was also observed to be targeted by miR-99 and the results further demonstrated that miR-99 was able to negatively regulate TRIB2 expression in HeLa cells The results indicate that miR-99 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in HeLa cells, establishing a theoretical basis for its application in cancer therapeutics.

Association of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins rCP09720 or rCP01850 with rPLD as immunogens in caseous lymphadenitis immunoprophylaxis.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Mara Thais de Oliveira; Bezerra, Francisco Silvestre Brilhante; de Pinho, Rodrigo Barros; Begnini, Karine Rech; Seixas, Fabiana Kommling; Collares, Tiago; Portela, Ricardo Dias; Azevedo, Vasco; Dellagostin, Odir; Borsuk, Sibele

2018-01-02

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease responsible for significant economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. The treatment for this disease is not effective, and an intense vaccination schedule would be the best control strategy. In this study, we evaluated the associations of rCP09720 or rCP01850 proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with recombinant exotoxin phospholipase D (rPLD) as subunit vaccines in mice. Four experimental groups (10 animals each) were immunized with a sterile 0.9% saline solution (G1), rPLD (G2), rPLD + rCP09720 (G3), and rPLD + rCP01850 (G4). The mice received two doses of each vaccine at a 21-day interval and were challenged 21 days after the last immunization. The animals were evaluated daily for 40 days after the challenge, and mortality rate was recorded. The total IgG production level increased significantly in the experimental groups on day 42 after the first vaccination. Similarly, higher levels of specific IgG2a were observed in experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 compared to the IgG1 levels on day 42. G4 showed a significant (p < .05) humoral response against both antigens of the antigenic formulations. The cellular immune response induced by immunization was characterized by a significant (p < .05) production of interferon-γ compared to that in the control, while the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 were not significant in any group. A significant increase of tumor necrosis factor was observed only in G4. The survival rates after the challenge were 30% (rPLD), 40% (rPLD + rCP09720), and 50% (rPLD + rCP01850). Thus, the association of rCP01850 with rPLD resulted in the best protection against the challenge with C. pseudotuberculosis and induced a more intense type 1 T-helper cell immune response. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Logsdon, Naomi J.; Allen, Christopher E.; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.; Walter, Mark R. (Cornell); (UAB)

2012-02-08

Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10-family cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity in skin and other tissues. In addition to protecting the host from various external pathogens, dysregulated IL-20 signaling has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of human psoriasis. IL-20 signals through two cell-surface receptor heterodimers, IL-20R1-IL-20R2 and IL-22R1-IL-20R2. In this report, crystals of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 ternary complex have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. The crystals belonged to space group P4{sub 1}2{sub 1}2 or P4{sub 3}2{sub 1}2, with unit-cell parameters a = 111, c = 135 {angstrom}, and diffracted X-rays to 3 {angstrom} resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains one IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex, corresponding to a solvent content of approximately 54%.

Synthesis of double molybdates of copper (1) and trivalent metals, CuR(MoO4)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klevtsov, P.V.; Perepelitsa, A.P.; Sinkevich, A.V.; Ishchenko, V.N.; Fomenko, V.V.; Nagornyj, P.G.; AN SSSR, Novosibirsk. Inst. Neorganicheskoj Khimii)

1987-01-01

The method of Cu 2 O solid-phase synthesis was applied to prepare CuR(MoO 4 ) 2 in the vacuum at 480-500 deg C. Cu 2 O, R 2 O 3 and MoO 3 or R 2 '(MoO 4 ) 2 (R'=Ce, Pr, Tb) and MoO 3 were the initial components. The methods of X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy were applied to discover 5 types of compound structures. Among them only CuIn(MoO 4 ) 2 is found crystallized in the known structural type LiFe(WO 4 ) 2 (modification of tungstite structure, (Fe,Mn)WO 4 ). Thermal behaviour of double molybdates is studied thermographically

Decreased expression of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in CD4⁺ T cells and peripheral blood from tuberculosis patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Kleinsteuber, Katja; Heesch, Kerrin; Schattling, Stefanie; Kohns, Malte; Sander-Jülch, Claudia; Walzl, Gerhard; Hesseling, Anneke; Mayatepek, Ertan; Fleischer, Bernhard; Marx, Florian M; Jacobsen, Marc

2013-01-01

The vast majority of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infected individuals are protected from developing tuberculosis and T cells are centrally involved in this process. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate T-cell functions and are biomarker candidates of disease susceptibility and treatment efficacy in M. tuberculosis infection. We determined the expression profile of 29 selected miRNAs in CD4(+) T cells from tuberculosis patients and contacts with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These analyses showed lower expression of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in CD4(+) T cells from tuberculosis patients. Whole blood miRNA candidate analyses verified decreased expression of miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in children with tuberculosis as compared to healthy children with LTBI. Despite marked variances between individual donor samples, trends of increased miRNA candidate expression during treatment and recovery were observed. Functional in vitro analysis identified increased miR-21 and decreased miR-26a expression after re-stimulation of T cells. In vitro polarized Interleukin-17 positive T-cell clones showed activation-dependent miR-29a up-regulation. In order to characterize the role of miR-29a (a described suppressor of Interferon-γ in tuberculosis), we analyzed M. tuberculosis specific Interferon-γ expressing T cells in children with tuberculosis and healthy contacts but detected no correlation between miR-29a and Interferon-γ expression. Suppression of miR-29a in primary human T cells by antagomirs indicated no effect on Interferon-γ expression after in vitro activation. Finally, classification of miRNA targets revealed only a moderate overlap between the candidates. This may reflect differential roles of miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, and miR-142-3p in T-cell immunity against M. tuberculosis infection and disease.

[Knockdown of PRDX6 in microglia reduces neuron viability after OGD/R injury].

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, Li; Zhao, Yong; Jiang, Beibei; Yang, Bo; Zhang, Hui

2016-08-01

Objective To observe the effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) knockdown in the microglia on neuron viability after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Methods Microglia was treated with lentivirus PRDX6-siRNA and Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) inhibitor, 1-hexadecyl-3-(trifluoroethgl)-sn-glycerol-2 phosphomethanol (MJ33). Twenty-four hours later, it was co-cultured with primary neuron to establish the microglia-neuron co-culture OGD/R model. According to the different treatment of microglia, the cells were divided into normal group, OGD/R group, negative control-siRNA treated OGD/R group, PRDX6-siRNA treated OGD/R group and PRDX6-siRNA combined with MJ33 treated OGD/R group. Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR were respectively performed to detect PRDX6 protein and mRNA levels after knockdown of PRDX6 in microglia. The iPLA2 activity was measured by ELISA. MTS and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were used to measure neuron viability and cell damage. The oxidative stress level of neuron was determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content. Results In PRDX6-siRNA group, neuron viability was inhibited and oxidative stress damage was aggravated compared with OGD/R group. In PRDX6-siRNA combined with MJ33 group, cell viability was promoted and oxidative stress damage was alleviated compared with PRDX6-siRNA group. Conclusion PRDX6 in microglia protects neuron against OGD/R-induced injury, and iPLA2 activity has an effect on PRDX6.

Synthesis, physical and chemical properties of 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinomethylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioacetic acid salts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. О. Shcherbyna

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Today’s medicine and pharmacy undoubtedly need new and effective drugs. The 1,2,4-triazole derivatives occupy a special place among the wide variety of active organic compounds. This interest is caused primarily by high biological activity of these derivatives, low toxicity and high accessibility in terms of synthesis. Thus, drugs from 1,2,4-triazoles are known and are used extensively in medicine. It is important that a sufficiently large number of scientists-synthetics are paying attention on the heterocyclic system. Although a huge amount of information in the scientific literature is devoted to the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, the 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinometylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioacetic acid salts are virtually unexplored. The purpose of the work. Synthesis and establishing of the physical and chemical parameters of new 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinometylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioacetic acid salts. Materials and methods. The study of physical and chemical properties of the obtained compounds was conducted by the methods that are listed in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0. The melting point was defined on the device which determines the melting point MPA100. The elemental composition of the compounds was found on the analyzer Elementar Vario ЕL cube (CHNS . 1H NMR specters of obtained compounds were recorded by using a spectrometer Varian Mercury VX-200 (1H, 200 MHz and decrypted by a computer program SpinWorks 3.1.8. Chromatography-mass spectral studies were conducted on the gas-liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC equipped with a mass spectrometer Agilent 6120 (ionization in electrospray (ESI. Results and discussion. As the source (starting compounds 2-((4-R-3-(morfolinometylen-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthioacetic acids (where, R = H, CH3, C2H5, C6H5, NH2 were taken. Further, by the action of ammonia hydroxide, sodium and potassium hidrogen carbonates, piperidine, morpholine, methylamine, monoethanolamine and tributylamine in

R-ES-ONANCE--IJa-nu-a-rY

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

panying poster. 1 How many of the amino acids are chiral? 2 All chiral amino acids have theL configuration; however, in the R/S nomenclature only one has the R configuration. Which one, and why? 3 Which amino acids have more than one asymmetric centre? 4 What are the two common letter-code systems used to repre-.

Crystal structure of [(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-bis(acet-yloxy)-5-iodo-3,4-di-hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]methyl acetate.

Science.gov (United States)

Zukerman-Schpector, Julio; Caracelli, Ignez; Stefani, Hélio A; Shamim, Anwar; Tiekink, Edward R T

2015-01-01

In the title compound, C12H15IO7, the 3,4-di-hydro-2H-pyran ring is in a distorted half-boat conformation with the atom bearing the acet-yloxy group adjacent to the C atom bearing the methyl-acetate group lying 0.633 (6) Å above the plane of the remaining ring atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0907 Å). In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a supra-molecular chain along the a axis through two C-H⋯O inter-actions to the same acceptor carbonyl O atom; these chains pack with no specific inter-molecular inter-actions between them.

R-744 compared to R-290 in small freezer applications; R-744 versus R-290 in kleine vriezer-toepassingen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Van Beek, M.; Janssen, M. [Re/gent, Helmond (Netherlands)

2009-04-15

An experimental and analytical comparison between R-744 (CO2) and R-290 (propane) as refrigerant for small capacity freezer applications is described. A commercially available plug-in freezer cabinet for sales of frozen foods or ice cream, fitted with an R-290 (8,1 cm{sup 3}) hermetic compressor, was retrofitted to R-744 using standard components and a state of the art R-744 compressor. The results of energy consumption and storage temperature testing on both systems are presented as well as a discussion on the system modifications required for using R-744. Both refrigerant loops are analyzed and the deviations with the thermodynamically ideal loops are discussed. The analysis is further supported by calorimetric tests of the R-744 compressor at low evaporation temperatures. Theoretical comparison of the ideal loops, using performance data from the compressors used in the experiments, shows that the R-744 circuit is 31% less efficient than the R-290 circuit, at normal operating conditions for frozen foods or ice cream. Comparison of the experimental result; from the almost fully optimized R-744 freezer with a standard R-290 freezer at an ambient temperature of 30C shows that the R-744 freezer is only 13% less efficient than the R-290 freezer at an average product temperature of 23C. The differences between the ideal and the real loops are analyzed. Finally, costs of major components of both systems are evaluated. This shows that the difference in production costs between an R-744 and an R-290 freezer is mainly driven by the compressor. [Dutch] Een experimentele en analytische vergelijking is uitgvoerd tussen R-744 (CO2) en R-290 (propaan) als koudemiddel in kleine vriezer-toepassingen. Een standaard vrieskist voor de verkoop van ijs en voorzien van een hermetische R-290 compressor is geconverteerd naar R-744, gebruikmakend van standaard componenten en een semi-hermetische R-744 compressor. De resultaten van energiegebruik- en temperatuurprestatietesten uitgevoerd

Explaining the R{sub K} and R{sub K{sup *}} anomalies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghosh, Diptimoy [Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Rehovot (Israel)

2017-10-15

Recent LHCb results on R{sub K*}, the ratio of the branching fractions of B → K*μ{sup +}μ{sup -} to that of B → K*e{sup +}e{sup -}, for the dilepton invariant mass bins q{sup 2} ≡ m{sub ll}{sup 2} = [0.045-1.1] GeV{sup 2} and [1.1-6] GeV{sup 2} show approximately 2.5σ deviations from the corresponding Standard Model prediction in each of the bins. This, when combined with the measurement of R{sub K} (q{sup 2} = [1-6] GeV{sup 2}), a similar ratio for the decay to a pseudo-scalar meson, highly suggests lepton non-universal new physics in semi-leptonic B meson decays. In this work, we perform a model independent analysis of these potential new physics signals and identify the operators that do the best job in satisfying all these measurements. We show that heavy new physics, giving rise to q{sup 2} independent local 4-Fermi operators of scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector or axial-vector type, is unable to explain all the three measurements simultaneously, in particular R{sub K*} in the bin [0.045-1.1], within their experimental 1σ regions. We point out the possibility to explain R{sub K*} in the low bin by an additional light (

Differentiation of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor subtypes using 125I-R-(-)2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-phenylisopropylamine and 3H-ketanserin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKenna, D.J.; Peroutka, S.J.

1989-01-01

The radioligand binding characteristics of 125I-R-(-)4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine [125I-R-(-)DOI] and 3H-ketanserin were compared in rat and bovine cortical membranes. In rat cortex, 125I-R-(-)DOI labels a relatively low density of binding sites (Bmax = 2.5 +/- 0.2 pmol/gm tissue) with high affinity (KD = 0.63 +/- 0.09 nM). In bovine cortex, specific binding of 125I-R-(-)DOI represents less than 20% of total binding at radioligand concentrations above 0.6 nM, and, therefore, the data cannot be analyzed adequately by Scatchard transformation. By contrast, 3H-ketanserin displays saturable, specific high-affinity binding in both rat cortex (KD = 1.0 +/- 0.1 nM; Bmax = 11 +/- 0.4 pmol/gm tissue) and bovine cortex (KD = 1.2 +/- 0.2 nM; Bmax = 5.3 +/- 0.4 pmol/gm tissue). Ki values for 30 drugs were determined for 125I-R-(-)DOI-labeled sites in rat cortex and 3H-ketanserin-labeled sites in bovine cortex. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) displays 250-fold higher selectivity for the 125I-R-(-)DOI-labeled sites (Ki = 3.0 +/- 0.7 nM) than for the 3H-ketanserin-labeled sites (Ki = 750 +/- 50 nM). Structural congeners of R-(-)DOI display 80- to 160-fold higher affinity for the 125I-R-(-)DOI binding site than for the 3H-ketanserin-labeled binding site. d-LSD and putative 5-HT2 antagonists are approximately equipotent at both sites. Significant correlations were found between drug affinities for 125I-R-(-)DOI-labeled sites in rat cortex and putative 5-HT2A sites labeled previously by 77Br-R-(-)DOB (r = 0.93, p less than 0.01), putative 5-HT2B sites labeled by 3H-ketanserin in bovine cortex (r = 0.63, p less than 0.01), and 5-HT1C binding sites that have been characterized by other investigators (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01). No significant correlations were found between drug affinities for 125I-R-(-)DOI-labeled sites in rat cortex and 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, or 5-HT3 sites, as determined by previous investigators

A Short Proof of Euler's Inequality R ≥ 2r Theorem. Let ∆ ABC be an ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

IAS Admin

A Short Proof of Euler's Inequality R ≥ 2r. Theorem. Let ∆ ABC be an arbitrary triangle with circumradius R and inradius r. Then R ≥ 2r with equality holding if and only if ∆ABC is equilateral. This was first published by Euler in 1765. Since then several proofs have followed, some geometric and some algebraic. We will use ...

Crystal structure of 2-[(3aS,6R-3,3,6-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazol-2-yl]thiazol-4(5H-one

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdellah N'ait Ousidi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C13H19N3OS, is a new thiazolidin-4-one derivative prepared and isolated as the pure (3aS,6R-diastereisomer from (R-thiosemicarbazone pulegone. It crystallized with two independent molecules (A and B in the asymmetric unit. The compound is composed of a hexhydroindazole ring system (viz. a five-membered dihydropyrazole ring fused to a cyclohexyl ring with a thiazole-4-one ring system attached to one of the pyrazole N atoms (at position 2. The overall geometry of the two molecules differs slightly, with the mean planes of the pyrazole and thiazole rings being inclined to one another by 10.4 (1° in molecule A and 0.9 (1° in molecule B. In the crystal, the A and B molecules are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the ab plane. There are C—H...π interactions present within the layers, and between the layers, so forming a three-dimensional structure.

Identification of a third protein 4.1 tumor suppressor, protein 4.1R, in meningioma pathogenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robb, Victoria A.; Li, Wen; Gascard, Philippe; Perry, Arie; Mohandas, Narla; Gutmann, David H.

2003-06-11

Meningiomas are common tumors of the central nervous system, however, the mechanisms under lying their pathogenesis are largely undefined. Two members of the Protein 4.1 super family, the neuro fibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene product (merlin/schwannomin) and Protein 4.1B have been implicated as meningioma tumor suppressors. In this report, we demonstrate that another Protein 4.1 family member, Protein 4.1R, also functions as a meningioma tumor suppressor. Based on the assignment of the Protein 4.1R gene to chromosome 1p32-36, a common region of deletion observed in meningiomas, we analyzed Protein 4.1R expression in meningioma cell lines and surgical tumor specimens. We observed loss of Protein 4.1R protein expression in two meningioma cell lines (IOMM-Lee, CH157-MN) by Western blotting as well as in 6 of 15 sporadic meningioma as by immuno histo chemistry (IHC). Analysis of a subset of these sporadic meningiomas by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a Protein 4.1R specific probe demonstrated 100 percent concordance with the IHC results. In support of a meningioma tumor suppressor function, over expression of Protein 4.1R resulted in suppression of IOMM-Lee and CH157MN cell proliferation. Similar to the Protein 4.1B and merlin meningioma tumor suppressors, Protein 4.1R localization in the membrane fraction increased significantly under conditions of growth arrest in vitro. Lastly, Protein 4.1R interacted with some known merlin/Protein 4.1B interactors such as CD44 and bII-spectrin, but did not associate with the Protein 4.1B interactors 14-3-3 and PRMT3 or the merlin binding proteins SCHIP-1 and HRS. Collectively, these results suggest that Protein 4.1R functions as an important tumor suppressor important in the molecular pathogenesis of meningioma.

R4SA for Controlling Robots

Science.gov (United States)

Aghazarian, Hrand

2009-01-01

The R4SA GUI mentioned in the immediately preceding article is a userfriendly interface for controlling one or more robot(s). This GUI makes it possible to perform meaningful real-time field experiments and research in robotics at an unmatched level of fidelity, within minutes of setup. It provides such powerful graphing modes as that of a digitizing oscilloscope that displays up to 250 variables at rates between 1 and 200 Hz. This GUI can be configured as multiple intuitive interfaces for acquisition of data, command, and control to enable rapid testing of subsystems or an entire robot system while simultaneously performing analysis of data. The R4SA software establishes an intuitive component-based design environment that can be easily reconfigured for any robotic platform by creating or editing setup configuration files. The R4SA GUI enables event-driven and conditional sequencing similar to those of Mars Exploration Rover (MER) operations. It has been certified as part of the MER ground support equipment and, therefore, is allowed to be utilized in conjunction with MER flight hardware. The R4SA GUI could also be adapted to use in embedded computing systems, other than that of the MER, for commanding and real-time analysis of data.

The pKR+ values of coordinated propargyl cations [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ-η2, η3-HC≡CCR1R2)]+

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barinov, I.V.

1998-01-01

The pK R + values metal-stabilised carbocations [Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 (μ-η 2 , η 3 -HC≡CCR 1 R 2 )] + (R 1 = R 2 H, R 1 = H, R 2 = Me and R 1 = R 2 = Me) are measured in 50 % aqueous MeCN. Stability of the cations is increased on going from tertiary to primary carbocations [ru

The relevance of the M6P/IGF2R status for the tumorigenicity and invasiveness of liver and skin cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Puxbaum, V.

2010-01-01

The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R), a multifunctional membrane-associated protein, plays a central role in targeting of lysosomal enzymes and controlling of the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). In addition to intracellular sorting and endocytosis of M6P-containing ligands and IGF-II, the receptor also interacts with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen at the cell surface. M6P/IGF2R is considered a putative tumor suppressor, and its expression may modulate the invasiveness of cancer cells. Importantly, the M6P/IGF2R gene is frequently lost or mutated in a wide range of malignant tumors including hepatocellular and squamous cell carcinomas. However, the impact of the receptor on tumor invasion and metastasis is still poorly understood. FRL14 and SCC-VII cells are M6P/IGF2R deficient and thus secrete large amounts of lysosomal enzymes. Reconstitution of functional M6P/IGF2R expression restores transport of lysosomal enzymes to these compartments and drastically reduces the invasive potential of the cells. In addition, the presence of ectopic M6P/IGF2R compromises the growth of FRL14 and SCC-VII cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, M6P/IGF2R knock-down in receptor-positive MIM-1-4 hepatocytes leads to increased lysosomal enzyme secretion and enhanced invasiveness. To assess the relevance of different ligand-binding sites for the biological activities of M6P/IGF2R, several mutant forms of the receptor were stably expressed in FRL14 and SCC-VII cells. Functional M6P-binding sites proved to be important for the anti-invasive potential of M6P/IGF2R, whereas the interactions of the receptor with IGF-II and uPAR/plasminogen were found to be dispensable for its biological activities. These results suggest that the M6P/IGF2R status influences the metastatic propensity of hepatocellular and squamous cell carcinomas, and that functional M6P-binding sites are crucial for the

Multiple Copies of a Simple MYB-Binding Site Confers Trans-regulation by Specific Flavonoid-Related R2R3 MYBs in Diverse Species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cyril Brendolise

2017-10-01

Full Text Available In apple, the MYB transcription factor MYB10 controls the accumulation of anthocyanins. MYB10 is able to auto-activate its expression by binding its own promoter at a specific motif, the R1 motif. In some apple accessions a natural mutation, termed R6, has more copies of this motif within the MYB10 promoter resulting in stronger auto-activation and elevated anthocyanins. Here we show that other anthocyanin-related MYBs selected from apple, pear, strawberry, petunia, kiwifruit and Arabidopsis are able to activate promoters containing the R6 motif. To examine the specificity of this motif, members of the R2R3 MYB family were screened against a promoter harboring the R6 mutation. Only MYBs from subgroups 5 and 6 activate expression by binding the R6 motif, with these MYBs sharing conserved residues in their R2R3 DNA binding domains. Insertion of the apple R6 motif into orthologous promoters of MYB10 in pear (PcMYB10 and Arabidopsis (AtMY75 elevated anthocyanin levels. Introduction of the R6 motif into the promoter region of an anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme F3′5′H of kiwifruit imparts regulation by MYB10. This results in elevated levels of delphinidin in both tobacco and kiwifruit. Finally, an R6 motif inserted into the promoter the vitamin C biosynthesis gene GDP-L-Gal phosphorylase increases vitamin C content in a MYB10-dependent manner. This motif therefore provides a tool to re-engineer novel MYB-regulated responses in plants.

Adsorption performance of CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO nanocomposites towards organic dye

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tang, Mingyi, E-mail: mingyitjucu@163.com [Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134 (China); Li, Xichuan [School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Gao, Chunjuan [State Ocean Adm, Inst Tianjin Seawater Desalinat & Multipurpose Ut, Tianjin 300192 (China); Li, Xianxian [Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134 (China); Qiu, Haixia, E-mail: haixiaqiuls@163.com [School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2017-01-01

A facile and efficient approach was employed to synthesize CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposites. The morphology, crystal structure and properties of the prepared CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO nanocomposites were applied as adsorbents to study their adsorption performance for Congo red. The adsorption capacity and recyclability, adsorption dynamics and adsorption models were investigated. The results show that the CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO nanocomposites are efficient and recyclable adsorbents. - Highlights: • CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}/rGO was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. • As an adsorbent it showed high adsorption capacity to CR. • It was magnetically removable and has high reusability.

Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): Technical Design - Experiences and Lessons (Invited)

Science.gov (United States)

Arko, R. A.; Carbotte, S. M.; Miller, S. P.; Chandler, C. L.; Ferrini, V.; Stocks, K.; Maffei, A. R.; Smith, S. R.; Bourassa, M. A.; McLean, S. J.; Alberts, J. C.

2009-12-01

The NSF-funded Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) project envisions the academic research fleet as an integrated global observing system, with routine “underway” sensor data flowing directly from research vessels to a central shore-side repository. It is a complex endeavor involving many stakeholders - technicians at sea, data managers on shore, ship schedulers, clearance officers, funding agencies, National Data Centers, data synthesis projects, the science community, and the public - working toward a common goal of acquiring, documenting, archiving, evaluating, and disseminating high-quality scientific data. The technical design for R2R is guided by several key principles: 1) The data pipeline is modular, so that initial stages (e.g. inventory and review of data shipments, posting of catalog records and track maps) may proceed routinely for every cruise, while later stages (e.g. quality assessment and production of file-level metadata) may proceed at different rates for different data types; 2) Cruise documentation (e.g. sailing orders, review/release of data inventories, vessel profiles) is gathered primarily via an authenticated Web portal, linked with the UNOLS scheduling database to synchronize vocabularies and eliminate redundancies; and 3) Every data set will be documented and delivered to the appropriate National Data Center for long-term archiving and dissemination after proprietary holds are cleared, while R2R maintains a master cruise catalog that links all the data sets together. This design accommodates the diversity of instrument types, data volumes, and shipment schedules among fleet operators. During its pilot development period, R2R has solicited feedback at community workshops, UNOLS meetings, and conference presentations, including fleet-wide surveys of current practices and instrument inventories. Several vessel operators began submitting cruise data and documentation during the pilot, providing a test bed for database development and Web

Diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum miR-7, miR-16, miR-25, miR-93, miR-182, miR-376a and miR-429 in ovarian cancer patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Meng, Xiaodan; Joosse, Simon A; Müller, Volkmar; Trillsch, Fabian; Milde-Langosch, Karin; Mahner, Sven; Geffken, Maria; Pantel, Klaus; Schwarzenbach, Heidi

2015-11-03

Owing to late diagnosis in advanced disease stages, prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poor. The quantification of deregulated levels of microRNAs could facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve prognosis of EOC. Seven microRNAs (miR-7, miR-16, miR-25, miR-93, miR-182, miR-376a and miR-429) were quantified in the serum of 180 EOC patients and 66 healthy women by TaqMan PCR microRNA assays. Median follow-up time was 21 months. The effects of miR-7 and miR-429 on apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated in two (EOC) cell lines. Serum levels of miR-25 (P=0.0001) and miR-93 (P=0.0001) were downregulated, whereas those of miR-7 (P=0.001) and miR-429 (P=0.0001) were upregulated in EOC patients compared with healthy women. The four microRNAs discriminated EOC patients from healthy women with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 92%. The levels of miR-429 positively correlated with CA125 values (P=0.0001) and differed between FIGO I-II and III-IV stages (P=0.001). MiR-429 was an independent predictor of overall survival (P=0.011). Overexpressed miR-429 in SKOV3 cells led to suppression of cell migration (P=0.037) and invasion (P=0.011). Increased levels of miR-7 were associated with lymph node metastases (P=0.0001) and FIGO stages III-IV (P=0.0001). Overexpressed miR-7 in SKOV3 cells resulted in increased cell migration (P=0.001) and invasion (P=0.011). Additionally, the increased levels of miR-376a correlated with FIGO stages III-IV (P=0.02). Our data indicate the diagnostic potential of miR-7, miR-25, miR-93 and miR-429 in EOC and the prognostic potential of miR-429. This microRNA panel may be promising molecules to be targeted in the treatment of EOC.

P R Sarma

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics. P R Sarma. Articles written in Pramana – Journal of Physics. Volume 67 Issue 3 September 2006 pp 477-486 Research Articles. Experimental study of the dependence of beam current on injection magnetic field in 6.4 GHz ECR ion source · G S Taki P R Sarma D K ...

The interaction between AMPKβ2 and the PP1-targeting subunit R6 is dynamically regulated by intracellular glycogen content.

Science.gov (United States)

Oligschlaeger, Yvonne; Miglianico, Marie; Dahlmans, Vivian; Rubio-Villena, Carla; Chanda, Dipanjan; Garcia-Gimeno, Maria Adelaida; Coumans, Will A; Liu, Yilin; Voncken, J Willem; Luiken, Joost J F P; Glatz, Jan F C; Sanz, Pascual; Neumann, Dietbert

2016-04-01

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic stress-sensing kinase. We previously showed that glucose deprivation induces autophosphorylation of AMPKβ at Thr-148, which prevents the binding of AMPK to glycogen. Furthermore, in MIN6 cells, AMPKβ1 binds to R6 (PPP1R3D), a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1), thereby regulating the glucose-induced inactivation of AMPK. In the present study, we further investigated the interaction of R6 with AMPKβ and the possible dependency on Thr-148 phosphorylation status. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analyses and co-immunoprecipitation (IP) of the overexpressed proteins in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T) cells revealed that both AMPKβ1 and AMPK-β2 wild-type (WT) isoforms bind to R6. The AMPKβ-R6 interaction was stronger with the muscle-specific AMPKβ2-WT and required association with the substrate-binding motif of R6. When HEK293T cells or C2C12 myotubes were cultured in high-glucose medium, AMPKβ2-WT and R6 weakly interacted. In contrast, glycogen depletion significantly enhanced this protein interaction. Mutation of AMPKβ2 Thr-148 prevented the interaction with R6 irrespective of the intracellular glycogen content. Treatment with the AMPK activator oligomycin enhanced the AMPKβ2-R6 interaction in conjunction with increased Thr-148 phosphorylation in cells grown in low-glucose medium. These data are in accordance with R6 binding directly to AMPKβ2 when both proteins detach from the diminishing glycogen particle, which is simultaneous with increased AMPKβ2 Thr-148 autophosphorylation. Such a model points to a possible control of AMPK by PP1-R6 upon glycogen depletion in muscle. © 2016 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited.

Fabrication of TiO2 nanorod assembly grafted rGO (rGO@TiO2-NR) hybridized flake-like photocatalyst

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Lv, Kangle; Fang, Shun; Si, Lingling; Xia, Yang; Ho, Wingkei; Li, Mei

2017-01-01

To efficiently separate the photo-generated electron-hole pairs of TiO2 hybrid, anatase TiO2 nanorod assembly grafted reduced graphene oxides (rGO@TiO2-NR) hybrid was successfully fabricated using potassium titanium oxalate (PTO) and graphene oxides (GO) as starting materials and diethylene glycol (DEG) as reductant. The effect of GO content on the structure and photocatalytic activity of rGO@TiO2-NR composite was systematically studied. Results show that, in the absence of GO, only TiO2 microsphere assembly is obtained from TiO2 nanorods. The presence of GO results in the formation of a flake-like TiO2-nanorod-assembled grafted rGO hybrid. The photocatalytic activity of rGO@TiO2-NR composite increases first and then decreases with increase in the amount of GO from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%. The hybridized S4 sample prepared with 4 wt.% GO possesses the highest photocatalytic activity with a constant rate of 0.039 min-1 in the photocataytic degradation of Brilliant X-3B dye (X3B); this sample was enhanced more than three times when compared with pure TiO2 sample (0.012 min-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the rGO@TiO2-NR hybrid was attributed to the strong interaction between TiO2 nanorods and rGO. The unique hierarchical structure of 1D nanorod assembly TiO2-rGO flakes facilitates the injection and transfer of photo-generated electrons from TiO2 to graphene, thus retarding the recombination of electron-hole pairs and enhancing the photocatalytic activity. The enlarged BET surface areas, not only increasing the number of active sites, but also facilitating the adsorption of the dye, and improved light-harvesting ability also contribute to the enhanced photoreactivity of rGO@TiO2-NR hybrid.

Applying PQ4R Strategy for Teaching Reading

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Moh.Rodli

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Despite receiving more attention than other language skills in English classroom, the result of students’ reading comprehension achievement is still far from expectation. To help students comprehend English reading texts and have better achievement in reading skill, PQ4R strategy can be an alternative to offer. The PQ4R (also well known as SQ4R strategy of comprehending reading material is an extension of SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review This method involves previewing the reading material, questioning the reading, reading to answer the questions, reflecting upon the reading, reciting the reading, and reviewing the material. This method is useful for improving students’ reading effectiveness in addition to help students better remember what they read. This paper highlights the PQ4R strategy and its use as an alternative to improve students’ reading comprehension achievement.

APPLYING PQ4R STRATEGY FOR TEACHING READING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moh Rodli

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Despite receiving more attention than other language skills in English classroom, the result of students’ reading comprehension achievement is still far from expectation. To help students comprehend English reading texts and have better achievement in reading skill, PQ4R strategy can be an alternative to offer. The PQ4R (also well known as SQ4R strategy of comprehending reading material is an extension of SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review This method involves previewing the reading material, questioning the reading, reading to answer the questions, reflecting upon the reading, reciting the reading, and reviewing the material. This method is useful for improving students’ reading effectiveness in addition to help students better remember what they read. This paper highlights the PQ4R strategy and its use as an alternative to improve students’ reading comprehension achievement.

R6/2 Huntington's disease mice develop early and progressive abnormal brain metabolism and seizures.

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Cepeda-Prado, Efrain; Popp, Susanna; Khan, Usman; Stefanov, Dimitre; Rodríguez, Jorge; Menalled, Liliana B; Dow-Edwards, Diana; Small, Scott A; Moreno, Herman

2012-05-09

A hallmark feature of Huntington's disease pathology is the atrophy of brain regions including, but not limited to, the striatum. Though MRI studies have identified structural CNS changes in several Huntington's disease (HD) mouse models, the functional consequences of HD pathology during the progression of the disease have yet to be investigated using in vivo functional MRI (fMRI). To address this issue, we first established the structural and functional MRI phenotype of juvenile HD mouse model R6/2 at early and advanced stages of disease. Significantly higher fMRI signals [relative cerebral blood volumes (rCBVs)] and atrophy were observed in both age groups in specific brain regions. Next, fMRI results were correlated with electrophysiological analysis, which showed abnormal increases in neuronal activity in affected brain regions, thus identifying a mechanism accounting for the abnormal fMRI findings. [(14)C] 2-deoxyglucose maps to investigate patterns of glucose utilization were also generated. An interesting mismatch between increases in rCBV and decreases in glucose uptake was observed. Finally, we evaluated the sensitivity of this mouse line to audiogenic seizures early in the disease course. We found that R6/2 mice had an increased susceptibility to develop seizures. Together, these findings identified seizure activity in R6/2 mice and show that neuroimaging measures sensitive to oxygen metabolism can be used as in vivo biomarkers, preceding the onset of an overt behavioral phenotype. Since fMRI-rCBV can also be obtained in patients, we propose that it may serve as a translational tool to evaluate therapeutic responses in humans and HD mouse models.

Phase composition of iron-rich R-Fe-Si (R=Dy, Ho, Er) alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanova, G.V.; Makarova, G.M.; Shcherbakova, E.V.; Belozerov, E.V.

2005-01-01

Phase composition is studied in iron-rich alloys of R-Fe-Si (R=Dy, Ho, Er). In the as-cast state R 2 (Fe, Si) 17 of type Th 2 Ni 17 and R(Fe, Si) 12 compounds are observed; in the alloys of rated composition of R(Fe 0.85 Si 0.15 ) 8.5 (R=Dy, Er) a compound R 2 (Fe, Si) 17 of Th 2 Zn 17 -type is revealed as well. The annealing at 1273 K results in formation of Dy 3 (Fe, Si) 29 and also the compounds with the presumed composition of Dy 4 (Fe, Si) 41 and Ho 4 (Fe, Si) 41 . As this takes place the alloys contain a transition structure as well that represents a set of small-sized areas with various type short-range order in mutual displacement of Fe-Fe(Si) dumpbell chains. The process of phase formation at 1273 K is faced with difficulties. Even the annealing for 1000 h does not result in the state of equilibrium [ru

Programming scheme based optimization of hybrid 4T-2R OxRAM NVSRAM

Science.gov (United States)

Majumdar, Swatilekha; Kingra, Sandeep Kaur; Suri, Manan

2017-09-01

In this paper, we present a novel single-cycle programming scheme for 4T-2R NVSRAM, exploiting pulse engineered input signals. OxRAM devices based on 3 nm thick bi-layer active switching oxide and 90 nm CMOS technology node were used for all simulations. The cell design is implemented for real-time non-volatility rather than last-bit, or power-down non-volatility. Detailed analysis of the proposed single-cycle, parallel RRAM device programming scheme is presented in comparison to the two-cycle sequential RRAM programming used for similar 4T-2R NVSRAM bit-cells. The proposed single-cycle programming scheme coupled with the 4T-2R architecture leads to several benefits such as- possibility of unconventional transistor sizing, 50% lower latency, 20% improvement in SNM and ∼20× reduced energy requirements, when compared against two-cycle programming approach.

Magnetic ordering in Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2}-type R{sub 2}FeSi{sub 2} (R=Gd, Tb) and R{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} (R=Y, Gd–Er) compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@tech.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Knotko, A.V. [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Yapaskurt, V.O. [Department of Petrology, Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Pani, M. [Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova (Italy); Institute SPIN-CNR, C. Perrone 24, 16152 Genova (Italy); Nirmala, R. [Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India); Quezado, S.; Malik, S.K. [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59082-970 (Brazil)

2016-09-01

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Sc{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2}-type R{sub 2}TSi{sub 2} (R=Gd–Er, T=Fe, Co) compounds have been studied using magnetization data. These indicate the presence of mixed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in these compounds. One observes a ferromagnetic transition followed by an antiferromagnetic order and a further possible spin-reorientation transition at low temperatures. Compared to Gd{sub 2}{Fe, Co}Si{sub 2}, the Tb{sub 2}FeSi{sub 2} and {Tb–Er}{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} compounds exhibit remarkable hysteresis (for e.g. Tb{sub 2}FeSi{sub 2} shows residual magnetization M{sub res}/Tb=2.45 μ{sub B}, coercive field H{sub coer}=14.9 kOe, and critical field H{sub crit}~5 kOe at 5 K) possibly due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the rare earth. The R{sub 2}{Fe, Co}Si{sub 2} show relatively small magnetocaloric effect (i.e. isothermal magnetic entropy change, ΔS{sub m}) around the magnetic transition temperature: the maximal value of MCE is demonstrated by Ho{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} (ΔS{sub m}=−8.1 J/kg K at 72 K and ΔS{sub m}=−9.4 J/kg K at 23 K in field change of 50 kOe) and Er{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} (ΔS{sub m}=−13.6 J/kg K at 32 K and ΔS{sub m}=−8.4 J/kg K at 12 K in field change of 50 kOe). - Highlights: • {Gd–Er}{sub 2}{Fe, Co}Si{sub 2} show high-temperature ferromagnetic-type transitions. • {Gd–Er}{sub 2}{Fe, Co}Si{sub 2} show low-temperature spin-reorientation transitions. • Tb{sub 2}FeSi{sub 2} and {Tb–Er}{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} compounds exhibit low-temperature hysteresis. • Tb{sub 2}FeSi{sub 2} shows M{sub res}/Tb=2.45 μ{sub B}, H{sub coer}=14.9 kOe and H{sub crit} ~5 kOe at 5 K • Considerable magnetocaloric effect is exhibited by Ho{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2} and Er{sub 2}CoSi{sub 2}.

The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-enhanced R-II Star Known

Science.gov (United States)

Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Roederer, Ian U.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Sakari, Charli M.; Sneden, Christopher; Liu, Chao; Lee, Young Sun; Cowan, John J.; Frebel, Anna

2018-06-01

We report the discovery of a new actinide-boost star, 2MASS J09544277+5246414, originally identified as a very bright (V = 10.1), extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] = ‑2.99) K giant in the LAMOST survey, and found to be highly r-process-enhanced (r-II; [Eu/Fe] = +1.28]), during the snapshot phase of the R-Process Alliance (RPA). Based on a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), high-resolution spectrum obtained with the Harlan J. Smith 2.7 m telescope, this star is the first confirmed actinide-boost star found by RPA efforts. With an enhancement of [Th/Eu] = +0.37, 2MASS J09544277+5246414 is also the most actinide-enhanced r-II star yet discovered, and only the sixth metal-poor star with a measured uranium abundance ([U/Fe] = +1.40). Using the Th/U chronometer, we estimate an age of 13.0 ± 4.7 Gyr for this star. The unambiguous actinide-boost signature of this extremely metal-poor star, combined with additional r-process-enhanced and actinide-boost stars identified by the RPA, will provide strong constraints on the nature and origin of the r-process at early times.

Mechanism of blood pressure and R-R variability: insights from ganglion blockade in humans

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Rong; Iwasaki, Kenichi; Zuckerman, Julie H.; Behbehani, Khosrow; Crandall, Craig G.; Levine, Benjamin D.; Blomqvist, C. G. (Principal Investigator)

2002-01-01

Spontaneous blood pressure (BP) and R-R variability are used frequently as 'windows' into cardiovascular control mechanisms. However, the origin of these rhythmic fluctuations is not completely understood. In this study, with ganglion blockade, we evaluated the role of autonomic neural activity versus other 'non-neural' factors in the origin of BP and R-R variability in humans. Beat-to-beat BP, R-R interval and respiratory excursions were recorded in ten healthy subjects (aged 30 +/- 6 years) before and after ganglion blockade with trimethaphan. The spectral power of these variables was calculated in the very low (0.0078-0.05 Hz), low (0.05-0.15 Hz) and high (0.15-0.35 Hz) frequency ranges. The relationship between systolic BP and R-R variability was examined by cross-spectral analysis. After blockade, R-R variability was virtually abolished at all frequencies; however, respiration and high frequency BP variability remained unchanged. Very low and low frequency BP variability was reduced substantially by 84 and 69 %, respectively, but still persisted. Transfer function gain between systolic BP and R-R interval variability decreased by 92 and 88 % at low and high frequencies, respectively, while the phase changed from negative to positive values at the high frequencies. These data suggest that under supine resting conditions with spontaneous breathing: (1) R-R variability at all measured frequencies is predominantly controlled by autonomic neural activity; (2) BP variability at high frequencies (> 0.15 Hz) is mediated largely, if not exclusively, by mechanical effects of respiration on intrathoracic pressure and/or cardiac filling; (3) BP variability at very low and low frequencies (rhythmicity; and (4) the dynamic relationship between BP and R-R variability as quantified by transfer function analysis is determined predominantly by autonomic neural activity rather than other, non-neural factors.

Genome-wide identification, functional prediction, and evolutionary analysis of the R2R3-MYB superfamily in Brassica napus.

Science.gov (United States)

Hajiebrahimi, Ali; Owji, Hajar; Hemmati, Shiva

2017-10-01

R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to play important roles in plants, including in development and in various stress conditions. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of 249 R2R3-MYB TFs in Brassica napus, called BnaR2R3-MYB TFs, clustered into 38 clades. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were distributed on 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Sixteen gene clusters were identified. BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were characterized by motif prediction, gene structure analysis, and gene ontology. Evolutionary analysis revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are mainly formed as a result of whole-genome duplication. Orthologs and paralogs of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs were identified in B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana using synteny-based methods. Purifying selection was pervasive within R2R3-MYB TFs. K n /K s values lower than 0.3 indicated that BnaR2R3-MYB TFs are being functionally converged. The role of gene conversion in the formation of BnaR2R3-MYB TFs was significant. Cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regions of BnaR2R3-MYB genes, miRNA targeting BnaR2R3MYB TFs, and post translational modifications were identified. Digital expression data revealed that BnaR2R3-MYB genes were highly expressed in the roots and under high salinity treatment after 24 h. BnaMYB21, BnaMYB141, and BnaMYB148 have been suggested for improving salt-tolerant B. napus. BnaR2R3-MYB genes were mostly up regulated on the 14th day post inoculation with Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculan. BnaMYB150 is a candidate for increased tolerance to Leptospheria in B. napus.

Simple synthesis of graphene nanocomposites MgO-rGO and Fe2O3-rGO for multifunctional applications

Science.gov (United States)

Abdel-Aal, Seham K.; Ionov, Andrey; Mozhchil, R. N.; Naqvi, Alim H.

2018-05-01

Hummer's method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO) by chemical exfoliation of graphite. Simple precipitation method was used for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposites MgO-rGO and Fe2O3-rGO. A 0.3 Molar of corresponding metal nitrate solution and GO solution are used for the preparation process. XRD, FT-IR, and XPS were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The reduction of GO into reduced rGO in the formed nanocomposites was confirmed. Morphological characterization showed the formation of needle-shaped nanocrystals of MgO successfully grown on graphene nanosheet with average crystallite size 8.4 nm. Hematite nanocomposite Fe2O3-rGO forms rod-shaped crystals with average crystallite size 27.5 nm. The saturation magnetization observed for Fe2O3-rGO is less than reported value for the pure Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Thermal properties of as-prepared hybrid nanocomposites MgO-rGO and Fe2O3-rGO showed thermal stability of the prepared nanocomposite over long range of temperature.

Influence of silencing the MC4R gene by lentivirusmediated RNA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a key element in the mechanisms used to regulate both aspects of keeping the balance between energy uptake and energy expenditure. MC4R was knocked down by lentivirus-mediated shRNA expressing plasmids, which were controlled by the U6 promoter in bovine fibroblast cells, and ...

Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): Supporting Global Data Access Through the Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP)

Science.gov (United States)

Arko, R. A.; Stocks, K.; Chandler, C. L.; Smith, S. R.; Miller, S. P.; Maffei, A. R.; Glaves, H. M.; Carbotte, S. M.

2013-12-01

The U.S. National Science Foundation supports a fleet of academic research vessels operating throughout the world's oceans. In addition to supporting the mission-specific goals of each expedition, these vessels routinely deploy a suite of underway environmental sensors, operating like mobile observatories. Recognizing that the data from these instruments have value beyond each cruise, NSF funded R2R in 2009 to ensure that these data are routinely captured, cataloged and described, and submitted to the appropriate national repository for long-term public access. In 2013, R2R joined the Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP; http://odip.org/). The goal of ODIP is to remove barriers to the effective sharing of data across scientific domains and international boundaries, by providing a forum to harmonize diverse regional systems. To advance this goal, ODIP organizes international workshops to foster the development of common standards and develop prototypes to evaluate and test potential standards and interoperability solutions. ODIP includes major organizations engaged in ocean data stewardship in the EU, US, and Australia, supported by the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE). Within the broad scope of ODIP, R2R focuses on contributions in 4 key areas: ● Implement a 'Linked Open Data' approach to disseminate data and documentation, using existing World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications and machine-readable formats. Exposing content as Linked Open Data will provide a simple mechanism for ODIP collaborators to browse and compare data sets among repositories. ● Map key vocabularies used by R2R to their European and Australian counterparts. The existing heterogeneity among terms inhibits data discoverability, as a user searching on the term with which s/he is familiar may not find all data of interest. Mapping key terms across the different ODIP partners, relying on the backbone thesaurus provided by the NERC Vocabulary Server

MiR-223 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting IGF-1R.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng You Jia

Full Text Available To study the roles of microRNA-223 (miR-223 in regulation of cell growth, we established a miR-223 over-expression model in HeLa cells infected with miR-223 by Lentivirus pLL3.7 system. We observed in this model that miR-223 significantly suppressed the proliferation, growth rate, colony formation of HeLa cells in vitro, and in vivo tumorigenicity or tumor formation in nude mice. To investigate the mechanisms involved, we scanned and examined the potential and putative target molecules of miR-223 by informatics, quantitative PCR and Western blot, and found that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R was the functional target of miR-223 inhibition of cell proliferation. Targeting IGF-1R by miR-223 was not only seen in HeLa cells, but also in leukemia and hepatoma cells. The downstream pathway, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, to which the signal was mediated by IGF-1R, was inhibited as well. The relative luciferase activity of the reporter containing wild-type 3'UTR(3'untranslated region of IGF-1R was significantly suppressed, but the mutant not. Silence of IGF-1R expression by vector-based short hairpin RNA resulted in the similar inhibition with miR-223. Contrarily, rescued IGF-1R expression in the cells that over-expressed miR-223, reversed the inhibition caused by miR-223 via introducing IGF-1R cDNA that didn't contain the 3'UTR. Meanwhile, we also noted that miR-223 targeted Rasa1, but the downstream molecules mediated by Rasa1 was neither targeted nor regulated. Therefore we believed that IGF-1R was the functional target for miR-223 suppression of cell proliferation and its downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway suppressed by miR-223 was by targeting IGF-1R.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of R2R3MYB family in Rosaceae.

Science.gov (United States)

González, Máximo; Carrasco, Basilio; Salazar, Erika

2016-09-01

Transcription factors R2R3MYB family have been associated with the control of secondary metabolites, development of structures, cold tolerance and response to biotic and abiotic stress, among others. In recent years, genomes of Rosaceae botanical family are available. Although this information has been used to study the karyotype evolution of these species from an ancestral genome, there are no studies that treat the evolution and diversity of gene families present in these species or in the botanical family. Here we present the first comparative study of the R2R3MYB subfamily of transcription factors in three species of Rosaceae family (Malus domestica, Prunus persica and Fragaria vesca). We described 186, 98 and 86 non-redundant gene models for apple, peach and strawberry, respectively. In this research, we analyzed the intron-exon structure and genomic distribution of R2R3MYB families mentioned above. The phylogenetic comparisons revealed putative functions of some R2R3MYB transcription factors. This analysis found 44 functional subgroups, seven of which were unique for Rosaceae. In addition, our results showed a highly collinearity among some genes revealing the existence of conserved gene models between the three species studied. Although some gene models in these species have been validated under several approaches, more research in the Rosaceae family is necessary to determine gene expression patterns in specific tissues and development stages to facilitate understanding of the regulatory and biochemical mechanism in this botanical family.

An efficient rHSV-based complementation system for the production of multiple rAAV vector serotypes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, W; Wang, L; Harrell, H; Liu, J; Thomas, D L; Mayfield, T L; Scotti, M M; Ye, G J; Veres, G; Knop, D R

2009-02-01

Recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (rHSV)-assisted recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector production provides a highly efficient and scalable method for manufacture of clinical grade rAAV vectors. Here, we present an rHSV co-infection system for rAAV production, which uses two ICP27-deficient rHSV constructs, one bearing the rep2 and cap (1, 2 or 9) genes of rAAV, and the second bearing an AAV2 ITR-gene of interest (GOI) cassette. The optimum rAAV production parameters were defined by producing rAAV2/GFP in HEK293 cells, yielding greater than 9000 infectious particles per cell with a 14:1 DNase resistance particle to infectious particle (DRP/ip) ratio. The optimized co-infection parameters were then used to generate large-scale stocks of rAAV1/AAT, which encode the human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) protein, and purified by column chromatography. The purified vector was extensively characterized by rAAV- and rHSV-specific assays and compared to transfection-made vector for in vivo efficacy in mice through intramuscular injection. The co-infection method was also used to produce rAAV9/AAT for comparison to rAAV1/AAT in vivo. Intramuscular administration of 1 x 10(11) DRP per animal of rHSV-produced rAAV1/AAT and rAAV9/AAT resulted in hAAT protein expression of 5.4 x 10(4) and 9.4 x 10(5) ng ml(-1) serum respectively, the latter being clinically relevant.

Group IB Organometallic Chemistry XXXIV: Thermal behavior and chemical reactivity of tetranuclear Me2N-substituted diarylpropenylcopper-copper anion (Vi2Cu4X2) and mixed diarylpropenyl/organocopper (Vi2Cu4R2) compounds

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koten, G. van; Hoedt, R.W.M. ten; Noltes, J.G.

1980-01-01

Thermal decomposition of configurationally pure 1, 2-diarylpropenylcopper compounds Z-Vi{2}CU{4}Br{2} and Z-Vi{2}Cu{4}R{2} [Vi @? (2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4})C@?C(Me)-(C{6}H{4}Me-4), R @? 2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4} or 4-MeC{6}H{4}C@?C] predominantly results in the formation of ViH. In contrast, only dimers (ViVi) were

Fabrication of TiO_2 nanorod assembly grafted rGO (rGO@TiO_2-NR) hybridized flake-like photocatalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lv, Kangle; Fang, Shun; Si, Lingling; Xia, Yang; Ho, Wingkei; Li, Mei

2017-01-01

Highlights: • TiO_2 nanorod assembly grafted with GO hybrid was successfully fabricated. • TiO_2 nanorods can reduce the aggregation of TiO_2 nanoparticles on graphene. • This unique structure facilitates the injection of electron from TiO_2 to graphene. - Abstract: To efficiently separate the photo-generated electron–hole pairs of TiO_2 hybrid, anatase TiO_2 nanorod assembly grafted reduced graphene oxides (rGO@TiO_2-NR) hybrid was successfully fabricated using potassium titanium oxalate (PTO) and graphene oxides (GO) as starting materials and diethylene glycol (DEG) as reductant. The effect of GO content on the structure and photocatalytic activity of rGO@TiO_2-NR composite was systematically studied. Results show that, in the absence of GO, only TiO_2 microsphere assembly is obtained from TiO_2 nanorods. The presence of GO results in the formation of a flake-like TiO_2-nanorod-assembled grafted rGO hybrid. The photocatalytic activity of rGO@TiO_2-NR composite increases first and then decreases with increase in the amount of GO from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%. The hybridized S4 sample prepared with 4 wt.% GO possesses the highest photocatalytic activity with a constant rate of 0.039 min"−"1 in the photocataytic degradation of Brilliant X-3B dye (X3B); this sample was enhanced more than three times when compared with pure TiO_2 sample (0.012 min"−"1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the rGO@TiO_2-NR hybrid was attributed to the strong interaction between TiO_2 nanorods and rGO. The unique hierarchical structure of 1D nanorod assembly TiO_2–rGO flakes facilitates the injection and transfer of photo-generated electrons from TiO_2 to graphene, thus retarding the recombination of electron–hole pairs and enhancing the photocatalytic activity. The enlarged BET surface areas, not only increasing the number of active sites, but also facilitating the adsorption of the dye, and improved light-harvesting ability also contribute to the enhanced photoreactivity

(2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR-7-Carboxy-2-(3-furyl-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxoperhydrobenzo[f]isochromen-9-yl acetate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C22H26O8, contains two crystallographically independent molecules with closely comparable conformations (r.m.s. overlay = 0.54 Å for 30 non-H atoms. All six-membered rings display chair conformations, with a slight distortion for the lactone ring. The molecules are connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains along [010], with the independent molecules segregated into separate chains. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit face each other in a head-to-tail fashion, with the furan ring of one molecule turned towards the carboxylic acid terminal of the other molecule.

miR-340 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Xuesong; Gong, Xuhai; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Jinghui; Sun, Jiahang; Guo, Mian

2015-01-01

Glioblastoma development is often associated with alteration in the activity and expression of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CKDs) and cyclins, resulting in aberrant cell proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of miRNAs in controlling the development and growth of glioblastoma. Here, we provide evidence for a function of miR-340 in the inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation. We found that miR-340 is downregulated in human glioblastoma tissue samples and several established glioblastoma cell lines. Proliferation and neurosphere formation assays revealed that miR-340 plays an oncosuppressive role in glioblastoma, and that its ectopic expression causes significant defect in glioblastoma cell growth. Further, using bioinformatics, luciferase assay and western blot, we found that miR-340 specifically targets the 3′UTRs of CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2, leading to the arrest of glioblastoma cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Confirming these results, we found that re-introducing CDK6, cyclin-D1 or cyclin-D2 expression partially, but significantly, rescues cells from the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest mediated by miR-340. Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-340 plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioblastoma and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker and/or a therapeutic avenue for glioblastoma. - Highlights: • miR-340 is downregulated in glioblastoma samples and cell lines. • miR-340 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation. • miR-340 directly targets CDK6, cyclin-D1, and cyclin-D2. • miR-340 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation via CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2

miR-340 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by suppressing CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Xuesong; Gong, Xuhai [Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001 (China); Chen, Jing [Department of Neurology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163001 China (China); Zhang, Jinghui [Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150026 (China); Sun, Jiahang [Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086 (China); Guo, Mian, E-mail: guomian_hyd@163.com [Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086 (China)

2015-05-08

Glioblastoma development is often associated with alteration in the activity and expression of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CKDs) and cyclins, resulting in aberrant cell proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of miRNAs in controlling the development and growth of glioblastoma. Here, we provide evidence for a function of miR-340 in the inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation. We found that miR-340 is downregulated in human glioblastoma tissue samples and several established glioblastoma cell lines. Proliferation and neurosphere formation assays revealed that miR-340 plays an oncosuppressive role in glioblastoma, and that its ectopic expression causes significant defect in glioblastoma cell growth. Further, using bioinformatics, luciferase assay and western blot, we found that miR-340 specifically targets the 3′UTRs of CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2, leading to the arrest of glioblastoma cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Confirming these results, we found that re-introducing CDK6, cyclin-D1 or cyclin-D2 expression partially, but significantly, rescues cells from the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest mediated by miR-340. Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-340 plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioblastoma and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker and/or a therapeutic avenue for glioblastoma. - Highlights: • miR-340 is downregulated in glioblastoma samples and cell lines. • miR-340 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation. • miR-340 directly targets CDK6, cyclin-D1, and cyclin-D2. • miR-340 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation via CDK6, cyclin-D1 and cyclin-D2.

Shridhar R Gadre

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Shridhar R Gadre. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 4 Issue 2 February 1999 pp 8-19 Series Article. Electrostatics in Chemistry - Basic Principles · Shridhar R Gadre Pravin K Bhadane · More Details Fulltext PDF. Volume 4 ...

Enterovirus 71 antagonizes the antiviral activity of host STAT3 and IL-6R with partial dependence on virus-induced miR-124.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Zhangmei; Wang, Yan; Bian, Liang; Liu, Qingqing; Long, Jian-Er

2017-12-01

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused major outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease. EV71 infections increase the production of many host cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and COX-2. Some of these molecules could stimulate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which plays a key role in regulating host immune responses and several viral diseases. However, the role of STAT3 in EV71 infection remains unknown. This study found that the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 (p Y705 -STAT3) are closely related to EV71 infection. Further experiments revealed that STAT3 exerts an anti-EV71 activity. However, the antiviral activity of STAT3 is partially antagonized by EV71-induced miR-124, which directly targets STAT3 mRNA. Similarly, IL-6R, the α-subunit of the IL-6 receptor complex, exhibits anti-EV71 activity and is directly targeted by the virus-induced miR-124. These results indicate that EV71 can evade host IL-6R- and STAT3-mediated antiviral activities by EV71-induced miR-124. This suggests that controlling miR-124 and the downstream targets, IL-6R and STAT3, might benefit the antiviral treatment of EV71 infection.

Reactivity of Fe3(CO)12 with Alkynes R-C≡-C-R':Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Substituted Cyclic Ketones and Carbonyl Iron Complexes

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

SUO Quan-Ling; WU Le; SU Qian; ZHU Ning; GAO Yuan-Yuan; HONG Hai-Long; XIE Rui-Jun; HAN Li-Min

2017-01-01

The reactivity of carbonyl iron cluster with alkynes has been studied by the thermal reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with R-C≡C-R'(R =Fc (Ferrocenyl);R'=Ph (Phenyl),Fc,H).The hexacarbonyldiiron cluster with ferracyclopentadiene ring (μ2,η4-C4Ph4)Fe2(CO)6 (1) and one tetraphenyl substituted cyclopentadienone (Ph4C4CO) (2) were simultaneously obtained by the reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with alkyne (Ph-C≡C-Ph).Only one ferrole cluster (μ2,η4-C4Fc2H2)Fe2(CO)6 (3) was separated by using Fc-C≡C-H as alkyne.One tri-carbonyl iron complex (η4-C4Fc4CO)Fe(CO)3 (4) and an unexpected new cyclic ketone compound 2,2,4,5-tetraferrocenylcyclopenta-4-en-l,3-di-one [Fc4C3(CO)2] (5) were obtained by using Fc-C≡C-Fc as alkyne.A new complex (η4-2,4-diphenyl-3,5-diferrocenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-l-one)-tricarbonyl iron (η4-C4Ph2Fc2CO)Fe(CO)3 (6)was synthesized by the reaction of Fe3(CO)12 with Fc-C≡C-Ph.The structures of compounds 1～6 were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic characterization.The crystal structures of two new compounds 5 and 6 were analyzed.Our experimental results reveal the structural models of the reaction products are affected by the kinds of substituents from alkynes R-C≡C-R'.

The delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-(3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide] synergistically enhances the locomotor-activating effects of some psychomotor stimulants, but not direct dopamine agonists, in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Jutkiewicz, Emily M; Baladi, Michelle G; Folk, John E; Rice, Kenner C; Woods, James H

2008-02-01

The nonpeptidic delta-opioid agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-(3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide] produces many stimulant-like behavioral effects in rodents and monkeys, such as locomotor stimulation, generalization to cocaine in discrimination procedures, and antiparkinsonian effects. Tolerance to the locomotor-stimulating effects of SNC80 develops after a single administration of SNC80 in rats; it is not known whether cross-tolerance develops to the effects of other stimulant compounds. In the initial studies to determine whether SNC80 produced cross-tolerance to other stimulant compounds, it was discovered that amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity was greatly enhanced in SNC80-pretreated rats. This study evaluated acute cross-tolerance between delta-opioid agonists and other locomotor-stimulating drugs. Locomotor activity was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with radiotransmitters, and activity levels were recorded in the home cage environment. Three-hour SNC80 pretreatment produced tolerance to further delta-opioid receptor stimulation but also augmented greatly amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatments with other delta-opioid agonists, (+)BW373U86 [(+)-4-[alpha(R)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-3-hydroxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide] and oxymorphindole (17-methyl-6,7-dehydro-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-6,7,2',3'-indolomorphinan), also modified amphetamine-induced activity levels. SNC80 pretreatment enhanced the stimulatory effects of the dopamine/norepinephrine transporter ligands cocaine and nomifensine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-8-isoquinolinanmine maleate salt), but not the direct dopamine receptor agonists SKF81297 [R-(+)-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide] and quinpirole [trans-(-)-(4alphaR)-4,4a, 5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g] quinoline

Experimental and computational thermochemistry of 1,4-benzodioxan and its 2-R derivatives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matos, M. Agostinha R.; Sousa, Clara C.S.; Morais, Victor M.F.

2008-01-01

The standard molar energies of combustion, at T = 298.15 K, of crystalline 1,4-benzodioxan-2-carboxylic acid and 1,4-benzodioxan-2-hydroxymethyl were measured by static bomb calorimetry in an oxygen atmosphere. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, were obtained by Calvet microcalorimetry. These values were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds in the gas phase at T = 298.15 K: 1,4-benzodioxan-2-carboxylic acid -(547.7 ± 3.0) kJ . mol -1 and 1,4-benzodioxan-2-hydroxymethyl -(374.2 ± 2.3) kJ . mol -1 . In addition, density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation energy functional with extended basis sets, 6-311G** and cc-pVTZ, have been performed for the compounds studied. We have also tested two more accurate computational procedures involving multiple levels of electron structure theory in order to get reliable estimates of the thermochemical parameters of the compounds studied. The agreement between experiment and theory gives confidence to estimate the enthalpies of formation of other 2-R derivatives of 1,4-benzodioxan (R = -CH 2 COOH, -OH, -COCH 3 , -CHO, -CH 3 , -CN, and -NO 2 )

P R Deshmukh

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. P R Deshmukh. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 34 Issue 6 October 2011 pp 1179-1183. Chemical synthesis and characterization of hydrous tin oxide (SnO2:H2O) thin films · S N Pusawale P R Deshmukh C D Lokhande · More Details Abstract Fulltext ...

Striatal pre-enkephalin overexpression improves Huntington's disease symptoms in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease.

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Stéphanie Bissonnette

Full Text Available The reduction of pre-enkephalin (pENK mRNA expression might be an early sign of striatal neuronal dysfunction in Huntington's disease (HD, due to mutated huntingtin protein. Indeed, striatopallidal (pENK-containing neurodegeneration occurs at earlier stage of the disease, compare to the loss of striatonigral neurons. However, no data are available about the functional role of striatal pENK in HD. According to the neuroprotective properties of opioids that have been recognized recently, the objective of this study was to investigate whether striatal overexpression of pENK at early stage of HD can improve motor dysfunction, and/or reduce striatal neuronal loss in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD. To achieve this goal recombinant adeno-associated-virus (rAAV2-containing green fluorescence protein (GFP-pENK was injected bilaterally in the striatum of R6/2 mice at 5 weeks old to overexpress opioid peptide pENK. Striatal injection of rAAV2-GFP was used as a control. Different behavioral tests were carried out before and/or after striatal injections of rAAV2. The animals were euthanized at 10 weeks old. Our results demonstrate that striatal overexpression of pENK had beneficial effects on behavioral symptoms of HD in R6/2 by: delaying the onset of decline in muscular force; reduction of clasping; improvement of fast motor activity, short-term memory and recognition; as well as normalization of anxiety-like behavior. The improvement of behavioral dysfunction in R6/2 mice having received rAAV2-GFP-pENK associated with upregulation of striatal pENK mRNA; the increased level of enkephalin peptide in the striatum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra; as well as the slight increase in the number of striatal neurons compared with other groups of R6/2. Accordingly, we suggest that at early stage of HD upregulation of striatal enkephalin might play a key role at attenuating illness symptoms.

Theory and verification manual for BARC-R6 software

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rastogi, Rohit; Bhasin, Vivek; Vaze, K.K.; Kushwaha, H.S.

2001-01-01

This report presents the technical description of the BARC-R6 computer code that has been developed in Reactor Safety Division, BARC. The program has been designed to run on Windows95 based PCs. The R6 method is a tool, which can perform analysis considering fracture and plastic instability together as failure criteria. The R6 method for analyzing flawed components requires construction of number of graphs. The results of study are arrived at by analyzing these graphs. BARC- R6 is designed with a highly intuitive graphical user interface for input as well as output. This report presents the implementation details of the program. The current version has provision for any flaw orientation and type in pipes and elbows. This program will be highly useful for fracture assessment and Leak Before Break (LBB) qualification for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) piping. The complete PHT piping of any typical NPP can be assessed with in a very short time. It is capable of handling Option-1 and Option-2 Failure Assessment Line (FAL) for both Category-1 and Category-3 type analysis. It has provision for exhaustive sensitivity analyses for judging the significance of margins with respect to variation in material properties, crack sizes etc. The report is divided into 6 sections. The first section introduces the document. The details offer method are presented in the second section. This is followed by the technical description of the program. The fourth section lists many benchmark problems solved to highlight its usage and validation. These benchmark problems cover the wide range of cases encountered in the practical situations. The user manual is provided in the fifth section. The sixth section contains the references used in this report. This is followed by an appendix containing the co-relations for stress intensity factor and limit loads, used in the BARC-R6 code. (author)

Real world data on young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOEP - MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 as prognostic biomarkers.

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Mette Ølgod Pedersen

Full Text Available Double expression of MYC and BCL2 proteins (DE and double-hit MYC+BCL2/BCL6 translocations (DH were established as important biomarkers in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL by the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Whether this applies to the subgroup of young patients with high risk DLBCL is not known. We previously found that in a uniform retrospective population-based cohort of patients aged 18-60 years with high-risk DLBCL, the addition of etoposide to R-CHOP chemotherapy (R-CHOEP resulted in improved survival mainly in patients with germinal center B-cell like (GCB immunophenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of DE and DH in this patient cohort.Data on all young Danish patients diagnosed with de novo high-risk DLBCL 2004-2008 and treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOEP were obtained from the Danish Lymphoma database (n = 159. Tumor samples were available from 103 patients. MYC and BCL2 proteins were analyzed with quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC using different cut off values. MYC-, BCL2- and BCL6-translocations were examined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH.DE with MYC>75% and BCL2>85% was an independent negative prognostic marker of progression free survival (PFS in patients treated with R-CHOP but not R-CHOEP (p<0.001, also after exclusion of patients with DH. A predictive effect of DE for response (PFS to R-CHOEP vs. R-CHOP was almost significant (p = 0.07. DH was not prognostic in this patient cohort.In young patients with high-risk DLBCL, treatment with R-CHOEP may overcome the negative prognostic impact of DE observed in patients treated with R-CHOP.

Novel Triazole linked 2-phenyl benzoxazole derivatives induce apoptosis by inhibiting miR-2, miR-13 and miR-14 function in Drosophila melanogaster.

Science.gov (United States)

Mondal, Tanmoy; Lavanya, A V S; Mallick, Akash; Dadmala, Tulshiram L; Kumbhare, Ravindra M; Bhadra, Utpal; Bhadra, Manika Pal

2017-06-01

Apoptosis is an important phenomenon in multi cellular organisms for maintaining tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. Defect in apoptosis leads to a number of disorders like- autoimmune disorder, immunodeficiency and cancer. 21-22 nucleotides containing micro RNAs (miRNAs/miRs) function as a crucial regulator of apoptosis alike other cellular pathways. Recently, small molecules have been identified as a potent inducer of apoptosis. In this study, we have identified novel Triazole linked 2-phenyl benzoxazole derivatives (13j and 13h) as a negative regulator of apoptosis inhibiting micro RNAs (miR-2, miR-13 and miR-14) in a well established in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster where the process of apoptosis is very similar to human apoptosis. These compounds inhibit miR-2, miR-13 and miR-14 activity at their target sites, which induce an increased caspase activity, and in turn influence the caspase dependent apoptotic pathway. These two compounds also increase the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to trigger apoptotic cell death.

SHELS: A complete galaxy redshift survey with R ≤ 20.6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geller, Margaret J.; Hwang, Ho Seong; Fabricant, Daniel G.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Dell'Antonio, Ian P.; Zahid, Harus Jabran

2014-01-01

The SHELS (Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey) is a complete redshift survey covering two well-separated fields (F1 and F2) of the Deep Lens Survey to a limiting R = 20.6. Here we describe the redshift survey of the F2 field (R.A. 2000 = 09 h 19 m 32.4 and decl. 2000 = +30°00'00''). The survey includes 16,294 new redshifts measured with the Hectospec on the MMT. The resulting survey of the 4 deg 2 F2 field is 95% complete to R = 20.6, currently the densest survey to this magnitude limit. The median survey redshift is z = 0.3; the survey provides a view of structure in the range 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.6. An animation displays the large-scale structure in the survey region. We provide a redshift, spectral index D n 4000, and stellar mass for each galaxy in the survey. We also provide a metallicity for each galaxy in the range 0.2

New effective coupled F({sup (4)}R, φ) modified gravity from f({sup (5)}R) gravity in five dimensions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Madriz Aguilar, Jose Edgar [Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e ingenierias (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Departamento de Matematicas, Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico)

2015-12-15

Using some ideas of the Wesson induced matter theory, we obtain a new kind of F({sup (4)}R, φ) modified gravity theory as an effective four-dimensional (4D) theory derived from f({sup (5)}R) gravity in five dimensions (5D). This new theory exhibits a different matter coupling than the one in BBHL theory. We show that the field equations of the Wesson induced matter theory and of some brane-world scenarios can be obtained as maximally symmetric solutions of the same f({sup (5)}R) theory. We found criteria for the Dolgov-Kawasaki instabilities for both the f({sup (5)}R) and the F({sup (4)}R, φ) theories. We demonstrate that under certain conditions imposed on the 5D geometry it is possible to interpret the F({sup (4)}R, φ) theory as a modified gravity theory with dynamical coefficients, making this new theory a viable candidate to address the present accelerating cosmic expansion issue. Matter sources in the F({sup (4)}R, φ) case appear induced by the 5D geometry without the necessity of the introduction of matter sources in 5D. (orig.)

Introduction : $R_b$, $R_c$ and QCD

CERN Document Server

Blondel, A

1996-01-01

Precision measurements using the b quark, i.e. the isopartner of the heaviest fermion top, probe new physics that could have escaped the more precise tests using light fermions and leptons in particular. At present, the measured decay rate of the Z boson in b quarks is 3 standard deviations away from the Standard Model (SM) value. Is this the long-sought new physics? Or could this be an experimental artefact? After a brief introduction of the important observables in this game, I recall the accuracy (10-3) with which the Standard Model (SM) works for the light fermions (section 2) In comparison, the 2% (resp. 7%) discrepancy in R b (resp. R c) seems enormous (section 3). Of course, given the difficulty of the measurement, one should first ask how it could be wrong, (section 4), before trying to find how new physics could explain it (section 5). Although this topic is at first sight the concern of electroweak afficionados, I will explain in section 6 how it is linked, via the total hadronic width, to the deter...

Minimal Supersymmetric $SU(4) \\to SU(2)_L \\to SU(2)_R$

CERN Document Server

King, S F

1998-01-01

We present a minimal string-inspired supersymmetric $SU(4) \\times SU(2)_L potential in this model, based on a generalisation of that recently proposed by Dvali, Lazarides and Shafi. The model contains a global U(1) R-symmetry and reduces to the MSSM at low energies. However it improves on the MSSM since it explains the magnitude of its $\\mu$ term and gives a prediction for $\\tan \\beta both `cold' and `hot' dark matter candidates. A period of hybrid inflation above the symmetry breaking scale is also possible in this model. Finally it suggests the existence of `heavy' charge $\\pm e/6$ (colored) and $\\pm e/2$ (color singlet) states.

MiR-125a TNF receptor-associated factor 6 to inhibit osteoclastogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, Li-Juan; Liao, Lan; Yang, Li; Li, Yu; Jiang, Tie-Jian

2014-01-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In the present study, we found that miR-125a was dramatically down-regulated during macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastogenesis of circulating CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Overexpression of miR-125a in CD14+ PBMCs inhibited osteoclastogenesis, while inhibition of miR-125a promoted osteoclastogenesis. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a transduction factor for RANKL/RANK/NFATc1 signal, was confirmed to be a target of miR-125a. EMSA and ChIP assays confirmed that NFATc1 bound to the promoter of the miR-125a. Overexpression of NFATc1 inhibited miR-125a transcription, and block of NFATc1 expression attenuated RANKL-regulated miR-125a transcription. Here, we reported that miR-125a played a biological function in osteoclastogenesis through a novel TRAF6/ NFATc1/miR-125a regulatory feedback loop. It suggests that regulation of miR-125a expression may be a potential strategy for ameliorating metabolic disease. - Highlights: • MiR-125a was significantly down-regulated in osteoclastogenesis of CD14+ PBMCs. • MiR-125a inhibited osteoclast differentiation by targeting TRAF6. • NFATc1 inhibited miR-125a transciption by binding to the promoter of miR-125a. • TRAF6/NFATc1 and miR-125a form a regulatory feedback loop in osteoclastogenesis

DYSFUNCTIONAL KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLISM IN THE R6/2 MOUSE MODEL OF HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

Science.gov (United States)

Sathyasaikumar, Korrapati V.; Stachowski, Erin K.; Amori, Laura; Guidetti, Paolo; Muchowski, Paul J.; Schwarcz, Robert

2013-01-01

Elevated concentrations of neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation may play a causative role in Huntington’s disease (HD). The brain levels of one of these compounds, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), are increased in both HD and several mouse models of the disease. In the present study, we examined this impairment in greater detail using the R6/2 mouse, a well-established animal model of HD. Initially, mutant and age-matched wild-type mice received an intrastriatal injection of 3H-tryptophan to assess the acute, local de novo production of kynurenine, the immediate bioprecursor of 3-HK, in vivo. No effect of genotype was observed between 4 and 12 weeks of age. In contrast, intrastriatally applied 3H-kynurenine resulted in significantly increased neosynthesis of 3H-3-HK, but not other tritiated KP metabolites, in the R6/2 striatum. Subsequent ex vivo studies in striatal, cortical and cerebellar tissue revealed substantial increases in the activity of the biosynthetic enzyme of 3-HK, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and significant reductions in the activity of its degradative enzyme, kynureninase, in HD mice starting at 4 weeks of age. Decreased kynureninase activity was most evident in the cortex and preceded the increase in KMO activity. The activity of other KP enzymes showed no consistent brain abnormalities in the mutant mice. These findings suggest that impairments in its immediate metabolic enzymes jointly account for the abnormally high brain levels of 3-HK in the R6/2 model of HD. PMID:20236387

(5S,6R-5-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-propyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinane-2-thione

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Joshua L. Kocher

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The title molecule, C13H18N2OS, is an oxadiazinanthione derived from (1R,2S-norephedrine. There are two molecules in the asymmetric. Both adopt roughly half-chair conformations; however, the 5-position carbon orients out of opposite faces of the oxadiazinanthiones plane in the two molecules. In the crystal structure, they are oriented as a dimer linked by a pair of N—H...S hydrogen bonds. The absolute configuration has been established from anomalous dispersion and confirms the known stereochemistry based on the synthetic procedure.

Magnetization processes in amorphous R-Co/R'-Co/R-Co sandwiches (R, R'=Y, Nd, Gd, Er)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dieny, B.; Givord, D.; Ndjaka, J.M.B.; Alameda, J.M.

1990-01-01

Sandwiches consisting of three amorphous layers (R 0.33 ,Co 0.67 )( 1000 A / R ' 0.33 ,Co 0.67 ) 1000 A / (R 0.33 Co 0.67 ) 1000 A , have been prepared by dc triode sputtering (R, R' are rare-earth elements). The systems chosen are such that the bulk magnetization alternates from one layer to the next or the coercivity of each layer is significantly different. Magnetic transitions are observed under field. They have been quantitatively analyzed in terms of successive reversals of magnetization in the different layers. The creation or annihilation of planar Bloch walls parallel to the surface are associated with the magnetic transitions. The wall energy and wall width depend essentially on the competition between exchange energy and Zeeman energy. It is suggested that the existence of such Bloch walls may favor magnetization reversal in thin films by coherent processes

Ectopic Overexpression of a Novel R2R3-MYB, NtMYB2 from Chinese Narcissus Represses Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tobacco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Anwar

2018-03-01

Full Text Available R2R3 MYB transcription factors play key functions in the regulation of secondary metabolites. In the present study, a R2R3 MYB transcriptional factor NtMYB2 was identified from Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. Chinensis Roem and functionally characterized. NtMYB2 belongs to subgroup 4 of the R2R3 MYB transcription factor family that are related to repressor MYBs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin and flavonoids. Transient expression confirmed that NtMYB2 strongly reduced the red pigmentation induced by MYB- anthocyanin activators in agro-infiltrated tobacco leaves. Ectopic expression of NtMYB2 in tobacco significantly reduced the pigmentation and altered the floral phenotypes in transgenic tobacco flowers. Gene expression analysis suggested that NtMYB2 repressed the transcript levels of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, especially the UFGT gene. NtMYB2 gene is expressed in all examined narcissus tissues; the levels of transcription in petals and corona is higher than other tissues and the transcription level at the bud stage was highest. These results show that NtMYB2 is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and may act as a repressor by down regulating the transcripts of key enzyme genes in Chinese narcissus.

Ectopic Overexpression of a Novel R2R3-MYB, NtMYB2 from Chinese Narcissus Represses Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tobacco.

Science.gov (United States)

Anwar, Muhammad; Wang, Guiqing; Wu, Jiacheng; Waheed, Saquib; Allan, Andrew C; Zeng, Lihui

2018-03-28

R2R3 MYB transcription factors play key functions in the regulation of secondary metabolites. In the present study, a R2R3 MYB transcriptional factor NtMYB2 was identified from Chinese narcissus ( Narcissus tazetta L. var. Chinensis Roem) and functionally characterized. NtMYB2 belongs to subgroup 4 of the R2R3 MYB transcription factor family that are related to repressor MYBs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin and flavonoids. Transient expression confirmed that NtMYB2 strongly reduced the red pigmentation induced by MYB- anthocyanin activators in agro-infiltrated tobacco leaves. Ectopic expression of NtMYB2 in tobacco significantly reduced the pigmentation and altered the floral phenotypes in transgenic tobacco flowers. Gene expression analysis suggested that NtMYB2 repressed the transcript levels of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, especially the UFGT gene. NtMYB2 gene is expressed in all examined narcissus tissues; the levels of transcription in petals and corona is higher than other tissues and the transcription level at the bud stage was highest. These results show that NtMYB2 is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and may act as a repressor by down regulating the transcripts of key enzyme genes in Chinese narcissus.

Seymour Benzer and T4 rII

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 13; Issue 10. Seymour Benzer and T4 rII - Running the Map into the Ground. R Jayaraman. General Article Volume 13 Issue 10 October 2008 pp 898-908. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link:

Group ib organometallic chemistry. XXXIV. Thermal behaviour and chemical reactivity of tetranuclear Me2N-substituted diarypropenylcopper-copper anion (Vi2Cu4X2) and mixed diarylpropenyl/organocopper (Vi2Cu4R2) compounds

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoedt, R.W.M. ten; Koten, G. van; Noltes, J.G.

1980-01-01

Thermal decomposition of configurationally pure 1,2-diarylpropenylcopper compounds Z-Vi2CU4Br2 and Z-Vi2Cu4R2 [Vi = (2-Me2NC6H4)C=C(Me)-(C6H4Me-4), R = 2-Me2NC6H4 or 4-MeC6H4CC] predominantly results in the formation of ViH. In contrast, only dimers (ViVi) were formed on thermolysis of (Z-ViCu2OTf)η

Thermal expansion of phosphates with the NaZr2(PO4)3 structure containing lanthanides and zirconium: R0.33Zr2(PO4)3 (R = Nd, Eu, Er) and Er0.33(1–x) Zr0.25xZr2(PO4)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volgutov, V. Yu.; Orlova, A. I.

2015-01-01

Phosphates R 0.33 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (R = Nd, Eu, or Er) and Er 0.33(1–x) Zr 0.25 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) of the NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 family have been synthesized and investigated by high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The crystallochemical approach is used to obtain compounds with expected small and controllable thermal-expansion parameters. Phosphates with close-to-zero thermal-expansion parameters, including those with low thermal-expansion anisotropy, have been obtained: Nd 0.33 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 with α a =–2.21 × 10 −6 °C −1 , α c = 0.81 × 10 −6 °C −1 , and Δα = 3.02 × 10 −6 °C –1 and Er 0.08 Zr 0.19 Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 with α a =–1.86 × 10 −6 °C −1 , α c = 1.73 × 10 −6 °C −1 , and Δα = 3.58 × 10 −6 °C −1

A comparison of R-22, R-134a, R-410a, and R-407c condensation performance in smooth and enhanced tubes: Part 2, Pressure drop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eckels, S J; Tesene, B A

1999-07-01

This paper reports pressure drops during condensation for R-22, R-134a, R-410a, and R-407c in three enhanced tubes and one smooth tube. The test tubes were a 3/8 inch outer diameter smooth tube, a 3/8 inch outer diameter microfin tube, a 5/16 inch outer diameter microfin tube, and a 5/8 inch outer diameter microfin tube. Pressure drops are reported at four mass fluxes, at two saturation temperatures, and over a range of average qualities in the test tubes. The pressure drops for R-410a were approximately 40% lower than those of R-22 in both tubes. R-407c had 10% to 20% lower pressure drops than R-22, while 134-a had slightly larger pressure drops than R-22. The microfin tube pressure drops were, on average, 40% to 80% higher than those for the smooth tube for all refrigerants. The pressure drop penalty of the microfin tube was shown to decrease with increased quality.

Systematic study of photoluminescence upon band gap excitation in perovskite-type titanates R 1/2Na1/2TiO3:Pr (R=La, Gd, Lu, and Y)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inaguma, Yoshiyuki; Tsuchiya, Takeshi; Katsumata, Tetsuhiro

2007-01-01

Pr 3+ -doped perovskites R 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 :Pr (R=La, Gd, Lu, and Y) were synthesized, and their structures, optical absorption and luminescent properties were investigated, and the relationship between structures and optical properties are discussed. Optical band gap of R 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 increases in the order R=La, Gd, Y, and Lu, which is primarily due to a decrease in band width accompanied by a decrease in Ti-O-Ti bond angle. Intense red emission assigned to f-f transition of Pr 3+ from the excited 1 D 2 level to the ground 3 H 4 state upon the band gap photo-excitation (UV) was observed for all compounds. The wavelength of emission peaks was red-shifted in the order R=La, Gd, Y, and Lu, which originates from the increase in crystal field splitting of Pr 3+ . This is attributed to the decrease in inter-atomic distances of Pr-O together with the inter-atomic distances (R, Na)-O, i.e., increase in covalency between Pr and O. The results indicate that the luminescent properties in R 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 :Pr are governed by the relative energy level between the ground and excited state of 4f 2 for Pr 3+ , and the conduction and valence band, which is primarily dependent on the structure, e.g., the tilt of TiO 6 octahedra and the Pr-Ti inter-atomic distance and the site symmetry of Pr ion. - Graphical abstract: The red intense emission assigned to f-f transition of Pr 3+ from the excited 1 D 2 level to the ground 3 H 4 state upon the band gap photo-excitation (UV) was observed upon the band gap photo-excitation in perovskites R 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 :Pr(R=La, Gd, Lu, and Y). It was found that the systematic changes in their luminescent properties are strongly dependent on the structure

4D Art: corps réels et virtuels, une réalité augmentée

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Lemieux

2016-05-01

Full Text Available La compagnie canadienne 4D Art surprend le regard du public et interroge les sens de réalité et présence, par l’interaction scénique de corps réels et virtuels en mouvement. Pour comprendre le processus créateur des spectacles de 4D Art, on présente un entretien inédit réalisé avec les directeurs artistiques Michel Lemieux et Victor Pilon. Les motivations artistiques du jeu réel et virtuel, les procédés employés dans la création des figures virtuelles et les défis vécus par les acteurs sont exposés par les créateurs.

The Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist LY379268 Rescues Neuronal, Neurochemical and Motor Abnormalities in R6/2 Huntington’s Disease Mice

Science.gov (United States)

Reiner, A.; Lafferty, D.C.; Wang, H.B.; Del Mar, N.; Deng, Y.P.

2012-01-01

Excitotoxic injury to striatum by dysfunctional cortical input or aberrant glutamate uptake may contribute to Huntington’s Disease (HD) pathogenesis. Since corticostriatal terminals possess mGluR2/3 autoreceptors, whose activation dampens glutamate release, we tested the ability of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 to improve the phenotype in R6/2 HD mice with 120–125 CAG repeats. Daily subcutaneous injection of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LY379268 (20mg/kg) had no evident adverse effects in WT mice, and diverse benefits in R6/2 mice, both in a cohort of mice tested behaviorally until the end of R6/2 lifespan and in a cohort sacrificed at 10 weeks of age for blinded histological analysis. MTD LY379268 yielded a significant 11% increase in R6/2 survival, an improvement on rotarod, normalization and/or improvement in locomotor parameters measured in open field (activity, speed, acceleration, endurance, and gait), a rescue of a 15–20% cortical and striatal neuron loss, normalization of SP striatal neuron neurochemistry, and to a lesser extent enkephalinergic striatal neuron neurochemistry. Deficits were greater in male than female R6/2 mice, and drug benefit tended to be greater in males. The improvements in SP striatal neurons, which facilitate movement, are consistent with the improved movement in LY379268-treated R6/2 mice. Our data indicate that mGluR2/3 agonists may be particularly useful for ameliorating the morphological, neurochemical and motor defects observed in HD. PMID:22472187

Experiments towards establishing of design rules for R2R-UV-NIL with polymer working shims

Science.gov (United States)

Nees, Dieter; Ruttloff, Stephan; Palfinger, Ursula; Stadlober, Barbara

2016-03-01

Roll-to-Roll-UV-nanoimprint lithography (R2R-UV-NIL) enables high resolution large area patterning of flexible substrates and is therefore of increasing industrial interest. We have set up a custom-made R2R-UV-NIL pilot machine which is able to convert 10 inch wide web with velocities of up to 30 m/min. In addition, we have developed self-replicable UV-curable resins with tunable surface energy and Young's modulus for UV-imprint material as well as for polymer working stamp/shim manufacturing. Now we have designed test patterns for the evaluation of the impact of structure shape, critical dimension, pitch, depth, side wall angle and orientation relative to the web movement onto the imprint fidelity and working shim life time. We have used female (recessed structures) silicon masters of that design with critical dimensions between CD = 200 nm and 1600 nm, and structure depths of d = 500 nm and 1000 nm - all with vertical as well as inclined side walls. These entire master patterns have been transferred onto single male (protruding structures) R2R polymer working shims. The polymer working shims have been used for R2R-UV-NIL runs of several hundred meters and the imprint fidelity and process stability of the various test patterns have been compared. This study is intended as a first step towards establishing of design rules and developing of nanoimprint proximity correction strategies for industrial R2R-UV-NIL processes using polymer working shims.

miR398 and miR395 are involved in response to SO2 stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Lihong; Yi, Huilan; Xue, Meizhao; Yi, Min

2017-11-01

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a common air pollutant that has adverse effects on plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA that play critical roles in plant development and stress response. In this study, we found that two miRNAs, miR398 and miR395, were differentially expressed in Arabidopsis shoots under SO 2 stress. The expression of miR398 was down-regulated, and the transcript levels of its target genes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (CSD1 and CSD2), were increased during SO 2 exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of the major antioxidant enzymes, was enhanced with the increase in the CSD transcript level, suggesting an important role of miR398 in response to SO 2 -induced oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the expression of miR395 was increased, and the transcript levels of its target genes, ATP sulfurylases (APS3 and APS4) and a low-affinity sulfate transporter (SULTR2;1), were decreased in Arabidopsis shoots, showing that miR395 played important roles in the regulation of sulfate assimilation and translocation during SO 2 exposure. The content of glutathione (GSH), an important sulfur-containing antioxidant, was enhanced with the changes in sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis shoots under SO 2 stress. These results showed that both miR398 and miR395 were involved in protecting plants from oxidative damage during SO 2 exposure. Many stress-responsive cis-elements were found in the promoter regions of MIR398 and MIR395, suggesting that these miRNAs might respond to various environmental conditions, including SO 2 stress. Overall, our study provides an insight into the regulatory roles of miRNAs in response to SO 2 stress in plants, and highlights the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to environmental stress.

The Association of Circulating MiR-29b and Interleukin-6 with Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu-qing Huang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: Although it is widely acknowledged that atherosclerosis is mainly a chronic inflammatory process, in which both miR-29b and interleukin-6 (IL-6 play multifaceted roles, the association between miR-29b and IL-6 remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between miR-29b and IL-6 and to test whether circulating levels of miR-29b and IL-6 could predict atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 170 participants were divided into two groups according to carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT: study group (CIMT ≥ 0.9mm and control group (CIMT < 0.9mm. Levels of circulating miR-29b and IL-6 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, respectively. The association of miR-29b and IL-6 levels with CIMT was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The study group showed higher miR-29b levels (31.61 ± 3.05 vs. 27.91 ± 1.71 Ct, p < 0.001 and IL-6 levels (3.40 ± 0.67 vs. 2.99 ± 0.37 pg/ml, p < 0.001, compared with the control group. CIMT was positively correlated with miR-29b (r = 0.587, p < 0.001 and IL-6 (r = 0.410, p < 0.001, and miR-29b levels were also correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.242, p = 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis also showed that CIMT was positively correlated with miR-29b and IL-6. After adjustment for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein, CIMT was still closely correlated with miR-29b and IL-6. The combination of miR-29b and IL-6 (AUC = 0.901, p < 0.001 offered a better predictive index for atherosclerosis than either miR-29b (AUC = 0.867, p < 0.001 or IL-6 (AUC = 0.747, p < 0.001 alone. Conclusion: Circulating levels of miR-29b and IL-6 may be independently correlated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and may serve as novel biomarkers for the identification of atherosclerosis.