Ab initio determination of the nuclear quadrupole moments of 114In, 115In, and 117In

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Errico, Leonardo A.; Renteria, Mario

2006-01-01

We present here ab initio determinations of the nuclear-quadrupole moment Q of hyperfine-probe-nuclear states of three different In isotopes: the 5 + 192 keV excited state of 114 In (probe for nuclear quadrupole alignment spectroscopy), the 9/2 + ground state of 115 In (nuclear magnetic and nuclear quadrupole resonance probe), and the 3/2 + 659 keV excited state of 117 In (perturbed angular correlations probe). These nuclear-quadrupole moments were determined by comparing experimental nuclear-quadrupole frequencies to the electric field gradient tensor calculated with high accuracy at In sites in metallic indium within the density functional theory. These ab initio calculations were performed with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The results obtained for the quadrupole moments of 114 In [Q( 114 In)=-0.14(1) b] are in clear discrepancy with those reported in the literature [Q( 114 In)=+0.16(6) b and +0.739(12) b]. For 115 In and 117 In our results are in excellent agreement with the literature and in the last case Q( 117 In) is determined with more precision. In the case of Q( 117 In), its sign cannot be determined because standard γ-γ perturbed angular correlations experiments are not sensitive to the sign of the nuclear-quadrupole frequency

Transition quadrupole moments in the superdeformed band of 40Ca

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiara, C.J.; Ideguchi, E.; Devlin, M.; LaFosse, D.R.; Lerma, F.; Reviol, W.; Ryu, S.K.; Sarantites, D.G.; Baktash, C.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Carpenter, M.P.; Janssens, R.V.F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C.J.; Reiter, P.; Seweryniak, D.; Fallon, P.; Goergen, A.; Macchiavelli, A.O.; Rudolph, D.

2003-01-01

The transition quadrupole moments Q t for the superdeformed band in 40 Ca have been determined through thin-target Doppler-shift attenuation analyses. A best-fit value of Q t =1.30±0.05 e b is obtained when a single value is assumed for the entire band. Fitting separate quadrupole moments for in-band transitions decaying from the high-spin states and the presumably admixed low-spin states results in Q t (high)=1.81 -0.26 +0.41 e b and Q t (low)=1.18 -0.05 +0.06 e b, respectively. Q t values extracted for individual transitions in a Doppler-broadened line-shape analysis also indicate smaller Q t values at lower spins. These results are consistent with the interpretation of this band as an eight-particle-eight-hole superdeformed band with a significant admixture of less-collective configurations at low spins

Static quadrupole moment of the Kπ = 14+ isomer in 176W

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ionescu-Bujor, M.; Iordachescu, A.; Bucurescu, D.; Brandolini, F.; Lenzi, S. M.; Pavan, P.; Rossi Alvarez, C.; Marginean, N.; Medina, N.H.; Ribas, R.V.; De Poli, M.; Napoli, D. R.; Podolyak, Zs.; Ur, C. A.

2001-01-01

The investigation of high-K isomeric states in the deformed nuclei of the A∼180 region has found renewed interest in recent years. Much experimental and theoretical work was devoted to understand the mechanisms which govern their decay to lower-lying states, particularly the anomalous strong decays to low-K states. Other questions of great importance are the quenching of the pairing correlations and the shape polarization effects in the high-seniority multi-quasiparticle excitations. Our interest focused on the 41 ns K π =14 + 3746 keV isomeric state with anomalous decay in 176 W. On the basis of a precise g-factor measurement we assigned to this isomer a pure four-quasiparticle configuration, composed by two protons in the 7/2 + [404] and 9/2 - [514] orbitals and two neutrons in the 7/2 + [633] and 5/2 - [512] orbitals. In the present work the measurement of its static quadrupole moment has been performed. Prior to our experiment, static quadrupole moments have been measured only for three high-K isomeric states of seniority ≥ 4 in the A∼180 region: 16 + in 178 Hf, 35/2 - in 179 W and 25 + in 182 Os. A deformation very similar to that of the ground state has been deduced for the 16 + isomer in 178 Hf, while for the high-K isomers in 179 W and 182 Os significantly smaller deformations were reported. The quadrupole interaction of the 14 + isomeric state in 176 W has been investigated in the electric field gradient (EFG) of the polycrystalline lattice of metallic Tl by applying the time-differential perturbed angular distribution method. For W impurities in Tl host the EFG strength and its temperature dependence have been recently reported. The isomer was populated in the 164 Dy( 16 O,4n) 176 W reaction using a 83 MeV 16 O pulsed beam (pulse width 1.5 ns, repetition period 800 ns) delivered by the XTU-Tandem of Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. The target consisted of 0.5 mg/cm 2 metallic 164 Dy on thick Tl backing in which both the recoiling 176 W nuclei and

Extracting the Omega- electric quadrupole moment from lattice QCD data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

G. Ramalho, M.T. Pena

2011-03-01

The Omega- has an extremely long lifetime, and is the most stable of the baryons with spin 3/2. Therefore the Omega- magnetic moment is very accurately known. Nevertheless, its electric quadrupole moment was never measured, although estimates exist in different formalisms. In principle, lattice QCD simulations provide at present the most appropriate way to estimate the Omega- form factors, as function of the square of the transferred four-momentum, Q2, since it describes baryon systems at the physical mass for the strange quark. However, lattice QCD form factors, and in particular GE2, are determined at finite Q2 only, and the extraction of the electric quadrupole moment, Q_Omega= GE2(0) e/(2 M_Omega), involves an extrapolation of the numerical lattice results. In this work we reproduce the lattice QCD data with a covariant spectator quark model for Omega- which includes a mixture of S and two D states for the relative quark-diquark motion. Once the model is calibrated, it is used to determine Q_Omega. Our prediction is Q_Omega= (0.96 +/- 0.02)*10^(-2) efm2 [GE2(0)=0.680 +/- 0.012].

Electric quadrupole moments of {beta}-emitter {sup 21}F and {sup 23}Mg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Onishi, Takashi; Matsuta, Kensaku; Fukuda, Mitsunori [Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Faculty of Science] [and others

1997-03-01

For the systematic study of nuclear electromagnetic moments, electric quadrupole moments Q of {beta}-emitting nuclei {sup 21}F and {sup 23}Mg have been measured for the first time through combined technique of the polarized nuclear beams and {beta}-NMR technique. From the quadrupole coupling constants of {sup 21}F and {sup 23}Mg in MgF{sub 2} single crystal, the ratios of the Q`s with the known Q were determined as |Q({sup 21}F)|/|Q({sup 19}F{sup *})|=1.001{+-}0.034 and |Q({sup 23}Mg)|/|Q({sup 25}Mg)|=0.571{+-}0.017. (author)

Nuclear spins, magnetic moments and quadrupole moments of Cu isotopes from N = 28 to N = 46: probes for core polarization effects

CERN Document Server

Vingerhoets, P; Avgoulea, M; Billowes, J; Bissell, M L; Blaum, K; Brown, B A; Cheal, B; De Rydt, M; Forest, D H; Geppert, Ch; Honma, M; Kowalska, M; Kramer, J; Krieger, A; Mane, E; Neugart, R; Neyens, G; Nortershauser, W; Otsuka, T; Schug, M; Stroke, H H; Tungate, G; Yordanov, D T

2010-01-01

Measurements of the ground-state nuclear spins, magnetic and quadrupole moments of the copper isotopes from 61Cu up to 75Cu are reported. The experiments were performed at the ISOLDE facility, using the technique of collinear laser spectroscopy. The trend in the magnetic moments between the N=28 and N=50 shell closures is reasonably reproduced by large-scale shell-model calculations starting from a 56Ni core. The quadrupole moments reveal a strong polarization of the underlying Ni core when the neutron shell is opened, which is however strongly reduced at N=40 due to the parity change between the $pf$ and $g$ orbits. No enhanced core polarization is seen beyond N=40. Deviations between measured and calculated moments are attributed to the softness of the 56Ni core and weakening of the Z=28 and N=28 shell gaps.

Measurement of the quadrupole moments of the strongly deformed nuclei 18173Ta108 and 18375Re108 by hyperfine interaction in metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Netz, G.

1974-01-01

The quadrupole moments of two single particle proton states were measured in the strongly deformed nuclei region. Both measurements are independent of model because the field gradient is known in a rhenium lattice as well as at the nucleus site of a rhenium atom and also at the nucleus site of an incorporated tantalum atom. The quadrupole moments could thus be directly extracted from the quadrupole interaction frequency, the product of quadrupole moment and field gradient. For the 482 keV state (I = 5/2 + ) in 181 73 Ta 108 one obtains a quadrupole moment of: Q (5/2) = 2.5 +- 0.2 barn. For the 496 keV state (I = 9/2 - ) in 183 75 Re 108 , a quadrupole moment of: Q (0/2) = 3.6 +- 0.4 barn is found. This value agrees well with other experimental data within the framework of the collective model. (orig./LH) [de

Erratum to: Quadrupole moments of low-lying baryons with spin ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

physics pp. 1083. Erratum to: Quadrupole moments of low-lying baryons with spin-. 1. 2. +. , spin-. 3. 2. +. , and spin-. 3. 2. +. → 1. 2. + transitions. NEETIKA SHARMA and HARLEEN DAHIYA. ∗. Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology,. Jalandhar 144 011, India. ∗. Corresponding author.

Reorientation precession measurements of quadrupole moments in 103Rh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gelberg, A.; Herskind, B.; Kalish, R.; Neiman, M.

1976-01-01

The quadrupole moments of the 3/2 - and 5/2 - states in 103 Rh have been determined by measuring the precession of the gamma-ray angular distribution following Coulomb excitation; 16 O and 32 S beams have been used. The structure of the negative-parity states in 103 Rh is found to be in agreement with the model of Arima and Iachello. (orig.) [de

Precise calculations of the deuteron quadrupole moment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, Franz L. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

2016-06-01

Recently, two calculations of the deuteron quadrupole moment have have given predictions that agree with the measured value to within 1%, resolving a long-standing discrepancy. One of these uses the covariant spectator theory (CST) and the other chiral effective field theory (cEFT). In this talk I will first briefly review the foundations and history of the CST, and then compare these two calculations with emphasis on how the same physical processes are being described using very different language. The comparison of the two methods gives new insights into the dynamics of the low energy NN interaction.

Quadrupole moments of the 12+ isomers in 188Hg and 190Hg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dracoulis, G.D.; Lonnroth, T.; Vajda, S.; Dafni, E.; Schatz, G.

1984-01-01

The electric quadrupole interaction of the 12 + isomers in 188 Hg and 190 Hg has been measured in solid Hg. The quadrupole moments deduced, vertical strokeQ[ 188 Hg(12 + )]vertical stroke = 91(11) e fm 2 and vertical strokeQ[ 190 Hg(12 + )]vertical stroke = 117(14) e fm 2 suggest a possible change in γ-deformation due to the rotation alignment of the isub(13/2) quasi-neutrons. The temperature dependence of the electric field gradient tensor in Hg was also determined. (orig.)

The reorientation precession technique, REPREC, and the quadrupole moments of /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd. [Sum rules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasselgren, L; Fahlander, C; Edvardson, L O; Thun, J E; Falk, F; Ghumman, B S

1975-04-01

The orientation precession technique, REPREC, for measurements of quadrupole moments is described. The application of REPREC to the measurement of the static electric quadrupole moments of the first excited 2/sup +/-states in /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd is presented. The possibility to measure the matrix product P/sub 4/ = M/sub 02/M/sub 22/,M/sub 02/M/sub 22/ is also discussed. Such measurements are presented for /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd. The results of these measurements are P/sub 4/O for both /sup 108/Pd and /sup 110/Pd. For /sup 108/Pd the quadrupole moment of the first excited 2/sup +/-state was found to be -.66 +- .18 eb and for /sup 110/Pd -.72 +- .14 eb. Intrinsic nuclear properties for /sup 106 -110/Pd are derived using the sum rules suggested by Kumar.

Electric quadrupole moments of neutron-rich nuclei {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kameda, D., E-mail: kameda@ribf.riken.jp; Ueno, H. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Asahi, K.; Nagae, D.; Takemura, M.; Shimada, K. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Yoshimi, A.; Nagatomo, T.; Sugimoto, T. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Uchida, M.; Arai, T.; Takase, K.; Suda, S.; Inoue, T. [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics (Japan); Murata, J.; Kawamura, H. [Rikkyo University, Department of Physics (Japan); Watanabe, H. [Australian National University, Department of Nuclear Physics (Australia); Kobayashi, Y.; Ishihara, M. [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan)

2007-11-15

The electric quadrupole moments for the ground states of {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al have been measured by the {beta} ray-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance method. Spin-polarized {sup 32}Al and {sup 31}Al nuclei were obtained from the fragmentation of {sup 40}Ar projectiles at E/A = 95 MeV/nucleon, and were implanted in a single crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} stopper. The measured Q moment of {sup 32}Al, |Q({sup 32}Al)| = 24(2) mb, is in good agreement with a conventional shell-model calculation with a full sd model space and empirical effective charges, while that of {sup 31}Al is considerably smaller than the sd calculations.

Measurements of electric quadrupole moments of neutron-deficient Au, Pt, and Ir nuclei with NMR-ON in hcp-Co

CERN Multimedia

Smolic, E; Hagn, E; Zech, E; Seewald, G

2002-01-01

The aim of the experiments is the measurement of $\\,$i) nuclear magnetic moments and electric quadrupole moments of neutron-deficient isotopes in the region Os-Ir-Pt-Au with the methods of quadrupole-interaction-resolved NMR on oriented nuclei " QI-NMR-ON " and modulated adiabatic passage on oriented nuclei " MAPON " and $\\,$ii) the magnetic hyperfine field, electric field gradient (EFG), and spin-lattice relaxation of 5d elements in ferromagnetic Fe, Ni, fcc-Co and hcp-Co.\\\\ The measurements on Au isotopes have been finished successfully. The quadrupole moments of $^{186}$Au, $^{193m}$Au, $^{195}$Au, $^{195m}$Au, $^{197m}$Au, $^{198}$Au and $^{199}$Au were determined with high precision.\\\\ For neutron-deficient Ir isotopes QI-NMR-ON measurements were performed after implantation of Hg precursors. The EFG of Ir in hcp-Co has been calibrated. Thus precise values for the spectroscopic quadrupole mo...

Quadrupole moments of Cd and Zn nuclei: When solid-state, molecular, atomic, and nuclear theory meet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haas, Heinz; Sauer, Stephan P. A.; Hemmingsen, Lars Bo Stegeager

2017-01-01

The nuclear quadrupole moment (Q) of the 5/2+ isomeric state of 111Cd, of particular importance to the interpretation of Perturbed Angular Correlation experiments in condensed matter, was determined by combining existing PAC data with high-level ab initio (CCSD(T)) calculations for Cd-dimethyl an......The nuclear quadrupole moment (Q) of the 5/2+ isomeric state of 111Cd, of particular importance to the interpretation of Perturbed Angular Correlation experiments in condensed matter, was determined by combining existing PAC data with high-level ab initio (CCSD(T)) calculations for Cd...

Determination of nuclear quadrupole moments – An example of the synergy of ab initio calculations and microwave spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kellö, Vladimir [Department of Physical Chemistry, Comenius University, SK-842 15 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2015-01-22

Highly correlated scalar relativistic calculations of electric field gradients at nuclei in diatomic molecules in combination with accurate nuclear quadrupole coupling constants obtained from microwave spectroscopy are used for determination of nuclear quadrupole moments.

Quadrupole moments of odd-A 53−63Mn: Onset of collectivity towards N=40

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Babcock

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the odd–even Mn isotopes between N=28 and N=38 have been measured using bunched-beam collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE, CERN. In order to increase sensitivity to the quadrupole interaction, the measurements have been done using a transition in the ion rather than in the atom, with the additional advantage of better spectroscopic efficiency. Since the chosen transition is from a metastable state, optical pumping in ISOLDE's cooler and buncher (ISCOOL was used to populate this state. The extracted quadrupole moments are compared to large-scale shell model predictions using three effective interactions, GXPF1A, LNPS and modified A3DA. The inclusion of both the 1νg9/2 and 2νd5/2 orbitals in the model space is shown to be necessary to reproduce the observed increase in the quadrupole deformation from N=36 onwards. Specifically, the inclusion of the 2νd5/2 orbital induces an increase in neutron and proton excitations across the reduced gaps at N=40 and Z=28, leading to an increase in deformation above N=36.

The quadrupole moments of Cd and Zn isotopes - an apology

Science.gov (United States)

Haas, H.; Barbosa, M. B.; Correia, J. G.

2016-12-01

In 2010 we presented an update of the nuclear quadrupole moments (Q) for the Cd and Zn isotopes, based essentially on straightforward density functional (DF) calculations (H. Haas and J.G. Correia, Hyperfine Interact 198, 133-137 (2010)). It has been apparent for some years that the standard DF procedure obviously fails, however, to reproduce the known electric-field gradient (EFG) for various systems, typical cases being Cu2O, As and Sb, and the solid halogens. Recently a cure for this deficiency has been found in the hybrid DF technique. This method is now applied to solid Cd and Zn, and the resultant quadrupole moments are about 15 % smaller than in our earlier report. Also nuclear systematics, using the recently revised values of Q for the long-lived 11/2 isomers in111Cd to129Cd, together with earlier PAD data for107,109Cd, leads to the same conclusion. In addition, EFG calculations for the cadmium dimethyl molecule further support the new values: Q(111Cd, 5/2+) = .683(20) b, Q(67Zn, gs) = .132(5) b. This implies, that the value for the atomic EFG in the 3it {P}1 state of Zn must be revised, as it has been for Cd.

Table of Nuclear Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stone, N.J.

2011-04-01

This Table is a compilation of experimental measurements of static magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of ground states and excited states of atomic nuclei throughout the periodic table. To aid identification of the states, their excitation energy, half-life, spin and parity are given, along with a brief indication of the method and any reference standard used in the particular measurement. The literature search covers the period to late 2010. Many of the entries prior to 1988 follow those in Raghavan P., Atomic and Nuclear Data Tables 42, 189 (1989). (author)

Table of Nuclear Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stone, N.J.

2014-02-01

This Table is a compilation of experimental measurements of static magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of ground states and excited states of atomic nuclei throughout the periodic table. To aid identification of the states, their excitation energy, half-life, spin and parity are given, along with a brief indication of the method and any reference standard used in the particular measurement. The literature search covers the period to early 2014. Many of the entries prior to 1988 follow those in Raghavan P., Atomic and Nuclear Data Tables 42, 189 (1989). (author)

Hyperfine structure in the Gd II spectrum and the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of 157Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clieves, H.P.; Steudel, A.

1979-01-01

The hyperfine structure of 157 Gd was investigated in 20 Gd II lines by means of a photoelectric recording Fabry-Perot interferometer with digital data processing. The hyperfine splitting factors, A and B, were obtained by computer fits to the observed line structures. Using a multiconfigurational set of wave functions in intermediate coupling derived by Wyart, mono-electronic parameters were deduced by a parametric treatment. The nuclear electric quadrupole moment of 157 Gd was evaluated from the quadrupole interaction of the 5d electron in 4f 7 5d6s, the 5d electron in 4f 7 5d6p, and the 6p electron in 4f 7 5d6p. The three values obtained for the quadrupole moment agree very well. The final result, corrected for Sternheimer shielding, is Q( 157 Gd) = 1.34(7) x 10 -24 cm 2 . (orig.) [de

Laser-induced fluorescences due to quadrupole moment transition and Stark effect in a He glow discharge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakai, Hisashi; Takiyama, Ken; Kimura, Masahiko; Yamasaki, Motokuni; Fujita, Toshiaki; Oda, Toshiatsu; Kawasaki, Ken.

1993-01-01

The electric quadrupole moment transition and the Stark effect are investigated in a He hollow cathode discharge with laser-induced fluorescence method. It is shown that the forbidden transition from 2 1 S to 3 1 D in the negative glow is dominantly due to the quadrupole moment transition. This absorption coefficient is obtained from the laser-induced fluorescence intensity measurement in which the collisional transfers are taken into account. The result agrees with the theoretical coefficient. In the cathode dark space the fluorescence due to the Stark effect is also observed. Spatial distribution of the fluorescence is discussed, compared with the electric field distribution in the dark space. (author)

LEMS: application of the method to study the static quadrupole moment of the K=35/2 isomer in 179W

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neyens, G.; Vyvey, K.; Byrne, A.P.; Dracoulis, G.D.; Blaha, P.

1997-01-01

The method of the level mixing spectroscopy (LEMS) was applied for the first time for the study of the static quadrupole moments of high-K isomers in the A∼180 mass region. Results from a preliminary experiment for the static quadrupole moment of the 35/2 - (750 ns) isomer in 179 W give a limit for its upper value Q 2 <0.343. (orig.). With 1 fig

Reorientation precession measurements on /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd and the quadrupole moments of their first 2/sup +/ states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasselgren, L; Fahlander, C; Falk, F; Edvardson, L O; Thun, J E; Ghuman, B S [Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Fysiska Institutionen; Skaali, B [Oslo Univ. (Norway). Fysisk Institutt

1976-06-28

The reorientation precession technique, REPREC, for measurements of quadrupole moments is described. The application of REPREC to the measurement of the static electric quadrupole moments of the first excited 2/sup +/ states in /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd is presented. The possibility to measure the sign of the matrix product P/sub 4/ = M/sub 02/Msub(22')Msub(02')M/sub 22/ is also discussed. Such measurements are presented for /sup 108/ /sup 110/Pd. The results of these measurements are P/sub 4/ < 0 for both /sup 108/Pd and /sup 110/Pd. For /sup 108/Pd the quadrupole moment of the first excited 2/sup +/ state was found to be -0.66+-0.18e.b and for /sup 110/Pd, -0.72+-0.14e.b. Intrinsic nuclear properties for /sup 106 -110/Pd are derived using the sum rules suggested by Kumar.

The quadrupole moment of the first 3- state in 208Pb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joye, A.M.R.; Baxter, A.M.; Fewell, M.P.; Kean, D.C.; Spear, R.H.

1977-04-01

The B(E3; 0 + →3 - ) and quadrupole moment, Qsub(3 - ), of the first excited state of 208 Pb have been measured by the reorientation effect in Coulomb excitation, giving B(E3; 0 + →3 - ) = 0.665 +- E 2 B 3 and Qsub(3 - ) = -0.42 +- 0.32 EB. This value for Qsub(3 - ) is much smaller in magnitude than those obtained by Barnett et al., and is consistent with most theoretical predictions. (Author)

Measurement of the ground state spectroscopic quadrupole moments of 191Os and 193Os

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ernst, H.; Hagn, E.; Zech, E.

1979-01-01

Radioactive 191 Os and 193 Os nuclei have been aligned in an Os single crystal at temperatures down to 4 mK. From the temperature dependence of the γ-anisotropy the quadrupole frequencies vsub(Q) = e 2 qQ/h have been determined as vsub(Q)( 191 OsOs) = -278+-9 MHz and vsub(Q)( 193 OsOs) = -96+-15 MHz. With the known electric field gradient for OsOs of eq = (-4.54+-0.24) x 10 17 V/cm 2 the ground state spectroscopic quadrupole moments are deduced to be Q( 191 Os) = +2.53+-0.16 b and Q( 193 Os) = +0.87+-0.15 b. (orig.)

Hyperfine interaction of {sup 25}Al in {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and its quadrupole moment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuta, K., E-mail: matsuta@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp; Mihara, M. [Osaka University, Department of Physics (Japan); Nagatomo, T. [RIKEN (Japan); Matsumiya, R. [Osaka University, Department of Physics (Japan); Momota, S. [Kochi University of Technology (Japan); Ohtsubo, T. [Niigata University, Department of Physics (Japan); Izumikawa, T. [Niigata University, Radioisotope Center (Japan); Hirano, H.; Takahashi, S. [Niigata University, Department of Physics (Japan); Nishimura, D.; Komurasaki, J. [Osaka University, Department of Physics (Japan); Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Sato, S. [National Institute of Radiological Sciences (Japan); Fukuda, M. [Osaka University, Department of Physics (Japan); Minamisono, T. [Fukui University of Technology (Japan); Sumikama, T. [Tokyo University of Science (Japan); Tanaka, K.; Takechi, M. [RIKEN (Japan)

2007-11-15

The electric quadrupole (Q) moment of short-lived nucleus {sup 25}Al (I{sup {pi}} = 5/2{sup +}, T{sub 1/2} = 7.18 s) has been measured for the first time, by means of the {beta}-NQR technique. The spin polarization of {sup 25}Al was produced in heavy ion collisions and was kept in a {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} single crystal for as long as 2 s and the quadrupole coupling frequency was obtained as vertical bar eqQ / h({sup 25}Al in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) vertical bar = (4.05 {+-}0.30) MHz. From the result, the Q moment was determined as |Q({sup 25}Al)| = (240 {+-}20) mb. The present Q moment is larger by 30% than the shell model value of 184 mb, calculated by OXBASH code, which may show additional deformation of the nucleus.

Sudden change of quadrupole moment between the first 5/2- states of 197Hg and 199Hg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herzog, P.; Krien, K.; Freitag, M.; Reuschenbach, M.; Walitzki, H.

1980-01-01

Low-temperature time differential perturbed angular correlation experiments with the 164 KeV-134 keV cascade of sup(197m)Hg in a zinc matrix give evidence that the hitherto accepted value of the quadrupole moment of the first 5/2 - state of 197 Hg is erroneous. A new value is derived from a time differential perturbed angular correlation experiment with the 374 keV-158 keV cascade of sup(199m)Hg implanted into a Be single crystal and comparison with an analogous experiment for sup(197m)Hg. Taking Q(5/2 - , 199 Hg) = +0.95(7) b we derive Q(5/2 - , 197 Hg) = 0.081(6) b. This change of quadrupole moment is discussed in the framework of the shell model. (orig.)

The g-factor and the electric quadrupole moment of the 7/2+ isomer in 125Xe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alber, D.; Bertschat, H.H.; Grawe, H.; Haas, H.; Mahnke, H.E.; Menningen, M.; Semmler, W.; Sielemann, R.; Zeitz, W.D.; Freie Univ. Berlin

1983-01-01

The time differential perturbed angular distribution method (PAD) was used to measure the g-factor and the electric quadrupole interaction in a Cd single crystal for the tsub(1/2)=140 ns, Isup(π)=7/2 + isomer in 125 Xe. The g-factor is g=+0.264(10) and the quadrupole coupling constant e 2 Qq/h=122.1(6) MHz at 552 K. The lifetime of the Isup(π)=11/2 + state was measured to be tau=11.3(1.1) ps by the recoil distance method (RDM). From an analysis of the spectroscopic data using the triaxial-rotor-pulse-particle (TRPP) model the quadrupole moment of the 7/2 + isomer is deduced to be Q=1.40(15) b yielding an electric field gradient (efg) eq=3.6(4)x10 17 V/cm 2 for Xe Cd. (orig.)

The g-factor and the electric quadrupole moment of the 7/2+ isomer in 125Xe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alber, D.; Bertschat, H.H.; Grawe, H.; Haas, H.; Mahnke, H.E.; Menningen, M.; Semmler, W.; Sielemann, R.; Zeitz, W.D.

1983-01-01

The time differential perturbed angular distribution method (PAD) was used to measure the g-factor and the electric quadrupole interaction in a Cd single crystal for the tsub(1/2) = 140 ns, Isup(π) = 7/2 + isomer in 125 Xe. The g-factor is g = +0.264(10) and the quadrupole coupling constant e 2 Qq/h = 122.1(6) MHz at 552 K. The lifetime of the Isup(π) = 11/2 + state was measured to be tau = 11.3(1.1) ps by the recoil distance method (RDM). From an analysis of the spectroscopic data using the triaxial-rotor-plus-particle (TRPP) model the quadrupole moment of the 7/2 + isomer is deduced to be Q = 1.40(15) b yielding an electric field gradient (efg) eq = 3.6(4)x10 17 V/cm 2 for Xe Cd. (orig.)

Control of systematic uncertainties in the storage ring search for an electric dipole moment by measuring the electric quadrupole moment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrzej Magiera

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Measurements of electric dipole moment (EDM for light hadrons with use of a storage ring have been proposed. The expected effect is very small, therefore various subtle effects need to be considered. In particular, interaction of particle’s magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment with electromagnetic field gradients can produce an effect of a similar order of magnitude as that expected for EDM. This paper describes a very promising method employing an rf Wien filter, allowing to disentangle that contribution from the genuine EDM effect. It is shown that both these effects could be separated by the proper setting of the rf Wien filter frequency and phase. In the EDM measurement the magnitude of systematic uncertainties plays a key role and they should be under strict control. It is shown that particles’ interaction with field gradients offers also the possibility to estimate global systematic uncertainties with the precision necessary for an EDM measurement with the planned accuracy.

Control of systematic uncertainties in the storage ring search for an electric dipole moment by measuring the electric quadrupole moment

Science.gov (United States)

Magiera, Andrzej

2017-09-01

Measurements of electric dipole moment (EDM) for light hadrons with use of a storage ring have been proposed. The expected effect is very small, therefore various subtle effects need to be considered. In particular, interaction of particle's magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment with electromagnetic field gradients can produce an effect of a similar order of magnitude as that expected for EDM. This paper describes a very promising method employing an rf Wien filter, allowing to disentangle that contribution from the genuine EDM effect. It is shown that both these effects could be separated by the proper setting of the rf Wien filter frequency and phase. In the EDM measurement the magnitude of systematic uncertainties plays a key role and they should be under strict control. It is shown that particles' interaction with field gradients offers also the possibility to estimate global systematic uncertainties with the precision necessary for an EDM measurement with the planned accuracy.

The 1.5 post-Newtonian radiative quadrupole moment in the context of a nonlocal field theory of gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Dirkes, Alain

2018-04-01

We recently suggested a nonlocal modification of Einstein’s field equations in which Newton’s constant G was promoted to a covariant differential operator G_Λ(\\Box_g) . The latter contains two independent contributions which operate respectively in the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) energy regimes. In the light of the recent direct gravitational radiation measurements we aim to determine the UV-modified 1.5 post-Newtonian radiative quadrupole moment of a generic n-body system. We eventually use these preliminary results in the context of a binary system and observe that in the limit vanishing UV parameters we precisely recover the corresponding general relativistic results. Moreover we notice that the leading order deviation of the UV-modified radiative quadrupole moment numerically coincides with findings obtained in the framework of calculations performed previously in the context of the perihelion precession of Mercury.

The charge form factor, the quadrupole moment and the photodisintegration of 6Li

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Susila, S.; Srinivasa Rao, K.

1981-01-01

The root mean square radius, the charge form factor, the charge density, the quadrupole moment and the bremsstrahlung weighted cross section for the photodisintegration of 6 Li, are calculated using a polarised cluster model wave function, which is modified to take into account, in its relative motion part, the requirement of a shell model node. A set of parameters, in the modified cluster model wave function, which account for the available experimental data for the afore-said quantities, is determined. (author)

Rotating effects on the Landau quantization for an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fonseca, I. C.; Bakke, K., E-mail: kbakke@fisica.ufpb.br [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5008, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970 (Brazil)

2016-01-07

Based on the single particle approximation [Dmitriev et al., Phys. Rev. C 50, 2358 (1994) and C.-C. Chen, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2611 (1995)], the Landau quantization associated with an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment is introduced, and then, rotating effects on this analogue of the Landau quantization is investigated. It is shown that rotating effects can modify the cyclotron frequency and breaks the degeneracy of the analogue of the Landau levels.

Rotating effects on the Landau quantization for an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseca, I. C.; Bakke, K.

2016-01-01

Based on the single particle approximation [Dmitriev et al., Phys. Rev. C 50, 2358 (1994) and C.-C. Chen, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2611 (1995)], the Landau quantization associated with an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment is introduced, and then, rotating effects on this analogue of the Landau quantization is investigated. It is shown that rotating effects can modify the cyclotron frequency and breaks the degeneracy of the analogue of the Landau levels.

Rotating effects on the Landau quantization for an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, I. C.; Bakke, K.

2016-01-01

Based on the single particle approximation [Dmitriev et al., Phys. Rev. C 50, 2358 (1994) and C.-C. Chen, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2611 (1995)], the Landau quantization associated with an atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment is introduced, and then, rotating effects on this analogue of the Landau quantization is investigated. It is shown that rotating effects can modify the cyclotron frequency and breaks the degeneracy of the analogue of the Landau levels

Generalized Kerr spacetime with an arbitrary mass quadrupole moment: geometric properties versus particle motion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bini, Donato; Geralico, Andrea; Luongo, Orlando; Quevedo, Hernando

2009-01-01

An exact solution of Einstein's field equations in empty space first found in 1985 by Quevedo and Mashhoon is analyzed in detail. This solution generalizes Kerr spacetime to include the case of matter with an arbitrary mass quadrupole moment and is specified by three parameters, the mass M, the angular momentum per unit mass a and the quadrupole parameter q. It reduces to the Kerr spacetime in the limiting case q = 0 and to the Erez-Rosen spacetime when the specific angular momentum a vanishes. The geometrical properties of such a solution are investigated. Causality violations, directional singularities and repulsive effects occur in the region close to the source. Geodesic motion and accelerated motion are studied on the equatorial plane which, due to the reflection symmetry property of the solution, also turns out to be a geodesic plane.

Does the small CMB quadrupole moment suggest new physics?

CERN Document Server

Cline, J M; Lesgourgues, Julien; Cline, James M.; Crotty, Patrick; Lesgourgues, Julien

2003-01-01

Motivated by WMAP's confirmation of an anomalously low value of the quadrupole moment of the CMB temperature fluctuations, we investigate the effects on the CMB of cutting off the primordial power spectrum P(k) at low wave numbers. This could arise, for example, from a break in the inflaton potential, a prior period of matter or radiation domination, or an oscillating scalar field which couples to the inflaton. We reanalyze the full WMAP parameter space supplemented by a low-k cutoff for P(k). The temperature correlations by themselves are better fit by a cutoff spectrum, but including the TE temperature-polarization spectrum reduces this preference to a 1.4 sigma effect. Inclusion of large scale structure data does not change the conclusion. If taken seriously, the low-k cutoff is correlated with optical depth so that reionization occurs even earlier than indicated by the WMAP analysis.

Quadrupole moments of highly deformed structures in the A ∼ 135 region: Probing the single-particle motion in a rotating potential

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laird, R.W.; Riley, M.A.; Brown, T.B.; Pfohl, J.; Sheline, R.K.; Kondev, F.G.; Archer, D.E.; Clark, R.M.; Fallon, P.; Devlin, M.; LaFosse, D.R.; Sarantites, D.G.; Hartley, D.J.; Hibbert, I.M.; O'Brien, N.J.; Wadsworth, R.; Joss, D.T.; Nolan, P.J.; Paul, E.S.; Shepherd, S.L.

2002-01-01

The latest generation γ-ray detection system, GAMMASPHERE, coupled with the Microball charged-particle detector, has made possible a new class of nuclear lifetime measurement. For the first time differential lifetime measurements free from common systematic errors for over 15 different nuclei (>30 rotational bands in various isotopes of Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, and Sm) have been extracted at high spin within a single experiment. This comprehensive study establishes the effective single-particle transition quadrupole moments in the A∼135 light rare-earth region. Detailed comparisons are made with theoretical calculations using the self-consistent cranked mean-field theory which convincingly demonstrates the validity of the additivity of single-particle quadrupole moments in this mass region

Electric quadrupole moments and strong interaction effects in pionic atoms of 165Ho, 175Lu, 176Lu, 179Hf and 181Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olaniyi, B.; Shor, A.; Cheng, S.C.; Dugan, G.; Wu, C.S.

1981-05-01

The effective quadrupole moments Q sub(eff) of the nuclei of 165 Ho, 175 Lu, 176 Lu, 179 Hf and 181 Ta were accurately measured by detecting the pionic atom 5g-4f x-rays of the elements. The spectroscopic quadrupole moments, Q sub(spec), were obtained by correcting Q sub(eff) for nuclear finite size effect, distortion of the pion wave function by the pion-nucleus strong interaction, and contribution to the energy level splittings by the strong interaction. The intrinsic quadrupole moments, Q 0 , were obtained by projecting Q sub(spec) into the frame of reference fixed on the nucleus. The shift, epsilon 0 , and broadening, GAMMA 0 , of the 4f energy level due to the strong interactions between the pion and the nucleons for all the elements were also measured. Theoretical values of epsilon 0 and GAMMA 0 were calculated and compared to the experimental values. The measured values of Q 0 were compared with the existing results in muonic and pionic atoms. The measured values of epsilon 0 and GAMMA 0 were also compared with existing values. (auth)

THE FORTUITOUS LATITUDE OF THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY AND TELESCOPE ARRAY FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE QUADRUPOLE MOMENT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Denton, Peter B.; Weiler, Thomas J.

2015-01-01

Determining anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays at the highest energy is an important task in astrophysics. It is common and useful to partition the sky into spherical harmonics as a measure of anisotropy. The two lowest nontrivial spherical harmonics, the dipole and the quadrupole, are of particular interest, since these distributions encapsulate a dominant single source and a plane of sources, as well as offering relatively high statistics. The best experiments for the detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays currently are all ground-based, with highly nonuniform exposures on the sky resulting from the fixed experimental locations on the Earth. This nonuniform exposure increases the complexity and error in inferring anisotropies. It turns out that there is an optimal latitude for an experiment at which nonuniform exposure does not diminish the inference of the quadrupole moment. We derive the optimal latitude and find that (presumably by a fortuitous coincidence) this optimal latitude runs through the largest cosmic ray experiment, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) in the Southern Hemisphere, and close to the largest cosmic ray experiment in the Northern Hemisphere, the Telescope Array (TA). Consequently, assuming a quadrupole distribution, PAO and TA can reconstruct the cosmic ray quadrupole distribution to a high precision without concern for their partial sky exposure

The quadrupole moment of the first excited state of 18O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fewel, M.P.; Baxter, A.M.; Kean, D.C.; Spear, R.H.

1976-11-01

Using the re-orientation effect in Coulomb excitation, the quadrupole moment, Qsub(2 + ), of the first excited state of 18 O is found to be -0.100 +- 0.030 eb. The analysis assumes, on the basis of previous measurements, that B(E2; 0 + → 2 + ) = 0.0044 +- 0.0004 e 2 b 2 . A correction (+0.032 eb) for the effect of the giant dipole resonance, based on the hydrodynamic model, has been applied. Evidence is presented that some other determinations of Qsub(2 + ) were performed at too high a bombarding energy. The present value of Qsub(2 + ) is smaller in magnitude than that reported by Kleinfeld et al. (1975), but remains larger than the value of -0.034 eb predicted by a recent shell-model calculation. (Author)

On the representation of the electric charge distribution in ethane for calculations of the molecular quadrupole moment and intermolecular electrostatic energy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Flemming Yssing; Alldredge, G. P.; Bruch, L. W.

1985-01-01

and gives a repulsive rather than an attractive electrostatic interaction at typical intermolecular distances. In the local multipole model, the atom-site dipoles give the largest contribution to both the molecular quadrupole moment and the intermolecular interaction. The Journal of Chemical Physics...

Electric quadrupole moments of the 2$_{1}^{+}$ states in $^{100,102,104}$Cd

CERN Document Server

Ekström, A; DiJulio, D D; Fahlander, C; Hjorth-Jensen, M; Blazhev, A; Bruyneel, B; Butler, P A; Davinson, T; Eberth, J; Fransen, C; Geibel, K; Hess, H; Ivanov, O; Iwanicki, J; Kester, O; Kownacki, J; Köster, U; Marsh, B A; Reiter, P; Scheck, M; Siebeck, B; Siem, S; Stefanescu, I; Toft, H K; Tveten, G M; van de Walle, J; Voulot, D; Warr, N; Weisshaar, D; Wenander, F; Wrzosek, K; Zielińska, M

2009-01-01

Using the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN the Coulomb excitation cross sections for the 0gs+→21+ transition in the β-unstable isotopes 100,102,104Cd have been measured for the first time. Two different targets were used, which allows for the first extraction of the static electric quadrupole moments Q(21+) in 102,104Cd. In addition to the B(E2) values in 102,104Cd, a first experimental limit for the B(E2) value in 100Cd is presented. The data was analyzed using the maximum likelihood method. The provided probability distributions impose a test for theoretical predictions of the static and dynamic moments. The data are interpreted within the shell-model using realistic matrix elements obtained from a G-matrix renormalized CD-Bonn interaction. In view of recent results for the light Sn isotopes the data are discussed in the context of a renormalization of the neutron effective charge. This study is the first to use the reorientation effect for post-accelerated short-lived radioactive isotopes to simultaneously d...

Kinetic energy in the collective quadrupole Hamiltonian from the experimental data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jolos, R.V., E-mail: jolos@theor.jinr.ru [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Dubna State University, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Kolganova, E.A. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Dubna State University, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation)

2017-06-10

Dependence of the kinetic energy term of the collective nuclear Hamiltonian on collective momentum is considered. It is shown that the fourth order in collective momentum term of the collective quadrupole Hamiltonian generates a sizable effect on the excitation energies and the matrix elements of the quadrupole moment operator. It is demonstrated that the results of calculation are sensitive to the values of some matrix elements of the quadrupole moment. It stresses the importance for a concrete nucleus to have the experimental data for the reduced matrix elements of the quadrupole moment operator taken between all low lying states with the angular momenta not exceeding 4.

The charge form factor and quadrupole moment of lithium-6 and -7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srinivasa Rao, K.; Susila, S.; Sridhar, R.

1980-01-01

The cluster model wave functions for lithium-6 and -7 are constructed from a two oscillator shell model wave function assuming the nucleons belonging to the clusters to be in the 1s- and 1p-shells, respectively. After first finding the range of values of the parameters in the wave function for which acceptable values of the r.m.s. radius are obtained, the range is considerably refined by a study of the form factors of these cluster nuclei. A deformation parameter is introduced in the wave functions, to get a non-spherical charge density. This parameter is uniquely fixed by the quadrupole moment for the nucleus. The model wave functions are considered to be the desirable ones for the study of cluster-knock-out reactions. (author)

Nuclear moments

CERN Document Server

Kopferman, H; Massey, H S W

1958-01-01

Nuclear Moments focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and transformations of molecules and atoms, including magnetic resonance and nuclear moments. The book first offers information on nuclear moments in free atoms and molecules, including theoretical foundations of hyperfine structure, isotope shift, spectra of diatomic molecules, and vector model of molecules. The manuscript then takes a look at nuclear moments in liquids and crystals. Discussions focus on nuclear paramagnetic and magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance. The text discusses nuclear moments and nucl

On a Neutral Particle with a Magnetic Quadrupole Moment in a Uniform Effective Magnetic Field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca, I. C.; Bakke, K.

2016-01-01

Quantum effects on a Landau-type system associated with a moving atom with a magnetic quadrupole moment subject to confining potentials are analysed. It is shown that the spectrum of energy of the Landau-type system can be modified, where the degeneracy of the energy levels can be broken. In three particular cases, it is shown that the analogue of the cyclotron frequency is modified, and the possible values of this angular frequency of the system are determined by the quantum numbers associated with the radial modes and the angular momentum and by the parameters associated with confining potentials in order that bound states solutions can be achieved.

Determination of the quadrupole moment of the fission-isomeric state in 238U by a modified charge-plunger method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedersen, J.; Goerlach, U.; Habs, D.; Just, M.; Metag, V.; Mosler, E.; Schukraft, J.; Singer, P.; Specht, H.J.; Ulfert, G.

1978-01-01

A modified version of the charge plunger method has been developed which, by utilizing electrostatic fields, renders possible the separation of low- and high-charge recoil ions over short flight distances. With this technique the quadrupole moment of the 200 ns fission isomer in 238 U has been determined to be (29 +- 3) b. The corresponding deformation of c/a = (1.8 +- 0.1) provides another quantitative proof for shape isomerism in the actinide region. (orig.) [de

The quadrupole moment and strong interaction parameters from muonic and pionic X-ray studies of 237Np

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laat, C.T.A.M. de; Taal, A.; Duinker, W.; Konijn, J.; Petitjean, C.; Reist, H.W.; Mueller, W.; Commission of the European Communities, Geel

1987-01-01

The X-ray spectrum of muonic and pionic 237 Np has been investigated with muons and pions stopped in a NpO 2 target. The nuclear spectroscopic quadrupole moment was determined to be Q=3.886±0.006 b from the splittings of the muonic 5g→4f hyperfine complexes. The B(E2)↓-values for the first and second excited states were evaluated as 3.17±0.08 and 2.77±0.10 e 2 b 2 , respectively. A comparison between the muonic and pionic 5g→4f hyperfine complexes yields the strong interaction parameter for the pionic 4f state. For the first time a change of sign as function of Z for the strong interaction quadrupole shift ε 2 (4f) has been observed. The standard optical model predictions agree reasonably well with the measured strong interaction monopole shift, ε 0 (4f), and width, Γ 0 (4f), while they disagree with the experimental value for ε 2 . A stronger s-wave repulsion in the optical potential could explain this effect. (orig.)

Experimental root mean square charge radii, isotope shifts, ground state magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of 1≤A≤ 239 nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antony, M.S.; Britz, J.

1986-01-01

A compilation of experimental root-mean square radii, isotope shifts, ground-state magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of nuclei 1≤A≤239 is presented. Shell, sub-subshell closures and changes in nuclear deformations discernible from data are displayed graphically. The nuclear charge distribution, for 1≤A≤ 239 nuclei deduced from Coulomb displacement energies is shown for comparison

Electric quadruple moments of high-spin isomers in 209Po

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, E.A.; Nicolescu, G.; Plostinaru, D.

1998-01-01

The electric quadrupole interaction of the 209 Po (17/2) - and (13/2) - isomers in a Bi single-crystal was measured. The results for the quadrupole moments are connected with studies of isomers in Po isotopes. A two level analysis procedure was employed for the combined data of (17/2) - and (13/2) - isomers. The quadrupole moments of the Po isotopes are of special interest for testing nuclear models because of supposed simple nuclear structure with two protons outside a closed magic number shell. While the g-factors are significant for the predominant few-particle structures often present at high spins, the quadrupole moments are sensitive to additional contributions arising from core deformation effects. A systematic study of quadrupole moments of 12 + isomers in Pb isotopes has indeed demonstrated that the valence neutron effective charge increases as more particle pairs are removed from the 208 Pb core. In the present work, quadrupole coupling constants were measured for the isomers by the time-differential perturbed angular distribution (TDPAD) technique, in the presence of quadrupole interactions from the internal electric field gradient (EFG) in Bi crystal. The experiments were performed using a pulsed deuteron-beam of 13 MeV. The (17/2) - isomer state (T 1/2 = 88 ns) and the (13/2) - isomer state (T 1/2 = 24 ns) were populated and aligned by the 209 Bi(d,2n) reaction. The repetition time of the pulse was 10 μs and the width was around 5 ns (FWHM). The rather low bombardment energy was chosen to reduce population of higher spin isomers and to optimize the population of 209 Po((17/2) - ) and 209 Po((13/2) - ). The 209 Po single crystal target was held at a temperature of 470 K in order to reduce possible radiation damage effects. The experiments have been performed with the c axis of the single crystal at 45 angle and 90 angle to the beam direction. We chose to use a calibration based on isomers with well-understood nuclear structure allowing a reliable

The quadrupole moments of some even–even nuclei around the mass of A ~ 80: {sup 68−80}Ge on the neighborhood of {sup 76−84}Kr and {sup 76−84}Se isotopes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoruk, Abdulkadir, E-mail: yorukabdulkadir@hotmail.com [Süleyman Demirel University, Nursery Medical School (Turkey); Turkan, Nureddin, E-mail: nureddin.turkan@medeniyet.edu.tr [Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Science (Turkey)

2016-09-15

We have carried out the calculation of the quadrupole moments Q(2{sub 1}{sup +}) and electromagnetic transition rates B(E2) of some levels within the framework of the interacting boson model for even-mass Ge nuclei. The presented predictions of the quadrupole moments and B(E2) ratios for Ge nuclei are compared with the results of some previous experimental and theoretical ones along with those of the neighboring Kr and Se isotopes and then it was seen that they agree well with the previous experimental and theoretical ones.

Nuclear electric quadrupole interactions in liquids entrapped in cavities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furman, Gregory B., E-mail: gregoryf@bgu.ac.il; Meerovich, Victor M.; Sokolovsky, Vladimir L. [Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Physics Department (Israel)

2016-12-15

Liquids entrapped in cavities and containing quadrupole nuclei are considered. The interaction of the quadrupole moment of a nucleus with the electric field gradient is studied. In such a system, molecules are in both rotational and translational Brownian motions which are described by the diffusion equation. Solving this equation, we show that the intra- and intermolecular nuclear quadrupole interactions are averaged to zero in cavities with the size larger than several angstroms.

Quadrupole interactions in pionic and muonic tantalum and rhenium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konijn, J.; Doesburg, W. van; Ewan, G.T; Johansson, T.; Tibell, G.

1981-01-01

The hyperfine splitting of pionic and muonic X-rays in natural Re has been studied using the known ratio (accurate to 1.6 parts in 10 5 ) of the quadrupole moments of the two naturally occurring 185 Re and 187 Re isotopes. From the hyperfine splitting of the 5g → 4f and 4f → 3d pionic X-rays the effective quadrupole hyperfine constants were determined to be 187 A 2 sup(e)sup(f)sup(f) (4f) = 1.163 +- 0.010 keV and 187 A 2 sup(e)sup(f)sup(f) (3d) = 5.39 +- 0.63 keV, giving strong interaction quadrupole shifts epsilon 2 (4f) = 46 +- 10 eV and epsilon 2 (3d) = 1.3 +- 0.6 keV. The strong interaction monopole shifts epsilon 0 and widths GAMMA 0 of the 5g, 4f and 3d levels have also been measured. For the two higher orbits, standard optical-potential calculations fit the measured shifts and widths quite well. The observed deeper-lying 3d state, however, has shifts and widths that differ by a factor of 2 or more from the predictions. From the measured quadrupole hyperfine constants of the 4f level we calculate the spectroscopic quadrupole moments to be 187 Qsup(μ) = 2.09 +- 0.04 b, 187 Qsup(π) = 2.07 +- 0.02 b, 185 Qsup(μ) = 2.21 +- 0.04 b, and 185 Qsup(π) = 2.18 +- 0.02 b. In addition, muonic X-rays from 181 Ta were observed; using the same methods for determining the quadrupole moments as above, a value of 181 Qsup(μ) = 3.28 +- 0.06 b was obtained, in good agreement with earlier published data. (orig.)

Lattice distortion and spontaneous Γ5g ferro-quadrupole moment in phase IV of CexLa1-xB6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemoto, Yuichi; Akatsu, Mitsuhiro; Goto, Terutaka; Suzuki, Osamu; Nakamura, Shintaro; Kunii, Satoru

2005-01-01

We have performed low-temperature thermal expansion measurements to investigate lattice effect of the phase IV in Ce x La 1-x B 6 , for x=0.75 and 0.70. In phase IV of both compounds, lattice length along the [111] direction shrinks notably, on the other hand length along the [001] direction expands. These results provide evidence that the spontaneous Γ 5g ferro-quadrupole moment yz >= zx >= xy > 0 is relevant in phase IV because the trigonal lattice distortion is described by the symmetry strain yz >= zx >= xy > 0 simultaneously

Deterioration of the Skew Quadrupole Moment in Tevatron Dipoles Over Time

CERN Document Server

Syphers, Michael J

2005-01-01

During the 20 years since it was first commissioned, the Fermilab Tevatron has developed strong coupling between the two transverse degrees of freedom. A circuit of skew quadrupole magnets is used to correct for coupling and, though capable, its required strength has increased since 1983 by more than an order of magnitude. In more recent years changes to the Tevatron for colliding beams operation have altered the skew quadrupole corrector distribution and strong local coupling become evident, often encumbering routine operation during the present physics run. Detailed magnet measurements were performed on each individual magnet during construction, and in early 2003 it was realized that measurements could be performed on the magnets in situ which could determine coil movements within the iron yoke since the early 1980's. It was discovered that the superconducting coils had become vertically displaced relative to their yokes since their construction. The ensuing systematic skew quadrupole field introduced by t...

Initial value gravitational quadrupole radiation theorem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winicour, J.

1987-01-01

A rigorous version of the quadrupole radiation formula is derived using the characteristic initial value formulation of a general relativistic fluid space-time. Starting from initial data for a Newtonian fluid, an algorithm is presented that determines characteristic initial data for a one-parameter family of general relativistic fluid space-times. At the initial time, a one-parameter family of space-times with this initial data osculates the evolution of the Newtonian fluid and has leading order news function equal to the third time derivative of the transverse Newtonian quadrupole moment

An effect of nuclear electric quadrupole moments in thermonuclear fusion plasmas

Science.gov (United States)

De, B. R.; Srnka, L. J.

1978-01-01

Consideration of the nuclear electric quadrupole terms in the expression for the fusion Coulomb barrier suggests that this electrostatic barrier may be substantially modified from that calculated under the usual plasma assumption that the nuclei are electric monopoles. This effect is a result of the nonspherical potential shape and the spatial quantization of the nuclear spins of the fully stripped ions in the presence of a magnetic field. For monopole-quadrupole fuel cycles like p-B-11, the fusion cross-section may be substantially increased at low energies if the protons are injected at a small angle relative to the confining magnetic field.

Charge radii and electromagnetic moments of Li and Be isotopes from the ab initio no-core shell model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forssen, C.; Caurier, E.; Navratil, P.

2009-01-01

Recently, charge radii and ground-state electromagnetic moments of Li and Be isotopes were measured precisely. We have performed large-scale ab initio no-core shell model calculations for these isotopes using high-precision nucleon-nucleon potentials. The isotopic trends of our computed charge radii and quadrupole and magnetic-dipole moments are in good agreement with experimental results with the exception of the 11 Li charge radius. The magnetic moments are in particular well described, whereas the absolute magnitudes of the quadrupole moments are about 10% too small. The small magnitude of the 6 Li quadrupole moment is reproduced, and with the CD-Bonn NN potential, also its correct sign

Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in {96,98}Sr: Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N=60.

Science.gov (United States)

Clément, E; Zielińska, M; Görgen, A; Korten, W; Péru, S; Libert, J; Goutte, H; Hilaire, S; Bastin, B; Bauer, C; Blazhev, A; Bree, N; Bruyneel, B; Butler, P A; Butterworth, J; Delahaye, P; Dijon, A; Doherty, D T; Ekström, A; Fitzpatrick, C; Fransen, C; Georgiev, G; Gernhäuser, R; Hess, H; Iwanicki, J; Jenkins, D G; Larsen, A C; Ljungvall, J; Lutter, R; Marley, P; Moschner, K; Napiorkowski, P J; Pakarinen, J; Petts, A; Reiter, P; Renstrøm, T; Seidlitz, M; Siebeck, B; Siem, S; Sotty, C; Srebrny, J; Stefanescu, I; Tveten, G M; Van de Walle, J; Vermeulen, M; Voulot, D; Warr, N; Wenander, F; Wiens, A; De Witte, H; Wrzosek-Lipska, K

2016-01-15

Neutron-rich {96,98}Sr isotopes have been investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross sections. These results allow, for the first time, the drawing of definite conclusions about the shape coexistence of highly deformed prolate and spherical configurations. In particular, a very small mixing between the coexisting states is observed, contrary to other mass regions where strong mixing is present. Experimental results have been compared to beyond-mean-field calculations using the Gogny D1S interaction in a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian formalism, which reproduce the shape change at N=60.

Static quadrupole moments of first 2+ states in the 2s1d shell: a review of experiment and theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spear, R.H.

1981-01-01

Available experimental information on the static electric quadrupole moments Q 2 + of the 2 + first excited states of even-mass nuclei in the 2s-1d shell is tabulated and critically reviewed, and adopted values are presented. The results reveal a well defined pattern for the variation of Q 2 + through the shell. Predictions of Q 2 + made from various nuclear models are tabulated and compared with experiment. For each nucleus the quantity and quality of the existing data for Q 2 + , together with the current theoretical significance of the result, are used as criteria to determine whether new experimental work is desirable

Origin-independent calculation of quadrupole intensities in X-ray spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernadotte, Stephan; Atkins, Andrew J.; Jacob, Christoph R.

2012-01-01

For electronic excitations in the ultraviolet and visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the intensities are usually calculated within the dipole approximation, which assumes that the oscillating electric field is constant over the length scale of the transition. For the short wavelengths used in hard X-ray spectroscopy, the dipole approximation may not be adequate. In particular, for metal K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), it becomes necessary to include higher-order contributions. In quantum-chemical approaches to X-ray spectroscopy, these so-called quadrupole intensities have so far been calculated by including contributions depending on the square of the electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole transition moments. However, the resulting quadrupole intensities depend on the choice of the origin of the coordinate system. Here, we show that for obtaining an origin-independent theory, one has to include all contributions that are of the same order in the wave vector consistently. This leads to two additional contributions depending on products of the electric-dipole and electric-octupole and of the electric-dipole and magnetic-quadrupole transition moments, respectively. We have implemented such an origin-independent calculation of quadrupole intensities in XAS within time-dependent density-functional theory, and demonstrate its usefulness for the calculation of metal and ligand K-edge XAS spectra of transition metal complexes.

Molecular multipole moments of water molecules in ice Ih

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Batista, E.R.; Xantheas, S.S.; Jonsson, H.

1998-01-01

We have used an induction model including dipole, dipole endash quadrupole, quadrupole endash quadrupole polarizability and first hyperpolarizability as well as fixed octopole and hexadecapole moments to study the electric field in ice. The self-consistent induction calculations gave an average total dipole moment of 3.09 D, a 67% increase over the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule. A previous, more approximate induction model study by Coulson and Eisenberg [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 291, 445 (1966)] suggested a significantly smaller average value of 2.6 D. This value has been used extensively in recent years as a reference point in the development of various polarizable interaction potentials for water as well as for assessment of the convergence of water cluster properties to those of bulk. The reason for this difference is not due to approximations made in the computational scheme of Coulson and Eisenberg but rather due to the use of less accurate values for the molecular multipoles in these earlier calculations. copyright 1998 American Institute of Physics

Quadrupole moment of the 7/21- isomer state in 43S. Shell model study of sulfur isotopes around N=28

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chevrier, Raphael

2013-01-01

The goal of this work consists in providing new insights in the shape coexistence expected in neutron-rich nuclei around the N=28 shell closure. In 43 S, recent experimental data as well as their interpretation in the shell model framework were used to predict the coexistence between a J π =3/2 1 - prolate deformed ground state and a 7/2 1 - rather spherical isomer state. We report on the quadrupole moment measurement Q s of the 7/2 1 - isomer state [E*=320.5(5) keV, T 1/2 =415(3) ns] in 43 S. The TDPAD method was applied on 43 S nuclei produced by the fragmentation of a 48 Ca primary beam at 345 A.MeV, and selected in-flight through the BigRIPS spectrometer at RIKEN (Japan). The measured value, |Q s |=23(3) efm 2 , is in remarkable agreement with that calculated in the shell model framework, although it is significantly larger than that expected for a single-particle state. In order to understand the nature of the correlations responsible for the departure of the isomer state from a pure spherical shape, we report on the results of a shell model study using the modern SDPF-U interaction of the neighbors sulfur isotopes 42,44,46 S. Those calculations allowed to identify a slight triaxial degree of freedom in the structure of these nuclei, although the latter happens to be highly hindered at N=28 in 44 S. Spectroscopic factor calculations show that this slight triaxial degree of freedom also impacts the low-lying structure in 43 S. It allows to better understand the deviation of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment value of the isomer state from the limit case of a pure spherical state. (author) [fr

Electromagnetic moments and effective operators in nuclei near and far from the stability line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuta, Kensaku; Minamisono, Tadanori; Ogawa, Yoko; Miyake, Toru; Morishita, Akio; Sato, Kazunori; Momota, Sadao; Nojiri, Yoichi; Mihara, Mototsugu; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Zhu, Sheng-Yung; Onishi, Takashi; Sasaki, Makoto; Yamaguchi, Takayuki; Minamisono, Kei; Akai, Hisazumi; Atsushi, Kitagawa; Torikoshi, Masami; Kanazawa, Mitsutaka; Nishio, Teiji; Koda, Shigeru; Otsubo, Tatashi; Fukuda, Shigekazu; Tanihata, Isao; Yoshida, Koichi; Ozawa, Akira; Kitagawa, Hisashi; Sagawa, Hiroyuki; Hanna, Stanley S.; Alonso, Jose R.; Krebs, Gary F.; Symons, T. James M.; Osaka-RIKEN-HIMAC Collaboration

2003-12-01

Quenching of neutron effective charge has been observed by measuring the quadrupole moment of 16 N. Moreover, the neutron effective charge may be quenched in the quadrupole moment of 21 F. This quenching of effective charges is discussed in terms of the overlap integrals of the wave functions of the valence nucleons and the core. Effective g-factors may be required to explain the large spin expectation value for the mass number 9 mirror nuclei, deduced from the iso-scalar magnetic moment

Can the magnetic moment contribution explain the Ay puzzle?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stoks, V.G.

1998-01-01

We evaluate the full one-photon-exchange Born amplitude for Nd scattering. We include the contributions due to the magnetic moment of the proton or neutron, and the magnetic moment and quadrupole moment of the deuteron. It is found that the inclusion of the magnetic-moment interaction in the theoretical description of the Nd scattering observables cannot resolve the long-standing A y puzzle. copyright 1998 The American Physical Society

Observation of a phononic quadrupole topological insulator

Science.gov (United States)

Serra-Garcia, Marc; Peri, Valerio; Süsstrunk, Roman; Bilal, Osama R.; Larsen, Tom; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo; Huber, Sebastian D.

2018-03-01

The modern theory of charge polarization in solids is based on a generalization of Berry’s phase. The possibility of the quantization of this phase arising from parallel transport in momentum space is essential to our understanding of systems with topological band structures. Although based on the concept of charge polarization, this same theory can also be used to characterize the Bloch bands of neutral bosonic systems such as photonic or phononic crystals. The theory of this quantized polarization has recently been extended from the dipole moment to higher multipole moments. In particular, a two-dimensional quantized quadrupole insulator is predicted to have gapped yet topological one-dimensional edge modes, which stabilize zero-dimensional in-gap corner states. However, such a state of matter has not previously been observed experimentally. Here we report measurements of a phononic quadrupole topological insulator. We experimentally characterize the bulk, edge and corner physics of a mechanical metamaterial (a material with tailored mechanical properties) and find the predicted gapped edge and in-gap corner states. We corroborate our findings by comparing the mechanical properties of a topologically non-trivial system to samples in other phases that are predicted by the quadrupole theory. These topological corner states are an important stepping stone to the experimental realization of topologically protected wave guides in higher dimensions, and thereby open up a new path for the design of metamaterials.

The electromagnetic multipole moments of the charged open-flavor {Z}_{\\bar{c}q} states

Science.gov (United States)

Azizi, K.; Özdem, U.

2018-05-01

The electromagnetic multipole moments of the open-flavor {Z}\\bar{cq} states are investigated by assuming a diquark–antidiquark picture for their internal structure and quantum numbers {J}{PC}={1}+- for their spin-parity. In particular, their magnetic and quadrupole moments are extracted in the framework of light-cone QCD sum rule by the help of the photon distribution amplitudes. The electromagnetic multipole moments of the open-flavor {Z}\\bar{cq} states are important dynamical observables, which encode valuable information on their underlying structure. The results obtained for the magnetic moments of different structures are considerably large and can be measured in future experiments. We obtain very small values for the quadrupole moments of {Z}\\bar{cq} states indicating a nonspherical charge distribution.

Theory of enhanced second-harmonic generation by the quadrupole-dipole hybrid exciton

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roslyak, Oleksiy; Birman, Joseph L

2008-01-01

We report calculated substantial enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in cuprous oxide crystals, resonantly hybridized with an appropriate organic material (DCM2:CA:PS 'solid state solvent'). The quadrupole origin of the inorganic part of the quadrupole-dipole hybrid provides inversion symmetry breaking and the organic part contributes to the oscillator strength of the hybrid. We show that the enhancement of the SHG, compared to the bulk cuprous oxide crystal, is proportional to the ratio of the DCM2 dipole moment and the effective dipole moment of the quadrupole transitions in the cuprous oxide. It is also inversely proportional to the line-width of the hybrid and bulk excitons. The enhancement may be regulated by adjusting the organic blend (mutual concentration of the DCM2 and CA part of the solvent) and pumping conditions (varying the angle of incidence in the case of optical pumping or populating the minimum of the lower branch of the hybrid in the case of electrical pumping)

The Erez–Rosen metric and the role of the quadrupole on light propagation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bini, Donato; Crosta, Mariateresa; Vecchiato, Alberto; De Felice, Fernando; Geralico, Andrea

2013-01-01

The gravitational field of a static body with the quadrupole moment is described by an exact solution found by Erez and Rosen. Here, we investigate the role of the quadrupole in the motion, deflection and lensing of a light ray in the above metric. The standard lensing observables such as image positions and magnification have been explicitly obtained in the weak-field and small-quadrupole limit. In this limit, the spacetime metric appears as the natural generalization to quadrupole corrections of the metric form adopted also in current astrometric models. Hence, the corresponding analytical solution of the inverse ray tracing problem and the consistency with other approaches are also discussed. (paper)

Multipole moments of water molecules in clusters and ice Ih from first principles calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Batista, E.R.; Xantheas, S.S.; Jonsson, H.

1999-01-01

We have calculated molecular multipole moments for water molecules in clusters and in ice Ih by partitioning the charge density obtained from first principles calculations. Various schemes for dividing the electronic charge density among the water molecules were used. They include Bader close-quote s zero flux surfaces and Voronoi partitioning schemes. A comparison was also made with an induction model including dipole, dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability and first hyperpolarizability as well as fixed octopole and hexadecapole moments. We have found that the different density partitioning schemes lead to widely different values for the molecular multipoles, illustrating how poorly defined molecular multipoles are in clusters and condensed environments. For instance, the magnitude of the molecular dipole moment in ice Ih ranges between 2.3 D and 3.1 D depending on the partitioning scheme used. Within each scheme, though, the value for the molecular dipole moment in ice is larger than in the hexamer. The magnitude of the molecular dipole moment in the clusters shows a monotonic increase from the gas phase value to the one in ice Ih, with the molecular dipole moment in the water ring hexamer being smaller than the one in ice Ih for all the partitioning schemes used. copyright 1999 American Institute of Physics

Implementation of $ab$ $initio$ perturbed angular correlation observables for analysis of fluctuating quadrupole interactions

CERN Document Server

Barbosa, Marcelo

A review about the nuclear properties, namely the nuclear moments (magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment) and their interaction with electromagnetic fields external to the nucleus (hyperfine interactions), as well as the angular distribution of radiation produced by $\\gamma$-decay, is presented. A detailed description about the theory of Perturbed Angular Correlations was done, including the comparison between $\\gamma-\\gamma$- correlations and $e^{-}- \\gamma$ correlations. For dynamic nuclear interactions, an introduction to the theory of stochastic states in PAC was performed. We focused on ab-initio implementation of observables for analyzing fluctuating quadrupole hyperfine interactions on time dependent perturbed angular correlations experiments. The development of computacional codes solving the full problem, adapted to fit data obtained on single crystals or polycrystals for two-state transient fields with any axial symmetry and orientation was the main purpose of this work. The final pa...

Communication: On the isotope anomaly of nuclear quadrupole coupling in molecules

Science.gov (United States)

Filatov, Michael; Zou, Wenli; Cremer, Dieter

2012-10-01

The dependence of the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCC) on the interaction between electrons and a nucleus of finite size is theoretically analyzed. A deviation of the ratio of the NQCCs obtained from two different isotopomers of a molecule from the ratio of the corresponding bare nuclear electric quadrupole moments, known as quadrupole anomaly, is interpreted in terms of the logarithmic derivatives of the electric field gradient at the nuclear site with respect to the nuclear charge radius. Quantum chemical calculations based on a Dirac-exact relativistic methodology suggest that the effect of the changing size of the Au nucleus in different isotopomers can be observed for Au-containing molecules, for which the predicted quadrupole anomaly reaches values of the order of 0.1%. This is experimentally detectable and provides an insight into the charge distribution of non-spherical nuclei.

Quadrupole formula for Kaluza-Klein modes in the braneworld

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinoshita, Shunichiro; Kudoh, Hideaki; Sendouda, Yuuiti; Sato, Katsuhiko

2005-01-01

The quadrupole formula in four-dimensional Einstein gravity is a useful tool to describe gravitational wave radiation. We derive the quadrupole formula for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld model. The quadrupole formula provides a transparent representation of the exterior weak gravitational field induced by localized sources. We find that a general isolated dynamical source gives rise to the 1/r 2 correction to the leading 1/r gravitational field. We apply the formula to an evaluation of the effective energy carried by the KK modes from the viewpoint of an observer on the brane. Contrary to the ordinary gravitational waves (zero mode), the flux of the induced KK modes by the non-spherical part of the quadrupole moment vanishes at infinity and only the spherical part contributes to the flux. Since the effect of the KK modes appears in the linear order of the metric perturbations, the effective energy flux observed on the brane is not always positive, but can become negative depending on the motion of the localized sources

Lattice distortion and spontaneous {gamma}{sub 5g} ferro-quadrupole moment in phase IV of Ce{sub x}La{sub 1-x}B{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nemoto, Yuichi [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan)]. E-mail: nemoto@phys.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp; Akatsu, Mitsuhiro [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan); Goto, Terutaka [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan); Suzuki, Osamu [National Institute for Materials Science, Tukuba 305-0003 (Japan); Nakamura, Shintaro [Center for Low Temperature Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Kunii, Satoru [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan)

2005-04-30

We have performed low-temperature thermal expansion measurements to investigate lattice effect of the phase IV in Ce{sub x}La{sub 1-x}B{sub 6}, for x=0.75 and 0.70. In phase IV of both compounds, lattice length along the [111] direction shrinks notably, on the other hand length along the [001] direction expands. These results provide evidence that the spontaneous {gamma}{sub 5g} ferro-quadrupole moment ==<>0 is relevant in phase IV because the trigonal lattice distortion is described by the symmetry strain <{epsilon}{sub yz}>=<{epsilon}{sub zx}>=<{epsilon}{sub xy}><>0 simultaneously.

Pairing field and moments of inertia of superdeformed nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yongjing; Chen Yongshou; Xu Fuxin

2002-01-01

The authors have systematically analysed the dynamic moments of inertia of the experimental superdeformed (SD) bands observed in the A = 190, 150 and 60-80 mass regions as functions of rotational frequency. By combining the different mass regions, the dramatic features of the dynamic moments of inertia were found and explained based on the calculations of the pairing fields of SD nuclei with the anisotropic harmonic oscillator quadrupole pairing Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model

An online database of nuclear electromagnetic moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mertzimekis, T.J.; Stamou, K.; Psaltis, A.

2016-01-01

Measurements of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments are considered quite important for the understanding of nuclear structure both near and far from the valley of stability. The recent advent of radioactive beams has resulted in a plethora of new, continuously flowing, experimental data on nuclear structure – including nuclear moments – which hinders the information management. A new, dedicated, public and user friendly online database ( (http://magneticmoments.info)) has been created comprising experimental data of nuclear electromagnetic moments. The present database supersedes existing printed compilations, including also non-evaluated series of data and relevant meta-data, while putting strong emphasis on bimonthly updates. The scope, features and extensions of the database are reported.

Measurement of the sign of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment for the 2$_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{70}$Se no evidence for oblate shape

CERN Document Server

Hurst, A M

2007-01-01

Using a method whereby molecular and atomic ions are independently selected, an isobarically pure beam of 70Se ions was postaccelerated to an energy of 206 MeV using REX-ISOLDE. Coulomb-excitation yields for states in the beam and target nuclei were deduced by recording deexcitation γ rays in the highly segmented MINIBALL γ-ray spectrometer in coincidence with scattered particles in a silicon detector. At these energies, the Coulomb-excitation yield for the first 2+ state is expected to be strongly sensitive to the sign of the spectroscopic quadrupole moment through the nuclear reorientation effect. Experimental evidence is presented here for a prolate shape for the first 2+ state in 70Se, reopening the question over whether there are, as reported earlier, deformed oblate shapes near to the ground state in the light selenium isotopes.

On the theoretical description of nuclear quadrupole coupling in Π states of small molecules

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fišer, J.; Polák, Rudolf

2013-01-01

Roč. 425, NOV 2013 (2013), s. 126-133 ISSN 0301-0104 Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : Π States * Nuclear quadrupole coupling constant * Electric dipole moment Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.028, year: 2013

Emittance growth from rotated quadrupoles in heavy ion accelerators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barnard, J.J.

1995-01-01

We derive a set of moment equations which incorporates linear quadrupolar focusing and space-charge defocusing, in the presence of rotational misalignments of the quadrupoles about the direction of beam propagation. Although the usual beam emittance measured relative to fixed transverse x and y coordinate axes is not constant, a conserved emittance-like quantity has been found. Implications for alignment tolerances in accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion are discussed

Spins, moments and charge radii beyond $^{48}$Ca

CERN Multimedia

Neyens, G; Rajabali, M M; Hammen, M; Blaum, K; Froemmgen, N E; Garcia ruiz, R F; Kreim, K D; Budincevic, I

Laser spectroscopy of $^{49-54}$Ca is proposed as a continuation of the experimental theme initiated with IS484 “Ground-state properties of K-isotopes from laser and $\\beta$-NMR spectroscopy” and expanded in INTC-I-117 “Moments, Spins and Charge Radii Beyond $^{48}$Ca.” It is anticipated that the charge radii of these isotopes can show strong evidence for the existence of a sub-shell closure at N=32 and could provide a first tentative investigation into the existence of a shell effect at N=34. Furthermore the proposed experiments will simultaneously provide model-independent measurements of the spins, magnetic moments and quadrupole moments of $^{51,53}$Ca permitting existing and future excitation spectra to be pinned to firm unambiguous ground states.

Beyond the Boost: Measuring the Intrinsic Dipole of the Cosmic Microwave Background Using the Spectral Distortions of the Monopole and Quadrupole.

Science.gov (United States)

Yasini, Siavash; Pierpaoli, Elena

2017-12-01

We present a general framework for the accurate spectral modeling of the low multipoles of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as observed in a boosted frame. In particular, we demonstrate how spectral measurements of the low multipoles can be used to separate the motion-induced dipole of the CMB from a possible intrinsic dipole component. In a moving frame, the leakage of an intrinsic dipole moment into the CMB monopole and quadrupole induces spectral distortions with distinct frequency functions that, respectively, peak at 337 and 276 GHz. The leakage into the quadrupole moment also induces a geometrical distortion to the spatial morphology of this mode. The combination of these effects can be used to lift the degeneracy between the motion-induced dipole and any intrinsic dipole that the CMB might possess. Assuming the current peculiar velocity measurements, the leakage of an intrinsic dipole with an amplitude of ΔT=30  μK into the monopole and quadrupole moments will be detectable by a PIXIE-like experiment at ∼40  nK (2.5σ) and ∼130  nK (11σ) level at their respective peak frequencies.

Analysis of electric moments of RNA-binding proteins: implications for mechanism and prediction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarai Akinori

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Protein-RNA interactions play important role in many biological processes such as gene regulation, replication, protein synthesis and virus assembly. Although many structures of various types of protein-RNA complexes have been determined, the mechanism of protein-RNA recognition remains elusive. We have earlier shown that the simplest electrostatic properties viz. charge, dipole and quadrupole moments, calculated from backbone atomic coordinates of proteins are biased relative to other proteins, and these quantities can be used to identify DNA-binding proteins. Closely related, RNA-binding proteins are investigated in this study. In particular, discrimination between various types of RNA-binding proteins, evolutionary conservation of these bulk electrostatic features and effect of conformational changes by complex formation are investigated. Basic binding mechanism of a putative RNA-binding protein (HI1333 from Haemophilus influenza is suggested as a potential application of this study. Results We found that similar to DNA-binding proteins (DBPs, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs also show significantly higher values of electric moments. However, higher moments in RBPs are found to strongly depend on their functional class: proteins binding to ribosomal RNA (rRNA constitute the only class with all three of the properties (charge, dipole and quadrupole moments being higher than control proteins. Neural networks were trained using leave-one-out cross-validation to predict RBPs from control data as well as pair-wise classification capacity between proteins binding to various RNA types. RBPs and control proteins reached up to 78% accuracy measured by the area under the ROC curve. Proteins binding to rRNA are found to be best distinguished (AUC = 79%. Changes in dipole and quadrupole moments between unbound and bound structures were small and these properties are found to be robust under complex formation. Conclusions Bulk electric

ISABELLE insertion quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaugerts, J.; Polk, I.; Sampson, W.; Dahl, P.F.

1979-01-01

Beam focussing and control at the beam intersection regions of ISABELLE is accomplished by a number of superconducting insertion quadrupoles. These magnets differ from the standard ISABELLE quadrupoles in various ways. In particular, the requirements of limited space near the intersections and aperture for beam extraction impose constraints on their configuration. To achieve optimum beam focussing and provide tuning flexibility calls for stronger quadrupole trim windings than those in the standard quadrupoles. The magnetic and mechanical design of the insertion quadrupoles and their associated correction and steering windings to accomplish the above tasks is presented

Quadrupole Transfer Function for Emittance Measurement

CERN Document Server

Cameron, Peter; Jansson, Andreas; Tan, Cheng-Yang

2008-01-01

Historically the use of the quadrupole moment measurement has been impeded by the requirement for large dynamic range, as well as measurement sensitivity to beam position. We investigate the use of the transfer function technique [1-3] in combination with the sensitivity and 160dB revolution line rejection of the direct diode detection analog front end [4] to open the possibility of an emittance diagnostic that may be implemented without operational complication, quasi- parasitic to the operation of existing tune measurement systems. Such a diagnostic would be particularly useful as an emittance monitor during acceleration ramp development in machines like RHIC and the LHC.

The Nuclear Scissors Mode by Two Approaches (Wigner Function Moments Versus RPA)

CERN Document Server

Balbutsev, E B

2004-01-01

Two complementary methods to describe the collective motion, RPA and Wigner Function Moments (WFM) method, are compared on an example of a simple model - harmonic oscillator with quadrupole-quadrupole residual interaction. It is shown that they give identical formulae for eigenfrequencies and transition probabilities of all collective excitations of the model including the scissors mode, which is a subject of our especial attention. The normalization factor of the "synthetic" scissors state and its overlap with physical states are calculated analytically. The orthogonality of the spurious state to all physical states is proved rigorously.

Quadrupole terms in the Maxwell equations: Born energy, partial molar volume, and entropy of ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Slavchov, Radomir I; Ivanov, Tzanko I

2014-02-21

A new equation of state relating the macroscopic quadrupole moment density Q to the gradient of the field ∇E in an isotropic fluid is derived: Q = αQ(∇E - U∇·E/3), where the quadrupolarizability αQ is proportional to the squared molecular quadrupole moment. Using this equation of state, a generalized expression for the Born energy of an ion dissolved in quadrupolar solvent is obtained. It turns out that the potential and the energy of a point charge in a quadrupolar medium are finite. From the obtained Born energy, the partial molar volume and the partial molar entropy of a dissolved ion follow. Both are compared to experimental data for a large number of simple ions in aqueous solutions. From the comparison the value of the quadrupolar length LQ is determined, LQ = (αQ/3ɛ)(1/2) = 1-4 Å. Data for ion transfer from aqueous to polar oil solution are analyzed, which allowed for the determination of the quadrupolarizability of nitrobenzene.

Tidal Love numbers and moment-Love relations of polytropic stars

Science.gov (United States)

Yip, Kenny L. S.; Leung, P. T.

2017-12-01

The physical significance of tidal deformation in astronomical systems has long been known. The recently discovered universal I-Love-Q relations, which connect moment of inertia, quadrupole tidal Love number and spin-induced quadrupole moment of compact stars, also underscore the special role of tidal deformation in gravitational wave astronomy. Motivated by the observation that such relations also prevail in Newtonian stars and crucially depend on the stiffness of a star, we consider the tidal Love numbers of Newtonian polytropic stars whose stiffness is characterized by a polytropic index n. We first perturbatively solve the Lane-Emden equation governing the profile of polytropic stars through the application of the scaled delta expansion method and then formulate perturbation series for the multipolar tidal Love number about the two exactly solvable cases with n = 0 and n = 1, respectively. Making use of these two series to form a two-point Padé approximant, we find an approximate expression of the quadrupole tidal Love number, whose error is less than 2.5 × 10-5 per cent (0.39 per cent) for n ∈ [0, 1] (n ∈ [0, 3]). Similarly, we also determine the mass moments for polytropic stars accurately. Based on these findings, we are able to show that the I-Love-Q relations are in general stationary about the incompressible limit irrespective of the equation of state of a star. Moreover, for the I-Love-Q relations, there is a secondary stationary point near n ≈ 0.4444, thus showing the insensitivity to n for n ∈ [0, 1]. Our investigation clearly tracks the universality of the I-Love-Q relations from their validity for stiff stars such as neutron stars to their breakdown for soft stars.

A new online database of nuclear electromagnetic moments

Science.gov (United States)

Mertzimekis, Theo J.

2017-09-01

Nuclear electromagnetic (EM) moments, i.e., the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole moments, provide important information of nuclear structure. As in other types of experimental data available to the community, measurements of nuclear EM moments have been organized systematically in compilations since the dawn of nuclear science. However, the wealth of recent moments measurements with radioactive beams, as well as earlier existing measurements, lack an online, easy-to-access, systematically organized presence to disseminate information to researchers. In addition, available printed compilations suffer a rather long life cycle, being left behind experimental measurements published in journals or elsewhere. A new, online database (http://magneticmoments.info) focusing on nuclear EM moments has been recently developed to disseminate experimental data to the community. The database includes non-evaluated experimental data of nuclear EM moments, giving strong emphasis on frequent updates (life cycle is 3 months) and direct connection to the sources via DOI and NSR hyperlinks. It has been recently integrated in IAEA LiveChart [1], but can also be found as a standalone webapp [2]. A detailed review of the database features, as well as plans for further development and expansion in the near future is discussed.

An algebraic description of identical bands and of high-spin quadrupole collectivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guidry, M.W.

1993-01-01

The Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model (FDSM) has been used to describe electric quadrupole transition rates and static moments at high angular momentum in deformed nuclei. A quantitative description of these phenomena appears possible by these means. The formalism accounts naturally for those cases where significant reductions in B(E2) values are accompanied by relatively constant moments of inertia. A discussion of identical bands as being due to a dynamical symmetry will be given. The empirical properties of these bands and general principles of group theory will be used to place constraints on an acceptable symmetry. A model that represents a minimal implementation of these criteria will be presented

Theory of nuclear magnetic moments - LT-35

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerman, A. K.

1952-09-15

The purpose of these notes is to give an account of some attempts at interpreting the observed values of nuclear magnetic moments. There is no attempt at a complete summary of the field as that would take much more space than is used here. In many cases the arguments are only outlined and references are given for those interested in further details. A discussion of the theory of nuclear magnetic moments necessitates many excursions into the details of the nuclear models because the magnetic moments have a direct bearing on the validity of these models. However the main emphasis here is on those features which tend to explain the magnetic moments and other evidence is not discussed unless it has a direct bearing on the problem. In the first part of the discussion the Shell Model of the nucleus is used, as this model seems to correlate a large body of data relating to the heavier nuclei. Included here are the modifications proposed to explain the fact that the experimental magnetic moments do not fit quantitatively with the exact predictions of the Shell Model. The next sections deal with some of the more drastic modifications introduced to explain the large nuclear quadrupole moments and the effect of these modifications on the magnetic moments. Finally we turn to more detailed investigations of the light nuclei, in particular the - Conjugate nuclei. (author)

Angular momentum partitioning and the subshell multipole moments in impulsively excited argon ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Khateeb, H.M.; Birdsey, B.G.; Gay, T.J.

2005-01-01

We have investigated collisions between transversely polarized electrons and Ar, in which the Ar is simultaneously ionized and excited to the Ar +* [3p 4 ( 1 D)4p] states. The Stokes parameters of the fluorescence emitted in the following transitions was measured: ( 1 D)4s 2 D 5/2 -( 1 D)4p 2 F 7/2 (461.0 nm), ( 1 D)4s 2 D 5/2 -( 1 D)4p 2 F 5/2 (463.7 nm) ( 1 P)3d 2 D 5/2 -( 1 D)4p 2 D 5/2 (448.2 nm), and ( 1 D)4s 2 D 3/2 -( 1 D)4p 2 P 3/2 (423.7 nm). We develop the angular momentum algebra necessary to extract from these data, starting from the overall atomic J multipoles, the partitioning of orbital angular momentum into the 1 D core electric quadrupole and hexadecapole moments, and the outer 4p electric quadrupole moment. The magnetic dipole of the outer electron is also determined. This procedure requires the assumption of good LS coupling for these states, which is justified. We recouple these individual core- and outer-electron moments to calculate the initial electric quadrupoles, hexadecapoles, and hexacontatetrapoles of the initial excited-state manifold. The detailed time structure of the electron-atom collision is considered, as well as the time evolution of the excited ionic state. The Rubin-Bederson hypothesis is thus shown to hold for the initial ionic L and S terms. The consequences of the breakdown of LS coupling are considered. From the circular polarization data, estimates of the relative importance of direct and exchange excitation cross section are made. We discuss experimental issues related to background contributions, Hanle depolarization of the fluorescence signal, and cascade contributions. Nonlinearity of the equations relating the Stokes parameters to the subshell multipole moments complicates the data analysis. Details of the Monte Carlo terrain-search algorithm used to extract multipole data is discussed, and the implications of correlation between the various subshell multipole moments is analyzed. The physical significance of the

Fluxonium-Based Artificial Molecule with a Tunable Magnetic Moment

Science.gov (United States)

Kou, A.; Smith, W. C.; Vool, U.; Brierley, R. T.; Meier, H.; Frunzio, L.; Girvin, S. M.; Glazman, L. I.; Devoret, M. H.

2017-07-01

Engineered quantum systems allow us to observe phenomena that are not easily accessible naturally. The LEGO®-like nature of superconducting circuits makes them particularly suited for building and coupling artificial atoms. Here, we introduce an artificial molecule, composed of two strongly coupled fluxonium atoms, which possesses a tunable magnetic moment. Using an applied external flux, one can tune the molecule between two regimes: one in which the ground-excited state manifold has a magnetic dipole moment and one in which the ground-excited state manifold has only a magnetic quadrupole moment. By varying the applied external flux, we find the coherence of the molecule to be limited by local flux noise. The ability to engineer and control artificial molecules paves the way for building more complex circuits for quantum simulation and protected qubits.

Global study of quadrupole correlation effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bender, M.; Bertsch, G.F.; Heenen, P.-H.

2006-01-01

We discuss the systematics of ground-state quadrupole correlations of binding energies and mean-square charge radii for all even-even nuclei, from 16 O up to the superheavies, for which data are available. To that aim we calculate their correlated J=0 ground state by means of the angular-momentum and particle-number projected generator coordinate method, using the axial mass quadrupole moment as the generator coordinate and self-consistent mean-field states restricted only by axial, parity, and time-reversal symmetries. The calculation is performed within the framework of a nonrelativistic self-consistent mean-field model by use of the same Skyrme interaction SLy4 and to a density-dependent pairing force to generate the mean-field configurations and to mix them. These are the main conclusions of our study: (i) The quadrupole correlation energy varies between a few 100 keV and about 5.5 MeV. It is affected by shell closures, but varies only slightly with mass and asymmetry. (ii) Projection on angular momentum J=0 provides the major part of the energy gain of up to about 4 MeV; all nuclei in the study, including doubly magic ones, gain energy by deformation. (iii) The mixing of projected states with different intrinsic axial deformations adds a few 100 keV up to 1.5 MeV to the correlation energy. (iv) Typically nuclei below mass A≤60 have a larger correlation energy than static deformation energy whereas the heavier deformed nuclei have larger static deformation energy than correlation energy. (v) Inclusion of the quadrupole correlation energy improves the description of mass systematics, particularly around shell closures, and of differential quantities, namely two-nucleon separation energies and two-nucleon gaps. The correlation energy provides an explanation of 'mutually enhanced magicity'. (vi) The correlation energy tends to decrease the shell effect on binding energies around magic numbers, but the magnitude of the suppression is not large enough to explain

Distorted black holes in terms of multipole moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suen, W.

1986-01-01

In terms of a multipole-moment formalism previously developed for non-asymptotically-flat systems in general relativity, the metric of a Schwarzschild black hole in an external quadrupolar gravitational field is studied. Among other results, we find that the black hole develops an induced quadrupole moment, which in turn generates a tidal field opposing the applied field. This effect, plus the fact that the horizon cannot expand when a quasistatic tidal force is applied, can be described in terms of effective 2-dimensional elastic moduli for the black-hole horizon. The bulk modulus is kappa = ∞, and the shear modulus is mu = -63/(20πM), where M is the hole's mass

Effect on the variation of the moment of inertia in band K=1/2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yanxin; Yu Shaoying; Inner Mongolia Univ. for Nationalities, Tongliao; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing

2004-01-01

The effect on the variation of the moment of inertia in band 171 Yb[521]1/2 is investigated using the particle number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with monopole and Y 20 quadrupole pairing interactions. The experimental moments of inertia of 171 Yb[521]1/2 (signature α=±1/2) and the blocking effect of proton are reproduced well by the PNC calculation, in which no free parameter is involved. (authors)

Consistent calculation of the polarization electric dipole moment by the shell-correction method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Denisov, V.Yu.

1992-01-01

Macroscopic calculations of the polarization electric dipole moment which arises in nuclei with an octupole deformation are discussed in detail. This dipole moment is shown to depend on the position of the center of gravity. The conditions of consistency of the radii of the proton and neutron potentials and the radii of the proton and neutron surfaces, respectively, are discussed. These conditions must be incorporated in a shell-correction calculation of this dipole moment. A correct calculation of this moment by the shell-correction method is carried out. Dipole transitions between (on the one hand) levels belonging to an octupole vibrational band and (on the other) the ground state in rare-earth nuclei with a large quadrupole deformation are studied. 19 refs., 3 figs

Development of a neutron-polarizing device based on a quadrupole magnet and its application to a focusing SANS instrument

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oku, Takayuki

2009-01-01

We have investigated suitable magnetic field distribution to polarize neutrons based only on the electromagnetic interaction between a neutron magnetic moment and magnetic field, and found out a quadrupole field was the most suitable among simple multipole fields. Then we constructed a quadrupole magnet with a Halbach magnetic circuit as the neutron polarizing device. A cold neutron polarizing experiment of the quadrupole magnet was performed at the beamline C3-1-2-1 (NOP) of JRR-3 at JAEA. By passing through the aperture of the quadrupole magnet, positive and negative polarity neutrons are accelerated in opposite directions and spatially separated. Therefore, we extracted the one-spin component and analyzed its polarization degree. As a result very high neutron polarization degree P=0.9993±0.0025 was obtained. Then the quadrupole magnet was installed into the polarized neutron focusing geometry SANS instrument SANS-J-II of JRR-3. The instrument performance was enhanced by about 10 times compared with the case with the magnetic supermirror as the neutron polarizing device. The details are shown and discussed. (author)

Laser measurements of radii and moments of barium nuclei near the proton drip line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eastham; Smith, J.R.H.; Groves, J.

1987-01-01

A new technique of laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment of /sup 121/Ba, and the r.m.s. charge radii of /sup 120,121/Ba. The results are discussed in terms of the unified model

Eight piece quadrupole magnet, method for aligning quadrupole magent pole tips

Science.gov (United States)

Jaski, Mark S.; Liu, Jie; Donnelly, Aric T.; Downey, Joshua S.; Nudell, Jeremy J.; Jain, Animesh

2018-01-30

The invention provides an alternative to the standard 2-piece or 4-piece quadrupole. For example, an 8-piece and a 10-piece quadrupole are provided whereby the tips of each pole may be adjustable. Also provided is a method for producing a quadrupole using standard machining techniques but which results in a final tolerance accuracy of the resulting construct which is better than that obtained using standard machining techniques.

Measurements of the microwave spectrum, Re-H bond length, and Re quadrupole coupling for HRe(CO)5

Science.gov (United States)

Kukolich, Stephen G.; Sickafoose, Shane M.

1993-11-01

Rotational transition frequencies for rhenium pentacarbonyl hydride were measured in the 4-10 GHz range using a Flygare-Balle type microwave spectrometer. The rotational constants and Re nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the four isotopomers, (1) H187Re(CO)5, (2) H185Re(CO)5, (3) D187Re(CO)5, and (4) D185Re(CO)5, were obtained from the spectra. For the most common isotopomer, B(1)=818.5464(2) MHz and eq Q(187Re)=-900.13(3) MHz. The Re-H bond length (r0) determined by fitting the rotational constants is 1.80(1) Å. Although the Re atom is located at a site of near-octahedral symmetry, the quadrupole coupling is large due to the large Re nuclear moments. A 2.7% increase in Re quadrupole coupling was observed for D-substituted isotopomers, giving a rather large isotope effect on the quadrupole coupling. The Cax-Re-Ceq angle is 96(1)°, when all Re-C-O angles are constrained to 180°.

What can nuclear physics learn from nuclear moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faessler, A.

1981-01-01

The information which can be obtained from static electric quadrupole and magnetic moments is discussed for some specific examples. A new highly controversial measurement of the g-factor of the 4 + state in 20 Ne is used to show the importance of magnetic moments on the understanding of nuclear structure. If the g-factor of the 4 + state in 20 Ne would indeed be zero which is very unlikely it would change our whole understanding of the sd-shell nuclei. In the second chapter we discuss a possible test of the nature of the anomaly of the moment of inertia in the rare earth nuclei. If it is an alignment of two i(13/2) neutrons along the total angular momentum the g-factor should drop to a very small value for angular momenta near backbending at the beginning of the rare earth region. In section 3 we discuss the change of the sign of the spectroscopic quadrupole moments for the 13/ 2 + isomeric state in the Hg isotopes as an example for a change from strong coupling to decoupling if one fills up the i(13/2) neutron shell. In section 4 we discuss the nature of the 8 + , 10 + and 12 + states in the even mass Hg and Pt isotopes which show an irregular energy spacing. Detailed theoretical calculations indicate that in the Hg isotopes up to mass number A = 196 the 8 + and 10 + states are formed by the partial and full alignment of two h(11/2) proton hole states, while in 198,200Hg the 8 + , 10 + and 12 + states are formed by partial and full alignment of two i(13/2) neutron holes. A recent argument using the energy position of the two quasi particle states claims the those states should be in all Hg isotopes i(13/2) quasi particle states. A measurement of the g-factors of those states could clear up their nature. (orig.)

Two-pulse and stimulated nuclear-quadrupole-resonance echoes in YAlO3:Pr3+

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erickson, L.E.

1991-01-01

The dephasing of trivalent praseodymium dilute in yttrium aluminum oxide (YAlO 3 ) in the ground electronic state 3 H 4 state is evaluated using an optically detected method, to measure two-rf-pulse- and three-rf-pulse-stimulated nuclear quadrupole echoes. The magnitude of the echo is obtained by detecting the weak Raman optical field generated by the interaction of the magnetic moment of the echo and a light beam resonant with the 3 H 4 (0 cm 1 ) to 1 D 2 (16 374 cm -1 ) optical transition. This same light beam is used as an optical pump (37-ms duration) prior the rf-pulse sequence to increase the population difference of the hyperfine energy levels, thereby improving the echo signal. The light is turned off 9 ms before the rf-pulse sequence and remains off until the echo to avoid optical-pumping effects on the measured nuclear-quadrupole-resonance (NQR) echo lifetime. The dephasing time T 2 from two-pulse nuclear-quadrupole-echo measurement is found to be 366±29 μs

Superconducting magnetic quadrupole

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, J.W.; Shepard, K.W.; Nolen, J.A.

1995-08-01

A design was developed for a 350 T/m, 2.6-cm clear aperture superconducting quadrupole focussing element for use in a very low q/m superconducting linac as discussed below. The quadrupole incorporates holmium pole tips, and a rectangular-section winding using standard commercially-available Nb-Ti wire. The magnet was modeled numerically using both 2D and 3D codes, as a basis for numerical ray tracing using the quadrupole as a linac element. Components for a prototype singlet are being procured during FY 1995.

Mechanical behaviour of vacuum chambers and beam screens under quench conditions in dipole and quadrupole fields

CERN Document Server

Rathjen, C

2002-01-01

A method based on analytical formulas is described to calculate bending moments, stresses, and deformations of vacuum chambers and beam screens in dipole and in quadrupole fields during a magnet quench. Solutions are given for circular and racetrack shaped structures. Without the need of time consuming calculations the solutions enable a quick design and verification of vacuum chambers and beam screens.

Nuclear quadrupole-quadrupole interaction in the inelastic scattering of aligned deuterons from deformed nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clement, H.; Frick, R.; Graw, G.; Schiemenz, P.; Seichert, N.

1983-01-01

The 2 1 + -excitation of deformed nuclei by tensor polarized deuterons provides an alignment of both nuclei and thus a means to study specifically the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between both nuclei. The tensor analyzing power Asub(xz)(theta) has been measured for the elastic and inelastic scattering on 24 Mg and 28 Si. The coupled channel analysis including a deformed tensor potential reveals a clear signature of the quadrupole-quadrupole part of the nuclear projectile-target interaction. (orig.)

Nonadiabatic production of spinor condensates with a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, P.; Xu, Z.; You, L.

2006-01-01

Motivated by the recent experimental observation of multicomponent spinor condensates via a time-dependent quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap, we provide a general framework for the investigation of nonadiabatic Landau-Zener dynamics of a hyperfine spin, e.g., from an atomic magnetic dipole moment coupled to a weak time-dependent magnetic (B-) field. The spin flipped population distribution, or the so-called Majorona formula, is expressed in terms of system parameters and experimental observables; thus, the distribution provides much needed insight into the underlying mechanism for the production of spinor condensates due to nonadiabatic level crossings

Nuclear quadrupole interaction measurements of 19F* and 22Na* on Graphite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Djoko-Surono, Th; Martin, Peter W

1996-01-01

Time differential perturbed angular distribution (TDPAD) technique has been used to investigate nuclear quadrupole interactions of 19 F * and 22 Na * in graphite. We concentrated the measurements on pseudo single crystal graphite called Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite for it has an ordered structure in which the c-axes of the microcrystals aligned in a certain direction with the mosaic spread less than 1 o , while the a- and b-axes randomly oriented on a plane perpendicular to the c-axes. Interactions between quadrupole moment of 19 F * and 22 Na * with its surroundings electric field gradient were studied by detecting the γ-rays distribution, W(Θ,t). For 1 9F * we found one static interaction. The corresponding electric field gradient was V zz =3.24(19)x10 22 V/m 2 . In the case of 22 Na * we found no evidence of nuclear quadrupole interaction, however, we were able to conclude that |QV 22 | 19 bV/m 2 . Using theoretical calculation Q=0.06 barn, we find that |V zz | 20 V/m 2 . These results indicate that the value efg depend on two factors, the host crystal and the core electrons. The core electrons contribution to the total efg is considerably large

Measurements of quadrupole interaction frequencies of long-lived isomers with the level mixing spectroscopy (LEMS) method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neyens, G.; Nouwen, R.; S'heeren, G.; Bergh, M. van den; Coussement, R.

1993-01-01

The level mixing spectroscopy (LEMS) method has proven to be a very useful method to determine the quadrupole interaction frequency of an isomer in a solid host. Especially in the 'difficult' cases, e.g. when the isomeric lifetime is very long or its spin is very high, the method yields valuable information which is not accessible with other methods (such as TDPAD). Since the development of the method some years ago, many experiments have been performed on high spin isomers in the lead region. The static quadrupole moment of isomers with lifetimes ranging from 20 ns up to 13 ms and spins up to 65/2h have been determined in neutron deficient isotopes of Bi, At, Fr and Ra. (orig.)

The first LHC insertion quadrupole

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

An important milestone was reached in December 2003 at the CERN Magnet Assembly Facility. The team from the Accelerator Technology - Magnet and Electrical Systems group, AT-MEL, completed the first special superconducting quadrupole for the LHC insertions which house the experiments and major collider systems. The magnet is 8 metres long and contains two matching quadrupole magnets and an orbit corrector, a dipole magnet, used to correct errors in quadrupole alignment. All were tested in liquid helium and reached the ultimate performance criteria required for the LHC. After insertion in the cryostat, the superconducting magnet will be installed as the Q9 quadrupole in sector 7-8, the first sector of the LHC to be put in place in 2004. Members of the quadrupole team, from the AT-MEL group, gathered around the Q9 quadrupole at its inauguration on 12 December 2003 in building 181.

On the multipole moments of charge distributions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khare, P.L.

1977-01-01

There are two different standard methods for showing the equivalence of a charge distribution in a small volume tau surrounding a point O, to the superposition of a monopole, a dipole, a quadrupole and poles of higher moments at the point O: (a) to show that the electrostatic potential due to the charge distribution at an outside point is the same as due to these superposed multipoles (including a monopole). (b) to show that the energy of interaction of an external field with the charge distribution is the same as with the superposed equivalent monopole and multipoles. Neither of these methods gives a physical picture of the equivalence of a charge distribution to the superposition of different multipoles. An attempt is made to interpret in physical terms the emergence of the multipoles of different order, that are equivalent to a charge distribution and to show that the magnitudes of the moments of these multipoles are in agreement with the results of both the approaches (a) and (b). This physical interpretation also helps to understand, in a simple manner, some of the wellknown properties of the multipole moments of atoms and nuclei. (K.B.)

Point-particle limit and the far-zone quadrupole formula in general relativity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Futamase, T.

1985-01-01

Strong internal gravity is incorporated in a divergent-free post-Newtonian approximation scheme by introducing a body-zone limit. When incorporated into the notion of sequences of solutions, this provides the first rigorous point-particle limit in general relativity. The scheme is applied to construct an asymptotic approximation to a binary system composed of two rotating neutron stars. The lowest-order calculation is carried out in the near and far zones, giving Newton's equations of motion and the far-zone quadrupole formula. The quadrupole moment of the system is expressed in terms of a mass integral over each compact star. The same mass appears in Newton's equations of motion. The mass is indeed the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass the compact star would have if it were isolated. Thus the equivalence principle for strong gravity is confirmed, even for gravitational radiation: gravitational potential energy radiates the same amount of gravitational waves as any other form of energy does

Quadrupole shunt experiments at SPEAR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corbett, W.J.; Hettel, R.O.; Nuhn, H.-D.

1996-05-01

As part of a program to align and stabilize the SPEAR storage ring, a switchable shunt resistor was installed on each quadrupole to bypass a small percentage of the magnet current. The impact of a quadrupole shunt is to move the electron beam orbit in proportion to the off-axis beam position at the quadrupole, and to shift the betatron tune. Initially, quadrupole shunts in SPEAR were used to position the electron beam in the center of the quadrupoles. This provided readback offsets for nearby beam position monitors, and helped to steer the photon beams with low-amplitude corrector currents. The shunt-induced tune shift measurements were then processed in MAD to derive a lattice model

Superfluid quenching of the moment of inertia in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Science.gov (United States)

Riedl, S.; Sánchez Guajardo, E. R.; Kohstall, C.; Hecker Denschlag, J.; Grimm, R.

2011-03-01

We report on the observation of a quenched moment of inertia resulting from superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. Our method is based on setting the hydrodynamic gas in slow rotation and determining its angular momentum by detecting the precession of a radial quadrupole excitation. The measurements distinguish between the superfluid and collisional origins of hydrodynamic behavior, and show the phase transition.

Quadrupole shunt experiments at SPEAR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corbett, W.J.; Hettel, R.O.; Nuhn, H.

1997-01-01

As part of a program to align and stabilize the SPEAR storage ring, a switchable shunt resistor was installed on each quadrupole to bypass a small percentage of the magnet current. The impact of a quadrupole shunt is to move the electron beam orbit in proportion to the off-axis beam position at the quadrupole and to shift the betatron tune. Initially, quadrupole shunts in SPEAR were used to position the electron beam in the center of the quadrupoles. This provided readback offsets for nearby beam position monitors and helped to steer the photon beams with low-amplitude corrector currents. The shunt-induced tune shift measurements were then processed in MAD to derive a lattice model. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Electric quadrupole strength in nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirson, M.W.

1979-01-01

Isoscalar electric quadrupole strength distributions in nuclei are surveyed, and it is concluded that the strength is shared, in most cases, roughly equally between low-lying transitions and the giant quadrupole state. The same is not true of the isovector case. A simple extension of the schematic model gives a remarkably successul description of the data, and emphasizes the vital importance of the coupling between high-lying and low-lying quadrupole modes. The standadrd simple representation of the giant quadrupole resonance as produced by operating on the nuclear ground state with the quadrupole transition operator is not applicable to the isoscalar case. It is suggested that giant resonances fall into broad classes of similar states, with considerable qualitative differences between the distinct classes. (author)

Multi-elemental analysis of aqueous geochemical samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Science.gov (United States)

Wolf, Ruth E.; Adams, Monique

2015-01-01

Typically, quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to determine as many as 57 major, minor, and trace elements in aqueous geochemical samples, including natural surface water and groundwater, acid mine drainage water, and extracts or leachates from geological samples. The sample solution is aspirated into the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) which is an electrodeless discharge of ionized argon gas at a temperature of approximately 6,000 degrees Celsius. The elements in the sample solution are subsequently volatilized, atomized, and ionized by the ICP. The ions generated are then focused and introduced into a quadrupole mass filter which only allows one mass to reach the detector at a given moment in time. As the settings of the mass analyzer change, subsequent masses are allowed to impact the detector. Although the typical quadrupole ICP-MS system is a sequential scanning instrument (determining each mass separately), the scan speed of modern instruments is on the order of several thousand masses per second. Consequently, typical total sample analysis times of 2–3 minutes are readily achievable for up to 57 elements.

Spins, Electromagnetic Moments, and Isomers of 107-129Cd

CERN Document Server

Yordanov, D T; Bieron, J; Bissell, M L; Blaum, K; Budincevic, I; Fritzsche, S; Frommgen, N; Georgiev, G; Geppert, Ch; Hammen, M; Kowalska, M; Kreim, K; Krieger, A; Neugart, R; Nortershauser, W; Papuga, J; Schmidt, S

2013-01-01

The neutron-rich isotopes of cadmium up to the N=82 shell closure have been investigated by high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Deep-UV excitation at 214.5 nm and radioactive-beam bunching provided the required experimental sensitivity. Long-lived isomers are observed in 127Cd and 129Cd for the first time. One essential feature of the spherical shell model is unambiguously confirmed by a linear increase of the 11/2- quadrupole moments. Remarkably, this mechanism is found to act well beyond the h11/2 shell.

Nuclear deformations, level assignments and static nuclear moments of isotopes in the region 72Hf-77Ir

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekstroem, C.; Rubinsztein, H.; Moeller, P.

1976-01-01

A comparison is made between experimental and theoretical level assignments and static electromagnetic moments of nuclei in the region 72 Hf- 77 Ir. The theoretical calculations are based on the modified oscillator model. Equilibrium deformation values, epsilon and epsilon 4 , are determined for doubly-even and odd-mass nuclei from the minima in the potential energy surfaces. The influence of the different parameters entering the expressions for the magnetic dipole moment is analysed. The electric quadrupole and hexadecapole moments are calculated on the assumption that the nucleus is a homogeneously charged body with a sharp surface and a shape corresponding to that of an equipotential surface. In some selected cases, the electric multipole moments are evaluated by use of the single-particle wave functions. (Auth.)

The Calculation Spontaneous Polarization and Quadrupole Moment of Electric Potential PIZT (PbInxZryTi1-x-yO3-x/2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irzaman

2004-12-01

Full Text Available ZT (PbZr1-xTixO3 is a perovskite crystal that can be used for IR sensor. Small amount of dopant can drastically change the specific characteristic of ferroelectric ceramic such as spontaneous polarization, dielectric constant, electromechanical and also electro-optic properties. The addition of In3+ ion (called as hard doping has been applied in this research. Thin film of PIZT (PbInxZryTi1-x-yO3-x/2 has been deposited on Si(100 substrate with Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD method. The concentration of solution is 0,5 M and the angular speed applied of spin coating is 3000 rpm. The PIZT sample has been analyzed with x-ray diffraction method. Rietveld analyses using GSAS-EXPGUI software resulted lattice parameter of crystal and phase compositions of PIZT samples. The values of all sample PIZT spontaneous polarization (Ps have been calculated lower than PZT. The optimally Ps was reached at 0,5% to 1% In2O3 doping. Quadrupole moment of electric potential (ΦQ(r at point P (0,0,2a reached optimum at 6% In2O3 doping and they also showed that PIZT thin film have ΦQ(r higher value than their bulk form for In2O3 doping >1%.

SPS Quadrupole Magnets

CERN Multimedia

1974-01-01

A stack of SPS Quadrupole Magnets ready for installation in the tunnel. The SPS uses a total of 216 laminated normal conducting lattice quadrupoles with a length of 3.13 m for the core, 3.3 m overall. The F and D quads. have identical characteristics: inscribed circle radius 44 mm, core height and width 800 mm, maximum gradient 20 Tesla/m.

A united phenomenological description of quadrupole excitations in even-even nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipas, P.O.; Haapakoski, P.; Honkaranta, T.

1975-05-01

A phenomenological model is developed for the collective quadrupole properties of all even-even nuclei. Rotational, vibrational, and transitional nuclei are included in the model on an equal footing. A Bohr-type intrinsic Hamiltonian for harmonic quadrupole vibrations about an axially deformed shape is solved exactly. States of good angular momentum are projected out of the intrinsic states, and they are made orthogonal by a Schmidt scheme. The angular-momentum and phonon-number composition of the states is analyzed at various stages; states with K=1 are found spurious. Excitation energies for the ground, β and γ bands are calculated as expectation values of a radically simplified nuclear Hamiltonian in our projected and orthogonalized states. With increasing deformation the calculated energies evolve smoothly from the evenly spaced phonon spectrum to the Bohr-Mottelson rotational-vibrational spectrum according to the scheme of Sheline and Sakai. The basic model contains only two parameters (deformation d and energy scale) to fix the entire quadrupole spectrum of a nucleus. The results are given in the form of graphs suitable for immediate application; numerical results are readily produced by our computer code. The ground bands are fitted comparably to the VMI model, while the β and γ bands are reproduced qualitatively. The nuclei 152 Sm, 152 Gd, and 114 Cd are used as test cases. Quadrupole moments and E2 transition rates are also calculated. Intra-ground-band transition ratios and branching ratios from the β and γ bands are given in terms of the single parameter d. The results are applied to 152 Sm, with fair success. Finally the model to include two more parameters (anisotropy) is extended. The improvement over the basic model is modest in view of added parameters and computational effort. (author)

CLIC Quadrupole Module final report

CERN Document Server

Artoos, K; Mainaud-Durand, H

2013-01-01

Future Linear colliders will need particle beam sizes in the nanometre range. The beam also needs to be stable all along the beam line. The CLIC Main Beam Quadrupole (MBQ) module has been defined and studied. It is meant as a test stand for stabilisation and pre-alignment with a MB Quadrupole. The main topic that has been tackled concerns the Quadrupole magnet stabilisation to 1nm at 1Hz. This is needed to obtain the desired CLIC luminosity of 2.1034 cm-2m-1. The deliverable was demonstrated by procuring a MBQ and by stabilising a powered and cooled CLIC MBQ quadrupole. In addition, the stabilisation system has to be compatible with the pre-alignment procedures. Pre-alignment movement resolution has been demonstrated to 1m. The last step is the combined test of stability with a quadrupole on a CLIC Module with the pre-alignment.

Microscopic mechanism of moments of inertia and odd-even differences for well-deformed actinide nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Lei; Liu Shuxin; Zeng Jinyan

2004-01-01

The microscopic mechanism of the variation with rotational frequency of moments of inertia and their odd-even differences for well-deformed actinide nuclei are analyzed by using the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating nuclear pairing interaction. The moments of inertia for bands building on high j intruder orbitals in odd-A nuclei, e.g., the 235 U (ν[743]7/2) band, are found to be much larger than those of ground-state bands in neighboring even-even nuclei. Moreover, there exist large odd-even differences in the ω variation of moments of inertia. All these experimental odd-even differences are reproduced quite well in the PNC calculation, in which the effective monopole and quadrupole pairing interaction strengths are determined by the experimental odd-even differences in binding energies and bandhead moments of inertia, and no free parameter is involved in the PNC calculation

MQXFS1 Quadrupole Design Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ambrosio, Giorgio [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); et al.

2016-04-14

This report presents the reference design of MQXFS1, the first 1.5 m prototype of the low-beta quadrupoles (MQXF) for the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade. The MQXF quadrupoles have 150 mm aperture, coil peak field of about 12 T, and use $Nb_{3}Sn$ conductor. The design is based on the LARP HQ quadrupoles, which had 120 mm aperture. MQXFS1 has 1st generation cable cross-section and magnetic design.

Magnetic Measurement Results of the LCLS Undulator Quadrupoles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anderson, Scott; Caban, Keith; Nuhn, Heinz-Dieter; Reese, Ed; Wolf, Zachary; /SLAC

2011-08-18

This note details the magnetic measurements and the magnetic center fiducializations that were performed on all of the thirty-six LCLS undulator quadrupoles. Temperature rise, standardization reproducibility, vacuum chamber effects and magnetic center reproducibility measurements are also presented. The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) undulator beam line has 33 girders, each with a LCLS undulator quadrupole which focuses and steers the beam through the beam line. Each quadrupole has main quadrupole coils, as well as separate horizontal and vertical trim coils. Thirty-six quadrupoles, thirty-three installed and three spares were, manufactured for the LCLS undulator system and all were measured to confirm that they met requirement specifications for integrated gradient, harmonics and for magnetic center shifts after current changes. The horizontal and vertical dipole trims of each quadrupole were similarly characterized. Each quadrupole was also fiducialized to its magnetic center. All characterizing measurements on the undulator quads were performed with their mirror plates on and after a standardization of three cycles from -6 to +6 to -6 amps. Since the undulator quadrupoles could be used as a focusing or defocusing magnet depending on their location, all quadrupoles were characterized as focusing and as defocusing quadrupoles. A subset of the undulator quadrupoles were used to verify that the undulator quadrupole design met specifications for temperature rise, standardization reproducibility and magnetic center reproducibility after splitting. The effects of the mirror plates on the undulator quadrupoles were also measured.

Centering of quadrupole family

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinayev, Igor

2007-01-01

A procedure for finding the individual centers for a family of quadrupoles fed with a single power supply is described. The method is generalized for using the correctors adjacent to the quadrupoles. Theoretical background is presented as well as experimental data for the NSLS rings. The method accuracy is also discussed

Nuclear moments and charge radii of magnesium isotopes from N=8 up to (and beyond) N=20

CERN Multimedia

Mattolat, C F; Mallion, S N; Himpe, P

2002-01-01

We propose to measure the nuclear monopole, dipole and quadrupole moments of magnesium isotopes from the neutron deficient nuclei near the N=8 shell closure ($^{21}$Mg), up to the neutron rich Mg nuclei beyond N=20 ($^{33}$Mg). The physics issues that will be addressed in this project are related to: \\begin{itemize} \\item The properties of mirror nuclei (e.g. $^{21}$Mg - $^{21}$F being members of a T=3/2 multiplet) \\item The evolution of shell structure and deformation with isospin. \\item Changes in the shell structure in the "island of inversion" around $^{32}$Mg and along the N=9 isotones. \\end{itemize} Radioactive beams of Mg isotopes will be produced by the RILlS ion source. The Mg isotopes will be resonantly polarized at the COLLAPS set-up. With $\\beta$-NMR techniques, precision measurements of g-factors and quadrupole moments of the radioactive $^{21,23}$Mg and $^{29,31,33}$Mg isotopes will be performed. Isotope shifts, thus changes in mean square charge radii, will be deduced from hyperfine spectra mea...

Ion trajectories quadrupole mass filters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ursu, D.; Lupsa, N.; Muntean, F.

1994-01-01

The present paper aims at bringing some contributions to the understanding of ion motion in quadrupole mass filters. The theoretical treatment of quadrupole mass filter is intended to be a concise derivation of the important physical relationships using Mathieu functions. A simple iterative method of numerical computation has been used to simulate ion trajectories in an ideal quadrupole field. Finally, some examples of calculation are presented with the aid of computer graphics. (Author) 14 Figs., 1 Tab., 20 Refs

A quantized microwave quadrupole insulator with topologically protected corner states

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Christopher W.; Benalcazar, Wladimir A.; Hughes, Taylor L.; Bahl, Gaurav

2018-03-01

The theory of electric polarization in crystals defines the dipole moment of an insulator in terms of a Berry phase (geometric phase) associated with its electronic ground state. This concept not only solves the long-standing puzzle of how to calculate dipole moments in crystals, but also explains topological band structures in insulators and superconductors, including the quantum anomalous Hall insulator and the quantum spin Hall insulator, as well as quantized adiabatic pumping processes. A recent theoretical study has extended the Berry phase framework to also account for higher electric multipole moments, revealing the existence of higher-order topological phases that have not previously been observed. Here we demonstrate experimentally a member of this predicted class of materials—a quantized quadrupole topological insulator—produced using a gigahertz-frequency reconfigurable microwave circuit. We confirm the non-trivial topological phase using spectroscopic measurements and by identifying corner states that result from the bulk topology. In addition, we test the critical prediction that these corner states are protected by the topology of the bulk, and are not due to surface artefacts, by deforming the edges of the crystal lattice from the topological to the trivial regime. Our results provide conclusive evidence of a unique form of robustness against disorder and deformation, which is characteristic of higher-order topological insulators.

Permanent quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bush, E.D. Jr.

1976-01-01

A family of quadrupole magnets using a soft iron return yoke and circular cross-section permanent magnet poles were fabricated to investigate the feasibility for use in ion or electron beam focusing applications in accelerators and transport lines. Magnetic field measurements yielded promising results. In fixed-field applications, permanent magnets with sufficient gradients would be a low cost substitute for conventional electromagnets, eliminating the need for power supplies, associated wiring, and cooling. Based on preliminary tests, it was seen that permanent quadrupole magnets can offer a low cost, reliable solution in applications requiring small, fixed-field focusing devices for use in ion or electron-beam transport systems. Permanent magnets do require special considerations in design, fabrication, handling, and service that are different than encountered in conventional quadrupole magnets. If these basic conditions are satisfied, the resulting beam-focusing device would be stable, maintenance free, with virtually an indefinite lifetime

Electromagnetic moments and electric dipole transitions in carbon isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Toshio; Sagawa, Hiroyuki; Hagino, Kouichi

2003-01-01

We carry out shell model calculations to study electromagnetic moments and electric dipole transitions of C isotopes. We point out the configuration dependence of the quadrupole and magnetic moments of the odd C isotopes, which will be useful to find out the deformations and the spin parities of the ground states of these nuclei. We also study the electric dipole states of C isotopes, focusing on the interplay between low energy pigmy strength and giant dipole resonances. As far as the energies of the resonances are concerned, reasonable agreement is obtained with available experimental data for the photoreaction cross sections in 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C, both in the low energy region below (ℎ/2π)ω=14 MeV and in the high energy giant resonance region (14 MeV 15 C is found to exhaust about 12-16 % of the classical Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule value and 50-80 % of the cluster sum rule value

Moments and mean square charge radii of short-lived argon isotopes

CERN Document Server

Klein, A; Georg, U; Keim, M; Lievens, P; Neugart, R; Neuroth, M; Silverans, R E; Vermeeren, L

1996-01-01

We report on the measurement of optical isotope shifts for $^{32-40}$Ar and for $^{46}$Ar from which the changes in mean square nuclear charge radii across the N = 20 neutron shell closure are deducted. The investigations were carried out by collinear laser spectroscopy in fast beams of neutral argon atoms. The ultra-sensitive detection combines optical pumping, state-selective collisional ionization and counting of $\\beta$-radioactivity. By reaching far into the sd-shell, the results add new information to the systematics of radii in the calcium region (Z $\\approx$ 20). Contrary to all major neutron shell closures with N $\\geq$ 28, the N = 20 shell closure causes no significant slope change in the development of the radii. Information from the hyperfine structure of the odd-A isotopes includes includes the magnetic moments of $^{33}$Ar (I=1/2) and $^{39}$Ar (I=7/2), and the quadrupole moments of $^{35}$Ar, $^{37}$Ar (I=3/2) and $^{39}$Ar. The electromagnetic moments are compared to shell-model predictions fo...

Torques on quadrupoles

OpenAIRE

Torres del Castillo, G.F; Méndez Garrido, A

2006-01-01

Making use of the fact that a 2l-pole can be represented by means of l vectors of the same magnitude, the torque on a quadrupole in an inhomogeneous external field is expressed in terms of the vectors that represent the quadrupole and the gradient of the external field. The conditions for rotational equilibrium are also expressed in terms of these vectors. Haciendo uso de que un multipolo de orden 2l puede representarse mediante l vectores de la misma magnitud, la torca sobre un cuadripolo...

Laced permanent magnet quadrupole drift tube magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feinberg, B.; Behrsing, G.U.; Halbach, K.; Marks, J.S.; Morrison, M.E.; Nelson, D.H.

1988-10-01

A laced permanent magnet quadrupole drift tube magnet has been constructed for a proof-of-principle test. The magnet is a conventional tape-wound quadrupole electromagnet, using iron pole- pieces, with the addition of permanent magnet material (neodymium iron) between the poles to reduce the effects of saturation. The iron is preloaded with magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet material, resulting in an asymmetrical saturation curve. Since the polarity of the quadrupole magnets in a drift tube linac is not reversed we can take advantage of this asymmetrical saturation to provide greater focusing strength. The magnet configuration has been optimized and the vanadium permendur poles needed in a conventional quadrupole have been replaced with iron poles. The use of permanent magnet material has allowed us to increase the focusing strength of the magnet by about 20% over that of a conventional tape-wound quadrupole. Comparisons will be made between this magnet and the conventional tape-wound quadrupole. 3 refs., 5 figs

Spontaneous structural distortion of the metallic Shastry-Sutherland system Dy B4 by quadrupole-spin-lattice coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Sim, Hasung; Lee, Seongsu; Hong, Kun-Pyo; Jeong, Jaehong; Zhang, J. R.; Kamiyama, T.; Adroja, D. T.; Murray, C. A.; Thompson, S. P.; Iga, F.; Ji, S.; Khomskii, D.; Park, Je-Geun

2016-11-01

Dy B4 has a two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland (Sh-S) lattice with strong Ising character of the Dy ions. Despite the intrinsic frustrations, it undergoes two successive transitions: a magnetic ordering at TN=20 K and a quadrupole ordering at TQ=12.5 K . From high-resolution neutron and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction studies, we have obtained full structural information on this material in all phases and demonstrate that structural modifications occurring at quadrupolar transition lead to the lifting of frustrations inherent in the Sh-S model. Our paper thus provides a complete experimental picture of how the intrinsic frustration of the Sh-S lattice can be lifted by the coupling to quadrupole moments. We show that two other factors, i.e., strong spin-orbit coupling and long-range Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in metallic Dy B4 , play an important role in this behavior.

Quadrupole to BPM offset determination in Indus-2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jena, Saroj; Ghodke, A.D.; Singh, G.

2009-01-01

A feasibility of finding the quadrupole to BPM offset using beam based alignment (BBA) technique in Indus-2 has been studied. The measurements of the offsets between BPM and quadrupoles could be performed by using quadratic fitting for the minima of the orbit response w. r. t. changes in the quadrupole strengths. These offsets will be integrated to the orbit data during closed orbit correction. There are 72 quadrupoles and 56 BPMs in Indus-2. However the assessment of Quad-BPM offsets is not feasible in some cases due to non-availability of BPM adjacent to quadrupole and also in some cases because of a large phase advance between quadrupole and nearby BPM. Here single corrector method is used to obtain these offsets and assumed the current of each quadrupole can be varied independently. A graphical user interface (GUI) is developed in MATLAB for the use of BBA in Indus-2. (author)

Measurement of nuclear moments and radii by collinear laser spectroscopy

CERN Multimedia

Geithner, W R; Lievens, P; Kotrotsios, G; Silverans, R; Kappertz, S

2002-01-01

%IS304 %title\\\\ \\\\Collinear laser spectroscopy on a fast beam has proven to be a widely applicable and very efficient tool for measurements of changes in mean square nuclear charge radii, nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. Recent developments of extremely sensitive non-optical detection schemes enabled for some elements the extension of the measurements towards the very short-lived isotopes in the far wings of the ISOLDE production curves. The gain in sensitivity opens up new perspectives, particularly for measurements on lighter nuclei whose ground-state properties can be interpreted by large scale microscopic calculations instead of the more phenomenologic models used for heavier nuclei.\\\\ \\\\ For the sequence of argon isotopes $^{32-40}$Ar and $^{46}$Ar isotope shifts and nuclear moments were measured by optical pumping followed by state selective collisional ionization and detection of the $\\beta$-decay. Similarly, the low-background $\\alpha$-detection was used to extend earlie...

Three-dimensional quadrupole lenses made with permanent magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, A.S.

1984-01-01

The performance of accelerator systems with quadrupole magnets can be improved by using permanent magnets in quadrupole lenses. This requires better methods for treating the three-dimensional nature of the magnetic fields and the nonlinear characteristics of the magnets. A numerical method is described for simulating three-dimensional magnetic fields and used to analyze quadrupole lenses and doublets with permanent magnets. The results, which are confirmed experimentally, indicate that both the quadrupole magnetic gradient and the effective field length are changed in permanent-magnet quadrupole lenses when the pole lengths and the gap between the lenses are varied while the other characteristics of the magnets remain unchanged

Design of an electrostatic magnetic quadrupole accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mizuno, M.; Ohara, Y.

1993-01-01

A new type of electrostatic acceleration system, electrostatic magnetic quadrupole (ESMQ) acceleration system, is proposed for efficient acceleration of negative ion beams. In this system, permanent magnets are buried in the acceleration electrodes so as to produce a quadrupole magnetic field in the electrode aperture region. Envelope simulation indicates that the quadrupole field can deflect electrons stripped from the negative ions. Beam envelope simulations for deuterium ions and electrons have been carried out using the beam envelope code TRACE. Electrons are largely divergent and most appear likely to hit downstream electrodes. Furthermore, maximum beam divergence of the deuterium ions is reduced to the focusing effect of the quadrupole magnetic field

High gradient superconducting quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lundy, R.A.; Brown, B.C.; Carson, J.A.; Fisk, H.E.; Hanft, R.H.; Mantsch, P.M.; McInturff, A.D.; Remsbottom, R.H.

1987-07-01

Prototype superconducting quadrupoles with a 5 cm aperture and gradient of 16 kG/cm have been built and tested as candidate magnets for the final focus at SLC. The magnets are made from NbTi Tevatron style cable with 10 inner and 14 outer turns per quadrant. Quench performance and multipole data are presented. Design and data for a low current, high gradient quadrupole, similar in cross section but wound with a cable consisting of five insulated conductors are also discussed

Electrostatic quadrupoles for heavy-ion fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seidl, P.; Faltens, A.

1993-05-01

Voltage-holding data for three quadrupole electrode sizes and inter-electrode spacings are reported. The dependence of the breakdown voltage on system size and its influence on the optimum quadrupole size for beam transport in a multiple beam array are discussed

Equivalent circuit study of beam-loading using a moment method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, T.F.; Machida, S.; Mori, Y.; Ohmori, C.

1997-01-01

In this work, we present a formalism by considering the perturbations in the moments of a bunched beam for the equivalent circuit model to include all harmonics of the synchroton oscillation in a beam-cavity interaction system. The linear coupling among all longitudinal modes under the influence of narrow-band impedance can be naturally incorporated in this new approach. We used this method to re-examine the coupling between the dipole and the quadrupole modes. The dispersion relation obtained by this new method was compared with that derived from the linearized Vlasov equation up to the second harmonic of the synchrotron motion. We found excellent qualitative agreements between two approaches

A strong focussing cylindrical electrostatic quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheng Yaochang

1986-01-01

The construction and performance of small cylindrical electrostatic quadrupole, which is installed in JM-400 pulse electrostatic accelerator, are described. This electrostatic quadrupole is not only used in neutron generator, but also suitable for ion injector as well as for low energy electron accelerator

Double-photoionization of helium including quadrupole radiation effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colgan, James [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ludlow, J A [AUBURN UNIV; Lee, Teck - Ghee [AUBURN UNIV; Pindzola, M S [AUBURN UNIV; Robicheaux, F [AUBURN UNIV

2009-01-01

Non-perturbative time-dependent close-coupling calculations are carried out for the double photoionization of helium including both dipole and quadrupole radiation effects. At a photon energy of 800 eV, accessible at CUlTent synchrotron light sources, the quadrupole interaction contributes around 6% to the total integral double photoionization cross section. The pure quadrupole single energy differential cross section shows a local maxima at equal energy sharing, as opposed to the minimum found in the pure dipole single energy differential cross section. The sum of the pure dipole and pure quadrupole single energy differentials is insensitive to non-dipole effects at 800 eV. However, the triple differential cross section at equal energy sharing of the two ejected electrons shows strong non-dipole effects due to the quadrupole interaction that may be experimentally observable.

The Features of Moessbauer Spectra of Hemoglobins: Approximation by Superposition of Quadrupole Doublets or by Quadrupole Splitting Distribution?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oshtrakh, M. I.; Semionkin, V. A.

2004-01-01

Moessbauer spectra of hemoglobins have some features in the range of liquid nitrogen temperature: a non-Lorentzian asymmetric line shape for oxyhemoglobins and symmetric Lorentzian line shape for deoxyhemoglobins. A comparison of the approximation of the hemoglobin Moessbauer spectra by a superposition of two quadrupole doublets and by a distribution of the quadrupole splitting demonstrates that a superposition of two quadrupole doublets is more reliable and may reflect the non-equivalent iron electronic structure and the stereochemistry in the α- and β-subunits of hemoglobin tetramers.

Nuclear moments and the change of the mean square charge radius of neutron deficient thallium isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menges, R.; Dinger, U.; Boos, N.; Huber, G.; Schroeder, S.

1992-01-01

The hyperfine structure, isotope and isomeric shifts in the atomic transition 6p 2 P 3/2 -7s 2 S 1/2 , λ=535 nm have been measured for the I=7 and I=2 states of 190,192,194,196 Tl, the I=1/2 and I=9/2 states of 191 Tl and the I=7 isomer of 188 Tl. The thallium isotopes were prepared as fast atomic beams at the GSI on-line mass separator following fusion reactions and - in some cases - subsequent β-decay. The nuclear dipole moments, electric quadrupole moments and the change in the nuclear mean square charge radius are evaluated. The uu-isotopes show an isomeric shift which changes sign between 192 Tl and 194 Tl. (orig.)

Thermogravimetric-quadrupole mass-spectrometric analysis of geochemical samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Gibson, E. K., Jr.; Johnson, S. M.

1972-01-01

Thermogravimetric-quadrupole mass-spectrometric-analysis techniques can be used to study a wide variety of problems involving decomposition processes and identification of released volatile components. A recording vacuum thermoanalyzer has been coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rapid scan capabilities of the quadrupole mass spectrometer are used to identify the gaseous components released. The capability of the thermogravimetric-quadrupole mass spectrometer to provide analytical data for identification of the released volatile components, for determination of their sequence of release and for correlation of thermal-decomposition studies is illustrated by an analysis of the Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite.

Matter-wave solitons supported by quadrupole-quadrupole interactions and anisotropic discrete lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Zhong, Rong-Xuan; Huang, Nan; Li, Huang-Wu; He, He-Xiang; Lü, Jian-Tao; Huang, Chun-Qing; Chen, Zhao-Pin

2018-04-01

We numerically and analytically investigate the formations and features of two-dimensional discrete Bose-Einstein condensate solitons, which are constructed by quadrupole-quadrupole interactional particles trapped in the tunable anisotropic discrete optical lattices. The square optical lattices in the model can be formed by two pairs of interfering plane waves with different intensities. Two hopping rates of the particles in the orthogonal directions are different, which gives rise to a linear anisotropic system. We find that if all of the pairs of dipole and anti-dipole are perpendicular to the lattice panel and the line connecting the dipole and anti-dipole which compose the quadrupole is parallel to horizontal direction, both the linear anisotropy and the nonlocal nonlinear one can strongly influence the formations of the solitons. There exist three patterns of stable solitons, namely horizontal elongation quasi-one-dimensional discrete solitons, disk-shape isotropic pattern solitons and vertical elongation quasi-continuous solitons. We systematically demonstrate the relationships of chemical potential, size and shape of the soliton with its total norm and vertical hopping rate and analytically reveal the linear dispersion relation for quasi-one-dimensional discrete solitons.

Spins, moments and radii of Cd isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hammen, Michael

2013-01-01

, the electric quadrupole moments, spins and changes in mean square charge radii are extracted. The obtained data reveal among other features an extremely linear behaviour of the quadrupole moments of the I=11/2 - isomeric states and a parabolic development in differences in mean square nuclear charge radii between ground and isomeric state. The development of charge radii between the shell closures is smooth, exposes a regular odd-even staggering and can be described and interpreted in the model of Zamick and Thalmi.

Spins, moments and radii of Cd isotopes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hammen, Michael

2013-10-30

recorded and the magnetic dipole moments, the electric quadrupole moments, spins and changes in mean square charge radii are extracted. The obtained data reveal among other features an extremely linear behaviour of the quadrupole moments of the I=11/2{sup -} isomeric states and a parabolic development in differences in mean square nuclear charge radii between ground and isomeric state. The development of charge radii between the shell closures is smooth, exposes a regular odd-even staggering and can be described and interpreted in the model of Zamick and Thalmi.

All systems go for LHC quadrupoles

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

The series fabrication of the Main Quadrupole cold masses for the LHC has begun with the delivery of the first unit on February 12th. The superconducting dipole magnets required to bend the proton beams around the LHC are often in the news. Less famous, perhaps, but equally important are the 360 main quadrupole (MQ) magnets, which will perform the principal focusing around the 27 km ring. CERN and CEA-Saclay began collaborating on the development and prototyping of these magnets in 1989. This resulted in five highly successful quadrupole units - also known as short straight sections - one of which was integrated for testing in String 1, and two others of the final design in String 2. Once the tests had confirmed the validity of the design and realization, the fabrication of the 360 cold masses had to be transferred to industry. After highly competitive tendering, the German firm ACCEL Instruments was entrusted both with the construction of the quadrupole magnets themselves, and with their assembly into the co...

Collinear Laser Spectroscopy of Manganese Isotopes using the Radio Frequency Quadrupole Cooler and Buncher at ISOLDE

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(CDS)2083426

The hyperfine structure of the odd-even $^{51−63}$Mn isotopes (N = 26 − 38) were measured using bunched beam collinear laser spectroscopy with the COLLAPS experimental setup at ISOLDE, CERN. The properties of these nuclei were investigated over the course of two experiments. During the first experiment, nuclear spins and magnetic dipole moments were extracted from spectroscopy on manganese atoms. These nuclear properties were then compared to the predictions of two large-scale shell model effective interactions (GXPF1A [1, 2] and LNPS [3]) which use different model spaces. In the case of $^{61,63}$Mn, these results show the increasing importance of neutron excitations across the proposed N = 40 subshell closure, and of proton excitations across the Z = 28 shell gap. These measurements provide the first direct proof that proton and neutron excitations across shell gaps are playing an important role in the ground state wave functions of the neutron-rich Mn isotopes. The electric quadrupole moment provides c...

Nonuniform radiation damage in permanent magnet quadrupoles.

Science.gov (United States)

Danly, C R; Merrill, F E; Barlow, D; Mariam, F G

2014-08-01

We present data that indicate nonuniform magnetization loss due to radiation damage in neodymium-iron-boron Halbach-style permanent magnet quadrupoles. The proton radiography (pRad) facility at Los Alamos uses permanent-magnet quadrupoles for magnifying lenses, and a system recently commissioned at GSI-Darmsdadt uses permanent magnets for its primary lenses. Large fluences of spallation neutrons can be produced in close proximity to these magnets when the proton beam is, intentionally or unintentionally, directed into the tungsten beam collimators; imaging experiments at LANL's pRad have shown image degradation with these magnetic lenses at proton beam doses lower than those expected to cause damage through radiation-induced reduction of the quadrupole strength alone. We have observed preferential degradation in portions of the permanent magnet quadrupole where the field intensity is highest, resulting in increased high-order multipole components.

Nonuniform radiation damage in permanent magnet quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danly, C. R.; Merrill, F. E.; Barlow, D.; Mariam, F. G.

2014-01-01

We present data that indicate nonuniform magnetization loss due to radiation damage in neodymium-iron-boron Halbach-style permanent magnet quadrupoles. The proton radiography (pRad) facility at Los Alamos uses permanent-magnet quadrupoles for magnifying lenses, and a system recently commissioned at GSI-Darmsdadt uses permanent magnets for its primary lenses. Large fluences of spallation neutrons can be produced in close proximity to these magnets when the proton beam is, intentionally or unintentionally, directed into the tungsten beam collimators; imaging experiments at LANL’s pRad have shown image degradation with these magnetic lenses at proton beam doses lower than those expected to cause damage through radiation-induced reduction of the quadrupole strength alone. We have observed preferential degradation in portions of the permanent magnet quadrupole where the field intensity is highest, resulting in increased high-order multipole components

Nonuniform radiation damage in permanent magnet quadrupoles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Danly, C. R.; Merrill, F. E.; Barlow, D.; Mariam, F. G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 (United States)

2014-08-15

We present data that indicate nonuniform magnetization loss due to radiation damage in neodymium-iron-boron Halbach-style permanent magnet quadrupoles. The proton radiography (pRad) facility at Los Alamos uses permanent-magnet quadrupoles for magnifying lenses, and a system recently commissioned at GSI-Darmsdadt uses permanent magnets for its primary lenses. Large fluences of spallation neutrons can be produced in close proximity to these magnets when the proton beam is, intentionally or unintentionally, directed into the tungsten beam collimators; imaging experiments at LANL’s pRad have shown image degradation with these magnetic lenses at proton beam doses lower than those expected to cause damage through radiation-induced reduction of the quadrupole strength alone. We have observed preferential degradation in portions of the permanent magnet quadrupole where the field intensity is highest, resulting in increased high-order multipole components.

Ion-storage in radiofrequency electric quadrupole field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gheorghe, V.

1976-01-01

The confinement of charged particles in a quadrupole radiofrequency electric field are presented. The stability diagrams and phase space trajectories for the quadrupole mass spectrometer and for the ion trap are represented and their main characteristics are discussed. (author)

The electric dipole moment of cobalt monoxide, CoO.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhuang, Xiujuan; Steimle, Timothy C

2014-03-28

A number of low-rotational lines of the E(4)Δ7/2 ← X(4)Δ7/2 (1,0) band system of cobalt monoxide, CoO, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The magnetic hyperfine parameter, h7/2, and the electron quadrupole parameter, eQq0, for the E(4)Δ7/2(υ = 1) state were optimized from the analysis of the field-free spectrum. The permanent electric dipole moment, μ(→)(el), for the X(4)Δ7/2 (υ = 0) and E(4)Δ7/2 (υ = 1) states were determined to be 4.18 ± 0.05 D and 3.28 ± 0.05 D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark spectra of F' = 7 ← F″ = 6 branch feature in the Q(7/2) line and the F' = 8 ← F″ = 7 branch feature in the R(7/2) line. The measured dipole moments of CoO are compared to those from theoretical predictions and the trend across the 3d-metal monoxide series discussed.

Rescuing the nonjet (NJ) azimuth quadrupole from the flow narrative

Science.gov (United States)

Trainor, Thomas A.

2017-04-01

According to the flow narrative commonly applied to high-energy nuclear collisions a cylindrical-quadrupole component of 1D azimuth angular correlations is conventionally denoted by quantity υ2 and interpreted to represent elliptic flow. Jet angular correlations may also contribute to υ2 data "nonflow" depending on the method used to calculate υ2, but 2D graphical methods are available to insure accurate separation. The nonjet (NJ) quadrupole has various properties inconsistent with a flow interpretation, including the observation that NJ quadrupole centrality variation in A-A collisions has no relation to strongly-varying jet modication ("jet quenching") in those collisions commonly attributed to jet interaction with a flowing dense medium. In this presentation I describe isolation of quadrupole spectra from pt-differential υ2(pt) data from the RHIC and LHC. I demonstrate that quadrupole spectra have characteristics very different from the single-particle spectra for most hadrons, that quadrupole spectra indicate a common boosted hadron source for a small minority of hadrons that "carry" the NJ quadrupole structure, that the narrow source-boost distribution is characteristic of an expanding thin cylindrical shell (strongly contradicting hydro descriptions), and that in the boost frame a single universal quadrupole spectrum (Lévy distribution) on transverse mass mt accurately describes data for several hadron species scaled according to their statistical-model abundances. The quadrupole spectrum shape changes very little from RHIC to LHC energies. Taken in combination those characteristics strongly suggest a unique nonflow (and nonjet) QCD mechanism for the NJ quadrupole conventionally represented by υ2.

Rescuing the nonjet (NJ azimuth quadrupole from the flow narrative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trainor Thomas A.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available According to the flow narrative commonly applied to high-energy nuclear collisions a cylindrical-quadrupole component of 1D azimuth angular correlations is conventionally denoted by quantity υ2 and interpreted to represent elliptic flow. Jet angular correlations may also contribute to υ2 data “nonflow” depending on the method used to calculate υ2, but 2D graphical methods are available to insure accurate separation. The nonjet (NJ quadrupole has various properties inconsistent with a flow interpretation, including the observation that NJ quadrupole centrality variation in A-A collisions has no relation to strongly-varying jet modication (“jet quenching” in those collisions commonly attributed to jet interaction with a flowing dense medium. In this presentation I describe isolation of quadrupole spectra from pt-differential υ2(pt data from the RHIC and LHC. I demonstrate that quadrupole spectra have characteristics very different from the single-particle spectra for most hadrons, that quadrupole spectra indicate a common boosted hadron source for a small minority of hadrons that “carry” the NJ quadrupole structure, that the narrow source-boost distribution is characteristic of an expanding thin cylindrical shell (strongly contradicting hydro descriptions, and that in the boost frame a single universal quadrupole spectrum (Lévy distribution on transverse mass mt accurately describes data for several hadron species scaled according to their statistical-model abundances. The quadrupole spectrum shape changes very little from RHIC to LHC energies. Taken in combination those characteristics strongly suggest a unique nonflow (and nonjet QCD mechanism for the NJ quadrupole conventionally represented by υ2.

Quadrupole Ion Traps

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

to do precision spectroscopic measurements on these ions. ... Bonn, investigated the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter, .... the details of which will be discussed in the subse- ... the radial plane the ion undergoes a circular motion with the.

SUPERCONDUCTING QUADRUPOLE ARRAYS FOR MULTIPLE BEAM TRANSPORT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rainer Meinke Carl Goodzeit Penny Ball Roger Bangerter

2003-01-01

The goal of this research was to develop concepts for affordable, fully functional arrays of superconducting quadrupoles for multi-beam transport and focusing in heavy ion fusion (HIF)accelerators. Previous studies by the Virtual National Laboratory (VNL) collaboration have shown that the multi-beam transport system (consisting of alternating gradient quadrupole magnets, a beam vacuum system, and the beam monitor and control system) will likely be one of the most expensive and critical parts of such an accelerator. This statement is true for near-term fusion research accelerators as well as accelerators for the ultimate goal of power production via inertial fusion. For this reason, research on superconducting quadrupole arrays is both timely and important for the inertial fusion energy (IFE) research program. This research will also benefit near-term heavy ion fusion facilities such as the Integrated Research Experiment (IRE)and/or the Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX). We considered a 2-prong approach that addresses the needs of both the nearer and longer term requirements of the inertial fusion program. First, we studied the flat coil quadrupole design that was developed by LLNL; this magnet is 150 mm long with a 50 mm aperture and thus is suitable for near term experiments that require magnets of a small length to aperture ratio. Secondly, we studied the novel double-helix quadrupole (DHQ) design in a small (3 x 3) array configuration; this design can provide an important step to the longer term solution of loW--cost, easy to manufacture array constructions. Our Phase I studies were performed using the AMPERES magnetostatic analysis software. Consideration of these results led to plans for future magnet RandD construction projects. The first objective of Phase I was to develop the concept of a superconducting focusing array that meets the specific requirements of a heavy ion fusion accelerator. Detailed parameter studies for such quadrupole arrays were performed

SUPERCONDUCTING QUADRUPOLE ARRAYS FOR MULTIPLE BEAM TRANSPORT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rainer Meinke

2003-10-01

The goal of this research was to develop concepts for affordable, fully functional arrays of superconducting quadrupoles for multi-beam transport and focusing in heavy ion fusion (HIF)accelerators. Previous studies by the Virtual National Laboratory (VNL) collaboration have shown that the multi-beam transport system (consisting of alternating gradient quadrupole magnets, a beam vacuum system, and the beam monitor and control system) will likely be one of the most expensive and critical parts of such an accelerator. This statement is true for near-term fusion research accelerators as well as accelerators for the ultimate goal of power production via inertial fusion. For this reason, research on superconducting quadrupole arrays is both timely and important for the inertial fusion energy (IFE) research program. This research will also benefit near-term heavy ion fusion facilities such as the Integrated Research Experiment (IRE)and/or the Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX). We considered a 2-prong approach that addresses the needs of both the nearer and longer term requirements of the inertial fusion program. First, we studied the flat coil quadrupole design that was developed by LLNL; this magnet is 150 mm long with a 50 mm aperture and thus is suitable for near term experiments that require magnets of a small length to aperture ratio. Secondly, we studied the novel double-helix quadrupole (DHQ) design in a small (3 x 3) array configuration; this design can provide an important step to the longer term solution of low-cost, easy to manufacture array constructions. Our Phase I studies were performed using the AMPERES magnetostatic analysis software. Consideration of these results led to plans for future magnet R&D construction projects. The first objective of Phase I was to develop the concept of a superconducting focusing array that meets the specific requirements of a heavy ion fusion accelerator. Detailed parameter studies for such quadrupole arrays were performed

AA, wide quadrupole on measurement stand

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1981-01-01

Please look up 8101024 first. Shims and washers on the wide quadrupoles (QFW, QDW; located in the lattice where dispersion was large) served mostly for corrections of those lattice parameters which were a function of momentum. After mounting shims and washers, the quadrupoles were measured to determine their magnetic centre and to catalogue the effect of washer constellations. Raymond Brown is busy measuring a wide quad.

AA, shims and washers on quadrupole ends

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1981-01-01

Due to the fact that much of the field of the quadrupoles was outside the iron (in particular with the wide quadrupoles) and that thus the fields of quadrupoles and bending magnets interacted, the lattice properties of the AA could not be predicted with the required accuracy. After a first running period in 1980, during which detailed measurements were made with proton test beams, corrections to the quadrupoles were made in 1981, in the form of laminated shims at the ends of the poles, and with steel washers. With the latter ones, further refinements were made in an iterative procedure with measurements on the circulating beam. This eventually resulted, amongst other things, in a very low chromaticity, with the Q-values being constant to within +- 0.001 over the total momentum range of 6 %. Here we see the shims and washers on a narrow qudrupole (QFN, QDN). See also 8103203, 8103204, 8103205, 8103206.

Quadrupole collectivity in {sup 128}Cd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boenig, Esther Sabine

2014-07-07

The regions around shell closures, especially around doubly magic nuclei, are of major interest in nuclear structure physics, as they provide a perfect test for nuclear structure theory. The neutron-rich Cd isotopes in the region of {sup 132}Sn are only two protons away from the shell closure at Z=50 and in close proximity to the N=82 magic number. Nevertheless they show an irregular behaviour regarding the excitation energy of the first excited 2{sup +} state. This is not reproduced by shell model calculations, which is astonishing due to the proximity of the shell closures. In order to shed light on the much discussed region around doubly magic {sup 132}Sn, a Coulomb excitation experiment of {sup 128}Cd has been performed at REX-ISOLDE, CERN. The reduced transition strength B(E2;0{sup +}{sub gs} → 2{sup +}{sub 1}), which is a measure of collectivity, and the spectroscopic quadrupole moment Q{sub s}(2{sup +}{sub 1}) as a measure of deformation could be determined for the first time. The results are shown as the continuation of already measured neutron-rich Cd isotopes and are compared to both beyond mean field and shell model calculations, which give different predictions for these observables.

Measurements of quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conradie, J.L.; Fourie, D.T.; Cornell, J.C.; Lloyd, G.C.W.

1987-01-01

Measurements carried out on quadrupole magnets using a long asymmetric rotating coil are described. Although the method itself is fairly well-known, the introduction of microprocessors has made this once-tedious technique into a useful and simple method of evaluating quadrupole magnets. The rotating-coil device and a variety of coil sizes are now commercially available. The coil contains a large number of extremely fine wires, embedded in a carefully balanced fibre-glass rotor, resulting in a reasonable induced voltage when the coil is rotated. A digital harmonic analyser is then used to obtain the integrated multipole content of the waveform, while the coil is rotating. By integrating over time, one can average out random noise and increase the reliability and repeatability of the measurements. Because the harmonic analysis is done in real time, the method is quick, easy and accurate, and has been extended to locate the precise magnetic centre of the quadrupole magnet by adjusting its position relative to the coil axis so as to minimize the dipole content of the output waveform. Results of these measurements are compared with those obtained with an optical method using a suspension of magnetite. The observed light pattern is explained analytically. (author)

Power supplies for the injector synchrotron quadrupoles and sextupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fathizadeh, M.

1995-01-01

This light source note will describe the power supplies for the injector synchrotron quadrupole and sextupole magnets. The injector synchrotron has two families of quadrupole magnets. Each family consists of 40 quadrupole magnets connected in series. These magnets are energized by two phase-controlled, 12-pulse power supplies. Therefore, each power supply will be rated to deliver the necessary power to only 40 quadrupole magnets. The two families of sextupole magnets in the injector synchrotron each consists of 32 sextupole magnets connected in series, powered by a phase-controlled power supply. Thus, each power supply shall be capable of delivering power to only 32 sextupole magnets

Stability considerations of permanent magnet quadrupoles for CESR phase-III upgrade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Lou

1998-06-01

Full Text Available The Cornell electron storage ring (CESR phase-III upgrade plan includes very strong permanent magnet quadrupoles in front of the cryostat for the superconducting quadrupoles and physically as close as possible to the interaction point. Together with the superconducting quadrupoles, they provide tighter vertical focusing at the interaction point. The quadrupoles are built with neodymium iron boron (NdFeB material and operate inside the 15 kG solenoid field. Requirements on the field quality and stability of these quadrupoles are discussed and test results are presented.

Ion-neutral transport through quadrupole interfaces of mass-spectrometer systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jugroot, M.; Groth, C.P.T.; Thomson, B.A.; Baranov, V.; Collings, B.A.; French, J.B.

2004-01-01

The transport of free ions through highly under-expanded jet flows of neutral gases and in the presence of applied electric fields is investigated by continuum-based numerical simulations. In particular, numerical results are described which are relevant to ion flows occurring in quadrupole interfaces of mass spectrometer systems. A five-moment mathematical model and parallel multi-block numerical solution procedure is developed for predicting the ion transport. The model incorporates the effects of ion-neutral collision processes and is used in conjunction with a Navier-Stokes model and flow solver for the neutral gas to examine the key influences controlling the ion motion. The effects of the neutral gas flow, electric fields (both dc and rf), and flow field geometry on ion mobility are carefully assessed. The capability of controlling the charged particle motions through a combination of directed neutral flow and applied electric field is demonstrated for these high-speed, hypersonic, jet flows. (author)

Compact quadrupole triplet for the S-DALINAC polarized electron injector SPIN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eckardt, C.; Eichhorn, R.; Enders, J.; Hessler, C.; Poltoratska, Y. [Inst. fuer Kernphysik, Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany); Ackermann, W.; Mueller, W.F.O.; Steiner, B.; Weiland, T. [Inst. fuer Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder, Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)

2007-07-01

An ultra compact quadrupole triplet for the S-DALINAC Polarized Electron Injector SPIN has been developed. This development is due to limiting spatial restrictions. Each individual quadrupole has a length of 8 mm, affixed by two 2 mm aluminum plates, resulting in a length of only 12 mm per quadrupole. The gaps between each quadrupole are set to 18 mm, therefore the complete triplet has a total length of only 72 mm. The quadrupole design includes a large aperture, suitable for CF 35 beam pipes. As fringe fields reach far info neighboring yokes, the assembly requires simulation by a beam dynamics tool for optimal weighting of the current excitation. Measurement of the magnetic field distribution is compared to numerical values and the quadrupole strength is calculated. (orig.)

Variable Permanent Magnet Quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihara, T.; Iwashita, Y.; Kyoto U.; Kumada, M.; NIRS, Chiba; Spencer, C.M.; SLAC

2007-01-01

A permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) is one of the candidates for the final focus lens in a linear collider. An over 120 T/m strong variable permanent magnet quadrupole is achieved by the introduction of saturated iron and a 'double ring structure'. A fabricated PMQ achieved 24 T integrated gradient with 20 mm bore diameter, 100 mm magnet diameter and 20 cm pole length. The strength of the PMQ is adjustable in 1.4 T steps, due to its 'double ring structure': the PMQ is split into two nested rings; the outer ring is sliced along the beam line into four parts and is rotated to change the strength. This paper describes the variable PMQ from fabrication to recent adjustments

The giant quadrupole resonance in highly excited rotating nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Civitarese, O.; Furui, S.; Ploszajczak, M.; Faessler, A.

1983-01-01

The giant quadrupole resonance in highly excited, fast rotating nuclei is studied as a function of both the nuclear temperature and the nuclear angular momentum. The photo-absorption cross sections for quadrupole radiation in 156 Dy, 160 Er and 164 Er are evaluated within the linear response theory. The strength functions of the γ-ray spectrum obtained from the decay of highly excited nuclear states by deexcitation of the isoscalar quadrupole mode show a fine structure, which depends on the temperature T, the angular momentum I and the deformation of the nucleus β. The splitting of the modes associated with the signature-conserving and signature-changing components of the quadrupole field is discussed. (orig.)

Electromagnetic design of superconducting quadrupoles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Rossi

2006-10-01

Full Text Available We study how the critical gradient depends on the coil layout in a superconducting quadrupole for particle accelerators. We show that the results relative to a simple sector coil are well representative of the coil layouts that have been used to build several quadrupoles in the past 30 years. Using a semianalytical approach, we derive a formula that gives the critical gradient as a function of the coil cross-sectional area, of the magnet aperture, and of the superconducting cable parameters. This formula is used to evaluate the efficiency of several types of coil layouts (shell, racetrack, block, open midplane.

Boson models of quadrupole collective motion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zelevinskij, V.G.

1985-01-01

The subject of the lecture is the low-lying excitations of even-even (e-e) spherical nuclei. The predominant role of the quadrupole mode, which determines the structure of spectra and transitions, is obvious on the background of shell periodicity and pair correlations. Typical E2-transitions are strengthened Ω ∼ A 2/3 times in comparison with single particle evaluations. Together with the regularity of the whole picture it gives evidence about collectivization of quadrupole motion. The collective states are combined in bands, where the transition probability are especially great; frequencies ω of the strengthened transitions are small in comparison with pair separation energies of 2 E-bar ∼ 2 MeV. Thus, the description of low-lying excitations of spherical nuclei has to be based on three principles: collectivity (Ω >> 1), adiabaticity (τ ≡ ω/2E-bar << 1) and quadrupole symmetry

The electric dipole moment of cobalt monoxide, CoO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhuang, Xiujuan, E-mail: zhuangxj@hnu.edu.cn [College of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Steimle, Timothy C. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 (United States)

2014-03-28

A number of low-rotational lines of the E{sup 4}Δ{sub 7/2} ← X{sup 4}Δ{sub 7/2} (1,0) band system of cobalt monoxide, CoO, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The magnetic hyperfine parameter, h{sub 7/2}, and the electron quadrupole parameter, eQq{sub 0}, for the E{sup 4}Δ{sub 7/2}(υ = 1) state were optimized from the analysis of the field-free spectrum. The permanent electric dipole moment, μ{sup -vector}{sub el}, for the X{sup 4}Δ{sub 7/2} (υ = 0) and E{sup 4}Δ{sub 7/2} (υ = 1) states were determined to be 4.18 ± 0.05 D and 3.28 ± 0.05 D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark spectra of F′ = 7 ← F″ = 6 branch feature in the Q(7/2) line and the F′ = 8 ← F″ = 7 branch feature in the R(7/2) line. The measured dipole moments of CoO are compared to those from theoretical predictions and the trend across the 3d-metal monoxide series discussed.

PRINCIPLE OF SKEW QUADRUPOLE MODULATION TO MEASURE BETATRON COUPLING

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LUO, Y.; PILAT, F.; ROSER, T.

2004-01-01

The measurement of the residual betatron coupling via skew quadrupole modulation is a new diagnostics technique that has been developed and tested at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) as a very promising method for the linear decoupling on the ramp. By modulating the strengths of different skew quadrupole families the two eigentunes are precisely measured with the phase lock loop system. The projections of the residual coupling coefficient onto the skew quadrupole coupling modulation directions are determined. The residual linear coupling could be corrected according to the measurement. An analytical solution for skew quadrupole modulation based on Hamiltonian perturbation approximation is given, and simulation code using smooth accelerator model is also developed. Some issues concerning the practical applications of this technique are discussed

SKEW QUADRUPOLE FOCUSING LATTICES AND APPLICATIONS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parker, B.

2001-01-01

In this paper we revisit using skew quadrupole fields in place of traditional normal upright quadrupole fields to make beam focusing structures. We illustrate by example skew lattice decoupling, dispersion suppression and chromatic correction using the neutrino factory Study-II muon storage ring design. Ongoing BNL investigation of flat coil magnet structures that allow building a very compact muon storage ring arc and other flat coil configurations that might bring significant magnet cost reduction to a VLHC motivate our study of skew focusing

MEQALAC: (multiple electrostatic quadrupole linac): a new approach to low beta rf acceleration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mobley, R.M.; Brodowski, J.J.; Gammel, G.M.; Keane, J.T.; Maschka, A.W.; Sanders, R.T.

1980-01-01

MEQALAC is an acronym for a multiple-beam electrostatic-quadrupole array linear accelerator. The principle of operation is very simple. It makes use of the fact that electrostatic quadrupoles focus more effectively at low velocities than conventional magnetic quadrupoles. Moreover, the pole-tip field of an electrostatic quadrupole is limited by field emission of electrons, and is not a function of the size of the quadrupole. Conventional magnetic quadrupoles, on the other hand, require increasingly high current densities if one attempts to scale to smaller size

Beam-based alignment of C-shaped quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portmann, G.; Robin, D.

1998-06-01

Many storage rings have implemented a method of finding the positional offset between the electrical center of the beam position monitors (BPM) and the magnetic center of the adjacent quadrupole magnets. The algorithm for accomplishing this is usually based on modulating the current in the quadrupole magnet and finding the beam position that minimizes the orbit perturbation. When the quadrupole magnet is C-shaped, as it is for many light sources, the modulation method can produce an erroneous measurement of the magnetic center in the horizontal plane. When the current in a C-shaped quadrupole is changed, there is an additional dipole component in the vertical field. Due to nonlinearities in the hysteresis cycle of the C-magnet geometry, the beam-based alignment technique at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) deviated horizontally by .5 mm from the actual magnetic center. By modifying the technique, the offsets were measured to an accuracy of better than 50 microm

Nuclei quadrupole coupling constants in diatomic molecule

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, A.I.; Rebane, T.K.

1993-01-01

An approximate relationship between the constants of quadrupole interaction of nuclei in a two-atom molecule is found. It enabled to establish proportionality of oscillatory-rotation corrections to these constants for both nuclei in the molecule. Similar results were obtained for the factors of electrical dipole-quadrupole screening of nuclei. Applicability of these relationships is proven by the example of lithium deuteride molecule. 4 refs., 1 tab

Nuclear moments and charge radii of argon isotopes between the neutron-shell closures N=20 and N=28

CERN Document Server

Blaum, K; Lassen, J; Lievens, P; Marinova, K; Neugart, R

2008-01-01

We report the measurement of optical isotope shifts for $^{40-44}\\!$Ar relative to $^{38}$Ar from which changes in the mean square nuclear charge radii across the 1$\\scriptstyle{f}_{7/2}$ neutron shell are deduced. In addition, the hyperfine structure of $^{41\\!}$Ar and $^{43}$Ar yields the spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, in particular the spin $\\,\\scriptstyle\\textrm{I}$ = 5/2 for $\\,^{43}\\!$Ar. The investigations were carried out by fast-beam collinear laser spectroscopy using highly sensitive detection based on optical pumping and state-selective collisional ionization. Mean square charge radii are now known from $^{32}$Ar to $^{46}$Ar, covering sd-shell as well as $\\scriptstyle{f}_{7/2}$-shell nuclei. They are discussed in the framework of spherical SGII Skyrme-type Hartree-Fock calculations, semi-empirically corrected for quadrupole core polarization. The Zamick-Talmi formula excellently describes the charge radii across the $\\scriptstyle{f}_{7/2}$ neutron shell, as it does for the...

Variable-field permanent-magnet quadrupole for the SSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barlow, D.B.; Kraus, R.H. Jr.; Martinez, R.P.; Meyer, R.E.

1994-01-01

A set of compact variable-field permanent-magnet quadrupoles have been designed, fabricated, and tested for use in the SSC linac matching section. The quadrupoles have 24 mm-diameter apertures and 40 mm-long poles. The hybrid (permanent-magnet and iron) design, uses a fixed core of magnet material (NdFeB) and iron (C-1006) surrounded by a rotating ring of the same magnet material and iron. The quadrupole gradient-length product can be smoothly varied from a minimum of 0.7 T up to a maximum of 4.3 T by a 90 degree rotation of the outer ring of iron and magnet material

Variable-field permanent magnet quadrupole for the SSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barlow, D.B.; Kraus, R.H. Jr.; Martinez, R.P.; Meyer, R.E.

1993-01-01

A set of compact variable-field permanent-magnet quadrupoles have been designed, fabricated, and tested for use In the SSC linac matching section. The quadrupoles have 24 mm-diameter apertures and 40 mm-long poles. The hybrid (permanent-magnet and iron) design, uses a fixed core of magnet material (NdFeB) and iron (C-1006) surrounded by a rotating ring of the same magnet material and iron. The quadrupole gradient-length product can be smoothly varied from a minimum of 0.7 T up to a maximum, of 4.3 T by a 90 degrees rotation of the outer ring of iron and magnet material

Development of Superconducting Focusing Quadrupoles for Heavy Ion Drivers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martovetsky, N; Manahan, R; Lietzke, A F

2001-09-10

Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) is exploring a promising path to a practical inertial-confinement fusion reactor. The associated heavy ion driver will require a large number of focusing quadrupole magnets. A concept for a superconducting quadrupole array, using many simple racetrack coils, was developed at LLNL. Two, single-bore quadrupole prototypes of the same design, with distinctly different conductor, were designed, built, and tested. Both prototypes reached their short sample currents with little or no training. Magnet design, and test results, are presented and discussed.

ISR Superconducting Quadrupoles

CERN Multimedia

1977-01-01

Michel Bouvier is preparing for curing the 6-pole superconducting windings inbedded in the cylindrical wall separating liquid helium from vacuum in the quadrupole aperture. The heat for curing the epoxy glue was provided by a ramp of infrared lamps which can be seen above the slowly rotating cylinder. See also 7703512X, 7702690X.

Random errors in the magnetic field coefficients of superconducting quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herrera, J.; Hogue, R.; Prodell, A.; Thompson, P.; Wanderer, P.; Willen, E.

1987-01-01

The random multipole errors of superconducting quadrupoles are studied. For analyzing the multipoles which arise due to random variations in the size and locations of the current blocks, a model is outlined which gives the fractional field coefficients from the current distributions. With this approach, based on the symmetries of the quadrupole magnet, estimates are obtained of the random multipole errors for the arc quadrupoles envisioned for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and for a single-layer quadrupole proposed for the Superconducting Super Collider

Shell model calculation of the nuclear moments of 9Li in a 2hω space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Y.; Meder, M.R.

1984-01-01

A recent measurement of the magnitude of quadrupole moment of the ground state of 9 Li, Q( 9 Li), finds that Vertical BarQ( 9 Li)/Q( 7 Li)Vertical Bar = 0.88 +- 0.18. A variety of shell-model calculations, using p-shell wave functions, predict Q( 9 Li)approx. =1.3Q( 7 Li) and yield quadrupole moments whose magnitudes are approximately half the experimental values. Agreement between theory and experiment is improved when effective charges are used, although the results are still not completely satisfactory. A calculation of the wave functions of the low-lying states of 7 Li and 9 Li using a modified version of the Sussex matrix elements in a model space, including all 0hω and 2hω excitations, has been performed. The resulting value for Q( 9 Li) was -3.46 fm 2 as ray transitions in /sup 52,53/Cr and /sup 54,55/Mn have been observed using 7 Li( 51 V,xn yp zα γ) fusion-evaporation reactions and γ-particle coincidence techniques. The experiment involved the same reaction at the same center-of-mass energy as the earlier work of Poletti et al., but with target and projectile interchanged. In the present work, eight additional transitions have been identified as occurring in 52 Cr. This provides corroboration of results obtained more recently via 50 Ti(α,2nγ) 52 Cr reaction studies. A simple, efficient approach to the spectroscopy of weakly populated nuclear states which provides for unambiguous isotopic assignments is thus demonstrated

Tunable high-gradient permanent magnet quadrupoles

CERN Document Server

Shepherd, B J A; Marks, N; Collomb, N A; Stokes, D G; Modena, M; Struik, M; Bartalesi, A

2014-01-01

A novel type of highly tunable permanent magnet (PM) based quadrupole has been designed by the ZEPTO collaboration. A prototype of the design (ZEPTO-Q1), intended to match the specification for the CLIC Drive Beam Decelerator, was built and magnetically measured at Daresbury Laboratory and CERN. The prototype utilises two pairs of PMs which move in opposite directions along a single vertical axis to produce a quadrupole gradient variable between 15 and 60 T/m. The prototype meets CLIC's challenging specification in terms of the strength and tunability of the magnet.

Theoretical investigation of flute modes in a magnetic quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, H.S.

1988-01-01

This research developed theories and conducted numerical investigations of electrostatic flute modes in a plasma confined in a magnetic quadrupole. Chapter I presents the discussion of relevant background. Chapter II contains a brief discussion of the basic flute-mode operator L 0 for intermediate- and low-frequency regimes. Chapter III develops a simple theory for a flute mode with frequency between the electron and ion bounce frequencies in the uniform density and temperature regions of a magnetic quadrupole. The frequency is predicted to be inversely proportional to the wave number. Chapter IV describes the kinetic approach. Chapter V contains the derivation of an eigenvalue equation for electrostatic waves with frequencies below the ion frequency in the private flux region of a magnetic quadrupole. Chapter VI develops a theory for electrostatic waves with frequency below the ion bounce frequency in the shared flux region of a magnetic quadrupole. Chapter VII contains the derivation of a dispersion equation for flute modes with frequencies between the electron and ion bounce frequencies in a plasma confined to a magnetic quadrupole. Chapter VIII presents a summary of the research described

Electric quadrupole interaction in cubic BCC α-Fe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Błachowski, A.; Komędera, K.; Ruebenbauer, K.; Cios, G.; Żukrowski, J.; Górnicki, R.

2016-01-01

Mössbauer transmission spectra for the 14.41-keV resonant line in "5"7Fe have been collected at room temperature by using "5"7Co(Rh) commercial source and α-Fe strain-free single crystal as an absorber. The absorber was magnetized to saturation in the absorber plane perpendicular to the γ-ray beam axis applying small external magnetic field. Spectra were collected for various orientations of the magnetizing field, the latter lying close to the [110] crystal plane. A positive electric quadrupole coupling constant was found practically independent on the field orientation. One obtains the following value V_z_z = +1.61(4) × 10"1"9 Vm"−"2 for the (average) principal component of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor under assumption that the EFG tensor is axially symmetric and the principal axis is aligned with the magnetic hyperfine field acting on the "5"7Fe nucleus. The nuclear spectroscopic electric quadrupole moment for the first excited state of the "5"7Fe nucleus was adopted as +0.17 b. Similar measurement was performed at room temperature using as-rolled polycrystalline α-Fe foil of high purity in the zero external field. Corresponding value for the principal component of the EFG was found as V_z_z = +1.92(4) × 10"1"9 Vm"−"2. Hence, it seems that the origin of the EFG is primarily due to the local (atomic) electronic wave function distortion caused by the spin–orbit interaction between effective electronic spin S and incompletely quenched electronic angular momentum L. It seems as well that the lowest order term proportional to the product L·λ·S dominates, as no direction dependence of the EFG principal component is seen. The lowest order term is isotropic for a cubic symmetry as one has λ=λ 1 for cubic systems with the symbol 1 denoting unit operator and λ being the coupling parameter. - Highlights: • Precision of MS the same as MAPON • Real scans versus magnetization direction • A challenge for ab initio calculations

Collisional damping of giant monopole and quadrupole resonances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yildirim, S.; Gokalp, A.; Yilmaz, O.; Ayik, S.

2001-01-01

Collisional damping widths of giant monopole and quadrupole excitations for 120 Sn and 208 Pb at zero and finite temperatures are calculated within Thomas-Fermi approximation by employing the microscopic in-medium cross-sections of Li and Machleidt and the phenomenological Skyrme and Gogny forces, and are compared with each other. The results for the collisional widths of giant monopole and quadrupole vibrations at zero temperature as a function of the mass number show that the collisional damping of giant monopole vibrations accounts for about 30 - 40% of the observed widths at zero temperature, while for giant quadrupole vibrations it accounts for only 20 - 30% of the observed widths at zero temperature. (orig.)

Fifth-order aberrations in magnetic quadrupole-octupole systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ling, K.M.

1990-01-01

Explicit integral expressions are given for the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients in rectilinear magnetic quadrupole-octupole systems used for the transport of nonrelativistic charged particle beams. The numerical values of the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients for a rare earth cobalt (REC) quadrupole doublet are given as an example. 26 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs

Progress in the development of superconducting quadrupoles for heavy ion fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faltens, A.; Lietzke, A.; Sabbi, G.; Seidl, P.; Lund, S.; Manahan, B.; Martovetsky, N.; Gung, C.; Minervini, J.; Schultz, J.; Myatt, L.; Meinke, R.

2002-01-01

The Heavy Ion Fusion program is developing single aperture superconducting quadrupoles based on NbTi conductor, for use in the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Following the fabrication and testing of prototypes using two different approaches, a baseline design has been selected and further optimized. A prototype cryostat for a quadrupole doublet, with features to accommodate induction acceleration modules, is being fabricated. The single aperture magnet was derived from a conceptual design of a quadrupole array magnet for multi-beam transport. Progress on the development of superconducting quadrupole arrays for future experiments is also reported

Progress in the development of superconducting quadrupoles for heavy ion fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faltens, A.; Lietzke, A.; Sabbi, G.; Seidl, P.; Lund, S.; Manahan, B.; Martovetsky, N.; Gung, C.; Minervini, J.; Schultz, J.; Myatt, L.; Meinke, R.

2002-05-24

The Heavy Ion Fusion program is developing single aperture superconducting quadrupoles based on NbTi conductor, for use in the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Following the fabrication and testing of prototypes using two different approaches, a baseline design has been selected and further optimized. A prototype cryostat for a quadrupole doublet, with features to accommodate induction acceleration modules, is being fabricated. The single aperture magnet was derived from a conceptual design of a quadrupole array magnet for multi-beam transport. Progress on the development of superconducting quadrupole arrays for future experiments is also reported.

Progress in the Development of Superconducting Quadrupoles forHeavy-ion Fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faltens, A.; Lietzke, A.; Sabbi, G.; Seidl, P.; Lund, S.; Manahan, R.; Martovetsky, N.; Gung, C.; Minervini, J.; Schultz, J.; Myatt, L.; Meinke, R.

2002-08-19

The Heavy Ion Fusion program is developing single aperture superconducting quadrupoles based on NbTi conductor, for use in the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Following the fabrication and testing of prototypes using two different approaches, a baseline design has been selected and further optimized. A prototype cryostat for a quadrupole doublet, with features to accommodate induction acceleration modules, is being fabricated. The single aperture magnet was derived from a conceptual design of a quadrupole array magnet for multi-beam transport. Progress on the development of superconducting quadrupole arrays for future experiments is also reported.

ISR "Terwilliger" Quadrupole

CERN Multimedia

1983-01-01

There were 48 of these Quadrupoles in the ISR. They were distributed around the rings according to the so-called Terwilliger scheme. Their aperture was 184 mm, their core length 300 mm, their gradient 5 T/m. Due to their small length as compared to the aperture, the end fringe field errors had to be compensated by suitably shaping the poles.

Fe/sup 57/ polarimetry based on quadrupole interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonser, U; Sakai, H; Keune, W [Universitaet des Saarlandes, Saarbruecken (F.R. Germany). Fachbereich Angewandte Physik

1976-01-01

A quadrupole Fe/sup 57/ polarimeter consisting of single crystals of LiNbO/sub 3/:Co/sup 57/ as source (polarizer) and of FeCO/sub 3/ (siderite) as absorber (analyzer) is described. The quadrupole interactions of the two materials are nearly equal in magnitude but opposite in sign and in addition the asymmetry parameter eta equal approximately 0.

Quadrupole deformed and octupole collective bands in 228Ra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gulda, K.; Aas, A.J.

1998-01-01

Spins and parities for collective states in 228 Ra have been determined from conversion electron measurements with a mini-orange β spectrometer. The fast-timing βγγ(t) method has been used to measure lifetimes of T 1/2 =550(20) ps and 181(3) ps for the 2 + 1 and 4 + 1 members of the K=0 + band, and T 1/2 ≤7 ps and ≤6 ps for the 1 - 1 and 3 - 1 members of the K=0 - band, respectively. The quadrupole moments, Q 0 , deduced from the B(E2; 2 + 1 →0 + 1 ) and B(E2; 4 + 1 →2 + 1 ) rates are in good agreement with the previously measured value and the systematics of the region. However, the B(E1) rates of ≥4 x 10 -4 e 2 fm 2 , which represent the first B(E1) measurements for this nucleus, are at least 25 times larger than the value previously suggested for 228 Ra. The new results are consistent with the B(E1) rates recently measured for the neighbouring 227 Ra and reveal octupole correlations in 228 Ra. (orig.)

Semimicroscopic description of the giant quadrupole resonances in deformed nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurchev, G.; Malov, L.A.; Nesterenko, V.O.; Soloviev, V.G.

1976-01-01

The calculation results of the giant quadrupole isoscalar and isovector resonances performed within the random phase approximation are represented. The strength functions for E2-transitions are calculated for doubly even deformed nuclei in the regions 150 (<=) A < 190 and 228 (<=) A < 248 in the energy interval (0-40) MeV. The following integral characteristics of giant quadrupole resonances are obtained: the position, widths, the contribution to the energy weighted sum rule and the contribution to the total cross section of photoabsorption. The calculations have shown that giant quadrupole resonances are common for all the considered nuclei. The calculated characteristics of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance agree with the available experimental data. The calculations also show that the semimicroscopic theory can be successfully applied for the description of giant multipole resonances

Quadrupole magnets for IR-FEL at RRCAT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruwali, Kailash; Singh, Kushraj; Mishra, Anil Kumar; Biswas, Bhaskar

2013-01-01

The IR-FEL project at RRCAT needs quadrupole magnets for focusing 15 to 35 MeV electron beam through a dog-leg type beam line. This bend needs tighter relative tolerances on the central quadrupole triplet . The magnetic design, fabrication and magnetic characterization of five quadrupole magnets were carried out. The poles are detachable and wider than the coils. This significantly improves the good field region of the magnet. The magnet cross-section was optimized using 2D POISON code and entry-exit tapers were optimized using 3D code TOSCA.. The aperture radius of the magnet is 30 mm and the total core length is 180 mm. The integrated gradient of magnet is 0.51 T. The magnetic measurements were carried out using Danfysik make rotating coil bench model 690. Integrated gradient and multipoles present in the magnet aperture were measured at various excitation levels. The details of magnetic development and the magnetic measurements are discussed in this paper. (author)

Design of the LINAC4 Transfer Line Quadrupole Electromagnets

CERN Document Server

Vanherpe, L

2013-01-01

Beam focusing in the various segments of the Linac4 Transfer Line is provided by quadrupole electromagnets. In total seventeen pulsed, air-cooled quadrupole electromagnets are required. They are made of laminated electrical steel yokes and coils wound from solid copper wire. All magnets have an aperture radius of 50 mm and are required to provide an integrated field gradient of 1.8 T over a magnetic length of 300 mm. This design report summarizes the main magnetic, electrical and mechanical design parameters of the Linac4 Transfer Line Quadrupole Magnets. The effect of the vacuum chamber on the magnetic field quality and the field delay is studied.

Rf quadrupole beam dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stokes, R.H.; Crandall, K.R.; Stovall, J.E.; Swenson, D.A.

1979-01-01

A method has been developed to analyze the beam dynamics of the radiofrequency quadrupole accelerating structure. Calculations show that this structure can accept a dc beam at low velocity, bunch it with high capture efficiency, and accelerate it to a velocity suitable for injection into a drift tube linac

Collinear resonant ionization spectroscopy for neutron rich copper isotopes

CERN Multimedia

This proposal aims to study the spins, magnetic moments and quadrupole moments of copper isotopes A=76-78. The information obtained from this experiment will provide an independent and more precise measurement of the magnetic moment of $^{77}$Cu and values for the spins and magnetic moments of $^{76,78}$Cu as well as the quadrupole moments of $^{76-78}$Cu.

Superconducting Panofsky quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harwood, L.H.

1981-01-01

A design for a rectangular aperture quadrupole magnet without pole-tips was introduced by Hand and Panofsky in 1959. This design was quite radical but simple to construct. Few magnets of this design were ever built because of the large power needed. With the advent of superconducting coils there has been a renewed interest in them. The mathematical basis, field characteristics, and present and future construction of these magnets are described

Quadrupole photoionization of endohedral Xe-C60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Govil, Karan; Deshmukh, P C

2009-01-01

The effect of an endohedral confinement on the quadrupole photoionization of atomic Xe is studied using the relativistic random phase approximation (RRPA). The atom's confinement is modelled by placing atomic Xe at the centre of a C 60 cage represented by an annular potential around it. A new confinement resonance is reported in the 4p quadrupole cross-section along with 'correlation confinement resonances' in 4d, 5s and 5p photoionizations at about 185 eV. The effect of the confinement on the non-dipole photoelectron angular distribution parameter γ is also reported.

High and ulta-high gradient quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brunk, W.O.; Walz, D.R.

1985-05-01

Small bore conventional dc quadrupoles with apertures from 1 to 2.578cm were designed and prototypes built and measured. New fabrication techniques including the use of wire electric discharge milling (EDM) to economically generate the pole tip contours and aperture tolerances are described. Magnetic measurement data from a prototype of a 1cm aperture quadrupole with possible use in future e + /e - super colliders are presented. At a current of 400A, the lens achieved a gradient of 2.475 T/cm, and had an efficiency of 76.6%

Optimization of an electrostatic quadrupole doublet focusing systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hussein, Oday A., E-mail: oah@sc.nahrainuniv.edu.iq [Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad (Iraq); Sise, Omer [Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta (Turkey)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • The imaging properties of an electrostatic quadrupole doublet lens were analyzed with the aid of computer simulation. • The optimal electrode voltages which lead to stigmatic image in both planes of the quadrupole doublet lens with minimum spot size at position sensitive detector (PSD) were found for two operation modes: point-to-point focusing and parallel-to-point focusing. • The imaging properties of are very sensitive to the lunching angle of the electron-beam. - Abstract: The imaging properties of an electrostatic quadrupole doublet lens were analyzed with the aid of computer simulation. The optimal electrode voltages which lead to stigmatic image in both planes of the quadrupole doublet lens with minimum spot size at position sensitive detector (PSD) were found for two operation modes: point-to-point focusing and parallel-to-point focusing. The optical properties as: Magnifications, spot sizes in the image plane and aberration figures were discussed. The results showed that the focusing of the lens was strong in the xy-plane in comparison with the focusing in the xz-plane. The distortion of the image was greater when the image position will be close to the lens in comparison with object position. Also, the imaging properties were very sensitive to the lunching angle of the electron-beam.

Large permanent magnet quadrupoles for an electron storage ring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Herb, S.W.

1987-01-01

We have built large high quality permanent magnet quadrupoles for use as interaction region quadrupoles in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring where they must operate in the 10 kG axial field of the CLEO experimental detector. We describe the construction and the magnetic measurement and tuning procedures used to achieve the required field quality and stability. (orig.)

Design of the 70 mm twin aperture superconducting quadrupole for the LHC dump insertion

CERN Document Server

Kirby, G A; Taylor, T M; Trinquart, G

1996-01-01

The LHC dump insertion features a pair of superconducting quadrupoles located on either side of a 340 m long straight section. Two horizontally deflecting kickers, located in between the quadrupole pairs, and a septum in the centre of the insertion, vertically deflect the two counter-rotating beams past the quadrupoles on the downstream sides, and into the dump areas. Due to the layout, the optical ß function in the quadrupoles is around 640 m, the largest around the LHC at injection. The quadrupoles must therefore have enlarged aperture and specially designed cryostats to allow for the safe passage of both the circulating and ejected beams. In this paper we present the design of the twin aperture dump quadrupole based on the 70 mm four layer coil proposed for the LHC low-ß quadrupoles. In preparation for model construction, we report on improvements of the coil design and a study of the retaining structures.

CESAR, 2 MeV electron storage ring; construction period; quadrupole.

CERN Multimedia

Service Photo; CERN PhotoLab

1962-01-01

One of the 24 quadrupoles. They were made of massive (non-laminated) soft iron, which at the low field-strength (35 G on the pole-tips) presented problems. Later they were fitted with shims on all 4 poles, to correct the quadrupole and sextupole components.

Excitation of giant monopole and quadrupole resonances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ogata, H. [Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics; Yamagata, T.; Tanaka, M. [and others; Ikegami, H.; Muraoka, M. [eds.; Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics

1980-01-01

Recent studies on the giant monopole resonance (GMR) and the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) in /sup 144/Sm and /sup 208/Pb using the ..cap alpha..-scattering performed at RCNP are summarized. The observed angular range covered 1.6/sup 0/ -- 7/sup 0/ with a coupled system of a dipole and a triplet quadrupole magnet. The incident energy was changed from 84 to 119 MeV. The resonance shapes and energy-weighted sum-rule strengths of the GMR and the GQR were reliably deduced as a function of incident energy. The quadrupole strength of --20% was found in the GMR region. The observed excitation function of the GMR was compared with the DWBA calculation, in which the Satchler's Version I was used as a form factor representing the compressional motion of the nucleus. It was found that the experimental excitation function of the GMR shows steeper decrease as lowering the incident energy than the DWBA prediction whereas that of the GQR is successfully described by the DWBA. This suggests that examination of the model describing the GMR is necessary.

Permanent quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bush, E.D. Jr.

1976-01-01

A family of quadrupole magnets using a soft iron return yoke and circular cross-section permanent magnet poles were fabricated to investigate the feasibility for use in ion or electron beam focusing applications in accelerators and transport lines. Magnetic field measurements yielded promising results. In fixed-field applications, permanent magnets with sufficient gradients would be a low cost substitute for conventional electromagnets, eliminating the need for power supplies, associated wiring, and cooling. (author)

Nuclear quadrupole interactions in ferroelectric compounds of HF181

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kunzler, J.V.

1971-01-01

Measurements of nuclear quadrupole interaction constants in perovkite-type compounds of PbHfO 3 , SnhfO 3 , CaHfO 3 e SrHfO 3 have been performed using the perturbed angular correlation technique. A range of fundamental frequencies from 150 to 550 Megaradians persecond was determined. The variation of quadrupole constants has been discussed through the molecular orbital theory

Electric quadrupole interaction in cubic BCC α-Fe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Błachowski, A.; Komędera, K. [Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorążych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków (Poland); Ruebenbauer, K., E-mail: sfrueben@cyf-kr.edu.pl [Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorążych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków (Poland); Cios, G.; Żukrowski, J. [AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Kraków (Poland); Górnicki, R. [RENON, ul. Gliniana 15/15, PL-30-732 Kraków (Poland)

2016-07-15

Mössbauer transmission spectra for the 14.41-keV resonant line in {sup 57}Fe have been collected at room temperature by using {sup 57}Co(Rh) commercial source and α-Fe strain-free single crystal as an absorber. The absorber was magnetized to saturation in the absorber plane perpendicular to the γ-ray beam axis applying small external magnetic field. Spectra were collected for various orientations of the magnetizing field, the latter lying close to the [110] crystal plane. A positive electric quadrupole coupling constant was found practically independent on the field orientation. One obtains the following value V{sub zz} = +1.61(4) × 10{sup 19} Vm{sup −2} for the (average) principal component of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor under assumption that the EFG tensor is axially symmetric and the principal axis is aligned with the magnetic hyperfine field acting on the {sup 57}Fe nucleus. The nuclear spectroscopic electric quadrupole moment for the first excited state of the {sup 57}Fe nucleus was adopted as +0.17 b. Similar measurement was performed at room temperature using as-rolled polycrystalline α-Fe foil of high purity in the zero external field. Corresponding value for the principal component of the EFG was found as V{sub zz} = +1.92(4) × 10{sup 19} Vm{sup −2}. Hence, it seems that the origin of the EFG is primarily due to the local (atomic) electronic wave function distortion caused by the spin–orbit interaction between effective electronic spin S and incompletely quenched electronic angular momentum L. It seems as well that the lowest order term proportional to the product L·λ·S dominates, as no direction dependence of the EFG principal component is seen. The lowest order term is isotropic for a cubic symmetry as one has λ=λ 1 for cubic systems with the symbol 1 denoting unit operator and λ being the coupling parameter. - Highlights: • Precision of MS the same as MAPON • Real scans versus magnetization direction • A challenge

Comparison of conventional and novel quadrupole drift tube magnets inspired by Klaus Halbach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feinberg, B. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)

1995-02-01

Quadrupole drift tube magnets for a heavy-ion linac provide a demanding application of magnet technology. A comparison is made of three different solutions to the problem of providing an adjustable high-field-strength quadrupole magnet in a small volume. A conventional tape-wound electromagnet quadrupole magnet (conventional) is compared with an adjustable permanent-magnet/iron quadrupole magnet (hybrid) and a laced permanent-magnet/iron/electromagnet (laced). Data is presented from magnets constructed for the SuperHILAC heavy-ion linear accelerator, and conclusions are drawn for various applications.

Dynamical quadrupole structure factor of frustrated ferromagnetic chain

Science.gov (United States)

Onishi, Hiroaki

2018-05-01

We investigate the dynamical quadrupole structure factor of a spin-1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg chain with competing ferromagnetic J1 and antiferromagnetic J2 in a magnetic field by exploiting density-matrix renormalization group techniques. In a field-induced spin nematic regime, we observe gapless excitations at q = π according to quasi-long-range antiferro-quadrupole correlations. The gapless excitation mode has a quadratic form at the saturation, while it changes into a linear dispersion as the magnetization decreases.

Computation of a quadrupole magnet for the APS storage ring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Turner, L.R.; Kim, S.H.; Thompson, K.M.

1990-01-01

The storage ring of the Advanced Photon Source will include 400 quadrupole magnets for focusing the beam. A prototype quadrupole has been designed, constructed, and measured. This paper describes the two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) field computations performed for this design. 2 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Quadrupolar order, hidden octupolar order and tiny magnetic moment in URu2Si2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuruta, Atsushi; Matsuura, Tamifusa; Kuroda, Yoshihiro

2000-01-01

Possible orders in URu 2 Si 2 are investigated using a two-channel degenerate Anderson model. The ground state of uranium ions is the non-Kramers quadrupolar doublet Γ 5 with (5f) 2 , and its relevant excited state is the Kramers dipolar doublet Γ 7 with (5f) 1 . These states mix with each other via conduction electrons. At low temperatures, the system forms renormalized bands with both quadrupole and dipole degrees of freedom due to the quadrupolar Kondo effect which slightly mixes quadrupolar Γ 5 , a primary state of uranium ions, with dipolar Γ 7 . At a certain low temperature, conduction electrons in the renormalized bands undergo quadrupolar ordering with a large quadrupolar moment. At a further lower temperature, octupolar ordering occurs, accompanied by a tiny dipolar moment which is attributed to the property of the renormalized bands with primarily the Γ 5 -character slightly mixed with the Γ 7 -character. These phenomena are well described by the 1/N-expansion method with pseudo-fermions for the non-Kramers doublet Γ 5 and slave bosons for the Kramers doublet Γ 7 . (author)

Development of LHC-IR model quadrupoles in the US

CERN Document Server

Sabbi, G

2007-01-01

Insertion quadrupoles with large aperture and high gradient are required to achieve the luminosity upgrade goal of 1035 cm-2 s-1 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2004, the US Department of Energy established the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) to develop a technology base for the upgrade. The focus of the magnet program, which is a collaboration of three US laboratories, BNL, FNAL and LBNL, is on development of high gradient quadrupoles using Nb$_{3}$Sn in order to operate at high field and with sufficient temperature margin. Other program components address issues regarding magnet design, radiation-hard materials, long magnet scale-up, quench protection, fabrication techniques and conductor and cable R&D. This paper reports on the development od model quadrupoles and outlines the long-term goals of the program.

Ab-initio study of pure sup 7 sup 7 Se and sup 1 sup 2 sup 5 Te systems and of the sup 7 sup 7 Se nuclear quadrupole interaction in tellurium

CERN Document Server

Oh, Y K; Cho, H S

1999-01-01

Using the Hartree-Fock cluster procedure, we have studied the electric-field gradient tensors at the nuclear sites of sup 7 sup 7 Se and sup 1 sup 2 sup 5 Te in pure sup 1 sup 2 sup 5 Te systems and in tellurium crystalline system's with a sup 7 sup 7 Se impurity. From the results for the pure systems, sup 7 sup 7 Se in selenium and sup 1 sup 2 sup 5 Te in tellurium, using the observed quadrupole moments: Q( sup 7 sup 7 Se) 0.75 +- 0.07 barns and Q( sup 1 sup 2 sup 5 Te) = 0.35 +- 0.04 barns. Comparison is made with earlier values obtained by different methods. Using our calculated values of Q and the results of a study of the field-gradient tensors for sup 7 sup 7 Se in tellurium, the theoretical values of the quadrupole coupling constants are found to agree, within about 7 percent, with experiment. The calculated asymmetry parameters are also found to be in reasonable agreement with the experiment values, although the agreement not as close as in the case of the quadrupole -coupling constants. Directions fo...

Hyperfine interactions and electric dipole moments in the [16.0]1.5(v = 6), [16.0]3.5(v = 7), and X2Δ(5/2) states of iridium monosilicide, IrSi.

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Anh; Steimle, Timothy C; Morse, Michael D; Garcia, Maria A; Cheng, Lan; Stanton, John F

2013-12-19

The (6,0)[16.0]1.5-X(2)Δ(5/2) and (7,0)[16.0]3.5-X(2)Δ(5/2) bands of IrSi have been recorded using high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The field-free spectra of the (191)IrSi and (193)IrSi isotopologues were modeled to generate a set of fine, magnetic hyperfine, and nuclear quadrupole hyperfine parameters for the X(2)Δ(5/2)(v = 0), [16.0]1.5(v = 6), and [16.0]3.5 (v = 7) states. The observed optical Stark shifts for the (193)IrSi and (191)IrSi isotopologues were analyzed to produce the permanent electric dipole moments, μ(el), of -0.414(6) D and 0.782(6) D for the X(2)Δ(5/2) and [16.0]1.5 (v = 6) states, respectively. Properties of the X(2)Δ(5/2) state computed using relativistic coupled-cluster methods clearly indicate that electron correlation plays an essential role. Specifically, inclusion of correlation changes the sign of the dipole moment and is essential for achieving good accuracy for the nuclear quadrupole coupling parameter eQq0.

Calculation of the quadrupole-lense fringing field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arzumanov, A.A.

1978-01-01

With the aim of decreasing the scattering field effect at electrode edge or quadrupole lens poles with conformal transformations the scattering fields of electric quadrupole lens, two-electrode lens with the electrodes in a hyperbola form, as well as magnetic lens with hyperbolic poles are calculated. For the two-electrode system with kappa=0.1 (kappa - is coefficient, characterizing the rate of field intensity change in the lens) field distortion equals 1.8%. The comparison of experimental data with the calculation data has shown that with a rather high accuracy the scattering field effect in electric and magnetic lenses with hyperbolic poles may be taken into account

Electrostatic quadrupole focused particle accelerating assembly with laminar flow beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maschke, A. W.

1985-01-01

A charged particle accelerating assembly provided with a predetermined ratio of parametric structural characteristics and with related operating voltages applied to each of its linearly spaced focusing and accelerating quadrupoles, thereby to maintain a particle beam traversing the electrostatic fields of the quadrupoles in the assembly in an essentially laminar flow throughout the assembly

Stability of the coherent quadrupole oscillations excited by the beam-beam interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamiya, Y.; Chao, A.W.

1983-10-01

We study the coherent quadrupole motion in the presence of beam-beam interaction, using a linear approximation to the beam-beam force. The corresponding beam-beam limit is determined by evaluating the eigenvalues of a system of linear equations describing the coherent quadrupole motion. We find that the stability of the quadrupole motions imposes severe limits on the beam current, as is the case for the dipole instability. Preliminary results of this study have appeared elsewhere

On quantum quadrupole radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonda, L.; Mankoc-Borstnik, N.

1981-02-01

In this paper it is shown that for the electromagnetic decay of a quantum system in a coherent rotational state the total quadrupole radiation is proportional to (d 5 Q/dt 5 )(dQ/dt)sup(*)+c.c. For the radiation flux out of a sphere of large radius a different quantity, closer to the classical expression (d 3 Q/dt 3 ) 2 , is found. (author)

Assembling Transgender Moments

Science.gov (United States)

Greteman, Adam J.

2017-01-01

In this article, the author seeks to assemble moments--scholarly, popular, and aesthetic--in order to explore the possibilities that emerge as moments collect in education's encounters with the needs, struggles, and possibilities of transgender lives and practices. Assembling moments, the author argues, illustrates the value of "moments"…

Testing the Binary Black Hole Nature of a Compact Binary Coalescence.

Science.gov (United States)

Krishnendu, N V; Arun, K G; Mishra, Chandra Kant

2017-09-01

We propose a novel method to test the binary black hole nature of compact binaries detectable by gravitational wave (GW) interferometers and, hence, constrain the parameter space of other exotic compact objects. The spirit of the test lies in the "no-hair" conjecture for black holes where all properties of a Kerr black hole are characterized by its mass and spin. The method relies on observationally measuring the quadrupole moments of the compact binary constituents induced due to their spins. If the compact object is a Kerr black hole (BH), its quadrupole moment is expressible solely in terms of its mass and spin. Otherwise, the quadrupole moment can depend on additional parameters (such as the equation of state of the object). The higher order spin effects in phase and amplitude of a gravitational waveform, which explicitly contains the spin-induced quadrupole moments of compact objects, hence, uniquely encode the nature of the compact binary. Thus, we argue that an independent measurement of the spin-induced quadrupole moment of the compact binaries from GW observations can provide a unique way to distinguish binary BH systems from binaries consisting of exotic compact objects.

Analysis of magnetic nanoparticles using quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carpino, Francesca; Moore, Lee R.; Zborowski, Maciej; Chalmers, Jeffrey J.; Williams, P. Stephen

2005-01-01

The new technique of quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation is described. It is a separation and characterization technique for particulate magnetic materials. Components of a sample are eluted from the separation channel at times dependent on the strength of their interaction with the magnetic field. A quadrupole electromagnet allows a programmed reduction of field strength during analysis of polydisperse samples

Waferscale Electrostatic Quadrupole Array for Multiple Ion Beam Manipulation

OpenAIRE

Vinayakumar, K. B.; Persaud, A.; Seidl, P. A.; Ji, Q.; Waldron, W. L.; Schenkel, T.; Ardanuc, S.; Lal, A.

2018-01-01

We report on the first through-wafer silicon-based Electrostatic Quadrupole Array (ESQA) to focus high energy ion beams. This device is a key enabler for a wafer based accelerator architecture that lends itself to orders-of-magnitude reduction in cost, volume and weight of charged particle accelerators. ESQs are a key building block in developing compact Multiple Electrostatic Quadrupole Array Linear Accelerator (MEQALAC) [1]. In a MEQALAC electrostatic forces are used to focus ions, and elec...

Mechanical Design of a Second Generation LHC IR Quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caspi, S.; Bartlett, S.E.; Dietderich, D.R.; Ferracin, P.; Gourlay, S.A.; Hafalia, R.R.; Hannaford, C.R.; Lietzke, A.F.; McInturff, A.D.; Sabbi, G.; Scanlan, R.M.

2003-01-01

One of the proposed options to increase the LHC luminosity is the replacement of the existing inner triplets at the Interaction Regions with new low-beta larger aperture quadrupoles operating at the same gradient. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is carrying out preliminary studies of a large-bore Nb 3 Sn quadrupole. The mechanical design presents a support structure based on the use of keys and bladders without self-supporting collars. This technology has been proven effective in several successful common coil Nb 3 Sn dipoles built at LBNL, and it is for the first time applied to a cos(2(var t heta)) design. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the quadrupole mechanical behavior, demonstrating the possibility of delivering, through this method, well-controlled coil precompression during assembly, cool-down and excitation. The study has been performed with the finite element program ANSYS

Study on pulsed-operation of the drift tube quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mutou, M.

1982-01-01

The heavy ion linac for NUMATRON project is designed not only as a injector for a synchrotron but also as a supplier of heavy ion beams for experiments with linac beam. In one repetition cycle of the synchrotron (1sec), the linac injects nearly 25 beam pulses with pulse width of 300 μsec and pulse interval of 30 msec. And the ion species can be varied every repetition. On the other hand, when it is off duty of injection to the synchrotron, the linac accelerates the beams that are directly used for the experiments. Also in this case, the ion species should be varied according to the requests of the experiments, for instance every 1 sec. Therefore, the quadrupole magnets installed in the drift tubes of the linac must be excited with pulse mode. The power supply of the quadrupole magnets will consists of two parts, namely pulse-excitation and dc-excitation power sources. The report describes the posibilities on the pulse-operation of the quadrupole magnets with the field gradient of asymptotically equals 10 KG/cm, and the analysis of the power supply of the quadrupole magnets. (author)

The Analysis of Quadrupole Magnetic Focusing Effect by Finite Element Method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Utaja

2003-01-01

Quadrupole magnets will introduce focusing effect to a beam of the charge particle passing parallel to the magnet faces. The focusing effect is need to control the particle beam, so that it is in accordance with necessity requirement stated. This paper describes the analysis of focusing effect on the quadrupole magnetic by the finite element method. The finite element method in this paper is used for solve the potential distribution of magnetic field. If the potential magnetic field distribution in every node have known, a charge particle trajectory can be traced. This charge particle trajectory will secure the focusing effect of the quadrupole magnets. (author)

Relaxation of quadrupole orientation in an optically pumped alkali vapour

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernabeu, E; Tornos, J

1985-04-01

The relaxation of quadrupole orientation (alignment) in an optically pumped alkali vapour is theoretically studied by taking into account the relaxation processes by alkali-buffer gas, alkali-alkali with spin exchange and alkali-cell wall (diffusion process) collisions. The relaxation transients of the quadrupole orientation are obtained by introducing a first-order weak-pumping approximation (intermediate pumping) less restrictive than the usually considered (zeroth order) one.

Nuclear quadrupole interactions in ferroelectric compounds of HF/sup 181/

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunzler, J V

1971-01-01

Measurements of nuclear quadrupole interaction constants in perovkite-type compounds of PbHfO/sub 3/, SnhfO/sub 3/, CaHfO/sub 3/ e SrHfO/sub 3/ have been performed using the perturbed angular correlation technique. A range of fundamental frequencies from 150 to 550 Megaradians per second was determined. The variation of quadrupole constants has been discussed through the molecular orbital theory.

Superconducting Quadrupole for the ISR High Luminosity insertion:end view

CERN Multimedia

1977-01-01

Connection end view of the prototype quadrupole before insertion of the inner vacuum chamber with inbedded 6-pole windings. The main components of the structure can be seen: (from inside outwards) the superconducting quadrupole coils surrounded by glass epoxy bandage rings and stainless steel spacers, the low-carbon steel yoke quadrants and the aluminium alloy shrinking rings. See also photos 7702690X, 7702307, 7702308, 7812604X.

Compact high-field superconducting quadrupole magnet with holmium poles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barlow, D.B.; Kraus, R.H. Jr.; Lobb, C.T.; Menzel, M.T. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Walstrom, P.L. (Grumman Space Systems, Los Alamos, NM (United States))

1992-03-15

A compact high-field superconducting quadrupole magnet was designed and built with poles made of the rare-earth metal holmium. The magnet is intended for use in superconducting coupled-cavity linear accelerators where compact high-field quadrupoles are needed, but where the use of permanent magnets is ruled out because of trapped-flux losses. The magnet has a clear bore diameter of 1.8 cm, outside diameter of 11 cm, length of 11 cm, and pole tip length of 6 cm. The effect of using holmium, a material with a higher saturation field than iron, was investigated by replacing poles made of iron with identical poles made of holmium. The magnet was operated at a temperature of 4.2 K and reached a peak quadrupole field gradient of 355 T/m, a 10% increase over the same magnet with iron poles. This increase in performance is consistent with calculations based on B-H curves that were measured for holmium at 4.2 K. (orig.).

Microscopic properties of superdeformed nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlsson, Lennart B

1999-04-01

Many high spin rotational bands in superdeformed nuclei have been found in the A 140 - 150 region, but so far no linking transitions to known normal-deformed states have been found in these nuclei. Therefore, configuration and spin assignments have to be based on indirect spectroscopic information. Identical bands were first discovered in this region of superdeformed states. At present, some identical bands have also been found at normal deformation, but such bands are more common at superdeformation. Recently lifetime measurements have given relative quadrupole moments with high accuracy. Spectroscopic quantities are calculated using the configuration constrained cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model with the modified oscillator potential. In a statistical study the occurrence of identical bands is tested. Comparing superdeformed and normal deformed nuclei, the higher possibility for identical bands at superdeformation is understood from calculated reduced widths of the E{sub {gamma}} and J{sup (2)} distributions. The importance of high-N orbitals for identical bands is also discussed. Additivity of electric quadrupole moment contributions in the superdeformed A - 150 region is discussed with the nucleus {sup 152}Dy as a `core`. In analytic harmonic oscillator calculations, the effective electric quadrupole moment q{sub eff}, i.e. the change in the total quadrupole moment caused by the added particle, is expressed as a simple function of the single-particle mass, quadrupole moment q{sub {nu}}. Also in realistic calculations, simple relations between q{sub eff} and q{sub {nu}} can be used to estimate the total electric quadrupole moment, e.g. for the nucleus {sup 142}Sm, by adding the effect of 10 holes, to the total electric quadrupole moment of {sup 152}Dy. Furthermore, tools are given for estimating the quadrupole moment for possible configurations in the superdeformed A - 150 region. For the superdeformed region around {sup 143}Eu, configuration and spin assignments

Construction and Qualification of the Pre-Series MQM Superconducting Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions

CERN Document Server

Ostojic, R; Lucas, J; Venturini-Delsolaro, W; Landgrebe, D

2004-01-01

The LHC insertions will be equipped with individually powered MQM superconducting quadrupoles, produced in three versions with magnetic lengths of 2.4 m, 3.4 m, and 4.8 m. The quadrupoles feature a 56 mm aperture coil, designed on the basis of an 8.8 mm wide Rutherford-type NbTi cable for a nominal gradient of 200 T/m at 1.9 K and 5390 A. A total of 96 quadrupoles are in production in Tesla Engineering, UK. In this report we describe the construction of the pre-series MQM quadrupoles and present the results of the qualification tests.

AA, wide quadrupole on measurement stand

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1981-01-01

Please look up 8101024 and 8103203 first. Wide quadrupole (QFW, QDW) with end-shims and shimming washers on the measurement stand. With the measurement coil one measured the harmonics of the magnetic field, determined the magnetic centre, and catalogued the effect of washer constellations.

Design, simulation and construction of quadrupole magnets for focusing electron beam in powerful industrial electron accelerator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S KH Mousavi

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In this paper the design and simulation of quadrupole magnets and electron beam optical of that by CST Studio code has been studied. Based on simulation result the magnetic quadrupole has been done for using in beam line of first Iranian powerful electron accelerator. For making the suitable magnetic field the effects of material and core geometry and coils current variation on quadrupole magnetic field have been studied. For test of quadrupole magnet the 10 MeV beam energy and 0.5 pi mm mrad emittance of input beam has been considered. We see the electron beam through the quadrupole magnet focus in one side and defocus in other side. The optimum of distance between two quadrupole magnets for low emittance have been achieved. The simulation results have good agreement with experimental results

The effect of quadrupole force to the spectra of nuclei in the f7/2 shell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Qingying

1992-01-01

The effect of quadrupole force on the spectra of nuclei in the f 7/2 shell is tested. The nuclear spectra are calculated by using the surface delta interaction plus quadrupole interaction and the modified surface delta interaction respectively. The results calculated with the former are much better than those with the latter, the role of the isospin modified term in the modified surface delta interaction can be substituted by the quadrupole interaction term. It is also shown that the effect of quadrupole interaction in the f 7/2 shell is important although the quadrupole deformations of nuclei in this region are not large

Nuclear quadrupole relaxation and viscosity in liquid metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schirmacher, W.

1976-01-01

It is shown that the nuclear quadrupole relaxation rate due to the molecular motions in liquid metals is related to the shear and bulk viscosity and hence to the absorption coefficient of ultrasound. Application of the 'extended liquid phonon' model of Ortoleva and Nelkin - which is the third of a series of continued-fraction-approximations for the van Hove neutron scattering function - gives a relation to the self diffusion constant. The predictions of the theory concerning the temperature dependence are compared with quadrupole relaxation measurements of Riegel et al. and Kerlin et al. in liquid gallium. Agreement is found only with the data of Riegel et al. (orig.) [de

Low-frequency quadrupole impedance of undulators and wigglers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Blednykh

2016-10-01

Full Text Available An analytical expression of the low-frequency quadrupole impedance for undulators and wigglers is derived and benchmarked against beam-based impedance measurements done at the 3 GeV NSLS-II storage ring. The adopted theoretical model, valid for an arbitrary number of electromagnetic layers with parallel geometry, allows to calculate the quadrupole impedance for arbitrary values of the magnetic permeability μ_{r}. In the comparison of the analytical results with the measurements for variable magnet gaps, two limit cases of the permeability have been studied: the case of perfect magnets (μ_{r}→∞, and the case in which the magnets are fully saturated (μ_{r}=1.

Ellipsoidal universe can solve the cosmic microwave background quadrupole problem.

Science.gov (United States)

Campanelli, L; Cea, P; Tedesco, L

2006-09-29

The recent 3 yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data have confirmed the anomaly concerning the low quadrupole amplitude compared to the best-fit Lambda-cold dark matter prediction. We show that by allowing the large-scale spatial geometry of our universe to be plane symmetric with eccentricity at decoupling or order 10(-2), the quadrupole amplitude can be drastically reduced without affecting higher multipoles of the angular power spectrum of the temperature anisotropy.

Multipolar moments of weak lensing signal around clusters. Weighing filaments in harmonic space

Science.gov (United States)

Gouin, C.; Gavazzi, R.; Codis, S.; Pichon, C.; Peirani, S.; Dubois, Y.

2017-09-01

Context. Upcoming weak lensing surveys such as Euclid will provide an unprecedented opportunity to quantify the geometry and topology of the cosmic web, in particular in the vicinity of lensing clusters. Aims: Understanding the connectivity of the cosmic web with unbiased mass tracers, such as weak lensing, is of prime importance to probe the underlying cosmology, seek dynamical signatures of dark matter, and quantify environmental effects on galaxy formation. Methods: Mock catalogues of galaxy clusters are extracted from the N-body PLUS simulation. For each cluster, the aperture multipolar moments of the convergence are calculated in two annuli (inside and outside the virial radius). By stacking their modulus, a statistical estimator is built to characterise the angular mass distribution around clusters. The moments are compared to predictions from perturbation theory and spherical collapse. Results: The main weakly chromatic excess of multipolar power on large scales is understood as arising from the contraction of the primordial cosmic web driven by the growing potential well of the cluster. Besides this boost, the quadrupole prevails in the cluster (ellipsoidal) core, while at the outskirts, harmonic distortions are spread on small angular modes, and trace the non-linear sharpening of the filamentary structures. Predictions for the signal amplitude as a function of the cluster-centric distance, mass, and redshift are presented. The prospects of measuring this signal are estimated for current and future lensing data sets. Conclusions: The Euclid mission should provide all the necessary information for studying the cosmic evolution of the connectivity of the cosmic web around lensing clusters using multipolar moments and probing unique signatures of, for example, baryons and warm dark matter.

Trunk muscle cocontraction: the effects of moment direction and moment magnitude.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavender, S A; Tsuang, Y H; Andersson, G B; Hafezi, A; Shin, C C

1992-09-01

This study investigated the cocontraction of eight trunk muscles during the application of asymmetric loads to the torso. External moments of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Nm were applied to the torso via a harness system. The direction of the applied moment was varied by 30 degrees increments to the subjects' right side between the sagittally symmetric orientations front and rear. Electromyographic (EMG) data from the left and right latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominus were collected from 10 subjects. The normalized EMG data were tested using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance procedures. These analyses showed significant interactions between the moment magnitude and the moment direction for seven of the eight muscles. Most of the interactions could be characterized as due to changes in muscle recruitment with changes in the direction of the external moment. Analysis of the relative activation levels, which were computed for each combination of moment magnitude and direction, indicated large changes in muscle recruitment due to asymmetry, but only small adjustments in the relative activation levels due to increased moment magnitude.

Quadrupole collective excitations in rapidly rotating nuclej

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mikhajlov, I.N.

1983-01-01

The spectrum of collective quadrupole excitations in nuclei is investigated. The average nucleus field has the axial symmetry and rotation occurs relatively to this axis. Dependences of the spectrum of quadrupole oscillations on rotation rate for classic liquid drop (CLD) and for a drop of fermi-liquid (DFL) with fissionability parameter X=0.62 ( 154 Er) are presented. The dependence of probabilities of E2-transitions between single-phonon and phonon-free states on rotation rate for CLD and DFL with fussionability parameter X=0.62 ( 154 Er) is also presented. It is shown that for CLD collective E2-transition of states of yrast-consequence is absolutely forbidden. For DFL transitions are possible that lead to decay of phonon-free state with the excitation of phonons of γ-modes and decrease of angular momentum

Design of the CLIC Quadrupole Vacuum Chambers

CERN Document Server

Garion, C

2010-01-01

The Compact Linear Collider, under study, requires vacuum chambers with a very small aperture, of the order of 8 mm in diameter, and with a length up to around 2 m for the main beam quadrupoles. To keep the very tight geometrical tolerances on the quadrupoles, no bake out is allowed. The main issue is to reach UHV conditions (typically 10-9 mbar static pressure) in a system where the vacuum performance is driven by water outgassing. For this application, a thinwalled stainless steel vacuum chamber with two ante chambers equipped with NEG strips, is proposed. The mechanical design, especially the stability analysis, is shown. The key technologies of the prototype fabrication are given. Vacuum tests are carried out on the prototypes. The test set-up as well as the pumping system conditions are presented.

Magnetic field in the end region of the SSC quadrupole magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caspi, S.; Helm, M.; Laslett, L.J.

1991-06-01

Recent advances in methods of computing magnetic fields have made it possible to study the field in the end region of the SS quadrupole magnet in detail. The placement of conductor in the straight section, away from the ends, was designed to produce a practically pure quadrupole field in the two-dimensional sense. The ends of the coils were designed to produce a practically pure quadrupole field in the integral sense using a method that ignores the presence of the iron yoke. Subsequently, the effect of presence of the yoke on the field was analyzed. The paper presents the end configuration together with the computed integrated multipole components, local multipole components, and local field components. A comparison with measurements is included. 5 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab

Magnetic field measurements of LHC inner triplet quadrupoles fabricated at Fermilab

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velev, G.V.; Bossert, R.; Carcagno, R.; DiMarco, J.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Kerby, J.; Lamm, M.; Orris, D.; Schlabach, P.; Strait, J.

2006-01-01

Fermilab, as part of the US-LHC Accelerator Project, is producing superconducting low-beta quadrupole magnets for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These 5.5 m long magnets are designed to operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a nominal gradient of 205 T/m in the 70 mm bore. Two quadrupoles separated by a dipole orbit corrector in a single cryogenic assembly comprise the Q2 optical elements of the final focus triplets in the LHC interaction regions. The field quality of the quadrupoles is measured at room temperature during construction of the cold masses as well as during cold testing of the cryogenic assembly. We summarize data from the series measurements of the magnets and discuss various topics of interest

Magnetic field measurements of LHC inner triplet quadrupoles fabricated at Fermilab

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velev, G.V.; Bossert, R.; Carcagno, R.; DiMarco, J.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Kerby, J.; Lamm, M.; Orris, D.; Schlabach, P.; Strait, J.; /Fermilab

2006-08-01

Fermilab, as part of the US-LHC Accelerator Project, is producing superconducting low-beta quadrupole magnets for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These 5.5 m long magnets are designed to operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a nominal gradient of 205 T/m in the 70 mm bore. Two quadrupoles separated by a dipole orbit corrector in a single cryogenic assembly comprise the Q2 optical elements of the final focus triplets in the LHC interaction regions. The field quality of the quadrupoles is measured at room temperature during construction of the cold masses as well as during cold testing of the cryogenic assembly. We summarize data from the series measurements of the magnets and discuss various topics of interest.

Trapping of Electron Cloud LLC/Cesrta Quadrupole and Sextupole Magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, L.

2011-01-01

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has been reconfigured as an ultra low emittance damping ring for use as a test accelerator (CesrTA) for International Linear Collider (ILC) damping ring R and D (1). One of the primary goals of the CesrTA program is to investigate the interaction of the electron cloud with low emittance positron beam to explore methods to suppress the electron cloud, develop suitable advanced instrumentation required for these experimental studies and benchmark predictions by simulation codes. This paper reports the simulation of the electron-cloud formation in CESRTA and ILC quadrupole and sextupole magnets using the 3D code CLOUDLAND. We found that electrons can be trapped with a long lifetime in a quadrupole and sextupole magnet due to the mirror field trapping mechanism. We study the effects of magnet strength, bunch current, ante-chamber effect, bunch spacing effect and secondary emission yield (SEY) in great detail. The development of an electron cloud in magnets is the main concern where a weak solenoid field is not effective. Quadrupole and sextupole magnets have mirror field configurations which may trap electrons by the mirror field trapping mechanism (2). Fig.1 shows the orbit of a trapped electron in a quadrupole magnet. The electron makes gyration motion (called transverse motion) and also moves along the field line (called longitudinal motion). At the mirror point (middle of the field line), there is a maximum longitudinal energy and minimum transverse energy. When the electron moves away from the mirror point, its longitudinal energy reduces and the transverse energy increases as the magnetic field increases. If the magnetic field is strong enough, the longitudinal energy becomes zero at one point and then the electron is turned back by the strong field. Note that the electrons are trapped in the region near the middle of the field lines. Although all quadrupole and sextupole magnets can trap electrons in principle, the

Triple Quadrupole Versus High Resolution Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Human Serum

Science.gov (United States)

Geib, Timon; Sleno, Lekha; Hall, Rabea A.; Stokes, Caroline S.; Volmer, Dietrich A.

2016-08-01

We describe a systematic comparison of high and low resolution LC-MS/MS assays for quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum. Identical sample preparation, chromatography separations, electrospray ionization sources, precursor ion selection, and ion activation were used; the two assays differed only in the implemented final mass analyzer stage; viz. high resolution quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqTOF) versus low resolution triple quadrupole instruments. The results were assessed against measured concentration levels from a routine clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay. Isobaric interferences prevented the simple use of TOF-MS spectra for extraction of accurate masses and necessitated the application of collision-induced dissociation on the QqTOF platform. The two mass spectrometry assays provided very similar analytical figures of merit, reflecting the lack of relevant isobaric interferences in the MS/MS domain, and were successfully applied to determine the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for patients with chronic liver disease.

Energies and transition probabilities from the full solution of nuclear quadrupole-octupole model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strecker, M.; Lenske, H.; Minkov, N.

2013-01-01

A collective model of nuclear quadrupole-octupole vibrations and rotations, originally restricted to a coherent interplay between quadrupole and octupole modes, is now developed for application beyond this restriction. The eigenvalue problem is solved by diagonalizing the unrestricted Hamiltonian in the basis of the analytic solution obtained in the case of the coherent-mode assumption. Within this scheme the yrast alternating-parity band is constructed by the lowest eigenvalues having the appropriate parity at given angular momentum. Additionally we include the calculation of transition probabilities which are fitted with the energies simultaneously. As a result we obtain a unique set of parameters. The obtained model parameters unambiguously determine the shape of the quadrupole-octupole potential. From the resulting wave functions quadrupole deformation expectation values are calculated which are found to be in agreement with experimental values. (author)

Isotopic dependence of the giant quadrupole resonance in the stable even-mass molybdenum nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moalem, A.; Gaillard, Y.; Bemolle, A.M.; Buenerd, M.; Chauvin, J.; Duhamel, G.; Lebrun, D.; Martin, P.; Perrin, G.; de Saintignon, P.

1979-01-01

Inelastic scattering of 110 MeV 3 He particles is used to probe the quadrupole strength in the even Mo isotopes. The peak position of the giant quadrupole resonance is found to decrease more rapidly than predicted by the A/sup -1/3/ law, a behavior very similar to that exhibited by the photonuclear giant dipole resonance. The width and strength of the giant quadrupole resonance are practically constant in 92 Mo through 100 Mo

Design and construction of superconducting quadrupole magnets for ion beam fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.T.; Ludwig, H.; Turner, L.R.

1978-01-01

A high gradient superconducting quadrupole has been designed and developed as the heavy ion beam focussing element in the low velocity portions of an rf linac for the Argonne Ion Beam Fusion Reactor. The quadrupole magnets will require an extremely short magnet coil length (approximately 20 cm to 30 cm) and extremely high central gradients (approximately 100 T/m to 200 T/m). The useful warm bore will be about 4 to 6 cm and the integral gradient homogeneity should be constant to +-5% over the useful warm bore. Special techniques have been developed which are especially suitable for multilayer coil winding and coil assembly with high average current density over the coil cross section. A 5-layer quadrupole with 9 cm winding bore has been built and tested to the full performance of about 100 T/m with little training. The achieved average current density is 22,000 A/cm 2 at a peak field in conductor of about 5.0 T. An 8-layer quadrupole is under construction for a design gradient of 140 T/m over 9 cm winding bore. The peak field will be about 7.2 T

A superconducting quadrupole array for transport of multiple high current beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faltens, A.; Shuman, D.

1999-01-01

We present a conceptual design of a superconducting quadrupole magnet array for the side-by-side transport of multiple high current particle beams in induction linear accelerators. The magnetic design uses a modified cosine 20 current distribution inside a square cell boundary. Each interior magnet's neighbors serve as the return flux paths and the poles are placed as close as possible to each other to facilitate this. No iron is present in the basic 2-D magnetic design; it will work at any current level without correction windings. Special 1/8th quadrupoles are used along the transverse periphery of the array to contain and channel flux back into the array, making every channel look as part of an infinite array. This design provides a fixed dimension array boundary equal to the quadrupole radius that can be used for arrays of any number of quadrupole channels, at any field level. More importantly, the design provides magnetic field separation between the array and the induction cores which may be surrounding it. Flux linkage between these two components can seriously affect the operation of both of them

On some orthogonality properties of Maxwell's multipole vectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gramada, Apostol

2007-01-01

We determine the location of the expansion points with respect to which the two Maxwell's multipole vectors of the quadrupole moment and the dipole vector of a distribution of charge form an orthogonal trihedron. We find that with respect to these 'orthogonality centres' both the dipole and the quadrupole moments are each characterized by a single real parameter. We further show that the orthogonality centres coincide with the stationary points of the magnitude of the quadrupole moment and, therefore, they can be seen as an extension of the concept of centre of the dipole moment of a neutral system introduced previously in the literature. The nature of the stationary points then provides the means for the classification of a distribution of charge in two different categories

Nuclear Anapole Moments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michael Ramsey-Musolf; Wick Haxton; Ching-Pang Liu

2002-03-29

Nuclear anapole moments are parity-odd, time-reversal-even E1 moments of the electromagnetic current operator. Although the existence of this moment was recognized theoretically soon after the discovery of parity nonconservation (PNC), its experimental isolation was achieved only recently, when a new level of precision was reached in a measurement of the hyperfine dependence of atomic PNC in 133Cs. An important anapole moment bound in 205Tl also exists. In this paper, we present the details of the first calculation of these anapole moments in the framework commonly used in other studies of hadronic PNC, a meson exchange potential that includes long-range pion exchange and enough degrees of freedom to describe the five independent S-P amplitudes induced by short-range interactions. The resulting contributions of pi-, rho-, and omega-exchange to the single-nucleon anapole moment, to parity admixtures in the nuclear ground state, and to PNC exchange currents are evaluated, using configuration-mixed shell-model wave functions. The experimental anapole moment constraints on the PNC meson-nucleon coupling constants are derived and compared with those from other tests of the hadronic weak interaction. While the bounds obtained from the anapole moment results are consistent with the broad ''reasonable ranges'' defined by theory, they are not in good agreement with the constraints from the other experiments. We explore possible explanations for the discrepancy and comment on the potential importance of new experiments.

Nuclear Anapole Moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Michael Ramsey-Musolf; Wick Haxton; Ching-Pang Liu

2002-01-01

Nuclear anapole moments are parity-odd, time-reversal-even E1 moments of the electromagnetic current operator. Although the existence of this moment was recognized theoretically soon after the discovery of parity nonconservation (PNC), its experimental isolation was achieved only recently, when a new level of precision was reached in a measurement of the hyperfine dependence of atomic PNC in 133Cs. An important anapole moment bound in 205Tl also exists. In this paper, we present the details of the first calculation of these anapole moments in the framework commonly used in other studies of hadronic PNC, a meson exchange potential that includes long-range pion exchange and enough degrees of freedom to describe the five independent S-P amplitudes induced by short-range interactions. The resulting contributions of pi-, rho-, and omega-exchange to the single-nucleon anapole moment, to parity admixtures in the nuclear ground state, and to PNC exchange currents are evaluated, using configuration-mixed shell-model wave functions. The experimental anapole moment constraints on the PNC meson-nucleon coupling constants are derived and compared with those from other tests of the hadronic weak interaction. While the bounds obtained from the anapole moment results are consistent with the broad ''reasonable ranges'' defined by theory, they are not in good agreement with the constraints from the other experiments. We explore possible explanations for the discrepancy and comment on the potential importance of new experiments

Conceptual design of a quadrupole magnet for eRHIC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Witte, H. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Berg, J. S. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

2015-05-03

eRHIC is a proposed upgrade to the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) hadron facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which would allow collisions of up to 21 GeV polarized electrons with a variety of species from the existing RHIC accelerator. eRHIC employs an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) and an FFAG lattice for the arcs. The arcs require open-midplane quadrupole magnets of up to 30 T/m gradient of good field quality. In this paper we explore initial quadrupole magnet design concepts based on permanent magnetic material which allow to modify the gradient during operation.

LARP Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Anerella, M.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Caspi, S.; Chlachidize, G.; Dietderich, D.; Feher, S.; Ferracin, P.; Ghosh, A.; Hafalia, R.; Hannaford, R.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Kerby, J.; Lamm, M.; Lietzke, A.; McInturff, A.; Muratore, J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitsky, I.; Sabbi, G.L.; Schmalzle, J.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Wanderer, P.; Whitson, G.; Zlobin, A.V.

2008-01-01

A major milestone for the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is the test, by the end of 2009, of two 4m-long quadrupole magnets (LQ) wound with Nb 3 Sn conductor. The goal of these magnets is to be a proof of principle that Nb 3 Sn is a viable technology for a possible LHC luminosity upgrade. The design of the LQ is based on the design of the LARP Technological Quadrupoles, presently under development at FNAL and LBNL, with 90-mm aperture and gradient higher than 200 T/m. The design of the first LQ model will be completed by the end of 2007 with the selection of a mechanical design. In this paper we present the coil design addressing some fabrication technology issues, the quench protection study, and three designs of the support structure

LARP Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Anerella, M.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Caspi, S.; Chlachidize, G.; Dietderich, D.; Feher, S.; Felice, H.; Ferracin, P.; Fermilab; Brookhaven; LBL, Berkeley; Texas A-M

2007-01-01

A major milestone for the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is the test, by the end of 2009, of two 4m-long quadrupole magnets (LQ) wound with Nb3Sn conductor. The goal of these magnets is to be a proof of principle that Nb3Sn is a viable technology for a possible LHC luminosity upgrade. The design of the LQ is based on the design of the LARP Technological Quadrupoles, presently under development at FNAL and LBNL, with 90-mm aperture and gradient higher than 200 T/m. The design of the first LQ model will be completed by the end of 2007 with the selection of a mechanical design. In this paper we present the coil design addressing some fabrication technology issues, the quench protection study, and three designs of the support structure

LARP Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole Design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Anerella, M.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Caspi, S.; Chlachidize, G.; Dietderich, D.; Feher, S.; Felice, H.; Ferracin, P.; Ghosh, A.; Hafalia, A.R.; Hannaford, C.R.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Kerby, J.; Lamm, M.; Lietzke, A.; McInturff, A.; Muratore, J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitsky, I.; Sabbi, G.L.; Schmalzle, J.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Wanderer, P.; Whitson, G.; Zlobin, A.V.

2007-01-01

A major milestone for the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is the test, by the end of 2009, of two 4m-long quadrupole magnets (LQ) wound with Nb 3 Sn conductor. The goal of these magnets is to be a proof of principle that Nb 3 Sn is a viable technology for a possible LHC luminosity upgrade. The design of the LQ is based on the design of the LARP Technological Quadrupoles, presently under development at FNAL and LBNL, with 90-mm aperture and gradient higher than 200 T/m. The design of the first LQ model will be completed by the end of 2007 with the selection of a mechanical design. In this paper we present the coil design addressing some fabrication technology issues, the quench protection study, and three designs of the support structure

Quadrupole magnetic mapping of the high resolution spectrometers of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory, Hall A. (Q.M.M. project: Quadrupole Magnetic Measurement)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quemener, Gilles

1997-01-01

This thesis describes the magnetic measurements that have been performed on the superconducting quadrupoles of the High Resolution Spectrometers of TJNAF, Hall A (USA), which are designed to measure particle momentum up to 4 GeV.c -1 with a σp/p = 10 -4 resolution. The mapping method is based on rotating coil technique, the originality being a segmentation of the probe along the quad axis. Together with an accurate magnet modelling, the measurement of the flux variations through the set of rotating coils allows to determine the magnetic field at each point. We use the 3D field formalism, i.e., the Fourier-Bessel expansion of the field obtained by solving the Laplace equation. We describe the QMM method and then the apparatus consisting in two probes of length 1.6 m and 3.2 m built to map the three quadrupoles Q1, Q2, Q3. Data processing uses Fourier analysis. The mapping of the Electron Arm took place in situ in 1996. A first set of results concerns integral measurements including the properties of excitation cycle of the magnets (saturation and hysteresis). Second set of results in terms of local field yields the 3D field maps of the quadrupoles. After having applied corrections to the data we obtain a local field accuracy of 5 Gauss on each component, i.e. an uncertainty of 5.10 -4 relative to the quadrupole central field. We use SNAKE ray-tracing code with the implementation of QMM field maps and obtain preliminary results on HRS optics. (author)

Kinetic equilibrium of space charge dominated beams in a misaligned quadrupole focusing channel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goswami, A.; Sing Babu, P.; Pandit, V. S.

2013-01-01

The dynamics of intense beam propagation through the misaligned quadrupole focusing channel has been studied in a self-consistent manner using nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The equations of motion of the beam centroid have been developed and found to be independent of any specific beam distribution. A Vlasov equilibrium distribution and beam envelope equations have been obtained, which provide us a theoretical tool to investigate the dynamics of intense beam propagating in a misaligned quadrupole focusing channel. It is shown that the displaced quadrupoles only cause the centroid of the beam to wander off axis. The beam envelope around the centroid obeys the familiar Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij envelope equation that is independent of the centroid motion. However, the rotation of the quadrupole about its optical axis affects the beam envelope and causes an increase in the projected emittances in the two transverse planes due to the inter-plane coupling

MQRAD, a computer code for synchrotron radiation from quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morimoto, Teruhisa.

1984-01-01

The computer code, MQRAD, is developed for the calculation of the synchrotron radiation from the particles passing through quadrupole magnets at the straight section of the electron-positron colliding machine. This code computes the distributions of photon numbers and photon energies at any given points on the beam orbit. In this code, elements such as the quadrupole magnets and the drift spaces can be divided into many sub-elements in order to obtain the results with good accuracy. The synchrotron radiation produced by inserted quadrupole magnets at the interaction region of the electron-positron collider is one of the main background sources to the detector. The masking system against the synchrotron radiation at TRISTAN is very important because of the relatively high beam energy and the long straight section, which are 30 GeV and 100 meters, respectively. MQRAD has been used to design the masking system of the TOPAZ detector and the result is presented here as an example. (author)

Test Results of the LARP Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole HQ03a

CERN Document Server

DiMarco, J; Anerella, M; Bajas, H; Chlachidze, G; Borgnolutti, F; Bossert, R; Cheng, D W; Dietderich, D; Felice, H; Pan, H; Ferracin, P; Ghosh, A; Godeke, A; Hafalia, A R; Marchevsky, M; Orris, D; Ravaioli, E; Sabbi, G; Salmi, T; Schmalzle, J; Stoynev, S; Strauss, T; Sylvester, C; Tartaglia, M; Todesco, E; Wanderer, P; Wang, X R; Yu, M

2016-01-01

The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has been developing $Nb_3Sn$ quadrupoles of progressively increasing performance for the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. The 120 mm aperture High-field Quadrupole (HQ) models are the last step in the R&D; phase supporting the development of the new IR Quadrupoles (MQXF). Three series of HQ coils were fabricated and assembled in a shell-based support structure, progressively optimizing the design and fabrication process. The final set of coils consistently applied the optimized design solutions, and was assembled in the HQ03a model. This paper reports a summary of the HQ03a test results, including training, mechanical performance, field quality and quench studies.

Lepton dipole moments

CERN Document Server

Marciano, William J

2010-01-01

This book provides a self-contained description of the measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of the electron and muon, along with a discussion of the measurements of the fine structure constant, and the theory associated with magnetic and electric dipole moments. Also included are the searches for a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron, muon, neutron and atomic nuclei. The related topic of the transition moment for lepton flavor violating processes, such as neutrinoless muon or tauon decays, and the search for such processes are included as well. The papers, written by many o

Resolution limit of probe-forming systems with magnetic quadrupole lens triplets and quadruplets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ponomarev, A.G.; Melnik, K.I.; Miroshnichenko, V.I.; Storizhko, V.E.; Sulkio-Cleff, B.

2003-01-01

Over the past decade, in MeV ion beam microanalysis efforts to achieve a spatial resolution better than 0.1 μm with a beam current of ∼100 pA have been connected with microprobes of new generation where the probe is formed by means of separated magnetic quadrupole lens structures . However, as was pointed out in , no dramatic improvements in spatial resolution have been produced so far. For better understanding of the situation the authors carried out theoretical studies of multiparameter sets of probe-forming systems based on separated triplets and quadruplets of magnetic quadrupole lenses. Comparisons were made between the highest current values attained at different systems for a given beam spot size. The maximum parasitic sextupole and octupole field components were found whose contributions to spot broadening are tolerable. It is shown that the use of modern electrostatic accelerators and precision magnetic quadrupole lenses makes it possible to eliminate the effect of chromatic aberrations and second- and third-order parasitic aberrations resulting from distortions of the quadrupole lens symmetry. Therefore probe-forming systems with triplets and quadruplets of magnetic quadrupole lenses have a lower theoretical spatial resolution limit which is restricted mainly by intrinsic spherical third-order aberrations in state-of-the-art microprobes

The moment problem

CERN Document Server

Schmüdgen, Konrad

2017-01-01

This advanced textbook provides a comprehensive and unified account of the moment problem. It covers the classical one-dimensional theory and its multidimensional generalization, including modern methods and recent developments. In both the one-dimensional and multidimensional cases, the full and truncated moment problems are carefully treated separately. Fundamental concepts, results and methods are developed in detail and accompanied by numerous examples and exercises. Particular attention is given to powerful modern techniques such as real algebraic geometry and Hilbert space operators. A wide range of important aspects are covered, including the Nevanlinna parametrization for indeterminate moment problems, canonical and principal measures for truncated moment problems, the interplay between Positivstellensätze and moment problems on semi-algebraic sets, the fibre theorem, multidimensional determinacy theory, operator-theoretic approaches, and the existence theory and important special topics of multidime...

Global set of quadrupole deformation parameters for even-even nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raman, S.; Nestor, C.W. Jr.

1986-01-01

A compilation of experimental results has been completed for the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability [B(E2)up arrow] between the 0 + ground state and the first 2 + state in even-even nuclei. This compilation together with certain simple relationships noted by other authors can be used to make reasonable predictions of unmeasured B(E2)up arrow values. The quadrupole deformation parameter β 2 immediately follows, because β 2 is proportional to [B(E2)up arrow]/sup 1/2/. 8 refs., 7 figs

Performance Evaluation of Moment Connections of Moment Resisting Frames Against Progressive Collapse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Mahmoudi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available When a primary structural element fails due to sudden load such as explosion, the building undergoes progressive collapse. The method for design of moment connections during progressive collapse is different to seismic design of moment connections. Because in this case, the axial force on the connections makes it behave differently. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a variety of moment connections in preventing progressive collapse in steel moment frames. To achieve this goal, three prequalified moment connections (BSEEP, BFP and WUP-W were designed according seismic codes. These moment connections were analyzed numerically using ABAQUS software for progressive collapse. The results show that the BFP connection (bolted flange plate has capacity much more than other connections because of the use of plates at the junction of beam-column.

The team responsible for testing and measuring the LHC insertion quadrupoles

CERN Multimedia

Patrice Loïez

2003-01-01

The LHC main magnet system includes about 600 superconducting quadrupoles for beam focusing. Superconducting Matching Quadrupole Magnets (MQMs) are just one of several varieties of quadrupole; they will be installed in the accelerator´s eight ´insertion zones´, four of which are also experimental areas, where the beams will intersect to produce proton-proton collisions. The first MQM, built by the UK firm Tesla Engineering, has passed its acceptance tests. The team responsible for the tests is pictured here with the 3.5-metre-long magnet. Photo 01: Bottom row, left to right, Michäel Ky, Antoine Dias Goncalves, Gilles Rittaud, Yannick Riva; middle row, left to right, Vladimir Bretin, Noël Dalexandro, Bert Lust, Patrick Viret; top row, left to right, Christian Giloux, Ranko Ostojic, Walter Venturini Delsolaro, Lassaâd Gharsallah.

Preliminary proposal of a Nb3Sn quadrupole model for the low β insertions of the LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ambrosio, G.; Ametrano, F.; Bellomo, G.; Broggi, F.; Rossi, L.; Volpini, G.

1995-09-01

In recent years Nb 3 Sn based conductors have shown wide applicability for superconducting magnets in many research areas like high field solenoids for laboratory experiment, for NMR spectroscopy and high field magnets for fusion. Nb 3 Sn technology is progressing fast, increasing both technical reliability and availability. The Nb 3 Sn technology, which has a higher critical field than NbTi, seems attractive for IR (Insertion Region) quadrupoles of large colliders . In this paper it is proposed the construction of a superconducting quadrupole wound with Nb 3 Sn cable for a second generation IR inner triplet low β quadrupoles, for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The low β quadrupoles, control the beam focusing at collision points, therefore a gain in term of focus strength and/or coil aperture can increase significantly machine performance. Two are the main steps for the whole project: 1) design and construction of a 1 metre long quadrupole to demonstrate the actual feasibility, which is the subject of this proposal; 2) study for integration of the quadrupole in the machine and final design of 5 m long quadrupoles finalized to the LHC

Characterization and tuning of ultrahigh gradient permanent magnet quadrupoles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Becker

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The application of quadrupole devices with high field gradients and small apertures requires precise control over higher order multipole field components. We present a new scheme for performance control and tuning, which allows the illumination of most of the quadrupole device aperture because of the reduction of higher order field components. Consequently, the size of the aperture can be minimized to match the beam size achieving field gradients of up to 500  T m^{-1} at good imaging quality. The characterization method based on a Hall probe measurement and a Fourier analysis was confirmed using the high quality electron beam at the Mainz Microtron MAMI.

Nb3Sn Quadrupoles Designs For The LHC Upgrades

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Felice, Helene

2008-01-01

In preparation for the LHC luminosity upgrades, high field and large aperture Nb 3 Sn quadrupoles are being studied. This development has to incorporate all the relevant features for an accelerator magnet like alignment and cooling channels. The LARP HQ model is a high field and large bore quadrupole that will meet these requirements. The 2-layer coils are surrounded by a structure based on key and bladder technology with supporting iron yoke and aluminum shell. This structure is aimed at pre-stress control, alignment and field quality. We present here the magnetic and mechanical design of HQ, along with recent progress on the development of the first 1-meter model.

Progress toward measuring the 6S1/2 5D3/2 magnetic-dipole transition moment in Ba+

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Spencer; Jayakumar, Anupriya; Hoffman, Matthew; Blinov, Boris; Fortson, Norval

2015-05-01

We report the latest results from our effort to measure the magnetic-dipole transition moment (M1) between the 6S1 / 2 and 5D3 / 2 manifolds in Ba+. We describe a new technique for calibrating view-port birefringence and how we will use it to enhance the M1 signal. To access the transition moment we use a variation of a previously proposed technique that allows us to isolate the magnetic-dipole coupling from the much larger electric-quadrupole coupling in the transition rates between particular Zeeman sub-levels. Knowledge of M1 is crucial for a parity-nonconservation experiment in the ion where M1 will be a leading source of systematic errors. No measurement of this M1 has been made in Ba+, however, there are three calculations that predict it to be 80 ×10-5μB, 22 ×10-5μB, and 17 ×10-5μB. A precise measurement may help resolve this theoretical discrepancy which originates from their different estimations of many-body effects. Supported by NSF Grant No. 09-06494F.

Magnetic moments of baryons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipkin, H.J.

1983-06-01

The new experimental values of hyperon magnetic moments are compared with sum rules predicted from general quark models. Three difficulties are encountered which are not easily explained by simple models. The isovector contributions of nonstrange quarks to hyperon moments are smaller than the corresponding contribution to nucleon moments, indicating either appreciable configuration mixing present in hyperon wave functions and absent in nucleons or an additional isovector contribution beyond that of valence quarks; e.g. from a pion cloud. The large magnitude of the ω - moment may indicate that the strange quark contribution to the ω moments is considerably larger than the value μ(#betta#) predicted by simple models which have otherwise been very successful. The set of controversial values from different experiments of the μ - moment include a value very close to -(1/2)μ(μ + ) which would indicate that strange quarks do not contribute at all to the μ moments. (author)

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF SINGULAR ISOTHERMAL QUADRUPOLE LENS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chu Zhe; Lin, W. P.; Yang Xiaofeng

2013-01-01

Using an analytical method, we study the singular isothermal quadrupole (SIQ) lens system, which is the simplest lens model that can produce four images. In this case, the radial mass distribution is in accord with the profile of the singular isothermal sphere lens, and the tangential distribution is given by adding a quadrupole on the monopole component. The basic properties of the SIQ lens have been studied in this Letter, including the deflection potential, deflection angle, magnification, critical curve, caustic, pseudo-caustic, and transition locus. Analytical solutions of the image positions and magnifications for the source on axes are derived. We find that naked cusps will appear when the relative intensity k of quadrupole to monopole is larger than 0.6. According to the magnification invariant theory of the SIQ lens, the sum of the signed magnifications of the four images should be equal to unity, as found by Dalal. However, if a source lies in the naked cusp, the summed magnification of the left three images is smaller than the invariant 1. With this simple lens system, we study the situations where a point source infinitely approaches a cusp or a fold. The sum of the magnifications of the cusp image triplet is usually not equal to 0, and it is usually positive for major cusps while negative for minor cusps. Similarly, the sum of magnifications of the fold image pair is usually not equal to 0 either. Nevertheless, the cusp and fold relations are still equal to 0 in that the sum values are divided by infinite absolute magnifications by definition.

Electrons in a positive-ion beam with solenoid or quadrupole magnetic transport

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molvik, A.W.; Kireeff Covo, M.; Cohen, R.; Coleman, J.; Sharp, W.; Bieniosek, F.; Friedman, A.; Roy, P.K.; Seidl, P.; Lund, S.M.; Faltens, A.; Vay, J.L.; Prost, L.

2007-01-01

The High Current Experiment (HCX) is used to study beam transport and accumulation of electrons in quadrupole magnets and the Neutralized Drift-Compression Experiment (NDCX) to study beam transport through and accumulation of electrons in magnetic solenoids. We find that both clearing and suppressor electrodes perform as intended, enabling electron cloud densities to be minimized. Then, the measured beam envelopes in both quadrupoles and solenoids agree with simulations, indicating that theoretical beam current transport limits are reliable, in the absence of electrons. At the other extreme, reversing electrode biases with the solenoid transport effectively traps electrons; or, in quadrupole magnets, grounding the suppressor electrode allows electron emission from the end wall to flood the beam, in both cases producing significant degradation in the beam

Measurement of time dependent fields in high gradient superconducting quadrupoles for the Tevatron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lamm, M.J.; Coulter, K.; Gourlay, S.; Jaffery, T.S.

1990-10-01

Magnetic field measurements have been performed on prototype and production magnets from two high gradient superconducting quadrupoles designs. One design is a double shell quadrupole with 36 strand Rutherford cable. The other design is a single shell quadrupole with 5 individually monolithic strands connected in series. These magnets have similar bore diameters and cable dimensions. However, there are significant differences between the two designs, as well as differences between prototype and production magnets within each design, with regard to Cu to superconductor ratio, filament diameter and filament spacing to strand diameter. The time dependence of fixed currents of the measured magnetic fields is discussed. 9 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab

Radiative ΩQ∗→ΩQγ and ΞQ∗→ΞQ′γ transitions in light cone QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aliev, T. M.; Azizi, K.; Sundu, H.

2015-01-01

We calculate the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments associated with the radiative Ω Q ∗ →Ω Q γ and Ξ Q ∗ →Ξ Q ′ γ transitions with Q=b or c in the framework of light cone QCD sum rules. It is found that the corresponding quadrupole moments are negligibly small, while the magnetic dipole moments are considerably large. A comparison of the results of the considered multipole moments as well as corresponding decay widths with the predictions of the vector dominance model is performed

DESIGN OF A THIN QUADRUPOLE TO BE USED IN THE AGS SYNCHROTRON

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

TSOUPAS,N.; AHRENS, L.; ALFORQUE, R.; BAI, M.; BROWN, K.; COURANT, E.; ET AL.

2007-06-25

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) employs two partial helical snakes[l] to preserve the polarization of the proton beam during acceleration. In order to compensate for the focusing effect of the partial helical snakes on the beam optics in the AGS during acceleration of the beam, we introduced eight quadrupoles in straight sections of the AGS at the proximity of the partial snakes. At injection energies, the strength of each quad is set at a high value, and is ramped down to zero as the effect of the snakes diminishes by the square of beam's rigidity. Four of the eight compensation quadrupoles had to be placed in very short straight sections -30 cm in length, therefore the quadruples had be thin with an overall length of less than 30 cm. In this paper we will discus: (a) the mechanical and magnetic specifications of the ''thin'' quadrupole. (b) the method to minimize the strength of the dodecapole harmonic, (c) the method to optimize the thickness of the laminations that the magnet iron is made, (d) mechanical tolerances of the magnet, (e) comparison of the measured and calculated magnetic multipoles of the quadrupole.

Stabilization of the Electron-Nuclear Spin Orientation in Quantum Dots by the Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction

Science.gov (United States)

Dzhioev, R. I.; Korenev, V. L.

2007-07-01

The nuclear quadrupole interaction eliminates the restrictions imposed by hyperfine interaction on the spin coherence of an electron and nuclei in a quantum dot. The strain-induced nuclear quadrupole interaction suppresses the nuclear spin flip and makes possible the zero-field dynamic nuclear polarization in self-organized InP/InGaP quantum dots. The direction of the effective nuclear magnetic field is fixed in space, thus quenching the magnetic depolarization of the electron spin in the quantum dot. The quadrupole interaction suppresses the zero-field electron spin decoherence also for the case of nonpolarized nuclei. These results provide a new vision of the role of the nuclear quadrupole interaction in nanostructures: it elongates the spin memory of the electron-nuclear system.

Final 6D Muon Ionization Colling using Strong Focusing Quadrupoles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hart, T. L. [Mississippi U.; Acosta, J. G. [Mississippi U.; Cremaldi, L. M. [Mississippi U.; Oliveros, S. J. [Mississippi U.; Summers, D. J. [Mississippi U.; Neuffer, D. V. [Fermilab

2016-11-15

Abstract Low emittance muon beam lines and muon colliders are potentially a rich source of BSM physics for future exper- imenters. A muon beam normalized emittance of ax,y,z = (280, 280, 1570)µm has been achieved in simulation with short solenoids and a betatron function of 3 cm. Here we use ICOOL and MAD-X to explore using a 400 MeV/c muon beam and strong focusing quadrupoles to achieve a normalized transverse emittance of 100 µm and complete 6D cooling. The low beta regions, as low as 5 mm, produced by the quadrupoles are occupied by dense, low Z absorbers, such as lithium hydride or beryllium, that cool the beam transversely. Equilibrium transverse emittance is linearly proportional to the transverse betatron function. Reverse emittance exchange with septa and/or wedges is then used to decrease transverse emittance from 100 to 25 µm at the expense of longitudinal emittance for a high energy lepton collider. Cooling challenges include chromaticity correction, ssband overlap, quadrupole acceptance, and staying in phase with RF.

Moment methods with effective nuclear Hamiltonians; calculations of radial moments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belehrad, R.H.

1981-02-01

A truncated orthogonal polynomial expansion is used to evaluate the expectation value of the radial moments of the one-body density of nuclei. The expansion contains the configuration moments, , , and 2 >, where R/sup (k)/ is the operator for the k-th power of the radial coordinate r, and H is the effective nuclear Hamiltonian which is the sum of the relative kinetic energy operator and the Bruckner G matrix. Configuration moments are calculated using trace reduction formulae where the proton and neutron orbitals are treated separately in order to find expectation values of good total isospin. The operator averages are taken over many-body shell model states in the harmonic oscillator basis where all particles are active and single-particle orbitals through six major shells are included. The radial moment expectation values are calculated for the nuclei 16 O, 40 Ca, and 58 Ni and find that is usually the largest term in the expansion giving a large model space dependence to the results. For each of the 3 nuclei, a model space is found which gives the desired rms radius and then we find that the other 5 lowest moments compare favorably with other theoretical predictions. Finally, we use a method of Gordon (5) to employ the lowest 6 radial moment expectation values in the calculation of elastic electron scattering from these nuclei. For low to moderate momentum transfer, the results compare favorably with the experimental data

Variable high gradient permanent magnet quadrupole (QUAPEVA)

Science.gov (United States)

Marteau, F.; Ghaith, A.; N'Gotta, P.; Benabderrahmane, C.; Valléau, M.; Kitegi, C.; Loulergue, A.; Vétéran, J.; Sebdaoui, M.; André, T.; Le Bec, G.; Chavanne, J.; Vallerand, C.; Oumbarek, D.; Cosson, O.; Forest, F.; Jivkov, P.; Lancelot, J. L.; Couprie, M. E.

2017-12-01

Different applications such as laser plasma acceleration, colliders, and diffraction limited light sources require high gradient quadrupoles, with strength that can reach up to 200 T/m for a typical 10 mm bore diameter. We present here a permanent magnet based quadrupole (so-called QUAPEVA) composed of a Halbach ring and surrounded by four permanent magnet cylinders. Its design including magnetic simulation modeling enabling us to reach 201 T/m with a gradient variability of 45% and mechanical issues are reported. Magnetic measurements of seven systems of different lengths are presented and confirmed the theoretical expectations. The variation of the magnetic center while changing the gradient strength is ±10 μm. A triplet of QUAPEVA magnets is used to efficiently focus a beam with large energy spread and high divergence that is generated by a Laser Plasma Acceleration source for a free electron laser demonstration and has enabled us to perform beam based alignment and control the dispersion of the beam.

The LHC Main Quadrupoles during Series Fabrication

CERN Document Server

Tortschanoff, Theodor; Durante, M; Hagen, P; Klein, U; Krischel, D; Payn, A; Rossi, L; Schellong, B; Schmidt, P; Simon, F; Schirm, K-M; Todesco, E

2006-01-01

By the end of August 2005 about 320 of the 400 main LHC quadrupole magnets have been fabricated and about 220 of them assembled into their cold masses, together with corrector magnets. About 130 of them have been cold tested in their cryostats and most of the quadrupoles exceeded their nominal excitation, i.e. 12,000 A, after no more than two training quenches. During this series fabrication, the quality of the magnets and cold masses was thoroughly monitored by means of warm magnetic field measurements, of strict geometrical checking, and of various electrical verifications. A number of modifications were introduced in order to improve the magnet fabrication, mainly correction of the coil geometry for achieving the specified field quality and measures for avoiding coil insulation problems. Further changes concern the electrical connectivity and insulation of instrumentation, and of the corrector magnets inside the cold masses. The contact resistances for the bus-bar connections to the quench protection diode...

Moment methods for nonlinear maps

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pusch, G.D.; Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON

1993-01-01

It is shown that Differential Algebra (DA) may be used to push moments of distributions through a map, at a computational cost per moment comparable to pushing a single particle. The algorithm is independent of order, and whether or not the map is symplectic. Starting from the known result that moment-vectors transform linearly - like a tensor - even under a nonlinear map, I suggest that the form of the moment transformation rule indicates that the moment-vectors are elements of the dual to DA-vector space. I propose several methods of manipulating moments and constructing invariants using DA. I close with speculations on how DA might be used to ''close the circle'' to solve the inverse moment problem, yielding an entirely DA-and-moment-based space-charge code. (Author)

Collective Quadrupole Excitations of Transactinide Nuclei

CERN Document Server

Zajac, K; Pomorski, K; Rohozinski, S G; Srebrny, J

2003-01-01

The quadrupole excitations of transuranic nuclei are described in the frame of the microscopic Bohr Hamiltonian modified by adding the coupling with the collective pairing vibrations. The energies of the states from the ground-state bands in U to No even-even isotopes as well as the B(E2) transition probabilities are reproduced within the model containing no adjustable parameters.

Development and Test of LARP Technological Quadrupole (TQC) Magnet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feher, S.; Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Pischalnikov, Yu.; Sylvester, C.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Whitson, G.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A.V.; Caspi, S.; Dietderich, D.; Ferracin, P.; Hannaford, R.; Hafalia, A.R.; Sabbi, G.

2007-06-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb{sub 3}Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90 mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the construction and test of model TQC01. ANSYS calculations of the structure are compared with measurements during construction. Fabrication experience is described and in-process measurements are reported. Test results at 4.5 K are presented, including magnet training, current ramp rate studies and magnet quench current. Results of magnetic measurements at helium temperature are also presented.

Development and Test of LARP Technological Quadrupole (TQC) Magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feher, S.; Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Pischalnikov, Yu.; Sylvester, C.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Whitson, G.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A.V.; Caspi, S.; Dietderich, D.; Ferracin, P.; Hannaford, R.; Hafalia, A.R.; Sabbi, G.

2007-01-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb 3 Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90 mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the construction and test of model TQC01. ANSYS calculations of the structure are compared with measurements during construction. Fabrication experience is described and in-process measurements are reported. Test results at 4.5 K are presented, including magnet training, current ramp rate studies and magnet quench current. Results of magnetic measurements at helium temperature are also presented

Development and test of LARP technological quadrupole (TQC) magnet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feher, S.; Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; /Fermilab /LBL, Berkeley

2006-08-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb{sub 3}Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90-mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the construction and test of model TQC01. ANSYS calculations of the structure are compared with measurements during construction. Fabrication experience is described and in-process measurements are reported. Test results at 4.5K are presented, including magnet training, current ramp rate studies and magnet quench current . Results of magnetic measurements at helium temperature are also presented.

Development and test of LARP technological quadrupole (TQC) magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feher, S.; Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.

2006-01-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb 3 Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90-mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the construction and test of model TQC01. ANSYS calculations of the structure are compared with measurements during construction. Fabrication experience is described and in-process measurements are reported. Test results at 4.5K are presented, including magnet training, current ramp rate studies and magnet quench current . Results of magnetic measurements at helium temperature are also presented

Nuclear quadrupole resonance of arsenolite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Madarazo, R.

1988-01-01

A pulsed Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectrometer was constructed using imported Matec units. Peripherical components were specially assembled and tested for the implantation of the spin-echo technique in the Laboratorio de Centros de Cor of IFUSP. The R.F. operation range is from 50 to 1 ) and spin-spin (T 2 ) relaxation times were carried out at room temperature in arsenolite. The 75 As NQR frequency measured at room temperature is 116.223 MHz. (author) [pt

Study and optimal correction of a systematic skew quadrupole field in the Tevatron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Snopok, Pavel; Johnstone, Carol; Berz, Martin; Ovsyannikov, Dmitry A.; Ovsyannikov, Alexander D.

2006-01-01

Increasing demands for luminosity in existing and future colliders have made lattice design and error tolerance and correction critical to achieving performance goals. The current state of the Tevatron collider is an example, with a strong skew quadrupole error present in the operational lattice. This work studies the high-order performance of the Tevatron and the strong nonlinear behavior introduced when a significant skew quadrupole error is combined with conventional sextupole correction, a behavior still clearly evident after optimal tuning of available skew quadrupole circuits. An optimization study is performed using different skew quadrupole families, and, importantly, local and global correction of the linear skew terms in maps generated by the code COSY INFINITY [M. Berz, COSY INFINITY version 8.1 user's guide and reference manual, Department of Physics and Astronomy MSUHEP-20704, Michigan State University (2002). URL http://cosy.pa.msu.edu/cosymanu/index.html]. Two correction schemes with one family locally correcting each arc and eight independent correctors in the straight sections for global correction are proposed and shown to dramatically improve linearity and performance of the baseline Tevatron lattice

Relativistic Quadrupole Polarizability for the Ground State of Hydrogen-Like Ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yong-Hu; Zhang Xian-Zhou; Tang Li-Yan; Shi Ting-Yun; Mitroy Jim

2012-01-01

The static quadrupole polarizabilities for hydrogen-like ions from Z = 1 to Z = 100 in the 1S 1/2 ground state are calculated to high precision by solving the Dirac equation using the B-spline Galerkin method. The results are consistent with the expression of Kaneko [J. Phys. B 10 (1977) 3347] at low Z. The quadrupole oscillator strength sum Σ n f (2) gn is computed to be zero to a very high degree of precision. (atomic and molecular physics)

Trunk muscle activation. The effects of torso flexion, moment direction, and moment magnitude.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavender, S; Trafimow, J; Andersson, G B; Mayer, R S; Chen, I H

1994-04-01

This study was performed to quantify the electromyographic trunk muscle activities in response to variations in moment magnitude and direction while in forward-flexed postures. Recordings were made over eight trunk muscles in 19 subjects who maintained forward-flexed postures of 30 degrees and 60 degrees. In each of the two flexed postures, external moments of 20 Nm and 40 Nm were applied via a chest harness. The moment directions were varied in seven 30 degrees increments to a subject's right side, such that the direction of the applied load ranged from the upper body's anterior midsagittal plane (0 degree) to the posterior midsagittal plane (180 degrees). Statistical analyses yielded significant moment magnitude by moment-direction interaction effects for the EMG output from six of the eight muscles. Trunk flexion by moment-direction interactions were observed in the responses from three muscles. In general, the primary muscle supporting the torso and the applied load was the contralateral (left) erector spinae. The level of electromyographic activity in the anterior muscles was quite low, even with the posterior moment directions.

An experimental study of muonic X-ray transitions in mercury isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hahn, A.A.; Miller, J.P.; Powers, R.J.; Zehnder, A.; Rushton, A.M.; Welsh, R.E.; Kunselman, A.R.; Roberson, P.; Walter, H.K.

1979-01-01

Muonic X-ray spectra have been measured for 198-202 204 Hg. These data have been interpreted in terms of a two parameter Fermi distribution for the charge density. The authors have inferred the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of some of the 2 + nuclear states. For 199 Hg they have determined the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the first two excited states and the B(E2) connecting these states to the ground state. For 201 Hg the ground state quadrupole moment has been obtained as well as several other E2 moments but the interpretation of the data has been hampered by a possible incomplete knowledge of the nuclear scheme of this nucleus. The muonic isotope shifts have been measured and interpreted in terms of deltaRsub(k) and are compared to electronic X-ray and optical isotope shift measurements. (Auth.)

Preliminary proposal of a Nb{sub 3}Sn quadrupole model for the low {beta} insertions of the LHC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ambrosio, G; Ametrano, F; Bellomo, G; Broggi, F; Rossi, L; Volpini, G [Milan Univ. (Italy). Dip. di Fisica; [INFN, Sezione di Milano (Italy). Laboratorio Acceleratori e Superconduttivita` Applicata

1995-09-01

In recent years Nb{sub 3}Sn based conductors have shown wide applicability for superconducting magnets in many research areas like high field solenoids for laboratory experiment, for NMR spectroscopy and high field magnets for fusion. Nb{sub 3}Sn technology is progressing fast, increasing both technical reliability and availability. The Nb{sub 3}Sn technology, which has a higher critical field than NbTi, seems attractive for IR (Insertion Region) quadrupoles of large colliders . In this paper it is proposed the construction of a superconducting quadrupole wound with Nb{sub 3}Sn cable for a second generation IR inner triplet low {beta} quadrupoles, for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The low {beta} quadrupoles, control the beam focusing at collision points, therefore a gain in term of focus strength and/or coil aperture can increase significantly machine performance. Two are the main steps for the whole project: (1) design and construction of a 1 metre long quadrupole to demonstrate the actual feasibility, which is the subject of this proposal; (2) study for integration of the quadrupole in the machine and final design of 5 m long quadrupoles finalized to the LHC.

Effect of quadrupole fringe fields on the tune of Indus-2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kant, Pradeep; Husain, Riyasat; Ghodke, A.D.; Singh, Gurnam

2009-01-01

Being an unavoidable part in a real magnet design, fringe fields of different kind of magnets have various effects on the beam parameters of the storage ring. The fringe field of a bending magnet (dipole) generates closed orbit distortion and disturbs the dispersion function whereas the fringe field of a quadrupole affects other parameters of the ring like tune values and twiss functions. The fringe field pattern of the quadrupoles of Indus-2 was measured by the Magnet Group. The measurements were performed along the various radial tracks in a quadrupole from -30 to 30 mm in steps of 5 mm at various excitation current levels. The pattern of the gradient at these different current levels was obtained by a line fit of the magnetic field at each point. The data was used to get the effect on the tune of Indus-2. The paper describes the results of the effect on the tune. (author)

Recent developments in the measurements of nuclear shapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Somayajulu, D.R.S.

1975-01-01

The electric quadrupole moment of the excited state of a nucleus plays a significant role in giving information on the shape of the nucleus and hence most of the investigations on nuclear shapes require the correct knowledge about and the accurate measurement of the quadrupole moments of the excited states of the nuclei. In this paper, general considerations in the measurement of a quadrupole moment are given. The quadrupole moment is defined as positive for oblate and negative for prolate nuclear shapes. Two approaches are given for measurement of the external field gradient. The first approach is by Mossbauer effect and time differential and integral perturbed angular correlation method. These methods are useful in determining the quadrupole moments of both excited and ground states of nuclei. The second approach is by the coulomb excitation reorientation method. This method is found suitable for states of life time -9 sec; still recent is the reorientation precession effect method which has also been found to be successful for some polarized nuclei. A typical example of the coulomb excitation of the first 2 states of Sm 150 by 56 MeV O 16 projectiles is shown. The limitations of these methods are also mentioned. It is concluded that the reorientation precession technique and the transient electric field gradient precession will be of practical use for states through out the periodic table. Future plans and new experiments proposed are indicated. (A.K.)

Computing moment to moment BOLD activation for real-time neurofeedback

Science.gov (United States)

Hinds, Oliver; Ghosh, Satrajit; Thompson, Todd W.; Yoo, Julie J.; Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan; Triantafyllou, Christina; Gabrieli, John D.E.

2013-01-01

Estimating moment to moment changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation levels from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has applications for learned regulation of regional activation, brain state monitoring, and brain-machine interfaces. In each of these contexts, accurate estimation of the BOLD signal in as little time as possible is desired. This is a challenging problem due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of fMRI data. Previous methods for real-time fMRI analysis have either sacrificed the ability to compute moment to moment activation changes by averaging several acquisitions into a single activation estimate or have sacrificed accuracy by failing to account for prominent sources of noise in the fMRI signal. Here we present a new method for computing the amount of activation present in a single fMRI acquisition that separates moment to moment changes in the fMRI signal intensity attributable to neural sources from those due to noise, resulting in a feedback signal more reflective of neural activation. This method computes an incremental general linear model fit to the fMRI timeseries, which is used to calculate the expected signal intensity at each new acquisition. The difference between the measured intensity and the expected intensity is scaled by the variance of the estimator in order to transform this residual difference into a statistic. Both synthetic and real data were used to validate this method and compare it to the only other published real-time fMRI method. PMID:20682350

The effect and correction of coupling generated by the RHIC triplet quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pilat, F.; Peggs, S.; Tepikian, S.; Trbojevic, D.; Wei, J.

1995-01-01

This study explores the possibility of operating the nominal RHIC coupling correction system in local decoupling mode, where a subset of skew quadrupoles are independently set by minimizing the coupling as locally measured by beam position monitors. The goal is to establish a correction procedure for the skew quadrupole errors in the interaction region triplets that does not rely on a priori knowledge of the individual errors. After a description of the present coupling correction scheme envisioned for RHIC, the basics of the local decoupling method will be briefly recalled in the context of its implementation in the TEAPOT simulation code as well as operationally. The method is then applied to the RHIC lattice: a series of simple tests establish that single triplet skew quadrupole errors can be corrected by local decoupling. More realistic correction schemes are then studied in order to correct distributed sources of skew quadrupole errors: the machine can be decoupled either by pure local decoupling or by a combination of global (minimum tune separation) and local decoupling. The different correction schemes are successively validated and evaluated by standard RHIC simulation runs with the complete set of errors and corrections. The different solutions and results are finally discussed together with their implications for the hardware

A molecule with small rotational constants containing an atom with a large nuclear quadrupole moment: The microwave spectrum of trans-1-iodoperfluoropropane

Science.gov (United States)

Dewberry, C. T.; Grubbs, G. S.; Cooke, S. A.

2009-09-01

Using pulsed jet chirped-pulse, and cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopies over 900 transitions have been recorded for the title molecule in the 1-4 GHz and 8-18 GHz regions. The C,C and C carbon-13 species have been observed in natural abundance allowing a substitution structure for the CCC backbone to be determined. Nearly all the transitions observed were either a-type R branches or b-type Q branches. No c-type transitions were observed consistent with only the trans conformer being present under our experimental conditions. The χaa,χbb,χcc and χab components of the iodine nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor have been determined. Of note, several forbidden, ΔJ±2 transitions, and one ΔJ±3 transition were observed with quite reasonable intensity. These observations have been rationalized through considerations of near degeneracies between energy levels connected via a large χab value (≈1 GHz).

Solid state NMR, basic theory and recent progress for quadrupole nuclei with half-integer spin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dieter, F.

1998-01-01

This review describes the basic theory and some recently developed techniques for the study of quadrupole nuclei with half integer spins in powder materials. The latter is connected to the introduction of the double rotation (DOR) by A. Samoson et al. (1) and to the introduction of the multiple quantum magic-angle spinning (MQ MAS) technique by L. Frydman et. al. (2). For integer spins, especially the solid-state deuterium magnetic resonance, we refer to the review of G.L. Hoatson and R.L. Vold: '' 2 H-NMR Spectroscopy of Solids and Liquid Crystals'' (3). For single crystals we refer to O. Kanert and M. Mehring: ''Static quadrupole effects in disordered cubic solids''(4) and we would like also to mention the ''classic'' review of M.H. Cohen and F. Reif: ''Quadrupole effects in NMR studies of solids'' (5). Some more recent reviews in the field under study are D. Freude and J. Haase ''Quadrupole effects in solid-state NMR'' (6). Ch. Jager: ''Satellite Transition Spectroscopy of Quadrupolar Nuclei'' (7) and B.F. Chmelka and J.W. Zwanziger: ''Solid State NMR Line Narrowing Methods for Quadrupolar Nuclei - Double Rotation and Dynamic-Angle Spinning'' (8). A survey of nuclear quadrupole frequency data published before the end of 1982 is given by H. Chihara and N. Nakamura in Landolt-Bornstein, Vol. 20 (9). Values of the chemical shift of quadrupole nuclei in solids can be found in books such as ''Multinuclear NMR'' edited by J. Mason (10). In section 9 of ref (6) some electric field gradient and chemical shift data published from 1983 to 1992 for the most studied quadrupole nuclei sup 27 Al, sup 23 Na, and sup 17 O are given

Rotations as coherent states of SU(6) quadrupole phonons in the SU(3) limit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Canto, L F [Rio de Janeiro Univ. (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Paar, V [Zagreb Univ. (Yugoslavia). Prirodoslovno Matematicki Fakultet; Rio de Janeiro Univ. (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica)

1981-06-18

Analytic expressions for the wavefunctions of the ground-state rotational band for even and odd nuclei are derived in terms of spherical quadrupole phonons truncated at N(max) phonons. For N(max) ..-->.. infinite the Bohr-Mottelson rotational states are generated as an asymptotic gaussian distribution of quadrupole phonons.

High-Energy Gun-Injected Toroidal Quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hammel, J.E.; Henins, I.; Kewish, R.W. Jr.; Marshall, J.; Sherwood, A.R.

1971-01-01

A quadrupole device is being used to investigate the trapping and containment of an energetic gun plasma. The quadrupole is designed to contain a peak density of 5 x 10 13 cm -3 at 2.5 keV within the MHD-stable region. At design field there are 5 gyro-radii for 2. 5-keV protons from the separatrix to the ψ crit . The interior conductors are directly driven with a 0.8-MJ capacitor bank. The current to the coils is fed through a single pair of dipole-guarded conductors to each coil. The coils are also supported from the current feed, The dipole guard is in a force-free configuration with 5 gyro-radii for 2. 5-keV protons from the separatrix (between the dipole and quadrupole fields) to the dipole surface. The dipole is designed so that loss of plasma from the dipole region will be directed away from the interior conductors. This feature is necessary for the prevention of contamination by secondary gas produced by plasma lost at the dipole guard. Experiments at one-half design value of magnetic field have shown that the kilovolt energy gun plasma is trapped by depolarization currents around the coils, and that a very high percentage (>50%) of the gun output can be trapped. The plasma density is measured by a unique Michelson interferometer using CO 2 laser light. The energy of the plasma is derived from magnetic pickup loops placed outside the containment region. The leak caused by the dipole guard Held has been examined by double electric probe measurements. The plasma drift thus inferred is an order of magnitude less than that predicted by a model of Meade's or by calculations by us. This casts doubt upon the validity of any such simple model and emphasizes the necessity of further experimental investigation of the matter. New coils which are being built to operate at full design magnetic field strength will allow a check on the containment time of the device for kilovolt energy plasma. (author)

Multiple shadows from distorted static black holes

Science.gov (United States)

Grover, Jai; Kunz, Jutta; Nedkova, Petya; Wittig, Alexander; Yazadjiev, Stoytcho

2018-04-01

We study the local shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole with a quadrupole distortion and the influence of the external gravitational field on the photon dynamics. The external matter sources modify the light ring structure and lead to the appearance of multiple shadow images. In the case of negative quadrupole moments we identify the most prominent mechanism causing multiple shadow formation. Furthermore, we obtain a condition under which this mechanism can be realized. This condition depends on the quadrupole moment, but also on the position of the observer and the celestial sphere.

Application of the boson expansion theory to Se and Kr isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedrocchi, V.G.; Tamura, T.

1988-01-01

The boson expansion theory is applied to even Se and Kr isotopes with neutron number N = 38-48. Energy spectra, B(E2) values and quadrupole moments are calculated and fairly good agreement with experimental data is obtained. The coupling of collective quadrupole and monopole pairing vibrational modes is also included in order to fit low-lying O 2 + states in some of the nuclei. The calculated values of the quadrupole moments indicate that both Se and Kr nuclei are in a transitional region from a prolate to an oblate shape. (author)

The effect of quadrupole fields on particle confinement in a field-reversed mirror

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McColl, D.B.; Berk, H.L.; Hammer, J.; Morse, E.C.

1982-01-01

A particle simulation code has been modified to simulate particle loss caused by quadrupole magnetic fields on a field-reversed mirror plasma device. Since analytic fields are chosen for the equilibrium, the numerical algorithm is highly accurate for long-time integrations of particle orbits. The resultant particle loss due to the quadrupole fields can be competitive with collisional loss in the device

Development and testing of the improved focusing quadrupole for heavy ion fusion accelerators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manahan, R R; Martovetsky, N N; Meinke, R B; Chiesa, L; Lietzke, A F; Sabbi, G L; Seidl, P A

2003-10-23

An improved version of the focusing magnet for a Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) accelerator was designed, built and tested in 2002-2003. This quadrupole has higher focusing power and lower error field than the previous version of the focusing quadrupoles successfully built and tested in 2001. We discuss the features of the new design, selected fabrication issues and test results.

Nuclear scissors mode with pairing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balbutsev, E. B.; Malov, L. A.; Schuck, P.; Urban, M.; Vinas, X.

2008-01-01

The coupled dynamics of the scissors mode and the isovector giant quadrupole resonance are studied using a generalized Wigner function moments method, taking into account pair correlations. Equations of motion for angular momentum, quadrupole moment, and other relevant collective variables are derived on the basis of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations. Analytical expressions for energy centroids and transition probabilities are found for the harmonic-oscillator model with the quadrupole-quadrupole residual interaction and monopole pairing force. Deformation dependences of energies and B(M1) values are correctly reproduced. The inclusion of pair correlations leads to a drastic improvement in the description of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the scissors mode.

Ab-initio calculations of electric field gradient in Ru compounds and ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

For 3 / 2 + , the quadrupole moment of the first excited state in 99 Ru is obtained as +0.203(3) b, which is considerably lower than the commonly accepted literature value of +0.231(12) b. The results presented in this paper would be useful for the precise determination of quadrupole moment of high spin states in other Ru ...

Quadrupole collective correlations and termination of the superdeformed bands in mercury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonche, P.; Heenen, P.H.; Krieger, S.J.; Weiss, M.S.; Meyer, J.

1990-03-01

Fully self-consistent Generator Coordinate Method calculations have been performed on a basis of quadrupole constrained Hartree-Fock plus BCS wave functions for the five even mercury isotopes 190-198 Hg. The GCM results support conclusions drawn from previous HF+BCS calculations. The predicted evolution of superdeformed band head (shape isomer) properties as a function of the neutron number is consistent with the data. Using calculated transition matrix elements, we evaluate in-band versus out-of-band quadrupole decay and explain the sudden termination of the superdeformed band

Fringe fields modeling for the high luminosity LHC large aperture quadrupoles

CERN Document Server

Dalena, B; Payet, J; Chancé, A; Brett, D R; Appleby, R B; De Maria, R; Giovannozzi, M

2014-01-01

The HL-LHC Upgrade project relies on large aperture magnets (mainly the inner Triplet and the separation dipole D1). The beam is much more sensitive to non-linear perturbations in this region, such as those induced by the fringe fields of the low-beta quadrupoles. Different tracking models are compared in order to provide a numerical estimate of the impact of fringe fields for the actual design of the inner triplet quadrupoles. The implementation of the fringe fields in SixTrack, to be used for dynamic apertures studies, is also discussed.

Effect of magnetic quadrupole lens alignment on a nuclear microprobe resolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolinko, S.V.; Ponomarev, A.G.

2016-01-01

The paper reports the research trends in developing probe-forming systems with high demagnification and analysis factors that limit a nuclear microprobe resolution. Parasitic aberrations caused by tilts and offsets of magnetic quadrupoles are studied in terms of their effect on probe parameters on a target. The most common arrangements of probe-forming systems such as a triplet and “Russian quadruplet” with separated geometry are considered. The accuracy prerequisites for the positioning of the quadrupoles are defined, and practical guidelines for alignment of probe-forming systems with high demagnification factors are suggested.

Polarization of very cold neutron using a permanent magnet quadrupole

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshioka, Tamaki, E-mail: tyosioka@post.kek.j [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Mishima, Kenji; Ino, Takashi; Taketani, Kaoru; Muto, Suguru; Morishima, Takahiro; Shimizu, Hirohiko M. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Oku, Takayuki; Suzuki, Junichi; Shinohara, Takenao; Sakai, Kenji [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Sato, Hiromi; Hirota, Katsuya; Otake, Yoshie [RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Kitaguchi, Masaaki; Hino, Masahiro [Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494 (Japan); Seki, Yoshichika [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Iwashita, Yoshihisa; Yamada, Masako [Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan); Ichikawa, Masahiro [Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)

2011-04-01

For the future fundamental physics experiments by using cold neutrons, we are developing a device which can measure the neutron polarization degree by accuracy significantly below 10{sup -3}. A quadrupole magnet is one of the promising candidate to measure the neutron polarization degree by such extremely high precision. We have performed a polarization experiment by using the quadrupole magnets at the Very Cold Neutron (VCN) port of the PF-2 in the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL). As a result, we obtained the polarization degree P with very high accuracy P=0.9994{+-}0.0001(stat.){+-}0.0003(syst.), which meet our requirement significantly.

Assembly of the first model of MQXFS quadrupole magnet for Hi-Lumi

CERN Multimedia

AUTHOR|(CDS)2086825

2016-01-01

Building 927. Assembly of the first model of MQXFS quadrupole magnet for Hi-Lumi. The MQXF models are about 1.5 m long and are used to validate the design before start building the first long prototype. Two types of insertion quadrupoles will be built and installed in the LHC tunnel during LS3. LARP (US collaboration) will built MQXFA type (4.2 meters long) and MQXFB magnets (around 7 m long) will be built at CERN.

The development of compact magnetic quadrupoles for ILSE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faltens, A.; Mukherjee, S.; Brady, V.

1990-08-01

Magnetic focussing is selected for the 4 MeV to 10 MeV section of the Induction Linac Systems Experiments (ILSE) to study the transport of magnetically focussed spacecharge-dominated beams and to explore the engineering problems in accurate positioning of the magnetic fields in an array of quadrupoles. A prototype development program for such magnets is currently under way. A compact design was selected to decrease the overall accelerator diameter and its cost. The design evolved from a cosine 2θ current distribution, corrected for end effects. Current-dominated magnets are used in a pulsed mode to allow higher current densities compared to standard dc water-cooled conductors. The POISSON and MAFCO codes were used in the design of the magnets. The construction of the quadrupoles is aimed at achieving location accuracy of the magnetic center to within 1 mil (2.54 x 10 -5 m) of the mechanical center

A high gradient quadrupole magnet for the SSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, C.; Caspi, S.; Helm, M.; Mirk, K.; Peters, C.; Wandesforde, A.

1987-01-01

A quadrupole magnet for the SSC has been designed with a gradient of 234 T/m at 6500 A. Coil I.D. is 40 mm. The two-layer windings have 9 inner turns and 13 outer turns per pole with a wedge-shaped space in each layer. The 30-strand cable is identical to that used in the outer layer of the SSC dipole magnet. Interlocking aluminum alloy collars are compressed around the coil using a four-way press and are locked with four keys. The collared coil is supported and centered in a cold split iron yoke. A one-meter model was constructed and tested. Design details including quench behavior are presented. The quadrupole magnets proposed for the main SSC rings have a design gradient of 230 T/m. For one proposed 60 degree lattice cell, each 3-m long quad is separated by five 17-m long dipole magnets

A large-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for producing deposited cluster materials

CERN Document Server

Denby, P M

2000-01-01

A wide-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for metal clusters is described. Its performance has been evaluated by numerical calculations of the trajectories of clusters. Operating in the frequency range from 5 to 100 KHz allows one to separate clusters in the mass range from 30000 to 300000 AMU and by suitable choice of the AC and DC voltages one can obtain a resolution of 0.15. At this resolution the transmission of clusters from a source is 100% over the selected mass range. By biasing the quadrupole it has been possible to obtain a very sharp cut-off between the transmitted clusters and those outside the selected range. Trajectory calculation for clusters deposited onto a biased 2 cm diameter substrate show that it is possible to keep the deposition energy below 25 eV for 90% of the clusters when the quadrupole is itself biased.

A large-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for producing deposited cluster materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Denby, P.M.; Eastham, D.A. E-mail: d.a.eastham@dl.ac.uk

2000-03-01

A wide-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for metal clusters is described. Its performance has been evaluated by numerical calculations of the trajectories of clusters. Operating in the frequency range from 5 to 100 KHz allows one to separate clusters in the mass range from 30000 to 300000 AMU and by suitable choice of the AC and DC voltages one can obtain a resolution of 0.15. At this resolution the transmission of clusters from a source is 100% over the selected mass range. By biasing the quadrupole it has been possible to obtain a very sharp cut-off between the transmitted clusters and those outside the selected range. Trajectory calculation for clusters deposited onto a biased 2 cm diameter substrate show that it is possible to keep the deposition energy below 25 eV for 90% of the clusters when the quadrupole is itself biased.

A large-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for producing deposited cluster materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Denby, P.M.; Eastham, D.A.

2000-01-01

A wide-aperture, low-resolution quadrupole separator for metal clusters is described. Its performance has been evaluated by numerical calculations of the trajectories of clusters. Operating in the frequency range from 5 to 100 KHz allows one to separate clusters in the mass range from 30000 to 300000 AMU and by suitable choice of the AC and DC voltages one can obtain a resolution of 0.15. At this resolution the transmission of clusters from a source is 100% over the selected mass range. By biasing the quadrupole it has been possible to obtain a very sharp cut-off between the transmitted clusters and those outside the selected range. Trajectory calculation for clusters deposited onto a biased 2 cm diameter substrate show that it is possible to keep the deposition energy below 25 eV for 90% of the clusters when the quadrupole is itself biased

Design of the PEP-II Interaction Region Septum Quadrupole

Science.gov (United States)

Osborn, J.; Tanabe, J.; Yee, D.; Younger, F.

1997-05-01

The PEP-II QF2 magnet is one of the final focus quadrupoles for the Low-Energy Ring (LER) and utilizes a septum aperture to accommodate the adjacent High-Energy Ring (HER) beamline. The LER lattice design specification calls for an extremely high field quality for this magnet. A conventional water-cooled copper coil and laminated steel core design was selected to allow adjustment in the excitation. The close proximity between the LER and HER beamlines and the required integrated quadrupole strength result in a moderately high current density septum design. The QF2 magnets are imbedded in a confined region at each end of the BaBar detector, thus requiring a small magnet core cross section. Pole face windings are included in the QF2 design to buck the skew octupole term induced by the solenoidal fringe field that leaks out of the detector. Back-leg windings are included to buck a small dipole component induced by the lack of perfect quadrupole symmetry in this septum design. 2D pole contour optimization and 3D end chamfers are used to minimize harmonic errors; a separate permanent-magnet Harmonic Corrector Ring compensates for remaining field errors. The design methods and approach, 2D and 3D analyses, and the resulting expected magnet performance are described in this paper.

Design and fabrication of the prototype superconducting quadrupole for the CERN LHC project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baze, J.M.; Cacaut, D.; Jacquemin, J.P.; Lyraud, C.; Michez, C.; Pabot, Y.; Perot, J.; Rifflet, J.M.; Toussaint, J.C.; Vedrine, P.

1992-01-01

Within the framework of the LHC R and D program, CERN and CEA/Saclay have established a collaboration to carry out, amongst others, the design, building and testing of a superconducting LHC prototype quadrupole at the Saclay laboratory. The cold mass of this quadrupole is presently under construction at Saclay. The quadrupole design features a twin aperture configuration, a gradient design features a twin aperture configuration, a gradient of 250T/m, a length of 3m and a free coil aperture of 56mm. European industries participate in this project by delivering components and fabrication the tooling according to specifications prepared by Saclay. This paper gives details of the magnet design and construction. Coil winding will start in summer 1991 and the first prototype should be assembled and ready for testing by mid 1992

Tolerance analyses of a quadrupole magnet for advanced photon source upgrade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, J., E-mail: Jieliu@aps.anl.gov; Jaski, M., E-mail: jaski@aps.anl.gov; Borland, M., E-mail: borland@aps.anl.gov [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL60439 (United States); Jain, A., E-mail: jain@bnl.gov [Superconducting Magnet Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000. Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)

2016-07-27

Given physics requirements, the mechanical fabrication and assembly tolerances for storage ring magnets can be calculated using analytical methods [1, 2]. However, this method is not easy for complicated magnet designs [1]. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to determine fabrication and assembly tolerances consistent with physics requirements, through a combination of magnetic and mechanical tolerance analyses. In this study, finite element analysis using OPERA is conducted to estimate the effect of fabrication and assembly errors on the magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet and to determine the allowable tolerances to achieve the specified magnetic performances. Based on the study, allowable fabrication and assembly tolerances for the quadrupole assembly are specified for the mechanical design of the quadrupole magnet. Next, to achieve the required assembly level tolerances, mechanical tolerance stackup analyses using a 3D tolerance analysis package are carried out to determine the part and subassembly level fabrication tolerances. This method can be used to determine the tolerances for design of other individual magnets and of magnet strings.

Tolerance analyses of a quadrupole magnet for advanced photon source upgrade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, J.; Jaski, M.; Borland, M.; Jain, A.

2016-01-01

Given physics requirements, the mechanical fabrication and assembly tolerances for storage ring magnets can be calculated using analytical methods [1, 2]. However, this method is not easy for complicated magnet designs [1]. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to determine fabrication and assembly tolerances consistent with physics requirements, through a combination of magnetic and mechanical tolerance analyses. In this study, finite element analysis using OPERA is conducted to estimate the effect of fabrication and assembly errors on the magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet and to determine the allowable tolerances to achieve the specified magnetic performances. Based on the study, allowable fabrication and assembly tolerances for the quadrupole assembly are specified for the mechanical design of the quadrupole magnet. Next, to achieve the required assembly level tolerances, mechanical tolerance stackup analyses using a 3D tolerance analysis package are carried out to determine the part and subassembly level fabrication tolerances. This method can be used to determine the tolerances for design of other individual magnets and of magnet strings.

Performance of the LHC Arc Superconducting Quadrupoles Towards the End of their Series Fabrication

CERN Document Server

Tortschanoff, Theodor; Durante, M; Hagen, P; Klein, U; Krischel, D; Modena, M; Payn, A; Rossi, L; Sanfilippo, S; Schellong, B; Schirm, KM; Schmidt, P; Simon, F; Todesco, E; Wildner, E

2006-01-01

The fabrication of the 408 main arc quadrupole magnets and their cold masses will come to an end in summer 2006. A rich collection of measurement and test data has been accumulated and their analysis is presented in this paper. These data cover the fabrication and the efficiency in the use of the main components, the geometrical measurements and the achieved dimensional precision, the warm magnetic measurements in the factory and the performance at cold conditions, especially the training behaviour. The scrap rate of the Nb-Ti/Cu conductor as well as that of other components turned out to be acceptably low and the quench performance measured was in general very good. Most quadrupoles measured so far exceeded the operating field gradient with one or no quench. The multipole content at cold was measured for a limited number of quadrupoles in order to verify the warm-to-cold correlation. From the point of view of field quality, all quadrupoles could be accepted for the machine. The measures taken to overcome the...

Properties of superdeformed bands in the 151Tb nucleus studied with the EUROGAM French-British spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finck, Christian

1997-01-01

The subject of this thesis is the study of superdeformation (SD) of the atomic nucleus. In the mass region A ≅ 150 those nuclei have a quadrupole deformation of about 0.6. However, this value is an average and the microscopic structure reflected in the band configurations, affects this deformation. Determination of this value by electric quadrupole moment studies is particularly useful especially for the identical SD bands (SD bands belonging to neighbouring nuclei and having the same moment of inertia). Knowledge of the different quadrupole deformation should shed light on the competition between mass difference, spin alignment and deformation of the nucleus. The electric quadrupole moments are deduced from lifetime measurements of the SD states using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. Experimentally, one observes a variation in the electric quadrupole moments of the lowest SD states which suggests a gradual change of the nuclear deformation towards normal less deformed shapes. The deexcitation mechanism is poorly understood in the A ≅ 150 mass region due to lack of experimental information: up to now, no transition connecting the second and the first potential well has been observed for these SD states. Experimental studies of deexcitation patterns of SD bands are therefore crucial to fix the decay-out mechanism. Experimental data on the 151 Tb nucleus were collected via fusion-evaporation reaction, using the EUROGAM phase II array. (author)

Model of an LHC superconducting quadrupole magnet

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2000-01-01

Model of a superconducting quadrupole magnet for the LHC project. These magnets are used to focus the beam by squeezing it into a smaller cross-section, a similar effect to a lens focusing light. However, each magnet only focuses the beam in one direction so alternating magnet arrangements are required to produce a fully focused beam.

Beam determination of quadrupole misalignments and beam position monitor biases in the SLC linac

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavine, T.L.; Seeman, J.T.; Atwood, W.B.; Himel, T.M.; Petersen, A.; Adolphsen, C.E.

1988-09-01

Misalignments of magnetic quadrupoles and biases in beam position monitors (BPMs) in the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) linac can lead to a situation in which the beam is off-center in the disk-loaded waveguide accelerator structure. The off-center beam produces wakefields which can limit SLC performance by causing unacceptably large emittance growth. We present a general method for determining quadrupole misalignments and BPM biases in the SLC linac by using beam trajectory measurements. The method utilizes both electron and positron beams on opposite rf cycles in the same linac lattice to determine simultaneously magnetic quadrupole misalignments and BPM biases. The two-beam trajectory data may be acquired without interrupting SLC colliding beam operations. 2 refs., 5 figs

Simulation of a quadrupole resonator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleindienst, Raphael [Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (Germany)

2013-07-01

Modern particle accelerators often rely on superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology for accelerating cavities. In particular in CW operation, very high quality factors up into the high range are desirable, since one of the main cost drivers of such an accelerator, the cryogenic refrigeration plant, is inversely proportional to Q{sub 0}. Present day superconducting cavities are generally made of solid Niobium. A possibility to increase the quality factor as well as accelerating fields is to use thin film coated cavities. Apart from Niobium thin films, other superconducting materials, such as MgB{sub 2}, NbN and Nb{sub 3}Sn are promising candidates. Measuring and understanding the RF-properties of superconducting thin films, specifically the surface resistance, is needed to drive forward this development. Currently only few facilities exist capable of measuring the surface resistance of thin films samples with a resolution in the nano-ohm range at the operating frequency of typical cavities(e.g. L-band). A dedicated test stand consisting of a quadrupole resonator is therefore being constructed at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. This system is based on the 400 MHz quadrupole resonator at CERN, with the design adapted to 433 MHz (making available the higher harmonic mode at 1.3 GHz) and optimized with respect to resolution and maximum achievable fields using simulation data obtained with CST Microwave Studio as well as ANSYS. The simulated design is being manufactured. An outlook for future physics runs is given.

LHC interaction region quadrupole cryostat design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nicol, T.H.; Darve, Ch.; Huang, Y.; Page, T.M.

2002-01-01

The cryostat of a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Interaction Region (IR) quadrupole magnet consists of all components of the inner triplet except the magnet assembly itself. It serves to support the magnet accurately and reliably within the vacuum vessel, to house all required cryogenic piping, and to insulate the cold mass from heat radiated and conducted from the environment. It must function reliably during storage, shipping and handling, normal magnet operation, quenches, and seismic excitations, and must be able to be manufactured at low cost. The major components of the cryostat are the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation system, cryogenic piping, and suspension system. The overall design of a cryostat for superconducting accelerator magnets requires consideration of fluid flow, proper selection of materials for their thermal and structural performance at both ambient and operating temperature, and knowledge of the environment to which the magnets will be subjected over the course of their expected operating lifetime. This paper describes the current LHC IR inner triplet quadrupole magnet cryostats being designed and manufactured at Fermilab as part of the US-LHC collaboration, and includes discussions on the structural and thermal considerations involved in the development of each of the major systems

Engineering Design of Electrostatic Quadrupole for ISOL Beam Lines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, H. S.; Kwon, H. J.; Cho, Y. S.

2014-01-01

In the ISOL system, the RI beam should be transported from the target ion source to post accelerator through various analyzing and charge-breeding systems such as PS (pre-seperator), HRMS (High Resolution Mass Seperator), RF cooler and A/q separator. A reference particle for the beam dynamics calculation is 132 Sn 1+ . After charge breeder system, the charge state is boosted from +1 to +19 with ECR charge breeder and to +33 with EBIS charge breeder. Because the beam energy is as low as 50 keV, the electrostatic optics was adopted rather than the magnetic optics. The electrostatic quadrupole triplets were used for the beam focusing and the electrostatic bender is used for 90-degree bending. In this paper, the design procedure and engineering design of the electrostatic quadrupole are presented

Description of surface quadrupole oscillations of heated spherical nuclei in the Brownian-motion approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svin'in, I.R.

1982-01-01

The Brownian motion of a quadrupole quantum oscillator is considered as a model of surface quadrupole oscillations of heated spherical nuclei. The integrals of the motion related to energy and angular momentum conservation are constructed and the wave functions are obtained for states with definite values of these integrals of the motion in the phonon representation

Neutron-proton ratios of collective quadrupole matrix elements in even Fe and Cr isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antalik, R.

1989-01-01

M n /M p ratios are investigated within the QRPA framework for the low-lying quadrupole states and for isoscalar giant quadrupole resonances in 54,56,58 Fe and 50,52,54 Cr. Theoretical results for 2 l ? + states are in good agreement with empirical ones obtained from recent proton and pion inelastic scattering studies. 16 refs.; 3 tabs

Development of a totally computer-controlled triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wong, C.M.; Crawford, R.W.; Barton, V.C.; Brand, H.R.; Neufeld, K.W.; Bowman, J.E.

1983-01-01

A totally computer-controlled triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) is described. It has a number of unique features not available on current commercial instruments, including: complete computer control of source and all ion axial potentials; use of dual computers for data acquisition and data processing; and capability for self-adaptive control of experiments. Furthermore, it has been possible to produce this instrument at a cost significantly below that of commercial instruments. This triple quadrupole mass spectrometer has been constructed using components commercially available from several different manufacturers. The source is a standard Hewlett-Packard 5985B GC/MS source. The two quadrupole analyzers and the quadrupole CAD region contain Balzers QMA 150 rods with Balzers QMG 511 rf controllers for the analyzers and a Balzers QHS-511 controller for the CAD region. The pulsed-positive-ion-negative-ion-chemical ionization (PPINICI) detector is made by Finnigan Corporation. The mechanical and electronics design were developed at LLNL for linking these diverse elements into a functional TQMS as described. The computer design for total control of the system is unique in that two separate LSI-11/23 minicomputers and assorted I/O peripherals and interfaces from several manufacturers are used. The evolution of this design concept from totally computer-controlled instrumentation into future self-adaptive or ''expert'' systems for instrumental analysis is described. Operational characteristics of the instrument and initial results from experiments involving the analysis of the high explosive HMX (1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazacyclooctane) are presented

Working Around Cosmic Variance: Remote Quadrupole Measurements of the CMB

Science.gov (United States)

Adil, Arsalan; Bunn, Emory

2018-01-01

Anisotropies in the CMB maps continue to revolutionize our understanding of the Cosmos. However, the statistical interpretation of these anisotropies is tainted with a posteriori statistics. The problem is particularly emphasized for lower order multipoles, i.e. in the cosmic variance regime of the power spectrum. Naturally, the solution lies in acquiring a new data set – a rather difficult task given the sample size of the Universe.The CMB temperature, in theory, depends on: the direction of photon propagation, the time at which the photons are observed, and the observer’s location in space. In existing CMB data, only the first parameter varies. However, as first pointed out by Kamionkowski and Loeb, a solution lies in making the so-called “Remote Quadrupole Measurements” by analyzing the secondary polarization produced by incoming CMB photons via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. These observations allow us to measure the projected CMB quadrupole at the location and look-back time of a galaxy cluster.At low redshifts, the remote quadrupole is strongly correlated to the CMB anisotropy from our last scattering surface. We provide here a formalism for computing the covariance and relation matrices for both the two-point correlation function on the last scattering surface of a galaxy cluster and the cross correlation of the remote quadrupole with the local CMB. We then calculate these matrices based on a fiducial model and a non-standard model that suppresses power at large angles for ~104 clusters up to z=2. We anticipate to make a priori predictions of the differences between our expectations for the standard and non-standard models. Such an analysis is timely in the wake of the CMB S4 era which will provide us with an extensive SZ cluster catalogue.

Study of Nuclear Moments and Mean Square Charge Radii by Collinear Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

The collinear fast-beam laser technique is used to measure atomic hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of unstable nuclides produced at ISOLDE. This gives access to basic nuclear ground-state and isomeric-state properties such as spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, and the variation of the nuclear mean square charge radius within a sequence of isotopes. \\\\ \\\\ Among the various techniques used for this purpose, the present approach is of greatest versatility, due to the direct use of the beams from the isotope separator. Their phase-space properties are exploited to achieve high sensitivity and resolution. The optical spectra of neutral atoms are made accessible by converting the ion beams into fast atomic beams. This is accomplished in the charge-exchange cell which is kept at variable potential ($\\pm$10~kV) for Doppler-tuning of the effective laser wavelength. The basic optical resolution of 10$^{-8}$ requires a 10$^{-5}$ stability of the 60~kV main acceleration voltage and low energy ...

Development of formulation Q1As method for quadrupole noise prediction around a submerged cylinder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yo-Seb Choi

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Recent research has shown that quadrupole noise has a significant influence on the overall characteristics of flow-induced noise and on the performance of underwater appendages such as sonar domes. However, advanced research generally uses the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings analogy without considering the quadrupole source to reduce computational cost. In this study, flow-induced noise is predicted by using an LES turbulence model and a developed formulation, called the formulation Q1As method to properly take into account the quadrupole source. The noise around a circular cylinder in an underwater environment is examined for two cases with different velocities. The results from the method are compared to those obtained from the experiments and the permeable FW–H method. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, with a difference of less than 1 dB, which indicates that the formulation Q1As method is suitable for use in predicting quadrupole noise around underwater appendages.

MQXFS1 Quadrupole Fabrication Report

CERN Document Server

Ambrosio, G; Bossert, R; Cavanna, E; Cheng, D; Chlachidize, G; Cooley, L D; Dietderich, D; Felice, H; Ferracin, P; Ghosh, A; Hafalia, R; Holik, E F; Izquierdo Bermudez, S; Juchno, M; Krave, S; Marchevsky, M; Muratore, J; Nobrega, F; Pan, H; Perez, J C; Pong, I; Prestemon, S; Ravaioli, E; Sabbi, G L; Santini, C; Schmalzle, J; Schmalzle, J; Stoynev, S; Strauss, T; Vallone, G; Wanderer, P; Wang, X; Yu, M

2017-01-01

This report presents the fabrication and QC data of MQXFS1, the first short model of the low-beta quadrupoles (MQXF) for the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade. It describes the conductor, the coils, and the structure that make the MQXFS1 magnet. Qualification tests and non-conformities are also presented and discussed. The fabrication of MQXFS1 was started before the finalization of conductor and coil design for MQXF magnets. Two strand design were used (RRP 108/127 and RRP 132/169). Cable and coil cross-sections were “first generation”.

MQXFS1 Quadrupole Fabrication Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ambrosio, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Anerella, M. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Bossert, R. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Cavanna, E. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Cheng, D. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Chlachidize, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Cooley, L. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Dietderich, D. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Felice, H. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Ferracin, P. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Ghosh, A. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Hafalia, R. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Holik, E. F. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Bermudez, S. Izquierdo [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Juchno, M. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Krave, S. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Marchevsky, M. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Muratore, J. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Nobrega, F. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Pan, H. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Perez, J. C. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Pong, I. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Prestemon, S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Ravaioli, E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Sabbi, G. L. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Santini, C. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Schmalzle, J. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stoynev, S. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Strauss, T. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Vallone, G. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Wanderer, P. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Wang, X. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Yu, M. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

2017-07-16

This report presents the fabrication and QC data of MQXFS1, the first short model of the low-beta quadrupoles (MQXF) for the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade. It describes the conductor, the coils, and the structure that make the MQXFS1 magnet. Qualification tests and non-conformities are also presented and discussed. The fabrication of MQXFS1 was started before the finalization of conductor and coil design for MQXF magnets. Two strand design were used (RRP 108/127 and RRP 132/169). Cable and coil cross-sections were “first generation”.

Evolution of quadrupole and octupole collectivity north-east of $^{132}$ Sn: the even Te and Xe isotopes

CERN Multimedia

We propose to study excited states in isotopes north-east of the doubly-magic $^{132}$Sn by $\\gamma$-ray spectroscopy following "safe" Coulomb excitation. The experiment aims to the determine B(E2) and B(E3) values to follow the evolution of quadrupole and octupole collectivity when going away from the shell closures at Z = 50 and N = 82. The B(E2; 0$^+_{gs}$ $\\rightarrow$ 2$^+_{1}$) values in the even isotopes $^{138-144}$Xe have been measured at REX-ISOLDE and the systematic trend towards neutron-rich nuclei is well described even by an empirical Grodzins-type formula. An increasing dipole moment observed for $^{140,142}$Xe is interpreted as indirect signature of increasing octupole correlations peaking at N = 88. So far, no B(E3) values are known. In contrast to the Xe isotopes, the Te ones, in particular $^{136}$Te, are known for their notoriously irregular behaviour. In order to understand the nuclear structure also on a microscopic basis, the isotope $^{136}$Te with just one pair of protons and neutrons...

Series fabrication of the main quadrupole cold masses for the LHC begins

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

Three hundred and sixty main quadrupole (MQ) magnets will perform the principal beam focusing around the 27 km LHC ring. CERN and CEA-Saclay began collaborating on the development and prototyping of these magnets in 1989. This resulted in five highly successful quadrupole units - also known as short straight sections - one of which was integrated for testing in String 1, and two others of the final design in String 2. Once the tests had confirmed the validity of the design and realization, the fabrication of the 360 cold masses had to be transferred to industry.The German firm ACCEL Instruments was entrusted both with the construction of the quadrupole magnets themselves, and with their assembly into the cold masses together with various combinations of corrector magnets produced by other European manufacturers. Here we see the first of the cold masses containing the MQ magnet of the machine arcs together with two types of corrector magnet ready for shipping to CERN. Pictured with this first unit, delivered o...

Emittance measurements by variable quadrupole method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toprek, D.

2005-01-01

The beam emittance is a measure of both the beam size and beam divergence, we cannot directly measure its value. If the beam size is measured at different locations or under different focusing conditions such that different parts of the phase space ellipse will be probed by the beam size monitor, the beam emittance can be determined. An emittance measurement can be performed by different methods. Here we will consider the varying quadrupole setting method.

Magnetic and Engineering Analysis of an Adjustable Strength Permanent Magnet Quadrupole

CERN Document Server

Gottschalk, Stephen C

2005-01-01

Magnetic and engineering analyses used in the design of an adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole will be reported. The quadrupole designed has a pole length of 42cm, aperture diameter 13mm, peak pole tip strength 1.03Tesla and peak integrated gradient * length (GL) of 68.7Tesla. Analyses of magnetic strength, field quality, magnetic centerline, temperature compensation and dynamic eddy currents induced during field adjustments will be presented. Magnet sorting strategies, pole positioning sensitivity, component forces, and other sensitivity analyses will be presented. Engineering analyses of stress, deflection and thermal effects as well as compensation strategies will also be shown.

Engineering quadrupole magnetic flow sorting for the isolation of pancreatic islets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kennedy, David J. [IKOtech, LLC, 3130 Highland Avenue, 3rd Floor, Cincinnati, OH 45219-2374 (United States)]. E-mail: David.Kennedy@IKOtech.com; Todd, Paul [SHOT, Inc., Greenville, IN (United States); Logan, Sam [SHOT, Inc., Greenville, IN (United States); Becker, Matthew [SHOT, Inc., Greenville, IN (United States); Papas, Klearchos K. [Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Moore, Lee R. [Biomedical Engineering Department, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (United States)

2007-04-15

Quadrupole magnetic flow sorting (QMS) is being adapted from the separation of suspensions of single cells (<15 {mu}m) to the isolation of pancreatic islets (150-350 {mu}m) for transplant. To achieve this goal, the critical QMS components have been modeled and engineered to optimize the separation process. A flow channel has been designed, manufactured, and tested. The quadrupole magnet assembly has been designed and verified by finite element analysis. Pumps have been selected and verified by test. Test data generated from the pumps and flow channel demonstrate that the fabricated channel and peristaltic pumps fulfill the requirements of successful QMS separation.

Engineering quadrupole magnetic flow sorting for the isolation of pancreatic islets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kennedy, David J.; Todd, Paul; Logan, Sam; Becker, Matthew; Papas, Klearchos K.; Moore, Lee R.

2007-01-01

Quadrupole magnetic flow sorting (QMS) is being adapted from the separation of suspensions of single cells (<15 μm) to the isolation of pancreatic islets (150-350 μm) for transplant. To achieve this goal, the critical QMS components have been modeled and engineered to optimize the separation process. A flow channel has been designed, manufactured, and tested. The quadrupole magnet assembly has been designed and verified by finite element analysis. Pumps have been selected and verified by test. Test data generated from the pumps and flow channel demonstrate that the fabricated channel and peristaltic pumps fulfill the requirements of successful QMS separation

ISR Superconducting Quadrupole Prototype:preparing the first test

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1976-01-01

The photo shows the first prototype quadrupole (still with an adjustable stainless steel shrinking cylinder) being lifted to be inserted in a vertical cryostat for testing. It attained the design field gradient without any quench.The persons are Pierre Rey and Michel Bouvier. See also 7702690X.

Adjustable permanent quadrupoles for the next linear collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volk, James T.

2001-01-01

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 138 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 141 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 to -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micron during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. Four different prototypes have been built. All magnets have iron poles and use Samarium Cobalt to provide the magnetic fields. Two use rotating permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient, one uses a sliding shunt to vary the gradient and the fourth uses counter rotating magnets. Preliminary data on gradient strength, temperature stability, and magnetic center position stability are presented. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnetic prototype

Performance of an Adjustable Strength Permanent Magnet Quadrupole

CERN Document Server

Gottschalk, Stephen C; Kangas, Kenneth; Spencer, Cherrill M; Volk, James T

2005-01-01

An adjustable strength permanent magnet quadrupole suitable for use in Next Linear Collider has been built and tested. The pole length is 42cm, aperture diameter 13mm, peak pole tip strength 1.03Tesla and peak integrated gradient * length (GL) is 68.7 Tesla. This paper describes measurements of strength, magnetic centerline and field quality made using an air bearing rotating coil system. The magnetic centerline stability during -20% strength adjustment proposed for beam based alignment was < 0.2 microns. Strength hysteresis was negligible. Thermal expansion of quadrupole and measurement parts caused a repeatable and easily compensated change in the vertical magnetic centerline. Calibration procedures as well as centerline measurements made over a wider tuning range of 100% to 20% in strength useful for a wide range of applications will be described. The impact of eddy currents in the steel poles on the magnetic field during strength adjustments will be reported.

Adjustable Permanent Quadrupoles for the Next Linear Collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spencer, Cherrill M

2001-01-01

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 138 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 141 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 to - 20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micron during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. Four different prototypes have been built. All magnets have iron poles and use Samarium Cobalt to provide the magnetic fields. Two use rotating permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient, one uses a sliding shunt to vary the gradient and the fourth uses counter rotating magnets. Preliminary data on gradient strength, temperature stability, and magnetic center position stability are presented. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnetic prototype

A Tandem-electrostatic-quadrupole for accelerator-based BNCT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kreiner, A.J.; Kwan, J.W.; Burlon, A.A.; Di Paolo, H.; Henestroza, E.; Minsky, D.M.; Valda, A.A.; Debray, M.E.; Somacal, H.

2007-01-01

A project to develop a Tandem-electrostatic-quadrupole (TESQ) accelerator for accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) is described. A folded Tandem, with 1.25 MV terminal voltage, combined with an electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) chain is being proposed. The project goal is a machine capable of delivering 30 mA of 2.5 MeV protons to be used in conjunction with a neutron production target based on the 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be reaction slightly beyond its resonance at 2.25 MeV. This machine is conceptually shown to be capable of accelerating a 30 mA proton beam to 2.5 MeV. These are the specifications needed to produce sufficiently intense and clean epithermal neutron beams, based on the 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be reaction, to perform BNCT treatment for deep-seated tumors in less than an hour. This electrostatic machine is the technologically simplest and cheapest solution for optimized AB-BNCT

Design, fabrication, and calibration of a cryogenic search-coil array for harmonic analysis of quadrupole magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, M.I.; Barale, P.J.; Hassenzahl, W.V.; Nelson, D.H.; O'Neill, J.W.; Schafer, R.V.; Taylor, C.E.

1987-09-01

A cryogenic search-coil array has been fabricated at LBL for harmonic error analysis of SSC model quadrupoles. It consists of three triplets of coils; the center-coil triplet is 10 cm long, and the end coil triplets are 70 cm long. Design objectives are a high bucking ratio for the dipole and quadrupole signals and utility at cryogenic operating currents (∼6 kA) with sufficient sensitivity for use at room-temperature currents (∼10 A). the design and fabrication are described. Individual coils are mechanically measured to +-5 μm, and their magnetic areas measured to 0.05%. A computer program has been developed to predict the quadrupole and dipole bucking ratios from the mechanical and magnetic measurements. The calibration procedure and accuracy of the array are specified. Results of measurements of SSC model quadrupoles are presented. 1 ref., 4 figs

Microscopic study of low-lying yrast spectra and deformation systematics of even-even barium isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarswat, S.P.; Bharti, Arun; Khosa, S.K.

1996-01-01

The yrast spectra has been obtained in the variation-after-projection framework using pairing-plus-quadrupole- quadrupole model for the two body interaction. Besides the low-lying yrast spectra, the calculated values of intrinsic quadrupole moments of some of the barium isotopes i.e. 124-134 Ba are presented

Multi-moment maps

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Swann, Andrew Francis; Madsen, Thomas Bruun

2012-01-01

We introduce a notion of moment map adapted to actions of Lie groups that preserve a closed three-form. We show existence of our multi-moment maps in many circumstances, including mild topological assumptions on the underlying manifold. Such maps are also shown to exist for all groups whose second...

Materials for Hydrogen Storage in Nanocavities: Design criteria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reguera, E. [Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada del IPN, Unidad Legaria, Legaria 694, Col. Irrigacion (Mexico)

2009-11-15

The adsorption potential for a given adsorbate depends of both, material surface and adsorbate properties. In this contribution the possible guest-host interactions for H{sub 2} within a cavity or on a surface are discussed considering the molecule physical properties. Five different interactions contribute to the adsorption forces for this molecule: 1) quadrupole moment interaction with the local electric field gradient; 1) electron cloud polarization by a charge center; 3) dispersive forces (van der Waals); 4) quadrupole moment versus quadrupole moment between neighboring H{sub 2} molecules, and, 5) H{sub 2} coordination to a metal center. The relative importance of these five interactions for the hydrogen storage in nanocavities is discussed from experimental evidences in order to extract materials design criteria for molecular hydrogen storage. (author)

Experimental study of muonic x-ray transitions in mercury isotopes. [Fermi distribution, B(E2)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hahn, A.A.; Miller, J.P.; Powers, R.J.; Zehnder, A.; Rushton, A.M.; Welsh, R.E.; Kunselman, A.R.; Roberson, P.; Walter, H.K.

1978-01-01

Muonic x-ray spectra were measured for /sup 198/ /sup 199/ /sup 200/ /sup 201/ /sup 202/ and /sup 204/Hg. These data were interpreted in terms of a two parameter Fermi distribution for the charge density. The spectroscopic quadrupole moments (Q/sub s/) of some of the 2/sup +/ nuclear states were inferred. For /sup 199/Hg the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the first two excited states and the B(E2)'s connecting these states to the ground state were determined. For /sup 201/Hg the ground state quadrupole moment was obtained as well as several other E2 moments but the interpretation of the data was hampered by a possible incomplete knowledge of the nuclear scheme of this nucleus. The muonic isotope shifts were measured and interpreted in terms of deltaR/sub k/ and are compared to electronic x-ray and optical isotope shift measurements. 41 references

ELECTRON TRAPPING IN WIGGLER AND QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS OF CESRTA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Lanfa

2010-01-01

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has been reconfigured as an ultra low emittance damping ring for use as a test accelerator (CesrTA) for International Linear Collider (ILC) damping ring R and D (1). One of the primary goals of the CesrTA program is to investigate the interaction of the electron cloud with low emittance positron beam to explore methods to suppress the electron cloud, develop suitable advanced instrumentation required for these experimental studies and benchmark predictions by simulation codes. This paper reports the simulation of the electron-cloud formation in the wiggler and quadrupole magnets using the 3D code CLOUDLAND. We found that electrons can be trapped with long lifetime in a quadrupole magnet due to the mirror field trapping mechanism and photoelectrons produced in the wiggler zero field zone have long lifetime due to their complicated trajectory.

Optimization on the end-shaping of a quadrupole magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumada, M.; Sasaki, H.; Someya, H.; Sakai, I.

1983-01-01

In order to achieve the widest possible aperture of accelerator magnets, end-shaping is a well known method. To do this one has to deal with the three-dimensional fringe field inherent to each geometry. This may be done experimentally by a cut-and-try method or theoretically by a three-dimensional computer code. In any case, considerable time has to be consumed if one wants to get a conclusion which is as general as possible and which is useful in designing magnets. Fringe field optimization on the end-shaping of the conventional quadrupole magnet was done by a cut-and-try method, where a very simple geometry of the end pole was chosen to get a general conclusion. The 'cut-out ratio diagram' given as a conclusion is useful to designers of the conventional quadrupole magnet. (orig.)

Contamination measurements with quadrupole mass spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bohatka, S.; Berecz, I.; Langer, G.

1981-01-01

A sensitive quadrupole mass spectrometer of our own construction was used for different purity measurements. The analysis of gases in operating rooms showed a 1 ppm-10 5 ppm concentration of narcotics and helped to develop an effective and cheap method for regenerating narcotic filters. We regularly control the gases used in radioactive pollution measurements by internal GM counters and in radiocarbon dating technique. Combustion products and the gases of a fermenter are investigated for industrial application. (orig.) [de

Effects of the racket polar moment of inertia on dominant upper limb joint moments during tennis serve.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogowski, Isabelle; Creveaux, Thomas; Chèze, Laurence; Macé, Pierre; Dumas, Raphaël

2014-01-01

This study examined the effect of the polar moment of inertia of a tennis racket on upper limb loading in the serve. Eight amateur competition tennis players performed two sets of 10 serves using two rackets identical in mass, position of center of mass and moments of inertia other than the polar moment of inertia (0.00152 vs 0.00197 kg.m2). An eight-camera motion analysis system collected the 3D trajectories of 16 markers, located on the thorax, upper limbs and racket, from which shoulder, elbow and wrist net joint moments and powers were computed using inverse dynamics. During the cocking phase, increased racket polar moment of inertia was associated with significant increases in the peak shoulder extension and abduction moments, as well the peak elbow extension, valgus and supination moments. During the forward swing phase, peak wrist extension and radial deviation moments significantly increased with polar moment of inertia. During the follow-through phase, the peak shoulder adduction, elbow pronation and wrist external rotation moments displayed a significant inverse relationship with polar moment of inertia. During the forward swing, the magnitudes of negative joint power at the elbow and wrist were significantly larger when players served using the racket with a higher polar moment of inertia. Although a larger polar of inertia allows players to better tolerate off-center impacts, it also appears to place additional loads on the upper extremity when serving and may therefore increase injury risk in tennis players.

An extended magnetic quadrupole lens for a high-resolution nuclear microprobe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breese, M.B.H. E-mail: m.breese@surrey.ac.uk; Grime, G.W.; Linford, W.; Harold, M

1999-09-02

This paper describes the design requirements and initial performance of a new style of magnetic quadrupole lens for use in a high-resolution nuclear microprobe, which is presently being constructed in Oxford. Such a microprobe necessitates the use of a small image distance from the exit face of the final quadrupole lens to the image plane in order to produce a large demagnification. This means that the final lens should be as close to the sample chamber as possible. However, with conventional magnetic quadrupoles the current-carrying coils protrude by a typical distance of 10-20 mm beyond the pole face, thereby significantly limiting the minimum image distance. The approach taken here is to recess the coils into the body of the lens, so that they are almost flush with the pole pieces and lens yoke, enabling an image distance of 55 mm. Three-dimensional magnetic field calculations within this lens structure predict that the field in the extended pole piece 'nose' region is only slightly less than that in the main lens body. Experimental field profiles, measured using a Hall probe, are used to confirm these calculations.

An extended magnetic quadrupole lens for a high-resolution nuclear microprobe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Breese, M.B.H.; Grime, G.W.; Linford, W.; Harold, M.

1999-01-01

This paper describes the design requirements and initial performance of a new style of magnetic quadrupole lens for use in a high-resolution nuclear microprobe, which is presently being constructed in Oxford. Such a microprobe necessitates the use of a small image distance from the exit face of the final quadrupole lens to the image plane in order to produce a large demagnification. This means that the final lens should be as close to the sample chamber as possible. However, with conventional magnetic quadrupoles the current-carrying coils protrude by a typical distance of 10-20 mm beyond the pole face, thereby significantly limiting the minimum image distance. The approach taken here is to recess the coils into the body of the lens, so that they are almost flush with the pole pieces and lens yoke, enabling an image distance of 55 mm. Three-dimensional magnetic field calculations within this lens structure predict that the field in the extended pole piece 'nose' region is only slightly less than that in the main lens body. Experimental field profiles, measured using a Hall probe, are used to confirm these calculations

A comparison of ray-tracing software for the design of quadrupole microbeam systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Incerti, S.; Smith, R.W.; Merchant, M.; Grime, G.W.; Meot, F.; Serani, L.; Moretto, Ph.; Touzeau, C.; Barberet, Ph.; Habchi, C.; Nguyen, D.T.

2005-01-01

For many years the only ray-tracing software available with sufficient precision for the design of quadrupole microbeam focusing systems has been OXRAY and its successor TRAX, developed at Oxford in the 1980s. With the current interest in pushing the beam diameter into the nanometre region, this software has become dated and more importantly the precision at small displacements may not be sufficient and new simulation tools are required. Two candidates for this are Zgoubi, developed at CEA as a general beam line design tool and the CERN simulation program Geant in its latest version Geant4. In order to use Geant4 new quadrupole field modules have been developed and implemented. In this paper the capabilities of the three codes TRAX, Zgoubi and Geant4 are reviewed. Comparisons of ray-tracing calculations in a high demagnification quadrupole probe-forming system for the sub-micron region are presented

Superconducting quadrupoles for the SLC final focus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erickson, R.; Fieguth, T.; Murray, J.J.

1987-01-01

The final focus system of the SLC will be upgraded by replacing the final quadrupoles with higher gradient superconducting magnets positioned closer to the interaction point. The parameters of the new system have been chosen to be compatible with the experimental detectors with a minimum of changes to other final focus components. These parameter choices are discussed along with the expected improvement in SLC performance

Superconducting quadrupoles for the SLC final focus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erickson, R.; Fieguth, T.; Murray, J.J.

1987-01-01

The final focus system of the SLC will be upgraded by replacing the final quadrupoles with higher gradient supperconducting magnets positioned closer to the interaction point. The parameters of the new system have been chosen to be compatible with the experimental detectors with a minimum of changes to other final focus components. These parameter choices are discussed along with the expected improvement in SLC performance

Hydrogen isotope analysis by quadrupole mass spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellefson, R.E.; Moddeman, W.E.; Dylla, H.F.

1981-03-01

The analysis of isotopes of hydrogen (H, D, T) and helium ( 3 He, 4 He) and selected impurities using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) has been investigated as a method of measuring the purity of tritium gas for injection into the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). A QMS was used at low resolution, m/Δm 3 He, and 4 He in HT/D 2

Direct trace analysis of metals and alloys in a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer

CERN Document Server

Song, K S; Yang, M; Cha, H K; Lee, J M; Lee, G H

1999-01-01

An ion-trap mass spectrometer adopting a quadrupole ion-trap and laser ablation/ionization method was constructed. The developed system was tested for composition analysis of some metals (Cu, stainless), and alloys (hastalloy C, mumetal) by mass spectrometry. Samples were analyzed by using laser ablation from a sample probe tip followed by a mass analysis with the quadrupole ion-trap. The quadrupole ion-trap was modified to enable laser ablation by a XeCl excimer laser pulse that passed radially through the ring electrode. A mass scan of the produced ions was performed in the mass selective instability mode wherein trapped ions were successively detected by increasing the rf voltage through the ring electrode. Factors affecting the mass resolution, such as pressure of buffer gas and ablation laser power, are discussed.

Effects of the racket polar moment of inertia on dominant upper limb joint moments during tennis serve.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabelle Rogowski

Full Text Available This study examined the effect of the polar moment of inertia of a tennis racket on upper limb loading in the serve. Eight amateur competition tennis players performed two sets of 10 serves using two rackets identical in mass, position of center of mass and moments of inertia other than the polar moment of inertia (0.00152 vs 0.00197 kg.m2. An eight-camera motion analysis system collected the 3D trajectories of 16 markers, located on the thorax, upper limbs and racket, from which shoulder, elbow and wrist net joint moments and powers were computed using inverse dynamics. During the cocking phase, increased racket polar moment of inertia was associated with significant increases in the peak shoulder extension and abduction moments, as well the peak elbow extension, valgus and supination moments. During the forward swing phase, peak wrist extension and radial deviation moments significantly increased with polar moment of inertia. During the follow-through phase, the peak shoulder adduction, elbow pronation and wrist external rotation moments displayed a significant inverse relationship with polar moment of inertia. During the forward swing, the magnitudes of negative joint power at the elbow and wrist were significantly larger when players served using the racket with a higher polar moment of inertia. Although a larger polar of inertia allows players to better tolerate off-center impacts, it also appears to place additional loads on the upper extremity when serving and may therefore increase injury risk in tennis players.

Drive Beam Quadrupoles for the CLIC Project: a Novel Method of Fiducialisation and a New Micrometric Adjustment System

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(SzGeCERN)411678; Duquenne, Mathieu; Sandomierski, Jacek; Sosin, Mateusz; Rude, Vivien

2014-01-01

This paper presents a new method of fiducialisation applied to determine the magnetic axis of the Drive Beam quadrupole of the CLIC project with respect to external alignment fiducials, within a micrometric accuracy and precision. It introduces also a new micrometric adjustment system along 5 Degrees of Freedom, developed for the same Drive Beam quadrupole. The combination of both developments opens very interesting perspectives to get a more simple and accurate alignment of the quadrupoles.

Analysis of scaled-factorial-moment data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seibert, D.

1990-01-01

We discuss the two standard constructions used in the search for intermittency, the exclusive and inclusive scaled factorial moments. We propose the use of a new scaled factorial moment that reduces to the exclusive moment in the appropriate limit and is free of undesirable multiplicity correlations that are contained in the inclusive moment. We show that there are some similarities among most of the models that have been proposed to explain factorial-moment data, and that these similarities can be used to increase the efficiency of testing these models. We begin by calculating factorial moments from a simple independent-cluster model that assumes only approximate boost invariance of the cluster rapidity distribution and an approximate relation among the moments of the cluster multiplicity distribution. We find two scaling laws that are essentially model independent. The first scaling law relates the moments to each other with a simple formula, indicating that the different factorial moments are not independent. The second scaling law relates samples with different rapidity densities. We find evidence for much larger clusters in heavy-ion data than in light-ion data, indicating possible spatial intermittency in the heavy-ion events

Properties of superdeformed bands in the {sup 151}Tb nucleus studied with the EUROGAM French-British spectrometer; Proprietes des bandes superdeformees dans le noyau de {sup 151}Tb etudiees avec le spectrometre franco-britannique EUROGAM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Finck, Christian [Centre de Recherches Nucleaires de Strasbourg-Cronenbourg, 67 (France)

1997-04-24

The subject of this thesis is the study of superdeformation (SD) of the atomic nucleus. In the mass region A {approx_equal} 150 those nuclei have a quadrupole deformation of about 0.6. However, this value is an average and the microscopic structure reflected in the band configurations, affects this deformation. Determination of this value by electric quadrupole moment studies is particularly useful especially for the identical SD bands (SD bands belonging to neighbouring nuclei and having the same moment of inertia). Knowledge of the different quadrupole deformation should shed light on the competition between mass difference, spin alignment and deformation of the nucleus. The electric quadrupole moments are deduced from lifetime measurements of the SD states using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. Experimentally, one observes a variation in the electric quadrupole moments of the lowest SD states which suggests a gradual change of the nuclear deformation towards normal less deformed shapes. The deexcitation mechanism is poorly understood in the A {approx_equal} 150 mass region due to lack of experimental information: up to now, no transition connecting the second and the first potential well has been observed for these SD states. Experimental studies of deexcitation patterns of SD bands are therefore crucial to fix the decay-out mechanism. Experimental data on the {sup 151}Tb nucleus were collected via fusion-evaporation reaction, using the EUROGAM phase II array. (author) 121 refs., 61 figs., 22 tabs.

Quenching of spin-flip quadrupole transitions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castel, B.; Blunden, P.; Okuhara, Y.

1985-01-01

An increasing amount of experimental data indicates that spin-flip quadrupole transitions exhibit quenching effects similar to those reported earlier in (p,n) reactions involving l = 0 and l = 1 transitions. We present here two model calculations suggesting that the E2 spin-flip transitions are more affected than their M1 and M3 counterparts by the tensor and spin-orbit components of the nuclear force and should exhibit the largest quenching. We also review the experimental evidence corroborating our observations

Series fabrication of the main quadrupole cold masses for the LHC begins

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

Three hundred and sixty main quadrupole (MQ) magnets will perform the principal beam focusing around the 27 km LHC ring. CERN and CEA-Saclay began collaborating on the development and prototyping of these magnets in 1989. This resulted in five highly successful quadrupole units - also known as short straight sections - one of which was integrated for testing in String 1, and two others of the final design in String 2. Once the tests had confirmed the validity of the design and realization, the fabrication of the 360 cold masses had to be transferred to industry.The German firm ACCEL Instruments was entrusted both with the construction of the quadrupole magnets themselves, and with their assembly into the cold masses together with various combinations of corrector magnets produced by other European manufacturers. Here we see the first of the cold masses containing the MQ magnet of the machine arcs together with two types of corrector magnet ready for shipping to CERN. This first unit was delivered on 12 Februa...

Effect of a serrated trailing edge on sound radiation from nearby quadrupoles.

Science.gov (United States)

Karimi, Mahmoud; Croaker, Paul; Kinns, Roger; Kessissoglou, Nicole

2017-05-01

A periodic boundary element technique is implemented to study the noise reduction capability of a plate with a serrated trailing edge under quadrupole excitation. It is assumed for this purpose that the quadrupole source tensor is independent of the trailing edge configuration and that the effect of the trailing edge shape is to modify sound radiation from prescribed boundary layer sources. The flat plate is modelled as a continuous structure with a finite repetition of small spanwise segments. The matrix equation formulated by the periodic boundary element method for this 3D acoustic scattering problem is represented as a block Toeplitz matrix. The discrete Fourier transform is employed in an iterative algorithm to solve the block Toeplitz system. The noise reduction mechanism for a serrated trailing edge in the near field is investigated by comparing contour plots obtained from each component of the quadrupole for unserrated and serrated trailing edge plate models. The noise reduction due to the serrated trailing edge is also examined as a function of the source location.

Stabilisation and precision pointing quadrupole magnets in the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)

CERN Document Server

Janssens, Stef; Linde, Frank; van den Brand, Jo; Bertolini, Alessandro; Artoos, Kurt

This thesis describes the research done to provide stabilisation and precision positioning for the main beam quadrupole magnets of the Compact Linear Collider CLIC. The introduction describes why new particle accelerators are needed to further the knowledge of our universe and why they are linear. A proposed future accelerator is the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) which consists of a novel two beam accelerator concept. Due to its linearity and subsequent single pass at the interaction point, this new accelerator requires a very small beam size at the interaction point, in order to increase collision effectiveness. One of the technological challenges, to obtain these small beam sizes at the interaction point, is to keep the quadrupole magnets aligned and stable to 1.5 nm integrated r.m.s. in vertical and 5 nm integrated root mean square (r.m.s.) in lateral direction. Additionally there is a proposal to create an intentional offset (max. 50 nm every 20 ms with a precision of +/- 1 nm), for several quadrupole ma...

Design and fabrication of the prototype superconducting tuning quadrupole and octupole correction winding for the LHC project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perin, R.; Siegel, N.; Bidaurrazaga, H.; Garcia Tabares, L.

1992-01-01

CERN is preparing for the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be installed in the LEP tunnel. The magnetic lattice of the LHC will consist of a ring of twin aperture dipoles and quadrupoles, connected electrically in series. To adjust the working point of the machine, so called tuning quadrupoles will be installed in pairs in each regular cell, next to the main quadrupoles. Also, to correct multipolar field errors in the LHC, an octupole correction winding is required near each lattice quadrupole. A nested construction of these two magnets is foreseen. As part of the LHC R and D program, CERN and ACICA (a group of five Spanish industries: Abengoz, Canzler, Indar, Cenemesa and AME; since June 1990 Cenemesa is part of ABB Spain), signed a common development agreement for the design, fabrication and testing of a prototype tuning quadrupole and octupole corrector. This paper describes the design of these magnets, giving details of magnetic and mechanical calculations, including results from existing and specially developed computer codes, and model work. Further, the construction procedures are described, including the facilities and tooling developed by ACICA for this work

THERMAL TIDES IN FLUID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arras, Phil; Socrates, Aristotle

2010-01-01

Asynchronous rotation and orbital eccentricity lead to time-dependent irradiation of the close-in gas giant exoplanets-the hot Jupiters. This time-dependent surface heating gives rise to fluid motions which propagate throughout the planet. We investigate the ability of this 'thermal tide' to produce a quadrupole moment which can couple to the stellar gravitational tidal force. While previous investigations discussed planets with solid surfaces, here we focus on entirely fluid planets in order to understand gas giants with small cores. The Coriolis force, thermal diffusion, and self-gravity of the perturbations are ignored for simplicity. First, we examine the response to thermal forcing through analytic solutions of the fluid equations which treat the forcing frequency as a small parameter. In the 'equilibrium tide' limit of zero frequency, fluid motion is present but does not induce a quadrupole moment. In the next approximation, finite frequency corrections to the equilibrium tide do lead to a nonzero quadrupole moment, the sign of which torques the planet away from synchronous spin. We then numerically solve the boundary value problem for the thermally forced, linear response of a planet with neutrally stratified interior and a stably stratified envelope. The numerical results find quadrupole moments in agreement with the analytic non-resonant result at a sufficiently long forcing period. Surprisingly, in the range of forcing periods of 1-30 days, the induced quadrupole moments can be far larger than the analytic result due to response of internal gravity waves which propagate in the radiative envelope. We discuss the relevance of our results for the spin, eccentricity, and thermal evolution of hot Jupiters.

Level spectra, electromagnetic moments and transition rates and spectroscopic factors for odd rhodium isotopes in the Coriolis coupling model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bredbacka, A.; Brenner, M.; Malik, F.B.; Aabo Akademi, Turku

1989-01-01

Properties of low-lying positive- and negative-parity states of 97,99,101,103,105,107,109 Rh at low excitation energies have been analyzed in terms of a Coriolis coupling model. The model can account for the general trend of the level schemes for states of both parties. In particular, the 9/2, 7/2, and 5/2 triplet near the ground state, the occurrence of multiple 13/2 and at least one 15/2 and 19/2 state of positive parity are reasonably reproduced by the model. Similarly, 1/2 ground-state spin followed by a (3/2, 5/2) doublet, and one or more 13/2 and 17/2 states of negative parity are adequately understood in terms of the model. The calculated electromagnetic dipole and quadrupole moments and magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transition rates are in broad agreement with the observed ones. This is achieved without the use of any effective charge. The general trend of observed spectroscopic factors for pick-up reactions is in agreement with the calculated ones. The results are presented as a function of deformation. Because of the sparsity of data on many of these isotopes, no attempt has been made to find the best fit for each isotope individually. Since the model can reasonably reproduce the general trend of level schemes, electromagnetic properties and spectroscopic factors, one may conclude that the Coriolis coupling model provides a good description of the nuclear properties of these isotopes. (orig.)

Nuclear moments, spins and charge radii of copper isotopes from N=28 to N=50 by collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy

CERN Document Server

2002-01-01

We aim at establishing an unambiguous spin determination of the ground and isomeric states in the neutron rich Cu-isotopes from A=72 up to A=78 and to measure the magnetic and quadrupole moments between the N=28 and N=50 shell closures. This study will provide information on the double-magicity of $^{56}$Ni and $^{78}$Ni, both at the extremes of nuclear stability. It will provide evidence on the suggested inversion of ground state spin around A$\\approx$74, due to the monopole migration of the $\\pi f_{5/2}$ level. The collinear laser spectroscopy technique will be used, which furthermore provides information on the changes in mean square charge radii between both neutron shell closures, probing a possible onset of deformation in this region.

Simple expressions of the nuclear relaxation rate enhancement due to quadrupole nuclei in slowly tumbling molecules

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fries, Pascal H., E-mail: pascal-h.fries@cea.fr [Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, RICC, F-38000 Grenoble (France); CEA, INAC-SCIB, RICC, F-38000 Grenoble (France); Belorizky, Elie [Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble (France); CEA, Leti-Clinatec, F-38000 Grenoble (France)

2015-07-28

For slowly tumbling entities or quasi-rigid lattices, we derive very simple analytical expressions of the quadrupole relaxation enhancement (QRE) of the longitudinal relaxation rate R{sub 1} of nuclear spins I due to their intramolecular magnetic dipolar coupling with quadrupole nuclei of arbitrary spins S ≥ 1. These expressions are obtained by using the adiabatic approximation for evaluating the time evolution operator of the quantum states of the quadrupole nuclei S. They are valid when the gyromagnetic ratio of the spin S is much smaller than that of the spin I. The theory predicts quadrupole resonant peaks in the dispersion curve of R{sub 1} vs magnetic field. The number, positions, relative intensities, Lorentzian shapes, and widths of these peaks are explained in terms of the following properties: the magnitude of the quadrupole Hamiltonian and the asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient (EFG) acting on the spin S, the S-I inter-spin orientation with respect to the EFG principal axes, the rotational correlation time of the entity carrying the S–I pair, and/or the proper relaxation time of the spin S. The theory is first applied to protein amide protons undergoing dipolar coupling with fast-relaxing quadrupole {sup 14}N nuclei and mediating the QRE to the observed bulk water protons. The theoretical QRE agrees well with its experimental counterpart for various systems such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and cartilages. The anomalous behaviour of the relaxation rate of protons in synthetic aluminium silicate imogolite nano-tubes due to the QRE of {sup 27}Al (S = 5/2) nuclei is also explained.

Adjustable Permanent Quadrupoles Using Rotating Magnet Material Rods for the Next Linear Collider.

CERN Document Server

Spencer, C M

2002-01-01

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 132 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 135 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micrometer during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce estimated costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. All magnets have iron poles and use either Samarium Cobalt or Neodymium Iron to provide the magnetic fields. Two prototypes use rotating rods containing permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient. Gradient changes of 20% and center shifts of less than 20 microns have been measured. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnet prototype. See High Reliability Prototype Quadrupole for the Next Linear Collider by C.E Rago, C.M SPENC...

The gravitational polarization in general relativity: solution to Szekeres' model of quadrupole polarization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montani, Giovanni; Ruffini, Remo; Zalaletdinov, Roustam

2003-01-01

A model for the static weak-field macroscopic medium is analysed and the equation for the macroscopic gravitational potential is derived. This is a biharmonic equation which is a non-trivial generalization of the Poisson equation of Newtonian gravity. In the case of strong gravitational quadrupole polarization, it essentially holds inside a macroscopic matter source. Outside the source the gravitational potential fades away exponentially. The equation is equivalent to a system of the Poisson equation and the non-homogeneous modified Helmholtz equations. The general solution to this system is obtained by using the Green function method and it is not limited to Newtonian gravity. In the case of insignificant gravitational quadrupole polarization, the equation for macroscopic gravitational potential becomes the Poisson equation with the matter density renormalized by a factor including the value of the quadrupole gravitational polarization of the source. The general solution to this equation obtained by using the Green function method is limited to Newtonian gravity

First Test Results of the 150 mm Aperture IR Quadrupole Models for the High Luminosity LHC

CERN Document Server

Ambrosio, G; Wanderer, P; Ferracin, P; Sabbi, G

2017-01-01

The High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN will use large aperture (150 mm) quadrupole magnets to focus the beams at the interaction points. The high field in the coils requires Nb$_{3}$Sn superconductor technology, which has been brought to maturity by the LHC Accelerator Re-search Program (LARP) over the last 10 years. The key design targets for the new IR quadrupoles were established in 2012, and fabrication of model magnets started in 2014. This paper discusses the results from the first single short coil test and from the first short quadrupole model test. Remaining challenges and plans to address them are also presented and discussed.

First Test Results of the 150 mm Aperture IR Quadrupole Models for the High Luminosity LHC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ambrosio, G. [Fermilab; Chlachidze, G. [Fermilab; Wanderer, P. [Brookhaven; Ferracin, P. [CERN; Sabbi, G. [LBNL, Berkeley

2016-10-06

The High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN will use large aperture (150 mm) quadrupole magnets to focus the beams at the interaction points. The high field in the coils requires Nb3Sn superconductor technology, which has been brought to maturity by the LHC Accelerator Re-search Program (LARP) over the last 10 years. The key design targets for the new IR quadrupoles were established in 2012, and fabrication of model magnets started in 2014. This paper discusses the results from the first single short coil test and from the first short quadrupole model test. Remaining challenges and plans to address them are also presented and discussed.

Macroscopic description of normal quadrupole oscillations and shape of rotating nuclei (spheroids)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balbutsev, E.B.; Mikhailov, I.N.; Vaishvila, Z.

1981-01-01

The ''distorted-Fermi-surface'' model is generalized to study the rotating nuclei. The mathematical problems of the model are solved with the help of the tensor virial method by Chandrasekhar-Lebovitz. The parameters of a form and characteristic frequencies of the quadrupole oscillations are calculated as a function of angular velocity Ω for the rotating nuclei. The energy of Giant Quadrupole Resonance is in agreement with experiment for Ω=0. There are two low-lying modes of oscillations in the model. The critical angular momenta are calculated. The comparison with the liquid drop model is done [ru

A Superstrong Adjustable Permanent Magnet for the Final Focus Quadrupole in a Linear Collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihara, T.

2004-01-01

A super strong permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) was fabricated and tested. It has an integrated strength of 28.5T with overall length of 10 cm and a 7mm bore radius. The final focus quadrupole of a linear collider needs a variable focal length. This can be obtained by slicing the magnet into pieces along the beamline direction and rotating these slices. But this technique may lead to movement of the magnetic center and introduction of a skew quadrupole component when the strength is varied. A ''double ring structure'' can ease these effects. A second prototype PMQ, containing thermal compensation materials and with a double ring structure, has been fabricated. Worm gear is selected as the mechanical rotating scheme because the double ring structure needs a large torque to rotate magnets. The structure of the second prototype PMQ is shown

SU(6) quadrupole phonon model for even and odd nuclei and the SU(3) limit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paar, V; Brant, S [Zagreb Univ. (Yugoslavia). Prirodoslovno Matematicki Fakultet; Canto, L F [Rio de Janeiro Univ. (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica; Leander, G [Lund Inst. of Tech. (Sweden). Dept. of Mathematical Physics; Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Vouk, M [Zagreb Univ. (Yugoslavia). Computing Centre SRCE

1982-04-05

Analogous to the equivalence between the SU(6) quadrupole-phonon model (TQM) and the interacting boson model (IBM), the equivalence is pointed out for odd systems between the SU(6) particle quadrupole-phonon coupling model (PTQM) and the interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM). PTQM is formulated starting from the Dyson representation for the odd system. Different aspects of the SU(3) limit of TQM and PTQM are studied; the quadrupole-phonon block structure of rotational bands in even and odd nuclei and analytic expressions based on the coherent state; signature effects generated in PTQM; electromagnetic properties and correction factors for PTQM; overlaps of the PTQM analogs of Nilsson states with Coriolis-coupled Nilsson states and the relation to the rotational model representation.

High-throughput shotgun lipidomics by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ståhlman, Marcus; Ejsing, Christer S.; Tarasov, Kirill

2009-01-01

Technological advances in mass spectrometry and meticulous method development have produced several shotgun lipidomic approaches capable of characterizing lipid species by direct analysis of total lipid extracts. Shotgun lipidomics by hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry allows...... the absolute quantification of hundreds of molecular glycerophospholipid species, glycerolipid species, sphingolipid species and sterol lipids. Future applications in clinical cohort studies demand detailed lipid molecule information and the application of high-throughput lipidomics platforms. In this review...... we describe a novel high-throughput shotgun lipidomic platform based on 96-well robot-assisted lipid extraction, automated sample infusion by mircofluidic-based nanoelectrospray ionization, and quantitative multiple precursor ion scanning analysis on a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer...

Ion beam properties after mass filtering with a linear radiofrequency quadrupole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrer, R.; Kwiatkowski, A.A.; Bollen, G.; Lincoln, D.L.; Morrissey, D.J.; Pang, G.K.; Ringle, R.; Savory, J.; Schwarz, S.

2014-01-01

The properties of ion beams passing through a linear radiofrequency quadrupole mass filter were investigated with special attention to their dependence on the mass resolving power. Experimentally, an increase of the transverse emittance was observed as the mass-to-charge selectivity of the mass filter was raised. The experimental behavior was confirmed by beam transport simulations. -- Highlights: • The ion-optical properties of a Quadrupole Mass Filter (QMF) are presented. • Measured beam emittances follow a trend to larger values for smaller A/Q ratios and increasing mass resolution. • The experimental behavior was confirmed by beam transport simulations. • The use of a QMF for mass filtering comes at the cost of emittance growth of the ion beam

Quench protection of the LHC inner triplet quadrupoles built at Fermilab

CERN Document Server

Bauer, P; Chiesa, L; Di Marco, J; Fehér, S; Lamm, M J; McInturff, A D; Nobrega, A; Orris, D; Tartaglia, M; Tompkins, J C; Zlobin, A V

2001-01-01

High gradient quadrupoles are being developed by the US-LHC Accelerator project for the LHC interaction region inner triplets. These 5.5 m long magnets have a single 70 mm aperture and operate in superfluid helium at a peak gradient of 215 T/m. Through the construction and test of eight 2 meter long model quadrupoles, strip heaters of various geometries and insulation thicknesses have proven to be effective in protecting the magnets from excessively high coil temperatures and coil voltages to ground. This paper reports on the results of the model program to optimize the heater performance within the context of the LHC inner triplet electrical power and quench detection scheme. (6 refs).

Dynamical interplay between pairing and quadrupole correlations in odd-mass nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaneko, Kazunari; Takada, Kenjiro; Sakata, Fumihiko; Tazaki, Shigeru.

1982-01-01

Study of the dynamical interplay between pairing and quadrupole correlations in odd-mass nuclei has been developed. One of the purposes of this paper is to predict that the new collective excited states may exist system-atically in odd-mass nuclei. Other purpose is to discuss a new collective band structure on the top of a unique-parity one-quasiparticle state. Through the numerical calculations, it has been clarified that the dynamical mutual interplay between the pairing and the quadrupole degrees of freedom played an important role in the odd-mass transitional nuclei to bring about the new type of collective states. The results of calculation were compared with the experimental data. (Kato, T.)

BPM Offset Determination by Sinusoidal Quadrupole K-modulation

CERN Document Server

Baer, T; Wenninger, J

2011-01-01

To ensure an adequate orbit steering that maximizes the machine aperture, a good knowledge of the BPM measurement offsets is crucial. During this MD, a sinusoidal k-modulation of individually powered quadrupoles was performed to determine the offsets of the nearby BPMs. An accuracy of 10µm for the determination of the absolute beam position is reached.

W-boson electric dipole moment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He, X.; McKellar, B.H.J.

1990-01-01

The W-boson electric dipole moment is calculated in the SU(3) C xSU(2) L xU(1) Y model with several Higgs-boson doublets. Using the constraint on the CP-violating parameters from the experimental upper bound of the neutron electric dipole moment, we find that the W-boson electric dipole moment is constrained to be less than 10 -4

Quadrupole magnetic lens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Piskunov, V.A.

1981-01-01

The following connection of windings of electromagnet is suggested for simplification of the design of qUadrupole magnetic lens intended for use in radiotechnical and electron-optical devices. The mentioned windings are connected with each other by a bridge scheme and the variable resistors are switched in its diagonals in the lens containing four electromagnet with windings connected with two variable resistors the mobile contacts of which are connected with a direct current source. Current redistribution between left windings and right windings takes place at shift of mobile contact of variable resistor, and current redistribution between upper and low coils of electromagnets takes place at shifting mobile contact of the other variable resistor. In this case smooth and independent electron-optical misalignment of lens by two mutually perpendicular directions proceeds. Use of the given design of the lens in the oscillograph permits to use printing assembly for alignment plate and to reduce the number of connections at the expense of decreasing the number of resistors

Quadrupole deflector of the double Penning trap system MLLTRAP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gartzke, Eva; Kolhinen, Veli; Habs, Dietrich; Neumayr, Juergen; Schuermann, Christian; Szerypo, Jerzy; Thirolf, Peter [Fakultaet fuer Physik, LMU Muenchen, Garching (Germany); Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory, Garching (Germany)

2009-07-01

A cylindrical double Penning trap has been installed and successfully commissioned at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory in Garching. This trap system has been designed to isobarically purify low energy ion beams and perform highly accurate mass measurements. An electrostatic quadrupole deflector has been designed and installed at the injection line of the Penning trap system enabling a simultaneous use of an online ion beam with reference ions from an offline ion source. Alternatively two offline sources can be used concurrently e.g. an {alpha} recoil sources providing heavy radioactive species (e.g {sup 240}U) together with reference mass ions (which in the future will be e.g. a carbon cluster ion source). The bender has been designed for beam energies up to 1 keV with q/A ratios 1/1-1/250. This presentation shows the technical design and the operating parameters of the quadrupole beam bender and its implementation at the MLLTRAP system.

Quadrupole interaction in zinc metal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vetterling, W.T.; Pound, R.V.

1977-01-01

To allow measurement of the quadrupole interaction in zinc metal, the enriched ZnO was reduced to zinc metal powder and compressed into a pill of thickness 1.4 gm/cm 2 . Sources were made by diffusing 20 mCi of 67 Ga into sintered copper pills. The transducer was based on a cylinder of PZT-4 with 1 / 2 -inch length and could cover linearly a velocity range of +-100 μ/s at 200 Hz. The multiscalar was a modified Northern model NS600, with a minimum dwell time of 20 μs, and with a 10-count buffer at the input to eliminate deadtime from memory cycling

Reconstruction of convex bodies from moments

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hörrmann, Julia; Kousholt, Astrid

We investigate how much information about a convex body can be retrieved from a finite number of its geometric moments. We give a sufficient condition for a convex body to be uniquely determined by a finite number of its geometric moments, and we show that among all convex bodies, those which......- rithm that approximates a convex body using a finite number of its Legendre moments. The consistency of the algorithm is established using the stabil- ity result for Legendre moments. When only noisy measurements of Legendre moments are available, the consistency of the algorithm is established under...

CFD Modelling of a Quadrupole Vortex Inside a Cylindrical Channel for Research into Advanced Hybrid Rocket Designs

Science.gov (United States)

Godfrey, B.; Majdalani, J.

2014-11-01

This study relies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools to analyse a possible method for creating a stable quadrupole vortex within a simulated, circular-port, cylindrical rocket chamber. A model of the vortex generator is created in a SolidWorks CAD program and then the grid is generated using the Pointwise mesh generation software. The non-reactive flowfield is simulated using an open source computational program, Stanford University Unstructured (SU2). Subsequent analysis and visualization are performed using ParaView. The vortex generation approach that we employ consists of four tangentially injected monopole vortex generators that are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the chamber in such a way to produce a quadrupole vortex with a common downwash. The present investigation focuses on characterizing the flow dynamics so that future investigations can be undertaken with increasing levels of complexity. Our CFD simulations help to elucidate the onset of vortex filaments within the monopole tubes, and the evolution of quadrupole vortices downstream of the injection faceplate. Our results indicate that the quadrupole vortices produced using the present injection pattern can become quickly unstable to the extent of dissipating soon after being introduced into simulated rocket chamber. We conclude that a change in the geometrical configuration will be necessary to produce more stable quadrupoles.

Magnetic moments revisited

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Towner, I.S.; Khanna, F.C.

1984-01-01

Consideration of core polarization, isobar currents and meson-exchange processes gives a satisfactory understanding of the ground-state magnetic moments in closed-shell-plus (or minus)-one nuclei, A = 3, 15, 17, 39 and 41. Ever since the earliest days of the nuclear shell model the understanding of magnetic moments of nuclear states of supposedly simple configurations, such as doubly closed LS shells +-1 nucleon, has been a challenge for theorists. The experimental moments, which in most cases are known with extraordinary precision, show a small yet significant departure from the single-particle Schmidt values. The departure, however, is difficult to evaluate precisely since, as will be seen, it results from a sensitive cancellation between several competing corrections each of which can be as large as the observed discrepancy. This, then, is the continuing fascination of magnetic moments. In this contribution, we revisit the subjet principally to identify the role played by isobar currents, which are of much concern at this conference. But in so doing we warn quite strongly of the dangers of considering just isobar currents in isolation; equal consideration must be given to competing processes which in this context are the mundane nuclear structure effects, such as core polarization, and the more popular meson-exchange currents

Quadrupole terms in the Maxwell equations: Debye-Hückel theory in quadrupolarizable solvent and self-salting-out of electrolytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Slavchov, Radomir I

2014-04-28

If the molecules of a given solvent possess significant quadrupolar moment, the macroscopic Maxwell equations must involve the contribution of the density of the quadrupolar moment to the electric displacement field. This modifies the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and all consequences from it. In this work, the structure of the diffuse atmosphere around an ion dissolved in quadrupolarizable medium is analyzed by solving the quadrupolar variant of the Coulomb-Ampere's law of electrostatics. The results are compared to the classical Debye-Hückel theory. The quadrupolar version of the Debye-Hückel potential of a point charge is finite even in r = 0. The ion-quadrupole interaction yields a significant expansion of the diffuse atmosphere of the ion and, thus, it decreases the Debye-Hückel energy. In addition, since the dielectric permittivity of the electrolyte solutions depends strongly on concentration, the Born energy of the dissolved ions alters with concentration, which has a considerable contribution to the activity coefficient γ± known as the self-salting-out effect. The quadrupolarizability of the medium damps strongly the self-salting-out of the electrolyte, and thus it affects additionally γ±. Comparison with experimental data for γ± for various electrolytes allows for the estimation of the quadrupolar length of water: LQ ≈ 2 Å, in good agreement with previous assessments. The effect of quadrupolarizability is especially important in non-aqueous solutions. Data for the activity of NaBr in methanol is used to determine the quadrupolarizability of methanol with good accuracy.

Moment invariants for particle beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lysenko, W.P.; Overley, M.S.

1988-01-01

The rms emittance is a certain function of second moments in 2-D phase space. It is preserved for linear uncoupled (1-D) motion. In this paper, the authors present new functions of moments that are invariants for coupled motion. These invariants were computed symbolically using a computer algebra system. Possible applications for these invariants are discussed. Also, approximate moment invariants for nonlinear motion are presented

On the theory of nuclear quadrupole oscillations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abrosimov, V.I.; Strutinskij, V.M.

1978-01-01

Presented is a deduction and a convinient writing form of the secular equation for nuclear quadrupole oscillations. The deduction is consistent with usual random phase approximation. It is regarded that the oscillations of the nuclear average potential are adiabatic with respect to formation of the Cooper pairs and the collective motion arises as a result of the coherent distortion of the quasiparticle wave functions. The energy gap changes are also taken into account

Moment magnitude scale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanks, T.C.; Kanamori, H.

1979-05-10

The nearly conincident forms of the relations between seismic moment M/sub o/ and the magnitudes M/sub L/, M/sub s/, and M/sub w/ imply a moment magnitude scale M=2/3 log M/sub o/-10.7 which is uniformly valid for 3< or approx. =M/sub L/< or approx. = 7, 5 < or approx. =M/sub s/< or approx. =7 1/2 and M/sub w/> or approx. = 7 1/2.

Magnetic Measurements of Permanent and Fast-Pulsed Quadrupoles for the CERN LINAC4 Project

CERN Document Server

Golluccio, G; Buzio, M; Dunkel, O; Giloteaux, D; Lombardi, A; Mateo, F; Ramberger, S

2010-01-01

Linac4 is currently under construction at CERN to improve intensity and reliability for the whole accelerator chain. This machine will include about 120 permanent quadrupoles housed in the Drift Tube tanks, as well as about 80 electromagnetic quadrupoles. This paper describes the magnetic measurements carried out at CERN on the first batch of quadrupoles, including several prototypes from different manufacturers, as well as those done on several spare Linac 2 magnets reused in Linac4's 3 MeV test stand. We first describe a prototype test bench based on technology developed for the LHC and able to carry out high-precision harmonic measurements in both continuously-rotating and stepping-coil mode. Next we present the first results obtained in terms of field strength, harmonics quality and effects of fast eddy current transients. Finally, we discuss the expected impact of these findings on the operation of the machine.

Quadrupole coupling constants and isomeric Moessbauer shifts for halogen-containing gold, platinum, niobium, tantalum and antimony compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poleshchuk, O. K.; Branchadell, V.; Ritter, R. A.; Fateev, A. V.

2008-01-01

We have analyzed by means of Density functional theory calculations the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of a range of gold, antimony, platinum, niobium and tantalum compounds. The geometrical parameters and halogen nuclear quadrupole coupling constants obtained by these calculations substantially corresponded to the data of microwave and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy. An analysis of the quality of the calculations that employ pseudo-potentials and all-electron basis sets for the halogen compounds was carried out. The zero order regular approximation (ZORA) method is shown to be a viable alternative for the calculation of halogen coupling constants in molecules. In addition, the ZORA model, in contrast to the pseudo-potential model, leads to realistic values of all metal nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. From Klopman's approach, it follows that the relationship between the electrostatic bonding and covalent depends on the nature of the central atom. The results on Moessbauer chemical shifts are also in a good agreement with the coordination number of the central atom.

Quadrupole coupling constants and isomeric Moessbauer shifts for halogen-containing gold, platinum, niobium, tantalum and antimony compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poleshchuk, O. K., E-mail: poleshch@tspu.edu.ru [Tomsk State Pedagogical University (Russian Federation); Branchadell, V. [Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Departament de Quimica (Spain); Ritter, R. A.; Fateev, A. V. [Tomsk State Pedagogical University (Russian Federation)

2008-01-15

We have analyzed by means of Density functional theory calculations the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of a range of gold, antimony, platinum, niobium and tantalum compounds. The geometrical parameters and halogen nuclear quadrupole coupling constants obtained by these calculations substantially corresponded to the data of microwave and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy. An analysis of the quality of the calculations that employ pseudo-potentials and all-electron basis sets for the halogen compounds was carried out. The zero order regular approximation (ZORA) method is shown to be a viable alternative for the calculation of halogen coupling constants in molecules. In addition, the ZORA model, in contrast to the pseudo-potential model, leads to realistic values of all metal nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. From Klopman's approach, it follows that the relationship between the electrostatic bonding and covalent depends on the nature of the central atom. The results on Moessbauer chemical shifts are also in a good agreement with the coordination number of the central atom.

The eight superconducting quadrupoles for the ISR high-luminosity insertion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billan, J.; Henrichsen, K.N.; Laeger, H.; Lebrun, Ph.; Perin, R.; Pichler, S.; Pugin, P.; Resegotti, L.; Rohmig, P.; Tortschanoff, T.; Verdier, A.; Walckiers, L.; Wolf, R.

1980-01-01

Eight superconducting quadrupoles for a high-luminosity insertion in the ISR have been produced by industrial firms according to CERN design and manufacturing specifications, and assembled and tested at CERN. The horizontal cylindrical cryostats, which contain windings and steel yoke in a boiling helium bath, have a 173 mm warm bore. For 31 GeV beam energy, the maximum operating gradient on the quadrupole axis is 43 T m -1 and the maximum field in the windings is 5.5 T. Sextupole windings provide a linear variation of the gradient of up to 4 % over the bore width and dodecapole windings trim the field pattern as a function of excitation. This paper reports about production history, acceptance tests, and performance. The results of magnetic measurements are also summarized. The insertion will be installed into the ISR as from August 1980. (Auth.)

Longitudinal capture in the radio-frequency-quadrupole structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inagaki, S.

1980-03-01

The radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) linac structure not only can attain easily transverse focusing in the low-beta region, but also can obtain very high capture efficiency because of its low beta-lambda and low-particle rigidity. An optimization study of the zero space-charge longitudinal capture in an RFQ linac that yields configurations with large capture efficiency is described

Fiducialization of the small-aperture quadrupoles based on the vibrating wire method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Baichuan, E-mail: wangbaichuan@nint.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology), Xi' an 710024 (China); Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Zheng, Shuxin, E-mail: zhengsx@tsinghua.edu.cn [Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Wu, Lin; Du, Changtong; Xing, Qingzi [Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Wang, Zhongming; Qiu, Mengtong [State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology), Xi' an 710024 (China); Wang, Xuewu [Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

2016-03-11

A fiducialization method based on vibrating wire is described dedicated to the problem of locating the magnetic center relative to external fiducials for the small-aperture quadrupoles. The advantage of this method is that the measurement of the wire position, which may be the main error source, is no longer needed. The position of the magnetic center can be directly obtained by measuring the position shift of the magnet fiducials. This method has been validated on small Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles (PMQs). Experiments have confirmed its feasibility of measuring PMQs with good repeatability of about 10 μm, and shown its high sensitivity as well as convenience.

Magnetic Moment of $^{59}$Cu

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

Experiment IS358 uses the intense and pure beams of copper isotopes provided by the ISOLDE RILIS (resonance ionization laser ion source). The isotopes are implanted and oriented in the low temperature nuclear orientation set-up NICOLE. Magnetic moments are measured by $\\beta$-NMR. Copper (Z=29), with a single proton above the proton-magic nickel isotopes provides an ideal testground for precise shell model calculations of magnetic moments and their experimental verification. In the course of our experiments we already determined the magnetic moments of $^{67}$Ni, $^{67}$Cu, $^{68g}$Cu, $^{69}$Cu and $^{71}$Cu which provide important information on the magicity of the N=40 subshell closure. In 2001 we plan to conclude our systematic investigations by measuring the magnetic moment of the neutron-deficient isotope $^{59}$Cu. This will pave the way for a subsequent study of the magnetic moment of $^{57}$Cu with a complementary method.

Low-lying states of 184W and 184Os nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharrad, F.I.; Abdullah, Hewa Y.; Al-Dahan, N.; Umran, N.M.; Okhunov, A.A.; Abu Kassim, H.

2013-01-01

The energy levels, transition energy, B(E2) values, intrinsic quadrupole moment Q 0 and potential energy surface for even-even 184 W and 184 Os nuclei were calculated using IBM-1. The predicted energy levels, transition energy, B(E2) values and intrinsic quadrupole moment Q 0 results are reasonably consistent with the experimental data. A contour plot of the potential energy surfaces shows that two interesting nuclei are deformed and have rotational characters. (authors)

Source-to-accelerator quadrupole matching section for a compact linear accelerator

Science.gov (United States)

Seidl, P. A.; Persaud, A.; Ghiorso, W.; Ji, Q.; Waldron, W. L.; Lal, A.; Vinayakumar, K. B.; Schenkel, T.

2018-05-01

Recently, we presented a new approach for a compact radio-frequency (RF) accelerator structure and demonstrated the functionality of the individual components: acceleration units and focusing elements. In this paper, we combine these units to form a working accelerator structure: a matching section between the ion source extraction grids and the RF-acceleration unit and electrostatic focusing quadrupoles between successive acceleration units. The matching section consists of six electrostatic quadrupoles (ESQs) fabricated using 3D-printing techniques. The matching section enables us to capture more beam current and to match the beam envelope to conditions for stable transport in an acceleration lattice. We present data from an integrated accelerator consisting of the source, matching section, and an ESQ doublet sandwiched between two RF-acceleration units.

Energy transfer moments in thermalization; Les moments dei transfert d'energie en thermalisation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soule, J L; Pillard, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

For all moderators of the 'incoherent gaussian' type, it is possible to calculate, at any temperature, the energy transfer moments as a function of the incident energy without having to use the differential sections. Integral formulae are derived for the integral cross-section, the first and the second moment, which make it possible to tabulate directly these three functions in a few minutes calculation on IBM 7094, for the most part models proposed in the literature for the common moderators. (authors) [French] Pour tous les moderateurs de type 'incoherent gaussien' on peut calculer, a n'importe quelle temperature, les moments de transfert d'energie en fonction de l'energie incidente, sans passer par l'intermediaire des sections differentielles. On developpe des formules integrales pour la section efficace integrale, le premier et le second moment, qui permettent de tabuler directement ces trois fonctions en quelques minutes de calcul sur IBM 7094, pour la plupart des modeles proposes dans la litterature pour les moderateurs usuels. (auteurs)

Adjustable Permanent Quadrupoles Using Rotating Magnet Material Rods for the Next Linear Collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spencer, Cherrill M

2002-01-01

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 132 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 135 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micrometer during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce estimated costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. All magnets have iron poles and use either Samarium Cobalt or Neodymium Iron to provide the magnetic fields. Two prototypes use rotating rods containing permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient. Gradient changes of 20% and center shifts of less than 20 microns have been measured. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnet prototype. See High Reliability Prototype Quadrupole for the Next Linear Collider by C.E Rago, C.M SPENCER, Z. Wolf submitted to this conference

Phase-alternated composite π/2 pulses for solid state quadrupole echo NMR spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramamoorthy, A.; Narasimhan, P.T.

1991-01-01

Phase-alternated composite π/2 pulses have been constructed for spin I=1 to overcome quadrupole interaction effects in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. Magnus expansion approach is used to design these sequences in a manner similar to the NMR coherent averaging theory. It is inferred that the symmetric phase-alternated composite π/2 pulses reported here are quite successful in producing quadrupole echo free phase distortions. This effectiveness of the present composite pulses is due to the fact that most of them are of shorter durations as compared to the ones reported in literature. In this theoretical procedure, irreducible spherical tensor operator formalism is employed to simplify the complexity involved in the evaluation of Magnus expansion terms. It has been argued in this paper that composite π/2 pulse sequences for this purpose can also be derived from the broadband inversion π pulses which are designed to compensate electric field gradient(efg) inhomogeniety in spin I=1 nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR) spectroscopy. (author). 28 refs

Design of permanent magnet quadrupole for LEHIPA DTL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathew, Jose V.; Rao, S.V.L.S.; Krishnagopal, S.; Singh, P.

2011-01-01

The drift tube linac (DTL) of the low energy high intensity proton accelerator (LEHIPA) has been designed to accelerate 30 mA proton beam from 3 MeV to 20 MeV in a distance of around 13 m. A FFDD lattice structure is selected to provide strong transverse focusing, where each drift tube includes one quadrupole magnet. Beam dynamics simulations specified an effective magnet length of 47 mm, maximum field gradient of 47 T/m, and bore aperture of 24 mm. For these specifications, a detailed design of a very thin permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) is presented. Four types of PMQ designs have been compared: a 16-segment trapezoidal design in the Halbach configuration, two 16-segment rectangular designs (with and without gaps), and an 8-segment rectangular design. 2D and 3D modeling codes, POISSON and CST Studio suite are used for the design studies. The good field region is calculated based on field gradient deviation in the transverse plane and integral field homogeneity. The very low aspect ratio of these PMQs leads to edge effects, thereby reducing the central field strength. The 3D simulations are used to study these edge effects. (author)

15 T And Beyond - Dipoles and Quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabbi, GianLuca

2008-01-01

Starting with the invention of the cyclotron by Lawrence, accelerator-based experiments have been the primary source of new discoveries in particle physics. In order to progress toward higher energy and luminosity, higher field magnets are required. R and D programs are underway to take advantage of new developments in superconducting materials, achieve better efficiency and simplify magnet fabrication while preserving accelerator-class field quality. A review of recent progress on high field dipole and quadrupole magnets is presented.

Radio-frequency quadrupole resonator for linear accelerator

Science.gov (United States)

Moretti, A.

1982-10-19

An RFQ resonator for a linear accelerator having a reduced level of interfering modes and producing a quadrupole mode for focusing, bunching and accelerating beams of heavy charged particles, with the construction being characterized by four elongated resonating rods within a cylinder with the rods being alternately shorted and open electrically to the shell at common ends of the rods to provide an LC parallel resonant circuit when activated by a magnetic field transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Radio frequency quadrupole resonator for linear accelerator

Science.gov (United States)

Moretti, Alfred

1985-01-01

An RFQ resonator for a linear accelerator having a reduced level of interfering modes and producing a quadrupole mode for focusing, bunching and accelerating beams of heavy charged particles, with the construction being characterized by four elongated resonating rods within a cylinder with the rods being alternately shorted and open electrically to the shell at common ends of the rods to provide an LC parallel resonant circuit when activated by a magnetic field transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Test and Simulation Results for Quenches Induced by Fast Losses on a LHC Quadrupole

CERN Document Server

Bracco, Ch; Bartmann, W; Bednarek, M; Lechner, A; Sapinski, M; Vittal Shetty, N; Schmidt, R; Solfaroli Camillocci, M; Verweij, A

2014-01-01

A test program for beam induced quenches was started in the LHC in 2011 in order to reduce as much as possible BLM-triggered beam dumps, without jeopardising the safety of the superconducting magnets. A first measurement was performed to asses the quench level of a quadrupole located in the LHC injection region in case of fast (ns) losses. It consisted in dumping single bunches onto an injection protection collimator located right upstream of the quadrupole, varying the bunch intensity up to 3×1010 protons and ramping the quadrupole current up to 2200 A. No quench was recorded at that time. The test was repeated in 2013 with increased bunch intensity (6.5×1010 protons); a quench occurred when powering the magnet at 2500 A. The comparison between measurements during beam induced and quench heaters induced quenches is shown. Results of FLUKA simulations on energy deposition, calculations on quench behaviour using the QP3 code and the respective estimates of quench levels are also presented.

Communication: General variational approach to nuclear-quadrupole coupling in rovibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules

Science.gov (United States)

Yachmenev, Andrey; Küpper, Jochen

2017-10-01

A general algorithm for computing the quadrupole-hyperfine effects in the rovibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules is presented for the case of ammonia (NH3). The method extends the general variational approach TROVE [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 245, 126-140 (2007)] by adding the extra term in the Hamiltonian that describes the nuclear quadrupole coupling, with no inherent limitation on the number of quadrupolar nuclei in a molecule. We applied the new approach to compute the nitrogen-nuclear-quadrupole hyperfine structure in the rovibrational spectrum of NH143. These results agree very well with recent experimental spectroscopic data for the pure rotational transitions in the ground vibrational and ν2 states and the rovibrational transitions in the ν1, ν3, 2ν4, and ν1 + ν3 bands. The computed hyperfine-resolved rovibrational spectrum of ammonia will be beneficial for the assignment of experimental rovibrational spectra, further detection of ammonia in interstellar space, and studies of the proton-to-electron mass variation.

Results of Magnetic Axis Measurements on a Prototype Main Lattice Quadrupole for the LHC

CERN Document Server

Smirnov, N; Deferne, G; Parma, V; Rohmig, P; Tortschanoff, Theodor

2004-01-01

More than 470 twin aperture lattice quadrupoles are needed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) under construction at CERN. The lattice quadrupole, assembled with correction magnets in its helium enclosure - the cold mass and integrated in a common cryostat called the Short Straight Section (SSS). All SSS cold mass prototypes have been developed and built by CEA (Saclay) in collaboration with CNRS (Orsay, France). The last SSS prototype (SSS5) was used to investigate the behavior of the magnetic axis through various steps of the installation cycle for the series quadrupoles: including transportation, thermal-cycles, and being lowered into the tunnel. Results of extensive measurements before and after each of these stages are presented here, showing that the effect of transport is weak and within the window of measurement resolution. Also shown is that the long-term stability observed during two years is comparable with the requirements from magnet tolerances. To minimize systematic errors, all tests were perfo...

Performance of the MAGCOOL-subcooler cryogenic system after SSC quadrupole quenches

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, K.C.

1993-01-01

The subcooler assembly installed in the MAGCOOL magnet test area at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been used for testing SSC dipoles, quadrupoles and a spool piece since 1989. A detailed description of the system, its steady state capacity and the performance after quenches of a 50 mm SSC dipole were given. Subsequent studies on low current quenches of the SSC dipoles and quenches of the RHIC dipoles were also carried out. In this paper, the performance of the subcooler after quenches of the SSC quadrupole QCC404 is presented. Pressures, temperatures and flow rates in the magnet cooling loop after magnet quenches are given as a function of time. The cooling rates and total energy removed by cooling during quench recovery have been calculated for quench currents between 2000 and 7952 amperes. Because the inductance of the quadrupole is about one tenth that of a SSC dipole, the stored energy released is small and the impact on the system is mild. The cooling loop pressure never exceeds 12 atmospheres and the cryogenic system recovers in less than 15 minutes. As in all past studies, the peak pressure and temperature in the magnet cooling loop are linearly proportional to the energy released during a quench and excellent agreement between the total cooling provided and the magnetic stored energy is found

Reorientation measurements on tungsten isotopes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O' Brien, J J; Saladin, J X; Baktash, C; Alessi, J G [Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. (USA)

1977-11-14

In a particle-..gamma.. coincidence experiment, a thick tungsten target, of natural isotopic abundance, was bombarded with ..cap alpha.. and /sup 16/O beams. From analysis of the deexcitation ..gamma..-rays following Coulomb excitation, the spectroscopic quadrupole moment of the second 2/sup +/ state (the 2/sup +/' state) was determined for /sup 186/W and /sup 184/W. In a separate Coulomb excitation experiment a thin, isotopically enriched /sup 186/W target was bombarded with /sup 16/O ions. From analysis of projectiles scattered elastically and inelastically the quadrupole moment of the 2/sup +/' state of /sup 186/W was extracted. The results of the two experiments are in good agreement. The quadrupole moment of the 2/sup +/' state is found to be opposite in sign to that of the first 2/sup +/ state for both isotopes studied. However, its magnitude decreases rapidly in going from /sup 186/W to /sup 184/W, in contrast to the predictions of the rotation-vibration of asymmetric rotor models. The microscopic theory of Kumar and Baranger does predict the experimental trend, qualitatively. Thus the present results are interpreted as being evidence of strong coupling between ..beta.. and ..gamma.. degrees of freedom in the tungsten isotopes, which, according to the theory of Kumar and Baranger, is the source of the reduced value of the quadrupole moment.

Radio-frequency quadrupole linear accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wangler, T.P.; Stokes, R.H.

1980-01-01

The radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is a new linear accelerator concept in which rf electric fields are used to focus, bunch, and accelerate the beam. Because the RFQ can provide strong focusing at low velocities, it can capture a high-current dc ion beam from a low-voltage source and accelerate it to an energy of 1 MeV/nucleon within a distance of a few meters. A recent experimental test at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) has confirmed the expected performance of this structure and has stimulated interest in a wide variety of applications. The general properties of the RFQ are reviewed and examples of applications of this new accelerator are presented

Design, construction and commissioning of a simple, low cost permanent magnet quadrupole doublet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conard, E.M.; Parcell, S.K.; Arnott, D.W.

1999-01-01

In the framework of new beam line developments at the Australian National Medical Cyclotron, a permanent magnet quadrupole doublet was designed and built entirely in house. The design proceeded from the classical work by Halbach et al. but emphasised the 'low cost' aspect by using simple rectangular NdFeB blocks and simple assembly techniques. Numerical simulations using the (2-D) Gemini code were performed to check the field strength and homogeneity predictions of analytical calculations. This paper gives the reasons for the selection of a permanent magnet, the design and construction details of the quadrupole doublet and its field measurement results. (authors)

Development and Test of TQC models, LARP Technological Quadrupole Magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Orris, D.; Tartaglia, M.; Zlobin, A.V.; Caspi, S.; Dietderich, D.; Ferracin, P.; Hafalia, A.R.; Sabbi, G.

2008-06-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the development and test of TQC01b, the second TQC model, and the experience during construction of TQE02 and TQC02, subsequent models in the series. ANSYS analysis of the mechanical structure, its underlying assumptions, and changes based on experience with TQC01 are presented and discussed. Construction experience, in-process measurements, and modifications to the assembly since TQC01 are described. The test results presented here include magnet strain and quench performance during training of TQC01b, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate dependence.

Development and Test of TQC models, LARP Technological Quadrupole Magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Carcagno, R.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Orris, D.; Tartaglia, M.; Zlobin, A.V.; Caspi, S.; Dietderich, D.; Ferracin, P.; Hafalia, A.R.; Sabbi, G.

2008-01-01

In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, two-layer quadrupole models (TQC and TQS) with 90mm aperture are being constructed at Fermilab and LBNL within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). This paper describes the development and test of TQC01b, the second TQC model, and the experience during construction of TQE02 and TQC02, subsequent models in the series. ANSYS analysis of the mechanical structure, its underlying assumptions, and changes based on experience with TQC01 are presented and discussed. Construction experience, in-process measurements, and modifications to the assembly since TQC01 are described. The test results presented here include magnet strain and quench performance during training of TQC01b, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate dependence

NMR study of electric quadrupole interactions in GdCo2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barata, A.C.; Guimaraes, A.P.

1984-01-01

Quadrupole oscillations have been observed with 59 Co pulsed NMR in the intermetallic compound GdCo 2 . From theses oscillations the nuclear electric quadrupoles interaction (EQI) has been studied as a function of temperature in the range 4K-312K. The value measured at 4K, ν sub(Q)=672 +-3 KHz, is the largest so far reported for the cobalt EQI in the RCo 2 intermetallics. The EQI decreases with increasing temperature, reaching 432 +- 10 KHz at 312K. The amplitude of the oscillations tends to decrease with temperature, being also dependent on the easy direction of magnetization of the compound. Thus, above 200K, as the direction of magnetization changes, large oscillations are again visible in the satellite line; the main line shows no oscillations in this range. The observed temperature dependence of the EQI is roughly linear, as found in other transition metal systems. (Author) [pt

Electric moments in molecule interferometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eibenberger, Sandra; Gerlich, Stefan; Arndt, Markus; Tuexen, Jens; Mayor, Marcel

2011-01-01

We investigate the influence of different electric moments on the shift and dephasing of molecules in a matter wave interferometer. Firstly, we provide a quantitative comparison of two molecules that are non-polar yet polarizable in their thermal ground state and that differ in their stiffness and response to thermal excitations. While C 25 H 20 is rather rigid, its larger derivative C 49 H 16 F 52 is additionally equipped with floppy side chains and vibrationally activated dipole moment variations. Secondly, we elucidate the role of a permanent electric dipole momentby contrasting the quantum interference pattern of a (nearly) non-polar and a polar porphyrin derivative. We find that a high molecular polarizability and even sizeable dipole moment fluctuations are still well compatible with high-contrast quantum interference fringes. The presence of permanent electric dipole moments, however, can lead to a dephasing and rapid degradation of the quantum fringe pattern already at moderate electric fields. This finding is of high relevance for coherence experiments with large organic molecules, which are generally equipped with strong electric moments.

Intense heavy-ion beam transport with electric and magnetic quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fessenden, T.J.; Hopkins, H.S.

1995-08-01

As part of the small induction recirculator development at LLNL, the authors are testing an injector and transport line that delivers 4 micros beams of potassium with repetition rates up to 10 Hz at a nominal current of 2 mA. The normalized K-V equivalent emittance of the beams is near 0.02 π mm-mrad and is mostly determined by the temperature of the source (0.1 eV). K + ions generated at 80 keV in a Pierce diode are matched to an alternating gradient transport line by seven electric quadrupoles. Two additional quads have been modified to serve as two-axis steerers. The matching section is followed by a transport section comprised of seven permanent magnet quadrupoles. Matching to this section is achieved by adjusting the voltages on the electric quadrupoles to voltages calculated by an envelope matching code. Measurements of beam envelope parameters are made at the matching section entrance and exit as well as at the end of the permanent magnet transport section. Beam current waveforms along the experiment are compared with results from a one-dimension longitudinal dynamics code. Initial experiments show particle loss occurring at the beam head as a result of overtaking. The apparatus is also being used for the development of non or minimally intercepting diagnostics for future recirculator experiments. These include capacitive monitors for determining beam line-charge density and position in the recirculator; flying wire scanners for beam position; and gated TV scanners for measuring beam profiles and emittance

Quadrupole moments of low-lying baryons with spin

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2015-11-27

Proceedings of the International Workshop/Conference on Computational Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science (IWCCMP-2015). Posted on November 27, 2015. Guest Editors: Anurag Srivastava, C. S. Praveen, H. S. Tewari. © 2015 Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru. Contact | Site index.

Practical design approach for trapezoidal modulation of a radio-frequency quadrupole

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. S. Plastun

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Trapezoidal modulation of quadrupole electrodes offers additional benefits to the concept of a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ. Because of the significant increase of the effective shunt impedance, RFQs with trapezoidal modulation have a reduced interelectrode voltage or resonator length as compared to conventional RFQs with sinusoidal modulation. This feature is especially valuable for RFQs operating in cw mode, since it reduces the required rf power. We develop a detailed procedure for the design of RFQ electrodes with trapezoidal modulation. With our design procedure and by properly choosing the trapezoidal cell parameters, we can easily control the peak surface fields in the RFQ to the same level as for sinusoidal cell modulation. The procedure is applied to the design of the electrodes for the ReA3 RFQ at Michigan State University.

Field quality measurements of the LQXB inner triplet quadrupoles for LHC

CERN Document Server

Velev, G V; Carcagno, R; Di Marco, J; Fehér, S; Glass, H; Kashikhin, V V; Kerby, J; Lamm, M J; Makulski, A; Nobrega, A; Nogiec, J; Orris, D; Peterson, T; Rabehl, Roger Jon; Schlabach, P; Strait, J; Sylvester, C D; Tartaglia, M; Tompkins, J C; Zlobin, A V

2005-01-01

As a part of the USLHC program, Fermilab is building half of the inner triplet quadrupole magnets for the LHC. Two identical quadrupoles (MQXB) with a dipole corrector between them in a single cryogenic unit (LQXB) comprise the Q2 optical element of the final focus triplets in the interaction regions. The 5.5 m long MQXB have a 70 mm aperture and operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a peak field gradient of 215 T/m. Manufacturing of the 18 magnets is in an advanced stage. A program of magnetic field quality measurements of the magnets is performed at room temperature during magnet fabrication as well as at superfluid helium temperature during the cold qualification of each magnet. Results of the measurements are summarized in this paper. (12 refs).

A System for Series Magnetic Measurements of the LHC Main Quadrupoles

CERN Document Server

Smirnov, N; Chiusano, F; Dunkel, O; Legrand, P; Schloss, S; Schnizer, P; Sievers, P

2002-01-01

More than 400 twin aperture lattice quadrupoles are needed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which is under construction at CERN. The main quadrupole is assembled with correction magnets in a common cryostat called the Short Straight Section (SSS). We plan to measure all SSS's in cold conditions with an unprecedented accuracy: integrated gradient of the field within 150 ppm, harmonics in a range of 1 to 5 ppm, magnetic axis of all elements within 0.1 mm and their field direction within 0.2 mrad. In this paper we describe the automatic measurement system that we have designed, built and calibrated. Based on the results obtained on the two first prototypes of the SSS's (SSS3 and SSS4) we show that this system meets all above requirements.

Extension of the method of moments for population balances involving fractional moments and application to a typical agglomeration problem.

Science.gov (United States)

Alexiadis, Alessio; Vanni, Marco; Gardin, Pascal

2004-08-01

The method of moment (MOM) is a powerful tool for solving population balance. Nevertheless it cannot be used in every circumstance. Sometimes, in fact, it is not possible to write the governing equations in closed form. Higher moments, for instance, could appear in the evolution of the lower ones. This obstacle has often been resolved by prescribing some functional form for the particle size distribution. Another example is the occurrence of fractional moment, usually connected with the presence of fractal aggregates. For this case we propose a procedure that does not need any assumption on the form of the distribution but it is based on the "moments generating function" (that is the Laplace transform of the distribution). An important result of probability theory is that the kth derivative of the moments generating function represents the kth moment of the original distribution. This result concerns integer moments but, taking in account the Weyl fractional derivative, could be extended to fractional orders. Approximating fractional derivative makes it possible to express the fractional moments in terms of the integer ones and so to use regularly the method of moments.

Quadrupole transport experiment with space charge dominated cesium ion beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faltens, A.; Keefe, D.; Kim, C.; Rosenblum, S.; Tiefenback, M.; Warwick, A.

1984-08-01

The purpose of the experiment is to investigate the beam current transport limit in a long quadrupole-focussed transport channel in the space charge dominated region where the space charge defocussing force is almost as large as the average focussing force of the channel

Precision Magnet Measurements for X-Band Accelerator Quadrupole Triplets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marsh, R A; Anderson, S G; Armstrong, J P

2012-05-16

An X-band test station is being developed at LLNL to investigate accelerator optimization for future upgrades to mono-energetic gamma-ray (MEGa-Ray) technology at LLNL. Beamline magnets will include an emittance compensation solenoid, windowpane steering dipoles, and quadrupole magnets. Demanding tolerances have been placed on the alignment of these magnets, which directly affects the electron bunch beam quality. A magnet mapping system has been established at LLNL in order to ensure the delivered magnets match their field specification, and the mountings are aligned and capable of reaching the specified alignment tolerances. The magnet measurement system will be described which uses a 3-axis Lakeshore gauss probe mounted on a 3-axis translation stage. Alignment accuracy and precision will be discussed, as well as centering measurements and analysis. The dependence on data analysis over direct multi-pole measurement allows a significant improvement in useful alignment information. Detailed analysis of measurements on the beamline quadrupoles will be discussed, including multi-pole content both from alignment of the magnets, and the intrinsic level of multi-pole magnetic field.

The Quadrupole Magnets for the LHC Injection Transfer Lines

CERN Document Server

Chertok, I; Churkin, I N; Giesch, Manfred; Golubenko, O B; Kalbreier, Willi; Kouba, G; Mejidzade, V; Mikhailov, S; Steshov, A; Sukhanov, A; Sukhina, B; Schirm, K M; Weisse, E

2000-01-01

Two injection transfer lines, each about 2.8 km long, are being built to transfer protons at 450 GeV from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A total of 180 quadrupole magnets are required; they are produced in the framework of the contribution of the Russian Federation to the construction of the LHC. The classical quadrupoles, built from laminated steel cores and copper coils, have a core length of 1.4 m, an inscribed diameter of 32 mm and a strength of 53.5 T/m at a current of 530 A. The total weight of one magnet is 1.1 ton. For obtaining the required field quality at the small inscribed diameter, great care in the stamping of the laminations and the assembly of quadrants is necessary. Special instruments have been developed to measure, with a precision of some mm, the variations of the pole gaps over the full length of the magnet and correlate them to the obtained field distribution. The design has been developed in a collaboration between BINP and CERN. Fabrication and ...

Skyrme's interaction beyond the mean-field. The DGCM+GOA Hamiltonian of nuclear quadrupole motion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kluepfel, Peter

2008-01-01

This work focuses on the microscopic description of nuclear collective quadrupole motion within the framework of the dynamic Generator-Coordinate-Method(DGCM)+Gaussian-Overlap-Approximation(GOA). Skyrme-type effective interactions are used as the fundamental many-particle interaction. Starting from a rotational invariant, polynomial and topologic consistent formulation of the GCM+GOA Hamiltonian an interpolation scheme for the collective masses and potential is developed. It allows to define the collective Hamiltonian of fully triaxial collective quadrupole dynamics from a purely axial symmetric configuration space. The substantial gain in performance allows the self-consistent evaluation of the dynamic quadrupole mass within the ATDHF-cranking model. This work presents the first large-scale analysis of quadrupole correlation energies and lowlying collective states within the DGCM+GOA model. Different Skyrme- and pairing interactions are compared from old standards up to more recent parameterizations. After checking the validity of several approximations to the DGCM+GOA model - both on the mean-field and the collective level - we proceed with a detailed investigation of correlation effects along the chains of semi-magic isotopes and isotones. This finally allows to define a set of observables which are hardly affected by collective correlations. Those observables were used for a refit of a Skyrme-type effective interaction which is expected to cure most of the problems of the recent parameterizations. Preparing further work, estimates for the correlated ground state energy are proposed which can be evaluated directly from the mean-field model. (orig.)

Skyrme's interaction beyond the mean-field. The DGCM+GOA Hamiltonian of nuclear quadrupole motion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kluepfel, Peter

2008-07-29

This work focuses on the microscopic description of nuclear collective quadrupole motion within the framework of the dynamic Generator-Coordinate-Method(DGCM)+Gaussian-Overlap-Approximation(GOA). Skyrme-type effective interactions are used as the fundamental many-particle interaction. Starting from a rotational invariant, polynomial and topologic consistent formulation of the GCM+GOA Hamiltonian an interpolation scheme for the collective masses and potential is developed. It allows to define the collective Hamiltonian of fully triaxial collective quadrupole dynamics from a purely axial symmetric configuration space. The substantial gain in performance allows the self-consistent evaluation of the dynamic quadrupole mass within the ATDHF-cranking model. This work presents the first large-scale analysis of quadrupole correlation energies and lowlying collective states within the DGCM+GOA model. Different Skyrme- and pairing interactions are compared from old standards up to more recent parameterizations. After checking the validity of several approximations to the DGCM+GOA model - both on the mean-field and the collective level - we proceed with a detailed investigation of correlation effects along the chains of semi-magic isotopes and isotones. This finally allows to define a set of observables which are hardly affected by collective correlations. Those observables were used for a refit of a Skyrme-type effective interaction which is expected to cure most of the problems of the recent parameterizations. Preparing further work, estimates for the correlated ground state energy are proposed which can be evaluated directly from the mean-field model. (orig.)

Possible displacement of mercury's dipole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ng, K.H.; Beard, D.B.

1979-01-01

Earlier attempts to model the Hermean magnetospheric field based on a planet-centered magnetic multipole field have required the addition of a quadrupole moment to obtain a good fit to space vehicle observations. In this work we obtain an equally satisfactory fit by assuming a null quadrupole moment and least squares fitting of the displacement of the planetary dipole from the center of the planet. We find a best fit for a dipole displacement from the planet center of 0.033 R/sub m/ away from the solar direction, 0.025 R/sub m/ toward dawn in the magnetic equatorial plane, and 0.189 R/sub m/ northward along the magnetic dipole axis, where R/sub m/ is the planet radius. Therefore the presence of a magnetic quadrupole moment is not ruled out. The compressed dipole field more completely represents the field in the present work than in previous work where the intrinsic quadrupole field was not included in the magnetopause surface and field calculations. Moreover, we have corrected a programing error in previous work in the computation of dipole tilt lambda away from the sun. We find a slight increase for the planet dipole moment of 190γR/sub m/ 3 and a dipole tilt angle lambda away from the sun. We find a slight increase for the planet moment of 190γR/sub m/ 3 and a dipole tilt angle lambda of only 1.2 0 away from the sun. All other parameters are essentially unchanged

Calculation of the atomic electric dipole moment of Pb2+ induced by nuclear Schiff moment

Science.gov (United States)

Ramachandran, S. M.; Latha, K. V. P.; Meenakshisundaram, N.

2017-07-01

We report the atomic electric dipole moment induced by the P, T violating interactions in the nuclear/sub-nuclear level, for 207Pb2+ and 207Pb, owing to the recent interest in the ferroelectric crystal PbTiO3 as one of the candidates for investigating macroscopic P, T-odd effects. In this paper, we calculate the atomic electric dipole moments of 207Pb and Pb2+, parametrized in terms of the P, T-odd coupling parameter, the nuclear Schiff moment (NSM), S, in the frame-work of the coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock theory. We estimate the Schiff moment of Pb2+ using the experimental result of a system, which is electronically similar to the Pb2+ ion. We present the dominant contributions of the electric dipole moment (EDM) matrix elements and the important correlation effects contributing to the atomic EDM of Pb2+. Our results provide the first ever calculated EDM of the Pb2+ ion, and an estimate of its NSM from which the P, T-odd energy shift in a PbTiO3 crystal can be evaluated.

On multipole moments in general relativity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoenselaers, C.

1986-01-01

In general situations, involving gravitational waves the question of multiple moments in general relativity restricts the author to stationary axisymmetric situations. Here it has been shown that multipole moments, a set of numbers defined at spatial infinity as far away from the source as possible, determine a solution of Einstein's equations uniquely. With the rather powerful methods for generating solutions one might hope to get solutions with predefined multipole moments. Before doing so, however, one needs an efficient algorithm for calculating the moments of a given solution. Chapter 2 deals with a conjecture pertaining to such a calculational procedure and shows it to be not true. There is another context in which multipole moments are important. Consider a system composed of several objects. To separate, if possible, the various parts of their interaction, one needs a definition for multipole moments of individual members of a many body system. In spite of the fact that there is no definition for individual moments, with the exception of mass and angular momentum, Chapter 3 shows what can be done for the double Kerr solution. The authors can identify various terms in he interaction of two aligned Kerr objects and show that gravitational spin-spin interaction is indeed proportional to the product of the angular momenta

Knee joint moments during high flexion movements: Timing of peak moments and the effect of safety footwear.

Science.gov (United States)

Chong, Helen C; Tennant, Liana M; Kingston, David C; Acker, Stacey M

2017-03-01

(1) Characterize knee joint moments and peak knee flexion moment timing during kneeling transitions, with the intent of identifying high-risk postures. (2) Determine whether safety footwear worn by kneeling workers (construction workers, tile setters, masons, roofers) alters high flexion kneeling mechanics. Fifteen males performed high flexion kneeling transitions. Kinetics and kinematics were analyzed for differences in ascent and descent in the lead and trail legs. Mean±standard deviation peak external knee adduction and flexion moments during transitions ranged from 1.01±0.31 to 2.04±0.66% body weight times height (BW∗Ht) and from 3.33 to 12.6% BW∗Ht respectively. The lead leg experienced significantly higher adduction moments compared to the trail leg during descent, when work boots were worn (interaction, p=0.005). There was a main effect of leg (higher lead vs. trail) on the internal rotation moment in both descent (p=0.0119) and ascent (p=0.0129) phases. Peak external knee adduction moments during transitions did not exceed those exhibited during level walking, thus increased knee adduction moment magnitude is likely not a main factor in the development of knee OA in occupational kneelers. Additionally, work boots only significantly increased the adduction moment in the lead leg during descent. In cases where one knee is painful, diseased, or injured, the unaffected knee should be used as the lead leg during asymmetric bilateral kneeling. Peak flexion moments occurred at flexion angles above the maximum flexion angle exhibited during walking (approximately 60°), supporting the theory that the loading of atypical surfaces may aid disease development or progression. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the electric dipole moment and magnetic moment anomaly of the muon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Onderwater, CJG

2005-01-01

The experimental precision of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has been improved to 0.5 part-per-million by the Brookhaven E821 experiment, similar to the theoretical uncertainty. In the same experiment, a new limit on the electric dipole moment of 2.8 x 10(-19) e-cm (95% CL) was set. The

Conceptual design of a compact high gradient quadrupole magnet of varying strength using permanent magnets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gautam Sinha

2018-02-01

Full Text Available A concept is presented to design magnets using cylindrical-shaped permanent-magnet blocks, where various types of magnetic fields can be produced by either rotating or varying the size of the magnetic blocks within a given mechanical structure. A general method is introduced to calculate the 3D magnetic field produced by a set of permanent magnets. An analytical expression of the 2D field and the condition to generate various magnetic fields like dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole are derived. Using the 2D result as a starting point, a computer code is developed to get the optimum orientation of the magnets to obtain the user-specific target field profile over a given volume in 3D. Designs of two quadrupole magnets are presented, one using 12 and the other using 24 permanent-magnet blocks. Variation of the quadrupole strength is achieved using tuning coils of a suitable current density and specially designed end tubes. A new concept is introduced to reduce the integrated quadrupole field strength by inserting two hollow cylindrical tubes made of iron, one at each end. This will not affect the field gradient at the center but reduce the integrated field strength by shielding the magnetic field near the ends where the tubes are inserted. The advantages of this scheme are that it is easy to implement, the magnetic axis will not shift, and it will prevent interference with nearby devices. Around 40% integrated field variation is achieved using this method in the present example. To get a realistic estimation of the field quality, a complete 3D model using a nonlinear B-H curve is also studied using a finite-element-based computer code. An example to generate around an 80  T/m quadrupole field gradient is also presented.

Conceptual design of a compact high gradient quadrupole magnet of varying strength using permanent magnets

Science.gov (United States)

Sinha, Gautam

2018-02-01

A concept is presented to design magnets using cylindrical-shaped permanent-magnet blocks, where various types of magnetic fields can be produced by either rotating or varying the size of the magnetic blocks within a given mechanical structure. A general method is introduced to calculate the 3D magnetic field produced by a set of permanent magnets. An analytical expression of the 2D field and the condition to generate various magnetic fields like dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole are derived. Using the 2D result as a starting point, a computer code is developed to get the optimum orientation of the magnets to obtain the user-specific target field profile over a given volume in 3D. Designs of two quadrupole magnets are presented, one using 12 and the other using 24 permanent-magnet blocks. Variation of the quadrupole strength is achieved using tuning coils of a suitable current density and specially designed end tubes. A new concept is introduced to reduce the integrated quadrupole field strength by inserting two hollow cylindrical tubes made of iron, one at each end. This will not affect the field gradient at the center but reduce the integrated field strength by shielding the magnetic field near the ends where the tubes are inserted. The advantages of this scheme are that it is easy to implement, the magnetic axis will not shift, and it will prevent interference with nearby devices. Around 40% integrated field variation is achieved using this method in the present example. To get a realistic estimation of the field quality, a complete 3D model using a nonlinear B -H curve is also studied using a finite-element-based computer code. An example to generate around an 80 T /m quadrupole field gradient is also presented.

Magnetic moment of 33Cl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuta, K.; Arimura, K.; Nagatomo, T.; Akutsu, K.; Iwakoshi, T.; Kudo, S.; Ogura, M.; Takechi, M.; Tanaka, K.; Sumikama, T.; Minamisono, K.; Miyake, T.; Minamisono, T.; Fukuda, M.; Mihara, M.; Kitagawa, A.; Sasaki, M.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Suda, M.; Hirai, M.; Momota, S.; Nojiri, Y.; Sakamoto, A.; Saihara, M.; Ohtsubo, T.; Alonso, J.R.; Krebs, G.F.; Symons, T.J.M.

2004-01-01

The magnetic moment of 33 Cl (Iπ=3/2+, T1/2=2.51s) has been re-measured precisely by β-NMR method. The obtained magnetic moment |μ|=0.7549(3)μN is consistent with the old value 0.7523(16)μN, but is 5 times more accurate. The value is well reproduced by the shell model calculation, μSM=0.70μN. Combined with the magnetic moment of the mirror partner 33 S, the nuclear matrix elements , , , and were derived

Electric dipole moments reconsidered

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rupertsberger, H.

1989-01-01

The electric dipole moments of elementary particles, atoms, molecules and their connection to the electric susceptibility are discussed for stationary states. Assuming rotational invariance it is emphasized that for such states only in the case of a parity and time reversal violating interaction the considered particles can obtain a nonvanishing expectation value for the electric dipole moment. 1 fig., 13 refs. (Author)

Prototype Superconducting Quadrupole for the ISR low-beta insertion

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1977-01-01

The picture shows the cold mass of the Quadrupole with its outer aluminium alloy rings pre-compressing the superconducting coils via the magnetic yoke split in 4 parts.The end of the inner vacuum chamber,supporting the 6-pole correction windings, can also be seen as well as the electrical connections. See also photos 7702690X, 7702307.

Nuclear moments and deformation changes in the lightest Pt isotopes measured by laser spectroscopy

CERN Document Server

Roussière, B; Crawford, J; Duong, H T; Genevey, J; Girod, M; Huber, G; Ibrahim, F; Krieg, M; Le Blanc, F; Lee, J K P; Obert, J; Oms, J; Peru, S; Pinard, J; Putaux, J C; Sauvage, J; Sebastian, V; Zemlyanoi, S G; Forkel-Wirth, Doris; Lettry, Jacques

1999-01-01

Laser spectroscopy measurements are performed with the lightest neutron-deficient platinum isotopes using the experimental setup COMPLIS installed at the ISOLDE-Booster facility. The hyperfine spectra of /sup 182-178/Pt and /sup 183m/Pt are recorded for the first time from the optical transition 5d/sup 9/6s/sup 3/D/sub 3/ to 5d/sup 9/6p/sup 3/P/sub 2/. The variation in the mean-square charge radius of these nuclei and the magnetic and quadrupole (for I>or=1) moments of the odd isotope nuclei are found. A large deformation change between the /sup 183g/Pt and /sup 183m/Pt nuclei, quite large inverted odd-even staggering of the charge radius around the neutron midshell N=104, and a nuclear deformation drop in the region A=179 are revealed. All the results are discussed in terms of nuclear shape variation and are compared with the results of Hartree-Fock- Bogoliubov calculations involving the Gogny force. Comparison of the deformation measured from /sup 183g, m/Pt to the odd-odd isotone /sup 184g, m/Au shows that...

Christodoulou's nonlinear gravitational-wave memory: Evaluation in the quadrupole approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiseman, A.G.; Will, C.M.

1991-01-01

Christodoulou has found a new nonlinear contribution to the net change in the wave form caused by the passage of a burst of gravity waves (''memory of the burst''). We argue that this effect is nothing but the gravitational wave form generated by the stress energy in the burst itself. We derive an explicit formula for this effect in terms of a retarded-time integral of products of time derivatives of wave-zone gravitational wave forms. The resulting effect corresponds in size to a correction 2.5 post-Newtonian orders [O((Gm/rc 2 ) 5/2 ) =(O(v/c) 5 )] beyond the quadrupole approximation, and is therefore negligible for all but the most relativistic of systems. For gravitational bremsstrahlung from two stars moving at 300 km s -1 , the effect is much less than 10 -10 of the usual linear quadrupole wave form, while for a system of coalescing binary compact objects we estimate that the effect is of order 10 -1 for two neutron stars

Quadrupole oscillations as paradigm of the chaotic motion in nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berezovoj, V.P.; Bolotin, Yu.L.; Gonchar, V.Yu.; Granovsky, M.Ya.

2003-01-01

A complete description of classical dynamics, generated by the Hamiltonian of quadrupole nuclear oscillations, is presented. Those peculiarities of quantum dynamics, which can be interpreted as quantum manifestations of classical stochasticity are identified. Semiclassical approximation to an energy spectrum is developed through quantization of the Birkhoff-Gustavson normal form. We show that the type of classical motion is correlated with the structure of the stationary wave functions. Correlations were found both in the coordinate space (the lattice of nodal curves and the distribution of the probability density) and in the Hilbert space associated with the integrable part of the Hamiltonian. Quadrupole oscillations of nuclei were used to investigate the shell structure destruction induced by the increase of nonintegrable perturbation, which models residual nucleon-nucleon interaction. The process of wave packet tunneling through potential barrier is considered for the case of finite motion. We demonstrate that the stringent correlation between the level quasi-crossing and the wave function delocalization, which leads to the resonant tunneling, takes place [ru

Generating Low Beta Regions with Quadrupoles for Final Muon Cooling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acosta, J. G. [Mississippi U.; Cremaldi, L. M. [Mississippi U.; Hart, T. L. [Mississippi U.; Oliveros, S. J. [Mississippi U.; Summers, D. J. [Mississippi U.; Neuffer, D. V. [Fermilab

2017-05-01

Muon beams and colliders are rich sources of new physics, if muons can be cooled. A normalized rms transverse muon emittance of 280 microns has been achieved in simulation with short solenoids and a betatron function of 3 cm. Here we use ICOOL, G4beamline, and MAD-X to explore using a 400 MeV/c muon beam and strong focusing quadrupoles to approach a normalized transverse emittance of 100 microns and finish 6D muon cooling. The low beta regions produced by the quadrupoles are occupied by dense, low Z absorbers, such as lithium hydride or beryllium, that cool the beam. Equilibrium transverse emittance is linearly proportional to the beta function. Reverse emittance exchange with septa and/or wedges is then used to decrease transverse emittance from 100 to 25 microns at the expense of longitudinal emittance for a high energy lepton collider. Work remains to be done on chromaticity correction.

Moment-to-Moment Optimal Branding in TV Commercials: Preventing Avoidance by Pulsing

OpenAIRE

Thales S. Teixeira; Michel Wedel; Rik Pieters

2010-01-01

We develop a conceptual framework about the impact that branding activity (the audiovisual representation of brands) and consumers' focused versus dispersed attention have on consumer moment-to-moment avoidance decisions during television advertising. We formalize this framework in a dynamic probit model and estimate it with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Data on avoidance through zapping, along with eye tracking on 31 commercials for nearly 2,000 participants, are used to calibrate the mo...

A summary of the quench behavior of B ampersand W 1 m collider quadrupole model magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rey, C.M.; Xu, M.F.; Hlasnicek, P.; Kelley, J.P.; Dixon, K.; Savignano, J.; Letterman, S.; Craig, P.; Maloney, J.; Boyes, D.

1994-01-01

In order to evaluate the quench performance of a B ampersand W-Siemens designed quadrupole magnet at the earliest possible stage, a model magnet program was developed at B ampersand W for the support of the Superconducting Super Collider. The authors report the quench performance, training behavior, and the ramp rate dependence for the QSH-801 through QSH-804 series of short (1.2 meter) quadrupole model magnets

Moment Magnitude discussion in Austria

Science.gov (United States)

Weginger, Stefan; Jia, Yan; Hausmann, Helmut; Lenhardt, Wolfgang

2017-04-01

We implemented and tested the Moment Magnitude estimation „dbmw" from the University of Trieste in our Antelope near real-time System. It is used to get a fast Moment Magnitude solutions and Ground Motion Parameter (PGA, PGV, PSA 0.3, PSA 1.0 and PSA 3.0) to calculate Shake and Interactive maps. A Moment Magnitude Catalogue was generated and compared with the Austrian Earthquake Catalogue and all available Magnitude solution of the neighbouring agencies. Relations of Mw to Ml and Ground Motion to Intensity are presented.

Heavy quark and magnetic moment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mubarak, Ahmad; Jallu, M.S.

1979-01-01

The magnetic moments and transition moments of heavy hadrons including the conventional particles are obtained under the SU(5) truth symmetry scheme. To this end state vectors are defined and the quark additivity principle is taken into account. (author)

Development of a radio-frequency quadrupole cooler for high beam currents

Science.gov (United States)

Boussaid, Ramzi; Ban, G.; Quéméner, G.; Merrer, Y.; Lorry, J.

2017-12-01

The SHIRaC prototype is a recently developed radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler with an improved optics design to deliver the required beam quality to a high resolution separator (HRS). For an isobaric separation of isotopes, the HRS demands beams with emittance not exceeding 3 π mm mrad and longitudinal energy spread ˜1 eV . Simulation studies showed a significant contribution of the buffer gas diffusion, space charge effect and mainly the rf fringe field to degrade the achieved beam quality at the RFQ exit. A miniature rf quadrupole (μ RFQ ) has been implemented at that exit to remove the degrading effects and provide beams with 1 eV of energy spread and around 1.75 π mm mrad of emittance for 4 Pa gas pressure. This solution enables also to transmit more than 60% of the incoming ions for currents up to 1 μ A . Detailed studies of this development are presented and discussed in this paper. Transport of beams from SHIRaC towards the HRS has been done with an electrostatic quadrupole triplet. Simulations and first experimental tests showed that more than 95% of ions can reach the HRS. Because SPIRAL-2 beams are of high current and very radioactive, the buffer gas will be highly contaminated. Safe maintenance of the SHIRaC beam line needs exceptional treatment of radioactive contaminants. For that, special vinyl sleep should be mounted on elements to be maintained. A detailed maintenance process will be presented.

Static electromagnetic properties of giant resonances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koo, W.K.

1986-03-01

Static electric monopole and quadrupole matrix elements, which are related to the mean square radius and quadrupole moment respectively, are derived for giant resonances of arbitrary multipolarity. The results furnish information on the size and shape of the nucleus in the excited giant states. (author)

Design and alaysis of the PEP-II B-Factory HER QF5 quadrupole magnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kendall, C.M.; Harvey, A.; Swan, J.; Yamamoto, R.; Yokota, T.; Tanabe, J.; Sullivan, M.; Wienands, U.

1997-01-01

The High Energy Ring (HER) in Stanford Linear Accelerator Center's PEP-II B-Factory employs two high field quality quadrupole magnets, labeled QF5, located in the Interaction Region (IR) symmetrically about the Interaction Point (IP), for final horizontal beam focusing. An asymmetric, septum, Collins quadrupole design is required for QF5 as a result of space constraints within the IR. Water cooled square hollow copper conductor is used in a two coil per pole configuration to develop the 61.7 kG/m and 82.2 kG/m gradients required for the HER 9 GeV and 12 GeV energy levels respectively. A 1.45 m long laminated iron core constructed in two halves with a 160 mm diameter aperture and pole tip shims shape the quadruple field. The QF5 field quality requirements include a multipole content of b n /b 2 ≤1 x 10 -4 for n = 3-15 at a radius of 78.1 mm. The QF5 quadrupole mechanical and magnetic design and analysis are presented

Harmonic current layer method for the design of superconducting quadrupole magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zizek, F.

1977-01-01

The magnetic field of a superconducting quadrupole is investigated by the method of harmonic current layers of cylindrical shape. The superconducting winding is replaced by a system of thin current layers with a harmonically distributed density of the surface current along the circumference. The effect of the outer ferromagnetic circuit with an arbitrary constant permeability over the cross section is replaced analogically. The resultant magnetic field is then given by the superposition of the contributions from the individual current layers. The calculation method can be modified for the selection of the geometry of the winding for the latter to meet the demand for the high homogeneity of the gradient of magnetic induction in the working space of the superconducting quadrupole. (author)

Electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions at {sup 181}Ta impurity in Zr{sub 2}Ni{sub 7} intermetallic compound: Experiment and first-principles calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dey, C.C., E-mail: chandicharan.dey@saha.ac.in [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064 (India); Srivastava, S.K. [Department of Physics and Meteorology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302 (India)

2013-10-15

Electric quadrupole interactions at {sup 181}Ta impurity in the intermetallic compound Zr{sub 2}Ni{sub 7} have been studied by perturbed angular correlation technique. It has been found that there are two electric field gradients (EFG) at the {sup 181}Ta site due to two different crystalline configurations in Zr{sub 2}Ni{sub 7}, while contradictory results were reported from previous investigations. The values of EFG at room temperature have been found to be V{sub zz}=7.9×10{sup 17} V/cm{sup 2} and 7.1×10{sup 17} V/cm{sup 2} corresponding to present experimental values of quadrupole frequencies and asymmetry parameters for the two sites: ω{sub Q}{sup 1}=70.7(1) Mrad/s, η=0.28(1), δ=0.8(2)% (site fraction 84%) and ω{sub Q}{sup 2}=63(1) Mrad/s, η=0.35(5), δ∼0 (site fraction 9%). Electric field gradients and asymmetry parameters have been computed from the complementary first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to compare with present experimental results. Our calculated values of EFG are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results. No magnetic interactions in Zr{sub 2}Ni{sub 7} have been observed at 298 and 77 K which implies that there is no ferromagnetic ordering in this material down to 77 K. This observation is corroborated by theoretical calculations, wherein no magnetic moment or hyperfine field is found at any atomic site.

Electron Cloud Generation and Trapping in a Quadrupole Magnet at the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macek, Robert J.; Browman, Andrew A.; Ledford, John E.; TechSource, Santa Fe; Los Alamos; Borden, Michael J.; O'Hara, James F.; McCrady, Rodney C.; Rybarcyk, Lawrence J.; Spickermann, Thomas; Zaugg, Thomas J.; Pivi, Mauro T.F.

2008-01-01

Recent beam physics studies on the two-stream e-p instability at the LANL proton storage ring (PSR) have focused on the role of the electron cloud generated in quadrupole magnets where primary electrons, which seed beam-induced multipacting, are expected to be largest due to grazing angle losses from the beam halo. A new diagnostic to measure electron cloud formation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet has been developed, installed, and successfully tested at PSR. Beam studies using this diagnostic show that the 'prompt' electron flux striking the wall in a quadrupole is comparable to the prompt signal in the adjacent drift space. In addition, the 'swept' electron signal, obtained using the sweeping feature of the diagnostic after the beam was extracted from the ring, was larger than expected and decayed slowly with an exponential time constant of 50 to 100 (micro)s. Other measurements include the cumulative energy spectra of prompt electrons and the variation of both prompt and swept electron signals with beam intensity. Experimental results were also obtained which suggest that a good fraction of the electrons observed in the adjacent drift space for the typical beam conditions in the 2006 run cycle were seeded by electrons ejected from the quadrupole

Electron cloud generation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet at the Los Alamos proton storage ring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert J. Macek

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Recent beam physics studies on the two-stream e-p instability at the LANL proton storage ring (PSR have focused on the role of the electron cloud generated in quadrupole magnets where primary electrons, which seed beam-induced multipacting, are expected to be largest due to grazing angle losses from the beam halo. A new diagnostic to measure electron cloud formation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet has been developed, installed, and successfully tested at PSR. Beam studies using this diagnostic show that the “prompt” electron flux striking the wall in a quadrupole is comparable to the prompt signal in the adjacent drift space. In addition, the “swept” electron signal, obtained using the sweeping feature of the diagnostic after the beam was extracted from the ring, was larger than expected and decayed slowly with an exponential time constant of 50 to 100  μs. Other measurements include the cumulative energy spectra of prompt electrons and the variation of both prompt and swept electron signals with beam intensity. Experimental results were also obtained which suggest that a good fraction of the electrons observed in the adjacent drift space for the typical beam conditions in the 2006 run cycle were seeded by electrons ejected from the quadrupole.

Design of the dipole and quadrupole magnets of the dedicated proton synchrotron for hadron therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kukarnikov, S.I.; Makoveev, V.K.; Minashkin, V.F.; Molodozhentsev, A.Yu.; Shevtsov, V.F.; Sidorov, G.I.

1998-01-01

The 2D-calculation results of magnetic elements of the PRAMES (Prague Medical Synchrotron) are presented. This machine is a dedicated accelerator for cancer therapy. The output energy of the beam should be variable in the range 60-220 MeV. The maximum magnetic field of the dipole magnet should be 1.2 T, the maximum magnetic field ramp - less than 8 T/s. The focusing structure of the proton synchrotron consists of 8 dipole and 18 quadrupole magnets. All magnets are laminated to minimize leakage currents. The dipoles are parallel-edge, H-type magnets. The field uniformity should be of the order of ± 1 x 10 -4 in the working area (± 63 mm and ± 27 mm in the horizontal and vertical planes, respectively). The maximum magnetic field on the pole of the quadrupole lenses should be less than 1 T. The gradient uniformity of quadrupole magnets in the working region should be less than ± 3.5 x 10 -4

On fractional Fourier transform moments

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Alieva, T.; Bastiaans, M.J.

2000-01-01

Based on the relation between the ambiguity function represented in a quasi-polar coordinate system and the fractional power spectra, the fractional Fourier transform moments are introduced. Important equalities for the global second-order fractional Fourier transform moments are derived and their

Effective Lagrangian approach to fermion electric dipole moments induced by a CP-violating WWγ vertex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novales-Sanchez, H.; Toscano, J. J.

2008-01-01

The one-loop contribution of the two CP-violating components of the WWγ vertex, κ-tilde γ W μ + W ν - F-tilde μν and (λ-tilde γ /m W 2 )W μν + W ρ -ν F-tilde ρμ , on the electric dipole moment (EDM) of fermions is calculated using dimensional regularization and its impact at low energies reexamined in the light of the decoupling theorem. The Ward identities satisfied by these couplings are derived by adopting a SU L (2)xU Y (1)-invariant approach and their implications in radiative corrections discussed. Previous results on κ-tilde γ , whose bound is updated to |κ-tilde γ | -5 , are reproduced, but disagreement with those existing for λ-tilde γ is found. In particular, the upper bound |λ-tilde γ | -2 is found from the limit on the neutron EDM, which is more than 2 orders of magnitude less stringent than that of previous results. It is argued that this difference between the κ-tilde γ and λ-tilde γ bounds is the one that might be expected in accordance with the decoupling theorem. This argument is reinforced by analyzing carefully the low-energy behavior of the loop functions. The upper bounds on the W EDM, |d W | -21 e·cm, and the magnetic quadrupole moment, |Q-tilde W | -36 e·cm 2 , are derived. The EDM of the second and third families of quarks and charged leptons are estimated. In particular, EDM as large as 10 -20 e·cm and 10 -21 e·cm are found for the t and b quarks, respectively

Behaviour of quadrupole mass spectrometer towards noble gases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasibullah

1980-01-01

This paper describes a quadrupole mass spectrometric set-up for noble gas analysis with its potential application to material accountancy at the input accountability tank of a reprocessing facility. Linear dependence of ion source pressure on the inlet pressure was considered to be practicable criterion for the functionality of the instrument. Short term and long term sensitivity variations have also been discussed. No memory effect was observed under the experimental conditions. (author)

Cooperstock's counterexample to the gravitational-radiation quadrupole formula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, M.

1986-01-01

Cooperstock has recently modified the axially symmetric gravitational two-body problem previously analyzed by himself, Lim, and Hobill by introducing a new assumption, that ''The system undergoes a smooth transition from the static state to free-fall and the motion. . .consists of the two bodies accelerating towards each other while undergoing slow tidal deformation.'' This assumption is inconsistent with his solution of the field equations. The quadrupole formula correctly describes the radiation emitted

Magnetic performance of new Fermilab high gradient quadrupoles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanft, R.; Brown, B.C.; Carson, J.A.; Gourlay, S.A.; Lamm, M.J.; McInturff, A.D.; Mokhtarani, A.; Riddiford, A.

1991-05-01

For the Fermilab Tevatron low beta insertions installed in 1990--1991 as part of a luminosity upgrade there were built approximately 35 superconducting cold iron quadrupoles utilizing a two layer cos 2θ coil geometry with 76 mm diameter aperature. The field harmonics and strengths of these magnets obtained by measurement at cryogenic conditions are presented. Evidence for a longitudinal periodic structure in the remnant field is shown. 6 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs

General quadrupole shapes in the Interacting Boson Model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leviatan, A.

1990-01-01

Characteristic attributes of nuclear quadrupole shapes are investigated within the algebraic framework of the Interacting Boson Model. For each shape the Hamiltonian is resolved into intrinsic and collective parts, normal modes are identified and intrinsic states are constructed and used to estimate transition matrix elements. Special emphasis is paid to new features (e.g. rigid triaxiality and coexisting deformed shapes) that emerge in the presence of the three-body interactions. 27 refs