Y2K UPDATE

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Sverre JARP

1999-01-01

Concerning Y2K preparation, please note the following:Everybody, who has a NICE installation on his/her PC, needs to log in to NICE at least once before Xmas to get the Y2K update installed. This applies especially to dual boot systems.The test schedule on Y2Kplus.cern.ch will be prolonged. The last restart took place on 10 November and two more will take place on 24 November and 8 December, respectively. The Oracle users responsible for the maintenance of Oracle Forms applications which include PL/SQL blocks where date fields are handled with the default format are requested to contact oracle.support@cern.ch at their earliest convenience.Sverre Jarp (CERN Y2K co-ordinator, phone: 74944)

Double diffractive dissociation in the reaction K-p→K-π+π-nπ+ at 14.3 GeV/c and pomeron factorisation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Denegri, D.; Pons, Y.; Borg, A.; Spiro, M.; Paler, K.; Tovey, S.; Comber, C.; Shah, T.P.

1975-01-01

Evidence is presented for the double dissociation process K - p→QN*sub(1/2)→(anti K* 0 π - ) (nπ + ) at 14.3GeV/c. The cross section for the process is of the order of 10 μb. The production differential cross section is steep (for near-threshold excitation masses), as typical of diffractive processes, and exhibits a strong correlation between the production slope and the masses of the dissociated systems. The spin-parity composition and states of the two dissociation systems closely resemble those found in single dissociation, indicating that a common diffraction-like mechanism is responsible for both processes. The mass variations of the differential cross-section slope, the decay angular correlations and the total cross section of the double dissociation component are consistent with the predictions of a factorisable pomeron exchange model. (Auth.)

An Einstein equation for discrete quantum gravity

OpenAIRE

Gudder, Stan

2012-01-01

The basic framework for this article is the causal set approach to discrete quantum gravity (DQG). Let $Q_n$ be the collection of causal sets with cardinality not greater than $n$ and let $K_n$ be the standard Hilbert space of complex-valued functions on $Q_n$. The formalism of DQG presents us with a decoherence matrix $D_n(x,y)$, $x,y\\in Q_n$. There is a growth order in $Q_n$ and a path in $Q_n$ is a maximal chain relative to this order. We denote the set of paths in $Q_n$ by $\\Omega_n$. For...

Rate constant and thermochemistry for K + O2 + N2 = KO2 + N2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sorvajärvi, Tapio; Viljanen, Jan; Toivonen, Juha

2015-01-01

in the form of double exponential decays of [K], which yielded both kR1 and the equilibrium constant for KO2 formation. kR1 can be summarized as 1.07 × 10-30(T/1000 K)-0.733 cm6 molecule-2 s-1. Combination with literature values leads to a recommended kR1 of 5.5 × 10-26T-1.55 exp(-10/T) cm6 molecule-2 s-1...... over 250-1320 K, with an error limit of a factor of 1.5. A vant Hoff analysis constrained to fit the computed ΔS298 yields a K-O2 bond dissociation enthalpy of 184.2 ± 4.0 kJ mol-1 at 298 K and ΔfH298(KO2) = -95.2 ± 4.1 kJ mol-1. The corresponding D0 is 181.5 ± 4.0 kJ mol-1. This value compares well...

Formation and nitrile hydrogenation performance of Ru nanoparticles on a K-doped Al2O3 surface.

Science.gov (United States)

Muratsugu, Satoshi; Kityakarn, Sutasinee; Wang, Fei; Ishiguro, Nozomu; Kamachi, Takashi; Yoshizawa, Kazunari; Sekizawa, Oki; Uruga, Tomoya; Tada, Mizuki

2015-10-14

Decarbonylation-promoted Ru nanoparticle formation from Ru3(CO)12 on a basic K-doped Al2O3 surface was investigated by in situ FT-IR and in situ XAFS. Supported Ru3(CO)12 clusters on K-doped Al2O3 were converted stepwise to Ru nanoparticles, which catalyzed the selective hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines via initial decarbonylation, the nucleation of the Ru cluster core, and the growth of metallic Ru nanoparticles on the surface. As a result, small Ru nanoparticles, with an average diameter of less than 2 nm, were formed on the support and acted as efficient catalysts for nitrile hydrogenation at 343 K under hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. The structure and catalytic performance of Ru catalysts depended strongly on the type of oxide support, and the K-doped Al2O3 support acted as a good oxide for the selective nitrile hydrogenation without basic additives like ammonia. The activation of nitriles on the modelled Ru catalyst was also investigated by DFT calculations, and the adsorption structure of a nitrene-like intermediate, which was favourable for high primary amine selectivity, was the most stable structure on Ru compared with other intermediate structures.

Assessment of undiscovered continuous oil and gas resources of Upper Cretaceous Shales in the Songliao Basin of China, 2017

Science.gov (United States)

Potter, Christopher J.; Schenk, Christopher J.; Pitman, Janet K.; Klett, Timothy R.; Tennyson, Marilyn E.; Gaswirth, Stephanie B.; Leathers-Miller, Heidi M.; Finn, Thomas M.; Brownfield, Michael E.; Mercier, Tracey J.; Marra, Kristen R.; Woodall, Cheryl A.

2018-05-03

Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean undiscovered, technically recoverable resources of 3.3 billion barrels of oil and 887 billion cubic feet of gas in shale reservoirs of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou and Nenjiang Formations in the Songliao Basin of northeastern China.

K-Basin gel formation studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beck, M.A.

1998-01-01

A key part of the proposed waste treatment for K Basin sludge is the elimination of reactive uranium metal by dissolution in nitric acid (Fkirnent, 1998). It has been found (Delegard, 1998a) that upon nitric acid dissolution of the sludge, a gel sometimes forms. Gels are known to sometimes impair solid/liquid separation and/or material transfer. The purpose of the work reported here is to determine the cause(s) of the gel formation and to determine operating parameters for the sludge dissolution that avoid formation of gel. This work and related work were planned in (Fkunent, 1998), (Jewett, 1998) and (Beck, 1998a). This report describes the results of the tests in (Beck, 1998a) with non-radioactive surrogates

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 2-furancarbonitrile, 2-acetylfuran, and 3-furaldehyde

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Amaral, Luisa M.P.F.

2009-01-01

The standard (p 0 = 0.1 MPa) molar energies of combustion of 2-furancarbonitrile, 2-acetylfuran, and 3-furaldehyde were measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry; the Calvet high-temperature microcalorimetry was used to measure the enthalpies of vaporization of these liquid compounds. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of the three compounds, in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K, have been derived from the corresponding standard molar enthalpies of formation in the liquid phase and the standard molar enthalpies of phase transition, as (106.8 ± 1.1) kJ . mol -1 , -(207.4 ± 1.3) kJ . mol -1 , and -(151.9 ± 1.1) kJ . mol -1 , for 2-furancarbonitrile, 2-acetylfuran, and 3-furaldehyde, respectively. Standard molar enthalpies of formation are discussed in terms of the isomerization ortho meta. Enthalpic increment values of the introduction of the functional groups -CN, -CHO, and -COCH 3 were also compared with some other heterocycles; i.e. thiophene and pyridine

A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of A2[(UO2)2(MoO4)O2] compounds with A = K and Rb and calculated phase relations in the system (K2MoO4 + UO3 + H2O)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lelet, Maxim I.; Suleimanov, Evgeny V.; Golubev, Aleksey V.; Geiger, Charles A.; Bosbach, Dirk; Alekseev, Evgeny V.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We determined the low temperature heat capacity of A 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] compounds with A = K and Rb. • We determined enthalpy of formation of K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] by HF solution calorimetry. • We calculated Δ f G° (T = 298 K) of all phases from studied series. • Using obtained data we performed a thermodynamic modelling in the system (K 2 MoO 4 + UO 3 + H 2 O). - Abstract: A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of two alkali-metal uranyl molybdates with general composition A 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], where A = K and Rb, was performed. Both phases were synthesized by solid-state sintering of a mixture of potassium or rubidium nitrate, molybdenum (VI) oxide and gamma-uranium (VI) oxide at high temperatures. The synthetic products were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods. The enthalpy of formation of K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] was determined using HF-solution calorimetry giving Δ f H° (T = 298 K, K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], cr) = −(4018 ± 8) kJ · mol −1 . The low-temperature heat capacity, C p °, was measured using adiabatic calorimetry from T = (7 to 335) K for K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] and from T = (7 to 326) K for Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ]. Using these C p ° values, the third law entropy at T = 298.15 K, S°, is calculated as (374 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ] and (390 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ]. These new experimental results, together with literature data, are used to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation, Δ f G°, for both phases giving: Δ f G° (T = 298 K, K 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )O 2 ], cr) = (−3747 ± 8) kJ · mol −1 and Δ f G° (T = 298 K, Rb 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 )], cr) = −3736 ± 5 kJ · mol −1 . Smoothed C p °(T) values between 0 K and 320 K are presented, along with values for S° and the functions [H°(T) − H°(0)] and [G°(T) − H°(0)], for both phases. The

Raman Spectroscopic Study of Tungsten(VI) Oxosulfato Complexes in WO3–K2S2O7–K2SO4 Molten Mixtures: Stoichiometry, Vibrational Properties and Molecular Structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Paulson, Andreas L.; Kalampounias, Angelos G.; Berg, Rolf W.

2011-01-01

The dissolution reaction of WO3 in pure molten K2S2O7 and in molten K2S2O7-K2SO4 mixtures is studied under static equilibrium conditions in the XWO3 0 = 0-0.33 mol fraction range at temperatures up to 860 C. High temperature Raman spectroscopy shows that the dissolution leads to formation of WVI...... configuration as a core unit within the oxosulfato complexes formed. A quantitative exploitation of the relative Raman intensities in the binary WO3-K2S2O7 system allows the determination of the stoichiometric coefficient, n, of the complex formation reaction WO3 þ nS2O7 2-fC2n-. It is found that n = 1......; therefore, the reaction WO3 þ S2O7 2- f WO2(SO4)2 2- with six-fold W coordination is proposed as fully consistent with the observed Raman features. The effects of the incremental dissolution and presence of K2SO4 inWO3-K2S2O7 melts point to aWO3 3 K2S2O7 3 K2SO4 stoichiometry and a corresponding complex...

Raman Spectroscopy and Statistical Analysis of the Silicate Species and Group Connectivity in Cesium Silicate Glass Forming System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Armenak Osipov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The Raman spectra of x%Cs2O-(100 − x%SiO2 (x=17, 22, 27, 33, and 37 mol% glasses and melts were measured in the temperature range of 293 to 1553 K. The concentrations of the Qn species were calculated as a function of the composition and temperature based on the deconvolution analysis of the spectra. It was found that a dynamic equilibrium among structural units in the melts with x>17 mol% can be described by disproportionation reaction Q3⇔Q4+Q2. The enthalpy of this reaction was found to be equal to 32 ± 6, 43 ± 8, 56 ± 10, and 52 ± 9 for x=22, 27, 33, and 37 mol%, respectively. The nonideal entropy of mixing (ΔSmix depends on the melt temperature and increases almost linearly with increasing temperature. The Qn, Q2–Q2, and Qn,ijkl distributions with x ranging from 0 to 55 mol% were modeled using experimental data for the concentrations of the Qn units.

Stimulation of ceramide formation and suicidal erythrocyte death by vitamin K(3) (menadione).

Science.gov (United States)

Qadri, Syed M; Eberhard, Matthias; Mahmud, Hasan; Föller, Michael; Lang, Florian

2009-11-25

Vitamin K(3) is an essential micronutrient required for the activation of coagulation factors and thus hemostasis. Administration of vitamin K(3) analogues may cause anemia, which at least in theory could be due to stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane leading to exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis is triggered by an increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) activity, by ceramide and by energy depletion (decrease of cytosolic ATP). The present experiments explored, whether vitamin K(3) may influence eryptosis. Hemolysis was estimated from the supernatant hemoglobin concentration, phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes from annexin V-binding in fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis, ceramide formation from binding of fluorescent antibodies, and erythrocyte ATP content from a luciferin-luciferase assay. As a result, vitamin K(3) (> or =1microM) caused lysis of an only small fraction of erythrocytes, but significantly increased ceramide formation, significantly increased the percentage of annexin V-binding erythrocytes, significantly decreased forward scatter and, at higher concentrations, significantly decreased the cellular ATP content. In conclusion, vitamin K(3) stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death, an effect at least partially due to ceramide formation and ATP depletion.

SO2 influence on the K/La2O3 soot combustion catalyst deactivation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peralta, M.A.; Ulla, M.A.; Querini, C.A.

2008-01-01

In the present work, K/La 2 O 3 was prepared and tested as a potential catalyst to be used in a diesel engine exhaust. The soot combustion activity was evaluated by temperature-programmed-oxidation (TPO), and the NO x -catalyst interaction was studied using a microbalance experiment. The SO 2 poisoning process and the regeneration of a poisoned K/La 2 O 3 catalyst were analyzed. The fresh catalyst presented a good soot combustion activity. After being treated with a 1000 ppm SO 2 stream, the catalyst was poisoned due to lanthanum sulfate and potassium sulfate formation. The NO x treatment contributed to the K 2 (SO 4 ) decomposition at the expense of extra La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 formation and the H 2 treatment contributed to the La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 decomposition. (author)

K-p→Ψ-K0+π0+ reactions between 1.95 and 2.55GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billoir, Pierre.

1975-01-01

Within a systematic exploration of the K - p interaction for 7 incident momenta from 1.93 to 2.52GeV/c, the Ψ - K 0 π + and Ψ - K + π 0 from a sample of about 1000 bubble chamber events are studied. At first, the production cross section, mass and width Ψ* 0- (1530) are evaluated; then a partial wave analysis of the K - p→Ψ* 0 K 0 reaction is developed by a maximum likelihood method, through a formation using the transversity amplitudes to calculate the angular distribution of the cascade decay Ψ*→Ψ→Λ from Ψ* polarization. This analysis gives an evidence for the formation of a resonant state on the DD5 wave, with a spin parity 5/2 - , a mass of 2290MeV, a width of 130MeV and a branching ratio √xx' approximately equal to +-0.09 [fr

Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Misung; Na, Woori; Sohn, Cheongmin

2013-09-01

Several reports suggest that obesity is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Vitamin K plays an important role in improving bone metabolism. This study examined the effects of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 supplementation on the biochemical markers of bone turnover and morphological microstructure of the bones by using an obese mouse model. Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a 10% fat normal diet group or a 45% kcal high-fat diet group, with or without 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K1 (Normal diet + K1, high-fat diet + K1) and 200 mg/1000 g vitamin K2 (Normal diet + K2, high-fat diet + K2) for 12 weeks. Serum levels of osteocalcin were higher in the high-fat diet + K2 group than in the high-fat diet group. Serum OPG level of the high-fat diet group, high-fat diet + K1 group, and high-fat diet + K2 group was 2.31 ± 0.31 ng/ml, 2.35 ± 0.12 ng/ml, and 2.90 ± 0.11 ng/ml, respectively. Serum level of RANKL in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than that in the high-fat diet + K1 group and high-fat diet + K2 group (p<0.05). Vitamin K supplementation seems to tend to prevent bone loss in high-fat diet induced obese state. These findings suggest that vitamin K supplementation reversed the high fat diet induced bone deterioration by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast activities and prevent bone loss in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Formation of 1,2-diaminomaleicdinitrile crystals in radiolized solid hydrogen cyanide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mozhaev, P.S.; Kichigina, G.A.; Aliev, Z.G.; Kiryukhin, D.P.; Atovmyan, L.O.; Barkalov, I.M.

1994-01-01

A study was made on possibility of formation of 1,2-diaminomaleicdinitrile and mechanism of its occurrence in space environment. It was shown in experiments, that 1,2-diaminomaleicdinitrile crystals formed in solid HCN matrix, decomposed radiolytically at 77 K by 60 Co γ-rays with dose of 800 kGy during its sublimation T ≤ 260 K along with conjugated polymer of -C=N-C=N- type. It is shown that radiolysis of solid hydrocyanic acid results to formation of 1,2-diaminomaleicdinitrile with radiation yield G > 2. 11 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab

Surface antigens contribute differently to the pathophysiological features in serotype K1 and K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from liver abscesses.

Science.gov (United States)

Yeh, Kuo-Ming; Chiu, Sheng-Kung; Lin, Chii-Lan; Huang, Li-Yueh; Tsai, Yu-Kuo; Chang, Jen-Chang; Lin, Jung-Chung; Chang, Feng-Yee; Siu, Leung-Kei

2016-01-01

The virulence role of surface antigens in a single serotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain have been studied, but little is known about whether their contribution will vary with serotype. To investigate the role of K and O antigen in hyper-virulent strains, we constructed O and K antigen deficient mutants from serotype K1 STL43 and K2 TSGH strains from patients with liver abscess, and characterized their virulence in according to the abscess formation and resistance to neutrophil phagocytosis, serum, and bacterial clearance in liver. Both of K1 and K2-antigen mutants lost their wildtype resistance to neutrophil phagocytosis and hepatic clearance, and failed to cause abscess formation. K2-antigen mutant became serum susceptible while K1-antigen mutant maintained its resistance to serum killing. The amount of glucuronic acid, indicating the amount of capsular polysaccharide (CPS, K antigen), was inversed proportional to the rate of phagocytosis. O-antigen mutant of serotype K1 strains had significantly more amount of CPS, and more resistant to neutrophil phagocytosis than its wildtype counterpart. O-antigen mutants of serotype K1 and K2 strains lost their wildtype serum resistance, and kept resistant to neutrophil phagocytosis. While both mutants lacked the same O1 antigen, O-antigen mutant of serotype K1 became susceptible to liver clearance and cause mild abscess formation, but its serotype K2 counterpart maintained these wildtype virulence. We conclude that the contribution of surface antigens to virulence of K. pneumoniae strains varies with serotypes.

Cluster formation of network-modifier cations in cesium silicate glasses

Science.gov (United States)

Jardón-Álvarez, Daniel; Sanders, Kevin J.; Phyo, Pyae; Baltisberger, Jay H.; Grandinetti, Philip J.

2018-03-01

Natural abundance 29Si two-dimensional magic-angle flipping (2D MAF) NMR spectra were measured in a series of ten cesium silicate glass compositions xCs2O.(1 - x)SiO2, where x is 0.067, 0.113, 0.175, 0.179, 0.218, 0.234, 0.263, 0.298, 0.31, and 0.36. The Q3 shielding anisotropy decreases with increasing Cs content—interpreted as an increase in the non-bridging oxygen (NBO) bond length from increasing Cs coordination (clustering) around the NBO. The 29Si 2D MAF spectra for four glass compositions x = 0.218, 0.234, 0.263, 0.298 exhibit a second co-existing and distinctly smaller shielding anisotropy corresponding to a significantly longer Si-NBO length arising from a higher degree of Cs clustering around the NBO. This second Q3 site appears at a Cs2O mole fraction close to the critical mole fraction of x = 0.24 associated with the percolation threshold of non-bridging oxygen in random close packing of oxygen, thus suggesting that the longer Si-NBO length is associated with an infinite size spanning cluster while the sites with larger anisotropies are associated with shorter Si-NBO lengths and belong to finite size clusters. The equilibrium constant of the Q3 disproportionation reaction was determined as k3 = 0.005, indicating a Qn anionic species distribution close to a binary model as expected for a low field strength modifier such as cesium. It is also found that evolution of the isotropic Q4 and line shapes with increasing Cs content are consistent with a random connectivity model between Qn of differing number of bridging oxygen, n.

SO4--SO3- radical pair formation in Ce doped and Ce, U co-doped K3Na(SO4)2: EPR evidence and its role in TSL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Natarajan, V.; Seshagiri, T.K.; Kadam, R.M.; Sastry, M.D.

2002-01-01

Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on cerium doped and cerium-uranium co-doped K 3 Na(SO 4 ) 2 samples after γ-irradiation. Three glow peaks around 352, 415 and 475 K were observed and their spectral characteristics have shown that Ce 3+ and UO 2 2+ act as the emission centres in K 3 Na(SO 4 ) 2 :Ce and K 3 Na(SO 4 ) 2 :Ce, U, respectively. In Ce-U co-doped sample, energy transfer from cerium to uranium takes place. The commonly occurring radiation-induced centres in sulphates, viz SO 3 - and SO 4 - were observed by EPR and SO 4 - radical ion was found to take part in the TSL emission at 415 K. The hitherto unknown information, however, is the formation of SO 4 - -SO 3 - radical pair creating deep traps in these lattices, apparently assisted by the dopants. This is the first observation of such radical pair formation leading to the identification of deep traps in this lattice. The radical pair, (SO 3 - -SO 4 - ) which is stable up to 970 K, decreases the intensity of the peak at 415 K due to the depletion of SO 4 - centres

Raman Spectroscopy evidence of 1:1:1 complex formation during dissolution of WO3 : K2SO4 in a melt of K2S2O7

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Berg, Rolf W.; Maijó Ferré, Irene

2005-01-01

The dissolution reaction of solid WO3 into a melt consisting of a 1:1 molar mixture of K2S2O7 and K2SO4 was studied by Raman spectroscopy. It was found that a new compound was formed, dimeric K8[(WO2)2(m-SO4)2(SO4)4]. The assigned Raman spectrum is given. Extended abstract of Poster presented...

Experimental redetermination of the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of ethyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Ana Filipa L.O.M.; Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.

2013-01-01

The condensed phase standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of ethyl-2-thiophenecarboxylate was derived from the remeasured standard molar energy of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, by rotating bomb combustion calorimetry and the standard molar enthalpy of vaporization, at T = 298.15 K, remeasured by Calvet microcalorimetry. Combining these two values, the following enthalpy of formation in the gas phase, at T = 298.15 K, was then derived for ethyl-2-thiophenecarboxylate: −(277.7 ± 2.9) kJ · mol −1 . The calculated gas-phase enthalpy of formation of the title compound, through the G3(MP2)//B3LYP approach was found to be 278.9 kJ · mol −1 , in excellent agreement with the experimental measured value

Raman Spectroscopy Evidence of 1:1:1 Complex Formation during Dissolution of WO3 in a Melt of K2S2O7: K2SO4

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Berg, Rolf W.; Ferré, Irene Maijó; Schäffer, Susan Jeanne Cline

2006-01-01

Highly inert yellow solid WO3 was found to be soluble in considerable amounts in molten K2S2O7 at elevated temperatures (650 8C), if only similar molar amounts of sulfates were also present. The dissolution reaction of WO3 into a melt consisting of a 1:1 molar mixture of K2S2O7 and K2SO4...

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 1-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol, 1-piperidineethanol, and 2-piperidineethanol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Cabral, Joana I.T.A.

2006-01-01

The standard (p o =0.1MPa) molar enthalpies of combustion, Δ c H m o , for the liquid compounds 1-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol, 1-piperidineethanol, and 2-piperidineethanol, were measured by static bomb calorimetry, in oxygen, at T=298.15K. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization, at T=298.15K, of these three liquid compounds were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. -Δ c H m o (l)/(kJ.mol -1 )Δ l g H m o /(kJ.mol -1 )1-Methyl-2-piperidinemethanol4598.3+/-1.868. 22+/-0.711-Piperidineethanol4595.2+/-1.764.18+/-0.812 -Piperidineethanol4566.2+/-1.375.24+/-0.52 These values, were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds, at T=298.15K, in their liquid and gaseous phase, respectively. The derived standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the gaseous state, are analyzed in terms of enthalpic increments and interpreted in terms of molecular structure.

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3- and 4-cyanobenzoic acids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Amaral, Luisa M.P.F.; Boaventura, Cristina R.P.; Gomes, Jose R.B.

2008-01-01

The standard (p 0 = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3- and 4-cyanobenzoic acids were derived from their standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet high temperature vacuum sublimation technique was used to measure the enthalpies of sublimation of 2- and 3-cyanobenzoic acids. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of the three compounds, in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K, have been derived from the corresponding standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed phase and standard molar enthalpies for phase transition. The results obtained are -(150.7 ± 2.0) kJ . mol -1 , -(153.6 ± 1.7) kJ . mol -1 and -(157.1 ± 1.4) kJ . mol -1 for 2-cyano, 3-cyano and 4-cyanobenzoic acids, respectively. Standard molar enthalpies of formation were also estimated by employing two different methodologies: one based on the Cox scheme and the other one based on several different computational approaches. The calculated values show a good agreement with the experimental values obtained in this work

Vibrational modes and Structure of Niobium(V) Oxosulfato Complexes in the Molten Nb2O5-K2S2O7-K2SO4 System Studied by Raman Spectroscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Paulsen, Andreas L.; Borup, Flemming; Berg, Rolf W.

2010-01-01

The structural and vibrational properties of NbV oxosulfato complexes formed in Nb2O5-K2S2O7 and Nb2O5-K2S2O7-K2SO4 molten mixtures with 0 ... for the binary Nb2O5-K2S2O7 molten system indicate that the dissolution of Nb2O5 proceeds with consumption of S2O7 leading to the formation of a NbV oxosulfato complex according to Nb2O5 + nS2O7 --> C2n-; a simple formalism exploiting the relative Raman band intensities is used for determining the stoichiometric...... coefficient, n, pointing to n = 3 and to the following reaction: Nb2O5 + 3S2O7 --> 2NbO(SO4)3, which is consistent with the Raman spectra of the molten mixtures. Nb2O5 could be dissolved much easier when K2SO4 was present in an equimolar (1:1) SO4/Nb ratio; the incremental presence of K2SO4 in Nb2O5-K2S2O7...

Catholyte-Free Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Wonhee; Kim, Young Eun; Youn, Min Hye; Jeong, Soon Kwan; Park, Ki Tae

2018-04-16

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into value-added chemicals is a promising strategy to reduce CO 2 emission and mitigate climate change. One of the most serious problems in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) is the low solubility of CO 2 in an aqueous electrolyte, which significantly limits the cathodic reaction rate. This paper proposes a facile method of catholyte-free electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to avoid the solubility limitation using commercial tin nanoparticles as a cathode catalyst. Interestingly, as the reaction temperature rises from 303 K to 363 K, the partial current density (PCD) of formate improves more than two times with 52.9 mA cm -2 , despite the decrease in CO 2 solubility. Furthermore, a significantly high formate concentration of 41.5 g L -1 is obtained as a one-path product at 343 K with high PCD (51.7 mA cm -2 ) and high Faradaic efficiency (93.3 %) via continuous operation in a full flow cell at a low cell voltage of 2.2 V. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The hydroxyl functionality and a rigid proximal N are required for forming a novel non-covalent quinine-heme complex.

Science.gov (United States)

Alumasa, John N; Gorka, Alexander P; Casabianca, Leah B; Comstock, Erica; de Dios, Angel C; Roepe, Paul D

2011-03-01

Quinoline antimalarial drugs bind both monomeric and dimeric forms of free heme, with distinct preferences depending on the chemical environment. Under biological conditions, chloroquine (CQ) appears to prefer to bind to μ-oxo dimeric heme, while quinine (QN) preferentially binds monomer. To further explore this important distinction, we study three newly synthesized and several commercially available QN analogues lacking various functional groups. We find that removal of the QN hydroxyl lowers heme affinity, hemozoin (Hz) inhibition efficiency, and antiplasmodial activity. Elimination of the rigid quinuclidyl ring has similar effects, but elimination of either the vinyl or methoxy group does not. Replacing the quinuclidyl N with a less rigid tertiary aliphatic N only partially restores activity. To further study these trends, we probe drug-heme interactions via NMR studies with both Fe and Zn protoporphyrin IX (FPIX, ZnPIX) for QN, dehydroxyQN (DHQN), dequinuclidylQN (DQQN), and deamino-dequinuclidylQN (DADQQN). Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the presence of FPIX demonstrate that these compounds differentially perturb FPIX monomer-dimer equilibrium. We also isolate the QN-FPIX complex formed under mild aqueous conditions and analyze it by mass spectrometry, as well as fluorescence, vibrational, and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. The data elucidate key features of QN pharmacology and allow us to propose a refined model for the preferred binding of QN to monomeric FPIX under biologically relevant conditions. With this model in hand, we also propose how QN, CQ, and amodiaquine (AQ) differ in their ability to inhibit Hz formation. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2ND Annual Report on Contract N00014-88-K-0059

Science.gov (United States)

1989-10-01

dogs, and adrenally insufficient humans are very fragile and do not survive this type of stress. Further studies in this lab have revealed that the...epinephrine and dopamine . Life Sci 21:625. 33) Pirkle JC, Gann DS, Allen-Rolands CF 1982 role of the pituitary in restitution of blood volume after...represent means+ SE. 17 Li z LO 0~0 0 I0 0 0r -C C a- C 0 00 00 Li LCC) 0 1 (lw/6d) HIDV Uol G6uDJ) Plasma AVP (pg/ml) 10 co C Do-+- 3 CA / 0j x N~ Q~N + 0

U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology from the Cerro Empexa Formation, 1st and 2nd Regions, Precordillera, northern Chile

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomlinson, A.J; Martin, M.W; Blanco, N.; Perez de Arce, C

2001-01-01

The Cerro Empexa Formation (Galli, 1957) is a regionally distributed andesitic volcanic and continental sedimentary unit exposed in the Precordillera of the 1st and 2nd Regions of northern Chile. The formation has generally been considered to lie within the Lower or 'mid' Cretaceous, however, this assignment is based on scant, unreliable geochronologic data. Furthermore, there are conflicting interpretations as to whether the unit predates or postdates the first major Mesozoic shortening event affecting northern Chile. Because of the formation's presumed mid-Cretaceous age and its stratigraphic position over older back-arc sedimentary successions, the unit has been interpreted to represent products of the first eastward jump in the Andean magmatic arc from the arc's initial position in the Cordillera de la Costa (Scheuber and Reutter, 1992). In this paper we present the results of mapping and field observations that indicate exposures previously assigned to the Cerro Empexa Formation include two andesitic volcanic units separated by a major unconformity. The Cerro Empexa Formation proper lies above this unconformity. We also present U-Pb zircon and K-Ar geochronology that indicate the Cerro Empexa Formation is latest Cretaceous in its lower levels, and integrate our data with previously reported 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and fission-track data in the Cerros de Montecristo area (Maksaev, 1990; Maksaev and Zentilli, 1999) to show that 1800±600 m of rocks were deposited within ca. 2.5 m.y (au)

Nature of nitrogen specie in coke and their role in NOx formation during FCC catalyst regeneration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babich, I.V.; Seshan, K.; Lefferts, L.

2005-01-01

NO x emission during the regeneration of coked fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is an environmental problem. In order to follow the route to NO x formation and try to find ways to suppress it, a coked industrial FCC catalyst has been prepared using model N-containing compounds, e.g., pyridine, pyrrole, aniline and hexadecane-pyridine mixture. Nitrogen present in the FCC feed is incorporated as polyaromatic compounds in the coke deposited on the catalyst during cracking. Its functionality has been characterized using XPS. Nitrogen specie of different types, namely, pyridine, pyrrolic or quaternary-nitrogen (Q-N) have been discriminated. Decomposition of the coke during the catalyst regeneration (temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and isothermal oxidation) has been monitored by GC and MS measurements of the gaseous products formed. The pyrrolic- and pyridinic-type N specie, present more in the outer coke layers, are oxidized under conditions when still large amount of C or CO is available from coke to reduced NO x formed to N 2 . ''Q-N'' type species are present in the inner layer, strongly adsorbed on the acid sites on the catalyst. They are combusted last during regeneration. As most of the coke is already combusted at this point, lack of reductants (C, CO, etc.) results in the presence of NO x in the tail gas

What is the enthalpy of formation of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miranda, Margarida S.; Duarte, Darío J.R.; Liebman, Joel F.

2016-01-01

There are two contemporary conflicting, indeed, incompatible determinations of measurements of the enthalpies of combustion and of formation of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid in the literature, (−2268.0 ± 0.9 and −271.2 ± 1.1 kJ · mol −1 ) and (−2211.4 ± 0.9 and −327.8 ± 1.1 kJ · mol −1 ). The current paper discusses these two sets of values and from the use of a measurement of the enthalpy of sublimation, a newly evaluated enthalpy of formation of pyrazine itself, and of the quantum chemical calculations at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP level, the former results are accepted and the derived gas phase enthalpy of formation, −(167.6 ± 3.1) kJ · mol −1 , suggested.

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over SnO2-K2O/Zeolite Y Catalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jun Sung; Kim, Ji Eun; Kang, Mi Sook

2011-01-01

The SnO 2 with a particle size of about 300 nm instead of Ni is used in this study to overcome rapid catalytic deactivation by the formation of a NiAl 2 O 4 spinal structure on the conventional Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst and simultaneously impregnated the catalyst with potassium (K). The SnO 2 -K 2 O impregnated Zeolite Y catalyst (SnO 2 -K 2 O/ZY) exhibited significantly higher ethanol reforming reactivity that that achieved with SnO 2 100 and SnO 2 30 wt %/ZY catalysts. The main products from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) over the SnO 2 -K 2 O/ ZY catalyst were H 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 , with no evidence of any CO molecule formation. The H 2 production and ethanol conversion were maximized at 89% and 100%, respectively, over SnO 2 30 wt %-K 2 O 3.0 wt %/ZY at 600 .deg. C for 1 h at a CH 3 CH 2 OH:H 2 O ratio of 1:1 and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 12,700 h -1 . No catalytic deactivation occurred for up to 73 h. This result is attributable to the easier and weaker of reduction of Sn components and acidities over SnO 2 -K 2 O/ZY catalyst, respectively, than those of Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts

Neutron diffraction studies of magnetic ordering in superconducting ErNi2B2C and TmNi2B2C in an applied magnetic field

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toft, Katrine Nørgaard

The field-induced magnetic structures of ErNi2B2C and TmNi2B2C in are especially interesting because the field suppresses the superconducting order parameter and therefore the magnetic properties can be studied while varying the strength ofsuperconductivity. ErNi2B2C: For magnetic fields along all.......483,0,0). The appearance of the QN phase wasinitially believed to be caused by the suppression of superconductivity. This suppression should make it favorable to create a magnetic order with a Q-vector determined by the maximum in the magnetic susceptibility at the Fermi surface nesting vector QN.The phase diagram...... three symmetry directions, the observed magnetic structures have a period corresponding to the Fermi surface nesting structure. The phase diagrams present all the observed magnetic structures.Two results remain unresolved: 1. When applying the magnetic field along [010], the minority domain (QNB = (0,Q...

A compilation of K+p --> K0 DELTA++ cross sections below 2 GeV/c

CERN Document Server

Giacomelli, G; Piccinini, M; Rimondi, F; Serra-Lugaresi, P

1976-01-01

Data published up to June 1976 on the quasi-two-body reaction K+p --> K0 DELTA++, with DELTA++ -->ppi+, are compiled for laboratory momenta from 0.7 to 2 GeV/c. They include integrated cross-sections, differencial cross-sections, average and differential density matrix elements, as well as coefficients of the Legendre polynomial expensions of the production differential distributions. The data are presented in the form og graphs and computer-produced tables. The method of computation is the same as in a previous report (CERN-HERA-75-1) on K+N cross-sections below2 GeV/c, to which the reader is referred for details on cards formats, notations, etc.

Electrostatic Interactions Positively Regulate K-Ras Nanocluster Formation and Function▿

Science.gov (United States)

Plowman, Sarah J.; Ariotti, Nicholas; Goodall, Andrew; Parton, Robert G.; Hancock, John F.

2008-01-01

The organization of Ras proteins into plasma membrane nanoclusters is essential for high-fidelity signal transmission, but whether the nanoscale enviroments of different Ras nanoclusters regulate effector interactions is unknown. We show using high-resolution spatial mapping that Raf-1 is recruited to and retained in K-Ras-GTP nanoclusters. In contrast, Raf-1 recruited to the plasma membrane by H-Ras is not retained in H-Ras-GTP nanoclusters. Similarly, upon epidermal growth factor receptor activation, Raf-1 is preferentially recruited to K-Ras-GTP and not H-Ras-GTP nanoclusters. The formation of K-Ras-GTP nanoclusters is inhibited by phosphorylation of S181 in the C-terminal polybasic domain or enhanced by blocking S181 phosphorylation, with a concomitant reduction or increase in Raf-1 plasma membrane recruitment, respectively. Phosphorylation of S181 does not, however, regulate in vivo interactions with the nanocluster scaffold galectin-3 (Gal3), indicating separate roles for the polybasic domain and Gal3 in driving K-Ras nanocluster formation. Together, these data illustrate that Ras nanocluster composition regulates effector recruitment and highlight the importance of lipid/protein nanoscale environments to the activation of signaling cascades. PMID:18458061

Nucleoli in human early erythroblasts (K2, K1, K1/2 cells).

Science.gov (United States)

Smetana, K; Jirásková, I; Klamová, H

2005-01-01

Human early erythroid precursors classified according to the nuclear size were studied to provide information on nucleoli in these cells using simple cytochemical procedures for demonstration of RNA and proteins of silver-stained nucleolar organizers. K2 cells with nuclear diameter larger than 13 microm and K1 cells with nuclear diameter larger than 9 microm corresponding to proerythroblasts and macroblasts (large basophilic erythroblasts) mostly possessed large irregularly shaped nucleoli with multiple fibrillar centres representing "active nucleoli". K1/2 cells with nuclear diameter smaller than 9 microm corresponding to small basophilic erythroblasts were usually characterized by the presence of micronucleoli representing "inactive nucleolar types". On the other hand, a few K1/2 cells contained large nucleoli with multiple fibrillar centres similar to those present in K2 cells and thus appeared as "microproerythroblasts". The nucleolar asynchrony expressed by the presence of large irregularly shaped nucleoli with multiple nucleoli (active nucleoli) and ring-shaped nucleoli (resting nucleoli) in one and the same nucleus of K2 or K1 cells was not exceptional and might reflect a larger resistance of these cells to negative factors influencing the erythropoiesis. The intranucleolar translocation of silver-stained nucleolus organized regions was noted in K2 cells and might indicate the premature aging of these cells without further differentiation. More studies, however, are required in this direction.

Phase diagrams and physicochemical properties of Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems at 323 K

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Shan; Yu, Xudong; Cheng, Xinglong; Zeng, Ying

2017-11-01

The phase and physicochemical properties diagrams of Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems at 323 K were constructed using the experimentally measured solubilities, densities, and refractive indices. The Schreinemakers' wet residue method and the X-ray diffraction were used for the determination of the compositions of solid phase. Results show that these two systems belong to the hydrate I type, with no solid solution or double salt formation. The borate phases formed in our experiments are RbB5O6(OH)4 · 2H2O, Li2B4O5(OH)4 · H2O, and K2B4O5(OH)4 · 2H2O. Comparison between the stable phase diagrams of the studied system at 288, 323, and 348 K show that in this temperature range, the crystallization form of salts do not changed. With the increase in temperature, the crystallization field of Li2B4O5(OH)4 · H2O salt at 348 K is obviously larger than that at 288 K. In the Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems, the densities and refractive indices of the solutions (at equilibrium) increase along with the mass fraction of K2B4O7 (Rb2B4O7), and reach the maximum values at invariant point E.

Vitamin K2 stimulates osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-κB activation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamaguchi, Masayoshi; Weitzmann, M Neale

2011-01-01

Several bone protective factors are reported to exhibit stimulatory activities on bone formation coupled with inhibitory effects on bone resorption; one such factor is vitamin K2. Vitamin K species [K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone)] have long been associated with bone protective activities and are receiving intense interest as nutritional supplements for the prevention or amelioration of bone disease in humans. However, the mechanisms of vitamin K action on the skeleton are poorly defined. Activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway is essential for osteoclast formation and resorption. By contrast, NF-κB signaling potently antagonizes osteoblast differentiation and function, prompting us to speculate that NF-κB antagonists may represent a novel class of dual anti-catabolic and pro-anabolic agents. We now show that vitamin K2 action on osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity is accomplished by down-regulating basal and cytokine-induced NF-κB activation, by increasing IκB mRNA, in a γ-carboxylation-independent manner. Furthermore, vitamin K2 prevented repression by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) of SMAD signaling induced by either transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Vitamin K2 further antagonized receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB activation in osteoclast precursors. Our data provide a novel mechanism to explain the dual pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic activities of vitamin K2, and may further support the concept that pharmacological modulation of NF-κB signal transduction may constitute an effective mechanism for ameliorating pathological bone loss and for promoting bone health.

Thermodynamic properties and behaviour of A2[(UO2)(MoO4)2] compounds with A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lelet, Maxim I.; Suleimanov, Evgeny V.; Golubev, Aleksey V.; Geiger, Charles A.; Depmeier, Wulf; Bosbach, Dirk; Alekseev, Evgeny V.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Low temperature heat capacity of A 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) series was determined. • Enthalpy of formation of Li 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] was determined by HF solution calorimetry. • Δ f G° (T = 298 K) of all phases from studied series were calculated. - Abstract: A thermodynamic investigation of five alkali-metal uranyl molybdates of the general formula A 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], where A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, was undertaken. The various phases were synthesized by solid-state reaction of ANO 3, with A = Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs, MoO 3 and γ-UO 3 . The synthetic products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods. The low-temperature heat capacity, S r °, was measured using adiabatic calorimetry from T = (6 to 335) K. Based on these data, the third law entropy at T = 298.15 K, S°, is (345 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Li 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], (373 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Na 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], (390 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for K 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], (377 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Rb 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] and (394 ± 1) J · K −1 · mol −1 for Cs 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ]. The enthalpy of formation of Li 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] was determined using HF solution calorimetry giving Δ f H°(T = 298 K, Li 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3456 ± 9) kJ · mol −1 . Using these new experimental results, together with literature data, the Gibbs free energy of formation of each compound was calculated, giving: Δ f G°(T = 298 K, Li 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3204 ± 9) kJ · mol −1 , Δ f G°(T = 298 K, Na 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3243 ± 2) kJ · mol −1 , Δ f G°(T = 298 K, K 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3269 ± 3) kJ · mol −1 , Δ f G°(T = 298 K, Rb 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3262 ± 3) kJ · mol −1 , and Δ f G°(T = 298 K, Cs 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ], cr) = −(3259 ± 3) kJ · mol −1 . Smoothed S r °(T) values

The effect of ultralow temperature on olefin cation formation by ionic fragmentation in the radiolysis of 2,3-dimethylbutane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyazaki, Tetsuo

1991-01-01

The formation of olefin cations in the radiolysis of 2,3-dimethylbutane (DMB) was studied by ESR at 4.2 and 77 K. When a DMB-SF 6 mixture is γ-irradiated at 77 K, tetramethylethylene (TME) cations are formed remarkably. The formation of the TME cations, however, is suppressed at 4.2 K. When the DMB-SF 6 mixture is γ-irradiated at 4.2 K and then warmed to 77 K, TME cations are formed by thermal annealing. The TME cations are not formed by a charge transfer to olefinic impurities or olefinic products in radiolysis, but by H 2 elimination from parent DMB cations in the ground state. The remarkable formation of olefin cations at 77 K corresponds to the large yields of unsaturated dimers in the radiolysis of DMB at 77 K. The suppression of olefin cation formation at 4.2 K corresponds to the low yields of unsaturated dimers in the radiolysis of DMB at 4.2 K. (author)

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Lobo Ferreira, Ana I.M.C.; Barros, Ana L.M.; Bessa, Ana R.C.; Brito, Barbara C.S.A.; Vieira, Joana A.S.; Martins, Silvia A.P.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Enthalpies of formation of 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene were measured by combustion calorimetry. → Vapor pressures of crystalline 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene obtained by Knudsen effusion mass loss technique. → Enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs functions of sublimation at T = 298.15 K were calculated. - Abstract: The standard (p o = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation, in the crystalline state, of the 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene were derived from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static-bomb combustion calorimetry. Vapor pressure measurements at different temperatures, using the Knudsen mass loss effusion technique, enabled the determination of the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, for both isomers. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, for 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene, were also measured by high-temperature Calvet microcalorimetry. (table) Combining these two experimental values, the gas-phase standard molar enthalpies, at T = 298.15 K, were derived and compared with those estimated by employing two different methodologies: one based on the Cox scheme and the other one based on G3MP2B3 calculations. The calculated values show a good agreement with the experimental values obtained in this work.

STRA TEGI SOLUSI MENGHADAPI MASALAH Y2K

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bambang Setiarso

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Masalah Y2K temyata membuat pusing manusia yang menggunakan komputer untuk memasuki milenium ketiga mendatang, pasalnya adalah adanya suatu bahaya yang mengancam seluruh sistem yang operasionalnya menggunakan teknologi informasi (komputer. Ancamanini adalah masalah pemrogaman komputer hanya 2 karakter (digit dalam mempresentasikan tahun, dikenal dengan ancaman "millennium bug" atau masalah Y2K (problem tahun 2000. Masalah ini menyebabkan sistem komputer, bisa perangkat keras, perangkat lunaknya yang menyimpan tahun dengan format dua angka, tidak dapat membedakan tahun 2000 dengan tahun 1900 karena keduanya sama-sama direpresentasikan oleh sistem komputer menjadi angka 00.Sekarang kita lihat dulu pengertian teknologi informasi yang lebih holistikyaitu: teknologi informasi mencakup komponen teknologi yang dibutuhkan untuk mengolah, menyimpan, dan menyampaikan informasi.

Chemical and Electrochemical Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins in I(2)-K(2)CO(3)-K(2)OsO(2)(OH)(4) and I(2)-K(3)PO(4)/K(2)HPO(4)-K(2)OsO(2)(OH)(4) Systems with Sharpless' Ligand.

Science.gov (United States)

Torii, Sigeru; Liu, Ping; Bhuvaneswari, Narayanaswamy; Amatore, Christian; Jutand, Anny

1996-05-03

Iodine-assisted chemical and electrochemical asymmetric dihydroxylation of various olefins in I(2)-K(2)CO(3)-K(2)OsO(2)(OH)(4) and I(2)-K(3)PO(4)/K(2)HPO(4)-K(2)OsO(2)(OH)(4) systems with Sharpless' ligand provided the optically active glycols in excellent isolated yields and high enantiomeric excesses. Iodine (I(2)) was used stoichiometrically for the chemical dihydroxylation, and good results were obtained with nonconjugated olefins in contrast to the case of potassium ferricyanide as a co-oxidant. The potentiality of I(2) as a co-oxidant under stoichiometric conditions has been proven to be effective as an oxidizing mediator in electrolysis systems. Iodine-assisted asymmetric electro-dihydroxylation of olefins in either a t-BuOH/H(2)O(1/1)-K(2)CO(3)/(DHQD)(2)PHAL-(Pt) or t-BuOH/H(2)O(1/1)-K(3)PO(4)/K(2)HPO(4)/(DHQD)(2)PHAL-(Pt) system in the presence of potassium osmate in an undivided cell was investigated in detail. Irrespective of the substitution pattern, all the olefins afforded the diols in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. A plausible mechanism is discussed on the basis of cyclic voltammograms as well as experimental observations.

Thermodynamics of proton binding and weak (Cl−, Na+ and K+) species formation, and activity coefficients of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (deferiprone)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bretti, Clemente; Cigala, Rosalia Maria; Crea, Francesco; Lando, Gabriele; Sammartano, Silvio

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: Trend of the deferiprone protonation constant (log K 1 H ) vs. ionic strength (in the molal concentration scale) in NaCl (□), KCl (Δ) and (CH 3 ) 4 NCl (○), at T = 298.15 K. - Highlights: • Thermodynamics, solubility and distribution of deferiprone in NaCl, KCl and (CH 3 ) 4 NCl. • Deferiprone total solubility is 0.100 mol · dm −3 in pure water and shows salting out. • The protonation process is entropic for the first step and enthalpic for the second. • Debye–Hückel, SIT and Pitzer approaches used for modelling of protonation constants. • Formation constants of three weak species were determined, Nadef, Kdef and H 2 defCl. - Abstract: The acid base properties of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (also known as deferiprone, def, figure 1), together with the solubility and the distribution ratio have been studied potentiometrically at different temperatures and ionic strengths in NaCl, KCl and in (CH 3 ) 4 NCl aqueous solutions. The total solubility of deferiprone is fairly high (0.100 mol · dm −3 in pure water) and decreases with increasing salt concentration (salting out effect); this behaviour is greater in NaCl than in (CH 3 ) 4 NCl aqueous solutions. From the analysis of the solubility and the distribution measurements it was possible to determine the Setschenow and the activity coefficients of the neutral species. Deferiprone shows two protonation steps, whose protonation constants are logK 1 H =10.088 and logK 2 H =3.656 at infinite dilution and T = 298.15 K. The ionic strength dependence of the protonation constants was interpreted both in terms of variation of the activity coefficients, using the Debye–Hückel, the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) and the Pitzer approaches, or considering the formation of weak species with the ions of the supporting electrolyte (e.g. Na + , K + and Cl − ). Moreover, temperature gradients were provided for the two protonation constants. The stepwise protonation enthalpy

Phosphazene like film formation on InP in liquid ammonia (223 K)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonçalves, A.-M., E-mail: goncalves@chimie.uvsq.fr; Njel, C.; Mathieu, C.; Aureau, D.; Etcheberry, A.

2013-07-01

An anodic photo-galvanostatic treatment at low current density (1 μA·cm{sup −2}) is carried out on n-InP semiconductor in liquid ammonia (223 K). The gradual chemical evolution of the surface is studied as a function of the anodic charge. Proof and reproducibility of the chemical transformation of the surface are clearly evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Like by cyclic voltammetry, the perfect coverage of the InP surface by a thin phosphazene like film is also revealed by XPS data. However, a low anodic charge (≈ 0.5 mC·cm{sup −2}) is required by photo-galvanostatic treatment while a higher anodic charge (≈ 7 mC·cm{sup −2}) is involved by cyclic voltammetry. The excess of charge could be related to ammonia oxidation during the formation of the passivating film. This result proves the electrochemical oxidation of the solvent as a determinant step of the mechanism film formation. - Highlights: ► Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic modes on n-InP in liquid ammonia (223 K). ► A thin film growth is reached by photo-anodic polarization. ► The same phosphazene like film is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ► An excess of charge is observed by cyclic voltammetry. ► An electrochemical oxidation step of the solvent is assumed.

Phase formation in the Li2MoO4–K2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3 system and crystal structures of new compounds K3InMo4O15 and LiK2In(MoO4)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khal’baeva, Klara M.; Solodovnikov, Sergey F.; Khaikina, Elena G.; Kadyrova, Yuliya M.; Solodovnikova, Zoya A.; Basovich, Olga M.

2012-01-01

XRD study of solid-phase interaction in the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was performed. The boundary K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system is an non-quasibinary join of the K 2 O–In 2 O 3 –MoO 3 system where a new polymolybdate K 3 InMo 4 O 15 isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 was found. In the structure (a=33.2905(8), b=5.8610(1), c=15.8967(4) Å, β=90.725(1)°, sp. gr. C2/c, Z=8, R(F)=0.0407), InO 6 octahedra, Mo 2 O 7 diortho groups and MoO 4 tetrahedra form infinite ribbons {[In(MoO 4 ) 2 (Mo 2 O 7 )] 3− } ∞ along the b-axis. Between the chains, 8- to 10-coordinate potassium cations are located. A subsolidus phase diagram of the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was constructed and a novel triple molybdate LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 was revealed. Its crystal structure (a=7.0087(2), b=9.2269(3), c=10.1289(3) Å, β=107.401(1)°, sp. gr. P2 1 , Z=2, R(F)=0.0280) contains an open framework of vertex-shared MoO 4 tetrahedra, InO 6 octahedra and LiO 5 tetragonal pyramids with nine- and seven-coordinate potassium ions in the framework channels. - Graphical abstract: Exploring the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system showed its partial non-quasibinarity and revealed new compounds K 3 InMo 4 O 15 (isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 ) and LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 which were structurally studied. An open framework of the latter is formed by vertex-shared MoO 4 tetrahedra, InO 6 octahedra and LiO 5 tetragonal pyramids. Highlights: ► Subsolidus phase relations in the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system were explored. ► The K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system is a non-quasibinary join of the K 2 O–In 2 O 3 –MoO 3 system. ► New compounds K 3 InMo 4 O 15 and LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 were obtained and structurally studied. ► K 3 InMo 4 O 15 is isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 and carries bands of InO 6 , MoO 4 and Mo 2 O 7 units. ► An open framework of LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 is formed by polyhedra MoO 4 , InO 6 and LiO 5 .

Electron spin resonance of gamma, electron, neutron and fission fragments irradiated K2SO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamali, J.; Walton, G.N.

1985-01-01

The electron spin resonance (ESR) of K 2 SO 4 irradiated by γ, electron, neutron and fission fragments has been investigated. The ESR spectra are attributed mainly to the formation of SO 3 - , SO 4 - , SO 2 - , and O 3 - radical ions. The most intense radical ion observed was due to the SO 3 - , and the other radicals were relatively much lower in intensity. Thermal annealing showed a significant decrease in the concentration of radical ions. The concentration of SO 3 - was measured in γ-irradiated K 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 containing fission fragments. In fission fragments irradiated K 2 SO 4 , the G-value observed for SO 3 - radical formation was about eight times higher than that of γ-irradiated K 2 SO 4 . This was attributed to the high LET (Linear Energy Transfer) of the fission fragments. (author)

Cluster self-organization of germanate systems: suprapolyhedral precursor clusters and self-assembly of K2Nd4Ge4O13(OH)4, K2YbGe4O10(OH), K2Sc2Ge2O7(OH)2, and KScGe2O6(PYR)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ilyushin, G.D.; Dem'yanets, L.N.

2008-01-01

One performed the computerized (the TOPOS 4.0 software package) geometric and topological analyses of all known types of K, TR-germanates (TR = La-Lu, Y, Sc, In). The skeleton structure are shown as three-dimensional 3D, K, TR, Ge-patterns (graphs) with remote oxygen atoms. TR 4 3 3 4 3 3 + T 4 3 4 3, K 2 YbGe 4 O 14 (OH) pattern, TR 6 6 3 6 + T1 6 8 6 + T2 3 6 8, K 2 Sc 2 Ge 2 O 7 (OH) 2 , TR 6 4 6 4 + T 6 4 6 and KScGe 2 O 6 - TR 6 6 3 6 3 4 + T1 6 3 6 + T2 6 4 3 patterns served as crystal-forming 2D TR,Ge-patterns for K 2 Nd 4 Ge 4 O 13 (OH) 4 . One performed the 3D-simulation of the mechanism of self-arrangement of the crystalline structures: cluster-precursor - parent chain - microlayer - microskeleton (super-precursor). Within K 2 Nd 4 Ge 4 O 13 (OH) 4 , K 2 Sc 2 Ge 2 O 7 (OH) 2 and KScGe 2 O 6 one identified the invariant type of the cyclic hexapolyhedral cluster-precursor consisting of TR-octahedrons linked by diorthogroups stabilized by K atoms. For K 2 Nd 4 Ge 4 O 13 (OH) 4 one determined the type of the cyclic tetrapolyhedral cluster-precursor consisting of TR-octavertices linked by tetrahedrons. The cluster CN within the layer just for KScGe 2 O 6 water-free germanate (the PYR pyroxene analog) is equal to 6 (the maximum possible value), while in the rest OH-containing germanates it constitutes 4. One studied the formation mechanism of Ge-radicals in the form of Ge 2 O 7 and Ge 4 O 13 groupings, GeO 3 chain and the tubular structure consisting of Ge 8 O 20 fixed cyclic groupings [ru

Effect of high pN2 and high pD2 on NH3 production, H2 evolution, and HD formation by nitrogenases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jensen, B.B.; Burris, R.H.

1985-01-01

We have investigated the effect of the partial pressure of N2 and D2 on HD formation, H2 evolution, and NH3 production by nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum. By using pressures up to 4 atm, we have been able to extend the concentration range of N2 and D2 in our investigations beyond that used in previous studies. The pN2 dependence of HD formation with constant pD2 ideally shows no HD formation under zero pN2, reaches a peak which depends on the pD2, and then decreases to zero at very high pN2. K. pneumoniae and C. pasteurianum nitrogenases differ in their Ki(D2) for nitrogen fixation. C. pasteurianum nitrogenase had the lower activity for formation of HD. With K. pneumoniae nitrogenase, D2 enhanced H2 evolution from 31% of the electron flux partitioned to H2 in the absence of D2 to 51% of the electron flux partitioned to H2 at 400 kPa of D2. With C. pasteurianum nitrogenase, the equivalent values were 33% and 48% of the total electron flux. Our results support previou findings on the mechanism for nitrogenase-catalyzed reductions proposed by W. W. Cleland

Y2K

OpenAIRE

Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe; Martin Uribe

1999-01-01

This paper studies, within a general equilibrium model, the dynamics of Y2K-type shocks: anticipated, permanent losses in output whose magnitude can be lessened by investing resources in advance. The implied dynamics replicate three observed characteristics of those triggered by the Y2K bug: (1) Precautionary investment: investment in solving the Y2K problem begins before the year 2000; (2) Investment delay: although economic agents have been aware of the Y2K problem since the 1960s, investme...

Results from K2K experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yanagisawa, Chiaki

2001-01-01

The K2K experiment is the first long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment at KEK and at Kamioka, Japan. This is a brief summary of the K2K experiment in the first year of running from June 1999 to June 2000. The major result is that for the first time in human history artificially produced neutrinos by an accelerator are detected at a long distance of 250km from the production points. A brief introduction, the detector performance and the some analysis results are presented. The analysis results are based on the data corresponding to the integrated beam intesnsity of 2.29 x 10 19 pot

Y2K

OpenAIRE

Schmitt-Grohe, Stephanie; Uribe, Martin

1998-01-01

As the millennium draws to an end, the threat posed by the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem is inducing vast private and public spending on its remediation. In this paper, we model the Y2K problem as an anticipated, permanent loss in output whose magnitude can be lessened by investing resources in advance. We embed the Y2K problem into a dynamic general equilibrium framework and show that our model replicates three observed characteristics of the dynamics triggered by the Y2K bug: (1) Precautionary in...

Compound hypernucleus interpretation of the Λ4H formation probabilities in the stopped K- absorption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tamura, H.; Yamazaki, T.; Sano, M.; Yamamoto, Y.; Wakai, M.; Bando, H.

1988-06-01

For the abundant Λ 4 H production observed in the stopped K - absorption on light nuclei, a theoretical model is proposed, in which the basic ingredient is formation and fragmentation of a Λ compound nucleus. The estimated Λ 4 H formation probabilities per stopped K - are in rather good agreement with the observed values. (author)

NF-kB activity-dependent P-selectin involved in ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation in U937 cell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yi; Wang, Xiang; Sun, Minghui; Zhang, Zhenyu; Cao, Heng; Chen, Xiaoqing

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the human U937 promonocytic cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. → Ox-LDL induced expression of P-selectin through degradation of IkBa and augment of NF-kB activity and protein level during macrophage-derived foam cell formation. → P-selectin and NF-kB may be identified as pivotal regulators of ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation. → Therapy based on the inhibition of P-selectin and NF-kB may complement conventional treatments to prevent atherosclerosis. -- Abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays a critical role in regulation of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the role of Nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activity-dependent P-selectin in ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation during atherosclerosis. In this study, we first investigated ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the human U937 promonocytic cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of U937 cells with ox-LDL increased lipid accumulation as well as intracellular cholesterol content. Next, a comparative analysis of gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray and Real-time-PCR indicated that ox-LDL exposure induced, in three treated groups, an extremely marked increase in the mRNA level of P-selectin. Protein levels of P-selectin and its upstream regulators IkBa and NF-kB showed that NF-kB pathway is involved in the ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation. Finally, overexpression of NF-kB significantly accelerated, whereas, inhibition of NF-kB with siRNA remarkably attenuated ox-LDL-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation. It was concluded that the activity of NF-kB is augmented during macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Activation of NF-kB increased, whereas, inhibition of NF-kB decreased ox-LDL-induced P-selectin expression and lipid accumulation in macrophages, suggesting ox-LDL induced expression of P-selectin through degradation of IkBa and activation of NF-kB in the regulation of foam

NF-kB activity-dependent P-selectin involved in ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation in U937 cell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Yi, E-mail: wangyi2004a@126.com [Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People' s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080 (China); Wang, Xiang; Sun, Minghui; Zhang, Zhenyu; Cao, Heng; Chen, Xiaoqing [Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People' s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080 (China)

2011-08-05

Highlights: {yields} Ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the human U937 promonocytic cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. {yields} Ox-LDL induced expression of P-selectin through degradation of IkBa and augment of NF-kB activity and protein level during macrophage-derived foam cell formation. {yields} P-selectin and NF-kB may be identified as pivotal regulators of ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation. {yields} Therapy based on the inhibition of P-selectin and NF-kB may complement conventional treatments to prevent atherosclerosis. -- Abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays a critical role in regulation of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the role of Nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activity-dependent P-selectin in ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation during atherosclerosis. In this study, we first investigated ox-LDL induced foam cell formation in the human U937 promonocytic cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of U937 cells with ox-LDL increased lipid accumulation as well as intracellular cholesterol content. Next, a comparative analysis of gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray and Real-time-PCR indicated that ox-LDL exposure induced, in three treated groups, an extremely marked increase in the mRNA level of P-selectin. Protein levels of P-selectin and its upstream regulators IkBa and NF-kB showed that NF-kB pathway is involved in the ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation. Finally, overexpression of NF-kB significantly accelerated, whereas, inhibition of NF-kB with siRNA remarkably attenuated ox-LDL-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation. It was concluded that the activity of NF-kB is augmented during macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Activation of NF-kB increased, whereas, inhibition of NF-kB decreased ox-LDL-induced P-selectin expression and lipid accumulation in macrophages, suggesting ox-LDL induced expression of P-selectin through degradation of IkBa and activation of NF-kB in the

Kepler: A Search for Terrestrial Planets. K2 Handbook

Science.gov (United States)

Van Cleve, Jeffrey; Bryson, Steve

2017-01-01

The Kepler spacecraft was repurposed for the K2 mission a year after the failure of the second of Kepler's four reaction wheels in 2013 May. The purpose of this document, the K2 Handbook (K2H), is to describe features of K2 operations, performance, data analysis, and archive products which are common to most K2 campaigns, but different in degree or kind from the corresponding features of the Kepler mission.The K2 Handbook is meant to be read with the following companion documents, which are all publicly available:1. Kepler Instrument Handbook (KSCI-19033) provides information about the design, performance and operational constraints of the instrument and an overview of the types of pixel data that are available.2. Kepler Data Processing Handbook (KSCI-19081) describes how pixels downloaded from the spacecraft are converted by the Kepler Data Processing Pipeline into the data products available at the MAST archive3. Kepler Archive Manual (KDMC-100008) describes the format and content of the data products and how to search for them.4. Kepler Data Characteristics Handbook (KSCI-19040) describes recurring non-astrophysical features of the Kepler data due to instrument signatures, spacecraft events or solar activity and explains how these characteristics are handled by the Kepler pipeline.5. The Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog describes the provenance of the positions and Kepler magnitudes used for target management and aperature photometry.6. K2 Data Release Notes (DRN) are on-line documents available on the K2 science website which describe the data inventory, instrumental signatures and events peculiar to individual observing campaigns.

An improved method of 18F peptide labeling: hydrazone formation with HYNIC-conjugated c(RGDyK)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Yun-Sang; Jeong, Jae Min; Kim, Hyung Woo; Chang, Young Soo; Kim, Young Joo; Hong, Mee Kyung; Rai, Ganesha B.; Chi, Dae Yoon; Kang, Won Jun; Kang, Joo Hyun; Lee, Dong Soo; Chung, June-Key; Lee, Myung Chul; Suh, Young-Ger

2006-01-01

Radiolabeled α v β 3 -integrin antagonists are increasingly investigated as a means of imaging angiogenesis. Several methods of labeling α v β 3 -integrin binding peptide with 18 F have been reported recently. In the present study, we devised a straightforward means for labeling Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide with 18 F via hydrazone formation between c(RGDyK)-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) (3) and 4-[ 18 F]-fluorobenzaldehyde ([ 18 F]4). The resulting reaction mixture was purified by HPLC to give 4'-[ 18 F]-fluorobenzylidenehydrazone-6-nicotinamide-c(RGDyK) ([ 18 F]5). The conjugation efficiency of 3 and 4 to form [ 18 F]5 was 95.2%, and the radiochemical purity of [ 18 F]5 after purification was >99%. The specific activity of [ 18 F]5 estimated by radio-HPLC was 20.5 GBq/μmol (end of synthesis). Competitive binding assay of c(RGDyK) (1) and 5 was performed using [ 125 I]iodo-c(RGDyK) as a radioligand, and K i values were found to be 2.8 and 21.7 nM, respectively. For the biodistribution study, the angiogenic mouse model was established by inducing unilateral ischemia on the left hindlimbs of ICR mice after femoral artery ablation. Seven days after inducing ischemia, [ 18 F]5 was administered to the mice through the tail vein. Ischemic muscle uptake of [ 18 F]5 was significantly higher than that of normal muscle (P 18 F]5. Here, we successfully labeled RGD peptide with 18 F via hydrazone formation between 3 and 4, resulting to [ 18 F]5. [ 18 F]5 was found to have high affinity for α v β 3 -integrin and to accumulate specifically in ischemic hindlimb muscle of mice. We suggest that 18 F labeling via formation of hydrazone between HYNIC peptide and [ 18 F]4 is a useful method for labeling c(RGDyK), which can be applied for imaging angiogenesis

Low temperature formation of higher-k cubic phase HfO2 by atomic layer deposition on GeOx/Ge structures fabricated by in-situ thermal oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, R.; Huang, P.-C.; Taoka, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Takenaka, M.; Takagi, S.

2016-01-01

We have demonstrated a low temperature formation (300 °C) of higher-k HfO 2 using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on an in-situ thermal oxidation GeO x interfacial layer. It is found that the cubic phase is dominant in the HfO 2 film with an epitaxial-like growth behavior. The maximum permittivity of 42 is obtained for an ALD HfO 2 film on a 1-nm-thick GeO x form by the in-situ thermal oxidation. It is suggested from physical analyses that the crystallization of cubic phase HfO 2 can be induced by the formation of six-fold crystalline GeO x structures in the underlying GeO x interfacial layer

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-piperidinomethanol isomers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Cabral, Joana I.T.A.

2006-01-01

The standard (p o =0.1MPa) molar energies of combustion in oxygen of 2-piperidinemethanol, 3-piperidinemethanol, and 4-piperidinemethanol, all in the crystalline phase, were measured, at T=298.15K, by static bomb calorimetry. These values were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of combustion and the standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the condensed phase, for these compounds. Further, the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T=298.15K, of these three piperidinomethanol isomers were determined by Cavet microcalorimetry. The combustion calorimetry results together with those from the Calvet microcalorimetry, were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation, at T=298.15K, in the gaseous phase, of the three piperidinemethanol studied. -Δ c H m o (cr)Δ cr g H m o kJ.mol -1 kJ.mol -1 2-Piperidinemethanol3890.70+/-0.9293.02+/-0.503- Piperidinemethanol3895.3+/-1.195.9+/-1.44-Piperidinemethanol3891.3+/- 1.198.31+/-0.69

Study of resonance formation in the mass region 1400 - 1500 MeV through the reaction $\\gamma\\gamma \\to K^{0}_{S} K^{\\pm} \\pi^{\\mp}$

CERN Document Server

Achard, P; Aguilar-Benítez, M; Alcaraz, J; Alemanni, G; Allaby, James V; Aloisio, A; Alviggi, M G; Anderhub, H; Andreev, V P; Anselmo, F; Arefev, A; Azemoon, T; Aziz, T; Bagnaia, P; Bajo, A; Baksay, G; Baksay, L; Baldew, S V; Banerjee, S; Banerjee, Sw; Barczyk, A; Barillère, R; Bartalini, P; Basile, M; Batalova, N; Battiston, R; Bay, A; Becattini, F; Becker, U; Behner, F; Bellucci, L; Berbeco, R; Berdugo, J; Berges, P; Bertucci, B; Betev, B L; Biasini, M; Biglietti, M; Biland, A; Blaising, J J; Blyth, S C; Bobbink, G J; Böhm, A; Boldizsar, L; Borgia, B; Bottai, S; Bourilkov, D; Bourquin, M; Braccini, S; Branson, J G; Brochu, F; Burger, J D; Burger, W J; Cai, X D; Capell, M; Cara Romeo, G; Carlino, G; Cartacci, A; Casaus, J; Cavallari, F; Cavallo, N; Cecchi, C; Cerrada, M; Chamizo-Llatas, M; Chang, Y H; Chemarin, M; Chen, A; Chen, G; Chen, G M; Chen, H F; Chen, H S; Chiefari, G; Cifarelli, L; Cindolo, F; Clare, I; Clare, R; Coignet, G; Colino, N; Costantini, S; Dela Cruz, B; Cucciarelli, S; De Asmundis, R; Deglon, P; Debreczeni, J; Degré, A; Dehmelt, K; Deiters, K; Della Volpe, D; Delmeire, E; Denes, P; De Notaristefani, F; De Salvo, A; Diemoz, M; Dierckxsens, M; Dionisi, C; Dittmar, M; Doria, A; Dova, M T; Duchesneau,; Duda, M; Echenard, B; Eline, A; El-Hage, A; El-Mamouni, H; Engler, A; Eppling, F J; Extermann, P; Falagán, M A; Falciano, S; Favara, A; Fay, J; Fedin, O; Felcini, M; Ferguson, T; Fesefeldt, H; Fiandrini, E; Field, J H; Filthaut, F; Fisher, P H; Fisher, W; Forconi, G; Freudenreich, K; Furetta, C; Galaktionov, Yu; Ganguli, S N; García-Abia, P; Gataullin, M; Gentile, S; Giagu, S; Gong, Z F; Grenier, G; Grimm, O; Grünewald, M W; Gupta, V K; Gurtu, A; Gutay, L J; Haas, D; Hatzifotiadou, D; Hebbeker, T; Hervé, A; Hirschfelder, J; Hofer, H; Hohlmann, M; Holzner, G; Hou, S R; Jin, B N; Jindal, P; Jones, L W; de Jong, P; Josa-Mutuberria, I; Kaur, M; Kienzle-Focacci, M N; Kim, 0J K; Kirkby, Jasper; Kittel, W; Klimentov, A; König, A C; Kopal, M; Koutsenko, V; Kraber, M; Krämer, R W; Krüger, A; Kunin, A; Ladrón de Guevara, P; Laktineh, I; Landi, G; Lebeau, M; Lebedev, A; Lebrun, P; Lecomte, P; Lecoq, P; Le Coultre, P; Le Goff, J M; Leiste, R; Levtchenko, M; Levchenko, P; Li, C; Likhoded, S; Lin, C H; Lin, W T; Linde, Frank L; Lista, L; Liu, Z A; Lohmann, W; Longo, E; Lü, Y S; Luci, C; Luminari, L; Lustermann, W; Ma, W G; Malgeri, L; Malinin, A; Maña, C; Mans, J; Martin, J P; Marzano, F; Mazumdar, K; McNeil, R R; Mele, S; Merola, L; Meschini, M; Metzger, W J; Mihul, A; Milcent, H; Mirabelli, G; Mnich, J; Mohanty, G B; Muanza, G S; Muijs, A J M; Musy, M; Nagy, S; Natale, S; Napolitano, M; Nessi-Tedaldi, F; Newman, H; Nisati, A; Novák, T; Nowak, H; Ofierzynski, R; Organtini, G; Pal, I; Palomares, C; Paolucci, P; Paramatti, R; Passaleva, G; Patricelli, S; Paul, T; Pauluzzi, M; Paus, C; Pauss, F; Pedace, M; Pensotti, S; Perret-Gallix, D; Piccolo, D; Pierella, F; Pieri, M; Pioppi, M; Piroué, P A; Pistolesi, E; Plyaskin, V; Pohl, M; Pozhidaev, V; Pothier, J; Prokofev, D; Prokofiev, D O; Rahal-Callot, G; Rahaman, M A; Raics, P; Raja, N; Ramelli, R; Rancoita, P G; Ranieri, R; Raspereza, A; Razis, P; Rembeczki, S; Ren, D; Rescigno, M; Reucroft, S; Riemann, S; Riles, K; Roe, B P; Romero, L; Rosca, A; Rosemann, C; Rosenbleck, C; Rosier-Lees, S; Roth, S; Rubio, J A; Ruggiero, G; Rykaczewski, H; Sakharov, A; Saremi, S; Sarkar, S; Salicio, J; Sánchez, E; Schäfer, C; Shchegelskii, V; Schopper, Herwig Franz; Schotanus, D J; Sciacca, C; Servoli, L; Shevchenko, S; Shivarov, N; Shoutko, V; Shumilov, E; Shvorob, A; Son, D; Souga, C; Spillantini, P; Steuer, M; Stickland, D P; Stoyanov, B; Strässner, A; Sudhakar, K; Sultanov, G G; Sun, L Z; Sushkov, S; Suter, H; Swain, J D; Szillási, Z; Tang, X W; Tarjan, P; Tauscher, L; Taylor, L; Tellili, B; Teyssier, D; Timmermans, C; Ting, Samuel C C; Ting, S M; Tonwar, S C; Tóth, J; Tully, C; Tung, K L; Ulbricht, J; Valente, E; Van de Walle, R T; Wadhwa, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X L; Wang, Z M; Weber, M; Wynhoff, S; Xia, L; Xu, Z Z; Yamamoto, J; Yang, B Z; Yang, C G; Yang, H J; Yang, M; Yeh, S C; Zalite, A; Zalite, Yu; Zhang, Z P; Zhao, J; Zhu, G Y; Zhu, R Y; Zhuang, H L; Zichichi, A; Zimmermann, B; Zöller, M

2007-01-01

The K^0_SK^+-\\pi-+ final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3 detector at LEP at e+e- centre-of-mass energies from 183 to 209 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 664.6 pb-1. The \\eta(1475) and f1(1420) mesons are observed and their contribution is separated by measuring the formation rates as a function of the photon virtuality Q2. The \\eta(1475) is found to be dominant for Q2 <= 0.01GeV2 and its two-photon width is measured to be 0.23+-0.05 (stat.) +-0.05 (sys.) keV. At higher Q2, the f1(1420) is formed and decays to K(892)K. The \\gamma\\gamma coupling and form factor parameters of this state are measured to be \\Gamma\\gamma\\gamma = 3.2+-0.6 (stat.) +-0.7 (sys.) keV and \\Lambda1 = 926+-72 (stat.) +-32 (sys.) MeV, respectively.

K-n and K-p elastic scattering in K-d collisions from 1.2 to 2.2 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Declais, Y.; Duchon, J.; Louvel, M.; Patry, J.-P.; Seguinot, J.; Baillon, P.; Bruman, C.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Perreau, J.-M.; Ypsilantis, T.

1977-01-01

This report contains the detailed description of an experiment which has determined the differential cross section of the K - n→K - n elastic scattering reaction. The results are 12 angular distributions spanning the K - n c.m. energy interval from approximately 1.86 to approximately 2.32 GeV. The measurements have been performed at the CERN PS using a beam of negative kaons with momenta from 1.2 to 2.2 GeV/c incident on a liquid deuterium target. By means of electronic apparatus the process K - d→K - n psub(s) was identified and recorded; this process is basically the same as the K - n elastic reaction insofar as the spectator proton psub(s) has low momentum. The elastic reaction was derived from the above process by taking into account the Fermi motion of the target neutron and by introducing the appropriate corrections to compensate for the effects due to the composite nature of the neutron (double-scattering, final state interaction). These results, constituting the first extensive collection of data on the pure isospin 1 anti KN state have been used in conjunction with other data in a preliminary partial wave analysis of the anti KN elastic system over the c.m. energy range from 1.84 to 2.23 GeV. Mainly for testing purposes, a similar amount of data has been collected for the K - p elastic reaction also from K - d collisions (K - d→K - p nsub(s)). (Auth.)

Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time: Searching for Young Stars in K2

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Nathan Ryan; Mann, Andrew; Rizzuto, Aaron

2018-01-01

Observations of planetary systems around young stars provide insight into the early stages of planetary system formation. Nearby young open clusters such as the Hyades, Pleiades, and Praesepe provide important benchmarks for the properties of stellar systems in general. These clusters are all known to be less than 1 Gyr old, making them ideal targets for a survey of young planetary systems. Few transiting planets have been detected around clusters stars, however, so this alone is too small of a sample. K2, the revived Kepler mission, has provided a vast number of light curves for young stars in clusters and elsewhere in the K2 field. This provides us with the opportunity to extend the sample of young systems to field stars while calibrating with cluster stars. We compute rotational periods from starspot patterns for ~36,000 K2 targets and use gyrochronological relationships derived from cluster stars to determine their ages. From there, we have begun searching for planets around young stars outside the clusters with the ultimate goal of shedding light on how planets and planetary systems evolve in their early, most formative years.

K2-60b and K2-107b. A Sub-Jovian and a Jovian Planet from the K2 Mission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eigmüller, Philipp; Csizmadia, Szilard; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Cabrera, Juan; Erikson, Anders; Gandolfi, Davide; Barragán, Oscar; Persson, Carina M.; Fridlund, Malcolm; Donati, Paolo; Cusano, Felice; Korth, Judith; Grziwa, Sascha; Prieto-Arranz, Jorge; Nespral, David; Deeg, Hans J.; Saario, Joonas; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Guenther, Eike W.

2017-01-01

We report the characterization and independent detection of K2-60b, as well as the detection and characterization of K2-107b, two transiting hot gaseous planets from the K2 space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the two systems and determine their fundamental parameters combining the K2 time-series data with FIES@NOT and HARPS-N@TNG spectroscopic observations. K2-60b has a radius of 0.683 ± 0.037 R Jup and a mass of 0.426 ± 0.037 M Jup and orbits a G4 V star with an orbital period of 3.00267 ± 0.00006 days. K2-107b has a radius of 1.44 ± 0.15 R Jup and a mass of 0.84 ± 0.08 M Jup and orbits an F9 IV star every 3.31392 ± 0.00002 days. K2-60b is among the few planets at the edge of the so-called “desert” of short-period sub-Jovian planets. K2-107b is a highly inflated Jovian planet orbiting an evolved star about to leave the main sequence.

K2-60b and K2-107b. A Sub-Jovian and a Jovian Planet from the K2 Mission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eigmüller, Philipp; Csizmadia, Szilard; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Cabrera, Juan; Erikson, Anders [Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Gandolfi, Davide; Barragán, Oscar [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino (Italy); Persson, Carina M.; Fridlund, Malcolm [Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala (Sweden); Donati, Paolo; Cusano, Felice [INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani, 1, I-40127, Bologna (Italy); Korth, Judith; Grziwa, Sascha [Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, D-50931 Köln (Germany); Prieto-Arranz, Jorge; Nespral, David; Deeg, Hans J. [Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Saario, Joonas [Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700, Santa Cruz de La Palma (Spain); Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael [Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Guenther, Eike W. [Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenberg (Germany); and others

2017-03-01

We report the characterization and independent detection of K2-60b, as well as the detection and characterization of K2-107b, two transiting hot gaseous planets from the K2 space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the two systems and determine their fundamental parameters combining the K2 time-series data with FIES@NOT and HARPS-N@TNG spectroscopic observations. K2-60b has a radius of 0.683 ± 0.037 R {sub Jup} and a mass of 0.426 ± 0.037 M {sub Jup} and orbits a G4 V star with an orbital period of 3.00267 ± 0.00006 days. K2-107b has a radius of 1.44 ± 0.15 R {sub Jup} and a mass of 0.84 ± 0.08 M {sub Jup} and orbits an F9 IV star every 3.31392 ± 0.00002 days. K2-60b is among the few planets at the edge of the so-called “desert” of short-period sub-Jovian planets. K2-107b is a highly inflated Jovian planet orbiting an evolved star about to leave the main sequence.

Rapid formation of the 110 K phase in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O through freeze-drying powder processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, K.H.; Liu, H.K.; Dou, S.X.; Sorrell, C.C.

1990-01-01

This paper reports three techniques for processing Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) powders investigated: dry-mixing, sol-gel formation, and freeze-drying. It was found that sintering for 120 h at 850 degrees C is required to form nearly single-phase (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10-y by dry-mixing, whereas sintering for 30 h at 840 degrees C was sufficient to form the 110 K (2223) phase when freeze-drying was used. The sol-gel route was found to be intermediate in efficiency between these two techniques. Freeze-drying provided highly reactive, intimately mixed, and carbon-free precursors. The presence of carbonates in the uncalcined powders was the major cause of phase segregation and sluggishness of the 110 K phase formation

A High Mass & Low Envelope Fraction for the Warm Neptune K2-55b

Science.gov (United States)

Dressing, Courtney; Sinukoff, Evan; Fulton, Benjamin; Lopez, Eric; Beichman, Charles; Howard, Andrew; Knutson, Heather; Werner, Michael; Schlieder, Joshua; Benneke, Björn; Crossfield, Ian; Isaacson, Howard; Krick, Jessica; Gorjian, Varoujan; Livingston, John; Petigura, Erik; Akeson, Rachel; Batygin, Konstantin; Christiansen, Jessie; Ciardi, David; Crepp, Justin; Jasmine Gonzales, Erica; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin; Hirsch, Lea; Kosiarek, Molly; Weiss, Lauren

2018-01-01

The NASA K2 mission is using the Kepler spacecraft to search for transiting planets in multiple fields along the ecliptic plane. One of the planets detected by K2 is K2-55b, a warm Neptune in a short-period orbit (2.8 days) around a late K dwarf. We previously obtained near-infrared spectra from IRTF/SpeX to characterize the system and found that the host star K2-55 has a radius of 0.715 (+0.043/-0.040) solar radii, a mass of 0.668 (+/- 0.069) solar masses, and an effective temperature of 4300K (+100/-107). We then combined our updated stellar properties with new fits to the K2 photometry to estimate a planet radius of 4.38 (+0.29/-0.25) Earth radii, confirmed the transit ephemeris using Spitzer/IRAC (GO 11026, PI Werner), and embarked on radial velocity observations with Keck/HIRES to measure the planet mass. Our RV data suggest that K2-55b is much more massive than expected, indicating that the planet has a high density despite having a relatively high mass. The lack of a significant volatile envelope tests current theories of gas giant formation and indicates that K2-55b may have avoided runaway accretion by migration, delayed formation, or inefficient core accretion. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the NASA Sagan Fellowship Program and the NASA K2 Guest Observer Program. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech.

Spin-k/2-spin-k/2 SU(2) two-point functions on the torus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirsch, Ingo; Kucharski, Piotr

2012-11-01

We discuss a class of two-point functions on the torus of primary operators in the SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model at integer level k. In particular, we construct an explicit expression for the current blocks of the spin-(k)/(2)-spin-(k)/(2) torus two-point functions for all k. We first examine the factorization limits of the proposed current blocks and test their monodromy properties. We then prove that the current blocks solve the corresponding Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-like differential equations using the method of Mathur, Mukhi and Sen.

Spin-k/2-spin-k/2 SU(2) two-point functions on the torus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kirsch, Ingo [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Gruppe Theorie; Kucharski, Piotr [Warsaw Univ. (Poland). Inst. of Theoretical Physics

2012-11-15

We discuss a class of two-point functions on the torus of primary operators in the SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model at integer level k. In particular, we construct an explicit expression for the current blocks of the spin-(k)/(2)-spin-(k)/(2) torus two-point functions for all k. We first examine the factorization limits of the proposed current blocks and test their monodromy properties. We then prove that the current blocks solve the corresponding Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-like differential equations using the method of Mathur, Mukhi and Sen.

The system K2NbF7-K2TiF6-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamenskaya, L.A.; Matveev, A.M.

1984-01-01

Using visual-polythermal and thermographical methods the ternary system K 2 NbF 7 -K 2 TiE 6 -KCl has been studied. Crystallization fields of initial components and the field of solid solutions of double compounds K 3 NbClF 7 and K 3 TiClF 6 are outlined. Ternary eutectics at 654 deg C, having the composition K 2 NbF 6 -41, K 2 TiP 6 -41, KCl-18 mol.%, is determined. Potassium fluoroniobate and fluorotitanate form continuous solid solutions unstable in the presence of the third component, potassium chloride

Trk2 Potassium Transport System in Streptococcus mutans and Its Role in Potassium Homeostasis, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Tolerance

Science.gov (United States)

Binepal, Gursonika; Gill, Kamal; Crowley, Paula; Cordova, Martha; Brady, L. Jeannine; Senadheera, Dilani B.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+ and a variety of K+ transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+ acquisition in Streptococcus mutans and the importance of K+ homeostasis for its virulence attributes. The S. mutans genome harbors four putative K+ transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+ cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+ transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation in S. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing an Escherichia coli TK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+ accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response of S. mutans to environment stresses. IMPORTANCE Biofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causing Streptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment of S. mutans. K+ is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+ transporters in S. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+ homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+ for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+ would favor biofilm formation. PMID:26811321

Results from Super-Kamiokande and K2K

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The probability of flavor oscillation (in the simplest, two-component case) is ..... K2K had collected about half of its total planned protons-on-target when the accident at ... [14] Design, construction, and operation of SciFi tracking detector for K2K ...

MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS IN THE K2 ENGINEERING FIELD OF VIEW

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szabó, R.; Sárneczky, K.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Pál, A.; Kiss, Cs. P.; Kiss, L. L.; Csák, B.; Illés, L.; Rácz, G.

2015-01-01

Unlike NASA’s original Kepler Discovery Mission, the renewed K2 Mission will target the plane of the Ecliptic, observing each field for approximately 75 days. This will bring new opportunities and challenges, in particular the presence of a large number of main-belt asteroids that will contaminate the photometry. The large pixel size makes K2 data susceptible to the effects of apparent minor planet encounters. Here, we investigate the effects of asteroid encounters on photometric precision using a subsample of the K2 engineering data taken in 2014 February. We show examples of asteroid contamination to facilitate their recognition and distinguish these events from other error sources. We conclude that main-belt asteroids will have considerable effects on K2 photometry of a large number of photometric targets during the Mission that will have to be taken into account. These results will be readily applicable for future space photometric missions applying large-format CCDs, such as TESS and PLATO

MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS IN THE K2 ENGINEERING FIELD OF VIEW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szabó, R.; Sárneczky, K.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Pál, A.; Kiss, Cs. P.; Kiss, L. L. [Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17 (Hungary); Csák, B. [Gothard-Lendület Research Team, H-9704 Szombathely, Szent Imre herceg út 112 (Hungary); Illés, L.; Rácz, G., E-mail: rszabo@konkoly.hu [Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, H-1117 Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest (Hungary)

2015-03-15

Unlike NASA’s original Kepler Discovery Mission, the renewed K2 Mission will target the plane of the Ecliptic, observing each field for approximately 75 days. This will bring new opportunities and challenges, in particular the presence of a large number of main-belt asteroids that will contaminate the photometry. The large pixel size makes K2 data susceptible to the effects of apparent minor planet encounters. Here, we investigate the effects of asteroid encounters on photometric precision using a subsample of the K2 engineering data taken in 2014 February. We show examples of asteroid contamination to facilitate their recognition and distinguish these events from other error sources. We conclude that main-belt asteroids will have considerable effects on K2 photometry of a large number of photometric targets during the Mission that will have to be taken into account. These results will be readily applicable for future space photometric missions applying large-format CCDs, such as TESS and PLATO.

On Fluid and Thermal Dynamics in a Heterogeneous CO2 Plume Geothermal Reservoir

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tianfu Xu

2017-01-01

Full Text Available CO2 is now considered as a novel heat transmission fluid to extract geothermal energy. It can achieve both the energy exploitation and CO2 geological sequestration. The migration pathway and the process of fluid flow within the reservoirs affect significantly a CO2 plume geothermal (CPG system. In this study, we built three-dimensional wellbore-reservoir coupled models using geological and geothermal conditions of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin, China. The performance of the CPG system is evaluated in terms of the temperature, CO2 plume distribution, flow rate of production fluid, heat extraction rate, and storage of CO2. For obtaining a deeper understanding of CO2-geothermal system under realistic conditions, heterogeneity of reservoir’s hydrological properties (in terms of permeability and porosity is taken into account. Due to the fortissimo mobility of CO2, as long as a highly permeable zone exists between the two wells, it is more likely to flow through the highly permeable zone to reach the production well, even though the flow path is longer. The preferential flow shortens circulation time and reduces heat-exchange area, probably leading to early thermal breakthrough, which makes the production fluid temperature decrease rapidly. The analyses of flow dynamics of CO2-water fluid and heat may be useful for future design of a CO2-based geothermal development system.

Micropore Formation of [Zn2(Oxac) (Taz)2]·(H2O)2.5 via CO2 Adsorption.

Science.gov (United States)

Zubir, Moondra; Hamasaki, Atom; Iiyama, Taku; Ohta, Akira; Ohki, Hiroshi; Ozeki, Sumio

2017-01-24

As-synthesized [Zn 2 (Oxac) (Taz) 2 ]·(H 2 O) 2.5 , referred to as ZOTW 2.5 , was prepared from aqueous methanol solutions of Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 and two kinds of ligands of 1,2,4-triazole (Taz) and oxalic acid (Oxac) at 453 K for 12 h. The crystal structure was determined by the Rietveld method. As-synthesized ZOTW 2.5 was pretreated at 383 K and 1 mPa for t pt h, ZOTW x (t pt h). ZOTW x (≥3h) showed a type I adsorption isotherm for N 2 at 77 K having a saturation amount (V s ) of 180 mg/g, but that pretreated shortly showed only 1/10 in V s . CO 2 was adsorbed at 303 K in sigmoid on nonporous ZOTW x (≤2h) and in Langmuir-type on ZOTW x (≥3h) to reach the adsorption amount of 120 mg/g at 700 Torr. N 2 adsorption on ZOTW x (≤2h)deCO 2 , degassed after CO 2 adsorption on ZOTW x (≤2h), was promoted 5-fold from 180 mg/g on ZOTW x (t pt h) and ZOTW x (≥3h)deCO 2 up to ca. 1000 mg/g. The interaction of CO 2 and H 2 O molecules in micropores may lead to a new route for micropore formation.

Expression of the A56 and K2 proteins is sufficient to inhibit vaccinia virus entry and cell fusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Wagenaar, Timothy R; Moss, Bernard

2009-02-01

Many animal viruses induce cells to fuse and form syncytia. For vaccinia virus, this phenomenon is associated with mutations affecting the A56 and K2 proteins, which form a multimer (A56/K2) on the surface of infected cells. Recent evidence that A56/K2 interacts with the entry/fusion complex (EFC) and that the EFC is necessary for syncytium formation furnishes a strong connection between virus entry and cell fusion. Among the important remaining questions are whether A56/K2 can prevent virus entry as well as cell-cell fusion and whether these two viral proteins are sufficient as well as necessary for this. To answer these questions, we transiently and stably expressed A56 and K2 in uninfected cells. Uninfected cells expressing A56 and K2 exhibited resistance to fusing with A56 mutant virus-infected cells, whereas expression of A56 or K2 alone induced little or no resistance, which fits with the need for both proteins to bind the EFC. Furthermore, transient or stable expression of A56/K2 interfered with virus entry and replication as determined by inhibition of early expression of a luciferase reporter gene, virus production, and plaque formation. The specificity of this effect was demonstrated by restoring entry after enzymatically removing a chimeric glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored A56/K2 or by binding a monoclonal antibody to A56. Importantly, the antibody disrupted the interaction between A56/K2 and the EFC without disrupting the A56-K2 interaction itself. Thus, we have shown that A56/K2 is sufficient to prevent virus entry and fusion as well as formation of syncytia through interaction with the EFC.

Restricted antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras histoincompatible at the K end of the H-2 complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onoe, K.; Yasumizu, R.; Oh-Ishi, T.; Kakinuma, M.; Good, R.A.; Morikawa, K.

1981-01-01

Employing a new method for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, irradiation chimeras constructed from various combinations of marrow cells from B10 H-2 recombinant mice and AKR recipients were prepared. Though these chimeras had well-developed populations of T and B cells, they showed strikingly different patterns of responses in the primary antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a T dependent antigen. These are (a) AKR mice treated with C57BL/10 cells, [B10 leads to AKR] fully H-2 incompatible, and AKR mice treated with B10.A (5R) cells, [5R leads to AKR] I-J,E compatible chimeras that were almost completely unresponsive to SRBC; (b) AKR mice treated with B10.BR cells [BR leads to AKR] fully H-2 compatible, and AKR mice treated with B10 AKM cells, [AKM leads to AKR] chimeras where donor and recipient differed only at H-2D, showed the same number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) as B10 control mice; (c) AKR mice treated with B10.A cells, [B10 leads to AKR] chimeras, where donor and recipient were matched at H-2K-I-E region, showed about one-half the number of PFC as the control mice. From these results we conclude that in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras primary antibody response to T-dependent antigen, such as SRBC, is generated when at least the K end of the H-2 complex is compatible between donor and recipient

CONSOLIDATION OF K BASIN SLUDGE DATA AND EXPERIENCES ON AGGLOMERATE FORMATION

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

HILL SR

2010-06-10

The formation of high sludge strength agglomerates is a key concern to the Sludge Treatment Project (STP) to ensure the sludge can be retrieved after planned storage for up to 10 years in Sludge Transport and Storage Containers (STSC) at T Plant. This report addresses observations of agglomerate formation, conditions that the data shows lead to agglomeration, the frequency of agglomerate formation and postulated physiochemical mechanisms that may lead to agglomeration. Although the exact underlying chemistry of K Basin sludge agglomerate formation is not known, the factors that lead to agglomeration formation, based on observations, are as follows: (1) High Total Uranium Content (i.e., sample homogeneity and influence from other constituents); (2) Distribution of Uranium Phases (i.e., extent of conversion from uraninite to uranium oxide hydroxide compounds); (3) Sample Dry-out (loss of cover water); (4) Elevated temperature; (5) Solubility ofU(IV) phases vs. U(VI) phases; and (6) Long storage times. Agglomerated sludge has occurred infrequently and has only been observed in four laboratory samples, five samples subjected to hydrothermal testing (performed for 7 to 10 hours at {approx}185 C and 225 psig), and indirectly during six sampling events in the KE Basin. In the four laboratory samples where agglomerates were observed, the agglomerates exhibited high shear strength and the sample container typically had to be broken to remove the solids. The total uranium content (dry basis) for the four samples (KE Pit, KC-2/3 SS, KC-2/3 M250 and 96-13) were {approx}8 wt%, {approx}59.0 wt%, 68.3 wt% and 82 wt%. The agglomerates that were present during the six sampling events were undoubtedly disturbed and easily broken apart during sample collection, thus no agglomerates were observed in subsequent laboratory analyses. The highest shear strengths measured for K Basin sludge samples were obtained after hydrothermal treatment (7 to 10 hr at 185 C) of high-uranium-content KE

CONSOLIDATION OF K BASIN SLUDGE DATA AND EXPERIENCES ON AGGLOMERATE FORMATION

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hill, S.R.

2010-01-01

The formation of high sludge strength agglomerates is a key concern to the Sludge Treatment Project (STP) to ensure the sludge can be retrieved after planned storage for up to 10 years in Sludge Transport and Storage Containers (STSC) at T Plant. This report addresses observations of agglomerate formation, conditions that the data shows lead to agglomeration, the frequency of agglomerate formation and postulated physiochemical mechanisms that may lead to agglomeration. Although the exact underlying chemistry of K Basin sludge agglomerate formation is not known, the factors that lead to agglomeration formation, based on observations, are as follows: (1) High Total Uranium Content (i.e., sample homogeneity and influence from other constituents); (2) Distribution of Uranium Phases (i.e., extent of conversion from uraninite to uranium oxide hydroxide compounds); (3) Sample Dry-out (loss of cover water); (4) Elevated temperature; (5) Solubility ofU(IV) phases vs. U(VI) phases; and (6) Long storage times. Agglomerated sludge has occurred infrequently and has only been observed in four laboratory samples, five samples subjected to hydrothermal testing (performed for 7 to 10 hours at ∼185 C and 225 psig), and indirectly during six sampling events in the KE Basin. In the four laboratory samples where agglomerates were observed, the agglomerates exhibited high shear strength and the sample container typically had to be broken to remove the solids. The total uranium content (dry basis) for the four samples (KE Pit, KC-2/3 SS, KC-2/3 M250 and 96-13) were ∼8 wt%, ∼59.0 wt%, 68.3 wt% and 82 wt%. The agglomerates that were present during the six sampling events were undoubtedly disturbed and easily broken apart during sample collection, thus no agglomerates were observed in subsequent laboratory analyses. The highest shear strengths measured for K Basin sludge samples were obtained after hydrothermal treatment (7 to 10 hr at 185 C) of high-uranium-content KE canister sludge

V qn TK ,

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Obe

ABSTRACT. The paper presents an investigation of the temperature dependent model of a diode and bipolar transistor built-in to the NAP-2 program and comparison of these models with experimentally measured characteristics of the BA 100 diode and BC 109 transistor. The detail of the modelling technique has been ...

Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and S1P Transporter Spns2 in HGF-mediated Lamellipodia Formation in Lung Endothelium.

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Panfeng; Ebenezer, David L; Berdyshev, Evgeny V; Bronova, Irina A; Shaaya, Mark; Harijith, Anantha; Natarajan, Viswanathan

2016-12-30

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling via c-Met is known to promote endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. We have previously reported that HGF stimulates lamellipodia formation and motility of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) via PI3K/Akt signal transduction and reactive oxygen species generation. Here, we report a role for HGF-induced intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) generation catalyzed by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), S1P transporter, spinster homolog 2 (Spns2), and S1P receptor, S1P 1 , in lamellipodia formation and perhaps motility of HLMVECs. HGF stimulated SphK1 phosphorylation and enhanced intracellular S1P levels in HLMVECs, which was blocked by inhibition of SphK1. HGF enhanced co-localization of SphK1/p-SphK1 with actin/cortactin in lamellipodia and down-regulation or inhibition of SphK1 attenuated HGF-induced lamellipodia formation in HLMVECs. In addition, down-regulation of Spns2 also suppressed HGF-induced lamellipodia formation, suggesting a key role for inside-out S1P signaling. The HGF-mediated phosphorylation of SphK1 and its localization in lamellipodia was dependent on c-Met and ERK1/2 signaling, but not the PI3K/Akt pathway; however, blocking PI3K/Akt signaling attenuated HGF-mediated phosphorylation of Spns2. Down-regulation of S1P 1 , but not S1P 2 or S1P 3 , with specific siRNA attenuated HGF-induced lamellipodia formation. Further, HGF enhanced association of Spns2 with S1P 1 that was blocked by inhibiting SphK1 activity with PF-543. Moreover, HGF-induced migration of HLMVECs was attenuated by down-regulation of Spns2 . Taken together, these results suggest that HGF/c-Met-mediated lamellipodia formation, and perhaps motility is dependent on intracellular generation of S1P via activation and localization of SphK1 to cell periphery and Spns2-mediated extracellular transportation of S1P and its inside-out signaling via S1P 1 . © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Determination of standard Gibbs free energy of formation for Ca2P2O7 and Ca(PO3)2 from solid-state EMF measurements using yttria stabilised zirconia as solid electrolyte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sandstroem, Malin Hannah; Bostroem, Dan; Rosen, Erik

2006-01-01

The equilibrium reactions: 3Ca 2 P 2 O 7 (s)+6Ni(s)-bar 2Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s)+2Ni 3 P(s)+52O 2 (g) and 2Ca(PO 3 ) 2 (s)+6Ni(s)-bar Ca 2 P 2 O 7 (s)+2Ni 3 P(s)+52O 2 (g) were studied in the temperature range 890K to 1140K. The oxygen equilibrium pressures were determined using galvanic cells incorporating yttria stabilized zirconia as solid electrolyte. From the measured data and using the literature values of standard Gibbs free energy of formation for Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ni 3 P, the following relationship of the standard Gibbs free energy of formation for Ca 2 P 2 O 7 and Ca(PO 3 ) 2 were calculated:Δ f G o (Ca 2 P 2 O 7 )+/-11/(kJ.mol -1 )=-3475.9+1.5441(T/K)-0.1051(T/K).ln(T/K)andΔ f G o (Ca(PO 3 ) 2 )+/-12/(kJ.mol -1 )=-3334.8+6.1561(T/K)-0.6950(T/K).ln(T/K)

Formation enthalpy of alkali-borosilicate glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borisova, N.V.; Ushakov, V.M.

1991-01-01

Temperature dependence of formation enthalpy of glass of the composition 0.0438Na 2 O-0.0385K 2 O-0.3394B 2 O 3 -0.5783SiO 2 was determined using the method of high-temperature colorimetry-dissolution, mixing and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass considered has liquation nature-two-vitrification ranges at 713 K and 817 K are detected. The brightening point is 922 K. The calculation of formation enthalpy using the method of partial heat capacities is made in the temperature range of 973-1473 K. Formation enthalpy does not depend on temperature in the temperature range of 298-1273 K

Texture studies of hot-pressed K2Pb4Nb10O30 ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Filip'ev, V.S.; Zav'yalov, V.P.; Bunina, O.A.; Gavrilyachenko, S.V.; Fesenko, E.G.

1984-01-01

An X-ray diffraction analysis was used to investigate the texture in sampl es of K 2 Pb 4 Nb 10 O 30 ferroelectric produced by powder hot pressing and sintering at 1370-1500 k. A spontaneous formation of the secondary texture during ferroelectric phase transformation was revealed. An important role of internal stresses in the secondary texture formation was supported. The ceramic s with a high-grade texture is noted to be characterized by a high anisotropy of dielectric and piezoelectric properties, its parameters approaching to those of a monocrystal

Matchings Extend to Hamiltonian Cycles in 5-Cube

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wang Fan

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Ruskey and Savage asked the following question: Does every matching in a hypercube Qn for n ≥ 2 extend to a Hamiltonian cycle of Qn? Fink confirmed that every perfect matching can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle of Qn, thus solved Kreweras’ conjecture. Also, Fink pointed out that every matching can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle of Qn for n ∈ {2, 3, 4}. In this paper, we prove that every matching in Q5 can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle of Q5.

PBCDD/F formation from radical/radical cross-condensation of 2-Chlorophenoxy with 2-Bromophenoxy, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy with 2,4-Dibromophenoxy, and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenoxy with 2,4,6-Tribromophenoxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shi, Xiangli [Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China); Yu, Wanni [Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China); College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000 (China); Xu, Fei [Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China); Zhang, Qingzhu, E-mail: zqz@sdu.edu.cn [Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China); Hu, Jingtian; Wang, Wenxing [Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • We studied the formation of PBCDD/Fs from the reaction of three CPRs with BPRs. • The substitution pattern of halogenated phenols determines those of PBCDD/Fs. • The substitution of halogenated phenols influence the coupling of phenoxy radicals. • The rate constants of the crucial elementary steps were evaluated. - Abstract: Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the homogeneous gas-phase formation of mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/benzofurans (PBCDD/Fs) from the cross-condensation of 2-chlorophenoxy radical (2-CPR) with 2-bromophenoxy radical (2-BPR), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy radical (2,4-DCPR) with 2,4-dibromophenoxy radical (2,4-DBPR), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy radical (2,4,6-TCPR) with 2,4,6-tribromophenoxy radical (2,4,6-TBPR). The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies were calculated at the MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level, and single-point energy calculations were performed at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. The rate constants of the crucial elementary reactions were evaluated by the canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction over a wide temperature range of 600–1200 K. Studies show that the substitution pattern of halogenated phenols not only determines the substitution pattern of the resulting PBCDD/Fs, but also has a significant influence on the formation mechanism of PBCDD/Fs, especially on the coupling of the halogenated phenoxy radicals.

THE FORMATION OF IRIS DIAGNOSTICS. II. THE FORMATION OF THE Mg II h and k LINES IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leenaarts, J.; Pereira, T. M. D.; Carlsson, M.; De Pontieu, B. [Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo (Norway); Uitenbroek, H., E-mail: jorritl@astro.uio.no, E-mail: tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no, E-mail: mats.carlsson@astro.uio.no, E-mail: bdp@lmsal.com, E-mail: huitenbroek@nso.edu [NSO/Sacramento Peak P.O. Box 62 Sunspot, NM 88349-0062 (United States)

2013-08-01

NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer mission will study how the solar atmosphere is energized. IRIS contains an imaging spectrograph that covers the Mg II h and k lines as well as a slit-jaw imager centered at Mg II k. Understanding the observations requires forward modeling of Mg II h and k line formation from three-dimensional (3D) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) models. This paper is the second in a series where we undertake this modeling. We compute the vertically emergent h and k intensity from a snapshot of a dynamic 3D RMHD model of the solar atmosphere, and investigate which diagnostic information about the atmosphere is contained in the synthetic line profiles. We find that the Doppler shift of the central line depression correlates strongly with the vertical velocity at optical depth unity, which is typically located less than 200 km below the transition region (TR). By combining the Doppler shifts of the h and k lines we can retrieve the sign of the velocity gradient just below the TR. The intensity in the central line depression is anti-correlated with the formation height, especially in subfields of a few square Mm. This intensity could thus be used to measure the spatial variation of the height of the TR. The intensity in the line-core emission peaks correlates with the temperature at its formation height, especially for strong emission peaks. The peaks can thus be exploited as a temperature diagnostic. The wavelength difference between the blue and red peaks provides a diagnostic of the velocity gradients in the upper chromosphere. The intensity ratio of the blue and red peaks correlates strongly with the average velocity in the upper chromosphere. We conclude that the Mg II h and k lines are excellent probes of the very upper chromosphere just below the TR, a height regime that is impossible to probe with other spectral lines. They also provide decent temperature and velocity diagnostics of the middle

Phosphorylated intermediate of (Ca2+ + K+)-stimulated Mg2+-dependent transport ATPase in endoplasmic reticulum from rat pancreatic acinar cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imamura, K.; Schulz, I.

1985-01-01

Formation and decomposition of the phosphorylated intermediate of endoplasmic reticulum (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase from pancreatic acinar cells have been studied using lithium dodecyl sulfate- and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Incorporation of 32 P from [gamma- 32 P]ATP is Ca 2+ -dependent (approximate Km for free [Ca 2+ ] = 2-3 x 10(-8) mol/liter). Formation of the 100-kDa phosphoprotein is rapid, reaching maximal 32 P incorporation within 1 s at room temperature. At 4 degrees C, phosphorylation is slower and dephosphorylation is drastically decreased. For dephosphorylation, Mg 2+ and monovalent cations such as K + or Na + are necessary. Vanadate inhibits both 32 P incorporation and 32 P liberation dose dependently (Km = 3 x 10(-6) mol/liter), whereas mitochondrial inhibitors and ouabain have no effect. The phosphoprotein is stable at pH 2 and destabilizes with increasing pH being completely decomposed at pH 9. Reduction of 32 P incorporation in the presence of high concentrations of cold ATP and hydroxylamine suggests formation of acylphosphate present in the ATPase intermediate. The characteristics of Ca 2+ , cation, and pH dependencies of the ATPase activity are similar to those previously described for MgATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport into rough endoplasmic reticulum from pancreatic acinar cells. The data suggest that the 100-kDa phosphoprotein as described in this study is the intermediate of this Ca2+ transport ATPase

K2-155

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hirano, Teruyuki; Dai, Fei; Livingston, John H.

2018-01-01

We report on the discovery of three transiting super-Earths around K2-155 (EPIC 210897587), a relatively bright early M dwarf (V = 12.81 mag) observed during Campaign 13 of the NASA K2 mission. To characterize the system and validate the planet candidates, we conducted speckle imaging and high......-dispersion optical spectroscopy, including radial velocity measurements. Based on the K2 light curve and the spectroscopic characterization of the host star, the planet sizes and orbital periods are 1.55(-0.17)(+0.20) R-circle plus and 6.34365 +/- 0.00028 days for the inner planet; 1.95(-0.22)(+0.27) R-circle plus...... and 13.85402 +/- 0.00088 days for the middle planet; and 1.64(-0.17)(+0.18) R-circle plus and 40.6835 +/- 0.0031 days for the outer planet. The outer planet (K2-155d) is near the habitable zone, with an insolation 1.67 +/- 0.38 times that of the Earth. The planet's radius falls within the range between...

The Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra need not be another K2 algebra

OpenAIRE

Cassidy, T.; Phan, C.; Shelton, B.

2010-01-01

The Yoneda algebra of a Koszul algebra or a D-Koszul algebra is Koszul. K2 algebras are a natural generalization of Koszul algebras, and one would hope that the Yoneda algebra of a K2 algebra would be another K2 algebra. We show that this is not necessarily the case by constructing a monomial K2 algebra for which the corresponding Yoneda algebra is not K2.

K2-99

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, A. M. S.; Gandolfi, D.; Barragan, O.

2017-01-01

We report the discovery from K2 of a transiting planet in an 18.25-d, eccentric (0.19 +/- 0.04) orbit around K2-99, an 11th magnitude subgiant in Virgo. We confirm the planetary nature of the companion with radial velocities, and determine that the star is a metal-rich ([ Fe/H] = 0.20 +/- 0...

K2P2- A photometry pipeline for the K2 mission

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Mikkel N.; Handberg, Rasmus; Davies, Guy R.

2015-01-01

With the loss of a second reaction wheel, resulting in the inability to point continuously and stably at the same field of view, the NASA Kepler satellite recently entered a new mode of observation known as the K2 mission. The data from this redesigned mission present a specific challenge......; the targets systematically drift in position on a ~6 hour time scale, inducing a significant instrumental signal in the photometric time series --- this greatly impacts the ability to detect planetary signals and perform asteroseismic analysis. Here we detail our version of a reduction pipeline for K2 target...... the KASOC filter (Handberg & Lund 2014), thus rendering the time series ready for asteroseismic analysis; computes power spectra for all targets, and identifies potential contaminations between targets. From a test of our pipeline on a sample of targets from the K2 campaign 0, the recovery of data...

Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) : Part 2: cables for rated voltages from 6 kV (Um = 7,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV)

CERN Document Server

International Electrotechnical Commission. Geneva

2005-01-01

Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) : Part 2: cables for rated voltages from 6 kV (Um = 7,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV)

The Exoplant Migration Timescale from K2 Young Clusters

Science.gov (United States)

Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Mann, Andrew; Kraus, Adam L.; Ireland, Michael

2017-01-01

Planetary Migration models for close-in exoplanets(a operate on timescales of ~100’s of Myr to ~1Gyr, a lengthier process than disk migration. It is unclear which of these is the dominating mechanism.The K2 mission has measured planet formation timescales and migration pathways by sampling groups of stars at key pre-main-sequence ages: Over the past 10 campaigns, multiple groups of young stars have been observed by K2, ranging from the 10 Myr Upper Scorpius OB association, through the ˜120 Myr Pleiades, the ˜600-800 Myr Hyades and Praesepe moving groups, to the original Kepler Field. The frequency, orbital and compositional properties of the exoplanet population in these samples of different age, with careful treatment of detection completeness, will be sufficient to address the question of exoplanet migration as their host stars are settling onto the main sequence.We will present the initial results of a program to directly address the question of planet migration with a uniform injection-recovery tests on a new K2 detrending pipeline that is optimized for the particular case of young, rotationally variable stars in K2 to robustly measure the detectability of planets of differing size and orbit. Initial results point towards a migration timescale of 200-700 Myr, which is consistent with the slower planet-planet scattering or Kozai migration models.

Influence of oxide and alloy formation on the Electrochemistry of Ti deposition from the NaCl-KCl-NaF-K-2 TiF6 melt reduced by metallic Ti

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barner, Jens H. Von; Precht Noyé, Pernille; Barhoun, A

2005-01-01

The redox reactions in KCl-NaCl-NaF-K2TiF6 melts reduced by titanium metal have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiommetry. At platinum and nickel electrodes waves due to alloy formation were seen preceding the Ti(III) --> Ti metal deposition wave. The presence of oxide species...

Formation of secondary aerosols from the ozonolysis of styrene: Effect of SO2 and H2O

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-de-Mera, Yolanda; Aranda, Alfonso; Martínez, Ernesto; Rodríguez, Ana Angustias; Rodríguez, Diana; Rodríguez, Ana

2017-12-01

In this work we report the study of the ozonolysis of styrene and the reaction conditions leading to the formation of secondary aerosols. The reactions have been carried out in a Teflon chamber filled with synthetic air mixtures at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. We have found that the ozonolysis of styrene in the presence of low concentrations of SO2 readily produces new particles under concentrations of reactants lower than those required in experiments in the absence of SO2. Thus, nucleation events occur at concentrations around (5.6 ± 1.7) × 108molecule cm-3 (errors are 2σ±20%) and SO2 is consumed during the experiments. The reaction of the Criegee intermediates with SO2 to produce SO3 and then H2SO4 may explain (together with OH reactions' contribution) the high capacity of styrene to produce particulate matter in polluted atmospheres. The formation of secondary aerosols in the smog chamber is inhibited under high H2O concentrations. So, the potential formation of secondary aerosols under atmospheric conditions depends on the concentration of SO2 and relative humidity, with a water to SO2 rate constants ratio kH2O/kSO2 = (2.8 ± 0.7) × 10-5 (errors are 2σ±20%).

K2 and K2*: efficient alignment-free sequence similarity measurement based on Kendall statistics.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Jie; Adjeroh, Donald A; Jiang, Bing-Hua; Jiang, Yue

2018-05-15

Alignment-free sequence comparison methods can compute the pairwise similarity between a huge number of sequences much faster than sequence-alignment based methods. We propose a new non-parametric alignment-free sequence comparison method, called K2, based on the Kendall statistics. Comparing to the other state-of-the-art alignment-free comparison methods, K2 demonstrates competitive performance in generating the phylogenetic tree, in evaluating functionally related regulatory sequences, and in computing the edit distance (similarity/dissimilarity) between sequences. Furthermore, the K2 approach is much faster than the other methods. An improved method, K2*, is also proposed, which is able to determine the appropriate algorithmic parameter (length) automatically, without first considering different values. Comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art alignment-free sequence similarity methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approaches, especially with increasing sequence length, or increasing dataset sizes. The K2 and K2* approaches are implemented in the R language as a package and is freely available for open access (http://community.wvu.edu/daadjeroh/projects/K2/K2_1.0.tar.gz). yueljiang@163.com. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Formation of the 67-kDa laminin receptor by acylation of the precursor.

Science.gov (United States)

Butò, S; Tagliabue, E; Ardini, E; Magnifico, A; Ghirelli, C; van den Brûle, F; Castronovo, V; Colnaghi, M I; Sobel, M E; Ménard, S

1998-06-01

Even though the involvement of the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) in tumor invasiveness has been clearly demonstrated, its molecular structure remains an open problem, since only a full-length gene encoding a 37-kDa precursor protein (37LRP) has been isolated so far. A pool of recently obtained monoclonal antibodies directed against the recombinant 37LRP molecule was used to investigate the processing that leads to the formation of the 67-kDa molecule. In soluble extracts of A431 human carcinoma cells, these reagents recognize the precursor molecule as well as the mature 67LR and a 120-kDa molecule. The recovery of these proteins was found to be strikingly dependent upon the cell solubilization conditions: the 67LR is soluble in NP-40-lysis buffer whereas the 37LRP is NP-40-insoluble. Inhibition of 67LR formation by cerulenin indicates that acylation is involved in the processing of the receptor. It is likely a palmitoylation process, as indicated by sensitivity of NP-40-soluble extracts to hydroxylamine treatment. Immunoblotting assays performed with a polyclonal serum directed against galectin3 showed that both the 67- and the 120-kDa proteins carry galectin3 epitopes whereas the 37LRP does not. These data suggest that the 67LR is a heterodimer stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrophobic interactions, carried by fatty acids bound to the 37LRP and to a galectin3 cross-reacting molecule.

Nitro-PAH formation studied by interacting artificially PAH-coated soot aerosol with NO 2 in the temperature range of 295-523 K

Science.gov (United States)

Carrara, Matteo; Wolf, Jan-Christoph; Niessner, Reinhard

2010-10-01

Diesel particulate matter poses a threat to human health, and in particular nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) found within and on the surface of these particles. Although diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have been designed and implemented to reduce these and other harmful diesel emissions, the particle loaded filters may act as a reaction chamber for the enhanced production of NPAHs from the nitration of PAHs with NO 2. Focus is on the investigation of the heterogeneous reactions that occur on soot particles by exposing laboratory produced pyrene- or benzo(a)pyrene-coated spark discharge soot particles to varying concentrations of NO 2 and temperatures while following the formation of products over time. The sole nitration product that was observed throughout the experiments with pyrene-coated soot was 1-nitropyrene (1-NPYR), which increased linearly with reaction time for all NO 2 concentrations chosen (0.11, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ppm, m m -1). Resulting 1-NPYR formation rate increased exponentially with [NO 2]. Throughout the 3-h experiments less than 10% of pyrene has been converted to 1-NPYR and the partial reaction order with regard to [NO 2] was estimated to 1.52. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was more reactive than pyrene. After 3 h reaction time almost 80% of the BaP has been converted to 6-NBaP. Highest 1-NPYR concentrations on particles were detected at 373 K, and at higher temperatures a considerable decrease in particulate 1-NPYR was observed. A similar trend was observed in a DPF simulation system (PM-Kat ®-like) with BaP-coated soot. In this case, highest 6-NBaP concentration on particles was detected at 423 K. Backed by corroborating results from separate gas/solid-phase partition experiments with 1-NPYR and 6-NBaP, it is likely that the newly formed 1-NPYR and 6-NBaP became transferred from particle to gas phase at higher temperatures. Results from this study confirm the presence of 1-NPYR and 6-NBaP in particulate and gas phase under conditions

A Concentration Phenomenon for p-Laplacian Equation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yansheng Zhong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available It is proved that if the bounded function of coefficient Qn in the following equation  -div ⁡{|∇u|p-2∇u}+V(x|u|p-2u=Qn(x|u|q-2u,  u(x=0  as  x∈∂Ω.  u(x⟶0  as  |x|⟶∞ is positive in a region contained in Ω and negative outside the region, the sets {Qn>0} shrink to a point x0∈Ω as n→∞, and then the sequence un generated by the nontrivial solution of the same equation, corresponding to Qn, will concentrate at x0 with respect to W01,p(Ω and certain Ls(Ω-norms. In addition, if the sets {Qn>0} shrink to finite points, the corresponding ground states {un} only concentrate at one of these points. These conclusions extend the results proved in the work of Ackermann and Szulkin (2013 for case p=2.

Low temperature formation of higher-k cubic phase HfO{sub 2} by atomic layer deposition on GeO{sub x}/Ge structures fabricated by in-situ thermal oxidation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, R., E-mail: zhang@mosfet.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp [School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Huang, P.-C.; Taoka, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Takenaka, M.; Takagi, S. [School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)

2016-02-01

We have demonstrated a low temperature formation (300 °C) of higher-k HfO{sub 2} using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on an in-situ thermal oxidation GeO{sub x} interfacial layer. It is found that the cubic phase is dominant in the HfO{sub 2} film with an epitaxial-like growth behavior. The maximum permittivity of 42 is obtained for an ALD HfO{sub 2} film on a 1-nm-thick GeO{sub x} form by the in-situ thermal oxidation. It is suggested from physical analyses that the crystallization of cubic phase HfO{sub 2} can be induced by the formation of six-fold crystalline GeO{sub x} structures in the underlying GeO{sub x} interfacial layer.

Phase formation in systems Re-Se-Br-MBr (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yarovoj, S.S.; Mironov, Yu.V.; Tkachev, S.V.; Fedorov, V.E.

2009-01-01

Phase formation in the systems Re-Se-Br-MBr (M=K, Rb, Cs) has been studied by NMR-spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. Polymer complexes Re 6 Se 8 Br 2 and M 2 Re 6 Se 8 Br 4 (M=Cs, Rb), and salts containing cluster anions [Re 6 Se 6 Br 8 ] 2- and [Re 6 Se 7 Br 7 ] 3- are the main products of reactions occurring in molten alkali metal halides in the number of cluster anions [{Re 6 Se 8-n Br n }Br 6 ] (4-n)- (0≤n≤4). Effect of alkali metal cation on the composition and ratios of formed products is established

Minimum K_2,3-saturated Graphs

OpenAIRE

Chen, Ya-Chen

2010-01-01

A graph is K_{2,3}-saturated if it has no subgraph isomorphic to K_{2,3}, but does contain a K_{2,3} after the addition of any new edge. We prove that the minimum number of edges in a K_{2,3}-saturated graph on n >= 5 vertices is sat(n, K_{2,3}) = 2n - 3.

Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family.

Science.gov (United States)

Bevans, Carville G; Krettler, Christoph; Reinhart, Christoph; Watzka, Matthias; Oldenburg, Johannes

2015-07-29

In humans and other vertebrate animals, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) family enzymes are the gatekeepers between nutritionally acquired K vitamins and the vitamin K cycle responsible for posttranslational modifications that confer biological activity upon vitamin K-dependent proteins with crucial roles in hemostasis, bone development and homeostasis, hormonal carbohydrate regulation and fertility. We report a phylogenetic analysis of the VKOR family that identifies five major clades. Combined phylogenetic and site-specific conservation analyses point to clade-specific similarities and differences in structure and function. We discovered a single-site determinant uniquely identifying VKOR homologs belonging to human pathogenic, obligate intracellular prokaryotes and protists. Building on previous work by Sevier et al. (Protein Science 14:1630), we analyzed structural data from both VKOR and prokaryotic disulfide bond formation protein B (DsbB) families and hypothesize an ancient evolutionary relationship between the two families where one family arose from the other through a gene duplication/deletion event. This has resulted in circular permutation of primary sequence threading through the four-helical bundle protein folds of both families. This is the first report of circular permutation relating distant a-helical membrane protein sequences and folds. In conclusion, we suggest a chronology for the evolution of the five extant VKOR clades.

Inhibition of Rac1 ameliorates neuronal oxidative stress damage via reducing Bcl-2/Rac1 complex formation in mitochondria through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Yundan; Wang, Na; Xia, Pingping; Wang, E; Guo, Qulian; Ye, Zhi

2018-02-01

Although the neuroprotective effects of Rac1 inhibition have been reported in various cerebral ischemic models, the molecular mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of Rac1 provided neuroprotection in a diabetic rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and hyperglycemia-exposed PC-12 cells. Intracerebroventricular administration of lentivirus expressing the Rac1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 not only decreased the infarct volumes and improved neurologic deficits with a correlated significant activation of mitochondrial DNA specific proteins, such as OGG1 and POLG, but also elevated Bcl-2 S70 phosphorylation in mitochondria. Furthermore, the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR increased, while 8-OHdG, ROS production and Bcl-2/Rac1 complex formation in mitochondria reduced in both Rac1-shRNA- and NSC23766-treated rats. Moreover, to confirm our in vivo observations, inhibition of Rac1 activity by NSC23766 suppressed the interactions between Bcl-2 and Rac1 in the mitochondria of PC-12 cells cultured in high glucose conditions and protected PC-12 cells from high glucose-induced neurotoxicity. More importantly, these beneficial effects of Rac1 inhibition were abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In contrast to NSC23766 treatment, LY294002 had little effect on the decrement of p-PTEN level. Taken together, these findings revealed novel neuroprotective roles of Rac1 inhibition against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in vivo and high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells in vitro, by reducing Bcl-2/Rac1 complex formation in mitochondria through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Formation of freestanding ZrO{sub 2} nanotubes for Cr(VI) removal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bashirom, Nurulhuda, E-mail: nurulhuda.usm2014@gmail.com; Ye, Beh Chin, E-mail: cyebeh@gmail.com; Razak, Khairunisak Abdul, E-mail: khairunisak@usm.my; Lockman, Zainovia, E-mail: zainovia@usm.my [School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang (Malaysia)

2016-07-06

Freestanding ZrO{sub 2} nanotubes (ZNTs) were produced using a simple anodization method in fluorinated ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 1 ml 1 M K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}. The pH of the bath was kept constant at 8. The potassium carbonate (K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) was added into electrolyte to promote the detachment of anodic ZrO{sub 2} film from the underlying zirconium (Zr) substrate. The poor adherence of ZNTs layer was due to generation of CO{sub 2} gas that was thought to occur between metal|oxide interfaces. The effect of anodization voltages towards the detachment of ZNTs layer was systematically studied at 20 V, 40 V, 50 V and 60 V for 1 hour. The formation of CO{sub 2} gas is a function of anodization voltage, in which at 60 V, a good anodic film separation seen due to higher formation of CO{sub 2} gas. A preliminary study shown the capability of ZNTs in removing 5 ppm of Cr(VI) aqueous solution under illumination of UV light.

6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during turnip mosaic virus infection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romain eGrangeon

2013-12-01

Full Text Available To successfully infect plants, viruses replicate in an initially infected cell and then move to neighboring cells through plasmodesmata (PDs. However, the nature of the viral entity that crosses over the cell barrier into non-infected ones is not clear. The membrane-associated 6K2 protein of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV induces the formation of vesicles involved in the replication and intracellular movement of viral RNA. This study shows that 6K2-induced vesicles trafficked towards the plasma membrane and were associated with plasmodesmata (PD. We demonstrated also that 6K2 moved cell-to-cell into adjoining cells when plants were infected with TuMV. 6K2 was then fused to photo-activable GFP (6K2:PAGFP to visualize how 6K2 move intercellularly during TuMV infection. After activation, 6K2:PAGFP-tagged vesicles moved to the cell periphery and across the cell wall into adjacent cells. These vesicles were shown to contain the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and viral RNA. Symplasmic movement of TuMV may thus be achieved in the form of a membrane-associated viral RNA complex induced by 6K2.

Threshold oxygen levels in Na(I) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels from accurate thermodynamic measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Sreedharan, O. M.; Madan, B. S.; Gnanamoorthy, J. B.

1983-12-01

The compound NaCrO 2(s) is an important corrosion product in sodium-cooled LMFBRs. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) is required for the computation of threshold oxygen levels in Na(1) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels. For this purpose the emf of the galvanic cell: Pt, NaCrO 2, Cr 2O 3, Na 2CrO 4/15 YSZ/O 2 ( P O 2 = 0.21 atm, air), Pt was measured over 784-1012 K to be: (E±4.4)(mV) = 483.67-0.34155 T(K). From this, the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) from the elements ( ΔG f,T0) and from the oxides ( ΔG f,OX,T0) was calculated to be: [ΔG f,T0(NaCrO 2, s)±1.86] (kJ/mol) =-869.98 + 0.18575 T(K) , [ΔG f,OX,T0(NaCr0 2, s)±4.8] (kJ/mol) = -104.25-0.00856 T(K) . The molar heat capacity, C P0, of NaCrO 2(s) was measured by DSC to be (350-600 K): C P0(NaCrO 2, s) (J/K mol) = 27.15 + 0.1247 T (K) , From these data, values of -99.3 kJ/mol and 91.6 J/K mol were computed for ΔH f,2980 and S 2980 of NaCrO 2(s). The internal consistency was checked with the use of enthalpy data on Na 2CrO 4(s). From the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) the equation logC 0(wppm) = 3.9905-3147.6 T(K) was derived, where C 0 is the threshold oxygen level for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels.

Enhanced apatite formation on Ti metal heated in PO2-controlled nitrogen atmosphere.

Science.gov (United States)

Hashimoto, Masami; Hayashi, Kazumi; Kitaoka, Satoshi

2013-10-01

The oxynitridation of biomedical titanium metal under a precisely regulated oxygen partial pressure (PO2) of 10(-14)Pa in nitrogen atmosphere at 973 K for 1 h strongly enhanced apatite formation compared with that on Ti heated in air. The factors governing the high apatite-forming ability are discussed from the viewpoint of the surface properties of Ti heated under a PO2 of 10(-14)Pa in nitrogen atmosphere determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential measurements. Nitrogen (N)-doped TiO2 (interstitial N) was formed on pure Ti heated under a PO2 of 10(-14)Pa in nitrogen atmosphere at 973 K. The XPS O1s main peak shifted toward a lower binding energy upon heating under a PO2 of 10(-14)Pa. This shift may be due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. This Ti surface had a positive zeta potential of approximately 20 mV. According to time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy results, PO4(3-) ions were predominantly adsorbed on Ti soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) after heat treatment, followed by calcium ions. It was concluded that the apatite formation kinetics can be described using the Avrami-Erofeev equation with an Avrami index of n=2, which implies the instantaneous nucleation of apatite on the surface of Ti soaked in SBF after heat treatment at 973 K under a PO2 of 10(-14)Pa. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cytotoxic activity of vitamins K1, K2 and K3 against human oral tumor cell lines.

Science.gov (United States)

Okayasu, H; Ishihara, M; Satoh, K; Sakagami, H

2001-01-01

Vitamin K1, K2 and K3 were compared for their cytotoxic activity, radical generation and O2- scavenging activity. Among these compounds, vitamin K3 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSG), human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL-60) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF). Vitamin K3 induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells, but not in HSC-2 or HSG cells. The cytotoxic activity of vitamins K2 and K1 was one and two orders lower, respectively, than K3. Vitamin K2, but not vitamin K3, showed tumor-specific cytotoxic action. ESR spectroscopy showed that only vitamin K3 produced radical(s) under alkaline condition and most potently enhanced the radical intensity of sodium ascorbate and scavenged O2- (generated by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction system); vitamin K2 was much less active whereas vitamin K1 was inactive. These data suggest that the cytotoxic activity of vitamin K3 is generated by radical-mediated oxidation mechanism and that this vitamin has two opposing actions (that is, antioxidant and prooxidant), depending on the experimental conditions.

New version: GRASP2K relativistic atomic structure package

Science.gov (United States)

Jönsson, P.; Gaigalas, G.; Bieroń, J.; Fischer, C. Froese; Grant, I. P.

2013-09-01

A revised version of GRASP2K [P. Jönsson, X. He, C. Froese Fischer, I.P. Grant, Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 (2007) 597] is presented. It supports earlier non-block and block versions of codes as well as a new block version in which the njgraf library module [A. Bar-Shalom, M. Klapisch, Comput. Phys. Commun. 50 (1988) 375] has been replaced by the librang angular package developed by Gaigalas based on the theory of [G. Gaigalas, Z.B. Rudzikas, C. Froese Fischer, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 30 (1997) 3747, G. Gaigalas, S. Fritzsche, I.P. Grant, Comput. Phys. Commun. 139 (2001) 263]. Tests have shown that errors encountered by njgraf do not occur with the new angular package. The three versions are denoted v1, v2, and v3, respectively. In addition, in v3, the coefficients of fractional parentage have been extended to j=9/2, making calculations feasible for the lanthanides and actinides. Changes in v2 include minor improvements. For example, the new version of rci2 may be used to compute quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections only from selected orbitals. In v3, a new program, jj2lsj, reports the percentage composition of the wave function in LSJ and the program rlevels has been modified to report the configuration state function (CSF) with the largest coefficient of an LSJ expansion. The bioscl2 and bioscl3 application programs have been modified to produce a file of transition data with one record for each transition in the same format as in ATSP2K [C. Froese Fischer, G. Tachiev, G. Gaigalas, M.R. Godefroid, Comput. Phys. Commun. 176 (2007) 559], which identifies each atomic state by the total energy and a label for the CSF with the largest expansion coefficient in LSJ intermediate coupling. All versions of the codes have been adapted for 64-bit computer architecture. Program SummaryProgram title: GRASP2K, version 1_1 Catalogue identifier: ADZL_v1_1 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADZL_v1_1.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library

Viscosity of melts of the system KCl-KBF4-K2TiF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen, D.K.; Danek, V.

1997-01-01

The viscosity of melts of the system KCl-KBF 4 -K 2 TiF 6 has been measured by means of the computerized torsional pendulum method. The viscosity of KCl is higher that of KBF 4 at the same temperature, most probably due to the substantial overheating of KBF 4 . In the ternary system the viscosity increases with increasing with increasing content of K 2 TiF 6 . Additivity of algorithms of viscosity was adopted as the ideal behaviour of the mixture. Negative deviations from such additive behaviour were found in the binary system KCl-KBF 4 probably due to the breaks of the weak B-Cl-B bridges caused by the excess of Cl - ions. Positive deviations from the ideal behaviour were found in the binaries KCl-K 2 TiF 6 and KBF 4 -K 2 TiF 6 due to the formation of larger anions TiF 6 Cl 3- and TiF 7 3- caused by the reactions K 2 TiF 6 (l) + KCl(l) = K 3 TiF 6 Cl(l) and KBF 4 (l) + K 2 TiF 6 (l) = K 3 TiF 7 (l) + BF 3 (g). Statistically significant ternary interaction confirmed that the above chemical reactions take place also in the ternary system. (authors)

Regulation of bone remodeling by vitamin K2.

Science.gov (United States)

Myneni, V D; Mezey, E

2017-11-01

All living tissues require essential nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water. The skeleton requires nutrients for development, maintaining bone mass and density. If the skeletal nutritional requirements are not met, the consequences can be quite severe. In recent years, there has been growing interest in promotion of bone health and inhibition of vascular calcification by vitamin K2. This vitamin regulates bone remodeling, an important process necessary to maintain adult bone. Bone remodeling involves removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts and its replacement by new bone formed by osteoblasts. The remodeling process is tightly regulated, when the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts to a net bone loss results in the development of osteoporosis in both men and women. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the effects of vitamin K2 on bone cells and its role in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Improvements of fabrication processes and enhancement of critical current densities in (Ba,K)Fe2As2 HIP wires and tapes

Science.gov (United States)

Pyon, Sunseng; Suwa, Takahiro; Tamegai, Tsuyoshi; Takano, Katsutoshi; Kajitani, Hideki; Koizumi, Norikiyo; Awaji, Satoshi; Zhou, Nan; Shi, Zhixiang

2018-05-01

We fabricated (Ba,K)Fe2As2 superconducting wires and tapes using the powder-in-tube method and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). HIP wires and tapes showed a high value of transport critical current density (J c) exceeding 100 kAcm‑2 at T = 4.2 K and the self-field. Transport J c in the HIP wire reached 38 kAcm‑2 in a high magnetic field of 100 kOe. This value is almost twice larger than the previous highest value of J c among round wires using iron-based superconductors. Enhancement of J c in the wires and tapes was caused by improvement of the drawing process, which caused degradation of the core, formation of microcracks, weak links between grains, and random orientation of grains. Details of the effect of the improved fabrication processes on the J c are discussed.

Quantum-chemical analysis of formation reactions of Со2+ complexes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viktor F. Vargalyuk

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Based on the analysis of quantum chemical calculations results (GAMESS, density functional theory, B3LYP method as to coordination compounds of Co2+ions with H2O, NH3, OH–, F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, CN–, Ac–, Ak– generally given by [Co(H2O6–nLn]2+nx, it has been demonstrated that within the selected series of ligands, there is no correlation between the amount of energy of monosubstituted cobalt aqua complexes formation(∆Е and pK1,just like between the effective nuclear charge of the central atom (z*Со and pK1. According to the behavior of ∆Е and z*Со,we identified two groups of ligands. The first group (OH–, F–, Ac–, Ak–, CN–, NH3 demonstrates logical ∆Е decrease caused by the growth of z*Со. On the contrary, the second group (Cl–, Br–, I– demonstrates ∆Е increase caused by the growth of z*Со. This phenomenon is explained by the change in electronegativity and polarizability of donor atoms in groups and periods of the periodic table. It is established that linear correlations given by lgK = A + B·z*Со can be actualized only for complexes having ligands with similar donor atoms. Referring to the literature on stepwise complex formation of hydroxide, amine and chloride cobalt complexes in combination with z*Со calculations results, we determined A and B constants of lgK, z*Со-correlations for the atoms of oxygen (30.2, –17.7; nitrogen (125.4, –69.9 and chlorine (–6.3, 5.8. The existence of the detected correlation series enables us to lean on lgK,z*М–dependence parameters for the fixed donor atom and to determine Kn values for various complexes with complex-based ligands using calculations and z*М data. This applies to complexes having central atoms of the same nature as well as simple monodentate ligands. The mentioned approach was used to calculate the stability constants for acrylate cobalt complexes (lgK1 = 1.2 и lgК2 = 4.3, which are not covered in literature.

Quinoline-substituted Zinc(II) phthalocyanine for the dual detection of ferric and zinc ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gupta, Ankush [Lyallpur Khalsa College of Engineering, Jalandhar (India); Kim, A Rong [Dong-A University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kyung Sub; Na, Kun [The Catholic University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Choi, Myung Seok [Konkuk University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Jong S. [Pusan National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-09-15

Here we present the synthesis and properties of quinoline-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine, Zn[Pc(O-QN){sub 4} ]. Zn[Pc(O-QN){sub 4} ] can function as a highly selective chemosensor against Fe{sup 3+} and Zn{sup 2+} ions, exhibiting efficient fluorescence quenching and enhancement, respectively. Various characterization techniques were employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions of Zn[Pc(O-QN){sub 4} ] with metal ions. A double-electron exchange and a forbidden photoinduced electron transfer behavior in Zn[Pc(O-QN){sub 4} ] were attributed to such opposite responses. Furthermore, by taking advantage of selectivity, we successfully employed Zn[Pc(O-QN)-4 ] to stain and record confocal fluorescence microscopy images of Chang liver cells in the presence of metal ions.

K2V2O2(AsO42

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thierry Roisnel

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The vanadium oxide arsenate with formula K2V2O2(AsO42, dipotassium divanadium(IV dioxide diarsenate, has been synthesized by solid-state reaction in an evacuated silica ampoule. Its structure is isotypic with K2V2O2(PO42. The framework is built up from corner-sharing VO6 octahedra and AsO4 tetrahedra, creating an infinite [VAsO8]∞ chain running along the a- and c-axis directions. The K+ cations are located in hexagonal tunnels, which are delimited by the connection of the [VAsO8]∞ chains.

OH+ Formation in the Low-temperature O+(4S) + H2 Reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Kovalenko, Artem; Dung Tran, Thuy; Rednyk, Serhiy; Roučka, Štěpán; Dohnal, Petr; Plašil, Radek; Gerlich, Dieter; Glosík, Juraj

2018-04-01

Formation of OH+ in collisions of ground-state O+(4S) ions with normal H2 has been studied using a variable temperature 22-pole RF ion trap. From 300 to 30 K the measured reaction rate coefficient is temperature-independent, with a small decrease toward 15 K. The recent wave packet calculation predicts a slightly steeper temperature dependence. The rate coefficients at 300 and 15 K are almost the same, (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10‑9 cm3 s‑1 and (1.3 ± 0.3) × 10‑9 cm3 s‑1, respectively. The influence of traces of the two metastable ions, O+(2D) and O+(2P), has been examined by monitoring the H+ products of their reactions with H2, as well as by chemically probing them with N2 reactant gas.

Thermodynamics of HEDPA protonation in different media and complex formation with Mg2+ and Ca2+

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foti, Claudia; Giuffrè, Ottavia; Sammartano, Silvio

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Acid–base properties of etidronic acid in different ionic media and at different ionic strengths. • Complex formation of etidronate with Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . • Dependence on ionic strength analysed by a Debye–Hückel type equation and the SIT approach. • Suggested protonation constants calculated at I = 0.1 mol · L −1 and t = 25 °C, in different ionic media. -- Abstract: Acid–base properties of etidronic acid [(1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diyil)bis(phosphonic acid), HEDPA] in different ionic media and at different ionic strengths (NaCl, KCl: I ⩽ 2 mol · L −1 ; (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NI: I ⩽ 1 mol · L −1 ) were studied at t = 25 °C, determining, by potentiometric and calorimetric techniques, protonation constants and enthalpy changes. The differences in the protonation constants in the different supporting electrolytes were also interpreted in terms of weak complex formation with M i L (with i = 1, 2), MLH j (with j = 1, 2, 3) and M 2 LH species (with L = HEDPA; M = Na + , K + ). The formation constants for the species of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , were determined by potentiometric titrations at different ionic strengths (0.1 ⩽ I/mol · L −1 ⩽ 1) in NaCl at t = 25 °C. The stability of these species is fairly high, as an example, at I = 0.1 mol · L −1 and t = 25 °C, for ML species, log β = 6.52 and 6.86, for Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , respectively, obtained by considering simultaneously HEDPA–Na + interactions. The dependence on ionic strength was analysed by a Debye–Hückel type equation and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) approach for protonation thermodynamic parameters and by a Debye–Hückel type equation for Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ complex formation. The sequestering ability of HEDPA toward Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was also analysed. A comparison with literature data is given

Reaction Mechanisms for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO and Formate on the Cu(100) Surface at 298K from Quantum Mechanics Free Energy Calculations with Explicit Water.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Tao; Xiao, Hai; Goddard, William A

2016-10-11

Copper is the only elemental metal that reduces a significant fraction of CO 2 to hydrocarbons and alcohols, but the atomistic reaction mechanism that controls the product distributions are not known because it has not been possible to detect the reaction intermediates on the electrode surface experimentally, or carry out Quantum Mechanics (QM) calculations with a realistic description of the electrolyte (water). Here, we carry out Quantum Mechanics (QM) calculations with an explicit description of water on the Cu(100) surface (experimentally shown to be stable under CO2RR conditions) to examine the initial reaction pathways to form CO and formate (HCOO - ) from CO 2 through free energy calculations at 298K and pH 7. We find that CO formation proceeds from physisorbed CO 2 to chemisorbed CO 2 (*CO 2 δ- ), with a free energy barrier of ΔG ‡ =0.43 eV, the rate determining step (RDS). The subsequent barriers of protonating *CO 2 δ- to form COOH* and then dissociating COOH* to form *CO are 0.37 eV and 0.30 eV, respectively. HCOO - formation proceeds through a very different pathway in which physisorbed CO 2 reacts directly with a surface H* (along with electron transfer), leading to ΔG ‡ = 0.80 eV. Thus, the competition between CO formation and HCOO - formation occurs in the first electron transfer step. On Cu(100), the RDS for CO formation is lower, making CO the predominant product. Thus, to alter the product distribution we need to control this first step of CO 2 binding, which might involve alloying or changing the structure at the nanoscale.

Neutrino Oscillation Experiments with J-PARC: T2K, T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande

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CERN. Geneva

2016-01-01

The T2K experiment started the operation in 2010, and advances neutrino physics with the discovery of electron neutrino appearance in the muon neutrino beam and precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters. In 2016, the measurements of anti-neutrino oscillation directly constrain CP violation in neutrino oscillation. In this colloquium, we introduce many physics results from T2K including the most recent one of the CP violation. By utilizing the J-PARC neutrino beam, the upgrade of the T2K experiment (naming T2K-II) is planned and Hyper-Kamiokande is proposed to explore neutrino physics further. In T2K-II, the beam power of J-PARC will be upgraded to 1.3 MW around 2020. Hyper-Kamiokande is the larger Water Cherenkov detector of 520 k...

Enthalpies of formation of selected Co{sub 2}YZ Heusler compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yin, Ming, E-mail: myin1@hawk.iit.edu; Chen, Song; Nash, Philip

2013-11-15

Highlights: •Enthalpies of formation of selected Co{sub 2}YZ were measured by drop calorimeters. •Enthalpy decreases as the Z element approaches the top right corner of the periodic table. •For the Y element, enthalpy increases on increasing the number of d electrons. •Result of L2{sub 1} structured compounds agrees with first principles data. •Lattice parameters and related phase relationships were consistent with literature data. -- Abstract: Standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K of selected ternary Co{sub 2}-based Heusler compounds Co{sub 2}YZ (Y = Fe, Hf, Mn, Ti, V, Zr; Z = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn) were measured by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry. The measured enthalpies of formation (in kJ/mole of atoms) of the L2{sub 1} compounds are: Co{sub 2}FeGa (−25.8 ± 2.6); Co{sub 2}FeSi (−38.4 ± 2.2); Co{sub 2}FeGe (−11.6 ± 2.1); Co{sub 2}MnGa (−30.1 ± 2.3); Co{sub 2}MnSi (−42.4 ± 1.2); Co{sub 2}MnGe (−31.6 ± 3.0); Co{sub 2}MnSn (−15.6 ± 2.8); Co{sub 2}TiAl (−55.0 ± 3.7); Co{sub 2}TiGa (−54.2 ± 2.6); Co{sub 2}TiSi (−61.4 ± 1.7); Co{sub 2}TiGe (−59.3 ± 3.8); Co{sub 2}TiSn (−38.4 ± 2.0); Co{sub 2}VGa (−28.4 ± 1.1) and for the B2 compounds: Co{sub 2}FeAl (−22.5 ± 2.5), Co{sub 2}MnAl (−27.6 ± 2.7). Values are compared with those from first principles calculation when available and the extended semi-empirical model of Miedema. Trends in enthalpy of formation with element atomic number are discussed. Lattice parameters of the compounds with L2{sub 1} structure are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Probing the multifactorial basis of Plasmodium falciparum quinine resistance: evidence for a strain-specific contribution of the sodium-proton exchanger PfNHE.

Science.gov (United States)

Nkrumah, Louis J; Riegelhaupt, Paul M; Moura, Pedro; Johnson, David J; Patel, Jigar; Hayton, Karen; Ferdig, Michael T; Wellems, Thomas E; Akabas, Myles H; Fidock, David A

2009-06-01

Quinine (QN) continues to be an important treatment option for severe malaria, however resistance to this drug has emerged in field isolates of the etiologic agent Plasmodium falciparum. Quantitative trait loci investigations of QN resistance have mapped three loci of this complex trait. Two coincide with pfcrt and pfmdr1, involved in resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and other quinoline-based antimalarials. A third locus on chromosome 13 contains the sodium-proton exchanger (pfnhe) gene. Previous studies have associated pfnhe polymorphisms with reduced QN sensitivity in culture-adapted field isolates. Here, we provide direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that pfnhe contributes to QN resistance. Using allelic exchange, we reduced pfnhe expression by introducing a truncated 3' untranslated region (UTR) from pfcrt into the endogenous pfnhe 3'UTR. Transfections were performed with 1BB5 and 3BA6 (both CQ- and QN-resistant) as well as GC03 (CQ- and QN-sensitive), all progenies of the HB3xDd2 genetic cross. RNA and protein analyses of the ensuing recombinant clones demonstrated a approximately 50% decrease in pfnhe expression levels. A statistically significant 30% decrease in QN IC(50) values was associated with these decreased expression levels in 1BB5 and 3BA6 but not in GC03. CQ, mefloquine and lumefantrine IC(50) values were unaltered. Cytosolic pH values were similar in all parental lines and recombinant clones. Our observations support a role for pfnhe in QN resistance in a strain-dependent manner, which might be contingent on pre-existing resistance to CQ and/or QN. These data bolster observations that QN resistance is a complex trait requiring the contribution of multiple transporter proteins.

[Excitation transfer between high-lying states in K2 in collisions with ground state K and H2 molecules].

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Xiao-Yan; Liu, Jing; Dai, Kang; Shen, Yi-Fan

2010-02-01

Pure potassium vapor or K-H2 mixture was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of 710 nm radiation from an OPO laser, populating K2 (1lambda(g)) state by two-photon absorption. Cross sections for 1lambda(g)-3lambda(g) transfer in K2 were determined using methods of molecular fluorescence. During the experiments with pure K vapor, the cell temperature was varied between 553 and 603 K. The K number density was determined spectroscopically by the white-light absorption measurement in the blue wing of the self-broadened resonance D2 line. The resulting fluorescence included a direct component emitted in the decay of the optically excitation and a sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated state. The decay signal of time-resolved fluorescence from1lambda(g) -->1 1sigma(u)+ transition was monitored. It was seen that just after the laser pulse the fluorescence of the photoexcited level decreased exponentially. The effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state can be resolved. The plot of reciprocal of effective lifetimes of the 1lambda(g) state against K densities yielded the slope that indicated the total cross section for deactivation and the intercept that provided the radiative lifetime of the state. The radiative lifetime (20 +/- 2) ns was obtained. The cross section for deactivation of the K2(1lambda(g)) molecules by collisions with K is (2.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-14) cm2. The time-resolved intensities of the K23lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ (484 nm) line were measured. The radiative lifetime (16.0 +/- 3.2) ns and the total cross section (2.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(-14) cm2 for deactivation of the K2 (3lambda(g)) state can also be determined through the analogous procedure. The time-integrated intensities of 1lambda(g) --> 1 1sigma(u)+ and 3lambda(g) --> 1 3sigma(u)+ transitions were measured. The cross section (1.1 +/- 0.3) x10(-14) cm2 was obtained for K2 (1lambda(g))+ K --> K2 (3lambda(g)) + K collisions. During the experiments with K-H2 mixture, the

Ge nitride formation in N-doped amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung, M.-C.; Lee, Y. M.; Kim, H.-D.; Kim, M. G.; Shin, H. J.; Kim, K. H.; Song, S. A.; Jeong, H. S.; Ko, C. H.; Han, M.

2007-01-01

The chemical state of N in N-doped amorphous Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (a-GST) samples with 0-14.3 N at. % doping concentrations was investigated by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS) and Ge K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). HRXPS showed negligible change in the Te 4d and Sb 4d core-level spectra. In the Ge 3d core-level spectra, a Ge nitride (GeN x ) peak developed at the binding energy of 30.2 eV and increased in intensity as the N-doping concentration increased. Generation of GeN x was confirmed by the Ge K-edge absorption spectra. These results indicate that the N atoms bonded with the Ge atoms to form GeN x , rather than bonding with the Te or Sb atoms. It has been suggested that the formation of Ge nitride results in increased resistance and phase-change temperature

Structural, vibrational and morphological properties of layered double hydroxides containing Ni2+, Zn2+, Al3+ and Zr4+ cations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bezerra, Débora M.; Rodrigues, João E.F.S.; Assaf, Elisabete M.

2017-01-01

Layered double hydroxides are anionic clays with formula [M II 1−x M III x (OH) 2 ] q+ [A n− ] q/n ·mH 2 O, finding possible uses as catalyst support, adsorbents and so on. In this paper, we address the phase formation of layered double hydroxides containing Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ and Zr 4+ cations, namely, NiZn-Al, NiZn-AlZr and NiZn-Zr compositions obtained by the coprecipitation method. Such systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction, confirming the phase formation for NiZn-Al and NiZn-AlZr samples. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies elucidated the anion and water molecules occurrence in the interlayer. Nitrogen physisorption (BET method) determined the presence of pores and specific surface area. The isotherm shapes were Type IV, according to the IUPAC, and represent a mesoporous structure. A morphological study was performed by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and particle size values of 120, 131 and 235 nm for NiZn-Al, NiZn-AlZr and NiZn-Zr, respectively, were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis of the decomposition of the systems revealed that their complete disintegration occurred at ~ 450 °C and resulted in mixed oxides.

K2-232 b: a transiting warm Saturn on an eccentric P = 11.2 d orbit around a V = 9.9 star

Science.gov (United States)

Brahm, R.; Espinoza, N.; Jordán, A.; Rojas, F.; Sarkis, P.; Díaz, M. R.; Rabus, M.; Drass, H.; Lachaume, R.; Soto, M. G.; Jenkins, J. S.; Jones, M. I.; Henning, Th; Pantoja, B.; Vučković, M.

2018-06-01

We report the discovery of K2-232 b using photometric data of the Kepler K2 satellite coupled with ground-based spectroscopic observations. K2-232 b has a mass of MP = 0.397 ± 0.037 MJ, a radius of RP = 1.00 ± 0.020 RJ, and a moderately low equilibrium temperature of Teq = 1030 ± 15 K due to its relatively large star-planet separation of a = 0.1036 au. K2-232 b orbits its bright (V = 9.9) late F-type host star in an eccentric orbit (e = 0.258 ± 0.025) every 11.2 d, and is one of only four well-characterized warm Jupiters having host stars brighter than V = 10. We estimate a heavy element content of 20 ± 7 M⊕ for K2-232 b, which is consistent with standard models of giant planet formation. The bright host star of K2-232 b makes this system a well-suited target for detailed follow-up observations that will aid in the study of the atmospheres and orbital evolution of giant planets at moderate separations from their host stars.

Identification of Young Stellar Variables with KELT for K2 . I. Taurus Dippers and Rotators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Cargile, Phillip A. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Ansdell, Megan [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaií at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Oelkers, Ryan J.; Somers, Garrett; Lund, Michael B.; Stassun, Keivan G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235 (United States); Gaidos, Eric [Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaií at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States); Cody, Ann Marie [NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 (United States); Stevens, Daniel J.; Gaudi, B. Scott [Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States); James, David [Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States); Beatty, Thomas G. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Siverd, Robert J. [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (United States); Kuhn, Rudolf B. [South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935 (South Africa); Pepper, Joshua [Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, PA 18015 (United States)

2017-10-20

One of the most well-studied young stellar associations, Taurus–Auriga, was observed by the extended Kepler mission, K2 , in the spring of 2017. K2 Campaign 13 (C13) is a unique opportunity to study many stars in this young association at high photometric precision and cadence. Using observations from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey, we identify “dippers,” aperiodic and periodic variables among K2 C13 target stars. This release of the KELT data (light curve data in e-tables) provides the community with long-time baseline observations to assist in the understanding of the more exotic variables in the association. Transient-like phenomena on timescales of months to years are known characteristics in the light curves of young stellar objects, making contextual pre- and post- K2 observations critical to understanding their underlying processes. We are providing a comprehensive set of the KELT light curves for known Taurus–Auriga stars in K2 C13. The combined data sets from K2 and KELT should permit a broad array of investigations related to star formation, stellar variability, and protoplanetary environments.

Identification of Young Stellar Variables with KELT for K2 . I. Taurus Dippers and Rotators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Ansdell, Megan; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Somers, Garrett; Lund, Michael B.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Gaidos, Eric; Cody, Ann Marie; Stevens, Daniel J.; Gaudi, B. Scott; James, David; Beatty, Thomas G.; Siverd, Robert J.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Pepper, Joshua

2017-01-01

One of the most well-studied young stellar associations, Taurus–Auriga, was observed by the extended Kepler mission, K2 , in the spring of 2017. K2 Campaign 13 (C13) is a unique opportunity to study many stars in this young association at high photometric precision and cadence. Using observations from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey, we identify “dippers,” aperiodic and periodic variables among K2 C13 target stars. This release of the KELT data (light curve data in e-tables) provides the community with long-time baseline observations to assist in the understanding of the more exotic variables in the association. Transient-like phenomena on timescales of months to years are known characteristics in the light curves of young stellar objects, making contextual pre- and post- K2 observations critical to understanding their underlying processes. We are providing a comprehensive set of the KELT light curves for known Taurus–Auriga stars in K2 C13. The combined data sets from K2 and KELT should permit a broad array of investigations related to star formation, stellar variability, and protoplanetary environments.

$K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S}$ Final State in Two-Photon Collisions and Implications for Glueballs

CERN Document Server

Acciarri, M.; Adriani, O.; Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alcaraz, J.; Alemanni, G.; Allaby, J.; Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M.G.; Ambrosi, G.; Anderhub, H.; Andreev, Valery P.; Angelescu, T.; Anselmo, F.; Arefev, A.; Azemoon, T.; Aziz, T.; Bagnaia, P.; Bajo, A.; Baksay, L.; Balandras, A.; Baldew, S.V.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, Sw.; Barczyk, A.; Barillere, R.; Bartalini, P.; Basile, M.; Batalova, N.; Battiston, R.; Bay, A.; Becattini, F.; Becker, U.; Behner, F.; Bellucci, L.; Berbeco, R.; Berdugo, J.; Berges, P.; Bertucci, B.; Betev, B.L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Biasini, M.; Biland, A.; Blaising, J.J.; Blyth, S.C.; Bobbink, G.J.; Bohm, A.; Boldizsar, L.; Borgia, B.; Bourilkov, D.; Bourquin, M.; Braccini, S.; Branson, J.G.; Brochu, F.; Buffini, A.; Buijs, A.; Burger, J.D.; Burger, W.J.; Cai, X.D.; Capell, M.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carlino, G.; Cartacci, A.M.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cavallari, F.; Cavallo, N.; Cecchi, C.; Cerrada, M.; Cesaroni, F.; Chamizo, M.; Chang, Y.H.; Chaturvedi, U.K.; Chemarin, M.; Chen, A.; Chen, G.; Chen, G.M.; Chen, H.F.; Chen, H.S.; Chiefari, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Civinini, C.; Clare, I.; Clare, R.; Coignet, G.; Colino, N.; Costantini, S.; Cotorobai, F.; de la Cruz, B.; Csilling, A.; Cucciarelli, S.; Dai, T.S.; van Dalen, J.A.; D'Alessandro, R.; de Asmundis, R.; Deglon, P.; Degre, A.; Deiters, K.; della Volpe, D.; Delmeire, E.; Denes, P.; DeNotaristefani, F.; De Salvo, A.; Diemoz, M.; Dierckxsens, M.; van Dierendonck, D.; Dionisi, C.; Dittmar, M.; Dominguez, A.; Doria, A.; Dova, M.T.; Duchesneau, D.; Dufournaud, D.; Duinker, P.; Duran, I.; El Mamouni, H.; Engler, A.; Eppling, F.J.; Erne, F.C.; Extermann, P.; Fabre, M.; Falagan, M.A.; Falciano, S.; Favara, A.; Fay, J.; Fedin, O.; Felcini, M.; Ferguson, T.; Fesefeldt, H.; Fiandrini, E.; Field, J.H.; Filthaut, F.; Fisher, P.H.; Fisk, I.; Forconi, G.; Freudenreich, K.; Furetta, C.; Galaktionov, Iouri; Ganguli, S.N.; Garcia-Abia, Pablo; Gataullin, M.; Gau, S.S.; Gentile, S.; Gheordanescu, N.; Giagu, S.; Gong, Z.F.; Grenier, Gerald Jean; Grimm, O.; Gruenewald, M.W.; Guida, M.; van Gulik, R.; Gupta, V.K.; Gurtu, A.; Gutay, L.J.; Haas, D.; Hasan, A.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hebbeker, T.; Herve, Alain; Hidas, P.; Hirschfelder, J.; Hofer, H.; Holzner, G.; Hoorani, H.; Hou, S.R.; Hu, Y.; Iashvili, I.; Jin, B.N.; Jones, Lawrence W.; de Jong, P.; Josa-Mutuberria, I.; Khan, R.A.; Kaur, M.; Kienzle-Focacci, M.N.; Kim, D.; Kim, J.K.; Kirkby, Jasper; Kiss, D.; Kittel, W.; Klimentov, A.; Konig, A.C.; Kopal, M.; Kopp, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Kraber, M.; Kraemer, R.W.; Krenz, W.; Kruger, A.; Kunin, A.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Laktineh, I.; Landi, G.; Lebeau, M.; Lebedev, A.; Lebrun, P.; Lecomte, P.; Lecoq, P.; Le Coultre, P.; Lee, H.J.; Le Goff, J.M.; Leiste, R.; Levtchenko, P.; Li, C.; Likhoded, S.; Lin, C.H.; Lin, W.T.; Linde, F.L.; Lista, L.; Liu, Z.A.; Lohmann, W.; Longo, E.; Lu, Y.S.; Lubelsmeyer, K.; Luci, C.; Luckey, David; Lugnier, L.; Luminari, L.; Lustermann, W.; Ma, W.G.; Maity, M.; Malgeri, L.; Malinin, A.; Mana, C.; Mangeol, D.; Mans, J.; Marian, G.; Martin, J.P.; Marzano, F.; Mazumdar, K.; McNeil, R.R.; Mele, S.; Merola, L.; Meschini, M.; Metzger, W.J.; von der Mey, M.; Mihul, A.; Milcent, H.; Mirabelli, G.; Mnich, J.; Mohanty, G.B.; Moulik, T.; Muanza, G.S.; Muijs, A.J.M.; Musicar, B.; Musy, M.; Napolitano, M.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Newman, H.; Niessen, T.; Nisati, A.; Kluge, Hannelies; Ofierzynski, R.; Organtini, G.; Oulianov, A.; Palomares, C.; Pandoulas, D.; Paoletti, S.; Paolucci, P.; Paramatti, R.; Park, H.K.; Park, I.H.; Passaleva, G.; Patricelli, S.; Paul, Thomas Cantzon; Pauluzzi, M.; Paus, C.; Pauss, F.; Pedace, M.; Pensotti, S.; Perret-Gallix, D.; Petersen, B.; Piccolo, D.; Pierella, F.; Pieri, M.; Piroue, P.A.; Pistolesi, E.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Pojidaev, V.; Postema, H.; Pothier, J.; Prokofev, D.O.; Prokofiev, D.; Quartieri, J.; Rahal-Callot, G.; Rahaman, M.A.; Raics, P.; Raja, N.; Ramelli, R.; Rancoita, P.G.; Ranieri, R.; Raspereza, A.; Raven, G.; Razis, P.; Ren, D.; Rescigno, M.; Reucroft, S.; Riemann, S.; Riles, Keith; Rodin, J.; Roe, B.P.; Romero, L.; Rosca, A.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rubio, J.A.; Ruggiero, G.; Rykaczewski, H.; Saremi, S.; Sarkar, S.; Salicio, J.; Sanchez, E.; Sanders, M.P.; Schafer, C.; Schegelsky, V.; Schmidt-Kaerst, S.; Schmitz, D.; Schopper, H.; Schotanus, D.J.; Schwering, G.; Sciacca, C.; Seganti, A.; Servoli, L.; Shevchenko, S.; Shivarov, N.; Shoutko, V.; Shumilov, E.; Shvorob, A.; Siedenburg, T.; Son, D.; Smith, B.; Spillantini, P.; Steuer, M.; Stickland, D.P.; Stone, A.; Stoyanov, B.; Straessner, A.; Sudhakar, K.; Sultanov, G.; Sun, L.Z.; Sushkov, S.; Suter, H.; Swain, J.D.; Szillasi, Z.; Sztaricskai, T.; Tang, X.W.; Tauscher, L.; Taylor, L.; Tellili, B.; Timmermans, Charles; Ting, Samuel C.C.; Ting, S.M.; Tonwar, S.C.; Toth, J.; Tully, C.; Tung, K.L.; Uchida, Y.; Ulbricht, J.; Valente, E.; Vesztergombi, G.; Vetlitsky, I.; Vicinanza, D.; Viertel, G.; Villa, S.; Vivargent, M.; Vlachos, S.; Vodopianov, I.; Vogel, H.; Vogt, H.; Vorobev, I.; Vorobov, A.A.; Vorvolakos, A.; Wadhwa, M.; Wallraff, W.; Wang, M.; Wang, X.L.; Wang, Z.M.; Weber, A.; Weber, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wilkens, H.; Wu, S.X.; Wynhoff, S.; Xia, L.; Xu, Z.Z.; Yamamoto, J.; Yang, B.Z.; Yang, C.G.; Yang, H.J.; Yang, M.; Ye, J.B.; Yeh, S.C.; Zalite, A.; Zalite, Yu.; Zhang, Z.P.; Zhu, G.Y.; Zhu, R.Y.; Zichichi, A.; Zilizi, G.; Zimmermann, B.; Zoller, M.

2001-01-01

The $\\mbox{K}^0_{\\rm S}\\mbox{K}^0_{\\rm S}$ final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the $f'_{2}$(1525) tensor meson in the helicity-two state with a two-photon width times the branching ratio into $\\rm K\\bar{K}$ of $76 \\pm\\, 6 \\pm\\, 11\\, {\\rm eV}$. A clear signal for the formation of the f$_{\\rm J}$(1710) is observed and it is found to be dominated by the spin-two helicity-two state. No resonance is observed in the mass region around $2.2 \\,{\\rm GeV}$ and an upper limit of $1.4 \\,{\\rm eV}$ at 95\\% C.L. is derived for the two-photon width times the branching ratio into $\\mbox{K}^0_{\\rm S}\\mbox{K}^0_{\\rm S}$ for the glueball candidate $\\xi(2230)$.

Effect of CaCO_3 addition on ash sintering behaviour during K_2CO_3 catalysed steam gasification of a Chinese lignite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Jiguang; Li, Jianbo; Mao, Yandong; Bi, Jicheng; Zhu, Mingming; Zhang, Zhezi; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Dongke

2017-01-01

Highlights: • K_2CO_3 decreased ash sintering temperature and enhanced ash melting in gasification. • CaCO_3 addition enhanced ash melting and lowered ash sintering temperatures. • CaCO_3 reacted with SiO_2 to form fluxing phases and amorphous materials. • CaCO_3 addition inhibited the potassium aluminium silicate formation. • CaCO_3 addition preserved the catalytic activity of potassium. - Abstract: The ash sintering behaviour of a Chinese lignite (LLI) with different amounts of CaCO_3 addition during K_2CO_3-catalysed gasification was investigated. 0–10 wt% K_2CO_3 was doped into the lignite for catalytic gasification, and CaCO_3 was added into the K_2CO_3-doped samples, varying in the range of 0–20 wt% relative to the lignite, for understanding its impact on ash sintering and catalytic gasification activity. Ash samples were prepared by completely gasifying the lignite samples with steam in a fixed-bed catalytic gasification system operating at 1073 K and atmospheric pressure. Sintering temperature, mineralogy and morphology of the ash samples thus obtained were determined using a pressure-drop sintering device, XRD and SEM-EDS, respectively. The results showed that the ash sintering temperature decreased as the K_2CO_3 addition increased, indicating that K_2CO_3 as the catalyst for gasification would promote ash sintering. SEM imaging analysis showed that all the ash samples from LLI with K_2CO_3 addition were composed of agglomerated particles with smooth surfaces, indicating the ashes had incurred partial melting. The degree of melting became more apparent as the K_2CO_3 addition ratio increased. These molten phases were identified as K-bearing arcanite and kaliophilite, which contributed to the formation of liquid phases at lower temperatures, resulting in lowered ash sintering temperatures. It was also revealed that the addition of CaCO_3 decreased the sintering temperatures of ash samples, indicating that the ash sintering was further

Stellar Companions of Exoplanet Host Stars in K2

Science.gov (United States)

Matson, Rachel; Howell, Steve; Horch, Elliott; Everett, Mark

2018-01-01

Stellar multiplicity has significant implications for the detection and characterization of exoplanets. A stellar companion can mimic the signal of a transiting planet or distort the true planetary radii, leading to improper density estimates and over-predicting the occurrence rates of Earth-sized planets. Determining the fraction of exoplanet host stars that are also binaries allows us to better determine planetary characteristics as well as establish the relationship between binarity and planet formation. Using high-resolution speckle imaging to obtain diffraction limited images of K2 planet candidate host stars we detect stellar companions within one arcsec and up to six magnitudes fainter than the host star. By comparing our observed companion fraction to TRILEGAL star count simulations, and using the known detection limits of speckle imaging, we find the binary fraction of K2 planet host stars to be similar to that of Kepler host stars and solar-type field stars. Accounting for stellar companions in exoplanet studies is therefore essential for deriving true stellar and planetary properties as well as maximizing the returns for TESS and future exoplanet missions.

Potassium Capture by Kaolin, Part 2: K2CO3, KCI, and K2SO4

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Guoliang; Jensen, Peter Arendt; Wu, Hao

2018-01-01

residence time on the reaction was investigated. The results showed that the K-capture level (C-K) (g potassium reacted by per g kaolin available) of K2CO3 and KCI by kaolin generally followed the equilibrium predictions at temperatures above 1100 degrees C, when using a kaolin particle size of D50 = 5.......47 mu m and a residence time of 1.2 s. This revealed that a nearly full conversion was obtained without kinetic or transport limitations at the conditions applied. At 800 and 900 degrees C, the measured conversions were lower than the equilibrium predictions, indicating that the reactions were either...

Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 and K2 isolates in Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Harada, Sohei; Ishii, Yoshikazu; Saga, Tomoo; Aoki, Kotaro; Tateda, Kazuhiro

2018-03-20

Although severe infections caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, such as K1 isolates belonging to sequence type (ST) 23, have been a significant problem in Asian countries, epidemiology of these isolates in Japan remains unclear. We performed a nationwide molecular epidemiological study of K. pneumoniae K1 and K2 isolates in Japan. Of the 259K. pneumoniae isolates collected, 14 and 16 isolates were identified as capsular genotypes K1 and K2, respectively. All K1 isolates were ST23 or its closely related clones and showed high genetic similarity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the DiversiLab system (DL). K2 isolates, belonging to ST14, ST25, ST65, ST86, and ST110, were more genetically diverse than K1 isolates. Isolates belonging to a specific ST showed identical virulence gene profiles with a few exceptions. PFGE and DL results using K1 and K2 isolates were generally in agreement. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Online Appendix to Y2K

OpenAIRE

Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe; Martin Uribe

1998-01-01

As the millenium draws to an end, the threat posed by the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem is inducing vast private and public spending on its remediation. In this paper, we embed the Y2K problem into a dynamic general equilibrium framework. We model the Y2K problem as an anticipated, permanent loss to output whose magnitude can be lessened by investing resources in advance. Our model replicates three observed characteristics of the dynamics triggered by the Y2K bug: (1) Precautionary investment: inve...

Parallel Quasi Newton Algorithms for Large Scale Non Linear Unconstrained Optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahman, M. A.; Basarudin, T.

1997-01-01

This paper discusses about Quasi Newton (QN) method to solve non-linear unconstrained minimization problems. One of many important of QN method is choice of matrix Hk. to be positive definite and satisfies to QN method. Our interest here is the parallel QN methods which will suite for the solution of large-scale optimization problems. The QN methods became less attractive in large-scale problems because of the storage and computational requirements. How ever, it is often the case that the Hessian is space matrix. In this paper we include the mechanism of how to reduce the Hessian update and hold the Hessian properties.One major reason of our research is that the QN method may be good in solving certain type of minimization problems, but it is efficiency degenerate when is it applied to solve other category of problems. For this reason, we use an algorithm containing several direction strategies which are processed in parallel. We shall attempt to parallelized algorithm by exploring different search directions which are generated by various QN update during the minimization process. The different line search strategies will be employed simultaneously in the process of locating the minimum along each direction.The code of algorithm will be written in Occam language 2 which is run on the transputer machine

Structural, optical and electronic properties of K2Ba(NO3)4 crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Isaenko, L. I.; Korzhneva, K. E.; Goryainov, S. V.; Goloshumova, A. A.; Sheludyakova, L. A.; Bekenev, V. L.; Khyzhun, O. Y.

2018-02-01

Nitrate crystals reveal nonlinear optical properties and could be considered as converters of laser radiation in the short-wave region. The conditions for obtaining and basic properties of K2Ba(NO3)4 double nitrate crystals were investigated. Crystal growth was implemented by slow cooling in the temperature range of 72-49 °C and low rate evaporation. The structural analysis of K2Ba(NO3)4 formation on the basis of two mixed simple nitrate structures is discussed. The main groups of oscillations in K2Ba(NO3)4 crystal were revealed using Raman and IR spectroscopy, and the table of vibrations for this compound was compiled. The electronic structure of K2Ba(NO3)4 was elucidated in the present work from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. In particular, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed in the present work to measure binding energies of the atoms constituting the titled compound and its XPS valence-band spectrum for both pristine and Ar+ ion-bombarded surfaces. Further, total and partial densities of states of constituent atoms of K2Ba(NO3)4 have been calculated. The calculations reveal that the O 2p states dominate in the total valence-band region of K2Ba(NO3)4 except of its bottom, where K 3p and Ba 5p states are the principal contributors, while the bottom of the conduction band is composed mainly of the unoccupied O 2p states, with somewhat smaller contributions of the N 2p∗ states as well. With respect to the occupation of the valence band by the O 2p states, the present band-structure calculations are confirmed by comparison on a common energy scale of the XPS valence-band spectrum and the X-ray emission O Kα band for the K2Ba(NO3)4 crystal under study. Furthermore, the present calculations indicate that the K2Ba(NO3)4 compound is a direct-gap material.

Antitumor effects of vitamins K1, K2 and K3 on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Hitomi, Misuzu; Yokoyama, Fumi; Kita, Yuko; Nonomura, Takako; Masaki, Tsutomu; Yoshiji, Hitoshi; Inoue, Hideyuki; Kinekawa, Fumihiko; Kurokohchi, Kazutaka; Uchida, Naohito; Watanabe, Seishiro; Kuriyama, Shigeki

2005-03-01

A number of studies have shown that various K vitamins, specifically vitamins K2 and K3, possess antitumor activity on various types of rodent- and human-derived neoplastic cell lines. In the present study, we examined the antitumor effects of vitamins K1, K2 and K3 on PLC/PRF/5 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we examined the mechanisms of antitumor actions of these vitamins in vitro and in vivo. Although vitamin K1 did not inhibit proliferation of PLC/PRF/5 cells at a 90-microM concentration (the highest tested), vitamins K2 and K3 suppressed proliferation of the cells at concentrations of 90 and 9 microM, respectively. By flow cytometric analysis, it was shown that not only vitamin K1, but also vitamin K2 did not induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest on PLC/PRF/5 cells. In contrast, vitamin K3 induced G1 arrest, but not apoptosis on PLC/PRF/5 cells. Subsequent in vivo study using subcutaneous HCC-bearing athymic nude mice demonstrated that both vitamins K2 and K3 markedly suppressed the growth of HCC tumors to similar extent. Protein expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), but not p16INK4a Cdk inhibitor in the tumor was significantly reduced by vitamin K2 or K3 treatment, indicating that vitamins K2 and K3 may induce G1 arrest of cell cycle on PLC/PRF/5 cells in vivo. Taken collectively, vitamins K2 and K3 were able to induce potent antitumor effects on HCC in vitro and in vivo, at least in part, by inducing G1 arrest of the cell cycle. The results indicate that vitamins K2 and K3 may be useful agents for the treatment of patients with HCC.

Theoretical and experimental study of NbO2 nanoslice formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Music, Denis; Geyer, Richard W

2015-01-01

We have used reactive magnetron sputtering to form NbO 2 nanoslices. These unique nanostructures with the dominating diffractions peaks related to low surface energy NbO 2 planes are self-assembled into two different populations: aligned and random nanoslices. To provide an explanation for the formation of these NbO 2 nanoslices with respect to competitive growth of nanorods, we employed density functional theory based molecular dynamics. (1 1 0) and (0 0 1) surfaces together with the related nanoslices and nanorods were considered, corresponding to low and high surface energy configurations, respectively. For the (1 1 0) configuration, nanoslices are more stable at all temperatures (0 K–900 K), which is consistent with experimental observations. On the other hand, for the (0 0 1) configuration nanorods are more stable at and above room temperature. We suggest that the texture modulation is the physical origin of NbO 2 nanostructure formation. (paper)

Enthalpy of Formation of N2H4 (Hydrazine) Revisited.

Science.gov (United States)

Feller, David; Bross, David H; Ruscic, Branko

2017-08-17

In order to address the accuracy of the long-standing experimental enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, fully confirmed in earlier versions of Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), the provenance of that value is re-examined in light of new high-end calculations of the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) variety. An overly optimistic determination of the vaporization enthalpy of hydrazine, which created an unrealistically strong connection between the gas phase thermochemistry and the calorimetric results defining the thermochemistry of liquid hydrazine, was identified as the probable culprit. The new enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, based on balancing all available knowledge, was determined to be 111.57 ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 0 K (97.42 ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 298.15 K). Close agreement was found between the ATcT (even excluding the latest theoretical result) and the FPD enthalpy.

Free radical formation in single crystals of 9-methyladenine X-irradiated at 10 K. An electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hole, E.O.; Sagstuen, E.; Nelson, W.H.

1995-01-01

Single crystals of 9-methyladenine were X-irradiated at 10 K and at 65 K and were studied using K-band EPR, ENDOR and field-swept ENDOR (FSE) techniques in the temperature range 10 K to 290 K. Three major radicals are stabilized in 9-methyladenine at 10 K. These are: MA1, the adenine anion, probably protonated at N3; MA2, the species formed by net hydrogen abstraction from the 9-methyl group; and MA3, the radical formed by net hydrogen addition to C8 of the adenine moiety. Radical MA1 decayed at about 80 K, possibly into the C2 H adduct (MA4). The other two species (MA2, MA3) were stable at room temperature. A fifth radical species was clearly present in the EPR spectra at 10 K but was not detectable by ENDOR. This species, which decayed above 200 K (possibly into MA3), remains unidentified. The radical population at room temperature is as described by previous authors. The mechanisms for radical formation in 9-methyladenine are discussed in light of the hydrogen bonding scheme and molecular stacking interactions. 32 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs

Formation of monochloropropane-1,2-diol and its esters in biscuits during baking.

Science.gov (United States)

Mogol, Burçe Ataç; Pye, Céline; Anderson, Warwick; Crews, Colin; Gökmen, Vural

2014-07-23

The formation of free monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD and 2-MCPD) and its esters (bound-MCPD) was investigated in biscuits baked with various time and temperature combinations. The effect of salt as a source of chloride on the formation of these processing contaminants was also determined. Kinetic examination of the data indicated that an increasing baking temperature led to an increase in the reaction rate constants for 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, and bound-MCPD. The activation energies of formation of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD were found to be 29 kJ mol(-1). Eliminating salt from the recipe decreased 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD formation rate constants in biscuits by 57.5 and 85.4%, respectively. In addition, there was no formation of bound-MCPD in biscuits during baking without salt. Therefore, lowering the thermal load or limiting the chloride concentration should be considered a means of reducing or eliminating the formation of these contaminants in biscuits. Different refined oils were also used in the recipe to test their effect on the occurrence of free MCPD and its esters in biscuits. Besides the baking process, the results also confirmed the role of refined oil in the final concentration of these contaminants in biscuits.

K2 & Solar System Science

Science.gov (United States)

Lissauer, Jack

2015-01-01

All of the fields that K2 observes are near the ecliptic plane in order to minimize the spin-up of the spacecraft in response to the effects of solar irradiation. The fields observed by K2 are thus rich in Solar System objects including planets, asteroids and trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). K2 has already performed observations of Neptune and its large moon Triton, 68 Trojan and Hilda asteroids, 5 TNOs (including Pluto) and Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Springs). About 10,000 main-belt asteroids that fell into the pixel masks of stars have been serendipitously observed. Observations of small bodies are especially useful for determining rotation periods. Uranus will be observed in a future campaign (C8), as will many more small Solar System bodies. The status of various K2 Solar System studies will be reviewed and placed within the context of our current knowledge of the objects being observed.

Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Damage of Blood Vessels by Glucocorticoid: a Potential Mechanism for Its Protective Effects in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yuelei; Yin, Junhui; Ding, Hao; Zhang, Changqing; Gao, You-Shui

2016-01-01

Glucocorticoid has been reported to decrease blood vessel number and harm the blood supply in the femoral head, which is recognized to be an important mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). To prevent glucocorticoid-induced ONFH, medication that promotes both bone formation and angiogenesis would be ideal. Vitamin K2 has been revealed to play an important role in bone metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the effect of Vitamin K2 on new vascular formation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether Vitamin K2 promoted new blood vessel formation in the presence of glucocorticoids, both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of Vitamin K2 on viability, migration, in vitro tube formation, and VEGF, vWF, CD31, KDR, Flt and PDGFB in EAhy926 incubated with or without dexamethasone were elucidated. VEGF, TGF-β and BMP-2, angiogenesis-related proteins secreted by osteoblasts, were also detected in the osteoblast-like cell line of MG63. In addition, blood vessels of the femoral head in rats administered with or without methylprednisolone and Vitamin K2 were evaluated using angiography and CD31 staining. In vitro studies showed that Vitamin K2 significantly protected endothelial cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, promoted endothelial cell migration and in vitro tube formation. Angiogenesis-related proteins both in EAhy926 and MG63 were also upregulated by Vitamin K2 when cotreated with dexamethasone. In vivo studies showed enhanced blood vessel volume and CD31-positive staining cells in rats cotreated with VK2 and methylprednisolone compared to rats treated with methylprednisolone only. Collectively, Vitamin K2 has the ability to promote angiogenesis in vitro and to ameliorate vessels of the femoral head in glucocorticoid-treated rats in vivo, indicating that Vitamin K2 is a promising drug that may be used to prevent steroid-induced ONFH.

Ionothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Studies of Novel Two-Dimensional Metal-Formate Frameworks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calderone, P.; Feygenson, M.; Forster, P.M.; Borkowski, L.A.; Teat, S.J.; Aronson, M.C.; Parise, J.B.

2011-01-01

Five novel two-dimensional frameworks containing formate-bridged metal-centered octahedra are synthesized ionothermally from two ionic liquids previously unused as solvents in hybrid synthesis, 2-hydroxyethylammonium (HEA) formate, and 1-hydroxy-3-proplyammonium (HPA) formate. Templating effects of the cation from each ionic liquid drive the formation of different structures. [NH 3 C 2 H 4 OH] 2 [M(CHO 2 ) 4 ] (1: M = Co, 2: M = Ni) exhibit the same stoichiometry and connectivity as their manganese analogue (3: M = Mn), but the manganese form exhibits a different topology from 1 and 2. [NH 3 C 3 H6OH][M(CHO 2 ) 3 (H 2 O)] (4: M = Co, 5: M = Mn) were synthesized using the HPA formate ionic liquid with a metal-formate connectivity related to those of 1-3. Canted antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at low temperatures (1: T N = 7.0 K, 2: T N = 4.6 K, 3: T N = 8.0 K, 4: T N = 7.0 K, 5: T N = 9.2 K), similar to the magnetic properties previously reported for other metal-formate hybrid materials.

Formation and relaxation processes of photoinduced defects in a Ge-doped SiO2 glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaguchi, M.; Saito, K.; Ikushima, A.J.

2002-01-01

The defect centers induced by ArF laser irradiation in Ge-doped SiO 2 have been investigated by the electron-spin resonance method. In order to observe formation and relaxation processes of the defects, step annealing has been carried out after the irradiation at 77 K. The thermally induced decay of the self-trapped hole (STH) and formation of the so-called Ge(2) centers have been observed with increasing temperature. The result suggests that the holes are transferred from the STH to the Ge(2)

2- to 3-kHz continuum emissions as possible indications of global heliospheric 'breathing'

Science.gov (United States)

Grzedzielski, S.; Lazarus, A. J.

1993-01-01

The paper analyzes the main features of 2- to 3-kHz heliospheric emissions in the context of a general heliospheric 'breathing' as inferred from the Voyager 2 solar wind average ram pressure data. Triggers for the three 3-kHz emission events seen to date are suggested, and good agreement is obtained in timing and expected postshock frequency for termination shock distances of about 90 AU. It is suggested that the visibility of the individual 3-kHz events and their observed upward frequency drift are enhanced when the postulated global heliospheric expansion results in the formation of a transient, compressed external plasma barrier around the heliopause that prevents radiation escape for several months. The average termination shock distance is estimated to be in the range 80-90 AU.

Fostering Positive Deaf Identity Development in a K-2 Deaf Classroom /

OpenAIRE

Hipskind, Courtney

2014-01-01

All Deaf children deserve to have opportunities to openly explore, examine, and affirm their own Deaf identities at school, yet there is a shortage of curricula and resources dedicated to this basic need. The aim of this thesis is to provide Deaf children with such opportunities. The curriculum within- Fostering Deaf Identity Development in a K-2 Deaf Classroom- consists of two units that address positive Deaf identity formation. The first unit focuses on the characterization and affirmation ...

Topotactic dehydration of the lamellar oxide HK2Ti5NbO14 x H2O: the oxide K4Ti10Nb2O27

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grandin, A.; Borel, M.M.; Hervieu, M.; Raveau, B.

1987-01-01

The lamellar oxide HK 2 Ti 5 NbO 14 x H 2 O can be topotactically dehydrated to K 4 Ti 10 Nb 2 O 27 . Electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction studies of this phase lead to a monoclinic cell with the parameters a = 17.005, b = 3.78, c = 9.01 A and β 92.14 0 . Diffusion streaks on the electron diffraction patterns indicate disorder whereas the existence of two sets of lattices on the same crystal give evidence of the topotactic character of the reaction. A structural model is proposed for K 4 Ti 10 Nb 2 O 27 , which corresponds to the intergrowth of K 3 TiNbO 14 layers with the K 2 Ti 6 O 13 tunnel structure. The possibility of formation of various intergrowths such as (KTi 5 NbO 13 )/sub n/ (HK 2 Ti 5 NbO 14 )/sub n/' is suggested

Radioprotective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide in golden hamster embryo cells exposed to gamma rays at 77 K. I. Radical formation as studied by electron spin resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyazaki, T.; Hayakawa, Y.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, M.; Watanabe, M.

1990-01-01

Formation of free radicals in golden hamster embryo (GHE) cells in the frozen living state by gamma irradiation has been studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy at 4.2 and 77 K. The relative yields of H atoms, OH radicals, and organic radicals trapped in the irradiated GHE cells are 12, 72, and 16%, respectively, of total radical yields. When dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is added to GHE cells at 77 K, a large quantity of CH2SOCH3 radicals (DMSO radicals) are formed after gamma irradiation. The yields of OH radicals are not affected by the addition of DMSO. When the GHE cell-DMSO mixtures are irradiated with gamma rays at 77 K and then warmed to 111 K, the OH radicals decay, whereas the DMSO radicals do not increase complementarily. Moreover, the decay rates of the OH radicals at 111 K do not depend upon the concentration of DMSO. Thus OH radicals do not react with DMSO during warming of the irradiated sample. When H atoms are produced by gamma irradiation of acid ice at 60 K, the decay rates of the H atoms at 77 K increase with increasing DMSO concentration, indicating that DMSO reacts with H atoms (CH3SOCH3 + H----.CH2SOCH3 + H2) at 77 K by quantum-mechanical tunneling. When the GHE cell-DMSO mixture is irradiated with gamma rays at 77 or 4.2 K in the dark, DMSO ions are produced in addition to DMSO radicals. Therefore it is concluded that DMSO does not scavenge OH radicals, but does capture H atoms, holes and/or electrons in the gamma-irradiated cells, resulting in the remarkable formation of DMSO radicals. This scavenger effect of DMSO may be related to the radioprotection of DMSO against cell killing

Atomic-Scale View on the H₂O Formation Reaction from H₂ on O-Rich RuO₂(110)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wei, Yinying; Martinez, Umberto; Lammich, Lutz

2014-01-01

The H2O formation reaction from H-2 on O-rich RuO2(110) was studied by temperature-programmed desorption and reaction (TPD/TPR) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On the one hand, following H-2 adsorption at 270 K, our TPD/TPR me...

Star clusters and K2

Science.gov (United States)

Dotson, Jessie; Barentsen, Geert; Cody, Ann Marie

2018-01-01

The K2 survey has expanded the Kepler legacy by using the repurposed spacecraft to observe over 20 star clusters. The sample includes open and globular clusters at all ages, including very young (1-10 Myr, e.g. Taurus, Upper Sco, NGC 6530), moderately young (0.1-1 Gyr, e.g. M35, M44, Pleiades, Hyades), middle-aged (e.g. M67, Ruprecht 147, NGC 2158), and old globular clusters (e.g. M9, M19, Terzan 5). K2 observations of stellar clusters are exploring the rotation period-mass relationship to significantly lower masses than was previously possible, shedding light on the angular momentum budget and its dependence on mass and circumstellar disk properties, and illuminating the role of multiplicity in stellar angular momentum. Exoplanets discovered by K2 in stellar clusters provides planetary systems ripe for modeling given the extensive information available about their ages and environment. I will review the star clusters sampled by K2 across 16 fields so far, highlighting several characteristics, caveats, and unexplored uses of the public data set along the way. With fuel expected to run out in 2018, I will discuss the closing Campaigns, highlight the final target selection opportunities, and explain the data archive and TESS-compatible software tools the K2 mission intends to leave behind for posterity.

Energetics of the interaction of the antitumour agent titanocene dichloride with glycine: enthalpy of formation of [Ti(η5-C5H5)2(OOCCH2NH3)2]Cl2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nunes, Paulo M.; Minas da Piedade, Manuel E.

2004-01-01

The standard molar enthalpy of formation of [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 (OOCCH 2 NH 3 ) 2 ]Cl 2 in the crystalline state, at T=298.15 K, was determined as Δ f H m 0 {[Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 (OOCCH 2 NH 3 ) 2 ]Cl 2 , cr}=-(1447.6 ± 8.1) kJ · mol -1 , by reaction-solution calorimetry. A discussion of the energetics of the direct interaction of the antitumour agent Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Cl 2 with glycine is also presented

Y2K Resources for Public Libraries.

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, Janet

1999-01-01

Presents information for public libraries on computer-related vulnerabilities as the century turns from 1999 to 2000. Highlights include: general Y2K information; the Y2K Bug and PCs; Y2K sites for librarians; Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) and USMARC; technological developments in cyberspace; and a list of Web sites and Y2K resources. (AEF)

Theoretical investigation of the Omega(g,u)(+/-) states of K2 dissociating adiabatically up to K(4p 2P(3/2)) + K(4p 2P(3/2)).

Science.gov (United States)

Jraij, A; Allouche, A R; Magnier, S; Aubert-Frécon, M

2009-06-28

A theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the K(2) molecule, including spin-orbit effects, has been performed. Potential energies have been calculated over a large range of R up to 75a(0) for the 88 Omega(g,u)(+/-) states dissociating adiabatically into the limits up to K(4p (2)P(3/2))+K(4p (2)P(3/2)). Equilibrium distances, transition energies, harmonic frequencies, as well as depths for wells and heights for barriers are reported for all of the bound Omega(g,u)(+/-) states. Present ab initio calculations are shown to be able to reproduce quite accurately the small structures (wells and barrier) displayed at very long-range (R>50a(0)) by the (2,3)1(u) and (2)0(g)(-) purely long-range states. As the present data could help experimentalists, we make available extensive tables of energy values versus internuclear distances in our database at the web address http://www-lasim.univ-lyon1.fr/spip.php?rubrique99.

Formation of Co2P in the combustion regime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muchaik, S.V.; Dubrov, A.N.; Lynchak, K.A.

1983-01-01

Combustion of the system Co-P produces the compounds Co 2 P, CoP and CoP 3 , the first two being producible in the combustion regime, while for synthesis of stoichiometric Co 2 P at normal argon pressure, an original mixture with a certain excess of phosphorus is required. The present experiments were performed with electrolytic cobalt powder and red phosphorus. As the Co-P mixture is diluted by the final product (Co 2 P) there is a decrease in combustion temperature and rate, unaccompanied by any of the anomalies seen with dilution by cobalt. It can be suggested that although the combustion in the Co-P system and, possibly, i-- other phosphide systems, is not gasless in its kinetic aspects the combustion mechanism is similar to that in gasless systems. It is shown that formation of the phosphide Co=3''P and specimens wyth composition Co-Co 2 P in the combustion regime occurs with participation of a lIqui] phase of eutectic composition. Combustion occurs in a self-oscillating regime. The temperature for Co 2 P formation is close to its melting point, and the process activation energy comprises 205 kJ/mole

Formation of H{sub 2} from internally heated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Excitation energy dependence

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, T., E-mail: tao.chen@fysik.su.se, E-mail: henning@fysik.su.se; Gatchell, M.; Stockett, M. H.; Schmidt, H. T.; Cederquist, H.; Zettergren, H., E-mail: tao.chen@fysik.su.se, E-mail: henning@fysik.su.se [Department of Physics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Delaunay, R.; Rousseau, P.; Adoui, L. [CIMAP, UMR 6252, CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen cedex 05 (France); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, F-14032 Caen (France); Domaracka, A.; Huber, B. A. [CIMAP, UMR 6252, CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen cedex 05 (France); Micelotta, E. R. [Université Paris Sud, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, UMR 8617, 91405 Orsay (France); Tielens, A. G. G. M. [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands)

2015-04-14

We have investigated the effectiveness of molecular hydrogen (H{sub 2}) formation from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are internally heated by collisions with keV ions. The present and earlier experimental results are analyzed in view of molecular structure calculations and a simple collision model. We estimate that H{sub 2} formation becomes important for internal PAH temperatures exceeding about 2200 K, regardless of the PAH size and the excitation agent. This suggests that keV ions may effectively induce such reactions, while they are unlikely due to, e.g., absorption of single photons with energies below the Lyman limit. The present analysis also suggests that H{sub 2} emission is correlated with multi-fragmentation processes, which means that the [PAH-2H]{sup +} peak intensities in the mass spectra may not be used for estimating H{sub 2}-formation rates.

Phase and morphology evolution of (Na1-xKxNbO3 powders related to calcinations and K2CO3 content

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steven J. Milne

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Sodium-potassium niobate ((Na1-xKxNbO3 powders with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 were prepared following the conventional mixed oxide method and characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and SEM techniques.The effects of calcination temperature, dwell time and K2CO3 content on phase formation behavior and morphology of the powders were investigated. The calcination temperature and dwell time were found tohave a pronounced effect on the phase formation of the calcined sodium-potassium niobate powders. It was found that the crystallized phase depended on calcination conditions. The high calcination temperature andlong dwell time clearly favored particle growth and the formation of large and hard agglomerates. All the (Na1-xKxNbO3 powders showed a similar orthorhombic phase structure. The K2CO3 content significantlyaffected the calcination temperature and particle size and shape. Large particle size, cubic shape and a lower calcined condition were observed in (Na1-xKxNbO3 powder with low K2CO3 content (x = 0.2.

Investigating the activity of quinine analogues versus chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

Science.gov (United States)

Dinio, Theresa; Gorka, Alexander P; McGinniss, Andrew; Roepe, Paul D; Morgan, Jeremy B

2012-05-15

Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malarial parasite species, has developed resistance against nearly all man-made antimalarial drugs within the past century. However, quinine (QN), the first antimalarial drug, remains efficacious worldwide. Some chloroquine resistant (CQR) P. falciparum strains or isolates show mild cross resistance to QN, but many do not. Further optimization of QN may provide a well-tolerated therapy with improved activity versus CQR malaria. Thus, using the Heck reaction, we have pursued a structure-activity relationship study, including vinyl group modifications of QN. Certain derivatives show good antiplasmodial activity in QN-resistant and QN-sensitive strains, with lower IC(50) values relative to QN. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Systems Li2B4O7 (Na2B4O7, K2B4O7)-N2H3H4OH-H2O at 25 deg C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skvortsov, V.G.; Sadetdinov, Sh.V.; Akimov, V.M.; Mitrasov, Yu.N.; Petrova, O.V.; Klopov, Yu.N.

1994-01-01

Phase equilibriums in the Li 2 B 4 O 7 (Na 2 B 4 O 7 , K 2 B 4 O 7 )-N 2 H 3 H 4 OH-H 2 O systems were investigated by methods of isothermal solubility, refractometry and PH-metry at 25 deg C for the first time. Lithium and sodium tetraborates was established to form phases of changed composition mM 2 B 4 O 7 ·nN 2 H 3 C 2 H 4 OH·XH 2 O, where M=Li, Na with hydrazine ethanol. K 2 B 4 O 7 ·4H 2 O precipitates in solid phase in the case of potassium salt. Formation of isomorphous mixtures was supported by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy methods

submitter Thermodynamics of the formation of sulfuric acid dimers in the binary (H2SO4–H2O) and ternary (H2SO4–H2O–NH3) system

CERN Document Server

Kürten, A; Rondo, L; Bianchi, F; Duplissy, J; Jokinen, T; Junninen, H; Sarnela, N; Schobesberger, S; Simon, M; Sipilä, M; Almeida, J; Amorim, A; Dommen, J; Donahue, N M; Dunne, E M; Flagan, R C; Franchin, A; Kirkby, J; Kupc, A; Makhmutov, V; Petäjä, T; Praplan, A P; Riccobono, F; Steiner, G; Tomé, A; Tsagkogeorgas, G; Wagner, P E; Wimmer, D; Baltensperger, U; Kulmala, M; Worsnop, D R; Curtius, J

2015-01-01

Sulfuric acid is an important gas influencing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). Both the binary $(H_2SO_4–H_2O)$ system and the ternary system involving ammonia $(H_2SO_4–H_2O–NH_3)$ may be important in the free troposphere. An essential step in the nucleation of aerosol particles from gas-phase precursors is the formation of a dimer, so an understanding of the thermodynamics of dimer formation over a wide range of atmospheric conditions is essential to describe NPF. We have used the CLOUD chamber to conduct nucleation experiments for these systems at temperatures from 208 to 248 K. Neutral monomer and dimer concentrations of sulfuric acid were measured using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). From these measurements, dimer evaporation rates in the binary system were derived for temperatures of 208 and 223 K. We compare these results to literature data from a previous study that was conducted at higher temperatures but is in good agreement with the present study. For the ternary sys...

First identification and thermodynamic characterization of the ternary U(VI) species, UO2(O2)(CO3)2(4-), in UO2-H2O2-K2CO3 solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Goff, George S; Brodnax, Lia F; Cisneros, Michael R; Peper, Shane M; Field, Stephanie E; Scott, Brian L; Runde, Wolfgang H

2008-03-17

In alkaline carbonate solutions, hydrogen peroxide can selectively replace one of the carbonate ligands in UO2(CO3)3(4-) to form the ternary mixed U(VI) peroxo-carbonato species UO2(O2)(CO3)2(4-). Orange rectangular plates of K4[UO2(CO3)2(O2)].H2O were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Crystallographic data: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/ n, a = 6.9670(14) A, b = 9.2158(10) A, c = 18.052(4) A, Z = 4. Spectrophotometric titrations with H 2O 2 were performed in 0.5 M K 2CO 3, with UO2(O2)(CO3)2(4-) concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.55 mM. The molar absorptivities (M(-1) cm(-1)) for UO2(CO3)3(4-) and UO2(O2)(CO3)2(4-) were determined to be 23.3 +/- 0.3 at 448.5 nm and 1022.7 +/- 19.0 at 347.5 nm, respectively. Stoichiometric analyses coupled with spectroscopic comparisons between solution and solid state indicate that the stable solution species is UO2(O2)(CO3)2(4-), which has an apparent formation constant of log K' = 4.70 +/- 0.02 relative to the tris-carbonato complex.

Keratins K2 and K10 are essential for the epidermal integrity of plantar skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, Heinz; Langbein, Lutz; Reichelt, Julia; Buchberger, Maria; Tschachler, Erwin; Eckhart, Leopold

2016-01-01

K1 and K2 are the main type II keratins in the suprabasal epidermis where each of them heterodimerizes with the type I keratin K10 to form intermediate filaments. In regions of the ears, tail, and soles of the mouse, only K2 is co-expressed with K10, suggesting that these keratins suffice to form a mechanically resilient cytoskeleton. To determine the effects of the suppression of both main keratins, K2 and K10, in the suprabasal plantar epidermis of the mouse. Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice were generated by crossing Krt2(-/-) and Krt10(-/-) mice. Epidermal morphology of soles of hind-paws was examined macroscopically and histologically. Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to analyze the expression of keratins in sole skin of wildtype and Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice. Highly abundant proteins of the sole stratum corneum were determined by electrophoretic and chromatographic separation and subsequent mass spectrometry. K2 and K10 are the most prominent suprabasal keratins in normal mouse soles with the exception of the footpads where K1, K9 and K10 predominate. Mice lacking both K2 and K10 were viable and developed epidermal acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in inter-footpad epidermis of the soles. The expression of keratins K1, K9 and K16 was massively increased at the RNA and protein levels in the soles of Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice. This study demonstrates that the loss of the main cytoskeletal components of plantar epidermis, i.e. K2 and K10, can be only partly compensated by the upregulation of other keratins. The thickening of the epidermis in the soles of Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice may serve as a model for pathomechanistic aspects of palmoplantar keratoderma. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Gravitational clustering of gaussian density fluctuations: The origin of hierarchy correlations, voids and QN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kashlinsky, A.

1990-01-01

We present here a theory of gravitational clustering based only on: i) The assumption that the primordial density fluctuations (PDF) were Gaussian; and ii) identifying galaxies, and groups and clusters of galaxies with regions of PDF whose turn-around time was less than the age of Universe. It is shown that 1) properties of the hierarchy thus produced depend uniquely on the power spectrum P(k) of PDF; 2) the resultant distribution of galaxies and groups and clusters is non-Gaussian; 3) two-point and higher order correlations depend in a complicated, but unique for a given P(k), way on the mass-scales of groups and clusters and, hence, can be used to constrain P(k) on scales from 1 to (50-100) h -1 Mpc on the basis of the available data; 4) expressions for the dimensionless correlation amplitudes Q N can then be computed for the hierarchy - again they depend uniquely on the mass and P(k); 5) statistics of voids in the distribution of galaxies and clusters of various richness/mass can then be used to constrain P(k). We show that the available data on correlation functions and voids are in better agreement with the n=-1 spectrum than with spectra having n>0 on large scales such as cold-dark-matter models. (orig.)

Absence of micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells cultivated in platelet lysate enriched medium.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernardi, Martina; Adami, Valentina; Albiero, Elena; Madeo, Domenico; Rodeghiero, Francesco; Astori, Giuseppe

2014-03-01

Human platelet lysate (PL) represents an effective substitute of fetal bovine serum (FBS) for mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cultivation. Compared to FBS, PL favors MSC proliferation significantly shortening the population doubling time and avoiding the risks related to the use of animal derivatives. Growth factors contained in the platelets are released upon platelet disruption following freezing/thawing cycles or as we have recently described by using ultrasound. We have investigated whether the increased cell proliferation achieved by using PL could induce mitotic stress and whether the potential formation of free radicals during PL production by ultrasound could cause chromosomal instability in mammalian cells. We have applied an image analysis assisted high content screening (HCS) in vitro micronucleus assay in the Chinese Hamster Ovarian K1 (CHO-K1) rodent mammalian cell line. PL was produced by sonication; for the micronucleus assay, CHO-K1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of PL. Cytokinesis was blocked by cytochalasin B, nuclei were stained with bisbenzimide and images were acquired and analyzed automatically using an HCS system, both with a 20× and a 10× objective. Our results suggest that growth stimulus induced by the use of PL did not significantly increase micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells compared to negative control. Micronucleus testing in conjunction with HCS could represent a valid tool to evaluate the safety of ancillary materials used in the production of cell-based medicinal products. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

DNase I and proteinase K impair Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation and induce dispersal of pre-existing biofilms.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Uyen T; Burrows, Lori L

2014-09-18

Current sanitation methods in the food industry are not always sufficient for prevention or dispersal of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Here, we determined if prevention of adherence or dispersal of existing biofilms could occur if biofilm matrix components were disrupted enzymatically. Addition of DNase during biofilm formation reduced attachment (biofilms with 100μg/ml of DNase for 24h induced incomplete biofilm dispersal, with biofilm remaining compared to control. In contrast, addition of proteinase K completely inhibited biofilm formation, and 72h biofilms-including those grown under stimulatory conditions-were completely dispersed with 100μg/ml proteinase K. Generally-regarded-as-safe proteases bromelain and papain were less effective dispersants than proteinase K. In a time course assay, complete dispersal of L. monocytogenes biofilms from both polystyrene and type 304H food-grade stainless steel occurred within 5min at proteinase K concentrations above 25μg/ml. These data confirm that both DNA and proteins are required for L. monocytogenes biofilm development and maintenance, and that these components of the biofilm matrix can be targeted for effective prevention and removal of biofilms. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low-temperature heat capacity and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of compound chromium(III) tri(pyrazine-2-carboxylate)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, Shengli; Zhang, Sheng; Chen, Sanping; Yang, Desuo

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Low-temperature heat capacities of chromium(III) tri(pyrazine-2-carboxylate) were measured from 78 to 400 K. ► Thermodynamic functions of the compound at 298.15 K were calculated based on low-temperature heat capacity. ► The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the target was determined to be −1207.86 ± 3.39 kJ mol −1 through a designed thermochemical cycle. - Abstract: Low-temperature heat capacities of the coordination compound, chromium(III) tri(pyrazine-2-carboxylate), formulated as Cr(pyza) 3 (pyza = pyrazine-2-carboxylate), were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range of 78–400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial equation, the fitted heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated at the interval of 5 K. In accordance with a reasonable thermochemical cycle designed, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the title complex was determined to be −1207.86 ± 3.39 kJ mol −1 by an isoperibol solution–reaction calorimeter.

Implications of the formation of small polarons in Li2O2 for Li-air batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Joongoo; Jung, Yoon Seok; Wei, Su-Huai; Dillon, Anne C.

2012-01-01

Lithium-air batteries (LABs) are an intriguing next-generation technology due to their high theoretical energy density of ˜11 kWh/kg. However, LABs are hindered by both poor rate capability and significant polarization in cell voltage, primarily due to the formation of Li2O2 in the air cathode. Here, by employing hybrid density functional theory, we show that the formation of small polarons in Li2O2 limits electron transport. Consequently, the low electron mobility μ = 10-10-10-9 cm2/V s contributes to both the poor rate capability and the polarization that limit the LAB power and energy densities. The self-trapping of electrons in the small polarons arises from the molecular nature of the conduction band states of Li2O2 and the strong spin polarization of the O 2p state. Our understanding of the polaronic electron transport in Li2O2 suggests that designing alternative carrier conduction paths for the cathode reaction could significantly improve the performance of LABs at high current densities.

How Sodium Chloride Salt Inhibits the Formation of CO2 Gas Hydrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Holzammer, Christine; Finckenstein, Agnes; Will, Stefan; Braeuer, Andreas S

2016-03-10

We present an experimental Raman study on how the addition of sodium chloride to CO2-hydrate-forming systems inhibits the hydrate formation thermodynamically. For this purpose, the molar enthalpy of reaction and the molar entropy of reaction for the reaction of weakly hydrogen-bonded water molecules to strongly hydrogen bonded water molecules are determined for different salinities from the Raman spectrum of the water-stretching vibration. Simultaneously, the influence of the salinity on the solubility of CO2 in the liquid water-rich phase right before the start of hydrate formation is analyzed. The results demonstrate that various mechanisms contribute to the inhibition of gas hydrate formation. For the highest salt concentration of 20 wt % investigated, the temperature of gas hydrate formation is lowered by 12 K. For this concentration the molar enthalpy and entropy of reaction become smaller by 50 and 20%, respectively. Concurrently, the solubility of carbon dioxide is reduced by 70%. These results are compared with data in literature for systems of sodium chloride in water (without carbon dioxide).

Moessbauer study on the formation process of Fe-K composition in iron-based catalyst for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Keyu; Zhao Zhenjie; Yang Xielong

2001-01-01

Fe-K spinel structure is the predecessor of active phase of potassium promoted iron-based catalyst for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Moessbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the formation process of Fe-K spinel structure which depends on the catalyst composition and preparing condition. The results may prove useful for production of industrial catalyst

Synthetic marijuana "K2" induced ITP.

Science.gov (United States)

Öztürk, Erman; Oral, Alihan; Özdemir, Melek; Bambul, Nail

2015-01-01

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogeneous disease which can be primary or secondary due to other conditions such as drugs. CB2 receptors (CB2R) also have a role in the ITP pathogenesis as CB2 receptor gene (CNR2) polymorphisms are associated with chronic immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune diseases. K2 is synthetic marijuana which acts on cannabinoid receptors that are found on immune cells and thrombocytes. Here, we present a case who presented with ITP secondary to K2 usage and was successfully treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone. This is the first ITP case in the literature due to K2. It is important in the era of the new drugs development of the CB2R mimetics.

The histone H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathways regulate normalnucleolar and repeated DNA organization by inhibiting formation ofextrachromosomal DNAs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Jamy C.; Karpen, Gary H.

2006-06-15

In order to identify regulators of nuclear organization, Drosophila mutants in the Su(var)3-9 histone H3K9 methyltransferase, RNAi pathway components, and other regulators of heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing were examined for altered nucleoli and positioning of repeated DNAs. Animals lacking components of the H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathways contained disorganized nucleoli, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and satellite DNAs. The levels of H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) in chromatin associated with repeated DNAs decreased dramatically in Su(var)3-9 and dcr-2 (dicer-2) mutant tissues compared to wild type. We also observed a substantial increase in extrachromosomal repeated DNAs in mutant tissues. The disorganized nucleolus phenotype depends on the presence of Ligase 4 (Lig4), and ecc DNA formation is not induced by removal of cohesin. We conclude that H3K9 methylation of rDNA and satellites, maintained by Su(var)3-9, HP1, and the RNAi pathway, is necessary for the structural stability of repeated DNAs, which is mediated through suppression of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). These results suggest a mechanism for how local chromatin structure can regulate genome stability, and the organization of chromosomal elements and nuclear organelles.

Formation of 1,2-diaminomaleodinitrile crystals in radiolyzed solid hydrocyanic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mozhaev, P.S.; Kichigina, G.A.; Aliev, Z.G.; Kiryukhin, D.P.; Atovmyan, L.O.; Barkalov, I.M.

1994-01-01

Hydrocyanic molecules, HCN, are widely found in various extraterrestrial objects and have come to be regarded as the building blocks of chemical evolution, because they convert directly to more complex organic compounds, such as amino acids, nucleotides, and proteins. While observing the low-temperature conversion of radiolyzed solid HCN, the authors noted the formation of an amorphous polymer and the nucleation and growth of needle shaped crystals. The crystals were studied by X-ray diffraction methods and believed to be formed by 1,2-diaminomaleodinitrile, a tetramer of HCN, arising by recombination of aminocyanocarbene diradicals. Cobalt 60 was used as the radiation source, preirradiating with a 800 kGy dose a solid HCN sample at 77K

Characterization of Low-mass K2 planet hosts using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Martínez, Romy; Ballard, Sarah

2017-01-01

The raw number of discovered exoplanets now exceeds several thousand, but we must understand the stars if we aim to understand their planets in detail. Of particular interest are M dwarf stars, which are often favored for exoplanet study because (1) they host small planets in greatest abundance, (2) they make up about 70% of stars in our galaxy, and (3) the planets that orbit them that are comparatively easier to find and study than planets around larger stars. Our work aims to characterize the infrared spectra of 50 M dwarfs with new and unstudied transiting planets discovered by NASA’s K2 Mission. We employ empirical relations from the literature with magnesium, aluminum and sodium absorption lines in H and K band to determine the temperatures, radii and luminosities. In addition, we measure the deformation of the spectra in K band by water (another empirical metric for M dwarfs) which, in tandem with absorption features, is linked to [Fe/H] metallicity. We have found from a preliminary sample of 36 stars, that the temperatures range from 2,900 to 4,100 K, with radii between 0.2 R⊙ to 0.6R⊙ and log(L/L⊙) values from -3.4 to -0.5. The determination of all these properties improves our understanding of the planet’s properties, such as its size, mass, and surface temperature, and provides clues about the formation of the star and its planets.

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of 2-chloroquinoline, 4-chloroquinoline, 6-chloroquinoline and 4,7-dichloroquinoline by rotating-bomb calorimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Matos, Maria Agostinha R.; Amaral, Luisa M.P.F.

2006-01-01

The standard (p o =0.1MPa) molar enthalpies of combustion, Δ c H m - bar , for crystalline 2-, 4-, 6-chloroquinoline and 4,7-dichloroquinoline were determined at the temperature 298.15K using a rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, Δ cr g H m o , at T= 298.15K, were determined by Calvet microcalorimetry. The results were as follows: -Δ c H m o (cr)/(kJ.mol -1 )Δ cr g H m o /(kJ.mol -1 )2-Chloroquinoline4492.5+/-1.684.3+/-2.64-Chloroquinoline4508.4 +/ -1.678.6+/-1.76-Chloroquinoline4508.2+/-1.680.8+/-1.94,7-Dichloroquinoline 4353.3+/-1.389.5+/-2.3 These values were used to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds in their crystalline and gaseous phases, respectively. The derived standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the gaseous state, are analysed in terms of enthalpic increments and interpreted in terms of molecular structure

Path representation of su-hat (2){sub k} states I: Operators and particles for k=1,2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamy-Poirier, Joel, E-mail: jlamypoirier@perimeterinstitute.c [Departement de physique, de genie physique et d' optique, Universite Laval, Quebec, G1K 7P4 (Canada); Mathieu, Pierre, E-mail: pmathieu@phy.ulaval.c [Departement de physique, de genie physique et d' optique, Universite Laval, Quebec, G1K 7P4 (Canada)

2011-04-11

This is the first of two articles devoted to the analysis of the path description of the states in su-hat (2){sub k} WZW models, a representation well suited for constructive derivations of the fermionic characters. In this first article, the cases k=1,2 are treated in detail, emphasizing a different description in each case (operators vs particles). For k=1, we first prove, as a side result, the equivalence of two known path representations for the finitized su-hat (2){sub 1} states by displaying an explicit bijection. An immediate offshoot is the gain of a new and simple weighting for the (Kyoto) path representation that generalizes to level k. The bijection also suggests two operator constructions for the su-hat (2){sub 1} paths, a local and a nonlocal one, both interrelated. These are formal operators that map a path to another path, so that any path can be obtained by successive applications of these operators on a simple reference (ground-state) path. The nonlocal operator description is the starting point for a direct and elementary derivation of the su-hat (2){sub 1} spinon character. The second part presents an extensive study of the su-hat (2){sub 2} paths from their particle point of view, where the particles are defined as the path building blocks. The resulting generating functions appear to provide new (at least superficially) fermionic forms of the characters. In particular, a nice relationship between the sum of the j=0,1 characters at k=2 and the two ones at k=1 is unraveled.

K2 and M4: A Unique Opportunity to Unlock the Mysteries of Globular Clusters

Science.gov (United States)

Kuehn, Charles A.; Stello, Dennis; Campbell, Simon; Drury, Jason; de Silva, Gayandhi; Maclean, Ben; Bedding, Timothy R.; Huber, Daniel

2016-01-01

One of the most exciting opportunities presented by K2 is the ability to study variable stars in globular clusters (GCs). The K2 observations allow us to perform ensemble asteroseismology of a population that is much older than that in the open clusters in the original Kepler field. This should help us answer long-standing questions concerning mass loss on the red giant branch and the spread in masses along the horizontal branch. By combining the asteroseismic data with chemical tagging of sub-populations from spectroscopy, we hope to better constrain stellar evolution models and potentially shed some light on the formation history of GCs. The very crowded nature of stars in GCs poses a challenge, however, due to Kepler's large pixels. M4, observed during K2's campaign 2, presents an excellent opportunity to study GCs with a combination of K2 and ground-based data. M4 is one of the two nearest GCs and thus should appear less crowded and brighter; in fact M4 is likely the only GC whose horizontal branch stars, other than RR Lyraes, will be accessible with K2. We discuss our method of obtaining photometry for the stars in M4 and present sample lightcurves for different classes of oscillating stars in the cluster. We also discuss efforts to use ground-based observations to increase the utility of the K2 dataset.

Phase formations in the KOH-BaO2-KI(I2)-Bi2O3 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klinkova, L.A.; Barkovskij, N.V.; Nikolajchik, V.I.

2004-01-01

Phase composition of electrochemical synthesis products in the system KOH-BaO 2 -KI(I 2 )-Bi 2 O 3 and its influence on superconducting properties of bismuth-containing oxides are studied by the methods of X-ray phase and elementary analyses, electron diffraction in transmission electron microscope and by measuring temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility. It was been ascertained that in the presence of iodine introduced as KI or I 2 oxoiodides KBi 6 O 9 I and Bi 5 O 7 I are formed in the system above, giving rise to a change in the composition of synthesis products in KOH-BaO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 matrix system towards formation of superconducting oxides K n Ba m Bi m+n O y rich in bismuth, which are characterized by low values of superconducting transition point [ru

{sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of single-crystalline K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} and K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuchiya, Yuu, E-mail: tsuchiya.yuu1990@gmail.com; Ikeda, Shugo; Kobayashi, Hisao [University of Hyogo (Japan)

2016-12-15

We have investigated the physical properties of single-crystalline K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} and K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2} samples using {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The observed {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectra were reconstructed using a major antiferromagnetic ordered K{sub 2}Fe{sub 4}Se{sub 5} phase and a minor paramagnetic phase down to 5 K, despite being superconducting below 32.2 K in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2}. The analysis of {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectrum for K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} at 290 K confirms the presence of a major antiferromagnetic ordered K{sub 2}Fe{sub 4}S{sub 5} phase and a minor paramagnetic phase in the K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} single crystal. The derived hyperfine interaction parameters of the paramagnetic phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} suggest that the microstructure of this phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} is similar to that of the superconducting phase in K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}Se{sub 2} although the K{sub x}Fe{sub 2-y}S{sub 2} single crystals exhibit no superconductivity down to 5 K.

Resolving power test of 2-D K+ K+ interferometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padula, Sandra S.; Roldao, Christiane G.

1999-01-01

Adopting a procedure previously proposed to quantitatively study pion interferometry 1 , an equivalent 2-D X 2 analysis was performed to test the resolving power of that method when applied to less favorable conditions, when no significant contribution from long lived resonances is expected, as in kaon interferometry. For that purpose, use is made of the preliminary E859 K + K + interferometry data from Si+Au collisions at 14.6 A GeV/c. Less sensitivity is achieved in the present case, although it is shown that it is still possible to distinguish two distinct decoupling geometries. (author)

Planet Hunters 2 in the K2 Era

Science.gov (United States)

Schwamb, Megan E.; Fischer, Debra; Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Giguere, Matthew J.; Ishikawa, Sascha; Lintott, Chris; Lynn, Stuart; Schmitt, Joseph; Snyder, Chris; Wang, Ji; Barclay, Thomas

2015-01-01

Planet Hunters (http://www.planethunters.org) is an online citizen science project enlisting hundreds of thousands of people to search for planet transits in the publicly released Kepler data. Volunteers mark the locations of visible transits in a web interface, with multiple independent classifiers reviewing a randomly selected ~30-day light curve segment. In September 2014, Planet Hunters entered a new phase. The project was relaunched with a brand new online classification interface and discussion tool built using the Zooniverse's (http://www.zooniverse.org) latest technology and web platform. The website has been optimized for the rapid discovery and identification of planet candidates in the light curves from K2, the two-wheeled ecliptic plane Kepler mission. We will give an overview of the new Planet Hunters classification interface and Round 2 review system in context of the K2 data. We will present the first results from the Planet Hunters 2 search of K2 Campaigns 0 and 1 including a summary of new planet candidates.

Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence of K2 Mg(SO4 )2 :Eu and evaluation of its kinetic parameters.

Science.gov (United States)

Deshpande, Archana; Dhoble, N S; Gedam, S C; Dhoble, S J

2017-08-01

The K 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 :Eu phosphor, synthesized by a solid-state diffusion method, was studied for its photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the material was matched with the standard JCPDF No. 36-1499. For PL characteristics, K 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 :Eu 2 + showed an emission peak at 474 nm when excited at 340 nm, while it showed Eu 3 + emission at 580 nm, and 594 nm splitting at 613 nm and 618 nm for an excitation of 396 nm wavelength due to radiative transitions from 5 D 0 to 7 F j (j = 0, 1, 2, 3). The Commission International de I' Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were also calculated for the K 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 :Eu phosphor, and were close to the NTSC standard values. For the TL study, the prepared sample was irradiated using a 60 Co source of γ-irradiation at the dose rate of 0.322 kGy/h for 2 min. The formation of traps in K 2 Mg (SO 4 ) 2 :Eu and the effects of γ-radiation dose on the glow curve are discussed. Well defined broad glow peaks were obtained at 186°C. With increasing γ-ray dose, the sample showed linearity in intensity. The presence of a single glow peak indicated that there was only one set of traps being activated within the particular temperature range. The presented phosphors were also studied for their fading, reusability and trapping parameters. There was just 2% fading during a period of 30 days, indicating no serious fading problem. Kinetic parameters were calculated using the initial rise method and Chen's half-width method. Activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 0.77 eV and 1.41 × 10 6  sec -1 . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Non-canonical Voltage-Sensing Mechanism Controls Gating in K2P K(+) Channels.

Science.gov (United States)

Schewe, Marcus; Nematian-Ardestani, Ehsan; Sun, Han; Musinszki, Marianne; Cordeiro, Sönke; Bucci, Giovanna; de Groot, Bert L; Tucker, Stephen J; Rapedius, Markus; Baukrowitz, Thomas

2016-02-25

Two-pore domain (K2P) K(+) channels are major regulators of excitability that endow cells with an outwardly rectifying background "leak" conductance. In some K2P channels, strong voltage-dependent activation has been observed, but the mechanism remains unresolved because they lack a canonical voltage-sensing domain. Here, we show voltage-dependent gating is common to most K2P channels and that this voltage sensitivity originates from the movement of three to four ions into the high electric field of an inactive selectivity filter. Overall, this ion-flux gating mechanism generates a one-way "check valve" within the filter because outward movement of K(+) induces filter opening, whereas inward movement promotes inactivation. Furthermore, many physiological stimuli switch off this flux gating mode to convert K2P channels into a leak conductance. These findings provide insight into the functional plasticity of a K(+)-selective filter and also refine our understanding of K2P channels and the mechanisms by which ion channels can sense voltage. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Observation of the decay $\\overline{B_s^0} \\rightarrow \\chi_{c2} K^+ K^- $

CERN Document Server

Aaij, R.; LHCb Collaboration; Adinolfi, M.; Aidala, C.A.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albicocco, P.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Albero, A. Alfonso; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A.A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J.E.; Appleby, R.B.; Archilli, F.; d'Argent, P.; Arnau Romeu, J.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Arzymatov, K.; Aslanides, E.; Atzeni, M.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J.J.; Baker, S.; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Baranov, A.; Barlow, R.J.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Baryshnikov, F.; Batozskaya, V.; Batsukh, B.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Beiter, A.; Bel, L.J.; Beliy, N.; Bellee, V.; Belloli, N.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Beranek, S.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Berninghoff, D.; Bertholet, E.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bettler, M.O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bhasin, S.; Bhom, J.; Bian, L.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Birnkraut, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørn, M.; Blago, M.P.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blusk, S.; Bobulska, D.; Bocci, V.; Garcia, O. Boente; Boettcher, T.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Bossu, F.; Boubdir, M.; Bowcock, T.J.V.; Bozzi, C.; Braun, S.; Brodski, M.; Brodzicka, J.; Brundu, D.; Buchanan, E.; Buonaura, A.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Buytaert, J.; Byczynski, W.; Cadeddu, S.; Cai, H.; Calabrese, R.; Calladine, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Perez, D.H. Campora; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carniti, P.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cavallero, G.; Cenci, R.; Chamont, D.; Chapman, M.G.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Chefdeville, M.; Chekalina, V.; Chen, C.; Chen, S.; Chitic, S.G.; Chobanova, V.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Chubykin, A.; Ciambrone, P.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P.E.L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H.V.; Closier, J.; Coco, V.; Coelho, J.A.B.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Colombo, T.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Coombs, G.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Costa Sobral, C.M.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G.A.; Craik, D.C.; Crocombe, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Da Silva, C.L.; Dall'Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; Danilina, A.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J.M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, P.; Dean, C.T.; Decamp, D.; Del Buono, L.; Delaney, B.; Dembinski, H.P.; Demmer, M.; Dendek, A.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Desse, F.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Canto, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Didenko, S.; Dijkstra, H.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Suárez, A. Dosil; Douglas, L.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dufour, L.; Dujany, G.; Durante, P.; Durham, J.M.; Dutta, D.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziewiecki, M.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Ene, A.; Escher, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fazzini, D.; Federici, L.; Fernandez, G.; Fernandez Declara, P.; Fernandez Prieto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Lopes, L. Ferreira; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R.A.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Franco Lima, V.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Fu, J.; Funk, W.; Färber, C.; Carvalho, M. Féo Pereira Rivello; Gabriel, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gan, Y.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garcia Martin, L.M.; Plana, B. Garcia; Pardiñas, J. García; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Gascon, D.; Gaspar, C.; Gavardi, L.; Gazzoni, G.; Gerick, D.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Gerstel, D.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianì, S.; Gibson, V.; Girard, O.G.; Giubega, L.; Gizdov, K.; Gligorov, V.V.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gorelov, I.V.; Gotti, C.; Govorkova, E.; Grabowski, J.P.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L.A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greim, R.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gruber, L.; Gruberg Cazon, B.R.; Grünberg, O.; Gu, C.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Göbel, C.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S.C.; Hainge, J.; Hamilton, B.; Han, X.; Hancock, T.H.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S.T.; Harrison, T.; Hasse, C.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Hecker, M.; Heinicke, K.; Heister, A.; Hennessy, K.; Henry, L.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Charman, R. Hidalgo; Hill, D.; Hilton, M.; Hopchev, P.H.; Hu, W.; Huang, W.; Huard, Z.C.; Hulsbergen, W.; Humair, T.; Hushchyn, M.; Hutchcroft, D.; Hynds, D.; Ibis, P.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Ivshin, K.; Jacobsson, R.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jawahery, A.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C.R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Karacson, M.; Kariuki, J.M.; Karodia, S.; Kazeev, N.; Kecke, M.; Keizer, F.; Kelsey, M.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khairullin, E.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Kim, K.E.; Kirn, T.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Klimkovich, T.; Koliiev, S.; Kolpin, M.; Kopecna, R.; Koppenburg, P.; Kostiuk, I.; Kotriakhova, S.; Kozeiha, M.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreps, M.; Kress, F.; Krokovny, P.; Krupa, W.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuonen, A.K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lancierini, D.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Lefèvre, R.; Lemaitre, F.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, P.R.; Li, T.; Li, Z.; Liang, X.; Likhomanenko, T.; Lindner, R.; Lionetto, F.; Lisovskyi, V.; Liu, X.; Loh, D.; Loi, A.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J.H.; Lovell, G.H.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucio Martinez, M.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Macko, V.; Mackowiak, P.; Maddrell-Mander, S.; Maev, O.; Maguire, K.; Maisuzenko, D.; Majewski, M.W.; Malde, S.; Malecki, B.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Marangotto, D.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J.F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marinangeli, M.; Marino, P.; Marks, J.; Marshall, P.J.; Martellotti, G.; Martin, M.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Vidal, F. Martinez; Massafferri, A.; Materok, M.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mauri, A.; Maurice, E.; Maurin, B.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Mead, J.V.; Meadows, B.; Meaux, C.; Meier, F.; Meinert, N.; Melnychuk, D.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Michielin, E.; Milanes, D.A.; Millard, E.; Minard, M.N.; Minzoni, L.; Mitzel, D.S.; Mogini, A.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Mombächer, T.; Monroy, I.A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morello, G.; Morello, M.J.; Morgunova, O.; Moron, J.; Morris, A.B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Murphy, C.H.; Murray, D.; Mödden, A.; Müller, D.; Müller, J.; Müller, K.; Müller, V.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nandi, A.; Nanut, T.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, T.D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nieswand, S.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nogay, A.; O'Hanlon, D.P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Ogilvy, S.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, C.J.G.; Ossowska, A.; Otalora Goicochea, J.M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pais, P.R.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Panshin, G.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L.L.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Pereima, D.; Perret, P.; Pescatore, L.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petrucci, S.; Petruzzo, M.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pietrzyk, G.; Pikies, M.; Pili, M.; Pinci, D.; Pinzino, J.; Pisani, F.; Piucci, A.; Placinta, V.; Playfer, S.; Plews, J.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Lener, M. Poli; Poluektov, A.; Polukhina, N.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G.J.; Ponce, S.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Poslavskii, S.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Prisciandaro, J.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Pullen, H.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Qin, J.; Quagliani, R.; Quintana, B.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J.H.; Rama, M.; Ramos Pernas, M.; Rangel, M.S.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Ravonel Salzgeber, M.; Reboud, M.; Redi, F.; Reichert, S.; dos Reis, A.C.; Reiss, F.; Remon Alepuz, C.; Ren, Z.; Renaudin, V.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rinnert, K.; Robbe, P.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, A.B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Lopez, J.A.; Roehrken, M.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Roiser, S.; Rollings, A.; Romanovskiy, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M.S.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz Vidal, J.; Saborido Silva, J.J.; Sagidova, N.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Gras, C. Sanchez; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Sarpis, G.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saur, M.; Savrina, D.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schmelling, M.; Schmelzer, T.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schreiner, H.F.; Schubiger, M.; Schune, M.H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Semennikov, A.; Sepulveda, E.S.; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seuthe, A.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Shmanin, E.; Siddi, B.G.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smeaton, J.G.; Smith, E.; Smith, I.T.; Smith, M.; Soares, M.; Soares Lavra, l.; Sokoloff, M.D.; Soler, F.J.P.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Spradlin, P.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Stefkova, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stemmle, S.; Stenyakin, O.; Stepanova, M.; Stevens, H.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Stramaglia, M.E.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Strokov, S.; Sun, J.; Sun, L.; Swientek, K.; Syropoulos, V.; Szumlak, T.; Szymanski, M.; T'Jampens, S.; Tang, Z.; Tayduganov, A.; Tekampe, T.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tilley, M.J.; Tisserand, V.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Tou, D.Y.; Aoude, R. Tourinho Jadallah; Tournefier, E.; Traill, M.; Tran, M.T.; Trisovic, A.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Usachov, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vacca, C.; Vagner, A.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valat, S.; Valenti, G.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Regueiro, P. Vazquez; Vecchi, S.; van Veghel, M.; Velthuis, J.J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Venkateswaran, A.; Verlage, T.A.; Vernet, M.; Veronika, N.V.; Vesterinen, M.; Viana Barbosa, J.V.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vitkovskiy, A.; Vitti, M.; Volkov, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Voneki, B.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; de Vries, J.A.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Waldi, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Ward, D.R.; Wark, H.M.; Watson, N.K.; Websdale, D.; Weiden, A.; Weisser, C.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, I.; Williams, M.R.J.; Williams, M.; Williams, T.; Wilson, F.F.; Wimberley, J.; Winn, M.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S.A.; Wyllie, K.; Xiao, D.; Xie, Y.; Xu, A.; Xu, M.; Xu, Q.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yeomans, L.E.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zarebski, K.A.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhukov, V.; Zonneveld, J.B.; Zucchelli, S.

2018-01-01

The $\\overline{B_s^0} \\rightarrow \\chi_{c2} K^+ K^- $ decay mode is observed and its branching fraction relative to the corresponding $\\chi_{c1}$ decay mode, in a $\\pm 15 \\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ window around the $\\phi$ mass, is found to be $$\\frac{\\mathcal{B}(\\overline{B_s^0} \\rightarrow \\chi_{c2} K^+ K^-) }{ \\mathcal{B}(\\overline{B_s^0} \\rightarrow \\chi_{c1} K^+K^-)} = (17.1 \\pm 3.1 \\pm 0.4 \\pm 0.9)\\%,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the knowledge of the branching fractions of radiative $\\chi_c$ decays. The decay mode $\\overline{B_s^0} \\rightarrow \\chi_{c1} K^+ K^- $ allows the $ B_s^0$ mass to be measured as $$m(B_s^0) = 5366.83 \\pm 0.25 \\pm 0.27 \\, \\textrm{MeV}/c^2,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

Development on UO3-K2O and MoO3-K2O binary systems and study of UO2MoO4-MoO3 domain within UO3-MoO3-K2O ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dion, C.; Noel, A.

1983-01-01

This paper confirms the previous study on the MoO 3 -K 2 O system, and constitutes a clarity of the UO 3 -K 2 O system. Four distinct uranates VI with alkaline metal/uranium ratio's 2, 1, 0,5 and 0,285 exist. Preparation conditions and powder diffraction spectra of these compounds are given. Additional informations relative to K 2 MoO 4 allotropic transformations are provided. Study of UO 2 MoO 4 -K 2 MoO 4 diagram has brought three new phases into prominence: (B) K 6 UMo 4 O 18 incongruently melting point, (E) K 2 UMo 2 O 10 congruently melting and (F) K 2 U 3 Mo 4 O 22 incongruently melting point. Within MoO 3 -K 2 MoO 4 -UO 2 MoO 4 ternary system, no new phase is found. The general appearance of ternary liquidus and crystallization fields of several compounds are given. These three new compounds become identified with these of UO 2 MoO 4 -Na 2 MoO 4 binary system [fr

Standard Gibbs energies of formation and equilibrium constants from ab-initio calculations: Covalent dimerization of NO2 and synthesis of NH3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Awasthi, Neha; Ritschel, Thomas; Lipowsky, Reinhard; Knecht, Volker

2013-01-01

Highlights: • ΔG and K eq for NO 2 dimerization and NH 3 synthesis calculated via ab-initio methods. • Vis-á-vis experiments, W1 and CCSD(T) are accurate and G3B3 also does quite well. • CBS-APNO most accurate for NH 3 reaction but shows limitations in modeling NO 2 . • Temperature dependence of ΔG and K eq is calculated for the NH 3 reaction. • Good agreement of calculated K eq with experiments and the van’t Hoff approximation. -- Abstract: Standard quantum chemical methods are used for accurate calculation of thermochemical properties such as enthalpies of formation, entropies and Gibbs energies of formation. Equilibrium reactions are widely investigated and experimental measurements often lead to a range of reaction Gibbs energies and equilibrium constants. It is useful to calculate these equilibrium properties from quantum chemical methods in order to address the experimental differences. Furthermore, most standard calculation methods differ in accuracy and feasibility of the system size. Hence, a systematic comparison of equilibrium properties calculated with different numerical algorithms would provide a useful reference. We select two well-known gas phase equilibrium reactions with small molecules: covalent dimer formation of NO 2 (2NO 2 ⇌ N 2 O 4 ) and the synthesis of NH 3 (N 2 + 3 H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 ). We test four quantum chemical methods denoted by G3B3, CBS-APNO, W1 and CCSD(T) with aug-cc-pVXZ basis sets (X = 2, 3, and 4), to obtain thermochemical data for NO 2 , N 2 O 4 , and NH 3 . The calculated standard formation Gibbs energies Δ f G° are used to calculate standard reaction Gibbs energies Δ r G° and standard equilibrium constants K eq for the two reactions. Standard formation enthalpies Δ f H° are calculated in a more reliable way using high-level methods such as W1 and CCSD(T). Standard entropies S° for the molecules are calculated well within the range of experiments for all methods, however, the values of standard formation

Y2K: Focus on systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dillner, M.

1999-01-01

During the past three years the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been actively working with the US DOE to understand the Y2K impacts that exist and perform appropriate remediation of critical systems. The Y2K problem has the potential for affecting software, hardware, embedded chips, control devices as well as telephone and power equipment. Successful Y2K remediation requires that a risk assessment be performed based on a view of the 'complete' system (e.g. input, outputs, infrastructure, operating systems, communication mechanisms, and development tools as compilers). All DOE facilities have followed the Y2K life cycle of system inventory, assessment (system and risk), renovation, testing, transition planning, implementation, validation and business continuity planning. Within this process, each organization has used the particular systems life-cycle methodology. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory would like to share lessons learned about the entire Year 2000 program particularly in the areas of performing Year 2000 assessments, the identification of appropriate system remediation, and project mechanisms

Calorimetric study of alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide in the range from T->0 to 510K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smirnova, N.N.; Nikishchenkova, L.V.; Bykova, T.A.; Kulagina, T.G.; Belov, G.P.; Novikova, E.V.

2006-01-01

By adiabatic vacuum and dynamic calorimetry, the temperature dependence of heat capacity for alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide has been determined over the 6-510K range with an uncertainty of 0.2-0.5% between 6 and 350K and 0.5-1.5% from 330 to 510K. In the above temperature ranges, the physical transformations of the copolymer have been detected and their thermodynamic characteristics have been estimated. In a calorimeter with a static bomb and an isothermal shield, the energy of combustion of the copolymer has been measured at 298.15K. Based on the experimental data, the thermodynamic functions of the copolymer, namely, the heat capacity C p - bar (T), enthalpy H o (T)-H o (0), entropy S o (T)-S o (0) and Gibbs function G o (T)-H o (0) have been determined for the range from T->0 to 400K. The enthalpy of combustion Δ c H o and the thermodynamic parameters Δ f H o , Δ f S o , Δ f G o and lnK f - bar of reaction of formation of the copolymer from simple substances at T=298.15K and p=0.1MPa have been calculated. The data cited in the present work and literature data were used to calculate the thermodynamic characteristics of the alternating copolymerization in bulk of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and CO in the 0-340K range at standard pressure as well as to compare them with the thermodynamic characteristics of the synthesis of isomeric polyketone

Effects of Sb-doping on the formation of (K, Na)(Nb, Sb)O3 solid solution under hydrothermal conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Likui; Zhu Kongjun; Bai Lin; Qiu Jinhao; Ji Hongli

2010-01-01

(K, Na)(Nb, Sb)O 3 (KNNS) lead-free peizoceramic powders were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment at 240 o C for 8 h using the KOH, NaOH, Nb 2 O 5 and Sb 2 O 3 as raw materials. Effects of Sb-doping on the crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared powders were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra (Raman), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The Sb element was successfully doped into the alkaline niobate perovskite structure to form crystalline (K 0.7 Na 0.3 )(Nb 0.95 Sb 0.05 )O 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramic powder, which has a hexagonal morphology due to the aggregation growth of small grains. Phase and morphology evolutions with the reaction time were also studied, and a possible formation mechanism was proposed.

Serine protease inhibitor A3K suppressed the formation of ocular surface squamous metaplasia in a mouse model of experimental dry eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Zhirong; Zhou, Yueping; Wang, Yuqian; Zhou, Tong; Li, Jie; Luo, Pingping; He, Hui; Wu, Huping; Liu, Zuguo

2014-08-07

To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of serine protease inhibitor A3K (SERPINA3K) on the formation of ocular surface squamous metaplasia in a mouse dry eye model induced by topical benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The eye drops containing SERPINA3K were topically administered during the induction of BAC-induced dry eye. The clinical indications of dry eye were evaluated on day (D)16, including tear break-up time (BUT), tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining, and inflammatory index. Global specimens were collected on D16 and the following examinations were performed: histologic investigation, immunostaining of cytokeratin 10 (K10), p63 and Ki67 in the cornea, and Western blot analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Serine protease inhibitor A3K suppressed the formation of BAC-induced dry eye, presenting with longer BUTs, lower corneal fluorescein staining scores, and inflammatory index, while no significant changes in tear volume. It also reduced the severity of abnormal differentiation and proliferation on ocular surface with lower expressions of K10, p63, and Ki67, and retained the number of goblet cells in the conjunctival fornix. Serine protease inhibitor A3K significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α in the cornea. Topical application of SERPINA3K ameliorated the severity of ocular surface squamous metaplasia and suppressed the formation of BAC-induced dry eye. Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Myosin XI-dependent formation of tubular structures from endoplasmic reticulum isolated from tobacco cultured BY-2 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Yokota, Etsuo; Ueda, Haruko; Hashimoto, Kohsuke; Orii, Hidefumi; Shimada, Tomoo; Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko; Shimmen, Teruo

2011-05-01

The reticular network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubular and lamellar elements and is arranged in the cortical region of plant cells. This network constantly shows shape change and remodeling motion. Tubular ER structures were formed when GTP was added to the ER vesicles isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured BY-2 cells expressing ER-localized green fluorescent protein. The hydrolysis of GTP during ER tubule formation was higher than that under conditions in which ER tubule formation was not induced. Furthermore, a shearing force, such as the flow of liquid, was needed for the elongation/extension of the ER tubule. The shearing force was assumed to correspond to the force generated by the actomyosin system in vivo. To confirm this hypothesis, the S12 fraction was prepared, which contained both cytosol and microsome fractions, including two classes of myosins, XI (175-kD myosin) and VIII (BY-2 myosin VIII-1), and ER-localized green fluorescent protein vesicles. The ER tubules and their mesh-like structures were arranged in the S12 fraction efficiently by the addition of ATP, GTP, and exogenous filamentous actin. The tubule formation was significantly inhibited by the depletion of 175-kD myosin from the S12 fraction but not BY-2 myosin VIII-1. Furthermore, a recombinant carboxyl-terminal tail region of 175-kD myosin also suppressed ER tubule formation. The tips of tubules moved along filamentous actin during tubule elongation. These results indicated that the motive force generated by the actomyosin system contributes to the formation of ER tubules, suggesting that myosin XI is responsible not only for the transport of ER in cytoplasm but also for the reticular organization of cortical ER.

Study of the K+p→K+0pπ0+ reactions between 2.1 and 2.7GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brunet, J.-M.

1971-01-01

K + p→KπN reactions were studied at 2.11, 2.31, 2.53 and 2.72GeV/c, special attention being given to the K + p→K 0 π + p and K + p→K + π 0 p channels. The production of K*(892) and Δ ++ (1236) resonances, very frequent in these two reactions, was studied in terms of a simple Regge model. It was possible, by including results of other experiments at near energies, to establish the dominance of the vector meson exchange. This result is confirmed by the study of the angular distributions in the decay of these resonances, and the determination of the corresponding density matrix elements. The relations predicted by the quark model for these reactions was also tested [fr

Vitamins K1 and K2: The Emerging Group of Vitamins Required for Human Health.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwalfenberg, Gerry Kurt

2017-01-01

To review the evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in clinical conditions such as osteoporosis, vascular calcification, arthritis, cancer, renal calculi, diabetes, and warfarin therapy. PubMed was searched for articles on vitamin K (K1 and K2) along with books and conference proceedings and health conditions listed above. Level I and II evidence supports the use of vitamins K1 and K2 in osteoporosis and Level II evidence supports vitamin K2 in prevention of coronary calcification and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is insufficient for use in diabetes, arthritis, renal calculi, and cancer. Vitamin K2 may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of osteoporosis, along with vitamin D and calcium, rivaling bisphosphonate therapy without toxicity. It may also significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular health by reducing vascular calcification. Vitamin K2 appears promising in the areas of diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis. Vitamin K use in warfarin therapy is safe and may improve INR control, although a dosage adjustment is required. Vitamin K supplementation may be useful for a number of chronic conditions that are afflicting North Americans as the population ages. Supplementation may be required for bone and cardiovascular health.

Formation of oriented membrane multilayers of Na/K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pachence, J.M.; Knott, R.; Edelman, I.S.; Schoenborn, B.P.; Wallace, B.A.

1982-01-01

The isolated membrane-bound enzyme retains its ouabain-sensitive ATP hydrolysis activity, and produces ATP-dependent Na + and K + fluxes when incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. The ultimate goal of this work is to determine its low resolution structure using both X-ray and neutron diffraction. A number of methods were used to impart lamellar stacking order to highly purified pig Na/K-ATPase membranes. Upon partial dehydration, x-ray diffraction from Na/K-ATPase membrane multilayers at 98% relative humidity yielded discrete reflections of 118 A periodicity, diffracting to 1/14.8 A -1 , additionally, continuous diffraction to 1/10 A -1 was obtained. Subjecting the membrane multilayers to high magnetic fields improved the quality of the lamellar diffraction dramatically. Neutron diffraction studies of the partially dehydrated Na/K-ATPase membrane multilayers detected a mosaic spread of 2 0 when the samples were subjected to a magnetic field of 5 Tesla perpendicular to the membrane surface; the reflections were narrower than the camera line width; hence, the lattice disorder has also decreased significantly, although only four orders were measured

Standard enthalpies of formation of selected Rh2YZ Heusler compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin, Ming; Nash, Philip

2015-01-01

The standard enthalpies of formation (Δ f H°) of selected ternary Rh-based Rh 2 YZ (Y = Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ru, Ti, V; Z = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn) compounds were measured using high temperature direct reaction calorimetry. The measured standard enthalpies of formation (in kJ/mol of atoms) are, for the Heusler compound Rh 2 MnSn (−40.1 ± 3.6), for the B2-structured compounds: Rh 2 FeAl (−48.5 ± 2.9); Rh 2 MnAl (−72.4 ± 2.7); Rh 2 MnGa (−55.3 ± 2.0); Rh 2 MnIn (−35.3 ± 1.9), for the tetragonal compounds: Rh 2 FeSn (−28.9 ± 1.3); Rh 2 TiAl (−97.6 ± 2.2); Rh 2 TiGa (−79.0 ± 1.8); Rh 2 TiSn (−74.7 ± 3.1). Values are compared with those from first principles calculations in published papers and the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD). Lattice parameters of these compounds are determined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). - Highlights: • Standard enthalpies of formation of Rh 2 YZ were measured using a drop calorimeter. • Measured enthalpies agree with first principles data in general. • Lattice parameters and related phase relationships were consistent with literature data. • Rh 2 TiSn of tI8 structure were reported for the first time.

The status of Thailand Y2K Progress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srisanan, V.; Junlanan, M.; Malaivongs, K.

1999-01-01

This report divided into two parts deals with the general status of Y2K issues in Thailand and its effects in nuclear safeguards and physical protection and control of nuclear materials. It includes a description of safeguards in Thailand, Y2K action plan, contingency (emergency) plan, Thailand Y2K status report and the Thailand answer sheet about safeguards Y2K problem

Synthesis and structure of nanomaterials in the system K2O-Nb2O5-SiO2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Georgi Chernev

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present work is synthesis of ferroelectric nanomaterials, in the K2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 system via solgel method and studying the processes of formation and structure of the synthesized ferroelectric nanomaterials. The structure of synthesized materials has been studied by means of the following methods: EDS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and AFM. The results obtained showed that the structure of the investigated compositions does not depend on the niobium content and all the samples keep their amorphous nature at room temperature. The surface structure shows random distribution of different kinds of aggregates with dimensions about 200–500 nm. The presence of a hybrid nanostructure with well-defi ned nanounits having special geometry is clearly observed.

Phase formation in the K2MoO4-Lu2(MoO4)3-Hf(MoO4)2 system and the structural study of triple molybdate K5LuHf(MoO4)6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romanova, E.Yu.; Bazarov, B.G.; Tushinova, Yu.L.; Fedorov, K.N.; Bazarova, Zh.G.; Klevtsova, R.F.; Glinskaya, L.A.

2007-01-01

Interactions in the ternary system K 2 MoO 4 -Lu 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 -Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis. A new triple (potassium lutetium hafnium) molybdate with the 5 : 1 : 2 stoichiometry has been found. Monocrystals of this molybdate have been grown. Its X-ray diffraction structure has been refined (an X8 APEX automated diffractometer, MoK α radiation, 1960 F(hkl), R = 0.0166). The trigonal unit cell has the following parameters: a = 10.6536(1) A, c = 37.8434(8) A, V=3719.75(9) A, Z = 6, space group R3-bar c. The mixed 3D framework of the structure is built of Mo tetrahedra sharing corners with two independent (Lu,Hf)O 6 octahedra. Two sorts of potassium atoms occupy large framework voids [ru

Influence of Co or Ce addition on the NOx storage and sulfur-resistance performance of the lean-burn NOx trap catalyst Pt/K/TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zou Zhiqiang [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Meng, Ming, E-mail: mengm@tju.edu.cn [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Tsubaki, Noritatsu [Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama city, Toyama 930 8555 (Japan); He Junjun; Wang Gang; Li Xingang; Zhou Xiaoyan [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2009-10-15

The Pt/K/TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} catalysts promoted by Co or Ce were prepared by successive impregnation or mechanically mixing method. The influence of Co or Ce addition on the NOx storage and sulfur-resistance performance of the catalyst was investigated carefully. The techniques of XRD, FT-IR, in-situ DRIFTS, H{sub 2}-TPR and XPS were employed for catalyst characterization. The Co or Ce addition can greatly improve the NOx storage capacity of Pt/K/TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} due to the enhanced oxidation ability and the release of more K sites. Ce addition induces higher K/Ti atomic ratio and larger NOx storage capacity as compared with Co addition. After sulfation and regeneration, the promoted catalysts shows more or less decreased NSC than Pt/K/TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} due to the formation of more sulfates, especially for the Co-promoted catalysts, which possess better oxidation ability and facilitate the formation of large sulfates. The effect of Ce addition on Pt/K/TiO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} largely depends on the addition mode. The high oxidation ability and the high K/Ti ratio of the mechanically prepared Ce-promoted catalyst make it still possess considerable NOx storage capacity (NSC) of 142 {mu}mol/g after sulfation and regeneration. With the decrease of sulfur content in fuels, the Co- and Ce-promoted catalysts possessing large NOx storage capacity, will be applicable to the purification of lean-burn NOx.

Study of phase equilibria in LiIn(MoO4)2 - MeIn(MoO4)2 (Me - K, Rb) systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smirnyagina, N.N.; Kozhevnikova, N.M.; Alekseev, F.P.; Mokhosoev, M.V.

1983-01-01

To determine the possibilities of formation of ternary molybdates, containing two different alkali cations and a cation of trivalent element, the qUasibinary LiIn(MoO 4 ) 2 -MeIn(MoO 4 ) 2 cross-sections of quaternary Li 2 O-Me 2 O-In 2 O 3 -MoO 3 , (Me-K, Rb) systems have been studied. Methods of X-ray phase-, differential thermal- and crystal optical analyses were used. The studied systems are eutectics with segregation; ternary compounds are not formed in theM

Polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger is indicative of a low in vitro quinine susceptibility in isolates from Viet Nam

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thanh Nguyen

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Plasmodium falciparum NA+/H+ exchanger (pfnhe1, gene PF13_0019 has recently been proposed to influence quinine (QN susceptibility. However, its contribution to QN resistance seems to vary geographically depending on the genetic background of the parasites. Here, the role of this gene was investigated in in vitro QN susceptibility of isolates from Viet Nam. Method Ninety-eight isolates were obtained from three different regions of the Binh Phuoc and Dak Nong bordering Cambodia provinces during 2006-2008. Among these, 79 were identified as monoclonal infection and were genotyped at the microsatellite pfnhe1 ms4760 locus and in vitro QN sensitivity data were obtained for 51 isolates. Parasite growth was assessed in the field using the HRP2 immunodetection assay. Results Significant associations were found between polymorphisms at pfnhe1 microsatellite ms4760 and susceptibility to QN. Isolates with two or more DNNND exhibited much lower susceptibility to QN than those harbouring zero or one DNNND repeats (median IC50 of 682 nM versus median IC50 of 300 nM; p = 0.0146 while isolates with one NHNDNHNNDDD repeat presented significantly reduced QN susceptibility than those who had two (median IC50 of 704 nM versus median IC50 of 375 nM; p pfcrt76T and wild-type pfmdr1 (> 95% thus preventing analysis of associations with these mutations. Interestingly, area with the highest median QN IC50 showed also the highest percentage of isolates carrying the pfnhe1 haplotype 7. Conclusions The haplotype 7 which is the typical Asian profile is likely well-adapted to high drug pressure in this area and may constitute a good genetic marker to evaluate the dissemination of QNR in this part of the world.

Effect of oxygen on the complexing and electrochemical processes in the NaCl-KCl-K2TaF7 melt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polyakova, L.P.; Kononova, Z.A.; Kremenetskij, V.G.; Polyakov, E.K.

1997-01-01

Using the method of linear voltametry oxygen influence on electrochemical behaviour of tantalum during NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 melt titration with sodium oxide is studied. It is shown that in NaCl-KCl-K 3 TaOF 6 and NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 -Na 2 O melts (at molar ratio O/Ta = 1 ) tantalum reduction proceeds from oxyhalide complex of TaOClF 5 -3 composition. On further titration with sodium oxide (1 5 3- complexes, but their concentration is decreased at the cost of formation of insoluble compound K 0,4 TaO 2,4 F 0,6 . When O/Ta ≥ 2,4 tantalum concentration in electrolyte is decreased up to zero and peak of tantalum reduction on voltamogram is not recorded. (author)

Cryogenic test of the 4 K / 2 K insert for the ARIEL e-Linac cryomodule

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laxdal, R. E.; Ma, Y.; Harmer, P.; Kishi, D.; Koveshnikov, A.; Muller, N.; Vrielink, A.; O'Brien, M.; Ahammed, M.

2014-01-01

The ARIEL project at TRIUMF requires a 50 MeV superconducting electron linac consisting of five nine cell 1.3 GHz cavities divided into three cryomodules with one, two and two cavities in each module respectively. LHe is distributed in parallel to each module at 4 K and at ∼1.2 bar. Each module has a cryogenic insert on board that receives the 4 K liquid and produces 2 K into a cavity phase separator. The module combines a 4 K phase separator, a plate and fin heat exchanger from DATE and a J-T valve expanding into the 2 K phase separator. The unit also supplies 4 K liquid to thermal intercepts in the module in siphon loops that return the vaporized liquid to the 4 K reservoir. For testing purposes the unit is outfitted with a dummy 2 K phase separator and thermal intercepts with variable heaters that mimic the final heat loads in order to test the cryogenic performance. The design of the 4 K / 2 K insert, the results of the cold tests and a summary of the test infrastructure including cryogenics services will be presented

Cryogenic test of the 4 K / 2 K insert for the ARIEL e-Linac cryomodule

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laxdal, R. E.; Ma, Y.; Harmer, P.; Kishi, D.; Koveshnikov, A.; Muller, N.; Vrielink, A. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC (Canada); O' Brien, M. [University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Canada); Ahammed, M. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Center, Kolkata (India)

2014-01-29

The ARIEL project at TRIUMF requires a 50 MeV superconducting electron linac consisting of five nine cell 1.3 GHz cavities divided into three cryomodules with one, two and two cavities in each module respectively. LHe is distributed in parallel to each module at 4 K and at ∼1.2 bar. Each module has a cryogenic insert on board that receives the 4 K liquid and produces 2 K into a cavity phase separator. The module combines a 4 K phase separator, a plate and fin heat exchanger from DATE and a J-T valve expanding into the 2 K phase separator. The unit also supplies 4 K liquid to thermal intercepts in the module in siphon loops that return the vaporized liquid to the 4 K reservoir. For testing purposes the unit is outfitted with a dummy 2 K phase separator and thermal intercepts with variable heaters that mimic the final heat loads in order to test the cryogenic performance. The design of the 4 K / 2 K insert, the results of the cold tests and a summary of the test infrastructure including cryogenics services will be presented.

Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Solleti, Siva Kumar; Srisuma, Sorachai; Bhattacharya, Soumyaroop; Rangel-Moreno, Javier; Bijli, Kaiser M; Randall, Troy D; Rahman, Arshad; Mariani, Thomas J

2016-07-01

Serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), is a cell- and extracellular matrix-associated inhibitor of thrombin. Although SERPINE2 is a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the physiologic role of this protease inhibitor in lung development and homeostasis is unknown. We observed spontaneous monocytic-cell infiltration in the lungs of Serpine2-deficient (SE2(-/-)) mice, beginning at or before the time of lung maturity, which resulted in lesions that resembled bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The initiation of lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice involved the excessive expression of chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are essential for BALT induction, organization, and maintenance. BALT-like lesion formation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice was also associated with a significant increase in the activation of thrombin, a recognized target of SE2, and excess stimulation of NF-κB, a major regulator of chemokine expression and inflammation. Finally, systemic delivery of thrombin rapidly stimulated lung chemokine expression in vivo These data uncover a novel mechanism whereby loss of serine protease inhibition leads to lung lymphocyte accumulation.-Solleti, S. K., Srisuma, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rangel-Moreno, J., Bijli, K. M., Randall, T. D., Rahman, A., Mariani, T. J. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation. © FASEB.

Vitamins K1 and K2: The Emerging Group of Vitamins Required for Human Health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerry Kurt Schwalfenberg

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. To review the evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in clinical conditions such as osteoporosis, vascular calcification, arthritis, cancer, renal calculi, diabetes, and warfarin therapy. Quality of Evidence. PubMed was searched for articles on vitamin K (K1 and K2 along with books and conference proceedings and health conditions listed above. Level I and II evidence supports the use of vitamins K1 and K2 in osteoporosis and Level II evidence supports vitamin K2 in prevention of coronary calcification and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is insufficient for use in diabetes, arthritis, renal calculi, and cancer. Main Message. Vitamin K2 may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of osteoporosis, along with vitamin D and calcium, rivaling bisphosphonate therapy without toxicity. It may also significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular health by reducing vascular calcification. Vitamin K2 appears promising in the areas of diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis. Vitamin K use in warfarin therapy is safe and may improve INR control, although a dosage adjustment is required. Conclusion. Vitamin K supplementation may be useful for a number of chronic conditions that are afflicting North Americans as the population ages. Supplementation may be required for bone and cardiovascular health.

Rapid formation of nanocrystalline HfO2 powders from amorphous hafnium hydroxide under ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meskin, Pavel E.; Sharikov, Felix Yu.; Ivanov, Vladimir K.; Churagulov, Bulat R.; Tretyakov, Yury D.

2007-01-01

Peculiarities of hafnium hydroxide hydrothermal decomposition were studied by in situ heat flux calorimetry for the first time. It was shown that this process occurs in one exothermal stage (ΔH = -17.95 kJ mol -1 ) at 180-250 deg. C resulting in complete crystallization of amorphous phase with formation of pure monoclinic HfO 2 . It was found that the rate of m-HfO 2 formation can be significantly increased by combining hydrothermal treatment with simultaneous ultrasonic activation

T2K neutrino flux prediction

CERN Document Server

Abe, K.

2013-01-02

The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment studies neutrino oscillations using an off-axis muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of about 0.6 GeV that originates at the J-PARC accelerator facility. Interactions of the neutrinos are observed at near detectors placed at 280 m from the production target and at the far detector -- Super-Kamiokande (SK) -- located 295 km away. The flux prediction is an essential part of the successful prediction of neutrino interaction rates at the T2K detectors and is an important input to T2K neutrino oscillation and cross section measurements. A FLUKA and GEANT3 based simulation models the physical processes involved in the neutrino production, from the interaction of primary beam protons in the T2K target, to the decay of hadrons and muons that produce neutrinos. The simulation uses proton beam monitor measurements as inputs. The modeling of hadronic interactions is re-weighted using thin target hadron production data, including recent charged pion and kaon measurements from the NA...

Campaign 9 of the K2 mission

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henderson, Calen B.; Poleski, Radosław; Penny, Matthew

2016-01-01

K2's Campaign 9 (K2C9) will conduct a ˜3.7 deg2 survey toward the Galactic bulge from 2016 April 22 through July 2 that will leverage the spatial separation between K2 and the Earth to facilitate measurement of the microlens parallax {π }{{E}} for ≳ 170 microlensing events. These will include....... In this article we provide an overview of the K2C9 space- and ground-based microlensing survey. Specifically, we detail the demographic questions that can be addressed by this program, including the frequency of FFPs and the Galactic distribution of exoplanets, the observational parameters of K2C9, and the array...... of resources dedicated to concurrent observations. Finally, we outline the avenues through which the larger community can become involved, and generally encourage participation in K2C9, which constitutes an important pathfinding mission and community exercise in anticipation of WFIRST....

Impact of processing conditions on the kinetic of vitamin C degradation and 2-furoylmethyl amino acid formation in dried strawberries.

Science.gov (United States)

Gamboa-Santos, Juliana; Megías-Pérez, Roberto; Soria, A Cristina; Olano, Agustín; Montilla, Antonia; Villamiel, Mar

2014-06-15

In this paper, a study on the usefulness of the determination of vitamin C together with indicators of the initial steps of Maillard reaction (2-furoylmethyl amino acids, 2-FM-AA) during the convective drying of strawberries has been carried out for the first time, paying special attention to the kinetics of degradation and formation, respectively, of both parameters. Formation of 2-FM-AA of Lys, Arg and GABA and vitamin C loss increased with time and temperature following, respectively, a zero and first-order kinetics. As supported by its lower activation energy, 2-FM-GABA (55.9 kJ/mol) and 2-FM-Lys+2-FM-Arg (58.2 kJ/mol) were shown to be slightly more sensitive indicators than vitamin C (82.1 kJ/mol). The obtained results, together with a complementary study on the rehydration ability and sensorial attributes of samples, pointed out the suitability of the convective drying system to obtain dried strawberries of high nutritive quality and bioactivity and good consumer acceptance. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structure determination of K2ZnBr4 at 291 and 144 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabry, J.; Breczewski, T.; Zuniga, F.J.; Arnaiz, A.R.

1993-01-01

The room-temperature phase of K 2 ZnBr 4 is isomorphous with Sr 2 GeS 4 (P2 1 /m) while the low-temperature structure (P2 1 ) is slightly distorted [the phase transition occurs at 155 K]. Both structures contain highly deformed tetrahedral [ZnBr 4 ] 2- molecules with Br(3)-Zn-Br(3') angles of 103.06(5) and 102.49(9) at 291 and 144 K, respectively. This distortion is caused by the repulsion of Br atoms whose distance 3.712(1) and 3.661(2) A at 291 and 144 K, respectively, is below the Br-Br van der Waals distance (3.9 A). The phase transition is accompanied by minor shifts of cations and [ZnBr 4 ] 2- tetrahedra which are simultaneously rotated about a small angle. Below the phase transition point an inversion twin develops whose twin-fraction parameter was refined to 0.459(65). (orig.)

Calorimetric study of alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide in the range from T->0 to 510K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smirnova, N.N. [Research Institute of Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod University, Gagarin Prospekt 23/5, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation)]. E-mail: smirnova@ichem.unn.runnet.ru; Nikishchenkova, L.V. [Research Institute of Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod University, Gagarin Prospekt 23/5, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Bykova, T.A. [Research Institute of Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod University, Gagarin Prospekt 23/5, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Kulagina, T.G. [Research Institute of Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod University, Gagarin Prospekt 23/5, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Belov, G.P. [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region (Russian Federation); Novikova, E.V. [Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)

2006-12-01

By adiabatic vacuum and dynamic calorimetry, the temperature dependence of heat capacity for alternating copolymer of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and carbon monoxide has been determined over the 6-510K range with an uncertainty of 0.2-0.5% between 6 and 350K and 0.5-1.5% from 330 to 510K. In the above temperature ranges, the physical transformations of the copolymer have been detected and their thermodynamic characteristics have been estimated. In a calorimeter with a static bomb and an isothermal shield, the energy of combustion of the copolymer has been measured at 298.15K. Based on the experimental data, the thermodynamic functions of the copolymer, namely, the heat capacity C{sub p}{sup -}bar (T), enthalpy H{sup o}(T)-H{sup o}(0), entropy S{sup o}(T)-S{sup o}(0) and Gibbs function G{sup o}(T)-H{sup o}(0) have been determined for the range from T->0 to 400K. The enthalpy of combustion {delta}{sub c}H{sup o} and the thermodynamic parameters {delta}{sub f}H{sup o}, {delta}{sub f}S{sup o}, {delta}{sub f}G{sup o} and lnK{sub f}{sup -}bar of reaction of formation of the copolymer from simple substances at T=298.15K and p=0.1MPa have been calculated. The data cited in the present work and literature data were used to calculate the thermodynamic characteristics of the alternating copolymerization in bulk of bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene and CO in the 0-340K range at standard pressure as well as to compare them with the thermodynamic characteristics of the synthesis of isomeric polyketone.

UNION-K 2.0 User's Manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, Jae Woon; Jang, Jin Wook; Kim, Yeong Il

2008-12-01

The unified Input/Output processor UNION-K(UNified Input/Output Processor for Neutronics Analysis by K-CORE) has been developed to provide the automatic input file generation and output processing for the fast reactor core analysis. UNION-K includes the material database for reactor analysis and produces the input files for effective cross section generation, core analysis, and reactivity coefficient calculations. UNION-K can execute corresponding core analysis module and edit core performance parameters from the outputs. UNION-K also provides the graphical interface to check the geometrical arrangement of core and fuel sub-assembly and produces the picture files that can be used for reporting. This report has been prepared for instruction of using UNION-K Ver. 2.0 with examples

TASK-2: a K2P K+ channel with complex regulation and diverse physiological functions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Pablo Cid

2013-07-01

Full Text Available TASK-2 (K2P5.1 is a two-pore domain K+ channel belonging to the TALK subgroup of the K2P family of proteins. TASK-2 has been shown to be activated by extra- and intracellular alkalinisation. Extra- and intracellular pH-sensors reside at arginine 224 and lysine 245 and might affect separate selectivity filter and inner gates respectively. TASK-2 is modulated by changes in cell volume and a regulation by direct G-protein interaction has also been proposed. Activation by extracellular alkalinisation has been associated with a role of TASK-2 in kidney proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption, whilst intracellular pH-sensitivity might be the mechanism for its participation in central chemosensitive neurons. In addition to these functions TASK-2 has been proposed to play a part in apoptotic volume decrease in kidney cells and in volume regulation of glial cells and T-lymphocytes. TASK-2 is present in chondrocytes of hyaline cartilage, where it is proposed to play a central role in stabilizing the membrane potential. Additional sites of expression are dorsal root ganglion neurons, endocrine and exocrine pancreas and intestinal smooth muscle cells. TASK-2 has been associated with the regulation of proliferation of breast cancer cells and could become target for breast cancer therapeutics. Further work in native tissues and cells together with genetic modification will no doubt reveal the details of TASK-2 functions that we are only starting to suspect.

K2-EDTA and K3-EDTA Greiner Tubes for HbA1c Measurement.

Science.gov (United States)

Vrtaric, Alen; Filipi, Petra; Hemar, Marina; Nikolac, Nora; Simundic, Ana-Maria

2016-02-01

To determine whether K2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and K3-EDTA Greiner tubes could be used interchangeably for glycosylated hemoglobin, type A1C (HbA1c) measurement via the Abbott Laboratories ARCHITECT chemiluminescent microparticle HbA1c assay on the ARCHITECT i2000SR immunoanalyzer at our university hospital. We drew blood from a total of 45 outpatients into plastic Greiner Vacuette tubes, some of which were lined with K2-EDTA and others with K3-EDTA anticoagulant. Data are presented as median and interquartile range values. We used the Wilcoxon test and Passing-Bablok regression for tube comparison. For K2-EDTA tubes median HbA1c concentration was 54 mmol/mol (41 to 71 mmol/mol) and for K3-EDTA tubes 56 mmol/mol (43 to 69 mmol/mol). There was no statistically significant difference between K2-EDTA and K3-EDTA (bias= -1.29 mmol/mol; P = 0.24). Passing-Bablok regression showed that there is no constant and proportional error: y = -0.23 (95% CI[-3.52 to 0.69]) + 1.00( 95% CI[0.98 to 1.06]) x. In this study, we provide evidence for the lack of any clinically and statistically significant bias between K2-EDTA and K3-EDTA HbA1c measurements. Thus, Greiner tubes lined with K2-EDTA and those lined with K3-EDTA can safely be used interchangeably to measure HbA1c via the Abbott Laboratories ARCHITECT assay. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Determination of In-situ Rock Thermal Properties from Geophysical Log Data of SK-2 East Borehole, Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Songliao Basin, NE China

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, C.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, X.; Peng, C.; Zhang, S.

2017-12-01

Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Songliao Basin is a drilling project under the framework of ICDP. It aims at detecting Cretaceous environmental/climate changes and exploring potential resources near or beneath the base of the basin. The main hole, SK-2 East Borehole, has been drilled to penetrate through the Cretaceous formation. A variety of geophysical log data were collected from the borehole, which provide a great opportunity to analyze thermal properties of in-situ rock surrounding the borehole.The geothermal gradients were derived directly from temperature logs recorded 41 days after shut-in. The matrix and bulk thermal conductivity of rock were calculated with the geometric-mean model, in which mineral/rock contents and porosity were required as inputs (Fuchs et. al., 2014). Accurate mineral contents were available from the elemental capture spectroscopy logs and porosity data were derived from conventional logs (density, neutron and sonic). The heat production data were calculated by means of the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium determined from natural gamma-ray spectroscopy logs. Then, the heat flow was determined by using the values of geothermal gradients and thermal conductivity.The thermal parameters of in-situ rock over the depth interval of 0 4500m in the borehole were derived from geophysical logs. Statistically, the numerical ranges of thermal parameters are in good agreement with the measured values from both laboratory and field in this area. The results show that high geothermal gradient and heat flow exist over the whole Cretaceous formation, with anomalously high values in the Qingshankou formation (1372.0 1671.7m) and the Quantou formation (1671.7 2533.5m). It is meaningful for characterization of geothermal regime and exploration of geothermal resources in the basin. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the "China Continental Scientific Drilling Program of Cretaceous Songliao Basin (CCSD-SK)" of China

Sign system choice influence on the substance formation forecast in A2MoO4-B2(MoO4)3 and A2MoO4-CMoO4 systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manzanov, Yu.E.; Lutsik, V.I.; Mokhosoev, M.V.

1987-01-01

Three sign spaces were used for forecasting compound formation in A 2 MoO 4 -B 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 (5:1 ratio, where A-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; B-Al, In, Ga, Sc, Cr, Fe, Bi, La, Nd, Sm-Lu, Y) and A 2 MoO 4 -CMoO 4 (1:2 ratio, where A-Li, Na, K, RB, Cs, Tl; C-Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pd, Mn, Co, Ni) systems: 1-electron distribution on energy shells of cations and their valency; 2-the type of incomplete electron shell, charge of cations, three first ionization potentials, standard heat capacity, ionic radius of cations; 3-standard formation enthalpy and standard entropy, oxide melting points and ionic radius of cations. It is shown that sign space, related with thermodynamic properties of oxides contains data, necessary for forecasting interaction in molybdate systems. This enables to improve reliability of forecasting

Efficacy of Vitamin K2 for Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Shikano, Kotaro; Kaneko, Kaichi; Kawazoe, Mai; Kaburaki, Makoto; Hasunuma, Tomoko; Kawai, Shinichi

2016-01-01

Objective Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) is an effective treatment for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. We herein performed a subanalysis of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases undergoing glucocorticoid therapy in our previous prospective study. Methods Sixty patients were categorized into a group with vitamin K2 treatment (n=20, Group A) and a group without vitamin K2 treatment (n=40, Group B). All patients were treated with bisphosphonates. Results Serum levels of osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin decreased significantly after the start of glucocorticoid therapy in both groups, while the serum osteocalcin level was significantly higher in Group A than Group B during the third (p=0.0250) and fourth weeks (p=0.0155). The serum level of the N-terminal peptide of type I procollagen, a bone formation marker, decreased during glucocorticoid therapy, but was significantly higher in Group A than Group B during the fourth week (p=0.0400). The bone mineral density and fracture rate showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Although vitamin K2 improves bone turnover markers in patients with osteoporosis on glucocorticoid therapy, it has no significant effect on the bone mineral density and fracture rate after 1.5 years of treatment.

Effect of vitamin K2 on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yan; Chen, Jie Peng; Duan, Lili; Li, Shuzhuang

2018-02-01

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to be a major public health problem around the world that frequently presents with microvascular and macrovascular complications. Individuals with T2DM are not only suffering from significant emotional and physical misery, but also at increased risk of dying from severe complications. In recent years, evidence from prospective observational studies and clinical trials has shown T2DM risk reduction with vitamin K2 supplementation. We thus did an overview of currently available studies to assess the effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control and reviewed the underlying mechanisms. We proposed that vitamin K2 improved insulin sensitivity through involvement of vitamin K-dependent-protein osteocalcin, anti-inflammatory properties, and lipid-lowering effects. Vitamin K2 had a better effect than vitamin K1 on T2DM. The interpretation of this review will increase comprehension of the development of a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On two-primary algebraic K-theory of quadratic number rings with focus on K_2

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Crainic, M.; Østvær, Paul Arne

1999-01-01

We give explicit formulas for the 2-rank of the algebraic K-groups of quadratic number rings. A 4-rank formula for K2 of quadratic number rings given in [1] provides further information about the actual group structure. The K2 claculations are based on 2- and 4-rank formulas for Picard groups of

Binding of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K to the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2 enhances viral LMP2A expression.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrik Gross

Full Text Available The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV -encoded EBNA2 protein, which is essential for the in vitro transformation of B-lymphocytes, interferes with cellular processes by binding to proteins via conserved sequence motifs. Its Arginine-Glycine (RG repeat element contains either symmetrically or asymmetrically di-methylated arginine residues (SDMA and ADMA, respectively. EBNA2 binds via its SDMA-modified RG-repeat to the survival motor neurons protein (SMN and via the ADMA-RG-repeat to the NP9 protein of the human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K (HML-2 Type 1. The hypothesis of this work was that the methylated RG-repeat mimics an epitope shared with cellular proteins that is used for interaction with target structures. With monoclonal antibodies against the modified RG-repeat, we indeed identified cellular homologues that apparently have the same surface structure as methylated EBNA2. With the SDMA-specific antibodies, we precipitated the Sm protein D3 (SmD3 which, like EBNA2, binds via its SDMA-modified RG-repeat to SMN. With the ADMA-specific antibodies, we precipitated the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K. Specific binding of the ADMA- antibody to hnRNP K was demonstrated using E. coli expressed/ADMA-methylated hnRNP K. In addition, we show that EBNA2 and hnRNP K form a complex in EBV- infected B-cells. Finally, hnRNP K, when co-expressed with EBNA2, strongly enhances viral latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A expression by an unknown mechanism as we did not detect a direct association of hnRNP K with DNA-bound EBNA2 in gel shift experiments. Our data support the notion that the methylated surface of EBNA2 mimics the surface structure of cellular proteins to interfere with or co-opt their functional properties.

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of lithium manganese oxides at the temperatures of (680, 740 and 800) K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rog, G.; Kucza, W.; Kozlowska-Rog, A.

2004-01-01

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of LiMnO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 at the temperatures of (680, 740 and 800) K has been determined with the help of the solid-state galvanic cells involving lithium-β-alumina electrolyte. The equilibrium electrical potentials of cathode containing Li x Mn 2 O 4 spinel, in the composition ranges 0≤x≤1 and 1≤x≤2, vs. metallic lithium in the reversible intercalation galvanic cell have been calculated. The existence of two-voltage plateaus which appeared during charging and discharging processes in reversible intercalation of lithium into Li x Mn 2 O 4 spinel, has been discussed

SSX2 is a novel DNA-binding protein that antagonizes polycomb group body formation and gene repression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gjerstorff, Morten Frier; Relster, Mette Marie; Greve, Katrine Buch Viden

2014-01-01

Polycomb group (PcG) complexes regulate cellular identity through epigenetic programming of chromatin. Here, we show that SSX2, a germline-specific protein ectopically expressed in melanoma and other types of human cancers, is a chromatin-associated protein that antagonizes BMI1 and EZH2 PcG body...... formation and derepresses PcG target genes. SSX2 further negatively regulates the level of the PcG-associated histone mark H3K27me3 in melanoma cells, and there is a clear inverse correlation between SSX2/3 expression and H3K27me3 in spermatogenesis. However, SSX2 does not affect the overall composition...

JS-K, a nitric oxide prodrug, induces DNA damage and apoptosis in HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2.2.15 cell.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zhengyun; Li, Guangmin; Gou, Ying; Xiao, Dongyan; Luo, Guo; Saavedra, Joseph E; Liu, Jie; Wang, Huan

2017-08-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important cause of cancer-related death, and 85% of HCC is caused by chronic HBV infection, the prognosis of patients and the reduction of HBV DNA levels remain unsatisfactory. JS-K, a nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolates, is effective against various tumors, but little is known on its effects on HBV positive HCC. We found that JS-K reduced the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in HBV-positive HepG2.2.15 cells. This study aimed to further examine anti-tumor effects of JS-K on HepG2.2.15 cells. The MTT assay and colony forming assay were used to study the cell growth inhibition of JS-K; scratch assay and transwell assay were performed to detect cell migration. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analysis, and western blot were used to study DNA damage and cell apoptosis. JS-K inhibited HepG2.2.15 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, suppressed cell colony formation and migration, arrested cells gather in the G2 phase. JS-K (1-20μM) increased the expression of DNA damage-associated protein phosphorylation H 2 AX (γH 2 AX), phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (p-Chk1), phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (p-Chk2), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated rad3-related (p-ATR) and apoptotic-associated proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP). The study demonstrated JS-K is effective against HBV-positive HepG2.2.15 cells, the mechanisms are not only related to inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg secretion, but also related with induction of DNA damage and apoptosis. JS-K is a promising anti-cancer candidate against HBV-positive HCC. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

2D-grafiikan käyttö peliprojektissa

OpenAIRE

Reimi-Orsa, Anniina

2010-01-01

Opinnäytetyö on projektikuvaus, jossa on käsitelty kaksiulotteisen grafiikan käyttöä peliprojektissa toteutettujen töiden kautta. Työharjoittelussani tuotin materiaalia peliprojektiin, jonka maailma luotiin pääasiassa 2D-grafiikan avulla. Projektikuvauksessa on käyty läpi työn kulkua alkuvalmisteluista valmiiseen pelissä käytettävään grafiikkaan sekä käytäntöjä tämän tyyppisen 2D-grafiikan tuotannossa. Alussa peliprojektia on käsitelty yleisluontoisesti sekä avattu työssä käytettyjä ja p...

Are You Ready for Y2K?

Science.gov (United States)

Day, C. William

1999-01-01

Examines the planning process to identify equipment or systems within an educational facility that could be Y2K sensitive. Discusses developing a contingency plan to prevent operational shutdown. Concluding comments describe a simple Y2K equipment-testing procedure. (GR)

Measurement of the molar heat capacities of MoO2 and MoO3 from 350 to 950 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inaba, H.; Miyahara, K.; Naito, K.

1984-01-01

Molar heat capacities of MoO 2 and MoO 3 were measured in the range between 350 and 950 K by means of adiabatic scanning calorimetry. For MoO 2 , a sharp heat-capacity anomaly with a molar enthalpy change of (178 +- 24) J.mol -1 and a molar entropy change of (0.207 +- 0.028) J.K -1 .mol -1 was observed at 865 K, which had not been detected by drop calorimetry. For MoO 3 , two heat-capacity anomalies with molar enthalpy changes of (88 +- 21) and (60 +- 36) J.mol -1 were found at 808 K and 857 K, respectively; neither anomaly had been detected by the drop method. The lattice molar heat capacities of MoO 2 and MoO 3 are estimated as Csub(l,m)(MoO 2 ) = D(469 K/T) + E(578 K/T) + E(876 K/T) and Csub(l,m)(MoO 3 ) = D(208 K/T) + 2E(488 K/T) + E(1170 K/T), where D(x) and E(x) are the Debye and Einstein functions, respectively. The temperature coefficient of the electronic molar heat capacity of MoO 2 is estimated as (6.0 +- 0.5) mJ.K -2 .mol -1 . The excess heat capacity in MoO 3 found at higher temperatures is interpreted as being due to vacancy formation with a molar activation energy of (98 +-5) kJ.mol -1 . The origin of the heat-capacity anomalies is inferred as arising from the slight movement of distorted MoO 6 octahedra in the MoO 2 and MoO 3 structures. (author)

Defects in SiO2 crystals after neutron irradiations at 20 K and 360 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakagawa, M.; Okada, M.; Kawabata, Y.; Atobe, K.; Itoh, H.; Nakanishi, S.

1994-01-01

The synthetic silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), cut parallel (x-plate) or perpendicular (z-plate) to c-axis, are irradiated by reactor neutrons at 360 K (2.8x10 18 n/cm 2 ) or at 20 K (8.0x10 16 n/cm 2 ). After neutron irradiation at 360 K, the main absorption peak can be observed at 212 nm (5.84 eV) for z-plate and 217 nm (5.71 eV) for x-plate. After irradiation at 20 K a new band at 250 nm (4.96 eV) can be observed in addition to the band at about 220 nm. The 250 nm band having FWHM similar 0.44 eV disappears at 300-340 K. Thermoluminescences are also observed between 80 to 400 K; which show some difference between x-plate and z-plate. ((orig.))

Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling by n-terminal SH2 domain mutants of the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K is enhanced by deletion of its c-terminal SH2 domain.

Science.gov (United States)

Hofmann, Bianca T; Jücker, Manfred

2012-10-01

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is frequently activated in human cancer cells due to gain of function mutations in the catalytic (p110) and the regulatory (p85) subunits. The regulatory subunit consists of an SH3 domain and two SH2 domains. An oncogenic form of p85α named p65 lacking the c-terminal SH2 domain (cSH2) has been cloned from an irradiation-induced murine thymic lymphoma and transgenic mice expressing p65 in T lymphocytes develop a lymphoproliferative disorder. We have recently detected a c-terminal truncated form of p85α named p76α in a human lymphoma cell line lacking most of the cSH2 domain due to a frame shift mutation. Here, we report that the deletion of the cSH2 domain enhances the activating effects of the n-terminal SH2 domain (nSH2) mutants K379E and R340E on the PI3K/Akt pathway and micro tumor formation in a focus assay. Further analysis revealed that this transforming effect is mediated by activation of the catalytic PI3K isoform p110α and downstream signaling through mTOR. Our data further support a mechanistic model in which mutations of the cSH2 domain of p85α can abrogate its negative regulatory function on PI3K activity via the nSH2 domain of p85α. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.401(k)-2 - ADP test.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false ADP test. 1.401(k)-2 Section 1.401(k)-2 Internal... TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(k)-2 ADP test. (a) Actual deferral percentage (ADP) test—(1) In general—(i) ADP test formula. A cash or deferred arrangement satisfies the ADP...

The Legionella Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway

Science.gov (United States)

Michard, Céline; Sperandio, Daniel; Baïlo, Nathalie; Pizarro-Cerdá, Javier; LeClaire, Lawrence; Chadeau-Argaud, Elise; Pombo-Grégoire, Isabel; Hervet, Eva; Vianney, Anne; Gilbert, Christophe; Faure, Mathias; Cossart, Pascale

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionellosis, replicates within phagocytic cells. Crucial to biogenesis of the replicative vacuole is the Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system, which translocates a large number of effectors into the host cell cytosol. Among them is LegK2, a protein kinase that plays a key role in Legionella infection. Here, we identified the actin nucleator ARP2/3 complex as a target of LegK2. LegK2 phosphorylates the ARPC1B and ARP3 subunits of the ARP2/3 complex. LegK2-dependent ARP2/3 phosphorylation triggers global actin cytoskeleton remodeling in cells, and it impairs actin tail formation by Listeria monocytogenes, a well-known ARP2/3-dependent process. During infection, LegK2 is addressed to the Legionella-containing vacuole surface and inhibits actin polymerization on the phagosome, as revealed by legK2 gene inactivation. Consequently, LegK2 prevents late endosome/lysosome association with the phagosome and finally contributes to remodeling of the bacterium-containing phagosome into a replicative niche. The inhibition of actin polymerization by LegK2 and its effect on endosome trafficking are ARP2/3 dependent since it can be phenocopied by a specific chemical inhibitor of the ARP2/3 complex. Thus, LegK2-ARP2/3 interplay highlights an original mechanism of bacterial virulence with an unexpected role in local actin remodeling that allows bacteria to control vesicle trafficking in order to escape host defenses. PMID:25944859

Kaempferol Inhibits Angiogenesis by Suppressing HIF-1α and VEGFR2 Activation via ERK/p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Gi Dae

2017-12-01

Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit vascular formation in endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated whether kaempferol exerts antiangiogenic effects by targeting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were treated with various concentrations of kaempferol for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay; vascular formation was analyzed by tube formation, wound healing, and mouse aortic ring assays. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), ERK/p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR was analyzed by Western blotting. Kaempferol significantly inhibited cell migration and tube formation in endothelial cells, and suppressed microvessel sprouting in the mouse aortic ring assay. Moreover, kaempferol suppressed the activation of HIF-1α, VEGFR2, and other markers of ERK/p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in endothelial cells. These results suggest that kaempferol inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing HIF-1α and VEGFR2 activation via ERK/p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in endothelial cells.

Standard molar enthalpy of formation of methoxyacetophenone isomers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaral, Luísa M.P.F.; Morais, Victor M.F.; Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Experimental and computational energetic study of methoxyacetophenone isomers. • Enthalpies of formation and phase transition determined by calorimetric techniques. • Quantum chemical calculations allowed estimation of enthalpies of formation. • Structure and energy correlations were established. - Abstract: Values of the standard (p o = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of 2′-, 3′- and 4′-methoxyacetophenones were derived from their standard molar energy of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet high temperature vacuum sublimation technique was used to measure the enthalpies of sublimation/vaporization of the compounds studied. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of the three compounds, in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K, have been derived from the corresponding standard molar enthalpies of formation in the condensed phase and the standard molar enthalpies for the phase transition. The results obtained are −(232.0 ± 2.5), −(237.7 ± 2.7) and −(241.1 ± 2.1) kJ · mol −1 for 2′-, 3′- and 4′-methoxyacetophenone, respectively. Standard molar enthalpies of formation were also estimated from different methodologies: the Cox scheme as well as two different computational approaches using density functional theory-based B3LYP and the multilevel G3 methodologies

Enthalpy of formation of zircon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellison, A.J.G.; Navrotsky, A.

1992-01-01

Using high-temperature solution calorimetry in molt 2PbO · B 2 O 3 , the enthalpy of reaction of the formation of zircon, ZrSiO 4 , from its constituent oxides has been determined: Δ 4 H 977 (ZrSiO 4 ) = -27.9 (±1.9) kJ/mol. With previously reported data for the heat contents of ZrO 2 SiO 2 and ZrSiO 4 and standard-state enthalpies of formation of ZrO 2 and SiO 2 , we obtain Δ f H 298 degrees. (ZrSiO 4 ) = -2034.2 (±3.1) kJ/mol and Δ t G 298 degrees (ZrSiO 4 ) = -1919.8 kJ/mol. The free energy value is in excellent agreement with a range previously estimated from solid-state reaction equilibria. At higher temperature also the data are in close agreement with existing data, though the data sets diverge somewhat with increasing T. In this paper the limitations of the data for predicting the breakdown temperature of zircon into its constituent oxides are discussed

V qn TK ,

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Obe

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT MODELS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES FOR. COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC TRANSDUCERS. BY. TADEUSZ SIDOR. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. (Received 27th April 1981). ABSTRACT. The paper presents ...

Comet formation

Science.gov (United States)

Blum, J.

2014-07-01

There has been vast progress in our understanding of planetesimal formation over the past decades, owing to a number of laboratory experiments as well as to refined models of dust and ice agglomeration in protoplanetary disks. Coagulation rapidly forms cm-sized ''pebbles'' by direct sticking in collisions at low velocities (Güttler et al. 2010; Zsom et al. 2010). For the further growth, two model approaches are currently being discussed: (1) Local concentration of pebbles in nebular instabilities until gravitational instability occurs (Johansen et al. 2007). (2) A competition between fragmentation and mass transfer in collisions among the dusty bodies, in which a few ''lucky winners'' make it to planetesimal sizes (Windmark et al. 2012a,b; Garaud et al. 2013). Predictions of the physical properties of the resulting bodies in both models allow a distinction of the two formation scenarios of planetesimals. In particular, the tensile strength (i.e, the inner cohesion) of the planetesimals differ widely between the two models (Skorov & Blum 2012; Blum et al. 2014). While model (1) predicts tensile strengths on the order of ˜ 1 Pa, model (2) results in rather compactified dusty bodies with tensile strengths in the kPa regime. If comets are km-sized survivors of the planetesimal-formation era, they should in principle hold the secret of their formation process. Water ice is the prime volatile responsible for the activity of comets. Thermophysical models of the heat and mass transport close to the comet-nucleus surface predict water-ice sublimation temperatures that relate to maximum sublimation pressures well below the kPa regime predicted for formation scenario (2). Model (1), however, is in agreement with the observed dust and gas activity of comets. Thus, a formation scenario for cometesimals involving gravitational instability is favored (Blum et al. 2014).

Comparative genome analysis of novel Podoviruses lytic for hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae of K1, K2, and K57 capsular types.

Science.gov (United States)

Solovieva, Ekaterina V; Myakinina, Vera P; Kislichkina, Angelina A; Krasilnikova, Valentina M; Verevkin, Vladimir V; Mochalov, Vladimir V; Lev, Anastasia I; Fursova, Nadezhda K; Volozhantsev, Nikolay V

2018-01-02

Hypermucoviscous (HV) strains of capsular types K1, K2 and K57 are the most virulent representatives of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species. Eight novel bacteriophages lytic for HV K. pneumoniae were isolated and characterized. Three bacteriophages, KpV41, KpV475, and KpV71 were found to have a lytic activity against mainly K. pneumoniae of capsular type K1. Two phages, KpV74, and KpV763 were lytic for K2 capsular type K. pneumoniae, and the phage KpV767 was specific to K57-type K. pneumoniae only. Two more phages, KpV766, and KpV48 had no capsular specificity. The phage genomes consist of a linear double-stranded DNA of 40,395-44,623bp including direct terminal repeats of 180-246 bp. The G + C contents are 52.3-54.2 % that is slightly lower than that of genomes of K. pneumoniae strains being used for phage propagation. According to the genome structures, sequence similarity and phylogenetic data, the phages are classified within the genus Kp32virus and Kp34virus of subfamily Autographivirinae, family Podoviridae. In the phage genomes, genes encoding proteins with putative motifs of polysaccharide depolymerase were identified. Depolymerase genes of phages KpV71 and KpV74 lytic for hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae of K1 and K2 capsular type, respectively, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant gene products were purified. The specificity and polysaccharide-degrading activity of the recombinant depolymerases were demonstrated. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ca2+-dependent K+ Channels in Exocrine Salivary Glands

Science.gov (United States)

Catalán, Marcelo A.; Peña-Munzenmayer, Gaspar; Melvin, James E.

2014-01-01

In the last 15 years, remarkable progress has been realized in identifying the genes that encode the ion-transporting proteins involved in exocrine gland function, including salivary glands. Among these proteins, Ca2+-dependent K+ channels take part in key functions including membrane potential regulation, fluid movement and K+ secretion in exocrine glands. Two K+ channels have been identified in exocrine salivary glands: 1) a Ca2+-activated K+ channel of intermediate single channel conductance encoded by the KCNN4 gene; and, 2) a voltage- and Ca2+-dependent K+ channel of large single channel conductance encoded by the KCNMA1 gene. This review focuses on the physiological roles of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in exocrine salivary glands. We also discuss interesting recent findings on the regulation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels by protein-protein interactions that may significantly impact exocrine gland physiology. PMID:24559652

Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exert antitumor effects on established colorectal cancer in mice by inducing apoptotic death of tumor cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogawa, Mutsumi; Nakai, Seiji; Deguchi, Akihiro; Nonomura, Takako; Masaki, Tsutomu; Uchida, Naohito; Yoshiji, Hitoshi; Kuriyama, Shigeki

2007-08-01

Although a number of studies have shown that vitamin K possesses antitumor activities on various neoplastic cell lines, there are few reports demonstrating in vivo antitumor effects of vitamin K, and the antitumor effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be examined. Therefore, antitumor effects of vitamin K on CRC were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 suppressed the proliferation of colon 26 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while vitamin K1 did not. On flow cytometry, induction of apoptosis by vitamins K2, K3 and K5 was suggested by population in sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Hoechst 33342 staining and a two-color flow cytometric assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide confirmed that vitamins K2, K3 and K5 induced apoptotic death of colon 26 cells. Enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in colon 26 cells was significantly up-regulated by vitamins K2, K3 and K5. The pan-caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, substantially prevented vitamin K-mediated apoptosis. In vivo study using syngeneic mice with subcutaneously established colon 26 tumors demonstrated that intravenous administration of vitamins K2, K3 and K5 significantly suppressed the tumor growth. The number of apoptotic tumor cells was significantly larger in the vitamin K-treated groups than in the control group. These results suggest that vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exerted effective antitumor effects on CRC in vitro and in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic death of tumor cells, suggesting that these K vitamins may be promising agents for the treatment of patients with CRC.

Emission analysis of Tb3+ -and Sm3+ -ion-doped (Li2 O/Na2 O/K2 O) and (Li2 O + Na2 O/Li2 O + K2 O/K2 O + Na2 O)-modified borosilicate glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Naveen Kumar Reddy, B; Sailaja, S; Thyagarajan, K; Jho, Young Dahl; Sudhakar Reddy, B

2018-05-01

Four series of borosilicate glasses modified by alkali oxides and doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions were prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition 74.5B 2 O 3 + 10SiO 2 + 5MgO + R + 0.5(Tb 2 O 3 /Sm 2 O 3 ) [where R = 10(Li 2 O /Na 2 O/K 2 O) for series A and C, and R = 5(Li 2 O + Na 2 O/Li 2 O + K 2 O/K 2 O + Na 2 O) for series B and D]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the prepared glasses indicate their amorphous nature. The spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses were studied by optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. A green emission corresponding to the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 (543 nm) transition of the Tb 3+ ions was registered under excitation at 379 nm for series A and B glasses. The emission spectra of the Sm 3+ ions with the series C and D glasses showed strong reddish-orange emission at 600 nm ( 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 ) with an excitation wavelength λ exci = 404 nm ( 6 H 5/2 → 4 F 7/2 ). Furthermore, the change in the luminescence intensity with the addition of an alkali oxide and combinations of these alkali oxides to borosilicate glasses doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions was studied to optimize the potential alkali-oxide-modified borosilicate glass. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Study of K-π- inelastic scattering from K-p interactions at 4.2 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voorthuis, H.; Groot, A.J. de; Jongejans, B.; Kluyver, J.C.; Kittel, E.W.; Schotanus, D.J.

1976-01-01

The isospin I=3/2K - π - inelastic scattering cross section is determined from the reactions K - p→Δ ++ (K+pions) -- at 4.2 GeV/c incident K - momentum, using a Chew-Low extrapolation method. The available statistics also allowed a determination of the cross sections for individual K - π - reactions by this method. The total inelastic K - π - scattering cross section is found to increase almost linearly with K - π - mass from - π - →(Kππ) -- contribute to the inelastic cross section; higher multiplicity K - π - interactions start to play a role above this mass. (Auth.)

Vitamin K2 for the reversal of warfarin-related coagulopathy.

Science.gov (United States)

Hifumi, Toru; Takada, Hiroaki; Ogawa, Daisuke; Suzuki, Kenta; Hamaya, Hideyuki; Shinohara, Natsuyo; Abe, Yuko; Takano, Koshiro; Kawakita, Kenya; Hagiike, Masanobu; Koido, Yuichi; Kuroda, Yasuhiro

2015-08-01

The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation recommends vitamin K1 for warfarin-related coagulopathy. In Japan, vitamin K2 is used more commonly for such purpose. The difference between vitamins K1 and K2 in reversing warfarin-related coagulopathy has not been discussed. Herein, we report a case that was reversed with vitamin K2; alterations in vitamins K1 and K2 levels and coagulation markers are also presented.

On the irrationality measure for a q-analogue of \\zeta(2)

Science.gov (United States)

Zudilin, W. V.

2002-08-01

A Liouville-type estimate is proved for the irrationality measure of the quantities \\displaystyle \\zeta_q(2)=\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty\\frac{q^n}{(1-q^n)^2}with q^{-1}\\in\\mathbb Z\\setminus\\{0,\\pm1\\}. The proof is based on the application of a q-analogue of the arithmetic method developed by Chudnovsky, Rukhadze, and Hata and of the transformation group for hypergeometric series-the group-structure approach introduced by Rhin and Viola.

Comparison of vitamins K1, K2 and K3 effects on growth of rat glioma and human glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Oztopçu, Pinar; Kabadere, Selda; Mercangoz, Ayşe; Uyar, Ruhi

2004-09-01

Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized as highly invasive and rapidly growing astrocytomas, and scientists have sought for efficient treatment against malignant gliomas for a long time. Therefore, we compared the respond of rat glioma (C6) and glioblastoma multiforme cells derived from two patients to vitamins K1, K2 and K3. The cells were exposed to 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 microM of vitamins K1 and K2, and 1, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 microM of vitamin K3 for 24 hours in an incubator atmosphere of 5% CO2, 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. Cell viability was estimated by MTT assay. Vitamin K1 showed no growth effect on all the glioma cells examined. Vitamin K2 did not cause any change in number of C6, however induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner on glioblastoma multiforme. The IC50 values of vitamin K2 were 960 microM and 970 microM for glioblastoma multiforme, respectively. Vitamin K3 had also growth inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on both C6 and glioblastoma multiforme. The IC50 values were 41 microM, 24 microM and 23 microM for vitamin K3, respectively. We concluded that vitamin K3 is more effective than vitamin K2 for inhibition of cancer cell growth, and might have an alternative value as an anticancer drug against glioblastoma multiforme.

10 K gate I(2)L and 1 K component analog compatible bipolar VLSI technology - HIT-2

Science.gov (United States)

Washio, K.; Watanabe, T.; Okabe, T.; Horie, N.

1985-02-01

An advanced analog/digital bipolar VLSI technology that combines on the same chip 2-ns 10 K I(2)L gates with 1 K analog devices is proposed. The new technology, called high-density integration technology-2, is based on a new structure concept that consists of three major techniques: shallow grooved-isolation, I(2)L active layer etching, and I(2)L current gain increase. I(2)L circuits with 80-MHz maximum toggle frequency have developed compatibly with n-p-n transistors having a BV(CE0) of more than 10 V and an f(T) of 5 GHz, and lateral p-n-p transistors having an f(T) of 150 MHz.

Formation, Sintering and Removal of Biomass Ash Deposits

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laxminarayan, Yashasvi

conditions in laboratory-scale setups. Deposit formation was simulated in an Entrained Flow Reactor, to investigate the effect of operating conditions and ash chemistry on the rate of deposit formation. Experiments were performed using model biomass fly ash, prepared from mixtures of K2Si4O9, KCl, K2SO4, Ca....... Moreover, biomass ash deposits may cause severe corrosion of boiler surfaces. Therefore, reducing deposit formation and timely deposit removal are essential for optimal boiler operation. The formation, sintering and removal of boiler deposits has been investigated in this PhD project, by simulating boiler...... temperature increased the sticking probability of the fly ash particles/deposit surface, thereby increasing the rate of deposit formation. However, increasing flue gas velocity resulted in a decrease in the deposit formation rate, due to increased particle rebound. Furthermore, it was observed...

Visual Accommodation, the Mandelbaum Effect, and Apparent Size.

Science.gov (United States)

1979-11-01

ametropias are referred to as the anomalo i myoplas. (Leibowitz & Owens, 1975a). Tha QnK £oa. The laser optometer is particularly effective for investigating...the emmetropic observer. The situational ametropias could be considered anomalies, rejecting by fiat the possibility tnat they are a manifestation of an

Potassium vanadium selenite, K(VO2)3(SeO3)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harrison, W.T.A.; Dussack, L.L.; Jacobson, A.J.

1995-01-01

The hydrothermal synthesis and single-crystal structure of potassium vanadium(V) selenite, K(VO 2 ) 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 , are reported. K(VO 2 ) 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 is a layered phase based on a hexagonal tungsten-oxide-like array of corner-sharing VO 6 octahedra capped by Se atoms, and is isostructural with NH 4 (VO 2 ) 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 . (orig.)

Effect of Mechanical Activation on the In Situ Formation of TiB2 Particulates in the Powder Mixture of TiH2 and FeB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huynh X.-K.

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The in situ formation of TiB2 particulates via an interface reaction between Ti and FeB powders was studied. The effects of mechanical activation by high-energy milling on the decomposition of TiH2 and the interface reactions between Ti and FeB powders to form TiB2 were investigated. Powder mixtures were fabricated using planetary ball-milling under various milling conditions. The specific ball-milling energy was calculated from the measured electrical power consumption during milling process. High specific milling energy (152.6 kJ/g resulted in a size reduction and homogeneous dispersion of constituent powders. This resulted in a decrease in the decomposition temperature of TiH2 and an increase in the formation reaction of TiB2 particulates in the Fe matrix, resulting in a homogeneous microstructure of nanoscale TiB2 evenly distributed within the Fe matrix. In contrast, the powder mixture milled with low specific milling energy (36.5 kJ/g showed an inhomogeneous microstructure composed of relatively large Fe-Fe2B particles surrounded by a thin layer of Fe-TiB2 within a finely dispersed Fe-TiB2 matrix region.

Y2K compliance readiness and contingency planning.

Science.gov (United States)

Stahl, S; Cohan, D

1999-09-01

As the millennium approaches, discussion of "Y2K compliance" will shift to discussion of "Y2K readiness." While "compliance" focuses on the technological functioning of one's own computers, "readiness" focuses on the operational planning required in a world of interdependence, in which the functionality of one's own computers is only part of the story. "Readiness" includes the ability to cope with potential Y2K failures of vendors, suppliers, staff, banks, utility companies, and others. Administrators must apply their traditional skills of analysis, inquiry and diligence to the manifold imaginable challenges which Y2K will thrust upon their facilities. The SPICE template can be used as a systematic tool to guide planning for this historic event.

Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of RE(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Meng Xiangxin; Shuai Qi; Chen Sanping; Xie Gang; Gao Shengli; Shi Qizhen

2005-01-01

Four solid ternary complexes of RE (C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) were synthesized in absolute ethanol by rare earth chloride low hydrate with the mixed ligands of ammonium pyrrolidinedi-thiocarbamate (APDC) and 1, 10-phenanthroline*H2O (o-phen*H2O) in the ordinary laboratory atmosphere without any cautions against moisture or air sensitivity. IR spectra of the complexes show that the RE3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three PDC- and two nitrogen atoms of o-phen*H2O. It was assumed that the coordination number of RE3+ is eight. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes, ΔcU, were determined as (-16937.88±9.79 ), (-17588.79±8.62 ), (-17747.14±8.25 ) and (-17840.37±8.87 ) kJ*mol-1, by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard molar enthalpies of combustion, ΔcHθm, and standard molar enthalpies of formation, ΔfHθm, were calculated as (-16953.37±9.79), (-17604.28±8.62), (-17762.63±8.25), (-17855.86±8.87) kJ*mol-1 and (-857.04±10.52), (-282.43±9.58), (-130.08±9.13), (-55.75±9.83) kJ*mol-1.

Reaction kinetics of H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}O with rare earths (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er) at 298 K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Enomoto, M.; Ohata, Y. [Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Uchida, H., E-mail: huchida@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp [Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)

2013-12-15

Highlights: ► H{sub 2} molecules react with a clean surface of each RE sample at the highest reactivity even at 298 K. ► The H{sub 2} reactivity becomes reduced by the formation of dihydrides of each RE sample. ► The RE with a clean surface adsorb O{sub 2} more than one monolayer of O{sub 2} even at 298 K. ► The quantitative reactivity of the H atoms dissociated from H{sub 2}O was calculated. -- Abstract: High reactivity of rare earths (RE) with H{sub 2}, O{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O is well known even at room temperature. The formation of stable surface oxides/hydroxides on the surface is the one of serious problems in the production and use of materials containing RE. We have investigated the quantitative reactivities of H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}O with the surface of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er under ultra high vacuum condition. The H{sub 2}, O{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O gases exhibited the highest reactivity on the clean surface of the RE at 298 K. This means that all gas molecules impinging the surface dissociate and chemisorbed. The O atoms dissociated from O{sub 2} adsorb to for oxides layers of the metals. The H atoms dissociated from H{sub 2} diffuse into the metals to form hydrides which were found to decrease the H{sub 2} reactivity. The H atoms dissociated form H{sub 2}O diffuse into the metals or form hydroxides of the metals. With increasing coverage of each gas molecules, the reactivity of each gas was decreased by several orders of magnitude.

H2A/K pseudogene mutation may promote cell proliferation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Jisheng; Jing, Ruirui; Lv, Xin; Wang, Xiaoyue; Li, Junqiang; Li, Lin; Li, Cuiling; Wang, Daoguang; Bi, Baibing; Chen, Xinjun [Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012 (China); Yang, Jing-Hua, E-mail: sdu_crc_group1@126.com [Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012 (China); Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston 510660, MA (United States)

2016-05-15

Highlights: • The mutant H2A/K pseudogene is active. • The mutant H2A/K pseudogene can promote cell proliferation. - Abstract: Little attention has been paid to the histone H2A/K pseudogene. Results from our laboratory showed that 7 of 10 kidney cancer patients carried a mutant H2A/K pseudogene; therefore, we were interested in determining the relationship between mutant H2A/K and cell proliferation. We used shotgun and label-free proteomics methods to study whether mutant H2A/K lncRNAs affected cell proliferation. Quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that the expression of mutant H2A/K lncRNAs resulted in the upregulation of many oncogenes, which promoted cell proliferation. Further interaction analyses revealed that a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-protein interaction network, with PCNA in the center, contributes to cell proliferation in cells expressing the mutant H2A/K lncRNAs. Western blotting confirmed the critical upregulation of PCNA by mutant H2A/K lncRNA expression. Finally, the promotion of cell proliferation by mutant H2A/K lncRNAs (C290T, C228A and A45G) was confirmed using cell proliferation assays. Although we did not determine the exact mechanism by which the oncogenes were upregulated by the mutant H2A/K lncRNAs, we confirmed that the mutant H2A/K lncRNAs promoted cell proliferation by upregulating PCNA and other oncogenes. The hypothesis that cell proliferation is promoted by the mutant H2A/K lncRNAs was supported by the protein expression and cell proliferation assay results. Therefore, mutant H2A/K lncRNAs may be a new factor in renal carcinogenesis.

Hα AND 4000 Å BREAK MEASUREMENTS FOR ∼3500 K-SELECTED GALAXIES AT 0.5 < z < 2.0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kriek, Mariska; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Brammer, Gabriel B.

2011-01-01

We measure spectral features of ∼3500 K-selected galaxies at 0.5 Hα+ ) with the strength of the 4000 Å break (D(4000)) and the best-fit specific star formation rate, and find that all these properties are strongly correlated. This is a reassuring result, as currently most distant stellar population studies are based on just continuum emission. Furthermore, the relation between W Hα+ and D(4000) provides interesting clues to the star formation histories of galaxies, as these features are sensitive to different stellar ages. We find that the correlation between W Hα+ and D(4000) at 0.5 < z < 2.0 is similar to z ∼ 0 and that the suppression of star formation in galaxies at z < 2 is generally not abrupt, but a gradual process.

Standard enthalpies of formation of selected Rh{sub 2}YZ Heusler compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yin, Ming, E-mail: myin1@hawk.iit.edu; Nash, Philip

2015-11-25

The standard enthalpies of formation (Δ{sub f}H°) of selected ternary Rh-based Rh{sub 2}YZ (Y = Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ru, Ti, V; Z = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn) compounds were measured using high temperature direct reaction calorimetry. The measured standard enthalpies of formation (in kJ/mol of atoms) are, for the Heusler compound Rh{sub 2}MnSn (−40.1 ± 3.6), for the B2-structured compounds: Rh{sub 2}FeAl (−48.5 ± 2.9); Rh{sub 2}MnAl (−72.4 ± 2.7); Rh{sub 2}MnGa (−55.3 ± 2.0); Rh{sub 2}MnIn (−35.3 ± 1.9), for the tetragonal compounds: Rh{sub 2}FeSn (−28.9 ± 1.3); Rh{sub 2}TiAl (−97.6 ± 2.2); Rh{sub 2}TiGa (−79.0 ± 1.8); Rh{sub 2}TiSn (−74.7 ± 3.1). Values are compared with those from first principles calculations in published papers and the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD). Lattice parameters of these compounds are determined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). - Highlights: • Standard enthalpies of formation of Rh{sub 2}YZ were measured using a drop calorimeter. • Measured enthalpies agree with first principles data in general. • Lattice parameters and related phase relationships were consistent with literature data. • Rh{sub 2}TiSn of tI8 structure were reported for the first time.

New results from T2K

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2013-01-01

The Tokai to Kamioka (T2K) experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment situated in Japan. A high intensity neutrino beam is produced at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, in Tokai, Japan. In 2011, the collaboration announced the first indication of muon neutrino to electron neutrino transformation, which was then a new type of neutrino oscillation; now, with 3.5 times more data, this transformation is firmly established. This T2K observation is the first of its kind in that an explicit appearance of a unique flavor of neutrino at a detection point is unequivocally observed from a different flavor of neutrino at its production point. The T2K collaboration also reports a precision measurement of muon neutrino disappearance with an ooff-axis neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV. Near detector is used in both oscillation measurements to constrain the neutrino flux and cross section parameters.

Resolving power test of 2-D K{sup +} K{sup +} interferometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Padula, Sandra S.; Roldao, Christiane G. [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

1999-07-01

Adopting a procedure previously proposed to quantitatively study pion interferometry {sup 1} , an equivalent 2-D X{sup 2} analysis was performed to test the resolving power of that method when applied to less favorable conditions, when no significant contribution from long lived resonances is expected, as in kaon interferometry. For that purpose, use is made of the preliminary E859 K{sup +}K{sup +} interferometry data from Si+Au collisions at 14.6 A GeV/c. Less sensitivity is achieved in the present case, although it is shown that it is still possible to distinguish two distinct decoupling geometries. (author)

Nascap-2k Version 4.2 Scientific Documentation

Science.gov (United States)

2014-10-31

electric and magnetic fields inside the sheath. The sheath surface is taken as the equipotential surface at φ = ±θln2. This choice is made because the...models used in the surface charging, potential solution, and particle tracking portions of the code. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Nascap-2k, Spacecraft...PHYSICAL MODELS ............................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Surface Charging from

Different metabolic profiles of K1 serotype and non-serotype K1 and K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in oral infection mice model.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Nan; Wang, Lin-Lin; Xue, Juan; Ma, Xiang-Bo; Zhao, Sheng; Rong, Rui-Xue; Li, Hong-Quan; Ding, Liang; Zheng, Ming-Zhi; Chen, Ying-Ying; Duan, Fei; Shen, Yue-Liang

2014-10-01

K1 or K2 serotype Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate caused clinical pyogenic liver abscess (KLA) infection is prevalent in many areas. It has been identified that K1 or K2 serotype K. pneumoniae isolates caused KLA infection in mice by oral inoculation. In our study, K1 serotype K. pneumoniae isolate Kp1002 with hypermucoviscosity (HV)-positive phenotype caused KLA infection in C57BL/6 mice by oral inoculation. Simultaneously, non-serotype K1 and K2 isolate Kp1014 with HV-negative phenotype failed to cause KLA infection in the same manner. It seems that gastrointestinal tract translocation is the pathway by which K1 or K2 serotype K. pneumoniae caused KLA infection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to further analyze metabolic profile changes in mice with KLA infection. Data showed that after Kp1002 or Kp1014 oral inoculation, serum Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels significantly changed in mice. Some PC and LPC molecules showed changes both in the Kp1002 KLA group and the Kp1014 no-KLA group compared with the control group. The level of 18:1/18:2-PC significantly changed in the Kp1002 KLA group compared with the control group, but showed no change between the Kp1014 no-KLA group and the control group. The level of 18:1/18:2-PC might have been particularly affected by KLA infection caused by K1 serotype K. pneumoniae Kp1002. It may be a potential biomarker for KLA infection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A kinetic study on the catalysis of KCl, K2SO4, and K2CO3 during oxy-biomass combustion.

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Shuanghui; Wang, Xuebin; Zhang, Jiaye; Liu, Zihan; Mikulčić, Hrvoje; Vujanović, Milan; Tan, Houzhang; Duić, Neven

2018-07-15

Biomass combustion under the oxy-fuel conditions (Oxy-biomass combustion) is one of the approaches achieving negative CO 2 emissions. KCl, K 2 CO 3 and K 2 SO 4 , as the major potassium species in biomass ash, can catalytically affect biomass combustion. In this paper, the catalysis of the representative potassium salts on oxy-biomass combustion was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Effects of potassium salt types (KCl, K 2 CO 3 and K 2 SO 4 ), loading concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 8 wt%), replacing N 2 by CO 2 , and O 2 concentrations (5, 20, 30 vol%) on the catalysis degree were discussed. The comparison between TG-DTG curves of biomass combustion before and after water washing in both the 20%O 2 /80%N 2 and 20%O 2 /80%CO 2 atmospheres indicates that the water-soluble minerals in biomass play a role in promoting the devolatilization and accelerating the char-oxidation; and the replacement of N 2 by CO 2 inhibits the devolatilization and char-oxidation processes during oxy-biomass combustion. In the devolatilization stage, the catalysis degree of potassium monotonously increases with the increase of potassium salt loaded concentration. The catalysis degree order of the studied potassium salts is K 2 CO 3  > KCl > K 2 SO 4 . In the char-oxidation stage, with the increase of loading concentration the three kinds of potassium salts present inconsistent change tendencies of the catalysis degree. In the studied loading concentrations from 0 to 8 wt%, there is an optimal loading concentration for KCl and K 2 CO 3 , at 3 and 5 wt%, respectively; while for K 2 SO 4 , the catalysis degree on char-oxidation monotonically increases with the loading potassium concentration. For most studied conditions, regardless of the potassium salt types or the loading concentrations or the combustion stages, the catalysis degree in the O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere is stronger than that in the O 2 /N 2 atmosphere. The catalysis degree is also affected by the O 2

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of monochloroacetophenone isomers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A.V.; Amaral, Luisa M.P.F.

2010-01-01

The standard (p 0 =0.1MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of the liquids 2'-, 3'-, and 4'-chloroacetophenones were derived from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, to yield CO 2 (g) and HCl . 600H 2 O(l), at T = 298.15 K, measured by rotating-bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet microcalorimetry was used to measure the enthalpies of vaporization of the three compounds. These two thermodynamic parameters yielded the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the chloroacetophenone isomers, in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K. (table) An empirical scheme, developed by Cox, was used to estimate the gas-phase enthalpies of formation and the obtained values were compared with the experimental ones.

A 2.5-kW industrial CO2 laser

Science.gov (United States)

Golov, V. K.; Ivanchenko, A. I.; Krasheninnikov, V. V.; Ponomarenko, A. G.; Shepelenko, A. A.

1986-06-01

A fast-flow laser is reported in which the active medium is excited by a self-sustained dc discharge produced by an electric-discharge device with nonsectioned electrodes. In the laser, two discharge gaps are formed by a flat anode and two cathodes, one on each side of the anode. A gas mixture is driven through the gasdynamic channel by a centrifugal fan rotating at 6000 rpm/min. With a mixture of CO2:N2:He = 2.5:7.5:5 mm Hg, the rated power is 2.5 kW; the maximum power is 4 kW with the mixture 2.5:7.5:10 mm Hg. The general design of the laser is described, and its principal performance characteristics are given.

Design, construction, and operation of SciFi tracking detector for K2K experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, A.; Park, H.; Aoki, S.; Echigo, S.; Fujii, K.; Hara, T.; Iwashita, T.; Kitamura, M.; Kohama, M.; Kume, G.; Onchi, M.; Otaki, T.; Sato, K.; Takatsuki, M.; Takenaka, K.; Tanaka, Y.; Tashiro, K.; Inagaki, T.; Kato, I.; Mukai, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nishikawa, K.; Sasao, N.; Shima, A.; Yokoyama, H.; Chikamatsu, T.; Hayato, Y.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Ishino, H.; Jeon, E.J.; Kobayashi, T.; Lee, S.B.; Nakamura, K.; Oyama, Y.; Sakai, A.; Sakuda, M.; Tumakov, V.; Fukuda, S.; Fukuda, Y.; Ishizuka, M.; Itow, Y.; Kajita, T.; Kameda, J.; Kaneyuki, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Kobayashi, Y.; Koshio, Y.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Nakahata, M.; Nakayama, S.; Obayashi, Y.; Okada, A.; Sakurai, N.; Shiozawa, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Takeuchi, H.; Takeuchi, Y.; Totsuka, Y.; Toshito, T.; Yamada, S.; Miyano, K.; Nakamura, M.; Tamura, N.; Nakano, I.; Yoshida, M.; Kadowaki, T.; Kishi, S.; Yokoyama, H.; Maruyama, T.; Etoh, M.; Nishijima, K.; Bhang, H.C.; Khang, B.H.; Kim, B.J.; Kim, H.I.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, S.B.; So, H.; Yoo, J.H.; Choi, J.H.; Jang, H.I.; Jang, J.S.; Kim, J.Y.; Lim, I.T.; Pac, M.Y.; Kearns, E.; Scholberg, K.; Stone, J.L.; Sulak, L.R.; Walter, C.W.; Casper, D.; Gajewski, W.; Kropp, W.; Mine, S.; Sobel, H.; Vagins, M.; Matsuno, S.; Hill, J.; Jung, C.K.; Martens, K.; Mauger, C.; McGrew, C.; Sharkey, E.; Yanagisawa, C.; Berns, H.; Boyd, S.; Wilkes, J.; Kielczewska, D.; Golebiewska, U.

2000-01-01

We describe the construction and performance of a scintillating fiber detector used in the near detector for the K2K (KEK to Kamioka, KEK E362) long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. The detector uses 3.7 m long and 0.692 mm diameter scintillating fiber coupled to image-intensifier tubes (IIT), and a CCD camera readout system. Fiber sheet production and detector construction began in 1997, and the detector was commissioned in March 1999. Results from the first K2K runs confirm good initial performance: position resolution is estimated to be about 0.8 mm, and track finding efficiency is 98±2% for long tracks (i.e., those which intersect more than 5 fiber planes). The hit efficiency was estimated to be 92±2% using cosmic-ray muons, after noise reduction at the offline stage. The possibility of using the detector for particle identification is also discussed

Study of the Synchrotron Photoionization Oxidation of 2-Methylfuran Initiated by O(3P) under Low-Temperature Conditions at 550 and 650 K.

Science.gov (United States)

Fathi, Yasmin; Meloni, Giovanni

2017-09-21

The O-( 3 P)-initiated oxidation of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) was investigated using vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Reaction species were studied by multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at 550 and 650 K. The oxygen addition pathway is favored in this reaction, forming four triplet diradicals that undergo intersystem crossing into singlet epoxide species that lead to the formation of products at m/z 30 (formaldehyde), 42 (propene), 54 (1-butyne, 1,3-butadiene, and 2-butyne), and 70 (2-butenal, methyl vinyl ketone, and 3-butenal). Mass-to-charge ratios, photoionization spectra, and adiabatic ionization energies for each primary reaction species were obtained and used to characterize their identities. In addition, by means of electronic structure calculations, potential energy surface scans of the different species produced throughout the oxidation were examined to further validate the primary chemistry occurring. Branching fractions for the formation of the primary products were calculated at the two temperatures and contribute 81.0 ± 21.4% at 550 K and 92.1 ± 25.5% at 650 K.

Characterisation and Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics in the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 System for Dental Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naruporn Monmaturapoj

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This work proposes four different glass formulas derived from the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system to investigate the effect of glass composition on their crystal formations and properties. Glass LD1 was SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system with the addition of P2O5 and CaF2 as nucleating agents. In Glass LD2, a slight amount of MgO was mixed in order to increase the viscosity of the melting glass. Finally, the important factor of Si : Li ratio was increased in Glasses LD3 and LD4 with compositions otherwise the same as LD1 and LD2. The results found that P2O5 and CaF2 served as a nucleating site for lithium phosphate and fluorapatite to encourage heterogenous nucleation and produce a fine-grained interlocking microstructure of lithium disilicate glass ceramics. MgO content in this system seemed to increase the viscosity of the melting glass and thermal expansion coefficient including the chemical solubility. Increasing the Si : Li ratio in glass compositions resulted in the change of the microstructure of Li2Si2O5 crystals.

CCT-K2.1: NRC/VNIIFTRI bilateral comparison of capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers from 13.8 K to 273.16 K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hill, K.D.; Steele, A.G. [National Research Council of Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa, ON (Canada); Dedikov, Y.A.; Shkraba, V.T. [Institute for Physical-Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements (VNIIFTRI), Moscow (Russian Federation)

2005-04-01

The Consultative Committee for Thermometry Key Comparison 2 (CCT-K2) results were published two years ago (2002 Metrologia 39 551-71). NRC served as the pilot laboratory for CCT-K2 and remains able to provide a scale and measurement system suitable for performing bilateral comparisons linked to the original key comparison results. In March 2003, measurements of two VNIIFTRI 100 {omega} capsule-style platinum resistance thermometers (CSPRTs), S/N 356 and 476, were undertaken to relate their local calibration to the results from the CCT-K2 exercise. The NRC Leeds and Northrup (L and N) CSPRT S/N 1872174 provides the link to the CCT-K2 results. The three CSPRTs were compared at the eight defining cryogenic temperatures of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) in the range from 13.8033 K to 273.16 K. The reader is referred to the full text of the CCT-K2 report for a detailed explanation of the methodology employed for the comparison. Only the details unique to the measurements reported here will be addressed in this article. The NRC/VNIIFTRI bilateral comparison of capsule-style platinum resistance thermometers over the range 13.8 K to 273.16 K has revealed calibrations at VNIIFTRI to be in agreement with the KCRV of CCT-K2 within the expanded uncertainty for all temperatures of the comparison with the exception of the triple point of hydrogen at 13.8033 K. One of the two CSPRTs supplied by VNIIFTRI was found to be discrepant as revealed by differences at the triple point of water and at the lowest temperatures of the comparison, and was therefore excluded from further analysis. The linkage to the CCT-K2 data supports the evaluation of the VNIIFTRI CMCs in Appendix C of the KCDB. (authors)

Involvement of cyclin K posttranscriptional regulation in the formation of Artemia diapause cysts.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Zhao

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Artemia eggs tend to develop ovoviviparously to yield nauplius larvae in good rearing conditions; while under adverse situations, they tend to develop oviparously and encysted diapause embryos are formed instead. However, the intrinsic mechanisms regulating this process are not well understood. PRINCIPAL FINDING: This study has characterized the function of cyclin K, a regulatory subunit of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb in the two different developmental pathways of Artemia. In the diapause-destined embryo, Western blots showed that the cyclin K protein was down-regulated as the embryo entered dormancy and reverted to relatively high levels of expression once development resumed, consistent with the fluctuations in phosphorylation of position 2 serines (Ser2 in the C-terminal domain (CTD of the largest subunit (Rpb1 of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II. Interestingly, the cyclin K transcript levels remained constant during this process. In vitro translation data indicated that the template activity of cyclin K mRNA stored in the postdiapause cyst was repressed. In addition, in vivo knockdown of cyclin K in developing embryos by RNA interference eliminated phosphorylation of the CTD Ser2 of RNAP II and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK survival signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, these findings reveal a role for cyclin K in regulating RNAP II activity during diapause embryo development, which involves the post-transcriptional regulation of cyclin K. In addition, a further role was identified for cyclin K in regulating the control of cell survival during embryogenesis through ERK signaling pathways.

QM/MM Calculations with deMon2k

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dennis R. Salahub

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The density functional code deMon2k employs a fitted density throughout (Auxiliary Density Functional Theory, which offers a great speed advantage without sacrificing necessary accuracy. Powerful Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical (QM/MM approaches are reviewed. Following an overview of the basic features of deMon2k that make it efficient while retaining accuracy, three QM/MM implementations are compared and contrasted. In the first, deMon2k is interfaced with the CHARMM MM code (CHARMM-deMon2k; in the second MM is coded directly within the deMon2k software; and in the third the Chemistry in Ruby (Cuby wrapper is used to drive the calculations. Cuby is also used in the context of constrained-DFT/MM calculations. Each of these implementations is described briefly; pros and cons are discussed and a few recent applications are described briefly. Applications include solvated ions and biomolecules, polyglutamine peptides important in polyQ neurodegenerative diseases, copper monooxygenases and ultra-rapid electron transfer in cryptochromes.

Exon resequencing of H3K9 methyltransferase complex genes, EHMT1, EHTM2 and WIZ, in Japanese autism subjects

OpenAIRE

Balan, Shabeesh; Iwayama, Yoshimi; Maekawa, Motoko; Toyota, Tomoko; Ohnishi, Tetsuo; Toyoshima, Manabu; Shimamoto, Chie; Esaki, Kayoko; Yamada, Kazuo; Iwata, Yasuhide; Suzuki, Katsuaki; Ide, Masayuki; Ota, Motonori; Fukuchi, Satoshi; Tsujii, Masatsugu

2014-01-01

Background Histone H3 methylation at lysine 9 (H3K9) is a conserved epigenetic signal, mediating heterochromatin formation by trimethylation, and transcriptional silencing by dimethylation. Defective GLP (Ehmt1) and G9a (Ehmt2) histone lysine methyltransferases, involved in mono and dimethylation of H3K9, confer autistic phenotypes and behavioral abnormalities in animal models. Moreover, EHMT1 loss of function results in Kleefstra syndrome, characterized by severe intellectual disability, dev...

The enthalpies of formation of two dibenzocyclooctadienones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perisanu, St.; Contineanu, Iulia; Banciu, M.D.; Liebman, Joel F.; Farivar, Behzad S.; Mullan, Melissa A.; Chickos, James S.; Rath, Nigam; Hillesheim, Dorothea M

2003-04-17

The standard molar enthalpies of formation ({delta}{sub f}H{sub m}{sup 0}(s)/kJ mol{sup -1}) for 2,3:6,7-dibenzocycloocta-2,6-dien-1-one and 2,3:7,8-dibenzocycloocta-2,7-dien-1-one [6H-11,12-dihydro-dibenzo[a,e]cycloocten-5-one (ketone 1) and 10H-11,12-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]-cycloocten-5-one (ketone 2), respectively] were derived from enthalpies of combustion, measured by means of a microbomb calorimeter. The fusion and vaporization enthalpies of these compounds were obtained from DSC and correlation gas chromatography measurements. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gas phase were calculated by combining the condensed phase standard molar enthalpies of formation with the fusion and vaporization enthalpies adjusted to 298.15 K. Values for {delta}{sub f}H{sub m}{sup 0}(g) of (-39.9{+-}5.5) and (-14.8{+-}5.3) kJ mol{sup -1} were obtained for 2,3:6,7-dibenzocycloocta-2,6-dien-1-one and 2,3:7,8-dibenzocycloocta-2,7-dien-1-one, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations are reported for the compounds investigated experimentally and an additional four isomers. Isomerization enthalpies are derived from computed energies. The enthalpies of formation are also calculated by group additivity, compared with the experimental values and then correlated with the structure of the molecules investigated. The X-ray analysis of ketone 1 is also reported.

The enthalpies of formation of two dibenzocyclooctadienones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perisanu, St.; Contineanu, Iulia; Banciu, M.D.; Liebman, Joel F.; Farivar, Behzad S.; Mullan, Melissa A.; Chickos, James S.; Rath, Nigam; Hillesheim, Dorothea M.

2003-01-01

The standard molar enthalpies of formation (Δ f H m 0 (s)/kJ mol -1 ) for 2,3:6,7-dibenzocycloocta-2,6-dien-1-one and 2,3:7,8-dibenzocycloocta-2,7-dien-1-one [6H-11,12-dihydro-dibenzo[a,e]cycloocten-5-one (ketone 1) and 10H-11,12-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]-cycloocten-5-one (ketone 2), respectively] were derived from enthalpies of combustion, measured by means of a microbomb calorimeter. The fusion and vaporization enthalpies of these compounds were obtained from DSC and correlation gas chromatography measurements. The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gas phase were calculated by combining the condensed phase standard molar enthalpies of formation with the fusion and vaporization enthalpies adjusted to 298.15 K. Values for Δ f H m 0 (g) of (-39.9±5.5) and (-14.8±5.3) kJ mol -1 were obtained for 2,3:6,7-dibenzocycloocta-2,6-dien-1-one and 2,3:7,8-dibenzocycloocta-2,7-dien-1-one, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations are reported for the compounds investigated experimentally and an additional four isomers. Isomerization enthalpies are derived from computed energies. The enthalpies of formation are also calculated by group additivity, compared with the experimental values and then correlated with the structure of the molecules investigated. The X-ray analysis of ketone 1 is also reported

Electrochemical Behavior of Molten V2O5-K2S2O7-KHSO4 Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petrushina, Irina; Bjerrum, Niels; Berg, Rolf W.

1997-01-01

The electrochemical behavior of K2S2O7-KHSO4-V2O5, K2S2O7-V2O4 and K2S2O7-KHSO4-V2O4 melts was studied in argon and SO2/air atmospheres using a gold electrode. In order to identify the voltammetric waves due to KHSO4, molten KHSO4 and mixtures of K2S2O7-KHSO4 were investigated by voltammetry...

Design of a large 2.0 k refrigerator for CEBAF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parish, H.; Hood, C.; Kreinbrink, K.; Appleton, W.; Gistau, G.

1991-01-01

The CEBAF refrigerator is designed to produce 4,620 watts of refrigeration at 2.0 K, another 180 watts at 2.14 K plus 4.5 K liquid and higher temperature cooling for shields. Several design features are described, including a modular concept for the 2 K and 4.5 K refrigerator sections and the use of multistage centrifugal cryogenic compressors to achieve the 2 K. The development program for the centrifugal cryogenic compressors is discussed. Some startup information is also provided

Myosin XI-Dependent Formation of Tubular Structures from Endoplasmic Reticulum Isolated from Tobacco Cultured BY-2 Cells1[W][OA

Science.gov (United States)

Yokota, Etsuo; Ueda, Haruko; Hashimoto, Kohsuke; Orii, Hidefumi; Shimada, Tomoo; Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko; Shimmen, Teruo

2011-01-01

The reticular network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubular and lamellar elements and is arranged in the cortical region of plant cells. This network constantly shows shape change and remodeling motion. Tubular ER structures were formed when GTP was added to the ER vesicles isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured BY-2 cells expressing ER-localized green fluorescent protein. The hydrolysis of GTP during ER tubule formation was higher than that under conditions in which ER tubule formation was not induced. Furthermore, a shearing force, such as the flow of liquid, was needed for the elongation/extension of the ER tubule. The shearing force was assumed to correspond to the force generated by the actomyosin system in vivo. To confirm this hypothesis, the S12 fraction was prepared, which contained both cytosol and microsome fractions, including two classes of myosins, XI (175-kD myosin) and VIII (BY-2 myosin VIII-1), and ER-localized green fluorescent protein vesicles. The ER tubules and their mesh-like structures were arranged in the S12 fraction efficiently by the addition of ATP, GTP, and exogenous filamentous actin. The tubule formation was significantly inhibited by the depletion of 175-kD myosin from the S12 fraction but not BY-2 myosin VIII-1. Furthermore, a recombinant carboxyl-terminal tail region of 175-kD myosin also suppressed ER tubule formation. The tips of tubules moved along filamentous actin during tubule elongation. These results indicated that the motive force generated by the actomyosin system contributes to the formation of ER tubules, suggesting that myosin XI is responsible not only for the transport of ER in cytoplasm but also for the reticular organization of cortical ER. PMID:21427277

Y2K compliance countdown.

Science.gov (United States)

Arlotto, P W

1999-01-01

The new century brings unique challenges--especially Y2K compliance. This article presents nurse managers and executives with an overview of the issues and action steps to keep their organizations on track.

Formation pathways in the synthesis and properties of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.9Ba0.1)2Ca2Cu3Oz and (Tl0.5Pb0.5)(Sr0.8Ba0.2)2Ca2Cu3Oz-1223 superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auinger, M; Gritzner, G; Bertrand, Ch; Galez, Ph; Soubeyroux, J-L

2007-01-01

The formation pathway of (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.9 Ba 0.1 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z and (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )(Sr 0.8 Ba 0.2 ) 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O z was studied by neutron and x-ray diffraction. The following reaction pathway was proposed: thallium oxide and lead oxide react with Sr-rich (Sr 1-x Ca x )CuO 2 and Ca-rich (Ca x Sr 1-x )O to form Sr 4 Tl 2 O 7 and (Ca x Sr 1-x )PbO 3 , respectively. The thallate and the plumbate compounds then form the (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 phase starting at a temperature of 600 deg. C. Finally, between 850 and 900 deg. C, the 1223 phase is formed from (Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 )-1212 (Ca x Sr 1-x ) 2 CuO 3 and CuO. Parallel experiments to fabricate the (Tl, Pb)-1223 superconductor resulted in specimens with critical temperatures of 117.5 K and 116 K, respectively, and transition widths of 2 K. Differences between the pathways for the formation of Pb-doped, Sr-rich and Pb-free, Ba-rich Tl-1223 superconductors are discussed

Specificity of the Spectrophotometry for Detecting Aminopolyether K2.2.2 in 18F-FDG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ZHANG Jin-ming

2015-11-01

Full Text Available 氨基聚醚(K2.2.2含量是18F-FDG质控中的关键指标，比较了两种常用测量K2.2.2方法的专属性。分别采用分光光度计和半定量TLC 碘显色法测量了14个样品，其中9个阴性样品、2个阳性样品和3个供试品，并与LC-MS/MS测量对比。结果显示：9个阴性样品经分光光度计法测量均为阳性，K2.2.2的测量结果在6.7～470.0 μg/mL；2个阳性样品结果偏高（53，73 μg/mL），3个供试品的K2.2.2含量在14.3~19.2 μg/mL；半定量TLC 碘显色法测量9个阴性样品结果为阴性,2个阳性样品半定量结果与实际一致,3个供试品的K2.2.2含量低于10 μg/mL;LC-MS/MS法测量的14个样品的结果与半定量TLC 碘显色法的结果一致。以上结果表明，半定量TLC 碘显色法测量K2.2.2的专属性较好，适用于测量18F-FDG溶液中K2.2.2含量。

The exoplanet population revealed by K2

Science.gov (United States)

Barentsen, Geert; Dotson, Jessie; Colon, Knicole; Hedges, Christina; Team K2

2018-01-01

NASA's K2 survey has expanded the legacy of the Kepler mission by using the repurposed spacecraft to probe short-period planets around a more diverse population of stars: probing nearby dwarfs through distant giants; young pre-main sequence stars through evolved white dwarfs; halo stars through bulge members. I will review the star and planet population sampled by K2 across 16 fields so far, highlighting several characteristics, caveats, and unexplored uses of the public data set along the way. With fuel expected to run out in 2018, I will discuss the closing Campaigns, highlight the final target selection opportunities, and explain the data archive and TESS-compatible software tools the K2 mission intends to leave behind for posterity.

Glycosaminoglycans enhance the fibrillation propensity of the ß2-microglobulin cleavage variant--¿K58-ß2m

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Corlin, Dorthe B; Johnsen, Christina K; Nissen, Mogens H

2010-01-01

when heparan sulfate is present have increased length and diameter, and possess enhanced stability and seeding properties. However, when copper ions are present the fibrils are short, thin and less stable, and form at a slower rate. We suggest that heparan sulfate stabilizes the cleaved monomers...... in the early aggregates, hereby promoting the assembly of these into fibrils, whereas the copper ions appear to have a destabilizing effect on the monomers. This keeps them in a structure forming amorphous aggregates for a longer period of time, leading to the formation of spherical bodies followed...... by the assembly of fibrils. Hence, the in vivo formation of amyloid fibrils in DRA could be initiated by the generation of ¿K58-ß2m which spontaneously aggregate and form fibrils. The fibrillogenesis is enhanced by the involvement of GAGs and/or metal ions, and results in amyloid-like fibrils able to promote...

Enthalpy of Formation of N ₂ H ₄ (Hydrazine) Revisited

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feller, David [Department; Bross, David H. [Chemical; Ruscic, Branko [Chemical; Computation

2017-08-02

In order to address the accuracy of the long-standing experimental enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, fully confirmed in earlier versions of Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), the provenance of that value is re-examined in light of new high-end calculations of the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) variety. An overly optimistic determination of the vaporization enthalpy of hydrazine, which created an unrealistically strong connection between the gas phase thermochemistry and the calorimetric results defining the thermochemistry of liquid hydrazine was identified as the probable culprit. The new enthalpy of formation of gas-phase hydrazine, based on balancing all available knowledge, was determined to be 111.57 ± 0.47 kJ/mol at 0 K (97.41 kJ/mol at 298.15 K). Close agreement was found between the ATcT (even excluding the latest theoretical result) and FPD enthalpies.

Final design of kaon beam K2 at KEK

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurokawa, Shin-ichi; Yamamoto, Akira.

1977-09-01

Final design of the 2.3 GeV/c kaon beam K2 is given. The K2 beam starts from the production target in slow extracted beam. Momentum range is 1 GeV/c through 2.3 GeV/c. Nominal total beam length is 27.9 m and solid-angle momentum acceptance is 6.25 msr%ΔP/P. Using a platinum target of diameter 3 mm and length 6 cm, 2.0 GeV/c beam fluxes of 1.0 x 10 6 K + and 5.2 x 10 5 K - per 10 12 13 GeV/c incident protons are expected at the final focus. (auth.)

New results from T2K

Science.gov (United States)

Longhin, A.

2017-12-01

The T2K experiment is a 295-km long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan employing an off-axis muon neutrino beam with a 0.6 GeV peak energy. The beam, produced from 30-GeV protons at the J-PARC complex on the Pacific coast, is directed to the Super-Kamiokande detector. T2K released the first long-baseline measurement of a nonzero value for the θ13 mixing parameter through the observation of electron neutrino appearance (vµ → ve) and produced the most precise measurement of θ23 through the observation of muon neutrino disappearance (vµ → vµ). T2K data, in combination with reactor experiments, also excludes at 90% C.L. a significant region of the Dirac CP phase: δCP -0.49(-0.98) for the normal (inverted) hierarchy. A full joint appearance and disappearance fit including both neutrino (7×1020 protons on target, PoT) and anti-neutrino (4 × 1020 PoT) data and, for the first time, a constraint from water target data in the near detector, is presented yielding improved sensitivity on δCP and improved precision on sin2 2θ23 and the atmospheric mass splitting.

The formation mechanism of a textured ceramic of thermoelectric [Ca2CoO3](0.62)[CoO2] on beta-Co(OH)2 templates through in situ topotactic conversion.

Science.gov (United States)

Itahara, Hiroshi; Seo, Won-Seon; Lee, Sujeong; Nozaki, Hiroshi; Tani, Toshihiko; Koumoto, Kunihito

2005-05-04

We investigated the formation mechanism of thermoelectric [Ca(2)CoO(3)](0.62)[CoO(2)] (CCO) on beta-Co(OH)(2) templates with maintained orientations by identifying the intermediate phases and specifying the relationship between their crystallographic orientations. We mixed beta-Co(OH)(2) templates with the complementary reactant CaCO(3) and prepared a compact by tape casting, with the developed (001) plane of the templates aligned along the casting plane. High-temperature XRD of the compact revealed that beta-Co(OH)(2) decomposed into Co(3)O(4) by 873 K, and Co(3)O(4) reacted with CaO to form CCO by 1193 K via the formation of the newly detected intermediate phase beta-Na(x)()CoO(2)-type Ca(x)()CoO(2) at 913-973 K. Pole figure measurements and SEM and TEM observations revealed that the relationship between the crystallographic planes was (001) beta-Co(OH)(2)//{111} Co(3)O(4)//(001) Ca(x)()CoO(2)//(001) CCO. The crystal structures of the four materials possess the common CoO(2) layer (or similar), which is composed of edge-sharing CoO(6) octahedra, parallel to the planes. The cross-sectional HRTEM analysis of an incompletely reacted specimen showed transient lattice images from Ca(x)()CoO(2) into CCO, in which every other CoO(2) layer of Ca(x)()CoO(2) was preserved. Thus, it was demonstrated that a textured CCO ceramic is produced through a series of in situ topotactic conversion reactions with a preserved CoO(2) layer of its template.

Construction of non-viral vector (mPEG5k-PCL1.2k)1.4-g-PEI10k and its gene delivery efficacy in vitro