Remark on the Ansatz for IR behaviour of gluon propagator in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tran Huu Phat; Nguyen Tuan Anh.

1996-10-01

It is shown that if in the IR region the gluon propagator of QCD behaves like D(k) = μ 2 δ(k) then the minimum of effective potential would correspond to the vanishing value of μ in the global color symmetry model (GCS) of QCD. (author). 10 refs, 1 fig

Non-equilibrium QCD of high-energy multi-gluon dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geiger, K.

1996-01-01

A non-equilibrium QCD description of multiparticle dynamics in space-time is of both fundamental and phenomenological interest. Here the authors discusses an attempt to derive from first principles, a real-time formalism to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The ultimate goal (from which one is still far away) is to have a practically applicable description of the space-time evolution of a general initial system of gluons and quarks, characterized by some large energy or momentum scale, that expands, diffuses and dissipates according to the self- and mutual-interactions, and eventually converts dynamically into final state hadrons. For example, the evolution of parton showers in the mechanism of parton-hadron conversion in high-energy hadronic collisions, or, the description of formation, evolution and freezeout of a quark-gluon plasma, in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with quark and gluon condensates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1991-01-01

We present a systematic study of the role of the nonperturbative gluon condensate arising in a QCD-motivated NJL model. The effects of the gluon condensate on induced meson couplings, the pion decay constant, quark condensate and mass formulae are investigated. An interesting result is the change of the scale Λ of chiral symmetry breaking and of the universal four-quark coupling κ. (orig.)

Monte Carlo evidence for the gluon-chain model of QCD string formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greensite, J.; San Francisco State Univ., CA

1988-08-01

The Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the overlaps string vertical stroken gluons>, where Ψ string [A] is the Yang-Mills wavefunctional due to a static quark-antiquark pair, and vertical stroken gluons > are orthogonal trial states containing n=0, 1, or 2 gluon operators multiplying the true ground state. The calculation is carried out for SU(2) lattice gauge theory in Coulomb gauge, in D=4 dimensions. It is found that the string state is dominated, at small qanti q separations, by the vacuum ('no-gluon') state, at larger separations by the 1-gluon state, and, at the largest separations attempted, the 2-gluon state begins to dominate. This behavior is in qualitative agreement with the gluon-chain model, which is a large-N colors motivated theory of QCD string formation. (orig.)

QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with quark and gluon condensates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1991-01-01

A systematic study of the role of the nonperturbative gluon condensate arising in a QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is presented. The effects of the gluon condensate on induced meson couplings, the pion decay constant, quark condensate and mass formulae are investigated. An interesting result is the change of the scale Λ of chiral symmetry breaking and of the universal four-quark coupling constant κ. 20 refs

Bogoliubov condensation of gluons and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pervushin, V.N.; Roepke, G.; Volkov, M.K.; Blaschke, D.; Pavel, H.P.; Litvin, A.

1995-08-01

The ''squeezed'' representation of commutation relations for gluon fields in QCD is formulated as the mathematical tool for the description of the gluon condensate. We first consider λφ 4 theory and show that the ''squeezed'' Bogoliubov condensate can lead to the spontaneous appearance of a mass. Using the ''squeezed'' representation, we show that in the non-Abelian theory spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking (SGSB) and the appearance of a constituent mass of gluons can be described. We construct a projector onto the oscillator - like variables, for which the ''squeezed'' representation is valid, by using the formal solution of the Gauss equation instead of fixing a gauge. We discuss the effects of the SGSB and present as an application of the approach the calculation of the gluon mass from the difference of the η' and the η - meson masses. (author). 27 refs

Proceedings, QCD-TNT-III, From Quarks and Gluons to Hadronic Matter: A Bridge too Far?

CERN Document Server

2013-01-01

In the third edition of the QCD-TNT workshop the traditional focus of the last two editions (that is gaining a firmer grasp on the infrared behavior of the QCD Green's functions) will be slightly shifted towards attempts to implement the transition from the fundamental (quarks and gluons) to the effective (mesons and hadrons) degrees of freedom. So in addition to the traditional QCD-TNT themes (e.g., confinement, gluon mass generation, lattice simulations in different gauges, QCD at finite temperature and density) we plan to have more phenomenologically oriented topics (e.g., experimental reviews, determination of form factors from first principle, construction of Bethe-Salpeter kernels). In addition, a special session will be dedicated to review talks, summarizing the state-of-the-art, as well as highlighting the future perspectives, of simulating non-Abelian gauge fields using ultracold neutral atoms trapped in optical lattices, and other systems.

QCD in a nonsimply connected spacetime: The topological origin of flavours and topological gluon mass generation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncharov, Yu.P.

1982-01-01

In a spacetime having a nontrivial topology QCD may have properties which are absent for QCD in Minkowski spacetime. Two new possibilities for QCD are discussed by the example of spacetime with topology R x (S 1 ) 3 and flat metric: the topological origin of flavours and topological gluon mass generation. (orig.)

Pion form factor within QCD instanton vacuum model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dorokhov, A.E.

1997-01-01

Instanton induced pion wave function is constructed. It provides an intrinsic k 1 dependence which suppress soft virtual one-gluon exchanges and thus legitimate the perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the region of momentum transfers above the scale. (author)

A study of quark and gluon jets and of the long distance QCD force field at the Z0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gary, J.W.

1993-10-01

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is widely accepted as the correct theory of the strong nuclear force in elementary particle physics. The precision to which QCD has been tested is relatively limited, however, compared to the precision to which other interactions such as the electro-weak one have been tested. In part, this is because the large value of the QCD coupling constant, α s , renders theoretical calculations based on perturbation theory relatively imprecise. The confinement of quarks and gluons inside hadrons also leads to uncertainty because the theoretical predictions cannot, in general, be tested directly against the experimental measurements but are subject to hadronization corrections. From an experimental standpoint, it has proven difficult to isolate gluon jets inside multi-jet events in an unbiased manner so as to determine gluon jet properties using model independent methods. Basic quark-gluon interactions such as the four-jet matrix element in e + e - annihilations have been relatively untested due to the lack of a data sample with sufficient statistics. Perturbation theory has essentially nothing to say about the properties of the hadronization process itself. It is for these reasons that QCD has remained relatively untested

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and tests of QCD analytic predictions

CERN Document Server

Ackerstaff, K; Allison, J; Altekamp, N; Anderson, K J; Anderson, S; Arcelli, S; Asai, S; Axen, D A; Azuelos, Georges; Ball, A H; Barberio, E; Barlow, R J; Bartoldus, R; Batley, J Richard; Baumann, S; Bechtluft, J; Beeston, C; Behnke, T; Bell, A N; Bell, K W; Bella, G; Bentvelsen, Stanislaus Cornelius Maria; Bethke, Siegfried; Biebel, O; Biguzzi, A; Bird, S D; Blobel, Volker; Bloodworth, Ian J; Bloomer, J E; Bobinski, M; Bock, P; Bonacorsi, D; Boutemeur, M; Bouwens, B T; Braibant, S; Brigliadori, L; Brown, R M; Burckhart, Helfried J; Burgard, C; Bürgin, R; Capiluppi, P; Carnegie, R K; Carter, A A; Carter, J R; Chang, C Y; Charlton, D G; Chrisman, D; Clarke, P E L; Cohen, I; Conboy, J E; Cooke, O C; Cuffiani, M; Dado, S; Dallapiccola, C; Dallavalle, G M; Davis, R; De Jong, S; del Pozo, L A; Desch, Klaus; Dienes, B; Dixit, M S; do Couto e Silva, E; Doucet, M; Duchovni, E; Duckeck, G; Duerdoth, I P; Eatough, D; Edwards, J E G; Estabrooks, P G; Evans, H G; Evans, M; Fabbri, Franco Luigi; Fanti, M; Faust, A A; Fiedler, F; Fierro, M; Fischer, H M; Fleck, I; Folman, R; Fong, D G; Foucher, M; Fürtjes, A; Futyan, D I; Gagnon, P; Gary, J W; Gascon, J; Gascon-Shotkin, S M; Geddes, N I; Geich-Gimbel, C; Geralis, T; Giacomelli, G; Giacomelli, P; Giacomelli, R; Gibson, V; Gibson, W R; Gingrich, D M; Glenzinski, D A; Goldberg, J; Goodrick, M J; Gorn, W; Grandi, C; Gross, E; Grunhaus, Jacob; Gruwé, M; Hajdu, C; Hanson, G G; Hansroul, M; Hapke, M; Hargrove, C K; Hart, P A; Hartmann, C; Hauschild, M; Hawkes, C M; Hawkings, R; Hemingway, Richard J; Herndon, M; Herten, G; Heuer, R D; Hildreth, M D; Hill, J C; Hillier, S J; Hobson, P R; Homer, R James; Honma, A K; Horváth, D; Hossain, K R; Howard, R; Hüntemeyer, P; Hutchcroft, D E; Igo-Kemenes, P; Imrie, D C; Ingram, M R; Ishii, K; Jawahery, A; Jeffreys, P W; Jeremie, H; Jimack, Martin Paul; Joly, A; Jones, C R; Jones, G; Jones, M; Jost, U; Jovanovic, P; Junk, T R; Karlen, D A; Kartvelishvili, V G; Kawagoe, K; Kawamoto, T; Kayal, P I; Keeler, Richard K; Kellogg, R G; Kennedy, B W; Kirk, J; Klier, A; Kluth, S; Kobayashi, T; Kobel, M; Koetke, D S; Kokott, T P; Kolrep, M; Komamiya, S; Kress, T; Krieger, P; Von Krogh, J; Kyberd, P; Lafferty, G D; Lahmann, R; Lai, W P; Lanske, D; Lauber, J; Lautenschlager, S R; Layter, J G; Lazic, D; Lee, A M; Lefebvre, E; Lellouch, Daniel; Letts, J; Levinson, L; Lloyd, S L; Loebinger, F K; Long, G D; Losty, Michael J; Ludwig, J; Macchiolo, A; MacPherson, A L; Mannelli, M; Marcellini, S; Markus, C; Martin, A J; Martin, J P; Martínez, G; Mashimo, T; Mättig, P; McDonald, W J; McKenna, J A; McKigney, E A; McMahon, T J; McPherson, R A; Meijers, F; Menke, S; Merritt, F S; Mes, H; Meyer, J; Michelini, Aldo; Mikenberg, G; Miller, D J; Mincer, A; Mir, R; Mohr, W; Montanari, A; Mori, T; Morii, M; Müller, U; Mihara, S; Nagai, K; Nakamura, I; Neal, H A; Nellen, B; Nisius, R; O'Neale, S W; Oakham, F G; Odorici, F; Ögren, H O; Oh, A; Oldershaw, N J; Oreglia, M J; Orito, S; Pálinkás, J; Pásztor, G; Pater, J R; Patrick, G N; Patt, J; Pearce, M J; Pérez-Ochoa, R; Petzold, S; Pfeifenschneider, P; Pilcher, J E; Pinfold, J L; Plane, D E; Poffenberger, P R; Poli, B; Posthaus, A; Rees, D L; Rigby, D; Robertson, S; Robins, S A; Rodning, N L; Roney, J M; Rooke, A M; Ros, E; Rossi, A M; Routenburg, P; Rozen, Y; Runge, K; Runólfsson, O; Ruppel, U; Rust, D R; Rylko, R; Sachs, K; Saeki, T; Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, E; Sbarra, C; Schaile, A D; Schaile, O; Scharf, F; Scharff-Hansen, P; Schenk, P; Schieck, J; Schleper, P; Schmitt, B; Schmitt, S; Schöning, A; Schröder, M; Schultz-Coulon, H C; Schumacher, M; Schwick, C; Scott, W G; Shears, T G; Shen, B C; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C H; Sherwood, P; Siroli, G P; Sittler, A; Skillman, A; Skuja, A; Smith, A M; Snow, G A; Sobie, Randall J; Söldner-Rembold, S; Springer, R W; Sproston, M; Stephens, K; Steuerer, J; Stockhausen, B; Stoll, K; Strom, D; Szymanski, P; Tafirout, R; Talbot, S D; Tanaka, S; Taras, P; Tarem, S; Teuscher, R; Thiergen, M; Thomson, M A; Von Törne, E; Towers, S; Trigger, I; Trócsányi, Z L; Tsur, E; Turcot, A S; Turner-Watson, M F; Utzat, P; Van Kooten, R; Verzocchi, M; Vikas, P; Vokurka, E H; Voss, H; Wäckerle, F; Wagner, A; Ward, C P; Ward, D R; Watkins, P M; Watson, A T; Watson, N K; Wells, P S; Wermes, N; White, J S; Wilkens, B; Wilson, G W; Wilson, J A; Wolf, G; Wyatt, T R; Yamashita, S; Yekutieli, G; Zacek, V; Zer-Zion, D

1999-01-01

Gluon jets are identified in e+e- hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The charged particle multiplicity distribution of the gluon jets is presented, and is analyzed for its mean, dispersion, skew, and curtosis values, and for its factorial and cumulant moments. The results are compared to the analogous results found for a sample of light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. We observe differences between the mean, skew and curtosis values of gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant moment results are compared to the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observe...

Dual QCD thermodynamics and quark–gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandola, H.C.; Punetha, Garima; Dehnen, H.

2016-01-01

Using grand canonical ensemble formulation of a multi-particle statistical system, the thermodynamical description of dual QCD based on magnetic symmetry has been presented and analyzed for the quark–gluon plasma phase of hadronic matter. The dual QCD based bag construction has been shown to lead to the radial pressure on bag surface in terms of the vector glueball masses of magnetically condensed QCD vacuum. Constructing the grand canonical partition function, the energy density and plasma pressure have been derived and used to compute the critical temperatures for QGP–hadron phase transition along with its dynamics. A comparison of the values of critical temperatures for QGP–hadron phase transition with those obtained for the deconfinement-phase transition, has been shown to lead to either the relaxation of the system via a mixed phase of QGP and hot hadron gas or go through a crossover. The associated profiles of the normalized energy density and specific heat have been shown to lead to a large latent heat generation and indicate the onset of a first-order QGP phase transition which turns into a rapid crossover for the case of temperature dependent bag parameter. The squared speed of sound has been shown to act as a physical measure of large thermodynamical fluctuations near transition point. The possible implications of trace anomaly and conformal measure on QGP formation have also been discussed.

Properties of the quark gluon plasma from lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mages, Simon Wolfgang

2015-01-01

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction, the theory of the interaction between the constituents of composite elementary particles (hadrons). In the low energy regime of the theory, standard methods of theoretical physics like perturbative approaches break down due to a large value of the coupling constant. However, this is the region of most interest, where the degrees of freedom of QCD, the color charges, form color-neutral composite elementary particles, like protons and neutrons. Also the transition to more energetic states of matter like the quark gluon plasma (QGP), is difficult to investigate with perturbative approaches. A QGP is a state of strongly interacting matter, which existed shortly after the Big Bang and can be created with heavy ion collisions for example at the LHC at CERN. In a QGP the color charges of QCD are deconfined. This thesis explores ways how to use the non-perturbative approach of lattice QCD to determine properties of the QGP. It focuses mostly on observables which are derived from the energy momentum tensor, like two point correlation functions. In principle these contain information on low energy properties of the QGP like the shear and bulk viscosity and other transport coefficients. The thesis describes the lattice QCD simulations which are necessary to measure the correlation functions and proposes new methods to extract these low energy properties. The thesis also tries to make contact to another non-perturbative approach which is Improved Holographic QCD. The aim of this approach is to use the Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence to make statements about QCD with calculations of a five dimensional theory of gravity. This thesis contributes to that work by constraining the parameters of the model action by comparing the predictions with those of measurements with lattice QCD.

Impact of the strong electromagnetic field on the QCD effective potential for homogeneous Abelian gluon field configurations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galilo, Bogdan V.; Nedelko, Sergei N.

2011-01-01

The one-loop quark contribution to the QCD effective potential for the homogeneous Abelian gluon field in the presence of an external strong electromagnetic field is evaluated. The structure of extrema of the potential as a function of the angles between chromoelectric, chromomagnetic, and electromagnetic fields is analyzed. In this setup, the electromagnetic field is considered as an external one while the gluon field represents domain structured nonperturbative gluon configurations related to the QCD vacuum in the confinement phase. Two particularly interesting gluon configurations, (anti-)self-dual and crossed orthogonal chromomagnetic and chromoelectric fields, are discussed specifically. Within this simplified framework it is shown that the strong electromagnetic fields can play a catalyzing role for a deconfinement transition. At the qualitative level, the present consideration can be seen as a highly simplified study of an impact of the electromagnetic fields generated in relativistic heavy ion collisions on the strongly interacting hadronic matter.

QCD corrections for two jet production in photon-photon collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gastmans, R.; Berends, F.A.; Kunszt, Z.

1980-09-01

We present the calculation of the first order QCD corrections to the process γγ → q anti q, including virtual gluons and bremsstrahlung of soft and hard collinear gluons. The obtained cross section is then used to calculate the αsub(s) corrections to the process e + e - → e + e - + 2 jets. The numerical importance of hard acollinear gluons is also discussed. (orig.)

QCD description of high order factorial moments and Hq moments in quark and gluon jets and in e+e- annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lupia, S.

1999-01-01

The complete QCD evolution equation for factorial moments in quark and gluon jets is numerically solved with absolute normalization at threshold. Within the picture of Local Parton Hadron Duality, perturbative QCD predictions are compared with existing experimental data for the factorial cumulants, the factorial moments and their ratio both in quark and gluon jets and in e + e - annihilation. The main differences with previous approximate calculations are also pointed out. (author)

NLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson production plus three jets in gluon fusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cullen, G. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Deurzen, H. van; Greiner, N.; Luisoni, G.; Mirabella, E.; Peraro, T. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Muenchen (Germany); Mastrolia, P. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, Muenchen (Germany); Padova Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica e Astronomia; INFN, Sezione di Padova (Italy); Ossola, G. [New York Univ., NY (United States). New York City College of Technology; New York Univ., NY (United States). The Graduate School and University Center; Tramontano, F. [Napoli Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; INFN, Sezione di Napoli (Italy)

2013-07-15

We report on the calculation of the cross section for Higgs boson production in association with three jets via gluon fusion, at next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy in QCD, in the infinite top-mass approximation. After including the complete NLO QCD corrections, we observe a strong reduction in the scale dependence of the result, and an increased steepness in the transverse momentum distributions of both the Higgs and the leading jets. The results are obtained with the combined use of GoSam, Sherpa, and the MadDipole/MadEvent framework.

QCD description of high order factorial moments and H(q) moments in quark and gluon jets and in e+e- annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lupia, S.

1998-01-01

The complete QCD evolution equation for factorial moments in quark and gluon jets is numerically solved with absolute normalization at threshold. Within the picture of Local Parton Hadron Duality, perturbative QCD predictions are compared with existing experimental data for the factorial cumulants, the factorial moments and their ratio both in quark and gluon jets and in e + e - annihilation. The main differences with previous approximate calculations are also pointed out. (author)

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and tests of QCD analytic predictions

Science.gov (United States)

OPAL Collaboration; Ackerstaff, K.; et al.

Gluon jets are identified in e+e^- hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The charged particle multiplicity distribution of the gluon jets is presented, and is analyzed for its mean, dispersion, skew, and curtosis values, and for its factorial and cumulant moments. The results are compared to the analogous results found for a sample of light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. We observe differences between the mean, skew and curtosis values of gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant moment results are compared to the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the data compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets.

NNLO QCD corrections for the differential Higgs boson production cross-section in gluon fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anastasiou, Charalampos

2006-01-01

I describe a recent computation of the NNLO QCD corrections for the fully differential cross-section for Higgs boson production in the gluon fusion channel. This result is an application of a new method for calculating perturbative corrections beyond the next-to-leading order

Soft gluons and superleading logarithms in QCD

CERN Document Server

Forshaw, J R

2009-01-01

After a brief introduction to the physics of soft gluons in QCD we present a surprising prediction. Dijet production in hadron-hadron collisions provides the paradigm, i.e. h_1 +h_2 \\to jj+X. In particular, we look at the case where there is a restriction placed on the emission of any further jets in the region in between the primary (highest p_T) dijets. Logarithms in the ratio of the jet scale to the veto scale can be summed to all orders in the strong coupling. Surprisingly, factorization of collinear emissions fails at scales above the veto scale and triggers the appearance of double logarithms in the hard sub-process. The effect appears first at fourth order relative to the leading order prediction and is subleading in the number of colours.

Quantum field kinetics of QCD quark-gluon transport theory for light-cone dominated processes

CERN Document Server

Kinder-Geiger, Klaus

1996-01-01

A quantum kinetic formalism is developed to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of non-equilibrium multi-parton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The approach provides the means to follow the quantum dynamics in both space-time and energy-momentum, starting from an arbitrary initial configuration of high-momentum quarks and gluons. Using a generalized functional integral representation and adopting the `closed-time-path' Green function techniques, a self-consistent set of equations of motions is obtained: a Ginzburg-Landau equation for a possible color background field, and Dyson-Schwinger equations for the 2-point functions of the gluon and quark fields. By exploiting the `two-scale nature' of light-cone dominated QCD processes, i.e. the separation between the quantum scale that specifies the range of short-distance quantum fluctuations, and the kinetic scale that characterizes the range of statistical binary inter- actions, the quantum-field equations of ...

Two-Loop Gluon to Gluon-Gluon Splitting Amplitudes in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bern, Z.

2004-01-01

Splitting amplitudes are universal functions governing the collinear behavior of scattering amplitudes for massless particles. We compute the two-loop g → gg splitting amplitudes in QCD, N = 1, and N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theories, which describe the limits of two-loop n-point amplitudes where two gluon momenta become parallel. They also represent an ingredient in a direct x-space computation of DGLAP evolution kernels at next-to-next-to-leading order. To obtain the splitting amplitudes, we use the unitarity sewing method. In contrast to the usual light-cone gauge treatment, our calculation does not rely on the principal-value or Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescriptions, even though the loop integrals contain some of the denominators typically encountered in light-cone gauge. We reduce the integrals to a set of 13 master integrals using integration-by-parts and Lorentz invariance identities. The master integrals are computed with the aid of differential equations in the splitting momentum fraction z. The ε-poles of the splitting amplitudes are consistent with a formula due to Catani for the infrared singularities of two-loop scattering amplitudes. This consistency essentially provides an inductive proof of Catani's formula, as well as an ansatz for previously-unknown 1/ε pole terms having non-trivial color structure. Finite terms in the splitting amplitudes determine the collinear behavior of finite remainders in this formula

Off-shell gluon production in interaction of a projectile with 2 or 3 targets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braun, M.A.; Salykin, M.Yu. [Saint-Petersburg State University, Department of High Energy physics, Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation)

2017-07-15

Within the effective QCD action for the Regge kinematics, the amplitudes for virtual gluon emission are studied in collision of a projectile with two and three targets. It is demonstrated that all non-Feynman singularities cancel between induced vertices and rescattering contributions. Formulas simplify considerably in a special gauge, which is a straightforward generalization of the light-cone gauge for emission of real gluons. (orig.)

Inclusive gluon production in the QCD Reggeon field theory: Pomeron loops included

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Altinoluk, Tolga; Kovner, Alex; Lublinsky, Michael

2009-01-01

We continue the study of hadronic scattering amplitudes at high energy by systematically including nonlinear effects of finite partonic density in hadronic wave function as well as the effects of multiple rescatterings in the scattering process. In this paper we derive expressions for a single inclusive gluon production amplitude and multigluon inclusive production amplitudes when the rapidities of all observed gluons are not very different. We show that at leading order these observables exhibit a semiclassical structure. Beyond the semiclassical result, we find that the gluon emission has some characteristic features different from the JIMWLK and KLWMIJ limits in that the gluons are not emitted independently in rapidity space, but have a correlated component with correlation length (in rapidity space) of order one. We demonstrate the consistency between this feature of the multigluon observables and the Hamiltonian of the QCD Reggeon Field Theory (H RFT ) derived in the companion paper [1]. We also show that the evolution of these observables with total rapidity of the process is generated by H RFT of [1]. We discuss whether this evolution is equivalent to evolution with H JIMWLK as far as this set of observables is concerned.

Gluon attributes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weiler, T.

1981-01-01

An overview is presented of the attributes of gluons, deducible from experimental data. Particular attention is given to the photon-gluon fusion model of charm leptoproduction. The agreement with QCD and theoretical prejudice is qualitatively good

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and a test of QCD analytic calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gary, J. William

1999-01-01

Gluon jets are identified in e + e - hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The mean and first few higher moments of the gluon jet charged particle multiplicity distribution are compared to the analogous results found for light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. Large differences are observed between the mean, skew and curtosis values of the gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant factorial moments of the distributions are also measured, and are used to test the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the separated gluon and quark jet cumulant moments compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is good quantitative agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets. The data sample used is the LEP-1 sample of the OPAL experiment at LEP

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and a test of QCD analytic calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gary, J. William

1999-03-01

Gluon jets are identified in e{sup +}e{sup -} hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The mean and first few higher moments of the gluon jet charged particle multiplicity distribution are compared to the analogous results found for light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. Large differences are observed between the mean, skew and curtosis values of the gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant factorial moments of the distributions are also measured, and are used to test the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the separated gluon and quark jet cumulant moments compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is good quantitative agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets. The data sample used is the LEP-1 sample of the OPAL experiment at LEP.

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and a test of QCD analytic calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gary, J.W. [California Univ., Riverside, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics

1999-03-01

Gluon jets are identified in e{sup +}e{sup -} hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The mean and first few higher moments of the gluon jet charged particle multiplicity distribution are compared to the analogous results found for light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. Large differences are observed between the mean, skew and curtosis values of the gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant factorial moments of the distributions are also measured, and are used to test the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the separated gluon and quark jet cumulant moments compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is good quantitative agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets. The data sample used is the LEP-1 sample of the OPAL experiment at LEP. (orig.) 6 refs.

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and a test of QCD analytic calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gary, J.W.

1999-01-01

Gluon jets are identified in e + e - hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon jets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The mean and first few higher moments of the gluon jet charged particle multiplicity distribution are compared to the analogous results found for light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. Large differences are observed between the mean, skew and curtosis values of the gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant factorial moments of the distributions are also measured, and are used to test the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the separated gluon and quark jet cumulant moments compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is good quantitative agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets. The data sample used is the LEP-1 sample of the OPAL experiment at LEP. (orig.)

Multiplicity distributions of gluon and quark jets and a test of QCD analytic calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Gary, J. William

1999-03-01

Gluon jets are identified in e +e - hadronic annihilation events by tagging two quark jets in the same hemisphere of an event. The gluon jet is defined inclusively as all the particles in the opposite hemisphere. Gluon hets defined in this manner have a close correspondence to gluon jets as they are defined for analytic calculations, and are almost independent of a jet finding algorithm. The mean and first few higher moments of the gluon jet charged particle multiplicity distribution are compared to the analogous results found for light quark (uds) jets, also defined inclusively. Large differences are observed between the mean, skew and curtosis values of the gluon and quark jets, but not between their dispersions. The cumulant factorial moments of the distributions are also measured, and are used to test the predictions of QCD analytic calculations. A calculation which includes next-to-next-to-leading order corrections and energy conservation is observed to provide a much improved description of the separated gluon and quark jet cumulant moments compared to a next-to-leading order calculation without energy conservation. There is good quantitative agreement between the data and calculations for the ratios of the cumulant moments between gluon and quark jets. The data sample used is the LEP-1 sample of the OPAL experiment at LEP.

Dynamical quark and gluon condensates from a modified perturbative QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cabo Montes de Oca, A.; Martinez Pedrera, D.

2004-12-01

As it was suggested by previous works on a modified perturbation expansion for QCD, the possibility for the generation of large quark condensates in the massless version of the theory is explored. For this purpose, it is firstly presented a way to well define the Feynman diagrams at any number of loops by just employing dimensional regularization. After that, the calculated zero and one loop corrections to the effective potential indicate a strong instability of the system under the generation of quark condensates even in the absence of the gluon one. The quark condensate dependence of particular two loop terms does not modify the instability picture arising at one loop. The results suggest a possible mechanism for a sort of Top Condensate Model to be a dynamically fixed effective action for massless QCD. The inability of lattice calculations in detecting this possibility could be related to the current limitations in treating the fermion determinants. (author)

The unitary mechanism of infrared freezing in QCD with massive gluons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shirkov, D.V.

1999-01-01

A 'natural' model for the QCD invariant (running) coupling, free of the IR singularity, is proposed. It is based upon the hypothesis of finite gluon mass m gl existence and, technically, uses an accurate treating of threshold behaviour of Feynman diagram contribution. The model correlates with the unitarity condition. Quantitative estimate, performed in the one-loop approximation yields a reasonable lower bound for this mass m gl > 150 MeV and a smooth IR freezing at the level α s (Q 2 ) < or ∼ 1

Two-gluon emission and interference in a thin QCD medium: insights into jet formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge; Pablos, Daniel; Tywoniuk, Konrad

2016-01-01

In heavy-ion collisions, an abundant production of high-energy QCD jets allows to study how these multiparticle sprays are modified as they pass through the quark-gluon plasma. In order to shed new light on this process, we compute the inclusive two-gluon rate off a hard quark propagating through a color deconfined medium at first order in medium opacity. We explicitly impose an energy ordering of the two emitted gluons, such that the “hard” gluon can be thought of as belonging to the jet substructure while the other is a “soft” emission (which can be collinear or medium-induced). Our analysis focusses on two specific limits that clarify the modification of the additional angle- and formation time-ordering of splittings. In one limit, the formation time of the “hard” gluon is short compared to the “soft” gluon formation time, leading to a probabilistic formula for production of and subsequent radiation off a quark-gluon antenna. In the other limit, the ordering of formation is reverted, which automatically leads to the fact that the jet substructure is resolved by the medium. We observe in this case a characteristic delay: the jet radiates as one color current (quark) up to the formation of the “hard” gluon, at which point we observe the onset of radiation of the new color current (gluon). Within our kinematic constraints, our computation supports a picture in which the in-medium jet dynamics are described as a collection of subsequent antennas which are resolved by the medium according to their transverse extent.

Gluon structure function of a color dipole in the light-cone limit of lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gruenewald, D.; Ilgenfritz, E.-M.; Pirner, H. J.

2009-01-01

We calculate the gluon structure function of a color dipole in near-light-cone SU(2) lattice QCD as a function of x B . The quark and antiquark are external nondynamical degrees of freedom which act as sources of the gluon string configuration defining the dipole. We compute the color dipole matrix element of transversal chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic field operators separated along a direction close to the light cone, the Fourier transform of which is the gluon structure function. As vacuum state in the pure glue sector, we use a variational ground state of the near-light-cone Hamiltonian. We derive a recursion relation for the gluon structure function on the lattice similar to the perturbative Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equation. It depends on the number of transversal links assembling the Schwinger string of the dipole. Fixing the mean momentum fraction of the gluons to the 'experimental value' in a proton, we compare our gluon structure function for a dipole state with four links with the next-to-leading-order MRST 2002 and the CTEQ AB-0 parametrizations at Q 2 =1.5 GeV 2 . Within the systematic uncertainty we find rather good agreement. We also discuss the low x B behavior of the gluon structure function in our model calculation.

The QCD model of hadron cores of the meson theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pokrovskii, Y.E.

1985-01-01

It was shown that in the previously proposed QCD model of hadron cores the exchange and self-energy contributions of the virtual quark-antiquark-gluon cloud on the outside of a bag which radius coincides with the hardon core radius of the meson theory (∼ 0.4 Fm) have been taken into account at the phenomenological level. Simulation of this cloud by the meson field results in realistic estimations of the nucleon's electroweak properties, moment fractions carried by gluons, quarks, antiquarks and hadron-hadron interaction cross-sections within a wide range of energies. The authors note that the QCD hadron core model proposed earlier not only realistically reflects the hadron masses, but reflects self-consistently main elements of the structure and interaction of hadrons at the quark-gluon bag radius (R - 0.4Fm) being close to the meson theory core radius

Finite-temperature gluon spectral functions from N{sub f} = 2+1+1 lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ilgenfritz, Ernst-Michael; Trunin, Anton [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Dubna (Russian Federation); Pawlowski, Jan M. [Universitaet Heidelberg, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Heidelberg (Germany); ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt (Germany); Rothkopf, Alexander [Universitaet Heidelberg, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Heidelberg (Germany)

2018-02-15

We investigate gluon correlation functions and spectral functions at finite temperature in Landau gauge on lattice QCD ensembles with N{sub f} = 2+1+1 dynamical twisted-mass quarks flavors, generated by the tmfT collaboration. They cover a temperature range from 0.8 ≤ T/T{sub C} ≤ 4 using the fixed-scale approach. Our study of spectral properties is based on a novel Bayesian approach for the extraction of non-positive-definite spectral functions. For each binned spatial momentum we take into account the gluon correlation functions at all available discrete imaginary frequencies. Clear indications for the existence of a well defined quasi-particle peak are obtained. Due to a relatively small number of imaginary frequencies available, we focus on the momentum and temperature dependence of the position of this spectral feature. The corresponding dispersion relation reveals different in-medium masses for longitudinal and transversal gluons at high temperatures, qualitatively consistent with weak coupling expectations. (orig.)

Study on the coherent emission of gluons in QCD jets from electron-positron annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kreutzmann, H.

1990-11-01

The inclusive momentum distribution of charged particles is studied with the OPAL detector at LEP in multihadronic events produced in e + e - -annihilations at E cm ≅ M(Z 0 ). Agreement is found with analytical formulae for gluon production that include the phenomena of soft gluon interference. Using data from c.m. energies between 14 GeV and 91 GeV, the dependence of the inclusive momentum distribution on the centre of momentum energy E cm is investigated. The analytic predictions derived from perturbative energy E cm ≅ M(Z 0 ) and its change with E cm are also described by QCD shower Monte Carlo programs which include either coherent gluon branchings or string fragmentation. Simple incoherent models with independent fragmentation fail to reproduce the energy dependence and the momentum spectra. A detailed simulation of the OPAL Jet Chamber and a reconstruction program for jet chamber tracks were developed and applied in this analysis. The essential features of both programs are presented. (orig.) [de

Constituent gluon interpretation of glueballs and gluelumps

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boulanger, N.; Buisseret, F.; Mathieu, V.; Semay, C.

2008-01-01

Arguments are given that support the interpretation of the lattice QCD glueball and gluelump spectra in terms of bound states of massless constituent gluons with helicity 1. In this scheme, we show that the mass hierarchy of the currently known gluelumps and glueballs is mainly due to the number of constituent gluons and can be understood within a simple flux tube model. It is also argued that the lattice QCD 0 +- glueball should be seen as a four-gluon bound state. We finally predict the mass of the 0 - state, not yet computed in lattice QCD. (orig.)

A Glimpse of Gluons through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Proton

OpenAIRE

Defurne, M.; Jiménez-Argüello, A. Martì; Ahmed, Z.; Albataineh, H.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A.; Bellini, V.; Benali, M.; Boeglin, W.; Bertin, P.; Brossard, M.; Camsonne, A.; Canan, M.; Chandavar, S.; Chen, C.

2017-01-01

The proton is composed of quarks and gluons, bound by the most elusive mechanism of strong interaction called confinement. In this work, the dynamics of quarks and gluons are investigated using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS): produced by a multi-GeV electron, a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton which subsequently radiates a high energy photon. Similarly to holography, measuring not only the magnitude but also the phase of the DVCS amplitude allows to perform 3D images of...

Quasi-particle model for lattice QCD: quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandra, Vinod; Ravishankar, V.

2009-01-01

We propose a quasi-particle model to describe the lattice QCD equation of state for pure SU(3) gauge theory in its deconfined state, for T≥1.5T c . The method involves mapping the interaction part of the equation of state to an effective fugacity of otherwise non-interacting quasi-gluons. We find that this mapping is exact. Using the quasi-gluon distribution function, we determine the energy density and the modified dispersion relation for the single particle energy, in which the trace anomaly is manifest. As an application, we first determine the Debye mass, and then the important transport parameters, viz., the shear viscosity, η, and the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio, η/S. We find that both η and η/S are sensitive to the interactions, and that the interactions significantly lower both η and η/S. (orig.)

Are the dressed gluon and ghost propagators in the Landau gauge presently determined in the confinement regime of QCD?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pennington, M. R.; Wilson, D. J.

2011-01-01

The gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge QCD are investigated using the Schwinger-Dyson equation approach. Working in Euclidean spacetime, we solve for these propagators using a selection of vertex inputs, initially for the ghost equation alone and then for both propagators simultaneously. The results are shown to be highly sensitive to the choices of vertices. We favor the infrared finite ghost solution from studying the ghost equation alone where we argue for a specific unique solution. In order to solve this simultaneously with the gluon using a dressed-one-loop truncation, we find that a nontrivial full ghost-gluon vertex is required in the vanishing gluon momentum limit. The self-consistent solutions we obtain correspond to having a masslike term in the gluon propagator dressing, in agreement with similar studies supporting the long-held proposal of Cornwall.

Experimental tests of QCD: Deep inelastic scattering, e+e- annihilation and hard hadron-hadron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hansl-Kozanecka, T.

1992-01-01

In this set of lectures the author examines phenomenological aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which are relevant for lepton-hadron, electron-positron, and hadron-hadron collisions. He points how the strength of the strong coupling constant, αs, makes QCD calculations converge much more slowly in powers of αs, and missing higher order terms must be carefully estimated. The most stringent test of QCD can be performed in deep inelastic lepton scattering and in e + e - annihilation. In deep inelastic scattering the virtual γ or W/Z are used as a probe of the nucleon structure. They couple to quarks, not gluons. Only the incoming and outgoing lepton have to be measured. The hadronic fluid state does not have to be analyzed. In e + e - annihilation the virtual γ or Z 0 decays to lepton and quark pairs. The branching ratio into quarks is a counter for the number of colours available, the detailed structure of the final state reflects the radiation of gluons as the initial quark-antiquark separate from each other. Quarks and gluons are observed here, though in the presence of hadron formation. Hard hadron-hadron, or parton-parton collisions provide cross sections dominated by the gluon component, which is only weakly measured in deep inelastic collisions. Recent experimental results in these three areas are reviewed, and compared to QCD calculations. Scaling violations and analysis of structure functions in deep inelastic scattering are reviewed. QCD in e + e - branching to hadrons is reviewed near the Z 0 resonance, and a number of cross sections and jet related properties which can be calculated as a function of the single parameter αs are reviewed. Hadron-hadron collisions are reviewed for three processes; jet production, direct photon production, and high p perpendicular W/Z boson production

Gluons in quarkonium decay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koller, K.; Walsh, T.

1978-03-01

We discuss what can be learned of the 3 S 1 quarkonium decay QantiQ → 3 gluoans QantiQ → γ + 2 gluons. The former is a way to find gluon jets and test QCD. The latter also allows us to measure gluoan + gluon → hadrons and look for pure gluonic resonances (glueballs). (orig.) [de

SUSY-QCD corrections to Higgs boson production at hadron colliders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Djouadi, A.; Spira, M.

1999-12-01

We analyze the next-to-leading order SUSY-QCD corrections to the production of Higgs particles at hadron colliders in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model. Besides the standard QCD corrections due to gluon exchange and emission, genuine supersymmetric corrections due to the virtual exchange of squarks and gluinos are present. At both the Tevatron and the LHC, these corrections are found to be small in the Higgs-strahlung, Drell-Yan-like Higgs pair production and vector boson fusion processes. (orig.)

The supercritical pomeron in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

Deep-inelastic diffractive scaling violations have provided fundamental insight into the QCD pomeron, suggesting a single gluon inner structure rather than that of a perturbative two-gluon bound state. This talk outlines a derivation of a high-energy, transverse momentum cut-off, confining solution of QCD. The pomeron, in first approximation, is a single reggeized gluon plus a ''wee parton'' component that compensates for the color and particle properties of the gluon. This solution corresponds to a super-critical phase of Reggeon Field Theory

Properties of gluon jets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugano, K.

1987-01-01

The properties of gluon jets are reviewed, and the measured characteristics are compared to the theoretical expectations. Although neither data nor models for the gluon jets are in the mature stage, in general the agreement between experiment and theory is remarkable. There are some intriguing differences. Since the properties of gluon jets are deeply rooted in the basic structure of non-Abelian gauge theory, the study of gluon jets casts further light on our understanding of QCD. Finally, the future prospects are discussed

QCD condensates in ADS/QCD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bechi, Jacopo

2009-01-01

This paper focuses on some issues about condensates and renormalization in AdS/QCD models. In particular we consider the consistency of the AdS/QCD approach for scale dependent quantities as the chiral condensate questioned in some recent papers and the 4D meaning of the 5D cosmological constant...... in a model in which the QCD is dual to a 5D gravity theory. We will be able to give some arguments that the cosmological constant is related to the QCD gluon condensate....

Transport quasiparticles and transverse interactions in quark-gluon plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baym, Gordon

1996-01-01

Calculations of the properties of interacting quark-gluon plasmas are beset by infrared divergences associated with the fact that magnetic interactions, i.e., those occurring through exchange of transverse gluons, are, in the absence of a 'magnetic mass''in QCD, not screened. In this lecture we discuss the effects of magnetic interactions on the transport coefficients and the quasiparticle structure of quark-gluon plasmas. We describe how inclusion of dynamical screening effects - corresponding to Landau damping of the virtual quanta exchanged - leads to finite transport scattering rates. In the weak coupling limit, dynamical screening effects dominate over a magnetic mass. We illustrate the breakdown of the quasi particle structure of degenerate plasmas caused by long-ranged magnetic interactions, describe the structure of fermion quasiparticles in hot relativistic plasmas, and touch briefly on the problem of the lifetime of quasiparticle in the presence of long-ranged magnetic interactions. (author)

Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data

CERN Document Server

Adolph, C.; Akhunzyanov, R.; Alexeev, M.G.; Alexeev, G.D.; Amoroso, A.; Andrieux, V.; Anfimov, N.V.; Anosov, V.; Augustyniak, W.; Austregesilo, A.; Azevedo, C.D.R.; Badelek, B.; Balestra, F.; Barth, J.; Beck, R.; Bedfer, Y.; Bernhard, J.; Bicker, K.; Bielert, E.R.; Birsa, R.; Bisplinghoff, J.; Bodlak, M.; Boer, M.; Bordalo, P.; Bradamante, F.; Braun, C.; Bressan, A.; Buchele, M.; Chang, W.C.; Chiosso, M.; Choi, I.; Chung, S.U.; Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M.L.; Curiel, Q.; Dalla Torre, S.; Dasgupta, S.S.; Dasgupta, S.; Denisov, O.Yu.; Dhara, L.; Donskov, S.V.; Doshita, N.; Duic, V.; Dunnweber, W.; Dziewiecki, M.; Efremov, A.; Eversheim, P.D.; Eyrich, W.; Faessler, M.; Ferrero, A.; Finger, M.; M. Finger jr; Fischer, H.; Franco, C.; von Hohenesche, N. du Fresne; Friedrich, J.M.; Frolov, V.; Fuchey, E.; Gautheron, F.; Gavrichtchouk, O.P.; Gerassimov, S.; Giordano, F.; Gnesi, I.; Gorzellik, M.; Grabmuller, S.; Grasso, A.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Grube, B.; Grussenmeyer, T.; Guskov, A.; Haas, F.; Hahne, D.; von Harrach, D.; Hashimoto, R.; Heinsius, F.H.; Heitz, R.; Herrmann, F.; Hinterberger, F.; Horikawa, N.; d'Hose, N.; Hsieh, C.Y.; Huber, S.; Ishimoto, S.; Ivanov, A.; Ivanshin, Yu.; Iwata, T.; Jahn, R.; Jary, V.; Joosten, R.; Jorg, P.; Kabuss, E.; Ketzer, B.; Khaustov, G.V.; Khokhlov, Yu. A.; Kisselev, Yu.; Klein, F.; Klimaszewski, K.; Koivuniemi, J.H.; Kolosov, V.N.; Kondo, K.; Konigsmann, K.; Konorov, I.; Konstantinov, V.F.; Kotzinian, A.M.; Kouznetsov, O.M.; Kramer, M.; Kremser, P.; Krinner, F.; Kroumchtein, Z.V.; Kulinich, Y.; Kunne, F.; Kurek, K.; Kurjata, R.P.; Lednev, A.A.; Lehmann, A.; Levillain, M.; Levorato, S.; Lichtenstadt, J.; Longo, R.; Maggiora, A.; Magnon, A.; Makins, N.; Makke, N.; Mallot, G.K.; Marchand, C.; Marianski, B.; Martin, A.; Marzec, J.; J.Matou s; Matsuda, H.; Matsuda, T.; Meshcheryakov, G.V.; Meyer, W.; Michigami, T.; Mikhailov, Yu. V.; Mikhasenko, M.; Miyachi, Y.; Montuenga, P.; Nagaytsev, A.; Nerling, F.; Neyret, D.; Nikolaenko, V.I.; Novy, J.; Nowak, W.D.; Nukazuka, G.; Nunes, A.S.; Olshevsky, A.G.; Orlov, I.; Ostrick, M.; Panzieri, D.; Parsamyan, B.; Paul, S.; Peng, J.C.; Pereira, F.; M. Pe s; Peshekhonov, D.V.; Platchkov, S.; Pochodzalla, J.; Polyakov, V.A.; Pretz, J.; Quaresma, M.; Quintans, C.; Ramos, S.; Regali, C.; Reicherz, G.; Riedl, C.; Roskot, M.; Rossiyskaya, N.S.; Ryabchikov, D.I.; Rybnikov, A.; Rychter, A.; Salac, R.; Samoylenko, V.D.; Sandacz, A.; Santos, C.; Sarkar, S.; Savin, I.A.; Sawada, T.; Sbrizzai, G.; Schiavon, P.; Schmidt, K.; Schmieden, H.; Schonning, K.; Schopferer, S.; Seder, E.; Selyunin, A.; Shevchenko, O.Yu.; Silva, L.; Sinha, L.; Sirtl, S.; Slunecka, M.; Smolik, J.; Sozzi, F.; Srnka, A.; Stolarski, M.; Sulc, M.; Suzuki, H.; Szabelski, A.; Szameitat, T.; Sznajder, P.; Takekawa, S.; Tasevsky, M.; Tessaro, S.; Tessarotto, F.; Thibaud, F.; Tosello, F.; Tskhay, V.; Uhl, S.; Veloso, J.; Virius, M.; Vondra, J.; Weisrock, T.; Wilfert, M.; Wolbeek, J. ter; Zaremba, K.; Zavada, P.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zemlyanichkina, E.; Ziembicki, M.; Zink, A.

2017-01-01

Using a novel analysis technique, the gluon polarisation in the nucleon is re-evaluated using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measured in the cross section of semi-inclusive single-hadron muoproduction with photon virtuality $Q^2>1~({\\rm GeV}/c)^2$. The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/$c$ polarised muon beam impinging on a polarised $^6$LiD target. By analysing the full range in hadron transverse momentum $p_T$, the different $p_T$-dependences of the underlying processes are separated using a neural-network approach. In the absence of pQCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the selected kinematic domain, the gluon polarisation $\\Delta g/g$ is evaluated at leading order in pQCD at a hard scale of $\\mu^2 = \\langle Q^2\\rangle = 3(GeV=c)^2$. It is determined in three intervals of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons, $x_g$, covering the range $0.04 \\!<\\! x_{ \\rm g}\\! <\\! 0.28$ . and does not exhibit a significant dependence on $x_{\\rm g}$. Average...

Properties of gluon jets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugano, K.

1988-01-01

The properties of gluon jets are reviewed from an experimental point of view. The measured characteristics are compared to theoretical expectations. Although neither data nor models for the gluon jets are in the mature stage, there are remarkable agreements and also intriguing disagreements between experiment and theory. Since much interesting data have begun to emerge from various experiments and the properties of gluon jets are deeply rooted in the basic structure of non-Abelian gauge theory, the study of gluon jets casts further light on understanding of QCD. The future prospects are discussed

Small-x physics in perturbative QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipatov, L.N.

1996-07-01

We review the parton model and the Regge approach to the QCD description of the deep-inelastic ep scattering at the small Bjorken variable x and demonstrate their relation with the DGLAP and BFKL evolution equations. It is shown, that in the leading logarithmic approximation the gluon is reggeized and the pomeron is a compound state of two reggeized gluons. The conformal invariance of the BFKL pomeron in the impact parameter space is used to investigate the scattering amplitudes at high energies and fixed momentum transfers. The remarkable properties of the Schroedinger equation for compound states of an arbitrary number of reggeized gluons in the multi-colour QCD are reviewed. The gauge-invariant effective action describing the gluon-Reggeon interactions is constructed. The known next-to-leading corrections to the QCD pomeron are discussed. (orig.)

QCD sum rules for the gluon component of the U(1)sub(A) pseudoscalar meson

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Narison, S.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13 - Marseille

1981-01-01

Using sum rules based on the positivity and the analyticity of the U(1)sub(A) spectral functions, and within the framework of QCD (quantum chromodynamics), we derive an upper bound Msub(p) approximately less than (0.6 approximately 0.75) GeV to the gluon component of the U(1)sub(A) meson mass. Such a bound could be identified as the exact value of Msub(p) if one accepts a QCD model for the ''continuum'' contribution to the U(1)sub(A) spectral functions. Comparing our result to the observed mass Msub(eta)' approximately equal to 0.96GeV, one could expect an important gluonic contribution to the eta'-mass. This experimental result could be reproduced, if one adds to our result, the quark contribution known to be Msub(q) approximately equal to root(3)msub(π). (author)

Threshold resummation and higher order effects in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ringer, Felix Maximilian

2015-01-01

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a quantum field theory that describes the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, the building blocks of all hadrons. Thanks to the experimental progress over the past decades, there has been an ever-growing need for QCD precision calculations for scattering processes involving hadrons. For processes at large momentum transfer, perturbative QCD offers a systematic approach for obtaining precise predictions. This approach relies on two key concepts: the asymptotic freedom of QCD and factorization. In a perturbative calculation at higher orders, the infrared cancellation between virtual and real emission diagrams generally leaves behind logarithmic contributions. In many observables relevant for hadronic scattering these logarithms are associated with a kinematic threshold and are hence known as ''threshold logarithms''. They become large when the available phase space for real gluon emission shrinks. In order to obtain a reliable prediction from QCD, the threshold logarithms need to be taken into account to all orders in the strong coupling constant, a procedure known as ''threshold resummation''. The main focus of my PhD thesis is on studies of QCD threshold resummation effects beyond the next-to-leading logarithmic order. Here we primarily consider the production of hadron pairs in hadronic collisions as an example. In addition, we also consider hadronic jet production, which is particularly interesting for the phenomenology at the LHC. For both processes, we fully take into account the non-trivial QCD color structure of the underlying partonic hard- scattering cross sections. We find that threshold resummation leads to sizable numerical effects in the kinematic regimes relevant for comparisons to experimental data.

Novel QCD Phenomenology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins

2011-08-12

I review a number of topics where conventional wisdom in hadron physics has been challenged. For example, hadrons can be produced at large transverse momentum directly within a hard higher-twist QCD subprocess, rather than from jet fragmentation. Such 'direct' processes can explain the deviations from perturbative QCD predictions in measurements of inclusive hadron cross sections at fixed x{sub T} = 2p{sub T}/{radical}s, as well as the 'baryon anomaly', the anomalously large proton-to-pion ratio seen in high centrality heavy ion collisions. Initial-state and final-state interactions of the struck quark, the soft-gluon rescattering associated with its Wilson line, lead to Bjorken-scaling single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, the breakdown of the Lam-Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions, as well as nuclear shadowing and antishadowing. The Gribov-Glauber theory predicts that antishadowing of nuclear structure functions is not universal, but instead depends on the flavor quantum numbers of each quark and antiquark, thus explaining the anomalous nuclear dependence measured in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering. Since shadowing and antishadowing arise from the physics of leading-twist diffractive deep inelastic scattering, one cannot attribute such phenomena to the structure of the nucleus itself. It is thus important to distinguish 'static' structure functions, the probability distributions computed from the square of the target light-front wavefunctions, versus 'dynamical' structure functions which include the effects of the final-state rescattering of the struck quark. The importance of the J = 0 photon-quark QCD contact interaction in deeply virtual Compton scattering is also emphasized. The scheme-independent BLM method for setting the renormalization scale is discussed. Eliminating the renormalization scale ambiguity greatly improves the precision of QCD predictions and increases the sensitivity of

QCD sum rules of the Laplace transform type for the gluon component of the U(1)sub(A) meson mass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Narison, S.

1981-07-01

We get upper bound of the gluon component of the U(1)sub(A) meson mass using QCD sum rules of the Laplace transform type to the two-point functions associated to the divergence of the U(1)sub(A) current in the chiral limit. For Λ is approximately equal to 70 is approximately 210 MeV and fsub(eta') is approximately equal to (0.5 is approximately 0.7) sqrt 3 fsub(π), we obtain Msub(G) is approximately smaller to (0.6 is approximately 0.85) GeV, which indicates an important gluon contribution to the eta' mass. (author)

The gluon condensation at high energy hadron collisions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Wei, E-mail: weizhu@mail.ecnu.edu.cn [Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241 (China); Lan, Jiangshan [Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China)

2017-03-15

We report that the saturation/CGC model of gluon distribution is unstable under action of the chaotic solution in a nonlinear QCD evolution equation, and it evolves to the distribution with a sharp peak at the critical momentum. We find that this gluon condensation is caused by a new kind of shadowing–antishadowing effects, and it leads to a series of unexpected effects in high energy hadron collisions including astrophysical events. For example, the extremely intense fluctuations in the transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions of the gluon jets present the gluon-jet bursts; a sudden increase of the proton–proton cross sections may fill the GZK suppression; the blocking QCD evolution will restrict the maximum available energy of the hadron–hadron colliders.

Renormalization group summation of Laplace QCD sum rules for scalar gluon currents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farrukh Chishtie

2016-03-01

Full Text Available We employ renormalization group (RG summation techniques to obtain portions of Laplace QCD sum rules for scalar gluon currents beyond the order to which they have been explicitly calculated. The first two of these sum rules are considered in some detail, and it is shown that they have significantly less dependence on the renormalization scale parameter μ2 once the RG summation is used to extend the perturbative results. Using the sum rules, we then compute the bound on the scalar glueball mass and demonstrate that the 3 and 4-Loop perturbative results form lower and upper bounds to their RG summed counterparts. We further demonstrate improved convergence of the RG summed expressions with respect to perturbative results.

Quark masses from quark-gluon condensates in a modified perturbative QCD

CERN Document Server

Cabo-Montes de Oca, Alejandro

2003-01-01

In this note, it is argued that the mass matrix for the six quarks can be generated in first approximation by introducing fermion condensates on the same lines as was done before for gluons, within the modified perturbative expansion for QCD proposed in former works. Thus, the results point in the direction of the conjectured link of the approximate `Democratic' symmetry of the quark mass matrix and `gap' effects similar to the ones occuring in superconductivity. The condensates are introduced here non-dynamically and therefore the question of the possibility for their spontaneous generation remains open. However, possible ways out of the predicted lack of the `Democratic' symmetry of the condensates resulting from the spontaneous breaking of the flavour symmetry are suggested. They come from an analysis based on the Cornwall--Jackiw--Tomboulis (CJT) effective potential for composite operators

Quantum field kinetics of QCD: Quark-gluon transport theory for light-cone-dominated processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geiger, K.

1996-01-01

A quantum-kinetic formalism is developed to study the dynamical interplay of quantum and statistical-kinetic properties of nonequilibrium multiparton systems produced in high-energy QCD processes. The approach provides the means to follow the quantum dynamics in both space-time and energy-momentum, starting from an arbitrary initial configuration of high-momentum quarks and gluons. Using a generalized functional integral representation and adopting the open-quote open-quote closed-time-path close-quote close-quote Green function techniques, a self-consistent set of equations of motions is obtained: a Ginzburg-Landau equation for a possible color background field, and Dyson-Schwinger equations for the two-point functions of the gluon and quark fields. By exploiting the open-quote open-quote two-scale nature close-quote close-quote of light-cone-dominated QCD processes, i.e., the separation between the quantum scale that specifies the range of short-distance quantum fluctuations, and the kinetic scale that characterizes the range of statistical binary interactions, the quantum field equations of motion are converted into a corresponding set of open-quote open-quote renormalization equations close-quote close-quote and open-quote open-quote transport equations.close-quote close-quote The former describe renormalization and dissipation effects through the evolution of the spectral density of individual, dressed partons, whereas the latter determine the statistical occurrence of scattering processes among these dressed partons. The renormalization equations and the transport equations are coupled, and, hence, must be solved self-consistently. This amounts to evolving the multiparton system, from a specified initial configuration, in time and full seven-dimensional phase space, constrained by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. (Abstract Truncated)

A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton.

Science.gov (United States)

Defurne, M; Jiménez-Argüello, A Martí; Ahmed, Z; Albataineh, H; Allada, K; Aniol, K A; Bellini, V; Benali, M; Boeglin, W; Bertin, P; Brossard, M; Camsonne, A; Canan, M; Chandavar, S; Chen, C; Chen, J-P; de Jager, C W; de Leo, R; Desnault, C; Deur, A; El Fassi, L; Ent, R; Flay, D; Friend, M; Fuchey, E; Frullani, S; Garibaldi, F; Gaskell, D; Giusa, A; Glamazdin, O; Golge, S; Gomez, J; Hansen, O; Higinbotham, D; Holmstrom, T; Horn, T; Huang, J; Huang, M; Hyde, C E; Iqbal, S; Itard, F; Kang, H; Kelleher, A; Keppel, C; Koirala, S; Korover, I; LeRose, J J; Lindgren, R; Long, E; Magne, M; Mammei, J; Margaziotis, D J; Markowitz, P; Mazouz, M; Meddi, F; Meekins, D; Michaels, R; Mihovilovic, M; Camacho, C Muñoz; Nadel-Turonski, P; Nuruzzaman, N; Paremuzyan, R; Puckett, A; Punjabi, V; Qiang, Y; Rakhman, A; Rashad, M N H; Riordan, S; Roche, J; Russo, G; Sabatié, F; Saenboonruang, K; Saha, A; Sawatzky, B; Selvy, L; Shahinyan, A; Sirca, S; Solvignon, P; Sperduto, M L; Subedi, R; Sulkosky, V; Sutera, C; Tobias, W A; Urciuoli, G M; Wang, D; Wojtsekhowski, B; Yao, H; Ye, Z; Zhan, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, B; Zhao, Z; Zheng, X; Zhu, P

2017-11-10

The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)-a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.

First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons using SIDIS data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Adolph

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The Sivers function describes the correlation between the transverse spin of a nucleon and the transverse motion of its partons. For quarks, it was studied in previous measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons off transversely polarised nucleon targets, and it was found to be non-zero. In this letter the evaluation of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons is presented. The contribution of the photon–gluon fusion subprocess is enhanced by requiring two high transverse-momentum hadrons. The analysis method is based on a Monte Carlo simulation that includes three hard processes: photon–gluon fusion, QCD Compton scattering and the leading-order virtual-photon absorption process. The Sivers asymmetries of the three processes are simultaneously extracted using the LEPTO event generator and a neural network approach. The method is applied to samples of events containing at least two hadrons with large transverse momentum from the COMPASS data taken with a 160 GeV/c muon beam scattered off transversely polarised deuterons and protons. With a significance of about two standard deviations, a negative value is obtained for the gluon Sivers asymmetry. The result of a similar analysis for a Collins-like asymmetry for gluons is consistent with zero.

Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adolph, C.; Braun, C.; Eyrich, W.; Lehmann, A.; Zink, A.; Aghasyan, M.; Birsa, R.; Dalla Torre, S.; Levorato, S.; Santos, C.; Sozzi, F.; Tessaro, S.; Tessarotto, F.; Akhunzyanov, R.; Alexeev, G.D.; Anfimov, N.V.; Anosov, V.; Efremov, A.; Gavrichtchouk, O.P.; Guskov, A.; Ivanshin, Yu.; Kisselev, Yu.; Kouznetsov, O.M.; Kroumchtein, Z.V.; Meshcheryakov, G.V.; Nagaytsev, A.; Olshevsky, A.G.; Orlov, I.; Peshekhonov, D.V.; Rossiyskaya, N.S.; Rybnikov, A.; Savin, I.A.; Selyunin, A.; Shevchenko, O.Yu.; Slunecka, M.; Smolik, J.; Tasevsky, M.; Zavada, P.; Zemlyanichkina, E.; Alexeev, M.G.; Amoroso, A.; Balestra, F.; Chiosso, M.; Gnesi, I.; Grasso, A.; Ivanov, A.; Kotzinian, A.M.; Longo, R.; Parsamyan, B.; Takekawa, S.; Andrieux, V.; Boer, M.; Curiel, Q.; Ferrero, A.; Fuchey, E.; Hose, N. d'; Kunne, F.; Levillain, M.; Magnon, A.; Marchand, C.; Neyret, D.; Platchkov, S.; Seder, E.; Thibaud, F.; Augustyniak, W.; Klimaszewski, K.; Kurek, K.; Marianski, B.; Sandacz, A.; Szabelski, A.; Sznajder, P.; Austregesilo, A.; Chung, S.U.; Friedrich, J.M.; Grabmueller, S.; Grube, B.; Haas, F.; Huber, S.; Kraemer, M.; Krinner, F.; Paul, S.; Uhl, S.; Azevedo, C.D.R.; Pereira, F.; Veloso, J.; Badelek, B.; Barth, J.; Hahne, D.; Klein, F.; Pretz, J.; Schmieden, H.; Beck, R.; Bisplinghoff, J.; Eversheim, P.D.; Hinterberger, F.; Jahn, R.; Joosten, R.; Ketzer, B.; Mikhasenko, M.; Bedfer, Y.; Bernhard, J.; Bicker, K.; Bielert, E.R.; Mallot, G.K.; Schoenning, K.; Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M. Jr.; Matousek, J.; Pesek, M.; Roskot, M.; Bordalo, P.; Franco, C.; Nunes, A.S.; Quaresma, M.; Quintans, C.; Ramos, S.; Silva, L.; Stolarski, M.; Bradamante, F.; Bressan, A.; Dasgupta, S.; Makke, N.; Martin, A.; Sbrizzai, G.; Schiavon, P.; Buechele, M.; Fischer, H.; Gorzellik, M.; Grussenmeyer, T.; Heinsius, F.H.; Herrmann, F.; Joerg, P.; Koenigsmann, K.; Kremser, P.; Nowak, W.D.; Regali, C.; Schmidt, K.; Schopferer, S.; Sirtl, S.; Szameitat, T.; Wolbeek, J. ter; Chang, W.C.; Hsieh, C.Y.; Sawada, T.; Choi, I.; Giordano, F.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Heitz, R.; Kulinich, Y.; Makins, N.; Montuenga, P.; Peng, J.C.; Riedl, C.; Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M.L.; Dasgupta, S.S.; Dhara, L.; Sarkar, S.; Sinha, L.; Denisov, O.Yu.; Maggiora, A.; Panzieri, D.; Tosello, F.; Donskov, S.V.; Khaustov, G.V.; Khokhlov, Yu.A.; Kolosov, V.N.; Konstantinov, V.F.; Lednev, A.A.; Mikhailov, Yu.V.; Nikolaenko, V.I.; Polyakov, V.A.; Ryabchikov, D.I.; Samoylenko, V.D.; Doshita, N.; Hashimoto, R.; Ishimoto, S.; Iwata, T.; Kondo, K.; Matsuda, H.; Michigami, T.; Miyachi, Y.; Nukazuka, G.; Suzuki, H.; Duic, V.; Dziewiecki, M.; Kurjata, R.P.; Marzec, J.; Rychter, A.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M.; Fresne von Hohenesche, N. du; Harrach, D. von; Kabuss, E.; Nerling, F.; Ostrick, M.; Pochodzalla, J.; Weisrock, T.; Wilfert, M.

2017-01-01

Using a novel analysis technique, the gluon polarisation in the nucleon is re-evaluated using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measured in the cross section of semi-inclusive single-hadron muoproduction with photon virtuality Q"2 > 1 (GeV/c)"2. The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/c polarised muon beam impinging on a polarised "6LiD target. By analysing the full range in hadron transverse momentum p_T, the different p_T-dependences of the underlying processes are separated using a neural-network approach. In the absence of pQCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the selected kinematic domain, the gluon polarisation Δg/g is evaluated at leading order in pQCD at a hard scale of μ"2 = left angle Q"2 right angle = 3 (GeV/c)"2. It is determined in three intervals of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons, x_g, covering the range 0.04 < x_g < 0.28 and does not exhibit a significant dependence on x_g. The average over the three intervals, left angle Δg/g right angle = 0.113 ± 0.038_(_s_t_a_t_._) ± 0.036_(_s_y_s_t_._) at left angle x_g right angle ∼ 0.10, suggests that the gluon polarisation is positive in the measured x_g range. (orig.)

Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adolph, C.; Braun, C.; Eyrich, W.; Lehmann, A.; Zink, A. [Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erlangen (Germany); Aghasyan, M.; Birsa, R.; Dalla Torre, S.; Levorato, S.; Santos, C.; Sozzi, F.; Tessaro, S.; Tessarotto, F. [INFN, Trieste (Italy); Akhunzyanov, R.; Alexeev, G.D.; Anfimov, N.V.; Anosov, V.; Efremov, A.; Gavrichtchouk, O.P.; Guskov, A.; Ivanshin, Yu.; Kisselev, Yu.; Kouznetsov, O.M.; Kroumchtein, Z.V.; Meshcheryakov, G.V.; Nagaytsev, A.; Olshevsky, A.G.; Orlov, I.; Peshekhonov, D.V.; Rossiyskaya, N.S.; Rybnikov, A.; Savin, I.A.; Selyunin, A.; Shevchenko, O.Yu.; Slunecka, M.; Smolik, J.; Tasevsky, M.; Zavada, P.; Zemlyanichkina, E. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region (Russian Federation); Alexeev, M.G. [University of Turin, Department of Physics, Turin (Italy); Amoroso, A.; Balestra, F.; Chiosso, M.; Gnesi, I.; Grasso, A.; Ivanov, A.; Kotzinian, A.M.; Longo, R.; Parsamyan, B.; Takekawa, S. [University of Turin, Department of Physics, Turin (Italy); INFN, Turin (Italy); Andrieux, V.; Boer, M.; Curiel, Q.; Ferrero, A.; Fuchey, E.; Hose, N. d' ; Kunne, F.; Levillain, M.; Magnon, A.; Marchand, C.; Neyret, D.; Platchkov, S.; Seder, E.; Thibaud, F. [CEA IRFU/SPhN Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Augustyniak, W.; Klimaszewski, K.; Kurek, K.; Marianski, B.; Sandacz, A.; Szabelski, A.; Sznajder, P. [National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw (Poland); Austregesilo, A.; Chung, S.U.; Friedrich, J.M.; Grabmueller, S.; Grube, B.; Haas, F.; Huber, S.; Kraemer, M.; Krinner, F.; Paul, S.; Uhl, S. [Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Physik Department, Garching (Germany); Azevedo, C.D.R.; Pereira, F.; Veloso, J. [University of Aveiro, Department of Physics, Aveiro (Portugal); Badelek, B. [University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw (Poland); Barth, J.; Hahne, D.; Klein, F.; Pretz, J.; Schmieden, H. [Universitaet Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Bonn (Germany); Beck, R.; Bisplinghoff, J.; Eversheim, P.D.; Hinterberger, F.; Jahn, R.; Joosten, R.; Ketzer, B.; Mikhasenko, M. [Universitaet Bonn, Helmholtz-Institut fuer Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Bonn (Germany); Bedfer, Y. [CERN, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); CEA IRFU/SPhN Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Bernhard, J. [CERN, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Universitaet Mainz, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Mainz (Germany); Bicker, K. [CERN, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Physik Department, Garching (Germany); Bielert, E.R.; Mallot, G.K.; Schoenning, K. [CERN, Geneva 23 (Switzerland); Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M. Jr.; Matousek, J.; Pesek, M.; Roskot, M. [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague (Czech Republic); Bordalo, P.; Franco, C.; Nunes, A.S.; Quaresma, M.; Quintans, C.; Ramos, S.; Silva, L.; Stolarski, M. [LIP, Lisbon (Portugal); Bradamante, F.; Bressan, A.; Dasgupta, S.; Makke, N.; Martin, A.; Sbrizzai, G.; Schiavon, P. [University of Trieste, Department of Physics, Trieste (Italy); INFN, Trieste (Italy); Buechele, M.; Fischer, H.; Gorzellik, M.; Grussenmeyer, T.; Heinsius, F.H.; Herrmann, F.; Joerg, P.; Koenigsmann, K.; Kremser, P.; Nowak, W.D.; Regali, C.; Schmidt, K.; Schopferer, S.; Sirtl, S.; Szameitat, T.; Wolbeek, J. ter [Universitaet Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg (Germany); Chang, W.C.; Hsieh, C.Y.; Sawada, T. [Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, Taipei (China); Choi, I.; Giordano, F.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Heitz, R.; Kulinich, Y.; Makins, N.; Montuenga, P.; Peng, J.C.; Riedl, C. [University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, Urbana, IL (United States); Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M.L. [INFN, Trieste (Italy); Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste (Italy); Dasgupta, S.S.; Dhara, L.; Sarkar, S.; Sinha, L. [Matrivani Institute of Experimental Research and Education, Calcutta (India); Denisov, O.Yu.; Maggiora, A.; Panzieri, D.; Tosello, F. [INFN, Turin (Italy); Donskov, S.V.; Khaustov, G.V.; Khokhlov, Yu.A.; Kolosov, V.N.; Konstantinov, V.F.; Lednev, A.A.; Mikhailov, Yu.V.; Nikolaenko, V.I.; Polyakov, V.A.; Ryabchikov, D.I.; Samoylenko, V.D. [State Scientific Center Institute for High Energy Physics of National Research Center ' Kurchatov Institute' , Protvino (Russian Federation); Doshita, N.; Hashimoto, R.; Ishimoto, S.; Iwata, T.; Kondo, K.; Matsuda, H.; Michigami, T.; Miyachi, Y.; Nukazuka, G.; Suzuki, H. [Yamagata University, Yamagata (Japan); Duic, V. [University of Trieste, Department of Physics, Trieste (Italy); Dziewiecki, M.; Kurjata, R.P.; Marzec, J.; Rychter, A.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M. [Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw (Poland); Fresne von Hohenesche, N. du; Harrach, D. von; Kabuss, E.; Nerling, F.; Ostrick, M.; Pochodzalla, J.; Weisrock, T.; Wilfert, M. [Universitaet Mainz, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Mainz (Germany); Collaboration: COMPASS Collaboration; and others

2017-04-15

Using a novel analysis technique, the gluon polarisation in the nucleon is re-evaluated using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measured in the cross section of semi-inclusive single-hadron muoproduction with photon virtuality Q{sup 2} > 1 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/c polarised muon beam impinging on a polarised {sup 6}LiD target. By analysing the full range in hadron transverse momentum p{sub T}, the different p{sub T}-dependences of the underlying processes are separated using a neural-network approach. In the absence of pQCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the selected kinematic domain, the gluon polarisation Δg/g is evaluated at leading order in pQCD at a hard scale of μ{sup 2} = left angle Q{sup 2} right angle = 3 (GeV/c){sup 2}. It is determined in three intervals of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons, x{sub g}, covering the range 0.04 < x{sub g} < 0.28 and does not exhibit a significant dependence on x{sub g}. The average over the three intervals, left angle Δg/g right angle = 0.113 ± 0.038{sub (stat.)} ± 0.036{sub (syst.)} at left angle x{sub g} right angle ∼ 0.10, suggests that the gluon polarisation is positive in the measured x{sub g} range. (orig.)

The Mixed Quark-Gluon Condensate from the Global Color Symmetry Model

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZONG Hong-Shi; PING Jia-Lun; LU Xiao-Fu; WANG Fan; ZHAO En-Guang

2002-01-01

The mixed quark-gluon condensate from the global color symmetry model is derived. It is shown that themixed quark-gluon condensate depends explicitly on the gluon propagator. This interesting feature may be regarded asan additional constraint on the model of gluon propagator. The values of the mixed quark-gluon condensate from someansatz for the gluon propagator are compared with those determined from QCD sum rules.

How do we model continuum QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cornwall, J.M.

1986-01-01

The nonperturbative aspects of continuum QCD are so complex that one can only hope to approach them through well-motivated models. The author reviews the general properties that any such model must have, based on the understanding of the gluon condensate in the QCD vacuum. A specific, practical model is proposed motivated by a picture of the condensate as made of thick vortex sheets self-consistently constructed from dynamically massive gluons. (author)

Measurement of D* meson cross sections at HERA and determination of the gluon density in the proton using NLO QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adloff, C.; Anderson, M.; Andreev, V.; Andrieu, B.; Arkadov, V.; Arndt, C.; Ayyaz, I.; Babaev, A.; Baehr, J.; Baranov, P.; Barrelet, E.; Bartel, W.; Bassler, U.; Bate, P.; Beck, M.; Beglarian, A.; Behnke, O.; Behrend, H.-J.; Beier, C.; Belousov, A.; Berger, Ch.; Bernardi, G.; Bertrand-Coremans, G.; Biddulph, P.; Bizot, J.C.; Boudry, V.; Braunschweig, W.; Brisson, V.; Brown, D.P.; Brueckner, W.; Bruel, P.; Bruncko, D.; Buerger, J.; Buesser, F.W.; Buniatian, A.; Burke, S.; Burrage, A.; Buschhorn, G.; Calvet, D.; Campbell, A.J.; Carli, T.; Chabert, E.; Charlet, M.; Clarke, D.; Clerbaux, B.; Contreras, J.G.; Cormack, C.; Coughlan, J.A.; Cousinou, M.-C.; Cox, B.E.; Cozzika, G.; Cvach, J.; Dainton, J.B.; Dau, W.D.; Daum, K.; David, M.; Davidsson, M.; De Roeck, A.; De Wolf, E.A.; Delcourt, B.; Demirchyan, R.; Diaconu, C.; Dirkmann, M.; Dixon, P.; Dlugosz, W.; Donovan, K.T.; Dowell, J.D.; Droutskoi, A.; Ebert, J.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Efremenko, V.; Egli, S.; Eichler, R.; Eisele, F.; Eisenhandler, E.; Elsen, E.; Enzenberger, M.; Erdmann, M.; Fahr, A.B.; Favart, L.; Fedotov, A.; Felst, R.; Feltesse, J.; Ferencei, J.; Ferrarotto, F.; Fleischer, M.; Fluegge, G.; Fomenko, A.; Formanek, J.; Foster, J.M.; Franke, G.; Gabathuler, E.; Gabathuler, K.; Gaede, F.; Garvey, J.; Gassner, J.; Gayler, J.; Gerhards, R.; Ghazaryan, S.; Glazov, A.; Goerlich, L.; Gogitidze, N.; Goldberg, M.; Gorelov, I.; Grab, C.; Graessler, H.; Greenshaw, T.; Griffiths, R.K.; Grindhammer, G.; Hadig, T.; Haidt, D.; Hajduk, L.; Haller, T.; Hampel, M.; Haustein, V.; Haynes, W.J.; Heinemann, B.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henderson, R.C.W.; Hengstmann, S.; Henschel, H.; Heremans, R.; Herynek, I.; Hewitt, K.; Hiller, K.H.; Hilton, C.D.; Hladky, J.; Hoffmann, D.; Horisberger, R.; Hurling, S.; Ibbotson, M.; Issever, C.; Jacquet, M.; Jaffre, M.; Jansen, D.M.; Joensson, L.; Johnson, D.P.; Jones, M.; Jung, H.; Kaestli, H.K.; Kander, M.; Kant, D.; Kapichine, M.; Karlsson, M.; Karschnik, O.; Katzy, J.; Kaufmann, O.; Kausch, M.; Kenyon, I.R.; Kermiche, S.; Keuker, C.; Kiesling, C.; Klein, M.; Kleinwort, C.; Knies, G.; Koehne, J.H.; Kolanoski, H.; Kolya, S.D.; Korbel, V.; Kostka, P.; Kotelnikov, S.K.; Kraemerkaemper, T.; Krasny, M.W.; Krehbiel, H.; Kruecker, D.; Krueger, K.; Kuepper, A.; Kuester, H.; Kuhlen, M.; Kurca, T.; Lahmann, R.; Landon, M.P.J.; Lange, W.; Langenegger, U.; Lebedev, A.; Lehner, F.; Lemaitre, V.; Lendermann, V.; Levonian, S.; Lindstroem, M.; List, B.; Lobo, G.; Lobodzinska, E.; Lubimov, V.; Lueders, S.; Lueke, D.; Lytkin, L.; Magnussen, N.; Mahlke-Krueger, H.; Malinovski, E.; Maracek, R.; Marage, P.; Marks, J.; Marshall, R.; Martin, G.; Martyn, H.-U.; Martyniak, J.; Maxfield, S.J.; McMahon, T.R.; Mehta, A.; Meier, K.; Merkel, P.; Metlica, F.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, A.; Meyer, H.; Meyer, J.; Meyer, P.-O.; Mikocki, S.; Milstead, D.; Moeck, J.; Mohr, R.; Mohrdieck, S.; Moreau, F.; Morris, J.V.; Mueller, D.; Mueller, K.; Murin, P.; Nagovizin, V.; Naroska, B.; Naumann, Th.; Negri, I.; Newman, P.R.; Nguyen, H.K.; Nicholls, T.C.; Niebergall, F.; Niebuhr, C.; Niedzballa, Ch.; Niggli, H.; Nikitin, D.; Nix, O.; Nowak, G.; Nunnemann, T.; Oberlack, H.; Olsson, J.E.; Ozerov, D.; Palmen, P.; Panassik, V.; Pascaud, C.; Passaggio, S.; Patel, G.D.; Pawletta, H.; Perez, E.; Phillips, J.P.; Pieuchot, A.; Pitzl, D.; Poeschl, R.; Pope, G.; Povh, B.; Rabbertz, K.; Rauschenberger, J.; Reimer, P.; Reisert, B.; Reyna, D.; Rick, H.; Riess, S.; Rizvi, E.; Robmann, P.; Roosen, R.; Rosenbauer, K.; Rostovtsev, A.; Rouse, F.; Royon, C.; Rusakov, S.; Rybicki, K.; Sankey, D.P.C.; Schacht, P.; Scheins, J.; Schilling, F.-P.; Schleif, S.; Schleper, P.; Schmidt, D.; Schmidt, D.; Schoeffel, L.; Schroeder, V.; Schultz-Coulon, H.-C.; Schwab, B.; Sefkow, F.; Semenov, A.; Shekelyan, V.; Sheviakov, I.; Shtarkov, L.N.; Siegmon, G.; Sirois, Y.; Sloan, T.; Smirnov, P.; Smith, M.; Solochenko, V.; Soloviev, Y.; Spaskov, V.; Specka, A.; Spiekermann, J.; Spitzer, H.; Squinabol, F.; Steffen, P.; Steinberg, R.; Steinhart, J.; Stella, B.; Stellberger, A.; Stiewe, J.; Straumann, U.; Struczinski, W.; Sutton, J.P.; Swart, M.; Tapprogge, S.; Tasevsky, M.; Tchernshov, V.; Tchetchelnitski, S.; Theissen, J.; Thompson, G.; Thompson, P.D.; Tobien, N.; Todenhagen, R.; Truoel, P.; Tsipolitis, G.; Turnau, J.; Tzamariudaki, E.; Udluft, S.; Usik, A.; Valkar, S.; Valkarova, A.; Vallee, C.; Van Esch, P.; Van Haecke, A.; Van Mechelen, P.; Vazdik, Y.; Villet, G.; Wacker, K.; Wallny, R.; Walter, T.; Waugh, B.; Weber, G.; Weber, M.; Wegener, D.; Wegner, A.; Wengler, T.; Werner, M.; West, L.R.; Wiesand, S.; Wilksen, T.; Willard, S.; Winde, M.; Winter, G.-G.; Wittek, C.; Wittmann, E.; Wobisch, M.; Wollatz, H.; Wuensch, E.; Zacek, J.; Zalesak, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhokin, A.; Zini, P.; Zomer, F.; Zsembery, J.; zurNedden, M.

1999-01-01

With the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA, D * meson production cross sections have been measured in deep inelastic scattering with four-momentum transfers Q 2 > 3 GeV 2 and in photoproduction at energies around W γp ∼ 88 GeV and 194 GeV. Next-to-Leading Order QCD calculations are found to describe the differential cross sections within theoretical and experimental uncertainties. Using these calculations, the NLO gluon momentum distribution in the proton, x g g(x g ), has been extracted in the momentum fraction range 7.5 x 10 -4 g -2 at average scales μ 2 = 25 to 50 GeV 2 . The gluon momentum fraction x g has been obtained from the measured kinematics of the scattered electron and the D * meson in the final state. The results compare well with the gluon distribution obtained from the analysis of scaling violations of the proton structure function F 2

Jets and QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, A.; Kramer, G.

2010-12-01

The observation of quark and gluon jets has played a crucial role in establishing Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD] as the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics. The jets, narrowly collimated bundles of hadrons, reflect configurations of quarks and gluons at short distances. Thus, by analysing energy and angular distributions of the jets experimentally, the properties of the basic constituents of matter and the strong forces acting between them can be explored. In this review we summarise the properties of quark and gluon jets and the impact of their observation on Quantum Chromodynamics, primarily the discovery of the gluons as the carriers of the strong force. Focusing on these basic points, jets in e + e - collisions will be in the foreground of the discussion. In addition we will delineate the role of jets as tools for exploring other particle aspects in ep and pp/p anti p collisions - quark and gluon densities in protons, measurements of the QCD coupling, fundamental 2-2 quark/gluon scattering processes, but also the impact of jet decays of top quarks, and W ± ,Z bosons on the electroweak sector. The presentation to a large extent is formulated in a non-technical language with the intent to recall the significant steps historically and convey the significance of this field also to communities beyond high energy physics. (orig.)

Jets and QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ali, A. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Kramer, G. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik

2010-12-15

The observation of quark and gluon jets has played a crucial role in establishing Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD] as the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics. The jets, narrowly collimated bundles of hadrons, reflect configurations of quarks and gluons at short distances. Thus, by analysing energy and angular distributions of the jets experimentally, the properties of the basic constituents of matter and the strong forces acting between them can be explored. In this review we summarise the properties of quark and gluon jets and the impact of their observation on Quantum Chromodynamics, primarily the discovery of the gluons as the carriers of the strong force. Focusing on these basic points, jets in e{sup +}e{sup -} collisions will be in the foreground of the discussion. In addition we will delineate the role of jets as tools for exploring other particle aspects in ep and pp/p anti p collisions - quark and gluon densities in protons, measurements of the QCD coupling, fundamental 2-2 quark/gluon scattering processes, but also the impact of jet decays of top quarks, and W{sup {+-}},Z bosons on the electroweak sector. The presentation to a large extent is formulated in a non-technical language with the intent to recall the significant steps historically and convey the significance of this field also to communities beyond high energy physics. (orig.)

Quark-gluon plasma in strong magnetic fields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalaydzhyan, Tigran

2013-04-15

One of the fundamental problems in subatomic physics is the determination of properties of matter at extreme temperatures, densities and electromagnetic fields. The modern ultrarelativistic heavy-ion experiments are able to study such states (the quark-gluon plasma) and indicate that the physics at extreme conditions differs drastically from what is known from the conventional observations. Also the theoretical methods developed mostly within the perturbative framework face various conceptual problems and need to be replaced by a nonperturbative approach. In this thesis we study the physics of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma in external magnetic fields as well as general electromagnetic and topological properties of the QCD and QCD-like systems. We develop and apply various nonperturbative techniques, based on e.g. gauge-gravity correspondence, lattice QCD simulations, relativistic hydrodynamics and condensed-matter-inspired models.

Quark-gluon plasma in strong magnetic fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalaydzhyan, Tigran

2013-04-01

One of the fundamental problems in subatomic physics is the determination of properties of matter at extreme temperatures, densities and electromagnetic fields. The modern ultrarelativistic heavy-ion experiments are able to study such states (the quark-gluon plasma) and indicate that the physics at extreme conditions differs drastically from what is known from the conventional observations. Also the theoretical methods developed mostly within the perturbative framework face various conceptual problems and need to be replaced by a nonperturbative approach. In this thesis we study the physics of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma in external magnetic fields as well as general electromagnetic and topological properties of the QCD and QCD-like systems. We develop and apply various nonperturbative techniques, based on e.g. gauge-gravity correspondence, lattice QCD simulations, relativistic hydrodynamics and condensed-matter-inspired models.

DESY: QCD workshop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ingelman, Gunnar

1994-01-01

The traditional annual DESY Theory Workshop highlights a topical theory sector. The most recent was under the motto 'Quantum Chromo-Dynamics' - QCD, the field theory of quarks and gluons. The organizers had arranged a programme covering most aspects of current QCD research. This time the workshop was followed by a topical meeting on 'QCD at HERA' to look at the electron-proton scattering experiments now in operation at DESY's new HERA collider

QCD : the theory of strong interactions Conference MT17

CERN Multimedia

2001-01-01

The theory of strong interactions,Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), predicts that the strong interaction is transmitted by the exchange of particles called gluons. Unlike the messengers of electromagnetism photons, which are electrically neutral - gluons carry a strong charge associated with the interaction they mediate. QCD predicts that the strength of the interaction between quarks and gluons becomes weaker at higher energies. LEP has measured the evolution of the strong coupling constant up to energies of 200 GeV and has confirmed this prediction.

High energy evolution of soft gluon cascades

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shuvaev, A.; Wallon, S.

2006-01-01

In this paper we derive an evolution equation for the gluon density in soft gluon cascades emitted from any colored source, in the leading logarithmic approximation of perturbative QCD. We show that this equation has the same form as the BFKL equation in the forward case. An explicit expression for the total cascade wavefunction involving an arbitrary number of soft gluons is obtained. Renormalization of the colored source wavefunction turns out to be responsible for the reggeization of the source. (orig.)

High energy evolution of soft gluon cascades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shuvaev, A. [St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St. Petersburg district (Russian Federation); Wallon, S. [Universite Paris XI, Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, Orsay Cedex (France)

2006-04-15

In this paper we derive an evolution equation for the gluon density in soft gluon cascades emitted from any colored source, in the leading logarithmic approximation of perturbative QCD. We show that this equation has the same form as the BFKL equation in the forward case. An explicit expression for the total cascade wavefunction involving an arbitrary number of soft gluons is obtained. Renormalization of the colored source wavefunction turns out to be responsible for the reggeization of the source. (orig.)

Ward identities for amplitudes with reggeized gluons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartles, J.; Vacca, G.P.

2012-05-01

Starting from the effective action of high energy QCD we derive Ward identities for Green's functions of reggeized gluons. They follow from the gauge invariance of the effective action, and allow to derive new representations of amplitudes containing physical particles as well as reggeized gluons. We explicitly demonstrate their validity for the BFKL kernel, and we present a new derivation of the kernel.

All-loops calculation of the structure function x→0 in perturbative QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catani, S.

1991-01-01

We study in perturbative QCD the initial-state radiation associated to hadron processes in the semi-hard region of small x (x is the Bjorken variable). A recent analysis of the exclusive multi-gluon distributions to double (infrared and collinear) logarithmic accuracy is extended to the case of inclusive distributions, which we evaluate to single (infrared) logarithmic accuracy. Thus the resulting x→0 structure function or N→1 gluon anomalous dimension is computed to all-loops accuracy. For the inclusive distributions we are able to perform a calculation to such an accuracy by extensively using cancellations which originate from coherence of QCD radiation and the infrared regularity of real-virtual singularities. We find that the x→0 structure function satisfies the Lipatov equation. With the present study we therefore provide a new derivation of the Lipatov result in the context of hard collisions together with a fully exclusive description. We discuss the structure of the Lipatov equation in relation with the x→0 exclusive distributions previously obtained and with the Altarelli-Parisi equation valid for finite values of x. (orig.)

What happens at the end of the QCD cascades?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersson, B.

1999-01-01

This is a progress report on recent work done in Lund to describe the final steps in the QCD coherent bremsstrahlung cascades, with particular emphasis on the occurrence of a size parameter c=11/6 in phase space. Two gluons, being interacting vector particles, remain due to helicity conservation effectively apart a distance c, counted in generalised rapidity (a notion which I define in the text but essentially corresponds to rapidity measured along the color flux lines of the field between the gluons). The same size c also occurs in the β-function as a measure of the region, inside which a virtual gluon splitting via reabsorption in the next step of perturbation theory corresponds to a ''loss-term'' in the Callan-Symanzik equations. Our conclusion is that at the end of the cascades when the dipole masses (M d ) are such that log (M d 2 /Λ 2 )∼nc with n a few units, then an ordered field of a helix character emerges, i.e. a set of final ''screwy gluons'' are emitted in an ordered way in rapidity and azimuthal angle around the dipole axes so that the color lines are turning around. (orig.)

QCD tests at CDF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovacs, E.

1996-02-01

We present results for the inclusive jet cross section and the dijet mass distribution. The inclusive cross section and dijet mass both exhibit significant deviations from the predictions of NLO QCD for jets with E T >200 GeV, or dijet masses > 400 GeV/c 2 . We show that it is possible, within a global QCD analysis that includes the CDF inclusive jet data, to modify the gluon distribution at high x. The resulting increase in the jet cross-section predictions is 25-35%. Owing to the presence of k T smearing effects, the direct photon data does not provide as strong a constraint on the gluon distribution as previously thought. A comparison of the CDF and UA2 jet data, which have a common range in x, is plagued by theoretical and experimental uncertainties, and cannot at present confirm the CDF excess or the modified gluon distribution

Duality and multi-gluon scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mangano, M.; Parke, S.; Xu Zhan

1988-01-01

For the six-gluon scattering process we give explicit and simple expressions for the amplitude and its square. To achieve this we use an analogy with string theories to identify a unique procedure for writing the multi-gluon scattering amplitudes in terms of a sum of gauge invariant dual sub-amplitudes multiplied by an appropriate color (Chan-Paton) factor. The sub-amplitudes defined in this way are invariant under cyclic permutations, satisfy powerful identities which relate different non-cyclic permutations and factorize in the soft gluon limit, the two-gluon collinear limit and on multi-gluon poles. Also, to leading order in the number of colors these sub-amplitudes sum incoherently in the square of the full matrix element. The results contained here are important for Monte Carlo studies of multi-jet processes at hadron colliders as well as for understanding the general structure of QCD. (orig.)

Gluon 2- and 3-Point Correlation Functions on the Lattice

OpenAIRE

Parrinello, Claudio

1993-01-01

I present some preliminary results, obtained in collaboration with C. Bernard and A. Soni, for the lattice evaluation of 2- and 3-point gluon correlation functions in momentum space, with emphasis on the amputated 3-gluon vertex function. The final goal of this approach is the study of the running QCD coupling constant as defined from the amputated 3-gluon vertex.

2- and 3-point gluon correlation functions on the lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parrinello, C. (Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Edinburgh (United Kingdom))

1994-04-01

I present some preliminary results, obtained in collaboration with C. Bernard and A. Soni, for the lattice evaluation of 2- and 3-point gluon correlation functions in momentum space, with emphasis on the amputated 3-gluon vertex function. The final goal of this approach is the study of the running QCD coupling constant as defined from the amputated 3-gluon vertex. (orig.)

PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER, RIKEN WINTER SCHOOL, QUARK GLUON STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON AND QCD, MARCH 29-31, 2002.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

EN YO,H.; SAITO,N.; SHIBATA,T.A.; YAZAKI,K.; BUNCE,G.

2002-03-29

The RIKEN School on ''Quark-Gluon Structure of the Nucleon and QCD'' was held from March 29th through 31st at the Nishina Memorial Hall of RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan, sponsored by RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research). The school was the second of a new series with a broad perspective of hadron and nuclear physics. The purpose of the school was to offer young researchers an opportunity to learn theoretical aspects of hadron physics based on QCD and related experimental programs being or to be carried out by Japanese groups. We had 3 theoretical courses, each consisting of 3 one-hour lectures, and 6 experimental courses, each consisting of a one-hour lecture.

Excited QCD 2017

CERN Document Server

2017-01-01

This edition is the ninth in a series of workshops that had been previously organised in Poland (2009), Slovakia (2010 and 2015), France (2011), Portugal (2012 and 2016) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2013 and 2014). In the year 2017 the workshop goes to the beautiful Sintra near Lisbon, Portugal. The workshop covers diverse aspects of QCD: (i) QCD at low energies: excited hadrons, new resonances, glueballs, multiquarks. (ii) QCD at high temperatures and large densities: heavy-ion collisions, jets, diffraction, hadronisation, quark-gluon plasma, holography, colour-glass condensate, compact stars, applications to astrophysics.

Effective field theory approach to parton-hadron conversion in high energy QCD processes

CERN Document Server

Kinder-Geiger, Klaus

1995-01-01

A QCD based effective action is constructed to describe the dynamics of confinement and symmetry breaking in the process of parton-hadron conversion. The deconfined quark and gluon degrees of freedom of the perturbative QCD vacuum are coupled to color singlet collective fields representing the non-perturbative vacuum with broken scale and chiral symmetry. The effective action recovers QCD with its scale and chiral symmetry properties at short space-time distances, but yields at large distances (r > 1 fm) to the formation of symmetry breaking gluon and quark condensates. The approach is applied to the evolution of a fragmenting q\\bar q pair with its generated gluon distribution, starting from a large hard scale Q^2. The modification of the gluon distribution arising from the coupling to the non-perturbative collective field results eventually in a complete condensation of gluons. Color flux tube configurations of the gluons in between the q\\bar q pair are obtained as solutions of the equations of motion. With ...

QCD and string theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen-Tannoudji, G.

1990-01-01

This paper is devoted to a review of the connections between quantumchromodynamics (QCD) and string theories. One reviews the phenomenological models leading to string pictures in non perturbative QCD and the string effects, related to soft gluon coherence, which arise in perturbative QCD. One tries to build a string theory which goes to QCD at the zero slope limit. A specific model, based on superstring theories is shown to agree with QCD four point amplitudes at the Born approximation and with one loop corrections. One shows how this approach can provide a theoretical framework to account for the phenomenological property of parton-hadron duality

QCD and hadronic strings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen-Tannoudji, G.

1989-01-01

This series of lectures is devoted to review ot he connections between QCD and string theories. One reviews the phenomenological models leading to string pictures in non perturbative QCD and the string effects, related to soft gluon coherence, which arise in perturbative QCD. One tries to build a string theory which goes to QCD at the zero slope limit. A specific model, based on superstring theories is shown to agree with QCD four point amplitudes at the Born approximation and with one loop corrections. One shows how this approach can provide a theoretical framework to account for the phenomenological property of parton-hadron duality.(author)

Gluon field distribution in baryons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bissey, F.; Cao, F-G.; Kitson, A.; Lasscock, B.G.; Leinweber, D.B.; Signal, A.I.; Williams, A.G.; Zanotti, J.M.

2005-01-01

Methods for revealing the distribution of gluon fields within the three-quark static-baryon potential are presented. In particular, we outline methods for studying the sensitivity of the source on the emerging vacuum response for the three-quark system. At the same time, we explore the possibility of revealing gluon-field distributions in three-quark systems in QCD without the use of gauge-dependent smoothing techniques. Renderings of flux tubes from a preliminary high-statistics study on a 12 3 x 24 lattice are presented

Small-χ behavior and patron staturation: A QCD model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, A.H.

1990-01-01

A QCD model is defined to study questions of quark and gluon parton saturation at small χ-values. The model uses a source consisting of a nucleus of heavy quarkonium bound states, states well understood in QCD. Deeply inelastic scattering, using the currents j(χ)=1/4F a μν F a μν and j μ (χ)=ψγ μ ψ, is evaluated in Born and one-loop approximation in order to extract quark and gluon distributions. Quark distributions are observed to saturate while gluon distributions have a saturating and a nonsaturating component. (orig.)

One-loop light-cone QCD, effective action for reggeized gluons and QCD RFT calculus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bondarenko, S.; Pozdnyakov, S.; Prygarin, A. [Ariel University, Physics Department, Ariel (Israel); Lipatov, L. [St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (Russian Federation)

2017-09-15

The effective action for reggeized gluons is based on the gluodynamic Yang-Mills Lagrangian with external current for longitudinal gluons added, see Lipatov (Nucl Phys B 452:369, 1995; Phys Rep 286:131, 1997; Subnucl Ser 49:131, 2013; Int J Mod Phys Conf Ser 39:1560082, 2015; Int J Mod Phys A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016; EPJ Web Conf 125:01010, 2016). On the base of classical solutions, obtained in Bondarenko et al. (Eur Phys J C 77(8):527, 2017), the one-loop corrections to this effective action in light-cone gauge are calculated. The RFT calculus for reggeized gluons similarly to the RFT introduced in Gribov (Sov Phys JETP 26:414, 1968) is proposed and discussed. The correctness of the results is verified by calculation of the propagators of A{sub +} and A{sub -} reggeized gluons fields and application of the obtained results is discussed as well. (orig.)

Quark-gluon plasma, and strangeness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rafelski, Johann; Letessier, Jean

2002-01-01

In order to recognize the new form of matter created at RHIC and SPS as the deconfined quark-gluon plasma state (QGP), we need to understand the expected properties of this phase near to the conditions of its formation and disintegration. Thus, we first develop a model of QGP considering the constrains arising from QCD properties and lattice results, and explore its properties. In the second part, we describe the kinetic theory of strangeness production in the QGP phase. We show that gluon fusion dominate and evaluate the degree of equilibration expected at RHIC

Charmed quark production as a gluon probe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phillips, R.J.N.

1980-09-01

The lowest-order QCD mechanisms for producing cc or other heavy quarks depend on the gluon distributions in hadrons; hence the latter can be extracted directly from experiment. Recent results are described. (author)

Dynamical gluon mass in the instanton vacuum model

Science.gov (United States)

Musakhanov, M.; Egamberdiev, O.

2018-04-01

We consider the modifications of gluon properties in the instanton liquid model (ILM) for the QCD vacuum. Rescattering of gluons on instantons generates the dynamical momentum-dependent gluon mass Mg (q). First, we consider the case of a scalar gluon, no zero-mode problem occurs and its dynamical mass Ms (q) can be found. Using the typical phenomenological values of the average instanton size ρ = 1 / 3 fm and average inter-instanton distance R = 1 fm we get Ms (0) = 256 MeV. We then extend this approach to the real vector gluon with zero-modes carefully considered. We obtain the following expression Mg2 (q) = 2 Ms2 (q). This modification of the gluon in the instanton media will shed light on nonperturbative aspect on heavy quarkonium physics.

Two theoretical treatments of the quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrington, M.E.

1989-01-01

The study of the quark-gluon plasma is of direct relevance to questions about the confinement properties of QCD and the validity of the standard theory of QCD in a different physical regime. Part 1 of this work contains a brief discussion of the theoretical and numerical evidence for the existence of the quark-gluon plasma. In the next two sections, two different approaches are discussed. In Part 2, the problem is presented in the general framework of kinetic theory. A definition of the Wigner distribution operator is introduced for quarks and a set of kinetic equations are derived for the momentum moments of this operator. A Wigner distribution operator is defined for gluons and the momentum of this operator are calculated and related to physical quantities. In Part 3, a calculation of linear response functions in a hot gluon plasma is presented. Problems related to gauge invariance and to the definition of a thermal ensemble in the presence of unphysical degrees of freedom are discussed. Results in different gauges and with different ensembles are compared, and the implications of the results for plasma oscillations are discussed

Role of the QCD induced gluon-gluon coupling to gauge boson pairs in the multitev region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ametller, L.; Gava, E.; Paver, N.; Treleani, D.

1985-02-01

We discuss the production of γγ and Zsup(O)γ pairs induced by the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism at typical supercollider energies. Due to the large flux of gluons with small fractional momenta, it is found that in certain kinematical configurations that subprocess, although of order (αsub(S)/π) 2 with respect to the leading quark annihilation, can give an appreciable contribution to the cross-section for Zsup(O)γ and even a larger one for the γγ production. (author)

Gluon and quark jets in a recursive model motivated by quantum chromodynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sukhatme, U.P.

1979-01-01

We compute observable quantities like the multiplicity and momentum distributions of hadrons in gluon and quark jets in the framework of a recursive cascade model, which is strongly motivated by the fundamental interactions of QCD. Fragmentation occurs via 3 types of breakups: quark → meson + quark, gluon → meson + gluon, gluon → quark + antiquark. In our model gluon jets are softer than quark jets. The ratio of gluon jet to quark jet multiplicity is found to be 2 asymptotically, but much less at lower energies. Some phenomenological consequences for γ decay are discussed. (orig.)

The structure of the gluon propagator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leinweber, D.B.; Parrinello, C.; Skullerud, J.I.; Williams, A.G

1999-03-01

The gluon propagator has been calculated for quenched QCD in the Landau gauge at {beta} = 6.0 for volumes 16{sup 3} x 48 and 32{sup 3} x 64, and at {beta} 6.2 for volume 24{sup 3} x 48. The large volume and different lattice spacings allow us to identify and minimise finite volume and finite lattice spacing artefacts. We also study the tensor structure of the gluon propagator, confirming that it obeys the lattice Landau gauge condition.

Equation of state of quasi-free gluon gas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chakrabarty, Somenath; Syam, Debapriyo

1993-01-01

The object of this work is to derive an equation of state for a system of gluons beyond the deconfining temperature (∼200 MeV) with phenomenological applications in mind. Our starting point is the relativistic virial theorem. We assume that the non-Abelian nature of QCD (especially the confirming gluon-gluon interaction), as far as the gluon gas is concerned, can be accounted for by postulating a bag pressure (B), while the residual interaction among the gluons can be treated as if the problem is Abelian. Near the 'critical' temperature the residual interactions are seen to play an important role. Also the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is required to be replaced by an effective constant having a somewhat smaller value. (Author)

A two-loop four-gluon helicity amplitude in QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dixon, L.

2000-01-06

The authors present the two-loop pure gauge contribution to the gluon-gluon scattering amplitude with maximal helicity violation. The construction of the amplitude does not rely directly on Feynman diagrams, but instead uses its analytic properties 4--2{epsilon} dimensions. The authors evaluate the loop integrals appearing in the amplitude through order({epsilon}{sup 0})in terms of polylogarithms.

Structure functions and pair correlations of the quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thoma, Markus H.

2005-01-01

Recent experiments at RHIC and theoretical considerations indicate that the quark-gluon plasma, present in the fireball of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, might be in a liquid phase. The liquid state can be identified by characteristic correlation and structure functions. Here definitions of the structure functions and pair correlations of the quark-gluon plasma are presented as well as perturbative results. These definitions might be useful for verifying the quark-gluon-plasma liquid in QCD lattice calculations

Quark-Gluon Plasma

CERN Document Server

1990-01-01

This volume contains 14 review articles on the theory and phenomenology of the creation and diagnosis of quark-gluon plasma. They are written by active investigators of in the various research topics, which range from the QCD foundation through transport theory and thermalization models to the examination of possible signatures. The monograph should be useful not only to the experienced researchers in the subject but also to newcomers.

Non-perturbative inputs for gluon distributions in the hadrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ermolaev, B.I.; Troyan, S.I.

2017-01-01

Description of hadronic reactions at high energies is conventionally done in the framework of QCD factorization. All factorization convolutions comprise non-perturbative inputs mimicking non-perturbative contributions and perturbative evolution of those inputs. We construct inputs for the gluon-hadron scattering amplitudes in the forward kinematics and, using the optical theorem, convert them into inputs for gluon distributions in the hadrons, embracing the cases of polarized and unpolarized hadrons. In the first place, we formulate mathematical criteria which any model for the inputs should obey and then suggest a model satisfying those criteria. This model is based on a simple reasoning: after emitting an active parton off the hadron, the remaining set of spectators becomes unstable and therefore it can be described through factors of the resonance type, so we call it the resonance model. We use it to obtain non-perturbative inputs for gluon distributions in unpolarized and polarized hadrons for all available types of QCD factorization: basic, K_T-and collinear factorizations. (orig.)

Non-perturbative inputs for gluon distributions in the hadrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ermolaev, B.I. [Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation); Troyan, S.I. [St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gatchina (Russian Federation)

2017-03-15

Description of hadronic reactions at high energies is conventionally done in the framework of QCD factorization. All factorization convolutions comprise non-perturbative inputs mimicking non-perturbative contributions and perturbative evolution of those inputs. We construct inputs for the gluon-hadron scattering amplitudes in the forward kinematics and, using the optical theorem, convert them into inputs for gluon distributions in the hadrons, embracing the cases of polarized and unpolarized hadrons. In the first place, we formulate mathematical criteria which any model for the inputs should obey and then suggest a model satisfying those criteria. This model is based on a simple reasoning: after emitting an active parton off the hadron, the remaining set of spectators becomes unstable and therefore it can be described through factors of the resonance type, so we call it the resonance model. We use it to obtain non-perturbative inputs for gluon distributions in unpolarized and polarized hadrons for all available types of QCD factorization: basic, K{sub T}-and collinear factorizations. (orig.)

Exploring the Quark-Gluon Content of Hadrons: From Mesons to Nuclear Matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hrayr Matevosyan

2007-01-01

Even though Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) was formulated over three decades ago, it poses enormous challenges for describing the properties of hadrons from the underlying quark-gluon degrees of freedom. Moreover, the problem of describing the nuclear force from its quark-gluon origin is still open. While a direct solution of QCD to describe the hadrons and nuclear force is not possible at this time, we explore a variety of developed approaches ranging from phenomenology to first principle calculations at one or other level of approximation in linking the nuclear force to QCD. The Dyson Schwinger formulation (DSE) of coupled integral equations for the QCD Green's functions allows a non-perturbative approach to describe hadronic properties, starting from the level of QCD n-point functions. A significant approximation in this method is the employment of a finite truncation of the system of DSEs, that might distort the physical picture. In this work we explore the effects of including a more complete truncation of the quark-gluon vertex function on the resulting solutions for the quark 2-point functions as well as the pseudoscalar and vector meson masses. The exploration showed strong indications of possibly large contributions from the explicit inclusion of the gluon 3- and 4-point functions that are omitted in this and previous analyses. We then explore the possibility of extrapolating state of the art lattice QCD calculations of nucleon form factors to the physical regime using phenomenological models of nucleon structure. Finally, we further developed the Quark Meson Coupling model for describing atomic nuclei and nuclear matter, where the quark-gluon structure of nucleons is modeled by the MIT bag model and the nucleon many body interaction is mediated by the exchange of scalar and vector mesons. This approach allows us to formulate a fully relativistic theory, which can be expanded in the nonrelativistic limit to reproduce the well known phenomenological Skyrme

Playing with QCD I: effective field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fraga, Eduardo S.

2009-01-01

The building blocks of hadrons are quarks and gluons, although color is confined into singlet states. QCD is believed to be the fundamental theory of strong interactions. Its asymptotically free nature puts the vacuum out of reach for perturbation theory. The Lagrangian of QCD and the Feynman rules associated were built by using the Gauge Principle, starting from the quark matter fields and obtaining gluons as connections. A simpler, and sometimes necessary or complementary, approach is provided by effective field theories or effective models, especially when one has to deal with the nonperturbative sector of the theory. (author)

NNLO time-like splitting functions in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moch, S.; Vogt, A.

2008-07-01

We review the status of the calculation of the time-like splitting functions for the evolution of fragmentation functions to the next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. By employing relations between space-like and time-like deep-inelastic processes, all quark-quark and the gluon-gluon time-like splitting functions have been obtained to three loops. The corresponding quantities for the quark-gluon and gluon-quark splitting at this order are presently still unknown except for their second Mellin moments. (orig.)

Standard model group, QCD subgroup - dynamics isolating and testing the elementary QCD subprocess

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tannenbaum, M.J.

1982-01-01

QCD to an experimentalist is the theory of interactions of quarks and gluons. Experimentalists like QCD because QCD is analogous to QED. Thus, following Drell and others who have for many years studied the validity of QED, one has a ready-made menu for tests of QCD. There are the static and long distance tests. These topics are covered by Peter LePage in the static properties group. In this report, dynamic and short distance tests of QCD will be discussed, primarily via reactions with large transverse momenta. This report is an introduction and overview of the subject, to serve as a framework for other reports from the subgroup. In the last two sections, the author has taken the opportunity to discuss his own ideas and opinions

Experimental study of rapidity gaps in gluon jets

CERN Document Server

Gary, J W

2003-01-01

Gluon jets are selected from hadronic Z/sup 0/ decay events produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilations, collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. A subsample of these jets is identified which exhibit a large gap in the rapidity distribution of particles within the jet. These jets are observed to demonstrate a high degree of sensitivity to the presence of color reconnection, i.e. higher order QCD processes affecting the underlying color structure. We test two QCD Monte Carlo programs which implement color reconnection: one in the Ariadne Monte Carlo and the other by Rathsman in the Pythia Monte Carlo. We find these models can describe our gluon jet measurements only if very large values are used for the cutoff parameters which serve to terminate the parton showers, and conclude that color reconnection as implemented in these models is disfavored. Further, we use our data on gluon jets with a rapidity gap to search for glueball-like objects in the leading part of those jets. We do not find any clear evidence for...

Solving QCD using multi-regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

This talk outlines the derivation of a high-energy, transverse momentum cut-off, solution of QCD in which the Regge pole and ''single gluon'' properties of the pomeron are directly related to the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of the hadron spectrum. In first approximation, the pomeron is a single reggeized gluon plus a ''wee parton'' component that compensates for the color and particle properties of the gluon. This solution corresponds to a supercritical phase of Reggeon Field Theory

QCD : the theory of strong interactions Exhibition LEPFest 2000

CERN Multimedia

2000-01-01

The theory of strong interactions,Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD),predicts that the strong interac- tion is transmitted by the exchange of particles called glu- ons.Unlike the messengers of electromagnetism -pho- tons,which are electrically neutral -gluons carry a strong charge associated with the interaction they mediate. QCD predicts that the strength of the interaction between quarks and gluons becomes weaker at higher energies.LEP has measured the evolution of the strong coupling constant up to energies of 200 GeV and has confirmed this prediction.

Higgs as a gluon trigger

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cipriano, P.; Dooling, S.; Grebenyuk, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Katsas, P.; Hautmann, F.; Oxford Univ.; Jung, H.; Antwerpen Univ.

2013-08-01

In the forthcoming high-luminosity phase at the LHC many of the most interesting QCD measurements so far become prohibitively difficult due to the high pile-up. We suggest a program of QCD measurements based on the observed Higgs boson which can be started now and can be carried through also in the large pile-up environment at high luminosity. It focuses on gluonic processes at high mass scales, and their distinctive QCD features compared to classic probes such as Drell-Yan. It explores the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model both at high transverse momenta and at low transverse momenta, by investigating issues on gluon fusion processes which have never been addressed experimentally before. We discuss a few specific examples and present results of Monte Carlo simulations.

Higgs as a gluon trigger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cipriano, P.; Dooling, S.; Grebenyuk, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Katsas, P. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Hautmann, F. [Sussex Univ., Brighton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Jung, H. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Antwerpen Univ. (Belgium). Elementaire Deeltjes Fysica

2013-08-15

In the forthcoming high-luminosity phase at the LHC many of the most interesting QCD measurements so far become prohibitively difficult due to the high pile-up. We suggest a program of QCD measurements based on the observed Higgs boson which can be started now and can be carried through also in the large pile-up environment at high luminosity. It focuses on gluonic processes at high mass scales, and their distinctive QCD features compared to classic probes such as Drell-Yan. It explores the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model both at high transverse momenta and at low transverse momenta, by investigating issues on gluon fusion processes which have never been addressed experimentally before. We discuss a few specific examples and present results of Monte Carlo simulations.

The angular ordering in soft-gluon emission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tesima, K.

1987-01-01

The way to evaluate multi-parton cross-sections systematically is discussed. In the leading-double-log approximation in QCD, the successive emission of soft gluons is at successively smaller angles. The angular ordering, however, is violated in the next-to-leading order

QCD tests and large momentum-transfer reactions at CBA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Longacre, R.; Tannenbaum, M.J.

1983-03-01

It is desirable to try to find fundamental tests of QCD which are sensitive to the specific properties of gluons and the non-Alelian structure of the theory, which would show that the theory is computable above leading order, and which are insensitive to the extraneous parameters such as structure functions, fragmentation functions and the like. Such tests can occur when higher-order corrections produce interference effects which must be zero in lowest order. One such effect is the linear polarization of direct single photons produced in p-p collisions. It is claimed that this polarization provides a rigorous test of perturbative QCD as well as an important check on the color hypothesis. This latter aspect is particularly attractive because the polarization involves the three-gluon interaction and the equality of the quark-gluon and three-gluon coupling in an essential way. Plans for studies at the CBA are discussed

Collinear and TMD quark and gluon densities from parton branching solution of QCD evolution equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hautmann, F. [Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton (United Kingdom); Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Theoretical Physics; Antwerpen Univ. (Belgium). Elementaire Deeltjes Fysica; Jung, H.; Lelek, A.; Zlebcik, R. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Radescu, V. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)

2017-08-15

We study parton-branching solutions of QCD evolution equations and present a method to construct both collinear and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton densities from this approach. We work with next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy in the strong coupling. Using the unitarity picture in terms of resolvable and non-resolvable branchings, we analyze the role of the soft-gluon resolution scale in the evolution equations. For longitudinal momentum distributions, we find agreement of our numerical calculations with existing evolution programs at the level of better than 1 percent over a range of five orders of magnitude both in evolution scale and in longitudinal momentum fraction. We make predictions for the evolution of transverse momentum distributions. We perform fits to the high-precision deep inelastic scattering (DIS) structure function measurements, and we present a set of NLO TMD distributions based on the parton branching approach.

Non-perturbative QCD correlation functions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cyrol, Anton Konrad

2017-11-27

Functional methods provide access to the non-perturbative regime of quantum chromo- dynamics. Hence, they allow investigating confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. In this dissertation, correlation functions of Yang-Mills theory and unquenched two-flavor QCD are computed from the functional renormalization group. Employing a self-consistent vertex expansion of the effective action, Yang-Mills correlation functions are obtained in four as well as in three spacetime dimensions. To this end, confinement and Slavnov-Taylor identities are discussed. Our numerical results show very good agreement with corresponding lattice results. Next, unquenched two-flavor QCD is considered where it is shown that the unquenched two-flavor gluon propagator is insensitive to the pion mass. Furthermore, the necessity for consistent truncations is emphasized. Finally, correlation functions of finite-temperature Yang-Mills theory are computed in a truncation that includes the splitting of the gluon field into directions that are transverse and longitudinal to the heat bath. In particular, it includes the splitting of the three- and four-gluon vertices. The obtained gluon propagator allows to extract a Debye screening mass that coincides with the hard thermal loop screening mass at high temperatures, but is meaningful also at temperatures below the phase transition temperature.

The LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung: 4-gluon vertices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arnold, Peter; Chang, Han-Chih [Department of Physics, University of Virginia,382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714 (United States); Iqbal, Shahin [National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, 45320 (Pakistan)

2016-10-24

The splitting processes of bremsstrahlung and pair production in a medium are coherent over large distances in the very high energy limit, which leads to a suppression known as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. In this paper, we continue study of the case when the coherence lengths of two consecutive splitting processes overlap (which is important for understanding corrections to standard treatments of the LPM effect in QCD), avoiding soft-gluon approximations. In particular, this paper completes the calculation of the rate for real double gluon bremsstrahlung from an initial gluon with various simplifying assumptions (thick media; q̂ approximation; and large N{sub c}) by now including processes involving 4-gluon vertices.

The quark and gluon condensates in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1991-10-01

Systematic study of the role of the nonperturbative gluon condensate arising in a QCD motivated NJL model is presented. The effects of the gluon condensate on meson coupling constants, the pion decay constant, quark condensate and mass formulae are investigated. An interesting result is the decrease of the scale Λ of chiral symmetry breaking. (author). 21 refs

Solving QCD via multi-Regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

A high-energy, transverse momentum cut-off, solution of QCD is outlined. Regge pole and single gluon properties of the pomeron are directly related to the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of the hadron spectrum. This solution, which corresponds to a supercritical phase of Reggeon Field Theory, may only be applicable to QCD with a very special quark content

On-shell recurrence relations for one-loop QCD amplitudes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bern, Zvi; Dixon, Lance J.; Kosower, David A.

2005-01-01

We present examples of on-shell recurrence relations for determining rational functions appearing in one-loop QCD amplitudes. In particular, we give relations for one-loop QCD amplitudes with all legs of positive helicity, or with one leg of negative helicity and the rest of positive helicity. Our recurrence relations are similar to the tree-level ones described by Britto, Cachazo, Feng, and Witten. A number of new features arise for loop amplitudes in nonsupersymmetric theories like QCD, including boundary terms and double poles. We show how to eliminate the boundary terms, which would interfere with obtaining useful relations. Using the relations we give compact explicit expressions for the n-gluon amplitudes with one negative-helicity gluon, up through n=7

The rational parts of one-loop QCD amplitudes I: The general formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Zhiguang; Yang Gang; Zhu Chuanjie

2006-01-01

A general formalism for computing only the rational parts of one-loop QCD amplitudes is developed. Starting from the Feynman integral representation of the one-loop amplitude, we use tensor reduction and recursive relations to compute the rational parts directly. Explicit formulas for the rational parts are given for all bubble and triangle integrals. Formulas are also given for box integrals up to two-mass-hard boxes which are the needed ingredients to compute up to 6-gluon QCD amplitudes. We use this method to compute explicitly the rational parts of the 5- and 6-gluon QCD amplitudes in two accompanying papers

Virtual Compton Scattering off a Spinless Target in the AdS/QCD correspondence

CERN Document Server

Marquet, C.; Wallon, S.

2010-01-01

We perform a study of the doubly virtual Compton scattering off a spinless target gamma* P -> gamma* P' within the Anti-de Sitter(AdS)/QCD formalism. We find that the general structure allowed by the Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance of the Compton amplitude is not easily reproduced with the standard recipes of the AdS/QCD correspondence. In the soft-photon regime, where the semi-classical approximation is supposed to apply best, we show that the measurements of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of a target like the charged pion in real Compton scattering, can already serve as stringent tests, and presumably exclude results based on the AdS/QCD correspondence in its minimal version.

Measurement and QCD Interpretation of the Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering Cross Section by H1

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2001-01-01

Deep inelastic electron proton collisions are a straightforward tool to study the QCD dynamics between quarks and gluons in the proton. A recent measurement and QCD analysis of the deep inelastic scattering cross section by the H1 experiment at HERA are presented. In a NLO QCD analysis of H1 structure function data, the gluon distribution in the proton is extracted to typically 3% experimental accuracy at low Bjorken x.. In a combined analysis of H1 and high precision µp data by the CERN muon experiment BCDMS, the gluon distribution at low x and the strong coupling constant as were for the first time extracted simultaneously.The strong coupling constant is determined with about 1% experimental accuracy, and QCD at NLO is confirmed over 5 orders of magnitude of Bjorken x at a new level of precision.

Hadronic laws from QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cahill, R.T.

1992-01-01

A review is given of progress in deriving the effective action for hadronic physics, S[π, ρ, ω, .., anti N, N, ..], from the fundamental defining action of QCD, S[anti q, q, A μ a ]. This is a problem in quantum field theory and the most success so far has been achieved using functional integral calculus (FIC) techniques. This formulates the problem as an exercise in changing the variables of integration in the functional integrals, from those of the quark and gluon fields to those of the (bare) meson and baryon fields. The appropriate variables are determined by the dynamics of QCD, and the final hadronic variables (essentially the 'normal modes' of QCD) are local fields describing the 'centre-of-mass' motion of extended bound states of quarks. The quarks are extensively dressed by the gluons, and the detailed aspects of the hidden chiral symmetry emerge naturally from the formalism. Particular attention is given to covariant integral equations which determine bare nucleon structure (i.e. in the quenched approximation). These equations, which arise from the closed double-helix diagrams of the FIC analysis, describe the baryons in terms of quark-diquark structure, in the form of Faddeev equations. This hadronisation of QCD also generates the dressing of these baryons by the pions, and the non-local πNN coupling. (orig.)

Phenomenological Review on Quark-Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pasechnik, R.; Šumbera, Michal

2017-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 1 (2017), č. článku 7. ISSN 2218-1997 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LG13031; GA ČR GA13-20841S Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : extreme states of matter * heavy ion collisions * QCD critical point * quark-gluon plasma * saturation phenomena * QCD vacuum Subject RIV: BF - Elementary Particles and High Energy Physics OBOR OECD: Particles and field physics

CP-even scalar boson production via gluon fusion at the LHC

CERN Document Server

Anastasiou, Charalampos; Dulat, Falko; Furlan, Elisabetta; Gehrmann, Thomas; Herzog, Franz; Lazopoulos, Achilleas; Mistlberger, Bernhard

2016-09-07

In view of the searches at the LHC for scalar particle resonances in addition to the 125 GeV Higgs boson, we present the cross section for a CP-even scalar produced via gluon fusion at N3LO in perturbative QCD assuming that it couples directly to gluons in an effective theory approach. We refine our prediction by taking into account the possibility that the scalar couples to the top-quark and computing the corresponding contributions through NLO in perturbative QCD. We assess the theoretical uncertainties of the cross section due to missing higher-order QCD effects and we provide the necessary information for obtaining the cross section value and uncertainty from our results in specific scenarios beyond the Standard Model. We also give detailed results for the case of a 750 GeV scalar, which will be the subject of intense experimental studies.

Soft gluon contributions to hard processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciafaloni, M.

1981-10-01

The main concern of this paper is in trying to elucidate the origin of large QCD perturbative corrections and explain how to deal with them to all orders. They come essentially from the phase space regions close to the kinematical boundary of a hard process, in which one or many gluons become soft

Efficient Color-Dressed Calculation of Virtual Corrections

CERN Document Server

Giele, Walter; Winter, Jan

2010-01-01

With the advent of generalized unitarity and parametric integration techniques, the construction of a generic Next-to-Leading Order Monte Carlo becomes feasible. Such a generator will entail the treatment of QCD color in the amplitudes. We extend the concept of color dressing to one-loop amplitudes, resulting in the formulation of an explicit algorithmic solution for the calculation of arbitrary scattering processes at Next-to-Leading order. The resulting algorithm is of exponential complexity, that is the numerical evaluation time of the virtual corrections grows by a constant multiplicative factor as the number of external partons is increased. To study the properties of the method, we calculate the virtual corrections to $n$-gluon scattering.

Effects of gluon radiation in hadronic collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gustafson, Goesta.

1989-10-01

In this talk I discuss effects of gluon emission in soft collisions, the so-called 'soft radiation' in the Fritjof model. It is seen e.g. that the pT in the fragmentation regions, the seagull effect, increases with energy in fair agreement with experiments. I also discuss the content of strange and heavier quarks in high-pT gluon jets. Within the dipole scheme for QCD cascades on finds a larger production of heavier quarks than in previous approaches. Qualitative agreement with data is obtained for the K/π ratio and D meson production

Unusual identities for QCD at tree-level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bjerrum-Bohr, N E J; Damgaard, Poul H; Soendergaard, Thomas; Feng Bo

2011-01-01

We discuss a set of recently discovered quadratic relations between gauge theory amplitudes. Such relations give additional structural simplifications for amplitudes in QCD. Remarkably, their origin lie in an analogous set of relations that involve also gravitons. When certain gluon helicities are flipped we obtain relations that do not involve gravitons, but which refer only to QCD.

Bosonization with inclusion of the gluon condensate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.; Volkov, M.K.

1994-01-01

The effects of the gluon condensate on the quark condensate and on masses and coupling constants of composite mesons are discussed within a QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for zero temperature as well as for the case of finite temperature and baryon number density. (orig.)

Modeling the thermodynamics of QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hell, Thomas

2010-07-26

Strongly interacting (QCD) matter is expected to exhibit a multifaceted phase structure: a hadron gas at low temperatures, a quark-gluon plasma at very high temperatures, nuclear matter in the low-temperature and high-density region, color superconductors at asymptotically high densities. Most of the conjectured phases cannot yet be scrutinized by experiments. Much of the present picture - particularly concerning the intermediate temperature and density area of the phase diagram of QCD matter - is based on model calculations. Further insights come from Lattice-QCD computations. The present thesis elaborates a nonlocal covariant extension of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with built-in constraints from the running coupling of QCD at high-momentum and instanton physics at low-momentum scales. We present this model for two and three quark flavors (in the latter case paying particular attention to the axial anomaly). At finite temperatures and densities, gluon dynamics is incorporated through a gluonic background field, expressed in terms of the Polyakov loop (P). The thermodynamics of this nonlocal PNJL model accounts for both chiral and deconfinement transitions. We obtain results in mean-field approximation and beyond, including additional pionic and kaonic contributions to the chiral condensate, the pressure and other thermodynamic quantities. Finally, the nonlocal PNJL model is applied to the finite-density region of the QCD phase diagram; for three quark flavors we investigate, in particular, the dependence of the critical point appearing in the models on the axial anomaly. The thesis closes with a derivation of the nonlocal PNJL model from first principles of QCD. (orig.)

Probing gluon number fluctuation effects in future electron–hadron colliders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amaral, J.T.; Gonçalves, V.P. [Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS (Brazil); Kugeratski, M.S. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Joinville, Rua Presidente Prudente de Moraes, 406, CEP 89218-000, Joinville, SC (Brazil)

2014-10-15

The description of the QCD dynamics in the kinematical range which will be probed in the future electron–hadron colliders is still an open question. Although phenomenological studies indicate that the gluon number fluctuations, which are related to discreteness in the QCD evolution, are negligible at HERA, the magnitude of these effects for the next generation of colliders still should be estimated. In this paper we investigate inclusive and diffractive ep observables considering a model for the physical scattering amplitude which describes the HERA data. Moreover, we estimate, for the first time, the contribution of the fluctuation effects for the nuclear structure functions. Our results indicate that the study of these observables in the future colliders can be useful to constrain the presence of gluon number fluctuations.

Hadronic and nuclear interactions in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-01-01

Despite the evidence that QCD - or something close to it - gives a correct description of the structure of hadrons and their interactions, it seems paradoxical that the theory has thus far had very little impact in nuclear physics. One reason for this is that the application of QCD to distances larger than 1 fm involves coherent, non-perturbative dynamics which is beyond present calculational techniques. For example, in QCD the nuclear force can evidently be ascribed to quark interchange and gluon exchange processes. These, however, are as complicated to analyze from a fundamental point of view as is the analogous covalent bond in molecular physics. Since a detailed description of quark-quark interactions and the structure of hadronic wavefunctions is not yet well-understood in QCD, it is evident that a quantitative first-principle description of the nuclear force will require a great deal of theoretical effort. Another reason for the limited impact of QCD in nuclear physics has been the conventional assumption that nuclear interactions can for the most part be analyzed in terms of an effective meson-nucleon field theory or potential model in isolation from the details of short distance quark and gluon structure of hadrons. These lectures, argue that this view is untenable: in fact, there is no correspondence principle which yields traditional nuclear physics as a rigorous large-distance or non-relativistic limit of QCD dynamics. On the other hand, the distinctions between standard nuclear physics dynamics and QCD at nuclear dimensions are extremely interesting and illuminating for both particle and nuclear physics

Differences between quark and gluon jets at LEP1

CERN Document Server

Boutemeur, Madjid

1997-01-01

A report is ven here on the differences between quark and gluon initiated jets as measured in LEPl. Various measurements, agree qualitatively on the differences between quark and gluon jets. However a direct quantitative comparison among the measurements as well as comparisons between the measurements and analytical calculations are difficult. This is due to the dependence of the results on the selected event topologies and used jet finding algorithms. Topology dependence of the charged particle multiplicity in quark and gluon jets is studied by ALEPH and transverse momentum-like scales are proposed to account for it. OPAL produced the first quantitative test of QCD analytic prediction for the ratio of the mean particle multiplicity between gluon and quark jets valid, at least, for 39 GeV jets.

Q.C.D. estimates of hadronic cross sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Navelet, H.; Peschanski, R.

1983-03-01

Estimates for hadron-hadron cross-sections are made using the leading log approximation of Q.C.D. The rise of the total inelastic pp cross-sections at high energy is reproduced, thanks to the competition between the small parton-parton interaction and the large multiplicity of gluons predicted by Q.C.D

Study of high-transverse momentum quark and gluon jet fragmentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghez, P.

1986-09-01

The fragmentation properties of high-transverse momentum jets are investigated using new data from the ISR and the SPS collider. Effects from gluon radiation are clearly demonstrated by comparison with a state-of-the-art model including QCD parton cascade evolution and string hadronization, which gives in general good agreement with the data. Differences between quark and gluon jets are discussed as well as Q 2 -dependent scaling violation effects

Topology in dynamical lattice QCD simulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gruber, Florian

2012-01-01

Lattice simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory which describes the interaction between quarks and gluons, have reached a point were contact to experimental data can be made. The underlying mechanisms, like chiral symmetry breaking or the confinement of quarks, are however still not understood. This thesis focuses on topological structures in the QCD vacuum. Those are not only mathematically interesting but also closely related to chiral symmetry and confinement. We consider methods to identify these objects in lattice QCD simulations. Based on this, we explore the structures resulting from different discretizations and investigate the effect of a very strong electromagnetic field on the QCD vacuum.

Topology in dynamical lattice QCD simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gruber, Florian

2012-08-20

Lattice simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory which describes the interaction between quarks and gluons, have reached a point were contact to experimental data can be made. The underlying mechanisms, like chiral symmetry breaking or the confinement of quarks, are however still not understood. This thesis focuses on topological structures in the QCD vacuum. Those are not only mathematically interesting but also closely related to chiral symmetry and confinement. We consider methods to identify these objects in lattice QCD simulations. Based on this, we explore the structures resulting from different discretizations and investigate the effect of a very strong electromagnetic field on the QCD vacuum.

The infrared behavior of lattice QCD Green's functions. A numerical study of lattice QCD in Landau gauge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sternbeck, A.

2006-01-01

Within the framework of lattice QCD we investigate different aspects of QCD in Landau gauge using Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, we focus on the low momentum behavior of gluon and ghost propagators. The gauge group is SU(3). Different systematic effects on the gluon and ghost propagators are studied. We demonstrate the ghost dressing function to systematically depend on the choice of Gribov copies at low momentum, while the influence on the gluon dressing function is not resolvable. Also the eigenvalue distribution of the Faddeev-Popov operator is sensitive to Gribov copies. We show that the influence of dynamical Wilson fermions on the ghost propagator is negligible at the momenta available to us. On the contrary, fermions affect the gluon propagator at large and intermediate momenta. In addition, we analyze data for both propagators obtained on asymmetric lattices and compare these results with data obtained on symmetric lattices. We compare our data with results from studies of Dyson-Schwinger equations for the gluon and ghost propagators. We demonstrate that the infrared behavior of both propagators, as found in this thesis, is consistent with different criteria for confinement. However, the running coupling constant, given as a renormalization-group-invariant combination of the gluon and ghost dressing functions, does not expose a finite infrared fixed point. Rather the data are in favor of an infrared vanishing coupling constant. We also report on a first nonperturbative computation of the SU(3) ghost-gluon-vertex renormalization constant. We present results of an investigation of the spectral properties of the Faddeev-Popov operator. For this we have calculated the low-lying eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the Faddeev-Popov operator. (orig.)

Light-Front QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, S.

2004-11-30

In these lectures, I survey a number of applications of light-front methods to hadron and nuclear physics phenomenology and dynamics, including light-front statistical physics. Light-front Fock-state wavefunctions provide a frame-independent representation of hadrons in terms of their fundamental quark and gluon degrees of freedom. Nonperturbative methods for computing LFWFs in QCD are discussed, including string/gauge duality which predicts the power-law fall-off at high momentum transfer of light-front Fock-state hadronic wavefunctions with an arbitrary number of constituents and orbital angular momentum. The AdS/CFT correspondence has important implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders derivation of counting rules for exclusive processes. One can also compute the hadronic spectrum of near-conformal QCD assuming a truncated AdS/CFT space. Given the LFWFs, one can compute form factors, heavy hadron decay amplitudes, hadron distribution amplitudes, and the generalized parton distributions underlying deeply virtual Compton scattering. The quantum fluctuations represented by the light-front Fock expansion leads to novel QCD phenomena such as color transparency, intrinsic heavy quark distributions, diffractive dissociation, and hidden-color components of nuclear wavefunctions. A new test of hidden color in deuteron photodisintegration is proposed. The origin of leading-twist phenomena such as the diffractive component of deep inelastic scattering, single-spin asymmetries, nuclear shadowing and antishadowing is also discussed; these phenomena cannot be described by light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. Part of the anomalous NuTeV results for the weak mixing angle {theta}{sub W} could be due to the non-universality of nuclear antishadowing for charged and neutral currents.

Light relativistic bound states in high temperature QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zahed, Ismail

1991-01-01

The nonperturbative structure of high temperature QCD is combined with generalized sum-rules arguments to analyse gauge invariant correlation functions in real time. It is shown that for a plausible choice of condensates, QCD at high temperature exhibits color singlet excitations as opposed to merely screened quarks and gluons. (author). 14 refs.; 2 figs

The QCD/SM working group: Summary report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giele, W.

2004-01-01

Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD), and more generally the physics of the Standard Model (SM), enter in many ways in high energy processes at TeV Colliders, and especially in hadron colliders (the Tevatron at Fermilab and the forthcoming LHC at CERN), First of all, at hadron colliders, QCD controls the parton luminosity, which rules the production rates of any particle or system with large invariant mass and/or large transverse momentum. Accurate predictions for any signal of possible ''New Physics'' sought at hadron colliders, as well as the corresponding backgrounds, require an improvement in the control of uncertainties on the determination of PDF and of the propagation of these uncertainties in the predictions. Furthermore, to fully exploit these new types of PDF with uncertainties, uniform tools (computer interfaces, standardization of the PDF evolution codes used by the various groups fitting PDF's) need to be proposed and developed. The dynamics of colour also affects, both in normalization and shape, various observables of the signals of any possible ''New Physics'' sought at the TeV scale, such as, e.g. the production rate, or the distributions in transverse momentum of the Higgs boson. Last, but not least, QCD governs many backgrounds to the searches for this ''New Physics''. Large and important QCD corrections may come from extra hard parton emission (and the corresponding virtual corrections), involving multi-leg and/or multi-loop amplitudes. This requires complex higher order calculations, and new methods have to be designed to compute the required multi-legs and/or multi-loop corrections in a tractable form. In the case of semi-inclusive observables, logarithmically enhanced contributions coming from multiple soft and collinear gluon emission require sophisticated QCD resummation techniques. Resummation is a catch-all name for efforts to extend the predictive power of QCD by summing the large logarithmic corrections to all orders in perturbation theory. In

The QCD/SM working group: Summary report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

W. Giele et al.

2004-01-12

Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD), and more generally the physics of the Standard Model (SM), enter in many ways in high energy processes at TeV Colliders, and especially in hadron colliders (the Tevatron at Fermilab and the forthcoming LHC at CERN), First of all, at hadron colliders, QCD controls the parton luminosity, which rules the production rates of any particle or system with large invariant mass and/or large transverse momentum. Accurate predictions for any signal of possible ''New Physics'' sought at hadron colliders, as well as the corresponding backgrounds, require an improvement in the control of uncertainties on the determination of PDF and of the propagation of these uncertainties in the predictions. Furthermore, to fully exploit these new types of PDF with uncertainties, uniform tools (computer interfaces, standardization of the PDF evolution codes used by the various groups fitting PDF's) need to be proposed and developed. The dynamics of colour also affects, both in normalization and shape, various observables of the signals of any possible ''New Physics'' sought at the TeV scale, such as, e.g. the production rate, or the distributions in transverse momentum of the Higgs boson. Last, but not least, QCD governs many backgrounds to the searches for this ''New Physics''. Large and important QCD corrections may come from extra hard parton emission (and the corresponding virtual corrections), involving multi-leg and/or multi-loop amplitudes. This requires complex higher order calculations, and new methods have to be designed to compute the required multi-legs and/or multi-loop corrections in a tractable form. In the case of semi-inclusive observables, logarithmically enhanced contributions coming from multiple soft and collinear gluon emission require sophisticated QCD resummation techniques. Resummation is a catch-all name for efforts to extend the predictive power of QCD by summing the large

Virtual photon interactions in high energy QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gieseke, S.

2001-07-01

We study the interactions of virtual photons in the high energy limit of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The subject is discussed in terms of two closely linked applications: the calculation of the total cross section for γ * γ * -scattering and the description of DIS in the colour dipole model. We calculate virtual corrections in α s to the process γ * q → (qq)q and the tree level process γ * q → (qqg)q in the high energy limit. From this calculation we obtain one-loop corrections to the effective γ * -reggeon-qq-vertex in the helicity basis of the virtual photon and the qq-pair. The loop integrals for the virtual corrections have been performed and expressed in dimensional regularization in terms of logarithms and dilogarithms. We have convoluted the virtual one-loop matrix elements with tree level matrix elements and expressed the integrals over the phase space of the qq-pair explicitly in terms of a set of standard integrals. The real corrections have been calculated and, in case of the longitudinal polarization, expressed in factorized form. From these calculations, the impact factor of virtual photons will be determined, allowing for a first prediction of the total cross section for γ * γ * -scattering in the next-to-leading-log s approximation. The calculations in this thesis extend the photon wave function picture in the colour dipole model to next-to-leading order. For this purpose, the real corrections with a qqg final state are analyzed in transverse configuration space and interpreted as a first higher Fock component of the photon wave function. In addition, the matrix elements that have been calculated in this thesis are needed for the calculation of jet cross sections. (orig.)

The strong running coupling from an approximate gluon Dyson-Schwinger equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alkofer, R.; Hauck, A.

1996-01-01

Using Mandelstam's approximation to the gluon Dyson-Schwinger equation we calculate the gluon self-energy in a renormalisation group invariant fashion. We obtain a non-perturbative Β function. The scaling behavior near the ultraviolet stable fixed point is in good agreement with perturbative QCD. No further fixed point for positive values of the coupling is found: α S increases without bound in the infrared

Search for the QCD ground state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reuter, M.; Wetterich, C.

1994-05-01

Within the Euclidean effective action approach we propose criteria for the ground state of QCD. Despite a nonvanishing field strength the ground state should be invariant with respect to modified Poincare transformations consisting of a combination of translations and rotations with suitable gauge transformations. We have found candidate states for QCD with four or more colours. The formation of gluon condensates shows similarities with the Higgs phenomenon. (orig.)

QCD and Light-Front Dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Teramond, Guy F.

2011-01-01

AdS/QCD, the correspondence between theories in a dilaton-modified five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space and confining field theories in physical space-time, provides a remarkable semiclassical model for hadron physics. Light-front holography allows hadronic amplitudes in the AdS fifth dimension to be mapped to frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in physical space-time. The result is a single-variable light-front Schroedinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate ζ which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time and determines the off-shell dynamics of the bound state wavefunctions as a function of the invariant mass of the constituents. The hadron eigenstates generally have components with different orbital angular momentum; e.g., the proton eigenstate in AdS/QCD with massless quarks has L = 0 and L = 1 light-front Fock components with equal probability. Higher Fock states with extra quark-anti quark pairs also arise. The soft-wall model also predicts the form of the nonperturbative effective coupling and its β-function. The AdS/QCD model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD light-front Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann-Schwinger method to systematically include QCD interaction terms. Some novel features of QCD are discussed, including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates. A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.

QCD and Light-Front Dynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; de Teramond, Guy F.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins /Costa Rica U.

2011-01-10

AdS/QCD, the correspondence between theories in a dilaton-modified five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space and confining field theories in physical space-time, provides a remarkable semiclassical model for hadron physics. Light-front holography allows hadronic amplitudes in the AdS fifth dimension to be mapped to frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in physical space-time. The result is a single-variable light-front Schroedinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate {zeta} which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time and determines the off-shell dynamics of the bound state wavefunctions as a function of the invariant mass of the constituents. The hadron eigenstates generally have components with different orbital angular momentum; e.g., the proton eigenstate in AdS/QCD with massless quarks has L = 0 and L = 1 light-front Fock components with equal probability. Higher Fock states with extra quark-anti quark pairs also arise. The soft-wall model also predicts the form of the nonperturbative effective coupling and its {beta}-function. The AdS/QCD model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD light-front Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann-Schwinger method to systematically include QCD interaction terms. Some novel features of QCD are discussed, including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates. A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.

TMD splitting functions in kT factorization. The real contribution to the gluon-to-gluon splitting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hentschinski, M.; Kusina, A.; Kutak, K.; Serino, M.

2018-01-01

We calculate the transverse momentum dependent gluon-to-gluon splitting function within k T -factorization, generalizing the framework employed in the calculation of the quark splitting functions in Hautmann et al. (Nucl Phys B 865:54-66, arXiv:1205.1759, 2012), Gituliar et al. (JHEP 01:181, arXiv:1511.08439, 2016), Hentschinski et al. (Phys Rev D 94(11):114013, arXiv:1607.01507, 2016) and demonstrate at the same time the consistency of the extended formalism with previous results. While existing versions of k T factorized evolution equations contain already a gluon-to-gluon splitting function i.e. the leading order Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) kernel or the Ciafaloni-Catani-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) kernel, the obtained splitting function has the important property that it reduces both to the leading order BFKL kernel in the high energy limit, to the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) gluon-to-gluon splitting function in the collinear limit as well as to the CCFM kernel in the soft limit. At the same time we demonstrate that this splitting kernel can be obtained from a direct calculation of the QCD Feynman diagrams, based on a combined implementation of the Curci-Furmanski-Petronzio formalism for the calculation of the collinear splitting functions and the framework of high energy factorization. (orig.)

Plaquette expectation value and gluon condensate in three dimensions

CERN Document Server

Hietanen, A; Laine, Mikko; Rummukainen, K; Schröder, Y

2005-01-01

In three dimensions, the gluon condensate of pure SU(3) gauge theory has ultraviolet divergences up to 4-loop level only. By subtracting the corresponding terms from lattice measurements of the plaquette expectation value and extrapolating to the continuum limit, we extract the finite part of the gluon condensate in lattice regularization. Through a change of regularization scheme to MSbar and (inverse) dimensional reduction, this result would determine the first non-perturbative coefficient in the weak-coupling expansion of hot QCD pressure.

QCD corrections, virtual heavy quark effects and electroweak precision measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kniehl, B.A.; Kuehn, J.H.; Stuart, R.G.

1988-01-01

QCD corrections to virtual heavy quark effects on electroweak parameters are calculated, which may affect planned precision measurements at SLC and LEP. The influence of toponium and T b resonances is incorporated as well as the proper threshold behaviour of the imaginary part of the vacuum polarization function. The shift of the W-boson mass from these corrections and their influence on the polarization asymmetry are calculated and compared to the envisaged experimental precision. (orig.)

Quark model and QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anisovich, V.V.

1989-06-01

Using the language of the quarks and gluons for description of the soft hadron physics it is necessary to take into account two characteristic phenomena which prevent one from usage of QCD Lagrangian in the straightforward way, chiral symmetry breaking, and confinement of colour particles. The topics discussed in this context are: QCD in the domain of soft processes, phenomenological Lagrangian for soft processes and exotic mesons, spectroscopy of low-lying hadrons (mesons, baryons and mesons with heavy quarks - c,b -), confinement forces, spectral integration over quark masses. (author) 3 refs.; 19 figs.; 3 tabs

Certain exclusive processes in QCD taking into account two-gluon states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baier, V.N.; Grozin, A.G.

1982-01-01

The wave functions and evolution equations for mesons are classified completely taking into account two-gluon states and then are compared to the Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations. The form factors of completely neutral mesons and the probabilities for exclusive decays of quarkonium states are found taking into account two-gluon states

Constraining anomalous gluon self-interactions at the LHC: a reappraisal arXiv

CERN Document Server

Hirschi, V.; Tsinikos, I.; Vryonidou, E.

Anomalous self-interactions of non-abelian gauge fields can be described by higher dimensional operators featuring gauge-invariant combinations of the field strengths. In the case of QCD, the gluon self-interactions start to be modified at dimension six by operators of the type $GGG$, with $G$ the gluon field strength tensor, possibly leading to deviations in all observables and measurements that probe strong interactions at very small distances. In this work we consider the sensitivity to the triple gluon operator of a series of observables at the LHC in di-jet, three- and multi-jet final states and heavy-quark production. We critically re-examine the robustness of long-standing as well as more recent proposals addressing issues such as the validity of the EFT expansion and the impact of higher order QCD corrections. Our results support the conclusion that multi-jet observables can reliably bound these anomalous interactions to the level that their impact on other key observables at the LHC, involving for ex...

On microscopic structure of the QCD vacuum

Science.gov (United States)

Pak, D. G.; Lee, Bum-Hoon; Kim, Youngman; Tsukioka, Takuya; Zhang, P. M.

2018-05-01

We propose a new class of regular stationary axially symmetric solutions in a pure QCD which correspond to monopole-antimonopole pairs at macroscopic scale. The solutions represent vacuum field configurations which are locally stable against quantum gluon fluctuations in any small space-time vicinity. This implies that the monopole-antimonopole pair can serve as a structural element in microscopic description of QCD vacuum formation.

Soft-gluon resummation for high-pT inclusive-hadron production at COMPASS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pfeuffer, Melanie

2013-01-01

One of the experiments that may be used to probe the nucleon's gluon distribution is the fixed-target lepton scattering experiment COMPASS at CERN, where charged hadrons with high transverse momentum are observed. An aspect that makes the COMPASS experiment quite challenging for the theoretical calculation in perturbative QCD is its fixed-target regime. The hadron's transverse momentum is relatively large compared to the available center-of-mass energy. Thus the partonic process is close to the threshold, where all available partonic center-of-mass energy is just used to produce the high-transverse momentum parton that subsequently hadronizes into the observed hadron, and its recoiling counterpart. Additional real gluon radiation is strongly suppressed and therefore mostly constrained to the emission of soft and/or collinear gluons. This results in a strong imbalance between real and virtual gluon diagrams and the cancellation of infrared singularities leaves behind large logarithmic corrections to the leading order cross section. These logarithms are not only present in the next-to-leading (NLO) corrections, but appear also in all higher order corrections in its perturbation expansion. They dominate the cross section in the kinematic region close to the threshold and thus have to be taken into account order-by-order. A technique that addresses these logarithms is known as threshold resummation. The main goal of this work is to investigate the relevance of higher-order QCD corrections of the unpolarized photoproduction reaction in fixed-target scattering at COMPASS, where the hadron is produced at large transverse momentum. In particular the large logarithmic threshold corrections to the partonic cross sections are addressed, which are resummed to all orders at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy. As new technical ingredient to resummation, the rapidity dependence of the cross section in the resummed calculation is fully included in order to account for all

Virtual Compton Scattering off a Spinless Target in the AdS/QCD correspondence

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wallon, Samuel [Laboratoire de Physique Theorique d' Orsay - LPT, Bat. 210, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Marquet, Cyrille [IPhT - Institut de Physique Theorique, Orme des Merisiers bat. 774, PC 136, CEA/DSM/IPhT, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Roiesnel, Claude [Centre de Physique Theorique - CPHT, UMR 7644, Ecole Polytechnique, Bat. 6, RDC, F91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France)

2010-07-01

We study the doubly virtual Compton scattering off a spinless target {gamma}* P {yields} {gamma}* P' within the Anti-de Sitter(AdS)/QCD formalism. We find that the general structure allowed by the Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance of the Compton amplitude is not easily reproduced with the standard recipes of the AdS/QCD correspondence. In the soft-photon regime, where the semi-classical approximation is supposed to apply best, we show that the measurements of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of a target like the charged pion in real Compton scattering, can already serve as stringent tests. (author)

The exotic atoms of QCD: glueballs, hybrids and baryonia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barnes, T.

1984-05-01

The theoretical basis underlying the expected ''exotic'' states in QCD, the theory of quarks and gluons, is reviewed in three lectures. The first lecture is an historical introduction to QCD. The second lecture is a critical review of the MIT bag model and QCD on a lattice. The status of three candidate ''exotic'' states seen in psi radiative decays, the i(1440), O(1700) and zeta(2220) are discussed in the third lecture. (author)

The infrared behavior of lattice QCD Green's functions. A numerical study of lattice QCD in Landau gauge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sternbeck, A.

2006-07-18

Within the framework of lattice QCD we investigate different aspects of QCD in Landau gauge using Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, we focus on the low momentum behavior of gluon and ghost propagators. The gauge group is SU(3). Different systematic effects on the gluon and ghost propagators are studied. We demonstrate the ghost dressing function to systematically depend on the choice of Gribov copies at low momentum, while the influence on the gluon dressing function is not resolvable. Also the eigenvalue distribution of the Faddeev-Popov operator is sensitive to Gribov copies. We show that the influence of dynamical Wilson fermions on the ghost propagator is negligible at the momenta available to us. On the contrary, fermions affect the gluon propagator at large and intermediate momenta. In addition, we analyze data for both propagators obtained on asymmetric lattices and compare these results with data obtained on symmetric lattices. We compare our data with results from studies of Dyson-Schwinger equations for the gluon and ghost propagators. We demonstrate that the infrared behavior of both propagators, as found in this thesis, is consistent with different criteria for confinement. However, the running coupling constant, given as a renormalization-group-invariant combination of the gluon and ghost dressing functions, does not expose a finite infrared fixed point. Rather the data are in favor of an infrared vanishing coupling constant. We also report on a first nonperturbative computation of the SU(3) ghost-gluon-vertex renormalization constant. We present results of an investigation of the spectral properties of the Faddeev-Popov operator. For this we have calculated the low-lying eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the Faddeev-Popov operator. (orig.)

The gluon momentum fraction of the nucleon from lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alexandrou, Constantia; Hadjiyiannakou, Kyriakos; Constantinou, Martha; Jansen, Karl; Wiese, Christian; Panagopoulos, Haralambos

2016-01-01

We perform a direct calculation of the gluon momentum fraction of the nucleon using maximally twisted mass fermion ensembles with N_f=2+1+1 flavors at a pion mass of about 370 MeV and a lattice spacing of a∼0.082 fm and with N_f=2 flavors at the physical pion mass and a lattice spacing of a∼0.093 fm. In the definition of the gluon operator we employ stout smearing to obtain a statistically significant result for the bare matrix elements. In addition, we perform a lattice perturbative calculation including 2 levels of stout smearing to carry out the mixing and the renormalization of the quark and gluon operators. We find, after conversion to the MS scheme at a scale of 2 GeV: left angle x right angle "R_g=0.284(23)(23) for pion mass of about 370 MeV and left angle x right angle "R_g=0.283(23)(15) for the physical pion mass.

Viscosities in the Gluon-Plasma within a Quasiparticle Model

CERN Document Server

Bluhm, M; Redlich, K

2009-01-01

A phenomenological quasiparticle model, featuring dynamically generated self-energies of excitation modes, successfully describes lattice QCD results relevant for the QCD equation of state and related quantities both at zero and non-zero net baryon density. Here, this model is extended to study bulk and shear viscosities of the gluon-plasma within an effective kinetic theory approach. In this way, the compatibility of the employed quasiparticle ansatz with the apparent low viscosities of the strongly coupled deconfined gluonic medium is shown.

Quark-gluon plasma: Status of heavy ion physics

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), defined on a discrete space–time lattice, leads to a spectacular non-perturbative prediction of a new state of matter, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP), at sufficiently high temperatures or equivalently large energy densities. The experimental programs of CERN, Geneva and BNL, ...

Plaquette expectation value and gluon condensate in three dimensions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hietanen, Ari; Kajantie, Keijo; Schroeder, York; Laine, Mikko; Rummukainen, Kari

2005-01-01

In three dimensions, the gluon condensate of pure SU(3) gauge theory has ultraviolet divergences up to 4-loop level only. By subtracting the corresponding terms from lattice measurements of the plaquette expectation value and extrapolating to the continuum limit, we extract the finite part of the gluon condensate in lattice regularization. Through a change of regularization scheme to MS-bar and (inverse) dimensional reduction, this result would determine the first non-perturbative coefficient in the weak-coupling expansion of hot QCD pressure. (author)

Color response and color transport in a quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heinz, U.

1986-01-01

Using color kinetic theory, we discuss color conduction and color response in a quark-gluon plasma. Collective color oscillations and their damping rates are investigated. An instability of the thermal equilibrium state in high T QCD is discovered

Probing sea quarks and gluons: the electron-ion collider project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horn, T.

2014-01-01

A future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would be the world's first polarized electron-proton collider, and the world's first e-A collider, and would seek the QCD foundation of nucleons and nuclei in terms of the sea quarks and gluons, matching to these valence quark studies. The EIC will provide a versatile range of kinematics and beam polarization, as well as beam species, to allow for mapping the spin and spatial structure of the quark sea and gluons, to discover the collective effects of gluons in atomic nuclei, and to understand the emergence of hadronic matter from color charge. (authors)

First measurement of the gluon polarisation in the nucleon using D mesons at COMPASS

CERN Document Server

von Hodenberg, Martin

2005-01-01

The complicated structure of the nucleon has been studied with great success in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering (DIS) experiments at CERN, SLAC and DESY. As a result the unpolarised structure functions have been measured accurately over a wide kinematic range. From these measurements it is possible to determine the gluon density in the nucleon with good accuracy via a so-called QCD fit. In the case of the spin structure of the nucleon the situation is different. Even after decades of experimental and theoretical efforts it remains to be understood how the spin of the nucleon of 1/2 in units of h-bar is to be accounted for in terms of contributions from the quarks and gluons inside the nucleon. Of particular interest is the question whether the polarised gluon density can explain the unexpected smallness of the quark contribution to the nucleon spin. The QCD fit, which worked well in the unpolarised case, yields a polarised gluon density Delta G which is only badly constrained. This is due to the fact...

Universal Regge slope α' from QCD gluon propagator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, H.B.; Ninomiya, M.

1980-02-01

An effective gluon propagator is estimated in the presence of a fluctuating color magnetic field in vacuum. Using the dual honeycomb diagram tlhe universal slope is estimated to yield Λsub(p) = 0.34 GeV when corrected by instanton, for α' = 0.88 GeV -2 . (Auth.)

The Nielsen identities for the two-point functions of QED and QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Breckenridge, J.C.; Sasketchewan Univ., Saskatoon, SK; Lavelle, M.J.; Steele, T.G.; Sasketchewan Univ., Saskatoon, SK

1995-01-01

We consider the Nielsen identities for the two-point functions of full QCD and QED in the class of Lorentz gauges. For pedagogical reasons the identities are first derived in QED to demonstrate the gauge independence of the photon self-energy, and of the electron mass shell. In QCD we derive the general identity and hence the identities for the quark, gluon and ghost propagators. The explicit contributions to the gluon and ghost identities are calculated to one-loop order, and then we show that the quark identity requires that in on-shell schemes the quark mass renormalisation must be gauge independent. Furthermore, we obtain formal solutions for the gluon self-energy and ghost propagator in terms of the gauge dependence of other, independent Green functions. (orig.)

Analysis of the fragmentation properties of quark and gluon jets at the CERN SPS panti p collider

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnison, G.; Albrow, M.G.; Denby, B.; Flynn, P.; Grayer, G.; Haynes, W.; Roberts, C.; Scott, W.; Shah, T.P.; Allkofer, O.C.; Dau, D.; Leuchs, R.; Levegrun, S.; Astbury, A.; Fincke Keeler, M.; Keeler, R.; Sobie, R.; Zanello, L.; Aubert, B.; Catz, P.; Della Negra, M.; Ghez, P.; Gonidec, A.; Linglin, D.; Minard, M.N.; Mours, B.; Perault, C.; Vialle, J.P.; Wingerter, I.; Yvert, M.; Bacci, C.; Ceradini, F.; Ciapetti, G.; Diaccio, A.; Lacava, F.; Moricca, M.; Paoluzi, L.; Piano Mortari, G.; Salvini, G.; Batley, J.R.; Buckley, E.; Eisenhandler, E.; Gibson, W.R.; Honma, A.; Kalmus, P.I.P.; Kyberd, P.; Nandi, A.; Thompson, G.; Bauer, G.; Geer, S.; Goodman, M.; Rohlf, J.; Sumorok, K.; Centro, S.; Bezaguet, A.; Bock, R.K.; Cennini, P.; Cittolin, S.; Demoulin, M.; Hofmann, H.; Jank, W.; Jorat, G.; Levi, M.; Maurin, G.; Meyer, O.; Meyer, T.; Muller, T.; Naumann, L.; Norton, A.; Pauss, F.; Placci, A.; Porte, J.P.; Rich, J.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Rubbia, C.; Sass, J.; Sadoulet, B.; Schinzel, D.; Vuillemin, V.; Wilke, R.; Wyatt, T.; Leveque, A.; Dorenbosch, J.; Holthuizen, D.J.; Eijk, B. van; Cline, D.; Markiewicz, T.; Mohammadi, M.; Cochet, C.; Debeer, M.; Denegri, D.; Givernaud, A.; Laugier, J.P.; Locci, E.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Verecchia, P.; Corden, M.; Dowell, J.D.; Edgecock, R.; Ellis, N.; Garvey, J.; Homer, R.J.; Kenyon, I.; McMahon, T.; Streets, J.; Watkins, P.; Wilson, J.; Dallman, D.; Fruehwirth, R.; Markytan, M.; Strauss, J.; Szonczo, F.; Wahl, H.D.; Wulz, C.E.; Dobrzynski, L.; Fontaine, G.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Kryn, D.; Martin, T.; Mendiburu, J.P.; Sajot, G.; Tao, C.; Vrana, J.; Eggert, K.; Erhard, P.; Faissner, H.; Hansl-Kozanecka, T.; Radermacher, E.; Redelberger, T.; Reithler, H.; Tscheslog, E.; Frey, R.; Guryn, W.; Kernan, A.; Kozanecki, W.; Morgan, K.; Pitman, D.; Ransdell, J.; Sheer, I.; Smith, D.; Karimaeki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Pietarinen, E.; Pimiae, M.; Tuominiemi, J.; Revol, J.P.; Calvetti, M.; Dibitonto, D.; Ghesquiere, C.; Giboni, K.L.; Hertzberger, L.O.; Hoffmann, D.; Lees, J.P.; Lehmann, H.; Rossi, P.; Stenzler, M.; Timmer, J.; Colas, J.; Kinnunen, R.

1986-01-01

A sample of two-jet events from the UA1 experiment at the CERN panti p Collider has been used to study the fragmentation of high-energy quark and gluon jets into charged hadrons. Compared with lower-energy jets observed in e + e - and pp collisions, the fragmentation function measured in the present experiment is softer (i.e. peaked to smaller values of z) and the mean internal transverse momentum is larger, mainly because of the effects of the QCD scaling violations. Using our knowledge of the quark and gluon structure functions in the proton, together with the QCD matrix elements, a statistical separation of quark and gluon jets is achieved within the present experiment. The fragmentation function for the gluon jets is found to be softer, and the angular spread of the fragmentation products larger, than is the case for quark jets. (orig.)

Color response and color transport in a quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heinz, U.

1986-01-01

Using color kinetic theory, the authors discuss color conduction and color response in a quark-gluon plasma. Collective color oscillations and their damping rates are investigated. An instability of the thermal equilibrium state in high T QCD is discovered

ARIADNE 3. A Monte Carlo for QCD cascades in the colour dipole formulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loennblad, Leif.

1989-06-01

A Monte Carlo program for generating QCD cascades, based on the colour dipole approximation is presented. The program is an extension of the program ARIADNE 2, including gluon splitting in the colour dipole formulation of QCD. (author)

Exploring the QCD phase diagram through relativistic heavy ion collisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohanty Bedangadas

2014-03-01

Full Text Available We present a review of the studies related to establishing the QCD phase diagram through high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. We particularly focus on the experimental results related to the formation of a quark-gluon phase, crossover transition and search for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram.

Bounds on the gluon mass from nucleon decay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avila, M.A. [Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos (Mexico)

2001-04-01

Permanent confinement of quarks is assumed to hold in QCD. However, if the gluon has a small mass it is possible to produce-quarks in hadron decays, high-energy reactions or in the early-universe. This situation is modelled by a quark-diquark potential composed of a linear (or harmonic) plus a Yukawa term. We compare our prediction for the proton decay with the experimental lower bound on its life-time, and obtain an upper bound on the gluon mass. [Spanish] Se supone se cumple el confinamiento permanente de quarks en cromodinamica cuantica. Si el gluon tiene masa pequena es posible producir quarks libres en decaimiento hadronicos, reacciones de altas energias o en el universo temprano. Esta situacion es modelada por un potencial quark-diquark, compuesto de un termino lineal (o armonico) mas un termino Yukawa. Comparamos nuestra prediccion para el decaimiento del proton con la cota inferior experimental de su vida media y obtenemos una cota superior sobre la masa del gluon.

The hadron to quark/gluon transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, G.E.; Bethe, H.A.; Pizzochero, P.M.

1991-01-01

In this paper we are concerned with the hadron to quark/gluon transition. We describe the equilibrium states of hadronic matter by a Hagedorn spectrum; introducing scaling masses, as dictated by the restoration of chiral invariance with increasing temperature, we show that in the chiral SU(2) f limit there is a maximum hadron temperature (T H ) max ≅ 128 MeV. Since the quark/gluon perturbative phase involves restoration of conformal invariance, we take the bag constant to be the conformal anomaly, i.e. the gluon condensate. The stability condition P QG > 0 for the pressure requires that there is a minimum temperature; we find (T QG ) min ≅ 172 MeV for SU(2) f . According to the simple Hagedorn model, there appears to be a region of temperature between (T H ) max and (T QG ) min in which no admissible equilibrium states exist. Since the two phases cannot exist at a common temperature, in this model there is no QCD phase transition. (orig.)

Study of gluon condensates using the Bogolyubov transformation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iracane, Daniel

1985-01-01

We describe the ground state of non-perturbative QCD as a gluon condensate. In the framework of the Coulomb gauge Hamiltonian, we introduce an effective interaction between infrared gluons by removing high-momentum gluons. The Bogoliubov transformation provides us with our variational space. The minimisation over this Fock subspace leads to a non-perturbative vacuum and its excitations. The minimum functional space for a boson dynamic is a distribution set. We find two kinds of condensation. The first one occurs only for zero-momentum states and looks like the Bose Condensation. In the second one, the quasiparticle spectrum shows a finite gap and the vacuum is a superconducting state. We give constraints on the interaction so that the superconducting phase is more bounded than the Bose one. (author) [fr

Modified bag models for the quark–gluon plasma equation of state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Begun, V.V.; Gorenstein, M.I.; Mogilevsky, O.A.

2011-01-01

The modified versions of the bag model equation of state (EoS) are considered. They are constructed to satisfy the main qualitative features observed for the quark–gluon plasma EoS in the lattice QCD calculations. A quantitative comparison with the lattice results at high temperatures T are done in the SU(3) gluodynamics and in the full QCD with dynamical quarks. Our analysis advocates a negative value of the bag constant B. (author)

Quark-Gluon Soup -- The Perfectly Liquid Phase of QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Heinz, Ulrich

2015-03-01

At temperatures above about 150 MeV and energy densities exceeding 500 MeV/fm3, quarks and gluons exist in the form of a plasma of free color charges that is about 1000 times hotter and a billion times denser than any other plasma ever created in the laboratory. This quark-gluon plasma (QGP) turns out to be strongly coupled, flowing like a liquid. About 35 years ago, the nuclear physics community started a program of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with the goal of producing and studying QGP under controlled laboratory conditions. This article recounts the story of its successful creation in collider experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN and the subsequent discovery of its almost perfectly liquid nature, and reports on the recent quantitatively precise determination of its thermodynamic and transport properties.

Reggeon interactions in perturbative QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirschner, R.

1994-08-01

We study the pairwise interaction of reggeized gluons and quarks in the Regge limit of perturbative QCD. The interactions are represented as integral kernels in the transverse momentum space and as operators in the impact parameter space. We observe conformal symmetry and holomorphic factorization in all cases. (orig.)

Experimental properties of gluon and quark jets from a point source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abbiendi, G.; Ackerstaff, K.; Alexander, G.

1999-01-01

Gluon jets are identified in hadronic Z 0 decays as all the particles in a hemisphere opposite to a hemisphere containing two tagged quark jets. Gluon jets defined in this manner are equivalent to gluon jets produced from a color singlet point source and thus correspond to the definition employed for most theoretical calculations. In a separate stage of the analysis, we select quark jets in a manner to correspond to calculations, as the particles in hemispheres of flavor tagged light quark (uds) events. We present the distributions of rapidity, scaled energy, the logarithm of the momentum, and transverse momentum with respect to the jet axes, for charged particles in these gluon and quark jets. We also examine the charged particle multiplicity distributions of the jets in restricted intervals of rapidity. For soft particles at large p T , we observe the charged particle multiplicity ratio of gluon to quark jets to be 2.29±0.09(stat.)±0.15(syst.), in agreement with the prediction that this ratio should approximately equal the ratio of QCD color factors, C A /C F =2.25. The intervals used to define soft particles and large p T for this result, p T < 3.0 GeV/c, are motivated by the predictions of the Herwig Monte Carlo multihadronic event generator. Additionally, our gluon jet data allow a sensitive test of the phenomenon of non-leading QCD terms known as color reconnection. We test the model of color reconnection implemented in the Ariadne Monte Carlo multihadronic event generator and find it to be disfavored by our data. (orig.)

Novel QCD Phenomena at Electron-Proton Colliders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S

2008-01-01

I discuss several novel phenomenological features of QCD which are observable in deep inelastic lepton-nucleon and lepton-nucleus scattering. Initial- and final-state interactions from gluon exchange, normally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect on QCD hard-scattering reactions, leading to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, the diffractive contribution to deep inelastic scattering, and the breakdown of the pQCD Lam-Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions. Leading-twist diffractive processes in turn lead to nuclear shadowing and non-universal antishadowing--physics not incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the nucleus computed in isolation

Quantum Simulations of Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Filinov, V.S.; Bonitz, M.; Ivanov, Yu.B.

2013-01-01

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in dynamics and thermodynamics of non-Abelian plasmas at both very high temperature and density. It is expected that a specific state of matter with unconfined quarks and gluons - the so called quark - gluon plasma (QGP) - can exist. The most fundamental way to compute properties of the strongly interacting matter is provided by the lattice QCD. Interpretation of these very complicated computations requires application of various QCD motivated, albeit schematic, models simulating various aspects of the full theory. Moreover, such models are needed in cases when the lattice QCD fails, e.g. at large baryon chemical potentials and out of equilibrium. A semi-classical approximation, based on a point like quasi-particle picture has been recently introduced in literature. It is expected that it allows to treat soft processes in the QGP which are not accessible by the perturbative means and the main features of non-Abelian plasmas can be understood in simple semi-classical terms without the difficulties inherent to a full quantum field theoretical analysis. Here we propose stochastic simulation of thermodynamics and kinetic properties for QGP in semi-classical approximation in the wide region of temperature, density and quasi-particles masses. We extend previous classical nonrelativistic simulations based on a color Coulomb interaction to the quantum regime and take into account the Fermi (Bose) statistics of quarks (gluons) and quantum degeneracy self-consistently. In grand canonical ensemble for finite and zero baryon chemical potential we use the direct quantum path integral Monte Carlo method (PIMC) developed for finite temperature within Feynman formulation of quantum mechanics to do calculations of internal energy, pressure and pair correlation functions. The QGP quasi-particles representing dressed quarks, antiquarks and gluons interact via color quantum Kelbg pseudopotential rigorously derived in for Coulomb

Numerical estimates of the evolution of quark and gluon populations inside QCD jets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garetto, M.

1980-01-01

The system of first order differential equations for the probabilities of producing nsub(g) gluons and nsub(q) quarks in a single gluon or quark jet are solved numerically for a convenient choice of the parameters A, A-tilde, B. Relevant branching ratios as the evolution parameter Y increases are shown. The different behaviour of the distributions in the quark- and in the gluon-jet is discussed. (author)

Nonperturbative QCD and quark-gluon plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shuryak, E V [Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook (United States)

2002-09-15

This is a brief written version of 5 lectures made at 2001 ICTP Summer School on High Energy Physics in Trieste. The lectures provide an overview of what we have learned about QCD vacuum, hadrons and hot / dense hadronic matter during the last 2 decades. Last two lectures contain discussion of heavy ion physics. We focus on the first surprising results from new heavy ion collider, RHIC, as well as recent development toward understanding of the old problem of 'soft pomeron' in high energy hadronic collisions and its connection to new heavy ion data. (author)

Resummation and the gluon damping rate in hot QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pisarski, R.D.

1990-08-01

At high temperature a consistent perturbative expansion requires the resummation of an infinite subset of loop corrections into an effective expansion. This effective exansion is used to compute the gluon damping rate at leading order. 25 refs

Quarkonium states in an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo Yun

2009-09-10

In this work we study the properties of quarkonium states in a quark-gluon plasma which, due to expansion and non-zero viscosity, exhibits a local anisotropy in momentum space. We determine the hard-loop resummed gluon propagator in an anisotropic QCD plasma in general linear gauges and define a potential between heavy quarks from the Fourier transform of its static limit. This potential which arises due to one-gluon exchange describes the force between a quark and anti-quark at short distances. It is closer to the vacuum potential as compared to the isotropic Debye screened potential which indicates the reduced screening in an anisotropic QCD plasma. In addition, angular dependence appears in the potential; we find that there is stronger attraction on distance scales on the order of the inverse Debye mass for quark pairs aligned along the direction of anisotropy than for transverse alignment. The potential at long distances, however, is non-perturbative and modeled as a QCD string which is screened at the same scale as the Coulomb field. At asymptotic separation the potential energy is non-zero and inversely proportional to the temperature. With a phenomenological potential model which incorporates the different behaviors at short and long distances, we solve the three-dimensional Schroedinger equation. Our numerical results show that quarkonium binding is stronger at non-vanishing viscosity and expansion rate, and that the anisotropy leads to polarization of the P-wave states. Furthermore, we determine viscosity corrections to the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential in the weak-coupling hard-loop approximation. The imaginary part is found to be smaller (in magnitude) than at vanishing viscosity. This implies a smaller decay width of quarkonium bound states in an anisotropic plasma. (orig.)

Quarkonium states in an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Yun

2009-01-01

In this work we study the properties of quarkonium states in a quark-gluon plasma which, due to expansion and non-zero viscosity, exhibits a local anisotropy in momentum space. We determine the hard-loop resummed gluon propagator in an anisotropic QCD plasma in general linear gauges and define a potential between heavy quarks from the Fourier transform of its static limit. This potential which arises due to one-gluon exchange describes the force between a quark and anti-quark at short distances. It is closer to the vacuum potential as compared to the isotropic Debye screened potential which indicates the reduced screening in an anisotropic QCD plasma. In addition, angular dependence appears in the potential; we find that there is stronger attraction on distance scales on the order of the inverse Debye mass for quark pairs aligned along the direction of anisotropy than for transverse alignment. The potential at long distances, however, is non-perturbative and modeled as a QCD string which is screened at the same scale as the Coulomb field. At asymptotic separation the potential energy is non-zero and inversely proportional to the temperature. With a phenomenological potential model which incorporates the different behaviors at short and long distances, we solve the three-dimensional Schroedinger equation. Our numerical results show that quarkonium binding is stronger at non-vanishing viscosity and expansion rate, and that the anisotropy leads to polarization of the P-wave states. Furthermore, we determine viscosity corrections to the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential in the weak-coupling hard-loop approximation. The imaginary part is found to be smaller (in magnitude) than at vanishing viscosity. This implies a smaller decay width of quarkonium bound states in an anisotropic plasma. (orig.)

Resummation prescriptions and ambiguities in SCET vs. direct QCD. Higgs production as a case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonvini, Marco [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Forte, Stefano [Univ. di Milano (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; INFN, Sezione di Milano (Italy); Ridolfi, Giovanni [Univ. di Genova (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; INFN, Sezione di Genova (Italy); Rottoli, Luca [Univ. di Milano (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica

2014-09-15

We perform a comparison of soft-gluon resummation in SCET vs. direct QCD (dQCD), using Higgs boson production in gluon fusion as a case study, with the goal of tracing the quantitative impact of each source of difference between the two approaches. We show that saddle-point methods enable a direct quantitative comparison despite the fact that the scale which is resummed in the two approaches is not the same. As a byproduct, we put in one-to-one analytic correspondence various features of either approach: specifically, we show how the SCET method for treating the Landau pole can be implemented in dQCD, and how the resummation of the optimal partonic scale of dQCD can be implemented in SCET. We conclude that the main quantitative difference comes from power-suppressed subleading contributions, which could in fact be freely tuned in either approach, and not really characteristic of either. This conclusion holds for Higgs production in gluon fusion, but it is in fact generic for processes with similar kinematics. For Higgs production, everything else being equal, SCET resummation at NNLL in the Becher-Neubert implementation leads to essentially no enhancement of the NNLO cross-section, unlike dQCD in the standard implementation of Catani et al.

Resummation prescriptions and ambiguities in SCET vs. direct QCD. Higgs production as a case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonvini, Marco; Forte, Stefano; Ridolfi, Giovanni; Rottoli, Luca

2014-09-01

We perform a comparison of soft-gluon resummation in SCET vs. direct QCD (dQCD), using Higgs boson production in gluon fusion as a case study, with the goal of tracing the quantitative impact of each source of difference between the two approaches. We show that saddle-point methods enable a direct quantitative comparison despite the fact that the scale which is resummed in the two approaches is not the same. As a byproduct, we put in one-to-one analytic correspondence various features of either approach: specifically, we show how the SCET method for treating the Landau pole can be implemented in dQCD, and how the resummation of the optimal partonic scale of dQCD can be implemented in SCET. We conclude that the main quantitative difference comes from power-suppressed subleading contributions, which could in fact be freely tuned in either approach, and not really characteristic of either. This conclusion holds for Higgs production in gluon fusion, but it is in fact generic for processes with similar kinematics. For Higgs production, everything else being equal, SCET resummation at NNLL in the Becher-Neubert implementation leads to essentially no enhancement of the NNLO cross-section, unlike dQCD in the standard implementation of Catani et al.

Resummation prescriptions and ambiguities in SCET vs. direct QCD: Higgs production as a case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonvini, Marco [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchroton, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg (Germany); Forte, Stefano [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy); Ridolfi, Giovanni [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova (Italy); Rottoli, Luca [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy)

2015-01-12

We perform a comparison of soft-gluon resummation in SCET vs. direct QCD (dQCD), using Higgs boson production in gluon fusion as a case study, with the goal of tracing the quantitative impact of each source of difference between the two approaches. We show that saddle-point methods enable a direct quantitative comparison despite the fact that the scale which is resummed in the two approaches is not the same. As a byproduct, we put in one-to-one analytic correspondence various features of either approach: specifically, we show how the SCET method for treating the Landau pole can be implemented in dQCD, and how the resummation of the optimal partonic scale of dQCD can be implemented in SCET. We conclude that the main quantitative difference comes from power-suppressed subleading contributions, which could in fact be freely tuned in either approach, and not really characteristic of either. This conclusion holds for Higgs production in gluon fusion, but it is in fact generic for processes with similar kinematics. For Higgs production, everything else being equal, SCET resummation at NNLL in the Becher-Neubert implementation leads to essentially no enhancement of the NNLO cross-section, unlike dQCD in the standard implementation of Catani et al.

Resummation prescriptions and ambiguities in SCET vs. direct QCD: Higgs production as a case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonvini, Marco; Forte, Stefano; Ridolfi, Giovanni; Rottoli, Luca

2015-01-01

We perform a comparison of soft-gluon resummation in SCET vs. direct QCD (dQCD), using Higgs boson production in gluon fusion as a case study, with the goal of tracing the quantitative impact of each source of difference between the two approaches. We show that saddle-point methods enable a direct quantitative comparison despite the fact that the scale which is resummed in the two approaches is not the same. As a byproduct, we put in one-to-one analytic correspondence various features of either approach: specifically, we show how the SCET method for treating the Landau pole can be implemented in dQCD, and how the resummation of the optimal partonic scale of dQCD can be implemented in SCET. We conclude that the main quantitative difference comes from power-suppressed subleading contributions, which could in fact be freely tuned in either approach, and not really characteristic of either. This conclusion holds for Higgs production in gluon fusion, but it is in fact generic for processes with similar kinematics. For Higgs production, everything else being equal, SCET resummation at NNLL in the Becher-Neubert implementation leads to essentially no enhancement of the NNLO cross-section, unlike dQCD in the standard implementation of Catani et al.

Infrared problems in QCD and related topics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doria, R.M.

1981-08-01

This thesis is based in six works. The first is presented in the Introduction in order to justify the philosophical part of the above title and to develop a concept of Reality. In Chapter 1 the presence of Infrared Divergence in QCD is discovered. It is studied in the reaction q + q → #betta#* + q + q + soft gluons, where q is the quark, #betta#* is a virtual photon. The quarks are taken each to be colour (and spin) averaged. This gives a cancellation of the leading IR divergences. The uncancelled IR divergences change the Born cross section and dimensional IR regularisation with d = 4 + eta is used. The original work had errors which produced a cancellation in such a way that did not alter the final answer. At high energies this result is proportional to (1-#betta#) ln (1-#betta#). This means that at #betta# → 1 this IR divergence effect is expected to disappear. In Chapter two, the same reaction is studied but with a gluon instead of a quark. Collinear divergence also appears. Chapter 3 is about the solution of one-loop integrals using hypergeometric functions. The solutions obtained are exact. Chapter 4 criticizes the way to predict the nature of the divergence through the Power Counting Method (NPC). (author)

Gluon saturation beyond (naive) leading logs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beuf, Guillaume

2014-12-15

An improved version of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation is presented, with a consistent treatment of kinematics. That improvement allows to resum the most severe of the large higher order corrections which plague the conventional versions of high-energy evolution equations, with approximate kinematics. This result represents a further step towards having high-energy QCD scattering processes under control beyond strict Leading Logarithmic accuracy and with gluon saturation effects.

The gluon propagator in momentum space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernard, C.; Soni, A.

1992-01-01

We consider quenched QCD on a 16 3 x40 lattice at β=6.0. We give preliminary numerical results for the lattice gluon propagator evaluated both in coordinate and momentum space. Our findings are compared with earlier results in the literature at zero momentum. In addition, by considering nonzero momenta we attempt to extract the form of the propagator and compare it to continuum predictions formulated by Gribov and others

Lattice QCD at finite temperature with Wilson fermions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pinke, Christopher

2014-01-01

The subatomic world is governed by the strong interactions of quarks and gluons, described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Quarks experience confinement into colour-less objects, i.e. they can not be observed as free particles. Under extreme conditions such as high temperature or high density, this constraint softens and a transition to a phase where quarks and gluons are quasi-free particles (Quark-Gluon-Plasma) can occur. This environment resembles the conditions prevailing during the early stages of the universe shortly after the Big Bang. The phase diagram of QCD is under investigation in current and future collider experiments, for example at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). Due to the strength of the strong interactions in the energy regime of interest, analytic methods can not be applied rigorously. The only tool to study QCD from first principles is given by simulations of its discretised version, Lattice QCD (LQCD). These simulations are in the high-performance computing area, hence, the numerical aspects of LQCD are a vital part in this field of research. In recent years, Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) have been incorporated in these simulations as they are a standard tool for general purpose calculations today. In the course of this thesis, the LQCD application CL 2 QCD has been developed, which allows for simulations on GPUs as well as on traditional CPUs, as it is based on OpenCL. CL 2 QCD constitutes the first application for Wilson type fermions in OpenCL. It provides excellent performance and has been applied in physics studies presented in this thesis. The investigation of the QCD phase diagram is hampered by the notorious sign-problem, which restricts current simulation algorithms to small values of the chemical potential. Theoretically, studying unphysical parameter ranges allows for constraints on the phase diagram. Of utmost importance is the clarification of the order of the finite

Construction of the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory from the lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suganuma, H.; Amemiya, K.; Ichie, H.; Koma, Y.

2002-01-01

We roughly review the QCD physics and then introduce recent topics on the confinement physics. In the maximally abelian (MA) gauge, the low-energy QCD is abelianized owing to the effective off-diagonal gluon mass M off ≅ 1.2 GeV induced by the MA gauge fixing. We demonstrate the construction of the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory from the low-energy QCD in the MA gauge in terms of the lattice QCD evidences on infrared abelian dominance and infrared monopole condensation. (author)

Structure of Nonlocal quark vacuum condensate in non-perturbative QCD vacuum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiang Qianfei; Ma Weixing; Zhou Lijuan; Jiang Weizhou

2014-01-01

Based on the Dyson-Schwinger Equations (DSEs) with the rainbow truncation, and Operator Product Expansion, the structure of nonlocal quark vacuum condensate in QCD, described by quark self-energy functions A_f and B_f given usually by the solutions of the DSEs of quark propagator, is predicted numerically. We also calculate the local quark vacuum condensate, quark-gluon mixed local vacuum condensate, and quark virtuality. The self-energy functions A_f and B_f are given by the parameterized quark propagator functions σ_v"f (p"2) and σ_s"f (p"2) of Roberts and Williams, instead of the numerical solutions of the DSEs. Our calculated results are in reasonable agreement with those of QCD sum rules, Lattice QCD calculations, and instanton model predictions, although the resulting local quark vacuum condensate for light quarks, u, d, s, are a little bit larger than those of the above theoretical predictions. We think the differences are caused by model dependence. The larger of strange quark vacuum condensate than u, d quark is due to the s quark mass which is more larger than u, d quark masses. Of course, the Roberts-Williams parameterized quark propagator is an empirical formulism, which approximately describes quark propagation. (authors)

Bound-state quark and gluon contributions to structure functions in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.

1991-01-01

One can distinguish two types of contributions to the quark and gluon structure functions of hadrons in quantum chromodynamics: 'intrinsic' contributions, which are due to the direct scattering on the bound-state constituents, and 'extrinsic' contributions, which are derived from particles created in the collision. In this talk, I discuss several aspects of deep inealstic structure functions in which the bound-state structure of the proton plays a crucial role: (1) the properties of the intrinsic gluon distribution associated with the proton bound-state wavefunction; (2) the separation of the quark structure function of the proton into intrinsic 'bound-valence' and extrinsic 'non-valence' components which takes into account the Pauli principle; (3) the properties and identification of intrinsic heavy quark structure functions; and (4) a theory of shadowing and anti-shadowing of nuclear structure functions, directly related to quark-nucleon interactions and the gluon saturation phenomenon. (orig.)

Bound-state quark and gluon contributions to structure functions in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.

1990-08-01

One can distinguish two types of contributions to the quark and gluon structure functions of hadrons in quantum chromodynamics: ''intrinsic'' contributions, which are due to the direct scattering on the bound-state constituents, and ''extrinsic'' contributions, which are derived from particles created in the collision. In this talk, I discussed several aspects of deep inelastic structure functions in which the bound-state structure of the proton plays a crucial role: the properties of the intrinsic gluon distribution associated with the proton bound-state wavefunction; the separation of the quark structure function of the proton onto intrinsic ''bound-valence'' and extrinsic ''non-valence'' components which takes into account the Pauli principle; the properties and identification of intrinsic heavy quark structure functions; and a theory of shadowing and anti-shadowing of nuclear structure functions, directly related to quark-nucleon interactions and the gluon saturation phenomenon. 49 refs., 5 figs

Charge correlations as definitive tests of QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maxwell, C.J.

1981-07-01

Certain weighted charge correlations are defined and it is shown how they can be used to measure properties of the gluon jet in the e + e - 3-jet final state. Properties are suggested which are indicative of the form of the QCD matrix element, the running coupling constant and value of Λ, and hence constitute definitive tests of QCD. The recent near tenfold increase in luminosity at PETRA should make such experimental tests possible in the near future. (author)

K factor for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion process at hadron colliders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, H.

1992-01-01

In this paper soft gluon corrections for Higgs boson production at hadron colliders are calculated. It is found that the soft contributions for the Higgs boson production via gluon fusion process is large and it cannot be neglected even at SSC energy. Some qualitative discussions for the QCD corrections to the Higgs boson production at hadron colliders and their background processes are presented for various Higgs boson mass cases

Particle states of lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kapoyannis, A.S.; Panagiotou, A.D. [University of Athens, Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Faculty of Physics, Athens (Greece)

2017-11-15

We determine the degeneracy factor and the average particle mass of particles that produce the lattice QCD pressure and specific entropy at zero baryon chemical potential. The number of states of the gluons and the quarks are found to converge above T = 230 MeV to almost constant values, close to the number of states of an ideal quark-gluon phase, while their assigned masses retain high values. The number of states and the average mass of a system containing quarks in interaction with gluons are found to decrease steeply with increase of temperature between T ∝ 150 and 160 MeV, a region contained within the region of the chiral transition. The minimum value of the number of states within this temperature interval indicates that the states are of hadronic nature. (orig.)

The gluon contribution to polarised nucleon structure functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ross, G.G.; Roberts, R.G.

1990-08-01

As with all parton distributions in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) the separation of polarised nucleon structure functions into gluon and quark contributions must be specified. We consider a definition of the gluon contribution to polarised nucleon structure functions based on exclusive processes which is explicitly gauge invariant, has no regularisation ambiguities, is insensitive to infrared singularities and can be related to other polarised scattering processes. We discuss the relationship of this gluon definition to others that have recently been used and to the estimates that have been made of the gluon contribution using current algebra and other methods. A quantitative analysis of the structure function g 1 (x,Q 2 ) for polarised deep inelastic scattering is carried out, with the aim of examining the importance of the gluon contribution. Using the positivity of parton distributions the magnitude of Δg(x,Q 2 ) is constrained by a realistic estimate of the unpolarised glue. With the appropriate choice of the hard scattering cross-section, Δσ γg , we find that even with a maximally polarised glue (for x > 0.1), some polarised strange quark contribution is still needed by the data of the EMC. (author)

Confined gluon from Minkowski space continuation of the PT-BFM SDE solution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šauli, Vladimír

2012-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 3 (2012), 035003/1-035003/16 ISSN 0954-3899 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : Minkowski pace * effective QCD * gluon mass generation Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics Impact factor: 5.326, year: 2012

Simulations of dimensionally reduced effective theories of high temperature QCD

CERN Document Server

Hietanen, Ari

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory describing interaction between quarks and gluons. At low temperatures, quarks are confined forming hadrons, e.g. protons and neutrons. However, at extremely high temperatures the hadrons break apart and the matter transforms into plasma of individual quarks and gluons. In this theses the quark gluon plasma (QGP) phase of QCD is studied using lattice techniques in the framework of dimensionally reduced effective theories EQCD and MQCD. Two quantities are in particular interest: the pressure (or grand potential) and the quark number susceptibility. At high temperatures the pressure admits a generalised coupling constant expansion, where some coefficients are non-perturbative. We determine the first such contribution of order g^6 by performing lattice simulations in MQCD. This requires high precision lattice calculations, which we perform with different number of colors N_c to obtain N_c-dependence on the coefficient. The quark number susceptibility is studied by perf...

Check of the bootstrap conditions for the gluon Reggeization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Papa, A.

2000-01-01

The property of gluon Reggeization plays an essential role in the derivation of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) equation for the cross sections at high energy √s in perturbative QCD. This property has been proved to all orders of perturbation theory in the leading logarithmic approximation and it is assumed to be valid also in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation, where it has been checked only to the first three orders of perturbation theory. From s-channel unitarity, however, very stringent 'bootstrap' conditions can be derived which, if fulfilled, leave no doubts that gluon Reggeization holds

Gluon condensation and modelling of quark confinement in QCD-motivated Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bel'kov, A.A.; Ebert, D.; Emel'yanenko, A.V.

1992-01-01

The possibility of modelling of a quark propagator without poles realizing quark confinement is considered on the basis of a nonperturbative gluon propagator including gluon condensation and a dynamical gluon mass. The property of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is retained providing us with a reasonable pattern of low-lying meson properties. 2 figs.; 1 tab

The Glauber approach in perturbative QCD: nucleon case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayala Filho, A.L.; Pelotas Univ., RS; Ducaty, M.B. Gay; Levin, E.M.; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Inst.,

1997-01-01

We investigate the shadowing corrections for the nucleon gluon distribution predicted from Glauber (Mueller) approach in perturbative QCD. This work is a digest for the nucleon case of the extended work prior presented by the authors

Soft gluon emission in coloured quark scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frenkel, J.; Meuldemans, R.; Mohammad, I.; Taylor, J.C.

1977-01-01

In order to investigate the infrared behaviour of non-Abelian gauge theories the leading logarithms in the bremsstrahlung of two soft gluons by a coloured quark scattered in an external colourless potential have been calculated. In the calculations only diagrams containing exactly one Yang-Mills vertex have been used alongside with the dimensional infrared regularization. An expression is obtained exhibiting a crucial difference between QCD and QED

The gluon propagator in momentum space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernard, C. [Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics; Parrinello, C. [New York Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics]|[Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Soni, A. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)

1992-12-31

We consider quenched QCD on a 16{sup 3}{times}40 lattice at {beta}=6.0. We give preliminary numerical results for the lattice gluon propagator evaluated both in coordinate and momentum space. Our findings are compared with earlier results in the literature at zero momentum. In addition, by considering nonzero momenta we attempt to extract the form of the propagator and compare it to continuum predictions formulated by Gribov and others.

The gluon propagator in momentum space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernard, C. (Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics); Parrinello, C. (New York Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)); Soni, A. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States))

1992-01-01

We consider quenched QCD on a 16[sup 3][times]40 lattice at [beta]=6.0. We give preliminary numerical results for the lattice gluon propagator evaluated both in coordinate and momentum space. Our findings are compared with earlier results in the literature at zero momentum. In addition, by considering nonzero momenta we attempt to extract the form of the propagator and compare it to continuum predictions formulated by Gribov and others.

The gluon propagator in momentum space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernard, C. (Dept. of Physics, Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)); Parrinello, C. (Physics Dept., New York Univ., NY (United States) Physics Dept., Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)); Soni, A. (Physics Dept., Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States))

1993-03-01

We consider quenched QCD on a 16[sup 3] x 40 lattice at [beta] = 6.0. We give preliminary numerical results for the lattice gluon propagator evaluated both in coordinate and momentum space. Our findings are compared with earlier results in the literature at zero momentum. In addition, by considering nonzero momenta we attempt to extract the form of the propagator and compare it to continuum predictions formulated by Gribov and others. (orig.)

Constituent gluons and the static quark potential

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greensite, Jeff [San Francisco State Univ., CA (United States); Szczepaniak, Adam P. [Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

2016-04-01

We suggest that Hamiltonian matrix elements between physical states in QCD might be approximated, in Coulomb gauge, by "lattice-improved" tree diagrams; i.e. tree diagram contributions with dressed ghost, transverse gluon, and Coulomb propagators obtained from lattice simulations. Such matrix elements can be applied to a variational treatment of hadronic states which include constituent gluons. As an illustration and first application of this hybrid approach, we derive a variational estimate of the heavy quark potential for distances up to 2.5 fm. The Coulomb string tension in SU(3) gauge theory is about a factor of four times greater than the asymptotic string tension. In our variational approach, using for simplicity a single variational parameter, we can reduce this overshoot by nearly the factor required. The building blocks of our approach are Coulomb gauge propagators, and in this connection we present new lattice results for the ghost and transverse gluon propagators in position space.

Coherent-state representation for the QCD ground state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Celenza, L.S.; Ji, C.; Shakin, C.M.

1987-01-01

We make use of the temporal gauge to construct a coherent state which is meant to describe the gluon condensate in the QCD vacuum under the assumption that the condensate is in a zero-momentum mode. The state so constructed is a color singlet and will yield finite, nonperturbative vacuum expectation values such as . (This matrix element is found to have a value of about 0.012 GeV 4 in QCD sum-rule studies.)

Novel Aspects of Hard Diffraction in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, Stanley J.

2005-01-01

Initial- and final-state interactions from gluon-exchange, normally neglected in the parton model have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions, leading to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, and nuclear shadowing and antishadowing--leading-twist physics not incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. I also discuss the use of diffraction to materialize the Fock states of a hadronic projectile and test QCD color transparency

Perturbative QCD and exclusive processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bennett, J.; Hawes, F.; Zhao, M.; Zyla, P.

1991-01-01

The authors discuss perturbation theory as applied to particle physics calculations. In particle physics one is generally interested in the scattering amplitude for a system going from some initial state to a final state. The intermediate state or states are unknown. To get the scattering amplitude it is necessary to sum the contributions from processes which pass through all possible intermediate states. Intermediate states involve the exchange of intermediate vector bosons between the particles, and with this interaction is associated a coupling constant α. Each additional boson exchange involves an additional contribution of α to the coupling. If α is less than 1, one can see that the relative contribution of higher order processes is less and less important as α falls. In QCD the gluons serve as the intermediate vector bosons exchanged by quarks and gluons, and the interaction constant is not really a constant, but depends upon the distance between the particles. At short distances the coupling is small, and one can assume perturbative expansions may converge rapidly. Exclusive scattering processes, as opposed to inclusive, are those in which all of the final state products are detected. The authors then discuss the application of perturbative QCD to the deuteron. The issues of chiral conservation and color transparancy are also discussed, in the scheme of large Q 2 interations, where perturbative QCD should be applicable

Comparison of moments from the valence structure function with QCD predictions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groot, J.G.H. de; Hansl, T.; Holder, M.; Knobloch, J.; May, J.; Paar, H.P.; Palazzi, P.; Para, A.; Ranjard, F.; Schlatter, D.; Steinberger, J.; Suter, H.; Rueden, W. von; Wahl, H.; Whitaker, S.; Williams, E.G.H.; Eisele, F.; Kleinknecht, K.; Lierl, H.; Spahn, G.; Willutzki, H.J.; Dorth, W.; Dydak, F.; Geweniger, C.; Hepp, V.; Tittel, K.; Wotschack, J.; Bloch, P.; Devaux, B.; Loucatos, S.; Maillard, J.; Merlo, J.P.; Peyaud, B.; Rander, J.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Turlay, R.; Navarria, F.L.

1979-01-01

Moments (both ordinary and Nachtmann) of the nucleon valence structure function measured in high Q 2 γFe scattering are presented, supplemented by data from deep inelastic eD scattering. These data seem to agree with QCD predictions for vector gluons. The QCD parameter Λ is found to be of the order 0.5 GeV. (Auth.)

Soft gluon resummation in the infrared region and the Froissart bound

CERN Document Server

Pancheri, Giulia; Godbole, Rohini M; Srivastava, Yogendra N

2010-01-01

We describe the taming effect induced by soft gluon $k_t$-resummation on the rapid rise of QCD mini-jet contributions to the total cross-sections.This results from an eikonal model in which the rise of the total cross-section is due to mini-jet contribution. We perform the calculation with current Parton Density Functions (PDFs). The impact parameter distribution we use is obtained as the Fourier transform of the resummed $k_t$-distribution of soft gluons emitted from the initial state during the collision.The emission, which is energy dependent, destroys the initial collinearity of partons.In this model, the strong power-like rise due to the increasing number of low-x gluon collisions is tamed by the acollinearity induced by soft gluon kt-resummation down to zero gluon momenta. It explicitly links a singular soft gluon coupling in the infrared region to the behaviour dictated by the Froissart bound for the total cross-section. The model describes well both proton and photon processes at present accelerator e...

Hadron physics from lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaefer, Andreas [Regensburg Univ. (Germany). Inst. for Theoretical Physics

2016-11-01

Particle physics experiments at modern high luminosity particle accelerators achieve orders of magnitude higher count rates than what was possible ten or twenty years ago. This extremely large statistics allows to draw far reaching conclusions even from minute signals, provided that these signals are well understood by theory. This is, however, ever more difficult to achieve. Presently, technical and scientific progress in general and experimental progress in particle physics in particular, shows typically an exponential growth rate. For example, data acquisition and analysis are, among many other factor, driven by the development of ever more efficient computers and thus by Moore's law. Theory has to keep up with this development by also achieving an exponential increase in precision, which is only possible using powerful computers. This is true for both types of calculations, analytic ones as, e.g., in quantum field perturbation theory, and purely numerical ones as in Lattice QCD. As stated above such calculations are absolutely indispensable to make best use of the extremely costly large particle physics experiments. Thus, it is economically reasonable to invest a certain percentage of the cost of accelerators and experiments in related theory efforts. The basic ideas behind Lattice QCD simulations are the following: Because quarks and gluons can never be observed individually but are always ''confined'' into colorless hadrons, like the proton, all quark-gluon states can be expressed in two different systems of basis states, namely in a quark-gluon basis and the basis of hadron states. The proton, e.g., is an eigenstate of the latter, a specific quark-gluon configuration is part of the former. In the quark-gluon basis a physical hadron, like a proton, is given by an extremely complicated multi-particle wave function containing all effects of quantum fluctuations. This state is so complicated that it is basically impossible to model it

QCD Pomeron in γγ and γ*γ* collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kwiecinski, J.; Motyka, L.

1999-01-01

Full text: The reaction γγ → J/ΨJ/Ψ is discussed assuming dominance of the QCD BFKL pomeron exchange. We give prediction for the cross-section of this process for LEP2 and TESLA energies. We solve the BFKL equation in the non-forward configuration taking into account dominant non-leading effects which come from the requirement that the virtuality of the exchanged gluons along the gluon ladder is controlled by their transverse momentum squared. We compare our results with those corresponding to the simple two gluon exchange mechanism and with the BFKL pomeron exchange in the leading logarithmic approximation. The BFKL effects are found to generate a steeper t-dependence than the two gluon exchange. The cross-section is found to increase with increasing CM energy W as (W 2 ) 2λ . The parameter λ is slowly varying with W and takes the values λ ∼ 0.23 - 0.28. The magnitude of the total cross-section for the process γγ → J/ΨJ/Ψ is found to increase from 4 to 26 pb within the energy range accessible at LEP2. The magnitude of the total cross-section for the process e + e - → e + e - J/ΨJ/Ψ with antitagged e + and e - is estimated to be around 0.1 pb at LEP2. We analysed the BFKL pomeron contribution to the γ * γ * collision at high energy incorporating the dominant non-leading effects. We confronted our results with the recent preliminary data from LEP for two tagged leptons and gave predictions for the future linear colliders. (authors)

Quarks and gluons in the nucleon: Proceedings. Volume 6

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

The purpose of the symposium was to discuss the quark and gluon structure of the nucleon as probed experimentally by hard processes with lepton and hadron beams and studied theoretically by perturbative QCD, lattice QCD and effective models on the one hand and to stimulate research activities in the fields related to RHIC and RHIC-SPIN projects on the other hand. There were 18 talks and 2 discussion sessions. About 50, including 5 from abroad participated in the symposium. An excellent summary in the form of 5 most important transparencies and a one-page explanation is included for each of the invited talks.

Effects of magnetic fields on the quark–gluon plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bali, G.S. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg (Germany); Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005 (India); Bruckmann, F. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg (Germany); Endrődi, G., E-mail: gergely.endrodi@physik.uni-r.de [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg (Germany); Fodor, Z. [Eötvös University, Theoretical Physics, Pázmány P. s 1/A, H-1117, Budapest (Hungary); Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Theoretical Physics, 42119 Wuppertal (Germany); Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich (Germany); Katz, S.D. [Eötvös University, Theoretical Physics, Pázmány P. s 1/A, H-1117, Budapest (Hungary); MTA-ELTE Lendület Lattice Gauge Theory Research Group (Hungary); Schäfer, A. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg (Germany)

2014-11-15

In this talk, the response of the thermal QCD medium to external (electro)magnetic fields is studied using continuum extrapolated lattice results at physical quark masses. The magnetic susceptibility of QCD is calculated, revealing a strong paramagnetic response at high temperatures. This paramagnetism is shown to result in an anisotropic squeezing of the quark–gluon plasma in non-central heavy-ion collisions, implying a sizeable contribution to the elliptic flow. Another aspect is the magnetic response of topologically non-trivial domains to the magnetic field. We quantify this effect on the lattice and compare the results to a simple model estimate.

Quarks and gluons in the nucleon: Proceedings. Volume 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-01-01

The purpose of the symposium was to discuss the quark and gluon structure of the nucleon as probed experimentally by hard processes with lepton and hadron beams and studied theoretically by perturbative QCD, lattice QCD and effective models on the one hand and to stimulate research activities in the fields related to RHIC and RHIC-SPIN projects on the other hand. There were 18 talks and 2 discussion sessions. About 50, including 5 from abroad participated in the symposium. An excellent summary in the form of 5 most important transparencies and a one-page explanation is included for each of the invited talks

Beyond QCD: Why and How

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preparata, G.

1983-01-01

In this paper the necessity of going beyond Quantum chromodynamics is argued, and a new theory of Isotropic Chromodynamics (ICD) is introduced. The basic theoretical notions behind QCD--quarks, colors, and gauge theory are retained, but the conclusion that QCD must be the theory of hadrions is questioned. Two points of QCD are reviewed, gluons (including glueballs), and asymptotic freedom. It is suggested that much of this theory is wishful thinking. Beyond QCD, aspects which are puzzling in hadrodynamics are well understood in two-dimensional gauge theories (confinement, freedom at short distances etc). Anisotropic chromodynamics is proposed in the attempt to conjugate the basic pillars of hadrodynamics with the peculiar characteristics of two-dimensional gauge dynamics. In order to construct a gauge dynamics for the color field which is isomorphic to a two-dimensional gauge-theory base space must be enlarged to a seven dimension space-time structure, to be called Anisotropic Space-Time (AST). The ideas and present achievements of ICD are then reviewed

Quark–gluon plasma phenomenology from anisotropic lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skullerud, Jon-Ivar; Kelly, Aoife [Department of Mathematical Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare (Ireland); Aarts, Gert; Allton, Chris; Amato, Alessandro; Evans, P. Wynne M.; Hands, Simon [Department of Physics, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales (United Kingdom); Burnier, Yannis [Institut de Théorie des Phénomènes Physiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH–1015 Lausanne (Switzerland); Giudice, Pietro [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Münster, D–48149 Münster (Germany); Harris, Tim; Ryan, Sinéad M. [School of Mathematics, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland); Kim, Seyong [Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747 (Korea, Republic of); Lombardo, Maria Paola [INFN–Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I–00044 Frascati (RM) (Italy); Oktay, Mehmet B. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Rothkopf, Alexander [Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, D–69120 Heidelberg (Germany)

2016-01-22

The FASTSUM collaboration has been carrying out simulations of N{sub f} = 2 + 1 QCD at nonzero temperature in the fixed-scale approach using anisotropic lattices. Here we present the status of these studies, including recent results for electrical conductivity and charge diffusion, and heavy quarkonium (charm and beauty) physics.

WORKSHOP QCD at 20

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nachtmann, O.

1992-01-01

The modern theory of strong interactions - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), where quarks and gluons carrying the 'colour' quantum number play the essential role, is twenty years old. This birthday was duly celebrated at RWTH Aachen from 9-13 June, where recurring themes were - what has been achieved in the past twenty years?, where do we stand?, and what are the perspectives for the future?

Threshold resummation at N3LL accuracy and soft-virtual cross sections at N3LO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catani, Stefano; Cieri, Leandro; Florian, Daniel de; Ferrera, Giancarlo; Grazzini, Massimiliano

2014-01-01

We consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of colorless high-mass systems in hadron collisions. We show that the recent computation of the soft-virtual corrections to Higgs boson production at N 3 LO [1] together with the universality structure of soft-gluon emission can be exploited to extract the general expression of the hard-virtual coefficient that contributes to threshold resummation at N 3 LL accuracy. The hard-virtual coefficient is directly related to the process-dependent virtual amplitude through a universal (process-independent) factorization formula that we explicitly evaluate up to three-loop order. As an application, we present the explicit expression of the soft-virtual N 3 LO corrections for the production of an arbitrary colorless system. In the case of the Drell–Yan process, we confirm the recent result of Ref. [2

Threshold resummation at N3LL accuracy and soft-virtual cross sections at N3LO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefano Catani

2014-11-01

Full Text Available We consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of colorless high-mass systems in hadron collisions. We show that the recent computation of the soft-virtual corrections to Higgs boson production at N3LO [1] together with the universality structure of soft-gluon emission can be exploited to extract the general expression of the hard-virtual coefficient that contributes to threshold resummation at N3LL accuracy. The hard-virtual coefficient is directly related to the process-dependent virtual amplitude through a universal (process-independent factorization formula that we explicitly evaluate up to three-loop order. As an application, we present the explicit expression of the soft-virtual N3LO corrections for the production of an arbitrary colorless system. In the case of the Drell–Yan process, we confirm the recent result of Ref. [2].

A QCD derivation of the additive quark model from two and three gluon exchanges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipkin, H.J.

1982-06-01

The contributions to the Pomeron from two and three gluon exchanges are shown to give the correct combinatorial factors for the additive quark model relation between meson and baryon Pomeron couplings, even though two-quark and three-quark operators are involved. Similar results hold for the contributions to hadron masses from three-gluon vertices as well as one-gluon exchange. The color algebra reduces the multiquark couplings to a linear function of quark number. (author)

Quark-gluon soup — The perfectly liquid phase of QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Heinz, Ulrich

2015-01-01

At temperatures above about 150 MeV and energy densities exceeding 500 MeV/fm3, quarks and gluons exist in the form of a plasma of free color charges that is about 1000 times hotter and a billion times denser than any other plasma ever created in the laboratory. This quark-gluon plasma (QGP) turns out to be strongly coupled, flowing like a liquid. About 35 years ago, the nuclear physics community started a program of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with the goal of producing and studying QGP under controlled laboratory conditions. This article recounts the story of its successful creation in collider experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN and the subsequent discovery of its almost perfectly liquid nature, and reports on the recent quantitatively precise determination of its thermodynamic and transport properties.

Elementary amplitudes from full QCD and the stochastic vacuum model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martini, A.F.; Menon, M.J.

2002-01-01

In a previous work, making use of the gluon gauge-invariant two-point correlation function determined from lattice QCD in the quenched approximation and the stochastic vacuum model, we determined the elementary (parton-parton) scattering amplitude in the momentum transfer space. In this communication we compute the elementary amplitude from new lattice QCD calculations that include the effects of dynamical fermions (full QCD). The main conclusion is that the inclusion of dynamical fermions leads to a normalized elementary amplitude that decreases more quickly with the momentum transfer than that in the quenched approximation. (author)

Quarkonium decays: Testing the 3-gluon vertex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koller, K.; Walsh, T.F.; Zerwas, P.M.; Technische Hochschule Aachen

1980-12-01

We study the 3-jet decays of S and P-wave quarkonia with C = +. If observed, some of these will offer a way of seeing the 3G vertex of QCD via 1 Ssub(o), 3 Psub(o), 3 P 2 (Qanti Q) → GGG + Gqanti q → 3 jets. (As is well-known, cancellations reduce 3 P 1 (anti Q) → GGG.) We elaborate in detail the S-wave decay as it is expected to show all the characteristic features of orthoquarkonium decays into 4 jets, 3 S 1 (Qanti Q) → GGGG + GGqanti q → 4 jets which we will comment upon. These quarkonium decays offer a very clear signal for QCD as a non-abelian local gauge field theory with color-charged gluons. (orig.)

Hot QCD equations of state and relativistic heavy ion collisions

Science.gov (United States)

Chandra, Vinod; Kumar, Ravindra; Ravishankar, V.

2007-11-01

We study two recently proposed equations of state obtained from high-temperature QCD and show how they can be adapted to use them for making predictions for relativistic heavy ion collisions. The method involves extracting equilibrium distribution functions for quarks and gluons from the equation of state (EOS), which in turn will allow a determination of the transport and other bulk properties of the quark gluon-plasma. Simultaneously, the method also yields a quasiparticle description of interacting quarks and gluons. The first EOS is perturbative in the QCD coupling constant and has contributions of O(g5). The second EOS is an improvement over the first, with contributions up to O[g6ln(1/g)]; it incorporates the nonperturbative hard thermal contributions. The interaction effects are shown to be captured entirely by the effective chemical potentials for the gluons and the quarks, in both cases. The chemical potential is seen to be highly sensitive to the EOS. As an application, we determine the screening lengths, which are, indeed, the most important diagnostics for QGP. The screening lengths are seen to behave drastically differently depending on the EOS considered and therefore yield a way to distinguish the two equations of state in heavy ion collisions.

Virtual photoproduction of hadrons at large p/sub T/ as a probe for gluon bremsstrahlung

CERN Document Server

Floratos, Emmanuel G

1978-01-01

In a SU/sub 3, colour/ x SU/sub 3, flavour/ invariant interaction of quarks and gluons, where the colour degree of freedom is locally gauged, first-order corrections of the naive parton model are calculated for the one-hadron inclusive virtual photoproduction. The high p/sub T/ distribution of hadrons is studied and the kinetical region in which the prediction of the model dominates over the fall- off approximately exp(-bp/sub T//sup 2/) which seems to be supported by the low-p/sub T/ available experimental data is determined. (29 refs).

Thermodynamic potential with condensate fields in an SU(2) model of QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebert, D.

1996-06-01

We calculate the thermodynamic potential of the quark-gluon plasma in an SU(2) model of QCD, taking into account the gluon condensate configuration with a constant A 4 -potential and a uniform chromomagnetic field H. Within this scheme the interplay of condensate fields, as well as the role of quarks in the possible dynamical stabilization of the system is investigated. (orig.)

NLO corrections to the photon impact factor: Combining real and virtual corrections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Colferai, D.; Kyrieleis, A.; Gieseke, S.

2002-08-01

In this third part of our calculation of the QCD NLO corrections to the photon impact factor we combine our previous results for the real corrections with the singular pieces of the virtual corrections and present finite analytic expressions for the quark-antiquark-gluon intermediate state inside the photon impact factor. We begin with a list of the infrared singular pieces of the virtual correction, obtained in the first step of our program. We then list the complete results for the real corrections (longitudinal and transverse photon polarization). In the next step we defined, for the real corrections, the collinear and soft singular regions and calculate their contributions to the impact factor. We then subtract the contribution due to the central region. Finally, we combine the real corrections with the singular pieces of the virtual corrections and obtain our finite results. (orig.)

Phase transition in dense nuclear matter with quark and gluon condensates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, J.; Kapusta, J.I.; Olive, K.A.

1991-01-01

Nuclear matter is expected to modify the expectation values of the quark and gluon condensates. We utilize the chiral and scale symmetries of QCD to describe the interaction between these condensates and hadrons. We solve the resulting equations self-consistently in the relativistic mean field approximation. In order that these QCD condensates be driven towards zero at high density their coupling to sigma and vector mesons must be such that the masses of these mesons do not decrease with density. In this case a physically sensible phase transition to quark matter ensures. (orig.)

QCD physics with the CMS experiment

CERN Document Server

Cerci, Salim

2017-01-01

Jets which are the signatures of quarks and gluons in the detector can be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in terms of parton-parton scattering. Jets are abundantly produced at the LHC's high energy scales. Measurements of inclusive jets, dijets and multijets can be used to test perturbative QCD predictions and to constrain parton distribution functions (PDF), as well as to measure the strong coupling constant $\\alpha_{S}$. The measurements use the samples of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at various center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV.

QCD Physics with the CMS Experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Cerci, S.

2017-12-01

Jets which are the signatures of quarks and gluons in the detector can be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in terms of parton-parton scattering. Jets are abundantly produced at the LHC's high energy scales. Measurements of inclusive jets, dijets and multijets can be used to test perturbative QCD predictions and to constrain parton distribution functions (PDF), as well as to measure the strong coupling constant αS . The measurements use the samples of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at various center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV.

Regularization of the light-cone gauge gluon propagator singularities using sub-gauge conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chirilli, Giovanni A.; Kovchegov, Yuri V.; Wertepny, Douglas E. [Department of Physics, The Ohio State University,191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States)

2015-12-21

Perturbative QCD calculations in the light-cone gauge have long suffered from the ambiguity associated with the regularization of the poles in the gluon propagator. In this work we study sub-gauge conditions within the light-cone gauge corresponding to several known ways of regulating the gluon propagator. Using the functional integral calculation of the gluon propagator, we rederive the known sub-gauge conditions for the θ-function gauges and identify the sub-gauge condition for the principal value (PV) regularization of the gluon propagator’s light-cone poles. The obtained sub-gauge condition for the PV case is further verified by a sample calculation of the classical Yang-Mills field of two collinear ultrarelativistic point color charges. Our method does not allow one to construct a sub-gauge condition corresponding to the well-known Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescription for regulating the gluon propagator poles.

Numerical evaluation of one-loop QCD amplitudes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Badger, Simon David; Biedermann, Benedikt; Uwer, Peter

2012-01-01

We present the publicly available program NGluon allowing the numerical evaluation of primitive amplitudes at one-loop order in massless QCD. The program allows the computation of one-loop amplitudes for an arbitrary number of gluons. The focus of the present article is the extension to one-loop ...

Introduction to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the physics of jets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billoire, Alain; Napoly, Olivier.

1980-12-01

These lecture notes constitute an introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), theory of strong interactions. After an elementary presentation of the essential theoretical tools (Lagrangian, renormalization group) and of their consequences for QCD (asymptotic freedom, scaling invariance), we use these to study jets in e + e - annihilation. We thus deal with the problem of infrared divergences and, finally, with the one of the indirect experimental detection of the gluon [fr

Exclusive hadronic and nuclear processes in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.

1985-12-01

Hadronic and nuclear processes are covered, in which all final particles are measured at large invariant masses compared with each other, i.e., large momentum transfer exclusive reactions. Hadronic wave functions in QCD and QCD sum rule constraints on hadron wave functions are discussed. The question of the range of applicability of the factorization formula and perturbation theory for exclusive processes is considered. Some consequences of quark and gluon degrees of freedom in nuclei are discussed which are outside the usual domain of traditional nuclear physics. 44 refs., 7 figs

Jet formation and interference in a thin QCD medium

CERN Document Server

Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge; Tywoniuk, Konrad

2016-11-29

In heavy-ion collisions, an abundant production of high-energy QCD jets allows to study how these multiparticle sprays are modified as they pass through the quark-gluon plasma. In order to shed new light on this process, we compute the inclusive two-gluon rate off a hard quark propagating through a color deconfined medium at first order in medium opacity. We explicitly impose an energy ordering of the two emitted gluons, such that the "hard" gluon can be thought of as belonging to the jet substructure while the other is a "soft" emission (which can be collinear or medium-induced). Our analysis focusses on two specific limits that clarify the modification of the additional angle- and formation time-ordering of splittings. In one limit, the formation time of the "hard" gluon is short compared to the "soft" gluon formation time, leading to a probabilistic formula for production of and subsequent radiation off a quark-gluon antenna. In the other limit, the ordering of formation is reverted, which automatically le...

Transverse single-spin asymmetry in the low-virtuality leptoproduction of open charm as a probe of the gluon Sivers function

Science.gov (United States)

Godbole, Rohini M.; Kaushik, Abhiram; Misra, Anuradha

2018-04-01

We study the low-virtuality inclusive leptoproduction of open charm, p↑l →D0+X as a probe of the gluon Sivers function. We perform the analysis in a generalized parton model framework. At leading order, this process is sensitive only to the gluon content of the proton. Hence any detection of a transverse single-spin asymmetry in this process would be clear indication of a non-zero gluon Sivers function (GSF). Considering COMPASS and a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we present predictions for asymmetry using fits for the GSF available in literature. Predictions for peak asymmetry values lie in the range of 0.8% to 13%. We also present estimates of the upper bound on the asymmetry as obtained with a maximal gluon Sivers function. Further, for the case of the Electron-Ion Collider, we evaluate the asymmetry in the muons decaying from the D -meson and find that the asymmetry is well preserved in the kinematics of the muons. Peak values of the muon asymmetry are close to those obtained for the D -meson and lie in the range 0.75% to 11%.

A subtraction scheme for computing QCD jet cross sections at NNLO: regularization of real-virtual emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Somogyi, Gabor; Trocsanyi, Zoltan [University of Debrecen and Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4001 Debrecen, PO Box 51 (Hungary)

2007-01-15

We present a generalization of the dipole subtraction scheme for computing jet cross sections in electron-positron annihilation at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in perturbative QCD. In this second part we deal with the regularization of the real-virtual contribution to the NNLO correction.

Gluon contribution to the Sivers effect. COMPASS results on deuteron target

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Szabelski Adam

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Sivers effect for gluons is connected to gluon orbital angular momentum which may be the missing part of the nucleon spin puzzle. We present a method of extraction of Sivers effect for gluons from COMPASS SIDIS data on transversely polarised target. In order to access the Sivers effect for gluons photon-gluon fusion (PGF process is used. To enhance the fraction of PGF in the sample high-pT hadron pair events are selected. The method is based on a assumption that there are 3 processes contributing to the muon-nucleon scattering: PGF, leading process and QCD Compton process. Then one performs a weighting procedure which enables to extract the asymmetries for the 3 contributing processes simultaneously. In order to do that a neural network trained by a Monte Carlo to assign to each event 3 probabilities corresponding to the 3 processes is needed. Finaly we show results of Sivers effect for gluons extraction on COMPASS data with transversely polarised deuteron target. APGFsinΦ2h–ΦS = −0.14 ± 0.15 (stat. at ‹XG› = 0.126.

Monte Carlo study on the properties of gluon and quark jets

CERN Document Server

Kun Shi Zhang; Mei Ling Yu; Lian Shou Liu

2002-01-01

The 3-jet events produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ collisions at 91.2 GeV have been studied using Monte Carlo method. After applying two angular cuts the three angles between the jets are used to identify the individual jet in 3-jet events. The energy distributions of the three jets, the mean particle multiplicities, mean transverse momenta of the three jets in equal energy bins and their distributions have been analyzed. Comparing with the corresponding results from the quark jets in 2-jet events, a simple method to select gluon and quark jets from 3-jet events is obtained. The properties of the gluon and quark jets being selected using the introduced method are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of perturbative QCD. The ratio of the mean multiplicity between quark and gluon jets, /sub gluon///sub quark/, has been calculated. The results, again, agree with the experimental results from SLD, OPAL, ALEPH, and DELPHI Collaborations, indicating that the method proposed to select gluon and quark jets from ...

QCD at low energy: a many-body approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yépez-Martínez, T; Hess, P O; Lerma, S; Szczepaniak, A; Civitarese, O

2011-01-01

A review is given on recent results in the treatment of an arbitrary number of orbital levels in low energy QCD. For the pure quark part, analytic results for the dominant part of the Hamiltonian are presented. Possible extensions, including dynamic gluons, are discussed.

Shear and bulk viscosity of high-temperature gluon plasma

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Le; Hou, De-Fu

2018-05-01

We calculate the shear viscosity (η) and bulk viscosity (ζ) to entropy density (s) ratios η/s and ζ/s of a gluon plasma system in kinetic theory, including both the elastic {gg}≤ftrightarrow {gg} forward scattering and the inelastic soft gluon bremsstrahlung {gg}≤ftrightarrow {ggg} processes. Due to the suppressed contribution to η and ζ in the {gg}≤ftrightarrow {gg} forward scattering and the effective g≤ftrightarrow {gg} gluon splitting, Arnold, Moore and Yaffe (AMY) and Arnold, Dogan and Moore (ADM) have got the leading order computations for η and ζ in high-temperature QCD matter. In this paper, we calculate the correction to η and ζ in the soft gluon bremsstrahlung {gg}≤ftrightarrow {ggg} process with an analytic method. We find that the contribution of the collision term from the {gg}≤ftrightarrow {ggg} soft gluon bremsstrahlung process is just a small perturbation to the {gg}≤ftrightarrow {gg} scattering process and that the correction is at ∼5% level. Then, we obtain the bulk viscosity of the gluon plasma for the number-changing process. Furthermore, our leading-order result for bulk viscosity is the formula \\zeta \\propto \\tfrac{{α }s2{T}3}{ln}{α }s-1} in high-temperature gluon plasma. Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC) under the “973” Project (2015CB856904(4)) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11735007, 11521064)

Threshold resummation at N{sup 3}LL accuracy and soft-virtual cross sections at N{sup 3}LO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Catani, Stefano [INFN, Sezione di Firenze and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence (Italy); Cieri, Leandro [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Rome (Italy); Florian, Daniel de [Departamento de Física, FCEYN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (1428) Pabellón 1 Ciudad Universitaria, Capital Federal (Argentina); Ferrera, Giancarlo [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan (Italy); Grazzini, Massimiliano [Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich (Switzerland)

2014-11-15

We consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of colorless high-mass systems in hadron collisions. We show that the recent computation of the soft-virtual corrections to Higgs boson production at N{sup 3}LO [1] together with the universality structure of soft-gluon emission can be exploited to extract the general expression of the hard-virtual coefficient that contributes to threshold resummation at N{sup 3}LL accuracy. The hard-virtual coefficient is directly related to the process-dependent virtual amplitude through a universal (process-independent) factorization formula that we explicitly evaluate up to three-loop order. As an application, we present the explicit expression of the soft-virtual N{sup 3}LO corrections for the production of an arbitrary colorless system. In the case of the Drell–Yan process, we confirm the recent result of Ref. [2].

Associated production of Z bosons and b-jets at the LHC in the combined k{sub T}+collinear QCD factorization approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baranov, S.P. [P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation); Jung, H. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Lipatov, A.V. [Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation). Skobeltsyn Inst. of Nuclear Physics; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Malyshev, M.A. [Moscow State Univ. (Russian Federation). Skobeltsyn Inst. of Nuclear Physics

2017-08-15

We consider the production of Z bosons associated with beauty quarks at the LHC using a combined k{sub T}+collinear QCD factorization approach, that interpolates between small x and large x physics. Our consideration is based on the off-shell gluon-gluon fusion subprocess g{sup *}g{sup *}→ZQ anti Q at the leading order O(αα{sup 2}{sub s}) (where the Z boson further decays into a lepton pair), calculated in the k{sub T}-factorization approach, and several subleading O(αα{sup 2}{sub s}) and O(αα{sup 3}{sub s}) subprocesses involving quark-antiquark and quark-gluon interactions, taken into account in conventional (collinear) QCD factorization. The contributions from double parton scattering are discussed as well. The transverse momentum dependent (or unintegrated) gluon densities in a proton are derived from Catani-Ciafaloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation. We achieve reasonably good agreement with the latest data taken by CMS and ATLAS Collaborations. The comparison of our results with next-to-leading-order pQCD predictions, obtained in the collinear QCD factorization, is presented. We discuss the uncertainties of our calculations and demonstrate the importance of subleading quark involving contributions in describing the LHC data in the whole kinematic region.

Associated production of Z bosons and b-jets at the LHC in the combined k{sub T} + collinear QCD factorization approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baranov, S.P. [P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation); Jung, H. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg (Germany); Lipatov, A.V. [Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow (Russian Federation); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Malyshev, M.A. [Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2017-11-15

We consider the production of Z bosons associated with beauty quarks at the LHC using a combined k{sub T} + collinear QCD factorization approach, which interpolates between small x and large x physics. Our consideration is based on the off-shell gluon-gluon fusion subprocess g*g* → ZQ anti Q at the leading order O(αα{sub s}{sup 2}) (where the Z boson further decays into a lepton pair), calculated in the k{sub T}-factorization approach, and several subleading O(αα{sub s}{sup 2}) and O(αα{sub s}{sup 3}) subprocesses involving quark-antiquark and quark-gluon interactions, taken into account in conventional (collinear) QCD factorization. The contributions from double parton scattering are discussed as well. The transverse momentum dependent (or unintegrated) gluon densities in a proton are derived from Catani-Ciafaloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equation. We achieve reasonably good agreement with the latest data taken by CMS and ATLAS Collaborations. The comparison of our results with next-to-leading-order pQCD predictions, obtained in the collinear QCD factorization, is presented. We discuss the uncertainties of our calculations and demonstrate the importance of subleading quark-involving contributions in describing the LHC data in the whole kinematic region. (orig.)

Quark and gluon jets in the Breit frame of lepton-nucleon scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Streng, K.H.; Zerwas, P.M.; Walsh, T.F.

1979-02-01

Gluon bremsstrahlung, q → Gq, and quark pair production from gluons, G → q anti q, in deep inelastic reactions is investigated in the Breit frame (moving along) anti Q in the laboratory. These QCD effects diminish the overall forward momentum. There are also events with a single large p,- forward jet. One spectucular class of events is predicted in which no forward going hadrons emerge in the Breit frame. These effects are not mimicked by nonperturbative (limited p,-) partons jets at large but attainable Q 2 . (orig.) [de

QCD and Fermi gas model interpretations of the E.M.C. effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Close, F.E.

1986-07-01

It is suggested that there is a correspondence between the quantum chromo-dynamic (QCD) approach and the conventional model of nucleon binding which leads to nuclear properties being related to the anomalous dimensions of QCD. This in turn may lead to a 'unified' approach to nuclear and quark-gluon physics. A discussion is given with respect to the EMC effect. (UK)

Analytic solutions of QCD motivated Hamiltonians at low energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yepez, T.; Amor, A.; Hess, P.O.; Szczepaniak, A.; Civitarese, O.

2011-01-01

A model Hamiltonian, motivated by QCD, is investigated in order to study only the quark sector, then only the gluon sector and finally both together. Restricting to the pure quark sector and setting the mass of the quarks to zero, we find analytic solutions, involving two to three orbitals. Allowing the mass of the quarks to be different to zero, we find semi-analytic solutions involving an arbitrary number of orbitals. Afterwards, we indicate on how to incorporate gluons. (author)

Phase transitions: the lattice QCD approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gavai, R.V.

1986-01-01

Recent results in the field of finite temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are presented with special emphasis on comparison of the different methods used to incorporate the dynamical fermions. Attempts to obtain a nonperturbative estimate of the velocity of sound in both the hadronic and quark-gluon phase are summarized along with the results. 15 refs., 7 figs

The soft-gluon current at one-loop order

CERN Document Server

Catani, S

2000-01-01

We study the soft limit of one-loop QCD amplitudes and we derive the process-independent factorization formula that controls the singular behaviour in this limit. This is obtained from the customary eikonal factorization formula valid at tree (classical) level by introducing a generalized soft-gluon current that embodies the quantum corrections. We compute the explicit expression of the soft-gluon current at one-loop order. It contains purely non-abelian correlations between the colour charges of each pair of hard-momentum partons in the matrix element. This leads to colour correlations between (two and) three hard partons in the matrix element squared. Exploiting colour conservation, we recover QED-like factorization for the square of the matrix elements with two and three hard partons.

Transport coefficients of Quark-Gluon plasma with full QCD potential

Science.gov (United States)

J. P., Prasanth; Bannur, Vishnu M.

2018-05-01

The shear viscosity η, bulk viscosity ζ and their ratio with the entropy density, η / s, ζ / s have been studied in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) within the cluster expansion method. The cluster expansion method allows us to include the interaction between the partons in the deconfined phase and to calculate the equation of state of quark-gluon plasma. It has been argued that the interactions present in the equation of state, the modified Cornell potential significantly contributes to the viscosity. The results obtained within our approaches agree with lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) equation of state. We obtained η / s ≈ 0 . 128 within the temperature range T /Tc ∈ [ 0 . 9 , 1 . 5 ] which is very close to the theoretical lower bound η / s ≥ 1 /(4 π) in Yang-Mills theory. We also demonstrate that the effects of ζ / s at freezeout are possibly large.

Generating QCD amplitudes in the color-flow basis with MadGraph

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagiwara, Kaoru; Takaesu, Yoshitaro

2011-01-01

We propose to make use of the off-shell recursive relations with the color-flow decomposition in the calculation of QCD amplitudes on MadGraph. We introduce colored quarks and their interactions with nine gluons in the color-flow basis plus an Abelian gluon on MadGraph, such that it generates helicity amplitudes in the color-flow basis with off-shell recursive formulae for multi-gluon sub-amplitudes. We demonstrate calculations of up to 5-jet processes such as gg→5g, u anti u→5g and uu→uuggg. Although our demonstration is limited, it paves the way to evaluate amplitudes with more quark lines and gluons with MadGraph. (orig.)

High energy asymptotics of multi-colour QCD and two-dimensional conformal field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipatov, L.N.; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron

1993-04-01

In the multi-colour limit of perturbative QCD the holomorphic factorization of wave functions of compound states of n reggeized gluons in the impact parameter space is shown. The conformally invariant Hamiltonian for each holomorphic factor has a nontrivial integral of motion. The odderon in QCD is the simplest example of the composite system with these properties. (orig.)

Gluon and charm content of the η' meson and instantons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shuryak, E.V.; Zhitnitsky, A.R.

1998-01-01

Motivated by recent CLEO measurements of the B→η ' 'K decay, we evaluate the gluon and charm content of the η ' ' meson using the interacting instanton liquid model of the QCD vacuum. Our main result is left-angle 0|g 3 f abc G μν a G να b G αμ c |η ' 'right-angle=-(2

Diffractive J/ψ photoproduction as a probe of the gluon density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryskin, M.G.; Roberts, R.G.; Martin, A.D.; Levin, E.M.

1995-11-01

We use perturbative QCD beyond the leading Ln Q 2 approximation, to show how measurements of diffractive J/ψ production at HERA can provide a sensitive probe of the gluon density of the proton at small values of Bjorken x. We estimate both the effect of the relativistic motion of the c and c within the J/ψ and of the rescattering of the cc quark pair on the proton. We find that the available data for diffractive J/ψ photoproduction can discriminate between the gluon distributions of the most recent sets of partons. (author). 18 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab

The Mellin transform technique for the extraction of the gluon density

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graudenz, D.

1995-06-01

A new method is presented to determine the gluon density in the proton from jet production in deeply inelastic scattering. By using the technique of Mellin transforms not only for the solution of the scale evolution equation of the parton densities but also for the evaluation of scattering cross sections, the gluon density can be extracted in next-to-leading order QCD. The method described in this paper is, however, more general, and can be used in situations where a repeated fast numerical evaluation of scattering cross sections for varying parton distribution functions is required. (orig.)

Nuclear chromodynamics: Novel nuclear phenomena predicted by QCD

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bakker, B.L.G.; Ji, C.R.

2014-01-01

With the acceptance of QCD as the fundamental theory of strong interactions, one of the basic problems in the analysis of nuclear phenomena became how to consistently account for the effects of the underlying quark/gluon structure of nucleons and nuclei. Besides providing more detailed understanding

Measurements of the structure of quark and gluon jets in hadronic Z decays

CERN Document Server

Barate, R; Décamp, D; Ghez, P; Goy, C; Lees, J P; Lucotte, A; Merle, E; Minard, M N; Nief, J Y; Pietrzyk, B; Alemany, R; Boix, G; Casado, M P; Chmeissani, M; Crespo, J M; Delfino, M C; Fernández, E; Fernández-Bosman, M; Garrido, L; Graugès-Pous, E; Juste, A; Martínez, M; Merino, G; Miquel, R; Mir, L M; Park, I C; Pascual, A; Perlas, J A; Riu, I; Sánchez, F; Colaleo, A; Creanza, D; De Palma, M; Gelao, G; Iaselli, Giuseppe; Maggi, G; Maggi, M; Nuzzo, S; Ranieri, A; Raso, G; Ruggieri, F; Selvaggi, G; Silvestris, L; Tempesta, P; Tricomi, A; Zito, G; Huang, X; Lin, J; Ouyang, Q; Wang, T; Xie, Y; Xu, R; Xue, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, W; Abbaneo, D; Becker, U; Bright-Thomas, P G; Casper, David William; Cattaneo, M; Ciulli, V; Dissertori, G; Drevermann, H; Forty, Roger W; Frank, M; Hagelberg, R; Hansen, J B; Harvey, J; Janot, P; Jost, B; Lehraus, Ivan; Mato, P; Minten, Adolf G; Moneta, L; Pacheco, A; Pusztaszeri, J F; Ranjard, F; Rolandi, Luigi; Rousseau, D; Schlatter, W D; Schmitt, M; Schneider, O; Tejessy, W; Teubert, F; Tomalin, I R; Wachsmuth, H W; Wagner, A; Ajaltouni, Ziad J; Badaud, F; Chazelle, G; Deschamps, O; Falvard, A; Ferdi, C; Gay, P; Guicheney, C; Henrard, P; Jousset, J; Michel, B; Monteil, S; Montret, J C; Pallin, D; Perret, P; Podlyski, F; Proriol, J; Rosnet, P; Hansen, J D; Hansen, J R; Hansen, P H; Nilsson, B S; Rensch, B; Wäänänen, A; Daskalakis, G; Kyriakis, A; Markou, C; Simopoulou, Errietta; Siotis, I; Vayaki, Anna; Blondel, A; Bonneaud, G R; Brient, J C; Bourdon, P; Rougé, A; Rumpf, M; Valassi, Andrea; Verderi, M; Videau, H L; Focardi, E; Parrini, G; Zachariadou, K; Corden, M; Georgiopoulos, C H; Jaffe, D E; Antonelli, A; Bencivenni, G; Bologna, G; Bossi, F; Campana, P; Capon, G; Cerutti, F; Chiarella, V; Felici, G; Laurelli, P; Mannocchi, G; Murtas, F; Murtas, G P; Passalacqua, L; Pepé-Altarelli, M; Curtis, L; Halley, A W; Lynch, J G; Negus, P; O'Shea, V; Raine, C; Scarr, J M; Smith, K; Teixeira-Dias, P; Thompson, A S; Thomson, E; Buchmüller, O L; Dhamotharan, S; Geweniger, C; Graefe, G; Hanke, P; Hansper, G; Hepp, V; Kluge, E E; Putzer, A; Sommer, J; Tittel, K; Werner, S; Wunsch, M; Beuselinck, R; Binnie, David M; Cameron, W; Dornan, Peter J; Girone, M; Goodsir, S M; Martin, E B; Marinelli, N; Moutoussi, A; Nash, J; Sedgbeer, J K; Spagnolo, P; Williams, M D; Ghete, V M; Girtler, P; Kneringer, E; Kuhn, D; Rudolph, G; Betteridge, A P; Bowdery, C K; Buck, P G; Colrain, P; Crawford, G; Finch, A J; Foster, F; Hughes, G; Jones, R W L; Williams, M I; Giehl, I; Greene, A M; Hoffmann, C; Jakobs, K; Kleinknecht, K; Quast, G; Renk, B; Rohne, E; Sander, H G; Van Gemmeren, P; Zeitnitz, C; Aubert, Jean-Jacques; Benchouk, C; Bonissent, A; Bujosa, G; Carr, J; Coyle, P; Etienne, F; Leroy, O; Motsch, F; Payre, P; Talby, M; Sadouki, A; Thulasidas, M; Trabelsi, K; Aleppo, M; Antonelli, M; Ragusa, F; Berlich, R; Blum, Walter; Büscher, V; Dietl, H; Ganis, G; Kroha, H; Lütjens, G; Mannert, C; Männer, W; Moser, H G; Schael, S; Settles, Ronald; Seywerd, H C J; Stenzel, H; Wiedenmann, W; Wolf, G; Boucrot, J; Callot, O; Chen, S; Cordier, A; Davier, M; Duflot, L; Grivaz, J F; Heusse, P; Höcker, A; Jacholkowska, A; Kim, D W; Le Diberder, F R; Lefrançois, J; Lutz, A M; Schune, M H; Tournefier, E; Veillet, J J; Videau, I; Zerwas, D; Azzurri, P; Bagliesi, G; Batignani, G; Bettarini, S; Boccali, T; Bozzi, C; Calderini, G; Carpinelli, M; Ciocci, M A; Dell'Orso, R; Fantechi, R; Ferrante, I; Foà, L; Forti, F; Giassi, A; Giorgi, M A; Gregorio, A; Ligabue, F; Lusiani, A; Marrocchesi, P S; Messineo, A; Palla, Fabrizio; Rizzo, G; Sanguinetti, G; Sciabà, A; Tenchini, Roberto; Tonelli, G; Vannini, C; Venturi, A; Verdini, P G; Blair, G A; Bryant, L M; Chambers, J T; Green, M G; Medcalf, T; Perrodo, P; Strong, J A; Von Wimmersperg-Töller, J H; Botterill, David R; Clifft, R W; Edgecock, T R; Haywood, S; Norton, P R; Thompson, J C; Wright, A E; Bloch-Devaux, B; Colas, P; Emery, S; Kozanecki, Witold; Lançon, E; Lemaire, M C; Locci, E; Pérez, P; Rander, J; Renardy, J F; Roussarie, A; Schuller, J P; Schwindling, J; Trabelsi, A; Vallage, B; Black, S N; Dann, J H; Johnson, R P; Kim, H Y; Konstantinidis, N P; Litke, A M; McNeil, M A; Taylor, G; Booth, C N; Brew, C A J; Cartwright, S L; Combley, F; Kelly, M S; Lehto, M H; Reeve, J; Thompson, L F; Affholderbach, K; Böhrer, A; Brandt, S; Cowan, G D; Grupen, Claus; Saraiva, P; Smolik, L; Stephan, F; Apollonio, M; Bosisio, L; Della Marina, R; Giannini, G; Gobbo, B; Musolino, G; Rothberg, J E; Wasserbaech, S R; Armstrong, S R; Charles, E; Elmer, P; Ferguson, D P S; Gao, Y; González, S; Greening, T C; Hayes, O J; Hu, H; Jin, S; McNamara, P A; Nachtman, J M; Nielsen, J; Orejudos, W; Pan, Y B; Saadi, Y; Scott, I J; Walsh, J; Wu Sau Lan; Wu, X; Zobernig, G

2000-01-01

An experimental investigation of the structure of identified quark and gluon jets is presented. Observables related to both the global and internal structure of jets are measured; this allows for tests of QCD over a wide range of transverse momentum scales. The observables include distributions of jet-shape variables, the mean and standard deviation of the subjet multiplicity distribution and the fragmentation function for charged particles. The data are compared with predictions of perturbative QCD as well as QCD-based Monte Carlo models. In certain kinematic regions the measurements are sensitive mainly to perturbatively calculable effects, allowing for a test of QCD. The comparisons are also extended into regions where nonperturbative effects become large, and in this way the transition from hard to soft QCD is investigated. It is found that by including leading and next-to-leading logarithmic contributions in the QCD predictions, the agreement with the data can be extended to lower transverse momentum sca...

Supersymmetric Regularization Two-Loop QCD Amplitudes and Coupling Shifts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dixon, Lance

2002-03-08

We present a definition of the four-dimensional helicity (FDH) regularization scheme valid for two or more loops. This scheme was previously defined and utilized at one loop. It amounts to a variation on the standard 't Hooft-Veltman scheme and is designed to be compatible with the use of helicity states for ''observed'' particles. It is similar to dimensional reduction in that it maintains an equal number of bosonic and fermionic states, as required for preserving supersymmetry. Supersymmetry Ward identities relate different helicity amplitudes in supersymmetric theories. As a check that the FDH scheme preserves supersymmetry, at least through two loops, we explicitly verify a number of these identities for gluon-gluon scattering (gg {yields} gg) in supersymmetric QCD. These results also cross-check recent non-trivial two-loop calculations in ordinary QCD. Finally, we compute the two-loop shift between the FDH coupling and the standard {bar M}{bar S} coupling, {alpha}{sub s}. The FDH shift is identical to the one for dimensional reduction. The two-loop coupling shifts are then used to obtain the three-loop QCD {beta} function in the FDH and dimensional reduction schemes.

Supersymmetric Regularization Two-Loop QCD Amplitudes and Coupling Shifts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixon, Lance

2002-01-01

We present a definition of the four-dimensional helicity (FDH) regularization scheme valid for two or more loops. This scheme was previously defined and utilized at one loop. It amounts to a variation on the standard 't Hooft-Veltman scheme and is designed to be compatible with the use of helicity states for ''observed'' particles. It is similar to dimensional reduction in that it maintains an equal number of bosonic and fermionic states, as required for preserving supersymmetry. Supersymmetry Ward identities relate different helicity amplitudes in supersymmetric theories. As a check that the FDH scheme preserves supersymmetry, at least through two loops, we explicitly verify a number of these identities for gluon-gluon scattering (gg → gg) in supersymmetric QCD. These results also cross-check recent non-trivial two-loop calculations in ordinary QCD. Finally, we compute the two-loop shift between the FDH coupling and the standard MS coupling, α s . The FDH shift is identical to the one for dimensional reduction. The two-loop coupling shifts are then used to obtain the three-loop QCD β function in the FDH and dimensional reduction schemes

Jet evolution in hot and cold QCD matter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Domdey, Svend Oliver

2010-07-23

In this thesis, we study the evolution of energetic partons in hot and cold QCD matter. In both cases, interactions with the medium lead to energy loss of the parton and its transverse momentum broadens. The propagation of partons in cold nuclear matter can be investigated experimentally in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) on nuclei. We use the dipole model to calculate transverse momentum broadening in DIS on nuclei and compare to experimental data from HERMES. In hot matter, the evolution of the parton shower is strongly modified. To calculate this modification, we construct an additional scattering term in the QCD evolution equations which accounts for scattering of partons in the quark-gluon plasma. With this scattering term, we compute the modified gluon distribution in the shower at small momentum fractions. Furthermore, we calculate the modified fragmentation function of gluons into pions. The scattering term causes energy loss of the parton shower which leads to a suppression of hadrons with large transverse momentum. In the third part of this thesis, we study double dijet production in hadron collisions. This process contains information about the transverse parton distribution of hadrons. As main result, we find that double dijet production will allow for a study of the transverse growth of hadronic wave functions at the LHC. (orig.)

Hello diquark, goodbye gluon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fredriksson, S.

1984-01-01

The Stockholm diquark is a very small (0.1-0.2 fm), bound pair of two unequal quarks in spin 0 and colour 3*. If it exists, it is expected to simulate many of the trends presently attributed to perturbative gluon processes. The Stockholm group (S. Ekelin, M. Jaendel, T.I. Larson and myself) is therefore looking for reactions where the non-perturbative QCD phenomenon of diquark formation would give signatures completely different from those of perturbative gluonic contributions. I report here on some new suggestions for diquark effects in deep inelastic scattering, with emphasis on neutron-proton differences, proton production in the current fragmentation region and nuclear target (''EMC'') effects

Tales of 1001 gluons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weinzierl, Stefan, E-mail: weinzierl@uni-mainz.de

2017-03-13

This report is centred around tree-level scattering amplitudes in pure Yang–Mills theories, the most prominent example is given by the tree-level gluon amplitudes of QCD. I will discuss several ways of computing these amplitudes, illustrating in this way recent developments in perturbative quantum field theory. Topics covered in this review include colour decomposition, spinor and twistor methods, off- and on-shell recursion, MHV amplitudes and MHV expansion, the Grassmannian and the amplituhedron, the scattering equations and the CHY representation. At the end of this report there will be an outlook on the relation between pure Yang–Mills amplitudes and scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum gravity.

Sound speed during the QCD phase transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagasawa, Michiyasu; Yokoyama, Jun'ichi

1998-01-01

The Jeans scale is estimated during the coexistence epoch of quark-gluon and hadron phases in the first-order QCD phase transition. It is shown that, contrary to previous claims, reduction of the sound speed is so little that the phase transition does not affect evolution of cosmological density fluctuations appreciably. (author)

The high energy behavior of QCD. The effective action and the triple-Pomeron-vertex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hentschinski, Martin

2009-07-15

We study integrations over light-cone momenta in the high energy effective action of QCD. After a brief review of the effective action, we arrive on a regularization mechanism from matching of effective action diagrams with QCD diagrams, which we apply to a re-derivation of the reggeized gluon and of the BFKL-equation. We study consequences of the proposed regularization on the analytic structure of 2{yields}3 and 2{yields}4 production amplitudes in the Multi-Regge-Kinematics. We derive a certain part of the 1-loop corrections to the production vertex and demonstrate that they yield the on-set of corrections demanded by the Steinmann-relations. The Reggeon-Particle-2-Reggeon vertex is determined and applied to the construction of various signature configurations of the production amplitudes. We extend the proposed regularization method to states of three and four reggeized gluons and propose a supplement to the effective Lagrangian. We derive vertices for the 1-3 and 2-4 reggeized-gluon-transition inside the elastic amplitude and verify that signature conservation is obeyed. Integral equations for the state of three and four reggeized gluons are formulated and shown to be in accordance with a result by Bartels and Wuesthoff. In a second part we investigate the high-energy behavior of QCD for different surface topologies of color graphs. After a brief review of the planar limit (bootstrap and gluon reggeization) and of the cylinder topology (BFKL) we investigate the 3{yields}3 scattering in the triple Regge limit which belongs to the pair-of-pants topology. We re-derive the triple Pomeron vertex function and show that it belongs to a specific set of graphs in color space which we identify as the analog of the Mandelstam diagram. We then extend the study to the high-energy behavior of N=4 SYM where we find a new class of color graphs not present in QCD. (orig.)

The high energy behavior of QCD. The effective action and the triple-Pomeron-vertex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hentschinski, Martin

2009-07-01

We study integrations over light-cone momenta in the high energy effective action of QCD. After a brief review of the effective action, we arrive on a regularization mechanism from matching of effective action diagrams with QCD diagrams, which we apply to a re-derivation of the reggeized gluon and of the BFKL-equation. We study consequences of the proposed regularization on the analytic structure of 2→3 and 2→4 production amplitudes in the Multi-Regge-Kinematics. We derive a certain part of the 1-loop corrections to the production vertex and demonstrate that they yield the on-set of corrections demanded by the Steinmann-relations. The Reggeon-Particle-2-Reggeon vertex is determined and applied to the construction of various signature configurations of the production amplitudes. We extend the proposed regularization method to states of three and four reggeized gluons and propose a supplement to the effective Lagrangian. We derive vertices for the 1-3 and 2-4 reggeized-gluon-transition inside the elastic amplitude and verify that signature conservation is obeyed. Integral equations for the state of three and four reggeized gluons are formulated and shown to be in accordance with a result by Bartels and Wuesthoff. In a second part we investigate the high-energy behavior of QCD for different surface topologies of color graphs. After a brief review of the planar limit (bootstrap and gluon reggeization) and of the cylinder topology (BFKL) we investigate the 3→3 scattering in the triple Regge limit which belongs to the pair-of-pants topology. We re-derive the triple Pomeron vertex function and show that it belongs to a specific set of graphs in color space which we identify as the analog of the Mandelstam diagram. We then extend the study to the high-energy behavior of N=4 SYM where we find a new class of color graphs not present in QCD. (orig.)

QCD in e+e- annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, A.

1981-04-01

The promise of e + e - annihilation as an ideal laboratory to test Quantum Chromodynamics, QCD, has been the dominating theme in elementary particle physics during the last several years. An attempt is made to partially survey the subject in deep perturbative region in e + e - annihilation where theoretical ambiguities are minimal. Topics discussed include a review of the renormalization group methods relevant for e + e - annihilation, total hadronic cross section, jets and large-psub(T) phenomena, non-perturbative quark and gluon fragmentation effects and analysis of the jet distributions measured at DORIS, SPEAR and PETRA. My hope is to review realistic tests of QCD in e + e - annihilation - as opposed to the ultimate tests, which abound in literature. (orig.)

QCD predictions for the azimuthal asymmetry in charm leptoproduction for the COMPASS kinematics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.V. Efremov

2017-09-01

Full Text Available We present the QCD predictions for the azimuthal cos⁡2φ asymmetry in charm leptoproduction for the kinematics of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The asymmetry is predicted to be large, about 15%. The radiative corrections to the QCD predictions for the cos⁡2φ distribution are estimated to be small, less than 10%. Our calculations show that the azimuthal asymmetry in charm production is well defined in pQCD: it is stable both perturbatively and parametrically, and practically insensitive to theoretical uncertainties in the input parameters. We analyze the nonperturbative contributions to the cos⁡2φ distribution due to the gluon transverse motion in the target and the c-quark fragmentation. Because of the c-quark low mass, the nonperturbative contributions are expected to be sizable, about (30–40%. We conclude that extraction of the azimuthal asymmetries from available COMPASS data will provide valuable information about the transverse momentum dependent distribution of the gluon in the proton and the c-quark hadronization mechanism. Finally, we discuss the cos⁡2φ asymmetry as a probe of the gluonic analogue of the Boer–Mulders function, h1⊥g, describing the linear polarization of gluons inside unpolarized proton.

Leading and Next-to-Leading Order Gluon Polarization in the Nucleon and Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetries from Open Charm Muoproduction

CERN Document Server

Adolph, C; Alexakhin, V Yu; Alexandrov, Yu; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Antonov, A A; Austregesilo, A; Badelek, B; Balestra, F; Barth, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Berlin, A; Bernhard, J; Bertini, R; Bettinelli, M; Bicker, K; Bieling, J; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, F; Braun, C; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Buchele, M; Burtin, E; Capozza, L; Chiosso, M; Chung, S U; Cicuttin, A; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Das, S; Dasgupta, S S; Dasgupta, S; Denisov, O Yu; Dhara, L; Donskov, S V; Doshita, N; Duic, V; Dunnweber, W; Dziewiecki, M; Efremov, A; Elia, C; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Faessler, M; Ferrero, A; Filin, A; Finger, M; Finger, M Jr; Fischer, H; Franco, C; du Fresne von Hohenesche, N; Friedrich, J M; Frolov, V; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gnesi, I; Gobbo, B; Goertz, S; Grabmuller, S; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Gushterski, R; Guskov, A; Guthorl, T; Haas, F; von Harrach, D; Heinsius, F H; Herrmann, F; Hess, C; Hinterberger, F; Horikawa, N; Hoppner, Ch; d'Hose, N; Huber, S; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Jary, V; Jasinski, P; Joosten, R; Kabuss, E; Kang, D; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu A; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Kondo, K; Konigsmann, K; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Kouznetsov, O; Kramer, M; Kroumchtein, Z V; Kunne, F; Kurek, K; Lauser, L; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Levorato, S; Lichtenstadt, J; Liska, T; Maggiora, A; Magnon, A; Makke, N; Mallot, G K; Mann, A; Marchand, C; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Matsuda, T; Meshcheryakov, G; Meyer, W; Michigami, T; Mikhailov, Yu V; Morreale, A; Mutter, A; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D; Nikolaenko, V I; Nowak, W D; Nunes, A S; Olshevsky, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Panknin, R; Panzieri, D; Parsamyan, B; Paul, S; Perevalova, E; Pesaro, G; Peshekhonov, D V; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polak, J; Polyakov, V A; Pretz, J; Quaresma, M; Quintans, C; Rajotte, J F; Ramos, S; Rapatsky, V; Reicherz, G; Rocco, E; Rondio, E; Rossiyskaya, N S; Ryabchikov, D I; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Sapozhnikov, M G; Sarkar, S; Savin, I A; Sbrizzai, G; Schiavon, P; Schill, C; Schluter, T; Schmidt, A; Schmidt, K; Schmitt, L; Schmiden, H; Schonning, K; Schopferer, S; Schott, M; Shevchenko, O Yu; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Steiger, L; Stolarski, M; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Suzuki, H; Sznajder, P; Takekawa, S; Ter Wolbeek, J; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Tkatchev, L G; Uhl, S; Uman, I; Vandenbroucke, M; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Wang, L; Weisrock, T; Wilfert, M; Windmolders, R; Wislicki, W; Wollny, H; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Ziembicki, M; Zhuravlev, N; Zvyagin, A

2013-01-01

The gluon polarisation in the nucleon was measured using open charm production by scattering 160 GeV/c polarised muons off longitudinally polarised protons or deuterons. The data were taken by the COMPASS collaboration between 2002 and 2007. A detailed account is given of the analysis method that includes the application of neural networks. Several decay channels of $D^0$ mesons are investigated. Longitudinal spin asymmetries of the D meson production cross-sections are extracted in bins of $D^0$ transverse momentum and energy. At leading order QCD accuracy the average gluon polarisation is determined as $(\\Delta g/g)^{LO}=-0.06 \\pm 0.21 (stat.) \\pm 0.08 (syst.)$ at the scale $ \\approx 13$ (GeV/c)$^2$ and an average gluon momentum fraction $\\approx$ 0.11. The average gluon polarisation is also obtained at next-to-leading order QCD accuracy as $(\\Delta g/g) NLO = -0.13 \\pm 0.15 (stat.) \\pm 0.15 (syst.)$ at the scale $ \\approx $ 13 (GeV/c)$^2$ and $ \\approx $ 0.20.

QCD evolution of (un)polarized gluon TMDPDFs and the Higgs q T -distribution

Science.gov (United States)

Echevarria, Miguel G.; Kasemets, Tomas; Mulders, Piet J.; Pisano, Cristian

2015-07-01

We provide the proper definition of all the leading-twist (un)polarized gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), by considering the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution in hadron-hadron collisions and deriving the factorization theorem in terms of them. We show that the evolution of all the (un)polarized gluon TMDPDFs is driven by a universal evolution kernel, which can be resummed up to next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy. Considering the proper definition of gluon TMDPDFs, we perform an explicit next-to-leading-order calculation of the unpolarized ( f {1/ g }), linearly polarized ( h {1/⊥ g }) and helicity ( g {1/L g }) gluon TMDPDFs, and show that, as expected, they are free from rapidity divergences. As a byproduct, we obtain the Wilson coefficients of the refactorization of these TMDPDFs at large transverse momentum. In particular, the coefficient of g {1/L g }, which has never been calculated before, constitutes a new and necessary ingredient for a reliable phenomenological extraction of this quantity, for instance at RHIC or the future AFTER@LHC or Electron-Ion Collider. The coefficients of f {1/ g } and h {1/⊥ g } have never been calculated in the present formalism, although they could be obtained by carefully collecting and recasting previous results in the new TMD formalism. We apply these results to analyze the contribution of linearly polarized gluons at different scales, relevant, for instance, for the inclusive production of the Higgs boson and the C-even pseudoscalar bottomonium state η b . Applying our resummation scheme we finally provide predictions for the Higgs boson q T -distribution at the LHC.

Inclusive observables and hard gluon emission in neutrino deep inelastic scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouchiat, C.; Meyer, P.; Mezard, M.

1980-01-01

We derive the predictions of perturbative QCD together with non-perturbative corrections for a set of inclusive observables connected with the angular distribution of light-cone energy in deep inelastic neutrino scattering. Our particular choice of observables has been made in order to meet important physical requirements besides the necessary condition of infrared regularity. Our inclusive observables receive their dominant contribution from the quark fragmentation region. The non-perturbative contribution is calculable in a rather model-independent way and stays at an acceptable level in realistic experimental conditions. The QCD perturbative contribution, which takes the simple form of a convolution product, exhibits a strongly decreasing behaviour as a function of the Bjorken scaling variable x, superimposed on a constant background associated with the non-perturbative terms, allowing a rather clean separation of the two effects. The perturbative term being dominated by the process of hard-gluon emission, an experimental investigation of the observables discussed here may be a good way to detect the effect of gluon emission in deep inelastic neutrino scattering. (orig.)

Cold quark-gluon plasma. Theoretical and experimental perspectives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mandzhavidze, I [Institute of Physics, Tbilisi (Georgia); Sisakyan, A N [Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation)

1998-12-01

The arguments that extremely high-multiplicity hadron interactions at high energies are the source of cold, dense quark-gluon plasma (CQGP) created by the QCD heavy jets are offered. The possibility of calorimetric triggering and measurements of CQGP is considered. The space-time local thermodynamical formalism is adopted for field-theoretical description of such measurements. The valid phenomena in the CQGP are discussed (qualitatively) from theoretical and experimental points of view 62 refs.

Quest for the QCD phase diagram in extreme environments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukushima, Kenji, E-mail: fuku@rk.phys.keio.ac.jp [Keio University, Department of Physics (Japan)

2013-03-15

We review the state-of-the-art status of the research on the phase diagram of QCD matter out of quarks and gluons. Our discussions particularly include the extreme environments such as the high temperature, the high baryon density, and the strong magnetic field.

Gluon fragmentation into 3 PJ quarkonium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, J.P.

1995-01-01

The functions of the gluon fragmentation into 3 P j quarkonium are calculated to order α 2 s . With the recent progress in analysing quarkonium systems in QCD it is possible show how the so called divergence in the limit of the zero-binding energy, which is related to P-wave quarkonia, is treated correctly in the case of fragmentation functions. The obtained fragmentation functions satisfy explicitly at the order of α 2 s the Altarelli-Parisi equation and when z → 0 they behave as z -1 as expected. 19 refs., 7 figs

The gauge-independent QCD effective charge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watson, N.J.

1999-01-01

It is shown how the QCD concept of a gauge-, scale-and scheme-independent one-loop effective charge can be extended directly at the diagrammatic level to QCD, thus justifying explicitly the 'naive non-abelialization' prescription used in renormalon calculus. It is first argued that, for one-shell external fields and at the strictly one-loop level, the required gluon self-energy-like function is precisely that obtained from S-matrix elements via the pinch technique. The generalization of the pinch technique to explicitly off-shell processes is then introduced. It is shown how, as a result of a fundamental cancellation among conventional perturbation theory diagrams encoded in the QCD Ward identities, the pinch technique one-loop gluon self-energy iΠ μν ab (q) remains gauge-independent and universal regardless of the fact that the 'external' fields in the given process are off-shell. This demonstration involves a simple technique enabling the isolation in a arbitrary gauge, of iΠ μν ab (q) from subclasses of up to several hundreds diagrams at once. Furthermore, it is shown how this one-loop cancellation mechanism iterates for the subclasses of n-loop diagrams containing implicitly the Dyson chains of n-loop self energies iΠ μν ab (q). The gauge cancellation required for the Dyson summation of iΠ μν ab (q) is thus demonstrated explicitly in the class of ghost-free gauges for all orders n. (authors)

Holographic models and the QCD trace anomaly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goity, Jose L.; Trinchero, Roberto C.

2012-01-01

Five dimensional dilaton models are considered as possible holographic duals of the pure gauge QCD vacuum. In the framework of these models, the QCD trace anomaly equation is considered. Each quantity appearing in that equation is computed by holographic means. Two exact solutions for different dilaton potentials corresponding to perturbative and non-perturbative β-functions are studied. It is shown that in the perturbative case, where the β-function is the QCD one at leading order, the resulting space is not asymptotically AdS. In the non-perturbative case, the model considered presents confinement of static quarks and leads to a non-vanishing gluon condensate, although it does not correspond to an asymptotically free theory. In both cases analyses based on the trace anomaly and on Wilson loops are carried out.

QCD dipole predictions for DIS and diffractive structure functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Royon, C.

1997-01-01

The proton structure function F 2 , the gluon density F G , and the longitudinal structure function F L are derived in the QCD dipole picture of BFKL dynamics. We use a three parameter fit to describe the 1994 H1 proton structure function F 2 data in the low x, moderate Q 2 range. Without any additional parameter, the gluon density and the longitudinal structure functions are predicted. The diffractive dissociation processes are also discussed within the same framework, and a new prediction for the proton diffractive structure function is obtained

Development of QCD jets emitted by color-singlet sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ellis, R.K.; Gunion, J.F.; Kalinowski, J.; Webber, B.R.

1985-01-01

We compare the angular-ordering approximation to QCD jet development with full calculations to order αsub(s) in the following cases: emission of quark jets by a color-singlet vector source (as in e + e - annihilation) and emission of gluon jets by a color-singlet scalar (Fsup(a)sub(μν)Fsup(aμν)) source. In contrast to the case of a color-octet (gluon) source, we find that the approximation is good in those regions of phase space where the next-to-leading corrections to the amplitude are large. (orig.)

Higgs Boson Pair Production in Gluon Fusion at Next-to-Leading Order with Full Top-Quark Mass Dependence.

Science.gov (United States)

Borowka, S; Greiner, N; Heinrich, G; Jones, S P; Kerner, M; Schlenk, J; Schubert, U; Zirke, T

2016-07-01

We present the calculation of the cross section and invariant mass distribution for Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD. Top-quark masses are fully taken into account throughout the calculation. The virtual two-loop amplitude has been generated using an extension of the program GoSam supplemented with an interface to Reduze for the integral reduction. The occurring integrals have been calculated numerically using the program SecDec. Our results, including the full top-quark mass dependence for the first time, allow us to assess the validity of various approximations proposed in the literature, which we also recalculate. We find substantial deviations between the NLO result and the different approximations, which emphasizes the importance of including the full top-quark mass dependence at NLO.

Numerical Study of the Ghost-Ghost-Gluon Vertex on the Lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihara, A.; Cucchieri, A.; Mendes, T.

2004-01-01

It is well known that, in Landau gauge, the renormalization function of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex Z-tilde1 (p2) is finite and constant, at least to all orders of perturbation theory. On the other hand, a direct non-perturbative verification of this result using numerical simulations of lattice QCD is still missing. Here we present a preliminary numerical study of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex and of its corresponding renormalization function using Monte Carlo simulations in SU(2) lattice Landau gauge. Data were obtained in 4 dimensions for lattice couplings β = 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and lattice sides N = 4, 8, 16

Numerical study of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex on the lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihara, A.; Cucchieri, A.; Mendes, T.

2004-01-01

It is well known that, in Landau gauge, the renormalization function of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex Z∼ 1 1(p 2 ) is finite and constant, at least to all orders of perturbation theory. On the other hand, a direct non-perturbative verification of this result using numerical simulations of lattice QCD is still missing. Here we present a preliminary numerical study of the ghost-ghost-gluon vertex and of its corresponding renormalization function using Monte Carlo simulations in SU(2) lattice Landau gauge. Data were obtained in 4 dimensions for lattice couplings β= 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and lattice sides N = 4, 8, 16. (author)

Exploratory study of the three-gluon vertex on the lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parrinello, C. (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH93JZ (United Kingdom))

1994-10-01

We define and evaluate on the lattice the amputated three-gluon vertex function in momentum space. We give numerical results for 16[sup 3][times]40 and 24[sup 3][times]40 quenched lattices at [beta]=6.0. A good numerical signal is obtained at the price of enforcing the gauge-fixing condition with high accuracy. By comparing results from two different lattice volumes, we try to investigate the crucial issue of finite volume effects. We also outline a method for the lattice evaluation of the QCD running coupling as defined from the three-gluon vertex, while being aware that a realistic calculation will require larger [beta] values and very high statistics.

Gluon Polarisation in the Nucleon and Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetries from Open Charm Muoproduction

CERN Document Server

Alekseev, M; Alexandrov, Yu; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Austregisilio, A; Badelek, B; Balestra, F; Ball, J; Barth, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Bernhard, J; Bertini, R; Bettinelli, M; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, F; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Brona, G; Burtin, E; Bussa, M P; Chapiro, A; Chiosso, M; Chung, S U; Cicuttin, A; Colantoni, M; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Dafni, T; Das, S; Dasgupta, S S; Denisov, O.Yu; Dhara, L; Diaz, V; Dinkelbach, A M; Donskov, S V; Doshita, N; Duic, V; Dunnweber, W; Efremov, A; El Alaoui, A; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Faessler, M; Ferrero, A; Finger, M; Finger, M., jr; Fischer, H; Franco, C; Friedrich, J M; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gazda, R; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gobbo, B; Goertz, S; Grabmuller, S; Grajek, O A; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Gushterski, R; Guskov, A; Haas, F; Hagemann, R; von Harrach, D; Hasegawa, T; Heckmann, J; Heinsius, F H; Hermann, R; Herrmann, F; Hess, C; Hinterberger, F; von Hodenberg, M; Horikawa, N; Hoppner, Ch; d'Hose, N; Ilgner, C; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Jasinski, P; Jegou, G; Joosten, R; Kabuss, E; Kafer, W; Kang, D; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu.A; Kiefer, J; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Komissarov, E V; Kondo, K; Konigsmann, Kay; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Kouznetsov, O; Kowalik, K; Kramer, M; Kral, A; Kroumchtein, Z V; Kuhn, R; Kunne, F; Kurek, K; Le Goff, J M; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Levorato, S; Lichtenstadt, J; Liska, T; Maggiora, A; Maggiora, M; Magnon, A; Mallot, G K; Mann, A; Marchand, C; Marroncle, J; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Massmann, F; Matsuda, T; Maximov, A N; Meyer, W; Michigami, T; Mikhailov, Yu.V; Moinester, M A; Mutter, A; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nassalski, J; Negrini, S; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D; Nikolaenko, V I; Olshevsky, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Panknin, R; Panebianco, S; Panzieri, D; Parsamyan, B; Paul, S; Pawlukiewicz-Kaminska, B; Perevalova, E; Pesaro, G; Peshekhonov, D V; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polak, J; Polyakov, V A; Pontecorvo, G; Pretz, J; Quintans, C; Rajotte, J.-F; Ramos, S; Rapatsky, V; Reicherz, G; Reggiani, D; Richter, A; Robinet, F; Rocco, E; Rondio, E; Ryabchikov, D I; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Santos, H; Sapozhnikov, M G; Sarkar, S; Savin, Igor A; Sbrizza, G; Schiavon, P; Schill, C; Schmitt, L; Schroder, W; Shevchenko, O.Yu; Siebert, H.-W; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Stolarski, M; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Takekawa, S; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Teufel, A; Tkatchev, L G; Venugopal, G; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Vossen, A; Weitzel, Q; Wenzl, K; Windmolders, R; Wislicki, W; Wollny, H; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Ziembicki, M; Zhao, J; Zhuravlev, N; Zvyagin, A

2009-01-01

The gluon polarisation in the nucleon has been determined by detecting charm production via D0 meson decay to charged K and pi in polarised muon scattering off a longitudinally polarised deuteron target. The data were taken by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN between 2002 and 2006 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.8 fb^-1. The dominant underlying process of charm production is the photon-gluon fusion to a cc-bar pair. A leading order QCD approach gives an average gluon polarisation of (Delta g/g)_x= -0.49 +- 0.27(stat) +- 0.11(syst) at a scale mu^2 ~ 13 (GeV/c)^2 and at an average gluon momentum fraction (x) ~ 0.11. The longitudinal cross-section asymmetry for D0 production is presented in bins of the transverse momentum and the energy of the D0 meson.

Novel QCD Phenomena

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; SLAC

2007-01-01

I discuss a number of novel topics in QCD, including the use of the AdS/CFT correspondence between Anti-de Sitter space and conformal gauge theories to obtain an analytically tractable approximation to QCD in the regime where the QCD coupling is large and constant. In particular, there is an exact correspondence between the fifth-dimension coordinate z of AdS space and a specific impact variable ζ which measures the separation of the quark constituents within the hadron in ordinary space-time. This connection allows one to compute the analytic form of the frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of mesons and baryons, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties and allow the computation of exclusive scattering amplitudes. I also discuss a number of novel phenomenological features of QCD. Initial- and final-state interactions from gluon-exchange, normally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions, leading to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, the breakdown of the Lam Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions, and nuclear shadowing and non-universal antishadowing--leading-twist physics not incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. I also discuss tests of hidden color in nuclear wavefunctions, the use of diffraction to materialize the Fock states of a hadronic projectile and test QCD color transparency, and anomalous heavy quark effects. The presence of direct higher-twist processes where a proton is produced in the hard subprocess can explain the large proton-to-pion ratio seen in high centrality heavy ion collisions

Perturbative corrections to sigma sub(tot) (e+e- -> hadrons) in supersymmetric QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kataev, A.L.; Pivovarov, A.A.

1983-11-01

sigmasub(tot) (e + e - -> γsup(*) -> hadrons) have been calculated in QCD at two-loop level. Three-loop corrections due to gluon pair production are quoted accompanied by quark-antiquark two-jet events. (orig.)

Path-integral bosonization of two-dimensional massive Q.C.D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rego Monteiro, M.A. do.

1984-01-01

The fermionic determinant for two-dimensional QCD with massive fermions by means of Seeley's technique is evaluated. Apart from a gluon-mass term this determinant contains a Wess-Zumino anomaly term and a non-abelian extension of the Sine-Gordon. (Author) [pt

QCD corrections to decay-lepton polar and azimuthal angular distributions in e+e- → tt-bar in the soft-gluon approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rindani, S.D.

2002-01-01

QCD corrections to order α s in the soft-gluon approximation to angular distributions of decay charged leptons in the process e + e - → t t-bar, followed by semileptonic decay of t or t-bar, are obtained in the e + e - centre-of-mass frame. As compared to distributions in the top rest frame, these have the advantage that they would allow direct comparison with experiment without the need to reconstruct the top rest frame. The results also do not depend on the choice of a spin quantization axis for t or t-bar. Analytic expression for the triple distribution in the polar angle of t and polar and azimuthal angles of the lepton is obtained. Analytic expression is also derived for the distribution in the charged-lepton polar angle. Numerical values are discussed for √s = 400, 800 and 1500 GeV. (author)

Non-perturbative phenomena in QCD vacuum, hadrons, and quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shuryak, E.V.

1983-01-01

These lectures provide a brief review of recent progress in non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). They are intended for non specialists, mainly experimentalists. The main object of discussion, the QCD vacuum, is a rather complicated medium. It may be studied either by infinitesimal probes producing microscopic excitations (=hadrons), or by finite excitations (say, heating some volume to a given temperature T). In the latter case, some qualitative changes (phase transitions) should take place. A summary is given of the extent to which such phenomena can be observed in the laboratory by proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. (orig.)

QCD Green's Functions and Phases of Strongly-Interacting Matter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schaefer B.J.

2011-04-01

Full Text Available After presenting a brief summary of functional approaches to QCD at vanishing temperatures and densities the application of QCD Green's functions at non-vanishing temperature and vanishing density is discussed. It is pointed out in which way the infrared behavior of the gluon propagator reflects the (de-confinement transition. Numerical results for the quark propagator are given thereby verifying the relation between (de--confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (restoration. Last but not least some results of Dyson-Schwinger equations for the color-superconducting phase at large densities are shown.

Hadron and photon production at large transverse momentum and the dynamics of QCD jets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.

1978-10-01

The phenomenology of hadron and photon reactions at short distances is discussed in terms of perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition to large P/sub T/ hadron reactions, predictions are reviewed for jet production in two photon collisions, the relation of photon and gluon jet production, hadronic production and color separation, upsilon decay into hadrons and photons, leading particle distributions in low P/sub T/ hadron collisions, discriminants of quark and gluon jets, and the effects of coherence on gluon distributions in hadrons. A number of new experimental tests of QCD are discussed

A T-matrix calculation for in-medium heavy-quark gluon scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huggins, K.; Rapp, R.

2012-01-01

The interactions of charm and bottom quarks in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) are evaluated using a thermodynamic 2-body T-matrix. We specifically focus on heavy-quark (HQ) interactions with thermal gluons with an input potential motivated by lattice-QCD computations of the HQ free energy. The latter is implemented into a field-theoretic ansatz for color-Coulomb and (remnants of) confining interactions. This, in particular, enables to discuss corrections to the potential approach, specifically hard-thermal-loop corrections to the vertices, relativistic corrections deduced from pertinent Feynman diagrams, and a suitable projection on transverse thermal gluons. The resulting potentials are applied to compute scattering amplitudes in different color channels and utilized for a calculation of the corresponding HQ drag coefficient in the QGP. A factor of ∼2-3 enhancement over perturbative results is obtained, mainly driven by the resummation in the attractive color-channels.

A QCD analysis of ZEUS diffractive data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (US)] (and others)

2009-11-15

ZEUS inclusive diffractive cross-section measurements have been used in a DGLAP next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to extract the diffractive parton distribution functions. Data on diffractive dijet production in deep inelastic scattering have also been included to constrain the gluon density. Predictions based on the extracted parton densities are compared to diffractive charm and dijet photoproduction data. (orig.)

A QCD analysis of ZEUS diffractive data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.

2009-11-01

ZEUS inclusive diffractive cross-section measurements have been used in a DGLAP next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to extract the diffractive parton distribution functions. Data on diffractive dijet production in deep inelastic scattering have also been included to constrain the gluon density. Predictions based on the extracted parton densities are compared to diffractive charm and dijet photoproduction data. (orig.)

The current matrix elements from HAL QCD method

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Kai; Ishii, Noriyoshi

2018-03-01

HAL QCD method is a method to construct a potential (HAL QCD potential) that reproduces the NN scattering phase shift faithful to the QCD. The HAL QCD potential is obtained from QCD by eliminating the degrees of freedom of quarks and gluons and leaving only two particular hadrons. Therefor, in the effective quantum mechanics of two nucleons defined by HAL QCD potential, the conserved current consists not only of the nucleon current but also an extra current originating from the potential (two-body current). Though the form of the two-body current is closely related to the potential, it is not straight forward to extract the former from the latter. In this work, we derive the the current matrix element formula in the quantum mechanics defined by the HAL QCD potential. As a first step, we focus on the non-relativistic case. To give an explicit example, we consider a second quantized non-relativistic two-channel coupling model which we refer to as the original model. From the original model, the HAL QCD potential for the open channel is constructed by eliminating the closed channel in the elastic two-particle scattering region. The current matrix element formula is derived by demanding the effective quantum mechanics defined by the HAL QCD potential to respond to the external field in the same way as the original two-channel coupling model.

Thermodynamics of lattice QCD with 2 quark flavours : chiral symmetry and topology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lagae, J.-F.

1998-01-01

We have studied the restoration of chiral symmetry in lattice QCD at the finite temperature transition from hadronic matter to a quark-gluon plasma. By measuring the screening masses of flavour singlet and non-singlet meson excitations, we have seen evidence that, although flavour chiral symmetry is restored at this transition, flavour singlet (U(1)) axial symmetry is not. We conclude that this indicates that instantons continue to play an important role in the quark-gluon plasma phase

ARIADNE - A Monte Carlo for QCD cascades in the colour dipole formulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pettersson, U.

1988-04-01

We present a Monte Carlo program for generating QCD cascades, based on the colour dipole approximation. In this formulation the gluons are radiated from dipoles that are stretched from one colour charge to the corresponding anti-charge. The subsequent emission of gluons thus corresponds to the dipoles being split into smaller and smaller dipoles. This formulation automatically takes into account the angular ordering and the ordering in transverse momenta, and it also gives some nontrivial azimuthal effects. (author)

The role of three-gluon correlation functions in the single spin asymmetry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beppu Hiroo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available We study the twist-3 three-gluon contribution to the single spin asymmetry in the light-hadron production in pp collision in the framework of the collinear factorization. We derive the corresponding cross section formula in the leading order with respect to the QCD coupling constant. We also present a numerical calculation of the asymmetry at the RHIC energy, using a model for the three-gluon correlation functions suggested by the asymmetry for the D-meson production at RHIC. We found that the asymmetries for the light-hadron and the jet productions are very useful to constrain the magnitude and form of the correlation functions. Since the three-gluon correlation functions shift the asymmetry for all kinds of hadrons in the same direction, it is unlikely that they become a main source of the asymmetry.

Tests of models of color reconnection and a search for glueballs using gluon jets with a rapidity gap

CERN Document Server

Abbiendi, G.; Akesson, P.F.; Alexander, G.; Allison, John; Amaral, P.; Anagnostou, G.; Anderson, K.J.; Arcelli, S.; Asai, S.; Axen, D.; Azuelos, G.; Bailey, I.; Barberio, E.; Barlow, R.J.; Batley, R.J.; Bechtle, P.; Behnke, T.; Bell, Kenneth Watson; Bell, P.J.; Bella, G.; Bellerive, A.; Benelli, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Boeriu, O.; Bock, P.; Boutemeur, M.; Braibant, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Brown, Robert M.; Buesser, K.; Burckhart, H.J.; Campana, S.; Carnegie, R.K.; Caron, B.; Carter, A.A.; Carter, J.R.; Chang, C.Y.; Charlton, David G.; Csilling, A.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; De Roeck, A.; De Wolf, E.A.; Desch, K.; Dienes, B.; Donkers, M.; Dubbert, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Duerdoth, I.P.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Feld, L.; Ferrari, P.; Fiedler, F.; Fleck, I.; Ford, M.; Frey, A.; Furtjes, A.; Gagnon, P.; Gary, John William; Gaycken, G.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Giacomelli, G.; Giacomelli, P.; Giunta, Marina; Goldberg, J.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Gruwe, M.; Gunther, P.O.; Gupta, A.; Hajdu, C.; Hamann, M.; Hanson, G.G.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Harin-Dirac, M.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C.M.; Hawkings, R.; Hemingway, R.J.; Hensel, C.; Herten, G.; Heuer, R.D.; Hill, J.C.; Hoffman, Kara Dion; Horvath, D.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Ishii, K.; Jeremie, H.; Jovanovic, P.; Junk, T.R.; Kanaya, N.; Kanzaki, J.; Karapetian, G.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Keeler, R.K.; Kellogg, R.G.; Kennedy, B.W.; Kim, D.H.; Klein, K.; Klier, A.; Kluth, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Kobel, M.; Komamiya, S.; Kormos, Laura L.; Kramer, T.; Krieger, P.; von Krogh, J.; Kruger, K.; Kuhl, T.; Kupper, M.; Lafferty, G.D.; Landsman, H.; Lanske, D.; Layter, J.G.; Leins, A.; Lellouch, D.; Lettso, J.; Levinson, L.; Lillich, J.; Lloyd, S.L.; Loebinger, F.K.; Lu, J.; Ludwig, J.; Macpherson, A.; Mader, W.; Marcellini, S.; Martin, A.J.; Masetti, G.; Mashimo, T.; Mattig, Peter; McDonald, W.J.; McKenna, J.; McMahon, T.J.; McPherson, R.A.; Meijers, F.; Menges, W.; Merritt, F.S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Mihara, S.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D.J.; Moed, S.; Mohr, W.; Mori, T.; Mutter, A.; Nagai, K.; Nakamura, I.; Nanjo, H.; Neal, H.A.; Nisius, R.; O'Neale, S.W.; Oh, A.; Okpara, A.; Oreglia, M.J.; Orito, S.; Pahl, C.; Pasztor, G.; Pater, J.R.; Patrick, G.N.; Pilcher, J.E.; Pinfold, J.; Plane, David E.; Poli, B.; Polok, J.; Pooth, O.; Przybycien, M.; Quadt, A.; Rabbertz, K.; Rembser, C.; Renkel, P.; Roney, J.M.; Rosati, S.; Rozen, Y.; Runge, K.; Sachs, K.; Saeki, T.; Sarkisyan, E.K.G.; Schaile, A.D.; Schaile, O.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schieck, J.; Schoerner-Sadenius, Thomas; Schroder, Matthias; Schumacher, M.; Schwick, C.; Scott, W.G.; Seuster, R.; Shears, T.G.; Shen, B.C.; Sherwood, P.; Siroli, G.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A.M.; Sobie, R.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Spano, F.; Stahl, A.; Stephens, K.; Strom, David M.; Strohmer, R.; Tarem, S.; Tasevsky, M.; Taylor, R.J.; Teuscher, R.; Thomson, M.A.; Torrence, E.; Toya, D.; Tran, P.; Trigger, I.; Trocsanyi, Z.; Tsur, E.; Turner-Watson, M.F.; Ueda, I.; Ujvari, B.; Vollmer, C.F.; Vannerem, P.; Vertesi, R.; Verzocchi, M.; Voss, H.; Vossebeld, J.; Waller, D.; Ward, C.P.; Ward, D.R.; Watkins, P.M.; Watson, A.T.; Watson, N.K.; Wells, P.S.; Wengler, T.; Wermes, N.; Wetterling, D.; Wilson, G.W.; Wilson, J.A.; Wolf, G.; Wyatt, T.R.; Yamashita, S.; Zer-Zion, D.; Zivkovic, Lidija

2004-01-01

Gluon jets with a mean energy of 22 GeV and purity of 95% are selected from hadronic Z0 decay events produced in e+e- annihilations. A subsample of these jets is identified which exhibits a large gap in the rapidity distribution of particles within the jet. After imposing the requirement of a rapidity gap, the gluon jet purity is 86%. These jets are observed to demonstrate a high degree of sensitivity to the presence of color reconnection, i.e. higher order QCD processes affecting the underlying color structure. We use our data to test three QCD models which include a simulation of color reconnection: one in the Ariadne Monte Carlo, one in the Herwig Monte Carlo, and the other by Rathsman in the Pythia Monte Carlo. We find the Rathsman and Ariadne color reconnection models can describe our gluon jet measurements only if very large values are used for the cutoff parameters which serve to terminate the parton showers, and that the description of inclusive Z0 data is significantly degraded in this case. We concl...

Masses and couplings of open beauty states in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubinstein, H.R.; Reinders, L.J.; Yazaki, S.

1981-05-01

Masses and couplings of open beauty states (strange and non-strange) with Jsup(PC) = 0 ++ , 0 -+ , 1 -- . and 1 ++ are calculated using the QCD sum rule formalism. Non-perturbative effects due to quark and gluon condensate operators are shown to be important, confirming earlier calculations for equal quark mass systems. (author)

Investigating the impact of the gluon saturation effects on the momentum transfer distributions for the exclusive vector meson photoproduction in hadronic collisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V.P. Gonçalves

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The exclusive vector meson production cross section is one of the most promising observables to probe the high energy regime of the QCD dynamics. In particular, the squared momentum transfer (t distributions are an important source of information about the spatial distribution of the gluons in the hadron and about fluctuations of the color fields. In this paper we complement previous studies on exclusive vector meson photoproduction in hadronic collisions presenting a comprehensive analysis of the t-spectrum measured in exclusive ρ, ϕ and J/Ψ photoproduction in pp and PbPb collisions at the LHC. We compute the differential cross sections taking into account gluon saturation effects and compare the predictions with those obtained in the linear regime of the QCD dynamics. Our results show that gluon saturation suppresses the magnitude of the cross sections and shifts the position of the dips towards smaller values of t.

QCD physics at hadron storage rings: From COSY to FAIR

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Furthermore, the confinement of quarks and gluons to hadrons allows crucial tests of fundamental symmetries that are inherent to the QCD Lagrangian but are broken in hadronic systems. Thus, high precision measurements of the production and decay of specific hadronic states provides decisive benchmarks to investigate ...

Gluon density determination from open charm events at HERA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woudenberg, R. van; Ould-Saada, F.; Eisenberg, Y.; Glasman, C.; Karshon, U.; Montag, A.; Egli, S.

1992-01-01

We study some prospects of measuring the gluon density in the proton using charm events at HERA for the ep center of mass energy √s = 314 GeV. We invoke the QCD-improved boson-gluon fusion model and find the following cross-section: σ(ep → ecanti cX) ≅ O(0.6 μb). This cross-section would provide O(10 8 ) events/year, for an integrated luminosity of 100 pb -1 . We have investigated two traditional methods for tagging of charm, namely, D *± reconstruction using the process D *± → D 0 π ± → (K -+ π ± )π ± , and dileptonic decays of charmed hadrons (canti c → l + l - X). The inclusive cross-sections after full detector simulation are 10 3 pb and 10 2 pb, respectively. In both cases the background was strongly reduced. By using these events, the gluon distribution in the proton can be measured in the range 10 -3 ≤ x g ≤ 10 -1 . We conclude that an adequate discrimination among the present theoretical parametrizations can be achieved at HERA. (orig.)

Charm production and QCD analysis at HERA and LHC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zenaiev, Oleksandr

2015-03-01

In this thesis the study of charm production in ep and pp collisions is presented. The heavy-quark masses provide a hard scale, allowing the application of perturbative QCD. A measurement of D + -meson production in deep inelastic scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA is presented. The analysis was performed using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 354 pb -1 . Differential cross sections were measured as a function of virtuality Q 2 , inelasticity y, transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the D + mesons. Lifetime information was used to reduce the combinatorial background significantly. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions in the fixed-flavour-number scheme were compared to the data. This measurement was combined with other H1 and ZEUS measurements of charm production. The combination was performed at inclusive level for the reduced charm cross sections, which were obtained from the measured visible cross sections, extrapolated to the full phase space using the shape of the theoretical predictions in the fixed-flavour-number scheme. The combination method accounts for the correlations of the systematic uncertainties among the different datasets, thus allowing cross calibration of different measurements. The combined charm data were compared to QCD predictions in various heavy-flavour schemes and used together with the inclusive production data at HERA as input for QCD analyses to determine the charm running mass in the MS renormalisation scheme and the optimal values of the charm-quark mass parameters in other heavy-flavour schemes. An additional combination of the H1 and ZEUS D *+ visible cross sections was performed to provide the combined cross sections without theory-related uncertainties from the extrapolation procedure. This combination also provides differential cross sections as a function of the D *+ kinematic variables. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions in the fixed-flavour-number scheme were compared to the combined D *+ cross

A new prescription for soft gluon resummation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abbate, Riccardo; Forte, Stefano; Ridolfi, Giovanni

2007-01-01

We present a new prescription for the resummation of the divergent series of perturbative corrections, due to soft gluon emission, to hard processes near threshold in perturbative QCD (threshold resummation). This prescription is based on Borel resummation, and contrary to the commonly used minimal prescription, it does not introduce a dependence of resummed physical observables on the kinematically unaccessible x→0 region of parton distributions. We compare results for resummed deep-inelastic scattering obtained using the Borel prescription and the minimal prescription and exploit the comparison to discuss the ambiguities related to the resummation procedure

Interference between initial and final state radiation in a QCD medium

CERN Document Server

Armesto, Nestor; Martinez, Mauricio; Mehtar-Tani, Yacine; Salgado, Carlos A.

2012-01-01

We investigate the color coherence pattern between initial and final state radiation in the presence of a QCD medium. We derive the medium-induced gluon spectrum of an "asymptotic" parton which suffers a hard scattering and subsequently crosses the medium. The angular distribution of the induced gluon spectrum is modified when one includes interference terms between the incoming and the outgoing parton at finite angle between them. The coherent, incoherent and soft limits of the medium-induced gluon spectrum are studied. In the soft limit, we provide a simple and intuitive probabilistic picture which could be of interest for Monte Carlo implementations. The configuration studied here may have phenomenological consequences in high energy nuclear collisions.

The γ* p total cross section at low x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schildknecht, D.

2001-01-01

We have shown that the HERA data on DIS in the low-x diffraction region, including Q 2 = 0 photoproduction, find a natural interpretation in the GVD/CDP that rests on the generic structure of two-gluon exchange from QCD. The gluon density that in the appropriate limit corresponds to the color-dipole cross section is consistent with the results from QCD fits. The cross sections for real and virtual photons on protons become identical in the limit of infinite energy

Perturbative QCD at finite temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Altherr, T.

1989-03-01

We discuss an application of finite temperature QCD to lepton-pair production in a quark-gluon plasma. The perturbative calculation is performed within the realtime formalism. After cancellation of infrared and mass singularities, the corrections at O (α s ) are found to be very small in the region where the mass of the Drell-Yan pair is much larger than the temperature of the plasma. Interesting effects, however, appear at the annihilation threshold of the thermalized quarks

Scattering processes and resonances from lattice QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Briceño, Raúl A.; Dudek, Jozef J.; Young, Ross D.

2018-04-01

The vast majority of hadrons observed in nature are not stable under the strong interaction; rather they are resonances whose existence is deduced from enhancements in the energy dependence of scattering amplitudes. The study of hadron resonances offers a window into the workings of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the low-energy nonperturbative region, and in addition many probes of the limits of the electroweak sector of the standard model consider processes which feature hadron resonances. From a theoretical standpoint, this is a challenging field: the same dynamics that binds quarks and gluons into hadron resonances also controls their decay into lighter hadrons, so a complete approach to QCD is required. Presently, lattice QCD is the only available tool that provides the required nonperturbative evaluation of hadron observables. This article reviews progress in the study of few-hadron reactions in which resonances and bound states appear using lattice QCD techniques. The leading approach is described that takes advantage of the periodic finite spatial volume used in lattice QCD calculations to extract scattering amplitudes from the discrete spectrum of QCD eigenstates in a box. An explanation is given of how from explicit lattice QCD calculations one can rigorously garner information about a variety of resonance properties, including their masses, widths, decay couplings, and form factors. The challenges which currently limit the field are discussed along with the steps being taken to resolve them.

Hadron and photon production at large transverse momentum and the dynamics of QCD jets. [Review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, S.J.

1978-10-01

The phenomenology of hadron and photon reactions at short distances is discussed in terms of perturbative quantum chromodynamics. In addition to large P/sub T/ hadron reactions, predictions are reviewed for jet production in two photon collisions, the relation of photon and gluon jet production, hadronic production and color separation, upsilon decay into hadrons and photons, leading particle distributions in low P/sub T/ hadron collisions, discriminants of quark and gluon jets, and the effects of coherence on gluon distributions in hadrons. A number of new experimental tests of QCD are discussed.

ALEPH Tau Spectral Functions and QCD

CERN Document Server

Davier, M; Zhang, Z; Davier, Michel; Hoecker, Andreas; Zhang, Zhiqing

2007-01-01

Hadronic $\\tau$ decays provide a clean laboratory for the precise study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Observables based on the spectral functions of hadronic $\\tau$ decays can be related to QCD quark-level calculations to determine fundamental quantities like the strong coupling constant, quark and gluon condensates. Using the ALEPH spectral functions and branching ratios, complemented by some other available measurements, and a revisited analysis of the theoretical framework, the value $\\asm = 0.345 \\pm 0.004_{\\rm exp} \\pm 0.009_{\\rm th}$ is obtained. Taken together with the determination of \\asZ from the global electroweak fit, this result leads to the most accurate test of asymptotic freedom: the value of the logarithmic slope of $\\alpha_s^{-1}(s)$ is found to agree with QCD at a precision of 4%. The value of \\asZ obtained from $\\tau$ decays is $\\asZ = 0.1215 \\pm 0.0004_{\\rm exp} \\pm 0.0010_{\\rm th} \\pm 0.0005_{\\rm evol} = 0.1215 \\pm 0.0012$.

Higgs production in gluon fusion beyond NNLO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ball, Richard D. [Edinburgh Univ. (United Kingdom). Tait Inst.; Bonvini, Marco [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Forte, Stefano [Milano Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; INFN, Sezione di Milano (Italy); Marzani, Simone [Durham Univ. (United Kingdom). Inst. for Particle Physics Phenomenology; Ridolfi, Giovanni [Genova Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; INFN, Sezione di Genova (Italy)

2013-03-15

We construct an approximate expression for the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N{sup 3}LO) in {alpha}{sub s} with finite top mass. We argue that an accurate approximation can be constructed by exploiting the analiticity of the Mellin space cross section, and the information on its singularity structure coming from large N (soft gluon, Sudakov) and small N (high energy, BFKL) all order resummation. We support our argument with an explicit comparison of the approximate and the exact expressions up to the highest (NNLO) order at which the latter are available. We find that the approximate N{sup 3}LO result amounts to a correction of 17% to the NNLO QCD cross section for production of a 125 GeV Higgs at the LHC (8 TeV), larger than previously estimated, and it significantly reduces the scale dependence of the NNLO result.

Higgs production in gluon fusion beyond NNLO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ball, Richard D.; Bonvini, Marco; Forte, Stefano; Marzani, Simone; Ridolfi, Giovanni

2013-01-01

We construct an approximate expression for the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N 3 LO) in α s with finite top mass. We argue that an accurate approximation can be constructed by exploiting the analyticity of the Mellin space cross section, and the information on its singularity structure coming from large N (soft gluon, Sudakov) and small N (high energy, BFKL) all order resummation. We support our argument with an explicit comparison of the approximate and the exact expressions up to the highest (NNLO) order at which the latter are available. We find that the approximate N 3 LO result amounts to a correction of 17% to the NNLO QCD cross section for production of a 125 GeV Higgs at the LHC (8 TeV), larger than previously estimated, and it significantly reduces the scale dependence of the NNLO result

Higgs production in gluon fusion beyond NNLO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ball, Richard D. [Tait Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Scotland (United Kingdom); Bonvini, Marco [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchroton, DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg (Germany); Forte, Stefano, E-mail: forte@mi.infn.it [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy); Marzani, Simone [Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England (United Kingdom); Ridolfi, Giovanni [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova and INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova (Italy)

2013-09-21

We construct an approximate expression for the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N{sup 3}LO) in α{sub s} with finite top mass. We argue that an accurate approximation can be constructed by exploiting the analyticity of the Mellin space cross section, and the information on its singularity structure coming from large N (soft gluon, Sudakov) and small N (high energy, BFKL) all order resummation. We support our argument with an explicit comparison of the approximate and the exact expressions up to the highest (NNLO) order at which the latter are available. We find that the approximate N{sup 3}LO result amounts to a correction of 17% to the NNLO QCD cross section for production of a 125 GeV Higgs at the LHC (8 TeV), larger than previously estimated, and it significantly reduces the scale dependence of the NNLO result.

Higgs production in gluon fusion beyond NNLO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ball, Richard D.; Forte, Stefano; Marzani, Simone

2013-03-01

We construct an approximate expression for the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N 3 LO) in α s with finite top mass. We argue that an accurate approximation can be constructed by exploiting the analiticity of the Mellin space cross section, and the information on its singularity structure coming from large N (soft gluon, Sudakov) and small N (high energy, BFKL) all order resummation. We support our argument with an explicit comparison of the approximate and the exact expressions up to the highest (NNLO) order at which the latter are available. We find that the approximate N 3 LO result amounts to a correction of 17% to the NNLO QCD cross section for production of a 125 GeV Higgs at the LHC (8 TeV), larger than previously estimated, and it significantly reduces the scale dependence of the NNLO result.

Finding the 3-gluon vertex from 4-jet events in e+e- annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bengtsson, M.

1988-05-01

Although the 3-gluon coupling is a necessary ingredient for QCD to be asymptotically free, conclusive experimental evidence is still lacking. We make here a comprehensive and systematic study of the possibilities of finding it in e + e - annihilation at the Z 0 resonance. Emphasis is put on observables of 4-jet events which are sensitive to the specific helicity structure of the processes g → gg and g → qanti q. These observables give a quantitative and qualitative difference between QCD and abelian models, making it straightforward to confirm the nonabelian nature of the theory of strong interactions. (orig.)

The three-loop splitting functions in QCD. The helicity-dependent case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moch, S.; Vogt, A.

2014-09-01

We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) contributions to the main splitting functions for the evolution of longitudinally polarized parton densities of hadrons in perturbative QCD. The quark-quark and gluon-quark splitting functions have been obtained by extending our previous all Mellin-N calculations to the structure function g 1 in electromagnetic deep-inelastic scattering (DIS). Their quark-gluon and gluon-gluon counterparts have been derived using third-order fixed-N calculations of structure functions in graviton-exchange DIS, relations to the unpolarized case and mathematical tools for systems of Diophantine equations. The NNLO corrections to the splitting functions are small outside the region of small momentum fractions x where they exhibit a large double-logarithmic enhancement, yet the corrections to the evolution of the parton densities can be unproblematic down to at least x∼10 -4 .

The $\\Delta I = 1/2 $ Rule in the Light of Two-Dimensional QCD

CERN Document Server

Ellis, John R.; Hanany, Amihay; Karliner, Marek; Ellis, John; Frishman, Yitzhak; Hanany, Amihay; Karliner, Marek

1997-01-01

We calculate in QCD$_2$ the ratios of baryonic matrix elements of $\\Delta I = 2$ and $\\Delta I = 0$ four-fermion operators, with a view to understanding better the mechanism of $\\Delta I = 1/2$ enhancement in QCD$_4$. We find relatively small suppressions of both the scalar-scalar and vector-vector these results, in view of a suggestion that gluon condensation may be an important contributing factor in the $\\Delta I = 1/2$ enhancement seen in QCD$_4$. At the technical level, our calculation of the vector-vector operator matrix element requires a treatment of the time dependence of the QCD$_2$ soliton which had not been developed in previous phenomenological calculations within this model.

Beautiful mesons from QCD spectral sum rules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Narison, S.

1991-01-01

We discuss the beautiful meson from the point of view of the QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR). The bottom quark mass and the mixed light quark-gluon condensates are determined quite accurately. The decay constant f B is estimated and we present some arguments supporting this result. The decay constants and the masses of the other members of the beautiful meson family are predicted. (orig.)

Multiplicities of $\\pi^{0}$, $\\eta$, $K^{0}$ and of charged particles in quark and gluon jets

CERN Document Server

Abbiendi, G.; Ainsley, C.; Akesson, P.F.; Alexander, G.; Allison, John; Anderson, K.J.; Arcelli, S.; Asai, S.; Ashby, S.F.; Axen, D.; Azuelos, G.; Bailey, I.; Ball, A.H.; Barberio, E.; Barlow, Roger J.; Batley, J.R.; Baumann, S.; Behnke, T.; Bell, Kenneth Watson; Bella, G.; Bellerive, A.; Bentvelsen, S.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Bloodworth, I.J.; Bock, P.; Bohme, J.; Boeriu, O.; Bonacorsi, D.; Boutemeur, M.; Braibant, S.; Bright-Thomas, P.; Brigliadori, L.; Brown, Robert M.; Burckhart, H.J.; Cammin, J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R.K.; Carter, A.A.; Carter, J.R.; Chang, C.Y.; Charlton, David G.; Ciocca, C.; Clarke, P.E.L.; Clay, E.; Cohen, I.; Cooke, O.C.; Couchman, J.; Couyoumtzelis, C.; Coxe, R.L.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G.Marco; Dallison, S.; de Roeck, A.; Dervan, P.; Desch, K.; Dienes, B.; Dixit, M.S.; Donkers, M.; Dubbert, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Duerdoth, I.P.; Estabrooks, P.G.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Fanti, M.; Feld, L.; Ferrari, P.; Fiedler, F.; Fleck, I.; Ford, M.; Frey, A.; Furtjes, A.; Futyan, D.I.; Gagnon, P.; Gary, J.W.; Gaycken, G.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Giacomelli, G.; Giacomelli, P.; Glenzinski, D.; Goldberg, J.; Grandi, C.; Graham, K.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Gruwe, M.; Gunther, P.O.; Hajdu, C.; Hanson, G.G.; Hansroul, M.; Hapke, M.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Hargrove, C.K.; Harin-Dirac, M.; Hauke, A.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C.M.; Hawkings, R.; Hemingway, R.J.; Hensel, C.; Herten, G.; Heuer, R.D.; Hildreth, M.D.; Hill, J.C.; Hocker, James Andrew; Hoffman, Kara Dion; Homer, R.J.; Honma, A.K.; Horvath, D.; Hossain, K.R.; Howard, R.; Huntemeyer, P.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Ishii, K.; Jacob, F.R.; Jawahery, A.; Jeremie, H.; Jones, C.R.; Jovanovic, P.; Junk, T.R.; Kanaya, N.; Kanzaki, J.; Karapetian, G.; Karlen, D.; Kartvelishvili, V.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Keeler, R.K.; Kellogg, R.G.; Kennedy, B.W.; Kim, D.H.; Klein, K.; Klier, A.; Kobayashi, T.; Kobel, M.; Kokott, T.P.; Komamiya, S.; Kowalewski, Robert V.; Kress, T.; Krieger, P.; von Krogh, J.; Kuhl, T.; Kupper, M.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G.D.; Landsman, H.; Lanske, D.; Lawson, I.; Layter, J.G.; Leins, A.; Lellouch, D.; Letts, J.; Levinson, L.; Liebisch, R.; Lillich, J.; List, B.; Littlewood, C.; Lloyd, A.W.; Lloyd, S.L.; Loebinger, F.K.; Long, G.D.; Losty, M.J.; Lu, J.; Ludwig, J.; Macchiolo, A.; Macpherson, A.; Mader, W.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Marchant, T.E.; Martin, A.J.; Martin, J.P.; Martinez, G.; Mashimo, T.; Mattig, Peter; McDonald, W.John; McKenna, J.; McMahon, T.J.; McPherson, R.A.; Meijers, F.; Mendez-Lorenzo, P.; Merritt, F.S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Mihara, S.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D.J.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Nagai, K.; Nakamura, I.; Neal, H.A.; Nisius, R.; O'Neale, S.W.; Oakham, F.G.; Odorici, F.; Ogren, H.O.; Oh, A.; Okpara, A.; Oreglia, M.J.; Orito, S.; Pasztor, G.; Pater, J.R.; Patrick, G.N.; Patt, J.; Pfeifenschneider, P.; Pilcher, J.E.; Pinfold, J.; Plane, David E.; Poli, B.; Polok, J.; Pooth, O.; Przybycien, M.; Quadt, A.; Rembser, C.; Rick, H.; Robins, S.A.; Rodning, N.; Roney, J.M.; Rosati, S.; Roscoe, K.; Rossi, A.M.; Rozen, Y.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Rust, D.R.; Sachs, K.; Saeki, T.; Sahr, O.; Sarkisyan, E.K.G.; Sbarra, C.; Schaile, A.D.; Schaile, O.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schmitt, S.; Schroder, Matthias; Schumacher, M.; Schwick, C.; Scott, W.G.; Seuster, R.; Shears, T.G.; Shen, B.C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C.H.; Sherwood, P.; Siroli, G.P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A.M.; Snow, G.A.; Sobie, R.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Spagnolo, S.; Sproston, M.; Stahl, A.; Stephens, K.; Stoll, K.; Strom, David M.; Strohmer, R.; Surrow, B.; Talbot, S.D.; Tarem, S.; Taylor, R.J.; Teuscher, R.; Thiergen, M.; Thomas, J.; Thomson, M.A.; Torrence, E.; Towers, S.; Trefzger, T.; Trigger, I.; Trocsanyi, Z.; Tsur, E.; Turner-Watson, M.F.; Ueda, I.; Vannerem, P.; Verzocchi, M.; Voss, H.; Vossebeld, J.; Waller, D.; Ward, C.P.; Ward, D.R.; Watkins, P.M.; Watson, A.T.; Watson, N.K.; Wells, P.S.; Wengler, T.; Wermes, N.; Wetterling, D.; White, J.S.; Wilson, G.W.; Wilson, J.A.; Wyatt, T.R.; Yamashita, S.; Zacek, V.; Zer-Zion, D.

2000-01-01

We compared the multiplicities of pizero, eta, Kzero and of charged particles in quark and gluon jets in 3-jet events, as measured by the OPAL experiment at LEP. The comparisons were performed for distributions unfolded to 100% pure quark and gluon jets, at an effective scale Qjet which took into account topological dependences of the 3-jet environment. The ratio of particle multiplicity in gluon jets to that in quark jets as a function of Qjet for pizero, eta and Kzero was found to be independent of the particle species. This is consistent with the QCD prediction that the observed enhancement in the mean particle rate in gluon jets with respect to quark jets should be independent of particle species. In contrast to some theoretical predictions and previous observations, we observed no evidence for an enhancement of eta meson production in gluon jets with respect to quark jets, beyond that observed for charged particles. We measured the ratio of the slope of the average charged particle multiplicity in gluon ...

Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Huey-Wen; Nocera, Emanuele R.; Olness, Fred; Orginos, Kostas; Rojo, Juan; Accardi, Alberto; Alexandrou, Constantia; Bacchetta, Alessandro; Bozzi, Giuseppe; Chen, Jiunn-Wei; Collins, Sara; Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda; Constantinou, Martha; Del Debbio, Luigi; Engelhardt, Michael; Green, Jeremy; Gupta, Rajan; Harland-Lang, Lucian A.; Ishikawa, Tomomi; Kusina, Aleksander; Liu, Keh-Fei; Liuti, Simonetta; Monahan, Christopher; Nadolsky, Pavel; Qiu, Jian-Wei; Schienbein, Ingo; Schierholz, Gerrit; Thorne, Robert S.; Vogelsang, Werner; Wittig, Hartmut; Yuan, C.-P.; Zanotti, James

2018-05-01

In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.

Recent QCD Results from SLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muller, David

1999-01-01

We present selected results on strong interaction physics from the SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider. We report on several new studies of 3- and 4-jet hadronic Z 0 decays, in which jets are identified as quark, antiquark or gluon. The 3-jet Z 0 --> b anti-bg rate is sensitive to the b-quark mass; prospects for measuring m b are discussed. The gluon energy spectrum is measured over the full kinematic range, providing an improved test of QCD and limits on anomalous b anti-bg couplings. The parity violation in Z 0 --> b anti-bg decays is consistent with electroweak theory plus QCD. New tests of T- and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex are performed. A new measurement of the rate of gluon splitting into b anti-b pairs yields g b anti-b = 0.0031 ± 0.0007 (stat.)± 0.0006 (syst.) (Preliminary). We also present a number of new results on jet fragmentation into identified hadrons. The B hadron energy spectrum is measured over the full kinematic range using a new, inclusive technique, allowing stringent tests of predictions for its shape and a precise measurement of (xB) = 0.714 ± 0.005(stat.) ± 0.007(syst.) (Preliminary). A detailed study of correlations in rapidity y between pairs of identified pi ± , K ± and p/anti-p confirms that strangeness and baryon number are conserved locally, and shows local charge conservation between meson-baryon and strange-nonstrange pairs. Flavor-dependent long-range correlations are observed for all combinations of these hadron species, yielding new information on leading particle production. The first study of correlations using rapidities signed such that y > 0 corresponds to the quark direction provides additional new insights into fragmentation, including the first direct observation of baryon number ordering along the q anti-q axis

Approximate Q.C.D. lower bound for the bag constant B

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nielsen, H.B.

1978-01-01

Using an article by Savvidy from 1977 in which a state in Q.C.D. with lower energy than the perturbative vacuum was found, the author calculates an approximate lower bound for the M.I.T. bag constant B relative to the Q.C.D. coupling parameter Λ. With an M.I.T. bag constant Bsup(1/4)=145 MeV the author finds Λsub(P)<=0.89 GeV when the propagator of the gluon is used to renormalize the coupling constant. (Auth.)

Measurements of gluon spin-sensitive quantities at the Z0 resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan, C.G.

1993-10-01

Measurements have been made of the scaled jet energies (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) and the Ellis-Karliner angle (cosθ EK ), which are sensitive to the spill of the gluon, in the 3-jet hadronic events from the e + e - annihilation at the Z 0 resonance. The experiment is performed with the SLD detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The data used in this analysis was collected during the 1992 physics run, which includes 10,252 hadronic Z 0 events that have CDC information written out. Only charged tracks measured in the central drift chamber are used for the measurements of the above variables. The raw data are found to be in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations passing the same set of track and event selection cuts. A bin-to-bin correction is done for the distributions of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , and cosθ EK to account for the effects of hadronization, detector acceptance and resolution. The corrected data is compared to the parton level distributions of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , and cosθ EK simulated from the vector QCD model and the scalar gluon model respectively. The systematic errors, calculated for all the bins in these distributions, are obtained by comparing the results from different sets of track and event selection cuts, from different hadronization models and from different Monte Carlo programs. Good agreement is found between data and the vector QCD model. The scalar gluon model strongly disagrees with the data

Possible check of the QCD parton model in semiinclusive μ- -production of tau/psi-meson

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bagdasaryan, I.A.; Grigoryan, S.G.; Yesaibegyan, S.V.

1982-01-01

The process of tau/psi meson production in the semi-inclusive μN → μ+tau/psi+X interaction is discussed. It is shown that the measurement of azimuthal asymmetry in semi-inclusive production of tau/psi can serve as a good test for the check of the QCD parton model. An additional method of the check of distribution gluon functions in photon-gluon fusion model is suggested

Higher order QCD corrections in small x physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chachamis, G.

2006-11-01

We study higher order QCD corrections in small x Physics. The numerical implementation of the full NLO photon impact factor is the remaining necessary piece for the testing of the NLO BFKL resummation against data from physical processes, such as γ * γ * collisions. We perform the numerical integration over phase space for the virtual corrections to the NLO photon impact factor. This, along with the previously calculated real corrections, makes feasible in the near future first estimates for the γ*γ* total cross section, since the convolution of the full impact factor with the NLO BFKL gluon Green's function is now straightforward. The NLO corrections for the photon impact factor are sizeable and negative. In the second part of this thesis, we estimate higher order correction to the BK equation. We are mainly interested in whether partonic saturation delays or not in rapidity when going beyond the leading order. In our investigation, we use the so called 'rapidity veto' which forbid two emissions to be very close in rapidity, to 'switch on' higher order corrections to the BK equation. From analytic and numerical analysis, we conclude that indeed saturation does delay in rapidity when higher order corrections are taken into account. In the last part, we investigate higher order QCD corrections as additional corrections to the Electroweak (EW) sector. The question of whether BFKL corrections are of any importance in the Regge limit for the EW sector seems natural; although they arise in higher loop level, the accumulation of logarithms in energy s at high energies, cannot be dismissed without an investigation. We focus on the process γγ→ZZ. We calculate the pQCD corrections in the forward region at leading logarithmic (LL) BFKL accuracy, which are of the order of few percent at the TeV energy scale. (orig.)

Higher order QCD corrections in small x physics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chachamis, G.

2006-11-15

We study higher order QCD corrections in small x Physics. The numerical implementation of the full NLO photon impact factor is the remaining necessary piece for the testing of the NLO BFKL resummation against data from physical processes, such as {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *} collisions. We perform the numerical integration over phase space for the virtual corrections to the NLO photon impact factor. This, along with the previously calculated real corrections, makes feasible in the near future first estimates for the {gamma}*{gamma}* total cross section, since the convolution of the full impact factor with the NLO BFKL gluon Green's function is now straightforward. The NLO corrections for the photon impact factor are sizeable and negative. In the second part of this thesis, we estimate higher order correction to the BK equation. We are mainly interested in whether partonic saturation delays or not in rapidity when going beyond the leading order. In our investigation, we use the so called 'rapidity veto' which forbid two emissions to be very close in rapidity, to 'switch on' higher order corrections to the BK equation. From analytic and numerical analysis, we conclude that indeed saturation does delay in rapidity when higher order corrections are taken into account. In the last part, we investigate higher order QCD corrections as additional corrections to the Electroweak (EW) sector. The question of whether BFKL corrections are of any importance in the Regge limit for the EW sector seems natural; although they arise in higher loop level, the accumulation of logarithms in energy s at high energies, cannot be dismissed without an investigation. We focus on the process {gamma}{gamma}{yields}ZZ. We calculate the pQCD corrections in the forward region at leading logarithmic (LL) BFKL accuracy, which are of the order of few percent at the TeV energy scale. (orig.)

Q.C.D. predictions for the forward photoproduction of heavy vector mesons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Navelet, H.; Peschanski, R.

1984-03-01

From the inelastic QantiQ-Nucleon cross section, we get predictions for the forward photoproduction of heavy QantiQ mesons by using V.D.M. and the optical theorem. These cross sections are computed from perturbative Q.C.D. through gluon radiation mechanism

Muoproduction of J/ψ and the gluon distribution of the nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashman, J.; Combley, F.; Salmon, D.; Wheeler, S.; Bee, C.P.; Brown, S.C.; Court, G.; Francis, D.; Gabathuler, E.; Gamet, R.; Hayman, P.; Holt, J.R.; Jones, T.; Matthews, M.; Wimpenny, S.J.; Coignet, G.; Toth, J.; Urban, L.; Drees, J.; Edwards, A.W.; Hamacher, K.; Korzen, B.; Kruener, U.; Moenig, K.; Pavel, N.; Peschel, H.; Nassalski, J.; Sandacz, A.; Windmolders, R.; Ernst, T.; Landgraf, U.; Schroeder, T.; Stier, H.E.; Stock, J.; Wallucks, W.

1992-01-01

Measurements are presented of the inclusive distributions of the J/ψ meson produced by muons of energy 200 GeV from an ammonia target. The gluon distribution of the nucleon has been derived from the data in the range 0.04< x<0.36 using a technique based on the colour singlet model. An arbitrary normalisation factor is required to obtain a reasonable integral of the gluon distribution. Some comments are made on the use of J/ψ production by virtual photons to extract the gluon distribution at HERA. (orig.)

The running QCD coupling in the pre-asymptotic region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burgio, G.; Di Renzo, F.; Parrinello, C.; Pittori, C

1999-03-01

We study deviations from the perturbative asymptotic behaviour in the running QCD coupling by analysing non-perturbative measurements of {alpha}{sub s}(p) at low momenta (p {approx} 2 GeV) as obtained from the lattice three-gluon vertex. Our exploratory study provides some evidence for power corrections to the perturbative running proportional to 1/p{sup 2}.

Anti pp searches for quark-gluon plasma at TeV I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turkot, F.

1986-06-01

Three experiments that have been approved to run at TeV I are discussed from the viewpoint of their capability to search for evidence of the QCD phase transition in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.6 TeV. One of these experiments, E-735, was proposed as a dedicated search for quark-gluon plasma effects with a detector designed to study large total E/sub T/, low P/sub T/ individual particles. The other two, E-741 (CDF) and E-740 (DO), embody general purpose four-pi detectors designed primarily to study the physics of W and Z bosons and other large P/sub T/ phenomena. The detectors and their quark-gluon plasma signals are compared. 8 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs

Experimental studies of unbiased gluon jets from $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilations using the jet boost algorithm

CERN Document Server

Abbiendi, G.; Akesson, P.F.; Alexander, G.; Allison, John; Amaral, P.; Anagnostou, G.; Anderson, K.J.; Arcelli, S.; Asai, S.; Axen, D.; Azuelos, G.; Bailey, I.; Barberio, E.; Barlow, R.J.; Batley, R.J.; Bechtle, P.; Behnke, T.; Bell, Kenneth Watson; Bell, P.J.; Bella, G.; Bellerive, A.; Benelli, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Boeriu, O.; Bock, P.; Boutemeur, M.; Braibant, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Brown, Robert M.; Buesser, K.; Burckhart, H.J.; Campana, S.; Carnegie, R.K.; Caron, B.; Carter, A.A.; Carter, J.R.; Chang, C.Y.; Charlton, David G.; Csilling, A.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; De Roeck, A.; De Wolf, E.A.; Desch, K.; Dienes, B.; Donkers, M.; Dubbert, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Duerdoth, I.P.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Feld, L.; Ferrari, P.; Fiedler, F.; Fleck, I.; Ford, M.; Frey, A.; Furtjes, A.; Gagnon, P.; Gary, John William; Gaycken, G.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Giacomelli, G.; Giacomelli, P.; Giunta, Marina; Goldberg, J.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Gruwe, M.; Gunther, P.O.; Gupta, A.; Hajdu, C.; Hamann, M.; Hanson, G.G.; Harder, K.; Harel, A.; Harin-Dirac, M.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C.M.; Hawkings, R.; Hemingway, R.J.; Hensel, C.; Herten, G.; Heuer, R.D.; Hill, J.C.; Hoffman, Kara Dion; Horvath, D.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Ishii, K.; Jeremie, H.; Jovanovic, P.; Junk, T.R.; Kanaya, N.; Kanzaki, J.; Karapetian, G.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Keeler, R.K.; Kellogg, R.G.; Kennedy, B.W.; Kim, D.H.; Klein, K.; Klier, A.; Kluth, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Kobel, M.; Komamiya, S.; Kormos, Laura L.; Kramer, T.; Krieger, P.; von Krogh, J.; Kruger, K.; Kuhl, T.; Kupper, M.; Lafferty, G.D.; Landsman, H.; Lanske, D.; Layter, J.G.; Leins, A.; Lellouch, D.; Letts, J.; Levinson, L.; Lillich, J.; Lloyd, S.L.; Loebinger, F.K.; Lu, J.; Ludwig, J.; Macpherson, A.; Mader, W.; Marcellini, S.; Martin, A.J.; Masetti, G.; Mashimo, T.; Mattig, Peter; McDonald, W.J.; McKenna, J.; McMahon, T.J.; McPherson, R.A.; Meijers, F.; Menges, W.; Merritt, F.S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Mihara, S.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D.J.; Moed, S.; Mohr, W.; Mori, T.; Mutter, A.; Nagai, K.; Nakamura, I.; Nanjo, H.; Neal, H.A.; Nisius, R.; O'Neale, S.W.; Oh, A.; Okpara, A.; Oreglia, M.J.; Orito, S.; Pahl, C.; Pasztor, G.; Pater, J.R.; Patrick, G.N.; Pilcher, J.E.; Pinfold, J.; Plane, David E.; Poli, B.; Polok, J.; Pooth, O.; Przybycien, M.; Quadt, A.; Rabbertz, K.; Rembser, C.; Renkel, P.; Rick, H.; Roney, J.M.; Rosati, S.; Rozen, Y.; Runge, K.; Sachs, K.; Saeki, T.; Sarkisyan, E.K.G.; Schaile, A.D.; Schaile, O.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schieck, J.; Schoerner-Sadenius, Thomas; Schroder, Matthias; Schumacher, M.; Schwick, C.; Scott, W.G.; Seuster, R.; Shears, T.G.; Shen, B.C.; Sherwood, P.; Siroli, G.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A.M.; Sobie, R.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Spano, F.; Stahl, A.; Stephens, K.; Strom, David M.; Strohmer, R.; Tarem, S.; Tasevsky, M.; Taylor, R.J.; Teuscher, R.; Thomson, M.A.; Torrence, E.; Toya, D.; Tran, P.; Trigger, I.; Trocsanyi, Z.; Tsur, E.; Turner-Watson, M.F.; Ueda, I.; Ujvari, B.; Vollmer, C.F.; Vannerem, P.; Vertesi, R.; Verzocchi, M.; Voss, H.; Vossebeld, J.; Waller, D.; Ward, C.P.; Ward, D.R.; Warsinsky, M.; Watkins, P.M.; Watson, A.T.; Watson, N.K.; Wells, P.S.; Wengler, T.; Wermes, N.; Wetterling, D.; Wilson, G.W.; Wilson, J.A.; Wolf, G.; Wyatt, T.R.; Yamashita, S.; Zer-Zion, D.; Zivkovic, Lidija

2004-01-01

We present the first experimental results based on the jet boost algorithm, a technique to select unbiased samples of gluon jets in e+e- annihilations, i.e. gluon jets free of biases introduced by event selection or jet finding criteria. Our results are derived from hadronic Z0 decays observed with the OPAL detector at the LEP e+e- collider at CERN. First, we test the boost algorithm through studies with Herwig Monte Carlo events and find that it provides accurate measurements of the charged particle multiplicity distributions of unbiased gluon jets for jet energies larger than about 5 GeV, and of the jet particle energy spectra (fragmentation functions) for jet energies larger than about 14 GeV. Second, we apply the boost algorithm to our data to derive unbiased measurements of the gluon jet multiplicity distribution for energies between about 5 and 18 GeV, and of the gluon jet fragmentation function at 14 and 18 GeV. In conjunction with our earlier results at 40 GeV, we then test QCD calculations for the en...

Exclusive neutrino production of a charmed vector meson and transversity gluon generalized parton distributions

Science.gov (United States)

Pire, B.; Szymanowski, L.

2017-12-01

We calculate at the leading order in αs the QCD amplitude for exclusive neutrino production of a D* or Ds* charmed vector meson on a nucleon. We work in the framework of the collinear QCD approach where generalized parton distributions (GPDs) factorize from perturbatively calculable coefficient functions. We include O (mc) terms in the coefficient functions and the O (mD) term in the definition of heavy meson distribution amplitudes. The show that the analysis of the angular distribution of the decay D(s) *→D(s )π allows us to access the transversity gluon GPDs.

QCD on the light cone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.

1992-09-01

The quantization of gauge theory at fixed light-cone time τ = t - z/c provides new perspectives for solving non-perturbative problems in quantum chromodynamics. The light-cone Fock state expansion provides both a precise definition of the relativistic wavefunctions of hadrons as bound-states of quarks and gluons and a general calculus for predicting QCD processes at the amplitude level. Applications to exclusive processes and weak decay amplitudes are discussed. The problem of computing the hadronic spectrum and the corresponding light-cone wavefunctions of QCD in one space and one time dimension has been successfully reduced to the diagonalization of a discrete representation of the light-cone Hamiltonian. The problems confronting the solution of gauge theories in 3 + 1 dimensions in the light-cone quantization formalism,, including zero modes and non-perturbative renormalization, are reviewed

Finite size effects in quark-gluon plasma formation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gopie, Andy; Ogilvie, Michael C.

1999-01-01

Using lattice simulations of quenched QCD we estimate the finite size effects present when a gluon plasma equilibrates in a slab geometry, i.e., finite width but large transverse dimensions. Significant differences are observed in the free energy density for the slab when compared with bulk behavior. A small shift in the critical temperature is also seen. The free energy required to liberate heavy quarks relative to bulk is measured using Polyakov loops; the additional free energy required is on the order of 30 - 40 MeV at 2 - 3 T c

The Theory of Quark and Gluon Interactions

CERN Document Server

Ynduráin, Francisco J

2006-01-01

F. J. Ynduráin's book on Quantum Chromodynamics has become a classic among advanced textbooks. First published in 1983, and translated into Russian in 1986, it now sees its fourth edition. It addresses readers with basic knowledge of field theory and particle phenomenology. The author presents the basic facts of quark and gluon physics in pedagogical form. Theory is always confronted with experimental findings. The reader will learn enough to be able to follow modern research articles. This fourth edition presents a new section on heavy quark effective theories, more material on lattice QCD and on chiral perturbation theory.

Tests of QCD using jets, bosons plus jets, and top quark production at colliders

CERN Document Server

Cossutti, Fabio

2017-01-01

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is actively studied at present collidersusing several physics signatures as probes. Results from measurementsdone at LHC, but also from the legacy analyses of Tevatron and HERAdata, are discussed. Jets are the main tool for such investigation, asexperimental evidence for emission of gluons or quark production inQCD-dominated processes. Jet production in multijet events or inassociation with vector bosons is discussed. The investigation of theproduction of heavy quarks, and in particular of the top quark, is ofspecial importance both for the physics implications in the search fornew phenomena and for its unique characteristics from the QCD point ofview.

The color dielectric model of QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pirner, H.-J.; Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA

1992-01-01

This paper demonstrates the emergence of valence gluons and their bound states, the glueballs from perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We discuss the phenomenological constraints and theoretical method needed to generate effective glueballs actions. We show how color dielectric confinement works naively and in the lattice model of color dielectrics. This lattice model is derived for SU(2) color by a blockspinning Monte Carlo renormalization group procedure. We interpret the resulting long-distance as a strongly interacting lattice string theory where the valence link gluon fields randomize in the color dielectric background which mimics the integrated out high-frequency gluon modes in the vacuum. The fluctuations of the color dielectric fields are related to color neutral glueballs modes. We give the extension of this color dielectric SU(2) theory for general SU(N) with quarks and address the problems associated with combining confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Finally we prove the efficiency of the effective theory in applications to the heavy quark system, the the baryon, to the nucleon-nucleon interaction, to baryon models and the gluon plasma transition. In all those cases the behavior of the higher energy gluons can be monitored via the color dielectric fields. An increase in the energy density from ''deconfining'' the higher frequency modes inside the flux tube or in thermally excited matter shows up as an increase in the value of the color dielectric field and its associated energy density. (Author)

Analysis of the logarithmic slope of F2 from the Regge gluon density behavior at small x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boroun, G. R.

2010-01-01

We study the accuracy of the Regge behavior of the gluon distribution function for an approximate relation that is frequently used to extract the logarithmic slopes of the structure function from the gluon distribution at small x. We show that the Regge behavior analysis results are comparable with HERA data and are also better than other methods that expand the gluon density at distinct points of expansion. We also show that for Q 2 = 22.4 GeV 2 , the x dependence of the data is well described by gluon shadowing corrections to the GLR-MQ equation. The resulting analytic expression allows us to predict the logarithmic derivative ∂F 2 (x, Q 2 )/∂lnQ 2 and to compare the results with the H1 data and a QCD analysis fit with the MRST parameterization input.

Heavy flavour production in perturbative QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nason, P.; Ridolfi, G.; Frixione, S.; Mangano, M.L.

1994-01-01

The status of heavy flavour production in QCD is reviewed. Recent results on the doubly-differential cross section are discussed for the photoproduction of heavy flavours. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical calculation is discussed both for b production at hadron colliders and c production in fixed-target hadroproduction and photoproduction. The possibility of using photoproduction of heavy flavour in order to determine the gluon density in the proton is also discussed. (author). 38 refs., 8 figs

Solving QCD via multi-Regge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, A. R.

1998-01-01

To solve QCD at high-energy the authors must simultaneously find the hadronic states and the exchanged pomeron (IP) giving UNITARY scattering amplitudes. Experimentally, the IP ∼ a Regge pole at small Q 2 and a single gluon at larger Q 2 . (F 2 D -H1, dijets-ZEUS). In the solution which the author describes, these non-perturbative properties of the IP are directly related to the non-perturbative confinement and chiral symmetry breaking properties of hadrons

QCD jets from coherent states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Curci, G [European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva (Switzerland); Greco, M; Srivastava, Y [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Frascati (Italy). Lab. Nazionale di Frascati

1979-11-19

A recently proposed approach to the problem of infrared and mass singularities in QCD based on the formalism of coherent states, is extended to discuss massless quark and gluon jets. The present results include all leading (ln delta) terms as well as finite terms in the energy loss epsilon, in addition to the usual ln epsilon associated with ln delta. The formulae agree with explicit perturbative calculations, whenever available. Explicit expressions for the total Ksub(T) distributions are given which take into account transverse-momentum conservation. Predictions are also made for the Q/sup 2/ dependence of the mean Ksub(T)/sup 2/ for quark and gluon jets. The jet ksub(T) distributions are extrapolated for low ksub(T) and shown to describe with good accuracy the data for eanti e..-->..qanti q..-->.. hadrons. Numerical predictions are also presented for the forthcoming PETRA, PEP and LEP machines.

Chemical Evolution of Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan, Ying-Hua; Zhang, Wei-Ning

2014-01-01

At very initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions a wave of quark-gluon matter is produced from the break-up of the strong color electric field and then thermalizes at a short time scale (~1 fm/c). However, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) system is far out of chemical equilibrium, especially for the heavy quarks which are supposed to reach chemical equilibrium much late. In this paper a continuing quark production picture for strongly interacting QGP system is derived, using the quark number susceptibilities and the equation of state; both of them are from the results calculated by the Wuppertal-Budapest lattice QCD collaboration. We find that the densities of light quarks increase by 75% from the temperature T=400 MeV to T=150 MeV, while the density of strange quark annihilates by 18% in the temperature region. We also offer a discussion on how this late production of quarks affects the final charge-charge correlations

The IR sector of QCD: lattice versus Schwinger-Dyson equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Binosi, Daniele

2010-01-01

Important information about the infrared dynamics of QCD is encoded in the behavior of its (of-shell) Green's functions, most notably the gluon and the ghost propagators. Due to recent improvements in the quality of lattice data and the truncation schemes employed for the Schwinger-Dyson equations we have now reached a point where the interplay between these two non-perturbative tools can be most fruitful. In this talk several of the above points will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the implications for the ghost sector, the non-perturbative effective charge of QCD, and the Kugo-Ojima function.

On the collinear singularity problem of hot QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Candelpergher, B.; Grandou, T.

2002-01-01

The collinear singularity problem of hot QCD is revisited within a perturbative resummation scheme (PR) of the leading thermal fluctuations. On the basis of actual calculations, new aspects are discovered concerning the origin of the singularity plaguing the soft real photon emission rate out of a quark-gluon plasma at thermal equilibrium, when the latter is calculated by means of the Resummation Program (RP)

Gauge invariant sub-structures of tree-level double-emission exact QCD spin amplitudes

CERN Document Server

Van Hameren, A

2009-01-01

In this note we discuss possible separations of exact, massive, tree-level spin amplitudes into gauge invariant parts. We concentrate our attention on processes involving two quarks entering a color- neutral current and, thanks to the QCD interactions, two extra external gluons. We will search for forms compatible with parton shower languages, without applying approximations or restrictions on phase space regions. Special emphasis will be put on the isolation of parts necessary for the construction of evolution kernels for individual splittings and to some degree for the running coupling constant as well. Our aim is to better understand the environment necessary to optimally match hard matrix elements with partons shower algorithms. To avoid complications and ambiguities related to regularization schemes, we ignore, at this point, virtual corrections. Our representation is quite universal: any color-neutral current can be used, in particular our approach is not restricted to vector currents only.

HUNTING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

LUDLAM, T.; ARONSON, S.

2005-04-11

The U.S. Department of Energy's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) construction project was completed at BNL in 1999, with the first data-taking runs in the summer of 2000. Since then the early measurements at RHIC have yielded a wealth of data, from four independent detectors, each with its international collaboration of scientists: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR [1]. For the first time, collisions of heavy nuclei have been carried out at colliding-beam energies that have previously been accessible only for high-energy physics experiments with collisions of ''elementary'' particles such as protons and electrons. It is at these high energies that the predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory that describes the role of quarks and gluons in nuclear matter, come into play, and new phenomena are sought that may illuminate our view of the basic structure of matter on the sub-atomic scale, with important implications for the origins of matter on the cosmic scale. The RHIC experiments have recorded data from collisions of gold nuclei at the highest energies ever achieved in man-made particle accelerators. These collisions, of which hundreds of millions have now been examined, result in final states of unprecedented complexity, with thousands of produced particles radiating from the nuclear collision. All four of the RHIC experiments have moved quickly to analyze these data, and have begun to understand the phenomena that unfold from the moment of collision as these particles are produced. In order to provide benchmarks of simpler interactions against which to compare the gold-gold collisions, the experiments have gathered comparable samples of data from collisions of a very light nucleus (deuterium) with gold nuclei, as well as proton-proton collisions, all with identical beam energies and experimental apparatus. The early measurements have revealed compelling evidence for the existence of a new form of nuclear

HUNTING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LUDLAM, T.; ARONSON, S.

2005-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) construction project was completed at BNL in 1999, with the first data-taking runs in the summer of 2000. Since then the early measurements at RHIC have yielded a wealth of data, from four independent detectors, each with its international collaboration of scientists: BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR [1]. For the first time, collisions of heavy nuclei have been carried out at colliding-beam energies that have previously been accessible only for high-energy physics experiments with collisions of ''elementary'' particles such as protons and electrons. It is at these high energies that the predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory that describes the role of quarks and gluons in nuclear matter, come into play, and new phenomena are sought that may illuminate our view of the basic structure of matter on the sub-atomic scale, with important implications for the origins of matter on the cosmic scale. The RHIC experiments have recorded data from collisions of gold nuclei at the highest energies ever achieved in man-made particle accelerators. These collisions, of which hundreds of millions have now been examined, result in final states of unprecedented complexity, with thousands of produced particles radiating from the nuclear collision. All four of the RHIC experiments have moved quickly to analyze these data, and have begun to understand the phenomena that unfold from the moment of collision as these particles are produced. In order to provide benchmarks of simpler interactions against which to compare the gold-gold collisions, the experiments have gathered comparable samples of data from collisions of a very light nucleus (deuterium) with gold nuclei, as well as proton-proton collisions, all with identical beam energies and experimental apparatus. The early measurements have revealed compelling evidence for the existence of a new form of nuclear matter at extremely high

What (if anything) can few-body strange systems teach us about quark-gluon hadronic substructure?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maltman, K.

1990-01-01

We discuss expectation, relevant to the proposed (π,K) program at PILAC, for the effects of hadronic quark-gluon substructure on the physics of few-body strangeness -1 systems, in the context of QCD-inspired models used previously to describe the hadron spectrum and short distance nucleon-nucleon scattering. 50 refs., 2 tabs

Measurement and QCD analysis of diffractive jet cross sections in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mozer, M.U.

2006-07-24

Differential cross sections for the production of two jets in diffractive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at HERA are presented. The process studied is of the type ep{yields}eXY, where the central hadronic system X contains at least two jets and is separated from the system Y by a gap in rapidity. The forward system Y consists of an elastically scattered proton or a low mass dissociation system. The data were taken with the H1 detector during the years of 1999 and 2000 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51.5 pb{sup -1}. The measured cross sections are compared to fixed order NLO QCD predictions, that use diffractive parton densities which have previously been determined by a NLO QCD analysis of inclusive diffractive DIS at H1. The prediction and the data show significant differences. However, the dijet cross section is dominated by the diffractive gluon density, which can be extracted by the above mentioned analysis only with considerable uncertainty. Hence a combined QCD analysis of the previously published inclusive diffractive data and the dijet data is performed. This combined fit analysis allows the determination of diffractive quark and gluon densities with comparable precision. The common description of inclusive diffractive data and the dijet data confirms QCD factorization. (orig.)

Fourier-positivity constraints on QCD dipole models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bertrand G. Giraud

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Fourier-positivity (F-positivity, i.e. the mathematical property that a function has a positive Fourier transform, can be used as a constraint on the parametrization of QCD dipole-target cross-sections or Wilson line correlators in transverse position space r. They are Bessel transforms of positive transverse momentum dependent gluon distributions. Using mathematical F-positivity constraints on the limit r→0 behavior of the dipole amplitudes, we identify the common origin of the violation of F-positivity for various, however phenomenologically convenient, dipole models. It is due to the behavior r2+ϵ, ϵ>0 softer, even slightly, than color transparency. F-positivity seems thus to conflict with the present dipole formalism when it includes a QCD running coupling constant α(r.

Does the QCD vacuum build up a colour chemical potential dynamically?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sailer, K.; Greiner, W.

1998-01-01

The one-loop effective theory is found for QCD assuming an overcritical homogeneous gluon vector potential background that corresponds to a non-vanishing colour chemical potential. It is found that the vacuum is unstable against building up a non-vanishing colour chemical potential for sufficiently large number of flavours. (author)

QCD and electroweak interference in Higgs production by gauge boson fusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersen, Jeppe R.; Smillie, Jennifer M.

2007-01-01

We explicitly calculate the contribution to Higgs production at the LHC from the interference between gluon fusion and weak vector boson fusion, and compare it to the pure QCD and pure electroweak result. While the effect is small at tree level, we speculate it will be significantly enhanced by loop effects

Implications of QCD for soft hadronic and nuclear processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hwa, R.C.

1981-01-01

Physical implications of QCD for strong forces in soft processes are discussed. Topics include long-range force, Van der Waals force, nuclear force, hadron and quark structures. In the absence of a reliable calculational scheme, phenomenological models have been built that incorporate QCD ideas as far as possible. In the framework of those models calculations have been made that provide an understanding of the soft processes in terms of quarks and gluons. We review recent work on nuclear potential, form factors at low Q 2 , pion decay constant, inclusive distribution of low p/sub T/, and radiation length of fast quark in nuclear matter

The PLUTO experiment at DORIS (DESY) and the discovery of the gluon (A recollection)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stella, Bruno R.; Meyer, Hans-Juergen

2010-08-01

With the aim of determining the contribution of the PLUTO experiment at the DORIS e + e - storage ring to the discovery of the gluon, as members of this former collaboration we have reconsidered all the scientific material produced by PLUTO in 1978 and the first half of 1979. It is clear that the experiment demonstrated the main decay of the Y(9.46 GeV) resonance to be mediated by 3 gluons, by providing evidence for the agreement of this hypothesis with average values and differential distributions of all possible experimental variables and by excluding all other possible alternative models. Moreover PLUTO measured in June 1979 the matrix element of the 3-gluon decay to be quantitatively as expected by QCD (even after hadronization) and, having checked the possibility to correctly trace the gluons' directions, demonstrated the spin 1 nature of the gluon by excluding spin 0 and spin 1/2. The hadronization of the gluon like a quark jet, hypothesized in the 3-gluon jet Monte Carlo simulation, was compatible with the topological data at this energy and was shown to be an approximation at 10% level for the multiplicity (∼ vertical stroke vertical stroke > -1 ); the right expected gluon fragmentation was needed for the inclusive distributions; this was the first experimental study of (identified) gluon jets. In the following measurements at the PETRA storage ring, these results were confirmed by PLUTO and by three contemporaneous experiments by evidencing at higher energies the gluon radiation (''bremsstrahlung''), the softer one, by jet broadening, and the hard one, by the emission of (now clearly visible) gluon jets by quarks. The gluon's spin 1 particle nature was also confirmed. The PLUTO results on Y decays had been confirmed both by contemporaneous experiments at DORIS (partially) and later (also partially) were confirmed by more sophisticated detectors. (orig.)

Next-to-soft corrections to high energy scattering in QCD and gravity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luna, A.; Melville, S. [SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow,Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland (United Kingdom); Naculich, S.G. [Department of Physics, Bowdoin College,Brunswick, ME 04011 (United States); White, C.D. [Centre for Research in String Theory, School of Physics and Astronomy,Queen Mary University of London,327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS (United Kingdom)

2017-01-12

We examine the Regge (high energy) limit of 4-point scattering in both QCD and gravity, using recently developed techniques to systematically compute all corrections up to next-to-leading power in the exchanged momentum i.e. beyond the eikonal approximation. We consider the situation of two scalar particles of arbitrary mass, thus generalising previous calculations in the literature. In QCD, our calculation describes power-suppressed corrections to the Reggeisation of the gluon. In gravity, we confirm a previous conjecture that next-to-soft corrections correspond to two independent deflection angles for the incoming particles. Our calculations in QCD and gravity are consistent with the well-known double copy relating amplitudes in the two theories.

Bulk viscous corrections to screening and damping in QCD at high temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Du, Qianqian [Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University,Guilin, 541004 (China); Dumitru, Adrian [Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, CUNY,17 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010 (United States); The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York,365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 (United States); Guo, Yun [Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University,Guilin, 541004 (China); Strickland, Michael [Department of Physics, Kent State University,206B Smith Hall, Kent, OH 44240 (United States)

2017-01-27

Non-equilibrium corrections to the distribution functions of quarks and gluons in a hot and dense QCD medium modify the “hard thermal loops” (HTL). The HTLs determine the retarded, advanced, and symmetric (time-ordered) propagators for gluons with soft momenta as well as the Debye screening and Landau damping mass scales. We compute such corrections to a thermal as well as to a non-thermal fixed point. The screening and damping mass scales are sensitive to the bulk pressure and hence to (pseudo-) critical dynamical scaling of the bulk viscosity in the vicinity of a second-order critical point. This could be reflected in the properties of quarkonium bound states in the deconfined phase and in the dynamics of soft gluon fields.

Bulk viscous corrections to screening and damping in QCD at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Du, Qianqian; Dumitru, Adrian; Guo, Yun; Strickland, Michael

2017-01-01

Non-equilibrium corrections to the distribution functions of quarks and gluons in a hot and dense QCD medium modify the “hard thermal loops” (HTL). The HTLs determine the retarded, advanced, and symmetric (time-ordered) propagators for gluons with soft momenta as well as the Debye screening and Landau damping mass scales. We compute such corrections to a thermal as well as to a non-thermal fixed point. The screening and damping mass scales are sensitive to the bulk pressure and hence to (pseudo-) critical dynamical scaling of the bulk viscosity in the vicinity of a second-order critical point. This could be reflected in the properties of quarkonium bound states in the deconfined phase and in the dynamics of soft gluon fields.

Perturbative QCD lagrangian at large distances and stochastic dimensionality reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shintani, M.

1986-10-01

We construct a Lagrangian for perturbative QCD at large distances within the covariant operator formalism which explains the color confinement of quarks and gluons while maintaining unitarity of the S-matrix. It is also shown that when interactions are switched off, the mechanism of stochastic dimensionality reduction is operative in the system due to exact super-Lorentz symmetries. (orig.)

Extraction of the gluon density of the proton at small χ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Derrick, M.; Krakauer, D.; Magill, S.

1994-10-01

The gluon momentum density xg(x, Q 2 ) of the proton was extracted at Q 2 =20 GeV 2 for small values of x between 4x10 -4 and 10 -2 from the scaling violations of the proton structure function F 2 measured recently by ZEUS in deep inelastic neutral current ep scattering at HERA. The extraction was performed in two ways. Firstly, using a global NLO fit to the ZEUS data on F 2 at low x constrained by measurements from NMC at larger x; and secondly using published approximate methods for the solution of the GLAP QCD evolution equations. Consistent results are obtained. A substantial increase of the gluon density is found at small x in comparison with the NMC result obtained at larger values of x. (orig.)

Critical point in the phase diagram of primordial quark-gluon matter from black hole physics

Science.gov (United States)

Critelli, Renato; Noronha, Jorge; Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn; Portillo, Israel; Ratti, Claudia; Rougemont, Romulo

2017-11-01

Strongly interacting matter undergoes a crossover phase transition at high temperatures T ˜1012 K and zero net-baryon density. A fundamental question in the theory of strong interactions, QCD, is whether a hot and dense system of quarks and gluons displays critical phenomena when doped with more quarks than antiquarks, where net-baryon number fluctuations diverge. Recent lattice QCD work indicates that such a critical point can only occur in the baryon dense regime of the theory, which defies a description from first principles calculations. Here we use the holographic gauge/gravity correspondence to map the fluctuations of baryon charge in the dense quark-gluon liquid onto a numerically tractable gravitational problem involving the charge fluctuations of holographic black holes. This approach quantitatively reproduces ab initio results for the lowest order moments of the baryon fluctuations and makes predictions for the higher-order baryon susceptibilities and also for the location of the critical point, which is found to be within the reach of heavy-ion collision experiments.

Monte Carlo study on the properties of gluon and quark jets

CERN Document Server

Zhang Kun Shi; Yu Mei Ling; LianShouLiu

2002-01-01

The 3-jet events produced in e sup + e sup - collisions at 91.2 GeV have been studied using Monte Carlo method. After applying two angular cuts the three angles between the jets are used to identify the individual jet in 3-jet events. The energy distributions of the three jets, the mean particle multiplicities, mean transverse momenta of the three jets in equal energy bins and their distributions have been analyzed. Comparing with the corresponding results from the quark jets in 2-jet events, a simple method to select gluon and quark jets from 3-jet events is obtained. The properties of the gluon and quark jets being selected using the introduced method are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of perturbative QCD. The ratio of the mean multiplicity between quark and gluon jets, sub g sub l sub u sub o sub n / sub q sub u sub q sub r sub k , has been calculated. The results, again, agree with the experimental results from SLD, OPAL, ALEPH and DELPHI Collaborations, indicating that the method propose...

Heavy-quark hadroproduction in kT-factorization approach with unintegrated gluon distributions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shabelski, Yu.M.; Shuvaev, A.G.

2006-01-01

The processes of heavy-quark production using the unintegrated gluon distributions are considered. The numerical predictions for high-energy nucleon-nucleon and photon-nucleon collisions of the k T -factorization approach (semihard theory) are compared with the experimental data from Tevatron collider and HERA. The total production cross sections and p T distributions are considered and they are in reasonable agreement with the data for reasonable values of QCD scale [ru

NLO-QCD corrections to Higgs pair production in the MSSM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agostini, A.; Degrassi, G. [Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome (Italy); INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome (Italy); Gröber, R. [INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome (Italy); Slavich, P. [LPTHE, UPMC University Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris (France); LPTHE, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris (France)

2016-04-18

We take a step towards a complete NLO-QCD determination of the production of a pair of Higgs scalars in the MSSM. Exploiting a low-energy theorem that connects the Higgs-gluon interactions to the derivatives of the gluon self-energy, we obtain analytic results for the one- and two-loop squark contributions to Higgs pair production in the limit of vanishing external momenta. We find that the two-loop squark contributions can have non-negligible effects in MSSM scenarios with stop masses below the TeV scale. We also show how our results can be adapted to the case of Higgs pair production in the NMSSM.

Three-loop mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to Higgs boson gluon fusion

Science.gov (United States)

Bonetti, Marco; Melnikov, Kirill; Tancredi, Lorenzo

2018-02-01

We compute the contribution of three-loop mixed QCD-electroweak corrections (αS2α2) to the g g →H scattering amplitude. We employ the method of differential equations to compute the relevant integrals and express them in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms.

Experimental tests of QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hansl-Kozanecka, T.

1992-01-01

The phenomenological aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are examined which are relevant for lepton-hadron, electron-positron and hadron-hadron collisions. In deep inelastic scattering the virtual γ or W/Z is used as a probe of the nucleon structure. The strong coupling constant (α s ) measurements via deep inelastic scattering and e + e - annihilation are discussed. Parton-parton collisions (e.g., hard hadron-hadron collisions) are examined as the third regime for QCD tests. (K.A.) 122 refs., 84 figs., 4 tabs

Efficient analytic computation of higher-order QCD amplitudes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bern, Z.; Chalmers, G.; Dunbar, D.C.; Kosower, D.A.

1995-01-01

The authors review techniques simplifying the analytic calculation of one-loop QCD amplitudes with many external legs, for use in next-to-leading-order corrections to multi-jet processes. Particularly useful are the constraints imposed by perturbative unitarity, collinear singularities and a supersymmetry-inspired organization of helicity amplitudes. Certain sequences of one-loop helicity amplitudes with an arbitrary number of external gluons have been obtained using these constraints

Real time observables for the quark-gluon plasma from the lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schaefer, Christian

2014-01-01

In this thesis we studied real time quantities and processes of the quark-gluon plasma. We employed the fundamental theory of QCD allowing for predictions from first principles. Treating QCD on the lattice enabled us to access non-perturbative regimes and for the very first time we computed a hydrodynamic transport coefficient without having to resort to maximum entropy methods or functional input. Furthermore we established a semi-classical formulation of QCD that we applied to investigate the effects of dynamic fermions as well as of using the correct colour group of QCD, SU(3), on the isotropization process of the quark-gluon plasma. In this work we have calculated the second order hydrodynamic transport coefficient κ for the Yang-Mills plasma using lattice perturbation theory and Monte Carlo simulations. From calculations both in strong and weak coupling limits, we expect a temperature dependence of κ∝T 2 . In the investigated temperature range 2T c c our data is consistent with this expectation. Our quantitative result for the transport coefficient is κ=0.36(15)T 2 . Within the error bars, it agrees with predictions from AdS/CFT correspondence rescaled to the field content of Yang-Mills theory as well as leading order perturbation theory. An investigation of the isotropization process via a chromo-Weibel instability is impeded by the fact that the pre-equilibrium phase in a heavy-ion collision constitutes a system far from equilibrium. Furthermore isotropization is a dynamic process and its investigation requires a treatment in real time. For this reason we established a semiclassical lattice approach to QCD facilitating a first principle description of real time processes far from equilibrium. In the investigation of the isotropization process in heavy-ion collisions, we borrowed initial conditions from the colour-glass-condensate effective theory. Studying the pure bosonic dynamics with colour group SU(3) in a static box, we found evidence for the

Transport at ''NLO'' in hot QCD

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2016-01-01

The study of QCD kinetics is driven by a vast array of the experimental measurements of transport at the LHC, ranging from heavy quark energy loss, jet suppression, and hydrodynamics. I first review the fundamental elements of QCD kinetic theory, i.e. plasma screening, 2to2 scattering, and medium modified collinear bremsstrahlung. Then I will summarize recent progress in calculating these elements and their interplay at "NLO" -- "NLO" refers to an order $\\sqrt{\\alpha_s}$ correction to the plasma processes arising from the statistical fluctuations of soft gluons. These "NLO" calculations suggest a computational strategy where the influence of the Debye sector on the real time dynamics of the hard lightlike modes can be incorporated into a few medium coefficients (such as the drag coefficient and $\\hat{q}$), which can be simulated with a Euclidean 3D dimensionally reduced theory.

Meson interferometry and the quest for quark-gluon matter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soff, Sven

2001-01-01

We point out what we may learn from the investigation of identical two-particle interferometry in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions if we assume a particular model scenario by the formation of a thermalized quark-gluon plasma hadronizing via a first-order phase transition to an interacting hadron gas. The bulk properties of the two-pion correlation functions are dominated by these late and soft resonance gas rescattering processes. However, we show that kaons at large transverse momenta have several advantages and a bigger sensitivity to the QCD phase transition parameters

Gluon Green functions free of quantum fluctuations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Athenodorou

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This letter reports on how the Wilson flow technique can efficaciously kill the short-distance quantum fluctuations of 2- and 3-gluon Green functions, remove the ΛQCD scale and destroy the transition from the confining non-perturbative to the asymptotically-free perturbative sector. After the Wilson flow, the behavior of the Green functions with momenta can be described in terms of the quasi-classical instanton background. The same behavior also occurs, before the Wilson flow, at low-momenta. This last result permits applications as, for instance, the detection of instanton phenomenological properties or a determination of the lattice spacing only from the gauge sector of the theory.

On the model dependence of the determination of the strong coupling constant in second order QCD from e+e--annihilation into hadrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Achterberg, O.; D'Agostini, G.; Apel, W.D.; Engler, J.; Fluegge, G.; Forstbauer, B.; Fries, D.C.; Fues, W.; Gamerdinger, K.; Henkes, T.; Hopp, G.; Krueger, M.; Kuester, H.; Mueller, H.; Randoll, H.; Schmidt, G.; Schneider, H.; Boer, W. de; Buschhorn, G.; Grindhammer, G.; Grosse-Wiesmann, P.; Gunderson, B.; Kiesling, C.; Kotthaus, R.; Kruse, U.; Lierl, H.; Lueers, D.; Oberlack, H.; Schacht, P.; Bonneaud, G.; Colas, P.; Cordier, A.; Davier, M.; Fournier, D.; Grivaz, J.F.; Haissinski, J.; Journe, V.; Laplanche, F.; Le Diberder, F.; Mallik, U.; Ros, E.; Veillet, J.J.; Behrend, H.J.; Fenner, H.; Schachter, M.J.; Schroeder, V.; Sindt, H.

1983-12-01

Hadronic events obtained with the CELLO detector at PETRA are compared with second order QCD predictions using different models for the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into hadrons. We find that the model dependence in the determination of the strong coupling constant persists when going from first to second order QCD calculations. (orig.)

Three-particle correlations in QCD parton showers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perez-Ramos, Redamy; Mathieu, Vincent; Sanchis-Lozano, Miguel-Angel

2011-01-01

Three-particle correlations in quark and gluon jets are computed for the first time in perturbative QCD. We give results in the double logarithmic approximation and the modified leading logarithmic approximation. In both resummation schemes, we use the formalism of the generating functional and solve the evolution equations analytically from the steepest descent evaluation of the one-particle distribution. We thus provide a further test of the local parton hadron duality and make predictions for the LHC.

Phenomenological dynamics in QCD at large distances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gogohia, V.Sh.; Kluge, Gy.

1991-07-01

A gauge-invariant, nonperturbative approach to QCD at large distances in the context of the Schwinger-Dyson equations and corresponding Slavnov-Taylor identities in the quark sector is presented. Making only one widely accepted assumption that the full gluon propagator becomes an infrared singular like (q 2 ) -2 in the covariant gauge, we find three and only three confinement-type solutions for the quark propagator (quark confinement theorem.) The approach is free from ghost complications. Also show that multiplication by the quark infrared renormalization constant only, would make all the Green's functions infrared finite (multiplicative renormalizability). The bound-state problem in framework of Bethe-Salpeter equation is discussed as well. Some basic physical parameters of chiral QCD as pion decay constant and quark condensate, have been calculated within our approach. (author) 75 refs.; 14 figs

Fragmentation function in non-equilibrium QCD using closed-time path integral formalism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nayak, Gouranga C.

2009-01-01

In this paper we implement the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time path integral formalism in non-equilibrium QCD in accordance to the definition of the Collins-Soper fragmentation function. We consider a high-p T parton in QCD medium at initial time τ 0 with an arbitrary non-equilibrium (non-isotropic) distribution function f(vector (p)) fragmenting to a hadron. We formulate the parton-to-hadron fragmentation function in non-equilibrium QCD in the light-cone quantization formalism. It may be possible to include final-state interactions with the medium via a modification of the Wilson lines in this definition of the non-equilibrium fragmentation function. This may be relevant to the study of hadron production from a quark-gluon plasma at RHIC and LHC. (orig.)

Higher twist effects in QCD description of light meson exclusive formfactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorskij, A.S.

1987-01-01

The general approach to a quantitative description of higher twist effects in hard exclusive processes in QCD is proposed. The consistent calculations in coordinate space and the choice of special gauges for quantum and classical gluon fields are essential ingradients of this method. The self consistent system of twist three wave functions for π-meson has been built

Quantitative constraints on the gluon distribution function in the proton from collider isolated-photon data

CERN Document Server

d'Enterria, David

2012-01-01

The impact of isolated-photon data from proton-(anti)proton collisions at RHIC, SppbarS, Tevatron and LHC energies, on the parton distribution functions of the proton is studied using a recently developed Bayesian reweighting method. The impact on the gluon density of the 35 existing isolated-gamma measurements is quantified using next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations complemented with the NNPDF2.1 parton densities. The NLO predictions are found to describe well most of the datasets from 200 GeV up to 7 TeV centre-of-mass energies. The isolated-photon spectra recently measured at the LHC are precise enough to constrain the gluon distribution and lead to a moderate reduction (up to 20%) of its uncertainties around fractional momenta x~0.02. As a particular case, we show that the improved gluon density reduces the PDF uncertainty for the Higgs boson production cross section in the gluon-fusion channel by more than 20% at the LHC. We conclude that present and future isolated-photon measuremen...

QCD evolution of (un)polarized gluon TMDPDFs and the Higgs q(T)-distribution

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Garcia, M.; Kasemets, T.; Mulders, P.J.G.; Pisano, C.

2015-01-01

Abstract: We provide the proper definition of all the leading-twist (un)polarized gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), by considering the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution in hadron-hadron collisions and deriving the factorization theorem in terms

QCD Evolution of the Transverse Momentum Dependent Correlations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Jian; Liang, Zuo-Tang; Yuan, Feng

2008-12-10

We study the QCD evolution for the twist-three quark-gluon correlation functions associated with the transverse momentum odd quark distributions. Different from that for the leading twist quark distributions, these evolution equations involve more general twist-three functions beyond the correlation functions themselves. They provide important information on nucleon structure, and can be studied in the semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan lepton pair production in pp scattering process.

Quark and gluon production from a boost-invariantly expanding color electric field

Science.gov (United States)

Taya, Hidetoshi

2017-07-01

Particle production from an expanding classical color electromagnetic field is extensively studied, motivated by the early stage dynamics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. We develop a formalism at one-loop order to compute the particle spectra by canonically quantizing quark, gluon, and ghost fluctuations under the presence of such an expanding classical color background field; the canonical quantization is done in the τ -η coordinates in order to take into account manifestly the expanding geometry. As a demonstration, we model the expanding classical color background field by a boost-invariantly expanding homogeneous color electric field with lifetime T , for which we obtain analytically the quark and gluon production spectra by solving the equations of motion of QCD nonperturbatively with respect to the color electric field. In this paper we study (i) the finite lifetime effect, which is found to modify significantly the particle spectra from those expected from the Schwinger formula; (ii) the difference between the quark and gluon production; and (iii) the quark mass dependence of the production spectra. Implications of these results to ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are also discussed.

A mean field theory for the cold quark gluon plasma applied to stellar structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fogaca, D. A.; Navarra, F. S.; Franzon, B. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Horvath, J. E. [Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 1226, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2013-03-25

An equation of state based on a mean-field approximation of QCD is used to describe the cold quark gluon plasma and also to study the structure of compact stars. We obtain stellar masses compatible with the pulsar PSR J1614-2230 that was determined to have a mass of (1.97 {+-} 0.04 M{sub Circled-Dot-Operator }), and the corresponding radius around 10-11 km.

Leading order determination of the gluon polarisation from DIS events with high-$p_T$ hadron pairs

CERN Document Server

Adolph, C; Alexakhin, V Yu; Alexandrov, Yu; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Antonov, A A; Austregesilo, A; Badelek, B; Balestra, F; Barth, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Bernhard, J; Bertini, R; Bettinelli, M; Bicker, K; Bieling, J; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, F; Braun, C; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Burtin, E; Chaberny, D; Chiosso, M; Chung, S U; Cicuttin, A; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Das, S; Dasgupta, S S; Denisov, O.Yu; Dhara, L; Donskov, S V; Doshita, N; Duic, V; Dunnweber, W; Dziewiecki, M; Efremov, A; Elia, C; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Faessler, M; Ferrero, A; Filin, A; Finger, M; jr., M.Finger; Fischer, H; Franco, C; von Hohenesche, N.du Fresne; Friedrich, J M; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gazda, R; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gnesi, I; Gobbo, B; Goertz, S; Grabmuller, S; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Gushterski, R; Guskov, A; Guthorl, T; Haas, F; von Harrach, D; Hedicke, S; Heinsius, F H; Herrmann, F; Hess, C; Hinterberger, F; Horikawa, N; Hoppner, Ch; d'Hose, N; Huber, S; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Jasinski, P; Joosten, R; Kabuss, E; Kang, D; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu.A; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Kondo, K; Konigsmann, K; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Kouznetsov, O; Kramer, M; Kroumchtein, Z V; Kunne, F.; Kurek, K; Lauser, L; Le Goff, J M; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Levorato, S; Lichtenstadt, J; Maggiora, A; Magnon, A; Makke, N; Mallot, G K; Mann, A; Marchand, C; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Matsuda, T; Meyer, W; Michigami, T; Mikhailov, Yu.V; Moinester, M A; Morreale, A; Mutter, A; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nassalski, J P; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D; Nikolaenko, V I; Nowak, W D; Nunes, A S; Olshevsky, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Panknin, R; Panzieri, D; Parsamyan, B; Paul, S.; Perevalova, E; Pesaro, G; Peshekhonov, D V; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polak, J; Polyakov, V A; Pontecorvo, G; Pretz, J; Procureur, S L; Quaresma, M; Quintans, C; Rajotte, J F; Ramos, S; Rapatsky, V; Reicherz, G; Richter, A; Rocco, E; Rondio, E; Rossiyskaya, N S; Ryabchikov, D I; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Sapozhnikov, M G; Sarkar, S.; Savin, I A; Sbrizzai, G; Schiavon, P; Schill, C.; Schluter, T; Schmidt, K; Schmitt, L; Schonning, K; Schopferer, S; Schott, M; Shevchenko, O.Yu; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Stolarski, M; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Sznajder, P; Takekawa, S; Wolbeek, J.Ter; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Tkatchev, L G; Uhl, S; Uman, I; Vandenbroucke, M; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Wang, L; Windmolders, R; Wislicki, W; Wollny, H; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Ziembicki, M; Zhuravlev, N; Zvyagin, A

2013-01-01

We present a determination of the gluon polarisation Delta g/g in the nucleon, based on the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry of DIS events with a pair of large transverse-momentum hadrons in the final state. The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/c polarised muon beam scattering off a polarised ^6LiD target. The gluon polarisation is evaluated by a Neural Network approach for three intervals of the gluon momentum fraction x_g covering the range 0.04 < x_g < 0.27. The values obtained at leading order in QCD do not show any significant dependence on x_g. Their average is Delta g/g = 0.125 +/- 0.060 (stat.) +/- 0.063 (syst.) at x_g=0.09 and a scale of mu^2 = 3~(GeV/c)^2.

The analytic structure of the anomalous dimension of the four-gluon operator in deep inelastic scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.

1993-12-01

In the double logarithmic approximation of perturbative QCD we show that the anomalous dimension of the four-gluon operator in DIS has a rich analytic structure. In addition to a pole on the physical sheet we find singularities on second and other nonphysical sheets. We attempt to interprete these singularities as bound states and resonances. (orig.)

The gauge-independent QCD effective charge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watson, N.J.

1997-01-01

It is shown how the QED concept of a gauge-, scale- and scheme-independent one-loop effective charge can be extended directly at the diagrammatic level to QCD, thus justifying explicitly the ''naive non-abelianization'' prescription used in renormalon calculus. It is first argued that, for on-shell external fields and at the strictly one-loop level, the required gluon self-energy-like function is precisely that obtained from S-matrix elements via the pinch technique. The generalization of the pinch technique to explicitly off-shell processes is then introduced. It is shown how, as a result of a fundamental cancellation among conventional perturbation theory diagrams, encoded in the QCD Ward identities, the pinch technique one-loop gluon self-energy iΠ μν ab (q) remains gauge-independent and universal regardless of the fact that the ''external'' fields in the given process are off-shell. This demonstration involves a simple technique enabling the isolation, in an arbitrary gauge, of iΠ μν ab (q) from subclasses of up to several hundred diagrams at once. Furthermore, it is shown how this one-loop cancellation mechanism iterates for the subclasses of n-loop diagrams containing implicitly the Dyson chains of n one-loop self-energies iΠ μν ab (q). The gauge cancellation required for the Dyson summation of iΠ μν ab (q) is thus demonstrated explicitly in a general class of ghost-free gauges for all orders n. (orig.)

Magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, N.

2015-01-01

We investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the QCD phase structure at vanishing density by solving the gluon and quark gap equations. The chiral crossover temperature as well as the chiral condensate is computed. For asymptotically large magnetic fields we find magnetic catalysis, while we find inverse magnetic catalysis for intermediate magnetic fields. Moreover, for large magnetic fields the chiral phase transition for massless quarks turns into a crossover. The underlying mechanisms are then investigated analytically within a few simplifications of the full numerical analysis. We find that a combination of gluon screening effects and the weakening of the strong coupling is responsible for the phenomenon of inverse catalysis seen in lattice studies. In turn, the magnetic catalysis at large magnetic field is already indicated by simple arguments based on dimensionality. (author)

The PLUTO experiment at DORIS (DESY) and the discovery of the gluon (A recollection)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stella, Bruno R. [Rome-3 Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Rome (Italy); Meyer, Hans-Juergen

2010-08-15

With the aim of determining the contribution of the PLUTO experiment at the DORIS e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring to the discovery of the gluon, as members of this former collaboration we have reconsidered all the scientific material produced by PLUTO in 1978 and the first half of 1979. It is clear that the experiment demonstrated the main decay of the Y(9.46 GeV) resonance to be mediated by 3 gluons, by providing evidence for the agreement of this hypothesis with average values and differential distributions of all possible experimental variables and by excluding all other possible alternative models. Moreover PLUTO measured in June 1979 the matrix element of the 3-gluon decay to be quantitatively as expected by QCD (even after hadronization) and, having checked the possibility to correctly trace the gluons' directions, demonstrated the spin 1 nature of the gluon by excluding spin 0 and spin 1/2. The hadronization of the gluon like a quark jet, hypothesized in the 3-gluon jet Monte Carlo simulation, was compatible with the topological data at this energy and was shown to be an approximation at 10% level for the multiplicity ({approx} < p {sub vertical} {sub stroke} {sub vertical} {sub stroke} {sub >}{sup -1}); the right expected gluon fragmentation was needed for the inclusive distributions; this was the first experimental study of (identified) gluon jets. In the following measurements at the PETRA storage ring, these results were confirmed by PLUTO and by three contemporaneous experiments by evidencing at higher energies the gluon radiation (''bremsstrahlung''), the softer one, by jet broadening, and the hard one, by the emission of (now clearly visible) gluon jets by quarks. The gluon's spin 1 particle nature was also confirmed. The PLUTO results on Y decays had been confirmed both by contemporaneous experiments at DORIS (partially) and later (also partially) were confirmed by more sophisticated detectors. (orig.)

High energy asymptotics of perturbative multi-color QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipatov, L.N.

1993-01-01

The structure functions of deep-inelastic scattering at small-x satisfy two different equations in the leading logarithmic approximation (LLA). The first one -- the GLAP equation, describes the Q 2 -evolution of partonic distributions h i (x). The second one -- the BFKL, equation determines the x-dependence of parton densities H i (x, k perpendicular ). Analogous equations for matrix elements of higher twist operators were constructed in Refs. 3 and 4. Here the author discusses the possibility of finding an exact solution for multi-gluon compound states in LLA for the color group SU(N), in the limit N → ∞. The contributions of diagrams with many reggeized gluons are important for the unitarization of the perturbative Pomeron in QCD. It is shown that the Bethe-Salpeter equations for compound states of many reggeized gluons are conformally invariant in the two-dimensional impact parameter space. Their solutions can be written in holomorphically factorized form and there is a differential operator commuting with the holomorphic part of the corresponding Hamiltonian

AdS/QCD and Applications of Light-Front Holography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; Cao, Fu-Guang; /Massey U.; de Teramond, Guy F.; /Costa Rica U.

2012-02-16

Light-Front Holography leads to a rigorous connection between hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in 3 + 1 physical space-time, thus providing a compelling physical interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence principle and AdS/QCD, a useful framework which describes the correspondence between theories in a modified AdS5 background and confining field theories in physical space-time. To a first semiclassical approximation, where quantum loops and quark masses are not included, this approach leads to a single-variable light-front Schroedinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate {zeta} which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time. The internal structure of hadrons is explicitly introduced and the angular momentum of the constituents plays a key role. We give an overview of the light-front holographic approach to strongly coupled QCD. In particular, we study the photon-to-meson transition form factors (TFFs) F{sub M{gamma}}(Q{sup 2}) for {gamma}{gamma}* {yields} M using light-front holographic methods. The results for the TFFs for the {eta} and {eta}' mesons are also presented. Some novel features of QCD are discussed, including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates. A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.

Old tensor mesons in QCD sum rules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aliev, T.M.; Shifman, M.A.

1981-01-01

Tensor mesons f, A 2 and A 3 are analyzed within the framework of QCD sum rules. The effects of gluon and quark condensate is accounted for phenomenologically. Accurate estimates of meson masses and coupling constants of the lowest-lying states are obtained. It is shown that the masses are reproduced within theoretical uncertainty of about 80 MeV. The coupling of f meson to the corresponding quark current is determined. The results are in good aqreement with experimental data [ru

Baryons and QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nathan Isgur

1997-01-01

The author presents an idiosyncratic view of baryons which calls for a marriage between quark-based and hadronic models of QCD. He advocates a treatment based on valence quark plus glue dominance of hadron structure, with the sea of q pairs (in the form of virtual hadron pairs) as important corrections

Heavy quark production processes in QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.; Gunion, J.F.

1984-12-01

We have identified two novel effects in QCD, each of which acts to enhance the production of heavy quark and supersymmetric particles beyond what is conventionally expected from gluon fusion. Both effects are present in QED, but are compounded in QCD because of the increased number of diagrams and the much larger coupling constant. The intrinsic charm quark distribution in the nucleon could account for the observed enhancements of the charm structure function at large x and features of the charm production data but this mechanism is relatively suppressed for heavier systems. Prebinding distortion of the fusion cross section is, however, likely to be significant for the production at low p/sub T/ of all particles containing heavy colored constituents. At this stage the QCD calculations are highly model dependent although they agree with the general properties which can be inferred from the operator product expansion in the heavy quark mass. Much more theoretical analysis of these effects is clearly needed. It is also clear that much more experimental work is necessary to extend and confirm the reported anomalous heavy quark signals. 22 references

Color diffusion in QCD transport theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selikhov, A.V.; Gyulassy, M.

1993-01-01

Color diffusion is shown to be an important dissipative property of quark-gluon plasmas with the characteristic color relaxation time scale, t c ∼ (3α s T log (m E /m M )) -1 , showing its sensitivity to the ratio of the static color electric and magnetic screening masses. Fokker-Planck equations are derived for QCD Wigner distributions taking into account quantum color dynamics. These equations show that the anomalously small color relaxation time leads to a small color conductivity and to strong damping of collective color modes

QCD SPIN PHYSICS IN HADRONIC INTERACTIONS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

VOGELSANG,W.

2007-06-19

We discuss spin phenomena in high-energy hadronic scattering, with a particular emphasis on the spin physics program now underway at the first polarized proton-proton collider, RHIC. Experiments at RHIC unravel the spin structure of the nucleon in new ways. Prime goals are to determine the contribution of gluon spins to the proton spin, to elucidate the flavor structure of quark and antiquark polarizations in the nucleon, and to help clarify the origin of transverse-spin phenomena in QCD. These lectures describe some aspects of this program and of the associated physics.

Soft gluon resummation of Drell-Yan rapidity distributions: Theory and phenomenology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonvini, Marco; Forte, Stefano; Ridolfi, Giovanni

2011-01-01

We examine critically the theoretical underpinnings and phenomenological implications of soft gluon (threshold) resummation of rapidity distributions at a hadron collider, taking Drell-Yan production at the Tevatron and the LHC as a reference test case. First, we show that in perturbative QCD soft gluon resummation is necessary whenever the partonic (rather the hadronic) center-of-mass energy is close enough to threshold, and we provide tools to assess when resummation is relevant for a given process. Then, we compare different prescriptions for handling the divergent nature of the series of resummed perturbative corrections, specifically the minimal and Borel prescriptions. We assess the intrinsic ambiguities of resummed results, both due to the asymptotic nature of their perturbative expansion, and to the treatment of subleading terms. Turning to phenomenology, we introduce a fast and accurate method for the implementation of resummation with the minimal and Borel prescriptions using an expansion on a basis of Chebyshev polynomials. We then present results for W and Z production as well as both high- and low-mass dilepton pairs at the LHC, and show that soft gluon resummation effects are generally comparable in size to NNLO corrections, but sometimes affected by substantial ambiguities.

Quark-gluon vertex dressing and meson masses beyond ladder-rainbow truncation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matevosyan, Hrayr H.; Thomas, Anthony W.; Tandy, Peter C.

2007-01-01

We include a generalized infinite class of quark-gluon vertex dressing diagrams in a study of how dynamics beyond the ladder-rainbow truncation influences the Bethe-Salpeter description of light-quark pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The diagrammatic specification of the vertex is mapped into a corresponding specification of the Bethe-Salpeter kernel, which preserves chiral symmetry. This study adopts the algebraic format afforded by the simple interaction kernel used in previous work on this topic. The new feature of the present work is that in every diagram summed for the vertex and the corresponding Bethe-Salpeter kernel, each quark-gluon vertex is required to be the self-consistent vertex solution. We also adopt from previous work the effective accounting for the role of the explicitly non-Abelian three-gluon coupling in a global manner through one parameter determined from recent lattice-QCD data for the vertex. Within the current model, the more consistent dressed vertex limits the ladder-rainbow truncation error for vector mesons to be never more than 10% as the current quark mass is varied from the u/d region to the b region

Color-Kinematics Duality for QCD Amplitudes

CERN Document Server

Johansson, Henrik

2016-01-01

We show that color-kinematics duality is present in tree-level amplitudes of quantum chromodynamics with massive flavored quarks. Starting with the color structure of QCD, we work out a new color decomposition for n-point tree amplitudes in a reduced basis of primitive amplitudes. These primitives, with k quark-antiquark pairs and (n-2k) gluons, are taken in the (n-2)!/k! Melia basis, and are independent under the color-algebra Kleiss-Kuijf relations. This generalizes the color decomposition of Del Duca, Dixon, and Maltoni to an arbitrary number of quarks. The color coefficients in the new decomposition are given by compact expressions valid for arbitrary gauge group and representation. Considering the kinematic structure, we show through explicit calculations that color-kinematics duality holds for amplitudes with general configurations of gluons and massive quarks. The new (massive) amplitude relations that follow from the duality can be mapped to a well-defined subset of the familiar BCJ relations for gluo...

QCD corrections to Higgs-boson production at proton-proton colliders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Graudenz, D.; Zerwas, P.M.

1992-11-01

Gluon fusion is the main production mechanism for Higgs bosons with masses up to several hundred GeV in pp collisions at LHC and SSC. We present the QCD corrections to the fusion cross section for arbitrary Higgs and top mass values: gg → H(g), gq → Hq and qanti q → Hg. The QCD corrections are positive and they increase the cross section σ(pp → H) by about a factor 1.5 to 1.7. The analysis applies to the production of Higgs particles in the Standard Model and also to the production of the CP-even Higgs particles in extensions of the Higgs sector as required for example by supersymmetric theories. (orig.)

QCD Jets and particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions

CERN Document Server

Nguyen, Matthew

2017-01-01

Measurements of jets and particle correlations in nucleus-nucleus collisions are intended to probe QCD interactions in the high temperature phase, where matter is understood to behave as a quark-gluon plasma. Two probes are reviewed: jets which are used to study the energy loss of hard-scattered partons in this medium and particle correlations which are used to understand collective effects of the bulk matter. Whereas collisions of lighter systems, namely proton-ion and proton-proton, initially served primarily as control experiments, certain (but not all) effects first observed in nucleus-nucleus collisions have proven to be pervasive in these systems. Comparative measurements in these three systems have broadened our understanding of many-body QCD phenomena, and raised new questions. This talk reviewed these recent developments.

The Quark-Gluon Plasma Collective Dynamics and Hard Thermal Loops

CERN Document Server

Blaizot, J P; Blaizot, Jean-Paul; Iancu, Edmond

2002-01-01

We present a unified description of the high temperature phase of QCD, the so-called quark-gluon plasma, in a regime where the effective gauge coupling $g$ is sufficiently small to allow for weak coupling calculations. The main focuss is the construction of the effective theory for the collective excitations which develop at a typical scale $gT$, which is well separated from the typical energy of single particle excitations which is the temperature $T$. We show that the plasma particles provide a source for long wavelength oscillations of average fields which carry the quantum numbers of the plasma constituents, the quarks and the gluons. To leading order in $g$, the plasma particles obey simple gauge-covariant kinetic equations, whose derivation from the general Dyson-Schwinger equations is outlined. As a by-product, the ``hard thermal loops'' emerge naturally in a physically transparent framework. We show that the collective excitations can be described in terms of classical fields, and develop for these a ...

Finite temperature QCD corrections to lepton-pair formation in a quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Altherr, T.

1989-02-01

We discuss the O(α S ) corrections to lepton-pair production in a quark-gluon plasma in equilibrium. The corrections are found to be very small in the domain of interest for ultrarelativistic heavy ions collisions. Interesting effects, however, appear at the annihilation threshold of the thermalized quarks

The gluon Green's function in the BFKL approach at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersen, Jeppe R.; Sabio Vera, Agustin

2004-01-01

We investigate the gluon Green's function in the high energy limit of QCD using a recently proposed iterative solution of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) equation at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy. To establish the applicability of this method in the NLL approximation we solve the BFKL equation as originally written by Fadin and Lipatov, and compare the results with previous studies in the leading logarithmic (LL) approximation

T -matrix approach to quark-gluon plasma

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Shuai Y. F.; Rapp, Ralf

2018-03-01

A self-consistent thermodynamic T -matrix approach is deployed to study the microscopic properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), encompassing both light- and heavy-parton degrees of freedom in a unified framework. The starting point is a relativistic effective Hamiltonian with a universal color force. The input in-medium potential is quantitatively constrained by computing the heavy-quark (HQ) free energy from the static T -matrix and fitting it to pertinent lattice-QCD (lQCD) data. The corresponding T -matrix is then applied to compute the equation of state (EoS) of the QGP in a two-particle irreducible formalism, including the full off-shell properties of the selfconsistent single-parton spectral functions and their two-body interaction. In particular, the skeleton diagram functional is fully resummed to account for emerging bound and scattering states as the critical temperature is approached from above. We find that the solution satisfying three sets of lQCD data (EoS, HQ free energy, and quarkonium correlator ratios) is not unique. As limiting cases we discuss a weakly coupled solution, which features color potentials close to the free energy, relatively sharp quasiparticle spectral functions and weak hadronic resonances near Tc, and a strongly coupled solution with a strong color potential (much larger than the free energy), resulting in broad nonquasiparticle parton spectral functions and strong hadronic resonance states which dominate the EoS when approaching Tc.

Dynamical behavior connection of the gluon distribution and the proton structure function at small x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boroun, G.R.

2014-01-01

We make a critical study of the relationship between the singlet structure function F 2 S and the gluon distribution G(x,Q 2 ) proposed in the past two decades, which is frequently used to extract the gluon distribution from the proton structure function. We show that a simple relation is not generally valid in the simplest state. We complete this relation by using a Laplace transform method and hard-pomeron behavior at LO and NLO at small x. Our study shows that this relation is dependent on the splitting functions and initial conditions at Q 2 =Q 2 0 and running coupling constant at NLO. The resulting analytic expression allows us to predict the proton structure function with respect to the gluon distributions and to compare the results with H1 data and a QCD analysis fit. Comparisons with other results are made and predictions for the proposed best approach are also provided. (orig.)

One-dimensional model for QCD at high energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iancu, E.; Santana Amaral, J.T. de; Soyez, G.; Triantafyllopoulos, D.N.

2007-01-01

We propose a stochastic particle model in (1+1) dimensions, with one dimension corresponding to rapidity and the other one to the transverse size of a dipole in QCD, which mimics high-energy evolution and scattering in QCD in the presence of both saturation and particle-number fluctuations, and hence of pomeron loops. The model evolves via non-linear particle splitting, with a non-local splitting rate which is constrained by boost-invariance and multiple scattering. The splitting rate saturates at high density, so like the gluon emission rate in the JIMWLK evolution. In the mean field approximation obtained by ignoring fluctuations, the model exhibits the hallmarks of the BK equation, namely a BFKL-like evolution at low density, the formation of a traveling wave, and geometric scaling. In the full evolution including fluctuations, the geometric scaling is washed out at high energy and replaced by diffusive scaling. It is likely that the model belongs to the universality class of the reaction-diffusion process. The analysis of the model sheds new light on the pomeron loops equations in QCD and their possible improvements

Nearly perturbative lattice-motivated QCD coupling with zero IR limit

Science.gov (United States)

Ayala, César; Cvetič, Gorazd; Kögerler, Reinhart; Kondrashuk, Igor

2018-03-01

The product of the gluon dressing function and the square of the ghost dressing function in the Landau gauge can be regarded to represent, apart from the inverse power corrections 1/{Q}2n, a nonperturbative generalization { \\mathcal A }({Q}2) of the perturbative QCD running coupling a({Q}2) (\\equiv {α }s({Q}2)/π ). Recent large volume lattice calculations for these dressing functions indicate that the coupling defined in such a way goes to zero as { \\mathcal A }({Q}2)∼ {Q}2 when the squared momenta Q 2 go to zero ({Q}2\\ll 1 {GeV}}2). In this work we construct such a QCD coupling { \\mathcal A }({Q}2) which fulfills also various other physically motivated conditions. At high momenta it becomes the underlying perturbative coupling a({Q}2) to a very high precision. And at intermediate low squared momenta {Q}2∼ 1 {GeV}}2 it gives results consistent with the data of the semihadronic τ lepton decays as measured by OPAL and ALEPH. The coupling is constructed in a dispersive way, resulting as a byproduct in the holomorphic behavior of { \\mathcal A }({Q}2) in the complex Q 2-plane which reflects the holomorphic behavior of the spacelike QCD observables. Application of the Borel sum rules to τ-decay V + A spectral functions allows us to obtain values for the gluon (dimension-4) condensate and the dimension-6 condensate, which reproduce the measured OPAL and ALEPH data to a significantly better precision than the perturbative \\overline{MS}} coupling approach.

Quantitative constraints on the gluon distribution function in the proton from collider isolated-photon data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

D' Enterria, David, E-mail: dde@cern.ch [CERN, PH Department, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland); ICREA and ICC-UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain); Rojo, Juan [CERN, PH Department, TH Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)

2012-07-21

The impact of isolated-photon data from proton-(anti)proton collisions at RHIC, Spp{sup Macron }S, Tevatron and LHC energies, on the parton distribution functions of the proton is studied using a recently developed Bayesian reweighting method. The impact on the gluon density of the 35 existing isolated-{gamma} measurements is quantified using next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations complemented with the NNPDF2.1 parton densities. The NLO predictions are found to describe well most of the datasets from 200 GeV up to 7 TeV centre-of-mass energies. The isolated-photon spectra recently measured at the LHC are precise enough to constrain the gluon distribution and lead to a moderate reduction (up to 20%) of its uncertainties around fractional momenta x Almost-Equal-To 0.02. As a particular case, we show that the improved gluon density reduces the PDF uncertainty for the Higgs boson production cross section in the gluon-fusion channel by more than 20% at the LHC. We conclude that present and future isolated-photon measurements constitute an interesting addition to coming global PDF analyses.

Numerical evaluation of virtual corrections to multi-jet production in massless QCD

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Badger, S.; Yundin, V.; Biedermann, B.

2013-01-01

title: NJet. Catalogue identifier: AEPF_v1_0. Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPF_v1_0.html. Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland. Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3. No. of lines in distributed program......, including test data, etc.: 250047. No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2138947. Distribution format: tar.gz. Programming language: C++, Python. Computer: PC/Workstation. Operating system: No specific requirements - tested on Scientific Linux 5.2. and Mac OS X 10.......7.4. Classification: 11.5. External routines: QCDLoop (http://qcdloop.fnal.gov/), qd (http://crd.lbl.gov/dhbailey/mpdist/), both included in the distribution file. Nature of problem:. Evaluation of virtual corrections for multi-jet production in massless QCD. Solution method:. Purely numerical approach based on tree...

The three loop two-mass contribution to the gluon vacuum polarization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bluemlein, J.; Freitas, A. de; Schoenwald, K. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany); Schneider, C. [Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz (Austria). Research Inst. for Symbolic Computation (RISC)

2017-10-15

We calculate the two-mass contribution to the 3-loop vacuum polarization of the gluon in Quantum Chromodynamics at virtuality p{sup 2}=0 for general masses and also present the analogous result for the photon in Quantum Electrodynamics.

Scalar Glueball-Quarkonium Mixing and the Structure of the QCD Vacuum

CERN Document Server

Ellis, Jonathan Richard; Kharzeev, Dima E

1999-01-01

We use Ward identities of broken scale invariance to infer the amount of scalar glueball--$\\bar{q}q$ meson mixing from the ratio of quark and gluon condensates in the QCD vacuum. Assuming dominance by a single scalar state, as suggested by a phase-shift analysis, we find a mixing angle $\\gamma \\sim 36^{\\circ}$, corresponding to near-maximal mixing of the glueball and

Quark–hadron phase structure, thermodynamics, and magnetization of QCD matter

Science.gov (United States)

Nasser Tawfik, Abdel; Magied Diab, Abdel; Hussein, M. T.

2018-05-01

The SU(3) Polyakov linear-sigma model (PLSM) is systematically implemented to characterize the quark-hadron phase structure and to determine various thermodynamic quantities and the magnetization of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter. Using mean-field approximation, the dependence of the chiral order parameter on a finite magnetic field is also calculated. Under a wide range of temperatures and magnetic field strengths, various thermodynamic quantities including trace anomaly, speed of sound squared, entropy density, and specific heat are presented, and some magnetic properties are described as well. Where available these results are compared to recent lattice QCD calculations. The temperature dependence of these quantities confirms our previous finding that the transition temperature is reduced with the increase in the magnetic field strength, i.e. QCD matter is characterized by an inverse magnetic catalysis. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the magnetization showing that QCD matter has paramagnetic properties slightly below and far above the pseudo-critical temperature is confirmed as well. The excellent agreement with recent lattice calculations proves that our QCD-like approach (PLSM) seems to possess the correct degrees of freedom in both the hadronic and partonic phases and describes well the dynamics deriving confined hadrons to deconfined quark-gluon plasma.

Searching for beauty-fully bound tetraquarks using lattice nonrelativistic QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, Ciaran; Eichten, Estia; Davies, Christine T. H.

2018-03-01

Motivated by multiple phenomenological considerations, we perform the first search for the existence of a b ¯b ¯b b tetraquark bound state with a mass below the lowest noninteracting bottomonium-pair threshold using the first-principles lattice nonrelativistic QCD methodology. We use a full S -wave color/spin basis for the b ¯b ¯b b operators in the three 0++, 1+- and 2++ channels. We employ four gluon field ensembles at multiple lattice spacing values ranging from a =0.06 - 0.12 fm , all of which include u , d , s and c quarks in the sea, and one ensemble which has physical light-quark masses. Additionally, we perform novel exploratory work with the objective of highlighting any signal of a near threshold tetraquark, if it existed, by adding an auxiliary potential into the QCD interactions. With our results we find no evidence of a QCD bound tetraquark below the lowest noninteracting thresholds in the channels studied.

Gluons and the Quark Sea at High Energies: Distributions, Polarization, Tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boer, Daniel; /Groningen U.; Diehl, Markus; /DESY; Milner, Richard; /MIT; Venugopalan, Raju; /Brookhaven; Vogelsang, Werner; /Tubingen U.; Kaplan, David; /Washington U., Seattle; Montgomery, Hugh; /Jefferson Lab; Vigdor, Steven; /Brookhaven; Accardi, A.; /Jefferson Lab; Aschenauer, E.C.; /Brookhaven; Burkardt, M.; /New Mexico State U.; Ent, R.; /Jefferson Lab; Guzey, V.; /Jefferson Lab; Hasch, D.; /Frascati; Kumar, K.; /Massachusetts U., Amherst; Lamont, M.A.C.; /Brookhaven; Li, Ying-chuan; /Brookhaven; Marciano, W.; /Brookhaven; Marquet, C.; /CERN; Sabatie, F.; /IRFU, SPhN, Saclay; Stratmann, M.; /Brookhaven /LBL, Berkeley /Buenos Aires U. /Antwerp U. /Pelotas U. /Moncton U. /Santa Maria U., Valparaiso /CCTVal, Valparaiso /Hefei, CUST /Shandong U., Weihai /Boskovic Inst., Zagreb /Zagreb U., Phys. Dept. /Jyvaskyla U. /Orsay, LPT /Paris U., VI-VII /Ecole Polytechnique, CPHT /IRFU, SPhN, Saclay /Saclay, SPhT /Ruhr U., Bochum /Giessen U. /DESY /Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II /Heidelberg U. /Mainz U., Inst. Kernphys. /Mainz U., Inst. Phys. /Regensburg U. /Tubingen U. /Wuppertal U. /DESY /Cagliari U. /INFN, Cagliari /Frascati /Milan U. /INFN, Milan /INFN, Pavia /Pavia U. /INFN, Perugia /Perugia U.; /more authors..

2012-06-07

This report on the science case for an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is the result of a ten-week program at the Institute for Nuclear Theory (INT) in Seattle (from September 13-November 19, 2010), motivated by the need to develop a strong case for the continued study of the QCD description of hadron structure in the coming decades. Hadron structure in the valence quark region will be studied extensively with the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV science program, the subject of an INT program the previous year. The focus of the INT program was on understanding the role of gluons and sea quarks, the important dynamical degrees of freedom describing hadron structure at high energies. Experimentally, the most direct and precise way to access the dynamical structure of hadrons and nuclei at high energies is with a high luminosity lepton probe in collider mode. An EIC with optimized detectors offers enormous potential as the next generation accelerator to address many of the most important, open questions about the fundamental structure of matter. The goal of the INT program, as captured in the writeups in this report, was to articulate these questions and to identify golden experiments that have the greatest potential to provide definitive answers to these questions. At resolution scales where quarks and gluons become manifest as degrees of freedom, the structure of the nucleon and of nuclei is intimately connected with unique features of QCD dynamics, such as confinement and the self-coupling of gluons. Information on hadron sub-structure in DIS is obtained in the form of 'snapshots' by the 'lepton microscope' of the dynamical many-body hadron system, over different momentum resolutions and energy scales. These femtoscopic snapshots, at the simplest level, provide distribution functions which are extracted over the largest accessible kinematic range to assemble fundamental dynamical insight into hadron and nuclear sub-structure. For the proton, the EIC would be

QCD measurements with heavy quarks at LEP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maettig, P.

1991-10-01

Recent experimental results from LEP on strong interactions using heavy quarks are reviewed. By identifying bottom and charm decays, a model independent evidence for the string effect has been found together with a softer fragmentation function of gluons compared to quarks. The comparison of jet properties and the value of the strong coupling constant α s in bottom events and average events provides evidence for the flavour independence of QCD: α b0tt0m s /α s udsc = 1.00 ± 0.05 ± 0.06. The average scaled energy of charmed and bottom hadrons at Z 0 energies is found to be + )> = 0.507 +0.012 -0.015 ± 0.010 = 0.705 ± 0,008 ± 0.010. A comparison with results at lower c.m. energies exhibits significant scaling violations. These are interpreted in the context of various QCD calculations. (orig.)

Studies of jet production rates and tests of QCD on the Z0 resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bethke, S.

1990-01-01

Production rates of multijet hadronic final states of Z 0 boson decays are studied. They can be well described by analytic O(α s 2 ) QCD calculations with parameters as determined at lower energies. The data cannot be described by an abelian, QED-like vector gluon model. The QCD parameters Λsub(anti(MS)) and μ 2 are adjusted to describe the measured differential 2-jet invariant mass distribution. In second order QCD, including theoretical uncertainties due to the ambiguous choice of the renormalisation scale μ 2 , the result is Λ (5) sub(anti(MS)) = (80-450) MeV, which corresponds to α s (M Z 0 ) = 0.117 ± 0.015. Significant scaling violations are observed when the 3-jet fractions are compared to the corresponding results from smaller centre of mass energies, thus increasing, in good agreement with QCD, the evidence for a running coupling constant α s . (orig.)

A massive quasi-particle model of the SU(3) gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peshier, A.; Technische Univ. Dresden; Kaempfer, B.; Technische Univ. Dresden; Pavlenko, O.P.; AN Ukrainskoj SSR, Kiev; Soff, G.

1995-09-01

Recent SU(3) gauge field lattice data for the equation of state are interpreted by a quasi-particle model with effective thermal gluon masses. The model is motivated by lowest-order perturbative QCD and describes very well the data. The proposed quasi-particle approach can be applied to study color excitations in the non-perturbative regime. As an example we estimate the temperature dependence of the Debye screening mass and find that it declines sharply when approaching the confinement temperature from above, while the thermal mass continuously rises. (orig.)

Adler function from Re+e- (s) measurements: Experiments vs QCD theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kataev, A.L.

1999-06-01

An experimentally motivated QCD analysis of the behaviour of the Adler D-function in the Euclidian region is described. It is stressed that by taking account of b-quark mass-dependent α s 2 -effects one obtains better agreement between theoretical predictions and experimentally motivated behaviour of the D-function at large Euclidean momentum transfer. A more detailed analysis of QCD predictions, including information on quark and gluon condensates, requires more precise data on e + e - → hadrons, particularly in the energy regions E J/Ψ and M J/Ψ < E < 3.6 GeV. Use of experimental determination of the D-function to test the generalized Crewther relation is outlined. (author)

Dynamical gluon masses in perturbative calculations at the loop level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Machado, Fatima A.; Natale, Adriano A.

2013-01-01

Full text: In the phenomenology of strong interactions one always has to deal at some extent with the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative QCD. On one hand, the former has quite developed tools, yielded by asymptotic freedom. On the other, concerning the latter, we nowadays envisage the following scenario: 1) There are strong evidences for a dynamically massive gluon propagator and infrared finite coupling constant; 2) There is an extensive and successful use of an infrared finite coupling constant in phenomenological calculations at tree level; 3) The infrared finite coupling improves the perturbative series convergence; 4) The dynamical gluon mass provides a natural infrared cutoff in the physical processes at the tree level. Considering this scenario it is natural to ask how these non-perturbative results can be used in perturbative calculations of physical observables at the loop level. Recent papers discuss how off-shell gauge and renormalization group invariant Green functions can be computed with the use of the Pinch Technique (PT), with IR divergences removed by the dynamical gluon mass, and using a well defined effective charge. In this work we improve the former results by the authors, which evaluate 1-loop corrections to some two- and three-point functions of SU(3) pure Yang-Mills, investigating the dressing of quantities that could account for an extension of loop calculations to the infrared domain of the theory, in a way applicable to phenomenological calculations. One of these improvements is maintaining the gluon propagator transverse in such a scheme. (author)

On infrared and mass singularities of perturbative QCD in a quark-gluon plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Altherr, T.; Aurenche, P.; Becherrawy, T.

1988-07-01

We discuss the radiative corrections to the production of lepton pairs in a quark-gluon plasma at finite temperature. The real-time formalism is used throughout the calculations. We show that both infrared and mass singularities cancel in the final result. In contrast to the zero-temperature case, no factorization theorem is required to deal with mass singularities

Gluon polarization in the nucleon from quasi-real photoproduction of high-pT hadron pairs

CERN Document Server

Ageev, E S; Alexandrov, Yu A; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Badelek, B; Balestra, F; Ball, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Berglund, P; Bernet, C; Bertini, R; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, Franco; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Brona, G; Burtin, E; Bussa, M P; Bychkov, V N; Cerini, L; Chapiro, A; Cicuttin, A; Colantoni, M L; Colavita, A A; Costa, S; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Das-Gupta, S S; Dedek, N; De Masi, R; Denisov, O Yu; Dhara, L; Díaz, V; Dinkelbach, A M; Dolgopolov, A V; Donskov, S V; Dorofeev, V A; Doshita, N; Duic, V; Dünnweber, W; Ehlers, J; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Fabro, M; Faessler, Martin A; Falaleev, V; Fauland, P; Ferrero, A; Ferrero, L; Finger, Miroslav H; Finger, M Jr; Fischer, H; Franz, J; Friedrich, J M; Frolov, V; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gerassimov, S G; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gobbo, B; Görtz, S; Gorin, A M; Grajek, O A; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Grünemaier, A; Hannappel, J; Von Harrach, D; Hasegawa, T; Hedicke, S; Heinsius, F H; Hermann, R; Hess, C; Hinterberger, F; Von Hodenberg, M; Horikawa, N; Horikawa, S; D'Hose, N; Ijaduola, R B; Ilgner, C; Ioukaev, A I; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Janata, A; Joosten, R; Jouravlev, N I; Kabuss, E M; Kalinnikov, V; Kang, D; Karstens, F; Kastaun, W; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu A; Khomutov, N V; Kisselev, Yu V; Klein, F; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Komissarov, E V; Kondo, K; Königsmann, K C; Konoplyannikov, A K; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korentchenko, A S; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Koutchinski, N A; Kowalik, K L; Kravchuk, N P; Krivokhizhin, V G; Krumshtein, Z; Kühn, R; Kunne, Fabienne; Kurek, K; Ladygin, M E; Lamanna, M; Leberig, M; Le Goff, J M; Lichtenstadt, J; Liska, T; Ludwig, I; Maggiora, A; Maggiora, M; Magnon, A; Mallot, G K; Manuilov, I V; Marchand, C; Marroncle, J; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Matsuda, T; Maksimov, A N; Medved, K S; Meyer, W; Mielech, A; Mikhailov, Yu V; Moinester, M A; Nahle, O; Nassalski, J P; Neliba, S; Neyret, D P; Nikolaenko, V I; Nozdrin, A A; Obraztsov, V F; Olshevskii, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Pagano, P; Panebianco, S; Panzieri, D; Paul, S; Pereira, H D; Peshekhonov, V D; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Platzer, K; Pochodzalla, J; Polyakov, V A; Popov, A A; Pretz, J; Procureur, S; Quintans, C; Ramos, S; Rebourgeard, P C; Reicherz, G; Reymann, J; Rith, K; Rondio, Ewa; Rozhdestvensky, A M; Sadovski, A B; Saller, E; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Sans, M; Sapozhnikov, M G; Savin, I A; Schiavon, Paolo; Schill, C; Schmidt, T; Schmitt, H; Schmitt, L; Shevchenko, O Yu; Shishkin, A A; Siebert, H W; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Skachkova, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Stinzing, F; Stolarski, M; Sugonyaev, V P; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Takabayashi, N; Tchalishev, V V; Tessarotto, F; Teufel, A; Thers, D; Tkatchev, L G; Toeda, T; Tretyak, V I; Trousov, S; Varanda, M; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Wagner, M; Webb, R; Weise, E; Weitzel, Q; Wiedner, U; Wiesmann, M; Windmolders, R; Wirth, S; Wislicki, W; Zanetti, A M; Zaremba, K; Zhao, J; Ziegler, R; Zvyagin, A

2006-01-01

We present a determination of the gluon polarization Delta G/G in the nucleon, based on the helicity asymmetry of quasi-real photoproduction events, Q^2 = 0.002 +- 0.019(stat.) +- 0.003(syst.). From this value, we obtain in a leading-order QCD analysis Delta G/G=0.024 +- 0.089(stat.) +- 0.057(syst.) at x_g = 0.095 and mu^2 =~ 3 (GeV}/c)^2.

Finite temperature QCD sum rule and the ρ-meson

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jueping; Jin Yaping

1995-01-01

The contributions from the three-gluon condensates to the finite temperature QCD sum rule for the ρ-meson are calculated, and then the dependence of the properties of the ρ-meson upon temperature is investigated in a string model of condensates. The results show that the parameters characterizing the properties of the ρ-meson change noticeably when the temperature closes to the critical temperature of the condensates, and if the critical temperatures of condensates are the same

Peripheral processes 2 → 3 and 2 → 4 in QED and QCD in p-p-bar high-energy collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmadov, A. I.; Bystritskiy, Yu. M.; Kuraev, E. A.

2011-01-01

Differential cross sections of processes with high-energy p(-p)p collisions—creation of a scalar, a pseudoscalar and a lepton pair—are considered in the Weizsacker-Williams approximation in QED in the QCD framework, processes with conversion of the initial proton (antiproton) to fermionic jets accompanied with one gluon jet and the state of two gluons and a quark-antiquark pair (without a rapidity gap) are considered in the framework of the effective Regge action of Lipatov’s theory. The process of creation of a Higgs boson accompanied with two fermionic jets is considered. The azimuthal correlation in the process of two gluon jets separated by a rapidity gap is investigated. The gluon Reggeization effects are taken into account. Some distributions are illustrated by numerical calculations.

Diffractive hard photoproduction at HERA and evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Derrick, M.; Krakauer, D.; Magill, S.

1995-01-01

Inclusive jet cross sections for events with a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction from the reaction ep→jet+X with quasi-real photons have been measured with the ZEUS detector. The cross sections refer to jets with transverse energies E T jet >8 GeV. The data show the characteristics of a diffractive process mediated by pomeron exchange. Assuming that the events are due to the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure, the quark and gluon content of the pomeron is probed at a scale ∼(E T jet ) 2 . A comparison of the measurements with model predictions based on QCD plus Regge phenomenology requires a contribution of partons with a hard momentum density in the pomeron. A combined analysis of the jet cross sections and recent ZEUS measurements of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering gives the first experimental evidence for the gluon content of the pomeron in diffractive hard scattering processes. The data indicate that between 30% and 80% of the momentum of the pomeron carried by partons is due to hard gluons. (orig.)

Measurements of gluon spin-sensitive quantities at the Z⁰ resonance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fan, Cheng -Gang [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

1993-10-01

Measurements have been made of the scaled jet energies (x₁, x₂, x₃) and the Ellis-Karliner angle (cosθ_EK), which are sensitive to the spill of the gluon, in the 3-jet hadronic events from the e⁺e^- annihilation at the Z⁰ resonance. The experiment is performed with the SLD detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The data used in this analysis was collected during the 1992 physics run, which includes 10,252 hadronic Z⁰ events that have CDC information written out. Only charged tracks measured in the central drift chamber are used for the measurements of the above variables. The raw data are found to be in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations passing the same set of track and event selection cuts. A bin-to-bin correction is done for the distributions of x₁, x₂, x₃, and cosθ_EK to account for the effects of hadronization, detector acceptance and resolution. The corrected data is compared to the parton level distributions of x₁, x₂, x₃, and cosθ_EK simulated from the vector QCD model and the scalar gluon model respectively. The systematic errors, calculated for all the bins in these distributions, are obtained by comparing the results from different sets of track and event selection cuts, from different hadronization models and from different Monte Carlo programs. Good agreement is found between data and the vector QCD model. The scalar gluon model strongly disagrees with the data.

J/ψ-hadron correlation at LHC energy to study the production mechanism of J/ψ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alam, Noor; Chattopadhyay, Subhasis

2015-01-01

In high-energy collisions, production of heavy qaurkonium is an important tool to study the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative QCD dynamics. In nucleus-nucleus collisions, production of heavy quarks from the hard scattering processes follow the perturbative QCD and the subsequent formation of bound states follows the non-perturbative process. Production cross section can therefore be factorized into two factors. The first factor is the production of heavy quark c¯ and an antiquark c¯ from hard collisions of incident particles. In the hard scattering process, participants can be gluon from one nucleon interacting with the gluon from another nucleon or a quark from one nucleon interacting an antiquark from other nucleon via the formation of an intermediate virtual gluon. Contribution of gluon fusion is believed to be higher compared to the quark-antiquark annihilation process. Production of unbound cc¯ pair from the hard scattering process is concerned with the short distance part of the production process in perturbative QCD. The second part is the formation of bound state of cc¯ pair which can be specified by phenomenological model of J/ψ formation

Spin correlations in the Drell–Yan process, parton entanglement, and other unconventional QCD effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nachtmann, O., E-mail: O.Nachtmann@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de

2014-11-15

We review ideas on the structure of the QCD vacuum which had served as motivation for the discussion of various non-standard QCD effects in high-energy reactions in articles from 1984 to 1995. These effects include, in particular, transverse-momentum and spin correlations in the Drell–Yan process and soft photon production in hadron–hadron collisions. We discuss the relation of the approach introduced in the above-mentioned articles to the approach, developed later, using transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TDMs). The latter approach is a special case of our more general one which allows for parton entanglement in high-energy reactions. We discuss signatures of parton entanglement in the Drell–Yan reaction. Also for Higgs-boson production in pp collisions via gluon–gluon annihilation effects of entanglement of the two gluons are discussed and are found to be potentially important. These effects can be looked for in the current LHC experiments. In our opinion studying parton-entanglement effects in high-energy reactions is, on the one hand, very worthwhile by itself and, on the other hand, it allows to perform quantitative tests of standard factorisation assumptions. Clearly, the experimental observation of parton-entanglement effects in the Drell–Yan reaction and/or in Higgs-boson production would have a great impact on our understanding how QCD works in high-energy collisions.

Confinement in Polyakov gauge and the QCD phase diagram

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marhauser, Marc Florian

2009-10-14

We investigate Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in the framework of the functional renormalisation group (fRG). Thereby describing the phase transition from the phase with confined quarks into the quark-gluon-plasma phase. We focus on a physical gauge in which the mechanism driving the phase transition is discernible. We find results compatible with lattice QCD data, as well as with functional methods applied in different gauges. The phase transition is of the expected order and we computed critical exponents. Extensions of the model are discussed. When investigating the QCD phase diagram, we compute the effects of dynamical quarks at finite density on the running of the gauge coupling. Additionally, we calculate how these affect the deconfinement phase transition, also, dynamical quarks allow for the inclusion of a finite chemical potential. Concluding the investigation of the phase diagram, we establish a relation between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, which is tied to the dynamical generation of hadron masses. In the investigations, we often encounter scale dependent fields. We investigate a footing on which these can be dealt with in a uniform way. (orig.)

The nucleon spin and momentum decomposition using lattice QCD simulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alexandrou, C.; Cyprus Univ., Nicosia; Constantinou, M.; Hadjiyiannakou, K.; Kallidonis, C.; Koutsou, G.; Jansen, K.; Wiese, K.; Vaquero Aviles-Casco, A.

2017-11-01

We determine within lattice QCD, the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks, and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that the total angular momentum carried by the quarks in the nucleon is J u+d+s =0.408(61) stat. (48) syst. and the gluon contribution is J g =0.133(11) stat. (14) syst. giving a total of J N =0.54(6) stat. (5) syst. consistent with the spin sum. For the quark intrinsic spin contribution we obtain (1)/(2)ΔΣ u+d+s =0.201(17) stat. (5) syst. All quantities are given in the MS scheme at 2 GeV. The quark and gluon momentum fractions are also computed and add up to left angle x right angle u+d+s + left angle x right angle g =0.804(121) stat. (95) syst. +0.267(12) stat. (10) syst. =1.07(12) stat. (10) syst. satisfying the momentum sum.

Search for ({lambda}{sup 2})/p{sup 2} corrections to the QCD running coupling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burgio, G.; Di Renzo, F.; Parrinello, C.; Pittori, C

1999-03-01

We investigate the occurrence of power terms ({lambda}{sup 2})/p>{sup 2} in the running QCD coupling by analysing non-perturbative measurements of {alpha}{sub s}(p) at quite low momenta obtained from the lattice three-gluon vertex. Our study provides some evidence for such a contribution. The phenomenological implications of such a presence are reviewed.

QCD Tests Using b-bbar-g Events and a new Measurement of the B Hadron Energy Distribution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muller, David

1998-10-02

We present new studies of 3-jet final states from hadronic Z⁰ decays recorded by the SLD experiment, in which jets are identified as quark, anatiquark or gluon. our gluon energy spectrum, measured over the full kinematic range, is consistent with the predictions of QCD, and we derive a limit on an anomalous chromomagnetic bbg coupling. We measure the parity violation in Z⁰ decays into b anti-bg to be consistent with the predictions of electroweak theory and QCD, and perform new tests of T- and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex. We also present a new technique for reconstructing the energy of a B hadron using the set of charged tracks attached to a secondary vertex. The B hadron energy spectrum is measured over the full kinematic range, allowing improved tests of predictions for the shape of the spectrum. The average scaled energy is measured to be B>=0.719 +/-0.005(stat.)

Phenomena at the QCD phase transition in nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics (NχFD)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nahrgang, Marlene [Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, NC (United States); Herold, Christoph [Suranaree University of Technology, School of Physics, Nakhon Ratchasima (Thailand)

2016-08-15

Heavy-ion collisions performed in the beam energy range accessible by the NICA collider facility are expected to produce systems of extreme net-baryon densities and can thus reach yet unexplored regions of the QCD phase diagram. Here, one expects the phase transition between the plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons and the hadronic matter to be of first order. A discovery of the first-order phase transition would as well prove the existence of the QCD critical point, a landmark in the phase diagram. In order to understand possible signals of the first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collision experiments it is very important to develop dynamical models of the phase transition. Here, we discuss the opportunities of studying dynamical effects at the QCD first-order phase transition within our model of nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics. (orig.)

QCD inspired bag model of quarkonium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasenfratz, P.; Horgan, R.R.; Kuti, J.; Richard, J.M.

1981-01-01

The QCD motivated bag model is applied to heavy quark-antiquark systems. The effect of colored glue in the model is shown to explain the rapid cross-over of the static QQ potential from the asymptotically free Coulomb region into the linear confinement regime. The spin-dependent force between static quarks is derived in Coulomb gauge from the exchange of a confined transverse gluon. The dimensional bag parameter Λ/sub B/ = 235 MeV and the quark-gluon coupling constant α = 0.38 as defined at r/sub QQ/approx.0.2 fermi are determined from a good fit of the cc-bar and bb-bar spectra. The fit is in serious disagreement with the widely accepted MIT parameters. As an important test of our model, we calculate the rich spectrum of QQ glue states. In UPSILON particle spectroscopy we predict a narrow QQ glue state with exotic quantum numbers J/sup PC/ = 1 -+ below the BB threshold. Its experimental confirmation would be the first direct evidence for colored glue in the hadron spectrum

QCD inspired bag model of quarkonium

CERN Document Server

Hasenfratz, Peter; Kuti, Julius; Richard, J M

1981-01-01

The QCD motivated bag model is applied to heavy quark-antiquark systems. The effect of colored glue in the model is shown to explain the rapid cross-over of the static QQ potential from the asymptotically free Coulomb region into the linear confinement regime. The spin-dependent force between static quarks is derived in Coulomb gauge from the exchange of a confined transverse gluon. The dimensional bag parameter Lambda /sub B/=235 MeV and the quark-gluon coupling constant alpha =0.38 as defined at r/sub QQ/ approximately 0.2 fermi are determined from a good fit of the cc and bb spectra. The fit is in serious disagreement with the widely accepted MIT parameters. As an important test of their model, the authors calculate the rich spectrum of QQ glue states. In Upsilon particle spectroscopy they predict a narrow QQglue state with exotic quantum numbers J/sup PC/=1/sup -+/ below the BB threshold. Its experimental confirmation would be the first direct evidence for colored glue in the hadron spectrum. (3 refs).

QCD dipole prediction for dis and diffractive structure functions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Royon, CH.

1996-01-01

The F 2 , F G , R = F L /F T proton structure functions are derived in the QCD dipole picture of BFKL dynamics. We get a three parameter fit describing the 1994 H1 proton structure function F 2 data in the low x, moderate Q 2 range. Without any additional parameter, the gluon density and the longitudinal structure functions are predicted. The diffractive dissociation processes are also discussed, and a new prediction for the proton diffractive structure function is obtained. (author)

KLT-type relations for QCD and bicolor amplitudes from color-factor symmetry

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Robert W.; Naculich, Stephen G.

2018-03-01

Color-factor symmetry is used to derive a KLT-type relation for tree-level QCD amplitudes containing gluons and an arbitrary number of massive or massless quark-antiquark pairs, generalizing the expression for Yang-Mills amplitudes originally postulated by Bern, De Freitas, and Wong. An explicit expression is given for all amplitudes with two or fewer quark-antiquark pairs in terms of the (modified) momentum kernel. We also introduce the bicolor scalar theory, the "zeroth copy" of QCD, containing massless biadjoint scalars and massive bifundamental scalars, generalizing the biadjoint scalar theory of Cachazo, He, and Yuan. We derive KLT-type relations for tree-level amplitudes of biadjoint and bicolor theories using the color-factor symmetry possessed by these theories.

Baryon scattering at high energies. Wave function, impact factor, and gluon radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartels, J.; Motyka, L.; Jagellonian Univ., Krakow

2007-11-01

The scattering of a baryon consisting of three massive quarks is investigated in the high energy limit of perturbative QCD. A model of a relativistic proton-like wave function, dependent on valence quark longitudinal and transverse momenta and on quark helicities, is proposed, and we derive the baryon impact factors for two, three and four t-channel gluons. We find that the baryonic impact factor can be written as a sum of three pieces: in the first one a subsystem consisting of two of the three quarks behaves very much like the quark-antiquark pair in γ * scattering, whereas the third quark acts as a spectator. The second term belongs to the odderon, whereas in the third (C-even) piece all three quarks participate in the scattering. This term is new and has no analogue in γ * scattering. We also study the small x evolution of gluon radiation for each of these three terms. The first term follows the same pattern of gluon radiation as the γ * -initiated quark-antiquark dipole, and, in particular, it contains the BFKL evolution followed by the 2→4 transition vertex (triple Pomeron vertex). The odderon-term is described by the standard BKP evolution, and the baryon couples to both known odderon solutions, the Janik-Wosiek solution and the BLV solution. Finally, the t-channel evolution of the third term starts with a three reggeized gluon state which then, via a new 3→4 transition vertex, couples to the four gluon (two-Pomeron) state. We briefly discuss a few consequences of these findings, in particular the pattern of unitarization of high energy baryon scattering amplitudes. (orig.)

Baryon scattering at high energies. Wave function, impact factor, and gluon radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bartels, J. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Motyka, L. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik]|[Jagellonian Univ., Krakow (Poland). Inst. of Physics

2007-11-15

The scattering of a baryon consisting of three massive quarks is investigated in the high energy limit of perturbative QCD. A model of a relativistic proton-like wave function, dependent on valence quark longitudinal and transverse momenta and on quark helicities, is proposed, and we derive the baryon impact factors for two, three and four t-channel gluons. We find that the baryonic impact factor can be written as a sum of three pieces: in the first one a subsystem consisting of two of the three quarks behaves very much like the quark-antiquark pair in {gamma}{sup *} scattering, whereas the third quark acts as a spectator. The second term belongs to the odderon, whereas in the third (C-even) piece all three quarks participate in the scattering. This term is new and has no analogue in {gamma}{sup *} scattering. We also study the small x evolution of gluon radiation for each of these three terms. The first term follows the same pattern of gluon radiation as the {gamma}{sup *}-initiated quark-antiquark dipole, and, in particular, it contains the BFKL evolution followed by the 2{yields}4 transition vertex (triple Pomeron vertex). The odderon-term is described by the standard BKP evolution, and the baryon couples to both known odderon solutions, the Janik-Wosiek solution and the BLV solution. Finally, the t-channel evolution of the third term starts with a three reggeized gluon state which then, via a new 3{yields}4 transition vertex, couples to the four gluon (two-Pomeron) state. We briefly discuss a few consequences of these findings, in particular the pattern of unitarization of high energy baryon scattering amplitudes. (orig.)

One-loop QCD and Higgs bosons to partons processes using six-dimensional helicity and generalized unitarity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davies, Scott

2011-01-01

We combine the six-dimensional helicity formalism of Cheung and O'Connell with D-dimensional generalized unitarity to obtain a new formalism for computing one-loop amplitudes in dimensionally regularized QCD. With this procedure, we simultaneously obtain the pieces that are constructible from four-dimensional unitarity cuts and the rational pieces that are missed by them, while retaining a helicity formalism. We illustrate the procedure using four- and five-point one-loop amplitudes in QCD, including examples with external fermions. We also demonstrate the technique's effectiveness in next-to-leading order QCD corrections to Higgs processes by computing the next-to-leading order correction to the Higgs plus three positive-helicity gluons amplitude in the large top-quark mass limit.

Implications of QCD radiative corrections on high-pT Higgs searches

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banfi, Andrea; Cancino, Julián

2012-01-01

We discuss the effect of next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the Higgsstrahlung process, where the Higgs boson decays to bottom quarks, using a partonic-level fully differential code. First we evaluate the impact of initial- and final-state gluon radiation on the reconstruction of a mass peak with the fat-jet analysis in the boosted regime at the LHC with √(s)=14 TeV as proposed in Butterworth et al. (2008). We then consider the current CMS search strategy for this channel and compare it to the fat-jet procedure at the LHC with √(s)=8 TeV. Both studies show that final-state QCD radiation has a sizeable effect and should be taken properly into account.

Introduction to non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics; Introduction a QCD non perturbatif

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pene, O. [Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France). Lab. de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies

1995-12-31

Quantum chromodynamics is considered to be the theory of strong interaction. The main peculiarity of this theory is that its asymptotic states (hadrons) are different from its elementary fields (quarks and gluons). This property plays a great part in any physical process involving small momentum-energy transfers. In such a range perturbative methods are no longer allowed. This work focuses on other tools such as QCD symmetry, the quark model, Green functions and the sum rules. To get hadron characteristics numerically, QCD on lattices is used but only in the case of simple process involving no more than one hadron in the initial and final states because of the complexity of the Green function. Some examples using a Monte-Carlo simulation are given. (A.C.) 39 refs.

QCD analysis of polarized deep inelastic scattering data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bluemlein, Johannes; Boettcher, Helmut

2010-05-01

A QCD analysis of the world data on polarized deep inelastic scattering is presented in next-to-leading order, including the heavy flavor Wilson coefficient in leading order in the fixed flavor number scheme. New parameterizations are derived for the quark and gluon distributions and the value of α s (M z 2 ) is determined. The impact of the variation of both the renormalization and factorization scales on the distributions and the value of α s is studied. We obtain α s NLO (M Z 2 )=0.1132 -0.0095 +0.0056 . The first moments of the polarized twist-2 parton distribution functions are calculated with correlated errors to allow for comparisons with results from lattice QCD simulations. Potential higher twist contributions to the structure function g 1 (x,Q 2 ) are determined and found to be compatible with zero both for proton and deuteron targets. (orig.)

Light-cone quantization and QCD phenomenology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodsky, S.J.; Robertson, D.G.

1995-01-01

In principle, quantum chromodynamics provides a fundamental description of hadronic and nuclear structure and dynamics in terms of their elementary quark and gluon degrees of freedom. In practice, the direct application of QCD to reactions involving the structure of hadrons is extremely complex because of the interplay of nonperturbative effects such as color confinement and multi-quark coherence. A crucial tool in analyzing such phenomena is the use of relativistic light-cone quantum mechanics and Fock state methods to provide tractable and consistent treatments of relativistic many-body systems. In this article we present an overview of this formalism applied to QCD, focusing in particular on applications to the final states in deep inelastic lepton scattering that will be relevant for the proposed European Laboratory for Electrons (ELFE), HERMES, HERA, SLAC, and CEBAF. We begin with a brief introduction to light-cone field theory, stressing how it many allow the derivation of a constituent picture, analogous to the constituent quark model, from QCD. We then discuss several applications of the light-cone Fock state formalism to QCD phenomenology. The Fock state representation includes all quantum fluctuations of the hadron wavefunction, including far off-shell configurations such as intrinsic charm and, in the case of nuclei, hidden color. In some applications, such as exclusive processes at large momentum transfer, one can make first-principle predictions using factorization theorems which separate the hard perturbative dynamics from the nonpertubative physics associated with hadron binding. The Fock state components of the hadron with small transverse size, which dominate hard exclusive reactions, have small color dipole moments and thus diminished hadronic interactions. Thus QCD predicts minimal absorptive corrections, i.e., color transparency for quasi-elastic exclusive reactions in nuclear targets at large momentum transfer

The infrared behaviour of QCD Green's functions. Confinement, dynamical symmetry breaking, and hadrons as relativistic bound states

Science.gov (United States)

Alkofer, Reinhard; von Smekal, Lorenz

2001-11-01

Recent studies of QCD Green's functions and their applications in hadronic physics are reviewed. We discuss the definition of the generating functional in gauge theories, in particular, the rôle of redundant degrees of freedom, possibilities of a complete gauge fixing versus gauge fixing in presence of Gribov copies, BRS invariance and positivity. The apparent contradiction between positivity and colour antiscreening in combination with BRS invariance in QCD is considered. Evidence for the violation of positivity by quarks and transverse gluons in the covariant gauge is collected, and it is argued that this is one manifestation of confinement. We summarise the derivation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) of QED and QCD. For the latter, the implications of BRS invariance on the Green's functions are explored. The possible influence of instantons on DSEs is discussed in a two-dimensional model. In QED in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions, the solutions for Green's functions provide tests of truncation schemes which can under certain circumstances be extended to the DSEs of QCD. We discuss some limitations of such extensions and assess the validity of assumptions for QCD as motivated from studies in QED. Truncation schemes for DSEs are discussed in axial and related gauges, as well as in the Landau gauge. Furthermore, we review the available results from a systematic non-perturbative expansion scheme established for Landau gauge QCD. Comparisons to related lattice results, where available, are presented. The applications of QCD Green's functions to hadron physics are summarised. Properties of ground state mesons are discussed on the basis of the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation for quarks and antiquarks. The Goldstone nature of pseudoscalar mesons and a mechanism for diquark confinement beyond the ladder approximation are reviewed. We discuss some properties of ground state baryons based on their description as Bethe-Salpeter/Faddeev bound states of quark

Transverse momentum distributions inside the nucleon from lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Musch, Bernhard Ulrich

2009-05-29

Nucleons, i.e., protons and neutrons, are composed of quarks and gluons, whose interactions are described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), part of the standard model of particle physics. This work applies lattice QCD to compute quark momentum distributions in the nucleon. The calculations make use of lattice data generated on supercomputers that has already been successfully employed in lattice studies of spatial quark distributions (''nucleon tomography''). In order to be able to analyze transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, this thesis explores a novel approach based on non-local operators. One interesting observation is that the transverse momentum dependent density of polarized quarks in a polarized nucleon is visibly deformed. A more elaborate operator geometry is required to enable a quantitative comparison to high energy scattering experiments. First steps in this direction are encouraging. (orig.)

HIGH DENSITY QCD WITH HEAVY-IONS

CERN Multimedia

The Addendum 1 to Volume 2 of the CMS Physics TDR has been published The Heavy-Ion analysis group completed the writing of a TDR summarizing the CMS plans in using heavy ion collisions to study high density QCD. The document was submitted to the LHCC in March and presented in the Open Session of the LHCC on May 9th. The study of heavy-ion physics at the LHC is promising to be very exciting. LHC will open a new energy frontier in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion physics. The collision energy of heavy nuclei at sNN = 5.5 TeV will be thirty times larger than what is presently available at RHIC. We will certainly probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research programme is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x). Such studies, with impressive experimental and theoretical advances in recent years thanks to the wealth of high-qua...

Heavy-quark pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-leading O(α4s) order. One-loop squared contributions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kniehl, B.A.; Merebashvili, Z.

2008-09-01

We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading order O(α 4 s ) one-loop squared corrections to the production of heavy quark pairs in the gluon-gluon fusion process. Together with the previously derived results on the q anti q production channel the results of this paper complete the calculation of the oneloop squared contributions of the next-to-next-to-leading order O(α 4 s ) radiative QCD corrections to the hadroproduction of heavy flavours. Our results, with the full mass dependence retained, are presented in a closed and very compact form, in dimensional regularization. (orig.)

QCD-instantons at LHC. Theoretical aspects; QCD-Instantonen am LHC. Theoretische Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petermann, M.

2007-06-15

Instantons are nonperturbative, topologically nontrivial field configurations, which occur in every nonabelian gauge theory. They can be understood as tunneling processes between topologically distinct vacua. Although being a basic theoretical aspect of the Standard Model, a direct experimental verification of instanton processes is still lacking. In this thesis the general discovery potential for QCD-instantons at the LHC is studied in detail by means of instanton perturbation theory. In this context the close correspondence between the leading instanton induced processes at HERA and at LHC becomes important. Essential aspects and differences to deep inelastic scattering can already be revealed by studying the simplest process. Based on these results inclusive cross sections are calculated including the emission of final state gluons. Compared to deep inelastic scattering, a large enhancement of the cross section is found. (orig.)

Excluding scalar gluons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koller, K.; Krasemann, H.

1979-08-01

We investigate the Dalitz plot population and thrust angular distribution for the Orthoquarkonium decay Q anti Q → 3 scalar gluons. The Dalitz plot for scalar gluons is populated in corners where events are 2 jet like and this disagrees with existing Upsilon data. The scalar gluon thrust angular distribution is also in striking disagreement with the UPSILON data and so scalar gluons are completely ruled out. (orig.)

QCD and Light-Front Holography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; de Teramond, Guy F.; /Costa Rica U.

2010-10-27

The soft-wall AdS/QCD model, modified by a positive-sign dilaton metric, leads to a remarkable one-parameter description of nonperturbative hadron dynamics. The model predicts a zero-mass pion for zero-mass quarks and a Regge spectrum of linear trajectories with the same slope in the leading orbital angular momentum L of hadrons and the radial quantum number N. Light-Front Holography maps the amplitudes which are functions of the fifth dimension variable z of anti-de Sitter space to a corresponding hadron theory quantized on the light front. The resulting Lorentz-invariant relativistic light-front wave equations are functions of an invariant impact variable {zeta} which measures the separation of the quark and gluonic constituents within the hadron at equal light-front time. The result is to a semi-classical frame-independent first approximation to the spectra and light-front wavefunctions of meson and baryon light-quark bound states, which in turn predict the behavior of the pion and nucleon form factors. The theory implements chiral symmetry in a novel way: the effects of chiral symmetry breaking increase as one goes toward large interquark separation, consistent with spectroscopic data, and the the hadron eigenstates generally have components with different orbital angular momentum; e.g., the proton eigenstate in AdS/QCD with massless quarks has L = 0 and L = 1 light-front Fock components with equal probability. The soft-wall model also predicts the form of the non-perturbative effective coupling {alpha}{sub s}{sup AdS} (Q) and its {beta}-function which agrees with the effective coupling {alpha}{sub g1} extracted from the Bjorken sum rule. The AdS/QCD model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD light-front Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann-Schwinger method in order to systematically include the QCD interaction terms. A new perspective on quark and gluon condensates is also reviewed.

Disconnected Diagrams in Lattice QCD

Science.gov (United States)

Gambhir, Arjun Singh

In this work, we present state-of-the-art numerical methods and their applications for computing a particular class of observables using lattice quantum chromodynamics (Lattice QCD), a discretized version of the fundamental theory of quarks and gluons. These observables require calculating so called "disconnected diagrams" and are important for understanding many aspects of hadron structure, such as the strange content of the proton. We begin by introducing the reader to the key concepts of Lattice QCD and rigorously define the meaning of disconnected diagrams through an example of the Wick contractions of the nucleon. Subsequently, the calculation of observables requiring disconnected diagrams is posed as the computationally challenging problem of finding the trace of the inverse of an incredibly large, sparse matrix. This is followed by a brief primer of numerical sparse matrix techniques that overviews broadly used methods in Lattice QCD and builds the background for the novel algorithm presented in this work. We then introduce singular value deflation as a method to improve convergence of trace estimation and analyze its effects on matrices from a variety of fields, including chemical transport modeling, magnetohydrodynamics, and QCD. Finally, we apply this method to compute observables such as the strange axial charge of the proton and strange sigma terms in light nuclei. The work in this thesis is innovative for four reasons. First, we analyze the effects of deflation with a model that makes qualitative predictions about its effectiveness, taking only the singular value spectrum as input, and compare deflated variance with different types of trace estimator noise. Second, the synergy between probing methods and deflation is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Third, we use the synergistic combination of deflation and a graph coloring algorithm known as hierarchical probing to conduct a lattice calculation of light disconnected matrix elements

Disconnected Diagrams in Lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gambhir, Arjun [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)

2017-08-01

In this work, we present state-of-the-art numerical methods and their applications for computing a particular class of observables using lattice quantum chromodynamics (Lattice QCD), a discretized version of the fundamental theory of quarks and gluons. These observables require calculating so called \\disconnected diagrams" and are important for understanding many aspects of hadron structure, such as the strange content of the proton. We begin by introducing the reader to the key concepts of Lattice QCD and rigorously define the meaning of disconnected diagrams through an example of the Wick contractions of the nucleon. Subsequently, the calculation of observables requiring disconnected diagrams is posed as the computationally challenging problem of finding the trace of the inverse of an incredibly large, sparse matrix. This is followed by a brief primer of numerical sparse matrix techniques that overviews broadly used methods in Lattice QCD and builds the background for the novel algorithm presented in this work. We then introduce singular value deflation as a method to improve convergence of trace estimation and analyze its effects on matrices from a variety of fields, including chemical transport modeling, magnetohydrodynamics, and QCD. Finally, we apply this method to compute observables such as the strange axial charge of the proton and strange sigma terms in light nuclei. The work in this thesis is innovative for four reasons. First, we analyze the effects of deflation with a model that makes qualitative predictions about its effectiveness, taking only the singular value spectrum as input, and compare deflated variance with different types of trace estimator noise. Second, the synergy between probing methods and deflation is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Third, we use the synergistic combination of deflation and a graph coloring algorithm known as hierarchical probing to conduct a lattice calculation of light disconnected matrix elements

Separated response functions in exclusive, forward pi(+/-) electroproduction on deuterium

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Huber, G.M.; Blok, H.P.; Butuceanu, C.; Gaskell, D.; Horn, T.; Mack, D.J.; Abbott, D.; Aniol, K.; Anklin, H.; Armstrong, C.; Arrington, J.; Assamagan, K.; Avery, S.; Baker, O.K.; Barrett, B.; Beise, E.J.; Bochna, C.; Boeglin, W.; Brash, E.J.; Breuer, H.; Chang, C.C.; Chant, N.; Christy, M.E.; Dunne, J.; Eden, T.; Ent, R.; Fenker, H.; Gibson, E.F.; Gilman, R.; Gustafsson, K.; IIinton, W.; IIolt, R.J.; Jackson, I.I.; Jin, S.; Jones, M.K.; Keppel, C.E.; Kim, P.H.; Kim, W.; King, P.M.; Klein, A.; Koltenuk, D.; Kovaltchouk, V.; Liang, M.; Liu, J.; Lolos, G.J.; Lung, A.; Margaziotis, D.J.; Markowitz, P.; Matsumura, A.; Mckee, D.; Meekins, D.; Mitchell, J.; Miyoshi, T.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Mueller, B.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Okayasu, Y.; Pentchev, L.; Perdrisat, C.; Pitz, D.; Potterveld, D.; Punjabi, V.; Qin, L.M.; Reimer, P.E.; Reinhold, J.; Roche, J.; Roos, P.G.; Sarty, A.; Shin, I.K.; Smith, G.R.; Stepanyan, S.; Tang, L.G.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tvaskis, V.; Van der Meer, R.L.J.; Vansyoc, K.; Van Westrum, D.; Vidakovic, S.; Volmer, J.; Vulcan, W.; Warren, G.; Wood, S.A.; Xu, C.; Yan, C.; Zhao, W.-.; Zheng, X.; Zihlmann, B.

2015-01-01

Background: Measurements of forward exclusive meson production at different squared four-momenta of the exchanged virtual photon, Q2, and at different four-momentum transfer, t, can be used to probe QCD's transition from meson-nucleon degrees of freedom at long distances to quark-gluon degrees of

Kaluza-Klein gluon + jets associated production at the Large Hadron Collider

CERN Document Server

Iyer, A.M.; Manglani, N.; Sridhar, K.

2016-08-10

The Kaluza-Klein excitations of gluons offer the exciting possibility of probing bulk Randall-Sundrum (RS) models. In these bulk models either a custodial symmetry or a deformation of the metric away from AdS is invoked in order to deal with electroweak precision tests. Addressing both these models, we suggest a new channel in which to study the production of KK-gluons ($g_{KK}$): one where it is produced in association with one or more hard jets. The cross-section for the $g_{KK}+$ jets channel is significant because of several contributing sub-processes. In particular, the 1-jet and the 2-jet associated processes are important because at these orders in QCD the $qg$ and the $gg$ initial states respectively come into play. We have performed a hadron-level simulation of the signal and present strategies to effectively extract the signal from what could potentially be a huge background. We present results for the kinematic reach of the LHC Run-II for different $g_{KK}$ masses in bulk-RS models.

Stochastic processes and the non-perturbative structure of the QCD vacuum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilela Mendes, R.

1992-01-01

Based on a local Gaussian evaluation of the functional integral representation, a method is developed to obtain ground state functionals. The method is applied to the gluon sector of QCD. For the leading term in the ground state functional, stochastic techniques are used to check consistency of the quantum theory, finiteness of the mass gap and the scaling relation in the continuum limit. The functional also implies strong chromomagnetic fluctuations which constrain the propagators in the fermion sector. (orig.)

Towards 4-loop NSPT result for a 3-dimensional condensate-contribution to hot QCD pressure

CERN Document Server

Torrero, C.; Schroder, Y.; Di Renzo, F.; Miccio, V.

2007-01-01

Thanks to dimensional reduction, the contributions to the hot QCD pressure coming from so-called soft modes can be studied via an effective three-dimensional theory named Electrostatic QCD (spatial Yang-Mills fields plus an adjoint Higgs scalar). The poor convergence of the perturbative series within EQCD suggests to perform lattice measurements of some of the associated gluon condensates. These turn out, however, to be plagued by large discretization artifacts. We discuss how Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory can be exploited to determine the full lattice spacing dependence of one of these condensates up to 4-loop order, and sharpen our tools on a concrete 2-loop example.

Electrical conductivity and shear viscosity of quark gluon plasma in a quasiparticle model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, P.K.; Mohanty, B.

2014-01-01

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HIC) have reported the formation of a strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (sQGP). To study the properties of this sQGP is the main focus nowadays. Among these the shear viscosity (η) and electrical conductivity (σ el ) could reflect the transport properties of the medium. By studying the shear viscosity or more specifically shear viscosity to entropy density ratio (η/s), one can understand the nature of interactions among the constituents of the produced medium, it gives a measure of the fluidity. Electrical conductivity represents the linear response of the system to an applied external electric field. The basic question one could ask is that whether the matter created at heavy ion collision experiment is an electrical conductor or an insulator. Recent lattice QCD as well as phenomenological studies have shown that these transport quantities show some kind of minimum in its variation with respect to temperature near the temperature corresponding to the transition from hadronic phase to quark-gluon phase

Light-Front Holography, Light-Front Wavefunctions, and Novel QCD Phenomena

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brodsky, Stanley J.; /SLAC /Southern Denmark U., CP3-Origins; de Teramond, Guy F.; /Costa Rica U.

2012-02-16

Light-Front Holography is one of the most remarkable features of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In spite of its present limitations it provides important physical insights into the nonperturbative regime of QCD and its transition to the perturbative domain. This novel framework allows hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to be mapped to frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in physical space-time. The model leads to an effective confining light-front QCD Hamiltonian and a single-variable light-front Schroedinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate {zeta} which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time and determines the off-shell dynamics of the bound-state wavefunctions, and thus the fall-off as a function of the invariant mass of the constituents. The soft-wall holographic model modified by a positive-sign dilaton metric, leads to a remarkable one-parameter description of nonperturbative hadron dynamics - a semi-classical frame-independent first approximation to the spectra and light-front wavefunctions of meson and baryons. The model predicts a Regge spectrum of linear trajectories with the same slope in the leading orbital angular momentum L of hadrons and the radial quantum number n. The hadron eigensolutions projected on the free Fock basis provides the complete set of valence and non-valence light-front Fock state wavefunctions {Psi}{sub n/H} (x{sub i}, k{sub {perpendicular}i}, {lambda}{sub i}) which describe the hadron's momentum and spin distributions needed to compute the direct measures of hadron structure at the quark and gluon level, such as elastic and transition form factors, distribution amplitudes, structure functions, generalized parton distributions and transverse

The nucleon spin and momentum decomposition using lattice QCD simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alexandrou, C. [The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia (Cyprus). Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center; Cyprus Univ., Nicosia (Cyprus). Dept. of Physics; Constantinou, M. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Hadjiyiannakou, K.; Kallidonis, C.; Koutsou, G. [The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia (Cyprus). Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center; Jansen, K.; Wiese, K. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen (Germany). John von Neumann-Inst. fuer Computing NIC; Vaquero Aviles-Casco, A. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

2017-11-15

We determine within lattice QCD, the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks, and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that the total angular momentum carried by the quarks in the nucleon is J{sub u+d+s}=0.408(61){sub stat.}(48){sub syst.} and the gluon contribution is J{sub g}=0.133(11){sub stat.}(14){sub syst.} giving a total of J{sub N}=0.54(6){sub stat.}(5){sub syst.} consistent with the spin sum. For the quark intrinsic spin contribution we obtain (1)/(2)ΔΣ{sub u+d+s}=0.201(17){sub stat.}(5){sub syst.} All quantities are given in the MS scheme at 2 GeV. The quark and gluon momentum fractions are also computed and add up to left angle x right angle {sub u+d+s}+ left angle x right angle {sub g}=0.804(121){sub stat.}(95){sub syst.}+0.267(12){sub stat.}(10){sub syst.}=1.07(12) {sub stat.}(10){sub syst.} satisfying the momentum sum.

High energy QCD at NLO: from light-cone wave function to JIMWLK evolution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lublinsky, Michael [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel); Physics Department, University of Connecticut,2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3046 (United States); Mulian, Yair [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel)

2017-05-17

Soft components of the light cone wave-function of a fast moving projectile hadron is computed in perturbation theory to the third order in QCD coupling constant. At this order, the Fock space of the soft modes consists of one-gluon, two-gluon, and a quark-antiquark states. The hard component of the wave-function acts as a non-Abelian background field for the soft modes and is represented by a valence charge distribution that accounts for non-linear density effects in the projectile. When scattered off a dense target, the diagonal element of the S-matrix reveals the Hamiltonian of high energy evolution, the JIMWLK Hamiltonian. This way we provide a new direct derivation of the JIMWLK Hamiltonian at the Next-to-Leading Order.

World-Line Formalism: Non-Perturbative Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dmitry Antonov

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This review addresses the impact on various physical observables which is produced by confinement of virtual quarks and gluons at the level of the one-loop QCD diagrams. These observables include the quark condensate for various heavy flavors, the Yang-Mills running coupling with an infra-red stable fixed point, and the correlation lengths of the stochastic Yang-Mills fields. Other non-perturbative applications of the world-line formalism presented in the review are devoted to the determination of the electroweak phase-transition critical temperature, to the derivation of a semi-classical analogue of the relation between the chiral and the gluon QCD condensates, and to the calculation of the free energy of the gluon plasma in the high-temperature limit. As a complementary result, we demonstrate Casimir scaling of k-string tensions in the Gaussian ensemble of the stochastic Yang-Mills fields.

Conformal Aspects of QCD