WorldWideScience

Sample records for pure blackwell determinacy

  1. Monetary Policy Frameworks and Real Equilibrium Determinacy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Henrik

    2002-01-01

    In a simple "prototype" model of monetary policymaking, I examine the issue of real equilibrium determinacy under targeting and instrument rules. The former framework involves minimization of a loss function (under discretion or commitment), whereas the latter involves commitment to an interest...... rate rule. While instrument rules only lead to determinacy under certain conditions, the targeting rules under consideration always secure determinacy. Within an extended model, I argue that econometric estimations of nominal interest rate response functions may tell little about the economy...

  2. Noncommutative Blackwell-Ross martingale inequality

    Science.gov (United States)

    Talebi, Ali; Moslehian, Mohammad Sal; Sadeghi, Ghadir

    We establish a noncommutative Blackwell-Ross inequality for supermartingales under a suitable condition which generalizes Khan’s work to the noncommutative setting. We then employ it to deduce an Azuma-type inequality.

  3. Determinacy, stock market dynamics and monetary policy inertia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pfajfar, Damjan; Santoro, Emiliano

    2011-01-01

    We study equilibrium determinacy in a New-Keynesian model where the Central Bank responds to asset prices growth. Unlike Taylor-type rules that react to asset prices, the proposed alternative does not harm dynamic stability and in certain cases promotes determinacy by inducing interest-rate inertia....

  4. Estimated Interest Rate Rules: Do they Determine Determinacy Properties?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Henrik

    2011-01-01

    I demonstrate that econometric estimations of nominal interest rate rules may tell little, if anything, about an economy's determinacy properties. In particular, correct inference about the interest-rate response to inflation provides no information about determinacy. Instead, it could reveal...

  5. Mecanismos de determinación del salario en la actividad privada en Uruguay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Babace

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available I. Introducción. II. Reseña histórica de los sistemas de reglamentación y de determinación del salario en Uruguay. III. Descripción y análisis del actual sistema de determinación de salarios en la actividad privada en Uruguay. Análisis de la ley Nº 18.566 sobre negociación colectiva. 1. La negociación colectiva y la determinación de salarios. a. Características del sistema de relaciones laborales de Uruguay. b. Procedimientos para el establecimiento de condiciones de trabajo y para la determinación de salarios mínimos. b1. Determinación de salarios por negociación colectiva. b2. Determinación de salarios en Consejos de Salarios. b3. Preferencia por la negociación colectiva sobre los Consejos de Salarios para la determinación de salarios mínimos. 3. Los nuevos Consejos de Salarios. 4 El Consejo Superior Tripartito. 5. Otras cuestiones expresamente reguladas. 6. Los niveles de negociación y su articulación. 6. Prevención y solución de conflictos. La determinación del salario constituye un tema central en la protección de la justa remuneración y especialmente contribuyen al referido propósito, los mecanismos que se instrumenten para establecer los salarios mínimos.

  6. The Wiley Blackwell companion to political geography

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Agnew, J.; Mamadouh, V.; Secor, A.J.; Sharp, J.

    2015-01-01

    The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Geography aims to account for the intellectual and worldly developments that have taken place in and around political geography in the last 10 years. Bringing together established names in the field as well as new scholars, it highlights provocative

  7. A novel mutation in TFL1 homolog affecting determinacy in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhanasekar, P; Reddy, K S

    2015-02-01

    Mutations in the widely conserved Arabidopsis Terminal Flower 1 (TFL1) gene and its homologs have been demonstrated to result in determinacy across genera, the knowledge of which is lacking in cowpea. Understanding the molecular events leading to determinacy of apical meristems could hasten development of cowpea varieties with suitable ideotypes. Isolation and characterization of a novel mutation in cowpea TFL1 homolog (VuTFL1) affecting determinacy is reported here for the first time. Cowpea TFL1 homolog was amplified using primers designed based on conserved sequences in related genera and sequence variation was analysed in three gamma ray-induced determinate mutants, their indeterminate parent "EC394763" and two indeterminate varieties. The analyses of sequence variation exposed a novel SNP distinguishing the determinate mutants from the indeterminate types. The non-synonymous point mutation in exon 4 at position 1,176 resulted from transversion of cytosine (C) to adenine (A) leading to an amino acid change (Pro-136 to His) in determinate mutants. The effect of the mutation on protein function and stability was predicted to be detrimental using different bioinformatics/computational tools. The functionally significant novel substitution mutation is hypothesized to affect determinacy in the cowpea mutants. Development of suitable regeneration protocols in this hitherto recalcitrant crop and subsequent complementation assay in mutants or over-expressing assay in parents could decisively conclude the role of the SNP in regulating determinacy in these cowpea mutants.

  8. Aspectos moleculares de la determinación del sexo en tortugas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leda Carolina Torres Maldonado

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available La determinación del sexo en vertebrados puede estar controlada por factores genéticos o por factores ambientales. Hasta el momento los mecanismos moleculares relacionados con la determinación sexual por temperatura (DST no se conocen con exactitud. En los diferentes grupos de vertebrados se han estudiado algunos genes que participan en la cascada de la determinación del sexo, los cuales se encuentran conservados tanto en estructura como en función, como ejemplo tenemos a los genes Sox9, Dax1 y Dmrt1. La tortuga marina Lepidochelys olivacea presenta DST; en esta especie se ha estudiado la expresión de los genes Sox9, Dax1 y Dmrt1 en tejido gonadal en distintas etapas del desarrollo embrionario, se observa que la temperatura tiene efecto sobre su expresión. Se sugiere que éstos podrían formar parte de la cascada de genes que regulan la diferenciación gonadal en L. olivacea.

  9. AGU and Wiley-Blackwell to partner on publication of journals and books

    Science.gov (United States)

    McEntee, Chris

    2012-07-01

    AGU has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Wiley-Blackwell to partner in journal and book publishing. The agreement, effective 1 January 2013, is a significant step forward in transforming AGU publishing consistent with our strategic plan goal of scientific leadership and collaboration. Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Family-owned and publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange, the company is strong in every major academic and professional field and partners with many of the world's leading societies. Wiley-Blackwell, a leader in developing models for open access and providing developing nations with access to science, publishes nearly 1500 peer-reviewed journals and more than 1500 new books annually. The company publishes approximately 700 society titles.

  10. Determinacy, Stock Market Dynamics and Monetary Policy Inertia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pfajfar, Damjan; Santoro, Emiliano

    the vantage of equilibrium uniqueness. We show that this reaction function is isomorphic to a rule with an interest rate smoothing term, whose magnitude increases in the degree of aggressiveness towards asset prices growth. As shown by Bullard and Mitra (2007, Determinacy, learnability, and monetary policy...

  11. Determinación espectrofluorimétrica de fitohormonas derivadas del indol y del naftaleno

    OpenAIRE

    Blanc García, María del Rosario

    2014-01-01

    Se realiza el estudio de las propiedades fluorescentes y la puesta a punto de metodología espectrofluorimétrica en disolución y en fase sólida para la determinación en aguas, suelos y formulaciones comerciales de las fitohormonas derivadas del indol: acido indol-3-acetico. acido indol-3-butirico, acido indol-3-propinoico y acido 5-hidroxiindol-3-acetico; y del naftaleno: acido 1-naftilacetico y 1-naftilacetamida. se lleva a cabo la determinación individual de cada una de las fitohormonas as...

  12. Log-Optimal Portfolio Selection Using the Blackwell Approachability Theorem

    OpenAIRE

    V'yugin, Vladimir

    2014-01-01

    We present a method for constructing the log-optimal portfolio using the well-calibrated forecasts of market values. Dawid's notion of calibration and the Blackwell approachability theorem are used for computing well-calibrated forecasts. We select a portfolio using this "artificial" probability distribution of market values. Our portfolio performs asymptotically at least as well as any stationary portfolio that redistributes the investment at each round using a continuous function of side in...

  13. The Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter: A Filter Bank Implementation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karlsson Rickard

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available For computational efficiency, it is important to utilize model structure in particle filtering. One of the most important cases occurs when there exists a linear Gaussian substructure, which can be efficiently handled by Kalman filters. This is the standard formulation of the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF. This contribution suggests an alternative formulation of this well-known result that facilitates reuse of standard filtering components and which is also suitable for object-oriented programming. Our RBPF formulation can be seen as a Kalman filter bank with stochastic branching and pruning.

  14. An Example of an Improvable Rao-Blackwell Improvement, Inefficient Maximum Likelihood Estimator, and Unbiased Generalized Bayes Estimator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galili, Tal; Meilijson, Isaac

    2016-01-02

    The Rao-Blackwell theorem offers a procedure for converting a crude unbiased estimator of a parameter θ into a "better" one, in fact unique and optimal if the improvement is based on a minimal sufficient statistic that is complete. In contrast, behind every minimal sufficient statistic that is not complete, there is an improvable Rao-Blackwell improvement. This is illustrated via a simple example based on the uniform distribution, in which a rather natural Rao-Blackwell improvement is uniformly improvable. Furthermore, in this example the maximum likelihood estimator is inefficient, and an unbiased generalized Bayes estimator performs exceptionally well. Counterexamples of this sort can be useful didactic tools for explaining the true nature of a methodology and possible consequences when some of the assumptions are violated. [Received December 2014. Revised September 2015.].

  15. Central bank instruments, fiscal policy regimes, and the requirements for equilibrium determinacy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Schabert, A.

    2006-01-01

    This paper examines the role of the monetary instrument choice for local equilibrium determinacy under sticky prices and different fiscal policy regimes. Corresponding to Benhabib et al.'s results for interest rate feedback rules [Benhabib, J., Schmitt-Grohé, S., Uribe, M., 2001. Monetary policy and

  16. Autoregressive Model with Partial Forgetting within Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Dedecius, Kamil; Hofman, Radek

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 41, č. 5 (2012), s. 582-589 ISSN 0361-0918 R&D Projects: GA MV VG20102013018; GA ČR GA102/08/0567 Grant - others:ČVUT(CZ) SGS 10/099/OHK3/1T/16 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Bayesian methods * Particle filters * Recursive estimation Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research Impact factor: 0.295, year: 2012 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2012/AS/dedecius-autoregressive model with partial forgetting within rao-blackwellized particle filter.pdf

  17. Determinación en túnel aerodinámico de las cargas de viento sobre tres marquesinas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blanco, Pedro Juan

    1981-12-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    Las marquesinas de las graderías de los estadios son estructuras sometidas básicamente a tres tipos de cargas: las debidas a su propio peso, las debidas a la nieve y las debidas a la acción del viento. La determinación de las dos primeras es relativamente sencilla y no expuesta a error; sin embargo, la determinación de las cargas producidas por la acción del viento es prácticamente inabordable por métodos teóricos y muy propensa a error si se hace por métodos simplificados, por lo que resulta casi imprescindible recurrir a su determinación práctica mediante ensayos en modelos a escala en túnel aerodinámico. Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en cuatro ensayos en modelo de tres marquesinas distintas, comparándolos con la estimación que se hubiera realizado si se hubiera atendido a los métodos simplificados de las normas en vigor.

  18. Glucosa: Métodos de determinación (II)

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Zaplana, Isabel; Fabra, Montserrat

    1988-01-01

    Ésta es la segunda Ficha de Utillaje dedicada a los métodos de determinación de la glucosa. En este caso, se trata de determinar la glucosa en sangre capilar a través de tiras reactivas, viendo también los diferentes sistemas de lectura y la forma más idónea para practicar la punción que nos permita obtener una muestra de sangre capilar. No olvidemos que, en el paciente diabético, un paso necesario para el correcto control de su enfermedad consiste en conocer las oscilaciones de sus niveles d...

  19. ACNUR y la determinación individual de la condición de refugiado

    OpenAIRE

    Stainsby, Richard

    2009-01-01

    La determinación de la condición de refugiado es un primer e importante paso a la hora de ofrecer protección internacional a quienes la necesitan y constituye una de las funciones centrales de ACNUR.

  20. Evaluation of the flathead catfish population and fishery on Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma, with emphasis on the effects of noodling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winkelman, Dana L.; Michaletz, Paul H.; Travnichek, Vincent H.

    2011-01-01

    I conducted a 3-year study at Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma to estimate effects of various fishing gears on the flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris population. Managers were particularly interested in the effect of handfishing or noodling on this population. I used a phone survey to assess angler effort and electrofishing and gill nets to calculate standard population metrics to assess composition of the current population. Survey data indicated that fishing effort and harvest were highest for trotlines and juglines and lowest for noodling. Size distribution of fish harvested by noodlers was not different from sizes that were available in the fishery and was similar to those fish harvested with other gears. Flathead catfish Sampled in Lake Carl Blackwell ranged in size from 38 to 1,220 mm total length, and 77% of the population was less than 508 mm (minimum legal size). Estimated total annual mortality was about 11%. Proportional size distribution (PSD) of flathead catfish for Lake Carl Blackwell indicates that about 70% of legal-sized flathead catfish were over the preferred size of 710 mm. Overall, the Lake Carl Blackwell flathead catfish population appeared healthy. There were a wide range of sizes and ages in the population, and PSD indicated a well-balanced population with many preferred and memorable-sized fish. Due to its rarity, noodling is probably not adversely influencing the population. Additionally, noodling at Lake Carl Blackwell does not appear to be as size-selective as previously thought. 

  1. GPS Cinemático de precisión para la determinación de puntos en los aeropuertos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Moya Zamora

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available El establecimiento del apoyo terrestre para la navegación aérea es de vital importancia. De esa manera, el empleo del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global(GPS es el medio más utilizado actualmente, tanto para la navegación de las aeronaves como en la determinación de los puntos de ayuda para dicha navegación, en lo que se refiere a las aproximaciones de las aeronaves, sus aterrizajes y ubicación en los puentes de las terminales aéreas. Estas redes de puntos se deben definir con base en normas ya establecidas y reguladas por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI. Entre las características más sobresalientes para la determinación de los puntos están el vínculo al Sistema Geodésico Mundial WGS84 y, evidentemente, la exactitud en las coordenadas de los puntos, la cual es fundamental para garantizar las actividades propias de la navegación aérea. Se expondrán a continuación los resultados obtenidos al aplicar la metodología GPS cinemática en la determinación de estos puntos.

  2. Memories of Miles – Miles Blackwell and his contribution to South African librarianship

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.S.C. Hooper

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The contribution of BH Blackwell (BHB, and specifically of Miles Blackwell, to the development of libraries and librarians in South Africa is explored based on available literature sources and personal reminiscences. This article tells how Miles was true to his personal values and how he demonstrated his integrity in the exercise of his office. Miles integrated in his mind the history of the “firm” of BHB and the times that it lived though with his sense of his responsibility to his customers. He was prepared to stand up against enormous political pressure from his peers in Europe and North America, and perhaps his fellow board members in BHB, to make sure that the channels of published information flow remained open to his customers in South Africa. The value of books and information was what he believed in. His service to his customers in South Africa reflected the self-sacrificing service ethic that he understood to be the essence of the family firm of which he had the great privilege of leading. He contributed to the development of the new, post-apartheid South Africa by ensuring that the people who needed the enlightened word to become part of the global society, benefited by what he had done.

  3. Exploración funcional de la Tiroides: Determinación del yodo proteico en la sangre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adolfo Bisso

    1956-07-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió un total de 129 sujetos distribuídos en la forma siguiente: 39 de control; 19 con bocio coloide normofuncionante; 12 con hipotiroidismo; 26 con hipertiroidismo; 18 con obesidad; 3 gestantes, 10 con endocrinopatías diversas, y 2 con miastenia gravis. En todos se realizó la determinación de yodo proteico en sangre, y en la mayoría se determinaron el metabolismo basal y el colesterol en la sangre. Ocasionalmente se efectuó la determinación del metabolismo en somnolencia. 1.- En sujetos sin enfermedad funcional tiroidea, las cifras de yodo proteico varían entre 4.20 y 7. 10 mcgrs. por ciento, con un promedio de 5.47±:0.15 y D.S. de 0.89 ± 0.10. Puede aceptarse como límites normales entre 3.5. y 8 mcgrs. por ciento. Los obesos y los enfermos con bocio coloide normofuncionante dan resultados similares, mientras que los hipertiroideos arrojan cifras significativamente más altas, y los hipotiroideos tienen cifras significativamente más bajas. 2.- El resultado de la determinación del yodo proteico en la sangre, guarda estrecha relación con el diagnóstico clínico de actividad tiroidea, excepto en los casos de introducción exógena de yodo, sea hormonal o no. 3.- El metabolismo basal si bien en estudio de grupos es alto en el hipertiroidismo, normal en los casos de bocio coloide normofuncionante, y bajo en el hipotiroidismo y en la obesidad, tiene discrepancias muy grandes con el diagnóstico clínico en cada caso en particular, excepto en el hipotiroidismo. 4.- El colesterol en cada grupo, estuvo en promedio, dentro de límites normales, y en cada caso particular fué muy variable e independiente del estado funcional tiroideo. 5.- De los tres métodos de exploración funcional de la glándula tiroidea que se han utilizado, el único que ha demostrado tener valor en el diagnóstico individual, ha sido la determinación del yodo proteico, siempre que se excluyera la introducción de yodo del exterior.

  4. Determinacy in Static Analysis of jQuery

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreasen, Esben; Møller, Anders

    2014-01-01

    Static analysis for JavaScript can potentially help programmers find errors early during development. Although much progress has been made on analysis techniques, a major obstacle is the prevalence of libraries, in particular jQuery, which apply programming patterns that have detrimental conseque......Static analysis for JavaScript can potentially help programmers find errors early during development. Although much progress has been made on analysis techniques, a major obstacle is the prevalence of libraries, in particular jQuery, which apply programming patterns that have detrimental...... present a static dataflow analysis for JavaScript that infers and exploits determinacy information on-the-fly, to enable analysis of some of the most complex parts of jQuery. The techniques are implemented in the TAJS analysis tool and evaluated on a collection of small programs that use jQuery. Our...

  5. Gating Techniques for Rao-Blackwellized Monte Carlo Data Association Filter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yazhao Wang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper studies the Rao-Blackwellized Monte Carlo data association (RBMCDA filter for multiple target tracking. The elliptical gating strategies are redesigned and incorporated into the framework of the RBMCDA filter. The obvious benefit is the reduction of the time cost because the data association procedure can be carried out with less validated measurements. In addition, the overlapped parts of the neighboring validation regions are divided into several separated subregions according to the possible origins of the validated measurements. In these subregions, the measurement uncertainties can be taken into account more reasonably than those of the simple elliptical gate. This would help to achieve higher tracking ability of the RBMCDA algorithm by a better association prior approximation. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed gating techniques.

  6. Application of the Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model to Consumers of Automobile Insurance

    OpenAIRE

    Joseph C. Bonnice

    1985-01-01

    A significant stage of the analysis of consumer behavior was reached in the 1960s with the development of three models of consumer behavior in the following studies: Nicosia], Howard and Sheth, Engel Koolat, and Blackwell (EKB), all of which attempted to present a conceptual framework for the analysis of consumer behavior . This article focuses on the examination of these conceptual models of consumer behavior and the determination of whether these models accurately depict the behavior of con...

  7. Metodologías analíticas para la determinación de metales tóxicos en muestras de interés ambiental

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Contreras, Juan Carlos

    2010-01-01

    La determinación de metales pesados en muestras ambientales resulta de interés para la sociedad actual, debido al peligro potencial de intoxicación que estos representan. Dicha determinación, requiere de instrumentos costosos, que hacen que los controles no sean tan frecuentes, ni fáciles como debieran ser. En este trabajo, se presentan alternativas para determinar Cd, Hg y Pb usando técnicas más accesibles. El estudio exploró, en la primera parte, la voltamperometría de redisolución anódica ...

  8. Incidencia del riesgo país en la determinación de la tasa de corte para la evaluación de proyectos de inversión

    OpenAIRE

    Gnecco, Martín Leonardo

    2011-01-01

    Se analizan los factores que inciden en la determinación de la Tasa de Corte a utilizar en la evaluación económico-financiera de proyectos de inversión. Más precisamente, sobre la incidencia que debería dársele -o no- al concepto de "Riesgo País" en la determinación de la mencionada tasa.

  9. Determinación de tiametoxam, clotianidina e imidacloprida y metabolitos en miel

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Domínguez, Deamelys

    2014-01-01

    Se ha realizado la implementación y validación de un método para la determinación de pesticidas neonicotinoides en muestras de miel, mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, con detectores de Masas. El métedo una vez validado fue aplicado a muestras reales de distintos tipos de miel de diversos orígenes. Departamento de Química Analítica Máster en Técnicas Avanzadas en Química

  10. Estudio sobre la aplicación del análisis por activación en reactores nucleares a la determinación multielemental rutinaria en rocas silicatadas

    OpenAIRE

    Espinosa, Ricardo; Cohen, Marcos

    1985-01-01

    Se investigan comparativamente las posibilidades del análisis por activación, con neutrones predominantemente térmicos (AANT) y epitérmicos (AANE), para le determinación multielemental no destructiva de muestras geológicas silicatadas. Se describe el método empleado para el análisis de 23 elementos de materiales de referencia del U.S.G.S. y granitos argentinos, aplicable a la determinación rutinaria.

  11. Arabidopsis BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 and 2 promote floral meristem fate and determinacy in a previously undefined pathway targeting APETALA1 and AGAMOUS-LIKE24.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Mingli; Hu, Tieqiang; McKim, Sarah M; Murmu, Jhadeswar; Haughn, George W; Hepworth, Shelley R

    2010-09-01

    The transition to flowering is a tightly controlled developmental decision in plants. In Arabidopsis, LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) are key regulators of this transition and expression of these genes in primordia produced by the inflorescence meristem confers floral fate. Here, we examine the role of architectural regulators BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 in promotion of floral meristem identity. Loss-of-function bop1 bop2 mutants show subtle defects in inflorescence and floral architecture but in combination with lfy or ap1, synergistic defects in floral meristem fate and determinacy are revealed. The most dramatic changes occur in bop1 bop2 ap1-1 triple mutants where flowers are converted into highly branched inflorescence-like shoots. Our data show that BOP1/2 function distinctly from LFY to upregulate AP1 in floral primordia and that all three activities converge to down-regulate flowering-time regulators including AGAMOUS-LIKE24 in stage 2 floral meristems. Subsequently, BOP1/2 promote A-class floral-organ patterning in parallel with LFY and AP1. Genetic and biochemical evidence support the model that BOP1/2 are recruited to the promoter of AP1 through direct interactions with TGA bZIP transcription factors, including PERIANTHIA. These data reveal an important supporting role for BOP1/2 in remodeling shoot architecture during the floral transition. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  12. Particle rejuvenation of Rao-Blackwellized sequential Monte Carlo smoothers for conditionally linear and Gaussian models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Ngoc Minh; Corff, Sylvain Le; Moulines, Éric

    2017-12-01

    This paper focuses on sequential Monte Carlo approximations of smoothing distributions in conditionally linear and Gaussian state spaces. To reduce Monte Carlo variance of smoothers, it is typical in these models to use Rao-Blackwellization: particle approximation is used to sample sequences of hidden regimes while the Gaussian states are explicitly integrated conditional on the sequence of regimes and observations, using variants of the Kalman filter/smoother. The first successful attempt to use Rao-Blackwellization for smoothing extends the Bryson-Frazier smoother for Gaussian linear state space models using the generalized two-filter formula together with Kalman filters/smoothers. More recently, a forward-backward decomposition of smoothing distributions mimicking the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother for the regimes combined with backward Kalman updates has been introduced. This paper investigates the benefit of introducing additional rejuvenation steps in all these algorithms to sample at each time instant new regimes conditional on the forward and backward particles. This defines particle-based approximations of the smoothing distributions whose support is not restricted to the set of particles sampled in the forward or backward filter. These procedures are applied to commodity markets which are described using a two-factor model based on the spot price and a convenience yield for crude oil data.

  13. Desarrollo de método cromatográfico para la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados en muestras de café

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gema Medina

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de que existe el compromiso de cumplir con el Convenio de Estocolmo, en Nicaragua se siguen utilizando plaguicidas organoclorados en la producción de café y otros rubros de exportación. En esta investigación se ha hecho un inventario delos plaguicidas más utilizados en la producción de café en Nicaragua, y a partir de la evaluación del inventario, se ha considerado oportuno poner a punto un procedimiento cromatográfico para la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados en muestras de café.La determinación se ha llevado a cabo mediante cromatografía de gases con columna capilar y un detector de captura de electrones específico para el análisis de estos plaguicidas. Previo a la determinación cromatográfica se ha optimizado un método de extracción y purificación a fin de eliminar componentes de la matriz que pudieraninterferir en la cuantificación de los plaguicidas.Con esta investigación se pretende apoyar al sector cafetalero en el análisis de estos plaguicidas, lo que constituye un parámetro de control de calidad que exigen actualmente los importadores de café y está contemplado en las legislaciones de los países.

  14. 77 FR 14010 - Rocky Ridge Wind Project, LLC, Blackwell Wind, LLC, CPV Cimarron Renewable Energy Company, LLC...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-08

    ..., EG12-18-000, EG12-19-000, EG12- 20-000, EG12-21-000, EG12-22-000, EG12-23-000] Rocky Ridge Wind Project, LLC, Blackwell Wind, LLC, CPV Cimarron Renewable Energy Company, LLC, Minco Wind Interconnection Services, LLC, Shiloh III Lessee, LLC, California Ridge Wind Energy LLC, Perrin Ranch Wind, LLC, Erie Wind...

  15. Determinación de la susceptibilidad a drogas de primera línea en aislamientos de mycobacterium tuberculosis por la técnica del tubo indicador de crecimiento micobacteriano

    OpenAIRE

    Sierra Parada, Claudia Rocío; Sánchez Morales, Édgar Alberto; Henao Riveros, Sandra Consuelo; Saavedra Rodríguez, Alfredo

    2010-01-01

    Antecedentes. La aparición de aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistentes a los medicamentos ha hecho que se busquen métodos más rápidos y confiables para la determinación de la susceptibilidad a las drogas antituberculosas. Objetivo. Determinación de la susceptibilidad a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea en aislamientos de M. tuberculosis utilizando el método del tubo indicador de crecimiento micobacteriano (MGIT). Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 49 aislamientos...

  16. Du personnel au politique : construction d’une identité militante dans le journal d’Alice Stone Blackwell (1872-1874

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claire Sorin

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Le militantisme n’est pas seulement affaire de scène publique ; les coulisses, qui sont en interaction permanente avec cette scène, forment un espace crucial où les enjeux se tissent et les acteurs se fabriquent. Alice Stone Blackwell, la fille de la célèbre féministe américaine Lucy Stone, a laissé un certain nombre de journaux mais c’est dans celui qu’elle écrivit adolescente (1872-1874 que l’on voit clairement s’ébaucher et s’incarner la voix militante de l’auteur. L’étude d’un texte « privé » (dont le statut est en fait beaucoup plus complexe ne présente pas seulement l’intérêt d’un regard intime et particulier sur le mouvement féministe américain de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Elle permet aussi de comprendre comment l’écriture autorise le sujet à tester et à s’approprier un ensemble de discours sur la nature féminine qui rompent avec l’idéal de domesticité et le culte de la fragilité. Le journal permet à Alice Blackwell de construire son identité de militante et de l’articuler avec d’autres facettes de son existence. Loin d’être simplement le reflet conventionnel d’une pratique bourgeoise essentiellement réservée au sexe féminin, l’écriture du journal chez Blackwell participe d’un acte militant, dont le trait le plus saillant est sans doute de mettre en scène un corps vigoureux et triomphant, apte à investir la sphère publique.El militantismo no sólo es un asunto de la escena pública ; los arcanos, en continua interacción con esa escena, forman un espacio donde se trama lo que está en juego y donde se fabrican los actores. Alice Stone Blackwell, hija de la famosa feminista americana Lucy Stone, ha dejado varios diarios, pero es en él que escribió de joven (1872-1874 donde claramente se esboza y se encarna la voz militante de la autora. El estudiar un texto « privado » no sólo presenta el interés de una mirada intima sobre el movimiento

  17. Libertad y determinación en la enseñanza de Lacan

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez, Iván

    2013-01-01

    El siguiente artículo se inscribe dentro del marco de la teoría psicoanalítica y del trabajo que se realiza en el Proyecto de Investigación UBACyT (2012 – 2014) La Libertad en psicoanálisis. Su incidencia en la Concepción de Sujeto y la Causalidad en la Obra de J. Lacan. Consecuencias Clínicas y Éticas a cargo del Lic. Pablo Diego Muñoz. Tiene como objetivo pensar posibles articulaciones sobre la determinación y la libertad que pueden encontrarse en la enseñanza de Lacan. Para lograr tal f...

  18. Determinación de aminas aromaticas por cromatografia liquida de alta resolución.

    OpenAIRE

    Gutiérrez Bouzán, Mª Carmen; Crespi Rosell, Martí

    1989-01-01

    Este trabajo consiste en la puesta a punto del metodo analítico para la determinación por cromatografia liquida de alta resolución (HPLC) de las aminas aromáticas empleadas más frecuentemente en la fabricación de colorantes sulfurosos: m-tolilendiamina, p-fenilendiamina, o-toluidina, p-toluidina, anilina, p-aminofenol, difenilamina, y p-hidroxidifenilamina. La longitud de onda de detección es de 260 nm. El principal objetivo del presente estudio es la consecución de un método de análisis p...

  19. Validación de la técnica para la determinación cuantitativa de cefotaxima sódica por Clar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liset Sordo Martínez

    2001-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó la validación del método de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR para la determinación cuantitativa de cefotaxima sódica, un compuesto de actividad antibacteriana reconocida. Teniendo en cuenta que el método se clasifica como método para la determinación cuantitativa de ingrediente activo o compuesto mayoritario en formulaciones o materia prima, se evaluaron los parámetros: especificidad, linealidad, precisión y exactitud. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la técnica es fiable, pues permitió la determinación del compuesto estudiado en presencia de las impurezas de la síntesis y productos de degradación. Además, el procesamiento estadístico de los resultados evidenció la linealidad, precisión y exactitud del método.The validation of the high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of cefotaxime sodium, a well-known antibacterial compound, was carried out. Taking into account that this method is rated as a method for quantitative determination of the active ingredient or main compound in formulations or raw materials, the following parameters were evaluated: specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The results showed that the technique is reliable since it allowed the determination of the studied compound in the face of synthesis impurities and degradation products. Also, the statistical processing of the results revealed the linearity, precision and accuracy of the method.

  20. Determinación de sexo en restos prehistóricos aislados del este uruguayo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Figueiro, Gonzalo

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available El frecuente hallazgo de restos humanos desarticulados y dispersos en sitios de la región Este del territorio uruguayo da lugar a la necesidad de recurrir en muchos casos a métodos alternativos de determinación de sexo, basados en análisis discriminantes. Las muestras de las que se parte en estos análisis son ya de poblaciones actuales, ya de poblaciones prehistóricas distintas a las representadas en el registro arqueológico uruguayo. Al determinar el número mínimo de individuos de un conjunto disperso, la edad y el sexo de los individuos representados cobran gran utilidad, y la precisión de los métodos de determinación de sexo basados en piezas aisladas se vuelve crucial. Este trabajo presenta la evaluación de 24 ecuaciones discriminantes canónicas sobre medidas de 7 huesos, en una muestra arqueológica de 15 individuos de dos sitios con estructuras monticulares ("cerritos de indios" del Este Uruguayo. El sexo de los esqueletos fue determinado anteriormente mediante métodos basados en la pelvis, el cráneo, o ambos. Los métodos evaluados presentaron grados de exactitud general de entre el 30 y el 100 por ciento, sin una dirección particular en los errores de clasificación. Esto pone de relieve la necesidad de revisar las ecuaciones utilizadas, recurriendo ya sea a una reelaboración de los coeficientes utilizados, o a un desplazamiento de los puntos de corte.

  1. Determinación ambiental de la salud: un reto para Colombia /Environmental health determination: a challenge for Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha L. Vaca B

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad actual se ha visto abocada a dar respuestas articuladas y con una visión integradora a los temas de condiciones de salud de la población, el cuidado de los recursos naturales y la generación de mecanismos de crecimiento económico sostenible. El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar tres aspectos básicos sobre la determinación ambiental de la salud, como un punto focal que puede integrar estos tres desafíos. En primera instancia, se precisa la definición del ambiente en sus diferentes concepciones como determinante de la salud; en segundo lugar, se plantean diferentes enfoques en torno a la salud ambiental; y finalmente, se proponen algunos conceptos que pueden ayudar a orientar y enriquecer tanto la discusión como la práctica de la salud pública en el tema de la determinación ambiental de la salud y la calidad de vida. Adicionalmente se analizan los principales aportes de la Política Pública de Salud Ambiental de Bogotá como un primer paso hacia la determinación social de la salud en Colombia. Society has been committed to provide articulated and integrated answers regarding issues such as population health conditions, natural resources conservation and sustainable economic growth. This essay focuses on analyzing three basic aspects of environmental health determination as a focal subject in order to face these challenges. First, the definition of environment as a determinant of health is clarified. Second, different approaches concerning environmental health are presented. Finally, some concepts are proposed which may guide and enrich both the discussion and practice of public health in environmental health and quality of life determination. Additionally, the main contributions of the Environmental Health Public Policy in Bogotá (Política Pública de Salud Ambiental as a first step towards the social determination of health in Colombia are discussed

  2. Determinación del índice esclerométrico en hormigones: factores que lo afectan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Gabriel Gómez Cortés

    1987-09-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan los principales factores que influyen en la determinación de la resistencia mecánica de un concreto evaiuada mediante índice esclerométrico: tipo de cemento, contenido, tamaño y tipo del agregado, forma y textura de la superficie, posición del aparato, cabo rotación superficial, capas diferentes, condiciones de humedad superficiales, destreza del operador, Se concluye que la dispersión de resultados es bastante amplia como para que sea de utilidad en casos prácticos

  3. Determinismo-indeterminismo y el debate de los determinantes-determinación social de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Peñaranda, Fernando; Rendón, Carlos E

    2013-01-01

    El debate entre determinantes sociales de la salud o determinación social de la salud, promovido por la medicina social latinoamericana a raíz de la propuesta presentada por la Comisión sobre los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de la OMS, pasa por analizar la tensión entre determinismo e indeterminismo y sus repercusiones para concebir la causalidad desde un punto de vista histórico y epistemológico. Este artículo presenta algunas tendencias sobre la visión cosmológica y epistemológica en ...

  4. Errores en la determinación de acciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    González Valle, E.

    1979-12-01

    Full Text Available This article analyses the causes of «building diseases» due to errors In the determination of actions in the following types of construction: — Flats. — Industrial buildings. — Retention walls . — Bridges. — Tanks and silos. Based on the report by the Bureau Securitas and Secotec after Investigating 2979 accidents and events, these errors would only be the first cause in 10% of the cases but this percentage will be considerably higher if the effects were also evaluated.

    En este artículo se analizan las causas de patología debidas a errores en la determinación de acciones en los siguientes tipos de construcción: ––Edificios de viviendas. ––Naves industriales. ––Muros de contención. ––Puentes. ––Depósitos y silos. Estos errores que, basados en el Informe del Bureau Securitas y Secotec, realizado sobre 2.979 siniestros, sólo serian causa primera de éstos en menos de un 10%; tendrían un porcentaje bastante mayor si se valorasen sus efectos.

  5. Determinación de Ca, Cu, Fe y Pb por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en aguardientes de caña

    OpenAIRE

    Magdalena Lorenzo; Arlyn Reyes; Idania Blanco; María del Carmen Vasallo

    2010-01-01

    La determinación de Ca, Cu, Fe y Pb en aguardientes¸ se realizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. El volumen de inyección fue 20 uL, la calibración se llevó a cabo en intervalos de 0,5-25,0 mg.L-1 de Ca; 0,25-5,0 mg.L-1 para el Cu, Pb y el Cu, y se utilizaron las absorbancias de Ca, Cu, Fe y Pb contra la concentración de los analitos, respectivamente. Las correlaciones lineales típicas de r = 0,99 en todos los casos. El método propuesto se aplicó para la determinación directa de C...

  6. Rehabilitation of pure alexia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Starrfelt, Randi; Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig Rós; Arendt, Ida-Marie

    2013-01-01

    that pure alexia was an easy target for rehabilitation efforts. We review the literature on rehabilitation of pure alexia from 1990 to the present, and find that patients differ widely on several dimensions like alexia severity, and associated deficits. Many patients reported to have pure alexia......-designed and controlled studies of rehabilitation of pure alexia....

  7. Determinación de la resistencia del hornnigón en viguetas fabricadas con cemento aluminóso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    de la Fuente Sánchez, Antonio

    1993-03-01

    Full Text Available Not Available.

    La resistencia de los hormigones en viguetas de cemento aluminóso es uno de los parámetros más solicitados a los laboratorios de control. La dificultad de su determinación estriba en la gran cantidad de armaduras que suelen llevar las alas de la vigueta, siendo el alma la única zona de la que pueden extraerse muestras de hormigón.

  8. The Complexity of Quantitative Concurrent Parity Games

    Science.gov (United States)

    2004-11-01

    for each player. In this paper we study only zero-sum games [20, 11], where the objectives of the two players are strictly competitive . In other words...Aided Verification, volume 1102 of LNCS, pages 75–86. Springer, 1996. [14] R.J. Lipton, E . Markakis, and A. Mehta. Playing large games using simple...strategies. In EC 03: Electronic Commerce, pages 36–41. ACM Press, 2003. 28 [15] D.A. Martin. The determinacy of Blackwell games . The Journal of Symbolic

  9. Rao-Blackwellization for Adaptive Gaussian Sum Nonlinear Model Propagation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Semper, Sean R.; Crassidis, John L.; George, Jemin; Mukherjee, Siddharth; Singla, Puneet

    2015-01-01

    each component weight during the nonlinear propagation stage an approximation of the true pdf can be successfully reconstructed. Particle filtering (PF) methods have gained popularity recently for solving nonlinear estimation problems due to their straightforward approach and the processing capabilities mentioned above. The basic concept behind PF is to represent any pdf as a set of random samples. As the number of samples increases, they will theoretically converge to the exact, equivalent representation of the desired pdf. When the estimated qth moment is needed, the samples are used for its construction allowing further analysis of the pdf characteristics. However, filter performance deteriorates as the dimension of the state vector increases. To overcome this problem Ref. [5] applies a marginalization technique for PF methods, decreasing complexity of the system to one linear and another nonlinear state estimation problem. The marginalization theory was originally developed by Rao and Blackwell independently. According to Ref. [6] it improves any given estimator under every convex loss function. The improvement comes from calculating a conditional expected value, often involving integrating out a supportive statistic. In other words, Rao-Blackwellization allows for smaller but separate computations to be carried out while reaching the main objective of the estimator. In the case of improving an estimator's variance, any supporting statistic can be removed and its variance determined. Next, any other information that dependents on the supporting statistic is found along with its respective variance. A new approach is developed here by utilizing the strengths of the adaptive Gaussian sum propagation in Ref. [2] and a marginalization approach used for PF methods found in Ref. [7]. In the following sections a modified filtering approach is presented based on a special state-space model within nonlinear systems to reduce the dimensionality of the optimization problem in

  10. Validación de un método de análisis para la determinación de metales pesados en partículas pM10 colectadas en aire ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Rodríguez-Román, Susana

    2011-01-01

    Se validó un método de análisis para la determinación del contenido de metales presentes en partículas PM10 colectadas del aire ambiente de la ciudad de San José.Las muestras se tomaron utilizando dos muestreadores de aire de alto volumen con controlador de flujo, sobre filtros de cuarzo (20,3 cm x 25,4 cm), con un flujo promedio de 1,13 m3min-1 durante 24 h en dos sitios de la ciudad capital: Catedral Metropolitana y Junta de Educación de San José.  Para la determinación se utilizó espectrof...

  11. Validación de un método de análisis para la determinación de metales pesados en partículas pM10 colectadas en aire ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Herrera-Murillo; Susana Rodríguez Román

    2010-01-01

    Se validó un método de análisis para la determinación del contenido de metales presentes en partículas PM10 colectadas del aire ambiente de la ciudad de San José.Las muestras se tomaron utilizando dos muestreadores de aire de alto volumen con controlador de flujo, sobre filtros de cuarzo (20,3 cm x 25,4 cm), con un flujo promedio de 1,13 m3min-1 durante 24 h en dos sitios de la ciudad capital: Catedral Metropolitana y Junta de Educación de San José.  Para la determinación se utilizó espectrof...

  12. LQAI_b3p2_Determinación de calcio en leche mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica

    OpenAIRE

    Cervera Sanz, Maria Luisa

    2011-01-01

    Determinación de calcio en leche mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con llama, tras la desproteinización con ácido tricloroacético, y empleando lantano para eliminar la interferencia de los fosfatos y como tampón de ionización

  13. Color Spectrum Properties of Pure and Non-Pure LATEX in Discriminating Rubber Clone Series

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noor Aishah Khairuzzaman; Hadzli Hashim; Nina Korlina Madzhi; Noor Ezan Abdullah; Faridatul Aima Ismail; Ahmad Faiz Sampian; Azhana Fatnin Che Will

    2015-01-01

    A study of color spectrum properties for pure and non-pure latex in discriminating rubber clone series has been presented in this paper. There were five types of clones from the same series being used as samples in this study named RRIM2002, RRIM2007, RRIM2008, RRIM2014, and RRIM3001. The main objective is to identify the significant color spectrum (RGB) from pure and non-pure latex that can discriminate rubber clone series. The significant information of color spectrum properties for pure and non-pure latex is determined by using spectrometer and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Visible light spectrum (VIS) is used as a radiation light of the spectrometer to emit light to the surface of the latex sample. By using SPSS software, the further numerical analysis of color spectrum properties is being conducted. As the conclusion, blue color spectrum for non-pure is able to discriminate for all rubber clone series whereas only certain color spectrum can differentiate several clone series for pure latex. (author)

  14. Combined state and parameter identification of nonlinear structural dynamical systems based on Rao-Blackwellization and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abhinav, S.; Manohar, C. S.

    2018-03-01

    The problem of combined state and parameter estimation in nonlinear state space models, based on Bayesian filtering methods, is considered. A novel approach, which combines Rao-Blackwellized particle filters for state estimation with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations for parameter identification, is proposed. In order to ensure successful performance of the MCMC samplers, in situations involving large amount of dynamic measurement data and (or) low measurement noise, the study employs a modified measurement model combined with an importance sampling based correction. The parameters of the process noise covariance matrix are also included as quantities to be identified. The study employs the Rao-Blackwellization step at two stages: one, associated with the state estimation problem in the particle filtering step, and, secondly, in the evaluation of the ratio of likelihoods in the MCMC run. The satisfactory performance of the proposed method is illustrated on three dynamical systems: (a) a computational model of a nonlinear beam-moving oscillator system, (b) a laboratory scale beam traversed by a loaded trolley, and (c) an earthquake shake table study on a bending-torsion coupled nonlinear frame subjected to uniaxial support motion.

  15. Purificación y determinación de carbohidratos en la vicilina de canavalia ensiformis

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez, Patricia; Pabón, Marta Lucía; Gómez, Diego Armando; Albarracin, Sonia Luz

    2011-01-01

    Este estudio reporta la purificación y determinación de carbohidratos en la vici- lina de Canavalia ensiformis ( Jack bean). La vicilina se purificó por precipitación isoeléctrica a pH 6,4 y 4,8, cromatografía de intercambio iónico (DEAE-Sephadex A-50) y cromatografía de afinidad (Con A -Sepharosa 4B). La pureza de la proteína se verificó por SDS-PAGE y su identidad se confirmó por espectrometría de masas empleando la técnica de ionización MALDI (desorción-ioniz...

  16. Evaluación de los parámetros de rendimiento del método espectrofotométrico para la determinación de NO2 en el medio ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Berroa Atencio, Heloína; Condori de Zegarra, Yolanda; Ticona Quea, Juana; Martínez Rivera, Kattia

    2010-01-01

    Se realizaron 15 monitoreos de óxido de nitrógeno a flujo continuo por 30 días cada uno. En estas 15 etapas se evaluó el límite de detección, límite de cuantificación y aseguramiento de la calidad de los resultados, para determinar la eficacia del método en la determinación de los óxidos de nitrógeno por el método de Saltzmann. La calibración se realizó con estándares externos de concentraciones de 0,4 a 3,2 ug de NO2. Para la determinación del límite de detección y cuantificación se utilizó ...

  17. Sixth form pure mathematics

    CERN Document Server

    Plumpton, C

    1968-01-01

    Sixth Form Pure Mathematics, Volume 1, Second Edition, is the first of a series of volumes on Pure Mathematics and Theoretical Mechanics for Sixth Form students whose aim is entrance into British and Commonwealth Universities or Technical Colleges. A knowledge of Pure Mathematics up to G.C.E. O-level is assumed and the subject is developed by a concentric treatment in which each new topic is used to illustrate ideas already treated. The major topics of Algebra, Calculus, Coordinate Geometry, and Trigonometry are developed together. This volume covers most of the Pure Mathematics required for t

  18. Non-critical pure spinor superstrings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adam, Ido; Grassi, Pietro Antonio; Mazzucato, Luca; Oz, Yaron; Yankielowicz, Shimon

    2007-01-01

    We construct non-critical pure spinor superstrings in two, four and six dimensions. We find explicitly the map between the RNS variables and the pure spinor ones in the linear dilaton background. The RNS variables map onto a patch of the pure spinor space and the holomorphic top form on the pure spinor space is an essential ingredient of the mapping. A basic feature of the map is the requirement of doubling the superspace, which we analyze in detail. We study the structure of the non-critical pure spinor space, which is different from the ten-dimensional one, and its quantum anomalies. We compute the pure spinor lowest lying BRST cohomology and find an agreement with the RNS spectra. The analysis is generalized to curved backgrounds and we construct as an example the non-critical pure spinor type IIA superstring on AdS 4 with RR 4-form flux

  19. Determinación de costos en un centro de atención básica en salud ocupacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edna Cristina Bonilla Sebá

    1999-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo los autores destacan la importancia de establecer de manera apropiada los costos de los servicios que prestan las entidades públicas, presentan los conceptos básicos que se requieren para su determinación y análisis, proponen una metodología práctica para satisfacer esta necesidad y desarrollan un ejercicio de medición en un centro de atención básica en salud, el cual se puede replicar en otras instituciones.

  20. Determinación de la composición mineralógica del clínker por microscopía cuantitativa, disolución de fases y difracción de rayos X

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Triviño, F.

    1983-09-01

    Full Text Available A comparative study has been done about the use of three methods: Microscopic, Dissolution of Phases and X-Ray Diffraction, for the determination of the mineralogical composition of clinker, XRD appears (just as it is shown in this paper as a complicated method which does not guarantee a good determination of C3A. The consecutive dissolution of phases whith methanol and salicylic acid and saccharose is a simple, cheap and reliable alternative method. The dissolution of phases with salicylic acid is a good method to determine the whole of silicates and liquid phase. Optic microscopy (reflected light is a method of determining bi and tricalcium silicates but the results so given are unreliable. Varations which could improve these methods are indicated.

    Se hace un estudio comparativo del empleo de tres métodos, microscópico, disolución de fases y difracción de rayos X, en la determinación de la composición mineralógica del clínker. Se revela DRX (tal y como se desarrolla en este trabajo como un método poco fiable en la determinación del C3A y además es complicada. La disolución sucesiva de fases con metanol-salicílico y sacarosa es una alternativa sencilla, económica y fiable. La disolución de fases con salicílico es un buen método en la determinación total de silicatos y fase líquida. La microscopía óptica de luz reflejada es un método para la determinación de los silicatos bi y tricálcicos, aunque da resultados poco fiables. Se indican variaciones que mejoran los métodos.

  1. Test verdadero-falso de evaluación de conocimientos relativos a la determinación de ácido acetilsalicílico en analgésicos.(II).

    OpenAIRE

    Milla González, Miguel

    2008-01-01

    Otro ejercicio de autoevaluación del tipo verdadero-falso acerca de conocimientos teórico-prácticos correspondientes a la determinación de ácido acetilsalicílico en analgésicos mediante valoración ácido-base en medio no acuoso.

  2. Bases moleculares de la determinación sexual en mamíferos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verónica Díaz Hernández

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Se correlacionan conceptos clásicos de la diferenciación sexual con mecanismos moleculares de la determinación sexual en mamíferos. El paradigma de Jost estableció que la diferenciación sexual fetal depende de la actividad endócrina de los testículos. En la gónada embrionaria indiferenciada se establecen redes moleculares a partir de vías alternativas de expresión que determinan la formación de ovarios o testículos. Tomando al ratón como modelo, describimos el hallazgo de varios genes que se activan o reprimen a partir de la expresión del Sry en los machos y las vías alternas encontradas en las hembras. Concluimos que todavía queda por conocerse el alcance que tienen los datos del ratón como modelo para extrapolarse a otros mamíferos incluido el humano.

  3. Determinación de bismuto por flotación de un par iónico con ioduro y rivanol.

    OpenAIRE

    López Erroz, Carmen; Hernández Córdoba, Manuel

    1987-01-01

    El Bi{III) origina complejos aniónicos con ligandos inorgánicos, preferentemente ioduro y tiocianato, que son extraíbles en los disolventes orgánicos. Utilizando esta propiedad se han derivado aplicaciones analíticas para la determinación del ion metálico, generalmente mediante el empleo de la técnica espectrofotométrica. La sensibilidad de estos procedimientos no es elevada, pero puede aumentarse si el complejo aniónico de bismuto se extrae como un compuesto d...

  4. Nuevas metodologías para la determinación de nonilfenol, sus derivados etoxilados y parabenos en muestras medioambientales

    OpenAIRE

    Núñez García-Cuerva, Laura

    2011-01-01

    El estudio de nuevos compuestos químicos, denominados contaminantes emergentes, se ha convertido en objetivo prioritario para la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y para las agencias de protección medioambiental (EPA). Es por ello que resulta necesario el desarrollo de métodos analíticos de elevada sensibilidad y selectividad para la determinación de estos compuestos, ya que lamentablemente son pocos los existentes actualmente. Lo ideal sería disponer de métodos respetuoso...

  5. Método para la determinación de cloruros en pequeñas concentraciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    del Olmo Rodríguez, César

    1976-09-01

    Full Text Available Not availableLa determinación del contenido de cloruros de los materiales de construcción es una práctica frecuente en un laboratorio dedicado al estudio y control de calidad de estos materiales, cuyo valores necesario conocer por varias razones; por ejemplo en las materias primas de la industria del cemento, para prevenir de antemano la formación de pegaduras en el horno; en los componentes del hormigón, para evitar la posible corrosión de sus armaduras; o en el propio hormigón, por igual motivo, para dictaminar a posteriori las causas de la corrosión de sus alambres. El método de análisis que se describe a continuación da una respuesta válida al problema planteado.

  6. Mixtures of maximally entangled pure states

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Flores, M.M., E-mail: mflores@nip.up.edu.ph; Galapon, E.A., E-mail: eric.galapon@gmail.com

    2016-09-15

    We study the conditions when mixtures of maximally entangled pure states remain entangled. We found that the resulting mixed state remains entangled when the number of entangled pure states to be mixed is less than or equal to the dimension of the pure states. For the latter case of mixing a number of pure states equal to their dimension, we found that the mixed state is entangled provided that the entangled pure states to be mixed are not equally weighted. We also found that one can restrict the set of pure states that one can mix from in order to ensure that the resulting mixed state is genuinely entangled. Also, we demonstrate how these results could be applied as a way to detect entanglement in mixtures of the entangled pure states with noise.

  7. Comparación de metodologías voltamperométricas adsortivas para la determinación de aluminio en agua potable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Barquero Quirós

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available La determinación cuantitativa de aluminio en diversas técnicas a nivel de μg/L está sujeta a contaminación e interferencias. El aluminio por técnicas voltamperómétricas directas es difícil de reducir debido a su alto potencial. Para superar este problema, se forman complejos solubles de aluminio, que se adsorben en un electrodo de Hg. Luego se reducen siendo la corriente de pico proporcional a la concentración. Se estudiaron dos diferentes complejos de aluminio con alizarina y con cupferrón; en ambos casos se optimizaron las condiciones experimentales de formación de los complejos tales como pH óptimo, concentración de reactivo acomplejante, las condiciones experimentales de medición fueron opimizadas: potencial de acumulación, tiempo de acumulación, frecuencia, amplitud de pulso, tiempo de equilibrio, se determinaron los parámetros de desempeño de ambas determinaciones: veracidad, ámbito lineal, límite de detección, y límite de cuantificación para la técnica de voltamperometría de onda cuadrada (SWV. El complejo de aluminio-alizarina no es electroactivo, y la alternativa es medir la alizarina residual después de la formación del complejo con aluminio, cuya cinética es muy lenta y debe calentarse 5 minutos a 80 °C. Se procedió al estudio de las condiciones experimentales, siendo el pH de 9,25 determinante. Es necesario que el buffer sea de alta capacidad reguladora para obtener la formación del derivado. El límite de detección obtenido a partir de la desviación estándar de 7 blancos fue 3 μg/L, y el coeficiente de variación de los blancos 8 por ciento, la recuperación promedio para 16 μg/L con n=7, fue de 97 por ciento. Las curvas de calibración se realizaron en un ámbito de 8 a 64 μg/L. La aplicación del método a muestras de agua es posible mediante la previa evaporación de estas. Se desarrolló y se validó una metodología apta para cuantificar aluminio en aguas basada en la reacción de Al con

  8. Métodos para la determinación del coeficiente de resistencia al flujo en cauces de rugosidad heterogénea

    OpenAIRE

    López Alonso, Raúl

    2002-01-01

    Al abordar problemas hidráulicos en cauces en los que la rugosidad varía a lo largo del perímetro, es usual el empleo de un único coeficiente de rugosidad de efectos hidráulicos equivalentes. Desde finales del primer tercio del siglo XX, se han ido proponiendo diversas expresiones para la determinación de un coeficiente de rugosidad equivalente, diferenciándose éstas en las hipótesis hidráulicas asumidas. En el presente trabajo se han revisado ocho de estas ecuaciones, proponiéndose la modifi...

  9. Perspectives on the Pure-Tone Audiogram.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Musiek, Frank E; Shinn, Jennifer; Chermak, Gail D; Bamiou, Doris-Eva

    The pure-tone audiogram, though fundamental to audiology, presents limitations, especially in the case of central auditory involvement. Advances in auditory neuroscience underscore the considerably larger role of the central auditory nervous system (CANS) in hearing and related disorders. Given the availability of behavioral audiological tests and electrophysiological procedures that can provide better insights as to the function of the various components of the auditory system, this perspective piece reviews the limitations of the pure-tone audiogram and notes some of the advantages of other tests and procedures used in tandem with the pure-tone threshold measurement. To review and synthesize the literature regarding the utility and limitations of the pure-tone audiogram in determining dysfunction of peripheral sensory and neural systems, as well as the CANS, and to identify other tests and procedures that can supplement pure-tone thresholds and provide enhanced diagnostic insight, especially regarding problems of the central auditory system. A systematic review and synthesis of the literature. The authors independently searched and reviewed literature (journal articles, book chapters) pertaining to the limitations of the pure-tone audiogram. The pure-tone audiogram provides information as to hearing sensitivity across a selected frequency range. Normal or near-normal pure-tone thresholds sometimes are observed despite cochlear damage. There are a surprising number of patients with acoustic neuromas who have essentially normal pure-tone thresholds. In cases of central deafness, depressed pure-tone thresholds may not accurately reflect the status of the peripheral auditory system. Listening difficulties are seen in the presence of normal pure-tone thresholds. Suprathreshold procedures and a variety of other tests can provide information regarding other and often more central functions of the auditory system. The audiogram is a primary tool for determining type

  10. Generalized pure Lovelock gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Concha, Patrick; Rodríguez, Evelyn

    2017-11-01

    We present a generalization of the n-dimensional (pure) Lovelock Gravity theory based on an enlarged Lorentz symmetry. In particular, we propose an alternative way to introduce a cosmological term. Interestingly, we show that the usual pure Lovelock gravity is recovered in a matter-free configuration. The five and six-dimensional cases are explicitly studied.

  11. Generalized pure Lovelock gravity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrick Concha

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available We present a generalization of the n-dimensional (pure Lovelock Gravity theory based on an enlarged Lorentz symmetry. In particular, we propose an alternative way to introduce a cosmological term. Interestingly, we show that the usual pure Lovelock gravity is recovered in a matter-free configuration. The five and six-dimensional cases are explicitly studied.

  12. Purificación y determinación de actividad enzimática de la catalasa en Staphylococcus aureus

    OpenAIRE

    Iván Marin Arguello; lan Roustan-Espinoza.

    2000-01-01

    Ampliamente distribuida en células animales, vegetales y micro- organismos, la catalasa es una enzima crucial para la vida. Su función catalítica es la descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno (HOY), compuesto altamente tóxico y generado en los procesos metabólicos de la célula. Esta enzima en Staphylococcus aureus es una proteína tetramérica presentando grupos hemos y moléculas de NADPH en su estructura. La determinación espectrofotométrica de los parámetros cinéticos (Km, Vmax. y otros) en ...

  13. Determinación de la Huella de Carbono de productos agrícolas en una finca de agricultura ecológica

    OpenAIRE

    ROIG BENEDITO, MIGUEL

    2017-01-01

    [ES] La necesidad de paliar el cambio climático hace necesario reducir las emisiones absolutas en todos los sectores, incluso en la agricultura. La determinación de la Huella de Carbono en los productos permite estimar las emisiones de GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero) durante el ciclo de vida de los productos agrícolas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los distintos gases de efecto invernadero que se producen en una explotación de agricultura ecológica. Para ello s...

  14. Musical notation reading in pure alexia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Starrfelt, Randi; Wong, Yetta K.

    2017-01-01

    Pure alexia (PA) is an acquired reading disorder following lesions to left ventral temporo-occipital cortex. Patients with PA read slowly but correctly, and show an abnormal effect of word length on RTs. However, it is unclear how pure alexia may affect musical notation reading. We report a pure...

  15. Pure homology of algebraic varieties

    OpenAIRE

    Weber, Andrzej

    2003-01-01

    We show that for a complete complex algebraic variety the pure component of homology coincides with the image of intersection homology. Therefore pure homology is topologically invariant. To obtain slightly more general results we introduce "image homology" for noncomplete varieties.

  16. Analysis of pure maple syrup consumers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paul E. Sendak

    1974-01-01

    Virtually all of the pure maple syrup productim in the United States is in the northern states of Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Pure maple syrup users living in the maple production area and users living in other areas of the United States were asked a series of questions about their use of pure...

  17. Validación del método para determinación de cloro útil en hipoclorito de calcio en Quimpac

    OpenAIRE

    Cóndor Guevara, Eduardo; Cóndor Guevara, Eduardo; Cóndor Guevara, Eduardo

    2011-01-01

    En Quimpac surge la necesidad de validar un método alternativo para la determinación de Cloro útil en el Hipoclorito de Calcio producido en Quimpac, el cual está basado en la Norma ASTM D2022, donde se realizan variaciones que corresponden al uso de un reactivo por otro La validación se realizó en Agosto de 2008, siguiendo los criterios y requisitos de calidad, de tal manera que el método analítico cumpla con las especificaciones para su aplicación. Para ello, se realizaron diez determinac...

  18. Determinación global y salud: el marco amplio de los determinantes de la salud/ Global determination and health: the broad framework of the determinants of health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Franco-Giraldo

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este ensayo plantea los desafíos de la salud mundial en la última etapa del desarrollo del capitalismo global y su relación con los determinantes socio-sanitarios de la salud, la vida humana y la Tierra, a partir de un concepto novedoso: el de la determinación global. Metodológicamente se desarrollan algunos ejes temáticos: determinación global y su relación con los determinantes sociales de la salud, consecuencias del capitalismo global, desafíos para la humanidad y la salud global, gobernanza y respuesta social global. Se discute la globalización del capitalismo como el principal determinante para la acción gubernamental, las políticas sociales y las políticas públicas en salud y sus consecuencias: la amenaza de las guerras, la crisis económica, el hambre, la degradación de la biosfera, los desplazamientos étnicos, ente otros. Propugna por enfrentar el deterioro de condiciones de vida y el aumento de desigualdades sociales, el gran desafío que explica los demás problemas de la salud global: la inequidades sociales, causantes efectivamente de la mala salud y de las desigualdades en salud. Dichas inequidades se manifiestan por razones geográficas, edad, género, etnia, educación y distribución del ingreso, pero devienen en última instancia de determinantes globales que se generan en la espera supranacional de la determinación. Se concluye defendiendo la acción global para superar la desigualdad y las inequidades que azotan al mundo actual y se propone una nueva categoría para entender los determinantes sociales: la de la determinación global, que tiene una capacidad explicativa mayor que las diferentes corrientes teóricas sobre determinantes y determinación social. The purpose of this essay is to present the challenges faced by global health during the last stage of the development of global capitalism and its relationship with the social and sanitary determinants of health, life and earth based on a

  19. Determinación astronómica de la Desviación de la Vertical

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pacheco, A. M.; Podestá, R. C.

    A partir de las coordenadas astronómicas de Latitud y Longitud determinadas en la falla geológica de Nikizanga ubicada en las serranías de Pie de Palo, y, en base a un Punto Datum de referencia, se desarrolla la metodología para la determinación de la Desviación de la Vertical, que comprende la reducción de las observaciones astronómicas, transformaciones de coordenadas, aplicación de correcciones y el cálculo definitivo de los valores angulares de la Vertical. Estos estudios se iniciaron a sugerencia del Servicio Internacional de Latitud, International Polar Motion Service (IPMS), con el objeto de obtener en determinados puntos de la Tierra la Desviación de la Vertical y su variación, dentro de la nueva disciplina denominada Astrogeodinámica, con la idea de correlacionar estas variaciones con la predicción de grandes sismos.

  20. Determinación de la actividad enzimática de la hexosaminidasa en fluidos biológicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlén Rodríguez

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio describe un método electroforético que emplea el sustrato fluorogénico 4- metilumbelliferil 2-acetamida 2-deoxi-O-D-glucopiranosido, para la determinación enzimática de la hexosaminidasa (HEX en linfocitos de sangre periférica, líquido amniótico, suero y orina. Se propone que la electroforésis sirva como método confirmatorio del diagnóstico de la gangliosidosis GM2, ya que permite determinar la actividad enzimática de la HEX y hacer la diferenciación de las isoenzimas (HEX A y HEX 8. La deficiencia de estas isoenzimas se detecta por disminución o ausencia de fluorescencia.

  1. Determinismo/indeterminismo y determinación: implicaciones en el campo de la salud pública / Determinism/indeterminism and determination: implications in the field of public health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego A. Restrepo-Ocho

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo es analizar las categorías de determinismo e indeterminismo en el campo de la salud pública y plantear las diferencias de estas categorías con la de determinación social propuesta en el contexto de la salud pública latinoamericana. Se plantea que tanto el determinismo como el indeterminismo resultan insuficientes para dar cuenta de la complejidad de la salud y de la vida, no solo en el plano epistémico, sino también en el marco del análisis ético; en su lugar, la noción de determinación se presenta como una categoría compleja que permite abordar los problemas relacionados con la salud y la vida a partir de sus relaciones dialécticas con las condiciones sociales, políticas, culturales y económicas. Finalmente, se exponen algunas de las principales diferencias entre el enfoque de determinantes sociales de la salud propuesto por la oms y el enfoque de determinación social de la salud y la vida de la salud pública latinoamericana. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the categories of determinism and indeterminism in the Public Health field and to establish the differences between these categories and that of the social determination proposed in the context of Latin American Public Health. It is suggested that both determinism and indeterminism are insufficient terms to explain the complexity of health and life, not only in the epistemic map but also in the framework of ethical analysis. Instead, the notion of determination is presented as a complex category that makes it possible to approach the problems related to health and life from their dialectic relationships with social, politic, cultural and economic conditions. Finally, some of the main differences between the Social determinants of health approach proposed by the who and the Social determination of health and life approach proposed by the Latin American Public Health are presented.

  2. Determinación de hidroperóxidos totales en aceite de girasol ozonizado mediante el método de oxidación ferrosa en xilenol naranja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Díaz Gómez, Maritza

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Total hydroperoxides (HPT concentration using the ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (OFX assay and peroxide value (IP using iodometric assay, were determined in sunflower oil samples ozonated at different ozone dosages. The effect of an increasing amount of ozonazed sunflower oil was evaluated by assembly assay, where a lineal relationship was obtained between oil amounts from 2 to 17 µg in the assay and absorbance units measured at 560 nm. The OFX reagent calibration and the extinction coefficient calculation were carried out for HPT measurement in ozonazed samples. The correlation established between IP and the concentration obtained by OFX assay showed a lineal relationship (r = 99.29; r2 = 98.59 %. These results confirm that this assay is appropriate for HPT measurement in ozonazed sunflower oil.Se analizaron muestras de aceite de girasol ozonizado a diferentes dosis de ozono aplicada y a cada una le fue determinada la concentración de hidroperóxidos totales (HPT empleando el método de oxidación ferrosa en xilenol naranja (OFX y el índice de peróxido (IP empleando el método yodométrico. Para el montaje de la técnica de OFX se evaluó el efecto de cantidades crecientes de aceite de girasol ozonizado, donde se obtuvo una relación lineal entre un contenido de aceite de 2 a 17 µg por ensayo y la absorbancia medida a 560 nm. Se realizó la calibración del reactivo de OFX y el cálculo del coeficiente de extinción para la determinación de HPT de las muestras ozonizadas. La correlación establecida entre la determinación de HPT por la técnica de OFX y el IP mostró una relación lineal (r= 99,29 %; r2 = 98,59 %. Estos resultados demuestran que este método es apropiado para la determinación de HPT en aceite de girasol ozonizado.

  3. Determinación cuantitativa de bactericidas en cosméticos "dermoprotectores"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Crespo González, N.

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available A rapid, easy and reproducible method is described for the quantitative determination of the usual antimicrobial preservatives used in the cosmetic industry in the Spanish market with a dermoprotector claim. The method is also useful for soap bars and for surfactant solutions, in this last case the method of extraction is the only change. Gas Chromatography has been chosen as the analytical process for the set up of this method because it is a rapid and available technique, and it allows the simultaneous resolution of all the studied preservatives.

    Se describe un método rápido, sencillo y reproducible para la determinación cuantitativa de los bactericidas más utilizados en la industria cosmética del mercado español con fines dermoprotectores. El método es aplicable tanto a jabones sólidos como a disoluciones de tensioactivos, variando en este caso tan sólo el método de extracción. Se ha elegido la cromatografía de gases para la elaboración de este método por ser una técnica rápida y asequible, además de permitir la resolución simultánea de todos los bactericidas estudiados.

  4. Gibbs Sampler-Based λ-Dynamics and Rao-Blackwell Estimator for Alchemical Free Energy Calculation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Xinqiang; Vilseck, Jonah Z; Hayes, Ryan L; Brooks, Charles L

    2017-06-13

    λ-dynamics is a generalized ensemble method for alchemical free energy calculations. In traditional λ-dynamics, the alchemical switch variable λ is treated as a continuous variable ranging from 0 to 1 and an empirical estimator is utilized to approximate the free energy. In the present article, we describe an alternative formulation of λ-dynamics that utilizes the Gibbs sampler framework, which we call Gibbs sampler-based λ-dynamics (GSLD). GSLD, like traditional λ-dynamics, can be readily extended to calculate free energy differences between multiple ligands in one simulation. We also introduce a new free energy estimator, the Rao-Blackwell estimator (RBE), for use in conjunction with GSLD. Compared with the current empirical estimator, the advantage of RBE is that RBE is an unbiased estimator and its variance is usually smaller than the current empirical estimator. We also show that the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio equation or the unbinned weighted histogram analysis method equation can be derived using the RBE. We illustrate the use and performance of this new free energy computational framework by application to a simple harmonic system as well as relevant calculations of small molecule relative free energies of solvation and binding to a protein receptor. Our findings demonstrate consistent and improved performance compared with conventional alchemical free energy methods.

  5. Fundamentals of the Pure Spinor Formalism

    CERN Document Server

    Hoogeveen, Joost

    2010-01-01

    This thesis presents recent developments within the pure spinor formalism, which has simplified amplitude computations in perturbative string theory, especially when spacetime fermions are involved. Firstly the worldsheet action of both the minimal and the non-minimal pure spinor formalism is derived from first principles, i.e. from an action with two dimensional diffeomorphism and Weyl invariance. Secondly the decoupling of unphysical states in the minimal pure spinor formalism is proved

  6. Validación del método Potenciométrico por Ión Selectivo para la determinación de Flúor en sal, agua y orina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Aguilar R

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Validar el método potenciómetro por ión selectivo en la determinación de fluoruro. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 3 tipos de muestras (sal, agua, y orina, trabajándose con 3 analistas para el agua y sal, y 2 para la orina. La validación se realizó en 2 días, realizándose 10 ensayos por día. Se calculó la precisión (en condiciones de repetibilidad y reproducibilidad y exactitud del método (en términos de recuperación del analito adicionado a la muestra. Resultados: Se obtuvo una desviación estándar relativa (RSD de 2.68%, 3.29% y 2.52% en sal, agua y orina, respectivamente, y se logró recuperar 98.20%, 99.42% y 98.11 % del analito en las mismas muestras de sal, agua y orina, respectivamente. Conclusión: El método potenciómetro, por ión selectivo, realizado en condiciones óptimas y apropiadas, puede aplicarse para la determinación de flúor en muestras de sal, agua y orina.

  7. Técnicas rápidas de realización de activación neutrónica cíclica y de su análisis, para la determinación del contenido de sílice en muestras de mineral de fluorita

    OpenAIRE

    Díaz García, Eduardo

    2015-01-01

    Esta Tesis Doctoral estudia la medida de rayos gamma diferidos, causados por la activación neutrónica de muestras procedentes de una planta de concentración de fluorita, como método de determinación de su contendido en flúor y sílice. Pretende mejorar la rapidez de los análisis frente a los métodos químicos. El método fue estudiado, para la determinación del flúor, en anteriores tesis doctorales leídas en la Universidad de Oviedo ¿Desarrollo de un método rápido basado en técnicas de activa...

  8. Comparative in vitro biocompatibility of nickel-titanium, pure nickel, pure titanium, and stainless steel: genotoxicity and atomic absorption evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Assad, M; Lemieux, N; Rivard, C H; Yahia, L H

    1999-01-01

    The genotoxicity level of nickel-titanium (NiTi) was compared to that of its pure constituents, pure nickel (Ni) and pure titanium (Ti) powders, and also to 316L stainless steel (316L SS) as clinical reference material. In order to do so, a dynamic in vitro semiphysiological extraction was performed with all metals using agitation and ISO requirements. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were then cultured in the presence of all material extracts, and their comparative genotoxicity levels were assessed using electron microscopy-in situ end-labeling (EM-ISEL) coupled to immunogold staining. Cellular chromatin exposition to pure Ni and 316L SS demonstrated a significantly stronger gold binding than exposition to NiTi, pure Ti, or the untreated control. In parallel, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was also performed on all extraction media. The release of Ni atoms took the following decreasing distribution for the different resulting semiphysiological solutions: pure Ni, 316L SS, NiTi, Ti, and controls. Ti elements were detected after elution of pure titanium only. Both pure titanium and nickel-titanium specimens obtained a relative in vitro biocompatibility. Therefore, this quantitative in vitro study provides optimistic results for the eventual use of nickel-titanium alloys as surgical implant materials.

  9. Concurrence classes for general pure multipartite states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heydari, Hoshang

    2005-01-01

    We propose concurrence classes for general pure multipartite states based on an orthogonal complement of a positive operator-valued measure on quantum phase. In particular, we construct W m class, GHZ m , and GHZ m-1 class concurrences for general pure m-partite states. We give explicit expressions for W 3 and GHZ 3 class concurrences for general pure three-partite states and for W 4 , GHZ 4 and GHZ 3 class concurrences for general pure four-partite states

  10. Nuevas metodologías para la determinación de edulcorantes y otras sustancias polares mediante cromatografía líquida

    OpenAIRE

    Ordóñez Orjuela, Edgar Yesid

    2017-01-01

    Esta tesis ha investigado la determinación de edulcorantes de alta intensidad, en su mayoría sintéticos, en muestras medioambientales, de aguas y lodos, y en muestras de bebidas. Para ello se han investigado diferentes metodologías de preparación de muestra y de separación cromatográfica por cromatografía líquida (HPLC) combinada con la detección mediante espectrometría de masas en tándem (MS/MS). Finalmente se ha aplicado a muestras reales.

  11. Claves para la determinación de plantas vasculares. Crítica de traducción y propuesta de traducción.

    OpenAIRE

    García Pérez, Andrea

    2015-01-01

    Claves para la determinación de plantas vasculares forma parte de las obras de mayor importancia en el panorama de la botánica, tanto a nivel científico como académico. La comprensión de su contenido se ha visto alterada por una mala traducción de la obra original francesa. Es necesario que los traductores profesionales intervengan en el proceso de traducción para obtener un resultado acorde con la obra original y con las necesidades actuales. Grado en Traducción e Interpretaci...

  12. Polarized ensembles of random pure states

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deelan Cunden, Fabio; Facchi, Paolo; Florio, Giuseppe

    2013-08-01

    A new family of polarized ensembles of random pure states is presented. These ensembles are obtained by linear superposition of two random pure states with suitable distributions, and are quite manageable. We will use the obtained results for two purposes: on the one hand we will be able to derive an efficient strategy for sampling states from isopurity manifolds. On the other, we will characterize the deviation of a pure quantum state from separability under the influence of noise.

  13. Determinación de los niveles de plomo y cadmio en leche procesada en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C.

    OpenAIRE

    Pinzon Choque, Carlos Giovanni

    2015-01-01

    La leche y los productos lácteos han sido reconocidos en todo el mundo por su influencia beneficiosa sobre la salud humana. Los niveles de metales en concentraciones tóxicas son un componente importante de la seguridad y la calidad de la leche. Se desarrolló un método sencillo de extracción (digestión) asistida por microondas para la determinación posterior de los niveles de cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en leche líquida por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (AAE) con horno de grafito. Se ap...

  14. COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND LIKELIHOOD APPROXIMATION BY A GAUSSIANIZED BLACKWELL-RAO ESTIMATOR

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rudjord, Oe.; Groeneboom, N. E.; Eriksen, H. K.; Huey, Greg; Gorski, K. M.; Jewell, J. B.

    2009-01-01

    We introduce a new cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature likelihood approximation called the Gaussianized Blackwell-Rao estimator. This estimator is derived by transforming the observed marginal power spectrum distributions obtained by the CMB Gibbs sampler into standard univariate Gaussians, and then approximating their joint transformed distribution by a multivariate Gaussian. The method is exact for full-sky coverage and uniform noise and an excellent approximation for sky cuts and scanning patterns relevant for modern satellite experiments such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and Planck. The result is a stable, accurate, and computationally very efficient CMB temperature likelihood representation that allows the user to exploit the unique error propagation capabilities of the Gibbs sampler to high ls. A single evaluation of this estimator between l = 2 and 200 takes ∼0.2 CPU milliseconds, while for comparison, a singe pixel space likelihood evaluation between l = 2 and 30 for a map with ∼2500 pixels requires ∼20 s. We apply this tool to the five-year WMAP temperature data, and re-estimate the angular temperature power spectrum, C l , and likelihood, L(C l ), for l ≤ 200, and derive new cosmological parameters for the standard six-parameter ΛCDM model. Our spectrum is in excellent agreement with the official WMAP spectrum, but we find slight differences in the derived cosmological parameters. Most importantly, the spectral index of scalar perturbations is n s = 0.973 ± 0.014, 1.9σ away from unity and 0.6σ higher than the official WMAP result, n s = 0.965 ± 0.014. This suggests that an exact likelihood treatment is required to higher ls than previously believed, reinforcing and extending our conclusions from the three-year WMAP analysis. In that case, we found that the suboptimal likelihood approximation adopted between l = 12 and 30 by the WMAP team biased n s low by 0.4σ, while here we find that the same approximation

  15. Polarized ensembles of random pure states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cunden, Fabio Deelan; Facchi, Paolo; Florio, Giuseppe

    2013-01-01

    A new family of polarized ensembles of random pure states is presented. These ensembles are obtained by linear superposition of two random pure states with suitable distributions, and are quite manageable. We will use the obtained results for two purposes: on the one hand we will be able to derive an efficient strategy for sampling states from isopurity manifolds. On the other, we will characterize the deviation of a pure quantum state from separability under the influence of noise. (paper)

  16. Procedimiento para la determinación de la incertidumbre de la medición en análisis por activación neutrónica, método k_0

    OpenAIRE

    Bedregal, Patricia

    2002-01-01

    Este procedimiento ofrece una guía para la determinación de la incertidumbre de la medición en la técnica del análisis por activación neutrónica, utilizando el método del ksubcero, basado en la Guía Eurachem/CITAC, Quantiying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement.

  17. Tensor modes in pure natural inflation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nomura, Yasunori; Yamazaki, Masahito

    2018-05-01

    We study tensor modes in pure natural inflation [1], a recently-proposed inflationary model in which an axionic inflaton couples to pure Yang-Mills gauge fields. We find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio r is naturally bounded from below. This bound originates from the finiteness of the number of metastable branches of vacua in pure Yang-Mills theories. Details of the model can be probed by future cosmic microwave background experiments and improved lattice gauge theory calculations of the θ-angle dependence of the vacuum energy.

  18. Method of producing vegetable puree

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2004-01-01

    A process for producing a vegetable puree, comprising the sequential steps of: a)crushing, chopping or slicing the vegetable into pieces of 1 to 30 mm; b) blanching the vegetable pieces at a temperature of 60 to 90°C; c) contacted the blanched vegetable pieces with a macerating enzyme activity; d......) blending the macerated vegetable pieces and obtaining a puree....

  19. ActionScript Developer's Guide to PureMVC

    CERN Document Server

    Hall, Cliff

    2011-01-01

    Gain hands-on experience with PureMVC, the popular open source framework for developing maintainable applications with a Model-View-Controller architecture. In this concise guide, PureMVC creator Cliff Hall teaches the fundamentals of PureMVC development by walking you through the construction of a complete non-trivial Adobe AIR application. Through clear explanations and numerous ActionScript code examples, you'll learn best practices for using the framework's classes in your day-to-day work. Discover how PureMVC enables you to focus on the purpose and scope of your application, while the f

  20. Validación de un método de análisis para la determinación de metales pesados en partículas pM10 colectadas en aire ambiente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Herrera-Murillo

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Se validó un método de análisis para la determinación del contenido de metales presentes en partículas PM10 colectadas del aire ambiente de la ciudad de San José.Las muestras se tomaron utilizando dos muestreadores de aire de alto volumen con controlador de flujo, sobre filtros de cuarzo (20,3 cm x 25,4 cm, con un flujo promedio de 1,13 m3min-1 durante 24 h en dos sitios de la ciudad capital: Catedral Metropolitana y Junta de Educación de San José.  Para la determinación se utilizó espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito.Al analizar las muestras colectadas se determinó que las especies metálicas más abundantes son: Al, Fe y Mn; sin embargo solamente el Pb y Cu presentan factores de enriquecimiento importantes debido al posible aporte de actividades antropogénicas en la ciudad.

  1. Validación de un método de cromatografía líquida para la determinación de rifampicina en plasma humano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Moreno-Exebio

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Validar un método de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC para la determinación de rifampicina (RFP en plasma humano. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un método HPLC para la determinación de RFP en plasma. La separación fue realizada por cromatografía de fase reversa con una columna C18 y una fase móvil compuesta por una mezcla de acetonitrilo y solución amortiguadora de fosfato de potasio monobásico 0,05 M (38:62 v/v a 335 nm. En el cual se empleó como estándar interno rifampicina quinona (RFP-QN. Resultados. Los tiempos de retención de RFP y RFP-QN fueron 7,81 y 12,26 minutos, respectivamente. El ensayo fue lineal de 0,5 a 250 ug/mL Los parámetros evaluados de precisión, exactitud, selectividad, linealidad, recuperación cumplieron con lo establecido en las guías internacionales de validación de métodos bioanalíticos. Conclusiones. El método HPLC desarrollado es simple, específico, sensible, selectivo y lineal para un amplio rango de concentraciones de RFP en plasma

  2. Desarrollo de un sistema de suspensión magnética para la determinación de densidad de líquidos

    OpenAIRE

    Centeno González, Luz María; Castillo Castañeda, Eduardo; Becerra Santiago, Luis Omar; Rochín García, Alberto

    2013-01-01

    La densidad es una magnitud derivada de las magnitudes de base masa y longitud, está definida como masa por unidad de volumen y su unidad en el Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) es el kg/m3. En las últimas cinco décadas, en el ámbito de la metrología primaria, se han desarrollado sistemas de suspensión magnética para la determinación de densidad de fluidos, lo que ha permitido realizar investigaciones sobre las características físicas de líquidos y gases. El presente trabajo tiene como o...

  3. Determinación ambiental de la salud: un reto para Colombia /Environmental health determination: a challenge for Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan C. García-Ubaque

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad actual se ha visto abocada a dar respuestas articuladas y con una visión integradora a los temas de condiciones de salud de la población, el cuidado de los recursos naturales y la generación de mecanismos de crecimiento económico sostenible. El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar tres aspectos básicos sobre la determinación ambiental de la salud, como un punto focal que puede integrar estos tres desafíos. En primera instancia, se precisa la definición del ambiente en sus diferentes concepciones como determinante de la salud; en segundo lugar, se plantean diferentes enfoques en torno a la salud ambiental; y finalmente, se proponen algunos conceptos que pueden ayudar a orientar y enriquecer tanto la discusión como la práctica de la salud pública en el tema de la determinación ambiental de la salud y la calidad de vida. Adicionalmente se analizan los principales aportes de la Política Pública de Salud Ambiental de Bogotá como un prime Society has been committed to provide articulated and integrated answers regarding issues such as population health conditions, natural resources conservation and sustainable economic growth. This essay focuses on analyzing three basic aspects of environmental health determination as a focal subject in order to face these challenges. First, the definition of environment as a determinant of health is clarified. Second, different approaches concerning environmental health are presented. Finally, some concepts are proposed which may guide and enrich both the discussion and practice of public health in environmental health and quality of life determination. Additionally, the main contributions of the Environmental Health Public Policy in Bogotá (Política Pública de Salud Ambiental as a first step towards the social determination of health in Colombia are discussed

  4. Pure robotic retrocaval ureter repair

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ashok k. Hemal

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of pure robotic retrocaval ureter repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 33 year old female presented with right loin pain and obstruction on intravenous urography with the classical "fish-hook" appearance. She was counseled on the various methods of repair and elected to have a robot assisted repair. The following steps are performed during a pure robotic retrocaval ureter repair. The patient is placed in a modified flank position, pneumoperitoneum created and ports inserted. The colon is mobilized to expose the retroperitoneal structures: inferior vena cava, right gonadal vein, right ureter, and duodenum. The renal pelvis and ureter are mobilized and the renal pelvis transected. The ureter is transposed anterior to the inferior vena cava and a pyelopyelostomy is performed over a JJ stent. RESULTS: This patient was discharged on postoperative day 3. The catheter and drain tube were removed on day 1. Her JJ stent was removed at 6 weeks postoperatively. The postoperative intravenous urography at 3 months confirmed normal drainage of contrast medium. CONCLUSION: Pure robotic retrocaval ureter is a feasible procedure; however, there does not appear to be any great advantage over pure laparoscopy, apart from the ergonomic ease for the surgeon as well the simpler intracorporeal suturing.

  5. Characterizing commercial pureed foods: sensory, nutritional, and textural analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ettinger, Laurel; Keller, Heather H; Duizer, Lisa M

    2014-01-01

    Dysphagia (swallowing impairment) is a common consequence of stroke and degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Limited research is available on pureed foods, specifically the qualities of commercial products. Because research has linked pureed foods, specifically in-house pureed products, to malnutrition due to inferior sensory and nutritional qualities, commercial purees also need to be investigated. Proprietary research on sensory attributes of commercial foods is available; however direct comparisons of commercial pureed foods have never been reported. Descriptive sensory analysis as well as nutritional and texture analysis of commercially pureed prepared products was performed using a trained descriptive analysis panel. The pureed foods tested included four brands of carrots, of turkey, and two of bread. Each commercial puree was analyzed for fat (Soxhlet), protein (Dumas), carbohydrate (proximate analysis), fiber (total fiber), and sodium content (Quantab titrator strips). The purees were also texturally compared with a line spread test and a back extrusion test. Differences were found in the purees for sensory attributes as well as nutritional and textural properties. Findings suggest that implementation of standards is required to reduce variability between products, specifically regarding the textural components of the products. This would ensure all commercial products available in Canada meet standards established as being considered safe for swallowing.

  6. Vacuum evaporation of pure metals

    OpenAIRE

    Safarian, Jafar; Engh, Thorvald Abel

    2013-01-01

    Theories on the evaporation of pure substances are reviewed and applied to study vacuum evaporation of pure metals. It is shown that there is good agreement between different theories for weak evaporation, whereas there are differences under intensive evaporation conditions. For weak evaporation, the evaporation coefficient in Hertz-Knudsen equation is 1.66. Vapor velocity as a function of the pressure is calculated applying several theories. If a condensing surface is less than one collision...

  7. Pure natural inflation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nomura, Yasunori; Watari, Taizan; Yamazaki, Masahito

    2018-01-01

    We point out that a simple inflationary model in which the axionic inflaton couples to a pure Yang-Mills theory may give the scalar spectral index (ns) and tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) in complete agreement with the current observational data.

  8. Friabilidad del suelo: métodos de estimación con énfasis en la determinación cuantitativa de la resistencia al rompimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Edgar Alvaro Avila Pedraza

    2017-01-01

    Entender el comportamiento de la friabilidad permite la toma de decisiones apropiadas para la reducción del consumo de energía, el manejo y la conservación de la calidad física del suelo. Este artículo sintetiza los métodos utilizados actualmente para la determinación de la friabilidad del suelo, con énfasis en el método de resistencia al rompimiento -RR-. La friabilidad puede ser determinada a partir de métodos cualitativos, semicuantitativos y cuantitativos. El análisis cualitativo se basa ...

  9. Conformal pure radiation with parallel rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leistner, Thomas; Paweł Nurowski

    2012-01-01

    We define pure radiation metrics with parallel rays to be n-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian metrics that admit a parallel null line bundle K and whose Ricci tensor vanishes on vectors that are orthogonal to K. We give necessary conditions in terms of the Weyl, Cotton and Bach tensors for a pseudo-Riemannian metric to be conformal to a pure radiation metric with parallel rays. Then, we derive conditions in terms of the tractor calculus that are equivalent to the existence of a pure radiation metric with parallel rays in a conformal class. We also give analogous results for n-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian pp-waves. (paper)

  10. Pure spinor partition function and the massive superstring spectrum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aisaka, Yuri; Arroyo, E. Aldo; Berkovits, Nathan; Nekrasov, Nikita

    2008-01-01

    We explicitly compute up to the fifth mass-level the partition function of ten-dimensional pure spinor worldsheet variables including the spin dependence. After adding the contribution from the (x μ , θ α , p α ) matter variables, we reproduce the massive superstring spectrum. Even though pure spinor variables are bosonic, the pure spinor partition function contains fermionic states which first appear at the second mass-level. These fermionic states come from functions which are not globally defined in pure spinor space, and are related to the b ghost in the pure spinor formalism. This result clarifies the proper definition of the Hilbert space for pure spinor variables.

  11. Testing effects in mixed- versus pure-list designs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rowland, Christopher A; Littrell-Baez, Megan K; Sensenig, Amanda E; DeLosh, Edward L

    2014-08-01

    In the present study, we investigated the role of list composition in the testing effect. Across three experiments, participants learned items through study and initial testing or study and restudy. List composition was manipulated, such that tested and restudied items appeared either intermixed in the same lists (mixed lists) or in separate lists (pure lists). In Experiment 1, half of the participants received mixed lists and half received pure lists. In Experiment 2, all participants were given both mixed and pure lists. Experiment 3 followed Erlebacher's (Psychological Bulletin, 84, 212-219, 1977) method, such that mixed lists, pure tested lists, and pure restudied lists were given to independent groups. Across all three experiments, the final recall results revealed significant testing effects for both mixed and pure lists, with no reliable difference in the magnitude of the testing advantage across list designs. This finding suggests that the testing effect is not subject to a key boundary condition-list design-that impacts other memory phenomena, including the generation effect.

  12. Desarrollo de métodos cromatográficos para la determinación de esteroides (corticoides y anabolizantes) en piensos y aguas de consumo animal

    OpenAIRE

    Muñiz Valencia, Roberto

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo principal de esta memoria es el desarrollo de procedimientos cromatográficos, mediante HPLC y GC-MS para el análisis de mezclas complejas de esteroides (corticoides y anabolizantes). Debido a la dificultad intrínseca en la separación de estos compuestos (gran similitud estructural) y dentro de este contexto, se estudian aquellas variables que pueden afectar a la separación cromatográfica. Con posterioridad, se aplicarán las separaciones obtenidas a la determinación de estos compue...

  13. Tractable Quantification of Entanglement for Multipartite Pure States

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nian-Quan, Jiang; Yu-Jian, Wang; Yi-Zhuang, Zheng; Gen-Chang, Cai

    2008-01-01

    We present kth-order entanglement measure and global kth-order entanglement measure for multipartite pure states, and extend Bennett's measure of partial entropy for bipartite pure states to a multipartite case. These measures are computable and can effectively classify and quantify the entanglement of multipartite pure states. (general)

  14. Determinación de Rubidio y Estroncio con fines geocronológicos en rocas silicatadas mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica

    OpenAIRE

    Bea, Fernando; Polo Diez, L.; Gil Galindo, C.

    1980-01-01

    RESUMEN: Se propone un método para la determinación de Rubidio y Estroncio con fines geocronológicos en rocas silicatadas mediante Espectrofotometria de Absorción Atómica. Las disoluciones analíticas son estables, lo que permite la construcción de calibradosfácilmente a partir de rocas standards, con lo que se evitan las interferencias inter elementales. Estroncio y Rubidio se pueden determinar satisfactoriamente a partir de estos calibrados. Las interferencias interelementales sobre el estro...

  15. Uso de la generación de vapores en la determinación de metales traza por técnicas atómicas

    OpenAIRE

    Villanueva Alonso, Julia

    2012-01-01

    La generación de vapor es una técnica de introducción de muestra que ha sido empleada para incrementar la sensibilidad en la determinación de los elementos que forman hidruros usando diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas como AAS. (Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica), AFS (Espectroscopía de Fluorescencia Atómica) o ICPOES (Espectroscopía de Emisión Óptica con fuente de Plasma de Acoplamiento Inductivo). En las últimas décadas la aplicación de la generación de vapor se ha amp...

  16. Determinación de la relación entre descargas atmosféricas y perturbaciones de corta duración (sags y sobretensiones)

    OpenAIRE

    Murillo Sánchez, Oscar Javier

    2012-01-01

    Se muestra el desarrollo y los resultados de una metodología propuesta para la determinación de la correlación entre descargas eléctricas atmosféricas detectadas y registradas en una zona y los hundimientos de tensión (sags) registrados en el sistema de distribución asociado. Como ejemplo de aplicación se usa información del sistema de localización de rayos WWLLN (wwlln.net), el Sistema de información de Descarga SID (propiedad de ISA. S.A. E.S.P.) y las mediciones de calidad de potencia de C...

  17. Gate-Driven Pure Spin Current in Graphene

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Xiaoyang; Su, Li; Si, Zhizhong; Zhang, Youguang; Bournel, Arnaud; Zhang, Yue; Klein, Jacques-Olivier; Fert, Albert; Zhao, Weisheng

    2017-09-01

    The manipulation of spin current is a promising solution for low-power devices beyond CMOS. However, conventional methods, such as spin-transfer torque or spin-orbit torque for magnetic tunnel junctions, suffer from large power consumption due to frequent spin-charge conversions. An important challenge is, thus, to realize long-distance transport of pure spin current, together with efficient manipulation. Here, the mechanism of gate-driven pure spin current in graphene is presented. Such a mechanism relies on the electrical gating of carrier-density-dependent conductivity and spin-diffusion length in graphene. The gate-driven feature is adopted to realize the pure spin-current demultiplexing operation, which enables gate-controllable distribution of the pure spin current into graphene branches. Compared with the Elliott-Yafet spin-relaxation mechanism, the D'yakonov-Perel spin-relaxation mechanism results in more appreciable demultiplexing performance. The feature of the pure spin-current demultiplexing operation will allow a number of logic functions to be cascaded without spin-charge conversions and open a route for future ultra-low-power devices.

  18. Pure natural inflation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasunori Nomura

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available We point out that a simple inflationary model in which the axionic inflaton couples to a pure Yang–Mills theory may give the scalar spectral index (ns and tensor-to-scalar ratio (r in complete agreement with the current observational data.

  19. Pure chiral optical fibres.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poladian, L; Straton, M; Docherty, A; Argyros, A

    2011-01-17

    We investigate the properties of optical fibres made from chiral materials, in which a contrast in optical activity forms the waveguide, rather than a contrast in the refractive index; we refer to such structures as pure chiral fibres. We present a mathematical formulation for solving the modes of circularly symmetric examples of such fibres and examine the guidance and polarisation properties of pure chiral step-index, Bragg and photonic crystal fibre designs. Their behaviour is shown to differ for left- and right-hand circular polarisation, allowing circular polarisations to be isolated and/or guided by different mechanisms, as well as differing from equivalent non-chiral fibres. The strength of optical activity required in each case is quantified.

  20. Determinación comparativa de la calidad sensorial y química de salchichas industrializadas con salchichas a base de carne de pato (Anas platyrhynchos)

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Torres, Germán Saúl

    2014-01-01

    El presente trabajo de Investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una determinación comparativa de la calidad sensorial y química de salchichas industrializadas con salchichas a base de carne de pato. El trabajo se realizó utilizando las marcas más conocidas del mercado como: Otto Kunz, Breadt y la Segoviana, haciendo una prueba de análisis sensorial mediante la degustación de dichas salchichas mencionadas, realizado por un grupo de estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Alime...

  1. Determinación de los niveles de colesterol Ldl comparando el método precipitado vs la fórmula de friedewald en caninos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.H. Osorio

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available e l objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el método de precipitación con el método de fórmula de Friedewald para la determinación de colesterol L d L en caninos. Para ello, se tomaron muestras de sangre de 185 caninos adultos en estado de ayuno de diferente raza y sexo. s e determinaron los niveles de colesterol L d L mediante el método precipitado y pos - teriormente con el método de Friedewald. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante an O va de una vía. e l método precipitado reportó valores en mg/dl de: 52,40 promedio; 2,66 mínimo; 132,67 máximo; 130,01 rango y 24,29 de desviación estándar. Por su parte, ;;; y los valores del método de Friedewald en mg/dl fueron: 65,19 promedio; 4,55 mínimo; 184,20 máximo; 179,65 rango y 31,51 de desviación estándar. e l valor de p en el test F fue menor a 0.05, indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos métodos analizados con un nivel de confianza del 95,0%. e n conclusión se recomienda utilizar el método precipitado para la determinación de los niveles de colesterol L d L en caninos.

  2. Determinación de la calidad de la madera de construcción Determinación de la calidad de la madera de construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Leonardo Ruiz Jaime

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Determining the quality of wood is not a common research activity, due to ignorance of its effect on the overall quality of constructions. Wood quality can be considered as a combination of attributes that give it properties appropriate for specific uses. The wood used In this research experiment was donated by a local supplier in the City of Guanajuato. Mechanical properties, water content, and those characteristics necessary for visual grading and classification were judged according to Mexican standards. The analyzed sample easily complied with the requirements for class A, implying that it was of sufficient quality for use in the construction of houses, decorative details, and ramps.La determinación de la calidad de la madera es una actividad no acostumbrada, debido a la ignorancia de su efecto sobre el total de la obra. La calidad en una madera se puede considerar como una serie de atributos que le confieren propiedades para usos específicos. En esta investigación la madera de prueba se seleccionó de un lote de una empresa distribuidora de la ciudad de Guanajuato. Se determinaron las propiedades mecánicas, el contenido de humedad, así como las características necesarias para su calificación y clasificación visual de acuerdo con las normas mexicanas, observando que la madera del lote analizado cumple ampliamente con los requisitos para la calidad A, concluyendo que éstas tienen la calidad necesaria para la construcción tanto de vivienda como de estructuras auxiliares tales como: cimbras, andamios y rampas.

  3. On the importance of PURE - Public Understanding of Renewable Energy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Broman, Lars; Kandpal, Tara C.

    2013-09-15

    Public understanding of science (PUS) is a central concept among science communicators. Public understanding of renewable energy (PURE) is proposed as an important sub-concept of PUS. The aim of this paper is to interest and invite renewable energy scientists to join a PURE research project. Four separate important questions for a PURE research project can be identified: (A) Is PURE important? (B) Which issues of PURE are the most important ones, according to renewable energy scientists? (C) What understanding of renewable energy has the general public today, worldwide? (D) How to achieve PURE?.

  4. Bi-orderings on pure braided Thompson's groups

    OpenAIRE

    Burillo, Jose; Gonzalez-Meneses, Juan

    2006-01-01

    In this paper it is proved that the pure braided Thompson’s group BF admits a bi-order, analog to the bi-order of the pure braid groups. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional

  5. Modelos animales y células derivadas para su uso en la determinación de compuestos útiles en el tratamiento de linfomas de células T

    OpenAIRE

    Bustelo, Xosé R.; Ruiz Macías, Sergio; Santos de Dios, Eugenio

    2008-01-01

    Modelos animales y células derivadas para su uso en la determinación de compuestos útiles en el tratamiento de linfomas de células T. La presente invención se encuadra dentro del campo de la biotecnología. Se refiere a un método para evaluar si un compuesto es efectivo en la prevención y/o tratamiento de una enfermedad asociada a linfomas de células T.

  6. Isotopically pure single crystal epitaxial diamond films and their preparation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Banholzer, W.F.; Anthony, T.R.; Williams, D.M.

    1992-01-01

    The present invention is directed to the production of single crystal diamond consisting of isotopically pure carbon-12 or carbon-13. In the present invention, isotopically pure single crystal diamond is grown on a single crystal substrate directly from isotopically pure carbon-12 or carbon-13. One method for forming isotopically pure single crystal diamond comprises the steps of placing in a reaction chamber a single substrate heated to an elevated diamond forming temperature. Another method for forming isotopically pure single crystal diamond comprises diffusing isotopically pure carbon-12 or carbon-13 through a metallic catalyst under high pressure to a region containing a single crystal substrate to form an isotopically pure single crystal diamond layer on said single crystal substrate

  7. PSYCHE Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foroozandeh, Mohammadali; Morris, Gareth; Nilsson, Mathias

    2018-03-13

    Broadband homodecoupling techniques in NMR, also known as "pure shift" methods, aim to enhance spectral resolution by suppressing the effects of homonuclear coupling interactions to turn multiplet signals into singlets. Such techniques typically work by selecting a subset of "active" nuclear spins to observe, and selectively inverting the remaining, "passive", spins to reverse the effects of coupling. Pure Shift Yielded by Chirp Excitation (PSYCHE) is one such method; it is relatively recent, but has already been successfully implemented in a range of different NMR experiments. Paradoxically, PSYCHE is one of the trickiest of pure shift NMR techniques to understand but one of the easiest to use. Here we offer some insights into theoretical and practical aspects of the method, and into the effects and importance of the experimental parameters. Some recent improvements that enhance the spectral purity of PSYCHE spectra will be presented, and some experimental frameworks including examples in 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, for the implementation of PSYCHE will be introduced. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Variables de proceso en la determinación de la ansiedad generalizada y su generalización a otras medidas de ansiedad y depresión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel González

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available De acuerdo con el modelo explicativo propuesto por Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur y Freeston, para el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG, este estudio ex post facto se propone poner a prueba el papel que juegan las variables procesuales denominadas intolerancia hacia la incertidumbre, creencias sobre la preocupación y supresión de pensamientos en la determinación del TAG, así como la participación de estas variables en la determinación de otros trastornos de ansiedad y del estado de ánimo. Para ello se evaluó a una muestra de 503 adultos en ansiedad generalizada, componentes del ataque de pánico, pensamiento obsesivo, miedo a la evaluación negativa y depresión. Los resultados indicaron que esos tres procesos, además de en la ansiedad generalizada, también se encuentran en las otras variables medidas, pero con variaciones apreciables. Estas variaciones van desde la no aparición de los tres procesos a su aparición, pero con pesos explicativos diferentes. El papel central atribuido en el modelo a la intolerancia hacia la incertidumbre se modifica en el caso del pensamiento obsesivo, pasando a ser en esta ocasión la evitación cognitiva. Se discuten los resultados en relación con la generalización de las variables de procesos a otros trastornos, especialmente en aquéllos más comórbidos con el TAG.

  9. Texture and Microtexture of Pure (6N and Commercially Pure Aluminum after Deformation by Extrusion with Forward-Backward Rotating Die (Kobo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bieda M.

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Pure aluminium (6N and commercially pure aluminium (99.7 was deformed by KOBO method. Microstructure and texture of both materials after deformation was analyzed by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Advanced methods of crystallographic orientations measurements like Electron Backscatter Diffraction - EBSD (SEM and microdiffraction (TEM was used. Grain size distribution and misorientation between grains in cross and longitudinal sections of the samples were analyzed. Differences in size and homogeneity of the grains were observed in both materials. Pure aluminium was characterized by larger grain size in both sections of extruded material. Whereas commercially pure aluminium reveals smaller grain size and more homogeneous and stable microstructure.

  10. Determinación de sales solubles y eflorescencias en tejas cerámicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amorós, J. L.

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available The appearance of efflorescences constitutes a serious problem for ceramic roofing tile quality, since efflorescences affect roofing tile technical and aesthetic qualities. This paper describes a method of determining the soluble salts present in the raw materials used in ceramic roofing tile manufacture and in the resulting roofing tiles, as well as an analysis of the phases in roofing tile efflorescences. The study was divided into three parts. First, a method of determining the soluble salts was developed, optimising the extraction method and fine-tuning an anion measurement method by ionic chromatography. Secondly, the changes in solubility, as well as the chemical and structural changes that occurred when the raw materials were subjected to firing, were studied. Finally, the efflorescences of a group of unfired and fired ceramic roofing tiles were characterised, in order to relate them to the quantity and type of soluble salts contained. The study concludes that it is necessary to conduct solubility tests on fired samples under real conditions, since important structural changes occur in the firing process, which lead to considerable variations in the soluble salts. Furthermore, in addition to analysing Na(I, K(I, and Mg(II as indicated in the standard, it is advisable to determine Ca(II and SO4 2-, since these are the major components in the efflorescences.

    La aparición de eflorescencias constituye un serio problema para la calidad de las tejas cerámicas ya que afectan a las características técnicas y estéticas de éstas. En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio del método de determinación de las sales solubles presentes en materias primas y en tejas cerámicas, así como un análisis de fases de las eflorescencias halladas. El trabajo se ha dividido en tres fases. Primero, se ha desarrollado un método de determinación de las sales solubles, optimizando el método de extracción y poniendo a punto

  11. Determinación de la vida útil de frutas inmersas en dos tipos de geles a T° ambiente en períodos estacionales

    OpenAIRE

    León Chumbiauca, Etelvina Carmen

    2015-01-01

    La determinación de la vida útil de frutas inmersas en dos tipos de geles a T° ambiente en periodos estacionales, se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Química Orgánica-Chucuito los frutos en estado verde: manzana, Pyrus malus y plátanos Musa sapientum se adquirieron en el mercado del Callao. Se evaluaron las características organolépticas de acuerdo a las Normas Técnicas Peruana NTP 011.002, 2014 y NTP 011.005, 2014, y las características físico químicas de: PH con Peachímetro digital, °Brix ...

  12. Nuevas estrategias analíticas enfocadas a estudios de determinación y distribución de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en el medio ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Casado Agrelo, Jorge

    2016-01-01

    En esta Tesis Doctoral se describe el desarrollo y la aplicación de nuevas estrategias de análisis útiles para la determinación de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en muestras medioambientales. Concretamente, las familias estudiadas son los benzotriazoles inhibidores de procesos de corrosión, los estabilizadores UV benzotriazólicos (Tinuvin), y los fármacos antimicóticos. Los métodos de análisis desarrollados consisten en una primera etapa de preparación de muestra mediante SPE, SPME o DLLME...

  13. Lectures on the theory of pure motives

    CERN Document Server

    Murre, Jacob P; A, Chris

    2013-01-01

    The theory of motives was created by Grothendieck in the 1960s as he searched for a universal cohomology theory for algebraic varieties. The theory of pure motives is well established as far as the construction is concerned. Pure motives are expected to have a number of additional properties predicted by Grothendieck's standard conjectures, but these conjectures remain wide open. The theory for mixed motives is still incomplete. This book deals primarily with the theory of pure motives. The exposition begins with the fundamentals: Grothendieck's construction of the category of pure motives and examples. Next, the standard conjectures and the famous theorem of Jannsen on the category of the numerical motives are discussed. Following this, the important theory of finite dimensionality is covered. The concept of Chow-K�nneth decomposition is introduced, with discussion of the known results and the related conjectures, in particular the conjectures of Bloch-Beilinson type. We finish with a chapter on relative m...

  14. Comparación de dos metodologías para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas en agua potable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jairo Arturo Guerrero Dallos

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio comparativo de dos metodologías para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas en agua potable con el fin de establecer cuál de ellas es más adecuada como metodología de análisis. Las metodologías evaluadas involucraron extracción en fase sólida empleando el adsorbente polimérico LiChrolut®EN y extracción líquido-líquido utilizando n-hexano como solvente de extracción. La determinación se realizó por cromatografía de gases con detectores μ-ECD y NPD. El estudio involucró 50 plaguicidas, entre los que se encuentran diferentes familias químicas, tales como organofosforados, organoclorados y piretroides entre otros. Para comparar las metodologías, se evaluó la capacidad de detección y cuantificación estableciendo los límites de detección y cuantificación; la exactitud con experimentos de recuperación y la dispersión por medio de la precisión. Se estableció que estas presentan detección adecuada frente a las concentraciones máximas permitidas por la normativa colombiana, excepto para el insecticida monocrotofos, para el cual se obtuvo un límite de detección superior al exigido. Los experimentos de recuperación mostraron que la totalidad de plaguicidas organoclorados y piretroides pueden ser analizados empleando extracción líquido-líquido, mientras que la extracción en fase sólida es más adecuada para los plaguicidas más polares, tales como los organofosforados y azoles. Se determinó que 22 compuestos se pueden analizar por cualquiera de las dos metodologías, que por extracción en fase solida es posible analizar 36 de los 50 compuestos evaluados mientras que empleando extracción líquido-líquido se pueden analizar 28 de ellos.

  15. Determinación de la eficiencia de un tratamiento aerobio de aguas residuales, con la aplicación de un sistema contactor biológico rotante (Biodiscos)

    OpenAIRE

    Cordero Espinosa, Claudia Mercedes; Guerrero Bacuilima, Diana Elizabeth; Sinche Valencia, Pablo Esteban

    2008-01-01

    La presente investigación hace referencia a la determinación de la eficiencia de un tratamiento aerobio de aguas residuales, con la aplicación de un sistema Contactor Biológico Rotante de biodiscos a escala de laboratorio. El Sistema de Biodiscos está conformado por: un tanque sedimentador primario, un tanque reactor de biodiscos, y un tanque de sedimentación secundaria. La sedimentación primaria, tiene el objetivo de remover sólidos sedimentables y material flotante del agua residual c...

  16. Pure energy solutions - pure tomorrows

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Allison, J.

    2006-01-01

    HTC is an energy technology company whose mandate is to deliver 'Carbon Clear Solutions' to address the pending challenges the energy sector is facing in meeting the environmental impact of Greenhouse Gas emissions, and energy security. HTC will speak on its comprehensive suite of technologies including hydrogen production, CO 2 capture and CO 2 sequestration. HTC has patented technologies that produce H 2 from a broad variety of feedstocks such as Natural gas, Diesel, Gasoline, Bio-fuels i.e. ethanol, methanol and Coal Gasification. HTC Hydrogen reformation systems are unique in their method of delivering pure Hydrogen. Dry Reformation Reactor - New catalyst system designed to eliminate contamination problems (i.e. coking) while at the same time operate at a low temperature. Water Gas Shift Reactor - Plus - improved and redesigned catalyst that improves operating temperature and hydrogen production efficiency. Two stage catalyst reactor that provides near balance of the endothermic and exothermic reaction temperatures for efficient energy balance

  17. Pure γ-families

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dunaevskii, A.M.

    1977-01-01

    The subject of this work are pure gamma families consisting of the gamma quanta produced in the early stages of cosmic cascades. The criteria of selecting these families from the all measured families are presented. The characteristics of these families are given and some conclusions about the mechanism of the nuclear-electromagnetic cascades are extracted. (S.B.)

  18. Pure spinor integration from the collating formula

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grassi, P.A.; Sommovigo, L.

    2011-01-01

    We use the technique developed by Becchi and Imbimbo to construct a well-defined BRST-invariant path integral formulation of pure spinor amplitudes. The space of pure spinors can be viewed from the algebraic geometry point of view as a collection of open sets where the constraints can be solved and a set of free and independent variables can be defined. On the intersections of those open sets, the functional measure jumps and one has to add boundary terms to construct a well-defined path integral. The result is the definition of the pure spinor integration measure constructed in terms of differential forms on each single patch.

  19. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bell, Ian H.; Wronski, Jorrit; Quoilin, Sylvain

    2014-01-01

    property correlations described here have been implemented into CoolProp, an open-source thermophysical property library. This library is written in C++, with wrappers available for the majority of programming languages and platforms of technical interest. As of publication, 110 pure and pseudo-pure fluids...... are included in the library, as well as properties of 40 incompressible fluids and humid air. The source code for the CoolProp library is included as an electronic annex....

  20. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics publishes papers of the highest quality and significance in specific areas of physics, pure and applied, as listed below. The journal content reflects core physics disciplines, but is also open to a broad range of topics whose central theme falls within the bounds of physics.

  1. Refurbishment of JMTR pure water facility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asano, Norikazu; Hanakawa, Hiroki; Kusunoki, Hidehiko; Satou, Shinichi

    2012-05-01

    In the refurbishment of JMTR, facilities were classified into which (1) were all updated, (2) were partly updated, and (3) were continuance used by the considerations of the maintenance history, the change parts availability and the latest technology. The JMTR pure water facility was classified into all updated facility based on the consideration. The Update construction was conducted in between FY2007 and FY2008. The refurbishment of JMTR pure water facility is summarized in this report. (author)

  2. Determinación de características físicas en semillas de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. mediante procesamiento digital de imágenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Percy Arapa Carcasi

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Las propiedades físicas de las semillas influencian parámetros de trabajo en los equipos y son esenciales para el diseño de estos y de instalaciones para la recolección, cosecha, transporte, separación, secado, aireación, almacenamiento y procesamiento. En la determinación de propiedades físicas algunas dependen o se originan de las dimensiones ortogonales. Los granos o semillas de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. se caracterizan por su pequeño tamaño. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar características físicas en semillas de quinua mediante procesamiento digital de imágenes. Se usaron computadoras, cámaras digitales y un escáner. Se utilizaron dos muestras de quinua procesada. Con la primera muestra se ensayaron los programas PHOTO-PAINT, Photoshop, Paint, SmartGrain y GrainScan para comparación. Con Photoshop se determinó el color en porción de granos y de harina. Con la segunda muestra se midieron dimensiones con PHOTO-PAINT, que no ofreció diferencias con Photoshop y Paint, para la determinación de las características físicas. Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas (p 0,05 entre los programas (PHOTO-PAINT, SmartGrain y GrainScan. Los valores de las coordenadas colorimétricas en la muestra de semillas de quinua fueron L* 70, a* 8 y b* 44 y en la harina L* 71, a* 3 y b* 34. La segunda muestra presentó valores promedios de largo 2,3638; ancho 2,0129 y espesor 1,0605 mm.

  3. Archives: Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 1 - 20 of 20 ... Archives: Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Journal Home > Archives: Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  4. Archives: Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 1 - 6 of 6 ... Archives: Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. Journal Home > Archives: Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  5. Thermomechanical characterization of pure polycrystalline tantalum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rittel, D.; Bhattacharyya, A.; Poon, B.; Zhao, J.; Ravichandran, G.

    2007-01-01

    The thermomechanical behavior of pure polycrystalline tantalum has been characterized over a wide range of strain rates, using the recently developed shear compression specimen [D. Rittel, S. Lee, G. Ravichandran, Experimental Mechanics 42 (2002) 58-64]. Dynamic experiments were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar, and the specimen's temperature was monitored throughout the tests using an infrared radiometer. The results of the mechanical tests confirm previous results on pure Ta. Specifically, in addition to its significant strain rate sensitivity, it was observed that pure Ta exhibits very little strain hardening at high strain rates. The measured temperature rise in the specimen's gauge was compared to theoretical predictions which assume a total conversion of the mechanical energy into heat (β = 1) [G.I. Taylor, H. Quinney, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. A, 1934, pp. 307-326], and an excellent agreement was obtained. This result confirms the previous result of Kapoor and Nemat-Nasser [R. Kapoor, S. Nemat-Nasser, Mech. Mater. 27 (1998) 1-12], while a different experimental approach was adopted here. The assumption that β = 1 is found to be justified in this specific case by the lack of dynamic strain hardening of pure Ta. However, this assumption should be limited to non-hardening materials, to reflect the fact that strain hardening implies that part of the mechanical energy is stored into the material's microstructure

  6. Determinación de la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos de cereales andinos: quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) y kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

    OpenAIRE

    Repo de Carrasco, Ritva; Encina Zelada, Christian Rene

    2008-01-01

    Se realizó la extracción de compuestos hidrofílicos y lipofílicos de cereales andinos, siendo el de mayor contenido en ambos casos la muestra de kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule variedad cupi), siguiendo la de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa ecotipo marrón) y finalmente la kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus ecotipo negra). Se realizó la determinación del contenido de compuestos fenólicos en quince variedades de quinua, siendo la de mayor contenido la variedad PIQ031046 con 139,94 mg ácido gálico/100 g; ...

  7. Pure transvaginal excision of mesh erosion involving the bladder.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Firoozi, Farzeen; Goldman, Howard B

    2013-06-01

    We present a pure transvaginal approach to the removal of eroded mesh involving the bladder secondary to placement of transvaginal mesh for management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) using a mesh kit. Although technically challenging, we demonstrate the feasibility of a purely transvaginal approach, avoiding a potentially more morbid transabdominal approach. The video presents the surgical technique of pure transvaginal excision of mesh erosion involving the bladder after mesh placement using a prolapse kit was performed. This video shows that purely transvaginal removal of mesh erosion involving the bladder can be done safely and is feasible.

  8. Comparison of hydrogen storage properties of pure Mg and milled ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    increase the hydriding and dehydriding rates, pure Mg was ground under hydrogen atmosphere (reactive .... Hydrogen storage properties of pure Mg and milled pure Mg. 833. Figure 3. ... elongated and flat shapes via collisions with the steel.

  9. Comparación de los métodos Directo y de Friedewald para la determinación de los niveles de colesterol LDL en el equino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Osório O.

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar el método Directo con el método de precipitación de Friedewald para la determinación de colesterol LDL en una especie con patrón metabólico HDL. Materiales y métodos. Fueron tomadas en estado de ayuno, muestras de sangre de 200 equinos de diferente edad, raza y sexo. Luego de extraer el suero, fueron determinados los niveles de colesterol LDL mediante el método directo, posteriormente fueron determinados los niveles de colesterol LDL utilizando el método de Friedewald. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante ANOVA de una vía. Resultados. El método directo reportó valores (mg/dl de promedio, mínimo, máximo, rango y desviación estándar de 27.9; 14; 51; 37; 6.4 respectivamente, mediante el método de Friedewald se obtuvieron valores (mg/dl de promedio, mínimo, máximo, rango y desviación estándar de 29; 11.2; 54.2; 43; 7.0 respectivamente. El valor de P en el test F fue mayor o igual a 0.05, por lo cual no se evidenció diferencia significativa a un nivel de confidencia del 95% entre los valores obtenidos por los dos métodos. Conclusiones. Pueden ser utilizados cualquiera de los dos métodos analizados para la determinación del colesterol LDL en especies con patrón HDL.

  10. Purificación y determinación de actividad enzimática de la catalasa en Staphylococcus aureus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Marin Arguello

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Ampliamente distribuida en células animales, vegetales y micro- organismos, la catalasa es una enzima crucial para la vida. Su función catalítica es la descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno (HOY, compuesto altamente tóxico y generado en los procesos metabólicos de la célula. Esta enzima en Staphylococcus aureus es una proteína tetramérica presentando grupos hemos y moléculas de NADPH en su estructura. La determinación espectrofotométrica de los parámetros cinéticos (Km, Vmax. y otros en dependencia del pH y temperatura nos podría permitir regular su actividad enzimática. La enzima manifiesta un Km de 50mM y la presencia de dos aminoácidos (Histidina y Cisteína en el sitio activo aparentemente son fundamentales en el proceso de catálisis.

  11. Pure Science and Applied Science

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert J. Aumann

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available (Excerpt The name of my talk is Pure Science and Applied Science, and the idea I would like to sell to you today is that there is no such thing as “pure” or “applied” science. In other words, there is such a thing as science, but there is no difference between pure and applied science. Science is one entity and cannot be separated into different categories. In order to back that up, I would like to tell you a little story. As an undergraduate, I studied mathematics at City College in New York. At that time, what was called Pure Mathematics was in vogue, and the more prominent mathematicians were a little contemptuous of any kind of application. A very famous, prominent mathematician in the first half of the previous century by the name of G. H. Hardy, who was in a branch of mathematics called number theory, said that the only thing he regretted was that he unwittingly did some important work in mathematical genetics that eventually turned out to have some application. … Such was the atmosphere in the late ’40s of the previous century and, being a young man and impressionable, I was swept up in this atmosphere.

  12. AdS pure spinor superstring in constant backgrounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chandia, Osvaldo; Bevilaqua, L. Ibiapina; Vallilo, Brenno Carlini

    2014-01-01

    In this paper we study the pure spinor formulation of the superstring in AdS_5×S"5 around point particle solutions of the classical equations of motion. As a particular example we quantize the pure spinor string in the BMN background

  13. Graph Theory to Pure Mathematics: Some Illustrative Examples

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Graph Theory to Pure Mathematics: Some. Illustrative Examples v Yegnanarayanan is a. Professor of Mathematics at MNM Jain Engineering. College, Chennai. His research interests include graph theory and its applications to both pure maths and theoretical computer science. Keywords. Graph theory, matching theory,.

  14. Expander graphs in pure and applied mathematics

    OpenAIRE

    Lubotzky, Alexander

    2012-01-01

    Expander graphs are highly connected sparse finite graphs. They play an important role in computer science as basic building blocks for network constructions, error correcting codes, algorithms and more. In recent years they have started to play an increasing role also in pure mathematics: number theory, group theory, geometry and more. This expository article describes their constructions and various applications in pure and applied mathematics.

  15. Validación de la técnica para la determinación de catequina en tabletas de Rhizophora mangle L. por CLAR Validation of the technique to assessment of tablets Catechin from Rhizophora mangle L. by HPLC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz María Sánchez Perrería

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó la validación del método de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución para la determinación cuantitativa de catequina como sustancia marcador en las tabletas obtenidas a partir del extracto seco de las cortezas de Rhizophora mangle L., empleadas en el tratamiento de úlceras gastroduodenales. Considerando que el método se clasifica como tal para la determinación cuantitativa del compuesto mayoritario o ingrediente activo en formulaciones o materia prima, se evaluaron los parámetros: especificidad, linealidad, exactitud, sensibilidad y precisión expresada en sus 2 formas: repetibilidad y precisión intermedia. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el método empleado es confiable, pues permitió la determinación del compuesto en presencia de otras sustancias, incluyendo excipientes y sustancias auxiliares, y detectó la presencia de productos de degradación. Además, el procesamiento estadístico de los resultados evidenció la linealidad, precisión, sensibilidad y exactitud del método.Authors made the high-performance liquid chromatography method validation to the quantitative assessment of cathechin as a marker substance in tablets obtained from the bark of Rhizophora mangle L. dry extract used in gastroduodenal ulcers treatment. Considering that this method as such is classified to quantitative assessment of the major compound or active ingredient in formulae or raw material, the following parameters were assessed : linearity, accuracy, sensitivity and precision expressed in its two ways: repetition and intermediate precision. Results obtained showed that this method is reliable allowing the compound assessment in presence of other substances, including excipients and auxilliary substances and to detect the presence of degradation products. Also, the statistical processing of results evidenced the linearity, precision, sensitivity and accuracy of this method.

  16. Pure odd-order oscillators with constant excitation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cveticanin, L.

    2011-02-01

    In this paper the excited vibrations of a truly nonlinear oscillator are analyzed. The excitation is assumed to be constant and the nonlinearity is pure (without a linear term). The mathematical model is a second-order nonhomogeneous differential equation with strong nonlinear term. Using the first integral, the exact value of period of vibration i.e., angular frequency of oscillator described with a pure nonlinear differential equation with constant excitation is analytically obtained. The closed form solution has the form of gamma function. The period of vibration depends on the value of excitation and of the order and coefficient of the nonlinear term. For the case of pure odd-order-oscillators the approximate solution of differential equation is obtained in the form of trigonometric function. The solution is based on the exact value of period of vibration. For the case when additional small perturbation of the pure oscillator acts, the so called 'Cveticanin's averaging method' for a truly nonlinear oscillator is applied. Two special cases are considered: one, when the additional term is a function of distance, and the second, when damping acts. To prove the correctness of the method the obtained results are compared with those for the linear oscillator. Example of pure cubic oscillator with constant excitation and linear damping is widely discussed. Comparing the analytically obtained results with exact numerical ones it is concluded that they are in a good agreement. The investigations reported in the paper are of special interest for those who are dealing with the problem of vibration reduction in the oscillator with constant excitation and pure nonlinear restoring force the examples of which can be found in various scientific and engineering systems. For example, such mechanical systems are seats in vehicles, supports for machines, cutting machines with periodical motion of the cutting tools, presses, etc. The examples can be find in electronics

  17. Evaluación del método cromogénico cinético para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg.

    OpenAIRE

    Nancy Burguet-Lago; Aylid Suárez-Castillo; Yamilka Herrera-Ledesma

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el método de lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL) en su variante cromogénica cinética para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg. Esta variante moni torea el desarrollo de color a través del tiempo y emplea una curva estándar representada por el tiempo de reacción en función de la concentración conocida de endotoxinas, en un rango de 0,005 a 50 UE/mL...

  18. Determinismo-indeterminación y el debate de los determinantes-determinación social de la salud / Determinism–indetermination and the debate on determinants- social determination of health

    OpenAIRE

    Fernando Peñaranda; Carlos E. Rendón

    2013-01-01

    El debate entre determinantes sociales de la salud o determinación social de la salud, promovido por la medicina social latinoamericana a raíz de la propuesta presentada por la Comisión sobre los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de la oms, pasa por analizar la tensión entre determinismo e indeterminismo y sus repercusiones para concebir la causalidad desde un punto de vista histórico y epistemológico. Este artículo presenta algunas tendencias sobre la visión cosm...

  19. AdS pure spinor superstring in constant backgrounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chandia, Osvaldo [Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez,Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez,Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago (Chile); Bevilaqua, L. Ibiapina [Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,Caixa Postal 1524, 59072-970, Natal, RN (Brazil); Vallilo, Brenno Carlini [Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello,Republica 220, Santiago (Chile)

    2014-06-05

    In this paper we study the pure spinor formulation of the superstring in AdS{sub 5}×S{sup 5} around point particle solutions of the classical equations of motion. As a particular example we quantize the pure spinor string in the BMN background.

  20. Similarities and differences between learning abilities, "pure" learning disabilities, "pure" ADHD and comorbid ADHD with learning disabilities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mangina, Constantine A; Beuzeron-Mangina, Helen

    2009-08-01

    This research pursues the crucial question of the differentiation of preadolescents with "Pure" ADHD, comorbid ADHD with learning disabilities, "Pure" learning disabilities and age-matched normal controls. For this purpose, Topographic Mapping of Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) to a Memory Workload Paradigm with visually presented words, Bilateral Electrodermal Activity during cognitive workload and Mangina-Test performance were used. The analysis of Topographic distribution of amplitudes revealed that normal preadolescents were significantly different from "Pure" ADHD (Plearning disabilities (Plearning disabilities (Plearning disabilities have shown a marked reduction of prefrontal and frontal negativities (N450). As for the "Pure" Learning Disabled preadolescents, very small positivities (P450) in prefrontal and frontal regions were obtained as compared to the other pathological groups. Bilateral Electrodermal Activity during cognitive workload revealed a significant main effect for groups (P<0.00001), Left versus Right (P=0.0029) and sessions (P=0.0136). A significant main effect for the Mangina-Test performance which separated the four groups was found (P<0.000001). Overall, these data support the existence of clear differences and similarities between the pathological preadolescent groups as opposed to age-matched normal controls. The psychophysiological differentiation of these groups, provides distinct biological markers which integrate central, autonomic and neuropsychometric variables by targeting the key features of these pathologies for diagnosis and intervention strategies and by providing knowledge for the understanding of normal neurocognitive processes and functions.

  1. Corrosion of pure magnesium under thin electrolyte layers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Tao; Chen Chongmu; Shao Yawei; Meng Guozhe; Wang Fuhui; Li Xiaogang; Dong Chaofang

    2008-01-01

    The corrosion behavior of pure magnesium was investigated by means of cathodic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) under aerated and deaerated thin electrolyte layers (TEL) with various thicknesses. Based on shot noise theory and stochastic theory, the EN results were quantitatively analyzed by using the Weibull and Gumbel distribution function, respectively. The results show that the cathodic process of pure magnesium under thin electrolyte layer was dominated by hydrogen reduction. With the decreasing of thin electrolyte layer thickness, cathodic process was retarded slightly while the anodic process was inhibited significantly, which indicated that both the cathodic and anodic process were inhibited in the presence of oxygen. The absence of oxygen decreased the corrosion resistance of pure magnesium in case of thin electrolyte layer. The corrosion was more localized under thin electrolyte layer than that in bulk solution. The results also demonstrate that there exist two kinds of effects for thin electrolyte layer on the corrosion behavior of pure magnesium: (1) the rate of pit initiation was evidently retarded compared to that in bulk solution; (2) the probability of pit growth oppositely increased. The corrosion model of pure magnesium under thin electrolyte layer was suggested in the paper

  2. Engineering arbitrary pure and mixed quantum states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pechen, Alexander

    2011-01-01

    Controlled manipulation by atomic- and molecular-scale quantum systems has attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. A fundamental problem is to provide deterministic methods for controlled engineering of arbitrary quantum states. This work proposes a deterministic method for engineering arbitrary pure and mixed states of a wide class of quantum systems. The method exploits a special combination of incoherent and coherent controls (incoherent and coherent radiation) and has two properties which are specifically important for manipulating by quantum systems: it realizes the strongest possible degree of their state control, complete density matrix controllability, meaning the ability to steer arbitrary pure and mixed initial states into any desired pure or mixed final state, and it is all-to-one, such that each particular control transfers all initial system states into one target state.

  3. Determinación de prioridades en salud con participación social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herio de Jesús Toledo Vila

    1996-06-01

    Full Text Available Al finalizar el año 1993 se discutieron con la población del área de salud del Policlínico Comunitario Docente 26 de Julio de Ciudad de La Habana, los diagnósticos de la situación de salud correspondientes a 46 sectores atendidos por médicos y enfermeras de la familia. Con los líderes formales e informales de cada uno de esos sectores, se identificaron los problemas de salud. Posteriormente se realizó la toma de decisiones por estos líderes, mediante la determinación de prioridades de dichos problemas, y se utilizó para ello el método de Hanlon; también se confeccionaron los respectivos planes de acción. Por medio de la creación de un programa de computación se obtuvieron los resultados y las conclusiones aplicables al área de salud.By the end of 1993, the health status diagnoses of 46 sectors receiving medical attention from family physicians and nurses were discussed with the population from the health area of the "26 de Julio" Community Teaching Polyclinic, Havana City. Health problems were identified with the help of formal and informal leaders from each sector. Later on, these leaders made decisions by determining the priorities of such problems. Hanlon's method was used, and the respective plans of action were designed. Results were obtained and conclusions applicable to the health area were reached by means of a computer programme.

  4. Complex windmill transformation producing new purely magnetic fluids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lozanovski, C; Wylleman, L

    2011-01-01

    Minimal complex windmill transformations of G 2 IB(ii) spacetimes (admitting a two-dimensional Abelian group of motions of the so-called Wainwright B(ii) class) are defined and the compatibility with a purely magnetic Weyl tensor is investigated. It is shown that the transformed spacetimes cannot be perfect fluids or purely magnetic Einstein spaces. We then determine which purely magnetic perfect fluids (PMpfs) can be windmill-transformed into purely magnetic anisotropic fluids (PMafs). Assuming separation of variables, complete integration produces two, algebraically general, G 2 I-B(ii) PMpfs: a solution with zero 4-acceleration vector and spatial energy-density gradient, previously found by the authors, and a new solution in terms of Kummer's functions, where these vectors are aligned and non-zero. The associated windmill PMafs are rotating but non-expanding. Finally, an attempt to relate the spacetimes to each other by a simple procedure leads to a G 2 I-B(ii) one-parameter PMaf generalization of the previously found metric.

  5. Purely leptonic currents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gourdin, M.

    1976-01-01

    In most gauge theories weak neutral currents appear as a natural consequence of the models, but the specific properties are not predicted in a general way. In purely leptonic interactions the structure of these currents can be tested without making assumptions about the weak couplings of the hadrons. The influence of neutral currents appearing in the process e + e - → μ + μ - can be measured using the polarization of the outgoing myons. (BJ) [de

  6. Language as Pure Potential

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Joseph Sung-Yul

    2016-01-01

    Language occupies a crucial position in neoliberalism, due to the reimagination of language as commodified skill. This paper studies the role of language ideology in this transformation by identifying a particular ideology that facilitates this process, namely the ideology which views language as pure potential. Neoliberalism treats language as a…

  7. Dahlbeck and Pure Ontology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mackenzie, Jim

    2016-01-01

    This article responds to Johan Dahlbeck's "Towards a pure ontology: Children's bodies and morality" ["Educational Philosophy and Theory," vol. 46 (1), 2014, pp. 8-23 (EJ1026561)]. His arguments from Nietzsche and Spinoza do not carry the weight he supposes, and the conclusions he draws from them about pedagogy would be…

  8. Hydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haro, Alexander J.; Mulligan, Kevin; Suro, Thomas P.; Noreika, John; McHugh, Amy

    2017-10-16

    Recent efforts to advance river connectivity for the Millstone River watershed in New Jersey have led to the evaluation of a low-flow gauging weir that spans the full width of the river. The methods and results of a desktop modelling exercise were used to evaluate the potential ability of three anadromous fish species (Alosa sapidissima [American shad], Alosa pseudoharengus [alewife], and Alosa aestivalis [blueback herring]) to pass upstream over the U.S. Geological Survey Blackwells Mills streamgage (01402000) and weir on the Millstone River, New Jersey, at various streamflows, and to estimate the probability that the weir will be passable during the spring migratory season. Based on data from daily fishway counts downstream from the Blackwells Mills streamgage and weir between 1996 and 2014, the general migratory period was defined as April 14 to May 28. Recorded water levels and flow data were used to theoretically estimate water depths and velocities over the weir, as well as flow exceedances occurring during the migratory period.Results indicate that the weir is a potential depth barrier to fish passage when streamflows are below 200 cubic feet per second using a 1-body-depth criterion for American shad (the largest fish among the target species). Streamflows in that range occur on average 35 percent of the time during the migratory period. An increase of the depth criterion to 2 body depths causes the weir to become a possible barrier to passage when flows are below 400 cubic feet per second. Streamflows in that range occur on average 73 percent of the time during the migration season. Average cross-sectional velocities at several points along the weir do not seem to be limiting to the fish migration, but maximum theoretical velocities estimated without friction loss over the face of the weir could be potentially limiting.

  9. Chapter 12. Pure Tap Water Hydraulic Systems and Applications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Conrad, Finn; Adelstorp, Anders

    1997-01-01

    Presentation of developed a modern pure tap water hydraulic components (Nessie), systems and industrial applications.......Presentation of developed a modern pure tap water hydraulic components (Nessie), systems and industrial applications....

  10. Optimización de un método analítico para la determinación de mercurio en muestras ambientales por espectrometría UV-Visible

    OpenAIRE

    Piña, Xiomara; Marcó Parra, Lue Merú; Poleo, Germán; Rojas, Jesús; Torres, Gosmyr

    2013-01-01

    El método colorimétrico de la ditizona fue modificado y cuasi miniaturizado para la determinación de mercurio en agua y en tejido de Lemna minor y Piaractus brachypomus. El límite de detección (4-22μg.L-1) fue satisfactorio para estudios ambientales. Para la evaluación de la exactitud en agua se analizaron patrones SPEX CERTIPREP sin diferencias significativas y para la biota digerida se obtuvieron porcentajes de recuperación en el rango de 85-120%. La precisión fue menor al 10% de desviación...

  11. Production of pure metals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Philipp, W. H.; Marsik, S. J.; May, C. E. (Inventor)

    1974-01-01

    A process for depositing elements by irradiating liquids is reported. Ultra pure elements are precipitated from aqueous solutions or suspensions of compounds. A solution of a salt of a metal to be prepared is irradiated, and the insoluble reaction product settles out. Some chemical compounds may also be prepared in this manner.

  12. Entropy balance in pure interactions of open quantum systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Urigu, R.

    1989-01-01

    Processes are considered in which a statistical ensemble w of quantum systems is split into ensembles, or channels (w i ), conditional to the occurrence, with respective probabilities (p i w ), of associated macroscopic effects. These processes are described here by a family of operations T i : w → p i w w iT , which remarkably generalize the usual state reductions of the nondestructive measurements. In a previous work it was proved that the microscopic entropy of the given open system decreases or at most remains constant if all the T i are pure operations, i.e., they transform pure states into pure states; it is proved here that the increase in entropy of the external world, computed as S Tm (w) = - Σ i p i w lg p i w , is sufficient to compensate for such an entropy decrease whenever the T i are all pure operations of the first kind, whereas whenever some T i is pure of the second kind (or nonpure, too), the total entropy, computed as above, may decrease

  13. El proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de la gestante: una visión de las mujeres con base en la determinación social de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Concha Sánchez, Sonia Constanza

    2014-01-01

    Resumen Antecedentes. La atención en salud durante el embarazo y el acceso a la atención odontológica de las gestantes en Bogotá registra profundas inequidades. Las patologías orales y las complicaciones que representan para el binomio madre-niño incentivan la necesidad de identificar el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de las gestantes sustentadas en los postulados de la determinación social de Breilh y los planteamientos de Menéndez. Objetivos. Caracterizar el proceso salud-enfermeda...

  14. Clasificación de pimentones por índices de calidad espectrofotométricos. (Técnicas espectrofotométricas para la determinación de la calidad del pimentón).

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz-Altisent, Margarita; Ayuso Yuste, C.

    1995-01-01

    Existe la necesidad de disponer de sistemas objetivos y rápidos para la determinación de la calidad de los productos agrícolas. Los sistemas ópticos y espectrofotométricos se han presentado como muy válidos para estos fines en muchos productos (Mohsenin, 1984) (tomates, peras, manzanas, patatas, carnes, huevos...) esto justifica el uso de estos métodos sobre nuevos materiales. Las restricciones impuestas a los colorantes artificiales por las nuevas legislaciones favorecen el consumo de colora...

  15. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Journal Sponsorship

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Journal Sponsorship. Journal Home > About the Journal > Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Journal Sponsorship. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  16. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Site Map

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Site Map. Journal Home > About the Journal > Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Site Map. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  17. Determinación de la concentración de cadmio en un chocolate colombiano con 65% de cacao y chocolates extranjeros con diferentes porcentajes de cacao

    OpenAIRE

    Echeverry, A.; Reyes, H.

    2016-01-01

    Se evaluó de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa la presencia de cadmio en un chocolate amargo con 65% de cacao producido en Colombia y en chocolates extranjeros con diferentes porcentajes de cacao. Para la preparación de las muestras se tomaron 0,5 gramos y se realizó una digestión ácida con ácido nítrico concentrado (HNO3 65%). La determinación del metal se llevó a cabo por medio de la técnica de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica de llama (FAAS). Se determinó el límite de detección (LOD)...

  18. Black hole attractors and pure spinors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, Jonathan P.; Maloney, Alexander; Tomasiello, Alessandro

    2006-01-01

    We construct black hole attractor solutions for a wide class of N = 2 compactifications. The analysis is carried out in ten dimensions and makes crucial use of pure spinor techniques. This formalism can accommodate non-Kaehler manifolds as well as compactifications with flux, in addition to the usual Calabi-Yau case. At the attractor point, the charges fix the moduli according to Σf k = Im(CΦ), where Φ is a pure spinor of odd (even) chirality in IIB (A). For IIB on a Calabi-Yau, Φ = Ω and the equation reduces to the usual one. Methods in generalized complex geometry can be used to study solutions to the attractor equation

  19. Black Hole Attractors and Pure Spinors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, Jonathan P.; Maloney, Alexander; Tomasiello, Alessandro

    2006-01-01

    We construct black hole attractor solutions for a wide class of N = 2 compactifications. The analysis is carried out in ten dimensions and makes crucial use of pure spinor techniques. This formalism can accommodate non-Kaehler manifolds as well as compactifications with flux, in addition to the usual Calabi-Yau case. At the attractor point, the charges fix the moduli according to Σf k = Im(CΦ), where Φ is a pure spinor of odd (even) chirality in IIB (A). For IIB on a Calabi-Yau, Φ = (Omega) and the equation reduces to the usual one. Methods in generalized complex geometry can be used to study solutions to the attractor equation

  20. Comparación analítica de los métodos ultravioleta selectivo y test spectroquant 1.14773.0001 en la determinación del ión nitrato en aguas tratadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Severiche Sierra

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La meta de un análisis químico de aguas es generar resultados correctos y confiables, siendo la comparación de métodos uno de los aspectos más importantes para conseguir este propósito; además, constituye un factor clave para la prestación de servicios analíticos. La determinación de ion nitrato en aguas es una de las metodologías analíticas más discutidas que se conoce en el ámbito científico técnico del análisis de aguas, dado los procedimientos complejos con los que se cuentan, la gran posibilidad de encontrar sustancias interferentes y los rangos de concentración limitados que presentan las diferentes técnicas. En la presente investigación, se hizo el cotejo de dos métodos analíticos, el UV selectivo y el test spectroquant 1.14773.0001, para la determinación del ión nitrato en aguas tratadas. El objetivo fue confirmar correctamente la aplicación de los métodos para el análisis de aguas; las muestras analizadas se tomaron de la red de agua potable de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, donde para ambos métodos se encontraron resultados satisfactorios en precisión y exactitud.

  1. Pure Air`s Bailly scrubber: A four-year retrospective

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manavi, G.B.; Vymazal, D.C. [Pure Air, Allentown, PA (United States); Sarkus, T.A. [Dept. of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1997-12-31

    Pure Air`s Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization (AFGD) Clean Coal Project has completed four highly successful years of operation at NIPSCO`s Bailly Station. As part of their program, Pure Air has concluded a six-part study of system performance. This paper summarizes the results of the demonstration program, including AFGD performance on coals ranging from 2.0--2.4% sulfur. The paper highlights novel aspects of the Bailly facility, including pulverized limestone injection, air rotary sparger for oxidation, wastewater evaporation system and the production of PowerChip{reg_sign} gypsum. Operations and maintenance which have led to the facility`s notable 99.47% availability record are also discussed. A project company, Pure Air on the Lake Limited Partnership, owns the AFGD facility. Pure Air was the turn key contractor and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is the operator of the AFGD system.

  2. Shunting arc plasma source for pure carbon ion beam

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koguchi, H.; Sakakita, H.; Kiyama, S.; Shimada, T.; Sato, Y.; Hirano, Y. [Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 (Japan)

    2012-02-15

    A plasma source is developed using a coaxial shunting arc plasma gun to extract a pure carbon ion beam. The pure carbon ion beam is a new type of deposition system for diamond and other carbon materials. Our plasma device generates pure carbon plasma from solid-state carbon material without using a hydrocarbon gas such as methane gas, and the plasma does not contain any hydrogen. The ion saturation current of the discharge measured by a double probe is about 0.2 mA/mm{sup 2} at the peak of the pulse.

  3. Shunting arc plasma source for pure carbon ion beam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koguchi, H; Sakakita, H; Kiyama, S; Shimada, T; Sato, Y; Hirano, Y

    2012-02-01

    A plasma source is developed using a coaxial shunting arc plasma gun to extract a pure carbon ion beam. The pure carbon ion beam is a new type of deposition system for diamond and other carbon materials. Our plasma device generates pure carbon plasma from solid-state carbon material without using a hydrocarbon gas such as methane gas, and the plasma does not contain any hydrogen. The ion saturation current of the discharge measured by a double probe is about 0.2 mA∕mm(2) at the peak of the pulse.

  4. Corrosion of pure OFHC-copper in simulated repository conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aaltonen, P.

    1990-04-01

    The research program 'Corrosion of pure OFHC-copper in simulated repository conditions' was planned to provide an experimental evaluation with respect to the theoretical calculations and forecasts made for the corrosion behaviour of pure copper in bentonite groundwater environments at temperatures between 20-80 deg C. The aim of this study in the first place is to evaluate the effects of groundwater composition, bentonite and temperature on the equilibrium and possible corrosion reactions between pure copper and the simulated repository environment. The progress report includes the results obtained after 36 months exposure time

  5. Pure Electric and Pure Magnetic Resonances in Near-Infrared Metal Double-Triangle Metamaterial Arrays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cao Zhi-Shen; Pan Jian; Chen Zhuo; Zhan Peng; Min Nai-Ben; Wang Zhen-Lin

    2011-01-01

    We experimentally and numerically investigate the optical properties of metamaterial arrays composed of double partially-overlapped metallic nanotriangles fabricated by an angle-resolved nanosphere lithography. We demonstrate that each double-triangle can be viewed as an artificial magnetic element analogous to the conventional metal split-ring-resonator. It is shown that under normal-incidence conditions, individual double-triangle can exhibit a strong local magnetic resonance, but the collective response of the metamaterial arrays is purely electric because magnetic resonances of the two double-triangles in a unit cell having opposite openings are out of phase. For oblique incidences the metamaterial arrays are shown to support a pure magnetic response at the same frequency band. Therefore, switchable electric and magnetic resonances are achieved in double-triangle arrays. Moreover, both the electric and magnetic resonances are shown to allow for a tunability over a large spectral range down to near-infrared. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

  6. Superposing pure quantum states with partial prior information

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dogra, Shruti; Thomas, George; Ghosh, Sibasish; Suter, Dieter

    2018-05-01

    The principle of superposition is an intriguing feature of quantum mechanics, which is regularly exploited in many different circumstances. A recent work [M. Oszmaniec et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 110403 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.110403] shows that the fundamentals of quantum mechanics restrict the process of superimposing two unknown pure states, even though it is possible to superimpose two quantum states with partial prior knowledge. The prior knowledge imposes geometrical constraints on the choice of input states. We discuss an experimentally feasible protocol to superimpose multiple pure states of a d -dimensional quantum system and carry out an explicit experimental realization for two single-qubit pure states with partial prior information on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor.

  7. Minimal covariant observables identifying all pure states

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carmeli, Claudio, E-mail: claudio.carmeli@gmail.com [D.I.M.E., Università di Genova, Via Cadorna 2, I-17100 Savona (Italy); I.N.F.N., Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genova (Italy); Heinosaari, Teiko, E-mail: teiko.heinosaari@utu.fi [Turku Centre for Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku (Finland); Toigo, Alessandro, E-mail: alessandro.toigo@polimi.it [Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano (Italy); I.N.F.N., Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano (Italy)

    2013-09-02

    It has been recently shown by Heinosaari, Mazzarella and Wolf (2013) [1] that an observable that identifies all pure states of a d-dimensional quantum system has minimally 4d−4 outcomes or slightly less (the exact number depending on d). However, no simple construction of this type of minimal observable is known. We investigate covariant observables that identify all pure states and have minimal number of outcomes. It is shown that the existence of this kind of observables depends on the dimension of the Hilbert space.

  8. Critical opalescence in the pure Coulomb system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bobrov, V. B.; Trigger, S. A.

    2011-04-01

    Based on the dielectric formalism and quantum field theory methods, the phenomenon of critical opalescence is explained for light scattering in pure matter as a two-component electron-nuclear system with Coulomb interaction. A similar phenomenon is shown to occur in the case of neutron scattering in pure substances as well. The obtained results are valid for quantum case and arbitrary strong Coulomb interaction. Thus, the relations between structure factors derived for the electron-nuclear system are the exact result of the quantum statistical mechanics.

  9. In vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nie, F L; Zheng, Y F; Wei, S C; Hu, C; Yang, G

    2010-01-01

    Bulk nanocrystalline pure iron rods were fabricated by the equal channel angular pressure (ECAP) technique up to eight passes. The microstructure and grain size distribution, natural immersion and electrochemical corrosion in simulated body fluid, cellular responses and hemocompatibility were investigated in this study. The results indicate that nanocrystalline pure iron after severe plastic deformation (SPD) would sustain durable span duration and exhibit much stronger corrosion resistance than that of the microcrystalline pure iron. The interaction of different cell lines reveals that the nanocrystalline pure iron stimulates better proliferation of fibroblast cells and preferable promotion of endothelialization, while inhibits effectively the viability of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The burst of red cells and adhesion of the platelets were also substantially suppressed on contact with the nanocrystalline pure iron in blood circulation. A clear size-dependent behavior from the grain nature deduced by the gradual refinement microstructures was given and well-behaved in vitro biocompatibility of nanocrystalline pure iron was concluded.

  10. Compact objects in pure Lovelock theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadhich, Naresh; Hansraj, Sudan; Chilambwe, Brian

    For static fluid interiors of compact objects in pure Lovelock gravity (involving only one Nth order term in the equation), we establish similarity in solutions for the critical odd and even d = 2N + 1, 2N + 2 dimensions. It turns out that in critical odd d = 2N + 1 dimensions, there cannot exist any bound distribution with a finite radius, while in critical even d = 2N + 2 dimensions, all solutions have similar behavior. For exhibition of similarity, we would compare star solutions for N = 1, 2 in d = 4 Einstein and d = 6 in Gauss-Bonnet theory, respectively. We also obtain the pure Lovelock analogue of the Finch-Skea model.

  11. Eficiencia de dos pruebas diagnósticas en la determinación de alergia por ácaros en niños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yadira Fuentes

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Las enfermedades alérgicas constituyen un problema de salud mundial y los ácaros se encuentran entre sus principales agentes etiológicos. En Cuba se destacan los siguientes: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney y Blomia tropicalis. Con el objetivo de determinar la eficiencia de la prueba cutánea por punción y la determinación de IgE específica para el diagnóstico de la alergia a estos tres ácaros se desarrolló en el año 2003 un estudio analítico que incluyó 100 niños: 50 no alérgicos y 50 alérgicos que asistieron al Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler" de Ciudad de La Habana. A todos se les realizó la prueba cutánea por punción con tres extractos alergénicos (VALERGEN-DP, VALERGEN-DS y VALERGEN-BT y se les extrajo sangre para la valoración de la IgE ácaro específica; exámenes que mostraron una mayor positividad ante D. pteronyssinus en los niños enfermos. Mientras que en los no alérgicos la prueba cutánea y la IgE para D. pteronyssinus fueron negativas. La prueba cutánea presentó un 100% de especificidad, con una mayor sensibilidad para VALERGEN-DP (88%, extracto con más eficiencia diagnóstica (94%. La IgE expresó los mejores resultados de sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia para D. pteronyssinus (78, 100 y 89%, respectivamente. La prueba cutánea por punción fue más eficiente que la determinación de IgE específica para el diagnóstico de las alergias por ácaros. En los enfermos se observó una correlación significativa entre la respuesta cutánea y el nivel de IgE para los ácaros estudiados. Estos datos contribuyeron a mejorar el diagnóstico alergológico y alertan sobre la necesidad de extender el uso de la inmunoterapia específica con vacunas hiposensibilizantes en los niños alérgicos a los ácaros.

  12. Determinación de compuestos polares por TLC-FID en aceites refinado y semi-hidrogenado de soja sometidos a calentamiento prolongado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cruzian, J. L.

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available The thermal degradation of oils and fats leads to the formation of polar compounds, which is the reason why their determination is adopted for the quality control of the oil and fat used in frying. Samples of refined and partially hydrogenated soybean oil were heated for 30 and 60 hours respectively and the polar compounds content were determined using the lUPAC-AOAC official method and TLC-FID. The samples of oil and the fractions separated on the column were applied to the chromarods and developed in petroleum ether: diethyl ether (93:7 v/v. The determination of polar compounds by lUPAC method and by TLC-FID presented similar results (P-value<< 0,001, although when the content was greater than 16% the second method gave higher values. The results showed that the state of degradation of oils and fats as measured for the quantity of polar compounds can be determined alternatively by TLC-FID, presenting a significant reduction in time, hand work and solvent volume.

    La degradación térmica de aceites y grasas lleva a la formación de compuestos polares, motivo por el cual su determinación es usada como control de calidad de aceites y grasas utilizadas en fritura. Muestras de aceite de soja refinado y semi-hidrogenado fueron calentadas durante 30 y 60 horas respectivamente y el contenido de compuestos polares fue determinado utilizando el método oficial lUPAC-AOAC y TLCFID. Las muestras de aceite y las fracciones separadas en la columna fueron aplicadas en los «chromarods» y desarrolladas en éter de petróleo: éter etílico (93:7 v/v. La determinación de compuestos polares por el método lUPAC y por TLC-FID, dieron resultados similares (P-value<< 0,001, aunque los obtenidos por el segundo método fueron superiores, cuando los compuestos polares superan el 16%. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el estado de descomposición de aceites y grasas medido por la cantidad de compuestos polares puede ser determinado alternativamente por

  13. On pure spinor formalism for quantum superstring and spinor moving frame

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bandos, Igor A

    2013-01-01

    The D = 10 pure spinor constraint can be solved in terms of spinor moving frame variables v -α q and eight-component complex null vector Λ + q , Λ + q Λ + q =0, which can be related to the κ-symmetry ghost. Using this and similar solutions for the conjugate pure spinor and other elements of the non-minimal pure spinor formalism, we present a (hopefully useful) reformulation of the measure of the pure spinor path integral for superstring in terms of products of Cartan forms corresponding to the coset of 10D Lorentz group and to the coset of complex orthogonal group SO(8, C). Our study suggests a possible complete reformulation of the pure spinor superstring in terms of new irreducible set of variable. (paper)

  14. Cohomology in the Pure Spinor Formalism for the Superstring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berkovits, Nathan

    2000-01-01

    A manifestly super-Poincare covariant formalism for the superstring has recently been constructed using a pure spinor variable. Unlike the covariant Green-Schwarz formalism, this new formalism is easily quantized with a BRST operator and tree-level scattering amplitudes have been evaluated in a manifestly covariant manner. In this paper, the cohomology of the BRST operator in the pure spinor formalism is shown to give the usual light-cone Green-Schwarz spectrum. Although the BRST operator does not directly involve the Virasoro constraint, this constraint emerges after expressing the pure spinor variable in terms of SO(8) variables. (author)

  15. Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guenter Albrecht-Buehler

    Full Text Available The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'. Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16 or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300 [b]. With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences (combined <0.5%, all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins. Although this could have made them less subject to natural selection, they contained many [corrected] times fewer point mutations than one should expect from the genome at large. As to the presence of other sequences with similarly restricted base contents, there were approximately as many pure TC-sequences as pure GA-sequences, but many fewer pure AC-, TA, and TG-sequences. There were practically no pure GC-sequences. The functions of pure GA-sequences are not known. Supported by a number of observations related to heat shock phenomena, the article speculates that they serve as genomic sign posts which may help guide polymerases and transcription factors to their proper targets, and/or as spatial linkers that help generate the 3-dimensional organization of chromatin.

  16. The effect of pure state structure on nonequilibrium dynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Newman, C M; Stein, D L

    2008-01-01

    Motivated by short-range Ising spin glasses, we review some rigorous results and their consequences for the relation between the number/nature of equilibrium pure states and nonequilibrium dynamics. Two of the consequences for spin glass dynamics following an instantaneous deep quench to a temperature with broken spin flip symmetry are: (1) almost all initial configurations lie on the boundary between the basins of attraction of multiple pure states; (2) unless there are uncountably many pure states with almost all pairs having zero overlap, there can be no equilibration to a pure state as time t → ∞. We discuss the relevance of these results to the difficulty of equilibration of spin glasses. We also review some results concerning the 'nature versus nurture' problem of whether the large-t behavior of both ferromagnets and spin glasses following a deep quench is determined more by the initial configuration (nature) or by the dynamics realization (nurture)

  17. Determinación cuantitativa por electroforesis capilar de zona de mangiferina en tabletas VIMANG® 300 mg

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harold Curiel Hernández

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available La mangiferina se seleccionó como marcador en el control de calidad del ingrediente farmacéutico activo VIMANG® y sus formulaciones, que se han empleado como suplemento nutricional, cosmético y fitomedicamento. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo la validación del método electroforesis capilar para la determinación cuantitativa de mangiferina en la formulación farmacéutica tabletas VIMANG® 300 mg. Se evaluaron la especificidad, linealidad, exactitud y precisión. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el método fue específico, al no existir interferencias de los excipientes o sus productos de degradación. La linealidad mostró un coeficiente de correlación de 0,9979 en el intervalo de concentraciones estudiado. Los coeficientes de variación para la repetibilidad y la precisión intermedia fueron menores de 2 %. La exactitud mostró un recobrado del 100,20 % que no difiere significativamente de 100 %. En conclusión, el método validado es específico, lineal, preciso y exacto, y constituye una alternativa ventajosa al método cromatografía líquida de alta resolución establecido con anterioridad en el laboratorio.

  18. Estudios comparativos para la determinación de Ocratoxina A en granos de café verde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Vallejos

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available LA OCRATOXINA A (OTA ES UNA DE LAS MICOTOXINAS MÁS NEFROTÓXICA y nefrocancerígena producida por varias especies de Aspergillus y Penicillium. OTA se encuentra frecuentemente en productos de origen vegetal como cereales, cerveza, vino, granos de café, cacahuetes y frutas secas. Desde que se ha descrito su presencia en el café verde, las compañías de café han prestado mucha atención a la calidad micotóxica del café verde para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. En este estudio se comparan tres métodos para la determinación de OTA: Cromatografía de capa fina-TLC, Cromatografía líquida de alta resolución-HPLC y Vicam Ochratest en muestras de café, y se ha validado el Vicam Ochratest para el análisis de OTA en el café con columnas de inmunoafinidad. Por su bajo costo y la similitud de los resultados comparados con el método HPLC, el uso del método Vicam Ochratest se presenta como muy útil para los pequeños productores de café de Nicaragua, pues les permitirá mejorar su competitividad en el mercado internacional.

  19. Visual processing in pure alexia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Starrfelt, Randi; Habekost, Thomas; Gerlach, Christian

    2010-01-01

    affected. His visual apprehension span was markedly reduced for letters and digits. His reduced visual processing capacity was also evident when reporting letters from words. In an object decision task with fragmented pictures, NN's performance was abnormal. Thus, even in a pure alexic patient with intact...

  20. Determinación volumétrica de la sílice en el cemento Portland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calleja, J.

    1966-09-01

    Full Text Available Not availableSe describe un método volumétrico para la determinación cuantitativa de la sílice en el cemento portland, basado en la precipitación de la misma como fluorosilicato potásico, hidrólisis de esta sal insoluble en las condiciones de ensayo y valoración del ácido fluorhídrico liberado, con una disolución de hidróxido sódico. El método da valores reproducibles con muy escasa dispersión. La diferencia entre los valores más dispares de series de diez determinaciones hechas en una misma muestra por el mismo operador, son del orden de la tolerada por las normas A.S.T.M. (método gravimétrico para valores de un mismo operador obtenidos sobre una muestra. La diferencia entre cualesquiera otros dos valores de las series, o entre uno cualquiera de ellos y la media correspondiente a dicha serie, es muy inferior al margen de tolerancia de la A.S.T.M. Finalmente, entre el valor gravimétrico según el método de las normas A.S.T.M. y los valores volumétricos obtenidos por el método descrito, a la media de ellos, existe una concordancia aceptable.

  1. Electron Acoustic Waves in Pure Ion Plasmas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderegg, F.; Driscoll, C. F.; Dubin, D. H. E.; O'Neil, T. M.

    2009-11-01

    Electron Acoustic Waves (EAW) are the low frequency branch of electrostatic plasma waves. These waves exist in neutralized plasmas, pure electron plasmas and in pure ion plasmasfootnotetextF. Anderegg et al., PRL 102, 095001 (2009) and PoP 16, 055705 (2009). (where the name is deceptive). Here, we observe standing mθ= 0 mz= 1 EAWs in a pure ion plasma column. At small amplitude, the EAWs have a phase velocity vph ˜1.4 v, and the frequencies are in close agreement with theory. At moderate amplitudes, waves can be excited over a broad range of frequencies, with observed phase velocities in the range of 1.4 v vph diagnostic shows that particles slower than vph oscillate in phase with the wave, while particles moving faster than vph oscillate 180^o out of phase with the wave. From a fluid perspective, this gives an unusual negative dynamical compressibility. That is, the wave pressure oscillations are 180^o out of phase from the density oscillations, almost fully canceling the electrostatic restoring force, giving the low and malleable frequency.

  2. Laser-induced generation of pure tensile stresses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niemz, M.H.; Lin, C.P.; Pitsillides, C.; Cui, J.; Doukas, A.G.; Deutsch, T.F.

    1997-01-01

    While short compressive stresses can readily be produced by laser ablation, the generation of pure tensile stresses is more difficult. We demonstrate that a 90 degree prism made of polyethylene can serve to produce short and pure tensile stresses. A compressive wave is generated by ablating a thin layer of strongly absorbing ink on one surface of the prism with a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The compressive wave driven into the prism is reflected as a tensile wave by the polyethylene-air interface at its long surface. The low acoustic impedance of polyethylene makes it ideal for coupling tensile stresses into liquids. In water, tensile stresses up to -200bars with a rise time of the order of 20 ns and a duration of 100 ns are achieved. The tensile strength of water is determined for pure tensile stresses lasting for 100 ns only. The technique has potential application in studying the initiation of cavitation in liquids and in comparing the effect of compressive and tensile stress transients on biological media. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

  3. Pure spinor formalism as an N = 2 topological string

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berkovits, Nathan

    2005-01-01

    Following suggestions of Nekrasov and Siegel, a non-minimal set of fields are added to the pure spinor formalism for the superstring. Twisted c-circumflex = 3 N = 2 generators are then constructed where the pure spinor BRST operator is the fermionic spin-one generator, and the formalism is interpreted as a critical topological string. Three applications of this topological string theory include the super-Poincare covariant computation of multiloop superstring amplitudes without picture-changing operators, the construction of a cubic open superstring field theory without contact-term problems, and a new four-dimensional version of the pure spinor formalism which computes F-terms in the spacetime action

  4. Pure soliton solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchssteiner, B.

    1977-01-01

    A general approach is given to obtain the system of ordinary differential equations which determines the pure soliton solutions for the class of generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations. This approach also leads to a system of ordinary differential equations for the pure soliton solutions of the sine-Gordon equation. (orig.) [de

  5. Pure Surface Texture Mapping Technology and it's Application for Mirror Image

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wei Feng Wang

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Based on the study of pure surface texture mapping technology, pure texture surface rendering method is proposed. The method is combined pure surface texture rendering and view mirror, real-time rendering has an index of refraction, reflection, and the flow of water ripple effect. Through the experimental verification of the validity of the algorithm.

  6. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: About this journal

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: About this journal. Journal Home > Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: About this journal. Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads.

  7. Pure type systems with subtyping

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zwanenburg, J.; Girard, J.-Y.

    1999-01-01

    We extend the framework of Pure Type Systems with subtyping, as found in F = ¿ . This leads to a concise description of many existing systems with subtyping, and also to some new interesting systems. We develop the meta-theory for this framework, including Subject Reduction and Minimal Typing. The

  8. How Low Can You Go: Spatial Frequency Sensitivity in Pure Alexia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Starrfelt, Randi; Nielsen, S.; Habekost, T.

    Objective: Pure alexia is a seemingly selective deficit in reading, follow- ing focal lesions to the posterior left hemisphere. The hallmark feature of pure alexia is a word length effect in single word reading, where reaction times may increase with hundreds of milliseconds per additional letter...... in a word. Other language functions, including writing, are intact. It has been suggested that pure alexia is caused by a general deficit in visual processing, one that affects reading disproportionally compared to other visual stimuli. The most concrete hypothesis to date suggests that pure alexia...... is caused by a lack of sensitivity to particular spatial frequencies (e.g., Fiset et al., 2006), and that this results in the characteristic word length effect, as well as effects of letter confusability on reading times. Participants and Methods: We have tested this hypothesis in a patient with pure alexia...

  9. Research on the Applicable Method of Valuation of Pure Electric Used vehicles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, yun; Tan, zhengping; Wang, yidong; Mao, pan

    2018-03-01

    With the rapid growth in the ownership of pure electric vehicles, the research on the valuation of used electric vehicles has become the key to the development of the pure electric used vehicle market. The paper analyzed the application of the three value assessment methods, current market price method, capitalized earning method and replacement cost method, in pure electric used vehicles, and draws a conclusion that the replacement cost method is more suitable for pure electric used car. At the same time, the article also conducted a parametric correction exploration research, aiming at the characteristics of pure electric vehicles and replacement cost of the constituent factors. Through the analysis of the applicability parameters of physical devaluation, functional devaluation and economic devaluation, the revised replacement cost method can be used for the valuation of purely used electric vehicles for private use.

  10. Quasinormal modes in pure de Sitter spacetimes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Du Daping; Wang Bin; Su Ruheng

    2004-01-01

    We have studied scalar perturbations as well as fermion perturbations in pure de Sitter spacetimes. For scalar perturbations we have shown that well-defined quasinormal modes in d-dimensions can exist provided that the mass of scalar field m>(d-1/2l). The quasinormal modes of fermion perturbations in three and four dimensional cases have also been investigated. We found that different from other dimensional cases, in the three dimensional pure de Sitter spacetime there is no quasinormal mode for the s-wave. This interesting difference caused by the spacial dimensions is true for both scalar and fermion perturbations

  11. Procedimiento para la determinación de la carga circulante en circuitos cerrados de trituración y molienda

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo L. Coello-Velázquez

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Con el propósito de disminuir los errores (residuos que tienen lugar en la determinación de la carga circulante en los circuitos cerrados de molienda o trituración, aplicando los métodos de los mínimos cuadrados y de los multiplicadores de Lagrange a las ecuaciones de balance, se desarrolla un procedimiento que minimiza las desviaciones e incongruencias en el balance de distribución de las clases granulométricas de los productos del esquema. Tomando como punto de partida los datos experimentales obtenidos por Coello (1993, se realiza la validación del procedimiento propuesto. Los resultados muestran que el procedimiento aplicado, permite el mejor ajuste cálculo de la carga circulante y a partir de sus valores, se recalculan los contenidos de las clases granulométricas de los productos del esquema que eliminan las incongruencias y errores de la distribución del contenido de las clases granulométricas generados en la toma y procesamiento general de las muestras.

  12. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: Editorial Policies

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Focus and Scope. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics publishes papers of the highest quality and significance in specific areas of physics, pure and applied, as listed below. The journal content reflects core physics disciplines, but is also open to a broad range of topics whose central theme falls within the bounds ...

  13. Production of tomato puree: an alternative to conservation of locally ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Mo

    suggest a mean of conservation of the surplus of production by processing tomato into puree. The most produced local ... processing into puree on industrial scale. The main .... functions contributing to the reaction of non-enzymatic browning ...

  14. Racionalización de la técnica para la determinación de la concentración de lidocaína al 2 %

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Victoria Licea Tornés

    Full Text Available El clorhidrato de lidocaína es un anestésico local que se utiliza tanto por vía endovenosa como subcutánea, en dependecia de su forma de presentación, con o sin preservo respectivamente. La determinación de la concentración de clorhidrato de lidocaína en el inyectable se realiza mediante un método anhidrovolumétrico que requiere un gasto considerable de reactivo de importación. Para racionalizar esta técnica, se realizaron ensayos preliminares en los cuales se varió el volumen de extrayente y el número de extracciones. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 10 mL de cloroformo en 3 extracciones, lo que permitió un ahorro aproximado del 70 % de este solvente.

  15. International Standardization of Pure Beta Emitters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Los Arcos, Jose Maria; Rodriguez, Leonor

    2006-01-01

    The paper describes the traditional methods of standardization of Pure Beta Emitters, their principal characteristics, advantage and drawbacks. It does comparisons between two metrological LSC methods: Triple to double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method and the CIEMAT/NIST method and presents the result obtained with several Key Comparisons serving as practical test of both methods. Both of them represent the siferrit of methods of standardization of pure (and mixed decay) radionuclides. ESIR WG of CCRI(II) is to implement a reference exchange system for the permanent equivalence of β, α and electron capture nuclides, similar to traditional SIR gamma. ESIR project is currently testing a new XAN scintillator and operational tests of the whole system at BIPM are expected by the end of 2006 (test restricted to ESIR NMI members)

  16. Square-root measurement for pure states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Siendong

    2005-01-01

    Square-root measurement is a very useful suboptimal measurement in many applications. It was shown that the square-root measurement minimizes the squared error for pure states. In this paper, the least squared error problem is reformulated and a new proof is provided. It is found that the least squared error depends only on the average density operator of the input states. The properties of the least squared error are then discussed, and it is shown that if the input pure states are uniformly distributed, the average probability of error has an upper bound depending on the least squared error, the rank of the average density operator, and the number of the input states. The aforementioned properties help explain why the square-root measurement can be effective in decoding processes

  17. Purely Functional Structured Programming

    OpenAIRE

    Obua, Steven

    2010-01-01

    The idea of functional programming has played a big role in shaping today's landscape of mainstream programming languages. Another concept that dominates the current programming style is Dijkstra's structured programming. Both concepts have been successfully married, for example in the programming language Scala. This paper proposes how the same can be achieved for structured programming and PURELY functional programming via the notion of LINEAR SCOPE. One advantage of this proposal is that m...

  18. Determinación de las mejores condiciones para la extracción de la lectina de raíz de haba (vicia faba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y. De navarro

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Para la determinación de las mejores condiciones de extracción de la lectina de raíz de haba (LRH, se utilizaron iniciaimente raíces enteras y paredes celulares de raíces. De acuerdo con los resultados, se establecieron las condiciones experimentales para la preparación de paredes celulares por tres métodos. Se encontró que el Método I, en el cual se usó Sarkosyl 0.5%, KH2PO4 0.01 M pH 6.0 para la obtención de paredes celulares y luego se extrajo la lectina con buffer de citrato de sodio 0.1 M pH 4.2, es el más adecuado. El fraccionamiento se realizó por filtración por gel usando Sephadex G-25.

  19. DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE PUREES AND DRINKS BY LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    At. Kraevska

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The object of this work was to investigate the possibility for development of vegetable purees and drinks by lactic acid fermentation. It was found that by the direct lactic acid fermentation of Lb.plantarum strain 226/1 the vitamin composition of vegetable purees is preserved and the biological value is increased. Drinks, prepared from fermented vegetable purees were remarkable with the pleasant lactic acid taste, the sucrose-acid composition was stable and balanced and they can be used both in the rational and in the dietary nutrition.

  20. Microstructures and mechanical properties of pure Mg processed by rotary swaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gan, W.M.; Huang, Y.D.; Wang, R.; Wang, G.F.; Srinivasan, A.; Brokmeier, H.-G.; Schell, N.; Kainer, K.U.; Hort, N.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Grain size of pure Mg can be effectively reduced by rotary swaging processing. • The dominated texture of the swaged pure Mg was a basal fibre. • Twinning and non-basal plane sliding accommodated the swaging process. • Gradient texture distribution was observed through the rod diameter. • There existed a slight shear deformation on the surface of the swaged rod. - Abstract: Microstructures and tensile properties of commercial pure magnesium processed by rotary swaging (RS) technique were investigated. Bulk and gradient textures in the RS processed Mg were characterised by neutron and synchrotron diffractions, respectively. Grains of the pure Mg were gradually refined with increase in the RS passes, which largely contributed to an increase in the tensile yield strength. A dominated basal fibre texture was observed in the RS processed pure Mg. Accommodated twinning deformation was also observed. Both the optical observations and texture analyses through the diameter of the swaged rod showed a gradient evolution in microstructure

  1. Topological M Theory from Pure Spinor Formalism

    CERN Document Server

    Grassi, P A; Grassi, Pietro Antonio; Vanhove, Pierre

    2005-01-01

    We construct multiloop superparticle amplitudes in 11d using the pure spinor formalism. We explain how this construction reduces to the superparticle limit of the multiloop pure spinor superstring amplitudes prescription. We then argue that this construction points to some evidence for the existence of a topological M theory based on a relation between the ghost number of the full-fledged supersymmetric critical models and the dimension of the spacetime for topological models. In particular, we show that the extensions at higher orders of the previous results for the tree and one-loop level expansion for the superparticle in 11 dimensions is related to a topological model in 7 dimensions.

  2. Crystal structure of pure ZrO2 nanopowders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lamas, D.G.; Rosso, A.M.; Anzorena, M. Suarez; Fernandez, A.; Bellino, M.G.; Cabezas, M.D.; Walsoee de Reca, N.E.; Craievich, A.F.

    2006-01-01

    The crystal structure of pure (undoped) zirconia nanopowders synthesized by different wet-chemical routes has been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Whereas some previous authors reported the retention of the cubic phase in similar materials, we demonstrate here that pure zirconia nanopowders with average crystallite sizes ranging from 5 to 10 nm exhibit the tetragonal phase. In addition, our results suggest that a tetragonal-to-cubic transition for decreasing crystallite size could eventually occur at a very small critical crystallite size

  3. Scattering of massive open strings in pure spinor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, I.Y.

    2011-01-01

    In Park (2008) , it was proposed that the D-brane geometry could be produced by open string quantum effects. In an effort to verify the proposal, we consider scattering amplitudes involving massive open superstrings. The main goal of this paper is to set the ground for two-loop 'renormalization' of an oriented open superstring on a D-brane and to strengthen our skill in the pure spinor formulation of a superstring, an effective tool for multi-loop string diagrams. We start by reviewing scattering amplitudes of massless states in the 2D component method of the NSR formulation. A few examples of massive string scattering are worked out. The NSR results are then reproduced in the pure spinor formulation. We compute the amplitudes using the unintegrated form of the massive vertex operator constructed by Berkovits and Chandia (2002) . We point out that it may be possible to discover new Riemann type identities involving Jacobi θ-functions by comparing a NSR computation and the corresponding pure spinor computation.

  4. Graphical calculus for Gaussian pure states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menicucci, Nicolas C.; Flammia, Steven T.; Loock, Peter van

    2011-01-01

    We provide a unified graphical calculus for all Gaussian pure states, including graph transformation rules for all local and semilocal Gaussian unitary operations, as well as local quadrature measurements. We then use this graphical calculus to analyze continuous-variable (CV) cluster states, the essential resource for one-way quantum computing with CV systems. Current graphical approaches to CV cluster states are only valid in the unphysical limit of infinite squeezing, and the associated graph transformation rules only apply when the initial and final states are of this form. Our formalism applies to all Gaussian pure states and subsumes these rules in a natural way. In addition, the term 'CV graph state' currently has several inequivalent definitions in use. Using this formalism we provide a single unifying definition that encompasses all of them. We provide many examples of how the formalism may be used in the context of CV cluster states: defining the 'closest' CV cluster state to a given Gaussian pure state and quantifying the error in the approximation due to finite squeezing; analyzing the optimality of certain methods of generating CV cluster states; drawing connections between this graphical formalism and bosonic Hamiltonians with Gaussian ground states, including those useful for CV one-way quantum computing; and deriving a graphical measure of bipartite entanglement for certain classes of CV cluster states. We mention other possible applications of this formalism and conclude with a brief note on fault tolerance in CV one-way quantum computing.

  5. UV-induced lethal sectoring and pure mutant clones in yeast.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hannan, M A; Duck, P; Nasim, A

    1976-08-01

    The induction of lethal sectoring and pure mutant clones by ultraviolet light has been studied in a homogeneous G1 population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in a normal growth medium. At the lowest UV dose of 250 ergs, which corresponds to a shoulder in the survival curve, all mutants appeared as pure clones. At higher doses the frequency of mosaic mutants progressively increased. These results indicate a relationship between the highest frequency of complete mutants and the maximum repair activity. In addition, the frequency of lethal sectoring at all doses tested was too low to account for the origin of pure mutant clones.

  6. AKUMULASI TIMBAL (PB DAN STRUKTUR STOMATA DAUN PURING (CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM LAM. BLUME

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susi Sulistiana

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Tanaman mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengatasi atau mengeliminir pencemaran udara yang terjadi di kota, salah satunya adalah tanaman puring. Stomata adalah salah satu organ tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya. Fungsi utama stomata adalah sebagai tempat pertukaran gas, seperti CO2 yang diperlukan oleh tumbuhan dalam proses fotosintesis. Namun, stomata juga bertindak sebagai salah satu jalur masuknya polutan khususnya polutan yang berasal dari udara. Untuk mempertegas pengaruh akumulasi timbal terhadap daun tanaman puring secara morfologi yang telah dilakukan oleh Sulistiana dan Setijorini tahun 2014, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan melakukan pengamatan anatomi daun terutama struktur stomata daun tanaman puring. Penelitian bertujuan membandingkan struktur stomata antar kultivar puring dan membuktikan adanya hubungan antara akumulasi timbal (Pb dengan struktur stomata daun dari beberapa kultivar puring. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah daun segar dari 13 kultivar tanaman puring yang ditanam di Perumahan Batan Indah, Kecamatan Kademangan, Tangerang Selatan. Pengamatan struktur stomata daun dilakukan dengan cara pembuatan preparat paradermal Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian meliputi jumlah stomata, jumlah sel epidermis, panjang stomata, lebar stomata, indeks stomata, dan kerapatan stomata. Hasil yang diperoleh adanya korelasi positif antara kadar Pb dan struktur stomata daun kultivar puring melalui parameter-paramater yang diamati terutama jumlah stomata, lebar stomata, indeks stomata, dan kerapatan stomata.

  7. Determinación de residuos de plaguicidas órgano fosforados en muestras de tomate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola A. Castro

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la presencia de residuos de diez plaguicidas organofosforados (POPs en tomates adquiridos en la central de abastos y en una cadena de supermercados de Bogotá, usando extracción líquido-líquido (LLE y determinación analítica mediante un equipo de Cromatografía de Gases de Alta Resolución (HRGC - Detector Fotométrico de Llama (FPD. Los plaguicidas analizados fueron: Clorfevinfos, Clorpirifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Diclorofentión, Dimetoato, Famfur, Leptofos, Metilparation y Triclorfon. Se analizaron diez muestras obtenidas en la central mayoritaria de abastos y ocho muestras de una cadena de supermercados de las cuales el 55% presentó contaminación con Dimetoato, aunque ninguna sobrepasó el límite máximo de residuos (LMR de 1 mg/kg establecido por el Codex alimentario. También se encontraron residuos de Metilparatíon y Clorfevinfos, en ambos casos dentro de los límites permitidos. / The presence of ten organophosphorus pesticides was studied in tomatoes acquired from markets in Bogotá (Colombia, using Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE and High Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC with flame photometric detector (FPD. The pesticides analyzed were: Chlorfevinphos, Chlorpyrifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Dichlofenthion, Dimethoate, Famphur, Leptophos and Trichlorfon. Eighteen samples were analyzed in which fifty five percent were contaminated with Dimethoate. Dimethoate levels in the contaminated samples were below the maximun residue levels (MRL of 1 mg/kg established by the Codex alimentarius. Residues of Methyl parathion and Chlorfevinphos were also found, below the MRL.

  8. Transport mechanism of lipid covered saquinavir pure drug nanoparticles in intestinal epithelium

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Xia, Dengning; He, Yuan; Li, Qiuxia

    2018-01-01

    are transported. To improve cellular uptake and transport of pure nanodrug in cells, here, a lipid covered saquinavir (SQV) pure drug NP (Lipo@nanodrug) was designed by modifying a pure SQV NP (nanodrug) with a phospholipid bilayer. We studied their endocytosis, intracellular trafficking mechanism using Caco-2...... their intracellular processing, helping to improve drug transport across intestinal epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first presentation of the novel phospholipid bilayer covered SQV pure drug NP design, and a mechanistic study on intracellular trafficking in in vitro cell models has been described......Pure drug nanoparticles (NPs) represent a promising formulation for improved drug solubility and controlled dissolution velocity. However, limited absorption by the intestinal epithelium remains challenge to their clinical application, and little is known about how these NPs within the cells...

  9. Estudio comparativo entre fluorescencia de rayos X y reflectancia difusa de infrarrojos cercanos para la determinación de la retención en madera impregnada con arseniato de cobre cromatado

    OpenAIRE

    Baettig-Palma, Ricardo; Cornejo-Troncoso, Jorge; Salas-Maureira, Marina; Tapia-Sanhueza, Jaime

    2014-01-01

    Se realizó un análisis comparativo de la precisión de los resultados en la determinación de la retención de óxidos de cobre, cromo y arsénico en madera impregnada con arseniato de cobre cromatado entre fluorescencia de rayos X y espectrometría de reflectancia difusa de infrarrojos cercanos. Los resultados de la calidad de las predicciones fueron comparados entre sí y con valores de retención obtenidos experimentalmente por método gravimétrico, absorción atómica y por cenizas resultantes de su...

  10. Estudio comparativo entre fluorescencia de rayos X y reflectancia difusa de infrarrojos cercanos para la determinación de la retención en madera impregnada con arseniato de cobre cromatado

    OpenAIRE

    Baettig-Palma,Ricardo; Cornejo-Troncoso,Jorge; Salas-Maureira,Marina; Tapia-Sanhueza,Jaime

    2015-01-01

    Se realizó un análisis comparativo de la precisión de los resultados en la determinación de la retención de óxidos de cobre, cromo y arsénico en madera impregnada con arseniato de cobre cromatado entre fluorescencia de rayos X y espectrometría de reflectancia difusa de infrarrojos cercanos. Los resultados de la calidad de las predicciones fueron comparados entre sí y con valores de retención obtenidos experimentalmente por método gravimétrico, absorción atómica y por cenizas resultantes de su...

  11. Money, form and the determination of value Dinero, forma y determinación del valor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benetti Carlo

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available This article seriously considers the form of value as an essential part of Marx's critique of political economy. It shows that this critique is especially relevant with respect to the modern theory of general equilibrium. By not leaving space for processes of decentralized exchange (even in equilibrium, neo-Walrasian theory is unable to adequately model market prices. However, Marx was not successful in his attempt to unite the determination of value and the monetary form of value. The authors propose a tentative model in which monetary values are determined according to the Marxist principle of "the unity of production and circulation".Este artículo considera seriamente la forma del valor como una parte esencial de la crpitica de Marx a la economía política. Muestra que esa crítica es particularmente relevante con respecto a la teoría moderna del equilibrio general. Al no dar cabida a los procesos de intercambio descentralizados (aun en quilibrio, la teoría neo-walrasiana es incapaz de modelar adecuadamente los precios de mercado. Sin embargo, Marx no tuvo éxito en su intento de unir la determinación de valor y la forma monetaria del valor. Los autores proponen un modelo tentativo en el que los valores monetarios se determinan de acuerdo con el principio marxista de la "unidad de la producción y la circulación"

  12. Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adamo, Tim; Casali, Eduardo [Department of Applied Mathematics & Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)

    2015-05-25

    The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest space-time supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give non-trivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting.

  13. Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adamo, Tim; Casali, Eduardo

    2015-01-01

    The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest space-time supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give non-trivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting.

  14. Determinación de la función fotocatalítica de recubrimientos sobre soporte cerámico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bordes, M. C.

    2007-12-01

    suspensiones con un tamaño de partícula nanométrico (10-9 m. Debido a su pequeño tamaño de partícula este tipo de materiales presentan propiedades distintas a las de los materiales macroscópicos. La reciente aparición de materiales con actividad fotocatalítica hace necesaria la existencia de un método para conocer y cuantificar dicha propiedad. Actualmente no existe ninguna norma para la determinación de la función fotocatalítica de materiales. Por ello en el presente trabajo, se ha llevado a cabo la puesta a punto de un método de ensayo que permita la determinación de dicha función para materiales soportados sobre un sustrato cerámico.

  15. Entanglement measure for general pure multipartite quantum states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heydari, Hoshang; Bjoerk, Gunnar

    2004-01-01

    We propose an explicit formula for a measure of entanglement of pure multipartite quantum states. We discuss the mathematical structure of the measure and give a brief explanation of its physical motivation. We apply the measure on some pure, tripartite, qubit states and demonstrate that, in general, the entanglement can depend on what actions are performed on the various subsystems, and specifically if the parties in possession of the subsystems cooperate or not. We also give some simple but illustrative examples of the entanglement of four-qubit and m-qubit states

  16. Pure spinors, free differential algebras, and the supermembrane

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fre, Pietro; Grassi, Pietro Antonio

    2007-01-01

    The Lagrangian formalism for the supermembrane in any 11d supergravity background is constructed in the pure spinor framework. Our gauge-fixed action is manifestly BRST, supersymmetric, and 3d Lorentz invariant. The relation between the Free Differential Algebras (FDA) underlying 11d supergravity and the BRST symmetry of the membrane action is exploited. The 'gauge-fixing' has a natural interpretation as the variation of the Chevalley cohomology class needed for the extension of 11d super-Poincare superalgebra to M-theory FDA. We study the solution of the pure spinor constraints in full detail

  17. Type I supergravity effective action from pure spinor formalism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alencar, Geova

    2009-01-01

    Using the pure spinor formalism, we compute the tree-level correlation functions for three strings, one closed and two open, in N = 1 D = 10 superspace. Expanding the superfields in components, the respective terms of the effective action for the type I supergravity are obtained. All terms found agree with the effective action known in the literature. This result gives one more consistency test for the pure spinor formalism.

  18. Estudio de validación de la Metodología para la determinación de Vitamina A en Alimentos infantiles instantáneos por Cromatografía Líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Pérez Calderón

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Con la finalidad de controlar la calidad de alimentos infantiles instantáneos se efectuó la validación de la metodología para la determinación de la vitamina A por cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC. Para la precisión del sistema se evaluaron tres parámetros: tiempo de retención, área y altura, hallándose una desviación estándar relativa (RSD máxima de 1,78%. En la linealidad se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación r = 0,99 y una precisión con un RSD de 2,70%. La exactitud del método se evaluó en términos de recuperación mediante la adición de vitamina A al alimento obteniéndose un porcentaje de recuperación de 97,98%; y para la sensibilidad del método se obtuvo un límite de detección (LOD de 0,06 μg/g y un límite de cuantificación (LOQ de 0,58 μg/g. Con los resultados obtenidos se demuestra que el método en estudio es preciso, exacto, lineal y altamente sensible para ser utilizado en el control de calidad de alimentos infantiles instantáneos para la determinación de vitamina A.

  19. Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Purely Intrathird Ventricle Craniopharyngioma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishioka, Hiroshi; Fukuhara, Noriaki; Yamaguchi-Okada, Mitsuo; Yamada, Shozo

    2016-07-01

    Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a safe and effective treatment for many suprasellar craniopharyngiomas, including those with third-ventricle involvement. Craniopharyngioma entirely within the third ventricle (purely intraventricular type), however, is generally regarded unsuitable for treatment with EETS. Three patients underwent total removal of a purely intraventricular craniopharyngioma with inferior extension via EETS by direct incision of the bulging, stretched ventricular floor and fine dissection from the ventricular wall. In 2 patients with an anteriorly displaced chiasm, the space between the chiasm and pituitary stalk created a wide corridor to the ventricle, whereas in the third case, in which the infrachiasmal space was somewhat narrowed, partial sacrifice of the pituitary gland was necessary to obtain sufficient space. Despite preservation of the stalk in 2 patients, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus developed after surgery. There was no other complication including obesity. Selected patients with purely intraventricular craniopharyngioma can be treated effectively and safely with EETS. Those with inferior extension in the interpeduncular fossa and anterior displacement of the chiasm may be suitable candidates. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Pure state condition for the semi-classical Wigner function

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ozorio de Almeida, A.M.

    1982-01-01

    The Wigner function W(p,q) is a symmetrized Fourier transform of the density matrix e(q 1 ,q 2 ), representing quantum-mechanical states or their statistical mixture in phase space. Identification of these two alternatives in the case of density matrices depends on the projection identity e 2 = e; its Wigner correspondence is the pure state condition. This criterion is applied to the Wigner functions botained from standard semiclassical wave functions, determining as pure states those whose classical invariant tori satisfy the generalized Bohr-Sommerfeld conditions. Superpositions of eigenstates are then examined and it is found that the Wigner function corresponding to Gaussian random wave functions are smoothed out in the manner of mixedstate Wigner functions. Attention is also given to the pure-state condition in the case where an angular coordinate is used. (orig.)

  1. Desarrollos metodológicos en cromatografía líquida capilar y quiral aplicación a la determinación de herbicidas fenoxiácido en muestras complejas

    OpenAIRE

    Rosales Conrado, Noelia

    2005-01-01

    Los herbicidas fenoxiácido son compuestos orgánicos de gran interés analítico, puesto que además de utilizarse con gran profusión como pesticidas de uso agrícola para el control de las malas hierbas de hoja ancha en una amplia variedad de cultivos, resultan tóxicos, incluso a bajas concentraciones, para el hombre y los organismos vivos.Su separación y determinación se ha llevado a cabo mediante cromatografía líquida capilar con temperatura programada o gradiente de composición de fase móvil y...

  2. Solution thermodynamics of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in different pure solvents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ouyang, Jinbo; Wang, Jingkang; Huang, Xin; Bao, Ying; Wang, Yongli; Yin, Qiuxiang; Liu, Ailing; Li, Xudong; Hao, Hongxun

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • The solubility of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in five pure solvents was experimentally determined. • The solubility data were correlated by Wilson model, NRTL model and UNIQUAC model. • Mixing thermodynamic properties of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in five pure solvents were calculated. - Abstract: Solubility of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in five pure solvents was determined within temperature range of (278.15 to 323.15) K by a gravimetric method. The results show that the solubility of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in tested pure solvents increases with the increasing temperature. The solubility values were correlated by the Wilson model, NRTL model and UNIQUAC model. The UNIQUAC volume parameter, area parameter, and Wilson liquid molar volume parameter of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate were estimated by the group contribution method. It was found that the correlated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the mixing thermodynamic properties of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate in solutions, including the mixing Gibbs energy, the mixing enthalpy and entropy, were determined by using the Wilson model and the experimental solubility results.

  3. Solubility of salicylic acid in pure alcohols at different temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lim, Junhyuk; Jang, Sunghyun; Cho, Hye Kyoung; Shin, Moon Sam; Kim, Hwayong

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► Solubility data of salicylic acid in pure alkanols were measured. ► The experimental data were correlated with NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson models. ► The data are fit well with all three models for the six pure alcohols studied. ► Adjustable interaction parameters were suggested. - Abstract: This work focused on the experimental measurements and the numerical calculations of the solubility of salicylic acid in various alcohols. The solubility of salicylic acid in pure alcohols was determined using a (solid + liquid) equilibrium measurement apparatus at temperatures ranging from (278.15 to 318.15) K. Also, the melting temperature and fusion enthalpy of salicylic acid were determined by a differential scanning calorimeter (TA instrument Q100). The experimental results were correlated with the equation for solubility of a solid in a liquid with the nonrandom two liquid (NRTL), universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) and Wilson models for liquid phase activity coefficients to validate the quality of the data taken. Adjustable interaction parameters were also provided. The experimental data fit appropriately with all three models for the pure alcohols studied.

  4. Thermodynamic equilibrium of hydroxyacetic acid in pure and binary solvent systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Qiaoyin; Xie, Chuang; Li, Yang; Su, Nannan; Lou, Yajing; Hu, Xiaoxue; Wang, Yongli; Bao, Ying; Hou, Baohong

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Solubility of hydroxyacetic acid in mono-solvents and binary solvent mixtures was measured. • Modified Apelblat, NRTL and Wilson model were used to correlate the solubility data in pure solvents. • CNIBS/R-K and Jouyban-Acree model were used to correlate the solubility in binary solvent mixtures. • The mixing properties were calculated based on the NRTL model. - Abstract: The solubility of hydroxyacetic acid in five pure organic solvents and two binary solvent mixtures were experimentally measured from 273.15 K to 313.15 K at atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 MPa) by using a dynamic method. The order of solubility in pure organic solvents is ethanol > isopropanol > n-butanol > acetonitrile > ethyl acetate within the investigated temperature range, except for temperature lower than 278 K where the solubility of HA in ethyl acetate is slightly larger than that in acetonitrile. Furthermore, the solubility data in pure solvents were correlated with the modified Apelblat model, NRTL model, and Wilson model and that in the binary solvents mixtures were fitted to the CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree model. Finally, the mixing thermodynamic properties of hydroxyacetic acid in pure and binary solvent systems were calculated and discussed.

  5. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences is a multi-disciplinary specialist journal ... research in Biological Science, Agricultural Sciences, Chemical Sciences, ... Comparative study of the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of ...

  6. High-power pure blue laser diodes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ohta, M.; Ohizumi, Y.; Hoshina, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Yabuki, Y.; Goto, S.; Ikeda, M. [Development Center, Sony Shiroishi Semiconductor Inc., Miyagi (Japan); Funato, K. [Materials Laboratories, Sony Corporation, Kanagawa (Japan); Tomiya, S. [Materials Analysis Laboratory, Sony Corporation, Kanagawa (Japan)

    2007-06-15

    We successfully developed high-power and long-lived pure blue laser diodes (LDs) having an emission wavelength of 440-450 nm. The pure-blue LDs were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaN substrates. The dislocation density was successfully reduced to {proportional_to}10{sup 6} cm{sup -2} by optimizing the MOCVD growth conditions and the active layer structure. The vertical layer structure was designed to have an absorption loss of 4.9 cm{sup -1} and an internal quantum efficiency of 91%. We also reduced the operating current density to 6 kA/cm{sup 2} under 750 mW continuous-wave operation at 35 C by optimizing the stripe width to 12 {mu}m and the cavity length to 2000 {mu}m. The half lifetimes in constant current mode are estimated to be longer than 10000 h. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  7. Pure spinors, free differential algebras, and the supermembrane

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fre, Pietro [Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Universita di Torino, and INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin (Italy); Grassi, Pietro Antonio [Centro Studi e Ricerche E. Fermi, Compendio Viminale, I-00184 Rome (Italy) and DISTA, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, and INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via Bellini 25/G, Alessandria 15100 (Italy) and CERN, Theory Unit, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)]. E-mail: pgrassi@insti.physics.sunysb.edu

    2007-02-12

    The Lagrangian formalism for the supermembrane in any 11d supergravity background is constructed in the pure spinor framework. Our gauge-fixed action is manifestly BRST, supersymmetric, and 3d Lorentz invariant. The relation between the Free Differential Algebras (FDA) underlying 11d supergravity and the BRST symmetry of the membrane action is exploited. The 'gauge-fixing' has a natural interpretation as the variation of the Chevalley cohomology class needed for the extension of 11d super-Poincare superalgebra to M-theory FDA. We study the solution of the pure spinor constraints in full detail.

  8. Validación de un método analítico de determinación de dopamina por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daylín Hernández Falcón

    Full Text Available Introducción: la dopamina es una hormona endógena del grupo de las catecolaminas que se emplea como fármaco para simular la acción del sistema nervioso simpático, promueve el incremento de la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión arterial. Sin embargo; este medicamento presenta un alto potencial genotóxico y está asociado al tratamiento de enfermedades como la esquizofrenia y el Mal del Parkinson. Por tal motivo ha resultado de gran interés su determinación en las aguas residuales que emergen de su producción. Objetivo: validar un método para la cuantificación por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución de la dopamina presente en disoluciones acuosas. Métodos: la validación se llevó a cabo empleando una columna RP-18 de 250 x 4,6 mm, 5 µm; fase móvil: NaH2PO4 al 1 %/CH3OH (90/10; flujo: 1,0 mL/min y un detector ultravioleta visible a 280 nm. Se calcularon los límites de detección y cuantificación, y se evaluó la estabilidad del medicamento en las condiciones de análisis. Resultados: se obtuvieron pruebas documentadas que demuestran que el método resultó ser lineal (r= 0,999 y r²= 0,998, exacto y preciso en el intervalo de 1 x 10-4 mol/L a 2 x 10-3 mol/L; además, fue selectivo frente a los posibles productos de degradación obtenidos mediante la ozonización. Conclusiones: el método estudiado resulta lineal, preciso y exacto en el intervalo de concentraciones analizado, lo que permite la determinación de dopamina en solución acuosa.

  9. Probing photo-ionization: experiments on positive streamers in pure gases and mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nijdam, S; Van de Wetering, F M J H; Blanc, R; Van Veldhuizen, E M; Ebert, U

    2010-01-01

    Positive streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization; the parameters of photo-ionization depend on the nitrogen : oxygen ratio. Therefore we study streamers in nitrogen with 20%, 0.2% and 0.01% oxygen and in pure nitrogen as well as in pure oxygen and argon. Our new experimental set-up guarantees contamination of the pure gases to be well below 1 ppm. Streamers in oxygen are difficult to measure as they emit considerably less light in the sensitivity range of our fast ICCD camera than the other gases. Streamers in pure nitrogen and in all nitrogen-oxygen mixtures look generally similar, but become somewhat thinner and branch more with decreasing oxygen content. In pure nitrogen the streamers can branch so much that they resemble feathers. This feature is even more pronounced in pure argon, with approximately 10 2 hair tips cm -3 in the feathers at 200 mbar; this density can be interpreted as the free electron density creating avalanches towards the streamer stem. It is remarkable that the streamer velocity is essentially the same for similar voltage and pressure in all nitrogen-oxygen mixtures as well as in pure nitrogen, while the oxygen concentration and therefore the photo-ionization lengths vary by more than five orders of magnitude. Streamers in argon have essentially the same velocity as well. The physical similarity of streamers at different pressures is confirmed in all gases; the minimal diameters are smaller than in earlier measurements.

  10. Probing photo-ionization: experiments on positive streamers in pure gases and mixtures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nijdam, S; Van de Wetering, F M J H; Blanc, R; Van Veldhuizen, E M; Ebert, U, E-mail: s.nijdam@tue.n [Eindhoven University of Technology, Department Applied Physics, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (Netherlands)

    2010-04-14

    Positive streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization; the parameters of photo-ionization depend on the nitrogen : oxygen ratio. Therefore we study streamers in nitrogen with 20%, 0.2% and 0.01% oxygen and in pure nitrogen as well as in pure oxygen and argon. Our new experimental set-up guarantees contamination of the pure gases to be well below 1 ppm. Streamers in oxygen are difficult to measure as they emit considerably less light in the sensitivity range of our fast ICCD camera than the other gases. Streamers in pure nitrogen and in all nitrogen-oxygen mixtures look generally similar, but become somewhat thinner and branch more with decreasing oxygen content. In pure nitrogen the streamers can branch so much that they resemble feathers. This feature is even more pronounced in pure argon, with approximately 10{sup 2} hair tips cm{sup -3} in the feathers at 200 mbar; this density can be interpreted as the free electron density creating avalanches towards the streamer stem. It is remarkable that the streamer velocity is essentially the same for similar voltage and pressure in all nitrogen-oxygen mixtures as well as in pure nitrogen, while the oxygen concentration and therefore the photo-ionization lengths vary by more than five orders of magnitude. Streamers in argon have essentially the same velocity as well. The physical similarity of streamers at different pressures is confirmed in all gases; the minimal diameters are smaller than in earlier measurements.

  11. Mathematical Model for Multicomponent Adsorption Equilibria Using Only Pure Component Data

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Marcussen, Lis

    2000-01-01

    A mathematical model for nonideal adsorption equilibria in multicomponent mixtures is developed. It is applied with good results for pure substances and for prediction of strongly nonideal multicomponent equilibria using only pure component data. The model accounts for adsorbent...

  12. General entanglement-assisted transformation for bipartite pure quantum states

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Wei; Huang, Yan; Nai-LeLiu; Chen, Zeng-Bing

    2007-01-01

    We introduce the general catalysts for pure entanglement transformations under local operations and classical communications in such a way that we disregard the profit and loss of entanglement of the catalysts per se. As such, the possibilities of pure entanglement transformations are greatly expanded. We also design an efficient algorithm to detect whether a k × k general catalyst exists for a given entanglement transformation. This algorithm can also be exploited to witness the existence of standard catalysts.

  13. The neuroanatomy of pure apraxia of speech in stroke.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Graff-Radford, Jonathan; Jones, David T; Strand, Edythe A; Rabinstein, Alejandro A; Duffy, Joseph R; Josephs, Keith A

    2014-02-01

    The left insula or Broca's area have been proposed as the neuroanatomical correlate for apraxia of speech (AOS) based on studies of patients with both AOS and aphasia due to stroke. Studies of neurodegenerative AOS suggest the premotor area and the supplementary motor areas as the anatomical correlates. The study objective was to determine the common infarction area in patients with pure AOS due to stroke. Patients with AOS and no or equivocal aphasia due to ischemic stroke were identified through a pre-existing database. Seven subjects were identified. Five had pure AOS, and two had equivocal aphasia. MRI lesion analysis revealed maximal overlap spanning the left premotor and motor cortices. While both neurodegenerative AOS and stroke induced pure AOS involve the premotor cortex, further studies are needed to establish whether stroke-induced AOS and neurodegenerative AOS share a common anatomic substrate. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Pure Gravities via Color-Kinematics Duality for Fundamental Matter

    CERN Document Server

    Johansson, Henrik

    2015-01-01

    We give a prescription for the computation of loop-level scattering amplitudes in pure Einstein gravity, and four-dimensional pure supergravities, using the color-kinematics duality. Amplitudes are constructed using double copies of pure (super-)Yang-Mills parts and additional contributions from double copies of fundamental matter, which are treated as ghosts. The opposite-statistics states cancel the unwanted dilaton and axion in the bosonic theory, as well as the extra matter supermultiplets in supergravities. As a spinoff, we obtain a prescription for obtaining amplitudes in supergravities with arbitrary non-self-interacting matter. As a prerequisite, we extend the color-kinematics duality from the adjoint to the fundamental representation of the gauge group. We explain the numerator relations that the fundamental kinematic Lie algebra should satisfy. We give nontrivial evidence supporting our construction using explicit tree and loop amplitudes, as well as more general arguments.

  15. Visibility in a pure model of golden spiral phyllotaxis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herrmann, Burghard

    2018-07-01

    This paper considers the geometry of plants with golden spiral phyllotaxis, i.e. growing leaf by leaf on a spiral with golden divergence angle, via the simplest mathematical model, a cylinder with regular arrangement of points on its surface. As is well-known, Fibonacci numbers appear by means of the order of parastichies. This fact is shown to be a straightforward application of logical consequences to a particular model with respect to pure visibility. This notion is very similar to that of contact parastichies. The 3-D cylindrical model of golden spiral phyllotaxis abstracts from the form of leaves and identifies them with points. Pure visibility is specified in the 2-D representation so that common sense parastichies can be scrutinized. The main Theorem states that the orders of the purely most visible parastichies are Fibonacci numbers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Perceptions of the Pure Pallet Program

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Dye, Michael T

    2006-01-01

    .... Recommendations center on educating personnel on the importance of suboptimization avoidance and making the warfighter the most important customer. This research also serves as a formal source of information from which to form conclusions and make judgments on how well Air Force personnel are implementing the pure pallet program.

  17. Determinación de los riesgos laborales y su influencia en la salud en el personal que labora en la planta de agua de Uchupucun-Azogues, durante el proceso de potabilización 2007-2008

    OpenAIRE

    Cabrera Cárdenas, Susana Virginia

    2008-01-01

    La investigación Determinación de los riesgos laborales y su influencia en la salud en el personal que labora en la planta de agua de Uchupucun- Azogues durante el proceso de Potabilización.2007-2008" se planteó como objetivo identificar los procesos peligrosos o riesgos a los que se encuentra expuesto el personal que labora en la Planta de Agua. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO. El universo que participó en la investigación fue pequeño de 7 personas, el tipo de estudio fue descriptivo y cualitativo, se...

  18. Heat engine driven by purely quantum information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jung Jun; Kim, Kang-Hwan; Sagawa, Takahiro; Kim, Sang Wook

    2013-12-06

    The key question of this Letter is whether work can be extracted from a heat engine by using purely quantum mechanical information. If the answer is yes, what is its mathematical formula? First, by using a bipartite memory we show that the work extractable from a heat engine is bounded not only by the free energy change and the sum of the entropy change of an individual memory but also by the change of quantum mutual information contained inside the memory. We then find that the engine can be driven by purely quantum information, expressed as the so-called quantum discord, forming a part of the quantum mutual information. To confirm it, as a physical example we present the Szilard engine containing a diatomic molecule with a semipermeable wall.

  19. Effect of Bound Entanglement on the Convertibility of Pure States

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishizaka, Satoshi

    2004-01-01

    I show that bound entanglement strongly influences the quantum entanglement processing of pure states: If N distant parties share appropriate bound entangled states with positive partial transpose, all N-partite pure entangled states become inter-convertible by stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) at the single copy level. This implies that the Schmidt rank of a bipartite pure entangled state can be increased, and that two incomparable tripartite entanglement of the GHZ and W type can be inter-converted by the assistance of bound entanglement. Further, I propose the simplest experimental scheme for the demonstration of the corresponding bound-entanglement-assisted SLOCC. This scheme does not need quantum gates and is feasible for the current experimental technology of linear optics

  20. Purely non-local Hamiltonian formalism, Kohno connections and ∨-systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arsie, Alessandro; Lorenzoni, Paolo

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we extend purely non-local Hamiltonian formalism to a class of Riemannian F-manifolds, without assumptions on the semisimplicity of the product ○ or on the flatness of the connection ∇. In the flat case, we show that the recurrence relations for the principal hierarchy can be re-interpreted using a local and purely non-local Hamiltonian operators and in this case they split into two Lenard-Magri chains, one involving the even terms, the other involving the odd terms. Furthermore, we give an elementary proof that the Kohno property and the ∨-system condition are equivalent under suitable assumptions and we show how to associate a purely non-local Hamiltonian structure to any ∨-system, including degenerate ones

  1. Hifenaciones instrumentales entre la cromatografía líquida, diferentes sistemas detectores y nuevos métodos de pretratamiento de muestra para la determinación de vitaminas en alimentos

    OpenAIRE

    Bravo Bravo, María de los Ángeles

    2013-01-01

    El Objetivo Principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es desarrollar nuevos métodos analíticos para la determinación de vitaminas, constituyentes esenciales en la dieta humana. La Cromatografía Líquida (LC) combinada en línea con Espectrometría de Masas (MS) es una de las metodologías analíticas más sensibles y selectivas, y la aplicación de esta técnica está creciendo rápidamente en análisis de alimentos. Dependiendo de las estructuras químicas y características analíticas de los grupos de vitamin...

  2. Regional cerebral blood flow in pure dysarthria. A 3D-SSP study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okamoto, Kensho; Kamogawa, Kenji; Okuda, Bungo; Kawabata, Keita; Tachibana, Hisao

    2007-01-01

    Pure dysarthria from brain infarction is a rare condition, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. To clarify the underlying mechanism of pure dysarthria, we investigated the lesion sites and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with pure dysarthria. We examined 18 consecutive patients with pure dysarthria (9 men and 9 women; mean age, 71 years) who underwent MRI and cerebral blood flow studies. To visualize the regional cerebral blood flow, we generated Z score images using the three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection (3D-SSP) method with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and N-isopropyl-p [ 123 I]iodoamphetamine. Data on the brain surface perfusion extracted by the 3D-SSP analysis were compared between the pure dysarthria (PD) patients and 9 control subjects. MRI revealed multiple lacunar infarctions involving the internal capsule and/or corona radiata in 11 patients, left internal capsule-corona radiata infarction in 4 patients, and pontine infarction in 3 patients. SPECT with 3D-SSP demonstrated bilateral frontal cortical hypoperfusion in all patients, particularly in the anterior opercular region. Based on intergroup comparisons, the PD group exhibited pronounced cortical hypoperfusion in the opercular and medial frontal regions, left more than right. In conclusion, pure dysarthria is considered to originate from frontal cortical hypoperfusion, mainly in the anterior opercular and medial frontal regions, which is probably due to interruption of the corticosubcortical neural networks relevant to speech expression and articulation. In addition, it is suggested that left hemispheric lesions may make a greater contribution to the development of pure dysarthria than do right ones. (author)

  3. Estomatitis aftosa recurrente: Determinación de marcadores de inmunidad celular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amparo Pérez Borrego

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available La estomatitis aftosa recurrente, aftosis oral o aftas, es la enfermedad más frecuente de todas las lesiones de la mucosa oral. Su etiopatogenia no es completamente conocida, pero se citan factores genéticos, alimentarios, infecciosos, alérgicos, medicamentosos, traumáticos e inmunológicos. Estudiamos 51 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Pediátrico " William Soler", que padecen de esta enfermedad para valorar el estado de inmunocompetencia celular mediante la determinación del porcentaje de células formadoras de rosetas activas y espontáneas. La edad promedio en nuestro grupo fue de 12 años, ambos sexos se afectaron por igual, y se encontró un predominio franco de los enfermos de raza blanca sobre los de raza negra. El 73 % de los enfermos mostró afectación al menos de un marcador de inmunorrespuesta, 25 pacientes tuvieron ambos marcadores por debajo de lo normal y 12 casos presentaron alteración en uno de los dos. Se concluye que la enfermedad se asocia con defectos de la inmunidad celular, lo cual debe considerarse al indicar tratamiento, teniendo en cuenta que hasta el momento no disponemos de ninguna droga curativa.Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral aphthosis or aphthae is the most frequent of all oral mucosal membrane diseases. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not totally known but genetic, food, infectious, allergic, drug, trauma and immunological factors are involved. We studied 51 patients who suffered from this disease and were seen at the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of "William Soler" Pediatric Hospital. Our objective was to assess the cell immunocompetence by determining the percentage of active and spontaneous rosette-forming cells. The average age of the group was 12 years, both sexes were equally affected but white patients greatly prevailed over black patients. At least one immunoresponse marker of 73% of the patients was affected; 25 patients had both markers under the

  4. Desarrollo y validación de un método de cromatografía líquida para la determinación de biflorina obtenida de las raíces de Capraria biflora

    OpenAIRE

    Lyra Jr., Divaldo; Lira, Ana A. M.; Aquino, Thiago M.; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira; Santana, Davi P.

    2007-01-01

    Se desarrolló y validó un método de Cromatografía Líquida para la cuantificación de biflorina obtenida de las raíces de Capraria biflora. El análisis fue realizado utilizando una columna C18 en condiciones isocráticas utilizando metanol-agua como solvente, con detección UV a 510 nm. Se obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación alto para biflorina (0,9993). El método presentó buena repetibilidad (R.S.D. = 1,68 %), reproducibilidad (R.S.D. = 2,13 %) y exactitud para el pico de biflorina (99,13 %, ...

  5. La tendencia post gerencial en la determinación de la cultura organizacional del futuro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucas del Moral

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo nace de la necesidad de superar la falta de definición conceptual de lo que enfrentaremos en el futuro casi inmediato en el mundo de la administración de empresas y tuvo como finalidad la revisión bibliográfica desde el punto de vista del método de investigación documental-cualitativa, sobre una de las recientes tendencias de la Gerencia. Enfoca la atención sobre las tareas pasadas, actuales y futuras del Management y su influencia contemporánea en la determinación de la cultura Organizacional y como el nuevo fenómeno perceptual de la postgerencia del nuevo siglo afectará con la respectiva cuota de déficit conceptual, la misma Cultura Organizacional y Corporativa. Este artículo proporciona una interpretación de los investigadores y teóricos de más reciente data, que se han atrevido a advertir al mundo sobre la actual situación de la tarea de dirección de empresas. Su evolución hacia otra forma, enfoque y concepto de gerencia. Mas el autor salva asertivamente su responsabilidad en cuanto a definir lo que está ya implantado en las administraciones más avanzadas del mundo y advierte que el déficit conceptual que padece esta tendencia ahonda y profundiza su aceptación en la alta gerencia organizacional y empresarial en los países emergentes, para dinamizar el cambio necesario en su total implantación.

  6. Determinación complexométrica de trióxido de azufre en el cemento Portland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calleja, J.

    1960-12-01

    Full Text Available Not availableSe describe un método volumétrico (complexométrico para la determinación cuantitativa del trióxido de azufre en el cemento portland, basado en el ataque de la muestra con ácido nítrico, precipitación del trióxido de azufre con nitrato de plomo, redisolución del precipitado con tartrato sodopotásico amortiguamiento de la disolución a pH = 10 y valoración del plomo por complexometría con EDTA (complexonsa III utilizando como indicador negro de eriocromo T. Los resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos por el método gravimétrico clásico (precipitación del trióxido de azufre con cloruro bárico. La diferencia entre dos valores obtenidos por un mismo operador con la misma muestra, aplicando el método propuesto, están dentro de la tolerancia admitida por las normas A. S. T. M. para el método gravimétrico. La diferencia entre valores volumétricos y gravimétricos correspondientes a una misma muestra también entran dentro de dicha tolerancia. El método descrito tiene la ventaja de ser más rápido, no requerir calcinación y poder ser aplicado por cualquier operador con los medios ordinarios de un laboratorio.

  7. Preparation of pure phenols from tars

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meyer, J

    1929-06-18

    A process is disclosed for preparing pure phenols from brown coal and shale tar, characterized in that the alkaline extract obtained from the tar is oxidized and concurrently the alkaline solution is separated from the existing impurities by heating with steam at high temperature, which finally reaches at least 150/sup 0/C.

  8. Controlled synthesis of phase-pure zeolitic imidazolate framework Co-ZIF-9

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Öztürk, Z.; Hofmann, J.P.; Lutz, M.; Mazaj, M.; Zabukovec Logar, N.; Weckhuysen, B.M.

    2015-01-01

    The synthesis of phase-pure Co-ZIF-9, an important cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework, could be achieved by modification of the reported synthesis procedure through pH adjustment of the starting synthesis mixture. The phase-pure Co-ZIF-9 material obtained has been characterized by a

  9. Pure endmember extraction using robust kernel archetypoid analysis for hyperspectral imagery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Weiwei; Yang, Gang; Wu, Ke; Li, Weiyue; Zhang, Dianfa

    2017-09-01

    A robust kernel archetypoid analysis (RKADA) method is proposed to extract pure endmembers from hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The RKADA assumes that each pixel is a sparse linear mixture of all endmembers and each endmember corresponds to a real pixel in the image scene. First, it improves the re8gular archetypal analysis with a new binary sparse constraint, and the adoption of the kernel function constructs the principal convex hull in an infinite Hilbert space and enlarges the divergences between pairwise pixels. Second, the RKADA transfers the pure endmember extraction problem into an optimization problem by minimizing residual errors with the Huber loss function. The Huber loss function reduces the effects from big noises and outliers in the convergence procedure of RKADA and enhances the robustness of the optimization function. Third, the random kernel sinks for fast kernel matrix approximation and the two-stage algorithm for optimizing initial pure endmembers are utilized to improve its computational efficiency in realistic implementations of RKADA, respectively. The optimization equation of RKADA is solved by using the block coordinate descend scheme and the desired pure endmembers are finally obtained. Six state-of-the-art pure endmember extraction methods are employed to make comparisons with the RKADA on both synthetic and real Cuprite HSI datasets, including three geometrical algorithms vertex component analysis (VCA), alternative volume maximization (AVMAX) and orthogonal subspace projection (OSP), and three matrix factorization algorithms the preconditioning for successive projection algorithm (PreSPA), hierarchical clustering based on rank-two nonnegative matrix factorization (H2NMF) and self-dictionary multiple measurement vector (SDMMV). Experimental results show that the RKADA outperforms all the six methods in terms of spectral angle distance (SAD) and root-mean-square-error (RMSE). Moreover, the RKADA has short computational times in offline

  10. Multimedia programming with pure data

    CERN Document Server

    Chung, Bryan

    2013-01-01

    A quick and comprehensive tutorial book for media designers to jump-start interactive multimedia production with computer graphics, digital audio, digital video, and interactivity, using the Pure Data graphical programming environment.An introductory book on multimedia programming for media artists/designers who like to work on interactivity in their projects, digital art/design students who like to learn the first multimedia programming technique, and audio-visual performers who like to customize their performance sets

  11. On the question of pure or applied research in developing countries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sioshansi, P.; Lodhi, A.S.; Payrovan, H.

    1977-01-01

    One particular approach to the question of pure versus applied research is discussed in this article. It is pointed out how a modest applied research project has been initiated in this laboratory and how this line of work has subsequently developed to include pure research in related areas

  12. chemf: A purely functional chemistry toolkit.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Höck, Stefan; Riedl, Rainer

    2012-12-20

    Although programming in a type-safe and referentially transparent style offers several advantages over working with mutable data structures and side effects, this style of programming has not seen much use in chemistry-related software. Since functional programming languages were designed with referential transparency in mind, these languages offer a lot of support when writing immutable data structures and side-effects free code. We therefore started implementing our own toolkit based on the above programming paradigms in a modern, versatile programming language. We present our initial results with functional programming in chemistry by first describing an immutable data structure for molecular graphs together with a couple of simple algorithms to calculate basic molecular properties before writing a complete SMILES parser in accordance with the OpenSMILES specification. Along the way we show how to deal with input validation, error handling, bulk operations, and parallelization in a purely functional way. At the end we also analyze and improve our algorithms and data structures in terms of performance and compare it to existing toolkits both object-oriented and purely functional. All code was written in Scala, a modern multi-paradigm programming language with a strong support for functional programming and a highly sophisticated type system. We have successfully made the first important steps towards a purely functional chemistry toolkit. The data structures and algorithms presented in this article perform well while at the same time they can be safely used in parallelized applications, such as computer aided drug design experiments, without further adjustments. This stands in contrast to existing object-oriented toolkits where thread safety of data structures and algorithms is a deliberate design decision that can be hard to implement. Finally, the level of type-safety achieved by Scala highly increased the reliability of our code as well as the productivity of

  13. Eco-Cities: Possible or Purely Utopian?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-12-01

    00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Eco-Cities: Possible or Purely Utopian? 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...2005, Disney modified their building plans for Hong Kong Disneyland by shifting the angle of the front gate by twelve degrees in order to abide by

  14. Critical current of pure SNS junctions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Golub, A.A.; Bezzub, O.P.

    1982-01-01

    Boundary conditions at the superconductor-normal metal interface are determined, taking into account the differences in the effective masses and the density of states of the metals constituting the transition and assumed to be pure. The potential barrier of the interface is chosen to be zero. The critical current of the junction is calculated [ru

  15. Critical opalescence in the pure Coulomb system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bobrov, V.B., E-mail: vic5907@mail.r [Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaia St., 13, Bd. 2. Moscow 125412 (Russian Federation); Trigger, S.A., E-mail: satron@mail.r [Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaia St., 13, Bd. 2. Moscow 125412 (Russian Federation); Institut fuer Physik, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)

    2011-04-18

    Highlights: The review of the critical opalescence problem is presented. Light scattering in a two-component electron-nuclear system is studied. The exact relations between the structure factors and compressibility are found. The obtained relations are valid for strong interaction for the Coulomb systems. The experimental verification of these relations is possible for various elements. - Abstract: Based on the dielectric formalism and quantum field theory methods, the phenomenon of critical opalescence is explained for light scattering in pure matter as a two-component electron-nuclear system with Coulomb interaction. A similar phenomenon is shown to occur in the case of neutron scattering in pure substances as well. The obtained results are valid for quantum case and arbitrary strong Coulomb interaction. Thus, the relations between structure factors derived for the electron-nuclear system are the exact result of the quantum statistical mechanics.

  16. (Invited) Pure Dopant Deposition of B and Ga for Ultrashallow Junctions in Si-based Devices

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Nanver, L.K.; Sammak, A.; Mohammadi, V.; Mok, K.R.C.; Qi, L.; Sakic, A.; Golshani, N.; Darakhshandeh, J.; Scholtes, T.M.L.; De Boer, W.B.

    2012-01-01

    Envisioning wide future relevance, work is reviewed here on the pure dopant deposition of boron (PureB), gallium (PureGa) and the combination of the two (PureGaB), as used in the fabrication of nanometer shallow p+n Si and/or Ge diodes. Focus is placed on the special properties that have put these

  17. Transgastric pure-NOTES peritoneoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography for staging of gastrointestinal cancers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Donatsky, Anders Meller; Vilmann, Peter; Meisner, Søren

    2012-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Human natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has mainly been based on simultaneous laparoscopic assistance (hybrid NOTES), forgoing the theoretical benefits of the NOTES technique. This is due to a lack of NOTES-specific instruments and endoscopes, making pure-NOTES...... procedures difficult and time consuming. An area where pure NOTES could be adopted at its present stage of development is minimally invasive staging of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of combining transgastric (TG) pure-NOTES peritoneoscopy...... and intraperitoneal endoscopic ultrasonography (ip-EUS) with intraluminal EUS (il-EUS) for peritoneal evaluation. METHODS: This was a feasibility and survival study where il-EUS followed by ip-EUS and peritoneoscopy was performed in 10 pigs subjected to TG pure NOTES. A score was given with regard to achieved...

  18. The b ghost of the pure spinor formalism is nilpotent

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chandia, Osvaldo, E-mail: osvaldo.chandia@uai.c [Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales and Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago (Chile)

    2011-01-10

    The ghost for world-sheet reparametrization invariance is not a fundamental field in the pure spinor formalism. It is written as a combination of pure spinor variables which have conformal dimension two and such that it commutes with the BRST operator to give the world-sheet stress tensor. We show that the ghost variable defined in this way is nilpotent since the OPE of b with itself does not have singularities.

  19. Model answers in pure mathematics for a-level students

    CERN Document Server

    Pratt, GA; Schofield, C W

    1967-01-01

    Model Answers in Pure Mathematics for A-Level Students provides a set of solutions that indicate what is required and expected in an Advanced Level examination in Pure Mathematics. This book serves as a guide to the length of answer required, layout of the solution, and methods of selecting the best approach to any particular type of math problem. This compilation intends to supplement, not replace, the normal textbook and provides a varied selection of questions for practice in addition to the worked solutions. The subjects covered in this text include algebra, trigonometry, coordinate geomet

  20. Determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos, estado eutrófico y metales pesados de la laguna de Tecocomulco, Hidalgo; identificación de compuestos quelantes de Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f.

    OpenAIRE

    Delgadillo López, Angélica Evelin

    2014-01-01

    Actualmente se reconoce que las fitotecnologías son alternativas prometedoras a las técnicas clásicas de limpieza de medios contaminados con metales pesados. Sin embargo, su avance requiere la realización de estudios biogeoquímicos, de la determinación de la calidad del medio y del estado eutrófico de los cuerpos del agua, la búsqueda de nuevas especies vegetales adecuadas para este propósito y la identificación de aquellas sustancias orgánicas responsables de los procesos de acumulación de m...

  1. Determinación de atrazina y algunos de sus productos de degradación en suelos y agua por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución

    OpenAIRE

    Olarte, Israel; Guerrero, Jairo Arturo; Fuentes, Cilia

    2010-01-01

    En este estudio se describe la validación de un método analítico para la determinación simultánea de atrazina (AT) y sus metabolitos deetilatrazina (DEA) y deisopropilatrazina (DÍA) en agua de irrigación y suelo de uso agrícola. Las muestras de campo fueron tomadas de un ensayo realizado en el municipio de Saldaña, Tolima (Colombia), en una parcela de 330 m2 cultivada comercialmente con maíz, a la cual se le aplicó atrazina en una dosis de 2,9 kg. i.a/ha. Estas muestras fueron recole...

  2. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The Journal's scope is wide in that it reported findings in the areas of pure and ... Physics, Medical Sciences and Zoology form part of the contents of the Journal. Scientists in the academia, research institutes and industries are therefore ...

  3. Purely Magnetic Silent Universes do not Exist

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vu, K. T.; Carminati, J.

    2008-09-01

    We present a new Maple package called STeM (Symbolic Tetrad Manipulation). Using STeM, we outline, using a formalism which is a hybrid of the NP and Orthonormal ones, the proof of the nonexistence of purely magnetic silent universes.

  4. Pure General Gauge Mediation for Early LHC Searches

    CERN Document Server

    Abel, Steven; Jaeckel, Joerg; Khoze, Valentin V

    2010-01-01

    We present benchmark points for Pure General Gauge Mediation (GGM) models specifically optimised for early LHC searches. The pure GGM set-up is as defined in our previous paper arXiv:0910.2674: namely we adopt the minimal set-up in which B_mu is generated only through gauge interactions, and as a result tan beta is a prediction rather than an input. The only input parameters are messenger masses together with two independent scales which generate gaugino and scalar masses. The parameter space favoured by current experimental data includes an interesting region with light gluinos (m_g 2 cross-sections. This data in SLHA format can be found at http://www.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~SUSY

  5. Lattice modes of the chirally pure and racemic phases of tyrosine crystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belyanchikov, M. A. [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian Federation); Gorelik, V. S., E-mail: gorelik@sci.lebedev.ru [Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute (Russian Federation); Gorshunov, B. P. [Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian Federation); Pyatyshev, A. Yu., E-mail: jb-valensia@mail.ru [Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Russian Federation)

    2017-01-15

    High-Q librational modes have been found to be present in the infrared absorption and Raman spectra of chirally pure L-tyrosine. Such modes can serve as terahertz radiation detectors and generators in chirally pure biostructures.

  6. Pure sociology and social geometry as an example of formal sociological theory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Škorić Marko

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper analyzes pure sociology and social geometry of Donald Black as an example of formal sociological theory. Starting with the importance of formal and analytical theory in sociology, we present the bold theoretical strategy and/or the paradigm of the sociology of behavior of social life. The examples of pure sociology and social geometry concerning law, violence and homosexuality are presented as well. A review and critique of pure sociology as a scientific formal theory is offered in the end.

  7. Pure drug nanoparticles in tablets: what are the dissolution limitations?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heng, Desmond; Ogawa, Keiko; Cutler, David J.; Chan, Hak-Kim; Raper, Judy A.; Ye Lin; Yun, Jimmy

    2010-01-01

    There has been increasing interests for drug companies to incorporate drug nanoparticles into their existing formulations. However, technical knowledge in this area is still in its infancy and more study needs to be done to stimulate growth in this fledging field. There is a need to scrutinize the performance of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets, particularly relating formulation variables to their dissolution performance. Application of the pure form, synthesized without the use of surfactants or stabilizers, is often preferred to maximize drug loading and also to minimize toxicity. Cefuroxime axetil, a poorly water-soluble cephalosporin antibiotic, was used as the model drug in the formulation development. Drug release rate, tablet disintegration time, tensile strength and energy of failure were predominantly influenced by the amount of super-disintegrant, amount of surfactant, compression force and diluent species, respectively. The compression rate had minimal impact on the responses. The main hurdle confronting the effective use of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets is the difficulty in controlling aggregation in solution, which could potentially be aggravated by the tabletting process. Through the use of elevated levels of surfactants (8 w/w% sodium dodecyl sulphate), drug release from the nanoparticle preparation was enhanced from 58.0 ± 2.7% to 72.3 ± 0.7% in 10 min. Hence, it is recommended that physical formulations for pure drug nanoparticles be focused on the particle de-aggregation step in solution, if much higher rates are to be desired. In conclusion, even though pure drug nanoparticles could be easily synthesized, limitations from aggregation may need to be overcome, before successful application in tablets can be fully realized.

  8. Pure drug nanoparticles in tablets: what are the dissolution limitations?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heng, Desmond [Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (Singapore); Ogawa, Keiko [Nitto Denko Co. Ltd., Medical Division (Japan); Cutler, David J.; Chan, Hak-Kim, E-mail: kimc@pharm.usyd.edu.a [University of Sydney, Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, A15 (Australia); Raper, Judy A. [University of Wollongong, Vice Chancellor' s Unit (Australia); Ye Lin [University of Sydney, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering (Australia); Yun, Jimmy [Nanomaterials Technology Pty. Ltd. (Singapore)

    2010-06-15

    There has been increasing interests for drug companies to incorporate drug nanoparticles into their existing formulations. However, technical knowledge in this area is still in its infancy and more study needs to be done to stimulate growth in this fledging field. There is a need to scrutinize the performance of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets, particularly relating formulation variables to their dissolution performance. Application of the pure form, synthesized without the use of surfactants or stabilizers, is often preferred to maximize drug loading and also to minimize toxicity. Cefuroxime axetil, a poorly water-soluble cephalosporin antibiotic, was used as the model drug in the formulation development. Drug release rate, tablet disintegration time, tensile strength and energy of failure were predominantly influenced by the amount of super-disintegrant, amount of surfactant, compression force and diluent species, respectively. The compression rate had minimal impact on the responses. The main hurdle confronting the effective use of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets is the difficulty in controlling aggregation in solution, which could potentially be aggravated by the tabletting process. Through the use of elevated levels of surfactants (8 w/w% sodium dodecyl sulphate), drug release from the nanoparticle preparation was enhanced from 58.0 {+-} 2.7% to 72.3 {+-} 0.7% in 10 min. Hence, it is recommended that physical formulations for pure drug nanoparticles be focused on the particle de-aggregation step in solution, if much higher rates are to be desired. In conclusion, even though pure drug nanoparticles could be easily synthesized, limitations from aggregation may need to be overcome, before successful application in tablets can be fully realized.

  9. Pure drug nanoparticles in tablets: what are the dissolution limitations?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heng, Desmond; Ogawa, Keiko; Cutler, David J.; Chan, Hak-Kim; Raper, Judy A.; Ye, Lin; Yun, Jimmy

    2010-06-01

    There has been increasing interests for drug companies to incorporate drug nanoparticles into their existing formulations. However, technical knowledge in this area is still in its infancy and more study needs to be done to stimulate growth in this fledging field. There is a need to scrutinize the performance of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets, particularly relating formulation variables to their dissolution performance. Application of the pure form, synthesized without the use of surfactants or stabilizers, is often preferred to maximize drug loading and also to minimize toxicity. Cefuroxime axetil, a poorly water-soluble cephalosporin antibiotic, was used as the model drug in the formulation development. Drug release rate, tablet disintegration time, tensile strength and energy of failure were predominantly influenced by the amount of super-disintegrant, amount of surfactant, compression force and diluent species, respectively. The compression rate had minimal impact on the responses. The main hurdle confronting the effective use of pure drug nanoparticles in tablets is the difficulty in controlling aggregation in solution, which could potentially be aggravated by the tabletting process. Through the use of elevated levels of surfactants (8 w/w% sodium dodecyl sulphate), drug release from the nanoparticle preparation was enhanced from 58.0 ± 2.7% to 72.3 ± 0.7% in 10 min. Hence, it is recommended that physical formulations for pure drug nanoparticles be focused on the particle de-aggregation step in solution, if much higher rates are to be desired. In conclusion, even though pure drug nanoparticles could be easily synthesized, limitations from aggregation may need to be overcome, before successful application in tablets can be fully realized.

  10. Tribological Properties of Surface-Textured and Plasma-Nitrided Pure Titanium Under Oil Lubrication Condition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Baosen; Dong, Qiangsheng; Ba, Zhixin; Wang, Zhangzhong; Shi, Hancheng; Xue, Yanting

    2018-01-01

    Plasma nitriding was conducted as post-treatment for surface texture on pure titanium to obtain a continuous nitriding layer. Supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB) was carried out to prepare surface texture. The surface morphologies and chemical composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy. The microstructures of modified layers were characterized by transmission electron microscope. The tribological properties of surface-textured and duplex-treated pure titanium under oil lubrication condition were systematically investigated in the ball-on-plate reciprocating mode. The effects of applied load and sliding velocity on the tribological behavior were analyzed. The results show that after duplex treatments, the grains size in modified layer becomes slightly larger, and hardness is obviously improved. Wear resistance of duplex-treated pure titanium is significantly improved referenced to untreated and surface-textured pure titanium, which is 3.22 times as much as untreated pure titanium and 2.15 times of that for surface-textured pure titanium, respectively.

  11. In vitro degradation of pure Mg in response to glucose

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeng, Rong-Chang; Li, Xiao-Ting; Li, Shuo-Qi; Zhang, Fen; Han, En-Hou

    2015-08-01

    Magnesium and its alloys are promising biodegradable biomaterials but are still challenging to be used in person with high levels of blood glucose or diabetes. To date, the influence of glucose on magnesium degradation has not yet been elucidated, this issue requires more attention. Herein, we present pure Mg exhibiting different corrosion responses to saline and Hank’s solutions with different glucose contents, and the degradation mechanism of pure Mg in the saline solution with glucose in comparison with mannitol as a control. On one hand, the corrosion rate of pure Mg increases with the glucose concentration in saline solutions. Glucose rapidly transforms into gluconic acid, which attacks the oxides of the metal and decreases the pH of the solution; it also promotes the absorption of chloride ions on the Mg surface and consequently accelerates corrosion. On the other hand, better corrosion resistance is obtained with increasing glucose content in Hank’s solution due to the fact that glucose coordinates Ca2+ ions in Hank’s solution and thus improves the formation of Ca-P compounds on the pure Mg surface. This finding will open up new avenues for research on the biodegradation of bio-Mg materials in general, which could yield many new and interesting results.

  12. Excitation of coherent propagating spin waves by pure spin currents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demidov, Vladislav E; Urazhdin, Sergei; Liu, Ronghua; Divinskiy, Boris; Telegin, Andrey; Demokritov, Sergej O

    2016-01-28

    Utilization of pure spin currents not accompanied by the flow of electrical charge provides unprecedented opportunities for the emerging technologies based on the electron's spin degree of freedom, such as spintronics and magnonics. It was recently shown that pure spin currents can be used to excite coherent magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures. However, because of the intrinsic nonlinear self-localization effects, magnetic auto-oscillations in the demonstrated devices were spatially confined, preventing their applications as sources of propagating spin waves in magnonic circuits using these waves as signal carriers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate efficient excitation and directional propagation of coherent spin waves generated by pure spin current. We show that this can be achieved by using the nonlocal spin injection mechanism, which enables flexible design of magnetic nanosystems and allows one to efficiently control their dynamic characteristics.

  13. Too Little, Too Late: Reduced Visual Span and Speed Characterize Pure Alexia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Habekost, Thomas; Leff, Alexander P.

    2009-01-01

    Whether normal word reading includes a stage of visual processing selectively dedicated to word or letter recognition is highly debated. Characterizing pure alexia, a seemingly selective disorder of reading, has been central to this debate. Two main theories claim either that 1) Pure alexia is caused by damage to a reading specific brain region in the left fusiform gyrus or 2) Pure alexia results from a general visual impairment that may particularly affect simultaneous processing of multiple items. We tested these competing theories in 4 patients with pure alexia using sensitive psychophysical measures and mathematical modeling. Recognition of single letters and digits in the central visual field was impaired in all patients. Visual apprehension span was also reduced for both letters and digits in all patients. The only cortical region lesioned across all 4 patients was the left fusiform gyrus, indicating that this region subserves a function broader than letter or word identification. We suggest that a seemingly pure disorder of reading can arise due to a general reduction of visual speed and span, and explain why this has a disproportionate impact on word reading while recognition of other visual stimuli are less obviously affected. PMID:19366870

  14. Optical characterization of pure vegetable oils and their biodiesels using Raman spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Firdous, S.; Anwar, S.; Waheed, A.; Maraj, M.

    2016-04-01

    Great concern regarding energy resources and environmental polution has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. Biodiesels as an alternative fuel provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. The Raman spectra of pure biodiesels of soybean oil, olive oil, coconut oil, animal fats, and petroleum diesel are optically characterized for quality and biofuel as an alternative fuel. The most significant spectral differences are observed in the frequency range around 1457 cm-1 for pure petroleum diesel, 1427 for fats biodiesel, 1670 cm-1 for pure soybean oil, 1461 cm-1 for soybean oil based biodiesel, 1670 cm-1 for pure olive oil, 1666 cm-1 for olive oil based biodiesel, 1461 cm-1 for pure coconut oil, and 1460 cm-1 for coconut oil based biodiesel, which is used for the analysis of the phase composition of oils. A diode pump solid-state laser with a 532 nm wavelength is used as an illuminating light. It is demonstrated that the peak positions and relative intensities of the vibrations of the oils can be used to identify the biodiesel quality for being used as biofuel.

  15. Pure states of general quantum-mechanical systems as Kaehler bundles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abbati, M.C.; Cirelli, R.; Lanzavecchia, P.; Mania, A.

    1984-01-01

    Pure states of general quantum systems in the Csup(*)-algebraic approach are endowed with a structure both of Kaehler manifold and of projective bundle with uniformity on the total space. The former structure gives a geometric interpretation of transition probabilities and Wigner theorem. The latter is a finer structure which determines Csup(*)-algebras up to sup(*)-isomorphisms. Pure states of Csup(*)-algebras with continuous trace among projective bundles with uniformity are characterized

  16. Purely temporal figure-ground segregation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kandil, F I; Fahle, M

    2001-05-01

    Visual figure-ground segregation is achieved by exploiting differences in features such as luminance, colour, motion or presentation time between a figure and its surround. Here we determine the shortest delay times required for figure-ground segregation based on purely temporal features. Previous studies usually employed stimulus onset asynchronies between figure- and ground-containing possible artefacts based on apparent motion cues or on luminance differences. Our stimuli systematically avoid these artefacts by constantly showing 20 x 20 'colons' that flip by 90 degrees around their midpoints at constant time intervals. Colons constituting the background flip in-phase whereas those constituting the target flip with a phase delay. We tested the impact of frequency modulation and phase reduction on target detection. Younger subjects performed well above chance even at temporal delays as short as 13 ms, whilst older subjects required up to three times longer delays in some conditions. Figure-ground segregation can rely on purely temporal delays down to around 10 ms even in the absence of luminance and motion artefacts, indicating a temporal precision of cortical information processing almost an order of magnitude lower than the one required for some models of feature binding in the visual cortex [e.g. Singer, W. (1999), Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 189-194]. Hence, in our experiment, observers are unable to use temporal stimulus features with the precision required for these models.

  17. Assessing the microstructural and rheological changes induced by food additives on potato puree.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dankar, Iman; Haddarah, Amira; El Omar, Fawaz; Sepulcre, Francesc; Pujolà, Montserrat

    2018-02-01

    The effects of agar, alginate, lecithin and glycerol on the rheological properties of commercial potato puree were investigated and interpreted in terms of starch microstructural changes, and the applicability of the Cox-Merz rule was evaluated. Each additive was applied separately at two concentrations (0.5 and 1%). Microscopic observations revealed more swollen starch aggregations in lecithin and glycerol compared with those of potato puree and agar, consequently affecting the rheological properties of potato puree. All samples exhibited shear thinning non-Newtonian behaviour. Rheological measurements were strongly concentration dependent. At 0.5% concentration, additives exerted decreases in all the rheological properties of potato puree in the order of glycerol>alginate>lecithin>agar, while at 1% concentration, the order changed to glycerol>lecithin>alginate, whereas 1% agar behaved differently, increasing all rheological values. This study also showed that agar and alginate in addition to potato puree could be valuable and advantageous for further technological processes, such as 3D printing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Critical opalescence in the pure Coulomb system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bobrov, V.B.; Trigger, S.A.

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → The review of the critical opalescence problem is presented. → Light scattering in a two-component electron-nuclear system is studied. → The exact relations between the structure factors and compressibility are found. → The obtained relations are valid for strong interaction for the Coulomb systems. → The experimental verification of these relations is possible for various elements. - Abstract: Based on the dielectric formalism and quantum field theory methods, the phenomenon of critical opalescence is explained for light scattering in pure matter as a two-component electron-nuclear system with Coulomb interaction. A similar phenomenon is shown to occur in the case of neutron scattering in pure substances as well. The obtained results are valid for quantum case and arbitrary strong Coulomb interaction. Thus, the relations between structure factors derived for the electron-nuclear system are the exact result of the quantum statistical mechanics.

  19. Un nuevo m??todo de cromatograf??a de l??quidos de alto rendimiento y de fase inversa para la determinaci??n de flutamida en liposomas, plasma de sangre de rata y formas de dosificaci??n en comprimidos

    OpenAIRE

    Umrethia, M.L.; Ghosh, P.K.; Majithiya, R.J.; Murthy, R.S.R.

    2005-01-01

    La flutamida es un antiandr??geno ampliamente utilizado en el tratamiento del c??ncer de pr??stata que afecta al nivel de ant??geno espec??fico de la pr??stata (PSA) en sangre, lo que requiere que sea estable en la sangre durante el suficiente tiempo. Se ha desarrollado una nueva forma de dosificaci??n farmac??utica, los liposomas, para mejorar la eficacia de este f??rmaco. El objeto de este estudio es desarrollar un m??todo HPLC UV para la determinaci??n de la FLT en los liposoma...

  20. Investigations on the properties of pure and rare earth modified bismuth ferrite ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kazhugasalamoorthy, S.; Jegatheesan, P.; Mohandoss, R.; Giridharan, N.V.; Karthikeyan, B.; Joseyphus, R. Justin; Dhanuskodi, S.

    2010-01-01

    Pure BiFeO 3 (BFO) and La-modified BiFeO 3 (Bi 1-x La x FeO 3 with x = 0.2 and 0.4) ceramic powders were synthesized at relatively low temperature by ferrioxalate precursor method. Pure compositions did not yield phase pure powders and contain secondary phases. At the same time, La-modification at different concentration levels in BFO promoted the formation of perovskite phase with the elimination of secondary phases and phase pure ceramic powders were obtained for the composition Bi 1-x La x FeO 3 with x = 0.4. Further, the effect of lanthanum substitution on the morphology, electrical and magnetic properties was also investigated.

  1. Relativistic stars with purely toroidal magnetic fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiuchi, Kenta; Yoshida, Shijun

    2008-01-01

    We investigate the effects of the purely toroidal magnetic field on the equilibrium structures of the relativistic stars. The basic equations for obtaining equilibrium solutions of relativistic rotating stars containing purely toroidal magnetic fields are derived for the first time. To solve these basic equations numerically, we extend the Cook-Shapiro-Teukolsky scheme for calculating relativistic rotating stars containing no magnetic field to incorporate the effects of the purely toroidal magnetic fields. By using the numerical scheme, we then calculate a large number of the equilibrium configurations for a particular distribution of the magnetic field in order to explore the equilibrium properties. We also construct the equilibrium sequences of the constant baryon mass and/or the constant magnetic flux, which model the evolution of an isolated neutron star as it loses angular momentum via the gravitational waves. Important properties of the equilibrium configurations of the magnetized stars obtained in this study are summarized as follows: (1) For the nonrotating stars, the matter distribution of the stars is prolately distorted due to the toroidal magnetic fields. (2) For the rapidly rotating stars, the shape of the stellar surface becomes oblate because of the centrifugal force. But, the matter distribution deep inside the star is sufficiently prolate for the mean matter distribution of the star to be prolate. (3) The stronger toroidal magnetic fields lead to the mass shedding of the stars at the lower angular velocity. (4) For some equilibrium sequences of the constant baryon mass and magnetic flux, the stars can spin up as they lose angular momentum.

  2. Fourier-transform ghost imaging with pure far-field correlated thermal light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Honglin; Shen Xia; Han Shensheng; Zhu Daming

    2007-01-01

    Pure far-field correlated thermal light beams are created with phase grating, and Fourier-transform ghost imaging depending only on the far-field correlation is demonstrated experimentally. Theoretical analysis and the results of experimental investigation of this pure far-field correlated thermal light are presented. Applications which may be exploited with this imaging scheme are discussed

  3. Desarrollo de un método de CLAR-IR para la determinación de etanol residual en vacuna Development of a HPLC-IR method for determination of residual ethanol in vaccine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Cuevas Valdespino

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Los ingredientes farmacéuticos activos de la vacuna antimeningocócica cubana VA-MENGOC-BC TM (vesículas de membrana externa purificadas de Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupo B y polisacárido capsular purificado de Neisseria meningitidis, serogrupo C son conservados en etanol, de ahí que dicha vacuna posea un contenido de etanol residual, cuya concentración real no se conocía hasta el momento. Las regulaciones internacionales plantean que los productos biofarmacéuticos y sus ingredientes farmacéuticos activos deben tener bien caracterizadas todas sus impurezas, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue el desarrollo de un método de determinación de etanol mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución-índice de refracción para estos fines y su comparación con un método utilizado frecuentemente para cuantificar este solvente, como es la cromatografía gaseosa. El método evaluado resultó ser útil y con una buena robustez para la determinación de este solvente orgánico en esta vacuna antimenigocócica. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados obtenidos al evaluar las mismas muestras de vacuna mediante ambos métodos cromatográficos (cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y cromatografía gaseosa, lo que indica la posibilidad del uso de la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución en sustitución de la cromatografía gaseosa para esta determinación.Active pharmaceutical ingredients of Cuban anti-meningococcal vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC TM (vesicles of purified external membranes of Neisseria meningitidis, B serum-group, and purified capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis, serum-group C are stored in ethanol, thus that such vaccine has residual ethanol content, of which real concentration is not known just now. International regulations propose that the biopharmaceutical products and its active pharmaceutical ingredients must to have well defined all impurities, thus

  4. Is word recognition crowded in pure alexia?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sand, Katrine; Habekost, Thomas; Petersen, Anders

    2017-01-01

    Pure alexia is a selective deficit in reading, which arises following damage to the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Crowding, the inability to recognise objects in a clutter, has recently been hypothesised to be the underlying deficit of apperceptive visual agnosia1. Crowding normally occurs...

  5. Angels and demons are among us: assessing individual differences in belief in pure evil and belief in pure good.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Webster, Russell J; Saucier, Donald A

    2013-11-01

    We conducted five studies to demonstrate that individuals' beliefs in pure evil (BPE) and in pure good (BPG) are valid and important psychological constructs. First, these studies together demonstrated that BPE and BPG are reliable, unitary, and stable constructs each composed of eight theoretically interdependent dimensions. Second, these studies showed that across a wide variety of different measures, higher BPE consistently related to greater intergroup aggression (e.g., supporting the death penalty and preemptive military aggression) and less intergroup prosociality (e.g., opposing criminal rehabilitation, proracial policies, and beneficial social programs), while higher BPG consistently related to less intergroup aggression (e.g., opposing proviolent foreign relations and torture) and greater intergroup prosociality (e.g., supporting criminal rehabilitation and support for diplomacy). In sum, these studies evidence that BPE and BPG relate to aggressive and prosocial orientations toward others and have strong potential to advance current theories on prejudice, aggression, and prosociality.

  6. An apparatus for preparing isotopically pure He4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McClintock, P.V.E.

    1978-01-01

    A cryostat has been constructed for extracting pure He 4 from He II of natural isotopic composition by means of a heat flush technique. It is shown that the method is in principle capable of yielding He 4 which is entirely devoid of He 3 isotopic impurities. A secondary heat flush, operated in conjunction with a conical heat exchanger of novel design, was used to place an experimental lower bound of 2 x 10 15 on the He 4 /He 3 ratio of the product, a standard sufficient for all present or projected applications requiring isotopically pure He 4 . The apparatus produces 2 000 1 (at standard temperature and pressure) of He 4 per thermal cycle. The design of future purifiers is discussed. (author)

  7. Anodic oxidation of InP in pure water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robach, Y.; Joseph, J.; Bergignat, E.; Hollinger, G.

    1989-01-01

    It is shown that thin InP native oxide films can be grown by anodization of InP in pure water. An interfacial phosphorus-rich In(PO 3 ) 3 -like condensed phosphate is obtained this way. This condensed phosphate has good passivating properties and can be used in electronic device technology. The chemical composition of these native oxides was found similar to that of an anodic oxide grown in an anodization in glycol and water (AGW) electrolyte. From the similarity between the two depth profiles observed in pure water and AGW electrolyte, they can conclude that dissolution phenomena do not seem to play a major role. The oxide growth seems to be controlled by the drift of ionic species under the electric field

  8. Metabolismo del desecho en la determinación social de la salud: economía política y geografía crítica de la basura en el Ecuador 2009-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Soliz Torres, María Fernanda

    2014-01-01

    La investigación analiza el metabolismo social capitalista a través del estudio de su quinto proceso, la excreción. En una suerte de relación subsunción-autonomía, partimos de la construcción de una teoría crítica del metabolismo del desecho en la determinación social de la salud que aterriza en un estudio nacional de economía política y geografía crítica de la basura en el Ecuador, y termina con un estudio de caso que devela de qué manera esos procesos macro determinan las con...

  9. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences: Submissions

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (BAJOPAS) is an international journal that publishes original research and critical reviews in broad areas of ... Technology, Mathematical Sciences, Microbiology, Physics and Medical Sciences.

  10. pupyMPI - MPI implemented in pure Python

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bromer, Rune; Hantho, Frederik; Vinter, Brian

    2011-01-01

    As distributed memory systems have become common, the de facto standard for communication is still the Message Passing Interface (MPI). pupyMPI is a pure Python implementation of a broad subset of the MPI 1.3 specifications that allows Python programmers to utilize multiple CPUs with datatypes...

  11. Revival of pure titanium for dynamically loaded porous implants using additive manufacturing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wauthle, Ruben; Ahmadi, Seyed Mohammad; Amin Yavari, Saber; Mulier, Michiel; Zadpoor, Amir Abbas; Weinans, Harrie; Van Humbeeck, Jan; Kruth, Jean-Pierre; Schrooten, Jan

    2015-09-01

    Additive manufacturing techniques are getting more and more established as reliable methods for producing porous metal implants thanks to the almost full geometrical and mechanical control of the designed porous biomaterial. Today, Ti6Al4V ELI is still the most widely used material for porous implants, and none or little interest goes to pure titanium for use in orthopedic or load-bearing implants. Given the special mechanical behavior of cellular structures and the material properties inherent to the additive manufacturing of metals, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of selective laser melted pure unalloyed titanium porous structures. Therefore, the static and dynamic compressive properties of pure titanium structures are determined and compared to previously reported results for identical structures made from Ti6Al4V ELI and tantalum. The results show that porous Ti6Al4V ELI still remains the strongest material for statically loaded applications, whereas pure titanium has a mechanical behavior similar to tantalum and is the material of choice for cyclically loaded porous implants. These findings are considered to be important for future implant developments since it announces a potential revival of the use of pure titanium for additively manufactured porous implants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Optical characterization of pure vegetable oils and their biodiesels using Raman spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Firdous, S; Anwar, S; Waheed, A; Maraj, M

    2016-01-01

    Great concern regarding energy resources and environmental polution has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. Biodiesels as an alternative fuel provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. The Raman spectra of pure biodiesels of soybean oil, olive oil, coconut oil, animal fats, and petroleum diesel are optically characterized for quality and biofuel as an alternative fuel. The most significant spectral differences are observed in the frequency range around 1457 cm −1 for pure petroleum diesel, 1427 for fats biodiesel, 1670 cm −1 for pure soybean oil, 1461 cm −1 for soybean oil based biodiesel, 1670 cm −1 for pure olive oil, 1666 cm −1 for olive oil based biodiesel, 1461 cm −1 for pure coconut oil, and 1460 cm −1 for coconut oil based biodiesel, which is used for the analysis of the phase composition of oils. A diode pump solid-state laser with a 532 nm wavelength is used as an illuminating light. It is demonstrated that the peak positions and relative intensities of the vibrations of the oils can be used to identify the biodiesel quality for being used as biofuel. (paper)

  13. Determinación de sílice libre en materias primas para la industria del cemento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calleja, J.

    1965-12-01

    Full Text Available Not availableLa existencia de sílice libre en las materias primas y, por lo tanto, en los crudos empleados en la fabricación de cemento Portland es desventajosa por la escasa reactividad de esta sílice, sobre todo si no posee una finura suficiente. La determinación de sílice cuarzosa en tales materiales es decisiva para la buena marcha de la clinkerización en fábricas cuyas materias primas adolecen de la desventaja de contenerla. Los métodos propugnados suelen ser poco reproducibles y precisos, y dan resultados bastante erráticos. En el presente trabajo, y después de haber ensayado diversos métodos citados en la bibliografía, se describe y recomienda un procedimiento, basado en el ataque del material por ácido pirofosfórico. Las variables que juegan en el proceso descrito son el tamaño de grano de la muestra, en particular el de la sílice libre, la temperatura y el tiempo de ataque. En las condiciones que se especifican se consigue una disolución prácticamente total de los silicatos, sin que apenas se· disuelvan las partículas más finas de cuarzo. Con ello se consigue una exactitud y una precisión tal como pone de manifiesto el análisis estadístico de los resultados obtenidos al determinar sílice libre en diversas materias primas y crudos para cemento.

  14. Hidatidosis humana: ecografía de campo para la determinación de grupos de alto riesgo en la evaluación de un programa de control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edmundo Larrieu

    1989-08-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de equipos ultrasonográficos portátiles ha permitido incorporar esta técnica a los métodos de detección precoz de la Hidatidosis Humana. En esta experiência fueron efectuadas 690 ecografias, hallándose un 5.51% de imágenes compatibles en población general y un 12.24% en grupos de riesgo (convivientes de casos operados. Se observo una disminución significativa de los porcentajes de infección en el hombre en población general en Ias áreas bajo programa de control, utilizándose Ias encuestas ecográficas para esta determinación. Se concluyó sobre la posibilidad de incorporar la ecografía a los sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica de la hidatidosis humana.

  15. Modeling the adsorption of mixed gases based on pure gas adsorption properties

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tzabar, N.; Holland, H. J.; Vermeer, C. H.; Ter Brake, H. J.M.

    2015-01-01

    Sorption-based Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers usually operate with pure gases. A sorption-based compressor has many benefits; however, it is limited by the pressure ratios it can provide. Using a mixed-refrigerant (MR) instead of a pure refrigerant in JT cryocoolers allows working at much lower

  16. Canonical form of three-fermion pure-states with six single particle states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Lin; Ž Ðoković, Dragomir; Grassl, Markus; Zeng, Bei

    2014-01-01

    We construct a canonical form for pure states in ∧ 3 (C 6 ), the three-fermion system with six single particle states, under local unitary (LU) transformations, i.e., the unitary group U(6). We also construct a minimal set of generators of the algebra of polynomial U(6)-invariants on ∧ 3 (C 6 ). It turns out that this algebra is isomorphic to the algebra of polynomial LU-invariants of three-qubits which are additionally invariant under qubit permutations. As a consequence of this surprising fact, we deduce that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the U(6)-orbits of pure three-fermion states in ∧ 3 (C 6 ) and the LU orbits of pure three-qubit states when qubit permutations are allowed. As an important byproduct, we obtain a new canonical form for pure three-qubit states under LU transformations U(2) × U(2) × U(2) (no qubit permutations allowed)

  17. Proton irradiation studies on pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dutta Gupta, A. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Mukherjee, P., E-mail: paramita@vecc.gov.in [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharyya, P.; Bhattacharya, M. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata (India); Sarkar, Apu [Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India); Sen, S. [Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (India); Mitra, M.K. [Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (India)

    2016-11-15

    Post irradiated microstructural characterisation of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V has been done as a function of dose using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. There is a systematic change of domain size for both the materials with dose but the microstrain within the domain remains almost unaltered. The domain size appears to be lower for pure Ti at all doses as compared to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. XRD peaks became highly asymmetric particularly at a dose of 5 × 10{sup 21} p/m{sup 2} for Ti-6Al-4V samples which is not observed for pure Ti at the same dose. This may be attributed to the segregation of alloying elements as a result of irradiation. Microhardness values increases with dose for pure Ti and then saturates at higher doses whereas microhardness values are found to decrease at higher doses for Ti-6Al-4V.

  18. Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing on Pitting Corrosion of Pure Aluminum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Injoon Son

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP on the pitting corrosion of pure Al was investigated using electrochemical techniques in solutions containing 0.1 m mol·dm−3 of Na2SO4 and 8.46 mol·dm−3 of NaCl (300 ppm Cl− and followed by surface analysis. The potential for pitting corrosion of pure Al was clearly shifted in the noble direction by the ECAP process indicating that this process improves resistance to pitting corrosion. The time dependence of corrosion potential and the anodic potential at 1 A·m−2 revealed that the rate of formation of Al oxide films increased due to a decrease in the grain size of the Al after ECAP. Since there exists a negligible amount of impurity precipitates in pure Al, the improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of pure Al by ECAP appears to be attributable to an increase in the rate of formation of Al oxide films.

  19. [Effects of laser welding on bond of porcelain fused cast pure titanium].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Juan-fang; He, Hui-ming; Gao, Bo; Wang, Zhong-yi

    2006-04-01

    To investigate the influence of the laser welding on bond of porcelain fused to cast pure titanium. Twenty cast titanium plates were divided into two groups: laser welded group and control group. The low-fusing porcelain was fused to the laser welded cast pure titanium plates at fusion zone. The bond strength of the porcelain to laser welded cast pure titanium was measured by the three-point bending test. The interface of titanium and porcelain was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy depressive X-ray detector (EDX). The non-welded titanium plates were used as comparison. No significant difference of the bond strength was found between laser-welded samples [(46.85 +/- 0.76) MPa] and the controls [(41.71 +/- 0.55) MPa] (P > 0.05). The SEM displayed the interface presented similar irregularities with a predominance. The titanium diffused to low-fusing porcelain, while silicon and aluminum diffused to titanium basement. Laser welding does not affect low-fusing porcelain fused to pure titanium.

  20. Investigations in Pure Mathematics: A Constructivist Perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hirst, Keith; Shiu, Christine

    1995-01-01

    Discusses an investigative, constructivist approach in the context of undergraduate mathematics, with particular reference to pure mathematics, general aims and objectives, assessment strategies, and problems of supervision that affect tutors and lecturers using this approach. Gives students' views on their experiences in this mode of working. (19…

  1. Pure Neutron Matter Constraints and Nuclear Symmetry Energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fattoyev, F J; Newton, W G; Xu, Jun; Li, Bao-An

    2013-01-01

    In this review, we will discuss the results of our recent work [1] to study the general optimization of the pure isovector parameters of the popular relativistic mean-field (RMF) and Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (SHF) nuclear energy-density functionals (EDFs), using constraints on the pure neutron matter (PNM) equation of state (EoS) from recent ab initio calculations. By using RMF and SHF parameterizations that give equivalent predictions for ground-state properties of doubly magic nuclei and properties of symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) and PNM, we found that such optimization leads to broadly consistent symmetry energy J and its slope parameter L at saturation density within a tight range of α(J) sym , (b) the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities, and (c) the radius of neutron stars.

  2. Analysis of pure and malachite green doped polysulfone sample using FT-IR technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nayak, Rashmi J.; Khare, P. K.; Nayak, J. G.

    2018-05-01

    The sample of pure and malachite green doped Polysulfone in the form of foil was prepared by isothermal immersion technique. For the preparation of pure sample 4 gm of Polysulfone was dissolved in 50 ml of Dimethyl farmamide (DMF) solvent, while for the preparation of doped sample 10 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg Malachite Green was mixed with 4 gm of Polysulfone respectively. For the study of structural characterization of these pure and doped sample, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique was used. This study shows that the intensity of transmittance decreases as the ratio of doping increases in pure polysulfone. The reduction in intensity of transmittance is clearly apparent in the present case more over the bands were broader which indicates towards charge transfer interaction between the donar and acceptor molecule.

  3. Relation between catalyst-assisted transformation and multiple-copy transformation for bipartite pure states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng Yuan; Duan Runyao; Ying Mingsheng

    2006-01-01

    We show that in some cases, catalyst-assisted entanglement transformation cannot be implemented by multiple-copy transformation for pure states. This fact, together with the result we obtained in R. Y. Duan, Y. Feng, X. Li, and M. S. Ying, Phys. Rev. A 71, 042319 (2005), namely that the latter can be completely implemented by the former, indicates that catalyst-assisted transformation is strictly more powerful than multiple-copy transformation. For the purely probabilistic setting we find, however, these two kinds of transformations are geometrically equivalent in the sense that the sets of pure states that can be converted into a given pure state with maximal probabilities not less than a given value have the same closure, regardless of whether catalyst-assisted transformation or multiple-copy transformation is used

  4. Probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary pure state of two atoms

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Yang Zhen-Biao; Wu Huai-Zhi; Su Wan-Jun

    2007-01-01

    In the context of microwave cavity QED, this paper proposes a new scheme for teleportation of an arbitrary pure state of two atoms. The scheme is very different from the previous ones which achieve the integrated state measurement,it deals in a probabilistic but simplified way. In the scheme, no additional atoms are involved and thus only two atoms are required to be detected. The scheme can also be used for the teleportation of arbitrary pure states of many atoms or two-mode cavities.

  5. Generalized Gödel universes in higher dimensions and pure Lovelock gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadhich, Naresh; Molina, Alfred; Pons, Josep M.

    2017-10-01

    The Gödel universe is a homogeneous rotating dust with negative Λ which is a direct product of a three-dimensional pure rotation metric with a line. We would generalize it to higher dimensions for Einstein and pure Lovelock gravity with only one N th-order term. For higher-dimensional generalization, we have to include more rotations in the metric, and hence we shall begin with the corresponding pure rotation odd (d =2 n +1 )-dimensional metric involving n rotations, which eventually can be extended by a direct product with a line or a space of constant curvature for yielding a higher-dimensional Gödel universe. The considerations of n rotations and also of constant curvature spaces is a new line of generalization and is being considered for the first time.

  6. Computer Solution to the Game of Pure Strategy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurent Bartholdi

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available We numerically solve the classical "Game of Pure Strategy" using linear programming. We notice an intricate even-odd behaviour in the results of our computations that seems to encourage odd or maximal bids.

  7. Assessment of semen quality in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Umesh; Gawande, Ajay P.; Sahatpure, Sunil K.; Patil, Manoj S.; Lakde, Chetan K.; Bonde, Sachin W.; Borkar, Pradnyankur L.; Poharkar, Ajay J.; Ramteke, Baldeo R.

    2015-01-01

    Aim: To compare the seminal attributes of neat, pre-freeze (at equilibration), and post-freeze (24 h after freezing) semen in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls. Materials and Methods: Total 36 ejaculates (3 ejaculates from each bull) were collected from 6 pure Jersey and 6 crossbred Jersey bulls and evaluated for various seminal attributes during neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen. Results: The mean (±standard error [SE]) values of neat semen characteristics in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls were recorded such as volume (ml), color, consistency, mass activity (scale: 0-5), and sperm concentration (millions/ml). The extended semen was further investigated at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages and the mean (±SE) values recorded at neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen were compared between pure and crossbred Jersey bulls; sperm motility (80.55±1.70%, 62.77±1.35%, 46.11±1.43% vs. 80.00±1.80%, 65.00±1.66%, 47.22±1.08%), live sperm count (83.63±1.08%, 71.72±1.09%, 58.67±1.02% vs. 80.00±1.08%, 67.91±1.20%, 51.63±0.97%), total abnormal sperm count (8.38±0.32%, 12.30±0.39%, 16.75±0.42% vs. 9.00±0.45%, 12.19±0.48%, 18.11±0.64%), hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) reacted spermatozoa (71.88±0.77%, 62.05±0.80%, 47.27±1.05% vs. 72.77±1.02%, 62.11±0.89%, 45.94±1.33%), acrosome integrity (89.05±0.83%, 81.33±0.71%, 71.94±0.86% vs. 86.55±0.57%, 78.66±0.42%, 69.38±0.53%), and DNA integrity (99.88±0.07%, 100, 99.66±0.11% vs. 99.94±0.05%, 100, 99.44±0.18%,). The volume, color, consistency, sperm concentration, and initial motility in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The mass activity was significantly (p0.05) was observed in abnormal sperm; HOS reacted spermatozoa and DNA integrity percentage among breeds. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the quality of pure Jersey bull semen was comparatively better than the crossbred Jersey bulls. PMID:27047028

  8. Acceptability of Musa Balbisiana (Saba Banana Puree in Two Treatments in Making Ice Cream

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario A. De Castro Jr.

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Musa Balbisiana or Saba is a variety of banana fruit that is nutritious and readily available in the market the whole year round. This experimental study aimed to determine the acceptability of the ice cream made from Saba banana puree in two treatments (treatment 1- cooked puree and treatment 2- uncooked puree. Data gathered were described and analyzed using a special Analysis of Variance. The sensory characteristics of the ice cream in two treatments were compared with one another based on the 9-point hedonic scale utilized by trained panelist in the education sector in secondary, tertiary and graduate school level that specialized in food related discipline such as Food Technology, Food Service Management, Technology and Livelihood Education- Food Trades and Hotel and Restaurant Management. Results indicated that in treatment 1( cooked puree the taste and texture of the ice cream were liked extremely however its color was rated liked very much, while in treatment 2 (uncooked puree the texture and color were rated liked moderately while its taste was rated liked very much. A comparison of the sensory characteristics between the two treatments revealed that there is a significant difference in terms of taste, texture and color and overall acceptability of the Saba banana ice cream. It is then recommended that in preparing Saba banana puree using treatment 1 (cooking method, the fruit should be subjected in numerous sieving process using a fine mesh siever or sifter to produce good quality puree texture.

  9. Do all pure entangled states violate Bell's inequalities for correlation functions?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zukowski, Marek; Brukner, Caslav; Laskowski, Wiesław; Wieśniak, Marcin

    2002-05-27

    Any pure entangled state of two particles violates a Bell inequality for two-particle correlation functions (Gisin's theorem). We show that there exist pure entangled N>2 qubit states that do not violate any Bell inequality for N particle correlation functions for experiments involving two dichotomic observables per local measuring station. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description.

  10. 76 FR 69284 - Pure Magnesium From China

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-08

    ... China Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year review, the United... China would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to an industry in the...), entitled Pure Magnesium from China: Investigation No. 731-TA-696 (Third Review). Issued: November 2, 2011...

  11. Development and evaluation of 'Pure Rush': An online serious game for drug education.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stapinski, Lexine A; Reda, Bill; Newton, Nicola C; Lawler, Siobhan; Rodriguez, Daniel; Chapman, Catherine; Teesson, Maree

    2018-04-01

    Learning is most effective when it is active, enjoyable and incorporates feedback. Past research demonstrates that serious games are prime candidates to utilise these principles, however the potential benefits of this approach for delivering drug education are yet to be examined in Australia, a country where drug education in schools is mandatory. The serious game 'Pure Rush' was developed across three stages. First, formative consultation was conducted with 115 students (67% male, aged 15-17 years), followed by feasibility and acceptability testing of a prototype of the game (n = 25, 68% male). In the final stage, 281 students (62% female, aged 13-16 years) were randomly allocated to receive a lesson involving Pure Rush or an active control lesson. The lessons were compared in terms of learning outcomes, lesson engagement and future intentions to use illicit drugs. Students enjoyed playing Pure Rush, found the game age-appropriate and the information useful to them. Both the Pure Rush and the active control were associated with significant knowledge increase from pre to post-test. Among females, multi-level mixed-effects regression showed knowledge gain was greater in the Pure Rush condition compared to control (β = 2.36, 95% confidence interval 0.36-4.38). There was no evidence of between condition differences in lesson engagement or future intentions to use illicit drugs. Pure Rush is an innovative online drug education game that is well received by students and feasible to implement in schools. [Stapinski LA, Reda B, Newton NC, Lawler S, Rodriguez D, Chapman C, Teesson M. Development and evaluation of 'Pure Rush': An online serious game for drug education. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017]. © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

  12. Controlled Remote State Preparation via General Pure Three-Qubit State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuebo Zha

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available The protocols for controlled remote state preparation of a single qubit and a general two-qubit state are presented in this paper. The general pure three-qubit states are chosen as shared quantum channel, which are not Local operations and classical communication (LOCC equivalent to the mostly used GHz state. This is the first time that general pure three-qubit states have been introduced to complete remote state preparation. The probability of successful preparation is presented. Moreover, in some special cases, the successful probability could reach a unit value.

  13. Anodic polarization behavior of pure copper in carbonate solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawasaki, Manabu; Taniguchi, Naoki; Naitou, Morimasa

    2008-03-01

    Copper is one of the candidate materials for overpacks. The redox condition at the early stage of the post closure will be oxidizing. In order to understand the influence of environmental factors on the corrosion behavior of copper in such oxidizing environment, anodic polarization tests were performed in carbonate aqueous solution with varying the concentration of representative chemical species in groundwater. As the results of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests, anodic polarization behavior of pure copper was summarized as follows; Carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion promoted the passivation of pure copper, and suppressed the initiation of film breakdown. Chloride ion promoted both the active dissolution and initiation of film breakdown of pure copper. The influence of sulfate ion and pH was small, but the action of sulfate ion to the pure copper was similar to that of chloride ion, and the increase of pH was likely to promote the passivation and suppress the initiation of film breakdown. The film breakdown potential, Eb, was represented as a function of the ratio of aggressive ion and inhibiting ion such as [Cl - ]/[HCO 3 - ], [SO 4 2- ]/[HCO 3 - ]. When the ratio exceeds a certain value, the anodic polarization curve becomes active dissolution type so that no macroscopic film breakdown can not be occurred. The lower limit of Eb in passive type region was estimated to be about -200 mV vs. SCE. As the results of potentio static tests, the corrosion form near the Eb was uniform dissolution over the surface, but pitting corrosion and non-uniform corrosion occurred according to the condition of the test solution. Neither pitting corrosion nor non-uniform corrosion occurred at the potential below Eb in every test cases. (author)

  14. Modeling pure culture heterotrophic production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mozumder, Md Salatul Islam; Goormachtigh, Laurens; Garcia-Gonzalez, Linsey; De Wever, Heleen; Volcke, Eveline I P

    2014-03-01

    In this contribution a mechanistic model describing the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) through pure-culture fermentation was developed, calibrated and validated for two different substrates, namely glucose and waste glycerol. In both cases, non-growth-associated PHB production was triggered by applying nitrogen limitation. The occurrence of some growth-associated PHB production besides non-growth-associated PHB production was demonstrated, although it is inhibited in the presence of nitrogen. Other phenomena observed experimentally and described by the model included biomass growth on PHB and non-linear product inhibition of PHB production. The accumulated impurities from the waste substrate negatively affected the obtained maximum PHB content. Overall, the developed mathematical model provided an accurate prediction of the dynamic behavior of heterotrophic biomass growth and PHB production in a two-phase pure culture system. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Split-Hopkinson pressure bar tests on pure tantalum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dick, Richard D.; Armstrong, Ronald W.; Williams, John D.

    1998-01-01

    Pure tantalum (Ta) was loaded in compression by a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to strain rates from 450 to 6350 s -1 . The results are compared with SHPB data for commercial Ta and with predictions from the constitutive model for Ta developed by Zerilli and Armstrong (Z-A). The main conclusions are: (1) the flow stress versus log strain rate agree with the Z-A constitutive model and other reported data, (2) uniform strain exponents computed on a true stress-strain basis for pure Ta are somewhat greater than those determined from SHPB data for commercial Ta, and (3) in both cases the uniform strain exponents versus log strain rate are in good agreement with predictions from the Z-A constitutive model for strain rates above 1500 s -1 without a clear indication of dislocation generation

  16. Improving quality of an innovative pea puree by high hydrostatic pressure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klug, Tâmmila Venzke; Martínez-Sánchez, Ascensión; Gómez, Perla A; Collado, Elena; Aguayo, Encarna; Artés, Francisco; Artés-Hernández, Francisco

    2017-10-01

    The food industry is continuously innovating to fulfill consumer demand for new, healthy, ready-to-eat products. Pea purees could satisfy this trend by increasing the intake of legumes, which are an important source of nutrients. Moreover, sensorial properties like viscosity could be improved by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). In this study the effect of a boiling treatment (10 min) followed by HHP at 550 kPa (0, 5 or 10 min) on the rheological properties, associated with enzymatic activity and particle size, as well as on the microbial and sensory quality of a pea-based puree stored for 36 days at 5 °C, has been assessed. The particle size of pea puree decreased after all processing treatments, but increased during storage in HHP-treated samples. Conversely, boiling treatment showed an increase in polygalacturonase activity at the end of the storage period, with a decrease in particle size, viscosity and stability. However, 5 min of 550 kPa HHP showed the highest mean particle size, mean surface diameter and viscosity regarding the remaining treatments. The microbial load remained low during storage. HHP treatment can be used by the food industry to improve the rheological properties, viscosity and stability of pea purees. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  17. Tuning the magnetic properties of pure hafnium by high pressure torsion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cepeda-Jiménez, C.M.; Beltrán, J.I.; Hernando, A.; García, M.A.; Ynduráin, F.; Zhilyaev, A.; Pérez-Prado, M.T.

    2017-01-01

    This work demonstrates that room temperature (RT) ferromagnetism might be triggered in pure hafnium (Hf), a classic paramagnet, by severe plastic deformation (SPD) via high pressure torsion (HPT). The origin of this phenomenon is elucidated by a combined approach including density functional theory (DFT) calculations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, it is shown that the elastic lattice distorsions induced in pure Hf as a consequence of grain refinement down to the nanocrystalline regime by HPT lead to the development of a new monoclinic crystalline structure that exhibits a spontaneous magnetization at RT. DFT calculations are utilized to prove that local stretching of the original pure Hf hexagonal close packed (hcp) lattice along specific pyramidal directions, due to the presence of internal stresses in the deformed nanostructure, may give rise to the emergence of the monoclinic phase, which is endowed with a net magnetic moment. An excellent agreement is found between DFT calculations and experimental TEM observations, which provide a first evidence of the presence of the pure Hf monoclinic crystal lattice. This work shows that SPD may constitute a viable, yet widely unexplored, strategy to tune the magnetic properties and, in particular, to induce RT ferromagnetism in bulk non-magnetic metals.

  18. Analysis of corneal topography in patients with pure microphthalmia in Eastern China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Pei-Hong; Gao, Gui-Ping; Yu, Yao; Pei, Chong-Gang; Zhou, Qiong; Huang, Xin; Zhang, Ying; Shao, Yi

    2015-12-01

    To determine the typical corneal changes in pure microphthalmia using a corneal topography system and identify characteristics that may assist in early diagnosis. Patients with pure microphthalmia and healthy control subjects underwent corneal topography analysis (Orbscan IIZ® Corneal Topography System; Bausch and Lomb, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) to determine degree of corneal astigmatism (mean A), simulation of corneal astigmatism (sim A), mean keratometry (mean K), simulated keratometry (sim K), irregularities in the 3 - and 5-mm zone, and mean thickness of nine distinct corneal regions. Patients with pure microphthalmia (n = 12) had significantly higher mean K, sim K, mean A, sim A, 3.0 mm irregularity and 5.0 mm irregularity, and exhibited significantly more false keratoconus than controls (n = 12). There was a significant between-group difference in the morphology of the anterior corneal surface and the central curvature of the cornea. Changes in corneal morphology observed in this study could be useful in borderline situations to confirm the diagnosis of pure microphthalmia. © The Author(s) 2015.

  19. Purely geometric path integral for spin-foams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shirazi, Atousa Chaharsough; Engle, Jonathan

    2014-01-01

    Spin-foams are a proposal for defining the dynamics of loop quantum gravity via path integral. In order for a path integral to be at least formally equivalent to the corresponding canonical quantization, at each point in the space of histories it is important that the integrand have not only the correct phase—a topic of recent focus in spin-foams—but also the correct modulus, usually referred to as the measure factor. The correct measure factor descends from the Liouville measure on the reduced phase space, and its calculation is a task of canonical analysis. The covariant formulation of gravity from which spin-foams are derived is the Plebanski–Holst formulation, in which the basic variables are a Lorentz connection and a Lorentz-algebra valued 2-form, called the Plebanski 2-form. However, in the final spin-foam sum, one usually sums over only spins and intertwiners, which label eigenstates of the Plebanski 2-form alone. The spin-foam sum is therefore a discretized version of a Plebanski–Holst path integral in which only the Plebanski 2-form appears, and in which the connection degrees of freedom have been integrated out. We call this a purely geometric Plebanski–Holst path integral. In prior work in which one of the authors was involved, the measure factor for the Plebanski–Holst path integral with both connection and 2-form variables was calculated. Before one discretizes this measure and incorporates it into a spin-foam sum, however, one must integrate out the connection in order to obtain the purely geometric version of the path integral. To calculate this purely geometric path integral is the principal task of the present paper, and it is done in two independent ways. Background independence of the resulting path integral is discussed in the final section, and gauge-fixing is discussed in appendix B. (paper)

  20. Quantum entanglement as an aspect of pure spinor geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiosses, V

    2014-01-01

    Relying on the mathematical analogy of the pure states of a two-qubit system with four-component Dirac spinors, we provide an alternative consideration of quantum entanglement using the mathematical formulation of Cartan's pure spinors. A result of our analysis is that the Cartan equation of a two-qubit state is entanglement sensitive in the same way that the Dirac equation for fermions is mass sensitive. The Cartan equation for unentangled qubits is reduced to a pair of Cartan equations for single qubits as the Dirac equation for massless fermions separates into two Weyl equations. Finally, we establish a correspondence between the separability condition in qubit geometry and the separability condition in spinor geometry. (paper)

  1. Effect of microcrystallization on pitting corrosion of pure aluminium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meng Guozhe; Wei Liyan; Zhang Tao; Shao Yawei; Wang Fuhui; Dong Chaofang; Li Xiaogang

    2009-01-01

    A microcrystalline aluminium film with grain size of about 400 nm was prepared by magnetron sputtering technique. Its corrosion behaviour was investigated in NaCl containing acidic solution by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical noise (EN). The polarization results indicated that the corrosion potential of the sample shifted towards more positive direction, while its corrosion current density decreased compared with that of pure coarse-grain Al. The EN analysis based on stochastic model demonstrated that there existed two kinds of effect of microcrystallization on the pitting behaviour of pure aluminium: (1) the rate of pit initiation is accelerated, (2) the pit growth process was impeded. This leads to the enhancement of pitting resistance for the microcrystallized aluminium.

  2. Biocorrosion properties and blood and cell compatibility of pure iron as a biodegradable biomaterial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Erlin; Chen, Haiyan; Shen, Feng

    2010-07-01

    Biocorrosion properties and blood- and cell compatibility of pure iron were studied in comparison with 316L stainless steel and Mg-Mn-Zn magnesium alloy to reveal the possibility of pure iron as a biodegradable biomaterial. Both electrochemical and weight loss tests showed that pure iron showed a relatively high corrosion rate at the first several days and then decreased to a low level during the following immersion due to the formation of phosphates on the surface. However, the corrosion of pure iron did not cause significant increase in pH value to the solution. In comparison with 316L and Mg-Mn-Zn alloy, the pure iron exhibited biodegradable property in a moderate corrosion rate. Pure iron possessed similar dynamic blood clotting time, prothrombin time and plasma recalcification time to 316L and Mg-Mn-Zn alloy, but a lower hemolysis ratio and a significant lower number density of adhered platelets. MTT results revealed that the extract except the one with 25% 24 h extract actually displayed toxicity to cells and the toxicity increased with the increasing of the iron ion concentration and the incubation time. It was thought there should be an iron ion concentration threshold in the effect of iron ion on the cell toxicity.

  3. Pure subrings of the rings Zχ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsarev, Andrei V

    2009-01-01

    Pure subrings of finite rank in the Z-adic completion of the ring of integers and in its homomorphic images are considered. Certain properties of these rings are studied (existence of an identity element, decomposability into a direct sum of essentially indecomposable ideals, condition for embeddability into a csp-ring, etc.). Additive groups of these rings and conditions under which these rings are subrings of algebraic number fields are described. Bibliography: 12 titles.

  4. Yttrium implantation effects on extra low carbon steel and pure iron

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Caudron, E.; Buscail, H. [Clermont-Ferrand-2 Univ., Le Puy en Velay (France). Lab. Vellave d`Elaboration; Jacob, Y.P.; Stroosnijder, M.F. [Institute for Advanced Materials, Joint Research Center, The European Commission, 21020, Ispra (Vatican City State, Holy See) (Italy); Josse-Courty, C. [Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Reactivite des Solides, UMR 56-13 CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 9 Avenue A. Savary, B.P. 400, 21011, Dijon Cedex (France)

    1999-05-25

    Extra low carbon steel and pure electrolytic iron samples were yttrium implanted using ion implantation technique. Compositions and structures of pure iron and steel samples were investigated before and after yttrium implantation by several analytical and structural techniques (RBS, SIMS, RHEED and XRD) to observe the yttrium implantation depth profiles in the samples. This paper shows the different effects of yttrium implantations (compositions and structures) according to the implanted sample nature. (orig.) 23 refs.

  5. Particularidades estructurales y determinación del stress principal a partir de la información de un perfil en la parte oriental de la Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dámaso Cáceres-Govea

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available A partir de las descripciones de afloramientos y mediciones estructurales de estructuras disyuntivas y plicativas, con la utilización de sistemas que permiten el procesamiento de la información, se llega a resultados que sirven de base para el análisis y determinación de la posible orientación del stress principal σ1 en el momento en que ocurrieron los movimientos tectónicos que afectaron el corte en el occidente de Cuba. Se reporta y explica la presencia y posición de restos de hidrocarburos en vetas y grietas en las secuencias carbonatadas del corte en la porción más oriental de la Sierra.

  6. Magnetization oscillations and waves driven by pure spin currents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Demidov, V.E. [Institute for Applied Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 2-4, 48149 Muenster (Germany); Urazhdin, S. [Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 (United States); Loubens, G. de [SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Klein, O. [INAC-SPINTEC, CEA/CNRS and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France); Cros, V.; Anane, A. [Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau (France); Demokritov, S.O., E-mail: demokrit@uni-muenster.de [Institute for Applied Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 2-4, 48149 Muenster (Germany); Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Division of RAS, Yekaterinburg 620041 (Russian Federation)

    2017-02-23

    Recent advances in the studies of pure spin currents–flows of angular momentum (spin) not accompanied by the electric currents–have opened new horizons for the emerging technologies based on the electron’s spin degree of freedom, such as spintronics and magnonics. The main advantage of pure spin current, as compared to the spin-polarized electric current, is the possibility to exert spin transfer torque on the magnetization in thin magnetic films without the electrical current flow through the material. In addition to minimizing Joule heating and electromigration effects, this enables the implementation of spin torque devices based on the low-loss insulating magnetic materials, and offers an unprecedented geometric flexibility. Here we review the recent experimental achievements in investigations of magnetization oscillations excited by pure spin currents in different nanomagnetic systems based on metallic and insulating magnetic materials. We discuss the spectral properties of spin-current nano-oscillators, and relate them to the spatial characteristics of the excited dynamic magnetic modes determined by the spatially-resolved measurements. We also show that these systems support locking of the oscillations to external microwave signals, as well as their mutual synchronization, and can be used as efficient nanoscale sources of propagating spin waves.

  7. Pure water syndrome: Bacteriological quality of Sachet- packed ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Pure water syndrome: Bacteriological quality of Sachet- packed drinking water ... of fecal contamination and inadequate water treatment or no treatment at all. ... of hygiene criteria were present in the range of 98 and 106 cfu/100ml of water ...

  8. Changes in carotenoids during processing and storage of pumpkin puree.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Provesi, João Gustavo; Dias, Carolinne Odebrecht; Amante, Edna Regina

    2011-09-01

    Changes in the contents of carotenoids and their true retentions (% TR) during the production of puree of Cucurbita moschata 'Menina Brasileira' and of Cucurbita maxima 'Exposição' pumpkins and the stability of such compounds during 180days of storage were monitored by liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. Cooking caused higher losses than commercial sterilisation. High losses of xanthophylls such as lutein and violaxanthin were noted during processing and storage of pumpkin puree. Such losses show the low stability of these compounds. The major carotenoids, pro-vitamin A carotenes, namely, α-carotene and all-trans-β-carotene for C. moschata 'Menina Brasileira' and all-trans-β-carotene for C. maxima 'Exposição' obtained high retentions (>75%) after processing. A slight degree of isomerisation of β-carotene was noted in the puree samples, but with low concentrations of cis-isomers. Storage for 180days did not significantly affect (P⩽0.05) the concentrations of these carotenoids. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Determinación de elementos minoritarios, traza y ultratraza en biopsias procedentes de pacientes con diferentes patologías tumorales mediante ETAAS, ICP-OES e ICP-MS utilizando extracción asistida por ultrasonidos y multigestión de bajo volumen

    OpenAIRE

    Millos Alfeiran, Jorge

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es la determinación de metales minoritarios, traza y ultratraza en tejidos tumorales humanos mediante el desarrollo de metodologías analíticas adecuadas y robustas que permitan obtener resultados precisos y exactos, de manera que puedan ser aplicadas al análisis de rutina. En este sentido, se ha buscado la solución óptima a cada uno de los problemas planteados. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo se han evaluado la extracción ácida asistida por ult...

  10. Semantic stability is more pleasurable in unstable episodic contexts. On the relevance of perceptual challenge in art appreciation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia eMuth

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Research in the field of psychological aesthetics points to the appeal of stimuli which defy easy recognition by being semantically unstable but which still allow for creating meaning—in the ongoing process of elaborative perception or as an end product of the entire process. Such effects were reported for hidden images (Muth & Carbon, 2013 as well as Cubist artworks concealing detectable—although fragmented—objects (Muth, Pepperell, & Carbon, 2013. To test the stability of the relationship between semantic determinacy and appreciation across different episodic contexts, 30 volunteers evaluated an artistic movie continuously on visual determinacy or liking via the Continuous Evaluation Procedure (CEP, Muth, Raab, & Carbon, 2015. The movie consisted of five episodes with emerging Gestalts. In the first between-participants condition, the hidden Gestalts in the movie episodes were of increasing determinacy, in the second condition, the episodes showed decreasing determinacies of hidden Gestalts. In the increasing-determinacy group, visual determinacy was rated higher and showed better predictive quality for liking than in the decreasing-determinacy group. Furthermore, when the movie started with low visual determinacy of hidden Gestalts, unexpectedly strong increases in visual determinacy had a bigger effect on liking than in the condition which allowed for weaker Gestalt recognition after having started with highly determinate Gestalts. The resulting pattern calls for consideration of the episodic context when examining art appreciation.

  11. Investigation on the Enhanced Oxidation of Ferritic/Martensitic Steel P92 in Pure Steam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juntao Yuan

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Oxidation of ferritic/martensitic steel P92 was investigated in pure oxygen and in pure steam at 600–800 °C by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, optical microscopy (OM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD. The results showed that the oxidation of P92 was significantly enhanced and multilayer scale with an outer iron oxides layer formed in pure steam. At 700 °C, the gas switch markedly influenced the scaling kinetics and scale microstructure. It was supposed that the higher affinity of iron to steam would be attributed to the enhanced oxidation of P92 in pure steam, and the much easier transport of hydroxyl would account for the significant difference induced by gas switch.

  12. Deformation and recrystallization textures in commercially pure aluminum

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Niels; Juul Jensen, Dorte

    1986-01-01

    The deformation and recrystallization textures of commercially pure aluminum (99.6 pct) containing large intermetallic particles (FeAl3) are measured by neutron diffraction, and the orientation distribution functions (ODF’s) are calculated. Sample parameters are the initial grain size (50 and 350...

  13. Covariant map between Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz and pure spinor formalisms for the superstring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berkovits, Nathan

    2014-01-01

    A covariant map between the Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz (RNS) and pure spinor formalisms for the superstring is found which transforms the RNS and pure spinor BRST operators into each other. The key ingredient is a dynamical twisting of the ten spin-half RNS fermions into five spin-one and five spin-zero fermions using bosonic pure spinors that parameterize an SO(10)/U(5) coset. The map relates massless vertex operators in the two formalisms, and gives a new description of Ramond states which does not require spin fields. An argument is proposed for relating the amplitude prescriptions in the two formalisms

  14. Quadratic Plus Linear Operators which Preserve Pure States of Quantum Systems: Small Dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saburov, Mansoor

    2014-01-01

    A mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics says that a pure state of a quantum system corresponds to a vector of norm 1 and an observable is a self-adjoint operator on the space of states. It is of interest to describe all linear or nonlinear operators which preserve the pure states of the system. In the linear case, it is nothing more than isometries of Hilbert spaces. In the nonlinear case, this problem was open. In this paper, in the small dimensional spaces, we shall describe all quadratic plus linear operators which preserve pure states of the quantum system

  15. Accelerated Generation of Selfed Pure Line Plants for Gene Identification and Crop Breeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guijun Yan

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Production of pure lines is an important step in biological studies and breeding of many crop plants. The major types of pure lines for biological studies and breeding include doubled haploid (DH lines, recombinant inbred lines (RILs, and near isogenic lines (NILs. DH lines can be produced through microspore and megaspore culture followed by chromosome doubling while RILs and NILs can be produced through introgressions or repeated selfing of hybrids. DH approach was developed as a quicker method than conventional method to produce pure lines. However, its drawbacks of genotype-dependency and only a single chance of recombination limited its wider application. A recently developed fast generation cycling system (FGCS achieved similar times to those of DH for the production of selfed pure lines but is more versatile as it is much less genotype-dependent than DH technology and does not restrict recombination to a single event. The advantages and disadvantages of the technologies and their produced pure line populations for different purposes of biological research and breeding are discussed. The development of a concept of complete in vitro meiosis and mitosis system is also proposed. This could integrate with the recently developed technologies of single cell genomic sequencing and genome wide selection, leading to a complete laboratory based pre-breeding scheme.

  16. Strength tests of thin-walled elliptic duralumin cylinders in pure bending and in combined pure bending and torsion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lundquist, Eugene E; Stowell, Elbridge Z

    1942-01-01

    An analysis is presented of the results of tests made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics on an investigation of the strength of thin-walled circular and elliptic cylinders in pure bending and in combined torsion and bending. In each of the loading conditions, the bending moments were applied in the plane of the major axis of the ellipse.

  17. On Pure and (approximate) Strong Equilibria of Facility Location Games

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Thomas Dueholm; Telelis, Orestis A.

    2008-01-01

    We study social cost losses in Facility Location games, where n selfish agents install facilities over a network and connect to them, so as to forward their local demand (expressed by a non-negative weight per agent). Agents using the same facility share fairly its installation cost, but every...... agent pays individually a (weighted) connection cost to the chosen location. We study the Price of Stability (PoS) of pure Nash equilibria and the Price of Anarchy of strong equilibria (SPoA), that generalize pure equilibria by being resilient to coalitional deviations. For unweighted agents on metric...

  18. Production of Purely Gravitational Dark Matter

    OpenAIRE

    Ema, Yohei; Nakayama, Kazunori; Tang, Yong

    2018-01-01

    In the purely gravitational dark matter scenario, the dark matter particle does not have any interaction except for gravitational one. We study the gravitational particle production of dark matter particle in such a minimal setup and show that correct amount of dark matter can be produced depending on the inflation model and the dark matter mass. In particular, we carefully evaluate the particle production rate from the transition epoch to the inflaton oscillation epoch in a realistic inflati...

  19. Preparation of pure phenols from tars

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meyer, J

    1933-02-07

    A process is disclosed for the preparation of pure phenols from brown coal tar, shale tar, or primary tar, characterized in that the raw oil obtained from the tar is carefully fractionated, in a suitable way without or with a slight pressure decrease, or before the fractionation the raw oil is heated to free the prepared phenolate solution from impurities after successful oxidation by passing in steam at a temperature between 100 and 120/sup 0/C.

  20. Interconversion of pure Gaussian states requiring non-Gaussian operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jabbour, Michael G.; García-Patrón, Raúl; Cerf, Nicolas J.

    2015-01-01

    We analyze the conditions under which local operations and classical communication enable entanglement transformations between bipartite pure Gaussian states. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions had been found [G. Giedke et al., Quant. Inf. Comput. 3, 211 (2003)] for the interconversion between such states that is restricted to Gaussian local operations and classical communication. Here, we exploit majorization theory in order to derive more general (sufficient) conditions for the interconversion between bipartite pure Gaussian states that goes beyond Gaussian local operations. While our technique is applicable to an arbitrary number of modes for each party, it allows us to exhibit surprisingly simple examples of 2 ×2 Gaussian states that necessarily require non-Gaussian local operations to be transformed into each other.

  1. Determinación de atrazina y algunos de sus productos de degradación en suelos y agua por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Israel Olarte

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se describe la validación de un método analítico para la determinación simultánea de atrazina (AT y sus metabolitos deetilatrazina (DEA y deisopropilatrazina (DÍA en agua de irrigación y suelo de uso agrícola. Las muestras de campo fueron tomadas de un ensayo realizado en el municipio de Saldaña, Tolima (Colombia, en una parcela de 330 m2 cultivada comercialmente con maíz, a la cual se le aplicó atrazina en una dosis de 2,9 kg. i.a/ha. Estas muestras fueron recolectadas durante un tiempo de 90 días después de la aplicación del herbicida.

  2. Thermoluminescence and recovery processes in pure and doped NaCl after 20 K irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez, F.J.; Aguilar, M.; Jaque, F.; Agullo-Lopez, F.

    1980-01-01

    The thermoluminescence (TL) spectra after X-ray irradiation at 20 K have been investigated for pure as well as divalent cation doped NaCl. The F-centre decay has also been determined in pure and Ca and Mg doped NaCl for comparison purposes. A clear decrease in F-centre concentration appears to correlate with glow peaks at 44 and 50 K for pure and Ca-doped samples. Main glow peak appearing at 69 K is not associated to any appreciable F-centre decay step. Below liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) all peaks show both σ and π exciton emission bands. Above LNT, the glow peaks for doped samples show the σ emission together with another band at 410 nm, whereas pure samples still present the intrinsic emission bands. (author)

  3. Energetics and optical properties of 6-dimensional rotating black hole in pure Gauss-Bonnet gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon; Ahmedov, Bobomurat; Atamurotov, Farruh; Dadhich, Naresh; Stuchlik, Zdenek

    2015-01-01

    We study physical processes around a rotating black hole in pure Gauss-Bonnet (GB) gravity. In pure GB gravity, the gravitational potential has a slower fall-off as compared to the corresponding Einstein potential in the same dimension. It is therefore expected that the energetics of a pure GB black hole would be weaker, and our analysis bears out that the efficiency of energy extraction by the Penroseprocess is increased to 25.8 % and the particle acceleration is increased to 55.28 %; the optical shadow of the black hole is decreased. These are in principle distinguishing observable features of a pure GB black hole. (orig.)

  4. Pasteurization of strawberry puree using a pilot plant pulsed electric fields (PEF) system

    Science.gov (United States)

    The processing of strawberry puree by pulsed electric fields (PEF) in a pilot plant system has never been evaluated. In addition, a method does not exist to validate the exact number and shape of the pulses applied during PEF processing. Both buffered peptone water (BPW) and fresh strawberry puree (...

  5. Corrosion and hydrogen absorption of commercially pure zirconium in acid fluoride solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yokoyama, Ken’ichi; Yamada, Daisuke; Sakai, Jun’ichi

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •Zirconium corrodes and absorbs hydrogen in acid fluoride solutions. •Hydrogen thermal desorption is observed at 300–700 °C. •The resistance to hydrogen absorption of zirconium is higher than that of titanium. -- Abstract: The corrosion and hydrogen absorption of commercially pure zirconium have been investigated in acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) solutions. Upon immersion in 2.0% APF solution of pH 5.0 at 25 °C, a granular corrosion product (Na 3 ZrF 7 ) deposits over the entire side surface of the specimen, thereby inhibiting further corrosion. In 0.2% APF solution, marked corrosion is observed from the early stage of immersion; no deposition of the corrosion product is observed by scanning electron microscopy. A substantial amount of hydrogen absorption is confirmed in both APF solutions by hydrogen thermal desorption analysis. The amount of absorbed hydrogen of the specimen immersed in the 2.0% APF solution is smaller than that in the 0.2% APF solution in the early stage of immersion. The hydrogen absorption behavior is not always consistent with the corrosion behavior. Hydrogen thermal desorption occurs in the temperature range of 300–700 °C for the specimen without the corrosion product. Under the same immersion conditions, the amount of absorbed hydrogen in commercially pure zirconium is smaller than that in commercially pure titanium as reported previously. The present results suggest that commercially pure zirconium, compared with commercially pure titanium, is highly resistant to hydrogen absorption, although corrosion occurs in fluoride solutions

  6. Reglamento (UE n.º 604/2013 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 26 de junio de 2013, por el que se establecen los criterios y mecanismos de determinación del Estado miembro responsable del examen de una solicitud de protección internacional presenta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso ORTEGA GIMÉNEZ

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Reglamento (UE n.º 604/2013 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 26 de junio de 2013, por el que se establecen los criterios y mecanismos de determinación del Estado miembro responsable del examen de una solicitud de protección internacional presentada en uno de los Estados miembros por un nacional de un tercer país o un apátrida [DOUE L 180, de 29-VI-2013

  7. Study of Trehalose Addition on Aroma Retention in Dehydrated Strawberry Puree

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Draženka Komes

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to improve the quality of dehydrated fruit products, the influence of the addition of two sugars (sucrose and trehalose on the retention of aroma components during dehydration of strawberry puree was investigated. Manual headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME, containing polydimethylsiloxane coated fibre (100 μm coupled with gas chromatography (GC-FID and GC-MS was used for the analysis of the aroma of strawberry puree dehydrated by using freeze drying and foam-mat drying. The analytes identified included esters, carbonyl compounds, terpenoids, several alcohols and acids. The results obtained in this study give further insight into the mechanisms concerning the application of trehalose as flavouring additive, due to its ability to retain and preserve the fruit volatiles responsible for the characteristic flavour of fresh fruits during dehydration processes. The best retention of aroma components in dehydrated strawberry puree was obtained by trehalose addition when combined with freeze drying.

  8. Metastable growth of pure wurtzite InGaAs microstructures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, Kar Wei; Ko, Wai Son; Lu, Fanglu; Chang-Hasnain, Connie J

    2014-08-13

    III-V compound semiconductors can exist in two major crystal phases, namely, zincblende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ). While ZB is thermodynamically favorable in conventional III-V epitaxy, the pure WZ phase can be stable in nanowires with diameters smaller than certain critical values. However, thin nanowires are more vulnerable to surface recombination, and this can ultimately limit their performances as practical devices. In this work, we study a metastable growth mechanism that can yield purely WZ-phased InGaAs microstructures on silicon. InGaAs nucleates as sharp nanoneedles and expand along both axial and radial directions simultaneously in a core-shell fashion. While the base can scale from tens of nanometers to over a micron, the tip can remain sharp over the entire growth. The sharpness maintains a high local surface-to-volume ratio, favoring hexagonal lattice to grow axially. These unique features lead to the formation of microsized pure WZ InGaAs structures on silicon. To verify that the WZ microstructures are truly metastable, we demonstrate, for the first time, the in situ transformation from WZ to the energy-favorable ZB phase inside a transmission electron microscope. This unconventional core-shell growth mechanism can potentially be applied to other III-V materials systems, enabling the effective utilization of the extraordinary properties of the metastable wurtzite crystals.

  9. Pure spin current manipulation in antiferromagnetically exchange coupled heterostructures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Avilés-Félix, L.; Butera, A.; González-Chávez, D. E.; Sommer, R. L.; Gómez, J. E.

    2018-03-01

    We present a model to describe the spin currents generated by ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet exchange coupled trilayer systems and heavy metal layers with strong spin-orbit coupling. By exploiting the magnitude of the exchange coupling (oscillatory RKKY-like coupling) and the spin-flop transition in the magnetization process, it has been possible to produce spin currents polarized in arbitrary directions. The spin-flop transition of the trilayer system originates pure spin currents whose polarization vector depends on the exchange field and the magnetization equilibrium angles. We also discuss a protocol to control the polarization sign of the pure spin current injected into the metallic layer by changing the initial conditions of magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers previously to the spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect experiments. The small differences in the ferromagnetic layers lead to a change in the magnetization vector rotation that permits the control of the sign of the induced voltage components due to the inverse spin Hall effect. Our results can lead to important advances in hybrid spintronic devices with new functionalities, particularly, the ability to control microscopic parameters such as the polarization direction and the sign of the pure spin current through the variation of macroscopic parameters, such as the external magnetic field or the thickness of the spacer in antiferromagnetic exchange coupled systems.

  10. Preparation of very pure active carbon

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sloot, H.A. van der; Hoede, D.; Zonderhuis, J.; Meijer, C.

    1980-02-01

    The preparation of very pure active carbon is described. Starting from polyvinylidene chloride active carbon is prepared by carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere, grinding, sieving and activation of the powder fraction with CO 2 at 950 0 to approximately 50% burn-off. The concentrations of trace and major elements are reduced to the ppb and ppm level, respectively. In the present set-up 100 g of carbon grains and approximately 50 g of active carbon powder can be produced weekly

  11. Pure spin current induced by adiabatic quantum pumping in zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souma, Satofumi; Ogawa, Matsuto

    2014-01-01

    We show theoretically that pure spin current can be generated in zigzag edged graphene nanoribbons through the adiabatic pumping by edge selective pumping potentials. The origin of such pure spin current is the spin splitting of the edge localized states, which are oppositely spin polarized at opposite edges. In the proposed device, each edge of the ribbon is covered by two independent time-periodic local gate potentials with a definite phase difference, inducing the edge spin polarized current. When the pumping phase difference is opposite in sign between two edges, the total charge currents is zero and the pure edge spin current is generated

  12. Estudio de los expedientes de determinación de contingencia en una dirección provincial del I.N.S.S.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Begoña Rodríguez Gallego

    Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio descriptivo de 248 expedientes de determinación de contingencia realizados en la Dirección Provincial del INSS entre diciembre de 2012 y septiembre de 2013. De dichos expedientes se recogieron nueve variables trasformando las no numéricas en valores numéricos: edad, sexo, entidad gestora responsable del pago de la prestación, causa alegada como causante de la baja laboral, contingencia final, tipo de empresa, régimen de seguridad social del trabajador, profesión y concordancia entre propuesta del Médico Evaluador y la resolución final. Encontramos que los sobresfuerzos/sobrecarga en el trabajo son la principal causa alegada como motivo de baja laboral (43,5%; la mayoría (90,3% de los expedientes tienen como entidad gestora responsable del pago a una Mutua; algo más de la mitad de los expedientes (57,7% terminan siendo considerados de contingencia común; y la discrepancia entre la conclusión del Inspector Médico en el informe médico y la decisión del Equipo de Valoración de Incapacidades es excepcional ocurriendo en sólo un 1,61% de los expedientes.

  13. Biosorpsi Tanaman Puring (Codiaeum variegatum Terhadap Emisi Timbal (Pb Pada Kendaraan Bermotor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nur Amalia P

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Enhancement the motorized vehicle number will be potential for air pollution in the big cities. One of the pollutant which is resulted from burning process fuel is timbale (Pb metal. Alternative effort that is used to decrease the higher timbale (Pb metal pollutantmaterial is with manner biosorption use puring plant (codiaeumvariegatum.The aim of this research is to know the puring plantability in absorbs Pb metal. The treatment methodis used to sprinkling plant and without sprinkling and than directly exposure to plant with period 3,6 and 9 days. The result of research  that puring leaves ability can absorb Pb concentration metal between (1 until 1,5 ppm or 0,304 mg/Kg at nine days of period exposure, it order can be considered as biosorption agent Pb metal pollution.

  14. Depth concentrations of deuterium ions implanted into some pure metals and alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Didyk, A.Yu.; Wisniewski, R.; Kitowski, K.; Wilczynska, T.; Hofman, A.; Kulikauskas, V.; Shiryaev, A.A.; Zubavichyus, Ya.V.

    2011-01-01

    Pure metals (Cu, Ti, Zr, V, Pd) and diluted Pd alloys (Pd-Ag, Pd-Pt, Pd-Ru, Pd-Rh) were implanted by 25-keV deuterium ions at fluences in the range (1.2-2.3) x 10 22 D + /m 2 . The post-treatment depth distributions of deuterium ions were measured 10 days and three months after the implantation by using Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) and Rutherford Backscattering (RBS). Comparison of the obtained results allowed us to make conclusions about relative stability of deuterium and hydrogen gases in pure metals and diluted Pd alloys. Very high diffusion rates of implanted deuterium ions from V and Pd pure metals and Pd alloys were observed. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed formation of nanosized defects in implanted corundum and titanium

  15. Pure Jauch-Piron states on von Neumann algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamhalter, J.

    1993-01-01

    We study Jauch-Piron states and two-valued measures on von Neumann algebra. We prove as the main result that, under some set-theoretical assumption, a pure state of a von Neumann algebra A not containing a central abelian portion is Jauch-Piron if and only if it is σ-additive. Moreover, we show that this result holds for type I factor indenpendently on the set-theoretical axiomatics. As a consequence we obtain a lucid characterization of pure Jauch-Piron states on von Neumann algebras acting on a Hilbert space with real-nonmeasurable dimension (this can be viewed as a generalization of the paper). We also characterize the von Neumann algebras whose logic of projections is Jauch-Piron. Finally, we prove that every two-valued measure on the projection logic of A, where A contains no type I 2 central portion, has to be concentrated at an abelian direct summand of A. (orig.)

  16. Study on growth of highly pure uranium compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shikama, Tatsuo; Ochiai, Akira; Suzuki, Kenji.

    1992-01-01

    We developed the systems for growing highly pure uranium compounds to study their intrinsic physical properties. Uranium metal was zone refined under low contamination conditions as far as possible. Chemical analysis of the purified uranium was performed using the inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). The problem that emission spectra of the uranium conceal those of analyzed impurities was settled by extraction of the uranium using tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TBP). The result shows that some metallic impurities such as Pb, Mn, Cu etc. evaporated by the r.f. heating and other usual metallic impurities moved to the end of rod with molten zone. Therefore, we conclude that the zone refining technique is much effective to the removal of metallic impurities and we obtained highly purified uranium metal of 99.99 % up with regard to metallic impurities. Using the purified uranium, we attempted to grow a highly pure uranium-titanium single crystals. (author)

  17. Nanoporous Au: an unsupported pure gold catalyst?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wittstock, A; Neumann, B; Schaefer, A; Dumbuya, K; Kuebel, C; Biener, M; Zielasek, V; Steinrueck, H; Gottfried, M; Biener, J; Hamza, A; B?umer, M

    2008-09-04

    The unique properties of gold especially in low temperature CO oxidation have been ascribed to a combination of various effects. In particular, particle sizes below a few nm and specific particle-support interactions have been shown to play important roles. On the contrary, recent reports revealed that monolithic nanoporous gold (npAu) prepared by leaching a less noble metal, such as Ag, out of the corresponding alloy can also exhibit remarkably high catalytic activity for CO oxidation, even though no support is present. Therefore, it was claimed to be a pure and unsupported gold catalyst. We investigated npAu with respect to its morphology, surface composition and catalytic properties. In particular, we studied the reaction kinetics for low temperature CO oxidation in detail taking mass transport limitation due to the porous structure of the material into account. Our results reveal that Ag, even if removed almost completely from the bulk, segregates to the surface resulting in surface concentrations of up to 10 at%. Our data suggest that this Ag plays a significant role in activation of molecular oxygen. Therefore, npAu should be considered as a bimetallic catalyst rather than a pure Au catalyst.

  18. Faithful teleportation with arbitrary pure or mixed resource states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Mingjing; Fei Shaoming; Wang Zhixi; Li Zongguo; Lijost Xianqing

    2011-01-01

    We study faithful teleportation systematically with arbitrary entangled states as resources. The necessary conditions of mixed states to complete perfect teleportation are proved. Based on these results, the necessary and sufficient conditions of faithful teleportation of an unknown state |φ) in C d with an entangled resource ρ in C m otimes C d and C d otimes C n are derived. It is shown that for ρ in C m otimes C d , ρ must be a maximally entangled state, while for ρ in C d otimes C n , ρ must be a pure maximally entangled state. Moreover, we show that the sender's measurements must be all projectors of maximally entangled pure states. The relations between the entanglement of the formation of the resource states and faithful teleportation are also discussed.

  19. Spectrophotometric determination of pizotefin maleate in pure form ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Two simple, quick and sensitive methods were described for the spectrophotometric determination of pizotefin maleate (PZT) either in pure form or pharmaceutical form (tablets). The methods were based on the reaction of pizotefin maleate as 'n' electron donor with chloranilic acid (p-CLA) and 7,7,8 ...

  20. Developmental and Individual Differences in Pure Numerical Estimation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Booth, Julie L.; Siegler, Robert S.

    2006-01-01

    The authors examined developmental and individual differences in pure numerical estimation, the type of estimation that depends solely on knowledge of numbers. Children between kindergarten and 4th grade were asked to solve 4 types of numerical estimation problems: computational, numerosity, measurement, and number line. In Experiment 1,…

  1. Solving pure yang-mills theory in dimensions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leigh, Robert G; Minic, Djordje; Yelnikov, Alexandr

    2006-06-09

    We analytically compute the spectrum of the spin zero glueballs in the planar limit of pure Yang-Mills theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. The new ingredient is provided by our computation of a new nontrivial form of the ground state wave functional. The mass spectrum of the theory is determined by the zeroes of Bessel functions, and the agreement with large lattice data is excellent.

  2. Pure Lovelock gravity and Chern-Simons theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Concha, P. K.; Durka, R.; Inostroza, C.; Merino, N.; Rodríguez, E. K.

    2016-07-01

    We explore the possibility of finding pure Lovelock gravity as a particular limit of a Chern-Simons action for a specific expansion of the AdS algebra in odd dimensions. We derive in detail this relation at the level of the action in five and seven dimensions. We provide a general result for higher dimensions and discuss some issues arising from the obtained dynamics.

  3. Pressure-dependent pure- and mixed-gas permeation properties of Nafion®

    KAUST Repository

    Mukaddam, Mohsin Ahmed

    2016-04-20

    The permeation properties of Nafion® at 35 °C are presented for pure gases H2, N2, O2, CH4, CO2, C2H6 and C3H8, as a function of pressure between 2 and 20 atm. The effect of pressure on permeability and selectivity is analyzed to understand two observed phenomena: compression and plasticization. In pure-gas experiments, at increasing feed pressure, compression of the polymer matrix reduced the permeability of low-sorbing penetrants H2, N2, O2, and CH4. In contrast, permeabilities of more soluble penetrants CO2 and C2H6 increased by 18% and 46% respectively, as plasticization effects overcame compression effects. Permeability of C3H8 decreased slightly with increasing pressure up to 4.6 atm as a result of compression, then increased by 3-fold at 9 atm as a result of plasticization associated with high C3H8 solubility. Binary CO2/CH4 (50:50) mixed-gas experiments at total feed pressures up to 36 atm quantified the effect of CO2 plasticization on separation performance. At 10 atm CO2 partial pressure, CH4 permeability increased by 23% relative to its pure-gas value of 0.078 Barrer, while CO2 permeability decreased by 28%. Consequently, CO2/CH4 selectivity decreased to 19, i.e., 42% below its pure-gas value of 32.

  4. Comentarios críticos de la Norma UNE 7245 sobre "determinación de los compuestos de azufre contenidos en los áridos"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Calleja, José

    1982-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper shows some deficiences of the Spanish Standard Method UNE 7245 and the corresponding deficiences of the Spanish Concrete Code EH-SO adopting it. According to the actual Method, erroneous low values may result in determining sulphides and in general sulphur compounds in cocrete aggregates. Attention is drawn to the convenience of revising the limit of 1.2 per cent for the admissible maximum value of such compounds, particularly if they are exclusively formed by pyrites.

    Se ponen de relieve en este trabajo ciertas definiciones de la Norma UNE 7245 y las correspondientes de la Instrucción EH-80 que la adopta, en cuanto que la citada Norma puede dar valores erróneos por defecto en la determinación de sulfures y, en general, de compuestos de azufre en áridos para hormigón. Se llama la atención sobre la conveniencia de revisar el límite de 1,2 por ciento para el contenido máximo tolerable de dichos compuestos, particularmente si están constituidos en exclusiva por piritas.

  5. Compound effects of inhaling pure oxygen and lifting height on ear baric function in a hypobaric chamber

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dong-qing WEN

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Objective To compare the ear baric function between 4000m altitude chamber test with inhaling air and 6900m altitude chamber test with inhaling pure oxygen. Methods Eleven healthy male volunteers attended two tests as two groups by self-comparison. As the air group the volunteers inhaled air at 4000m, while as the pure oxygen group they inhaled pure oxygen at 6900m altitude, and the time interval between the two tests was more than two weeks. During the test, the volunteers breathed air or pure oxygen at random for 1h, and then were exposed at a speed of 20m/s to the target altitude for 5min. Hereafter they were sent back to the ground at the same speed. The changes of subjective symptoms, degree of tympanic congestion, acoustic immitance index and pure-tone auditory threshold were recorded before and after the test. The acoustic impedance index and pure-tone threshold were statistically analyzed. Results Four volunteers (4 ears in air group and 7 volunteers (7 ears in pure oxygen group reported ear pain in altitude chamber exposures, respectively. The pain-triggering altitude was higher in the pure oxygen group. Immediately after tests, there were 3 (3 ears and 5 volunteers (5 ears with Ⅲ degree congestion of the tympanic membrane in the two groups respectively. Four volunteers (6 ears developed gradually aggravated hemorrhages after altitude exposure. And the tympanic membrane congestion difference between groups was statistically significant at 3 and 24h after tests (P<0.01. The type A tympanogram appeared in 11 (15 ears and 11 (14 ears volunteers respectively immediately after tests. The increase of static compliance value was significantly greater in pure oxygen group than in air group immediately after tests (P<0.05, the decrease of middle ear pressure was more significant in pure oxygen group than in air group at 3 and 24h after tests (P<0.05. Both the two altitude exposure tests resulted in eustachian tube dysfunction. At 3 and

  6. Purely infinite C*-algebras arising from crossed products

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rørdam, Mikael; Sierakowski, Adam

    2012-01-01

    We study conditions that will ensure that a crossed product of a C-algebra by a discrete exact group is purely innite (simple or non-simple). We are particularly interested in the case of a discrete nonamenable exact group acting on a commutative C-algebra, where our sucient conditions can...

  7. Grain intermodal terminals: evaluation of pure technical efficiency by Data Envelopment Analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Gabriela Mendonça Peixoto

    Full Text Available Abstract This paper aimed to verify if terminals with productive efficiency also have pure technical efficiency, using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The research approach was the qualitative-quantitative or mixed, with exploratory purpose; the research method defined was the case study (multicases; data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and non-probability for convenience sampling. While the application of Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR model observed that only three (4, 7 and 11, of the twelve analyzed Decision Making Units (DMUs have total technical efficiency, through Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC model, it was possible to observe that these terminals were the only ones with pure technical efficiency. The three inefficient DMUs (1, 2 and 12 showed pure technical efficiency, suggesting that these terminals might present probable scale operations’ inefficiency, aspect not addressed in this paper.

  8. [Inhibition of Bacillus coagulans growth in laboratory media and in fruit purees].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cerrutti, P; Alzamora, S M; de Huergo, M S

    2000-01-01

    The growth of two strains of B. coagulans was inhibited in laboratory media at pH banana puree (pH approximately equal to 5.0) but acidification of the puree at pH = 3.5 was enough to prevent growth. The addition of up to 3,000 ppm vainillin ("natural" preservative) or 1,000 ppm potassium sorbate (traditional preservative) at pH higher than the inhibitory level previously determined could not prevent growth of B. coagulans in laboratory or in fruits, but 100 ppm lysozyme retarded growth in laboratory media at different pH levels (from 4.5 to 6.7) and in banana puree. As lysozyme showed to be effective at pH < or = 6.7, it might be used to prevent growth of B. coagulans at an eventual increment of pH during storage.

  9. Dissociative effects of orthographic distinctiveness in pure and mixed lists: an item-order account.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McDaniel, Mark A; Cahill, Michael; Bugg, Julie M; Meadow, Nathaniel G

    2011-10-01

    We apply the item-order theory of list composition effects in free recall to the orthographic distinctiveness effect. The item-order account assumes that orthographically distinct items advantage item-specific encoding in both mixed and pure lists, but at the expense of exploiting relational information present in the list. Experiment 1 replicated the typical free recall advantage of orthographically distinct items in mixed lists and the elimination of that advantage in pure lists. Supporting the item-order account, recognition performances indicated that orthographically distinct items received greater item-specific encoding than did orthographically common items in mixed and pure lists (Experiments 1 and 2). Furthermore, order memory (input-output correspondence and sequential contiguity effects) was evident in recall of pure unstructured common lists, but not in recall of unstructured distinct lists (Experiment 1). These combined patterns, although not anticipated by prevailing views, are consistent with an item-order account.

  10. On the Computation and Applications of Bessel Functions with Pure Imaginary Indices

    OpenAIRE

    Matyshev, A. A.; Fohtung, E.

    2009-01-01

    Bessel functions with pure imaginary index (order) play an important role in corpuscular optics where they govern the dynamics of charged particles in isotrajectory quadrupoles. Recently they were found to be of great importance in semiconductor material characterization as they are manifested in the strain state of crystalline material. A new algorithm which can be used for the computation of the normal and modifed Bessel functions with pure imaginary index is proposed. The developed algorit...

  11. Strict optical orthogonal codes for purely asynchronous code-division multiple-access applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jian-Guo

    1996-12-01

    Strict optical orthogonal codes are presented for purely asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) applications. The proposed code can strictly guarantee the peaks of its cross-correlation functions and the sidelobes of any of its autocorrelation functions to have a value of 1 in purely asynchronous data communications. The basic theory of the proposed codes is given. An experiment on optical CDMA systems is also demonstrated to verify the characteristics of the proposed code.

  12. Estrés oxidativo en cefalópodos: I. Determinación de TBARS Oxidative stress in cephalopods: I. TBARS determination

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anabella Victoria Fassiano

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El estrés oxidativo se produce cuando se genera un desbalance desfavorable entre las especies reactivas del oxígeno y las defensas antioxidantes, provocando daño oxidativo a macromoléculas. Varios estudios han resaltado la importancia del estrés oxidativo en el campo de la ecotoxicología, particularmente su relación con el impacto que generan los contaminantes que alcanzan los cuerpos de agua. El cuantifcar los parámetros de estrés oxidativo ha permitido el uso de los mismos como herramienta de diagnóstico (biomarcadores, con capacidad predictiva del impacto de los contaminantes sobre los organismos. Uno de los índices más frecuentemente utilizados para estimar el daño oxidativo a lípidos es la determinación de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS, producto fnal de la peroxidación lipídica. Octopus tehuelchus es un importante recurso pesquero en la costa patagónica, expuesto en algunas áreas a contaminación antrópica. Dado que el estudio de parámetros de estrés oxidativo aún no ha sido abordado en esta Clase de moluscos y que en muchos modelos biológicos, los contaminantes ambientales actúan generando estrés oxidativo, es clave encontrar sus blancos de acción, para empezar a caracterizar las alteraciones metabólicas y fsiológicas asociadas a su mecanismo de acción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la puesta a punto del método de determinación de daño oxidativo a lípidos en distintos tejidos del pulpo Octopus tehuelchus desde modelos previamente ensayados en el laboratorio.Oxidative stress occurs when there is an unfavorable imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, causing oxidative damage to macromolecules. Several studies have highlighted the importance of oxidative stress in the ecology feld related to the impact generated by pollutants reaching water bodies. The quantifcation of oxidative stress parameters led to their use as diagnostic tools (biomarkers with

  13. La posición socio económica en el campo de la actividad física y su relación con la imagen corporal: Aproximación desde el enfoque determinantes/ determinación social de la salud

    OpenAIRE

    Babativa Rodriguez, Oscar Eduardo

    2016-01-01

    El presente trabajo analiza la definición de la categoría posición socioeconómica (PSE) y las variables con las cuales se representa en los productos académicos del campo de la actividad física, además de su relación con la categoría de imagen corporal. Para lograr el objetivo, se rastrean elementos que permiten dar cuenta si los documentos de investigación se abordan desde alguno de los dos contextos: determinantes (DDSS) o determinación social de la salud (DSS). Se inicia con un rastreo glo...

  14. Super-Maxwellian helium evaporation from pure and salty water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hahn, Christine; Kann, Zachary R.; Faust, Jennifer A.; Skinner, J. L.; Nathanson, Gilbert M.

    2016-01-01

    Helium atoms evaporate from pure water and salty solutions in super-Maxwellian speed distributions, as observed experimentally and modeled theoretically. The experiments are performed by monitoring the velocities of dissolved He atoms that evaporate from microjets of pure water at 252 K and 4–8.5 molal LiCl and LiBr at 232–252 K. The average He atom energies exceed the flux-weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann average of 2RT by 30% for pure water and 70% for 8.5m LiBr. Classical molecular dynamics simulations closely reproduce the observed speed distributions and provide microscopic insight into the forces that eject the He atoms from solution. Comparisons of the density profile and He kinetic energies across the water-vacuum interface indicate that the He atoms are accelerated by He–water collisions within the top 1-2 layers of the liquid. We also find that the average He atom kinetic energy scales with the free energy of solvation of this sparingly soluble gas. This free-energy difference reflects the steeply decreasing potential of mean force on the He atoms in the interfacial region, whose gradient is the repulsive force that tends to expel the atoms. The accompanying sharp decrease in water density suppresses the He–water collisions that would otherwise maintain a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, allowing the He atom to escape at high energies. Helium is especially affected by this reduction in collisions because its weak interactions make energy transfer inefficient

  15. Super-Maxwellian helium evaporation from pure and salty water

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hahn, Christine; Kann, Zachary R.; Faust, Jennifer A.; Skinner, J. L., E-mail: skinner@chem.wisc.edu, E-mail: nathanson@chem.wisc.edu; Nathanson, Gilbert M., E-mail: skinner@chem.wisc.edu, E-mail: nathanson@chem.wisc.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States)

    2016-01-28

    Helium atoms evaporate from pure water and salty solutions in super-Maxwellian speed distributions, as observed experimentally and modeled theoretically. The experiments are performed by monitoring the velocities of dissolved He atoms that evaporate from microjets of pure water at 252 K and 4–8.5 molal LiCl and LiBr at 232–252 K. The average He atom energies exceed the flux-weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann average of 2RT by 30% for pure water and 70% for 8.5m LiBr. Classical molecular dynamics simulations closely reproduce the observed speed distributions and provide microscopic insight into the forces that eject the He atoms from solution. Comparisons of the density profile and He kinetic energies across the water-vacuum interface indicate that the He atoms are accelerated by He–water collisions within the top 1-2 layers of the liquid. We also find that the average He atom kinetic energy scales with the free energy of solvation of this sparingly soluble gas. This free-energy difference reflects the steeply decreasing potential of mean force on the He atoms in the interfacial region, whose gradient is the repulsive force that tends to expel the atoms. The accompanying sharp decrease in water density suppresses the He–water collisions that would otherwise maintain a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, allowing the He atom to escape at high energies. Helium is especially affected by this reduction in collisions because its weak interactions make energy transfer inefficient.

  16. Initial experience with purely laparoscopic living-donor right hepatectomy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, S K; Lee, K W; Choi, Y; Kim, H S; Ahn, S W; Yoon, K C; Kim, H; Yi, N J; Suh, K S

    2018-05-01

    There may be concerns about purely laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) compared with open donor right hepatectomy, especially when performed by surgeons accustomed to open surgery. This study aimed to describe technical tips and pitfalls in PLDRH. Data from donors who underwent PLDRH at Seoul National University Hospital between December 2015 and July 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Endpoints analysed included intraoperative events and postoperative complications. All operations were performed by a single surgeon with considerable experience in open living donor hepatectomy. A total of 26 donors underwent purely laparoscopic right hepatectomy in the study interval. No donor required transfusion during surgery, whereas two underwent reoperation. In two donors, the dissection plane at the right upper deep portion of the midplane was not correct. One donor experienced portal vein injury during caudate lobe transection, and one developed remnant left hepatic duct stenosis. One donor experienced remnant portal vein angulation owing to a different approach angle, and one experienced arterial damage associated with the use of a laparoscopic energy device. One donor had postoperative bleeding due to masking of potential bleeding foci owing to intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy. Two donors experienced right liver surface damage caused by a xiphoid trocar. Purely laparoscopic donor hepatectomy differs from open donor hepatectomy in terms of angle and caudal view. Therefore, surgeons experienced in open donor hepatectomy must gain adequate experience in laparoscopic liver surgery and make adjustments when performing PLDRH. © 2018 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. Passage from a pure state description to the microcanonical ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    ensemble distribution (microcanonical distribution) has no memory of the initial state. In .... state is not erased as the subspace is still state-dependent and no statistical mechanics ... using in the present context, even for pure states, the entropy.

  18. Unitary evolution between pure and mixed states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reznik, B.

    1996-01-01

    We propose an extended quantum mechanical formalism that is based on a wave operator d, which is related to the ordinary density matrix via ρ=dd degree . This formalism allows a (generalized) unitary evolution between pure and mixed states. It also preserves much of the connection between symmetries and conservation laws. The new formalism is illustrated for the case of a two-level system. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  19. Entanglement dynamics of a pure bipartite system in dissipative environments

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tahira, Rabia; Ikram, Manzoor; Azim, Tasnim; Suhail Zubairy, M [Centre for Quantum Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan)

    2008-10-28

    We investigate the phenomenon of sudden death of entanglement in a bipartite system subjected to dissipative environments with arbitrary initial pure entangled state between two atoms. We find that in a vacuum reservoir the presence of the state where both atoms are in excited states is a necessary condition for the sudden death of entanglement. Otherwise entanglement remains for an infinite time and decays asymptotically with the decay of individual qubits. For pure 2-qubit entangled states in a thermal environment, we observe that the sudden death of entanglement always happens. The sudden death time of the entangled states is related to the temperature of the reservoir and the initial preparation of the entangled states.

  20. Entanglement dynamics of a pure bipartite system in dissipative environments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tahira, Rabia; Ikram, Manzoor; Azim, Tasnim; Suhail Zubairy, M

    2008-01-01

    We investigate the phenomenon of sudden death of entanglement in a bipartite system subjected to dissipative environments with arbitrary initial pure entangled state between two atoms. We find that in a vacuum reservoir the presence of the state where both atoms are in excited states is a necessary condition for the sudden death of entanglement. Otherwise entanglement remains for an infinite time and decays asymptotically with the decay of individual qubits. For pure 2-qubit entangled states in a thermal environment, we observe that the sudden death of entanglement always happens. The sudden death time of the entangled states is related to the temperature of the reservoir and the initial preparation of the entangled states.

  1. Calculation of interfacial tensions with gradient theory. I. Pure and Pseudo-Pure Fluids. II. Binary Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zuo, You-Xiang; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

    1997-01-01

    .26% at low pressure, and that of naphtha reformate cuts was 3.6%. In addition, the gradient theory was used to predict interfacial tensions for binary systems in the near-critical region. The results show excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental IFTs at high and moderate levels, while....... A consistent procedure for the estimation of properties associated to lumped systems. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 87: 89-197] was used to lump a mixture into one pseudocomponent, and its IFTs were calculated by means of the method of pure fluids. On the basis of the SRK EOS, the overall AAD of mixtures was 3...

  2. Optimization of Jatropha curcas pure plant oil production

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Subroto, Erna

    2015-01-01

    The use of pure plant oils as fuel, either directly or after conversion of the oil to bio-diesel, is considered to be one of the potential contributions to the transformation of the current fossil oil based economy to a sustainable bio-based one. The production of oil producing seeds using plants

  3. Faithful teleportation with arbitrary pure or mixed resource states

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao Mingjing; Fei Shaoming; Wang Zhixi [School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048 (China); Li Zongguo [College of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300191 (China); Lijost Xianqing, E-mail: zhaomingjingde@126.com [Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, 04103 Leipzig (Germany)

    2011-05-27

    We study faithful teleportation systematically with arbitrary entangled states as resources. The necessary conditions of mixed states to complete perfect teleportation are proved. Based on these results, the necessary and sufficient conditions of faithful teleportation of an unknown state |{phi}) in C{sup d} with an entangled resource {rho} in C{sup m} otimes C{sup d} and C{sup d} otimes C{sup n} are derived. It is shown that for {rho} in C{sup m} otimes C{sup d}, {rho} must be a maximally entangled state, while for {rho} in C{sup d} otimes C{sup n}, {rho} must be a pure maximally entangled state. Moreover, we show that the sender's measurements must be all projectors of maximally entangled pure states. The relations between the entanglement of the formation of the resource states and faithful teleportation are also discussed.

  4. Irradiation in combination of heat treatment of mango puree

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noomhorm, A.; Apintanapong, M.

    1996-01-01

    The effect of irradiation with heat combination treatment on the shelf life and quality of mango puree was studied. Thermal inactivation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme at 80 degree C and 15 min. was used as a measure of adequacy of pre-heat treatment. Irradiation of mango puree after heat treatment at dosage of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kGy showed no change in mc, pH, acidity, and TSS but during storage, growth of microorganisms brought changes in these values. Irradiation in combination with low temperature (5 degree C) reduced discoloration and darkening rate during storage. Irradiation dose from 0 to 8 kGy resulted in log linear reductions in microorganism levels but at 6 and 8 kGy, there was no growth of microorganisms. Products irradiated at 8 kGy showed no microorganism growth at both temperatures

  5. Local economic impacts associated with pure taxable capacity changes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bjornstad, D.J.

    1982-01-01

    A fiscal-impact model based on the introduction of a nuclear power plant demonstrates the need to integrate local public-sector impacts with local private-sector impacts when estimating the economic changes a community undergoes in response to a significant exogenous shock. A nuclear plant differs from other electrical generating facilities because siting regulations require locating in a low-population density area where the influence on the community will be substantial. These characteristics approximate the pure fiscal capacity change or pure tax revenue importation concept. Four sections of the paper describe local decision making on taxes, identify the parameters that may shape local impact, analyze indifference curves as they integrate with the local macroeconomic model, and compare data for two communities in which both private and public local economic sectors show stimulation. 12 references, 1 figure

  6. Synthesis of pure Portland cement phases

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wesselsky, Andreas; Jensen, Ole Mejlhede

    2009-01-01

    Pure phases commonly found in Portland cement clinkers are often used to test cement hydration behaviour in simplified experimental conditions. The synthesis of these phases is covered in this paper, starting with a description of phase relations and possible polymorphs of the four main phases...... in Portland cement, i.e. tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium alumino ferrite. Details of the The process of solid state synthesis are is described in general including practical advice on equipment and techniques. Finally In addition, some exemplary mix compositions...

  7. Determinación de restricciones y posibilidades ambientales para la expansion del transporte de gas natural en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Sanint Enrique

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available En la línea de la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica, EAE, se desarrolló un método para la determinación de restricciones y posibilidades ambientales en proyectos de transporte de gas natural por ductos, basado en el uso de herramientas de análisis territorial aplicadas sobre la plataforma SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica, incorporando criterios ambientales que a escala 1:500.000 apoyarán la toma de decisiones en el nivel de planeación y propiciarán la elaboración del plan de expansión para el transporte de gas natural en Colombia. Para esto, se definió el concepto de ambiente a partir de un Modelo Analítico preexistente; se delimitó un área con posibilidades para la expansión de la red de transporte de gas natural incorporando nuevos trazados; se seleccionaron las variables y factores que complementaban el Modelo Analítico; se definió la estructura de preferencias a partir de una encuesta a expertos; se determinaron las restricciones nacionales y se construyeron superficies numéricas síntesis de critici dad ambiental para cada dimensión. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 5 superficies síntesis, una por cada dimensión, y una superficie final para Colombia, con restricciones y posibilidades ambientales. Además se propusieron análisis complementarios para establecer prioridades en la gestión ambiental.

  8. La salud bucal en los jóvenes de la Corporación de Residencias Universitarias 10 de mayo: una aproximación desde la determinación social con énfasis en pertenencia étnica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shirley Andrade Benavides

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Investigar la determinación social de la salud bucal de los estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a comunidades indígenas y afrocolombianos del sur occidente del país, domiciliarios de las Residencias Universitarias 10 de Mayo. Métodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo con apoyo en una encuesta individual fundamentada en la Determinación Social, DS. Resultados: La mayor parte de la población es de género femenino y presenta mejor salud bucal que los hombres. Esto se explica por los cambios alimentarios, culturales y sociales, así como el choque con nuevas formas de pensamiento. La mayoría pierde acceso a las Empresas Promotoras de Salud (EPS y subsisten solo con la cobertura de los servicios de bienestar universitario y en algunos casos con apoyo de otros servicios sociales. Conclusiones: La desigualdad social y la falta de acceso a políticas de equidad en salud determinan la salud bucal y el bienestar humano. Aunque se pudo constatar que cuentan con la información sobre cuidado en salud bucal, las condiciones de acceso a la educación son mínimas y tienen otras prioridades. Si bien la calidad de vida del individuo y sunúcleo familiar se puede mejorar, se reconoce que la salud bucal puede aportar a este propósito hábitos saludables de higiene, alimentación y autocuidados. Recomendaciones: Es necesario ampliar la cobertura de servicios de salud de los universitarios y especialmente de los grupos étnicos considerados minoría. Se deben hacer realidad los planteamientos de reconocimiento a las minorías por parte del gobierno. Es necesario un acompañamiento oportuno en primeros semestres.

  9. 1Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Port ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    a

    1Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box ... species of saline water fish stored at - 4°C were investigated as indices of spoilage. The data showed ... [10] using gas-liquid chromatography have.

  10. Ethnoveterinary Application of Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Puree on a ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Ethnoveterinary Application of Morinda Citrifolia Fruit Puree on a Commercial Heifer Rearing Facility with Endemic Salmonellosis. VJ Brooks, TJ De Wolfe, TJ Paulus, J Xu, J Cai, NS Keuler, RG Godbee, SF Peek, SM McGuirk, BJ Dariena ...

  11. {beta}-Ray angular distribution from purely nuclear spin aligned {sup 20}F

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nagatomo, T., E-mail: nagatomo@riken.jp [RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan); Matsuta, K. [Osaka University (Japan); Minamisono, K. [NSCL/MSU (United States); Sumikama, T. [Tokyo University of Science (Japan); Mihara, M. [Osaka University (Japan); Ozawa, A.; Tagishi, Y. [University of Tsukuba (Japan); Ogura, M.; Matsumiya, R.; Fukuda, M. [Osaka University (Japan); Yamaguchi, M.; Yasuno, T.; Ohta, H.; Hashizume, Y. [University of Tsukuba (Japan); Fujiwara, H. [Osaka University (Japan); Chiba, A. [University of Tsukuba (Japan); Minamisono, T. [Fukui University of Technology (Japan)

    2007-11-15

    The alignment correlation term in the {beta}-ray angular distribution from purely nuclear spin aligned {sup 20}F has been measured to test the G-parity conservation law which is one of the fundamental symmetries in the weak nucleon current. We utilized the hyperfine interaction of {sup 20}F in an MgF{sub 2} single crystal and successfully created the pure alignment from the polarization by means of the spin manipulation technique based on the {beta}-NMR method.

  12. The simplifying role of pure and stable sets in induced possibilities and necessities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsiporkova, E.

    1996-01-01

    The behaviour of upper and lower (conditional) possibilities and necessities induced by a multivalued mapping is investigated in case pure and stable sets with respect to this multivalued mapping are involved. It is obtained that the upper and lower possibilities (resp. necessities) and the upper and lower conditional possibilities (resp. necessities) of a pure set with respect to the original (non-restricted) mapping coincide. Simplified expressions for the lower conditional possibilities and necessities induced by a multivalued mapping are established in case of a restricting set that is pure with respect to this multivalued mapping. Moreover, if the multivalued mapping involved is non-void and surjective then the interaction of stable sets with the upper and lower (conditional) possibilities and necessities is also studied

  13. Revival of pure titanium for dynamically loaded porous implants using additive manufacturing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wauthle, Ruben; Ahmadi, Seyed Mohammad; Amin Yavari, Saber; Mulier, Michiel; Zadpoor, Amir Abbas; Weinans, Harrie; Van Humbeeck, Jan; Kruth, Jean-Pierre; Schrooten, Jan

    2015-01-01

    Additive manufacturing techniques are getting more and more established as reliable methods for producing porous metal implants thanks to the almost full geometrical and mechanical control of the designed porous biomaterial. Today, Ti6Al4V ELI is still the most widely used material for porous implants, and none or little interest goes to pure titanium for use in orthopedic or load-bearing implants. Given the special mechanical behavior of cellular structures and the material properties inherent to the additive manufacturing of metals, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of selective laser melted pure unalloyed titanium porous structures. Therefore, the static and dynamic compressive properties of pure titanium structures are determined and compared to previously reported results for identical structures made from Ti6Al4V ELI and tantalum. The results show that porous Ti6Al4V ELI still remains the strongest material for statically loaded applications, whereas pure titanium has a mechanical behavior similar to tantalum and is the material of choice for cyclically loaded porous implants. These findings are considered to be important for future implant developments since it announces a potential revival of the use of pure titanium for additively manufactured porous implants. - Highlights: • The mechanical properties of CP Ti grade 1 porous structures are studied. • The results are compared with identical structures in Ti6Al4V ELI and tantalum. • Ti6Al4V ELI structures are about two times stronger under a static compressive load. • CP Ti structures deform continuously without fracture while loaded statically. • CP Ti structures have a higher fatigue life compared to Ti6Al4V ELI structures

  14. Revival of pure titanium for dynamically loaded porous implants using additive manufacturing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wauthle, Ruben, E-mail: ruben.wauthle@3dsystems.com [KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Section Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation (PMA), Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); 3D Systems - LayerWise NV, Grauwmeer 14, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Ahmadi, Seyed Mohammad; Amin Yavari, Saber [Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft (Netherlands); Mulier, Michiel [KU Leuven, Department of Orthopaedics, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg (Belgium); Zadpoor, Amir Abbas [Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft (Netherlands); Weinans, Harrie [Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft (Netherlands); Department of Orthopedics & department of Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht (Netherlands); Van Humbeeck, Jan [KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, PB 2450, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Kruth, Jean-Pierre [KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Section Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation (PMA), Celestijnenlaan 300B, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Schrooten, Jan [KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, PB 2450, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); KU Leuven, Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, PB 813, O& N1, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium)

    2015-09-01

    Additive manufacturing techniques are getting more and more established as reliable methods for producing porous metal implants thanks to the almost full geometrical and mechanical control of the designed porous biomaterial. Today, Ti6Al4V ELI is still the most widely used material for porous implants, and none or little interest goes to pure titanium for use in orthopedic or load-bearing implants. Given the special mechanical behavior of cellular structures and the material properties inherent to the additive manufacturing of metals, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of selective laser melted pure unalloyed titanium porous structures. Therefore, the static and dynamic compressive properties of pure titanium structures are determined and compared to previously reported results for identical structures made from Ti6Al4V ELI and tantalum. The results show that porous Ti6Al4V ELI still remains the strongest material for statically loaded applications, whereas pure titanium has a mechanical behavior similar to tantalum and is the material of choice for cyclically loaded porous implants. These findings are considered to be important for future implant developments since it announces a potential revival of the use of pure titanium for additively manufactured porous implants. - Highlights: • The mechanical properties of CP Ti grade 1 porous structures are studied. • The results are compared with identical structures in Ti6Al4V ELI and tantalum. • Ti6Al4V ELI structures are about two times stronger under a static compressive load. • CP Ti structures deform continuously without fracture while loaded statically. • CP Ti structures have a higher fatigue life compared to Ti6Al4V ELI structures.

  15. Multicomponent evaporation model for pure and blended biodiesel droplets in high temperature convective environment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saha, K.; Abu-Ramadan, E.; Li, X. [Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering

    2010-07-01

    Renewable energy sources are currently being investigated for their reliability, efficiency, and applicability. Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternatives to conventional diesel fuels in compression-ignition (CI) engines. This paper reported on a study that compared pure biodiesel, pure diesel and blended fuels using a comprehensive multicomponent droplet vaporization model. The model considers the difference in the gas phase diffusivity of diesel and biodiesel vapors. The paper presented the vaporization characteristics of pure diesel, pure biodiesel fuel droplets as well as the effect of mixing them in different proportions (B20 and B50). The model successfully predicted the vaporization history of a multicomponent droplet. The modeling study revealed that biodiesel droplets evaporate at a slower rate than the diesel droplets because of relatively low vapor pressure. As such, the blending of diesel fuel with small proportions of biodiesel will result in an increase in the evaporation time of diesel fuel to some extent. 31 refs., 6 figs.

  16. MRI of autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krabbe, K.; Fallentin, E.; Herning, M.; Nielsen, J.E.; Fenger, K.

    1997-01-01

    We examined 16 patients with autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia (HSP) and 15 normal controls matched for age and sex using MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Images were assessed qualitatively by two independent radiologists, blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Areas of the brain and corpus callosum on one midsagittal slice and the area of the brain on one axial slice were measured and a ''corpus-callosum index'' expressing the size of the corpus callosum relative to that of the brain was calculated. Cross-sectional areas and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the spinal cord at the levels of C 2, C 5, T 3, T 6, T 9 and T 11 were measured. No significant differences between patients and controls were found on qualitative evaluation of the images. The patients had a significantly smaller corpus callosum and ''corpus-callosum index'' than controls. This finding, not reported previously, might indicate that the disease process in pure HSP is not confined to the spinal cord. The anteroposterior diameters of the spinal cord at T 3 and T 9 were significantly smaller in patients than in controls. This might correspond to the degeneration of the pyramidal tracts and the dorsal columns described at neuropathological examination. (orig.). With 1 fig., 3 tabs

  17. MRI of autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krabbe, K.; Fallentin, E.; Herning, M. [Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre (Denmark); Nielsen, J.E.; Fenger, K. [Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Section of Neurogenetics, University of Copenhagen (Denmark)

    1997-10-01

    We examined 16 patients with autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia (HSP) and 15 normal controls matched for age and sex using MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Images were assessed qualitatively by two independent radiologists, blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Areas of the brain and corpus callosum on one midsagittal slice and the area of the brain on one axial slice were measured and a ``corpus-callosum index`` expressing the size of the corpus callosum relative to that of the brain was calculated. Cross-sectional areas and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the spinal cord at the levels of C 2, C 5, T 3, T 6, T 9 and T 11 were measured. No significant differences between patients and controls were found on qualitative evaluation of the images. The patients had a significantly smaller corpus callosum and ``corpus-callosum index`` than controls. This finding, not reported previously, might indicate that the disease process in pure HSP is not confined to the spinal cord. The anteroposterior diameters of the spinal cord at T 3 and T 9 were significantly smaller in patients than in controls. This might correspond to the degeneration of the pyramidal tracts and the dorsal columns described at neuropathological examination. (orig.). With 1 fig., 3 tabs.

  18. Adults Studying Pure Mathematics in Adult Tertiary Preparation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bennison, Anne

    2002-01-01

    Investigated the experiences of a group of adults enrolled in the Pure Mathematics module of the Certificate IV in Adult Tertiary Preparation in 2000 at one of the Institutes of TAFE in Brisbane, Australia. Classroom learning experiences, exposure to technology, and the impact of returning to study on other facets of students' lives were…

  19. Computer Pure-Tone and Operator Stress: Report III.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dow, Caroline; Covert, Douglas C.

    Pure-tone sound at 15,750 Herz generated by flyback transformers in many computer and video display terminal (VDT) monitors has stress-related productivity effects in some operators, especially women. College-age women in a controlled experiment simulating half a normal work day showed responses within the first half hour of exposure to a tone…

  20. Production and thermal stability of pure and Cr3+ -doped hydroxyapatite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Araujo, T S; De Souza, S O; De Sousa, E M B; Araujo, M S

    2010-01-01

    Hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been used as starting material for biomedical applications. The pure and Cr 3+ -doped hydroxyapatite were prepared by chemical precipitation reactions at 100, 500 e 800 0 C in order to investigate the thermal stability of these materials. The characterization of the thermal behavior of this phosphate, especially on the structural changes with heating, is very important for production of sunscreens The powders were characterized using chemical analysis: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis. The present study was successful in the preparation of pure hydroxyapatite and chromium substituted hydroxyapatites with good thermal stability and nanoparticles formation.

  1. Structural and optical properties of pure and copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sajjad, Muhammad; Ullah, Inam; Khan, M. I.; Khan, Jamshid; Khan, M. Yaqoob; Qureshi, Muhammad Tauseef

    2018-06-01

    Pure and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method where hydrazine is used as reducing agent and aqueous extract of Euphorbia milii plant as capping agent. Main objectives of the reported work are to investigate the effect of copper doping on crystal structure of ZnO nanoparticles; to study the effect of copper doping on optical band gap of ZnO nanoparticles and photoluminescence (PL) study of pure and copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, XRD and SEM tests were performed for the identification and confirmation of crystal structure and morphology of the prepared samples. From XRD data the average grain size for pure ZnO was observed to be 24.62 nm which was first decreased to 18.95 nm for 5 wt% Cu-doped sample and then it was found to increase up to 37.80 nm as the Cu doping was increased to 7 wt%. Optical band gap of pure and Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles was calculated from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectra and was found to decrease from 3.13 eV to 2.94 eV as the amount of Cu increases up to 7 wt%. In photoluminescence study, PL technique was used and enhanced visible spectrum was observed. For further characterization FT-IR and EDX tests were also carried out.

  2. Usefulness of Pure Laparoscopic Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Severely Cirrhotic Patient

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isamu Hosokawa

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available The number of patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy has rapidly increased in recent years, and indications for this procedure are gradually expanding. Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy is reportedly useful in cases with severe liver cirrhosis. A 55-year-old woman under observation for liver cirrhosis was found to have hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment III and was referred to our hospital for surgery. The tumor was located in the edge of liver segment III, where percutaneous ablation therapy was unsuitable. Since her hepatic functional reserve was poor, pure laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. The postoperative course was favorable, with no ascites retention, edema or weight gain. The greatest advantage of pure laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with concomitant liver cirrhosis is that postoperative ascites retention is minimal, meaning that there is little risk of water-electrolyte imbalance associated with ascites retention or hypoproteinemia. This is believed to be because the abdominal incision is small and mobilization of the liver is minimized, reducing the destruction of the routes of collateral lymph flow and blood flow generated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy may be a treatment choice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and concomitant severe liver cirrhosis.

  3. Notes on the ambitwistor pure spinor string

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Lipinski Jusinskas, Renann

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 2016, č. 5 (2016), s. 1-12, č. článku 116. ISSN 1029-8479 R&D Projects: GA ČR GBP201/12/G028 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : ambitwistor string * pure spinor formalism Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics OBOR OECD: Atomic, molecular and chemical physics (physics of atoms and molecules including collision, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, Mössbauer effect) Impact factor: 6.063, year: 2016

  4. Stream lines for a pure multipole current distribution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gongora-T, A.

    1990-01-01

    We give an equation describing the electric current stream-lines on the surface of a sphere that generates a magnetic field which contains a single multipole component. The equation shows how to wind a coil in order to produce a pure multipole field and helps to give an intuitive grasp of how well existing traps approximate multipoles. (Author)

  5. Parasites Associated with Sachet Drinking Water (Pure Water) in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    popularly called “Pure Water” in Nigeria), in Awka, capital of Anambra State, southeast Nigeria was conducted. This was in order to determine the safety and suitability of such water for human consumption. Sachet water is a major source of drinking ...

  6. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure thiocrown ethers derived from 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stock, H. Thijs; Kellogg, Richard M.

    1996-01-01

    Synthetic methodology is given for the preparation of two different types of thiocrown ethers from optically pure 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol (10). The conceptually simplest approach starts from optically pure 10 itself, which is alkylated (4 equiv of K2CO3 in DMF at 110 degrees C) with

  7. Decay-time measurements on 'pure' CsI scintillators prepared by different methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Keszthelyi-Landori, S.; Foeldvari, I.; Voszka, R.; Fodor, Z.; Seres, Z.

    1990-05-01

    The discovery of the fast decay time of the pure CsI and the various results of the measured samples led to the investigation of decay time of CsI crystals prepared by different methods. Carefully grown or prepared pure CsI behaves as fast scintillators with well or totally suppressed slow decay component. The estimated fast/slow or fast/total ratio is related to the preparation method and to the remaining built-in contamination of the samples. The fast decay of pure CsI consists of two components with decay times of ≅1 and ≅10 ns - with an intensity ratio of 0.3 and 0.65 for gamma and for alpha radiation, respectively. This new ≅1 ns component and the ≅0.8 fast/total ratio may achieve an important role in many applications where fast timing properties are needed, substituting BaF 2 . (author) 18 refs.; 8 figs.; 3 tabs

  8. Urodynamic study in women with pure stress urinary incontinence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valdevenito, J P; Águila, F; Naser, M; Manríquez, V; Wenzel, C; Díaz, J P

    2015-03-01

    To describe the results of urodynamic study in women with pure stress urinary incontinence symptoms, including the characteristics of the overactive detrusor. No other clinical assessments were taken into account. A retrospective study in women with urinary incontinence consecutively evaluated by urodynamic study. From a total of 710 women, only 108 (15%) with pure stress urinary incontinence symptoms were selected. Women with prior urinary incontinence surgery, pelvic organ prolapse (stage ≥iii), pelvic radiotherapy, using medication active on the lower urinary tract and neurological diseases were excluded. Infusion rate was 70 ml/min. Detrusor overactivity was induced only by cough. A standardized cough stress test with progressive cough intensity was carried out. Reference urodynamic values for stress incontinent women are described. Urodynamic stress incontinence was observed in 79 women (73.1%), detrusor overactivity in 4 (3.7%) and mixed urodynamic diagnosis in 15 (13.8%). Test was inconclusive in 10 patients (9.2%). Two women had detrusor overactivity incontinence (1.9%). One patient had detrusor overactivity induced by cough without urodynamic stress incontinence (0.9%). There was an association between detrusor overactivity and nocturia ≥2 (P=.002; odds ratio: 3.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-11.39). One woman had a bladder outlet obstruction (0.9%). In women with pure stress urinary incontinence, without knowing the outcome of other clinical assessments, urodynamic study can provide useful information to define the proper therapy. Copyright © 2014 AEU. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  9. The plant breeding industry after pure line theory: Lessons from the National Institute of Agricultural Botany.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berry, Dominic

    2014-06-01

    In the early twentieth century, Wilhelm Johannsen proposed his pure line theory and the genotype/phenotype distinction, work that is prized as one of the most important founding contributions to genetics and Mendelian plant breeding. Most historians have already concluded that pure line theory did not change breeding practices directly. Instead, breeding became more orderly as a consequence of pure line theory, which structured breeding programmes and eliminated external heritable influences. This incremental change then explains how and why the large multi-national seed companies that we know today were created; pure lines invited standardisation and economies of scale that the latter were designed to exploit. Rather than focus on breeding practice, this paper examines the plant varietal market itself. It focusses upon work conducted by the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB) during the interwar years, and in doing so demonstrates that, on the contrary, the pure line was actually only partially accepted by the industry. Moreover, claims that contradicted the logic of the pure line were not merely tolerated by the agricultural geneticists affiliated with NIAB, but were acknowledged and legitimised by them. The history of how and why the plant breeding industry was transformed remains to be written. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. How low can you go: Spatial frequency sensitivity in a patient with pure alexia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Starrfelt, Randi; Nielsen, Simon; Habekost, Thomas

    2013-01-01

    Pure alexia is a selective deficit in reading, following lesions to the posterior left hemisphere. Writing and other language functions remain intact in these patients. Whether pure alexia is caused by a primary problem in visual perception is highly debated. A recent hypothesis suggests that a low...... in the visual processing stream....

  11. On pure-strategy Nash equilibria in price-quantity games

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bos, I.; Vermeulen, A.J.

    2015-01-01

    This paper examines the existence and characteristics of pure-strategy Nash equilibria in oligopoly models in which firms set both prices and quantities. Existence is proved for a broad and natural class of price-quantity games. With differentiated products, the equilibrium outcome is similar to

  12. Non-thermal production of pure hydrogen from biomass : HYVOLUTION

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Claassen, P.A.M.; Vrije, de G.J.

    2006-01-01

    HYVOLUTION is the acronym of an Integrated Project ¿Non-thermal production of pure hydrogen from biomass¿ which has been granted in the Sixth EU Framework Programme on Research, Technological Development and Demonstration, Priority 6.1.ii, Sustainable Energy Systems. The aim of HYVOLUTION:

  13. Pure and Public, Popular and personal

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Eriksson, Birgit

    2013-01-01

    In the article I reexamine the traditional aesthetical and political critiques of popular culture and reevaluate the social and communicative potential of bestselling cultural artifacts such as highly popular television series. First, I sketch the alleged aesthetic and social problems of popular...... and the exclusions of the public sphere. I argue that the ideals of a pure aesthetic and a public sphere neglect issues that are crucial to the type of commonality at stake in popular cultural artifacts: personal issues, social conflicts, and what is pleasurable to the senses or has to do with emotions. Third, I...

  14. Dynamical structure of pure Lovelock gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadhich, Naresh; Durka, Remigiusz; Merino, Nelson; Miskovic, Olivera

    2016-03-01

    We study the dynamical structure of pure Lovelock gravity in spacetime dimensions higher than four using the Hamiltonian formalism. The action consists of a cosmological constant and a single higher-order polynomial in the Riemann tensor. Similarly to the Einstein-Hilbert action, it possesses a unique constant curvature vacuum and charged black hole solutions. We analyze physical degrees of freedom and local symmetries in this theory. In contrast to the Einstein-Hilbert case, the number of degrees of freedom depends on the background and can vary from zero to the maximal value carried by the Lovelock theory.

  15. Preparation of pure anhydrous rare earth chlorides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bel'kova, N.L.; Slastenova, N.M.; Batyaev, I.M.; Solov'ev, M.A.

    1979-01-01

    A method has been suggested for obtaining extra-pure anhydrous REE chlorides by chloridizing corresponding oxalates by chlorine in a fluid bed, the chloridizing agents being diluted by an inert gas in a ratio of 2-to-1. The method is applicable to the manufacture of quality chlorides not only of light, but also of heavy REE. Neodymium chloride has an excited life of tau=30 μs, this evidencing the absence of the damping impurities

  16. Sasakian manifolds with purely transversal Bach tensor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghosh, Amalendu; Sharma, Ramesh

    2017-10-01

    We show that a (2n + 1)-dimensional Sasakian manifold (M, g) with a purely transversal Bach tensor has constant scalar curvature ≥2 n (2 n +1 ) , equality holding if and only if (M, g) is Einstein. For dimension 3, M is locally isometric to the unit sphere S3. For dimension 5, if in addition (M, g) is complete, then it has positive Ricci curvature and is compact with finite fundamental group π1(M).

  17. Purely cubic action for string field theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horowitz, G. T.; Lykken, J.; Rohm, R.; Strominger, A.

    1986-01-01

    It is shown that Witten's (1986) open-bosonic-string field-theory action and a closed-string analog can be written as a purely cubic interaction term. The conventional form of the action arises by expansion around particular solutions of the classical equations of motion. The explicit background dependence of the conventional action via the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin operator is eliminated in the cubic formulation. A closed-form expression is found for the full nonlinear gauge-transformation law.

  18. Simple PVT quantitative method of Kr under high pure N2 condition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Xuesong; Zhang Zibin; Wei Guanyi; Chen Liyun; Zhai Lihua

    2005-01-01

    A simple PVT quantitative method of Kr in the high pure N 2 was studied. Pressure, volume and temperature of the sample gas were measured by three individual methods to obtain the sum sample with food uncertainty. The ratio of Kr/N 2 could measured by GAM 400 quadrupole mass spectrometer. So the quantity of Kr could be calculated with the two measured data above. This method can be suited for quantitative analysis of other simple composed noble gas sample with high pure carrying gas. (authors)

  19. The Origin of Pure Categories of the Understanding in Kant’s Transcendental Logic

    OpenAIRE

    Мухутдинов, Олег Мухтарович

    2013-01-01

    The article focuses on the problem of origin of pure categories of the understanding in Kant’s theoretical philosophy. The author argues that the way Kant proceeds from the table of judgments to the table of categories in the Transcendental Analytic lacks sufficient justification. The author then demonstrates that phenomenological approach allows for shedding light on actual preconditions of discovering pure ontological concepts.Key words: category, judgment, ontology, transcendental logic, u...

  20. Good Manufacturing Practices and Microbial Contamination Sources in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Puree Processing Plant in Kenya

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Derick Nyabera Malavi

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Limited information exists on the status of hygiene and probable sources of microbial contamination in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP puree processing. The current study is aimed at determining the level of compliance to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs, hygiene, and microbial quality in OFSP puree processing plant in Kenya. Intensive observation and interviews using a structured GMPs checklist, environmental sampling, and microbial analysis by standard microbiological methods were used in data collection. The results indicated low level of compliance to GMPs with an overall compliance score of 58%. Microbial counts on food equipment surfaces, installations, and personnel hands and in packaged OFSP puree were above the recommended microbial safety and quality legal limits. Steaming significantly (P<0.05 reduced microbial load in OFSP cooked roots but the counts significantly (P<0.05 increased in the puree due to postprocessing contamination. Total counts, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, and E. coli and S. aureus counts in OFSP puree were 8.0, 4.0, 6.6, 5.8, 4.8, and 5.9 log10 cfu/g, respectively. In conclusion, equipment surfaces, personnel hands, and processing water were major sources of contamination in OFSP puree processing and handling. Plant hygiene inspection, environmental monitoring, and food safety trainings are recommended to improve hygiene, microbial quality, and safety of OFSP puree.

  1. Hydrogen Sorption Performance of Pure Magnesium during Continued Cycling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vigeholm, B.; Kjøller, John; Larsen, B.

    1983-01-01

    Preliminary investigations of the hydrogen absorption - desorption by commercially pure magnesium powder under continuous operation show little or no reduction in hydrogen capacity up to 70 cycles and high temperature exposure exceeding 1200 h. Absorption was studied at 260°–425°C and hydrogen...

  2. Effect of fractionated extracts and isolated pure compounds of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study attempted to elucidate the neurotransmitter systems involved in the neurophysiological properties of ethanolic extract, fractions and pure isolates of Spondias mombin leaves in mice (n = 6) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration. The crude ethanolic extract of spondian mombin leaves was fractionated ...

  3. Wire bond degradation under thermo- and pure mechanical loading

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Kristian Bonderup; Nielsen, Dennis Achton; Czerny, Bernhard

    2017-01-01

    This paper presents a fundamental study on degradation of heavy Al bond wires typically used in high power modules. Customized samples are designed to only consist of Al bond wires on standard Si diodes. These samples are subjected to pure mechanical and passive thermal cycling to investigate...

  4. Grain fragmentation in ultrasonic-assisted TIG weld of pure aluminum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Qihao; Lin, Sanbao; Yang, Chunli; Fan, Chenglei; Ge, Hongliang

    2017-11-01

    Under the action of acoustic waves during an ultrasonic-assisted tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process, a grain of a TIG weld of aluminum alloy is refined by nucleation and grain fragmentation. Herein, effects of ultrasound on grain fragmentation in the TIG weld of aluminum alloy are investigated via systematic welding experiments of pure aluminum. First, experiments involving continuous and fixed-position welding are performed, which demonstrate that ultrasound can break the grain of the TIG weld of pure aluminum. The microstructural characteristics of an ultrasonic-assisted TIG weld fabricated by fixed-position welding are analyzed. The microstructure is found to transform from plane crystal, columnar crystal, and uniform equiaxed crystal into plane crystal, deformed columnar crystal, and nonuniform equiaxed crystal after application of ultrasound. Second, factors influencing ultrasonic grain fragmentation are investigated. The ultrasonic amplitude and welding current are found to have a considerable effect on grain fragmentation. The degree of fragmentation first increases and then decreases with an increase in ultrasonic amplitude, and it increases with an increase in welding current. Measurement results of the vibration of the weld pool show that the degree of grain fragmentation is related to the intensity of acoustic nonlinearity in the weld pool. The greater the intensity of acoustic nonlinearity, the greater is the degree of grain fragmentation. Finally, the mechanism of ultrasonic grain fragmentation in the TIG weld of pure aluminum is discussed. A finite element simulation is used to simulate the acoustic pressure and flow in the weld pool. The acoustic pressure in the weld pool exceeds the cavitation threshold, and cavitation bubbles are generated. The flow velocity in the weld pool does not change noticeably after application of ultrasound. It is concluded that the high-pressure conditions induced during the occurrence of cavitation, lead to grain

  5. Proton irradiation effects on optical attenuation in doped- and pure-silica fibers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakasai, Kaoru; Bueker, H.; Haesing, F.W.; Pfeiffer, F.

    1999-05-01

    Optical attenuation in doped- and pure-silica fibers was measured at wavelengths of 470 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm during and after 20 MeV proton irradiation. In the experiment the fibers were arranged on a holder to make one layer' so that uniform proton irradiation can be achieved to them. The induced loss of the doped-silica fiber increased strongly at the beginning of the first irradiation, and decreased slowly after stopping of the beam. In the second irradiation, however, the developed loss was not so large. On the other hand, the loss of the pure-silica fiber increased gradually in the first irradiation, and decreased very quickly after the beam stopped. The loss increased stepwise at the very beginning of the second irradiation. Small luminescence from the fibers during irradiation was observed also. The luminescence of the pure-silica fiber was slightly larger than that of the doped-silica fiber. The induced loss of HCP fibers was also measured when a SiO 2 plate was set in front of the fibers. It may be possible to estimate the proton dose in materials using fiber-optic technique. Proton sensitivities of doped- and pure-silica fibers were, respectively, 1.0 x 10 -10 at 660 nm and 5.5 x 10 -12 at 470 nm in units of (dB/m)/(protons/cm 2 ), where the values were estimated from the slope of the loss growth curves at the beginning of the first irradiation. (author)

  6. Micro-Arc Oxidation Enhances the Blood Compatibility of Ultrafine-Grained Pure Titanium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin Xu

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Ultrafine-grained pure titanium prepared by equal-channel angular pressing has favorable mechanical performance and does not contain alloy elements that are toxic to the human body. It has potential clinical value in applications such as cardiac valve prostheses, vascular stents, and hip prostheses. To overcome the material’s inherent thrombogenicity, surface-coating modification is a crucial pathway to enhancing blood compatibility. An electrolyte solution of sodium silicate + sodium polyphosphate + calcium acetate and the micro-arc oxidation (MAO technique were employed for in situ oxidation of an ultrafine-grained pure titanium surface. A porous coating with anatase- and rutile-phase TiO2 was generated and wettability and blood compatibility were examined. The results showed that, in comparison with ultrafine-grained pure titanium substrate, the MAO coating had a rougher surface, smaller contact angles for distilled water and higher surface energy. MAO modification effectively reduced the hemolysis rate; extended the dynamic coagulation time, prothrombin time (PT, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; reduced the amount of platelet adhesion and the degree of deformation; and enhanced blood compatibility. In particular, the sample with an oxidation time of 9 min possessed the highest surface energy, largest PT and APTT values, smallest hemolysis rate, less platelet adhesion, a lesser degree of deformation, and more favorable blood compatibility. The MAO method can significantly enhance the blood compatibility of ultrafine-grained pure titanium, increasing its potential for practical applications.

  7. Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid pure and alloyed Pu: A review

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boivineau, M., E-mail: michel.boivineau@cea.f [CEA, Centre de Valduc, Departement de Recherches sur les Materiaux Nucleaires, F-21120 Is-sur-Tille (France)

    2009-08-01

    The thermophysical properties of both solid and liquid pure and alloyed plutonium have been investigated up to 4000 K by use of a resistive pulse heating technique, the so-called isobaric expansion experiment (IEX). Electrical resistivity, specific volume (density), latent heats of transformations, heat of fusion have been measured and extended in the whole liquid region. Additional static measurements have been also performed in order to determine the heat transport properties such as heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of plutonium alloys. After a first part devoted to additional results on pure Pu under rapid heating, this paper mostly deals with studies on different delta-stabilized Pu alloys in the high temperature range, particularly in the liquid state which is the principal originality of this work. In addition to the thermophysical data mentioned above, an attention is also paid onto sound velocity measurements on these alloys in the solid and liquid states. Hence, an anomalous behavior such as elastic softening is confirmed in the delta phase as already reported previously. Moreover, sound velocity and equation of state parameters (adiabatic and thermal bulk moduli, Grueneisen parameter, and specific heats ratio) have been investigated on liquid alloyed Pu. Such results confirm previous works on liquid pure Pu by presenting an atypical dual behavior of sound velocity, and are discussed in terms of delocalization process of the 5f electrons of both liquid pure and alloyed Pu.

  8. Estrogen switches pure mucinous breast cancer to invasive lobular carcinoma with mucinous features.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jambal, Purevsuren; Badtke, Melanie M; Harrell, J Chuck; Borges, Virginia F; Post, Miriam D; Sollender, Grace E; Spillman, Monique A; Horwitz, Kathryn B; Jacobsen, Britta M

    2013-01-01

    Mucinous breast cancer (MBC) is mainly a disease of postmenopausal women. Pure MBC is rare and augurs a good prognosis. In contrast, MBC mixed with other histological subtypes of invasive disease loses the more favorable prognosis. Because of the relative rarity of pure MBC, little is known about its cell and tumor biology and relationship to invasive disease of other subtypes. We have now developed a human breast cancer cell line called BCK4, in which we can control the behavior of MBC. BCK4 cells were derived from a patient whose poorly differentiated primary tumor was treated with chemotherapy, radiation and tamoxifen. Malignant cells from a recurrent pleural effusion were xenografted in mammary glands of a nude mouse. Cells from the solid tumor xenograft were propagated in culture to generate the BCK4 cell line. Multiple marker and chromosome analyses demonstrate that BCK4 cells are human, near diploid and luminal, expressing functional estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors. When xenografted back into immunocompromised cycling mice, BCK4 cells grow into small pure MBC. However, if mice are supplemented with continuous estradiol, tumors switch to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) with mucinous features (mixed MBC), and growth is markedly accelerated. Tamoxifen prevents the expansion of this more invasive component. The unexpected ability of estrogens to convert pure MBC into mixed MBC with ILC may explain the rarity of the pure disease in premenopausal women. These studies show that MBC can be derived from lobular precursors and that BCK4 cells are new, unique models to study the phenotypic plasticity, hormonal regulation, optimal therapeutic interventions, and metastatic patterns of MBC.

  9. Implantation driven permeation behavior of deuterium through pure tungsten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nakamura, Hirofumi E-mail: nakamura@tpl.tokai.jaeri.go.jp; Hayashi, Takumi; Nishi, Masataka; Arita, Makoto; Okuno, Kenji

    2001-09-01

    Implantation driven permeation behavior of deuterium through pure tungsten has been investigated to estimate the amount of tritium permeation through its barrier in a thermo-nuclear fusion device. The permeation experiments were performed on pure tungsten foil of 25 {mu}m thickness under conditions of incident flux of 1.9x10{sup 18}-1.1x10{sup 19} D{sup +}/m{sup 2}s, incident ion energy of 200-2000 eV, and specimen temperature of 512-660 K. As a result of this steady-state permeation experiment, the rate-determining process of deuterium permeation was found to be controlled by diffusion at both implanted and permeated sides. On the other hand, transient permeation was strongly affected by trap effect in the specimen. Simulation analysis using TMAP code on transient permeation behavior indicates the existence of a trap site with a trap energy of nearly 1eV and with a trap density of over several ten's ppm in tungsten.

  10. Implantation driven permeation behavior of deuterium through pure tungsten

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakamura, Hirofumi; Hayashi, Takumi; Nishi, Masataka; Arita, Makoto; Okuno, Kenji

    2001-01-01

    Implantation driven permeation behavior of deuterium through pure tungsten has been investigated to estimate the amount of tritium permeation through its barrier in a thermo-nuclear fusion device. The permeation experiments were performed on pure tungsten foil of 25 μm thickness under conditions of incident flux of 1.9x10 18 -1.1x10 19 D + /m 2 s, incident ion energy of 200-2000 eV, and specimen temperature of 512-660 K. As a result of this steady-state permeation experiment, the rate-determining process of deuterium permeation was found to be controlled by diffusion at both implanted and permeated sides. On the other hand, transient permeation was strongly affected by trap effect in the specimen. Simulation analysis using TMAP code on transient permeation behavior indicates the existence of a trap site with a trap energy of nearly 1eV and with a trap density of over several ten's ppm in tungsten

  11. Design Efficient and Ultralong Pure Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials by Structural Isomerism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Yu; Zhao, Zheng; Zhao, Wei Jun; Ma, Hui Li; Peng, Qian; He, Zi Kai; Zhang, Xue Peng; Chen, Yun Cong; He, Xue Wen; Lam, Jacky; Tang, Ben Zhong

    2018-05-08

    Pure organic materials with ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are attractive alternatives to inorganic phosphors. However, without heavy atoms and carbonyl or heteroatomic groups, they generally show inefficient intersystem crossing (ISC) due to the weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Many efforts have been made to enhance SOC but examples in realizing both efficient and ultralong RTP have been limited. Here we present a novel design principle based on the realization of small energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) and pure ππ* configuration of the lowest triplet state (T1) via structural isomerism to obtain efficient and ultralong RTP materials. The meta-isomer of carbazole-substituted methyl benzoate exhibits an ultralong lifetime of 795.0 ms with a quantum yield of 2.1%, whose performance is among the best RTP materials reported so far. Study on the structure-property relationship demonstrates that the varied steric and conjugation effects imposed by ester substituent at different positions are responsible for the small ΔEST and pure ππ* configuration of T1. This rational design will open a new avenue for exploring novel pure organic RTP materials. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. Social phobia, panic disorder and suicidality in subjects with pure and depressive mania.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dilsaver, Steven C; Chen, Yuan-Who

    2003-11-01

    The objective of this study is to ascertain the rates of social phobia, panic disorder and suicidality in the midst of the manic state among subjects with pure and depressive mania. Subjects received evaluations entailing the use of serial standard clinical interviews, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and a structured interview to determine whether they met the criteria for intra-episode social phobia (IESP) and panic disorder (IEPD). The diagnoses of major depressive disorder and mania were rendered using the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The diagnoses of IESP and IEPD were rendered using DSM-III-R criteria. Categorization as being suicidal was based on the SADS suicide subscale score. Twenty-five (56.8%) subjects had pure and 19 (43.2%) subjects had depressive mania. None of the subjects with pure and 13 (68.4%) with depressive mania had IESP (Pdepressive mania had IEPD (Pdepressive were suicidal. Twelve of 13 (92.3%) subjects with depressive mania met the criteria for IESP and IEPD concurrently (Pdepressive but not pure mania exhibited high rates of both IESP and IEPD. Concurrence of the disorders is the rule. The findings suggest that databases disclosing a relationship between panic disorder and suicidality merit, where possible, reanalysis directed at controlling for the effect of social phobia.

  13. A Rare Prostatic Diagnosis of an Old Man: A Pure Prostatic Leiomyoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. M. van Ulden-Bleumink

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A pure leiomyoma of the prostate is a rare benign tumor. An 82-year-old man was referred to our urology department with gross hematuria and complete urinary retention. Examination revealed a benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transrectal ultrasound showed a prostate of 125 mL. Serum PSA was 1.9 µg/L. A simple retropubic prostatectomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed a pure leiomyoma of the prostate, without the presence of glandular prostate tissue. The diagnosis, characteristics, and treatment of this tumor are described.

  14. GC-MS profiling, descriptive sensory analysis, and consumer acceptance of Costa Rican papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit purees.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lieb, Veronika M; Esquivel, Patricia; Cubero Castillo, Elba; Carle, Reinhold; Steingass, Christof B

    2018-05-15

    Volatiles of papaya purees from four Costa Rican cultivars were analysed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 83 volatiles was assigned in the purees, of which 19 were detected for the first time as papaya constituents. As revealed by multivariate statistics, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the purees may be allocated to terpene- and lactone-rich ('SH-5'), ester-containing ('Criolla'), and intermediate chemotypes ('Pococí' and 'Silvestre'). Descriptive sensory analysis and a consumer acceptance test were additionally performed. Floral, fruity, and honey-like notes were perceived at significantly higher intensities in 'SH-5' puree. The latter descriptors strongly correlated with volatiles discriminating 'SH-5' in the PCA and PLS-DA, respectively. Consumer acceptance of the papaya purees differed significantly. 'Pococí' and 'SH-5' purees appear to be suitable for improving the nutritional value of blended fruit juices without impairing their sensory quality. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Measurements of gaseous multiplication coefficient in pure isobutane

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lima, Iara Batista de

    2010-01-01

    In this work it is presented measurements of gaseous multiplication coefficient (α) in pure isobutane obtained with a parallel plate chamber, protected against discharges by one electrode (anode) of high resistivity glass (ρ = 2 x 10 12 Ω.cm). The method applied was the Pulsed Townsend, where the primary ionization is produced through the incidence of a nitrogen laser beam onto a metallic electrode (cathode). The electric currents measured with the chamber operating in both ionization and avalanche regimes were used to calculate the gaseous multiplication coefficient by the solution of the Townsend equation for uniform electric fields. The validation of the technique was provided by the measurements of gaseous multiplication coefficient in pure nitrogen, a widely studied gas, which has well-established data in literature. The α coefficients in isobutane were measured as a function of the reduced electric field in the range of 139Td up to 208Td. The obtained values were compared with those simulated by Imonte software (version 4.5) and the only experimental results available in the literature, recently obtained in our group. This comparison showed that the results are concordant within the experimental errors. (author)

  16. Purely elastic scattering theories and their ultraviolet limits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klassen, T.R.; Chicago Univ., IL; Melzer, E.

    1990-01-01

    We use the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz to find the finite-size corrections to the ground-state energy in an arbitrary (1+1)-dimensional purely elastic scattering theory. The leading finite-size effects are characterized by tilde c=c-12d 0 , where c and d 0 are the central charge and the lowest scaling dimension, respectively, of the (possibly nonunitary) CFT describing the ultraviolet limit of the massive scattering theory. After presenting the purely elastic S-matrix theories that emerged in recent discussions of perturbed CFTs, we calculate their finite-size scaling coefficient tilde c. Our results show that the UV limits of the 'minimal' S-matrix theories are the unperturbed CFTs in question. On the other hand, the S-matrices which have been suggested to describe affine Toda field theories, differing from the minimal S-matrices by coupling-dependent factors, are seen to have free bosonic CFTs as their UV limits. We also discuss some interesting properties of tilde c. In particular, we suggest that tilde c is a measure of the number of degrees of freedom of an arbitrary two-dimensional CFT. (orig.)

  17. About the elaboration of pure uranium dicarbide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Besson, J.; Blum, P.; Guinet, Ph.; Spitz, J.

    1963-01-01

    In order to develop methods for the elaboration of as pure as possible uranium dicarbide, the authors report the study of different elaboration processes based on the reaction between uranium and carbon, or between uranium and hydrocarbon, or between uranium oxide and carbon. They finally choose a method which comprises an arc-induced fusion of a mixture of uranium dioxide and carbon. The fusion process is described. The influence of thermal treatments is discussed as well as the graphite electrode carburization

  18. Good Manufacturing Practices and Microbial Contamination Sources in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Puree Processing Plant in Kenya.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Malavi, Derick Nyabera; Muzhingi, Tawanda; Abong', George Ooko

    2018-01-01

    Limited information exists on the status of hygiene and probable sources of microbial contamination in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) puree processing. The current study is aimed at determining the level of compliance to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), hygiene, and microbial quality in OFSP puree processing plant in Kenya. Intensive observation and interviews using a structured GMPs checklist, environmental sampling, and microbial analysis by standard microbiological methods were used in data collection. The results indicated low level of compliance to GMPs with an overall compliance score of 58%. Microbial counts on food equipment surfaces, installations, and personnel hands and in packaged OFSP puree were above the recommended microbial safety and quality legal limits. Steaming significantly ( P contamination. Total counts, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, and E. coli and S. aureus counts in OFSP puree were 8.0, 4.0, 6.6, 5.8, 4.8, and 5.9 log 10 cfu/g, respectively. In conclusion, equipment surfaces, personnel hands, and processing water were major sources of contamination in OFSP puree processing and handling. Plant hygiene inspection, environmental monitoring, and food safety trainings are recommended to improve hygiene, microbial quality, and safety of OFSP puree.

  19. Good Manufacturing Practices and Microbial Contamination Sources in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Puree Processing Plant in Kenya

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abong', George Ooko

    2018-01-01

    Limited information exists on the status of hygiene and probable sources of microbial contamination in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) puree processing. The current study is aimed at determining the level of compliance to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), hygiene, and microbial quality in OFSP puree processing plant in Kenya. Intensive observation and interviews using a structured GMPs checklist, environmental sampling, and microbial analysis by standard microbiological methods were used in data collection. The results indicated low level of compliance to GMPs with an overall compliance score of 58%. Microbial counts on food equipment surfaces, installations, and personnel hands and in packaged OFSP puree were above the recommended microbial safety and quality legal limits. Steaming significantly (P contamination. Total counts, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, and E. coli and S. aureus counts in OFSP puree were 8.0, 4.0, 6.6, 5.8, 4.8, and 5.9 log10 cfu/g, respectively. In conclusion, equipment surfaces, personnel hands, and processing water were major sources of contamination in OFSP puree processing and handling. Plant hygiene inspection, environmental monitoring, and food safety trainings are recommended to improve hygiene, microbial quality, and safety of OFSP puree. PMID:29808161

  20. Mechanical design and fabrication of pure-permanent magnet undulator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chouksey, Sanjay; Vinit Kumar; Abhay Kumar; Krishnagopal, Srinivas

    2003-01-01

    A 50 mm period, 2.5 m long (50 periods), pure permanent magnet, variable gap undulator using NdFeB magnets is being built in two sections, each 1.25 m long. We present details of the mechanical design, fabrication experience, assembly and inspection of the undulator. (author)

  1. XPS studies of the oxide formed on pure Ti

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cremery, P.; David, D.; Beranger, G.; Oviedo, C.; Garcia, E.A.

    1980-01-01

    The XPS technique was used to study titanium samples oxidized at 200 ton of pure oxigen at different times and temperatures with the aim of producing variable oxide thicknesses. The thicknesses of different oxigen layers were determined by the nuclear reaction O 16 (d,p) O 17 *. (author) [pt

  2. Determinación de esteroles y dialcoholes triterpénicos en aceite de oliva mediante separación de la fracción por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia y análisis por cromatografía de gases. Estandarización del método analítico.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cert, Arturo

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available A method is developed for the analysis of sterols together with triterpenic alcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol in vegetable oils. The method involves obtention of the unsaponifiable matter, isocratic HPLC separation with refractive index detector, preparation of silylderivatives, and analysis by capillary GC. Four procedures involving GC analysis of sterol and sterol+dialcohol fractions obtained by HPLC and CCF separations are compared. A collaborative trial comparing HPLC-sterols+dialcohols and CCF-sterols (official methods is carried out. For Δ7-sterols, higher values and better repeatability and reproducibility were observed in the first method, but no differences for the remainder sterols were found. The erythrodiol+uvaol determinations by HPLC-sterols+dialcohols and CCF-sterols+dialcohols (official methods resulted in similar precision.

    Se presenta un método para la determinación conjunta de esteróles y dialcoholes triterpénicos (eritrodiol y uvaol en aceites de oliva que consta de las etapas siguientes: obtención del insaponificable, fraccionamiento mediante cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (CLAE en régimen isocrático con detector de índice de refracción, preparación de derivados sililados y análisis por cromatografía de gases en columna capilar. Se comparan cuatro procedimientos que utilizan el análisis por cromatografía de gases de las fracciones de esteroles y de esteroles + dialcoholes obtenidas tanto por CLAE como por CCF. Se lleva a cabo un análisis colaborativo para la determinación de esteroles comparando los métodos CLAE-esteroles+dialcoholes y CCFesteroles (método oficial. Los resultados mostraron que por el primer procedimiento la determinación de Δ7-esteroles se realiza con mayor repetibilidad y reproducibilidad, aunque los valores resultantes son más altos. No se encontraron diferencias en los parámetros de precisión ni en los valores de los restantes esteroles. Las determinaciones de

  3. AgraPure Mississippi Biomass Project

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blackwell,D.A; Broadhead, L.W.; Harrell, W.J.

    2006-03-31

    The AgraPure Mississippi Biomass project was a congressionally directed project, initiated to study the utilization of Mississippi agricultural byproducts and waste products in the production of bio-energy and to determine the feasibility of commercialization of these agricultural byproducts and waste products as feedstocks in the production of energy. The final products from this project were two business plans; one for a Thermal plant, and one for a Biodiesel/Ethanol plant. Agricultural waste fired steam and electrical generating plants and biodiesel plants were deemed the best prospects for developing commercially viable industries. Additionally, oil extraction methods were studied, both traditional and two novel techniques, and incorporated into the development plans. Mississippi produced crop and animal waste biomasses were analyzed for use as raw materials for both industries. The relevant factors, availability, costs, transportation, storage, location, and energetic value criteria were considered. Since feedstock accounts for more than 70 percent of the total cost of producing biodiesel, any local advantages are considered extremely important in developing this particular industry. The same factors must be evaluated in assessing the prospects of commercial operation of a steam and electrical generation plant. Additionally, the access to the markets for electricity is more limited, regulated and tightly controlled than the liquid fuel markets. Domestically produced biofuels, both biodiesel and ethanol, are gaining more attention and popularity with the consuming public as prices rise and supplies of foreign crude become less secure. Biodiesel requires no major modifications to existing diesel engines or supply chain and offers significant environmental benefits. Currently the biodiesel industry requires Federal and State incentives to allow the industry to develop and become self-sustaining. Mississippi has available the necessary feedstocks and is

  4. Purely absolutely continuous spectrum for almost Mathieu operators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chulaevsky, V.; Delyon, F.

    1989-01-01

    Using a recent result of Sinai, the authors prove that the almost Mathieu operators acting on l 2 (Z), (H αλ Psi)(n) = Ψ(n + 1) + Ψ(n - 1) + λ cos(ωn + α) Ψ(n), have a purely absolutely continuous spectrum for almost all α provided that ω is a good irrational and λ is sufficiently small. Furthermore, the generalized eigenfunctions are quasiperiodic

  5. Capacitance evolution of electrochemical capacitors with tailored nanoporous electrodes in pure and dissolved ionic liquids

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mysyk, R.; Raymundo-Pinero, E. [CRMD, CNRS/University, Orleans (France); Ruiz, V.; Santamaria, R. [Instituto Nacional del Carbon (CSIC), Oviedo (Spain); Beguin, F.

    2010-10-15

    A homologous series of ionic liquids (IL) with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations of different lengths of alkyl chain was used to study the effect of cation size on the capacitive response of two carbons with a tailored pore size distribution. The results reveal a clear ion-sieving effect in pure ILs, while the effect is heavily mitigated for the same salts used in solution, most likely due to somewhat stronger geometrical flexibility of dissolved ions. For the electrode material showing the ion-sieving effect in solution, the gravimetric capacitance values are higher than in pure ILs. The dissimilarity of capacitance values between pure and dissolved ILs with ion-sieving carbons highlights their respective advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy density: whereas pure ILs can potentially provide a larger working voltage window, the corresponding dissolved salts can access smaller pores, mostly contributing to higher capacitance values. (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  6. On a Canonical Quantization of 3D Anti de Sitter Pure Gravity

    CERN Document Server

    Kim, Jihun

    2015-10-14

    We perform a canonical quantization of pure gravity on AdS3 using as a technical tool its equivalence at the classical level with a Chern-Simons theory with gauge group SL(2,R)xSL(2,R). We first quantize the theory canonically on an asymptotically AdS space --which is topologically the real line times a Riemann surface with one connected boundary. Using the "constrain first" approach we reduce canonical quantization to quantization of orbits of the Virasoro group and Kaehler quantization of Teichmuller space. After explicitly computing the Kaehler form for the torus with one boundary component and after extending that result to higher genus, we recover known results, such as that wave functions of SL(2,R) Chern-Simons theory are conformal blocks. We find new restrictions on the Hilbert space of pure gravity by imposing invariance under large diffeomorphisms and normalizability of the wave function. The Hilbert space of pure gravity is shown to be the target space of Conformal Field Theories with continuous sp...

  7. Hardness and microstructure homogeneity of pure copper processed by accumulative back extrusion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bazaz, B.; Zarei-Hanzaki, A.; Fatemi-Varzaneh, S.M.

    2013-01-01

    The present work deals with the microstructure evolution of a pure copper processed by a new severe plastic deformation method. A set of pure copper (99.99%) work-pieces with coarse-grained microstructures was processed by accumulative back extrusion (ABE) method at room temperature. The optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness measurements were utilized to study the microstructural evolution and hardness homogeneity. The results indicated that ABE is a capable process to provide a homogenous grain refined microstructure in pure copper. The observed grain refinement was discussed relying on the occurrence of dynamic restoration processes. The analysis of microstructure and hardness showed outstanding homogeneity improvement throughout the work-pieces as the consecutive ABE passes were applied. The homogeneity improvement was attributed to the propagation of the shear bands and also the heavily deformed regions. A reversing route was also applied in the ABE processing to investigate its effect on the development of microstructural homogeneity. Comparing to the conventional route, the application of the reversing route was found to yield better homogeneity after less passes of the process.

  8. Selective Laser Melting of Pure Copper

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ikeshoji, Toshi-Taka; Nakamura, Kazuya; Yonehara, Makiko; Imai, Ken; Kyogoku, Hideki

    2018-03-01

    Appropriate building parameters for selective laser melting of 99.9% pure copper powder were investigated at relatively high laser power of 800 W for hatch pitch in the range from 0.025 mm to 0.12 mm. The highest relative density of the built material was 99.6%, obtained at hatch pitch of 0.10 mm. Building conditions were also studied using transient heat analysis in finite element modeling of the liquidation and solidification of the powder layer. The estimated melt pool length and width were comparable to values obtained by observations using a thermoviewer. The trend for the melt pool width versus the hatch pitch agreed with experimental values.

  9. Note: A pure-sampling quantum Monte Carlo algorithm with independent Metropolis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vrbik, Jan [Department of Mathematics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 (Canada); Ospadov, Egor; Rothstein, Stuart M., E-mail: srothstein@brocku.ca [Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 (Canada)

    2016-07-14

    Recently, Ospadov and Rothstein published a pure-sampling quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (PSQMC) that features an auxiliary Path Z that connects the midpoints of the current and proposed Paths X and Y, respectively. When sufficiently long, Path Z provides statistical independence of Paths X and Y. Under those conditions, the Metropolis decision used in PSQMC is done without any approximation, i.e., not requiring microscopic reversibility and without having to introduce any G(x → x′; τ) factors into its decision function. This is a unique feature that contrasts with all competing reptation algorithms in the literature. An example illustrates that dependence of Paths X and Y has adverse consequences for pure sampling.

  10. Note: A pure-sampling quantum Monte Carlo algorithm with independent Metropolis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vrbik, Jan; Ospadov, Egor; Rothstein, Stuart M.

    2016-01-01

    Recently, Ospadov and Rothstein published a pure-sampling quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (PSQMC) that features an auxiliary Path Z that connects the midpoints of the current and proposed Paths X and Y, respectively. When sufficiently long, Path Z provides statistical independence of Paths X and Y. Under those conditions, the Metropolis decision used in PSQMC is done without any approximation, i.e., not requiring microscopic reversibility and without having to introduce any G(x → x′; τ) factors into its decision function. This is a unique feature that contrasts with all competing reptation algorithms in the literature. An example illustrates that dependence of Paths X and Y has adverse consequences for pure sampling.

  11. Una aproximación holística a la determinación y gestión de precios en las compañías hoteleras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario del Carmen Martín Samper

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se propone un doble objetivo: por una parte, identificar los factores que intervienen en la determinación de las tarifas hoteleras y, por otra, analizar los procedimientos utilizados para la gestión de los mismos. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso longitudinal en un establecimiento hotelero perteneciente a una prestigiosa cadena española con fuerte presencia a nivel internacional. Como resultado, los autores han identificado que los principales factores que influyen en las decisiones de precio en la empresa hotelera son el nivel de demanda, las percepciones de los clientes y las actuaciones de la competencia. El escaso coste marginal del servicio de alojamiento origina que el coste, ante niveles de demanda considerados normales, no incida de forma significativa, aunque pasa a ser un factor clave en la política de descuentos cuando la demanda se encuentra en recesión. En cuanto a los procedimientos de gestión empleados, se destacan los cuestionarios de calidad, los procesos de negociación con las cuentas claves y los sistemas Yield Management, cuyas potencialidades y limitaciones han sido descritas en el trabajo.

  12. Morphopathological and immunohistochemical features of a pure mucinous breast carcinoma – Case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aschie Mariana

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Pure mucinous carcinoma is a rare special type of breast carcinoma with a 2% incidence and it is usualy asociated with a good prognosis. It must distingished from the mixed subtype of mucinos breast carcinoma, which has an invasive non-mucinous component in more than 10% of the tumor and change the favourable outcome of the first subtype. In this report we present a case of a premenopausal woman with a lump in right breast wich histopathologically proved to be a pure mucinous carcinoma associated with high grade ductal carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical and ancillary studies demonstrate a great heterogeneity of the neoplastic cells, with different molecular profile for each component of the tumor. The presence of ductal carcinoma in situ with a different imunophenotype from pure mucinous carcinoma rise the ipothesis of a different tumor cell biology which may change clincal evolution.

  13. Statistical relation between particle contaminations in ultra pure water and defects generated by process tools

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wali, F.; Knotter, D. Martin; Wortelboer, Ronald; Mud, Auke

    2007-01-01

    Ultra pure water supplied inside the Fab is used in different tools at different stages of processing. Data of the particles measured in ultra pure water was compared with the defect density on wafers processed on these tools and a statistical relation is found Keywords— Yield, defect density,

  14. OUT-OF-BODY EXPERIENCE, PURE BEING AND METAPHYSICS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. V. Karivets

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. The author will show that metaphysical concepts and the concepts of empirical sciences derive from experience. The only difference is that metaphysical concepts derive from unusual experience, i.e. out-of-body experience, while empirical sciences – from usual one. The example set metaphysical concept of pure being. Methodology. In order to obtain this goal the author uses two methods. The first one is comparative method. With the help of this method the stories of men who experienced clinical death and returned to life are compared with the famous philosophers’ metaphysical statements (Plato, Descartes, and Bonaventura. The second one is transpersonal method. It helps to study the peculiarities of the extraordinary experience in the state of clinical death or mystical ecstasy. Such experience lies in experience of transcendence, pure being as light, ultimate awareness of truth, which are identical to the metaphysical statements of philosophers and mystics. These ultimate experiences belong to different people, who lived and grown in different cultures, but nevertheless metaphysical statements of philosophers or mystics and statements of the ordinary people who experienced clinical death are the same. Therefore we can say that out-of-body experience is transpersonal. Originality. Metaphysics is neither speculative nor withdrawn from experience of a human being sphere. It arises from out-of-body experience while empirical sciences – from usual experience. Therefore, metaphysical concepts, in particular, pure being, are empirical, because they are based also on (extraordinary experience. In general, metaphysics becomes possible on the basis of out-of-body experience. Conclusions. In this article the author argues that the concepts of metaphysics are not a priori because they originate from out-of-body experience that is from the experience of the distinction between body and soul or body and mind. As a result of such experience

  15. Feasibility of purely endoscopic intramedullary fixation of mandibular condyle fractures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frake, Paul C; Goodman, Joseph F; Joshi, Arjun S

    2015-01-01

    The investigators of this study hypothesized that fractures of the mandibular condyle can be repaired using short-segment intramedullary implants and purely endoscopic surgical technique, using a basic science, human cadaver model in an academic center. Endoscopic instrumentation was used through a transoral mucosal incision to place intramedullary implants of 2 cm in length into osteotomized mandibular condyles. The surgical maneuvers that required to insert these implants, including condyle positioning, reaming, implant insertion, and seating of the mandibular ramus, are described herein. Primary outcome was considered as successful completion of the procedure. Ten cadaveric mandibular condyles were successfully repaired with rigid intramedullary internal fixation without the use of external incisions. Both insertion of a peg-type implant and screwing a threaded implant into the condylar head were possible. The inferior portion of the implant remained exposed, and the ramus of the mandible was manipulated into position on the implant using retraction at the sigmoid notch. The results of this study suggest that purely endoscopic repair of fractures of the mandibular condyle is possible by using short-segment intramedullary titanium implants and a transoral endoscopic approach without the need for facial incisions or punctures. The biomechanical advantages of these intramedullary implants, including improved strength and resistance to mechanical failure compared with miniplates, have been recently established. The combination of improved implant design and purely endoscopic technique may allow for improved fixation and reduced surgical- and implant-related morbidity in the treatment of condylar fractures.

  16. Growth and characterization of gel grown pure and mixed iron ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    is to grow pure and mixed iron (II)–manganese levo-tartrate crystals by the single diffusion gel growth technique and characterize them by several methods. 2. ... also attracted several researchers to grow different crystals for various ...

  17. Hygienic quality of traditional processing and stability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree in Togo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ameyapoh, Yaovi; de Souza, Comlan; Traore, Alfred S

    2008-09-01

    Microbiological and physicochemical qualities of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree production line (ripe tomato, washing, cutting, pounding, bleaching, straining, bottling and pasteurization) and its preservation in Togo, West Africa, were studied using the HACCP method. Samples generated during the steps described previously were analyzed by determining sensory, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Samples were analyzed using MPN for coliform populations and plate count methodology for other bacteria. The microorganisms involved in spoilage of the opened products were moulds of genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mucor and gram-positive Bacillus bacteria. The preserved tomato puree exhibited a pH value of 4.3, 90% water content, 0.98 water activity (aw) and an average ascorbic acid level of 27.3mg/100g. Results showed that the critical control point (CCP) of this tomato puree processing line is the pasteurization stage. The analysis of selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the preservation of bottled tomato puree indicated that this product was stable over 22 months at 29 degrees C. But the stability of the opened product stored at 29 degrees C did not exceed two months.

  18. Control aspects of quantum computing using pure and mixed states.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulte-Herbrüggen, Thomas; Marx, Raimund; Fahmy, Amr; Kauffman, Louis; Lomonaco, Samuel; Khaneja, Navin; Glaser, Steffen J

    2012-10-13

    Steering quantum dynamics such that the target states solve classically hard problems is paramount to quantum simulation and computation. And beyond, quantum control is also essential to pave the way to quantum technologies. Here, important control techniques are reviewed and presented in a unified frame covering quantum computational gate synthesis and spectroscopic state transfer alike. We emphasize that it does not matter whether the quantum states of interest are pure or not. While pure states underly the design of quantum circuits, ensemble mixtures of quantum states can be exploited in a more recent class of algorithms: it is illustrated by characterizing the Jones polynomial in order to distinguish between different (classes of) knots. Further applications include Josephson elements, cavity grids, ion traps and nitrogen vacancy centres in scenarios of closed as well as open quantum systems.

  19. Control aspects of quantum computing using pure and mixed states

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulte-Herbrüggen, Thomas; Marx, Raimund; Fahmy, Amr; Kauffman, Louis; Lomonaco, Samuel; Khaneja, Navin; Glaser, Steffen J.

    2012-01-01

    Steering quantum dynamics such that the target states solve classically hard problems is paramount to quantum simulation and computation. And beyond, quantum control is also essential to pave the way to quantum technologies. Here, important control techniques are reviewed and presented in a unified frame covering quantum computational gate synthesis and spectroscopic state transfer alike. We emphasize that it does not matter whether the quantum states of interest are pure or not. While pure states underly the design of quantum circuits, ensemble mixtures of quantum states can be exploited in a more recent class of algorithms: it is illustrated by characterizing the Jones polynomial in order to distinguish between different (classes of) knots. Further applications include Josephson elements, cavity grids, ion traps and nitrogen vacancy centres in scenarios of closed as well as open quantum systems. PMID:22946034

  20. Buchdahl compactness limit for a pure Lovelock static fluid star

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dadhich, Naresh; Chakraborty, Sumanta

    2017-03-01

    We obtain the Buchdahl compactness limit for a pure Lovelock static fluid star and verify that the limit following from the uniform-density Schwarzschild's interior solution, which is universal irrespective of the gravitational theory (Einstein or Lovelock), is true in general. In terms of surface potential Φ (r ) , it means at the surface of the star r =r0, Φ (r0)Lovelock order, respectively. For a given N , Φ (r0) is maximum for d =2 N +2 , while it is always 4 /9 , Buchdahl's limit, for d =3 N +1 . It is also remarkable that for N =1 Einstein gravity, or for pure Lovelock in d =3 N +1 , Buchdahl's limit is equivalent to the criterion that gravitational field energy exterior to the star must be less than half its gravitational mass, having no reference to the interior at all.

  1. Annealing Effect on Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al Alloy/Pure Ti Harmonic-Structured Composite by MM/SPS Process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshida, R; Tsuda, T; Fujiwara, H; Miyamoto, H; Ameyama, K

    2014-01-01

    The Ti-Al alloy/pure Ti harmonic-structured composite was produced by mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering process for improvement of low ductility at room temperature of Ti-Al alloy. The harmonic-structured composite with the dispersed area having coarse grained titanium and the network area having fine-grained Ti-48mol%Al alloy demonstrates high strength and high ductility at room temperature. The annealing effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties in the Ti-Al alloy/pure Ti harmonic-structured composite are investigated. The microstructure of the Ti-Al alloy/pure Ti harmonic-structured composite annealed at 873 K, 973 K and 1073 K are maintained the Ti-Al network structure and pure Ti dispersed regions, the average grain size of pure Ti dispersed region is only coarsen by annealing. The harmonic-structured composite annealed at 873 K, 973 K and 1073 K are maintained the high hardness. The tensile results reveal that the Ti-Al alloy/pure Ti harmonic- structured composite annealed at 873 K exhibits high strength and especially high ductility

  2. Method of convex rigid frames and applications in studies of multipartite quNit pure states

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhong Zaizhe

    2005-01-01

    In this letter, we suggest a method of convex rigid frames in the studies of multipartite quNit pure states. We illustrate what the convex rigid frames are, and what is their method. As applications, we use this method to solve some basic problems and give some new results (three theorems): the problem of the partial separability of the multipartite quNit pure states and its geometric explanation; the problem of the classification of multipartite quNit pure states, giving a perfect explanation of the local unitary transformations; thirdly, we discuss the invariants of classes and give a possible physical explanation. (letter to the editor)

  3. Effect of sterilization process on surface characteristics and biocompatibility of pure Mg and MgCa alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, X.L.; Zhou, W.R.; Wu, Y.H.; Cheng, Y.; Zheng, Y.F.

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of various sterilization methods on surface characteristics and biocompatibility of MgCa alloy, with pure Mg as a comparison, including steam autoclave sterilization (SA), ethylene oxide steam sterilization (EO), glutaraldehyde sterilization (GD), dry heat sterilization (DH) and Co60 γ ray radiation sterilization (R) technologies. The surface characterizations were performed by environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, water contact angle and surface free energy measurement, whereas the cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility were evaluated by cellular adhesive experiment, platelet adhesion and hemolysis test. The results showed that the five sterilization processes caused more changes on the surface of MgCa alloy than that on the surface of pure Mg. The GD sterilization caused the most obvious changes on the surface of the pure Mg, and the SA sterilization made the largest alteration on the MgCa alloy surface. The GD and DH sterilization processes could cause increases on surface free energy for both pure Mg and MgCa alloys, while the other three sterilization processes reduced the surface free energy. The DH and GD sterilization processes caused the least alteration on the cell adhesion on pure Mg surface, whereas the EO sterilization performed the greatest impact on the cell adhesion on the Mg–Ca alloy surface. The hemolysis percentage of pure Mg and MgCa alloys were reduced by SA sterilization, meanwhile the other four sterilization processes increased their hemolysis percentages significantly, especially for the EO sterilization. - Highlights: • The effect of sterilization on surface chemistry and biocompatibility was studied. • Sterilization caused more surface changes on MgCa alloy than pure Mg. • Co60 γ ray radiation is the most appropriate sterilization process

  4. Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: Part of image background acting as pure noise

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baath, M.; Haakansson, M.; Boerjesson, S.; Kheddache, S.; Grahn, A.; Bochud, F. O.; Verdun, F. R.; Maansson, L. G.

    2005-01-01

    There are several factors that influence the radiologist's ability to detect a specific structure/lesion in a radiograph. Three factors that are commonly known to be of major importance are the signal itself, the system noise and the projected anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the image background acts as pure noise for the detection of subtle lung nodules in five different regions of the chest. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study with five observers was conducted on two different sets of images, clinical chest X-ray images and images with a similar power spectrum as the clinical images but with a random phase spectrum, resulting in an image background containing pure noise. Simulated designer nodules with a full-width-at-fifth-maximum of 10 mm but with varying contrasts were added to the images. As a measure of the part of the image background that acts as pure noise, the ratio between the contrast needed to obtain an area under the ROC curve of 0.80 in the clinical images to that in the random-phase images was used. The ratio ranged from 0.40 (in the lateral pulmonary regions) to 0.83 (in the hilar regions) indicating that there was a large difference between different regions regarding to what extent the image background acted as pure noise; and that in the hilar regions the image background almost completely acted as pure noise for the detection of 10 mm nodules. (authors)

  5. Exact effective actions for quarks in pure and self-dual mean fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elizalde, E.; Soto, J.

    1985-01-01

    The QCD effective action for ordinary quarks in the presence of a constant self-dual, pure colormagnetic or pure color-electric background created by themselves is calculated at all loop orders. This is done in a very simple way, by using zeta-function regularization and the fact that the dependence of the effective action on the background can be factorized in these three cases, leaving a well-defined constant factor. The zero mode problem and the imaginary contributions are seen to be mere one-loop artifacts which automatically vanish when the exact calculation is carried out. (orig.)

  6. Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated with Good Syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Masayuki Okui

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA and hypogammaglobulinemia are paraneoplastic syndromes that are rarer than myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma. Good syndrome coexisting with PRCA is an extremely rare pathology. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with thymoma and PRCA associated with Good syndrome who achieved complete PRCA remission after thymectomy and postoperative immunosuppressive therapy, and provide a review of the pertinent literature.

  7. Microstructural and mechanical properties of pure aluminum, 5083 and 7075 alloys joined by friction stir welding

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yilmaz, Selim Sarper [Celal Bayar Univ., Manisa, Muradiye (Turkey)

    2012-07-01

    In this study, microstructural and mechanical properties of pure aluminum, 5083 and 7075 alloys joined by friction stir welding were investigated. Hardness, tensile, bending and impact tests were applied to the welded samples. In addition, optical and SEM tests were carried out. The effects of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in these materials. Then, the optimal conditions for friction stir welding were determined for pure aluminum, 5083 and 7075 alloys. The maximum hardness was observed for 7075 while the minimum hardness was observed for pure aluminum. (orig.)

  8. Pure Play vs. Bricks-and-Clicks: Who Reaps the Benefits of Virtual Retailing?

    OpenAIRE

    Youlong Zhuang; Albert L. Lederer

    2006-01-01

    Pure play and bricks-and-clicks represent today’s two major retailing models. The current study answers four questions comparing the two models in terms of the e-commerce benefits achieved and information systems management practices used to achieve them. It applies a Web-based survey to compare 69 pure plays to 348 bricks-and-clicks retailers in terms of the market expansion, customer service, back-end efficiency, inventory management, and cost reduction benefits reaped, as well as in term...

  9. Pure spinors as auxiliary fields in the ten-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nilsson, B.E.W.

    1986-01-01

    A new way of introducing auxiliary fields into the ten-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is proposed. The auxiliary fields are commuting 'pure spinors' and constitute a non-linear realisation of the Lorentz group. This invalidates previous no-go theorems concerning the possibility of going off-shell in this theory. There seems to be a close relation between pure spinors and the concepts usually used in twistor theory. The non-Abelian theory can be constructed for all groups having pseudo-real representations. (author)

  10. Flow modelling of a newtonian fluid by two regions- the region of pure fluid and porous region

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sampaio, R.; Gama, R.M.S. da

    1983-01-01

    A model of flow with two regions is presented using mixture theory. One region contains only pure fluid and the other a mixture of fluid and porous rigid solid. Compatibility conditons on the pure fluid-mixture interface are carefully discussed. The theory is used to solve a problem of a flow induced by pressure gradient and helicoidal motion of an impermeable cylinder on two rings one of pure fluid and another of mixture. (Author) [pt

  11. Determinación del comportamiento bajo cargas concentradas de perfiles de lámina delgada ( MM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maritzabel Molina Herrera

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available En el campo de la lámina delgada continuamente aparecen nuevos tipos de perfiles que son desarrollados con el objeto de mejorar los ya existentes. Un ejemplo de esto es la aparición del perfil M, elaborado para melorar la eficiencia a corte del perfil C y su resistencia al arrugamiento del alma por efecto de cargas concentradas. Teóricamente, se logra el objetivo de mejorar la resistencia a corte del perfil C y de algún modo su resistencia al arrugamiento del alma, pero debido a los dobleces generados en el alma (rigidizadores intermedios para acortar la longitud de pandeo, se producen comportamientos que desde el punto de vista de esfuerzos por flexión y deflexiones no pueden ser analizados con los fundamentos teóricos de la mecánica tradicional. Este comporta- miento se ve acentuado con la presencia de cargas concentradas. Por la razón expuesta anteriormente, a parte de la determinación de la resistencia teórica del perfil M (basada en el AISI 1996, se desarrollan pruebas sobre cuatro modelos de los que se obtienen tópicos como: carga máxima resistida, identificación visual del posible tipo de falla, deflexiones (centro de la luz y deformaciones unitarias (x, y, xy, y adicionalmente se elaboran modelos matemáticos simplificados y por elementos finitos (en el programa COSMOS/M, con el fin de hacer una revisión detallada del comportamiento de los esfuerzos y deformaciones en el perfil. La calibración de estos modelos se lleva a cabo con base en los resultados obtenidos de los ensayos. De otra parte, se hacen pruebas cíclicas balo cargas pseudoestáticas, con el objeto de estudiar el comportamiento histerético del perfil MM, con y sin rigidizadores.

  12. Heat engine driven by purely quantum information

    OpenAIRE

    Park, Jung Jun; Kim, Kang-Hwan; Sagawa, Takahiro; Kim, Sang Wook

    2013-01-01

    The key question of this paper is whether work can be extracted from a heat engine by using purely quantum mechanical information. If the answer is yes, what is its mathematical formula? First, by using a bipartite memory we show that the work extractable from a heat engine is bounded not only by the free energy change and the sum of the entropy change of an individual memory but also by the change of quantum mutual information contained inside the memory. We then find that the engine can be ...

  13. Synthesis of highly phase pure BSCCO superconductors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dorris, S.E.; Poeppel, R.B.; Prorok, B.C.; Lanagan, M.T.; Maroni, V.A.

    1995-11-21

    An article and method of manufacture (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor are disclosed. The superconductor is manufactured by preparing a first powdered mixture of bismuth oxide, lead oxide, strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate and copper oxide. A second powdered mixture is then prepared of strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate and copper oxide. The mixtures are calcined separately with the two mixtures then combined. The resulting combined mixture is then subjected to a powder in tube deformation and thermal processing to produce a substantially phase pure (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor. 5 figs.

  14. Characteristics of a pure-state ambiguity function

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Praxmeyer, Ludmila; Vitanov, Nikolay; Stenholm, Stig

    2009-01-01

    We present the necessary and sufficient condition for a square integrable function on R 2N to be an ambiguity function corresponding to a square integrable function on R N . This condition has the form of an integral equation. We also list some easier to check necessary conditions that must be fulfilled by a function that is an ambiguity function of a pure state. We show how to construct a wavefunction corresponding to a given ambiguity function and we present examples of how our formal results can be used in practice.

  15. Preparation of a pure molecular quantum gas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Herbig, Jens; Kraemer, Tobias; Mark, Michael; Weber, Tino; Chin, Cheng; Nägerl, Hanns-Christoph; Grimm, Rudolf

    2003-09-12

    An ultracold molecular quantum gas is created by application of a magnetic field sweep across a Feshbach resonance to a Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms. The ability to separate the molecules from the atoms permits direct imaging of the pure molecular sample. Magnetic levitation enables study of the dynamics of the ensemble on extended time scales. We measured ultralow expansion energies in the range of a few nanokelvin for a sample of 3000 molecules. Our observations are consistent with the presence of a macroscopic molecular matter wave.

  16. Radial and axial compression of pure electron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Y.; Soga, Y.; Mihara, Y.; Takeda, M.; Kamada, K.

    2013-01-01

    Experimental studies are carried out on compression of the density distribution of a pure electron plasma confined in a Malmberg-Penning Trap in Kanazawa University. More than six times increase of the on-axis density is observed under application of an external rotating electric field that couples to low-order Trivelpiece-Gould modes. Axial compression of the density distribution with the axial length of a factor of two is achieved by controlling the confining potential at both ends of the plasma. Substantial increase of the axial kinetic energy is observed during the axial compression. (author)

  17. Pure phase decoherence in a ring geometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu, Z.; Aharony, A.; Entin-Wohlman, O.; Stamp, P. C. E.

    2010-01-01

    We study the dynamics of pure phase decoherence for a particle hopping around an N-site ring, coupled both to a spin bath and to an Aharonov-Bohm flux which threads the ring. Analytic results are found for the dynamics of the influence functional and of the reduced density matrix of the particle, both for initial single wave-packet states, and for states split initially into two separate wave packets moving at different velocities. We also give results for the dynamics of the current as a function of time.

  18. Preattentive cortical-evoked responses to pure tones, harmonic tones, and speech: influence of music training.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nikjeh, Dee A; Lister, Jennifer J; Frisch, Stefan A

    2009-08-01

    Cortical auditory evoked potentials, including mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a to pure tones, harmonic complexes, and speech syllables, were examined across groups of trained musicians and nonmusicians. Because of the extensive formal and informal auditory training received by musicians throughout their lifespan, it was predicted that these electrophysiological indicators of preattentive pitch discrimination and involuntary attention change would distinguish musicians from nonmusicians and provide insight regarding the influence of auditory training and experience on central auditory function. A total of 102 (67 trained musicians, 35 nonmusicians) right-handed young women with normal hearing participated in three auditory stimulus conditions: pure tones (25 musicians/15 nonmusicians), harmonic tones (42 musicians/20 nonmusicians), and speech syllables (26 musicians/15 nonmusicians). Pure tone and harmonic tone stimuli were presented in multideviant oddball paradigms designed to elicit MMN and P3a. Each paradigm included one standard and two infrequently occurring deviants. For the pure tone condition, the standard pure tone was 1000 Hz, and the two deviant tones differed in frequency from the standard by either 1.5% (1015 Hz) or 6% (1060 Hz). The harmonic tone complexes were digitally created and contained a fundamental frequency (F0) and three harmonics. The amplitude of each harmonic was divided by its harmonic number to create a natural amplitude contour in the frequency spectrum. The standard tone was G4 (F0 = 392 Hz), and the two deviant tones differed in fundamental frequency from the standard by 1.5% (F0 = 386 Hz) or 6% (F0 = 370 Hz). The fundamental frequencies of the harmonic tones occur within the average female vocal range. The third condition to elicit MMN and P3a was designed for the presentation of speech syllables (/ba/ and /da/) and was structured as a traditional oddball paradigm (one standard/one infrequent deviant). Each speech stimulus was

  19. Directional Solidification of Pure Succinonitrile and a Succinonitrile-Acetone Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simpson, James E.; deGroh, Henry C., III; Garimella, Suresh V.

    2000-01-01

    An experimental study of the horizontal Bridgman growth of pure succinonitrile (SCN) and of a succinonitrile-1.0 mol% acetone alloy (SCN-1.0 mol.% ACE) has been performed. Experiments involving both a stationary thermal field (no-growth case) and a translating thermal field (growth case) were conducted. Growth rates of 2 and 40 micrometers/sec were investigated. For the pure SCN experiments, the velocity field in the melt was estimated using video images of seed particles in the melt. Observations of the seed particles indicate that a primary longitudinal convective cell is formed. The maximum velocity of two different particles which traveled along similar paths was the same and equal to 1.49 +/- 0.01 mm/s. The general accuracy of velocity measurements is estimated to be +/-0.08 mm/s, though the data shows consistency to within +/- 0.02 mm/s. The shape of the solid/liquid interface was also quantitatively determined. The solid/liquid interface was stable (non-dendritic and non-cellular) but not flat: rather it was significantly distorted by the influence of connection in the melt and, for the growth case, by the moving temperature boundary conditions along the ampoule. It was found that the interface shape and position were highly dependent on the alignment of the ampoule in the apparatus. Consequently, the ampoule was carefully aligned for all experiments. The values for front location agree with those determined in previous experiments. For the alloy experiments, the solid/liquid interface was determined to be unstable at growth rates greater than 2.8 micrometers/sec, but stable for the cases of no-growth and growth at 2 micrometers/sec. When compared to the shape of the pure SCN interface, the alloy interface forms closer to the cold zone, indicating that the melting temperature decreased due to the alloying element. Extensive temperature measurements were performed on the outside of the ampoule containing pure SCN. The resulting thermal profiles are presented

  20. Gas Sensing Performance of Pure and Modified BST Thick Film Resistor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. H. JAIN

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Barium Strontium Titanate (BST-(Ba0.87Sr0.13TiO3 ceramic powder was prepared by mechanochemical process. The thick films of different thicknesses of BST were prepared by screen-printing technique and gas-sensing performance of these films was tested for various gases. The films showed highest response and selectivity to ammonia gas. The pure BST film was surface modified by surfactant CrO3 by using dipping technique. The surface modified film suppresses the response to ammonia and enhances to H2S gas. The surface modification of films changes the adsorption-desorption relationship with the target gas and shifts its selectivity. The gas response, selectivity, response and recovery time of the pure and modified films were measured and presented.