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Sample records for ptarmigan lagopus muta

  1. Seasonal differences in jump performance in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea

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    John J. Lees

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Fat storage is essential to the survival of many bird species, providing energy reserves, but can have an effect on locomotor performance with an associated potential increase in predation risk. In particular, the ability to initiate flight through jumping is critical to predator avoidance and may be influenced by changes in body mass (Mb. Here we investigate seasonal differences in the jump take-off performance of high Arctic Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea resulting from around a 50% increase in Mb during winter as a result of fat deposition. Using force-plate data and videography, we reveal that, in the absence of alterations to take-off angle, winter Svalbard rock ptarmigan are unable to increase hind-limb power output during jumping to compensate for their increased Mb. As a result, peak take-off velocity is reduced by 42% and jump duration is also extended during winter. The consequences of reduced jumping performance upon Svalbard ptarmigan during winter may be relatively small given their low risk of predation during this season. It may be, however, that the observed reduction in jumping performance when fat may contribute to the sub-maximal pattern of fat acquisition observed in other bird species.

  2. Factors Affecting Diet Variation in the Pyrenean Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta pyrenaica: Conservation Implications.

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    Ricardo García-González

    Full Text Available The Pyrenean rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta pyrenaica lives at one of the southernmost limits of the ptarmigan range. Their small population sizes and the impacts of global changes are limiting factors in the conservation of this threatened subspecies. An effective conservation policy requires precise basic knowledge of a species' food and habitat requirements, information that is practically non-existent for this Pyrenean population. Here, we describe the diet of a ptarmigan population in the Eastern Pyrenees, the environmental factors influencing its variability and the relationship between diet floristic composition and quality. Diet composition was determined by microhistological analysis of faeces and diet quality was estimated from free-urate faecal N content. Our results show that grouse diet is based mainly on arctic-alpine shrubs of the Ericaceae family, as well as dwarf willows (Salix spp. and Dryas octopetala. The most frequently consumed plant species was Rhododendron ferrugineum, but its abundance in the diet was negatively related to the diet nitrogen content. Conversely, the abundance of Salix spp., grass leaves and arthropods increased the nitrogen content of the diet. Seasonality associated with snow-melting contributed the most to variability in the Pyrenean ptarmigan diet, differentiating winter from spring/summer diets. The latter was characterised by a high consumption of dwarf willows, flowers, arthropods and tender forb leaves. Geographic area and sex-age class influenced diet variability to a lesser extent. Current temperature increases in the Pyrenees due to global warming may reduce the persistence and surface area of snow-packs where preferred plants for rock ptarmigan usually grow, thus reducing food availability. The high consumption of Rh. ferrugineum characterised the diet of the Pyrenean population. Given the toxicity of this plant for most herbivores, its potential negative effect on Pyrenean ptarmigan populations

  3. Reduced metabolic cost of locomotion in Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea during winter.

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    John Lees

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available The Svalbard rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta hyperborea experiences extreme photoperiodic and climatic conditions on the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This species, however, is highly adapted to live in this harsh environment. One of the most striking adaptations found in these birds is the deposition, prior to onset of winter, of fat stores which may comprise up to 32% of body mass and are located primarily around the sternum and abdominal region. This fat, while crucial to the birds' survival, also presents a challenge in that the bird must maintain normal physiological function with this additional mass. In particular these stores are likely to constrain the respiratory system, as the sternum and pelvic region must be moved during ventilation and carrying this extra load may also impact upon the energetic cost of locomotion. Here we demonstrate that winter birds have a reduced cost of locomotion when compared to summer birds. A remarkable finding given that during winter these birds have almost twice the body mass of those in summer. These results suggest that Svalbard ptarmigan are able to carry the additional winter fat without incurring any energetic cost. As energy conservation is paramount to these birds, minimising the costs of moving around when resources are limited would appear to be a key adaptation crucial for their survival in the barren Arctic environment.

  4. Cadmium concentrations in tissues of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Nunavik, Northern Quebec

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    Rodrigue, Jean [Environment Canada, Service canadien de la faune, 1141 route de l' Eglise, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4H5 (Canada)]. E-mail: jean.rodrigue@ec.gc.ca; Champoux, Louise [Environment Canada, Service canadien de la faune, 1141 route de l' Eglise, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4H5 (Canada); Leclair, Daniel [Centre de recherche du Nunavik, Societe Makivik, C.P. 179, Kuujjuaq, Quebec, J0M 1C0 (Canada); Duchesne, Jean-Francois [Unite de recherche en sante publique du CHUQ, 945, avenue Wolfe, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 5B3 (Canada)

    2007-06-15

    Willow and rock ptarmigan were obtained from Northern Quebec. Willow ptarmigan were found to have mean cadmium concentrations of 179.7 {mu}g/g (dw) in the kidneys and 25.8 {mu}g/g (dw) in the liver; these levels were three times higher than those found in the rock ptarmigan. The cadmium levels in the ptarmigan were below the threshold above which adverse effects can be observed in birds. The difference between the two ptarmigan species in cadmium content is explained by the diet. A comparison of their diet showed that willow, which stores cadmium, is an important food resource for willow ptarmigan but not for rock ptarmigan. Because there is limited information available on the consumption of ptarmigan kidneys and liver by the Inuit, and the fact that this is a traditional way of life and provides nutritional benefits to the Inuit population, no consumption guidelines are proposed. - High levels of cadmium were found in ptarmigan in Northern Quebec. No consumption guidelines are proposed for the Inuit people.

  5. Cadmium concentrations in tissues of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in Nunavik, Northern Quebec

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    Rodrigue, Jean; Champoux, Louise; Leclair, Daniel; Duchesne, Jean-Francois

    2007-01-01

    Willow and rock ptarmigan were obtained from Northern Quebec. Willow ptarmigan were found to have mean cadmium concentrations of 179.7 μg/g (dw) in the kidneys and 25.8 μg/g (dw) in the liver; these levels were three times higher than those found in the rock ptarmigan. The cadmium levels in the ptarmigan were below the threshold above which adverse effects can be observed in birds. The difference between the two ptarmigan species in cadmium content is explained by the diet. A comparison of their diet showed that willow, which stores cadmium, is an important food resource for willow ptarmigan but not for rock ptarmigan. Because there is limited information available on the consumption of ptarmigan kidneys and liver by the Inuit, and the fact that this is a traditional way of life and provides nutritional benefits to the Inuit population, no consumption guidelines are proposed. - High levels of cadmium were found in ptarmigan in Northern Quebec. No consumption guidelines are proposed for the Inuit people

  6. Cecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans and captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans.

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    Ushida, Kazunari; Segawa, Takahiro; Tsuchida, Sayaka; Murata, Koichi

    2016-02-01

    Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is deemed to be critical for successful captive breeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) and compared them with those in Svalbard rock ptarmigans (L. m. hyperborea) in captivity. Ultra-deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the community structure of cecal microbiota in wild rock ptarmigans was remarkably different from that in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. Fundamental differences between bacterial communities in the two groups of birds were detected at the phylum level. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes were the major phyla detected in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans, whereas Firmicutes alone occupied more than 80% of abundance in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. Furthermore, unclassified genera of Coriobacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Veillonellaceae and Clostridiales were the major taxa detected in wild individuals, whereas in zoo-reared birds, major genera were Ruminococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia. Zoo-reared birds seemed to lack almost all rock ptarmigan-specific bacteria in their intestine, which may explain the relatively high rate of pathogenic infections affecting them. We show evidence that preservation and reconstitution of indigenous cecal microflora are critical for successful ex situ conservation and future re-introduction plan for the Japanese rock ptarmigan.

  7. Seasonal variation in radiocaesium concentration in willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan in central Norway after the Chernobyl fallout

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    Pedersen, H.C.; Nyboe, S.; Varskog, P.

    1998-01-01

    Radioactive caesium (20-60 kBq m -2 ) was deposited after the Chernobyl accident in the mountains of central Norway. Two sympatric ptarmigan species, willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus and rock ptarmigan L. mutus, inhabit this alpine ecosystem and are important game species. In 1987 and 1988, a study was carried out to try to identify factors affecting radioactive caesium concentration in these birds. Juvenile willow ptarmigan contained more radiocaesium than adults, but the two sexes did not differ in radiocaesium concentration. The radiocaesium concentration of food plants correlated with radiocaesium concentration of rock ptarmigan, and a seasonal variation in radiocaesium concentration of both ptarmigan species was seen. Rock ptarmigan contained more radiocaesium than willow ptarmigan during winter, but not in summer. This difference was related to differences in diet. The bioconcentration factor was 0·4-0·6. The aggregated transfer coefficient was 0·003-0·009 m 2 kg -1 for both species. In spite of the high deposition, the radiocaesium concentration in muscle rarely exceeded the limit recommended for human food consumption (600 Bq kg -1 ). (Copyright (c) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

  8. Mortality of radio collared willow ptarmigan in Smoela wind-power plant

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    Pedersen, Hans Chr.; Broeseth, Henrik; Nilsen, Erlend B.; Sandercock, Brett K.; Bevanger, Kjetil

    2011-07-01

    Full text: In the project Pre- and post-construction studies of conflicts between birds and wind turbines in coastal Norway (BirdWind), Smoela willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus variegatus) has been one of the species studied. This sub-species represent gallinaceous birds, known to be bad flyers susceptible to collide with artificial structures, e.g. power lines. However, the possible impact of a wind-power plant on survival and behaviour in a willow ptarmigan population was unknown. The objectives of the study were therefore rather wide; to study direct and indirect effects of wind turbines on willow ptarmigan behaviour, habitat selection, reproduction and survival in areas where wind-power plants are established. To collect data on habitat selection, movements, collision risks, avoidance behaviour, survival and general population dynamic parameters, willow ptarmigan were radio-tagged in 2008-2010, using traditional VHF-transmitters (Holohill) with mortality switch, necklace mount, 12 g, lasting for approximately 24 months. Due to low population density and only occasional snow cover, a method using strong lights, dipnet and car was used to catch birds. In total, 34 willow ptarmigan were caught (19 males and 15 females). All birds were caught inside the wind-power plant area (WPA). The birds were radio-tracked at irregular intervals and almost all birds, when found, was located within the WPA. All carcasses of dead birds were examined. When possible, cause of death was determined as; predation (raptor), collision, unknown, other. In total, 28 of the radio-tagged birds have died since January 2008. A Kaplan-Meier analysis of cumulative survival rates, show an exceptionally low survival (<30%). Unlike other willow ptarmigan populations most of the mortality takes place during winter, from December throughout March. Although a thorough analysis of mortality causes has yet not been carried out, a majority of the birds have probably been killed by avian predators and to

  9. Effects of climate change on nutrition and genetics of White-tailed Ptarmigan

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    Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Stricker, Craig A.; St. John, Judy; Braun, Clait E.; Wann, Gregory T.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Sandercock, Brett K.; Martin, Kathy; Segelbacher, Gernot

    2011-01-01

    White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura) are well suited as a focal species for the study of climate change because they are adapted to cool, alpine environments that are expected to undergo unusually rapid climate change. We compared samples collected in the late 1930s, the late 1960s, and the late 2000s using molecular genetic and stable isotope methods in an effort to determine whether White-tailed Ptarmigan on Mt. Evans, Colorado, have experiences recent environmental changes resulting in shifts in genetic diversity, gene frequency, and nutritional ecology. We genotyped 115 individuals spanning the three time periods, using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in our genetic analysis. These samples were also analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. We found a slight trend of lower heterozygosity through time, and allelic richness values were significantly lower in more recent times, but not significantly using an alpha of 0.05 (P 13C and δ15N values decreased significantly across time periods, whereas the range in isotope values increased consistently from the late 1930s to the late time periods. Inferred changes in the nutritional ecology of White-tailed Ptarmigan on Mt. Evans relate primarily to increased atmospheric deposition of nutrients that likely influenced foraging habits and tundra plant composition and nutritional quality. Future work seeks to integrate genetic and isotopic data with long-term demographics to develop a detailed understanding of the interaction among environmental stressors on the long-term viability of ptarmigan populations.

  10. Range shifts or extinction? Ancient DNA and distribution modelling reveal past and future responses to climate warming in cold-adapted birds.

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    Lagerholm, Vendela K; Sandoval-Castellanos, Edson; Vaniscotte, Amélie; Potapova, Olga R; Tomek, Teresa; Bochenski, Zbigniew M; Shepherd, Paul; Barton, Nick; Van Dyck, Marie-Claire; Miller, Rebecca; Höglund, Jacob; Yoccoz, Nigel G; Dalén, Love; Stewart, John R

    2017-04-01

    Global warming is predicted to cause substantial habitat rearrangements, with the most severe effects expected to occur in high-latitude biomes. However, one major uncertainty is whether species will be able to shift their ranges to keep pace with climate-driven environmental changes. Many recent studies on mammals have shown that past range contractions have been associated with local extinctions rather than survival by habitat tracking. Here, we have used an interdisciplinary approach that combines ancient DNA techniques, coalescent simulations and species distribution modelling, to investigate how two common cold-adapted bird species, willow and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus and Lagopus muta), respond to long-term climate warming. Contrary to previous findings in mammals, we demonstrate a genetic continuity in Europe over the last 20 millennia. Results from back-casted species distribution models suggest that this continuity may have been facilitated by uninterrupted habitat availability and potentially also the greater dispersal ability of birds. However, our predictions show that in the near future, some isolated regions will have little suitable habitat left, implying a future decrease in local populations at a scale unprecedented since the last glacial maximum. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. Spatio-temporal patterns of ptarmigan occupancy relative to shrub cover in the Arctic

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    Schmutz, Joel A.

    2014-01-01

    Rock and willow ptarmigan are abundant herbivores that require shrub habitats in arctic and alpine areas. Shrub expansion is likely to increase winter habitat availability for ptarmigan, which in turn influence shrub architecture and growth through browsing. Despite their ecological role in the Arctic, the distribution and movement patterns of ptarmigan are not well known, particularly in northern Alaska where shrub expansion is occurring. We used multi-season occupancy models to test whether ptarmigan occupancy varied within and among years, and the degree to which colonization and extinction probabilities were related to shrub cover and latitude. Aerial surveys were conducted from March to May in 2011 and April to May 2012 in a 21,230 km2 area in northeastern Alaska. In areas with at least 30 % shrub cover, the probability of colonization by ptarmigan was >0.90, indicating that moderate to extensive patches of shrubs (typically associated with riparian areas) had a high probability of becoming occupied by ptarmigan. Occupancy increased throughout the spring in both years, providing evidence that ptarmigan migrated from southern wintering areas to breeding areas north of the Brooks Range. Occupancy was higher in the moderate snow year than the high snow year, and this was likely due to higher shrub cover in the moderate snow year. Ptarmigan distribution and migration in the Arctic are linked to expanding shrub communities on a wide geographic scale, and these relationships may be shaping ptarmigan population dynamics, as well as rates and patterns of shrub expansion.

  12. Poult adoption in Merriam's wild turkeys

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    Todd R. Mills; Mark A. Rumble

    1991-01-01

    There are few documented cases of gallinaceous birds caring for offspring other than their own. Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) usually mate monogamously, with pairs remaining together throughout the breeding season, but they occasionally are polygynous (Hannon 1984, Martin and Cooke 1987, Martin 1989). If males are removed from monogamous pairs...

  13. In vitro assessment of cytotoxic activities of Lachesis muta muta snake venom.

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    Stephanie Stransky

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available Envenomation by the bushmaster snake Lachesis muta muta is considered severe, characterized by local effects including necrosis, the main cause of permanent disability. However, cellular mechanisms related to cell death and tissue destruction, triggered by snake venoms, are poorly explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect caused by L. m. muta venom in normal human keratinocytes and to identify the cellular processes involved in in cellulo envenomation. In order to investigate venom effect on different cell types, Alamar Blue assay was performed to quantify levels of cellular metabolism as a readout of cell viability. Apoptosis, necrosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated by flow cytometry, while induction of autophagy was assessed by expression of GFP-LC3 and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxic potential of the venom is shown by reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. It was also observed the sequential appearance of cells undergoing autophagy (by 6 hours, apoptosis and necrosis (12 and 24 hours. Morphologically, incubation with L. m. muta venom led to a significant cellular retraction and formation of cellular aggregates. These results indicate that L. m. muta venom is cytotoxic to normal human keratinocytes and other cell lines, and this toxicity involves the integration of distinct modes of cell death. Autophagy as a cell death mechanism, in addition to apoptosis and necrosis, can help to unravel cellular pathways and mechanisms triggered by the venom. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie cellular damage and tissue destruction will be useful in the development of alternative therapies against snakebites.

  14. Mercury in feathers of Swedish gyrfalcons, Falco rusticolus, in relation to diet

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    Lindberg, P.

    1984-01-01

    The gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is mainly a resident bird breeding in mountain areas in Fennoscandia. The population (estimated to 300-500 pairs) probably fluctuates according to the presence of willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) and ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus). Little is known about pollutant levels in Fennoscandian gyrfalcons. Previous studies found low levels of DDE, PCB and mercury in organs from six Norwegian gyrfalcons. In this paper the author has included additional information on mercury levels, based on feather analyses from a few nests in northern Sweden. The use of feathers is a simple method to monitor mercury levels without sacrificing the birds. Food habits were checked by analyzing food remains at and near the nests

  15. The influence of fine-scale habitat features on regional variation in population performance of alpine White-tailed Ptarmigan

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    Fedy, B.; Martin, K.

    2011-01-01

    It is often assumed (explicitly or implicitly) that animals select habitat features to maximize fitness. However, there is often a mismatch between preferred habitats and indices of individual and population measures of performance. We examined the influence of fine-scale habitat selection on the overall population performance of the White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), an alpine specialist, in two subdivided populations whose habitat patches are configured differently. The central region of Vancouver Island, Canada, has more continuous and larger habitat patches than the southern region. In 2003 and 2004, using paired logistic regression between used (n = 176) and available (n = 324) sites, we identified food availability, distance to standing water, and predator cover as preferred habitat components . We then quantified variation in population performance in the two regions in terms of sex ratio, age structure (n = 182 adults and yearlings), and reproductive success (n = 98 females) on the basis of 8 years of data (1995-1999, 2002-2004). Region strongly influenced females' breeding success, which, unsuccessful hens included, was consistently higher in the central region (n = 77 females) of the island than in the south (n = 21 females, P = 0.01). The central region also had a much higher proportion of successful hens (87%) than did the south (55%, P < 0.001). In light of our findings, we suggest that population performance is influenced by a combination of fine-scale habitat features and coarse-scale habitat configuration. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2011.

  16. Haemosporidian parasite infections in grouse and ptarmigan: Prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites in resident Alaskan birds

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    Smith, Matthew M.; Van Hemert, Caroline R.; Merizon, Richard

    2016-01-01

    Projections related to future climate warming indicate the potential for an increase in the distribution and prevalence of blood parasites in northern regions. However, baseline data are lacking for resident avian host species in Alaska. Grouse and ptarmigan occupy a diverse range of habitat types throughout the northern hemisphere and are among the most well-known and important native game birds in North America. Information regarding the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in tetraonid species is limited, with few recent studies and an almost complete lack of genetic data. To better understand the genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites in Alaskan tetraonids and to determine current patterns of geographic range and host specificity, we used molecular methods to screen 459 tissue samples collected from grouse and ptarmigan species across multiple regions of Alaska for infection by Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium blood parasites. Infections were detected in 342 individuals, with overall apparent prevalence of 53% for Leucocytozoon, 21% for Haemoproteus, and 9% for Plasmodium. Parasite prevalence varied by region, with different patterns observed between species groups (grouse versus ptarmigan). Leucocytozoon was more common in ptarmigan, whereas Haemoproteus was more common in grouse. We detected Plasmodium infections in grouse only. Analysis of haemosporidian mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences revealed 23 unique parasite haplotypes, several of which were identical to lineages previously detected in other avian hosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed close relationships between haplotypes from our study and those identified in Alaskan waterfowl for Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites. In contrast, Leucocytozoon lineages were structured strongly by host family. Our results provide some of the first genetic data for haemosporidians in grouse and ptarmigan species, and provide an initial baseline on the prevalence and diversity

  17. Genotoxicity of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and 3-aminobenzanthrone in MutaMouse and lung epithelial cells derived from MutaMouse.

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    Arlt, Volker M; Gingerich, John; Schmeiser, Heinz H; Phillips, David H; Douglas, George R; White, Paul A

    2008-11-01

    FE1 lung epithelial cells derived from MutaMouse are a new model system to provide in vitro mutagenicity data with the potential to predict the outcome of an in vivo MutaMouse test. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a potent mutagen and suspected human carcinogen identified in diesel exhaust and urban air pollution. We investigated the mutagenicity and DNA binding of 3-NBA and its main metabolite 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) in vitro and in vivo in the MutaMouse assay. Mice were treated with 3-NBA or 3-ABA (0, 2 or 5 mg/kg body weight/day) by gavage for 28 days and 28 days later lacZ mutant frequency (MF) was determined in liver, lung and bone marrow. For both compounds, dose-related increases in MF were seen in liver and bone marrow, but not in lung; mutagenic activity was approximately 2-fold lower for 3-ABA than for 3-NBA. With 3-NBA, highest DNA adduct levels (measured by (32)P-post-labelling) were found in liver (approximately 230 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides) with levels 20- to 40-fold lower in bone marrow and lung. With 3-ABA, DNA adduct levels were again highest in the liver, but approximately 4-fold lower than for 3-NBA. FE1 cells were exposed to up to 10 microg/ml 3-NBA or 3-ABA for 6 h with or without exogenous activation (S9) and harvested after 3 days. For 3-NBA, there was a dose-related increase in MF both with and without S9 mix, which was >10 times higher than observed in vivo. At the highest concentration of 3-ABA (10 microg/ml), we found only around a 2-fold increase in MF relative to controls. DNA adduct formation in FE1 cells was dose-dependent for both compounds, but 10- to 20-fold higher for 3-NBA compared to 3-ABA. Collectively, our data indicate that MutaMouse FE1 cells are well suited for cost-effective testing of suspected mutagens with different metabolic activation pathways as a guide for subsequent in vivo MutaMouse testing.

  18. Mutação BRAF em pacientes idosos submetidos à tireoidectomia

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    Antonio Augusto T. Bertelli

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da mutação V600E do gene BRAF em pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade submetidos à tireoidectomia, correlacionando sua presença ou ausência com as diferentes lesões histológicas, com as variantes e com fatores prognósticos do carcinoma papilífero. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 85 pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade submetidos à tireoidectomia, analisando a mutação BRAF V600E através de reação de PCR-RT realizada após a extração do DNA dos blocos de parafina. RESULTADOS: Detectou-se ausência ou presença da mutação BRAF V600E em 47 pacientes (55,3%. Entre os 17 carcinomas papilíferos estudados, sete apresentavam a mutação (41,2%. Demonstrou-se associação estatística entre a presença desta mutação e a variante clássica do carcinoma papilífero, além de tendência de associação com o extravasamento tireoideano. CONCLUSÃO: A mutação BRAF nos pacientes idosos também é exclusiva do carcinoma papilífero e tem frequência expressiva. Além disso, está relacionada à variante clássica e, possivelmente, ao extravasamento tireoideano.

  19. Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) from the North Sea

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    Langeveld, Bram W.; Mol, Dick; van der Plicht, Hans

    2018-01-01

    The first record of arctic fox Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Eurogeul area (North Sea) is reported based on a distal humerus fragment collected by private collectors from dredged sediments on ‘De Zandmotor’. It was radiocarbon dated to 29,900 + 550/- 490 BP (GrA-69520), which is younger

  20. Ornamental comb colour predicts T-cell-mediated immunity in male red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus

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    Mougeot, Francois

    2008-02-01

    Sexual ornaments might reliably indicate the ability to cope with parasites and diseases, and a better ability to mount a primary inflammatory response to a novel challenge. Carotenoid-based ornaments are amongst the commonest sexual signals of birds and often influence mate choice. Because carotenoids are immuno-stimulants, signallers may trade-off allocating these to ornamental colouration or using them for immune responses, so carotenoid-based ornaments might be particularly useful as honest indicators of immuno-compentence. Tetraonid birds, such as the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, exhibit supra-orbital yellow red combs, a conspicuous ornament which functions in intra- and inter-sexual selection. The colour of combs is due to epidermal pigmentation by carotenoids, while their size is testosterone-dependent. In this study, I investigated whether comb characteristics, and in particular, comb colour, indicated immuno-competence in free-living male red grouse. I assessed T-cell-mediated immunity using a standardised challenge with phytohaemagglutinin. Red grouse combs reflect in the red and in the ultraviolet spectrum of light, which is not visible to humans but that grouse most likely see, so I measured comb colour across the whole bird visible spectrum (300 700 nm) using a reflectance spectrometer. I found that males with bigger and redder combs, but with less ultraviolet reflectance, had greater T-cell-mediated immune response. Comb colour predicted T-cell-mediated immune response better than comb size, indicating that the carotenoid-based colouration of this ornament might reliably signal this aspect of male quality.

  1. Mutações no gene da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase e síndrome de Down

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    Laura Brunelli das Neves Grillo

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Sindrome de Down (SD é uma alteração genética e metabólica complexa atribuída à presença de três cópias do cromossomo 21. O cromossomo extra em 93% dos casos é de origem materna e é resultante de uma segregação anormal durante a meiose (não-disjunção. Com exceção da idade materna avançada, fatores de risco para a não-disjunção meiótica não estão bem estabelecidos. Um estudo preliminar sugeriu que o metabolismo anormal do folato e a mutação 677 (C->T no gene da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR podem ser fatores de risco maternos para a SD. A freqüência das mutações MTHFR 677 (C->T e 1.298 (A->C foram avaliadas em 36 mães de crianças com SD e em 200 indivíduos-controle. Os resultados demonstraram que as mutações 677 (C->T e 1.298 (A->C são mais prevalentes entre mães de crianças com SD do que nos controles. A heterozigose das duas mutações foi a combinação mais freqüente. O resultado desse estudo inicial sugere que mutações no gene da MTHFR seriam um fator de risco para a SD.

  2. Sulfated Galactan from Palisada flagellifera Inhibits Toxic Effects of Lachesis muta Snake Venom

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    Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In Brazil, snakebites are a public health problem and accidents caused by Lachesis muta have the highest mortality index. Envenomation by L. muta is characterized by systemic (hypotension, bleeding and renal failure and local effects (necrosis, pain and edema. The treatment to reverse the evolution of all the toxic effects is performed by injection of antivenom. However, such therapy does not effectively neutralize tissue damage or any other local effect, since in most cases victims delay seeking appropriate medical care. In this way, alternative therapies are in demand, and molecules from natural sources have been exhaustively tested. In this paper, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of a sulfated galactan obtained from the red seaweed Palisada flagellifera against some toxic activities of L. muta venom. Incubation of sulfated galactan with venom resulted in inhibition of hemolysis, coagulation, proteolysis, edema and hemorrhage. Neutralization of hemorrhage was also observed when the galactan was administered after or before the venom injection; thus mimicking a real in vivo situation. Moreover, the galactan blocked the edema caused by a phospholipase A2 isolated from the same venom. Therefore, the galactan from P. flagellifera may represent a promising tool to treat envenomation by L. muta as a coadjuvant for the conventional antivenom.

  3. MutaNET: a tool for automated analysis of genomic mutations in gene regulatory networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hollander, Markus; Hamed, Mohamed; Helms, Volkhard; Neininger, Kerstin

    2018-03-01

    Mutations in genomic key elements can influence gene expression and function in various ways, and hence greatly contribute to the phenotype. We developed MutaNET to score the impact of individual mutations on gene regulation and function of a given genome. MutaNET performs statistical analyses of mutations in different genomic regions. The tool also incorporates the mutations in a provided gene regulatory network to estimate their global impact. The integration of a next-generation sequencing pipeline enables calling mutations prior to the analyses. As application example, we used MutaNET to analyze the impact of mutations in antibiotic resistance (AR) genes and their potential effect on AR of bacterial strains. MutaNET is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/mutanet/. It is implemented in Python and supported on Mac OS X, Linux and MS Windows. Step-by-step instructions are available at http://service.bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de/mutanet/. volkhard.helms@bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

  4. Inhibitory Effect of Plant Manilkara subsericea against Biological Activities of Lachesis muta Snake Venom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Coriolano De Oliveira

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Snake venom is composed of a mixture of substances that caused in victims a variety of pathophysiological effects. Besides antivenom, literature has described plants able to inhibit injuries and lethal activities induced by snake venoms. This work describes the inhibitory potential of ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, or dichloromethane extracts and fractions from stem and leaves of Manilkara subsericea against in vivo (hemorrhagic and edema and in vitro (clotting, hemolysis, and proteolysis activities caused by Lachesis muta venom. All the tested activities were totally or at least partially reduced by M. subsericea. However, when L. muta venom was injected into mice 15 min first or after the materials, hemorrhage and edema were not inhibited. Thus, M. subsericea could be used as antivenom in snakebites of L. muta. And, this work also highlights Brazilian flora as a rich source of molecules with antivenom properties.

  5. The role of parasite-driven selection in shaping landscape genomic structure in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wenzel, Marius A; Douglas, Alex; James, Marianne C; Redpath, Steve M; Piertney, Stuart B

    2016-01-01

    Landscape genomics promises to provide novel insights into how neutral and adaptive processes shape genome-wide variation within and among populations. However, there has been little emphasis on examining whether individual-based phenotype-genotype relationships derived from approaches such as genome-wide association (GWAS) manifest themselves as a population-level signature of selection in a landscape context. The two may prove irreconcilable as individual-level patterns become diluted by high levels of gene flow and complex phenotypic or environmental heterogeneity. We illustrate this issue with a case study that examines the role of the highly prevalent gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis in shaping genomic signatures of selection in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica). Individual-level GWAS involving 384 SNPs has previously identified five SNPs that explain variation in T. tenuis burden. Here, we examine whether these same SNPs display population-level relationships between T. tenuis burden and genetic structure across a small-scale landscape of 21 sites with heterogeneous parasite pressure. Moreover, we identify adaptive SNPs showing signatures of directional selection using F(ST) outlier analysis and relate population- and individual-level patterns of multilocus neutral and adaptive genetic structure to T. tenuis burden. The five candidate SNPs for parasite-driven selection were neither associated with T. tenuis burden on a population level, nor under directional selection. Similarly, there was no evidence of parasite-driven selection in SNPs identified as candidates for directional selection. We discuss these results in the context of red grouse ecology and highlight the broader consequences for the utility of landscape genomics approaches for identifying signatures of selection. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Porocephalus species (Pentastomida infecting Boa constrictor (Boidae and Lachesis muta (Viperidae in northeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waltécio de Oliveira Almeida

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2008v21n2p165 Espécies de Porocephalus (Pentastomida infectando Boa constrictor (Boidae e Lachesis muta (Viperidae na Região Nordeste do Brasil.  O Brasil possui uma grande diversidade de cobras, mas há poucos trabalhos realizados sobre parasitismo destas por pentastomídeos. No intuito de investigar o parasitismo pulmonar por pentastomídeos em grandes cobras na região nordeste, foram examinados seis espécimes de Boa constrictor e duas de Lachesis muta pertencentes à coleção do Serpentário da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco–UFPE, todos coletadas em localidades de mata úmida (Mata Atlântica. Apenas um espécime de B. constrictor estava infectado por Porocephalus sp. (intensidade de infecção 5,0. Apenas um espécime de L. muta estava infectado por P. stilesi (intensidade de infecção 15,0.

  7. Tissue-specific metabolic activation and mutagenicity of 3-nitrobenzanthrone in MutaMouse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Guosheng; Gingerich, John; Soper, Lynda; Douglas, George R; White, Paul A

    2008-10-01

    3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) is a mutagen and suspected human carcinogen detected in diesel exhaust, airborne particulate matter, and urban soil. We investigated the tissue specific mutagenicity of 3-NBA at the lacZ locus of transgenic MutaMouse following acute single dose or 28-day repeated-dose oral administration. In the acute high dose (50 mg/kg) exposure, increased lacZ mutant frequency was observed in bone marrow and colonic epithelium, but not in liver and bladder. In the repeated-dose study, a dose-dependent increase in lacZ mutant frequency was observed in bone marrow and liver (2- and 4-fold increase above control), but not in lung or intestinal epithelium. In addition, a concentration-dependent increase in mutant frequency (8.5-fold above control) was observed for MutaMouse FE1 lung epithelial cells exposed in vitro. 1-Nitropyrene reductase, 3-NBA reductase, and acetyltransferase activities were measured in a variety of MutaMouse specimens in an effort to link metabolic activation and mutagenicity. High 3-NBA nitroreductase activities were observed in lung, liver, colon and bladder, and detectable N-acetyltransferase activities were found in all tissues except bone marrow. The relatively high 3-NBA nitroreductase activity in MutaMouse tissues, as compared with those in Salmonella TA98 and TA100, suggests that 3-NBA is readily reduced and activated in vivo. High 3-NBA nitroreductase levels in liver and colon are consistent with the elevated lacZ mutant frequency values, and previously noted inductions of hepatic DNA adducts. Despite an absence of induced lacZ mutations, the highest 3-NBA reductase activity was detected in lung. Further studies are warranted, especially following inhalation or intratracheal exposures. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  8. Inhibitory effect of a Brazilian marine brown alga Spatoglossum schröederi on biological activities of Lachesis muta snake venom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaisa Francielle Souza Domingos

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available The ability of crude extracts of the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi to counteract some of the biological activities of Lachesis muta snake venom was evaluated. In vitro assays showed that only the extract of S. schröederi prepared in ethyl acetate was able to inhibit the clotting of fibrinogen induced by L. muta venom. On the other hand, all extracts were able to inhibit partially the hemolysis caused by venom and those prepared in dichloromethane or ethyl acetate fully neutralized the proteolysis and hemorrhage produced by the venom. Moreover, the dichloromethane or ethyl acetate extracts inhibited the hemolysis induced by an isolated phospholipase A2 from L. muta venom, called LM-PLA2-I. In contrast, the hexane extract failed to protect mice from hemorrhage or to inhibit proteolysis and clotting. These results show that the polarity of the solvent used to prepare the extracts of S. schröederi algae influenced the potency of the inhibitory effect of the biological activities induced by L. muta venom. Thus, the seaweed S. schröederi may be a promising source of natural inhibitors of the enzymes involved in biological activities of L. muta venom.

  9. Gastrointestinal Parasites of Two Populations of Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Northeast Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreassen, P.N.S.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Kapel, Christian M. O.

    2017-01-01

    Parasitological examination of 275 faecal samples from Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) collected at Zackenberg Valley and Karupelv Valley in north-east Greenland from 2006 to 2008 was conducted using sieving and microscopy. Overall, 125 (45.5%) samples contained parasite eggs of Taenia crassiceps...

  10. Porocephalus species (Pentastomida infecting Boa constrictor (Boidae and Lachesis muta (Viperidae in northeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Camargo Guarnieri

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Brazil has a great diversity of snakes, but there are few published works concerning parasitism in these animals. The present paper examined pulmonary infection by pentastomids in large snakes from northeastern Brazil, including six specimens of Boa constrictor and two examples of Lachesis muta from the Serpentarium of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE, Brazil, all of which were collected in the Atlantic Coastal Forest. One specimen of B. constrictor was infected by Porocephalus sp. (intensity of infection 5.0 and one specimen of L. muta was infected by P. stilesi (intensity of infection 15.0.

  11. Gastrointestinal Parasites of Two Populations of Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Northeast Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreassen, P.N.S.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Kapel, Christian M. O.

    2017-01-01

    Parasitological examination of 275 faecal samples from Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) collected at Zackenberg Valley and Karupelv Valley in north-east Greenland from 2006 to 2008 was conducted using sieving and microscopy. Overall, 125 (45.5%) samples contained parasite eggs of Taenia crassiceps...

  12. Effects of Climate Change on Habitat Availability and Configuration for an Endemic Coastal Alpine Bird.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle M Jackson

    Full Text Available North America's coastal mountains are particularly vulnerable to climate change, yet harbour a number of endemic species. With little room "at the top" to track shifting climate envelopes, alpine species may be especially negatively affected by climate-induced habitat fragmentation. We ask how climate change will affect the total amount, mean patch size, and number of patches of suitable habitat for Vancouver Island White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura saxatilis; VIWTP, a threatened, endemic alpine bird. Using a Random Forest model and a unique dataset consisting of citizen science observations combined with field surveys, we predict the distribution and configuration of potential suitable summer habitat for VIWTP under baseline and future (2020s, 2050s, and 2080s climates using three general circulation models and two greenhouse gas scenarios. VIWTP summer habitat is predicted to decline by an average of 25%, 44%, and 56% by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, under the low greenhouse gas scenario and 27%, 59%, and 74% under the high scenario. Habitat patches are predicted to become fragmented, with a 52-79% reduction in mean patch size. The average elevation of suitable habitat patches is expected to increase, reflecting a loss of patches at lower elevations. Thus ptarmigan are in danger of being "squeezed off the mountain", as their remaining suitable habitat will be increasingly confined to mountaintops in the center of the island. The extent to which ptarmigan will be able to persist in increasingly fragmented habitat is unclear. Much will depend on their ability to move throughout a more heterogeneous landscape, utilize smaller breeding areas, and survive increasingly variable climate extremes. Our results emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and protection for high elevation specialist species, and suggest that White-tailed Ptarmigan should be considered an indicator species for alpine ecosystems in the face of

  13. (Hipertextos ciberespaciais: mutações do/no ler-escrever

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    Sérgio Roberto Costa

    Full Text Available O espaço da internet possui novas formas de escrita e leitura com características específicas que provocam mutações no/do ler/escrever, as quais escapam à sucessividade canônica das ferramentas ou dos suportes de escrita tradicionais. Nosso objetivo é discutir e analisar essas mutações, em razão da emergência de novos gêneros discursivos e textuais, produtos histórico-sociais construídos no computador. Na análise, focalizamos a relação enunciativo-discursiva da ferramenta, do suporte, dos dispositivos, da materialidade do código, do espaço enunciativo e da arquitetura hipertextual com algumas formas de comunicação (correio eletrônico, fóruns, chats... e com a navegação (produção e compreensão hipertextual, com base em dois conceitos de gêneros: os discursivos de Bakhtin (1953/1994 e os textuais de Bronckart (1999. Pudemos concluir que características lingüístico-discursivas e enunciativas de várias ordens, ligadas à ferramenta, ao suporte e a seus dispositivos, ao modo de comunicação hipertextual e ao espaço enunciativo virtual, levaram-nos a apontar o surgimento de novos gêneros e novas estratégias de ler/escrever.

  14. Mutação BRAF em pacientes idosos submetidos à tireoidectomia BRAF mutation in the elderly submitted to thyroidectomy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Augusto T. Bertelli

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da mutação V600E do gene BRAF em pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade submetidos à tireoidectomia, correlacionando sua presença ou ausência com as diferentes lesões histológicas, com as variantes e com fatores prognósticos do carcinoma papilífero. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 85 pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade submetidos à tireoidectomia, analisando a mutação BRAF V600E através de reação de PCR-RT realizada após a extração do DNA dos blocos de parafina. RESULTADOS: Detectou-se ausência ou presença da mutação BRAF V600E em 47 pacientes (55,3%. Entre os 17 carcinomas papilíferos estudados, sete apresentavam a mutação (41,2%. Demonstrou-se associação estatística entre a presença desta mutação e a variante clássica do carcinoma papilífero, além de tendência de associação com o extravasamento tireoideano. CONCLUSÃO: A mutação BRAF nos pacientes idosos também é exclusiva do carcinoma papilífero e tem frequência expressiva. Além disso, está relacionada à variante clássica e, possivelmente, ao extravasamento tireoideano.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of the BRAF V600E mutation in patients over 65 years of age undergoing thyroidectomy, correlating its presence or absence with the different histologic lesions, their variants and with prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma. METHODS: We evaluated 85 patients over 65 years of age who underwent thyroidectomy, analyzing the BRAF V600E mutation by RT-PCR performed after DNA extraction from the paraffin blocks. RESULTS: The study detected the presence or absence of BRAF V600E mutation in 47 patients (55.3%. Among the 17 papillary carcinomas studied, seven had the mutation (41.2%. There was a statistical association between the presence of this mutation and the classic variant of papillary carcinoma, and a trend of association with thyroid extravasation. CONCLUSION: BRAF mutation in the elderly is also exclusive of

  15. Protective Effect of the Plant Extracts of Erythroxylum sp. against Toxic Effects Induced by the Venom of Lachesis muta Snake

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    Eduardo Coriolano de Oliveira

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Snake venoms are composed of a complex mixture of active proteins that induce toxic effects, such as edema, hemorrhage, and death. Lachesis muta has the highest lethality indices in Brazil. In most cases, antivenom fails to neutralize local effects, leading to disabilities in victims. Thus, alternative treatments are under investigation, and plant extracts are promising candidates. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of crude extracts, fractions, or isolated products of Erythroxylum ovalifolium and Erythroxylum subsessile to neutralize some toxic effects of L. muta venom. All samples were mixed with L. muta venom, then in vivo (hemorrhage and edema and in vitro (proteolysis, coagulation, and hemolysis assays were performed. Overall, crude extracts or fractions of Erythroxylum spp. inhibited (20%–100% toxic effects of the venom, but products achieved an inhibition of 4%–30%. However, when venom was injected into mice before the plant extracts, hemorrhage and edema were not inhibited by the samples. On the other hand, an inhibition of 5%–40% was obtained when extracts or products were given before venom injection. These results indicate that the extracts or products of Erythroxylum spp. could be a promising source of molecules able to treat local toxic effects of envenomation by L. muta venom, aiding in the development of new strategies for antivenom treatment.

  16. Distribuição das mutações da β-talassemia em Fortaleza, Ceará Distribution of β-thalassemia mutations in Fortaleza, Ceará

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    Lilianne Brito da Silva Rocha

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As mutações IVS-I-1, IVS-I-6 e CD 39 foram estudadas em 14 pacientes portadores de β-talassemia, da população de Fortaleza, capital do Ceará. OBJETIVO: Fornecer informações sobre a caracterização molecular dos pacientes β-talassêmicos de Fortaleza, contribuindo para traçar o perfil das mutações desta hemoglobinopatia na região Nordeste e no Brasil. MÉTODOS: A β-talassemia foi diagnosticada pelo estudo hematológico realizado no contador automático de células sanguíneas, com revisão de lâminas, pelo teste de resistência globular osmótica em NaCl a 0,36% e pela eletroforese em pH alcalino em fitas de acetato de celulose. O DNA foi isolado de leucócitos a partir de amostras de sangue total. A análise das mutações foi realizada por meio da técnica da reação em cadeia mediada pela polimerase alelo-específica (PCR-AE, sendo analisadas as mutações CD 39, IVSI-1, IVSI-6 e IVSI-110 seguindo-se o protocolo do Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética das Doenças Hematológicas (LHGDH da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP. RESULTADOS: A distribuição das mutações identificadas foi: IVS-I-1 (14,3%, IVS-I-6 (35,7% e CD 39 (21,4%. Os demais talassêmicos (28,6% não apresentaram nenhuma das mutações estudadas. A maior frequência da mutação IVS-I-6 está conforme o esperado, uma vez que estudos demonstram que esta mutação está mais presente na região Nordeste, assim como a mutação IVS-I-1 na região Sul e a IVSI-110 e CD39 na região Sudeste do país. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados demonstram o perfil das mutações da β-talassemia na região Nordeste, contribuindo, assim, para o estudo da distribuição destas mutações no Brasil.INTRODUCTION: IVS-I-1, IVS-I-6 and CD 39 mutations were studied in 14 patients with β-thalassemia from the population of Fortaleza, capital of Ceará. OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the molecular characterization of β-thalassemia patients from Fortaleza, aiding

  17. Morphological and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts from the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)from Alaska, USA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sarcocystis sarcocysts are common in muscles of herbivores but are rare in muscles of carnivores. Here, we report Sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts in muscles of Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Alaska, USA for the first time. Tongues of 57 foxes were examined for Sarcocystis infection using sev...

  18. Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla forego breeding when Arctic Foxes Alopex lagopus are present during nest initiation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Spaans, B.; Blijleven, H.J.; Popov, I.U.; Rykhlikova, M.E.; Ebbinge, B.S.

    1998-01-01

    In an area north of the Pyasina delta in Taimyr (Russia), nest distribution, nest initiation and breeding success of Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla were studied in six successive summer seasons from 1990-1995 in relation to lemming and Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus abundance. Lemming abundance

  19. Tacita Muta y el silencio femenino como arma del patriarcado romano. – Tacita Muta and the feminine silence as a weapon of the roman patriarchy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casamayor Mancisidor, Sara

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Tacita Muta was a naiad punished by Jupiter who ripped her tongue out for talking excessively. She became a divinity that symbolized the prerogative of the feminine silence. The aim of the present article is to illustrate how the roman patriarchy imposed the duty of silence on women, taking the myth of Tacita as the starting point. We present several examples of deities, mythological characters and real women who also exemplified this female duty, along with others that transgressed the norm. All of this with the aim of getting deeper on gender relations in Roman times.

  20. Transcriptional activity of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta Holobiont: Molecular Evidence for Metabolic Interchange

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    Cara L Fiore

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Compared to our understanding of the taxonomic composition of the symbiotic microbes in marine sponges, the functional diversity of these symbionts is largely unknown. Furthermore, the application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic techniques to functional questions on sponge host-symbiont interactions is in its infancy. In this study, we generated a transcriptome for the host and a metatranscriptome of its microbial symbionts for the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, from the Caribbean. In combination with a gene-specific approach, our goals were to 1 characterize genetic evidence for nitrogen cycling in X. muta, an important limiting nutrient on coral reefs 2 identify which prokaryotic symbiont lineages are metabolically active and, 3 characterize the metabolic potential of the prokaryotic community. Xestospongia muta expresses genes from multiple nitrogen transformation pathways that when combined with the abundance of this sponge, and previous data on dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, shows that this sponge is an important contributor to nitrogen cycling on coral reefs. Additionally, we observed significant differences in gene expression of the archaeal amoA gene, which is involved in ammonia oxidation, between coral reef locations consistent with differences in the fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen previously reported. In regards to symbiont metabolic potential, the genes in the biosynthetic pathways of several amino acids were present in the prokaryotic metatranscriptome dataset but in the host-derived transcripts only the catabolic reactions for these amino acids were present. A similar pattern was observed for the B vitamins (riboflavin, biotin, thiamin, cobalamin. These results expand our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in sponges, and the metabolic interchange highlighted here advances the field of symbiont physiology by elucidating specific metabolic pathways where there is high potential for host

  1. Gastrointestinal Parasites of Two Populations of Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Northeast Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andreassen, P.N.S.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Kapel, Christian M. O.

    2017-01-01

    Parasitological examination of 275 faecal samples from Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) collected at Zackenberg Valley and Karupelv Valley in north-east Greenland from 2006 to 2008 was conducted using sieving and microscopy. Overall, 125 (45.5%) samples contained parasite eggs of Taenia crassiceps......, Taenia serialis, Toxascaris leonina, Eucoleus boehmi, Physalopteridae and Ancylostomatidae, and Strongyloides-like larvae. As long-term ecological studies are conducted at both sampling locations, the present findings constitute a baseline data set for further parasitological monitoring....

  2. Mutation spectrum in FE1-MUTA(TM) Mouse lung epithelial cells exposed to nanoparticulate carbon black

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun; White, Paul A; Gingerich, John

    2011-01-01

    It has been shown previously that carbon black (CB), Printex 90 exposure induces cII and lacZ mutants in the FE1-Muta(TM) Mouse lung epithelial cell line and causes oxidatively damaged DNA and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study was to determine the mutation...

  3. Affinities of the Aphanocapsa feldmanni-like cyanobacteria from the marine sponge Xestospongia muta based on genetic and morphological analyses

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Gomez, R.; Erpenbeck, D.J.G.; Richelle-Maurer, E.; van Dijk, T.R.; Woldringh, C.L.; van Soest, R.W.M.

    2004-01-01

    The marine sponge Xestospongia muta (Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) harbours cyanobacteria in its peripheral tissue that have been described as having an Aphanocapsa feldmanni-type appearance. Through subsequent cell fractionation steps we obtained a virtually pure cell suspension of the

  4. Isolation and culture of melanocytes from the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus

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    Jiarong Bao

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Coat colour is a phenotypic marker of fur animal species, which was determined by the pigment generated from melanocytes. In this study, we developed and validated a method for isolation, purification and passage culture of melanocytes from the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus. Skin biopsies were harvested from the dorsal region of adult foxes and enzyme digestion by Dispase II. The primary culture of melanocytes from arctic fox skin was obtained by using keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and bovine pituitary extract with/without phorbol- 12-myristate-13-acetate, and by carrying out a medium change strategy. After serial passages, it yielded pure population of melanocytes, which become efficient tools for investigating the function of colour genes and unraveling the process of melanin synthesis.

  5. Cs-137 in Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) on Svalbard

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gwynn, Justin P.; Fuglei, Eva; Dowdall, Mark

    2007-01-01

    This study presents 137 Cs muscle activity concentrations in Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Svalbard over a period of several years and discusses the transfer of 137 Cs to Arctic foxes through likely predator-prey relationships. Mean 137 Cs activity concentrations and 137 Cs T ag values (per trapping season) ranged from 0.51 ± 2.76 to 1.32 ± 2.89 Bq/kg (w.w.) and 5.1 x 10 -4 to 1.3 x 10 -3 m 2 /kg, respectively. Mean concentration ratios of 137 Cs in Arctic foxes compared to probable prey ranged from 1.0 to 7.9. On Svalbard, transfer of 137 Cs to Arctic foxes is likely to occur via both marine and terrestrial food chains. The relative contribution of marine and terrestrial food sources to the diet of Arctic foxes may vary by location and by season and may lead to either an increase or decrease in the trophic transfer of 137 Cs to Arctic foxes compared to transfer resulting from terrestrial only diets

  6. Climate change and human disturbance can lead to local extinction of Alpine rock ptarmigan: new insight from the western Italian Alps.

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    Simona Imperio

    Full Text Available Alpine grouses are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their adaptation to extreme conditions and to their relict distributions in the Alps where global warming has been particularly marked in the last half century. Grouses are also currently threatened by habitat modification and human disturbance, and an assessment of the impact of multiple stressors is needed to predict the fate of Alpine populations of these birds in the next decades. We estimated the effect of climate change and human disturbance on a rock ptarmigan population living in the western Italian Alps by combining an empirical population modelling approach and stochastic simulations of the population dynamics under the a1B climate scenario and two different disturbance scenarios, represented by the development of a ski resort, through 2050.The early appearance of snow-free ground in the previous spring had a favorable effect on the rock ptarmigan population, probably through a higher reproductive success. On the contrary, delayed snowfall in autumn had a negative effect possibly due to a mismatch in time to molt to white winter plumage which increases predation risk. The regional climate model PROTHEUS does not foresee any significant change in snowmelt date in the study area, while the start date of continuous snow cover is expected to be significantly delayed. The net effect in the stochastic projections is a more or less pronounced (depending on the model used decline in the studied population. The addition of extra-mortality due to collision with ski-lift wires led the population to fatal consequences in most projections. Should these results be confirmed by larger studies the conservation of Alpine populations would deserve more attention. To counterbalance the effects of climate change, the reduction of all causes of death should be pursued, through a strict preservation of the habitats in the present area of occurrence.

  7. 'Haruna': uma nova mutação somática natural da videira 'Itália'

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    Adriane Marinho de Assis

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as principais características físico-químicas e produtivas da uva fina de mesa 'Haruna', uma nova mutação natural originada da cv. Itália, em Uraí-PR, Brasil. O formato das bagas, elipsoide alongado bastante expressivo, é uma das características que mais difere essa nova mutação da uva 'Itália'. As bagas apresentam coloração verde-clara, tendendo ao amarelo na maturação plena, com pincel e polpa verde, crocante, firme, textura carnosa e de sabor moscatel, enquanto os cachos apresentam formato cilíndrico-cônico. O ciclo, bem como o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham- se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis de 16,2ºBrix, superior à 'Itália, 0,5% de ácido tartárico e índice de maturação de 31,2. Trata-se de uma nova cultivar de uva fina de mesa com bom potencial de cultivo no Brasil.

  8. Population Genetic Structure, Abundance, and Health Status of Two Dominant Benthic Species in the Saba Bank National Park, Caribbean Netherlands: Montastraea cavernosa and Xestospongia muta.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Didier M de Bakker

    Full Text Available Saba Bank, a submerged atoll in the Caribbean Sea with an area of 2,200 km2, has attained international conservation status due to the rich diversity of species that reside on the bank. In order to assess the role of Saba Bank as a potential reservoir of diversity for the surrounding reefs, we examined the population genetic structure, abundance and health status of two prominent benthic species, the coral Montastraea cavernosa and the sponge Xestospongia muta. Sequence data were collected from 34 colonies of M. cavernosa (nDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; 892 bp and 68 X. muta sponges (mtDNA I3-M11 partition of COI; 544 bp on Saba Bank and around Saba Island, and compared with published data across the wider Caribbean. Our data indicate that there is genetic connectivity between populations on Saba Bank and the nearby Saba Island as well as multiple locations in the wider Caribbean, ranging in distance from 100s-1000s km. The genetic diversity of Saba Bank populations of M. cavernosa (π = 0.055 and X. muta (π = 0.0010 was comparable to those in other regions in the western Atlantic. Densities and health status were determined along 11 transects of 50 m2 along the south-eastern rim of Saba Bank. The densities of M. cavernosa (0.27 ind. m-2, 95% CI: 0.12-0.52 were average, while the densities of X. muta (0.09 ind. m-2, 95% CI: 0.02-0.32 were generally higher with respect to other Caribbean locations. No disease or bleaching was present in any of the specimens of the coral M. cavernosa, however, we did observe partial tissue loss (77.9% of samples as well as overgrowth (48.1%, predominantly by cyanobacteria. In contrast, the majority of observed X. muta (83.5% showed signs of presumed bleaching. The combined results of apparent gene flow among populations on Saba Bank and surrounding reefs, the high abundance and unique genetic diversity, indicate that Saba Bank could function as an important buffer for the region. Either as a natural source of larvae to

  9. Gastrointestinal helminths of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from different bioclimatological regions in Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kapel, C. M O; Nansen, P.

    1996-01-01

    Nine species of gastrointestinal helminths were recovered from 254 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from 8 different localities in Greenland. Prevalences of infection with the helminth species differed from area to area: Toxascaris leonina (3968%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0-14%), Mesocestoides...... of Greenland. In general, the composition of the helminth fauna of arctic foxes in Greenland showed distinct differences geographically. Thus, the diversity of helminth species in foxes caught in the northern districts of Greenland seems lower than in the southern districts; only nematode species with direct...... life cycles were represented equally in all parts of the country. The diversity of the surrounding fauna, and thereby the food items available for the foxes, seems to determine the spectrum of helminth species. Helminths requiring rodents as intermediate hosts were absent on the west coast, even...

  10. Caracterización biológica y acción de inhibidores de una fosfolipasa A2 del veneno de Lachesis muta

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    Rosalina Inga

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo informa de la purificación y caracterización bioquímica y biológica de la fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2 de Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766. La purificación se realizó por cromatografía liquida (CL usando CM-Sephadex C-50 y Sephadex G-50, obteniéndola al estado homogéneo con un peso molecular de 18749 Da. Los ensayos con PLA2 realizados sobre fosfolípidos de yema de huevo y lecitina comercial, mostraron que los agentes EDTA, PMSF, glutatión y cisteína, inhibieron la actividad con valores mayores al 50%. La PLA2 de L. muta produjo un notable efecto anticoagulante, observándose un retardo de 2'30" en el tiempo de coagulación con 9,6 µg de la enzima. La hemólisis indirecta sobre eritrocitos humanos dio un equivalente de 4,35 µg como dosis hemolítica media (HD50. Los valores de dosis edemática media y dosis miotóxica mínima fueron de 91,5 µg y 125,89 µg/mL respectivamente; valores por debajo de PLA2 de otros venenos. No se registró actividad hemorrágica directa. Las pruebas de inmunodifusión e inmunoelectroforésis revelaron que PLA2 de L. muta tuvo reactividad inmunogénica contra el antiveneno lachésico monovalente (INS-Perú. Sin embargo, la neutralización por el antiveneno fue parcial.

  11. Comparison between the use of open and walled platforms by juvenile blue foxes (Alopex lagopus

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    Hannu Korhonen

    1996-03-01

    Full Text Available The current European recommendations require that platforms in the cages of farm foxes should have solid sides. The present study aimed to clarify how such a obstructed view affects platform use in farmbred blue foxes (Alopex lagopus. Experimental groups with open (16 males, 14 females and walled (16 males, 14 females platforms were compared from weaning to pelting. Both platform types were 110 cm long x 30 cm wide. Walled platforms had 23 cm high walls at the ends and rear, but open ones were without walls. Data were collected by daytime scanning observations and 24-h video recordings. Results for both sexes were parallel, showing that foxes significantly (p

  12. Pearsonema (syn Capillaria plica associated cystitis in a Fennoscandian arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus: a case report

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    Osterman-Lind Eva

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The bladderworm Pearsonema (syn Capillaria plica affects domestic dogs and wild carnivores worldwide. A high prevalence in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes has been reported in many European countries. P. plica inhabits the lower urinary tract and is considered to be of low pathogenic significance in dogs mostly causing asymptomatic infections. However, a higher level of pathogenicity has been reported in foxes. A severe cystitis associated with numerous bladderworms was found in a captive arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus originating from the endangered Fennoscandian arctic fox population. To our knowledge this is the first description of P. plica infection in an arctic fox.

  13. Environmental contaminants in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Svalbard: Relationships with feeding ecology and body condition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuglei, E.; Bustnes, J.O.; Hop, H.; Mork, T.; Bjoernfoth, H.; Bavel, B. van

    2007-01-01

    Adipose tissues from 20 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) of both sexes from Svalbard were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE), chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations. Gender (0.43 15 N from muscle samples and showed significantly positive relationship with all contaminants, with the exception of HCB concentrations. This indicates that foxes feeding at high trophic levels had higher tissue contaminant levels as a result of bioaccumulation in the food chain. - High contaminant concentrations in the coastal ecotype of arctic fox may cause toxic health effects due to huge annual cyclic variation in storage and mobilisation of adipose tissue

  14. Reproductive characteristics of migratory golden eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska

    Science.gov (United States)

    McIntyre, Carol L.; Adams, Layne G.

    1999-01-01

    We describe reproductive characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) breeding in Denali National Park, Alaska during an entire snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle, 1988-1997. Data on nesting eagles were collected at 58 to 72 nesting areas annually using two aerial surveys. Surveys were conducted during the incubation period to determine occupancy and nesting activities and late in the nestling period to count nestlings and determine nesting success. Annual occupancy rates of nesting areas did not vary significantly, whereas laying rates, success rates, and mean brood size varied significantly over the study period. Fledgling production for the study population varied sevenfold during the ten-year period. Laying rates, mean brood size, and overall population productivity were significantly correlated with abundance of cyclic snowshoe hare and Willow Ptarmigan (Lugopus lagopus) populations. Reproductive rates of Golden Eagles in Denali were similar to those of Golden Eagles from other high latitude study areas in North America, but lower than for Golden Eagles from temperate zone study areas in North America.

  15. Acroqueratodermia aquagénica associada a uma mutação do gene da fibrose quística

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    V. Coelho-Macias

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Descrita em 1996, a acroqueratodermia aquagénica é uma entidade rara, caracterizada pelo aparecimento de pápulas edematosas palmares após contacto com água. Múltiplas associações foram enumeradas mas, recentemente, a associação a mutações do gene da fibrose quística foi demonstrada.Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 18 anos, saudável, com prurido e edema palmar após imersão em água. O exame objetivo inicial não mostrava alterações mas, 5 min após imersão em água, observavam-se múltiplas pápulas esbranquiçadas palmares. O estudo do gene da fibrose quística (CFTR revelou uma mutação F508del num dos alelos. A doente negava outras queixas ou história familiar relevante.A acroqueratodermia aquagénica é uma entidade provavelmente subdiagnosticada que poderá constituir uma manifestação de mutações do gene CFTR, o que possibilitaria a identificação de portadores e aconselhamento genético. Abstract: Reported for the first time in 1996, aquagenic keratoderma is a rare condition which is characterized by edematous flat-topped papules appearing on palmar skin after water immersion. Multiple anecdotal associations have been described but, recently, the association with cystic fibrosis gene mutations (CFTR has been highlighted.The authors describe an 18 year-old female, with one-month complaints of pruritus and swelling of palmar skin after water immersion. On examination, palmar skin was unremarkable but, 5 minutes after water immersion, multiple whitish papules became apparent. CFTR genotype study showed a F508del mutation in one alelle. She had no other symptoms and no relevant family history.Aquagenic keratoderma is probably an under-diagnosed entity that might represent a manifestation of CFTR mutations, making carrier state identification and genetic counseling possible. Palavras-chave: Acroqueratodermia aquagénica, Fibrose quística, Aconselhamento genético, Keywords: Aquagenic keratoderma, Cystic

  16. Snake venomics of Lachesis muta rhombeata and genus-wide antivenomics assessment of the paraspecific immunoreactivity of two antivenoms evidence the high compositional and immunological conservation across Lachesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pla, Davinia; Sanz, Libia; Molina-Sánchez, Pedro; Zorita, Virginia; Madrigal, Marvin; Flores-Díaz, Marietta; Alape-Girón, Alberto; Núñez, Vitelbina; Andrés, Vicente; Gutiérrez, José María; Calvete, Juan J

    2013-08-26

    We report the proteomic analysis of the Atlantic bushmaster, Lachesis muta rhombeata, from Brazil. Along with previous characterization of the venom proteomes of L. stenophrys (Costa Rica), L. melanocephala (Costa Rica), L. acrochorda (Colombia), and L. muta muta (Bolivia), the present study provides the first overview of the composition and distribution of venom proteins across this wide-ranging genus, and highlights the remarkable similar compositional and pharmacological profiles across Lachesis venoms. The paraspecificity of two antivenoms, produced at Instituto Vital Brazil (Brazil) and Instituto Clodomiro Picado (Costa Rica) using different conspecific taxa in the immunization mixtures, was assessed using genus-wide comparative antivenomics. This study confirms that the proteomic similarity among Lachesis sp. venoms is mirrored in their high immunological conservation across the genus. The clinical and therapeutic consequences of genus-wide venomics and antivenomics investigations of Lachesis venoms are discussed. The proteomics characterization of L. m. rhombeata venom completes the overview of Lachesis venom proteomes and confirms the remarkable toxin profile conservation across the five clades of this wide-ranging genus. Genus-wide antivenomics showed that two antivenoms, produced against L. stenophrys or L. m. rhombeata, exhibit paraspecificity towards all other congeneric venoms. Our venomics study shows that, despite the broad geographic distribution of the genus, monospecific antivenoms may achieve clinical coverage for any Lachesis sp. envenoming. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Rastreamento da mutação mitocondrial A1555G em pacientes com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural Screening of the mitochondrial A1555G mutation in patients with sensorineural hearing loss

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    Luciano Pereira Maniglia

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available A mutação mitocondrial A1555G é a principal alteração associada à surdez ocasionada pelo uso de aminoglicosídeos. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência da mutação A1555G em pacientes com deficiência auditiva sensorioneural com e sem uso de antibióticos aminoglicosídeos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo em amostras de 27 pacientes com surdez, como casos, e em 100 neonatos, com audição normal, como grupo controle. O DNA foi extraído de leucócitos de amostras de sangue e "primers" específicos foram utilizados para amplificar o gene do citocromo b e a região que abrange a mutação A1555G do DNA mitocondrial, usando as técnicas da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase e do Polimorfismo no Comprimento de Fragmentos de Restrição. DESENHO CIENTÍFICO: Estudo de casos em corte transversal. RESULTADOS: A região do gene do citocromo b foi amplificada, sendo confirmada a presença do DNA mitocondrial em todas as 127 amostras do estudo. A mutação A1555G não foi identificada nos 27 pacientes com deficiência auditiva e no grupo controle (100 neonatos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados são concordantes com estudos que relatam que a mutação A1555G não é prevalente nas Américas. Há interesse na determinação da real prevalência dessa mutação e na investigação de outras mutações que possam ocasionar deficiência auditiva associada ou não ao uso de aminoglicosídeos na população brasileira.The A1555G mitochondrial mutation is the main alteration associated with aminoglycoside-induced deafness. AIM: to investigate the prevalence of the A1555G mutation in patients sensorineural hearing loss patients with and without aminoglycosides antibiotic use. MATERIAL AND METHOD: a study of 27 cases with deafness as the sample, and 100 neonates with normal hearing as the control group. DNA was extracted from blood leukocyte samples, and specific oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the cytochrome b gene and the region which encloses the A1555

  18. Mutational synergism between p-fluorophenylalaline and UV in Coprinus lagopus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Talmud, P.J.

    1977-01-01

    The amino acid analogue p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) is mutagenic to Coprinus lagopus due to its incorporation into proteins. Spontaneous mutations, PFP and UV mutagenesis and PFP/UV synergism have been studied in a UV resistant strain and in two complementing UV sensitive mutant strains. By comparison to the UV resistant strain, one UV sensitive strain shows normal spontaneous mutations, 1.4% PFP-induced mutations and 50-fold UV mutagenesis. The second UV sensitive strain has 19-fold spontaneous mutation frequency and slightly elevated UV mutagenesis. In all 3 strains the PFP/UV synergism is comparable (4-5 times the arithmetic expected). The results indicate that PFP mutagenesis is due to the incorporation of PFP into enzymes normally functioning in the organism but which also participate in UV repair mechanisms. A model is proposed for UV repair which is based on a PFP sensitive excision repair system of at least two enzymes, an alternative 'error-proof' pathway which is not susceptible to PFP and an 'error-prone' pathway which is responsible for UV mutagenesis and is susceptible to PFP as shown by the PFP/UV synergism. Because PFP is given before UV treatment, this implies a UV inducible cofactor and a PFP sensitive enzyme which only functions after UV activation

  19. Spontaneous rickets in the wild arctic fox Alopex lagopus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogden, J.A.; Conlogue, G.J.

    1981-01-01

    Normal and rachitic, skeletally immature arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) were subjected to physical examination, roentgenographic studies, and in some cases histologic studies. The involved animals had active rickets coupled with antecedent normal diaphyseal bone formation. Evaluation of all the long bones showed highly variable manifestations of the disease, which undoubtedly reflect different rates of physeal endochondral transformation and metaphyseal remodeling. Histologic examination showed distinct patterns of widening of the physes and variable osteodystrophy in the trabecular and cortical bone of the metaphyses and epiphyseal ossification centers. These aforementioned factors certainly would necessitate different regional calcium needs and, therefore, different regional responses to an overall calcium deficiency. The physes involved in the most rapid growth rates in this period showed the most widening of the growth plate, and the most dystrophic changes in the metaphysis. Skeletal injuries, including metaphyseal fractures and slow-down of longitudinal growth (particularly in the ulna) were also evident. Because of apparent dietary differences in the affected and normal fox kits, this juvenile-onset disease was presumed due to calcium-deficient intake following weaning. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of spontaneously occurring rickets in a wild animal in its natural habitat. There are several possible mechanisms for the variable widening of the physis and the loss of bone mineralization in these fox kits: calcium-deficient diet, binding of calcium in the bowel by high phosphorus intake, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and vitamin A toxicity. (orig.)

  20. Mutações genéticas, métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticas relacionadas à hemocromatose hereditária

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Marini Aguiar

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n1p133   A hemocromatose hereditária é uma doença genética relacionada a diversos distúrbios do metabolismo do ferro e uma das causas mais importantes da sobrecarga de ferro. Os avanços técnicos e científicos obtidos nas últimas décadas, principalmente com o desenvolvimento da biologia molecular, têm contribuído para o maior conhecimento do metabolismo do ferro e dos principais fatores relacionados à sua regulação, bem como dos distúrbios que podem resultar em déficit ou sobrecarga. A identificação de alguns genes e suas mutações auxiliou no entendimento dos mecanismos regulatórios responsáveis pela manutenção da homeostase desse nutriente essencial para numerosos processos bioquímicos. Assim, esta revisão aborda aspectos relacionados ao ferro, seu metabolismo e as causas da sobrecarga, particularmente a desenvolvida pela hemocromatose hereditária. Ainda em relação a essa doença, apresenta-se diagnóstico, orientações sobre o tratamento e mutações mais frequentes.

  1. Estado da Arte dos Doentes com Cancro do Pulmão de Não Pequenas Células: Doença Avançada e Mutação EGFR Positiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bárbara Parente

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available O aparecimento de terapêuticas dirigidas, trouxe na última década uma enorme esperança para os doentes com cancro do pulmão. Os inibidores dos recetores do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR, erlotinib e gefitinib (inibidores de tirosina quinase TKI, estiveram na vanguarda das mudanças da prática de tratamento para doença avançada do cancro do pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC, nos últimos 10 anos, com a descoberta de mutações EGFR que conferem sensibilidade a inibidores da tirosina quinase no CPNPC. O ano de 2004, marcou o início da era da medicina de precisão para o cancro do pulmão. Os estudos randomizados de fase III investigaram o papel de dois inibidores de EGFR-TKI, gefitinib e erlotinib, como tratamento de primeira linha em comparação com a quimioterapia à base de platina, em doentes com CPNPC doença avançada com mutações de ativação do EGFR. Um TKI de segunda geração (afatinib encontra-se já aprovado pela EMA com a mesma indicação após resultados dos clínicos do Lux Lung 3 e 6. No entanto, os doentes com mutação EGFR positiva, regra geral, progridem após 10-12 meses de tratamento, necessitando de novas opções terapêuticas. Inibidores de 3ª geração entretanto desenvolvidos (dirigidos à mutação de resistência do T790M, e outras, após rebiópsia, demostraram uma notável eficácia, em doentes já tratados e com um perfil de toxicidade ainda menor que os TKI de 1ª e 2ª geração. Recebido: 30/05/2016 - Aceite: 03/06/2016

  2. Investigação genética da surdez hereditária: mutação do gene da Conexina 26 Genetic investigation of hereditary deafness: connexin 26 gene mutation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Michele da Silva Schmidt

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Nos últimos anos houve grande progresso na localização de genes associados à deficiência auditiva hereditária, possibilitando diagnósticos cada vez mais precisos e precoces. Mutações no gene da Conexina 26 (GJB2 - Cx26 causam deficiência auditiva. Pela facilidade e benefício do rastreamento de mutações no gene GJB2, o teste genético está se tornando um importante recurso na saúde pública. O objetivo foi realizar pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a mutação do gene da Conexina 26 e sua influência na audição. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico por meio de busca eletrônica utilizando os descritores: perda auditiva, genética, triagem genética, Conexina 26, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, desde a década de 90 até os dias atuais. Concluiu-se que a mutação 35delG da Conexina 26 está potencialmente vinculada a alguns casos de perda auditiva não esclarecida. A pesquisa desta mutação poderia ser incluída na bateria de exames de investigação etiológica da surdez indeterminada, uma vez que esclarece a etiologia de alguns casos e a sua identificação possibilita o aconselhamento genético.In the last few years, great progress has been made in the search for genes associated to hereditary hearing impairment, allowing more precise and earlier diagnosis. Connexin 26 gene mutations (GJB2 - Cx26 cause hearing impairment. Due to the easiness and benefits of the screening of mutations on the gene GJB2, genetic testing is becoming an important resource in public health. The aim of the present study was to conduct a literature research about the mutation of the Connexin 26 gene and its influence in hearing. It was carried out a literature review through electronic search using the keywords: hearing loss, genetics, genetic screening, and Connexin 26, at the databases MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS, from the 90s to the present days. The results indicate that the 35delG mutation of Connexin 26 is potentially associated

  3. Rapid Purification and Procoagulant and Platelet Aggregating Activities of Rhombeobin: A Thrombin-Like/Gyroxin-Like Enzyme from Lachesis muta rhombeata Snake Venom

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres-Huaco, Frank Denis; Werneck, Cláudio C.; Vicente, Cristina Pontes; Vassequi-Silva, Talita; Nery-Diez, Ana Cláudia Coelho; Mendes, Camila B.; Antunes, Edson; Marangoni, Sérgio; Damico, Daniela C. S.

    2013-01-01

    We report a rapid purification method using one-step chromatography of SVSP Rhombeobin (LMR-47) from Lachesis muta rhombeata venom and its procoagulant activities and effects on platelet aggregation. The venom was fractionated by a single chromatographic step in RP-HPLC on a C8 Discovery BIO Wide Pore, showing high degree of molecular homogeneity with molecular mass of 47035.49 Da. Rhombeobin showed amidolytic activity upon BAρNA, with a broad optimum pH (7–10) and was stable in solution up to 60°C. The amidolytic activity was inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors and reducing agents, but not chelating agents. Rhombeobin showed high coagulant activity on mice plasma and bovine fibrinogen. The deduced amino acid sequence of Rhombeobin showed homology with other SVSPs, especially with LM-TL (L. m. muta) and Gyroxin (C. d. terrificus). Rhombeobin acts, in vitro, as a strong procoagulant enzyme on mice citrated plasma, shortening the APTT and PT tests in adose-dependent manner. The protein showed, “ex vivo”, a strong defibrinogenating effect with 1 µg/animal. Lower doses activated the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and impaired the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Thus, this is the first report of a venom component that produces a venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC). PMID:24058917

  4. Mineral density and biomechanical properties of bone tissue from male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to organochlorine contaminants and emaciation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sonne, Christian; Wolkers, Hans; Rigét, Frank F

    2008-01-01

    We investigated the impact from dietary OC (organochlorine) exposure and restricted feeding (emaciation) on bone mineral density (BMD; g hydroxy-apatite cm(-2)) in femoral, vertebrate, skull and baculum osteoid tissue from farmed Arctic blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus). For femur, also biomechanical......), energy absorption (J) and time (s) biomechanical properties than fat winter foxes (all pArctic mammals also in order to avoid...... properties during bending (displacement [mm], load [N], energy absorption [J] and stiffness [N/mm]) were measured. Sixteen foxes (EXP) were fed a wet food containing 7.7% OC-polluted minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber in two periods of body fat deposition (Aug-Dec) and two periods of body fat...

  5. Espectro de mutações em genes associados ao adenocarcinoma de pâncreas em pacientes do sudeste brasileiro

    OpenAIRE

    Nayra Soares do Amaral

    2013-01-01

    Introdução: O adenocarcinoma é o tipo histológico mais prevalente entre os tumores de pâncreas (90%) e possui alta taxa de mortalidade devido ao seu mau prognostico. A importância de se compreender a carcinogênese pancreática é determinar novos alvos terapêuticos e biomarcadores que auxiliem no diagnostico precoce. A progressão do adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático (ADP) é relacionada ao acúmulo de mutações em lesões pré cancerígenas como a Neoplasia Intraepitelial Pancreática (PanIN). Alteraç...

  6. 'Black star': uma mutação somática natural da uva fina de mesa cv. Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Roberto,Sergio Ruffo; Assis,Adriane Marinho de; Genta,Werner; Yamamoto,Lilian Yukari; Sato,Alessandro Jefferson

    2012-01-01

    A uva fina de mesa 'Black Star', originada de uma mutação somática da uva cv. Brasil em Marialva-PR, é descrita quanto às suas principais características físico-químicas e produtivas. Suas bagas, com sementes, apresentam formato elipsoide alongado com coloração vermelho-escura, tendendo ao preto durante a maturação plena. O ciclo, o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham-se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis ...

  7. Rapid Purification and Procoagulant and Platelet Aggregating Activities of Rhombeobin: A Thrombin-Like/Gyroxin-Like Enzyme from Lachesis muta rhombeata Snake Venom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank Denis Torres-Huaco

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available We report a rapid purification method using one-step chromatography of SVSP Rhombeobin (LMR-47 from Lachesis muta rhombeata venom and its procoagulant activities and effects on platelet aggregation. The venom was fractionated by a single chromatographic step in RP-HPLC on a C8 Discovery BIO Wide Pore, showing high degree of molecular homogeneity with molecular mass of 47035.49 Da. Rhombeobin showed amidolytic activity upon BAρNA, with a broad optimum pH (7–10 and was stable in solution up to 60°C. The amidolytic activity was inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors and reducing agents, but not chelating agents. Rhombeobin showed high coagulant activity on mice plasma and bovine fibrinogen. The deduced amino acid sequence of Rhombeobin showed homology with other SVSPs, especially with LM-TL (L. m. muta and Gyroxin (C. d. terrificus. Rhombeobin acts, in vitro, as a strong procoagulant enzyme on mice citrated plasma, shortening the APTT and PT tests in adose-dependent manner. The protein showed, “ex vivo”, a strong defibrinogenating effect with 1 µg/animal. Lower doses activated the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and impaired the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Thus, this is the first report of a venom component that produces a venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC.

  8. Novel CFTR missense mutations in Brazilian patients with congenital absence of vas deferens: counseling issues Mutações novas no gene CFTR de pacientes brasileiros portadores de agenesia dos vasos deferentes: dificuldades no aconselhamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia de Campos Pieri

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: Screening for mutations in the entire Cystic Fibrosis gene (CFTR of Brazilian infertile men with congenital absence of vas deferens, in order to prevent transmission of CFTR mutations to offspring with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. METHOD: Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR primers were designed to each of the 27 exons and splicing sites of interest followed by single strand conformational polymorphism and Heteroduplex Analysis (SSCP-HA in precast 12.5% polyacrylamide gels at 7ºC and 20ºC. Fragments with abnormal SSCP migration pattern were sequenced. RESULTS: Two novel missense mutations (S753R and G149W were found in three patients (two brothers together with the IVS8-5T allele in hetrozygosis. CONCLUSION: The available screenings for CF mutations do not include the atypical mutations associated to absence of vas deferens and thus, when these tests fail to find mutations, there is still a genetic risk of affected children with the help of assisted reproduction. We recommend the screening of the whole CFTR gene for these infertile couples, as part of the work-up before assisted reproduction.OBJETIVO: Pesquisar mutações em toda a extensão do gene que causa a Fibrose Cística (CFTR de homens brasileiros inférteis por agenesia congênita dos vasos deferentes, com a finalidade de prevenir a transmissão de mutações em CFTR à prole com o uso das tecnologias de reprodução assistida. MÉTODOS: Foram desenhados oligonucleotídeos específicos para realização de reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR para cada um dos 27 exons e sítios de processamento de interesse no gene CFTR. O PCR foi seguido pela técnica de SSCP-HA (polimorfismos de conformação no DNA de fita simples e na formação de heteroduplexes em géis pré-fabricados de poliacrilamida a 12,5% em duas temperaturas, 7ºC e 20ºC. Os fragmentos com padrão alterado na migração do SSCP foram submetidos a seqüenciamento automatizado

  9. The G209A mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene in Brazilian families with Parkinson's disease Mutação G209A no gene da alfa-sinucleína em famílias brasileiras com doença de Parkinson

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hélio A.G. Teive

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available A missense G209A mutation of the alpha-synuclein gene was recently described in a large Contursi kindred with Parkinson's disease (PD. The objective of this study is to determine if the mutation G209A of the alpha-synuclein gene was present in 10 Brazilian families with PD. PD patients were recruited from movement disorders clinics of Brazil. A family history with two or more affected in relatives was the inclusion criterion for this study. The alpha-synuclein G209A mutation assay was made using polymerase chain reaction and the restriction enzyme Tsp45I. Ten patients from 10 unrelated families were studied. The mean age of PD onset was 42.7 years old. We did not find the G209A mutation in our 10 families with PD. Our results suggest that alpha-synuclein mutation G209A is uncommon in Brazilian PD families.Recentemente foi detectada mutação missense G209A no gene da alfa-sinucleína em uma grande família com doença de Parkinson (DP de Contursi, Itália. Este estudo tem o objetivo de determinar se a mutação G209A está presente em 10 famílias brasileiras com DP. Pacientes com DP foram recrutados em clínicas de distúrbio do movimento no Brasil. O critério de inclusão no estudo foi à presença de dois ou mais familiares acometidos pela DP. A mutação G209A do gene da alfa-sinucleína foi pesquisada usando a técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase e a enzima de restrição Tsp45I. Foram estudados 10 pacientes de famílias não-relacionadas. A idade média do início dos sintomas da DP foi 42,7 anos. Não encontramos a mutação estudada neste grupo de pacientes. Nossos resultados sugerem que a mutação G209A é incomum em famílias brasileiras com DP.

  10. Clonaje y caracterización molecular in silico de un transcrito de fosfolipasa A2 aislado del veneno de la serpiente peruana Lachesis muta Molecular cloning and characterization in silico of phospholipase A2 transcripto isolated from Lachesis muta peruvian snake venom

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karim L. Jimenez

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Aislar y caracterizar in silico un transcrito del gen de fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2 aislado del veneno de Lachesis muta de la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Se amplificó el transcrito del gen sPLA2 mediante la técnica de RT-PCR a partir de RNA total utilizando cebadores específicos, el producto de DNA amplificado se insertó en el vector pGEM para su posterior secuenciación. Mediante análisis bioinformático de la secuencia nucleotídica se determinó un marco de lectura abierta de 414 nucleótidos que codifica 138 aminoácidos, incluyendo16 aminoácidos del péptido señal, el peso molecular y el pI fueron de 13 976 kDa y 5,66 respectivamente. Resultados. La secuencia aminoacídica denominada Lm-PLA2- Perú, contiene Asp49, así como Tyr-28, Gly-30, Gly-32, His-48, Tyr52, Asp99 importantes para la actividad enzimática. La comparación de Lm-PLA2-Perú con las secuencias aminoacídicas de los bancos de datos mostró 93% de similitud con las sPLA2 de Lachesis stenophrys y más del 80% con otras sPLA2 de venenos de la familia Viperidae. El análisis filogenético de la secuencia nucleotídica del transcrito del gen sPLA2 indica que Lm-PLA2-Perú se agrupa con otras sPLA2 [Asp49] ácidas previamente aisladas del veneno de Bothriechis schlegelii con un 89% de identidad. El modelaje tridimensional de Lm-PLA2-Perú, presenta una estructura característica de sPLA2 del Grupo II formada por tres hélices-α, una lámina-β, una hélice corta y un lazo de unión con calcio. Conclusión. La secuencia nucleotídica corresponde al primer transcripto del gen de PLA2 clonado a partir del veneno de la serpiente Lachesis muta, que habita en la selva del Perú.Objective. Isolate and characterize in silico gene phospholipase A2 (PLA2 isolated from Lachesis muta venom of the Peruvian Amazon. Material and methods. Technique RT-PCR from total RNA was using specific primers, the amplified DNA product was inserted into the pGEM vector for

  11. Composición Esterólica de la Esponja Marina Xestospongia Muta

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    Carmenza Duque

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available De la esponja marina Xestospongia muta recolectada en la bahía de Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano, se aislaron por Cromatografía en Columna (CC sobre Silica gel, eluyendo con Benceno: Acetato de Etilo 10:2, dos fracciones esteróiicas; XMl (Rf = 0,28,Si02/Benceno; AcOEt 10:2 y XM2 (Rf = 0,24,SiO2/Benceno : AcOEt 10:2, Los esteróles presentes en estas dos fracciones fueron sometidos a Cromatografía Liquida de Alta Eficiencia (CLAE preparativa y analizados por Cromatografía de Gases (CG y Cromatografía de Gases acoplada en Espectometrla de Masas (CG-EM, Catorce esteróles fueron separados y 13 idenficados. La mayoría de ellos fueron 3n-0H-A^-Esteróles (Aproximadamente el 87% de los esteróles totales incluyendo al (24R + 24S-5,28-Estigmastadien-3i3-24-diol, mezclaepimérica por primera vez asi reportada en la naturaleza. El porcentaje restante correspondió a Estañóles y a un 6,2% de compuestos sin identificar.

  12. Shaggy Lame Fox Syndrome in Pribilof Island Arctic Foxes ( Alopex lagopus pribilofensis), Alaska.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spraker, T R; White, P A

    2017-03-01

    A previously unrecognized condition is described in wild free-ranging Pribilof arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus pribilofensis) from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA. This condition is called shaggy lame fox syndrome (SLFS) denoting the primary clinical signs first observed. Criteria used to suspect SLFS on gross examination included emaciation, failure to shed winter pelage and moderate to severe polyarthritis. Criteria used to confirm SLFS histologically included polyarthritis (characterized by lymphoplasmacytic synovitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, periosteal bony proliferation, and periarticular lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis) and systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Other histological lesions often found included renal cortical infarcts, myocarditis with myocardial infarcts, lymphoplasmacytic meningitis, lymphoplasmacytic cuffing of meningeal and a few cerebral vessels, and cavitating infarcts of the brainstem and thalamus. The cause of SLFS is not known at this time; however, the gross and histological lesions suggest that the cause of SLFS may be a bacterial polyarthritis with a secondary immune-mediated vasculitis. These lesions are consistent with changes described with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in domestic dogs; E. rhusiopathiae was identified from the synovial membrane of a swollen stifle joint and the kidney from one fox using real-time polymerase chain reaction and with culture from a fox that had gross and histological lesions of SLFS. Therefore, E. rhusiopathiae is a possible etiological agent for SLFS.

  13. Dietary contaminant exposure affects plasma testosterone, but not thyroid hormones, vitamin A, and vitamin E, in male juvenile arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hallanger, Ingeborg G; Jørgensen, Even H; Fuglei, Eva; Ahlstrøm, Øystein; Muir, Derek C G; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro

    2012-01-01

    Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POP), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), are high in many Arctic top predators, including the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). The aim of this study was to examine possible endocrine-disruptive effects of dietary POP exposure in male juvenile Arctic foxes in a controlled exposure experiment. The study was conducted using domesticated farmed blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) as a model species. Two groups of newly weaned male foxes received a diet supplemented with either minke whale (Baleneoptera acutorostrata) blubber that was naturally contaminated with POP (exposed group, n = 5 or 21), or pork (Sus scrofa) fat (control group, n = 5 or 21). When the foxes were 6 mo old and had received the 2 diets for approximately 4 mo (147 d), effects of the dietary exposure to POP on plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), thyroid hormones (TH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), retinol (vitamin A), and tocopherol (viramin E) were examined. At sampling, the total body concentrations of 104 PCB congeners were 0.1 ± 0.03 μg/g lipid weight (l.w.; n = 5 [mean ± standard deviation]) and 1.5 ± 0.17 μg/g l.w. (n = 5) in the control and exposed groups, respectively. Plasma testosterone concentrations in the exposed male foxes were significantly lower than in the control males, being approximately 25% of that in the exposed foxes. There were no between-treatment differences for TH, TSH, retinol, or tocopherol. The results suggest that the high POP levels experienced by costal populations of Arctic foxes, such as in Svalbard and Iceland, may result in delayed masculine maturation during adolescence. Sex hormone disruption during puberty may thus have lifetime consequences on all aspects of reproductive function in adult male foxes.

  14. Estudo da mutação do recetor do fator de crescimento epidérmico, durante 5 anos, numa população de doentes com cancro do pulmão de não pequenas células

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    A.S. Castro

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Introdução: Em 2006, a Unidade de Pneumologia Oncológica do Serviço de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho iniciou a sequenciação da mutação do recetor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR em doentes com CPNPC selecionados e desde 2010 realiza a sequenciação sistematicamente em todos os doentes, independentemente da histologia, hábitos tabágicos, idade ou sexo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o grupo de doentes que efetuou a sequenciação entre 2006-2010, determinar a frequência da mutação EGFR, avaliar as sobrevidas globais e após uso de inibidores da tirosina quinase (ITK, nos doentes que efetuaram esta terapêutica em 2.a e 3.a linha com conhecimento do estado da mutação do EGFR. Métodos: Análise estatística descritiva dos doentes que efetuaram sequenciação EGFR em 2006-2010 e sobrevida mediana global nos doentes que efetuaefetuaram ITK em 2.a e 3.a linha. Registo do material disponível para análise e demora média de resultado do exame, de acordo com o material enviado. Resultados: A sequenciação foi efetuada em 374 doentes, 71,1% sexo masculino, 67,1% não/ex-fumadores, 32,9% fumadores; 57,8% adenocarcinoma e 23,5% carcinoma epidermoide (CE. A mutação foi detetada em 49 doentes (13,1%. No total dos doentes estudados, a taxa de mutação foi de 9% no sexo masculino e 23% no sexo feminino. A sobrevida mediana global após o uso de erlotinib foi de 14 meses para os doentes com mutação positiva do EGFR versus 6 meses nos doentes não mutados (p = 0,003. Conclusão: O nosso grupo teve uma taxa de mutação global de 13,1%, com predomínio no sexo feminino, não fumadores, histologia adenocarcinoma. Em doentes selecionados (2006/2009, a taxa de mutação foi de 16%; nos doentes não selecionados (2010 foi de 10,4%. Este estudo tem vindo a permitir um melhor conhecimento da taxa de mutação do EGFR na população portuguesa, bem como avaliar os resultados das

  15. A novel missense mutation pattern of the GCH1 gene in dopa-responsive dystonia Novo padrão de mutação missense no gene GCH1 na distonia dopa-responsiva

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    Rosana H. Scola

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD is an inherited metabolic disorder now classified as DYT5 with two different biochemical defects: autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1 deficiency or autosomal recessive tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. We report the case of a 10-years-old girl with progressive generalized dystonia and gait disorder who presented dramatic response to levodopa. The phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio was significantly higher after phenylalanine loading test. This condition had two different heterozygous mutations in the GCH1 gene: the previously reported P23L mutation and a new Q182E mutation. The characteristics of the DRD and the molecular genetic findings are discussed.Distonia dopa-responsiva (DRD, classificada como DYT5, é um erro inato do metabolismo que pode ser causado por dois diferentes tipos de defeito bioquímico: deficiência de GTP ciclo-hidrolase 1 (GCH1 (autossômica dominante ou de tirosina hidroxilase (autossômica recessiva. Descrevemos o caso de menina de 10 anos com distonia generalizada progressiva e alteração da marcha com importante melhora após uso de levodopa. A relação fenilalanina/tirosina estava aumentada após teste de sobrecarga com fenilalanina. O estudo molecular mostrou que o paciente apresenta uma combinação hererozigótica de mutação no gene GCH1: a já conhecida mutação P23L e uma nova mutação Q182E. Discutem-se as características da DRD e as alterações genéticas possíveis.

  16. Hora do Herói:incidências de mutações culturais no brincar contemporâneo e implicações na aprendizagem

    OpenAIRE

    Soares, Leila da Franca

    2014-01-01

    Esta tese trata de uma investigação, de natureza qualitativa, sobre a incidência de mutações culturais no brincar contemporâneo da criança de quatro a cinco anos e suas implicações na aprendizagem. Para alcançar esse objetivo, a autora realiza, primeiramente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica, contemplando referências da Antropologia, Sociologia, Filosofia e Psicanálise, além de outras da área da Educação Infantil, as quais lhe permitem discutir alguns conceitos fundamentais ao desenv...

  17. Fine-scale population genetic structure of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the High Arctic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Sandra; Quiles, Adrien; Lambourdière, Josie; Berteaux, Dominique; Lalis, Aude

    2017-12-01

    The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a circumpolar species inhabiting all accessible Arctic tundra habitats. The species forms a panmictic population over areas connected by sea ice, but recently, kin clustering and population differentiation were detected even in regions where sea ice was present. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic structure of a population in the High Arctic using a robust panel of highly polymorphic microsatellites. We analyzed the genotypes of 210 individuals from Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, using 15 microsatellite loci. No pattern of isolation-by-distance was detected, but a spatial principal component analysis (sPCA) revealed the presence of genetic subdivisions. Overall, the sPCA revealed two spatially distinct genetic clusters corresponding to the northern and southern parts of the study area, plus another subdivision within each of these two clusters. The north-south genetic differentiation partly matched the distribution of a snow goose colony, which could reflect a preference for settling into familiar ecological environments. Secondary clusters may result from higher-order social structures (neighbourhoods) that use landscape features to delimit their borders. The cryptic genetic subdivisions found in our population may highlight ecological processes deserving further investigations in arctic foxes at larger, regional spatial scales.

  18. Environmental contaminants in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Svalbard: Relationships with feeding ecology and body condition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fuglei, E. [Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromso (Norway)]. E-mail: eva.fuglei@npolar.no; Bustnes, J.O. [Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Division of Arctic Ecology, Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromso (Norway); Hop, H. [Norwegian Polar Institute, The Polar Environmental Centre, N-9296 Tromso (Norway); Mork, T. [National Veterinary Institute, Regional Laboratory, N-9292 Tromso (Norway); Bjoernfoth, H. [MTM Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Orebro University, 701 82 Orebro (Sweden); Bavel, B. van [MTM Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Orebro University, 701 82 Orebro (Sweden)

    2007-03-15

    Adipose tissues from 20 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) of both sexes from Svalbard were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE), chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations. Gender (0.43 < p < 0.97) and age (0.15 < p < 0.95) were not significantly related to any of the organohalogen groups. Body condition showed a significant inverse relationship with {sigma}PBDE, {sigma}Chlordane and HCB, suggesting that increased tissue contaminant concentrations are associated with depletion of adipose tissue. The seasonal cyclic storage and mobilisation of adipose tissue, characteristic in Arctic wildlife, may then provide increased input of contaminants to sensitive, vital effect organs. Trophic position was estimated by {delta} {sup 15}N from muscle samples and showed significantly positive relationship with all contaminants, with the exception of HCB concentrations. This indicates that foxes feeding at high trophic levels had higher tissue contaminant levels as a result of bioaccumulation in the food chain. - High contaminant concentrations in the coastal ecotype of arctic fox may cause toxic health effects due to huge annual cyclic variation in storage and mobilisation of adipose tissue.

  19. Genetic structure of the Caribbean giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta using the I3-M11 partition of COI

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Legentil, S.; Pawlik, J. R.

    2009-03-01

    In recent years, reports of sponge bleaching, disease, and subsequent mortality have increased alarmingly. Population recovery may depend strongly on colonization capabilities of the affected species. The giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta is a dominant reef constituent in the Caribbean. However, little is known about its population structure and gene flow. The 5'-end fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I is often used to address these kinds of questions, but it presents very low intraspecific nucleotide variability in sponges. In this study, the usefulness of the I3-M11 partition of COI to determine the genetic structure of X. muta was tested for seven populations from Florida, the Bahamas and Belize. A total of 116 sequences of 544 bp were obtained for the I3-M11 partition corresponding to four haplotypes. In order to make a comparison with the 5'-end partition, 10 sequences per haplotype were analyzed for this fragment. The 40 resulting sequences were of 569 bp and corresponded to two haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity of the I3-M11 partition (π = 0.00386) was higher than that of the 5'-end partition (π = 0.00058), indicating better resolution at the intraspecific level. Sponges with the most divergent external morphologies (smooth vs. digitate surface) had different haplotypes, while those with the most common external morphology (rough surface) presented a mixture of haplotypes. Pairwise tests for genetic differentiation among geographic locations based on F ST values showed significant genetic divergence between most populations, but this genetic differentiation was not due to isolation by distance. While limited larval dispersal may have led to differentiation among some of the populations, the patterns of genetic structure appear to be most strongly related to patterns of ocean currents. Therefore, hydrological features may play a major role in sponge colonization and need to be considered in future plans for management and

  20. Antivenom Effects of 1,2,3-Triazoles against Bothrops jararaca and Lachesis muta Snakes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Domingos, Thaisa F. S.; Moura, Laura de A.; Carvalho, Carla; Campos, Vinícius R.; Jordão, Alessandro K.; Cunha, Anna C.; Ferreira, Vitor F.; de Souza, Maria Cecília B. V.; Sanchez, Eladio F.; Fuly, André L.

    2013-01-01

    Snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins of both enzymes and nonenzymes, which are responsible for producing several biological effects. Human envenomation by snake bites particularly those of the viperid family induces a complex pathophysiological picture characterized by spectacular changes in hemostasis and frequently hemorrhage is also seen. The present work reports the ability of six of a series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives to inhibit some pharmacological effects caused by the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Lachesis muta. In vitro assays showed that these compounds were impaired in a concentration-dependent manner, the fibrinogen or plasma clotting, hemolysis, and proteolysis produced by both venoms. Moreover, these compounds inhibited biological effects in vivo as well. Mice treated with these compounds were fully protected from hemorrhagic lesions caused by such venoms. But, only the B. jararaca edema-inducing activity was neutralized by the triazoles. So the inhibitory effect of triazoles derivatives against some in vitro and in vivo biological assays of snake venoms points to promising aspects that may indicate them as molecular models to improve the production of effective antivenom or to complement antivenom neutralization, especially the local pathological effects, which are partially neutralized by antivenoms. PMID:23710441

  1. Mineral density and biomechanical properties of bone tissue from male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to organochlorine contaminants and emaciation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sonne, Christian; Wolkers, Hans; Rigét, Frank F

    2008-01-01

    We investigated the impact from dietary OC (organochlorine) exposure and restricted feeding (emaciation) on bone mineral density (BMD; g hydroxy-apatite cm(-2)) in femoral, vertebrate, skull and baculum osteoid tissue from farmed Arctic blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus). For femur, also biomechanical......), energy absorption (J) and time (s) biomechanical properties than fat winter foxes (all pbones from fasting which is in agreement with previous studies. Further, it should be kept in mind when studying bone tissues in Arctic mammals also in order to avoid...... tissue of ca. 1700 ng/g live mass in the 8 EXP fat foxes euthanized after 16 months. A control group (CON) composed of 15 foxes were fed equal daily caloric amounts of clean pork (Sus scrofa) fat. After 16 months, 8 EXP and 7 CON foxes were euthanized (mean body mass=9.25 kg) while the remaining 8 EXP...

  2. Inventory of montane-nesting birds in Katmai and Lake Clark national parks and preserves

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Tibbitts, Lee; Gill, Robert E.; Handel, Colleen M.

    2007-01-01

    As part of the National Park Service’s Inventory and Monitoring Program, biologists from the U. S. Geological Survey’s Alaska Science Center conducted an inventory of birds in montane regions of Katmai and Lake Clark National Parks and Preserves during 2004–2006. We used a stratified random survey design to allocate samples by ecological subsection. To survey for birds, we conducted counts at 468 points across 29, 10-km x 10-km (6.2-mi x 6.2-mi) sample plots in Katmai and 417 points across 25, 10-km x 10-km sample plots in Lake Clark. We detected 92 and 104 species in Katmai and Lake Clark, respectively, including 40 species of conservation concern. We detected three species not previously recorded in Katmai (Ring-necked Duck [Aythya collaris], Lesser Scaup [Aythya affinis], and White-tailed Ptarmigan [Lagopus leucurus]) and two species not previously recorded in Lake Clark (Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus ] and Olive-sided Flycatcher [Contopus cooperi]). The most commonly detected species in both parks was Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla); Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) and American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) were abundant and widely-distributed as well. We defined sites as low (100–350 m), middle (351–600 m), or high (601–1,620 m) elevation based on the distribution of vegetation cover, and similarly categorized the 34 most-commonly detected species based on the mean elevation of sample points at which they were detected. High elevation (i.e., alpine) sites were characterized by high percent cover of dwarf shrub and bare ground habitat and supported species like Rock Ptarmigan (L. mutus), American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Wandering Tattler (Tringa incana), Surfbird (Aphriza virgata), and Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), all species of conservation concern. This inventory represents the first systematic survey of birds nesting in montane regions of both parks. Results from this inventory can form the foundation of

  3. Influence of life history strategies on sensitivity, population growth and response to climate for sympatric alpine birds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Scott

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The life history strategy of a species can influence how populations of that species respond to environmental variation. In this study, we used a matrix modeling approach to examine how life history differences among sympatric rock and white-tailed ptarmigan affect the influence of demographic rates on population growth (λ and the potential response to a changing climate. Rock ptarmigan have a slower life history strategy than white-tailed ptarmigan in the study region with lower annual reproductive effort but higher adult survival. Results Based on data from a 5-year field study, deterministic estimates of λ indicated that populations were stable for rock ptarmigan (λ = 1.01, but declining for white-tailed ptarmigan (λ = 0.96. The demographic rates with the highest elasticity for rock ptarmigan were the survival of after-second year females, followed by juvenile survival and success of the first nest. For white-tailed ptarmigan, juvenile survival had the highest elasticity followed by success of the first nest and survival of second-year females. Incorporating stochasticity into the demographic rates led to a 2 and 4% drop in λ for rock and white-tailed ptarmigan respectively. Using data from the first three years we also found that population growth rates of both species were depressed following an increased frequency of severe years, but less so for rock ptarmigan which showed greater resilience under these conditions. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that populations of closely related species can vary in their response to environmental change as a consequence of life history differences. Rock ptarmigan, with a slower life history, are more responsive to demographic rates that influence survival and older life stages but this response is tempered by the extent of variability in each of the rates. Thus, predictions need to consider both aspects in modeling population response to a varying climate

  4. Importância da detecção das mutações no gene FLT3 e no gene NPM1 na leucemia mieloide aguda - Classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde 2008 Importance of detecting FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia -World Health Organization Classification 2008

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marley Aparecida Licínio

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available As leucemias mieloides agudas (LMA constituem um grupo de neoplasias malignas caracterizadas pela proliferação descontrolada de células hematopoéticas, decorrente de mutações que podem ocorrer em diferentes fases da diferenciação de células precursoras mieloides. Em 2008, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS-2008 publicou uma nova classificação para neoplasias do sistema hematopoético e linfoide. De acordo com essa classificação, para um diagnóstico mais preciso e estratificação de prognóstico de pacientes com leucemias mieloides agudas, devem-se pesquisar mutações nos genes FLT3 e NPM1. Sabe-se que a presença de mutações no gene FLT3 é de prognóstico desfavorável e que as mutações no gene NPM1 do tipo A são de prognóstico favorável. Assim, nos países desenvolvidos, a análise das mutações no gene FLT3 e NPM1 tem sido considerada como um fator de prognóstico importante na decisão terapêutica em pacientes com diagnóstico de leucemias mieloides agudas. Considerando essas informações, é de extrema importância a análise das mutações no gene FLT3 (duplicação interna em tandem - DIT - e mutação pontual D835 e no gene NPM1 como marcadores moleculares para o diagnóstico, o prognóstico e a monitoração de doença residual mínima em pacientes com leucemias mieloides agudas.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML is a group of malignancies characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic cells resulting from mutations that occur at different stages in the differentiation of myeloid precursor cells. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO-2008 published a new classification for cancers of the hematopoietic and lymphoid system. According to this classification, FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations should be investigated for a more precise diagnosis and prognostic stratification of AML patients. It is well known that the presence of FLT3 gene mutations is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor and type

  5. Frequency of the different mutations causing spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 and DRPLA in a large group of Brazilian patients Freqüência das mutações que causam ataxia espinocerebelar (SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 e DRPLA em um grupo numeroso de pacientes Brasileiros

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    Iscia Lopes-Cendesi

    1997-09-01

    genes responsáveis pelas três doenças. Portanto, para SCA 1, SCA2 e MJD/SCA3 o diagnóstico molecular é agora possível. A atrofia dentatorubropalidoluisiana (DRPLA é também causada pela expansão de trinucleotídeos CAG e pode por vezes se apresentar como uma SCA. Nós investigamos a freqüência das mutações responsáveis por SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 e DRPLA em um grupo de 328 pacientes brasileiros com SCA pertencentes a 90 famílias não aparentadas. Esses pacientes apresentavam padrões diferentes de herança genética e eram provenientes de várias regiões do Brasil. Nós identificamos mutações em 35 famílias, 32 das quais com herança claramente autossômica dominante. A freqüência da mutação SGA1 foi de 3% no grupo total de pacientes, e 6% nos pacientes com herança autossômica dominante. Nós encontramos a mutação SCA2 em 6% de todas as famílias e em 9% das famílias com herança autossômica dominante. A mutação MJD/SCA3 foi encontrada em 30% de todos os pacientes, e em 44% quando consideramos somente os pacientes com herança autossômica dominante. Nenhuma mutação DRPLA foi encontrada. Nós observamos também variabilidade na freqüência das diferentes mutações em pacientes provenientes de diferentes regiões geográficas, o que provavelmente se correlaciona com os padrões distintos de colonização do Brasil. Nossos resultados sugerem que os casos de SCA no Brasil podem ser causados ocasionalmente pela mutação SCA1 e SCA2, mas que a causa mais freqüente de SCA de herança autossômica dominante no Brasil é a mutação MJD/SCA3.

  6. O fenômeno da modificação informal da Constituição: a mutação por interpretação Constitucional

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    Anarda Pinheiro Araújo

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Análise sobre o fenômeno da modificação informal da Constituição através da dinâmica de seus enunciados e da interpretação como meio de mutação constitucional. Relata, primeiramente, um breve histórico sobre o conceito de Constituição, bem como sua estreita relação com a realidade social cambiante no processo dinâmico de seus enunciados. Permanência e dinamismo se encontram como ponto chave da questão. Identifica o processo de mutação constitucional, enfocando seu conceito, terminologias adotadas, fundamento, importância, ocorrência, diferenciação de reforma constitucional e, por fim, sua relação com o dinamismo normativo. Discorre sobre interpretação constitucional como medida eficaz no processo de adequação constitucional à realidade. Apresenta sua importância, os sujeitos interpretativos, as diretrizes e métodos hermenêuticos, a distinção da interpretação constitucional das demais normas do ordenamento jurídico, a sua função criativa e o incentivo às transformações, bem como seus limites. Conclui ser imprescindível e de tamanha importância o uso da interpretação constitucional como meio transformador dos enunciados constitucionais.

  7. 'Black star': uma mutação somática natural da uva fina de mesa cv. Brasil

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    Sergio Ruffo Roberto

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available A uva fina de mesa 'Black Star', originada de uma mutação somática da uva cv. Brasil em Marialva-PR, é descrita quanto às suas principais características físico-químicas e produtivas. Suas bagas, com sementes, apresentam formato elipsoide alongado com coloração vermelho-escura, tendendo ao preto durante a maturação plena. O ciclo, o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham-se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis de 14ºBrix, 0,6% de ácido tartárico e índice de maturação de 21. Trata-se de nova cultivar de uva fina de mesa com potencial de cultivo no Brasil.

  8. Analysis of genomic instability in primary spermatocytes of interspecific hybrids of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika; Pawlina, Klaudia; Jakubczak, Andrzej; Jeżewska-Witkowska, Grażyna

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this study was to analyse meiotic cells of male interspecific hybrids of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). To this end we determined stages of meiotic cells as well as carried out FISH analyses with probes specific to heterosomes and a TUNEL assay on synaptonemal complex preparations. The meiotic cell analysis revealed only the presence of stages of the first meiotic division from leptotene to pachytene. Moreover, we observed an increased level of early dissociation of the X-Y bivalent as well as a high percentage of apoptotic cells. These results indicate the disruption of meiotic division in male hybrids manifested through meiotic arrest of the cells. Faulty pairing of the heterosomes can be considered as one of the causes leading to the initiation of the apoptotic process.

  9. Assessing the causes of breeding failure among the rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus during the nestling period

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    Ivan Pokrovsky

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available When food becomes scarce, the youngest nestlings in facultatively siblicidal raptor species typically die and such events are usually attributed to siblicide. Here we present results from an investigation in the Arctic tundra, in which rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus breeding success was monitored with regular visits to nests and time-lapse cameras that continuously recorded the activity of chicks and their parents. The study took place in the Nenetsky Nature Reserve (68°20′N, 53°18′E in the Russian Arctic, in 2007 10. It included 26 cases of chick mortality in 19 nests. The camera monitoring led us to discover instances of scavenging of chicks that had died due to starvation or bad weather in two nests. Camera monitoring also led us to discover how a sequence of abrupt weather shifts, between hot and sunny conditions and heavy rain, probably caused the death of nestlings in two nests. Detailed nest monitoring is required to avoid the mistaken attribution of such deaths to siblicide. Such extreme weather events may become more common with climate change and represent a new potential factor affecting rough-legged buzzards breeding success in the southern Arctic.

  10. Physiological adaptations to fasting in an actively wintering canid, the Arctic blue fox (Alopex lagopus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mustonen, Anne-Mari; Pyykönen, Teija; Puukka, Matti; Asikainen, Juha; Hänninen, Sari; Mononen, Jaakko; Nieminen, Petteri

    2006-01-01

    This study investigated the physiological adaptations to fasting using the farmed blue fox (Alopex lagopus) as a model for the endangered wild arctic fox. Sixteen blue foxes were fed throughout the winter and 32 blue foxes were fasted for 22 d in Nov-Dec 2002. Half of the fasted blue foxes were food-deprived again for 22 d in Jan-Feb 2003. The farmed blue fox lost weight at a slower rate (0.97-1.02% body mass d(-1)) than observed previously in the arctic fox, possibly due to its higher initial body fat content. The animals experienced occasional fasting-induced hypoglycaemia, but their locomotor activity was not affected. The plasma triacylglycerol and glycerol concentrations were elevated during phase II of fasting indicating stimulated lipolysis, probably induced by the high growth hormone concentrations. The total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, urea, uric acid and total protein levels and the urea:creatinine ratio decreased during fasting. Although the plasma levels of some essential amino acids increased, the blue foxes did not enter phase III of starvation characterized by stimulated proteolysis during either of the 22-d fasting procedures. Instead of excessive protein catabolism, it is liver dysfunction, indicated by the increased plasma bilirubin levels and alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, that may limit the duration of fasting in the species.

  11. Actividad in vitro de los venenos de Lachesis muta y Bothrops atrox sobre la viabilidad y desarrollo embrionario de los huevos de Ascaris suum

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    Claudia Paredes

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Los venenos de serpientes son concentrados polienzimáticos cuya actividad biológica sobre algunas bacterias y protozoos ha sido comprobada. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue estudiar la actividad in vitro de los venenos totales de las serpientes Lachesis muta y Bothrops atrox sobre la viabilidad y el desarrollo embrionario de los huevos de Ascaris suum. Se emplearon los venenos totales en concentraciones de 2, 4, 8 y 16 mg/mL sobre huevos no embrionados y larvados in vitro. Se comparó la actividad de los venenos con la de otras sustancias como el hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25%, Albendazol (solución comercial y solución salina. Ambos venenos, en concentraciones de 4, 8 y 16 mg/mL, inhibieron la blastulación de estos huevos; hasta el sexto día de incubación; en cambio en concentración de 2 mg/mL la inhibición se dio hasta el cuarto día. Posteriormente iniciaron un proceso de embrionación aparentemente normal hasta la formación del estadio infectante. El veneno de B. atrox fue el que presentó el mayor efecto inhibitorio en concentración de 16 mg/mL. El hipoclorito de sodio destruyó el 100% de los huevos, mientras el albendazol ocasionó que los huevos iniciaran un proceso de segmentación anormal que originó su degeneración. Se concluye que los venenos de L. muta y B. atrox muestran actividad inhibitoria al inicio de la blastulación de los huevos de A. suum y no ejercen ningún efecto en los huevos larvados.

  12. HIV-1 subtypes and mutations associated to antiretroviral drug resistance in human isolates from Central Brazil Subtipos e mutações associadas à resistência aos anti-retrovirais em isolados de HIV-1 do Distrito Federal

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    Daniela Marreco Cerqueira

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available The detection of polymorphisms associated to HIV-1 drug-resistance and genetic subtypes is important for the control and treatment of HIV-1 disease. Drug pressure selects resistant variants that carry mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT and protease (PR genes. For a contribution to the public health authorities in planning the availability of therapeutic treatment, we therefore described the genetic variability, the prevalence of mutations associated to drug resistance and the antiretroviral resistance profile in HIV-1 isolates from infected individuals in Central Brazil. Nineteen HIV-1 RNA samples from a Public Health Laboratory of the Federal District were reversely transcribed and cDNAs were amplified by nested PCR. One fragment of 297 bp coding the entire protease gene, and another of 647 bp, corresponding to the partial RT gene (codons 19-234, were obtained. Automated sequencing and BLAST analysis revealed the presence of 17 B and 2 F1 HIV-1 subtypes. The amino acid sequences were analyzed for the presence of resistance-associated mutations. A total of 6 PR mutations, 2 major and 4 accessory, and 8 RT mutations related to drug resistance were found. Our data suggest a high prevalence of HIV-1 B subtype in the studied population of Federal District as well as the presence of genetically-resistant strains in individuals failing treatment.A detecção de polimorfismos do HIV-1 que estejam associados à resistência às drogas anti-retrovirais e aos subtipos genéticos é importante para o controle e tratamento da infecção pelo HIV-1. A pressão exercida pela terapia anti-retroviral seleciona variantes resistentes com mutações nos genes virais da transcriptase reversa (RT e da protease (PR. Assim, visando contribuir com as autoridades de saúde pública na perspectiva de planejar a disponibilidade de um tratamento terapêutico, nós descrevemos a variabilidade genética e a prevalência de mutações associadas à resist

  13. B chromosome in Plantago lagopus Linnaeus, 1753 shows preferential transmission and accumulation through unusual processes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhar, Manoj K.; Kour, Gurmeet; Kaul, Sanjana

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Plantago lagopus is a diploid (2n = 2x =12) weed belonging to family Plantaginaceae. We reported a novel B chromosome in this species composed of 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and other repetitive elements. In the present work, presence of B chromosome(s) was confirmed through FISH on root tip and pollen mother cells. Several experiments were done to determine the transmission of B chromosome through male and female sex tracks. Progenies derived from the reciprocal crosses between plants with (1B) and without (0B) B chromosomes were studied. The frequency of B chromosome bearing plants was significantly higher than expected, in the progeny of 1B female × 0B male. Thus, the B chromosome seems to have preferential transmission through the female sex track, which may be due to meiotic drive. One of the most intriguing aspects of the present study was the recovery of plants having more chromosomes than the standard complement of 12 chromosomes. Such plants were isolated from the progenies of B chromosome carrying plants. The origin of these plants can be explained on the basis of a two step process; formation of unreduced gametes in 1B plants and fusion of unreduced gametes with the normal gametes or other unreduced gametes. Several molecular techniques were used which unequivocally confirmed similar genetic constitution of 1B (parent) and plants with higher number of chromosomes. PMID:28919970

  14. Tecnologia alternativa para a quebra de dormência das sementes de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae Alternative technology for breaking dormancy of balsa wood (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae seeds

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    Antenor P. Barbosa

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho, teve como objetivo estudar a germinação das sementes de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae em diferentes estágios de maturação aparente dos frutos; a germinação das sementes provenientes de árvores com diferentes diâmetros a altura do peito (DAP e a germinação das sementes tratadas para quebra de dormência. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a germinação das sementes dos frutos verdes, verdosos (verde amarelado, negros (fruto fechado e negros deiscentes (fruto aberto com painas expostas. No segundo, a germinação das sementes de árvores da mesma idade e com diferentes DAP's: pequeno (5,4 cm, médio (9,1 cm e grande (13,2 cm. No terceiro, a germinação das sementes com diferentes quebra de dormência: testemunha; água por 24 e 48 horas; água a 80ºC até esfriar; H2SO4 por ½ e 1 minuto com e sem paina; queima da paina em peneira metálica; e semeio de sementes com a paina. As sementes germinaram em gerbox sobre papel de filtro, em câmara de germinação, nas temperaturas de 20ºC, 30ºC e 25ºC, no primeiro, segundo e terceiro experimentos, respectivamente. As sementes de pau-de-balsa germinaram melhor e mais rápido quando coletadas de frutos negros a negros deiscentes, ou quando coletadas de árvores com menor e médio diâmetros, ou quando tratadas com água quente a 80ºC até esfriar, ou com ácido sulfúrico por ½ ou 1 minuto com ou sem paina. Os tratamentos com ácido tem a vantagem de quebrar a dormência da semente e dissolver a paina. As sementes recém colhidas e germinadas não apresentaram dormência tegumentar.The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of "pau-de-balsa" (Ochroma lagopus Sw., Bombacaceae seed as a function of maturation stages of fruits, the germination of seeds harvested from trees with different diameters at height breast (DBH, and the germination of seed with different treatments to break dormancy. In the first experiment, the germination of seeds

  15. Correlates between feeding ecology and mercury levels in historical and modern arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus.

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    Natalia Bocharova

    Full Text Available Changes in concentration of pollutants and pathogen distribution can vary among ecotypes (e.g. marine versus terrestrial food resources. This may have important implications for the animals that reside within them. We examined 1 canid pathogen presence in an endangered arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus population and 2 relative total mercury (THg level as a function of ecotype ('coastal' or 'inland' for arctic foxes to test whether the presence of pathogens or heavy metal concentration correlate with population health. The Bering Sea populations on Bering and Mednyi Islands were compared to Icelandic arctic fox populations with respect to inland and coastal ecotypes. Serological and DNA based pathogen screening techniques were used to examine arctic foxes for pathogens. THg was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry from hair samples of historical and modern collected arctic foxes and samples from their prey species (hair and internal organs. Presence of pathogens did not correlate with population decline from Mednyi Island. However, THg concentration correlated strongly with ecotype and was reflected in the THg concentrations detected in available food sources in each ecotype. The highest concentration of THg was found in ecotypes where foxes depended on marine vertebrates for food. Exclusively inland ecotypes had low THg concentrations. The results suggest that absolute exposure to heavy metals may be less important than the feeding ecology and feeding opportunities of top predators such as arctic foxes which may in turn influence population health and stability. A higher risk to wildlife of heavy metal exposure correlates with feeding strategies that rely primarily on a marine based diet.

  16. Correlates between feeding ecology and mercury levels in historical and modern arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bocharova, Natalia; Treu, Gabriele; Czirják, Gábor Árpád; Krone, Oliver; Stefanski, Volker; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Unnsteinsdóttir, Ester Rut; Hersteinsson, Páll; Schares, Gereon; Doronina, Lilia; Goltsman, Mikhail; Greenwood, Alex D

    2013-01-01

    Changes in concentration of pollutants and pathogen distribution can vary among ecotypes (e.g. marine versus terrestrial food resources). This may have important implications for the animals that reside within them. We examined 1) canid pathogen presence in an endangered arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population and 2) relative total mercury (THg) level as a function of ecotype ('coastal' or 'inland') for arctic foxes to test whether the presence of pathogens or heavy metal concentration correlate with population health. The Bering Sea populations on Bering and Mednyi Islands were compared to Icelandic arctic fox populations with respect to inland and coastal ecotypes. Serological and DNA based pathogen screening techniques were used to examine arctic foxes for pathogens. THg was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry from hair samples of historical and modern collected arctic foxes and samples from their prey species (hair and internal organs). Presence of pathogens did not correlate with population decline from Mednyi Island. However, THg concentration correlated strongly with ecotype and was reflected in the THg concentrations detected in available food sources in each ecotype. The highest concentration of THg was found in ecotypes where foxes depended on marine vertebrates for food. Exclusively inland ecotypes had low THg concentrations. The results suggest that absolute exposure to heavy metals may be less important than the feeding ecology and feeding opportunities of top predators such as arctic foxes which may in turn influence population health and stability. A higher risk to wildlife of heavy metal exposure correlates with feeding strategies that rely primarily on a marine based diet.

  17. Neoliberalismo socioeconômico e mutações jurídicas do Estado moderno: o Estado Plurinacional boliviano

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    Martinho Martins Botelho

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as recentes modificações no ordenamento jurídico constitucional boliviano, no que tange à institucionalização do Estado Plurinacional, criado a partir do diálogo maior entre a democracia cultural, o direito e as instituições econômicas. Em 2009, fora aprovada a Constituição Política do Estado Plurinacional de Bolívia, depois de manifestação por meio de referendo. O legado da nova Constituição Política boliviana reside no desligamento com o antigo regime mais corporativista e voltado para a difusão de um ideal neoliberal socioeconômico.  A compreensão da nova categoria constitucional poderá contribuir para o levantamento de elementos que possibilitem a compreensão de novas mutações constitucionais e intervenções jurídicas na sociedade do século XXI. O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a recente crise do Estado boliviano e na institucionalização do Estado Plurinacional como uma demanda social para a superação das ideias neoliberais.

  18. Bibliotecile în societatea contemporană – provocări, mutaţii, perspective în context digital

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    Elena Tîrziman

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available În societatea contemporană, bibliotecile sunt o componenta activă a procesului de achiziţionare, prelucrare, comunicare, utilizare, conservare şi arhivare a resurselor informaţionale şi documentare. Pentru a-şi îndeplini menirea sunt obligate să răspundă provocărilor mediului electronic integrându-se noului context informaţional şi de comunicare. Sunt vizibile o serie de mutaţii care se produc la nivelul bibliotecii ca structură de informare şi documentare, la nivelul proceselor biblioteconomice şi a produselor şi serviciilor oferite, la nivelul profesiilor din domeniul ştiinţelor informării şi comunicării, la nivelul utilizatorului şi a nevoilor sale de informare. Asistăm astfel la transformarea bibliotecilor din biblioteci tradiţionale în biblioteci hybrid şi biblioteci cu importante colecţii digitale devenind instituţii manageri ai informaţiei şi cunoaşterii care îşi desfăşoară activităţile într-un nou context dominat de Tehnologiile Informaţiei şi Comunicării.

  19. Prevalence of C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene of Brazilian individuals with clinical suspicion of hereditary hemochromatosis Prevalência das mutações C282Y e H63D no gene HFE em indivíduos brasileiros com suspeita clínica de hemocromatose hereditária

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    Alessandro C. S. Ferreira

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Classical hereditary hemochromatosis is a recessive autosomal disease related to a systemic iron overload that is frequently related to C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene. In Brazil, reports on HFE gene mutation frequencies are rare, mainly in regards to a representative sample population. This study intended to determine the prevalence of C282Y and H63D mutations among individuals with clinical suspicion of hereditary hemochromatosis. A total of 1955 patients were studied with C282Y and H63D mutations being detected by the polymerase chain reaction technique followed by enzymatic restriction. The sample consisted of 76.6% men and 23.4% women. The highest percentage of analyzed individuals (56.9% was concentrated in the 41 to 60-year-old age group. Although there were no genic or genotypic differences between genders, a higher number of over 60-year-old women was observed. The C282Y mutation was found as homozygous in 2.9% of the cases and as heterozygous in 10.1%, while the H63D was homozygous in 4.3% and heterozygous in 30.6%. The C282Y and H63D mutant allele frequencies were 0.079 and 0.196, respectively. The highest frequency was observed for H63D which was in genetic equilibrium. This work is important to determine the genetic profile of the population with hereditary hemochromatosis in Brazi.A hemocromatose hereditária clássica (HH é uma doença autossômica recessiva caracterizada por uma sobrecarga sistêmica de ferro, a qual está freqüentemente relacionada às mutações C282Y e H63D no gene HFE. No Brasil, registros das freqüências das mutações no gene HFE são raros, principalmente envolvendo uma amostra representativa da população. Este estudo teve como objetivo a determinação da prevalência das mutações C282Y e H63D em indivíduos com suspeita clínica de HH. Para isto, foram estudados 1955 pacientes para os quais as mutações C282Y e H63D foram pesquisadas pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase

  20. Is alloparenting helpful for Mednyi Island arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus semenovi?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kruchenkova, Elena P.; Goltsman, Michael; Sergeev, Sergei; MacDonald, David W.

    2009-04-01

    The Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus semenovi population on Mednyi Island is completely isolated and subsists largely by scavenging on seabird colonies, which have remained abundant and spatio-temporally predictable for many years. We compared population data at the beginning of 1976/1978 and some time after 1994-2005, finding an 85% decline in fox numbers due to disease, to assess the effect of population size on social structure. A total of 81 groups of known size and composition was observed during this 29-year period. Overall, helpers (usually non-lactating yearling females) occurred in 25.7% of groups, and in 32.4% of groups there were two or three lactating females. Female engagement in alloparental behaviour decreased, but not statistically significantly, after the decline in population density. Total food availability was apparently constant throughout the study period, and therefore, the amount available per individual was much higher later in the study. Both communally nursing females and helpers brought food and helped to guard the litter. However, the benefits of communal rearing were unclear. While cubs were left without guards significantly more rarely in the groups with an additional adult, the number of cubs weaned per lactating female was greater in groups with one (3.93 ± 1.60), as opposed to two or three (3.06 ± 0.92), lactating females. Survival of cubs to 1 year of age in the groups with two lactating females and/or with helpers was lower than that in the families with one lactating female without helpers (22.2% vs 32.2%). Fewer second-generation litters were born to foxes produced by composite families than to those produced by pairs. Reproductive adults producing by pairs had, on average, 1.23 (±1.72) second-generation litters. In groups that initially included additional adults, the average number of second-generation litters per reproductive female was 0.21 (±0.49) and 0.46 (±0.81) litters per male. Thus, according to three measures

  1. Estudo das mutações C282Y, H63D e S65C do gene HFE em doentes brasileiros com sobrecarga de ferro Study of C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations in the HFE gene in Brazilian patients with iron overload

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo D. Cançado

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Hemocromatose é uma das doenças genéticas mais freqüentes no ser humano e uma das causas mais importantes de sobrecarga de ferro. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a freqüência das mutações C282Y, H63D e S65C do gene HFE em doentes brasileiros com sobrecarga de ferro, verificar a coexistência de anemia hemolítica hereditária, hepatite C e consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica nestes doentes e avaliar a influência destas variáveis sobre os depósitos de ferro do organismo. Saturação da transferrina, ferritina sérica e análise das mutações C282Y, H63D e S65C do gene HFE, pelo método da PCR, foram determinadas em cinqüenta doentes com sobrecarga de ferro atendidos no Hemocentro da Santa Casa de São Paulo entre janeiro de 2000 e maio de 2004. A freqüência de mutação do gene HFE nos doentes com sobrecarga de ferro foi de 76,0% (38/50. Saturação da transferrina e ferritina foram significativamente maiores nos doentes homozigotos para a mutação C282Y confirmando a correlação entre genótipo C282Y/C282Y e maior risco de sobrecarga de ferro. A coexistência de hepatite C, consumo excessivo de bebida alcoólica ou anemia hemolítica hereditária estão implicados em aumento dos estoques de ferro e constituem fator de risco adicional em pacientes com mutação do gene HFE para a condição de sobrecarga de ferro.Hemochromatosis is one of the most frequent genetic diseases in humans and one of the most important causes of iron overload. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations of the HFE gene in Brazilian patients with iron overload, to verify the coexistence of chronic hemolytic anemia, hepatitis C and excessive alcohol consumption and to evaluate the influence of these variables on body iron deposits. Transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and C282Y, H63D and S65C HFE gene mutations (by PCR method were determined in 50 patients with iron overload in the Hemocentro da

  2. Fuga da invisibilidade: mutações semióticas na imagem publicitária

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Klein

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Sem dúvida, o valor alcançado pela imagem em diversos suportes midiáticos tem como uma de suas conseqüências a visibilidade como um bem social e cultural. No caso da publicidade externa, a compulsão pela visibilidade transformou as cidades em entulhos de imagens fragmentadas e repetitivas. Instauraram-se, com isso, a repulsa e a anestesia do olhar, gerando paradoxalmente a invisibilidade pelo excesso. O que pretendemos, neste artigo, é, primeiro, discutir os problemas acerca da invisibilidade da imagem no espaço urbano e, em seguida, analisar mutações semióticas que buscam a saída da invisibilidade. Para tanto, nos servimos do estudo de duas peças de outdoor que deslocam e rearticulam elementos ligados a textos mágicos e religiosos, e trazem novas implicações semióticas para o olhar na publicidade. Palavras-chave: Publicidade; outdoor; semiótica; invisibilidade. ABSTRACT The valor that image has reached in its various mediatic supports has indeed rendered, as one of its consequences, the consideration of visibility as a cultural and social commodity. In the case of outdoorsadvertisement, the compulsion for visibility has transformed big cities into a dump of fragmented and repetitive images. This has provoked repulse and the anesthesia of the eyes, paradoxically causing invisibility. Our intention, in this article, is first to discuss the problems of invisibility of the image in the urban space and, second, to analyze the semiotic changes in search for visibility. Therefore, we study two cases of billboards which dislocate and rearticulate elements linked to magical and religious texts and undergo new semiotic implications for the gaze in the context of advertisement. Keywords: Advertisement; billboard; semiotics; invisibility.

  3. 'Haruna': uma nova mutação somática natural da videira 'Itália' 'Haruna': a new natural somatic mutation of 'Italia' grapevine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriane Marinho de Assis

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as principais características físico-químicas e produtivas da uva fina de mesa 'Haruna', uma nova mutação natural originada da cv. Itália, em Uraí-PR, Brasil. O formato das bagas, elipsoide alongado bastante expressivo, é uma das características que mais difere essa nova mutação da uva 'Itália'. As bagas apresentam coloração verde-clara, tendendo ao amarelo na maturação plena, com pincel e polpa verde, crocante, firme, textura carnosa e de sabor moscatel, enquanto os cachos apresentam formato cilíndrico-cônico. O ciclo, bem como o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham- se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis de 16,2ºBrix, superior à 'Itália, 0,5% de ácido tartárico e índice de maturação de 31,2. Trata-se de uma nova cultivar de uva fina de mesa com bom potencial de cultivo no Brasil.The aim of this study was to describe the main physical -chemical and productive characteristics of 'Haruna' table grape, a new natural mutation originated from cv. Italia, in Uraí, PR, Brazil. The berries present a very expressive large oval shape, which is the main characteristic that differ this new mutation from 'Italia' grape. The berries color is light green, tending to yellow at full maturity, with brush and flesh green, crunchy, firm, with fleshy texture and moscatel flavor, while the clusters present cylindrical-conical shape. The cycle, as well as the production performance and the susceptibility to fungal diseases is similar to the cv. Italia. During the full maturation, it has an average content of soluble solids of 16.2ºBrix, higher than 'Italia', 0.5% of tartaric acid and maturation index of 31.2. This is a new cultivar of fine table grape with potential for cultivation in Brazil.

  4. Estudo de mutações do gene CFTR e da concentração sérica da lectina ligante de manose (MBL) em crianças com fibrose cística identificadas pela triagem neonatal

    OpenAIRE

    Ribas, Danieli Isabel Romanovitch

    2014-01-01

    Orientador: Prof. Dr. Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho Co-orientadora: Profª. Drª. Lilian Pereira Ferrari Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna. Defesa : Curitiba, 19/12/2014 Inclui referências Resumo: A fibrose cística é uma doença hereditária autossômica recessiva, causada por mutações no gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator). Apresenta grande variação clínica, mesm...

  5. Primeiro relato de uma criança Brasileira portadora da mutação G188E do gene da lipoproteína lipase First report of a Brazilian child carrying the G188E mutation of lipoprotein lipase gene

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Tiemi Takata

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso de uma criança com hipertrigliceridemia grave por mutações do gene da lipoproteína lipase. DESCRIÇÃO DE CASO: Menino de três anos que apresentou, com um mês de idade, soro lipêmico. Seu perfil lipídico indicou hipertrigliceridemia grave, com concentrações de triglicerídeos plasmáticos iguais a 25000mg/dL. Foi detectada a mutação G188E no éxon 5 da lipoproteína lipase em homozigose na criança e em heterozigose nos pais. COMENTÁRIOS: A deficiência da lipoproteína lípase é uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva e esses pacientes evoluem com hipertrigliceridemia grave.OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a child with serious hypertriglyceridemia due to lipase lipoprotein gene mutation. CASE DESCRIPTION: A three-year-old boy presented with lipemic serum at one month of age. His lipid profile revealed serious hypertriglyceridemia with plasma triglycerides levels of 25,000mg/dL. A mutation G188E in éxon 5 of the lipoprotein lipase gene was detected in homozygosis for him and in heterozygosis for his parents. COMMENTS: The deficiency of the lipoprotein lipase is a recessive autossomal disease that causes severe hypertriglyceridemia.

  6. Mutações induzidas e uso de podas repetidas in vitro visandoao melhoramento de crisântemo.

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    Rodrigo Rocha Latado

    1999-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi induzir mutações em plantas de crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. in vitro, seguido de podas repetidas in vitro. Aproximadamente 105 plantas in vitro do cultivar Ingrid foram irradiadas com dose de 22,5 Gy de raios-gama e o avanço das gerações foi realizado por meio de podas repetidas in vitro com o subcultivo de ápices caulinares e segmentos de caule contendo gemas axilares. Durante o período de florescimento avaliou-se a freqüência de obtenção de mutantes e o tamanho de setores mutados, em plantas da geração Mv,-meristema apical até m 1 v 3' Como resultado, observou-se um total de 93 plantas mutantes (1 3,3 % do total de plantas avaliadas, sendo a maioria, mutantes de coloração de inflorescência. Não se observaram plantas mutantes no controle. Como efeito das podas, notou-se uma tendência à redução na freqüência de mutantes e ao aumento no tamanho dos setores mutados, a partir da geração MV,-gema axilar até a geração M1V3' Entre os nove diferentes tipos, três mutantes de coloração de inflorescência (marrom-avermelhado, chá-rosa e variegado estão sendo multiplicados para possível lançamento como novos cultivares.

  7. Organochlorine contaminant and stable isotope profiles in Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hoekstra, P.F.; Braune, B.M.; O' Hara, T.M.; Elkin, B.; Solomon, K.R.; Muir, D.C.G

    2003-04-01

    PCBs in Arctic fox are lower than reported in other Arctic populations and unlikely to cause significant impairment of reproductive success. - Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) is a circumpolar species distributed across northern Canada and Alaska. Arctic fox muscle and liver were collected at Barrow, AK, USA (n=18), Holman, NT, Canada (n=20), and Arviat, NU, Canada (n=20) to elucidate the feeding ecology of this species and relate these findings to body residue patterns of organochlorine contaminants (OCs). Stable carbon ({delta}{sup 13}C) and nitrogen ({delta}{sup 15}N) isotope analyses of Arctic fox muscle indicated that trophic position (estimated by {delta}{sup 15}N) is positively correlated with increasing {delta}{sup 13}C values, suggesting that Arctic fox with a predominately marine-based foraging strategy occupy a higher trophic level than individuals mostly feeding from a terrestrial-based carbon source. At all sites, the rank order for OC groups in muscle was polychlorinated biphenyls ({sigma}PCB) > chlordane-related compounds ({sigma}CHLOR) > hexachlorocyclohexane ({sigma}HCH) > total toxaphene (TOX) {>=}chlorobenzenes ({sigma}ClBz) > DDT-related isomers ({sigma}DDT). In liver, {sigma}CHLOR was the most abundant OC group, followed by {sigma}PCB > TOX > {sigma}HCH > {sigma}ClBz > {sigma}DDT. The most abundant OC analytes detected from Arctic fox muscle and liver were oxychlordane, PCB-153, and PCB-180. The comparison of {delta}{sup 15}N with OC concentrations indicated that relative trophic position might not accurately predict OC bioaccumulation in Arctic fox. The bioaccumulation pattern of OCs in the Arctic fox is similar to the polar bear. While {sigma}PCB concentrations were highly variable, concentrations in the Arctic fox were generally below those associated with the toxicological endpoints for adverse effects on mammalian reproduction. Further research is required to properly elucidate the potential health impacts to this species from exposure to OCs.

  8. Organochlorine contaminant and stable isotope profiles in Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) from the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hoekstra, P.F.; Braune, B.M.; O'Hara, T.M.; Elkin, B.; Solomon, K.R.; Muir, D.C.G.

    2003-01-01

    PCBs in Arctic fox are lower than reported in other Arctic populations and unlikely to cause significant impairment of reproductive success. - Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) is a circumpolar species distributed across northern Canada and Alaska. Arctic fox muscle and liver were collected at Barrow, AK, USA (n=18), Holman, NT, Canada (n=20), and Arviat, NU, Canada (n=20) to elucidate the feeding ecology of this species and relate these findings to body residue patterns of organochlorine contaminants (OCs). Stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope analyses of Arctic fox muscle indicated that trophic position (estimated by δ 15 N) is positively correlated with increasing δ 13 C values, suggesting that Arctic fox with a predominately marine-based foraging strategy occupy a higher trophic level than individuals mostly feeding from a terrestrial-based carbon source. At all sites, the rank order for OC groups in muscle was polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB) > chlordane-related compounds (ΣCHLOR) > hexachlorocyclohexane (ΣHCH) > total toxaphene (TOX) ≥chlorobenzenes (ΣClBz) > DDT-related isomers (ΣDDT). In liver, ΣCHLOR was the most abundant OC group, followed by ΣPCB > TOX > ΣHCH > ΣClBz > ΣDDT. The most abundant OC analytes detected from Arctic fox muscle and liver were oxychlordane, PCB-153, and PCB-180. The comparison of δ 15 N with OC concentrations indicated that relative trophic position might not accurately predict OC bioaccumulation in Arctic fox. The bioaccumulation pattern of OCs in the Arctic fox is similar to the polar bear. While ΣPCB concentrations were highly variable, concentrations in the Arctic fox were generally below those associated with the toxicological endpoints for adverse effects on mammalian reproduction. Further research is required to properly elucidate the potential health impacts to this species from exposure to OCs

  9. Duas classes de mutação na evolução de policitemia vera para leucemia mielóide aguda Two-hit model of leukemogenesis in the evolution of polycythemia vera to acute myeloid leukemia

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    Juliana C. C. Ribeiro

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Policitemia vera (PV é doença mieloproliferativa crônica com risco de transformação para mielofibrose ou para leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA na evolução da doença. Dez a 25% dos pacientes têm anormalidade citogenética ao diagnóstico, chegando a 50% com a progressão. Relatamos caso de PV com transformação para LMA no qual foi possível demonstrar a teoria de duas classes de mutação: uma indutora de proliferação e outra de bloqueio de maturação. Caso: Paciente feminina, 55 anos, PV diagnosticada em 2002, com mutação JAK2V617F, cariótipo normal, tratada com flebotomias e hidroxiureia. Em 2006 houve progressão para mielofibrose pós-policitêmica e novo cariótipo mostrou 46,XX,del(20(q13.1 em 4/20 metáfases. Análise por FISH para região 20q13 em amostra estocada confirmou a deleção ao diagnóstico. Após um ano houve transformação para LMA. A mutação JAK2V617F é suficiente para causar proliferação de precursores eritropoéticos, sendo o mecanismo fisiopatogênico primário na PV. Entretanto, a evolução da doença é heterogênea, sugerindo a ocorrência de fenômenos adicionais, levando à instabilidade genômica e contribuindo para a leucemogênese. O caso apresentado sustenta o modelo de dois passos na progressão da PV para LMA, no qual uma classe de mutação gênica confere vantagem proliferativa (JAK2V617F e outra classe bloqueia a diferenciação hematopoética (deleção 20q. Evidenciaram-se nessa paciente dois eventos contribuindo para a proliferação e para o bloqueio de maturação. Outros mecanismos devem estar implicados e estudos prospectivos devem ser encorajados na tentativa de elucidação dos diferentes passos envolvidos na leucemogênese.Polycythemia vera (PV is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder that can evolve to marrow fibrosis or acute leukemia (AML. Cytogenetic alterations can be detected in around 25% of patients at diagnosis and in up to 50% of those with progression. We report a

  10. Triagem neonatal de deficiência de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e prevalência das mutações G202A (G6PD A-) e C563T (G6PD Mediterrâneo) em Mato Grosso/Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Maria de Fatima de Carvalho Ferreira

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos: A deficiência de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase (G6PD) está associada a um maior risco de encefalopatia bilirrubínica e de crise hemolítica aguda grave desencadeada por drogas como a primaquina e a dapsona. Conhecer a prevalência dessa deficiência enzimática em área onde a malária e a hanseníase ainda estão presentes e conhecer a prevalência das principais mutações traz subsídios para planejamento de estratégias com vistas à redução de riscos associados a esta deficiência enzimáti...

  11. Re-colonization by common eiders Somateria mollissima in the Aleutian Archipelago following removal of introduced arctic foxes Vulpes lagopus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petersen, Margaret R.; Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Sexson, Matthew G.

    2015-01-01

    Islands provide refuges for populations of many species where they find safety from predators, but the introduction of predators frequently results in elimination or dramatic reductions in island-dwelling organisms. When predators are removed, re-colonization for some species occurs naturally, and inter-island phylogeographic relationships and current movement patterns can illuminate processes of colonization. We studied a case of re-colonization of common eiders Somateria mollissima following removal of introduced arctic foxes Vulpes lagopus in the Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska. We expected common eiders to resume nesting on islands cleared of foxes and to re-colonize from nearby islets, islands, and island groups. We thus expected common eiders to show limited genetic structure indicative of extensive mixing among island populations. Satellite telemetry was used to record current movement patterns of female common eiders from six islands across three island groups. We collected genetic data from these and other nesting common eiders at 14 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA control region to examine population genetic structure, historical fluctuations in population demography, and gene flow. Our results suggest recent interchange among islands. Analysis of microsatellite data supports satellite telemetry data of increased dispersal of common eiders to nearby areas and little between island groups. Although evidence from mtDNA is suggestive of female dispersal among island groups, gene flow is insufficient to account for recolonization and rapid population growth. Instead, near-by remnant populations of common eiders contributed substantially to population expansion, without which re-colonization would have likely occurred at a much lower rate. Genetic and morphometric data of common eiders within one island group two and three decades after re-colonization suggests reduced movement of eiders among islands and little movement between island groups after

  12. Mutações de resistência em gestantes infectadas pelo HIV: uma revisão da literatura = Resistance mutations in HIV-infected pregnant women: a literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pimenta, Ana Teresa Mancini

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão foi buscar na literatura dados sobre a prevalência de mutações de resistência do HIV aos antirretrovirais em gestantes infectadas pelo vírus. Materiais e Métodos: A busca e seleção de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde sem delimitação de data. Os termos utilizados na busca foram: pregnancy, HIV e drug resistance. Resultados: Foram encontrados 47 estudos relacionados ao assunto, realizados em 26 países, publicados no período de 1998 a 2014. A prevalência de resistência transmitida variou de zero a 18% enquanto a resistência adquirida variou de zero a 50% em amostras coletadas entre 1989 e 2013. Conclusão: Generalizar os resultados é inviável devido às diferentes características dos estudos. No entanto, o monitoramento contínuo da resistência do HIV aos antirretrovirais em cada localidade é essencial

  13. Limited dietary overlap amongst resident Arctic herbivores in winter: complementary insights from complementary methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schmidt, Niels M; Mosbacher, Jesper B; Vesterinen, Eero J; Roslin, Tomas; Michelsen, Anders

    2018-04-26

    Snow may prevent Arctic herbivores from accessing their forage in winter, forcing them to aggregate in the few patches with limited snow. In High Arctic Greenland, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan often forage in muskox feeding craters. We therefore hypothesized that due to limited availability of forage, the dietary niches of these resident herbivores overlap considerably, and that the overlap increases as winter progresses. To test this, we analyzed fecal samples collected in early and late winter. We used molecular analysis to identify the plant taxa consumed, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the dietary niche breadth and dietary overlap. The plant taxa found indicated only limited dietary differentiation between the herbivores. As expected, dietary niches exhibited a strong contraction from early to late winter, especially for rock ptarmigan. This may indicate increasing reliance on particular plant resources as winter progresses. In early winter, the diet of rock ptarmigan overlapped slightly with that of muskox and Arctic hare. Contrary to our expectations, no inter-specific dietary niche overlap was observed in late winter. This overall pattern was specifically revealed by combined analysis of molecular data and stable isotope contents. Hence, despite foraging in the same areas and generally feeding on the same plant taxa, the quantitative dietary overlap between the three herbivores was limited. This may be attributable to species-specific consumption rates of plant taxa. Yet, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan may benefit from muskox opening up the snow pack, thereby allowing them to access the plants.

  14. Prevalência da mutação ΔF508 no gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator em pacientes com fibrose cística em um centro de referência no Brasil Prevalence of ΔF508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene among cystic fibrosis patients from a Brazilian referral center

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréia Marisa Bieger

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença da mutação ΔF508 no gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator na população de pacientes com fibrose cística, diagnosticados pelo teste de sódio e cloro no suor, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, centro de referência no tratamento da fibrose cística. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 167 amostras de DNA de pacientes com fibrose cística. O genótipo dos pacientes foi determinado pela técnica de reação da polimerase e realizado cálculo para a frequência dos alelos e genótipos da mutação ΔF508. RESULTADOS: A frequência genotípica encontrada foi, respectivamente, para os genótipos -/-, ΔF508/- e ΔF508/ΔF508: 43,7% (73 pacientes, 32,9% (55 pacientes e 23,4% (39 pacientes. Do total de 334 alelos analisados, foi observada a frequência de 201 (60,18% alelos para a ausência da mutação ΔF508 e de 133 (39,82% para a presença da mutação ΔF508. O cálculo do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi realizado, e obtivemos o valor de qui-quadrado = 16,34 (p OBJECTIVE: To verify the presence of ΔF508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene among patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed by the sweat test for sodium and chlorine and followed at the Pediatric Pneumology Outpatient Clinic of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, a referral center for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. METHODS: The study analyzed 167 DNA samples from cystic fibrosis patients. Patients' genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and allele and genotype frequencies of ΔF508 mutation were calculated. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies found for -/-, ΔF508/-, and ΔF508/ΔF508 genotypes were respectively: 43.7% (73 patients, 32.9% (55 patients, and 23.4% (39 patients. Of the 334 alleles analyzed, we observed a frequency of 201 (60.18% alleles for the absence of ΔF508 mutation and of 133 (39.82% for the

  15. Mutações predisponentes à trombofilia em indivíduos de Minas Gerais - Brasil com suspeita clínica de trombose Predisposing thrombophilic mutations in individuals with clinical suspicion of thrombosis from Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sabrina P. Guimarães

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available A trombose é reconhecidamente uma doença de caráter multifatorial. Sua ocorrência está intimamente relacionada à presença de fatores genéticos e adquiridos que concorrem isoladamente ou em associação para o seu desencadeamento. No entanto, a frequência dos fatores genéticos pode variar de acordo com a origem étnica e com outros aspectos epidemiológicos dos grupos de indivíduos e populações estudadas. No Brasil, dados referentes a indivíduos brasileiros e em especial do estado de Minas Gerais são escassos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a frequência das mutações fator V Leiden e G20210A no gene protrombina em 1.103 indivíduos com suspeita clínica de trombofilia, empregando a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase seguida de restrição enzimática (PCR-RFLP. Os dados foram analisados usando-se o programa Epi Info versão 6.04. A amostra consistiu de 76,16% mulheres e 23,84% homens, com média de idade de 43,06± 14,65. A mutação fator V Leiden foi observada em heterozigose em 7,52% dos indivíduos e em 0,36% em homozigose. A mutação G20210A no gene da protrombina apresentou-se em heterozigose em 5,90% dos indivíduos e em homozigose em 0,18%. O presente trabalho mostra a importância dos testes genéticos conforme o perfil da população analisada, ressaltando informações epidemiológicas da população brasileira e benefícios clínicos.Thrombosis is known to be a multifactorial disease. Its incidence is directly related to the presence of genetic and acquired factors that concur separately or in association to its appearance. However, the frequency of genetic factors can vary according to ethnic background and with other epidemiological aspects of populations. Data from Brazilian individuals and especially those from the State of Minas Gerais are scarce. The present study aims at investigating the frequencies of the factor v Leiden and the G20210G prothrombin gene mutations of 1103 individuals

  16. Assessing radiocaesium bioavailability in birds separation of urates from faecal pellets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Clapp, J.; Beresford, N.A [Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Environment Centre, Lancaster (United Kingdom)

    2004-07-01

    Concomitant analyses of urine and faeces present a methodology whereby the bioavailability of dietary radionuclides can be estimated. Whilst the collection of urine from most wild animals is impractical, birds excrete urine in a semi-solid state making field collection possible. In birds the end product of nitrogen metabolism is uric acid which is combined with albumin, calcium and potassium cations as a laminated sphere 0.5 to 15 {mu}m in size. Urate spheres are passed as a colloidal suspension in a proteinaceous fluid composed predominantly of water, albumin and electrolytes giving the characteristic white dollop' to avian guano. Some herbivorous bird species (e.g. Lagopus spp.) excrete comparatively dry-pelleted guano with distinct urate (white) and faecal (brown) components. These are readily separable as they form the predominant constituents of the opposite ends of the cylindrically shaped pellet. This raises the hypothesis that the separation and analyses of the faecal and urate component of herbivorous bird pellets presents a possible methodology to estimate the bioavailability of ingested radionuclides (i.e. as the apparent absorption coefficient). Preliminary sampling and analyses determined that the radiocaesium content of the urate component of Lagopus spp. guano was consistently higher than the faecal tip. The results of a field sampling programme to test this hypothesis are discussed. Lagopus Lagopus scoticus (Red grouse) guano (separated into urate and faecal components), Calluna vulgaris (predominant dietary component of L. lagopus) and soil samples were collected over a period one year from an upland area in northern England. Comparison of the urate to faecal radiocaesium activity concentrations is used to investigate potential changes in the dietary radiocaesium of L. lagopus throughout the year. (author)

  17. Assessing radiocaesium bioavailability in birds separation of urates from faecal pellets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clapp, J.; Beresford, N.A

    2004-01-01

    Concomitant analyses of urine and faeces present a methodology whereby the bioavailability of dietary radionuclides can be estimated. Whilst the collection of urine from most wild animals is impractical, birds excrete urine in a semi-solid state making field collection possible. In birds the end product of nitrogen metabolism is uric acid which is combined with albumin, calcium and potassium cations as a laminated sphere 0.5 to 15 μm in size. Urate spheres are passed as a colloidal suspension in a proteinaceous fluid composed predominantly of water, albumin and electrolytes giving the characteristic white dollop' to avian guano. Some herbivorous bird species (e.g. Lagopus spp.) excrete comparatively dry-pelleted guano with distinct urate (white) and faecal (brown) components. These are readily separable as they form the predominant constituents of the opposite ends of the cylindrically shaped pellet. This raises the hypothesis that the separation and analyses of the faecal and urate component of herbivorous bird pellets presents a possible methodology to estimate the bioavailability of ingested radionuclides (i.e. as the apparent absorption coefficient). Preliminary sampling and analyses determined that the radiocaesium content of the urate component of Lagopus spp. guano was consistently higher than the faecal tip. The results of a field sampling programme to test this hypothesis are discussed. Lagopus Lagopus scoticus (Red grouse) guano (separated into urate and faecal components), Calluna vulgaris (predominant dietary component of L. lagopus) and soil samples were collected over a period one year from an upland area in northern England. Comparison of the urate to faecal radiocaesium activity concentrations is used to investigate potential changes in the dietary radiocaesium of L. lagopus throughout the year. (author)

  18. Resistance to ACCase inhibitors in Eleusine indica from Brazil involves a target site mutation Resistência aos inibidores de ACCase em Eleusine indica do Brasil envolve uma mutação na enzima alvo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.D. Osuna

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Eleusine indica (goosegrass is a diploid grass weed which has developed resistance to ACCase inhibitors during the last ten years due to the intensive and frequent use of sethoxydim to control grass weeds in soybean crops in Brazil. Plant dose-response assays confirmed the resistant behaviour of one biotype obtaining high resistance factor values: 143 (fenoxaprop, 126 (haloxyfop, 84 (sethoxydim to 58 (fluazifop. ACCase in vitro assays indicated a target site resistance as the main cause of reduced susceptibility to ACCase inhibitors. PCR-generated fragments of the ACCase CT domain of the resistant and sensitive reference biotype were sequenced and compared. A point mutation was detected within the triplet of aspartate at the amino acid position 2078 (referred to EMBL accession no. AJ310767 and resulted in the triplet of glycine. These results constitute the first report on a target site mutation for a Brazilian herbicide resistant grass weed.Eleusine indica (ELEIN é uma espécie monocotiledônea, diploide. No Brasil, ela desenvolveu resistência aos inibidores da ACCase durante os últimos dez anos, devido ao uso intensivo e frequente desses graminicidas para controlar plantas daninhas em lavouras de soja. Experimentos de dose-resposta realizados com a planta confirmaram a resistência de um biótipo. Houve elevada tolerância aos herbicidas, com fatores de resistência da ordem de 143 (fenoxaprop, 126 (haloxyfop, 84 (sethoxydim e 58 (fluazifop. Ensaios com a enzima ACCase in vitro indicaram a insensibilidade desta como a principal causa de suscetibilidade reduzida a esses herbicidas. Fragmentos de PCR gerados do domínio CT da enzima ACCase dos biótipos resistente e sensível de referência foram sequenciados e comparados. Foi detectada uma mutação dentro do tripleto de asparagina na posição do aminoácido 2078 (referente ao acesso número AJ310767 no EMBL, que resultou no tripleto de glicina. Esses resultados constituem o primeiro caso

  19. CHEK2 1100DELC germline mutation: a frequency study in hereditary breast and colon cancer Brazilian families Mutação germinativa 1100delC no gene CHEK2: estudo da frequência em famílias brasileiras com câncer de mama e cólon hereditários

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    Jamile Abud

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXT: CHEK2 encodes a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in the DNA damage repair pathway, activated mainly by ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. A germline mutation in CHEK2, 1100delC, has been described as a low penetrance allele in a significant number of families with breast and colorectal cancer in certain countries and is also associated with increased risk of contralateral breast cancer in women previously affected by the disease. About 5%-10% of all breast and colorectal cancers are associated with hereditary predisposition and its recognition is of great importance for genetic counseling and cancer risk management. OBJECTIVES: Here, we have assessed the frequency of the CHEK2 1100delC mutation in the germline of 59 unrelated Brazilian individuals with clinical criteria for the hereditary breast and colorectal cancer syndrome. METHODS: A long-range PCR strategy followed by gene sequencing was used. RESULTS: The 1100delC mutation was encountered in the germline of one (1.7% individual in this high risk cohort. This indicates that the CHEK2 1100delC is not commonly encountered in Brazilian families with multiple diagnoses of breast and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: These results should be confirmed in a larger series of families and further testing should be undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the hereditary breast and colorectal cancer phenotype.INTRODUÇÃO: CHEK2 codifica uma proteína quinase envolvida em um ponto de checagem do ciclo celular que desempenha um papel importante na via de reparação do DNA, danos ativados principalmente por ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutado em resposta a danos na dupla hélice do DNA. A mutação germinativa 1100delC no gene CHEK2 tem sido descrita como um alelo de baixa penetrância em um número significativo de famílias com câncer de mama e cólon em certos países e também está associada com risco

  20. Modulation of antioxidant enzymes as radioprotector mechanism of oligo elements and lachesis muta in normal tissues; Modulacion de enzimas antioxidantes como mecanismo radioprotector de oligoelementos y lachesis muta en tejidos normales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crescenti, E.; Croci, M. [Instituto de Inmunooncologia, Cordoba 3200, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Mohamad, N.; Medina, V.; Sambuco, L.; Gutierrez, A.; Nunez, M.; Martin, G.; Cricco, G.; Bergoc, R.; Rivera, E. [Laboratorio de Radioisotopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junin 956. Buenos Aires, (Argentina)]. e-mail: crescentilab@fibertel.com.ar

    2006-07-01

    The therapeutic use of the ionizing radiations (IR) it has acquired great relevance in the last decades although their effects are not selective and they are also manifested on the normal tissues. In previous works we demonstrate the radioprotector effect that the combination of oligo elements Zinc, Selenium and Manganese associated to the snake poison Lachesis muta (O-LM) it exercises on the small intestine and the bone marrow of irradiated mouse. The objective of this work was to study the molecular mechanisms, and particularly the paper of the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutases enzymes (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), in the radioprotector action that exercises the combination O-LM. Four groups of mice were used: A) control; B) treated with O-LM; C) irradiated; D) irradiated and treated with O-LM. The two treated groups were injected daily via s.c. with 0,1 ml of O-LM from 30 days before the irradiation and until to 4 days later. The two irradiated groups received 10 Gy in whole body the day 30. The day 35 all the animals were sacrificed. The histological intestinal cuts of the mucous one were evaluated by tint with hematoxyline-eosin; the presence of apoptotic cells it was determined by the Tunel method (Apoptag kit); the expression of PCNA (nuclear antigen of proliferating cells), MnSOD, CuZnSOD, CAT and GPx, by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that in the lot D it was preserved totally the histology of the intestinal mucous. In the control A it was observed PCNA expression in the crypts, of MnSOD in the hairiness and CuZnSOD, CAT and Gpx in both. The change produced by O-LM (group B) it was the increase of PCNA, of CAT and the appearance of MnSOD in the crypts. On the other hand, the irradiation (C) it produced a marked descent in the GPx, the complete disappearance of PCNA and an increase of the apoptotic cells. The group D showed that O-LM it reverted totally the effect of the RI on the expression of PCNA

  1. Posição da gema axilar e a indução de mutação em mudas de crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev Position of the axillary bud and mutation inducion in chrysanthemun (Dendranthema glandiflora Tzevelev plantets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvis Hernán Adames

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available O tratamento mutagênico de meristemas multicelulares em plantas de propagação vegetativa geralmente resulta na formação de plantas quiméricas. Os setores mutados podem ser ampliados e estabilizados por meio de podas repetidas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de podas em distintas posições (da 1a até a 6a gema axilar de um ramo M1V1, na freqüência de obtenção de mutantes de coloração de inflorescência e no tamanho dos setores mutados, em plantas de crisântemo irradiadas com raios-gama. Para tal, mudas enraizadas do cultivar ‘Ingrid’ (de coloração rosa escuro foram tratadas com 20 Gy de raios-gama. Após 40 dias do plantio foram realizadas as podas. Avaliaram-se a freqüência de mutantes e o espectro de mutação para a coloração da inflorescência nos ramos M1V2. Não foram observados mutantes no controle. No total de plantas avaliadas, 22,1% apresentavam mutações na coloração das flores sendo que, do total de plantas mutantes, 1,8% eram mutantes periclinais (com coloração única e as restantes (98,2%, apresentavam apenas alguns setores mutados. Não se observou diferença significativa quanto ao tamanho do setor mutado e ao número de mutantes nos diversos tratamentos (podas em diferentes gemas axilares. Com relação ao espectro de mutação, observaram-se mutantes com flores de coloração bronze, rosa claro, chá-rosa, variegado, amarelo, branco, vinho e creme. Um mutante de coloração vinho foi selecionado, multiplicado e avaliado em ensaio de produção. Este mutante denominado ‘Magali’ foi multiplicado para lançamento como novo cultivar.Mutagenic treatment of multicellular meristems from vegetatively propagated plants generally results in the formation of chimeric plants. Mutated sectors can be increased and stabilized through the cutting-back method. The objective of the present research was to study the influence of the application of this method in the M1V2 population

  2. Mutações no Nordeste brasileiro: reflexão sobre a produção de alimentos e a fome na contemporaneidade

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    Eustógio Wanderley Correia Dantas

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Com imagem associada à fome, pobreza e atraso, o Nordeste passa atualmente por um processo acelerado de mutação, cujos resultados são evidenciados, em alguns estados, nos indicadores sociais a suplantarem a média nacional. A explicação deve-se à sua inserção na nova economia globalizada, relacionada diretamente à modificação de sua imagem internacional. Nestes termos, as fragilidades tradicionais do Nordeste, ligadas à semiaridez, são variáveis potencializadoras do desenvolvimento tanto do agronegócio como do turismo litorâneo em crescimento acelerado... Entretanto, embora apresente avanços, a política implementada não implicou em erradicação da malnutrição crônica.  Longtemps considéré comme un  pays de la faim, pauvre et « arriéré », le Nordeste du Brésil est aujourd’hui une région en mutation accélérée, dont les niveaux de revenus ont dépassé, pour certains Etats, la moyenne nationale. La raison : une nouvelle insertion dans la mondialisation liée à l’évolution de son image internationale. Les handicaps traditionnels du Nordeste, tels la semi aridité, sont ainsi devenus des atouts, autant pour le développement de l’agrobusiness que  pour un tourisme littoral en croissance rapide…. Mais cette politique de développement n’a pas éradiqué pour autant la malnutrition chronique.Abstract

  3. Transport characteristics and morphology of the colon and coprodeum in two wild birds of different habitats, the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) and the common murre (Uria aalge)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Árnason, Sighvatur S; Elbrønd (Bibs), Vibeke Sødring; Laverty, Gary

    2015-01-01

    Dietary salt intake in domestic fowl affects epithelial transport and morphology of the lower intestine (colon and coprodeum). This study investigated lower intestinal morphology and transport activity in two wild bird species with natural diets containing either low or high salt. Tissues from rock...

  4. Mineral density and biomechanical properties of bone tissue from male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to organochlorine contaminants and emaciation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sonne, Christian; Wolkers, Hans; Rigét, Frank F; Jensen, Jens-Erik Beck; Teilmann, Jenni; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Fuglei, Eva; Ahlstrøm, Øystein; Dietz, Rune; Muir, Derek C G; Jørgensen, Even H

    2009-01-01

    We investigated the impact from dietary OC (organochlorine) exposure and restricted feeding (emaciation) on bone mineral density (BMD; g hydroxy-apatite cm(-2)) in femoral, vertebrate, skull and baculum osteoid tissue from farmed Arctic blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus). For femur, also biomechanical properties during bending (displacement [mm], load [N], energy absorption [J] and stiffness [N/mm]) were measured. Sixteen foxes (EXP) were fed a wet food containing 7.7% OC-polluted minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber in two periods of body fat deposition (Aug-Dec) and two periods of body fat mobilisation (Jan-July) in which the food contained less energy and only 2% blubber. SigmaOC food concentration in the food containing 7.7% whale blubber was 309 ng/g wet mass. This corresponded to a SigmaOC exposure of ca. 17 microg/kg body mass/d and a responding SigmaOC residue in subcutaneous adipose tissue of ca. 1700 ng/g live mass in the 8 EXP fat foxes euthanized after 16 months. A control group (CON) composed of 15 foxes were fed equal daily caloric amounts of clean pork (Sus scrofa) fat. After 16 months, 8 EXP and 7 CON foxes were euthanized (mean body mass=9.25 kg) while the remaining 8 EXP and 8 CON foxes were given restricted food rations for 6 months resulting in a body weight reduction (mean body mass=5.46 kg). The results showed that only BMD(skull) vs. BMD(vertebrae) were significantly correlated (R=0.68; p=0.03; n=10) probably due to a similar composition of trabecular and cortical osteoid tissue. No difference in any of the BMD measurements or femoral biomechanical properties was found between EXP and CON foxes although BMD baculum was 1.6-folds lower in the EXP group. However, lean summer foxes had significantly lower femoral biomechanical properties measured as displacement (mm), energy absorption (J) and time (s) biomechanical properties than fat winter foxes (all pbones from fasting which is in agreement with previous studies. Further, it should be

  5. A new assay to identify recurrent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia using next-generation sequencing

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    Coriu Daniel

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducere: Leucemia acută mieloblastică (LAM este o boală heterogenă caracterizată prin debut la vârstă avansată, fenotip agresiv şi prognostic nefavorabil în special în grupul de vârstă de peste 65 de ani. Pentru stratificarea pacienţilor în grupe de risc se utilizează citogenetica clasică împreună cu metodele moleculare pentru identificarea mutaţiilor punctiforme. În acest articol descriem o nouă metodă de identificare a mutaţiilor în 5 gene implicate în LAM: RUNX1, FLT3, DNMT3A, IDH1 şi IDH2 utilizând secvenţierea de nouă generaţie. Materiale şi metode: Au fost secvenţiate probe de la 40 de pacienţi cu LAM cu cariotip normal internaţi în Institutul Clinic Fundeni. Design-ul de primeri a fost efectuat utilizând LaserGene Genomics suit. Secvenţierea de nouă generaţie a fost efectuată pe platforma MiSeq de la Illumina. Rezultatele au fost analizate utilizând LaserGene Genomics suit. Rezultatele obţinute prin secvenţierea de nouă generaţie au fost comparate cu secvenţierea Sanger. Rezultate: Nu au fost identificate mutaţii adiţionale în probele de la nouă pacienţi pozitivi pentru mutaţiile FLT3-ITD şi / sau NPM1. În probele de la 25 din 31 de pacienţi, cu cariotip normal şi fără mutaţii FLT3-ITD şi NPM1, au fost identificate mutaţii în una din cele 5 gene studiate. Toate aceste mutaţii, identificate prin secvenţierea de nouă generaţie, au fost confirmate prin metoda de secvenţiere clasică Sanger. Concluzii: În acest studiu am validat o metodă de identificare a mutaţiilor apărute la pacienţii cu LAM utilizând secvenţierea de nouă generaţie. Această metodă prezintă o serie de avantaje: este mai ieftină ca in cazul secvenţierii Sanger, prezintă o sensibilitate crescută pentru detectarea mutaţiilor, a fost descrisă ca fiind cantitativă şi în cazul nostru a permis stratificarea în grupe de risc a majorităţii pacienţilor cu cariotip normal şi fără muta

  6. Empathic Concern Is Part of a More General Communal Emotion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zickfeld, Janis H; Schubert, Thomas W; Seibt, Beate; Fiske, Alan P

    2017-01-01

    Seeing someone in need may evoke a particular kind of closeness that has been conceptualized as sympathy or empathic concern (which is distinct from other empathy constructs). In other contexts, when people suddenly feel close to others, or observe others suddenly feeling closer to each other, this sudden closeness tends to evoke an emotion often labeled in vernacular English as being moved, touched , or heart-warming feelings. Recent theory and empirical work indicates that this is a distinct emotion; the construct is named kama muta . Is empathic concern for people in need simply an expression of the much broader tendency to respond with kama muta to all kinds of situations that afford closeness, such as reunions, kindness, and expressions of love? Across 16 studies sampling 2918 participants, we explored whether empathic concern is associated with kama muta. Meta-analyzing the association between ratings of state being moved and trait empathic concern revealed an effect size of, r (3631) = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.29, 0.41]. In addition, trait empathic concern was also associated with self-reports of the three sensations that have been shown to be reliably indicative of kama muta: weeping, chills, and bodily feelings of warmth. We conclude that empathic concern might actually be a part of the kama muta construct.

  7. Comparação de duas classificações histopatológicas com o padrão de imuno-marcação para KIT, a avaliação da proliferação celular e com a presença de mutações no c-KIT de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Paula M. Carvalho

    Full Text Available RESUMO: A graduação histopatológica é o método de eleição para prever o comportamento biológico do mastocitoma e, atualmente, são utilizados os métodos de Patnaik e de Kiupel para dividi-los em graus de malignidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar as duas classificações histológicas com as variáveis clínicas, os marcadores imuno-histoquímicos e com a presença de mutações para verificar as características que estão mais relacionadas entre si e com os piores prognósticos. Foram avaliados 61 animais, levando em consideração o sexo, a raça, a idade, a localização tumoral, o grau tumoral pelas classificações de Patnaik e Kiupel, a infiltração de eosinófilos, a marcação do KIT e do Ki-67 e a presença de mutação. As variáveis foram correlacionadas utilizando os testes de qui-quadrado, teste de Fisher, teste de verossimilhança e o teste de risco relativo. Os animais idosos foram os mais acometidos, enquanto os animais sem raça definida e os das raças Boxer, Labrador e Pinscher foram aqueles com maior predisposição ao desenvolvimento tumoral. A localização e a idade estão associadas ao grau tumoral. Os tumores em cabeça, pescoço e região genital têm 10 vezes mais chance de serem classificados como de alto grau (RR=10,667; IC95% 1,909-59,615, p=0,004 e os idosos oito vezes mais chance (RR=8,00; IC95% 0,955-67,009; p=0,029. Os tumores de grau II e os de baixo grau foram os mais encontrados e as duas classificações histológicas demonstram correlação muito significativa entre si (p<0,001. A concentração do infiltrado eosinofílico não demonstrou correlação significativa com nenhuma das classificações histológicas. O padrão KIT foi dependente da localização tumoral (p=0,015, já que os tumores genitais, na cabeça e no pescoço possuíam 18 vezes mais chance de apresentarem padrão citoplasmático (RR=18,571; IC95% 1,954-176,490; p=0,003, e das classificações de Patnaik (p=0

  8. A mutação JAK2 V617F e as síndromes mieloproliferativas JAK2 V617F mutation and the myeloproliferative disorders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bárbara C. R. Monte-Mór

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Síndromes mieloproliferativas (SMPs são doenças hematopoéticas de origem clonal que apresentam amplificação de uma ou mais linhagens mielóides. Policitemia vera (PV, trombocitemia essencial (TE, mielofibrose idiopática (MF e leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC são consideradas SMPs clássicas e apresentam características clínicas e biológicas comuns. Ao contrário de LMC, cuja etiologia está relacionada à proteína constitutivamente ativa Bcr-Abl, o mecanismo molecular de PV, TE e MF permaneceu por muito tempo desconhecido. Esta revisão se foca na recente descoberta da mutação JAK2 V617F em pacientes com PV, TE e MF, sua relação com o fenótipo mieloproliferativo e implicações na abordagem clínica de pacientes.Myeloproliferative disorders are clonal hematopoietic diseases that are characterized by the amplification of one or more myeloid lineages. Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis and chronic myeloid leukemia are considered classic myeloproliferative disorders and share common clinical and biological features. While the genetic basis of chronic myeloid leukemia is shown to be the constitutive active protein BCR-ABL, the main molecular lesions in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis remain unknown. This review focuses on the recent discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, its relationship to the myeloproliferative phenotype and implications in the clinical approach of patients.

  9. Modulation of antioxidant enzymes as radioprotector mechanism of oligo elements and lachesis muta in normal tissues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crescenti, E.; Croci, M.; Mohamad, N.; Medina, V.; Sambuco, L.; Gutierrez, A.; Nunez, M.; Martin, G.; Cricco, G.; Bergoc, R.; Rivera, E.

    2006-01-01

    The therapeutic use of the ionizing radiations (IR) it has acquired great relevance in the last decades although their effects are not selective and they are also manifested on the normal tissues. In previous works we demonstrate the radioprotector effect that the combination of oligo elements Zinc, Selenium and Manganese associated to the snake poison Lachesis muta (O-LM) it exercises on the small intestine and the bone marrow of irradiated mouse. The objective of this work was to study the molecular mechanisms, and particularly the paper of the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutases enzymes (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), in the radioprotector action that exercises the combination O-LM. Four groups of mice were used: A) control; B) treated with O-LM; C) irradiated; D) irradiated and treated with O-LM. The two treated groups were injected daily via s.c. with 0,1 ml of O-LM from 30 days before the irradiation and until to 4 days later. The two irradiated groups received 10 Gy in whole body the day 30. The day 35 all the animals were sacrificed. The histological intestinal cuts of the mucous one were evaluated by tint with hematoxyline-eosin; the presence of apoptotic cells it was determined by the Tunel method (Apoptag kit); the expression of PCNA (nuclear antigen of proliferating cells), MnSOD, CuZnSOD, CAT and GPx, by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that in the lot D it was preserved totally the histology of the intestinal mucous. In the control A it was observed PCNA expression in the crypts, of MnSOD in the hairiness and CuZnSOD, CAT and Gpx in both. The change produced by O-LM (group B) it was the increase of PCNA, of CAT and the appearance of MnSOD in the crypts. On the other hand, the irradiation (C) it produced a marked descent in the GPx, the complete disappearance of PCNA and an increase of the apoptotic cells. The group D showed that O-LM it reverted totally the effect of the RI on the expression of PCNA

  10. Empathic Concern Is Part of a More General Communal Emotion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janis H. Zickfeld

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Seeing someone in need may evoke a particular kind of closeness that has been conceptualized as sympathy or empathic concern (which is distinct from other empathy constructs. In other contexts, when people suddenly feel close to others, or observe others suddenly feeling closer to each other, this sudden closeness tends to evoke an emotion often labeled in vernacular English as being moved, touched, or heart-warming feelings. Recent theory and empirical work indicates that this is a distinct emotion; the construct is named kama muta. Is empathic concern for people in need simply an expression of the much broader tendency to respond with kama muta to all kinds of situations that afford closeness, such as reunions, kindness, and expressions of love? Across 16 studies sampling 2918 participants, we explored whether empathic concern is associated with kama muta. Meta-analyzing the association between ratings of state being moved and trait empathic concern revealed an effect size of, r(3631 = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.29, 0.41]. In addition, trait empathic concern was also associated with self-reports of the three sensations that have been shown to be reliably indicative of kama muta: weeping, chills, and bodily feelings of warmth. We conclude that empathic concern might actually be a part of the kama muta construct.

  11. Levels and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard in relation to dietary habits and food availability

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Andersen, Martin S. [Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø (Norway); Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø (Norway); Fuglei, Eva; König, Max [Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø (Norway); Lipasti, Inka [Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu (Finland); Pedersen, Åshild Ø. [Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø (Norway); Polder, Anuschka [Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås (Norway); Yoccoz, Nigel G. [Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø (Norway); Routti, Heli, E-mail: heli.routti@npolar.no [Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø (Norway)

    2015-04-01

    Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard, Norway, were investigated in relation to feeding habits and seasonal food availability. Arctic foxes from Svalbard forage in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the availability of their food items are impacted by climatic variability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs] and hexabromocyclododecane [HBCDD]) were analyzed in the liver of 141 arctic foxes collected between 1997 and 2013. Stable carbon isotope values (δ{sup 13}C) were used as a proxy for feeding on marine versus terrestrial prey. The annual number of recovered reindeer carcasses and sea ice cover were used as proxies for climate influenced food availability (reindeers, seals). Linear models revealed that concentrations of PCBs, chlordanes, p,p′-DDE, mirex and PBDEs decreased 4–11% per year, while no trends were observed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). Positive relationships between POP concentrations and δ{sup 13}C indicate that concentrations of all compounds increase with increasing marine dietary input. Increasing reindeer mortality was related to lower HCB concentrations in the foxes based on the linear models. This suggests that concentrations of HCB in arctic foxes may be influenced by high mortality levels of Svalbard reindeer. Further, β-HCH concentrations showed a positive association with sea ice cover. These results in addition to the strong effect of δ{sup 13}C on all POP concentrations suggest that climate-related changes in arctic fox diet are likely to influence contaminant concentrations in arctic foxes from Svalbard. - Highlights: • POPs were analyzed in the arctic foxes' liver (n = 141) from Svalbard collected in 1997–2013. • PCBs, chlordanes, p,p′-DDE, mirex and PBDEs decreased 4–11% per year.

  12. Levels and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard in relation to dietary habits and food availability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Andersen, Martin S.; Fuglei, Eva; König, Max; Lipasti, Inka; Pedersen, Åshild Ø.; Polder, Anuschka; Yoccoz, Nigel G.; Routti, Heli

    2015-01-01

    Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard, Norway, were investigated in relation to feeding habits and seasonal food availability. Arctic foxes from Svalbard forage in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the availability of their food items are impacted by climatic variability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs] and hexabromocyclododecane [HBCDD]) were analyzed in the liver of 141 arctic foxes collected between 1997 and 2013. Stable carbon isotope values (δ 13 C) were used as a proxy for feeding on marine versus terrestrial prey. The annual number of recovered reindeer carcasses and sea ice cover were used as proxies for climate influenced food availability (reindeers, seals). Linear models revealed that concentrations of PCBs, chlordanes, p,p′-DDE, mirex and PBDEs decreased 4–11% per year, while no trends were observed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). Positive relationships between POP concentrations and δ 13 C indicate that concentrations of all compounds increase with increasing marine dietary input. Increasing reindeer mortality was related to lower HCB concentrations in the foxes based on the linear models. This suggests that concentrations of HCB in arctic foxes may be influenced by high mortality levels of Svalbard reindeer. Further, β-HCH concentrations showed a positive association with sea ice cover. These results in addition to the strong effect of δ 13 C on all POP concentrations suggest that climate-related changes in arctic fox diet are likely to influence contaminant concentrations in arctic foxes from Svalbard. - Highlights: • POPs were analyzed in the arctic foxes' liver (n = 141) from Svalbard collected in 1997–2013. • PCBs, chlordanes, p,p′-DDE, mirex and PBDEs decreased 4–11% per year.

  13. Vulnerability of birds to climate change in California's Sierra Nevada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodney B. Siegel

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available In a rapidly changing climate, effective bird conservation requires not only reliable information about the current vulnerability of species of conservation concern, but also credible projections of their future vulnerability. Such projections may enable managers to preempt or reduce emerging climate-related threats through appropriate habitat management. We used NatureServe's Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI to predict vulnerability to climate change of 168 bird species that breed in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, USA. The CCVI assesses species-specific exposure and sensitivity to climate change within a defined geographic area, through the integration of (a species' range maps, (b information about species' natural history traits and ecological relationships, (c historic and current climate data, and (d spatially explicit climate change projections. We conducted the assessment under two different downscaled climate models with divergent projections about future precipitation through the middle of the 21st century. Assessments differed relatively little under the two climate models. Of five CCVI vulnerability ranking categories, only one species, White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura, received the most vulnerable rank, Extremely Vulnerable. No species received the second-highest vulnerability ranking, Highly Vulnerable. Sixteen species scored as Moderately Vulnerable using one or both climate models: Common Merganser (Mergus merganser, Osprey (Pandion haliaetus, Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis, Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus, Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus, Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius, Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa, Black Swift (Cypseloides niger, Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana, American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus, Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus, American Pipit (Anthus rubescens, Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis, Pine Grosbeak

  14. Hepatitis B: epidemiological, immunological, and serological considerations emphasizing mutation Hepatite B: considerações epidemiológicas, imunológicas e sorológicas com ênfase em mutação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo El Khouri

    2004-01-01

    áfica. Apesar do diagnóstico sorológico ser normalmente bastante sensível e específico, este não detecta casos de Hepatite B mutantes, cada vez mais freqüentes atualmente devido a escape e resistência de vacinação, terapias anti-virais, imunossupressão dentre outras. São descritas alterações genômicas no gene de superfície (envelope; gene X; gene do "core"; gene polimerase e gene "pré-core". As principais mutações ocorrem nos genes de superfície e nos genes "pré-core/core", podendo também ser conhecidas como hepatite oculta, uma vez que os marcadores de infecção ativa (AgHBs e replicação viral (AgHBe podem estar negativos. Assim, deve-se suspeitar de mutação viral nos casos em que a sorologia para a hepatite B indica imunidade ou parada da replicação com o quadro clínico evoluindo mal, excluído outras causas de hepatites.

  15. Interaction of uranyl ions with snake venom proteins from Lachesis muta muta

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    MacCordick, H.J.; Taghva, F.

    1997-01-01

    The reaction product of uranyl nitrate with whole-protein Bushmaster snake venom in nitrate buffer at pH 3.5 has been studied. The maximum uptake of uranium was 291 μmol U x g -1 of venom. The infrared spectrum of the product showed an asymmetric O-U-O vibration at 921 cm -1 typical of complex formation with the uranyl ion. Stability measurements with the UO 2 2+ -protein complex in neutral medium indicated moderate hydrolytic stability, with 14% dissociation after 16 hours at 0 deg C. Neutron irradiation and desorption studies with a 235 U-labelled complex showed that generated fission products such as lanthanides and barium were readily lixiviated at pH 7, whereas Ru and Zr were highly retained by the protein substrate. (author)

  16. 50 CFR 100.25 - Subsistence taking of fish, wildlife, and shellfish: general regulations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... all prying edges rounded and smooth. ADF&G means the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Airborne.... Bear means black bear, or brown or grizzly bear. Big game means black bear, brown bear, bison, caribou... staked, anchored, or otherwise fixed in one place. Edible meat means the breast meat of ptarmigan and...

  17. Efeitos de doses crescentes de calcário em solo Latossolo Amarelo na produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus sw., bombacaceae Effects of the rising heat in Yellow Oxisoil in the production of silent wood rafts (Ochroma lagopus sw., bombacaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Alberto Franco Tucci

    2010-09-01

    factor used in the soil substrate improved all the growth characteristics evaluated in seedling production of pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus sw., bombacaceae. The soil correction positively influenced the absorption of Ca, Mg, and S, on the other hand, there weren't any statistically significant effects for absorption of N, P, and K resented.

  18. Heartwarming Closeness: Being Moved Induces Communal Sharing and Increases Feelings of Warmth

    OpenAIRE

    Zickfeld, Janis Heinrich

    2015-01-01

    The feeling of being moved has only received marginal attention by emotion research during the last decades. Recently, an emotion framework termed kama muta has been introduced giving a first overview and suggesting that being moved is a positive cultural-dependent feeling typically accompanied by tears, piloerection, and a warm feeling in the chest (Seibt, Schubert, Zickfeld & Fiske, 2015). The present article tries to give a first insight into the effects of kama muta. Based on relational m...

  19. Premature ovarian failure (POF in Brazilian fragile X carriers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela M. Vianna-Morgante

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available The gynecological and reproductive histories of 193 women from fragile X families were surveyed. Among the 101 carriers of the premutation, 14 experienced premature menopause, contrarily to their 37 fully mutated and 55 noncarrier female relatives. Although premature menopause showed a tendency to cluster in certain fragile X families, as a group, the premutated women experienced menopause earlier than noncarriers. This suggests that premature menopause may be the extreme effect of a spectrum of ovarian anomalies associated with the fragile X premutation.Entrevistamos 193 mulheres de famílias com afetados pela síndrome do cromossomo X frágil, quanto a sua história ginecológica e reprodutiva. Entre as 101 portadoras da pré-mutação, 14 tiveram menopausa precoce, mas nenhuma das 37 portadoras da mutação completa ou das 55 não portadoras apresentaram esta anomalia. Observamos uma tendência para a concentração da menopausa precoce em certas famílias, o que poderia significar uma peculiariedade de certas pré-mutações. Entretanto, o fato de as mulheres pré-mutadas tenderem a entrar em menopausa mais cedo do que as não portadoras sugere que a menopausa precoce seja o extremo do espectro de efeitos ovarianos da pré-mutação.

  20. Detecção de resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter isolados de frangos de criação orgânica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz S. Frasão

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Estudos têm revelado que a resistência às quinolonas em cepas de Campylobacter está relacionada à presença da mutação Treonina-86 para Isoleucina. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença dessa mutação em cepas de Campylobacter sensíveis e resistentes à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina, o conteúdo cecal de 80 frangos de corte de criação orgânica, abatidos sob Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (S.I.E. do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e investigados para a presença de Campylobacter. A determinação da resistência à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina foi feita pela técnica de difusão em disco e de diluição em ágar para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM. A detecção da mutação na Região Determinante de Resistencia às Quinolonas (RDRQ no gene gyrA foi realizada através de sequenciamento. Campylobacter foi isolado a partir de 100% das amostras avaliadas, sendo 68,75% correspondente à C. jejuni e 31,25% à C. coli. No teste de difusão em disco, 100% das cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina e 56,25% das cepas foram resistentes à enrofloxacina. No teste de diluição em ágar, todas as cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina apresentando CIM variando de ≥ 16-64μg/mL, e resistência ou resistência intermediaria à enrofloxacina foi detectada em 42,50% (CIM ≥ 4-32μg/mL e 38,75% (CIM = 2μg/mL das cepas, respectivamente. A mutação Tre-86-Ile, foi observada em 100% das cepas analisadas. Além dessa mutação, foram observadas outras mutações não silenciosas (Val-73-Glu, Ser-114-Leu, Val-88-Asp, Ala-75-Asp, Ser-119-Gli, Arg-79-Lis e mutações silenciosas (His-81-His, Ser-119-Ser, Ala-120-Ala, Fen-99-Fen, Ala-122-Ala, Gli-74-Gli, Ile-77-Ile, Ala-91-Ala, Leu-92-Leu, Val-93-Val, Ile-106-Ile, Tre-107-Tre, Gli-113-Gli, Ile-115-Ile, Gli-110-Gli. A observação de que cepas sensíveis à enrofloxacina pelos testes fenotípicos apresentavam a substituição Tre-86 para Ile sugere

  1. HFE MUTATIONS AND IRON OVERLOAD IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís COSTA-MATOS

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Context Alcoholic liver disease (ALD is generally associated with iron overload, which may contribute to its pathogenesis, through increased oxidative stress and cellular damage. There are conflicting reports in literature about hemochromatosis (HFE gene mutations and the severity of liver disease in alcoholic patients. Objectives To compare the prevalence of mutations in the hemochromatosis (HFE gene between patients with ALD and healthy controls; to assess the relation of HFE mutations with liver iron stores and liver disease severity. Methods Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 63 ALD patients (during routine treatment and 52 healthy controls (during elective cholecystectomy. All individuals underwent routine liver function tests and HFE genotyping (to detect wild-type sequences and C282Y, H63D, S65C, E168Q, E168X, V59M, H63H, P160delC, Q127H, Q283P, V53M and W164X mutations. Associations between HFE mutations and risk of excessive liver iron stores, abnormal serum ferritin, liver fibrosis, or necroinflammatory activity were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results ALD patients had significantly higher serum ferritin and transferrin saturation than controls (both P Contexto A doença hepática alcoólica (DHA está geralmente associada à sobrecarga de ferro, que pode contribuir para a sua patogênese, através do aumento do estresse oxidativo e dano celular. As descrições existentes na literatura sobre a associação entre mutações HFE e a gravidade da DHA nem sempre são concordantes. Objetivos Comparar a prevalência de mutações HFE entre um grupo de pacientes com DHA e uma população de controle. Avaliar a relação entre mutações HFE e os depósitos de ferro hepático. Avaliar se a presença dessas mutações está associada com a gravidade da DHA. Métodos Compararam-se 63 pacientes com DHA que efetuaram biopsia hepática com 52 controles saudáveis. A genotipagem HFE (wild type, C282Y, H63D, S65C, E

  2. Freqüência da mutação gene da síndrome do estresse suíno e sua associação com características reprodutivas em marrãs híbridas Frequency of the porcine stress sindrome gene mutation and its association with reproductive traits in crossbred gilts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a freqüência do gene causador da síndrome do estresse em suíno (PSS e sua associação com características reprodutivas em marrãs híbridas. Setenta e duas marrãs híbridas Landrace x Large White, provenientes de granjas comerciais localizadas na região de Ponte Nova - Minas Gerais, foram analisadas para a presença da mutação PSS. No diagnóstico da mutação feito por reação em cadeia da polimerase - polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (PCR-RFLP, o fragmento de 659pb do gene ryr-1 foi amplificado e, nos mutantes a substituição de citosina por timina, que acarreta mudança de aminoácidos da proteína madura de arginina para cisteína nos animais afetados, foi identificado. Dados relativos ao número de leitões nascidos vivos, leitões nascidos com baixa viabilidade e leitões natimortos por leitegada, peso médio dos leitões ao nascer e repetições de cio foram analisados. Do total de marrãs analisadas, foram encontradas 13,88% de marrãs heterozigotas e nenhuma homozigota recessiva. Não houve efeito dos genótipos sobre as características analisadas.The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of the porcine stress sindrome (PSS gene mutation and its association with reproductive traits in crossbred gilts. Seventy two crossbred Landrace x Large White females from commercial farms of Ponte Nova region location - Minas Gerais State, were analyzed for the PSS mutation. The mutation diagnose was made by polimerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polimorphism, where the 659pb fragment from the ryr-1 gene was amplifyied, and in the mutants the substitution of cytosine by thimine, that leads to the change in the mature protein amino acids from arginine to cysteine in the affected animals, was identified. Data relative to the number of piglets born alive, born alive with low viability and dead piglets per litter, average piglets born weight and

  3. A framework for organizing cancer-related variations from existing databases, publications and NGS data using a High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Tsung-Jung; Shamsaddini, Amirhossein; Pan, Yang; Smith, Krista; Crichton, Daniel J; Simonyan, Vahan; Mazumder, Raja

    2014-01-01

    Years of sequence feature curation by UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, PIR-PSD, NCBI-CDD, RefSeq and other database biocurators has led to a rich repository of information on functional sites of genes and proteins. This information along with variation-related annotation can be used to scan human short sequence reads from next-generation sequencing (NGS) pipelines for presence of non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) that affect functional sites. This and similar workflows are becoming more important because thousands of NGS data sets are being made available through projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and researchers want to evaluate their biomarkers in genomic data. BioMuta, an integrated sequence feature database, provides a framework for automated and manual curation and integration of cancer-related sequence features so that they can be used in NGS analysis pipelines. Sequence feature information in BioMuta is collected from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), ClinVar, UniProtKB and through biocuration of information available from publications. Additionally, nsSNVs identified through automated analysis of NGS data from TCGA are also included in the database. Because of the petabytes of data and information present in NGS primary repositories, a platform HIVE (High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment) for storing, analyzing, computing and curating NGS data and associated metadata has been developed. Using HIVE, 31 979 nsSNVs were identified in TCGA-derived NGS data from breast cancer patients. All variations identified through this process are stored in a Curated Short Read archive, and the nsSNVs from the tumor samples are included in BioMuta. Currently, BioMuta has 26 cancer types with 13 896 small-scale and 308 986 large-scale study-derived variations. Integration of variation data allows identifications of novel or common nsSNVs that can be prioritized in validation studies. Database URL: BioMuta: http

  4. Climate change will seriously impact bird species dwelling above the treeline: A prospective study for the Italian Alps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferrarini, Alessandro; Alatalo, Juha M; Gustin, Marco

    2017-07-15

    High mountain systems are predicted to be especially vulnerable to the impact of climate change, with the climatically-constrained tree limit rapidly shifted upslope. In turn, the impact of upward treeline migration on mountain-dwelling bird species is expected to significantly reduce habitat suitability. We developed the first projection of the expected climate-driven rise of the whole treeline (19,256km) of the Italian Alps. The study area extends over 20,700km 2 , ranging over 550km in longitude and 320km in latitude. We then investigated how much the expected treeline rise will induce a) shrinking and shifting of the elevation range and b) loss in suitable habitat for the flagship species rock ptarmigan, an alpine bird species dwelling above the treeline and, similarly to many other alpine species, highly vulnerable to treeline rise. We also investigated the potential gain in suitable habitat for rock ptarmigan due to the climate-driven upshift in the uppermost thermal limit. At lower altitudes (1500-1600m a.s.l.), the average expected upshift in the current treeline resulted in 195, 274 and 354m over the short (2010-2039), medium (2040-2069) and long term (2070-2099) respectively. Above 2400m a.s.l., it was less than 30m even in the long term. Overall, during the three climate periods the extent of suitable habitat for rock ptarmigan above the current treeline is projected to decrease by 28.12%, 38.43% and 49.11% respectively. In contrast, the expected gain in suitable habitat due to the shift in the uppermost thermal limit will be severely restrained by the limited surface extension in the top portion of the Italian Alps. The presented approach can promote similar studies elsewhere in the globe, providing a regional perspective to the projection of climate change impact on bird species dwelling above the treeline. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Análise do gene KISS1 nos distúrbios puberais humanos

    OpenAIRE

    Letícia Ferreira Gontijo Silveira

    2009-01-01

    A kisspeptina, codificada pelo gene KISS1, é um neuropeptídeo crucial na regulação do início da puberdade. A kisspeptina estimula a secreção hipotalâmica do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) após se ligar ao seu receptor GPR54. Mutações inativadoras do GPR54 são atualmente consideradas como uma causa rara de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado (HHI) normósmico. Recentemente, uma mutação ativadora no receptor GPR54 foi implicada na patogênese da puberdade precoce dependente de go...

  6. The frequency of β-globin gene haplotypes, α-thalassemia and genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, factor V Leiden and prothrombin genes in children with sickle cell disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Frequência dos haplótipos da globina beta, da talassemia alfa e dos polimorfismos genéticos dos genes da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, do fator V Leiden e da protrombina em crianças com doença falciforme no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isaac L. Silva Filho

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available A freqüência dos haplótipos beta S e beta C do gene da globina e a prevalência de talassemia alfa e de mutações nos genes da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR-C677T, do fator V de Leiden e da protrombina (G20210A foi estudada em crianças com doença falciforme do Rio de Janeiro. O haplótipo Bantu foi o mais freqüente (65,9%, 21,2% das crianças (18% heterozigotas e 3% homozigotas apresentam talassemia com mutação alfa 3.7kb, ao contrário da mutação alfa 4.2kb que não foi encontrada. Os alelos 677CT e 677TT da MTHFR foram observados em 20,2% e 4,8%, respectivamente. Os haplótipos Camarões, Árabe-Indiano e Senegal não foram detectados na amostra estudada, bem como mutações no gene do fator V de Leiden e da protrombina. Somente o haplótipo beta C CI foi observado. Esse é o primeiro estudo realizado em uma amostra proveniente do Programa de Triagem Neonatal para Hemoglobinopatias do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Apesar do Rio de Janeiro ser a segunda maior cidade brasileira e seus habitantes expressarem o elevado grau de miscigenação ocorrida no país, nossos resultados ainda coincidem com os registros históricos dos fluxos migratórios do gene beta S para o Brasil, bem como refletem a forte influência de indivíduos de origem africana na população do Rio de Janeiro.

  7. Estudo do efeito dos parâmetros genéticos sobre a solução otimizada e sobre o tempo de convergência em algoritmos genéticos com codificações binária e real - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v25i2.2169

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adair Santa Catarina

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta um estudo acerca dos efeitos da variação dos parâmetros genéticos sobre a qualidade da solução e sobre o tempo de convergência em algoritmos genéticos (AGs que se utilizam de codificações binária e real. Para tanto, desenvolveram-se 3 AGs: o primeiro, chamado AG Clássico, utiliza codificação binária e os outros dois, chamados AGM1 e AGM2, utilizam codificação real. Os parâmetros estudados para o AG Clássico foram o tamanho da população, o número de indivíduos que compõe a elite selecionada e a taxa de mutação. Para os AGM1 e AGM2, estudaram-se os parâmetros tamanho da população, número de indivíduos na nuvem aleatória gerada ao redor dos indivíduos, desvio-padrão utilizado na criação dessa nuvem, número de indivíduos na elite selecionada e taxa de mutação. Observou-se que o AG Clássico foi influenciado pelos parâmetros tamanho da população inicial, pelo número de elementos na elite selecionada e pela taxa de mutação. O AGM1 foi influenciado apenas pelo tamanho da população inicial. O AGM2 foi influenciado pelos parâmetros tamanho da população inicial, número de elementos na elite selecionada e taxa de mutação.

  8. Using induced pluripotent stem cells to investigate the mechanistic link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson related synucleinopathies

    OpenAIRE

    Monteiro, Fábio Dantas Romero

    2016-01-01

    Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015 A doença de Gaucher é uma doença genética rara, autossómica recessiva, causada por mutações bialélicas do gene da glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), sendo a doença de depósito lisossomal mais comum. A glucocerebrosidase é uma enzima lisossomal, responsável pela degradação de glucocerebrosídeo em ceramida e glucose. Mutações homozigóticas ou heterozigóticas compostas no gene G...

  9. "Avaliação do envolvimento dos genes PAX8 e rTSH no hipotireoidismo congênito em pacientes com disgenesia tireoidiana"

    OpenAIRE

    Denise Perone

    2005-01-01

    Estudamos 32 crianças com HC devido à agenesia ou ectopia tireoideana para mutações no PAX8 e 30 crianças com hipoplasia da tireóide para mutações no rTSH. Todos os exons de ambos os genes foram amplificados a partir do DNA genômico, seguido por seqüenciamento direto. Encontramos, em dois pacientes com ectopia, duas alterações no gene PAX8, uma no promotor, e outra no exon um. Os outros indivíduos estudados apresentaram as seqüências codificáveis dos genes PAX8 e rTSH normais. Em relação ao c...

  10. Regime de Acumulação, Gerações e Juventude

    OpenAIRE

    Nildo Viana

    2012-01-01

    Resumo: O presente texto discute a juventude a partir dos conceitos de geração e regime de acumulação. O conceito de geração é importante para compreender as manifestações das divisões etárias da sociedade contemporânea e suas mutações, o que é explicado a partir do conceito de regime de acumulação, que permite entender o processo de mutação do capitalismo. Nesse sentido, a partir do conceito de gerações e outros derivados, e da compreensão do capitalismo contemporâneo através do conceito de ...

  11. The helminth fauna of birds of prey (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Borgsteede, F.H.M.; Okulewicz, A.; Zoun, P.E.F.; Okulewicz, J.

    2003-01-01

    Eighteen species of birds of prey in Netherlands were examined for helminth parasites: Accipitriformes - Accipiter gentilis (15 birds), A. nisus (9), Aquila pomarina (1), Buteo buteo (56), B. lagopus (4), Circaetus gallicus (2), Circus aeruginosus (2), C. cyaneus (3), Pernis apivorus (5);

  12. Breeding in a den of thieves: pros and cons of nesting close to egg predators

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Fouw, J; Bom, R.A.; Klaassen, R.H.G.; Müskens, G.J. D. M.; de Vries, P.P.; Popov, I.Y.; Kokorev, Y.I.; Ebbinge, B.S.; Nolet, B.A.

    2016-01-01

    Breeding success of many Arctic-breedingbird populations varies with lemming cycles dueto prey switching behavior of generalist predators. Several bird species breed on islands to escape fromgeneralist predators like Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus, but little is known about how these species interact.We

  13. 77 FR 57043 - Regulations Under the Fur Products Labeling Act

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-09-17

    ... kept for farming purposes. The Convention aims to protect animals against any unnecessary suffering or... on purportedly superior European fur-farming practices, which can change and which the Commission... Vulpes lagopus. Goat Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra hircus. Jaguar ......do Felidae Panthera onca. Jaguarundi...

  14. Breeding in a den of thieves : Pros and cons of nesting close to egg predators

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Fouw, Jimmy; Bom, Roeland A.; Klaassen, Raymond H. G.; Muskens, Gerard J. D. M.; de Vries, Peter P.; Popov, Igor Yu.; Kokorev, Yakov I.; Ebbinge, Barwolt S.; Nolet, Bart A.

    Breeding success of many Arctic-breeding bird populations varies with lemming cycles due to prey switching behavior of generalist predators. Several bird species breed on islands to escape from generalist predators like Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus, but little is known about how these species interact.

  15. Effects of predation risk on site selection of barnacle geese during brood-rearing

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Stahl, J; Loonen, MJJE; Mehlum, F; Black, JM; Madsen, J

    1998-01-01

    Barnacle geese Branta leucopsis breed on small islands in the Kongsfjorden area, Spitsbergen. Shortly after hatching, families approach feeding sites at the mainland coast in the close surroundings of the village Ny-Alesund. The goslings are subject to predation by arctic foxes Alopex lagopus

  16. Breeding in a den of thieves

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Fouw, de Jimmy; Bom, Roeland A.; Klaassen, Raymond H.G.; Müskens, Gerard J.D.M.; Vries, de Peter P.; Popov, Igor Yu; Kokorev, Yakov I.; Ebbinge, Bart; Nolet, Bart A.

    2016-01-01

    Breeding success of many Arctic-breeding bird populations varies with lemming cycles due to prey switching behavior of generalist predators. Several bird species breed on islands to escape from generalist predators like Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus, but little is known about how these species

  17. Breeding in a den of thieves: pros and cons of nesting close to egg predators

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Fouw, J.; Bom, R.A.; Klaassen, R.H.G.; Müskens, G.J.D.M.; de Vries, P.P.; Popov, I.Yu.; Kokorev, Y.I.; Ebbinge, B.S.; Nolet, B.A.

    Breeding success of many Arctic-breeding bird populations varies with lemming cycles due to prey switching behavior of generalist predators. Several bird species breed on islands to escape from generalist predators like Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus, but little is known about how these species interact.

  18. Breeding in a den of thieves: pros and cons of nesting close to egg predators.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    De Fouw, J.; Bom, R. A.; Klaassen, R.; Müskens, G.J.D.M.; De Vries, P.P.; Popov, I.Y.; Kokorev, Y.I.; Ebbinge, B.S.; Nolet, B.A.

    2016-01-01

    Breeding success of many Arctic-breeding bird populations varies with lemming cycles due to prey switching behavior of generalist predators. Several bird species breed on islands to escape from generalist predators like Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus, but little is known about how these species interact.

  19. Epizoic zoanthids reduce pumping in two Caribbean vase sponges

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewis, T. B.; Finelli, C. M.

    2015-03-01

    Sponges are common sessile benthic suspension feeders that play a critical role in carbon and nitrogen cycling within reef ecosystems via their filtration capabilities. Due to the contribution of sponges in benthic-pelagic coupling, it is critical to assess factors that may affect their role in the healthy function of coral reefs. Several factors can influence the rate at which an individual sponge pumps water, including body size, environmental conditions, mechanical blockage, and reduction of inhalant pores (ostia). Symbiotic zoanthid colonization is a common occurrence on Caribbean sponges, and the presence of zoanthids on the surface of a sponge may occlude or displace the inhalant ostia. We quantified pumping rates of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta ( N = 22 uncolonized, 37 colonized) and the common vase sponge, Niphates digitalis ( N = 21 uncolonized, 17 colonized), with and without zoanthid symbionts, Parazoanthus catenularis and Parazoanthus parasiticus, respectively. For X. muta, biovolume-normalized pumping rates of individuals colonized by zoanthids were approximately 75 % lower than those of uncolonized sponges. Moreover, colonization with zoanthids was related to a difference in morphology relative to uncolonized individuals: Colonized sponges exhibited an osculum area to biovolume ratio that was nearly 65 % less than uncolonized sponges. In contrast, the presence of zoanthids on N. digitalis resulted in only a marginal decrease in pumping rates and no detectable difference in morphology. The difference in zoanthid effects between X. muta and N. digitalis is likely due to the differences in wall thickness and architecture between the two species. The probable cause of reduced pumping in affected sponges is occupation of the sponge surface that leads to blockage or displacement of inhalant ostia. To partially test this hypothesis, zoanthid colonization on specimens of X. muta was simulated by wrapping sponges with plastic mesh of varying

  20. As deficiências auditivas relacionadas às alterações do DNA mitocondrial. Hearing loss related to mitochondrial DNA changes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria F. P. de Carvalho

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available A deficiência auditiva é sintoma comum que pode apresentar várias etiologias, entre elas as causadas por alterações genéticas. As mutações genéticas podem ocorrer em genes nucleares e mitocondriais. A mitocôndria, uma organela intracelular, tem o seu próprio genoma (DNA, que é uma molécula circular e é transmitido exclusivamente pela mãe. As mutações do DNA mitocondrial são transmitidas pela linhagem materna, mas podem ocorrer mutações espontâneas. O fenótipo, ou expressão clínica, da mutação mitocondrial vai depender da quantidade de DNA mitocondrial mutante existente na célula, situação conhecida como heteroplasmia. A mitocôndria tem a função de disponibilizar energia para as células sob a forma de ATP (trifosfato de adenosina. Os órgãos que requerem grande quantidade de energia são mais comumente acometidos em casos de mutações do DNA mitocondrial, como células nervosas, musculares, endócrinas, ópticas e auditivas. Como a cóclea é grande consumidora de energia, uma mutação no DNA mitocondrial de células ciliadas causa deficiência auditiva do tipo neurossensorial, bilateral, simétrica e progressiva. As deficiências auditivas causadas por mutações no DNA mitocondrial correspondem a 0,5% a 1% de todas as deficiências auditivas de origem genética. Foi realizada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, a fim de estudar as deficiências auditivas causadas por alterações no DNA mitocondrial. A deficiência auditiva pode se apresentar na forma isolada (forma não sindrômica, como nos casos de hiper-sensibilidade aos antibióticos aminoglicosídeos e presbiacusia, ou associada a outras doenças (forma sindrômica, como na síndrome de Kearns-Sayre e diabete e surdez de herança materna.Hearing loss is a common symptom that may be manifested by many etiologies and it is frequently associated to genetic problems. Genetic mutations may occur in nuclear or mitochondrial genes. Mitochondria are

  1. Rare species of the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anatoliy S. Zheltukhin

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The review presents data on 23 rare species of the Central Forest Reserve included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The state of their populations (groups of populations is assessed. The characteristics of landscape and coenotic confinement are given. Their biological and ecological features are briefly described, and the limiting factors determining the reduction in the number of some species are indicated. Over 85 years, many species have remained their biological positions in the Reserve, and their quantity has remained stable. At the same time, species of sedentary birds (Bubo bubo, Lagopus lagopus rossicus and birds nesting in the Protected Area (representatives of the Accipitridae family are now few in number due to the changes in the main habitats and deterioration of the forage resources. It is noted that the Central Forest Reserve is the largest Protected Area in Central Russia for the rare lichens Lobaria pulmonaria and Menegazzia terebrata.

  2. Cartografia de Saberes na Pesquisa em Turismo: Proposições Metodológicas para uma Ciência em Mutação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Luiza Cardinale Baptista

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente texto apresenta a proposição da ‘cartografia de saberes’ como orientação da estratégia metodológica para o planejamento da pesquisa em Turismo. Trata-se de abordagem transdisciplinar, alinhada aos pressupostos teóricos da Ciência Contemporânea, na perspectiva complexo-sistêmica. Nesse sentido, o texto discute o cenário de mutação da Ciência, marcado pela incerteza, pela lógica processual, de constante transformação. Considera esses fatores associados à caosmosesociomidiática e informacional, que também interfere nas produções investigativas em geral, atingindo, dessa forma, também o Turismo. Além das visões de Morin, Capra e Boaventura Souza Santos, na perspectiva geral, quanto à Ciência, a proposição da cartografia é feita a partir da Esquizoanálise, principalmente com base em autores como Félix Guattari, Gilles Deleuze e Suely Rolnik. O texto discute a produção de investigações, a partir de uma metodologia que considera a lógica de ‘fazer fazendo’ e que se orienta por decisões que emergem no campo da pesquisa. A cartografia de saberes, como prática investigativa, está fundamentada em 25 anos de investigação científica, docência em Metodologia da Pesquisa, orientação em pesquisa e supervisão de textos acadêmicos em diversos níveis e áreas do conhecimento, bem como na experiência atual realizada no Centro de Ciências da Comunicação e no Mestrado em Turismo na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, como docente e pesquisadora.  Carthographyofknowledgesin Tourism Research: Methodological Propositions for a Changing Science - This paper presents a proposition for a 'cartography of knowledges' as a methodological strategy guidance for planning of research in tourism. It is a transdisciplinary approach, aligned with the theoretical assumptions of Contemporary Science in complex-systemic perspective. The text discusses the scenario of change in science, marked by uncertainty and by

  3. Epidermal Growth Factor Recetor mutation study for 5 years, in a population of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.S. Castro

    2013-01-01

    were found in the two patient groups (EGFR mutated and non mutated.The EGFR mutation research should be performed in all patients with NSCLC, giving the possibility to a considerable number of patients to perform a first line treatment with TKI (EGFR mutated patients and the advantage of performing other chemotherapy schemes, when progression occurs. Resumo: Introdução: Em 2006, a Unidade de Pneumologia Oncológica do Serviço de Pneumologia do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho iniciou a sequenciação da mutação do recetor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR em doentes com CPNPC selecionados e desde 2010 realiza a sequenciação sistematicamente em todos os doentes, independentemente da histologia, hábitos tabágicos, idade ou sexo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o grupo de doentes que efetuou a sequenciação entre 2006-2010, determinar a frequência da mutação EGFR, avaliar as sobrevidas globais e após uso de inibidores da tirosina quinase (ITK, nos doentes que efetuaram esta terapêutica em 2.a e 3.a linha com conhecimento do estado da mutação do EGFR. Métodos: Análise estatística descritiva dos doentes que efetuaram sequenciação EGFR em 2006-2010 e sobrevida mediana global nos doentes que efetuaefetuaram ITK em 2.a e 3.a linha. Registo do material disponível para análise e demora média de resultado do exame, de acordo com o material enviado. Resultados: A sequenciação foi efetuada em 374 doentes, 71,1% sexo masculino, 67,1% não/ex-fumadores, 32,9% fumadores; 57,8% adenocarcinoma e 23,5% carcinoma epidermoide (CE. A mutação foi detetada em 49 doentes (13,1%. No total dos doentes estudados, a taxa de mutação foi de 9% no sexo masculino e 23% no sexo feminino. A sobrevida mediana global após o uso de erlotinib foi de 14 meses para os doentes com mutação positiva do EGFR versus 6 meses nos doentes não mutados (p = 0,003. Conclusão: O nosso grupo teve uma taxa de mutação global de 13,1%, com predom

  4. Disease: H00536 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available oencephalopathy (CADASIL) CADASIL is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic attacks and frequent migr...aines associated with diffuse white-matter abnormalities. CADASIL is caused by muta

  5. Doença Renal Policística do Adulto: uma atualização

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vagner Milani

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available A doença renal policística do adulto é uma desordem genética de caráter autossômico dominante, caracterizada por progressivo desenvolvimento e crescimento de cistos renais, que culminam com a falência renal terminal na meia-idade. Outras manifestações clínicas associadas incluem cistos hepáticos e pancreáticos, hipertensão, aneurismas cerebrais e defeitos cardiovasculares. Aspectos celulares e moleculares dos mecanismos de cistogênese envolvem proliferação e apoptose celular, remodelamento da matriz extracelular, secreção e acúmulo de fluidos. Geneticamente heterogênea, na maioria dos casos (aproximadamente 85% são mutações no gene PKD1, localizado no cromossomo 16p13.3, com o segundo gene, PKD2, localizado nos intervalos do cromossomo 4q13-q23, respondendo por 15% das mutações, ambos já seqüenciados e caracterizados. Existem evidências da interação comum das proteínas policistinas 1 e 2 em rotas de eventos de adesão extracelular e transporte iônico, possibilitando a regulação do fluxo de Ca2+ transmembrana. Inúmeros trabalhos vêm tentando correlacionar o genótipo mutado ao fenótipo expresso em termos da progressão e severidade da autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A análise das mutações autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease é fundamental para a compreensão dos mecanismos de atuação envolvidos na doença. Métodos de detecção baseados na reação em cadeia da polimerase têm sido amplamente empregados, como a reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa, protein truncation test, single-strand conformational polymorphism e denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, importantes ferramentas que auxiliam no seqüenciamento e caracterização dessas mutações.

  6. Disease: H00192 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1302742 (gene) ... AUTHORS ... Ichida K, Matsumura T, Sakuma R, Hosoya T, Nishino T ... ...AUTHORS ... Ichida K, Amaya Y, Kamatani N, Nishino T, Hosoya T, Sakai O ... TITLE ... Identification of two muta

  7. Reference: 757 [Arabidopsis Phenome Database[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available though the prothylakoids had ring-like shapes surrounding the PLBs. In addition, the ultrastructures of muta...nt chloroplasts lacked thylakoids, did not have grana stacks, and showed numerous globular structures of var

  8. Book review: Gyrfalcons and Ptarmigan in a changing world

    Science.gov (United States)

    Henny, Charles J.

    2013-01-01

    The Peregrine Fund has published proceedings of several conferences over the years and has become experts, and this 2 volume set is no exception. The title of the proceedings sounded especially interesting in this era of almost daily accounts in the media about climate change, its causes and its effects on the planet, including its flora and fauna. This 772-page Proceedings is loaded with useful information regarding Gyrfalcons and their prey and should be in the library of all serious raptor bibliophiles. The sponsors are to be commended for supporting the conference and for publishing the proceedings. Proceedings are available at http://www.peregrinefund.org/gyr-conf

  9. Monitoring of raptors and their contamination levels in Norway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Kålås, John Atle; Nygård, Torgeir; Herzke, Dorte; Folkestad, Alv Ottar

    2008-09-01

    This article summarizes results from raptor monitoring and contamination studies in Norway of the golden eagle, gyrfalcon, white-tailed sea eagle, osprey, peregrine, and merlin. Golden eagle and gyrfalcon populations have been monitored since 1990 as part of the "Monitoring Programme for Terrestrial Ecosystems" (TOV). No long-term trend in the population size or productivity of golden eagle has been shown in any of the 5 study areas. The reproductive output of gyrfalcon is monitored in 3 areas. It is positively correlated with the populations of its main prey species, the rock ptarmigan and the willow ptarmigan. The white-tailed sea eagle population has been monitored since 1974 by the Norwegian Ornithological Society, and the population is increasing. The levels of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls are low in the eggs of both the golden eagle and the gyrfalcon, but elevated levels and effects on reproduction have been indicated for a coastal subpopulation of golden eagle. The pollutant levels in white-tailed sea eagle are lower than in the Baltic population of sea eagles, and shell thinning was never severe overall, but individual eggs have contained pollutant concentrations above critical levels. The levels of pollutants in the bird-eating falcons, peregrine, and merlin were higher than in other species. New emerging pollutants, like brominated diphenylethers and perfluorinated organic compounds, could be detected in all species. By incorporating available published and unpublished data, we were able to produce time trends for pollutants and shell thickness over 4 decades.

  10. Generation and characterization of pigment mutants of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    acer

    One of the most serious ecological problems is muta- ... UV irradiation mutagenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-. 124 .... certain balance between the pigment content in the algal ... is bombarded with the full brunt of solar UV (ultraviolet).

  11. Controle de constitucionalidade em face da mutação constitucional e da mutação legal

    OpenAIRE

    Bufulin, Vinicius Castrequini; Universidade Estadual de Londrina

    2004-01-01

    The study seeks to approach the fundamental aspects of the informal alteration of the group of juridical norms. So that it is possible an analysis of the control of constitutional of the product of the Constitutional Mutation and of the Legal Mutation. El estudio busca acercarse los aspectos fundamentales de la alteración informal del ordenamiento jurídico. Que para que sea posible un análisis del mando de constitucionalidade del producto de la Mutación Constitucional y de la Mutación Leg...

  12. May anomalous X chromosome methylation be responsible for the ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    performed, in a woman who carried a fragile X full muta- tion. DNA extracted ... women's health (Christiansen 2006). .... However, the same productivity was observed from the ... This work was supported by a grant from Ministerio de Sanidad y.

  13. Protein complex finding and ranking: An application to Alzheimer's ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Pooja Sharma

    2017-07-07

    Jul 7, 2017 ... and a few other model organisms. .... form proteins) affect the protein formation process. Muta- ..... We implemented the ComFiR method in MATLAB run- ning on ..... Van Dongen SM 2001 Graph clustering by flow simulation.

  14. USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Number 59

    Science.gov (United States)

    1976-12-14

    VESTNIK SEL•SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNOY NAUKI in Russian No 8, Aug 76 pp 17-26 [Abstract] Despite wide use of mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and...muta- tions of Trichoderma lignorum fungus 91 R. SH. LATFULLINA. Selection of active yeast races for breadbaking

  15. TMFunction data: 414 [TMFunction[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available G386A;I395S ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

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    Full Text Available Y382S;V397L ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  17. TMFunction data: 409 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available L383M;F398L ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

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    Full Text Available A381S;S396F ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  19. TMFunction data: 417 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available S396A;F398L ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  20. TMFunction data: 412 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available L385R;L394F ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  1. TMFunction data: 406 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available A381V;L385K ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  2. TMFunction data: 418 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available F398I;T399K ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  3. TMFunction data: 410 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available L383Q;T399K ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  4. TMFunction data: 415 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available G391C;T393L ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  5. TMFunction data: 411 [TMFunction[Archive

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    Full Text Available V384G;G391D ... yes LACTOSE UPTAKE (non toxic, reduced activity) TM 12; Lactose permease Escherichia coli ... Ste...wart C, Bailey J, Manoil C. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 23;273(43):28078-84 cassette muta

  6. Distrofia miotônica tipo 1 em pacientes com catarata: diagnóstico molecular para triagem e aconselhamento genético Myotonic dystrophy type 1 in cataract patients: Molecular diagnosis for screening and genetic counseling

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Verónica Muñoz Rojas

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Detectar novos pacientes portadores da mutação e pré-mutação da DM1, entre pacientes com catarata e realizar aconselhamento genético. MÉTODOS: Foi estudado o DNA de 60 pacientes, por meio da análise por reação em cadeia de polimerase. Este estudo foi realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto e os pacientes foram selecionados a partir dos atendimentos realizados no Ambulatório de Catarata do Departamento de Oftalmologia, entre 01/01/1982 a 30/06/1995. Os critérios de seleção foram pacientes com menos de 55 anos, com catarata bilateral, sem fator causal que justificasse a lesão, exceto por diabete melito tipo 2 com ou sem sinais neuromusculares sugestivos de distrofia miotônica. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 3 pacientes com a mutação completa, correspondendo a 5% da amostra. Nenhum portador da pré-mutação foi encontrado. A partir dos pacientes diagnosticados, outros familiares afetados foram detectados. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo enfatiza a importância da triagem de distrofia miotônica tipo 1 (DM1 entre pacientes com catarata, e mostra, também, a importância do aconselhamento genético destes pacientes.PURPOSE: To detect MD1 premutation and full mutation carriers among cataract patients and offer familial genetic counseling. METHODS: We studied the DNA of 60 selected cataract patients through polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study was performed at the "Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto" where selected patients had been examined at the Cataract Outpatient Clinic from 01/01/1982 to 30/06/1995. Selection criteria were age under 55 with no obvious precipitating factor, except diabetes mellitus type 2, with or without neuromuscular signs suggestive of myotonic dystrophy. RESULTS: Three patients were found to have a full mutation corresponding to 5% of the group. Additional affected individuals were found among patients' relatives. No

  7. CULTURA ȘI IMPACTUL VALORILOR CULTURALE ASUPRA COMPORTAMENTULUI CONSUMATORULUI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Profira CRISTAFOVICI

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available La etapa actuală, abordarea culturală a consumului este o necesitate stringentă, care ar permite înțelegerea mai pro­fundă a comportamentului consumatorului aflat sub incidența mutațiilor culturale ca urmare a asimilării valorilor postmodernismului, schimbărilor mediului și procesului de globalizare. În acest articol autorii evidențiază unele mutații culturale cu impact asupra consumului din RepublicaMoldova.CULTURE AND IMPACT OF CULTURAL VALUES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIORAt present time, the cultural approach of consumption is an urging necessity that would allow a deeper understanding of consumer behavior that is subject to cultural mutations as a result of assimilation of the values of postmodernism, changes in the environment and the process of globalization. In this article the authors highlight some cultural mutations with an impact on consumption in the Republicof Moldova.

  8. "Sobre muros e jardins": poesia e videodança

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga Valeska

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2014v10n1p187 Neste trabalho propomos uma análise semiótica da videodança “Sobre Muros e Jardins”, promovido pelos Grupos de Pesquisa parceiros COMTE do Posling-CEFET-MG e CCODA da UFMG. Este vídeo foi produzido a partir do poema homônimo de Olga Valeska "Sobre Muros e Jardins", presente no seu livro Mundos e Mutações. Como tradução semiótica ele envolve distintas linguagens como a literária, a fílmica e a dança. Nosso objetivo é verificar como tais linguagens foram transpostas para o gênero “vídeodança”, em um processo dinâmico de mutação entre distintas texturas de imagens, sons e movimentos rítmicos.

  9. Quantifying fenbendazole and its metabolites in self-medicating wild red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus using an HPLC-MS-MS approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adam, Aileen; Webster, Lucy M I; Mullen, William; Keller, Lukas F; Johnson, Paul C D

    2011-05-11

    On red grouse estates in the UK the nematode parasite Trichostrongylus tenuis is often controlled by application of grit medicated with the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ). To date, assessment of the efficacy has been inhibited by the inability to quantify uptake of FBZ by the birds. We have developed a simple and sensitive HPLC-MS-MS method for detecting and quantifying FBZ and its metabolites from a 300 mg sample of red grouse liver. This method could be used to improve the efficacy of medicated grit treatment by allowing the identification of conditions and application methods that optimize the uptake of FBZ. With the necessary modifications, our method will also be applicable to other wildlife species where self-medication is used for parasite control. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. As bases moleculares da hemofilia A

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Ferreira Pio

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available As hemofilias são doenças hemorrágicas resultantes da deficiência de fator VIII (hemofilia A ou de fator IX (hemofilia B da coagulação, decorrentes de mutações nos genes que codificam os fatores VIII ou IX, respectivamente. A hemofilia A é mais frequente que a hemofilia B e acomete aproximadamente 1:10.000 nascimentos masculinos. A gravidade e frequência dos episódios hemorrágicos está relacionado ao nível residual de atividade de fator VIII presente no plasma e este relaciona-se ao tipo de mutação associada à doença. A clonagem do gene do fator VIII tornou possível o conhecimento das bases moleculares da hemofilia A, sendo hoje conhecidas mais de 1.000 mutações associadas à doença. O conhecimento das bases moleculares da hemofilia A permite uma melhor compreensão da relação genótipo-fenótipo da doença, tomada de condutas clínicas diferenciadas em casos de mutações associadas a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de inibidor, determinação da condição de portadora de hemofilia em mulheres relacionadas aos pacientes, implementação de programa de aconselhamento genético/orientação familiar e melhor compreensão das relações estruturais-funcionais do gene-proteína. Este artigo propõe revisar as bases moleculares da hemofilia A, os métodos laboratoriais utilizados para a caracterização das mutações e as implicações clínicas envolvidas no diagnóstico molecular da hemofilia A.Hemophilias are bleeding disorders due to deficiency of the blood coagulation factor VIII (hemophilia A or factor IX (hemophilia B, resulting from mutation on the gene coding for factor VIII or factor IX. Hemophilia A is more frequent than hemophilia B and affects 1:10,000 male newborns. The severity and frequency of hemorrhagic episodes is related to residual activity of factor VIII present in the plasma and relates to the type of mutation associated with the disorder. Cloning of the factor VIII gene has enabled researchers to

  11. Arabidopsis GUX Proteins Are Glucuronyltransferases Responsible for the Addition of Glucuronic Acid Side Chains onto Xylan

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xylan, the second most abundant cell wall polysaccharide, is composed of a linear backbone of β-(1,4)-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with sugar side chains, such as glucuronic acid (GlcA) and methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA). It has recently been shown that muta...

  12. An ATP-dependent ligase with substrate flexibility involved in assembly of the peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic polyoxin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Polyoxin (POL) is an unusual nucleoside antibiotic, in which peptidyl moiety and nucleoside skeleton are linked by an amide bond. However, their biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Here, we report the deciphering of PolG as an ATP-dependent ligase responsible for the assembly of POL. A polG muta...

  13. Vegetation management with fire modifies peatland soil thermal regime.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Lee E; Palmer, Sheila M; Johnston, Kerrylyn; Holden, Joseph

    2015-05-01

    Vegetation removal with fire can alter the thermal regime of the land surface, leading to significant changes in biogeochemistry (e.g. carbon cycling) and soil hydrology. In the UK, large expanses of carbon-rich upland environments are managed to encourage increased abundance of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) by rotational burning of shrub vegetation. To date, though, there has not been any consideration of whether prescribed vegetation burning on peatlands modifies the thermal regime of the soil mass in the years after fire. In this study thermal regime was monitored across 12 burned peatland soil plots over an 18-month period, with the aim of (i) quantifying thermal dynamics between burned plots of different ages (from post burning), and (ii) developing statistical models to determine the magnitude of thermal change caused by vegetation management. Compared to plots burned 15 + years previously, plots recently burned (management effects. Temperatures measured in soil plots burned vegetation regrows. Our findings that prescribed peatland vegetation burning alters soil thermal regime should provide an impetus for further research to understand the consequences of thermal regime change for carbon processing and release, and hydrological processes, in these peatlands. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  14. Caracterização genético-clínica de pacientes com fenilcetonúria no Estado de Alagoas = Genetic and clinical characterization of patients with phenylketonuria in Alagoas state, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos, Emerson Santana

    2012-01-01

    Conclusões: O genótipo V388M/IVS10nt11G>A foi o mais prevalente. Trinta por cento dos pacientes foram sintomáticos, provavelmente pela natureza das mutações, não adesão ao tratamento, tratamento inadequado e/ou diagnóstico tardio

  15. Investigation of GRIN2A> in common epilepsy phenotypes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lal, Dennis; Steinbrücker, Sandra; Schubert, Julian

    2015-01-01

    Recently, mutations and deletions in the GRIN2A gene have been identified to predispose to benign and severe idiopathic focal epilepsies (IFE), revealing a higher incidence of GRIN2A alterations among the more severe phenotypes. This study aimed to explore the phenotypic boundaries of GRIN2A muta...

  16. Variation and Inter-relationship ,Between Yield aJld,SQQl

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Variation and Inter-relationship ,Between Yield aJld,SQQl~ ",,,',, ... Analysis of variance revealed sigiiificaiit'differences, among the-teSted. • .:' '. J ~ I .... Successful use of. muta~ "number of panicles,~r~~ metre,', 100Q,grain ... ponents and to assess genetic x ,environment inter- , individual traits, estimates of error phenotYpic,.

  17. Fatal pox infection in a rough-legged hawk

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pearson, G.L.; Pass, D.A.; Beggs, E.C.

    1975-01-01

    Natural pox infection occurred in a free-living rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) in northeastern North Dakota. Gross, histological and electron microscopic findings were typical of pox infection, and characteristic lesions developed in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) but not in great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) following inoculation with case material. Death of the rough-legged hawk was attributed to starvation resulting from inability to capture prey and to blood loss from foot lesions.

  18. Efeito de fármacos ototóxicos na audição de recém-nascidos de alto risco Effects of ototoxic drugs in the hearing of high risk newborns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marília Fontenele e Silva Câmara

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Calcular a incidência da perda auditiva sensorioneural (PASN em recém-nascidos de alto risco, verificar se existe associação causal entre o uso de fármacos ototóxicos em neonatos de alto risco e a PASN e estabelecer a frequência das mutações genéticas relacionadas à PASN em neonatos de alto risco. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi uma coorte retrospectiva e prospectiva realizada em 250 crianças. Foi realizada coleta de dados em prontuários e com os responsáveis, triagem auditiva por emissões otoacústicas-produto de distorção, timpanometria, audiometria com reforço visual, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico e emissões otoacústicas transientes. A pesquisa das mutações genéticas 35delG e mitocondriais A1555G e A7445G, foi fundamental para avaliar a possibilidade da PASN ser de origem genética não-sindrômica. RESULTADOS: A incidência da PASN foi de 11,6%, as associações causais entre a PASN e os fármacos administrados foram: amicacina e cefotaxima (OR 5,35, cefotaxima e furosemida (OR 7,02, ceftazidima e vancomicina (OR 9,12. A frequência da mutação 35delG foi de 0,8% e para as mutações mitocondriais A1555G e A7445G foi 0%. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de PASN em recém-nascidos de alto risco foi alta, apresentando importante relação causal com o uso de medicamentos e pequena relação com mutações genéticas.PURPOSE: To calculate the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL, to verify if there is a causal association between the use of ototoxic drugs and SNHL, and to establish the frequency of genetic mutations related to SNHL in high risk newborns. METHODS: The study was a retrospective and prospective cohort research with 250 children. Data was gathered from subjects' charts and with their caregivers. Moreover, subjects were submitted to auditory evaluation with distortion product otoacoustic emissions, timpanometry, visual reinforcement audiometry, auditory brainstem response and

  19. Snake venomics across genus Lachesis. Ontogenetic changes in the venom composition of Lachesis stenophrys and comparative proteomics of the venoms of adult Lachesis melanocephala and Lachesis acrochorda.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Madrigal, Marvin; Sanz, Libia; Flores-Díaz, Marietta; Sasa, Mahmood; Núñez, Vitelbina; Alape-Girón, Alberto; Calvete, Juan J

    2012-12-21

    We report the proteomic analysis of ontogenetic changes in venom composition of the Central American bushmaster, Lachesis stenophrys, and the characterization of the venom proteomes of two congeneric pitvipers, Lachesis melanocephala (black-headed bushmaster) and Lachesis acrochorda (Chochoan bushmaster). Along with the previous characterization of the venom proteome of Lachesis muta muta (from Bolivia), our present outcome enables a comparative overview of the composition and distribution of the toxic proteins across genus Lachesis. Comparative venomics revealed the close kinship of Central American L. stenophrys and L. melanocephala and support the elevation of L. acrochorda to species status. Major ontogenetic changes in the toxin composition of L. stenophrys venom involves quantitative changes in the concentration of vasoactive peptides and serine proteinases, which steadily decrease from birth to adulthood, and age-dependent de novo biosynthesis of Gal-lectin and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). The net result is a shift from a bradykinin-potentiating and C-type natriuretic peptide (BPP/C-NP)-rich and serine proteinase-rich venom in newborns and 2-years-old juveniles to a (PI>PIII) SVMP-rich venom in adults. Notwithstanding minor qualitative and quantitative differences, the venom arsenals of L. melanocephala and L. acrochorda are broadly similar between themselves and also closely mirror those of adult L. stenophrys and L. muta venoms. The high conservation of the overall composition of Central and South American bushmaster venoms provides the ground for rationalizing the "Lachesis syndrome", characterized by vagal syntomatology, sensorial disorders, hematologic, and cardiovascular manifestations, documented in envenomings by different species of this wide-ranging genus. This finding let us predict that monospecific Lachesic antivenoms may exhibit paraspecificity against all congeneric species. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Drug: D08559 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Antineoplastic ... DG01585 ... Estrogen receptor antagonist Other ... DG01619 ... Clomifene and tamoxifen derivative ... DG01620 ... Tam... D08559 Drug Tamoxifen (INN); Tamoxifen (TN); Tamoplex (TN) ... C26H29NO D08559.gif ... ...en [CPD:C16547] Indication: Metastatic breast cancer Use Tamoxifen to Patients who have factor V leiden muta

  1. Fulltext PDF

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2009-12-02

    Dec 2, 2009 ... incidence rate in various parts of the world. It is the most common ... Bank accession number L11910) on chromosome 13q14,. *For correspondence. ... lows for prompt management of the disease and better vi- sual outcome in ..... ported earlier to our knowledge and these are novel muta- tions identified in ...

  2. Genetic signatures of adaptation revealed from transcriptome sequencing of Arctic and red foxes

    OpenAIRE

    Kumar, Vikas; Kutschera, Verena E.; Nilsson, Maria A.; Janke, Axel

    2015-01-01

    Background The genus Vulpes (true foxes) comprises numerous species that inhabit a wide range of habitats and climatic conditions, including one species, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) which is adapted to the arctic region. A close relative to the Arctic fox, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), occurs in subarctic to subtropical habitats. To study the genetic basis of their adaptations to different environments, transcriptome sequences from two Arctic foxes and one red fox individual were generated...

  3. Caminhos da escrita de uma cidade: a presença de Luanda na literatura angolana contemporânea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania Macêdo

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available O texto elabora uma reflexão sobre a representação de Luanda na literatura angolana contemporânea, objetivando examinar em que medida as mudanças ocorridas, ao longo do tempo, nessa representação indiciam mutações no projeto nacional forjado nas lutas pela independênciade Angola.

  4. The long term response of birds to climate change: new results from a cold stage avifauna in northern England.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John R Stewart

    Full Text Available The early MIS 3 (55-40 Kyr BP associated with Middle Palaeolithic archaeology bird remains from Pin Hole, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire, England are analysed in the context of the new dating of the site's stratigraphy. The analysis is restricted to the material from the early MIS 3 level of the cave because the upper fauna is now known to include Holocene material as well as that from the Late Glacial. The results of the analysis confirm the presence of the taxa, possibly unexpected for a Late Pleistocene glacial deposit including records such as Alpine swift, demoiselle crane and long-legged buzzard with southern and/or eastern distributions today. These taxa are accompanied by more expected ones such as willow ptarmigan /red grouse and rock ptarmigan living today in northern and montane areas. Finally, there are temperate taxa normally requiring trees for nesting such as wood pigeon and grey heron. Therefore, the result of the analysis is that the avifauna of early MIS 3 in England included taxa whose ranges today do not overlap making it a non-analogue community similar to the many steppe-tundra mammalian faunas of the time. The inclusion of more temperate and woodland taxa is discussed in the light that parts of northern Europe may have acted as cryptic northern refugia for some such taxa during the last glacial. These records showing former ranges of taxa are considered in the light of modern phylogeographic studies as these often assume former ranges without considering the fossil record of those taxa. In addition to the anomalous combination of taxa during MIS 3 living in Derbyshire, the individuals of a number of the taxa are different in size and shape to members of the species today probably due to the high carrying capacity of the steppe-tundra.

  5. Vertebrate Herbivore Browsing on Neighboring Forage Species Increases the Growth and Dominance of Siberian Alder Across a Latitudinal Transect in Northern Alaska.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McNeill, E. M.; Ruess, R. W.

    2017-12-01

    Vertebrate herbivores strongly influence plant growth and architecture, biogeochemical cycling, and successional dynamics in boreal and arctic ecosystems. One of the most notable impacts of vertebrate herbivory is on the growth and spread of alder, a chemically-defended, N-fixing shrub whose distribution in the Alaskan arctic has expanded dramatically over the past 60 years. Although herbivore effects on thin-leaf alder are well described for interior Alaskan floodplains, no work has been conducted on the effects of herbivores on Siberian alder (Alnus viridis spp fruticosa), despite the increasing importance of this species to high latitude ecosystems. We characterized browsing by snowshoe hares, moose, and willow ptarmigan on dominant shrub species across topo-edaphic sequences within 5 ecoregions along a 600 km latitudinal transect extending from interior Alaska to the North Slope. Ptarmigan browsed wind-blown lowland and alpine sites devoid of trees in all regions; moose browsed predominantly willow species in hardwood and mixed forests and were absent north of the Brooks Range; snowshoe hares selected habitats and forage based on their local density and vulnerability to predators. Browsing intensity on Siberian alder was either undetectable or low, limited primarily to hare browsing on young ramets in the northern boreal forest where hare density relative to forage availability is highest. Overall, alder height growth was positively correlated with levels of herbivory on competing shrub species. Our data support the hypothesis that vertebrate herbivore browsing is indirectly augmenting the growth, dominance, and possible spread of Siberian alder throughout its northern Alaskan range. Given the potential high rates of N-fixation inputs by Siberian alder, we believe herbivores are also having strong indirect effects on biogeochemical cycling and possibly C storage in these landscapes.

  6. Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in terrestrial environments in Greenland and Faroe Islands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bossi, Rossana; Dam, Maria; Rigét, Frank F

    2015-06-01

    Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) have been measured in liver samples from terrestrial organisms from Greenland and the Faeroe Islands. Samples from ptarmigan (West Greenland), reindeer (southwest-Greenland), muskox (East Greenland), and land-locked Arctic char from southwest Greenland and the Faroe Islands were analyzed. In addition, PFASs levels in land-locked brown trout from Faroese lakes are reported. Of the 17 PFASs analyzed in the samples the following compounds were detected: PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTrA, and PFTeA. PFNA was the compound detected in most samples and in all species. However, the compound detected at highest concentration was dependent on species, with overall highest concentrations of PFTrA and PFUnA being detected in trout liver from Lake á Mýranar (Faroe Islands). In muskox, the PFAS occurring at highest concentrations was PFDA, which was among the PFAS detected at lowest concentrations in freshwater fish, and was only detected in one individual ptarmigan. The concentration of PFOS, PFDoA and PFTrA in Arctic char from Greenland and Faroe Islands were similar, whereas the concentration of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA were higher in Arctic char than those from Greenland. The opposite was observed for PFTeA. The PFASs occurring at highest concentrations in trout were PFTrA and PFUnA. Arctic char from Lake á Mýranar had much lower concentrations of PFTrA and PFUnA than in trout from the lakes analyzed, but a higher concentration of PFTeA than trout from the same lake. A clear pattern with odd-carbon number homologues concentrations higher than the next lower even homologue was observed in fish samples, which is consistent with the hypothesis of transport of volatile precursors to remote regions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. The Long Term Response of Birds to Climate Change: New Results from a Cold Stage Avifauna in Northern England

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stewart, John R.

    2015-01-01

    The early MIS 3 (55–40 Kyr BP associated with Middle Palaeolithic archaeology) bird remains from Pin Hole, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire, England are analysed in the context of the new dating of the site’s stratigraphy. The analysis is restricted to the material from the early MIS 3 level of the cave because the upper fauna is now known to include Holocene material as well as that from the Late Glacial. The results of the analysis confirm the presence of the taxa, possibly unexpected for a Late Pleistocene glacial deposit including records such as Alpine swift, demoiselle crane and long-legged buzzard with southern and/or eastern distributions today. These taxa are accompanied by more expected ones such as willow ptarmigan /red grouse and rock ptarmigan living today in northern and montane areas. Finally, there are temperate taxa normally requiring trees for nesting such as wood pigeon and grey heron. Therefore, the result of the analysis is that the avifauna of early MIS 3 in England included taxa whose ranges today do not overlap making it a non-analogue community similar to the many steppe-tundra mammalian faunas of the time. The inclusion of more temperate and woodland taxa is discussed in the light that parts of northern Europe may have acted as cryptic northern refugia for some such taxa during the last glacial. These records showing former ranges of taxa are considered in the light of modern phylogeographic studies as these often assume former ranges without considering the fossil record of those taxa. In addition to the anomalous combination of taxa during MIS 3 living in Derbyshire, the individuals of a number of the taxa are different in size and shape to members of the species today probably due to the high carrying capacity of the steppe-tundra. PMID:25992609

  8. Microscopic and Molecular Tracing of Cryptosporidium Oocysts: Identifying a Possible Reservoir of Infection in Red Grouse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Baines

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Infection by Cryptosporidium baileyi causes respiratory cryptosporidiosis in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scotica. First diagnosed in 2010, it has since been detected across half of moors managed for grouse shooting in northern England. We hypothesised that contaminated grouse faeces within communal trays visited by grouse containing grit coated with flubendazole, provided to control Trichostrongylus tenuis parasites of grouse, is a reservoir of infection. To establish the basis to this hypothesis, contents of 23 trays from a grouse moor were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Contents were subjected to Immuno Magnetic Separation oocyst concentration techniques prior to examination by Immuno Fluorescence Antibody Test microscopy and molecular analysis on the 18S rRNA gene. Seven of 13 (54% grit trays known to be used by infected grouse were positive for Cryptosporidium by IMS-IFAT, compared to two of 10 (20% random background trays. Ten of the 13 (77% trays used by infected birds amplified positive for Cryptosporidium by Polymerase Chain Reaction and three of the 10 (30% random trays. All PCR amplified products sequenced matched with C. baileyi, with C. parvum also present in one tray. These data suggest that trays used to “worm” grouse may act as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium infection and their future design may need to be reconsidered to minimise contamination.

  9. Vertebrate predator-prey interactions in a seasonal environment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schmidt, Niels Martin; Berg, Thomas B; Forchhammer, Mads

    2008-01-01

    erminea predation and stabilising predation from the generalist predators, in Zackenbergdalen mainly the arctic fox Alopex lagopus. In Zackenbergdalen, however, the coupling between the specialist stoat and the lemming population is relatively weak. During summer, the predation pressure is high......The High Arctic, with its low number of species, is characterised by a relatively simple ecosystem, and the vertebrate predator-prey interactions in the valley Zackenbergdalen in Northeast Greenland are centred around the collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus and its multiple predators...

  10. Triagem auditiva neonatal: das alterações auditivas à análise molecular Newborn hearing screening: from audiological alterations to molecular analyses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaqueline Medeiros de Mello

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência da deficiência auditiva em um programa de triagem auditiva neonatal e investigar mutações do gene GJB2 naqueles com suspeita de deficiência auditiva. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo longitudinal com 908 RN a termo, pós-termo e pré-termo que foram submetidos à realização da triagem auditiva por meio do teste de Emissão Otoacústica Evocada por Estímulo Transiente (EOA-T e reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP. Para os recém-nascidos, em que houve falha na triagem auditiva em uma ou ambas as orelhas, eram encaminhados para uma segunda avaliação. No reteste, quando o teste de EOA-T resultasse em não passa em uma ou ambas as orelhas, a criança era encaminhada para avaliação e conduta otorrinolaringológica. Após realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE a equipe de avaliadores decidia se deveria encaminhar a criança para investigação da mutação. Quando havia suspeita de deficiência auditiva era colhido 3 mL de sangue venoso periférico para a pesquisa de mutação do gene da conexina 26. RESULTADOS: foi constatado a presença de deficiência auditiva condutiva em 2 recém-nascidos (0,22% e neurossensorial em 1 (0,11%. Na criança com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial foi detectada a presença da mutação 35delG. CONCLUSÃO: a avaliação audiológica em conjunto com exames moleculares das principais mutações do gene GJB2 em recém-nascidos com suspeita da deficiência auditiva contribuiu para a rapidez do diagnóstico audiológico, visando uma intervenção precoce, aconselhamento genético e prognóstico educacional da criança.PURPOSE: to assess the prevalence of hearing loss in a newborn hearing screening program and investigate mutations in the GJB2 gene in those with suspected hearing loss. METHOD: we performed longitudinal study of 908 term infants, post-term and preterm infants who underwent hearing screening by the test Emission Transient Evoked

  11. Linfedema congénito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Neves

    2017-04-01

    Comentários/Discussão: Doença rara, caracterizada por anaplasia/hipoplasia dos vasos linfáticos e edema dos membros inferiores, geralmente bilateral, podendo cursar com hidrocelo, celulite recorrente e alterações nas unhas. Transmissão autossómica dominante, mas mutação encontrada em apenas 70% dos indivíduos afetados.vv

  12. Effect of eugenol on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and the formation of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in the X-lacZ-transgenic mouse.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rompelberg, C.J.M.; Steenwinkel, M.J.S.T.; Asten, J.G. van; Delft, J.H.M. van; Baan, R.A.; Verhagen, H.

    1996-01-01

    To study the possible reduction by eugenol of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of benzoja]pyrene (B[a]P) in vivo, the X-lacZ-transgenic mouse strain 40.6 (Muta(TM)Mouse) was used. Male mice were fed a diet containing 0.4% (w/w) eugenol or a control diet for 58 days. On day 10, half of the mice

  13. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    siripongp

    2012-01-19

    Jan 19, 2012 ... ... higher than that of NU4. Glucose consumption of these mutants was also higher than that of ... those of plant cellulose (Ross et al., 1991). Conseq- uently, BC from .... mutant with the highest BC yield was selected for further muta- genesis by NTG. ..... zers of acetate and lactate to CO2 and H2O and gelatin.

  14. Homozygotic intronic GAA mutation in three siblings with late-onset Pompe's disease Mutação homozigótica intrônica no gene GAA em três irmãos com doença de Pompe de início tardio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anderson Kuntz Grzesiuk

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Pompe's disease (PD is a metabolic myopathy caused by the accumulation of lysosomal glycogen, secondary to acid α-glucosidase (GAA enzyme deficiency. Childhood and late-onset forms are described, differing by the age of onset and symptoms. In this study were analyzed affected siblings with Pompe's disease (PD and their distinct clinical and pathological presentations. METHOD: Diagnosis was performed by the clinical presentation of limb-girdle dystrophies and respiratory compromise. Confirmatory diagnoses were conducted by muscle biopsy, GAA activity measurement and by GAA gene genotyping. RESULTS: The findings suggested muscular involvement due to GAA deficiency. GAA genotyping showed they are homozygous for the c.-32-3C>A mutation. CONCLUSION: Herein we reported a family where three out of five siblings were diagnosed with late-onset PD, although it is a rare metabolic disease inherited in an autossomal recessive manner. We emphasize the importance of including this presentation within the differential diagnoses of the limb-girdle dystrophies once enzyme replacement therapy is available.A doença de Pompe (DP é uma miopatia originada do acúmulo lisossomal de glicogênio, devido à deficiência da enzima α-glicosidase ácida (GAA, sendo descritas formas de inicio precoce e tardio. Neste estudo analisamos retrospectivamente o perfil clinico e patológico de 3 irmãos portadores de doença de Pompe de inicio tardio. MÉTODO: O diagnóstico foi realizado mediante apresentação clinica de distrofia de cinturas associado a comprometimento respiratório, sendo confirmado por biópsia muscular e análise da atividade e genotipagem da GAA. RESULTADOS: Os exames clínicos e laboratoriais demonstram envolvimento muscular devido à deficiência da GAA, com uma mutação c.-32-3C>A em homozigose. CONCLUSÃO: Relatamos os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais de 3 irmãos afetados por doença de Pompe de início tardio. Enfatizamos a importância de

  15. Mutações cruzadas: a cidadania e a escola

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Dubet

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, el autor discute la ciudadanía de ayer y de hoy, considerándola como un tema complejo porque supone la igualdad y la autonomía de los sujetos. Él tiene como referencia la escuela republicana francesa, que deliberadamente fue pensada como la escuela de la ciudadanía. A partir de una retrospectiva histórica de movimientos que caracterizan la construcción de la escuela republicana, elaborada bajo la influencia de la Iglesia, el autor descubre contradicciones y paradojos de ese proceso. Su reflexión muestra que la educación se fue configurando en una forma escolar particular, que denomina de "programa institucional", y que, en el transcurso de las mutaciones recientes del Estado nación, éste acarretó transformaciones de la propia naturaleza del trabajo sobre otro. Por fin, el autor desenvuelve un modelo de ciudadanía post nacional y post institucional, delineando apuestas alrededor de las cuales se constituirían las nuevas figuras de una "formación ciudadana".

  16. Antigenic cross-reactivity and immunogenicity of Bothrops venoms from snakes of the Amazon region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Furtado, Maria de Fátima D; Cardoso, Silvia Travaglia; Soares, Oscar Espellet; Pereira, Aparecida Pietro; Fernandes, Daniel Silva; Tambourgi, Denise Vilarinho; Sant'Anna, Osvaldo Augusto

    2010-04-01

    Snakebites are still a critical public health problem in developing countries or isolated areas. In Brazil, the North Region has a high distribution coefficient worsened by the significant number of eventually unreported cases, due to difficulties in access to health services, to the natural geographic barriers and the vast territory. In the Rio Negro area, the species Bothrops atrox, Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta muta and Bothriopsis taeniata are thought to be the major species responsible for snakebites. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the antigenic cross-reactivity and expression of toxins and the immunogenicity of Bothrops venom species of the Amazon and to evaluate the general efficacy of the therapeutic sera. The in vivo assays demonstrated that the defibrinating activity of B. taeniata venom was absent but that the lethal and hemorrhagic properties were more intense than in the B. atrox venom. The results evidence venom variability among the two B. atrox populations from two distinct Amazonian regions, which may reveal a subjacent speciation process. The results point to new aspects that may guide the improvement of anti-Bothropic therapeutic serum. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Red fox takeover of arctic fox breeding den : an observation from Yamal Peninsula, Russia

    OpenAIRE

    Rodnikova, Anna; Ims, Rolf Anker; Sokolov, Alexander; Skogstad, Gunhild; Sokolov, Vasily; Shtro, Victor; Fuglei, Eva

    2011-01-01

    Here, we report from the first direct observation of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) intrusion on an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) breeding den from the southern Arctic tundra of Yamal Peninsula, Russia in 2007. At the same time, as a current range retraction of the original inhabitant of the circumpolar tundra zone the arctic fox is going on, the red fox is expanding their range from the south into arctic habitats. Thus, within large parts of the northern tundra areas the two species are sympatric w...

  18. ORF Alignment: NC_002758 [GENIUS II[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available NC_002758 gi|15923765 >1o98A 1 508 2 503 0.0 ... dbj|BAB56937.1| 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate...GAM) ... (iPGM) ref|NP_373985.1| 2, ... 3-diphosphoglycerate-independentphosphoglycer ate muta...se ... [Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315] ... dbj|BAB41963.1| 2, 3-diphosphoglycerat...subsp. aureus N315] ref|NP_371299.1| 2, ... 3-diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase

  19. ORF Alignment: NC_002745 [GENIUS II[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available NC_002745 gi|15926452 >1o98A 1 508 2 503 0.0 ... dbj|BAB56937.1| 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate...GAM) ... (iPGM) ref|NP_373985.1| 2, ... 3-diphosphoglycerate-independentphosphoglycer ate muta...se ... [Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315] ... dbj|BAB41963.1| 2, 3-diphosphoglycerat...subsp. aureus N315] ref|NP_371299.1| 2, ... 3-diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase

  20. Atypical case of B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia presenting with extreme hyperleukocytosis / Hiperleucocitoză extremă într-un caz atipic de leucemie limfatică cronică cu celulă B

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bacârea Anca

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available În literatura de specialitate sunt prezentate foarte puține cazuri de leucemie limfocitară cronică (LLC, care debutează cu hiperleucocitoză extremă. Descriem cazul unei femei în vârstă de 66 ani, care se prezintă cu hiperleucocitoză extremă de 774.2 x 109 / litru, stadiul Rai III și stadiul Binet C. Pacienta nu are comorbidități și scorul CIRS (scala cumulativă de evaluare a bolii este cu mult sub 6, cu clearance-ul creatininei normal. Alte aspecte interesante legate de acest caz sunt imunofenotipul atipic, expresia ciclinei D1, infecția cu virusul hepatitei B, care au făcut ca diagnosticul și tratamentul acestei paciente să fie o provocare. Pacienta a fost testată pentru prezența mutației NOTCH1 care a fost pozitivă. Există dovezi că mutațiile NOTCH1 sunt asociate cu boala rapid progresivă și rezistență la tratament. Distincția dintre LLC și limfomul cu celule din manta (LCM nu este întotdeauna ușoară, deoarece unele cazuri de LCM pot mima LLC din punct de vedere clinic, histologic și/sau fenotipic. Profilaxia hepatitei B pentru reactivarea virală nu a fost disponibilă, iar pacienta a fost tratată numai cu fludarabină și ciclofosfamidă, fără rituximab. Markerul CD200 ar trebui să fie introdus în panelul de rutină pentru citometria în flux pentru a distinge LLC de limfomul de manta iar mutația NOTCH1 este asociată cu un prognostic nefavorabil și ar trebui sa fie evaluată la diagnostic. LLC cu hiperleucocitoză extremă la debut este foarte rară, iar uneori, un LLC atipic poate reprezenta o capcană de diagnostic.

  1. PRO-KONTRA NIKAH MUTAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SHARI'AH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Haris Hidayatulloh

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Perkawinan merupakan suatu ikatan yang mengandung serangkaian perjanjian yang sangat kuat diantara suami dan istri. Al-Qur’an menyebutnya dengan perjanjian yang kokoh. Dalam pandangan Islam perkawinan pada prinsipnya bersifat kekal, dan tidak dibatasi oleh rentang waktu tertentu. Pernikahan dalam Islam mempunyai tujuan dan hikmah tersendiri. Diantara tujuan pernikahan dalam Islam adalah untuk memenuhi petunjuk Allah dalam rangka memb.a keluarga yang harmonis, sejahtera dan bahagia dan juga untuk menghasilkan serta melestarikan keturunan. Islam sangat mendorong orang untuk melangsungkan pernikahan secara benar. Oleh karenanya, salah satu maqa>s{id al-shari>’ah (tujuan syariah, yaitu menjaga keturunan. Oleh karenanya perkawinan dapat dilaksanakan setelah semua pihak yang telah memenuhi persyaratan dan rukun dari perkawinan yang telah ditetapkan dalam hukum  Islam. Akan tetapi mencul permasalahan perkawinan yang terjadi di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat, yaitu pernikahan yang hanya untuk sementara waktu atau dibatasi oleh rentang waktu tertentu, yang hanya semata-mata untuk menyalurkan hasrat seksual atau sekedar memenuhi kebutuhan bilogis. Dalam Islam dikenal dengan istilah nikah mutah dan kalau di Indonesia dikenal dengan istilah kawin kontrak.Marriage is a bond, containing a series of meaningful agreement  between a husband and wife. It is mentioned in Qur’an as solid agreement. In Islamic view, marriage is everlasting and has a purpose as well as wisdom. One of the purpose of marriage is to establish harmonius, welfare and happiness family. It is also used to generate islamic generation. Islam also highly supported to marry properly. Therefore, based on shariah view, the purpose of marriage is to maintaining the descendant. Furthermore, there are some requirement to perform the marriage by fulfilling the pillar based on Islamic law. However, there is  marriage problem in society. It is called muta. Muta is old fashion tradition

  2. Population dynamical responses to climate change

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Forchhammer, Mads; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Høye, Toke Thomas

    2008-01-01

    approaches, we analyse concurrently the influence of climatic variability and trophic interactions on the temporal population dynamics of species in the terrestrial vertebrate community at Zackenberg. We describe and contrast the population dynamics of three predator species (arctic fox Alopex lagopus, stoat...... of arctic fox were not significantly related to changes in lemming abundance, both the stoat and the breeding of long-tailed skua were mainly related to lemming dynamics. The predator-prey system at Zackenberg differentiates from previously described systems in high-arctic Greenland, which, we suggest...

  3. Trichinella infections in arctic foxes from Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kapel, C. M O; Henriksen, S. A.; Berg, T. B.

    1995-01-01

    Studies were carried out to determine the predilection sites of Trichinella nativa muscle larvae in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) caught in Greenland. The highest number of larvae per gram of tissue was found in the muscles of the eyes and the legs. With regard to predilection sites no significant...... differences were demonstrated either between age groups or between foxes with high and low total parasite burdens. Predilection sites were comparable with those recorded earlier in experimentally infected caged foxes and in other carnivorous species. Hypotheses on predilection sites of Trichinella muscle...

  4. USSR and Eastern Europe Scientific Abstracts, Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences, Number 92

    Science.gov (United States)

    1978-07-26

    radiation sources Sr90-Y90 (E = 0.55 Meq) and Pml47 (E = 0.06 Meq). Experimental objects were chlorella (C. vulgaris Beijer, strain LARG-1), beans...Vicia faba L., Russian Black sort), wheat (Triticum aestivum, Scala sort) and developing roe (Misquarnus fossilus L.). Synchronized chlorella cells...and meioses were recorded. The yield of point muta- tions in chlorella and of chromosomal aberrations in beans and wheat is ex- perimentally

  5. The Reactome pathway knowledgebase

    OpenAIRE

    Croft, David; Mundo, Antonio Fabregat; Haw, Robin; Milacic, Marija; Weiser, Joel; Wu, Guanming; Caudy, Michael; Garapati, Phani; Gillespie, Marc; Kamdar, Maulik R.; Jassal, Bijay; Jupe, Steven; Matthews, Lisa; May, Bruce; Palatnik, Stanislav

    2013-01-01

    Abstract The Reactome Knowledgebase (https://reactome.org) provides molecular details of signal transduction, transport, DNA replication, metabolism, and other cellular processes as an ordered network of molecular transformations—an extended version of a classic metabolic map, in a single consistent data model. Reactome functions both as an archive of biological processes and as a tool for discovering unexpected functional relationships in data such as gene expression profiles or somatic muta...

  6. Síndrome do X frágil: estudo caso-controle envolvendo pacientes pré e pós-puberais com diagnóstico confirmado por análise molecular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boy Raquel

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome do X frágil é a causa mais comum de retardo mental herdado; entretanto, é subdiagnosticada na população pediátrica. Objetivamos, neste estudo, determinar as características clínicas pré e pós-puberais mais significativas observadas entre indivíduos que apresentam a mutação no gene FMR-1, e que possam ser utilizadas como método de triagem dos pacientes que devem ser submetidos à análise molecular. A partir de protocolo clínico-laboratorial, foram analisados 104 indivíduos (92 do gênero masculino e 12 do feminino portadores de retardo mental idiopático. 17 pacientes (14 do gênero masculino apresentaram a mutação completa. História familiar de retardo mental e contato ocular pobre foram os achados que se mostraram associados, de forma estatisticamente significante (p<0,05, aos pacientes com a síndrome do X frágil em idade pré e pós-puberal. Os pacientes em idade pós-puberal também diferiram dos controles em relação à presença de orelhas grandes, fronte proeminente e macroorquidismo.

  7. Roles of arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 transcription factors in plant responses to abscisic acid and abiotic stress

    OpenAIRE

    Chen Zhixiang; Xiao Yong; Shi Junwei; Lai Zhibing; Chen Han; Xu Xinping

    2010-01-01

    Abstract Background WRKY transcription factors are involved in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY60 transcription factors interact both physically and functionally in plant defense responses. However, their role in plant abiotic stress response has not been directly analyzed. Results We report that the three WRKYs are involved in plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress. Through analysis of single, double, and triple muta...

  8. Renormalization in general theories with inter-generation mixing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kniehl, Bernd A.; Sirlin, Alberto

    2011-11-01

    We derive general and explicit expressions for the unrenormalized and renormalized dressed propagators of fermions in parity-nonconserving theories with inter-generation mixing. The mass eigenvalues, the corresponding mass counterterms, and the effect of inter-generation mixing on their determination are discussed. Invoking the Aoki-Hioki-Kawabe-Konuma-Muta renormalization conditions and employing a number of very useful relations from Matrix Algebra, we show explicitly that the renormalized dressed propagators satisfy important physical properties. (orig.)

  9. Prevention of Organ Injury in Exertional Heat Stroke: Preclinical Evaluation of a New Class of NSAIDs

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-10-01

    Differential susceptibility to obesity between male, female and ovariectomized female mice. Nutr J 8: 11, 2009. 4. Kaiyala KJ, Ogimoto K, Nelson JT, Muta K...Beukel et al., FASEB J, 2014 High insulin levels tied to obesity pathway UT Southwestern Medical Center, ScienceDaily, 2014 ADA Key Takeaway: Use of...Dalal, Infect Immun, 1994 Whole-body heat stress lowers exercise capacity, blood flow in men American Physiological Society (APS), ScienceDaily, 2017 Oral

  10. Oxidative stress and the effect of parasites on a carotenoid-based ornament.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mougeot, F; Martínez-Padilla, J; Blount, J D; Pérez-Rodríguez, L; Webster, L M I; Piertney, S B

    2010-02-01

    Oxidative stress, the physiological condition whereby the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species overwhelms the capacity of antioxidant defences, causes damage to key bio-molecules. It has been implicated in many diseases, and is proposed as a reliable currency in the trade-off between individual health and ornamentation. Whether oxidative stress mediates the expression of carotenoid-based signals, which are among the commonest signals of many birds, fish and reptiles, remains controversial. In the present study, we explored interactions between parasites, oxidative stress and the carotenoid-based ornamentation of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. We tested whether removing nematode parasites influenced both oxidative balance (levels of oxidative damage and circulating antioxidant defences) and carotenoid-based ornamentation. At the treatment group level, parasite purging enhanced the size and colouration of ornaments but did not significantly affect circulating carotenoids, antioxidant defences or oxidative damage. However, relative changes in these traits among individuals indicated that males with a greater number of parasites prior to treatment (parasite purging) showed a greater increase in the levels of circulating carotenoids and antioxidants, and a greater decrease in oxidative damage, than those with initially fewer parasites. At the individual level, a greater increase in carotenoid pigmentation was associated with a greater reduction in oxidative damage. Therefore, an individual's ability to express a carotenoid-based ornament appeared to be linked to its current oxidative balance and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our experimental results suggest that oxidative stress can mediate the impact of parasites on carotenoid-based signals, and we discuss possible mechanisms linking carotenoid-based ornaments to oxidative stress.

  11. Mutações da cidadania: da comunidade ao estado liberal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Cademartori

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a evolução do conceitode cidadania, examinando o instituto em seu desenvolvimentohistórico, desde suas origens na culturapolítica clássica até os dias de hoje, quando omesmo é enfocado em seu aspecto formal, a partirdas postulações da teoria do Direito. Da mesmaforma, analisa as discussões travadas entre algunsestudiosos do tema na contemporaneidade, paraconcluir pela constatação de que a cidadania constitui,hoje, um instituto complexo, correspondentea um conceito plurissignificativo, abrangendo asdimensões formal e substancial.This article approaches the evolutionof the concept of citizenship, examining theinstitute across its historical development, fromits origins at the classic political culture up thepresent days, when it is approached in its formalprofile, since the postulations of law theory.Also the article analyzes the discussionsestablished between scholars on the theme onpresent time, to conclude verifying that thecitizenship is today a complex institute, whitseveral significations, including formal andsubstantive dimensions.

  12. O fundamentalismo islâmico em mutação

    OpenAIRE

    Goulão, José

    2001-01-01

    Estará o fundamentalismo islâmico a perder capacidade de intervenção? As suas expressões mais conhecidas, a nível de regimes políticos e de grupos, acusam desgaste; alguns dos seus importantes apoios, que tentaram tirar proveito do fenómeno por razões oportunistas e pontuais, parecem ter identificado parcialmente os riscos de tal política; as respostas graduais de alguns sistemas de poder, inicialmente surpreendidos com a amplitude e a profundidade destes movimentos atípicos, contribuíram par...

  13. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with a mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Coelho-Macias

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Reported for the first time in 1996, aquagenic keratoderma is a rare condition which is characterized by edematous flat-topped papules appearing on palmar skin after water immersion. Multiple anecdotal associations have been described but, recently, the association with cystic fibrosis gene mutations (CFTR has been highlighted.The authors describe an 18-year-old female, with one-month complaints of pruritus and swelling of palmar skin after water immersion. On examination, palmar skin was unremarkable but, 5 min after water immersion, multiple whitish papules became apparent. CFTR genotype study showed a F508del mutation in one allele (nonhomozygous. She had no other symptoms and no relevant family history.Aquagenic keratoderma is probably an under-diagnosed entity that might represent a manifestation of CFTR mutations, making carrier state identification and genetic counseling possible. Resumo: Descrita em 1996, a acroqueratodermia aquagénica é uma entidade rara, caracterizada pelo aparecimento de pápulas edematosas palmares após contacto com água. Múltiplas associações foram enumeradas mas, recentemente, a associação a mutações do gene da fibrose quística foi demonstrada.Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 18 anos, saudável, com prurido e edema palmar após imersão em água. O exame objetivo inicial não mostrava alterações mas, 5 min após imersão em água, observavam-se múltiplas pápulas esbranquiçadas palmares. O estudo do gene da fibrose quística (CFTR revelou uma mutação F508del num dos alelos. A doente negava outras queixas ou história familiar relevante.A acroqueratodermia aquagénica é uma entidade provavelmente subdiagnosticada que poderá constituir uma manifestação de mutações do gene CFTR, o que possibilitaria a identificação de portadores e aconselhamento genético. Keywords: Aquagenic keratoderma, Cystic fibrosis, Genetic counseling, Palavras-chave: Acroqueratodermia aquagénica, Fibrose qu

  14. Apresentação histológica pouco usual de câncer de endométrio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cecília Ferro

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available O câncer do endométrio é, atualmente, o tumor maligno ginecológico mais frequente nos países ocidentais e o pico de incidência da doença ocorre nas 6ª e 7ª décadas de vida. Estima-se que 90% deles manifestam-se com hemorragia uterina anormal pós-menopausa. A determinação do seus subtipo histológico é importante para terapêutica e prognóstico dessas pacientes. Os carcinomas endometriais do tipo I (estrogênios-dependentes, ou, endometrioides correspondem a aproximadamente 80% dos casos. A alteração genética mais frequente nesses casos é a inativação por mutação do gene PTEN, seguido de instabilidade de microssatélites e mutações de K-ras e β-catenina. Esses eventos iniciais ocorrem num subconjunto com a hiperplasia endometrial atípica. Os tumores do tipo II (não-endometrioides, representam aproximadamente 10% dos casos, sendo a maioria de subtipo seroso, menos frequentemente de células claras e raramente misto. A mutação p53 é a alteração genética mais frequente. O subtipo seroso está relacionado também à inativação do p16 e e-caderina, e amplificação de HER2/neu. Estudos recentes demonstram que alguns carcinomas de tipo II provavelmente surgem de carcinomas endometrioides pré-existentes, exibindo características mistas nos níveis clínicos, patológicos e moleculares. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo relata um caso de carcinoma endometrial atípico em pós-menopausa tardia, de subtipo histológico não-endometrioide misto (seroso e de células claras. Uma neoplasia rara e de alto grau histológico que apresentou comprometimento extrauterino mesmo sem infiltração do miométrio. O estudo imuno-histoquímico foi fundamental para esse diagnóstico, revelando a expressão de p16 e p53 em algumas áreas e outras com imuno-expressão para citoceratina, PAX8, p53 e napsina.

  15. Detection and Identification of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Yersinia pestis Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

    Science.gov (United States)

    2003-07-01

    analysis in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers . Hum. Mutat. 14:333– 339. 2. Bauer, A. W., W. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris, and M. Turck. 1966. Antibiotic...Listeria monocytogenes lineage group classification by MAMA -PCR of the listeriolysin gene. Curr. Microbiol. 43:129–133. 17. Klein, B., G. Weirich...Germline and somatic mutation anal- yses in the DNA mismatch repair gene MLH3: evidence for somatic muta- tion in colorectal cancers . Hum. Mutat. 17:389–396

  16. Development of a Toxin Knowledge System

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-11-12

    BY HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ( HPLC )- (1098) Blanc P, Hogan M, Malin K, Hryhorczuk D, HeslS, NOTE TECHNIQUE: IDENTIFICATION ET DOSAGE DE LA...MUTAGENICTIY OF GILTS, J ANIM SCI 65:1576-1584, 1937 AFLATOXIN BI: 1N VITRO EFFECT OF PLANT FLAVONOIDS , - (513) Fonda ES, Rampstk GB, Kraeling RR, H-art MA... FLAVONOIDS , (1987) Friedman L, Yin LW: INFLUENCE OF MUTA T RES 222.393-401, 1989 HYPOPHYSECTOMY (H) ON THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF (651) Francis MD, Horn

  17. Adaptive Divergence in Experimental Populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens. IV. Genetic Constraints Guide Evolutionary Trajectories in a Parallel Adaptive Radiation

    OpenAIRE

    McDonald, Michael J.; Gehrig, Stefanie M.; Meintjes, Peter L.; Zhang, Xue-Xian; Rainey, Paul B.

    2009-01-01

    The capacity for phenotypic evolution is dependent upon complex webs of functional interactions that connect genotype and phenotype. Wrinkly spreader (WS) genotypes arise repeatedly during the course of a model Pseudomonas adaptive radiation. Previous work showed that the evolution of WS variation was explained in part by spontaneous mutations in wspF, a component of the Wsp-signaling module, but also drew attention to the existence of unknown mutational causes. Here, we identify two new muta...

  18. Curvas de mutación en el estudio del papel de los diferentes tipos de reparación en el mantenimiento de la información en Drosophila

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P. Grigoriu De Buendía

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available La producción de mutaciones que es responsable de enfermedades hereditarias y cáncer ha sidorelacionada con la actuación de los mecanismos postreplicativos de reparación. La síntesistranslesion y la recombinación no homologa han sido postulados como responsables de muta-ciones desde 1975 (Witkin. En el estudio de la síntesis translesión se han hecho avances impor-tantes en varias especies últimamente.

  19. O papel das instituições sociais ante o desafio de inovar os processos de gestão territorial: uma análise comparativa entre o Grande ABC Paulista e os municípios do Eixo Dutra.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wiliam Retamiro

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetiva debater o papel das instituições sociais universais como ferramenta essencial para transformar uma sociedade por meio de uma nova visão econômica. Desenvolvido por uma metodologia bibliográfica e documental, este artigo tece uma análise de como as instituições sociais, sendo o Estado, a economia e universidade podem interferir na realidade socioeconômica de um território, outrora imutável quanto a sua realidade para uma nova perspectiva de mutação promissora. Dialoga-se acerca do desenvolvimento por intermédio da libertação intelectual promovida pelo acesso ao conhecimento. Verifica-se então, que as instituições sociais universais atuam aquém desta perspectiva. Utilizando da comparação entre as regiões do Grande ABC e do Eixo Dutra, questiona-se, então, a possibilidade do indivíduo se conscientizar de sua condição atual, com uma visão crítica acerca de uma situação desfavorável para a possibilidade de mutação por meio do entendimento com a elucidação do entender econômico, proporcionando a inovação de projetos de governança territorial.

  20. Physiological stress mediates the honesty of social signals.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gary R Bortolotti

    Full Text Available Extravagant ornaments used as social signals evolved to advertise their bearers' quality. The Immunocompetence Handicap Hypothesis proposes that testosterone-dependent ornaments reliably signal health and parasite resistance; however, empirical studies have shown mixed support. Alternatively, immune function and parasite resistance may be indirectly or directly related to glucocorticoid stress hormones. We propose that an understanding of the interplay between the individual and its environment, particularly how they cope with stressors, is crucial for understanding the honesty of social signals.We analyzed corticosterone deposited in growing feathers as an integrated measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in a wild territorial bird, the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. We manipulated two key, interrelated components, parasites and testosterone, which influence both ornamentation and fitness. Birds were initially purged of parasites, and later challenged with parasites or not, while at the same time being given testosterone or control implants, using a factorial experimental design. At the treatment level, testosterone enhanced ornamentation, while parasites reduced it, but only in males not implanted with testosterone. Among individuals, the degree to which both parasites and testosterone had an effect was strongly dependent on the amount of corticosterone in the feather grown during the experiment. The more stressors birds had experienced (i.e., higher corticosterone, the more parasites developed, and the less testosterone enhanced ornamentation.With this unique focus on the individual, and a novel, integrative, measure of response to stressors, we show that ornamentation is ultimately a product of the cumulative physiological response to environmental challenges. These findings lead toward a more realistic concept of honesty in signaling as well as a broader discussion of the concept of stress.

  1. Bone lead levels and lead isotope ratios in red grouse from Scottish and Yorkshire moors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thomas, Vernon G., E-mail: vthomas@uoguelph.ca [Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 (Canada); Scheuhammer, Anton M.; Bond, Della E. [Metals Toxicology Laboratory, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3 (Canada)

    2009-05-15

    Leg and foot bones of adult and juvenile red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) were collected from hunter-shot birds on two Scottish estates (Glendye and Invermark) and one Yorkshire estate in September, 2003. The lead content of bones was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and corresponding stable lead isotopes (Pb204, 206, 207, 208) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At the Glendye (N = 111) and Invermark (N = 85) estates, relatively few birds (5.4% and 3.5%, respectively) had highly elevated bone lead concentrations (> 20 mug/g dry weight). In bones of these highly exposed birds, a combination of Pb206:Pb207 and Pb208:Pb207ratios was consistent with ingestion of lead gunshot available in Europe. By contrast, Yorkshire grouse experienced a high incidence (65.8%) of bone lead > 20 mug/g. The Pb206:Pb207 and Pb208:Pb207ratios in bones of these highly exposed birds were consistent with a combined exposure to ingested lead gunshot and lead from galena mining in the region. Lead isotope ratios also indicated that lead from UK gasoline combustion and fallout from atmospheric particles was not a likely source of elevated lead in bones of either Scottish or Yorkshire grouse. Suggested management options for the three moors include adopting nontoxic shot for all game shooting on the estates, allowing heather (Calluna vulgaris) vegetation to grow tall in lead shot fall-out zones to reduce physical access to high densities of lead shot already present, and provision of calcareous grit across moors to reduce lead assimilation from all ingested sources of lead.

  2. Bone lead levels and lead isotope ratios in red grouse from Scottish and Yorkshire moors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomas, Vernon G.; Scheuhammer, Anton M.; Bond, Della E.

    2009-01-01

    Leg and foot bones of adult and juvenile red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) were collected from hunter-shot birds on two Scottish estates (Glendye and Invermark) and one Yorkshire estate in September, 2003. The lead content of bones was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and corresponding stable lead isotopes (Pb204, 206, 207, 208) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At the Glendye (N = 111) and Invermark (N = 85) estates, relatively few birds (5.4% and 3.5%, respectively) had highly elevated bone lead concentrations (> 20 mug/g dry weight). In bones of these highly exposed birds, a combination of Pb206:Pb207 and Pb208:Pb207ratios was consistent with ingestion of lead gunshot available in Europe. By contrast, Yorkshire grouse experienced a high incidence (65.8%) of bone lead > 20 mug/g. The Pb206:Pb207 and Pb208:Pb207ratios in bones of these highly exposed birds were consistent with a combined exposure to ingested lead gunshot and lead from galena mining in the region. Lead isotope ratios also indicated that lead from UK gasoline combustion and fallout from atmospheric particles was not a likely source of elevated lead in bones of either Scottish or Yorkshire grouse. Suggested management options for the three moors include adopting nontoxic shot for all game shooting on the estates, allowing heather (Calluna vulgaris) vegetation to grow tall in lead shot fall-out zones to reduce physical access to high densities of lead shot already present, and provision of calcareous grit across moors to reduce lead assimilation from all ingested sources of lead.

  3. INDEPENDÊNCIA OU MORTE: A APOPTOSE COMO MECANISMO DE DEFESA

    OpenAIRE

    Gasques, Luciano Seraphim; Galvanini, Paulo Alexandre; Favaretto, Fernando; Santana, Tamara Francislaine; Pamphile, João Alencar

    2015-01-01

    Nas relações desarmônicas, os hospedeiros tendem a selecionar mutações que conferem resistência aos patógenos, enquanto estes selecionam as que neutralizam a resistência. Dessa forma, o processo evolutivo desencadeia nos mais diversificados mecanismos de defesa, entre eles, um mecanismo pouco explorado, à apoptose. Esta revisão teve como objetivo verificar os principais sistemas biológicos que apresentam a apoptose como mecanismo de defesa. Entre os principais sistemas estudados neste trabalh...

  4. Antingens for a Vaccine that Prevents Severe Malaria

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-03-01

    3,210,682 220,620 sum 6,076,570 4,845,314 Table 3: Number of sequencing reads for uninfected blood and blood with cultured parasites o determine if the...Trends Parasitol, 22(3):99-101 2. Kappe SHI, Duffy PE. 2006. Malaria liver stage culture : in Hyg, 74(5):706-7 3. Duffy PE, Muta 367(9528):2037-9. 4...classified as the short (S) allele. SNPs that flanked the dinucleotide repeat region and that varied in frequency between Caucasian and Yoruba

  5. Bujutsu, Budô, esporte de luta Bujutsu, Budô, fight sport

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos José Martins

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como se deu o processo de reconfiguração de uma das artes marciais japonesas mais conhecidas - o karate -, traçando sua história no contexto das mutações ocorridas na história do Japão.The objective of this paper is to analyze the reconfigurations process of a Japanese martial art - the Karate -, tracing its history in the context of the mutations in the Japanese history.

  6. Moment-to-moment changes in feeling moved match changes in closeness, tears, goosebumps, and warmth: time series analyses

    OpenAIRE

    Schubert, T. W.; Zickfeld, J. H.; Seibt, C.; Fiske, A. P.

    2018-01-01

    WOS:000424988300015 (Nº de Acesso Web of Science) Feeling moved or touched can be accompanied by tears, goosebumps, and sensations of warmth in the centre of the chest. The experience has been described frequently, but psychological science knows little about it. We propose that labelling one’s feeling as being moved or touched is a component of a social-relational emotion that we term kama muta (its Sanskrit label). We hypothesise that it is caused by appraising an intensification of comm...

  7. Síndrome de Lujan-Fryns: recorrência familiar na mesma geração = Lujan-Fryns Syndrome: familial recurrence in the same generation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos, Emerson Santana

    2011-01-01

    Conclusões: os pacientes apresentam aspecto marfanóide e retardo mental compatível com herança ligada ao X. Apesar de ainda não ter sido realizada a pesquisa da mutação no gene MED 12, o diagnóstico clínico de Síndrome de Lujan-Fryns está respaldado pela literatura. Não existe tratamento específico e os pacientes requerem educação especial e acompanhamento psicológico

  8. DINÂMICAS SÓCIO-ESPACIAIS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DA GRNADE VITÓRIA-ES

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Lucy Oliveira Freire

    2007-01-01

    O processo de urbanização brasileira revela que são muitas as mudanças, as quais resultam em uma nova configuração sócio-espacial, desta vez, atendendo diferentes interesses e novos agentes que vislumbram a inserção na economia globalizada. No âmbito das novas tendências e mutações, verifica-se uma metropolização que acirra exclusão social, provoca uma maior mobilidade sócio-espacial seletiva, ...

  9. Prevalência dos fatores trombofílicos em mulheres com infertilidade Prevalence of thrombophilic factors in infertile women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana de Góes e Silva Soligo

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência dos fatores trombofílicos em mulheres inférteis. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal, no qual foram admitidas mulheres inférteis atendidas em clínica privada e submetidas à investigação de trombofilia, conforme protocolo da referida clínica, no período de março de 2003 a março de 2005, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP. Foram incluídas mulheres com história de infertilidade, definida como um ano de coito desprotegido sem concepção. Foram excluídas mulheres com hepatopatia e dados incompletos em prontuário, obtendo-se uma amostra de 144 mulheres. Os fatores trombofílicos avaliados foram: o anticorpo anticardiolipina (ACL, o anticoagulante lúpico (ACGL, a deficiência de proteína C (DPC, a deficiência de proteína S (DPS, a deficiência de antitrombina III (DAT, a presença do fator V de Leiden, uma mutação no gene da protrombina e a mutação do metileno tetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR. Resultados: os valores de prevalência obtidos para ACL e ACGL foram de 2%. A prevalência dos fatores trombofílicos hereditários foram: DPC=4%, DPS=6%, DAT=5%, fator V de Leiden=3%, mutação da protrombina=3% e mutação MTHFR=57%. CONCLUSÕES: das 144 pacientes selecionadas, 105 mulheres, ou seja, 72,9% apresentavam pelo menos um fator trombofílico presente. Isto reforça a importância e justifica a necessidade da investigação destes fatores neste grupo de mulheres.PURPOSE: to establish the prevalence of thrombophilic factors in infertile women. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was performed, in which infertile women, seen in a private clinic with investigation for thrombophilia were included, according to the protocol of the clinic, between March 2003 and March 2005, after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP. One hundred and forty-four infertile women without any liver

  10. Immunogenicity of Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae venom and its evaluation by immunoenzymatic methods Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo A. Sandoval

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available The immunogenicity of Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, venom was studied using ELISA and Western Blot methods, as well as cross-reactivity patterns against venoms of Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta and Crotalus durissus. For this purpose, New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg aprox were immunized with four 500 μg doses of B. atrox venom in a period of 90 days. Antibody production was followed using ELISA technique, and title of hiper-immune serum was determined at the end of immunization protocol. Additionally, electrophoretic patterns of venoms were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and venom reactivity against obtained serum by ELISA and Western Blot. Immunization schedule allowed a pronounced antibody production since day 20 of protocol. At the end of process, serum title was 256000, which demonstrated both efficacy and usefulness of the developed procedure. On the other hand, studied venoms showed a heterogenic protein composition according to their electrophoretic patterns, whereas cross-reactivity values of 23,7%, 4,0% and 1,8% were obtained between B. atrox venom and B. brazili, L. muta and C. durissus venoms, respectively, using immunoenzymatic methods. According to our results, this procedure constitutes an initial step for further assays directed to optimization in immunoserum production for envenoming treatment and development of kits for diagnosis and species identification of snakes.Se estudió la inmunogenicidad del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, utilizando los métodos inmunoenzimáticos de ELISA y Western Blot, así como los patrones de reactividad cruzada empleando los venenos de las serpientes Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta y Crotalus durissus. Para este fin se inmunizaron conejos albinos Nueva Zelanda (2 kg aprox con cuatro dosis de 500 μg del veneno de B. atrox en un periodo de 90 días. La producción de anticuerpos fue monitoreada mediante la técnica de ELISA, determinándose el título del suero hiperinmune obtenido

  11. Sociabilidades midiáticas: flexibilidade, mutação e pluralidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erotilde Honório Silva

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Um dos elementos mais importantes na construção das sociabilidades contemporâneas é, sem dúvida, a mídia. Cada um dos artefatos culturais que compõe a comunicação mediada tecnologicamente – jornais, televisões, películas, rádios, internet – vai proporcionar interações distintas com diferentes agentes sociais. Esses sujeitos sociais pertencem a contextos históricos e gerações diferenciadas, e vão estabelecer formas particulares de interação com os meios. O ponto central dessa reflexão abarca, pois, as maneiras específicas como os mesmos meios de comunicação interagem de formas diversas com gerações diferentes, bem como de que modo esses meios interagem entre si, construindo uma teia de sociabilidade complexa que nos ajuda a vislumbrar o impacto da mídia na constituição do imaginário social brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Sociabilidade; mídia; geração; imaginário. ABSTRACT One of the most important elements in the construction of con-temporary sociabilities is, no doubt, the media. Each cultural artifact which make up the technologically mediated communication – newspapers, television, movies, radios, internet – will provide distinct interactions with different social agents. These social agents belong to distinct historical contexts and generations and they will establish particular ways of interacting with the media.The main point of this reflection thus encompasses the specific ways by which the same media interact in different ways with different generations. The article also discusses the way in which the different media interact among themselves, building a complex network of sociability which help us to foresee the impact of the media in the construction of the Brazilian social imaginary. Keywords: Sociability; media; generation; imaginary.

  12. Single electrode electrochemical detection in hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane)/glass multichannel micro devices

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moreira, Ney Henrique; Almeida, Andre Luis de Jesus de; Piazzeta, Maria Helena de Oliveira; Gobbia, Angelo Luiz [Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron (LNLS), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Microfabricacao; Jesus, Dosil Pereira de [Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Bioanalitica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP (Brazil); Deblire, Ariane; Silva, Jose Alberto Fracassi da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IQ/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica

    2009-07-01

    The fabrication process of a novel multichannel {mu}TAS based on PDMS and glass materials and with fully-integrated electrodes for amperometric detection has been described. Using the facilities of the Microfabrication Lab. (LMF) at Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), soft-lithography, lift-off and O{sub 2} plasma surface activation sealing techniques were employed for rapid proto typing of cost effective PDMS/glass microchips. Fast calibration procedures were possible for the electro oxidation of hydroquinone, thiocyanate, and acetaminophen using Au and Cu electrodes. (author)

  13. Disruption of each of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 of Candida albicans attenuates virulence.

    OpenAIRE

    Hube, B; Sanglard, D; Odds, F C; Hess, D; Monod, M; Schäfer, W; Brown, A J; Gow, N A

    1997-01-01

    Secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps), encoded by a gene family with at least nine members (SAP1 to SAP9), are one of the most discussed virulence factors produced by the human pathogen Candida albicans. In order to study the role of each Sap isoenzyme in pathogenicity, we have constructed strains which harbor mutations at selected SAP genes. SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3, which are regulated differentially in vitro, were mutated by targeted gene disruption. The growth rates of all homozygous null muta...

  14. Nrdp1-Mediated ErbB3 Increase during Androgen Ablation and its Contribution to Androgen-Independence

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-04-01

    Matar P, Albanell J, Guzman M, Rojo F, Arribas J, et al.: ZD1839, a specifi c epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor...or AR cDNA whose protein product contains a Thr→ Ala muta- tion at the 877 residual position isolated from LNCaP cells (24). pCDNA-HER2 and pCDNA3...Scaltriti M, Verma C, Guzman M, Jimenez J, Parra JL, Pedersen K, Smith DJ, Landolfi S, Ramon y Cajal S, Arribas J, Baselga J. Lapatinib, a HER2 tyrosine

  15. Pendidikan Karakter Menurut K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari Dalam Kitab Adâb Al-‘Âlim Wa Al-Muta‘Allim

    OpenAIRE

    Sholikah, Sholikah

    2015-01-01

    The article deals with K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari's thought of character education. The result of the study indicates that according to K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari the characters of teachers and students in his work Adab al-‘Âlim wa al-Muta'allim can be classified into three parts, are mentality or character, which should be possessed by teachers and learners: attempts to be done in order to become characterized teachers and learners, and: teaching strategies employed by educators and learning strategies us...

  16. Aspectos clínicos e nutricionais da doença de Gaucher: estudo prospectivo de 13 crianças em um único centro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliveira Maria Christina L.A.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: a doença de Gaucher (DG é uma doença de depósito lisossomal, de herança autossômica recessiva, causada por mutações do gene GBA (gene da glucocerebrosidase, localizado no cromossomo 1. O presente estudo foi realizado para identificar as características clínicas, nutricionais, bioquímicas e genéticas dos pacientes com DG acompanhados no serviço de Hematologia Pediátrica do HC-UFMG. Pacientes e métodos: foram acompanhados prospectivamente 13 pacientes, nos quais o diagnóstico de DG foi confirmado através da determinação da atividade enzimática leucocitária da enzima beta-glucocerebrosidase e/ou genótipo. Foram estudados fatores demográficos, nutricionais e bioquímicos obtidos à admissão. O estudo genético foi realizado em 7 pacientes. A mediana de seguimento foi de 5,3 anos. Foram calculados o escore z de peso e estatura na admissão e no final de seguimento. A prevalência padronizada de desnutrição foi calculada pelo método de Mora. Resultados: a mediana de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 5,8 anos. A manifestação clínica predominante ao diagnóstico foi hepatoesplenomegalia, e todos os pacientes foram classificados como tipo clínico 1. Plaquetopenia ao diagnóstico foi observada em oito crianças, e anemia em seis. A mutação genética mais freqüente foi a N370S. No período de seguimento, foi detectado um óbito por septicemia, após esplenectomia. A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 26% à admissão, e de 48% no final do seguimento. Conclusão: a análise da casuística demonstra que predomina em nosso meio a mutação genética N370S e o tipo clínico 1, caracterizando as formas mais brandas da doença. O uso irregular da medicação não permitiu conclusões clínicas sobre a eficácia da reposição enzimática.

  17. Polimorfismo genético da glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase na população da região de Araraquara, Estado de São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosecler Inácia de Paula Ferreira

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available A importância da enzima Glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase (G6PD no metabolismo eritrocitário está na obtenção de energia calórica e redutora para a proteção celular contra agressões oxidativas. A deficiência de G6PD é a eritroenzimopatia que causa mais frequentemente anemia hemolítica, com mais de 130 variantes moleculares identificadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise molecular da deficiência de G6PD em uma população masculina adulta da região de Araraquara, SP, para a identificação das mutações genéticas. Nos 5087 doadores de sangue do sexo masculino pesquisados, foram encontrados 89 deficientes de G6PD, confirmados pela determinação da atividade enzimática e eletroforese em acetato de celulose, com frequência de 1,75%, valores semelhantes aos encontrados por outros pesquisadores no Estado de São Paulo. A análise molecular realizada pela amplificação do DNA genômico com iniciadores específicos e digestão com enzimas de restrição, demonstrou que 96,6% dos deficientes apresentaram a variante G6PD A¯, com as mutações 376(A→G e 202(G→A e atividade enzimática média de 1,31 UI.g de Hb-1.min-1 a 37º C, correspondendo a 10,8% da atividade enzimática da enzima normal G6PD B. Não foram encontradas as formas variantes G6PD A¯ 680(G→T e 968(T→C. Em 3,4% dos indivíduos deficientes, foi encontrada a variante G6PD Mediterrânea, mutação 563(C→T e atividade enzimática média de 0,25 UI.g de Hb-1.min-1 a 37ºC, correspondendo a 2,1% da atividade enzimática da G6PD B. A utilização das técnicas tradicionais, aliadas à identificação da variante molecular, são importantes na compreensão das propriedades estruturais, funcionais e comportamento hemolítico dos glóbulos vermelhos do paciente.

  18. The genetics of amelogenesis imperfecta: a review of the literature Genética da amelogênese imperfeita: uma revisão da literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Leme Godoy dos Santos

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available A melogenesis imperfecta (AI is a group of inherited defects of dental enamel formation that show both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Enamel findings in AI are highly variable, ranging from deficient enamel formation to defects in the mineral and protein content. Enamel formation requires the expression of multiple genes that transcribes matrix proteins and proteinases needed to control the complex process of crystal growth and mineralization. The AI phenotypes depend on the specific gene involved, the location and type of mutation, and the corresponding putative change at the protein level. Different inheritance patterns such as X-linked, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types have been reported. Mutations in the amelogenin, enamelin, and kallikrein-4 genes have been demonstrated to result in different types of AI and a number of other genes critical to enamel formation have been identified and proposed as candidates for AI. The aim of this article was to present an evaluation of the literature regarding role of proteins and proteinases important to enamel formation and mutation associated with AI.A melogênese imperfeita é um grupo de doenças hereditárias que causa defeito na formação esmalte dental e mostra heterogeneidade clínica e genética. O esmalte é afetado com alta variabilidade, desde deficiência na formação do esmalte até defeitos no conteúdo mineral e protéico. A formação do esmalte requer a expressão de múltiplos genes que transcrevem proteínas e proteinases importantes para controlar o complexo processo de crescimento dos cristais e mineralização. O fenótipo da AI depende do gene envolvido, sua localização e tipo de mutação, e a conseqüente alteração na proteína. Diferentes padrões hereditários com ligado ao X, autossômico dominante e autossômico recessivo já foram descritos. Mutações nos genes correspondentes da amelogenina, enamelina, e calicreína-4 demonstraram resultar em

  19. Multilocus DNA fingerprints in gallinaceous birds: general approach and problems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hanotte, O; Bruford, M W; Burke, T

    1992-06-01

    Multilocus profiles were investigated in five different species of Galliformes (ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus, Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus, Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica, domestic chicken Gallus gallus, and red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus) using two human multilocus probes (33.6 and 33.15) in combination with each of four restriction enzymes (AluI, DdeI, HaeIII or HinfI). All the species show a DNA fingerprint-like pattern using at least one restriction enzyme in combination with each multilocus probe. The number of bands detected and the value of the index of similarity for each species differ significantly between the profiles obtained with each multilocus probe. Some enzyme/probe combinations reveal strong cross-hybridization of the multilocus probes with satellite or satellite-like DNA sequences in pheasant, peacock, quail and chicken, which partially or completely prevented scoring of the profile. The choice of restriction enzyme was found to influence the number of bands, the value of the index of similarity and the probability of obtaining an identical fingerprint between unrelated individuals. The Mendelian inheritance and independent segregation of the fragments detected using AluI was investigated in three species (ring-necked pheasant, Indian peafowl and red grouse). Some bands were shown to be tightly linked. An extreme case was encountered in the red grouse, where 12 of the 15 bands scored in one parent represented only two, apparently allelic, haplotypes and so derived from a single locus. However, fingerprint patterns will often be adequate for use in paternity analyses, such as in behavioural studies, despite the occurrence of haplotypic sets of bands. Identical DNA multilocus profiles were sometimes observed between captive-bred siblings in one species. These results emphasize the desirability of determining, in each new species, the optimal experimental conditions as a preliminary to any behavioural or population

  20. Inferring the nature of anthropogenic threats from long-term abundance records.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shoemaker, Kevin T; Akçakaya, H Resit

    2015-02-01

    Diagnosing the processes that threaten species persistence is critical for recovery planning and risk forecasting. Dominant threats are typically inferred by experts on the basis of a patchwork of informal methods. Transparent, quantitative diagnostic tools would contribute much-needed consistency, objectivity, and rigor to the process of diagnosing anthropogenic threats. Long-term census records, available for an increasingly large and diverse set of taxa, may exhibit characteristic signatures of specific threatening processes and thereby provide information for threat diagnosis. We developed a flexible Bayesian framework for diagnosing threats on the basis of long-term census records and diverse ancillary sources of information. We tested this framework with simulated data from artificial populations subjected to varying degrees of exploitation and habitat loss and several real-world abundance time series for which threatening processes are relatively well understood: bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (exploitation) and Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) and Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis) (habitat loss). Our method correctly identified the process driving population decline for over 90% of time series simulated under moderate to severe threat scenarios. Successful identification of threats approached 100% for severe exploitation and habitat loss scenarios. Our method identified threats less successfully when threatening processes were weak and when populations were simultaneously affected by multiple threats. Our method selected the presumed true threat model for all real-world case studies, although results were somewhat ambiguous in the case of the Eurasian Skylark. In the latter case, incorporation of an ancillary source of information (records of land-use change) increased the weight assigned to the presumed true model from 70% to 92%, illustrating the value of the proposed framework in bringing diverse sources of

  1. Anoftalmia bilateral como defeito congênito isolado: uma abordagem etiológica e psicossocial

    OpenAIRE

    Corso,Diego Davi; Bonamigo,Elcio Luiz; Corso,Mário Alberto; Rodrigues,Eduardo Büchele

    2011-01-01

    A anoftalmia é uma condição oftalmológica rara, caracterizada pela ausência de um ou ambos os olhos, de etiologia não elucidada, podendo ser congênita, adquirida ou associada a outras síndromes sistêmicas. Quanto à etiologia, já foram descritas na literatura aberrações cromossômicas, mutações genéticas e fatores ambientais como responsáveis pelo surgimento da anomalia. Não existe consenso sobre a real incidência da anoftalmia, devido à escassez em dados oficiais, principalmente no Brasil. Nes...

  2. Avaliação neuropsicológica de pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne

    OpenAIRE

    Elaine Cristina Zachi

    2009-01-01

    A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é provocada por mutações no gene distrofina. Este gene codifica a proteína distrofina, que exerce papel importante na manutenção da estabilidade da membrana da fibra muscular. Os objetivos do estudo consistiram em examinar o desempenho neuropsicológico de pacientes com DMD e verificar a influência de deleções downstream ao exon 45 sobre o mesmo. Foram avaliados os perfis de inteligência de 63 pacientes com DMD por meio das Escalas Wechsler de Inteligênci...

  3. Remoção de compostos de azoto em lixiviados de aterros sanitários por biodiscos anaeróbios à escala piloto

    OpenAIRE

    Marinheiro, L.; Oliveira, Rosário; Russo, Mário Augusto Tavares

    2000-01-01

    Os lixiviados de aterros sanitarios de residuos sólidos urbanos constituem a fracção do sistema de confinamento de maior dificuldade de tratamento, devido a mutação das suas caracterfsticas com o tempo. Analiticamente caracterizam-se por elevados valores de CQO e CB05 especialmente quando novos, decrescendo acentuadamente com a idade do aterro sanitaria. Valores da CQO ate 40000 mg/L são comuns, assim como 25000 mg/L para a CB05, diminuindo para valores da ordem de grandeza de ...

  4. The Narration of Waiting. Audience, Expectations and Activities during TV Series Programming Breaks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonella Mascio

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Nell’articolo verranno considerati alcuni ambienti online abitati dalle audience di specifiche serie tv. In questi luoghi l’attività muta in modo significativo fra il momento in cui la puntata va in onda e il periodo di tempo in cui si attende la programmazione successiva. Anzi, per molti versi sono spazi che servono proprio per la gestione dell’attesa e per l’organizzazione della visione. Ospitano infatti dichiarazioni sulle aspettative, previsioni, possibili prosecuzioni del racconto seriale e commenti sulle puntate appena viste, nonché discorsi personali.

  5. O papel das instituições sociais ante o desafio de inovar os processos de gestão territorial: uma análise comparativa entre o Grande ABC Paulista e os municípios do Eixo Dutra.

    OpenAIRE

    Wiliam Retamiro

    2015-01-01

    O presente trabalho objetiva debater o papel das instituições sociais universais como ferramenta essencial para transformar uma sociedade por meio de uma nova visão econômica. Desenvolvido por uma metodologia bibliográfica e documental, este artigo tece uma análise de como as instituições sociais, sendo o Estado, a economia e universidade podem interferir na realidade socioeconômica de um território, outrora imutável quanto a sua realidade para uma nova perspectiva de mutação promissora. Dial...

  6. Marketing em moda

    OpenAIRE

    Leães, Sabrina Durgante

    2008-01-01

    Dissertação de mestrado em Design e Marketing O actual estado do Marketing em Moda é uma das questões ainda complexa com que se debate a sociedade global. As questões do Marketing em Moda percorrem alguns aspectos fundamentais tais como as constantes mutações do meio envolvente, a forma de como é percebida e comunicada a identidade das marcas de moda, em busca da melhor forma de segmentar o mercado e definir o seu posicionamento, bem como a reacção ao produto de moda do consumidor final. ...

  7. O EPÍLOGO DA TEORIA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS EM ROBERT ALEXY

    OpenAIRE

    Araújo Silveira, Whenry Hawlysson; Bruno da Silva, Alexandre Antônio

    2014-01-01

    Com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, foram implementados novos conceitos concernentes à Teoria do Direito por consequência de um fenômeno mundialmente conhecido como Neoconstitucionalismo. Uma destas mutações se dá por seu caráter axiológico e diz respeito à teoria dos direitos fundamentais. Robert Alexy inova seu pensamento a afirmar que o conflito entre direitos e garantias fundamentais deve ser resolvido pelo instituto da ponderação e afirma que esse instituto não se trata de um ...

  8. Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva na distrofia muscular de Duchenne: um relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula de Souza Dias Lopes

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available A distrofia muscular de Duchenne é uma doença neuromuscular, hereditária, recessiva, causada por mutações no gene da distrofina. Clinicamente, caracteriza-se por fraqueza muscular progressiva e simétrica. O diagnóstico é feito pela biópsia muscular com imuno-histoquímica e o tratamento tem a finalidade de retardar a progressão da disfunção muscular, já que uma causa frequente de óbito é a insuficiência cardiorrespiratória.

  9. Cartografias da aprendizagem em rede: rastros das dinâmicas comunicacionais do Visualizar 11, Medialab Prado

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Izabel Cristina Goudart da

    2012-01-01

    Nas últimas três décadas, presenciamos um crescente e evolutivo processo de multiplicação, hibridização, produção e disseminação de signos e linguagens propiciados pela digitalização. Novos ambientes cognitivos, comunicacionais e culturais surgem como frutos de uma ecologia midiática e, assim, configuram um ecossistema comunicacional, que ganha importância tal qual o ecossistema verde. Mutações perceptivas e cognitivas, relacionadas ao impacto da tecnologia moderna e das tecnologias digitais,...

  10. Escritas contemporâneas: tecnologias e subjetividades

    OpenAIRE

    Cecilia Palmeiro

    2010-01-01

    Baseado na leitura dos textos escritos por jovens na Argentina do 2000, esse trabalho analisa as condições de possibilidade da literatura contemporânea na era de produção digital da realidade. Atraves do conceito de post-autonomia, essas escritas são pensadas nas suas relações com as politicas da identidade e da diferença, e com as novas formulações escritas do Eu na internet, para refletir na capacidade de intervenção social da literatura, orientada à mutação da subjetividade.

  11. Marketing, segmentação e o sector bancário português

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Nuno Miguel Pereira

    1994-01-01

    O mercado português dos serviços financeiros, e em particular o mercado bancário, tem conhecido profundas alterações nos anos mais recentes. Multiplicaram-se os intervenientes, ampliou-se a natureza dos produtos e dos serviços, apareceram novas tecnologias que modificaram drasticamente a organização e a oferta, constituindo-se deste modo um conjunto de novos dados que obriga a repensar as mentalidades instaladas. Paralelamente, quiçá em consequência da mutação da oferta, assiste-se à transfor...

  12. A reação em cadeia da polimerase na detecção da resistência à penicilina em Streptococcus pneumoniae Polymerase chain reaction used to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to penicillin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Walker Zettler

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O Streptococcus pneumoniae é o mais freqüente agente etiológico de infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade e sua resistência aos antimicrobianos tem aumentado nos últimos anos. A determinação da resistência é feita rotineiramente por método lento que depende do crescimento em cultura e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR detecta os genes responsáveis pela resistência do Streptococcus pneumoniae a penicilina em cerca de 8 horas. OBJETIVO: Comparar a PCR com o método da CIM no diagnóstico da resistência da Streptococcus pneumoniae a penicilina. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 153 amostras de Streptococcus pneumoniae, isoladas de diferentes sítios anatômicos, usando-se para detecção de mutações nos genes que codificam as proteínas ligadoras de penicilina 1a, 2b e 2x, responsáveis pela resistência à penicilina. A ocorrência das mutações foi correlacionada com a CIM de penicilina, determinada pelo teste de difusão em ágar. RESULTADOS: A resistência global à penicilina do Streptococcus pneumoniae foi de 22,8% (16,3% de resistência intermediária e 6,5% de resistência alta. Em proporções estatisticamente significativas, as amostras sensíveis à penicilina não tinham mutações, as intermediárias apenas uma, geralmente na proteína ligadora de penicilina 2x, e as altamente resistentes tinham mutações nas três proteínas investigadas. CONCLUSÃO: A PCR é um método rápido para a detecção da resistência à penicilina do Streptococcus pneumoniae, que poderá vir a ser utilizado na prática clínica.BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common etiologic agent of community-acquired respiratory infections. In recent years, S. pneumoniae resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC is routinely used to determine resistance. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR detects the genes

  13. Análise quantitativa e molecular de hemoglobina fetal em indivíduos da população brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zamaro Paula J. A.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A hemoglobina fetal - Hb F, formada por duas cadeias gama e duas cadeias alfa, é característica do período fetal do desenvolvimento, tendo sua síntese diminuída no período pós-natal. Em algumas alterações hereditárias, a Hb F permanece aumentada, como nas delta-beta talassemia, beta talassemia e persistência hereditária de Hb F (PHHF. A síntese da globina gama também pode ser estimulada por fatores externos como leucemias, transplantes de medula óssea, induções químicas, dentre outros. Através da observação de Hb F aumentada em doadores de sangue por procedimentos eletroforéticos objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de Hb F em amostras de sangue de candidatos à doação, visando estabelecer seus limites de normalidade na população de São José do Rio Preto e região, por meio de desnaturação alcalina e cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC, comparar as metodologias aplicadas e, nos indivíduos com Hb F aumentada, realizar estudos moleculares para identificar as mutações que alteram a expressão dos genes gama. Foram analisadas 208 amostras de sangue, sendo 119 de candidatos à doação e 89 de indivíduos sem sintomas de anemia ou achados hematológicos e com Hb F aumentada como grupo comparativo. Das 119 amostras de candidatos à doação, 110 foram utilizadas para traçar o perfil de normalidade de Hb F, comparando-se as metodologias de desnaturação alcalina e HPLC, onde se obteve a média de 1,48% e de 0,6%, respectivamente. A análise estatística por regressão linear mostrou diferença significativa na comparação entre as duas metodologias aplicadas, sendo a HPLC mais precisa para a quantificação de Hb F. Foram observados nos testes de rastreamento de hemoglobinas anormais nestas 110 amostras de sangue: 16,4% de alfa talassemia, 0,9% com Hb F aumentada, 0,9% com beta talassemia e 0,9% com hemoglobina variante de cadeia delta. Os outros nove doadores de sangue apresentaram Hb F acima de 10% em

  14. Pre- and post-construction studies of conflicts between birds and wind turbines in coastal Norway (BirdWind)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bevanger, K.; Berntsen, F.; Clausen, S.; Dahl, E.L.; Flagstad, Oe.; Follestad, A.; Halley, D.; Hanssen, F.; Hoel, P.L.; Johnsen, L.; Kvaloey, P.; May, R.; Nygaard, T.; Pedersen, H.C.; Reitan, O.; Steinheim, Y.; Vang, R.

    2009-12-15

    The project is named Pre- and post-construction studies of conflicts between birds and wind turbines in coastal Norway (BirdWind). BirdWind is approaching its finalization; with 2010 as the last ordinary year where data-collecting activities takes place. In 2009 the project was significantly strengthened through a new PhD-position. The overall aim of the work conducted by the PhD-student is to model the future white-tailed eagle (WTE) population development based on reproduction and mortality data. Weekly searches with dogs for birds killed within the wind-power plant have been carried out throughout the year; in general searches are conducted every 7 days. 25 'primary turbines' are selected and searched together with one of two dogs. A full search of all turbines is performed at larger intervals. In 2009 31 specimens of at least 8 species have been re-corded. The most frequent victims are willow ptarmigan and WTE with 10 and 7 carcasses, respectively. Of waders 3 common snipes have been recorded. Five carcasses were recorded of hooded crow, and single carcasses of parrot crossbill, northern wheat ear, teal and mallard. Some records from earlier years have been revised as collision victims or not. Also in 2009 censuses for willow ptarmigan have been carried out in spring and autumn on Smoela and Hitra. The preliminary results do not indicate any obvious differences between the two areas, but autumn density in the wind-power plant area seems to be more stable compared to the control area. Interestingly the higher density within the wind-power plant area in autumn is evened out in spring each year, so also in spring 2009. To obtain data on habitat selection, movements, collision risks, survival of eggs, chicks and adults and general population dynamic parameters, willow ptarmigan specimen have been radio-tagged in 2008-2009. The activities regarding breeding waders and small birds (mainly passerines) have this year focused on the EIA-activities on Hitra in

  15. Nutrient digestibility in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus fed diets containing animal meals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Gugołek

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Three digestibility experiments on Arctic foxes were carried out. Control groups were fed standard diets (C1 and C2 composed of fresh or frozen animal by-products and steamed ground grain. Dry experimental diets (E1 and E2 contained animal meals, extracted meals and fat, were mixed with water prior to administration. In a preliminary experiment, the digestibility of dry diet E1 moistened with water for 15min and 24h was compared to determine the optimum moistening time during the experimental period proper. The preliminary experiment showed that moistening time had no significant effect on digestibility. In the main experiment, two independent digestibility trials were performed to compare the digestibility of diets fed to foxes during growth (C1 vs. E1 and fur development (C2 vs. E2. Better nutrient digestibility was noted for control diets, compared to experimental. The greatest differences were reported for total protein digestibility. Protein contained in meals undergoes denaturation during heat treatment, which reduces digestibility. It was found that the retention of nitrogen in relation to nitrogen digestion was higher in foxes fed experimental diets (E1 and E2.

  16. Muskox Milk, Ptarmigan Pie and Other Northern Delicacies (Kids Can Cook): Recipes and Related Activities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Northwest Territories Dept. of Education, Yellowknife.

    This profusely illustrated book of recipes encourages the use of foods in children's learning activities, especially foods that are harvested in the Northwest Territories of Canada and that play a role in health maintenance. The activities described also provide an opportunity for children to experience new foods. Introductory material includes…

  17. Köln's unstable hemoglobin: case report and literature review Hemoglobina instável de Köln: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Pscheidt

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Unstable hemoglobins are a group of genetic variants of hemoglobins caused by the mutation of amino acids into alpha and beta globins and, depending on the points and types of mutation, the result can vary from no clinical symptomatology to severe hemolytic anemia. On the present report, we study the case of a female patient who showed a very exuberant hematological picture for the red series, which suggests hemoglobinic changes; this was confirmed following the conduction of the protocol established by Laboratório Médico Santa Luzia for the study of hemoglobinopathies and which was then sent for a reference laboratory: C.D.A. Naoun Laboratórios de Análises ClínicasAs hemoglobinas instáveis constituem um grupo de variantes genéticas de hemoglobinas causadas pela mutação de aminoácidos nas globinas alfa e beta e, dependendo dos pontos e dos tipos de mutações ocorridos, o resultado pode ser de nenhuma sintomatologia clínica até anemias hemolíticas graves. No presente relato, estudamos o caso de uma paciente que apresentava um quadro hematológico de série vermelha bastante exuberante, sugestivo de alteração hemoglobínica, o que foi confirmado após realização do protocolo estabelecido pelo Laboratório Médico Santa Luzia para estudo de hemoglobinopatias e posteriormente enviado para o laboratório de referência C.D.A. Naoun Laboratórios de Análises Clínicas.

  18. Anomalias oculares e características genéticas na síndrome de Marfan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sallum Juliana Maria Ferraz

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Para se identificar as alterações oculares presentes na síndrome de Marfan, este trabalho apresenta a avaliação oftalmológica de 46 indivíduos portadores desta doença. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com avaliação clínica de 46 pacientes portadores de síndrome de Marfan com avaliação oftalmológica completa. Dezessete pacientes também foram submetidos a exame genético clínico e estudo molecular. Resultados: Dos quarenta e seis pacientes incluídos neste estudo, as seguintes alterações oculares foram encontradas com maior freqüência: subluxação do cristalino (67,3%, hipoplasia de íris (23,9%, descolamento de retina (7,6%, córnea plana (2,2%, megalocórnea (2,2% e miopia ou astigmatismo miópico (34,8%. Cinco pacientes (10,9% apresentaram exame ocular normal em ambos os olhos. Detectou-se uma mutação patogênica distinta das relatadas na literatura em uma paciente, uma mutação de sentido trocado que ocorreu no éxon 28 levando à mudança de aminoácido C1166Y. Conclusões: As alterações oculares da síndrome de Marfan são freqüentes e o conhecimento do gene responsável FBN-1 e de sua expressão no olho auxiliam para o diagnóstico e tratamento destas anomalias.

  19. Influência dos genes candidatos MC1R, ASIP, TYRP1 e kit na pigmentação em ovinos crioulos e predição do efeito dos polimorfismos não sinônimos no gene MC1R humano

    OpenAIRE

    Diego Hepp

    2015-01-01

    A coloração dos animais é uma característica que apresenta uma grande diversidade de fenótipos nas diferentes espécies. Diferentes abordagens podem ser utilizadas para o entendimento da diversidade na coloração existente nas espécies animais. Através da análise de genes candidatos as mutações responsáveis pela variação na coloração têm sido descritas em diferentes espécies, demonstrando o envolvimento de mecanismos moleculares variados na sua regulação. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a utiliz...

  20. Topology optimization of 3D Stokes flow problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gersborg-Hansen, Allan; Sigmund, Ole; Bendsøe, Martin P.

    fluid mechanics. In future practice a muTAS could be used by doctors, engineers etc. as a hand held device with short reaction time that provides on-site analysis of a flowing substance such as blood, polluted water or similar. Borrvall and Petersson [2] paved the road for using the topology...... particular at micro scales since they are easily manufacturable and maintenance free. Here we consider topology optimization of 3D Stokes flow problems which is a reasonable fluid model to use at small scales. The presentation elaborates on effects caused by 3D fluid modelling on the design. Numerical...

  1. Characterization of G-protein coupled receptor kinase interaction with the neurokinin-1 receptor using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jorgensen, Rasmus; Holliday, Nicholas D; Hansen, Jakob L

    2007-01-01

    To analyze the interaction between the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), we performed bioluminescence resonance energy transfer(2) (BRET(2)) measurements between the family A NK-1 receptor and GRK2 and GRK5 as well as their respective kinase-inactive muta......To analyze the interaction between the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), we performed bioluminescence resonance energy transfer(2) (BRET(2)) measurements between the family A NK-1 receptor and GRK2 and GRK5 as well as their respective kinase...

  2. Análise da acetilação de histona 3 e sua relação com proliferação celular e transição epitélio mesênquima em leucoplasias e carcinomas espinocelulares de boca

    OpenAIRE

    Liana Preto Webber

    2015-01-01

    O desenvolvimento e a progressão do câncer bucal envolvem processos complexos de múltiplas etapas levando a modificações fenotípicas nas células epiteliais, aumento da proliferação e invasão dos tecidos subjacentes. Diversos fatores vem sendo associados à carcinogênese, dentre eles os mecanismos epigenéticos como a acetilação de histonas, que promovem mudanças na expressão de genes independente de mutações. O objetivo do presente estudo observacional transversal foi analisar a relação entre a...

  3. Integrated Microfluidic Sensor System with Magnetostrictive Resonators

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Cai; Kosel, Jü rgen; Gooneratne, Chinthaka

    2011-01-01

    The present embodiments describe a method that integrates a magnetostrictive sensor with driving and detecting elements into a microfluidic chip to detect a chemical, biochemical or biomedical species. These embodiments may also measure the properties of a fluid such as viscosity, pH values. The whole system can be referred to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis-systems (.mu.TAS). In particular, this present embodiments include three units, including a microfluidics unit, a magnetostrictive sensor, and driving/detecting elements. An analyzer may also be provided to analyze an electrical signal associated with a feature of a target specimen.

  4. Universidade das Forças Armadas e Ensino Superior Militar

    OpenAIRE

    Fraga, Luís Alves de

    2003-01-01

    Faz-se uma breve resenha histórica da evolução do sistema de ensino e preparação dos oficiais das Forças Armadas, explicando-se o sistema de socialização militar. Depois, aborda-se a relação entre os conhecimentos que as Academias Militares foram proporcionando aos futuros oficiais e a evolução tecnológica dos armamentos e dá-se a necessária panorâmica para se perceber como as mutações da Revolução Industrial não tiveram um claro reflexo...

  5. Síndrome de Noonan. Reavaliação clínica e estudo molecular de 16 casos

    OpenAIRE

    B. Sousa, Sérgio; Venâncio, Margarida; Gabriel, Helena; Ramos, Lina; Santos, Isabel; Beck, Sebastian; Jorge, Marta; Simão, Luisa; Tavares, Purificação; M. Saraiva, Jorge

    2014-01-01

    ResumoO Síndrome de Noonan (SN, MIM#163950) é uma patologia do desenvolvimento caracterizada por dismorfia facial típica, baixa estatura e cardiopatia congénita. Tem uma frequência estimada de 1:1000-2500 nascimentos e transmissão autossómica dominante, com neomutações frequentes. Em 30-60% dos casos é possível identificar uma mutação no gene PTPN11.Foram reavaliados clínica, laboratorial e cognitivamente 16 indivíduos com a hipótese diagnóstica de SN, incluindo o estudo molecular do gene PTP...

  6. Carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes histológicas associados à tireoidite de Hashimoto

    OpenAIRE

    Neves Júnior, Murilo Pedreira; Camandaroba, Marcos Pedro Guedes; Almeida, Marco Antônio Cardoso de; Miranda, Julia Souto

    2009-01-01

    p. 389-393 INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A associação entre o carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes e a tireoidite de Hashimoto (TH) é bastante questionada no meio científico, pois compartilham diversos aspectos morfológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e biomoleculares. Os tumores da tireoide representam mais de 90% de todos os cânceres endócrinos e são caracterizados por alterações genéticas, entre as quais envolvem RET (rearranjos) e BRAS, RAS, P53 (mutações). Já a TH é uma doença autoimun...

  7. Thyroid papillary carcinoma and histologic variants linked to Hashimoto disease

    OpenAIRE

    Neves Junior, Murilo Pedreira; Camandaroba, Marcos Pedro Guedes; Almeida, Marco Antônio Cardoso de; Miranda, Julia Souto

    2009-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A associação entre o carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes e a tireoidite de Hashimoto (TH) é bastante questionada no meio científico, pois compartilham diversos aspectos morfológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e biomoleculares. Os tumores da tireoide representam mais de 90% de todos os cânceres endócrinos e são caracterizados por alterações genéticas, entre as quais envolvem RET (rearranjos) e BRAS, RAS, P53 (mutações). Já a TH é uma doença autoimune, caracteriza...

  8. Carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes histológicas associados à tireoidite de Hashimoto

    OpenAIRE

    Neves Junior,Murilo Pedreira; Camandaroba,Marcos Pedro Guedes; Almeida,Marco Antônio Cardoso de; Miranda,Julia Souto

    2009-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A associação entre o carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes e a tireoidite de Hashimoto (TH) é bastante questionada no meio científico, pois compartilham diversos aspectos morfológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e biomoleculares. Os tumores da tireoide representam mais de 90% de todos os cânceres endócrinos e são caracterizados por alterações genéticas, entre as quais envolvem RET (rearranjos) e BRAS, RAS, P53 (mutações). Já a TH é uma doença autoimune, caracteriza...

  9. Anestesia em paciente com síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: relato de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, Carlos Rogério Degrandi; Elias, Luciana

    2005-01-01

    JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi (SRT) é uma doença genética causada por uma mutação ou apagamento do cromossomo 16, caracterizada por retardo físico e mental, anormalidades craniofaciais e hálux e polegares largos. Há pouca informação sobre esta síndrome na literatura anestésica. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar a conduta anestésica em paciente submetido à cirurgia odontológica e discutir as características de interesse para a anestesia nesses pacientes. RELATO...

  10. Caracterização patológica e gênica (gene P53) dos tumores mamários em cadelas.

    OpenAIRE

    Daniela Maria Bastos de Souza

    2006-01-01

    Os tumores mamários em cadelas tem alta incidência e malignidade sendo provocados por vários fatores de risco incluindo idade, atividade hormonal, nutrição, vírus, pseudogestação e administração de progestágenos exógenos. O gene p53, conhecido como um gene supressor de tumor, tem apresentado mutações relacionadas com neoplasias. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi caracterizar os tumores mamários em cadelas, avaliar o comprometimento da mama lateral ao tumor e o envolvimento de fatores de risco...

  11. Integrated Microfluidic Sensor System with Magnetostrictive Resonators

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Cai

    2011-12-08

    The present embodiments describe a method that integrates a magnetostrictive sensor with driving and detecting elements into a microfluidic chip to detect a chemical, biochemical or biomedical species. These embodiments may also measure the properties of a fluid such as viscosity, pH values. The whole system can be referred to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis-systems (.mu.TAS). In particular, this present embodiments include three units, including a microfluidics unit, a magnetostrictive sensor, and driving/detecting elements. An analyzer may also be provided to analyze an electrical signal associated with a feature of a target specimen.

  12. Escritas contemporâneas: tecnologias e subjetividades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia Palmeiro

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Baseado na leitura dos textos escritos por jovens na Argentina do 2000, esse trabalho analisa as condições de possibilidade da literatura contemporânea na era de produção digital da realidade. Atraves do conceito de post-autonomia, essas escritas são pensadas nas suas relações com as politicas da identidade e da diferença, e com as novas formulações escritas do Eu na internet, para refletir na capacidade de intervenção social da literatura, orientada à mutação da subjetividade.

  13. Os desafios dos média sociais na comunicação organizacional : a emergência do Facebook como ferramenta de comunicação

    OpenAIRE

    Neto, Ivo Emanuel Campos Machado

    2011-01-01

    Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Publicidade e Relações Públicas) As novas tecnologias de informação desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas, e fortemente influenciadas pela internet, são portadoras de uma grande potencialidade, contribuindo fortemente para a constante mutação da nossa sociedade. Desde o início da década de 1980, Toffler e Castells foram dois dos autores que anunciaram que as transformações em curso estão a levar ...

  14. Cooperação internacional para promoção dos direitos humanos

    OpenAIRE

    Joslin, Érica Barbosa

    2010-01-01

    A organização da vida em sociedade se deu diante da necessidade e do ideal do bem comum. As falhas e os erros do passado conduziram ao desenvolvimento de novas teorias acerca do Estado, até que assumisse a forma do Estado Democrático de Direito. Ocorre que a mutação, inerente à sociedade e ao próprio Estado, conduziu a uma nova realidade e hoje temos um novo modelo de Estado, o Estado Constitucional Cooperativo, que sem perder as características constitucionais se vê cada vez mais ligado ao D...

  15. Miocardiopatia hipertrófica não sarcomérica : casos clínicos

    OpenAIRE

    Azevedo, Pedro Miguel Cacais Rua

    2017-01-01

    Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017 A miocardiopatia hipertrófica é uma patologia em que há hipertrofia miocárdica não causada por patologia hipertensiva, valvular ou outras situações que decorrem com aumento de pós-carga. A miocardiopatia hipertrófica não sarcomérica, tratada neste trabalho, não é causada por mutações em proteínas do sarcómero. Uma das causas da miocardiopatia hipertrófica é a doença de Fabry, d...

  16. Efecto de la combinación de clorhexidina y fluoruro de sodio sobre Streptococcus mutans en preescolares con manchas blancas.

    OpenAIRE

    Ayala, Grascely; Álvarez, María; Nuñez, Miguel

    2016-01-01

    Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la combinación de los barnices diacetato de clorhexidina 1 % y fluoruro de sodio 5 % sobre Streptococcus mutans en saliva de niños de 3 a 5 años con manchas blancas. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 45 niños, divididos en 3 grupos: combinación clorhexidina 1 % y fluoruro de sodio 5 % (n=15), fluoruro de sodio 5 % (n=15) y placebo (n=15). Después de 8 semanas se evaluó microbiológicamente. Resultados: Todos los grupos redujeron significativamente los S. muta...

  17. Goniotalamina : atividade antitumoral e anti-inflamatória

    OpenAIRE

    Débora Barbosa Vendramini Costa

    2012-01-01

    Resumo: A carcinogênese é um processo longo, multi-etapas, onde células normais progressivamente adquirem um fenótipo neoplásico. Sua origem é favorecida por fatores genéticos, exposição à carcinógenos químicos, infecções crônicas e incorporação de mutações em genes envolvidos com a regulação da homeostase celular. O crescente entendimento da biologia tumoral tem fornecido alvos moleculares para a triagem orientada de quimioterápicos e de agentes quimiopreventivos, geralmente de origem natura...

  18. Molecular evolution of the leptin exon 3 in some species of the family Canidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Switonski Marek

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The structure of the leptin gene seems to be well conserved. The polymorphism of this gene in four species belonging to the Canidae family (the dog (Canis familiaris – 16 different breeds, the Chinese racoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes and the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus were studied with the use of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques. For exon 2, all species presented the same SSCP pattern, while in exon 3 some differences were found. DNA sequencing of exon 3 revealed the presence of six nucleotide substitutions, differentiating the studied species. Three of them cause amino acid substitutions as well. For all dog breeds studied, SSCP patterns were identical.

  19. Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae present in the flowers of the balsa wood Ochroma lagopus Swartz, 1788 = Abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apidae associadas às flores do pau-de-balsa Ochroma lagopus Swartz, 1788

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Regina Guimarães Brighenti

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available The flower of balsa wood holds about 10 to 15 mL of nectar, which helps attracting pollinating agents, since the genus Ochroma is incapable of self-fertilization. However, a high mortality of bees is observed in these flowers. The present study investigated the frequency and constancy of mortality of the individuals of the familyApidae that fed on nectar from the balsa wood. Data was gathered from June to August 2008, in Lavras – Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In addition, the survival of the Africanized bees that fed on the nectar of this flower was compared to those that fed on 50% aqueous solution of honey. Forty flowers were analyzed, and 949 individuals of the orders Hymenoptera (98.1%, Hemiptera (0.95%, Coleoptera (0.74% and Diptera (0.21% were collected. Most Hymenoptera individuals were bees of the genera Partamona and Trigona (677 individuals, which were considered of constant occurrence. Flowers producing up to 16.7 nectar mL were found. The nectar diet contained 16.44% of total sugar, and resulted in low survival of the bees in laboratory (31.32 . 2.37 hours, compared to a diet of 50% aqueous solution of honey (112.32 .2.03 hours.A flor do pau-de-balsa produz cerca de 10 a 15 mL de néctar, útil na atração de polinizadores, uma vez que o gênero Ochroma é incapaz de fazer autofecundação. É observada intensa mortalidade de abelhas em suas flores. Objetivou-se realizar o levantamento da frequência e constância de mortalidade de indivíduos da família Apidae, sendo os dados levantados no período de junho a agosto de 2008 em Lavras, MinasGerais, Brasil. Além disso, avaliou-se a sobrevivência de abelhas africanizadas alimentadas com o néctar desta flor quando comparados com aquelas alimentadas com solução aquosa de mel a 50%. Foram analisadas 40 flores e coletados 949 indivíduos das Ordens: Hymenoptera (98,1%, Hemiptera (0,95%, Coleoptera (0,74% e Diptera (0,21%. Dentre os himenópteros os mais frequentes foram dos gêneros Partamona e Trigona com 677 indivíduos, sendo estes considerados de incidência constante. Observaram-se flores com até 16,7 mL de néctar. O néctar apresentou 16,44% de açúcares totais e baixa sobrevivência das abelhas em laboratório (31,32 . 2,37h quando comparadas com a dieta à base de mel (112,32 . 2,03h.

  20. KONSEP GURU PERSPEKTIF AL-ZARNUJI DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 14 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG GURU DAN DOSEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Anang Sholikhudin

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The background of this research is the problems in education, including the declining image of teachers, students moral degradation, the people who always bestows nothing against teachers. Of these problems, the researchers conducted a study on the concept of the teacher in the book of al-Zarnuji “Ta'lim al-Muta'allim” and in Law No. 14 Year 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers. Moreover, it examines the relevance of the concept of teacher perspectives al-Zarnuji and Law No. 14 Year 2005. This research is a kind of literacy with book data sources “Ta'limal-Muta'allim” work of al- Zarnuji and Law No. 14 Year 2005. The analysis technique used is the comparison and content analisys, by the interpretation of the book of al-Zarnuji and Law No. 14 Year 2005 to discover the relevance of the concept of the teacher. The results showed: 1 the concept of teacher according to al- Zarnuji is a teacher must possess al-a'lim, al-awra', al-asanna, authoritative, al-hilm, as well as the patient. 2 the concept of teacher in law no. 14 of 2005 article 10, paragraph 1 states that a teacher must meet academic qualifications, competence, and teacher certification. The teacher competency is pedagogical, personal competence, social competence, and professional competence. 3 the relevance of the concept of teacher offered al-Zarnuji with in law No. 14 of 2005 that teachers must have extensive knowledge and developing, experienced, and also has a good personality or a noble character , as well as having experience and mature enough to be a teacher.

  1. Diagnóstico laboratorial do albinismo oculocutâneo Laboratory diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism

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    Luciane de Melo Rocha

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os métodos laboratoriais dos diferentes tipos de albinismo oculocutâneo (OCA 1 e OCA 2 de forma descritiva e analisar sua eficiência. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O teste do bulbo capilar é um método químico usado para distinguir as duas formas, no entanto recentemente teve sua eficácia como teste padrão contestada. O avanço da biologia molecular permite a análise das mutações que causam o distúrbio e a sua localização gênica. CONCLUSÃO: O teste do bulbo é seguro apenas para o diagnóstico do OCA 1A, podendo ser usado como complemento de um método mais apurado. A análise molecular fornece um diagnóstico definitivo, permitindo distinguir OCA 1 de OCA 2, pois as mutações afetam genes em cromossomos diferentes.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the laboratories methods of the oculocutaneous albinism (OCA 1and OCA 2 of descriptive form and to analyze its results. METHODS: The hair bulb test is a chemical method used to distinguish the two forms, however, recently had its effectiveness as an standard test contested. The advance of molecular biology allows the analysis of the mutations that cause the disturb and its genic location. CONCLUSIONS: The bulb test is secure only for the diagnosis of OCA 1A, being able to be used as complement of a more refined method. The molecular analysis supplies a diagnostic definitive allowing to distinguish OCA 1 from OCA 2, because the mutations affect genes in different chromosomes.

  2. Regime de Acumulação, Gerações e Juventude

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    Nildo Viana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: O presente texto discute a juventude a partir dos conceitos de geração e regime de acumulação. O conceito de geração é importante para compreender as manifestações das divisões etárias da sociedade contemporânea e suas mutações, o que é explicado a partir do conceito de regime de acumulação, que permite entender o processo de mutação do capitalismo. Nesse sentido, a partir do conceito de gerações e outros derivados, e da compreensão do capitalismo contemporâneo através do conceito de regime de acumulação integral, se torna possível analisar o dilema da juventude contemporânea e suas diferentes manifestações.   Abstract: This paper discusses the youth as a starting point with the concepts of generation and accumulation regime. The concept of generation is important to understand the manifestations of the age divisions of contemporary society and its mutations, which is explained by the concept of regime of accumulation, which allows us to understand the process of mutation of capitalism. In this sense, from the concept of generations and other derivatives, and understanding of contemporary capitalism through the concept of full regime of accumulation, it becomes possible to analyze the dilemma of contemporary youth and their different manifestations.

  3. Enhancement of local species richness in tundra by seed dispersal through guts of muskox and barnacle goose

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bruun, Hans Henrik; Lundgren, Rebekka; Philipp, Marianne

    2008-01-01

    The potential contribution of vertebrate-mediated seed rain to the maintenance of plant community richness in a High Arctic ecosystem was investigated. We analyzed viable seed content in dung of the four numerically most important terrestrial vertebrates in Northeast Greenland - muskox (Ovibos...... moschatus), barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis), Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus). High numbers of plant propagules were found in the dung of muskox and barnacle goose. Seeds of many plant species were found in the faeces of one vertebrate species only. Propagule composition...... in barnacle goose droppings was relatively uniform over samples, with a high abundance of the nutritious bulbils of Polygonum viviparum (Bistorta vivipara), suggesting that geese have a narrow habitat preference and feed selectively. Propagule composition in muskox dung was diverse and heterogeneous among...

  4. Activity of an enzyme immobilized on superparamagnetic particles in a rotational magnetic field

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mizuki, Toru; Watanabe, Noriyuki; Nagaoka, Yutaka [Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585 (Japan); Fukushima, Tadamasa [Shimadzu GLC Ltd., Phenomenex Support Centre, Tokyo 110-0016 (Japan); Morimoto, Hisao; Usami, Ron [Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585 (Japan); Maekawa, Toru, E-mail: maekawa@toyonet.toyo.ac.jp [Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585 (Japan)

    2010-03-19

    We immobilize {alpha}-amylase extracted from Bacillus Iicheniformis on the surfaces of superparamagnetic particles and investigate the effect of a rotational magnetic field on the enzyme's activity. We find that the activity of the enzyme molecules immobilized on superparamagnetic particles increases in the rotational magnetic field and reaches maximum at a certain frequency. We clarify the effect of the cluster structures formed by the superparamagnetic particles on the activity. Enzyme reactions are enhanced even in a tiny volume of solution using the present method, which is very important for the development of efficient micro reactors and micro total analysis systems ({mu}-TAS).

  5. Molecular study of the gene FANCA in patients with compatible clinical of Fanconi Anemia

    OpenAIRE

    Claudia Estela Gonçalves

    2014-01-01

    Resumo: A Anemia de Fanconi (AF) é uma alteração genética caracterizada por múltiplas anomalias congênitas, anormalidades hematológicas e predisposição a uma variedade de tumores. A incidência mundial da AF em todo o mundo é de aproximadamente três por milhão e a frequência de heterozigotos é estimada em um para 300 na Europa e Estados Unidos. É uma doença causada por mutações em genes relacionados ao sistema de reparo. Até o momento foram descritos 16 genes que podem estar multados. São eles...

  6. Detailed analysis of hollow ions spectra from dense matter pumped by X-ray emission of relativistic laser plasma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hansen, S. B.; Colgan, J.; Abdallah, J.; Faenov, A. Ya.; Pikuz, S. A.; Skobelev, I. Yu.; Wagenaars, E.; Culfa, O.; Dance, R. J.; Tallents, G. J.; Rossall, A. K.; Woolsey, N. C.; Booth, N.; Lancaster, K. L.; Evans, R. G.; Gray, R. J.; McKenna, P.; Kaempfer, T.; Schulze, K. S.; Uschmann, I.

    2014-01-01

    X-ray emission from hollow ions offers new diagnostic opportunities for dense, strongly coupled plasma. We present extended modeling of the x-ray emission spectrum reported by Colgan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 125001 (2013)] based on two collisional-radiative codes: the hybrid-structure Spectroscopic Collisional-Radiative Atomic Model (SCRAM) and the mixed-unresolved transition arrays (MUTA) ATOMIC model. We show that both accuracy and completeness in the modeled energy level structure are critical for reliable diagnostics, investigate how emission changes with different treatments of ionization potential depression, and discuss two approaches to handling the extensive structure required for hollow-ion models with many multiply excited configurations

  7. Síndrome de Steinert no âmbito da Medicina Dentária

    OpenAIRE

    Baptista, Helena Marisa Gonçalves

    2015-01-01

    Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária A síndrome de Steinert, ou distrofia miotónica tipo 1, é uma patologia resultante de mutações genéticas, caracterizada por miotonia e por apresentar um quadro clínico multisistémico que afeta vários tecidos do corpo humano, incluindo os músculos, provocando fenótipos de fraqueza, debilidade muscular e redução da força do músculo. Des...

  8. Metamorfoses da cidade portuária: transformações da relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa

    OpenAIRE

    Sousa, João Figueira de; Fernandes, André

    2012-01-01

    O processo de evolução dos portos no período moderno tem sido determinado pela mutabilidade das funções portuárias, induzida por factores como as evoluções tecnológicas nos navios, nos equipamentos de apoio à movimentação de mercadorias ou nas técnicas de armazenagem, transformações nos padrões do comércio internacional, modificações na organização dos transportes marítimos ou alargamento e complexificação das cadeias logísticas globais. Como resultado destas mutações, assiste-se a uma concom...

  9. Metamorfoses da cidade portuária: transformações da relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa Métamorphoses de la ville portuaire: transformations de la relation entre le port et la ville de Lisbonne Port city metamorphosis: transformations of the relationship between the port and the city of Lisbon

    OpenAIRE

    André Fernandes; João Figueira de Sousa

    2012-01-01

    O processo de evolução dos portos no período moderno tem sido determinado pela mutabilidade das funções portuárias, induzida por factores como as evoluções tecnológicas nos navios, nos equipamentos de apoio à movimentação de mercadorias ou nas técnicas de armazenagem, transformações nos padrões do comércio internacional, modificações na organização dos transportes marítimos ou alargamento e complexificação das cadeias logísticas globais. Como resultado destas mutações, assiste-se a uma concom...

  10. Genetic aspects in congenital hypothyrodism

    OpenAIRE

    Perone, Denise; Teixeira, Silvânia S.; Clara, Sueli A.; Santos, Daniela C. dos; Nogueira, Célia R.

    2004-01-01

    Hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) afeta cerca de 1:3000 a 1:4000 recém-nascidos (RN). Numerosos genes são essenciais, tanto para o desenvolvimento normal do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-tireóide quanto para a produção hormonal, e estão associados ao HC. Cerca de 85% do hipotireoidismo primário é denominado disgenesia tireoidiana e evidências sugerem que mutações nos fatores de transcrição (TTF2, TTF1 e PAX-8) e no gene do receptor de TSH podem ser responsáveis pela doença. Os defeitos hereditários d...

  11. Por uma arte menor: ressonâncias entre arte, clínica e loucura na contemporaneidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo Lima

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Desenvolvemos uma reflexão sobre as transformações ocorridas durante o século XX, no Brasil, em relação à recepção de obras de arte produzidas em situações clínicas ou, de qualquer outro modo, fora do espaço instituído da arte. A abertura da arte para acolher essas produções dissidentes é vista por nós como índice de uma mutação na sensibilidade contemporânea, que produz um deslocamento nas relações entre os campos da arte, da clínica e da loucura.

  12. Duplicação [TA] na região promotora do gene UGT1A1 : revisão sistemática e meta - análise

    OpenAIRE

    Monteiro, Susana Cristina Fidalgo

    2012-01-01

    O Síndroma de Gilbert (SG) é uma entidade clínica comum caracterizada por uma forma benigna de hiperbilirrubinemia não conjugada, na ausência de disfunção hepática e de hemólise. O seu diagnóstico, inicialmente de carácter presuntivo, passou a dispor de caracterização molecular quando, em 1995, foram descritas as primeiras mutações no gene UridinoDifosfato-glucuronosil transferase-1 (UGT1A1). Em particular, uma duplicação de 2 nucleotídeos [TA] na região promotora do gene, que tem vindo a rev...

  13. Aspectos clínicos e eletrencefalográficos da Síndrome de Dravet e da Síndrome de Doose

    OpenAIRE

    Paula Maria Preto

    2010-01-01

    Resumo: A Epilepsia Mioclônica Grave da Infância ou Síndrome de Dravet (SDr) e a Epilepsia Miclônico-Astática ou Síndrome de Doose (SDo) são epilepsias raras da infância, que cursam com crises epilépticas refratárias, nas quais há predomínio das mioclonias, e que podem levar à deterioração do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Em aproximadamente 2/3 dos pacientes com SDr encontra-se mutação da subunidade alfa do canal de sódio (SCN1A). Nosso objetivo neste estudo foi de avaliar as característic...

  14. Investigação de variantes gênicas de canais iônicos em pacientes com síndrome do QT longo Investigación de variantes génicas de canales iónicos en pacientes con síndrome del QT largo Investigation of ion channel gene variants in patients with long QT syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Curty

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome do QT longo (SQTL é uma síndrome arrítmica herdada com aumento do intervalo QT e risco de morte súbita. Mutações nos genes KCNQ1, KCNH2 e SCN5A respondem por 90% dos casos com genótipo determinado, e a genotipagem é informativa para aconselhamento genético e melhor manejo da doença. OBJETIVO: Investigação molecular e análise computacional de variantes gênicas de KCNQ1, KCNH2 e SCN5A associadas à SQTL em famílias portadoras da doença. MÉTODOS: As regiões codificantes dos genes KCNQ1, KCNH2 e SCN5A de pacientes com SQTL e familiares foram sequenciadas e analisadas utilizando o software Geneious ProTM. RESULTADOS: Foram investigadas duas famílias com critérios clínicos para SQTL. A probanda da Família A apresentava QTC = 562 ms, Escore de Schwartz = 5,5. A genotipagem identificou a mutação G1714A no gene KCNH2. Foi observado QTC = 521 ± 42 ms nos familiares portadores da mutação contra QTC = 391 ± 21 ms de não portadores. A probanda da Família B apresentava QTc = 551 ms, Escore de Schwartz = 5. A genotipagem identificou a mutação G1600T, no mesmo gene. A análise dos familiares revelou QTC = 497 ± 42 ms nos portadores da mutação, contra QTC = 404 ± 29 ms nos não portadores. CONCLUSÃO: Foram encontradas duas variantes gênicas previamente associadas à SQTL em duas famílias com diagnóstico clínico de SQTL. Em todos os familiares portadores das mutações foi observado o prolongamento do intervalo QT. Foi desenvolvida uma estratégia para identificação de variantes dos genes KCNQ1, KCNH2 e SCN5A, possibilitando o treinamento de pessoal técnico para futura aplicação na rotina diagnóstica.FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome del QT largo (SQTL es un síndrome arrítmico heredado con aumento del intervalo QT y riesgo de muerte súbita. Mutaciones en los genes KCNQ1, KCNH2 y SCN5A responden por 90% de los casos con genotipo determinado, y el genotipaje es informativo para aconsejamiento gen

  15. Artista docente: incursões e mutações nos modos de existência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa C. Primo

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available O texto que se segue tem como propósito discutir os processos nos quais o artista docente está enredado desde uma perspectiva centrada na arte e seus embates no plano institucional das universidades. Para tanto, nos aproximamos da educação tendo como foco os modos através dos quais ela se agencia à questão da subjetividade: constituição de identidades, maneiras de agir, sentir e pensar, normalizadas, sujeitadas, regulamentadas, cujo pensamento dar-se pelo viés da recognição e representação; e, por outra via, na qual a educação se encontra implicada na invenção de maneiras singulares de relação a si e com a alteridade – um pensar que traz consigo as composições de forças que engendram a corporeidade dançante. ABSTRACT The following text aims to discuss the processes in which the teaching artist is embroiled from a perspective centered on art and its clashes at the institutional level of universities. To do so, we approach education with a focus on the ways in which it touts the question of subjectivity: formation of identities, ways of acting, feeling and thinking, normalized, subjected, regulated, whose thought is given by the bias of recognition and representation; and, otherwise, in which education is implicated in the invention of singular ways of relation to oneself and to alterity - a way of thinking that brings the compositions of forces that engender the dance corporeality. KEYWORDS Teacher-artist, dance corporeality, subjectivity.

  16. Diesel exhaust particles are mutagenic in FE1-MutaMouse lung epithelial cells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun; Møller, Peter; Cohn, Corey Alexander

    2008-01-01

    The particulate phase of diesel engine exhaust is likely carcinogenic. However, the mechanisms of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) induced mutagenicity/carcinogenicity are still largely unknown. We determined the mutant frequency following eight repeated 72 h incubations with 37.5 or 75 microg...

  17. Bird mortality related to collisions with ski–lift cables: do we estimate just the tip of the iceberg?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bech, N.

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Collisions with ski–lift cables are an important cause of death for grouse species living close to alpine ski resorts. As several biases may reduce the detection probability of bird carcasses, the mortality rates related to these collisions are generally underestimated. The possibility that injured birds may continue flying for some distance after striking cables represents a major source of error, known as crippling bias. Estimating the crippling losses resulting from birds dying far from the ski–lift corridors is difficult and it is usually assessed by systematic searches of carcasses on both sides of the ski–lifts. Using molecular tracking, we were able to demonstrate that a rock ptarmigan hen flew up to 600 m after striking a ski–lift cable, a distance preventing its detection by traditional carcasses surveys. Given the difficulty in conducting systematic searches over large areas surrounding the ski–lifts, only an experiment using radio–tagged birds would allow us to estimate the real mortality rate associated with cable collision.

  18. What is new in genetics and osteogenesis imperfecta classification?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eugênia R. Valadares

    2014-11-01

    dados: Sillence et al., em 1979, desenvolveram uma classificação dos subtipos de OI baseada em características clínicas e gravidade da doença: OI tipo I, forma leve, comum, com escleras azuladas; OI tipo II, forma perinatal letal; OI tipo III, forma grave e progressivamente deformante com esclera normal; e OI tipo IV, forma de gravidade moderada com esclera normal. Cerca de 90% dos indivíduos com OI são heterozigotos para mutações em COL1A1 e COL1A2, com padrão de herança dominante ou esporádico. A partir de 2006 foram identificadas mutações nos genes CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SP7, WNT1, BMP1 e TMEM38B associadas à OI recessiva e mutação em IFITM5 associada à OI dominante. Mutações em PLS3 foram identificadas recentemente em famílias com osteoporose e fraturas, com padrão de herança ligado ao X. Além da complexidade genética das bases moleculares das OI, extensa variabilidade fenotípica resultante de loci individuais também tem sido documentada. Conclusões: Face à descoberta de novos genes e à correlação genótipo-fenótipo limitada, o uso de ferramentas de sequenciamento de nova geração torna-se útil no estudo molecular de casos de OI. A recomendação do Grupo de Nosologia da Sociedade Internacional de Displasias Esqueléticas é manter a classificação de Sillence como a forma prototípica e universalmente aceita para classificar o grau de gravidade na OI, e libertá-la de referência molecular direta. Keywords: Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteochondrodysplasias, Collagen type 1, Palavras-chave: Osteogênese imperfeita, Osteocondrodisplasias, Colágeno tipo 1

  19. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer identification and surveillance of high-risk families Câncer colo-retal hereditário não polipose - Diagnóstico e surgimento de famílias de alto risco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta Vasconcelos e Silva

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is an autosomal dominant condition caused by highly penetrant gene mutations. It is characterized by increased susceptibility for a specific group of cancer, mainly colorectal cancer. The syndrome originates from the inheritance of mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. The most commonly affected genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are hMLH1 and hMSH2. Their deficient expression renders the cell susceptible to the accumulation of many molecular defects, a condition which can be evaluated by the instability in sections of base repeats in the genoma known as microsatellite instability. The molecular detection of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is possible in most of the highly suspicious cases. Genetic tests for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer also allow characterization of the individual that bears the mutation within a family. The high cost and restricted availability of these tests hamper their use for every person presenting colorectal cancer. Due to this fact, some clinical criteria have been developed by a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer international organization to select families with a high probability of carrying the mutation. Once families at risk are identified, they are encouraged to join a screening program that aims at early detection of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer-related cancers, increasing the possibility of its prevention and early detection.O câncer colo-retal hereditário não polipose é uma síndrome genética caracterizada por uma susceptilidade aumentada para certos tipos específicos de câncer, especialmente o câncer colo-retal. Ao nível molecular, a síndrome caracteriza-se pela herança autossômica dominante de mutações em genes envolvidos em um mecanismo de reparo do DNA dirigido para defeitos em trocas, ganhos ou perdas de um número de pequeno de bases, chamado de sistema de reparo de erros de pareamento. Os

  20. Serpentes peçonhentas e ofidismo em Cruzeiro do Sul, Alto Juruá, Estado do Acre, Brasil Venomous snakes and ophidism in Cruzeiro do Sul, Alto Juruá, State of Acre, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Sérgio Bernarde

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Apesar da importância dos acidentes ofídicos na Saúde Pública, são relativamente poucas as pesquisas realizadas sobre esse tema no Brasil. Devido aos poucos estudos sobre ofidismo na Amazônia e especialmente no estado do Acre, trabalhos epidemiológicos são de grande relevância. Esse estudo apresenta a lista de serpentes peçonhentas e aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes ofídicos em Cruzeiro do Sul, região do Alto Juruá (Acre, verificando quais gêneros de serpentes são responsáveis pelos envenenamentos e aspectos que envolvem o acidente e o atendimento hospitalar. Os dados epidemiológicos foram coligidos a partir do SINAN (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação, no setor de vigilância epidemiológica do Hospital Regional do Juruá, no município de Cruzeiro do Sul. Sete espécies de serpentes peçonhentas foram registradas nesse município: três viperídeos (Bothrops atrox, Bothriopsis bilineata e Lachesis muta e quatro elapídeos (Micrurus hemprichii, M. lemniscatus, M. remotus and M. surinamensis. Durante o período de dois anos (agosto de 2007 a julho de 2009 foram registrados 195 casos de acidentes ofídicos. Cinquenta e um por cento dos acidentes foi classificado como laquético (Lachesis, seguido pelo botrópico (Bothrops e Bothriopsis com 38% e crotálico (Crotalus com 2%. Em 9% dos casos o gênero da serpente envolvida não foi informado. A maioria dos acidentes envolveu indivíduos adultos do gênero masculino em área rural, afetados principalmente nos membros inferiores. Os casos ocorreram mais frequentemente nos meses de novembro a abril, coincidindo com os maiores níveis pluviométricos. A maioria dos acidentes foi atribuída equivocadamente à serpente L. muta, tendo sido provavelmente causados por B. atrox.Despite the importance of accidents involving snakebites, research on this theme in Brazil is relatively rare, especially in the Amazon region. Due to the poor number of studies about ophidism

  1. Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Cristina Barros Pereira

    2015-11-01

    perda auditiva severa. Realizamos o sequenciamento total do exoma em dois conjuntos de amostras e confirmamos os achados com o método de Sequenciamento de Sanger. Resultados: Duas mutações foram identificadas nos genes ATP6V0A4 e ATP6V1B1. Na família um, detectamos uma nova mutação no éxon 13 do gene ATP6V0A4 com uma alteração em um nucleotídeo único GAC → TAC (c.1232G>T que causou substituição de ácido aspártico por tirosina na posição 411. Na família dois, detectamos uma mutação recorrente do homozigoto com inserção de um par de bases (c.1149_1155insC no éxon 12 do gene ATP6V1B1. Conclusão: Nossos resultados confirmam o valor do sequenciamento total do exoma para o estudo de nefropatias genéticas complexas, permitindo a identificação de mutações novas e recorrentes. Adicionalmente, demonstramos claramente pela primeira vez a aplicação desse método molecular em doenças tubulares renais. Keywords: ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, Children, Distal renal tubular acidosis, Genetics, Whole-exome sequencing, Palavras-chave: ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1, Crianças, Acidose tubular renal distal, Genética, Sequenciamento total do exoma

  2. Platelet indices in Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms / Indicii plachetari de volum în neoplasmele mieloproliferative cronice Philadelphia-negative

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olteanu Ariela-Ligia

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducere: Neoplasmele mieloproliferative cronice cromozom Philadelphia negative (Ph-MPN -policitemia vera (PV, trombocitemia esenţială (TE şi mielofibroza primară (MP - sunt caracterizate de o rată mare de complicaţii trombotice, parţial date de activarea trombocitară. Trombocitele mari sunt mai active, cu o funcţie procoagulantă crescută şi au rol patogenic demonstrat în tromboza arterială şi venoasă. În studiul nostru am încercat să stabilim dacă indicii trombocitari (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, furnizaţi de analizoarele de hematologie în hemoleucograma completă, sunt modificaţi la pacienţii diagnosticaţi cu Ph-MPN comparativ cu subiecţii sănătoşi. Material şi metodă: Hemoleucograma, ce a inclus şi indicii trombocitari, a fost determinată la 102 pacienţi Ph- MPN şi la 102 subiecţi sănătoşi cu ajutorul analizorului de hematologie Sysmex XS 1000i (metoda impedanţei, iar testele biochimice (glucoza şi parametrii metabolismului lipidic, pe analizorul Architect c8000. Prezenţa mutaţiei JAK2 V617F, la pacienţii cu Ph-MPN, a fost evidenţiată prin tehnica ARMS-PCR. Rezultate: Indicii de volum plachetari (IVP măsuraţi prin metoda impedanţei, nu au fost semnificativ modificaţi la pacienţii cu Ph-MPN comparativ cu cei ai subiecţilor sănătoşi. Totuşi, am observat o moderată corelaţie între valoarea acestor indici şi prezenţa mutaţiei JAK2V617F, fără însă a se atinge o diferenţă semnificativă din punct de vedere statistic. IVP au fost crescuţi la micul subgrup de pacienţi trataţi cu anagrelide şi scăzuţi la cei trataţi cu simvastatin, comparativ cu pacienţii care nu au primit aceste terapii. Concluzii: Folosind metoda impedanţei în determinarea indicilor trombocitari, în studiul nostru nu am demonstrat o diferenţă semnificativă între valorile indicilor trombocitari la pacienţii cu Ph- MPN comparativ cu subiecţii sănătoşi. Sunt necesare studii ulterioare pentru a demonstra o

  3. Isolation of recombinant strains with enhanced pectinase production by protoplast fusion between Penicillium expansum and Penicillium griseoroseum Isolamento de linhagens recombinantes com maior produção de pectinases por meio de fusão de protoplastos entre Penicillium expansum e Penicillium griseoroseum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurilio Antonio Varavallo

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Protoplast fusion between complementary auxotrophic and morphological mutant strains of Penicillium griseoroseum and P. expansum was induced by polyethylene glycol and calcium ions (Ca2+. Fusant strains were obtained in minimal medium and a prototrophic strain, possibly diploid, was chosen for haplodization with the fungicide benomyl. Different recombinant strains were isolated and characterized for occurrence of auxotrophic mutations and pectinolytic enzyme production. The fusant prototrophic did not present higher pectinase production than the parental strains, but among 29 recombinants analyzed, four presented enhanced enzyme activities. The recombinant RGE27, which possesses the same auxotrophic and morphologic mutations as the P. griseoroseum parental strain, presented a considerable increase in polygalacturonase (3-fold and pectin lyase production (1.2-fold.Fusões de protoplastos entre linhagens mutantes auxotróficas e morfológicas complementares de Penicillium griseoroseum e P. expansum foram induzidas por polietilenoglicol e íons cálcio (Ca2+. Fusionantes foram obtidos em meio mínimo e uma linhagem prototrófica, possivelmente diplóide, foi selecionada para a haploidização com o fungicida benomil. Diferentes linhagens recombinantes foram isoladas e caracterizadas quanto à presença de mutações auxotróficas e a produção de enzimas pectinolíticas. O fusionante prototrófico não apresentou maior atividade de pectinases em relação às linhagens parentais, entretanto, entre 29 recombinantes analisados, quatro apresentaram maiores atividades enzimáticas. O recombinante RGE27, o qual possui as mesmas mutações auxotróficas e morfológicas que a linhagem parental de P. griseoroseum, apresentou um aumento considerável na produção de poligalacturonase (3 vezes e de pectina liase (1,2 vezes.

  4. Paisagem Mutante como Elemento de Análise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Sobrinho Dgedge

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Em Moçambique o Currículo Local permite conhecer a realidade próxima do aluno. A formação de professores de Geografia inclui agora a preocupação pelo conhecimento da influência dos fenômenos locais e externos na modificação da paisagem ao redor do aluno. Na Universidade Pedagógica, a formação de professores de Geografia havia-se desligado da realidade, sendo o ensino monótono e muito teórico. A localização da Delegação de Gaza numa área em constante mutação paisagística trouxe outra dinâmica na formação docente, passando a paisagem a ser um objecto de análise, permitindo que o futuro professor apreenda que é necessário romper com a geografia da sala de aulas. O estudante aprende a visualizar que as paisagens são construídas a partir das dinâmicas sociais, não existindo uma sociedade fora da natureza e que os fenômenos são localizados temporal e territorialmente no local onde ocorrem, tendo e recebendo influências de outros lugares e doutros períodos. O contato direto com a paisagem permite a utilização da linguagem cartográfica como metodologia importante para a construção do conhecimento geográfico. Neste trabalho mostra-se como é que a mutação da paisagem é utilizada no processo de ensino e aprendizagem no Curso de Geografia da Universidade Pedagógica, Delegação de Gaza.

  5. Polysomy and amplification of chromosome 7 defined for EGFR gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung together with exons 19 and 21 wild type Carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão: Polissomia e amplificação do cromossoma 7 e do gene EGRF com forma wild type nos exões 19 e 21

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Couceiro

    2010-06-01

    factor de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR está sobreexpresso na maioria dos carcinomas do pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC e é um dos principais alvos específicos dos inibidores da tirosina cinase (TKI utilizados para o tratamento do CPNPC avançado. Apesar disto, há um considerável número de factores biológicos que também estão associados à resposta dos EGFR-TKIs. Este estudo teve como principal objectivo a pesquisa de mutações somáticas e amplificação do EGFR em casos de carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão. Material e métodos: Secções representativas de carcinoma epidermóide foram seleccionadas de 54 casos em que o tecido estava fixado em formal e incluído em parafina, sendo depois submetidos à construção de TMA. A determinação da expressão proteica do EGFR foi feita por imunoistoquímica (IHQ (Zymed, laboratórios. A hibridização in situ de fluorescência (FISH foi realizada com a sonda EGFR LSI / CEP 7 (Vysis; Abbott Molecular, EUA. O ADN genómico foi extraído de 48 casos, amplificado por reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR para pesquisa de mutações nos exões 19 (deleções e 21 (mutações pontuais. Todos os casos expressaram positividade para a citoqueratina de alto peso molecular e foi observada negatividade para CK7, CD56 e cromogranina. Resultados: A sobreexpressão proteica do EGFR foi identificada em 49 casos, pela aplicação do score de Hirsh/ Cappuzzo (2005. A pesquisa de alterações génicas no cromossoma 7 e do gene EGFR foram analisadas por FISH e de acordo com o método de Cappuzzo (2005, foi identificada alta polissomia em 31 casos e amplificação em 7 casos. Por electroforese capilar, foram detectadas no exão 19 do EGFR: deleções em heterozigotia em 3 dos 48 casos estudados e o exão 21 apresentou-se sempre na sua forma wild-type, quando estudado por enzimas de restrição. Conclusões: A detecção de deleções e mutações pontuais no EGFR mostrou ser um evento raro no carcinoma epidermóide do pulm

  6. Carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão: Polissomia e amplificação do cromossoma 7 e do gene EGRF com forma wild type nos exões 19 e 21

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Couceiro

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Objectivo: O receptor do factor de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR está sobreexpresso na maioria dos carcinomas do pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC e é um dos principais alvos específicos dos inibidores da tirosina cinase (TKI utilizados para o tratamento do CPNPC avançado. Apesar disto, há um considerável número de factores biológicos que também estão associados à resposta dos EGFR-TKIs. Este estudo teve como principal objectivo a pesquisa de mutações somáticas e amplificação do EGFR em casos de carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão. Material e métodos: Secções representativas de carcinoma epidermóide foram seleccionadas de 54 casos em que o tecido estava fixado em formal e incluído em parafina, sendo depois submetidos à construção de TMA. A determinação da expressão proteica do EGFR foi feita por imunoistoquímica (IHQ (Zymed, laboratórios. A hibridização in situ de fluorescência (FISH foi realizada com a sonda EGFR LSI / CEP 7 (Vysis; Abbott Molecular, EUA. O ADN genómico foi extraído de 48 casos, amplificado por reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR para pesquisa de mutações nos exões 19 (deleções e 21 (mutações pontuais. Todos os casos expressaram positividade para a citoqueratina de alto peso molecular e foi observada negatividade para CK7, CD56 e cromogranina. Resultados: A sobreexpressão proteica do EGFR foi identificada em 49 casos, pela aplicação do score de Hirsh/ Cappuzzo (2005. A pesquisa de alterações génicas no cromossoma 7 e do gene EGFR foram analisadas por FISH e de acordo com o método de Cappuzzo (2005, foi identificada alta polissomia em 31 casos e amplificação em 7 casos. Por electroforese capilar, foram detectadas no exão 19 do EGFR: deleções em heterozigotia em 3 dos 48 casos estudados e o exão 21 apresentou-se sempre na sua forma wild-type, quando estudado por enzimas de restrição. Conclusões: A detecção de deleções e mutações pontuais no EGFR

  7. Spatiotemporal distribution of rabies in Arctic foxes in Greenland

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Raundrup, Katrine; Moshøj, Charlotte Margaret; Wennerberg, Sanne

    2015-01-01

    The temporal occurrence, spatial distribution, spread, and prevalence of rabies in Arctic foxes, Vulpes lagopus, in Greenland were studied using historical observations from 1969 to 2011 and survey data collected in the winters 1992 and 1993. Regionally, the prevalence of rabies ranged between 0...... and 7.1 %. Wavelet analysis was used to identify periodicities in the abundance of rabies cases based on the historical observations. No general length of the cyclic interval of rabies occurrences in Greenland could be demonstrated. The frequency of outbreaks was found to be variable but can be grouped...... as short (less than 5 years), medium (5–10 years), and long (more than 10 years). Moreover, rabies outbreaks in neighboring regions were found to be more closely correlated compared to regions further apart. In West Greenland, the temporal outbreaks of rabies were found to occur along a north...

  8. Kleptoparasitism by bald eagles wintering in south-central Nebraska

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jorde, Dennis G.; Lingle, G.R.

    1988-01-01

    Kleptoparasitism on other raptors was one means by which Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) secured food along the North Platte and Platte rivers during the winters of 1978-1980. Species kelptoparasitized were Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis), Rough-legged Hawk (B. lagopus), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and Bald Eagle. Stealing of prey occurred more often during the severe winter of 1978-1979 when ice cover restricted eagles from feeding on fish than during the milder winter of 1979-1980. Kleptoparasitism occurred principally in agricultural habitats where large numbers of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were foraging. Subadults watched adults steal food and participated in food-stealing with adults, which indicated interspecific kleptoparasitism may be a learned behavior. We suggest factors that may favor interspecific kleptoparasitism as a foraging strategy of Bald Eagles in obtaining waterfowl during severe winters.

  9. Avaliação molecular do gene WT1 em pacientes pre-puberes com disgenesia gonadal parcial

    OpenAIRE

    Eduardo Becker Tagliarini

    2004-01-01

    Resumo: Em seres humanos, a detenninação do sexo masculino dá-se pela presença de um cromossomo Y que, por meio da expressão do gene SRY, fará com que os primórdios gonadais se diferenciem em testículos. Além do SRY há outros genes envolvidos na detenninação e diferenciação masculina, tal como o WTI, que codifica um fator de transcrição do tipo "zinc-finger", essencial para o desenvolvimento gonadal e renal em mamíferos. Sabe-se que mutações germinativas do gene WTI estão relacionadas à forma...

  10. Análise comparativa entre galectinas-1 humana e de camundongo sob os aspectos biológico e molecular

    OpenAIRE

    Amanda Cristina Trabuco

    2013-01-01

    A galectina-1 (Gal-1) é uma lectina homodimérica multifuncional capaz de reconhecer e se ligar a beta-galactosídeos por meio de um domínio denominado carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). A Gal-1 humana (Gal-1h) e a Gal-1 de camundongo (Gal-1c) mantêm 88,15% de homologia e, apesar de não existirem mutações em aminoácidos-chave do CRD, há substituições próximas a esses resíduos. Considerando as implicações dessas diferenças em estrutura e função, e que é comum a utilização de modelos murinos ...

  11. Avaliação eletroforética, cromatográfica e molecular da Hb D Los Angeles no Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Chinelato-Fernandes Ana R.; Leoneli Guilherme G.; Calderan Patrícia O.; Oliveira Rute Blasi de; Silva Jr. Wilson Araújo da; Hidalgo Claudia Augusta; Bonini- Domingos Claudia Regina

    2003-01-01

    A variante de hemoglobina (Hb) D mais comum, Hb D Los Angeles ou D Punjab, é originada de uma transversão GAA->CAA no códon 121 da globina beta; essa mutação resulta na substituição do ácido glutâmico por glutamina na proteína. É a terceira variante de hemoglobina mais freqüente da população brasileira. Como as hemoglobinas D apresentam migração similar à hemoglobina S em pH alcalino, e com a hemoglobina A em pH ácido, são necessários vários testes para o correto diagnóstico. No presente estu...

  12. Transgênicos e evolução dirigida

    OpenAIRE

    Azevedo,João Lúcio de; Fungaro,Maria Helena Pelegrinelli; Vieira,Maria Lúcia Carneiro

    2000-01-01

    Os eventos de mutação são responsáveis pela geração de variabilidade genética nas populações, permitindo a ação da seleção natural que favorece os tipos mais adaptados. A exploração dessa variabilidade, embora de forma empírica, teve início há cerca de dez mil anos, quando se deu a domesticação das primeiras culturas agrícolas. Com o advento da genética, práticas racionais de seleção passaram a ser adotadas visando o melhoramento genético de plantas, animais e microrganismos de interesse para...

  13. Estado em crise: breve análise, vista sob a perspectiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Monteiro Medeiros

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O Estado está em constante mutação. No futuro,tanto poderá ser mantido, ainda que reformulado, em face daflexibilização do conceito de soberania, como desaparecer,absorvido por entes de caráter supranacional. Aglobalização, insere-se nesse contexto. Com o Brasil nãopoderá ser diferente, devendo avançar a integração sócioeconômica no Mercosul, ou ceder espaço à formação da Alca.De qualquer sorte, pelo exaurimento do Neoliberalismo,impõe-se a formação de um novo Estado, de resgate dadimensão humana: o Estado Neosocial.

  14. Plantago lagopus B Chromosome Is Enriched in 5S rDNA-Derived Satellite DNA

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kumke, K.; Macas, Jiří; Fuchs, J.; Altschmied, L.; Kour, J.; Dhar, M.K.; Houben, A.

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 148, č. 1 (2016), s. 68-73 ISSN 1424-8581 R&D Projects: GA ČR GBP501/12/G090 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Polymorhpic A chromosome segment * Satellite repeat * Supernumerary chromosome * 5S rDNA Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.354, year: 2016

  15. Sperm kinematic, head morphometric and kinetic-morphometric subpopulations in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carles Soler

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available This work provides information on the blue fox ejaculated sperm quality needed for seminal dose calculations. Twenty semen samples, obtained by masturbation, were analyzed for kinematic and morphometric parameters by using CASA-Mot and CASA-Morph system and principal component (PC analysis. For motility, eight kinematic parameters were evaluated, which were reduced to PC1, related to linear variables, and PC2, related to oscillatory movement. The whole population was divided into three independent subpopulations: SP1, fast cells with linear movement; SP2, slow cells and nonoscillatory motility; and SP3, medium speed cells and oscillatory movement. In almost all cases, the subpopulation distribution by animal was significantly different. Head morphology analysis generated four size and four shape parameters, which were reduced to PC1, related to size, and PC2, related to shape of the cells. Three morphometric subpopulations existed: SP1: large oval cells; SP2: medium size elongated cells; and SP3: small and short cells. The subpopulation distribution differed between animals. Combining the kinematic and morphometric datasets produced PC1, related to morphometric parameters, and PC2, related to kinematics, which generated four sperm subpopulations - SP1: high oscillatory motility, large and short heads; SP2: medium velocity with small and short heads; SP3: slow motion small and elongated cells; and SP4: high linear speed and large elongated cells. Subpopulation distribution was different in all animals. The establishment of sperm subpopulations from kinematic, morphometric, and combined variables not only improves the well-defined fox semen characteristics and offers a good conceptual basis for fertility and sperm preservation techniques in this species, but also opens the door to use this approach in other species, included humans.

  16. Too Cute for Words: Cuteness Evokes the Kama Muta Emotion and Motivates Communal Sharing

    OpenAIRE

    Steinnes, Kamilla Knutsen

    2017-01-01

    Infantile attributes, such as large eyes, chubby cheeks, and a small nose and mouth, comprise the visual Kindchenschema and are perceived as cute. People are highly sensitive to such features as they stimulate approach and care, which is triggered by an emotional response. This emotional response to cuteness has generally been ignored as a research topic and has consequently remained unidentified. Attempting to address this research gap, the current thesis postulates that cuteness typically e...

  17. Avian post-construction studies and EIA for planned extension of the Hitra wind-power plant; EIA = environmental impact assessment; Ornitologisk etterundersoekelse og konsekvensutredning i tilknytning til planer for utvidelse av Hitra vindkraftverk

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bevanger, K.; Dahl, E.L.; Gjershaug, J.O.; Halley, D.J.; Hanssen, F.O.; Nygaard, T.; Pearson, M.; Pedersen, H.C.; Reitan, O.

    2010-03-15

    The results indicate that the annual number of dead birds recorded varies, and that an annual average probably is slightly less than two dead white-tailed eagles and four willow ptarmigans as long as 24 turbines are operating in the wind-power plant. The number of dead birds recorded is minimum figures. The total collision rate has not been estimated, however, the terrain where the power plant is located is difficult to search, and thus the habitat bias will be significant. Taking into account removal rate (scavenging bias) and search efficiency of the dog (search bias) it is assumed that the real number of casualties is somewhat higher. Dead birds are particularly found near turbines located at the edge of the power plant. There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether the recorded mortality for the white- tailed eagle is or is not acceptable with regard to short- or long-term population development. As regards the willow ptarmigan population, the data, while not conclusive, in combination with population censuses suggests that the power-plant extension will not be unacceptable for population development. Both for the white-tailed eagle and the willow ptarmigan an increased mortality must be expected when the power plant turbine number is increased.It is important to clarify whether there are established breeding pairs within the planning area, particularly in connection to the planned road access from the south. By building this road a general disturbance increase will take place. Whether the routing of the road will conflict with nest sites of red-listed species like the eagle owl and grey-headed wood- pecker is unknown as the routing not was known when the fieldwork took place during spring/summer 2009. There is, however, more reason to believe that the road might threaten an eagle owl territory than the contrary. The existing data are insufficient to conclude whether the encroachments connected to the road building from the south into the power-plant area

  18. Factors affecting unintentional harvesting selectivity in a monomorphic species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bunnefeld, Nils; Baines, David; Newborn, David; Milner-Gulland, E J

    2009-03-01

    1. Changes in the abundance of populations have always perplexed ecologists but long-term studies are revealing new insights into population dynamic processes. Long-term data are often derived from harvest records although many wild populations face high harvesting pressures leading to overharvesting and extinction. Additionally, harvest records used to describe population processes such as fluctuations in abundance and reproductive success often assume a random off-take. 2. Selective harvesting based on phenotypic characteristics occurs in many species (e.g. trophy hunting, fisheries) and has important implications for population dynamics, conservation and management. 3. In species with no marked morphological differences between the age and sex classes, such as the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus during the shooting season, hunters cannot consciously select for a specific sex or age class during the shooting process but harvest records could still give a biased reflection of the population structure because of differences in behaviour between age and sex classes. 4. This study compared age and sex ratios in the bag with those in the population before shooting for red grouse at different points in the shooting season and different densities, which has rarely been tested before. 5. More young than old grouse were shot at large bag sizes and vice versa for small bag sizes than would be expected from the population composition before shooting. The susceptibility of old males to shooting compared to females increased with bag size and was high at the first time the area was shot but decreased with the number of times an area was harvested. 6. These findings stress that the assumption made in many studies that harvest records reflect the age and sex ratio of the population and therefore reflect productivity can be misleading. 7. In this paper, as in the literature, it is also shown that number of grouse shot reflects grouse density and therefore that hunting

  19. Alterações moleculares associadas à hemocromatose hereditária Molecular changes associated with hereditary hemochromatosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo C. J. L. Santos

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available A hemocromatose hereditária (HH é a mais comum doença autossômica em caucasianos e caracteriza-se pelo aumento da absorção intestinal de ferro, o qual resulta em acúmulo progressivo de ferro no organismo. A classificação da HH é realizada de acordo com a alteração genética encontrada, sendo os casos divididos em tipos 1, 2A, 2B, 3 e 4, quando a sobrecarga de ferro for associada aos genes HFE, HJV, HAMP, TFR2 e SLC40A1, respectivamente. Não existem estudos brasileiros que avaliaram a presença de mutações em genes relacionados à fisiopatologia da HH (genes HJV, HAMP, TFR2 e SLC40A1, além da pesquisa das três mutações no gene HFE (C282Y, H63D e S65C. Porém, está descrito, nos estudos realizados no Brasil, que alguns pacientes com sobrecarga de ferro primária não são portadores da HH tipo 1 (associada ao gene HFE. Portanto, é de suma importância a identificação das características genéticas dessa população, uma vez que outras mutações nos genes HJV, HAMP, TFR2 e SLC40A1 podem estar associadas à fisiopatologia da doença, podendo haver interações entre os genes alterados, de forma que possa auxiliar no entendimento da fisiopatologia da HH em pacientes brasileiros.Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH is the most common autosomal disease in Caucasians. It is characterized by an increase in intestinal absorption of iron, which results in a progressive accumulation of iron in the body. The classification of HH is carried out according to the genetic alteration found; thus cases of HH are divided into Types 1, 2A, 2B, 3 and 4, when the iron overload is associated to the HFE, HJV, HAMP, TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes, respectively. There is research on the three HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D and S65C in the Brazilian population however there are no Brazilian studies that evaluate the presence of mutations in other genes related to the pathophysiology of HH (HJV, HAMP, TFR2 and SLC40A1 genes. Nevertheless, studies conducted in

  20. Neurofibromatose tipo 1 na infância: revisão dos aspectos clínicos Neurofibromatosis type 1 in childhood: review of clinical aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Guilherme Darrigo Junior

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF1 em crianças e adolescentes, enfatizando as manifestações clínicas. FONTES DE DADOS: Artigos publicados, indexados na base de dados Medline e publicados entre 1998 a 2007, buscados pelos seguintes termos: "neurofibromatosis type 1", "neurofibroma", "von Recklinghausen" e "optic pathway gliomas". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A NF1 é uma doença genética autossômica dominante, crônica e progressiva, com incidência de 1/2.000 a 1/7.800 nascidos vivos. Tem sido observada em diferentes partes do mundo, em todas as raças e nos dois sexos. Metade dos casos representa mutações novas. A taxa de mutação para o gene NF1 é de 1/10.000, a qual se deve ao fato do gene ser grande e possuir estrutura interna atípica, que predispõe a deleções e mutações. O diagnóstico presuntivo da NF1 é feito por critérios clínicos. As três principais manifestações - neurofibromas, manchas café-com-leite e nódulos de Lisch - ocorrem em mais de 90% dos pacientes até a puberdade. CONCLUSÕES: Os cuidados com os pacientes com NF1 devem antecipar as principais complicações e oferecer um tratamento precoce. No aconselhamento genético, é importante informar pais e familiares a respeito do panorama geral da doença e suas possíveis complicações, enfatizando que a maioria dos pacientes apresenta vida saudável e produtiva.OBJECTIVE: To review clinical and diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: Articles published from 1998 to 2007 and retrieved by the words "neurofibromatosis type 1"; "neurofibroma", "von Recklinghausen" and "optic pathway gliomas" in Medline database. DATA SYNTHESIS: NF1 is a chronic and progressive autosomal dominant disorder with an incidence of 1/2,000 to 1/7,800 live births. There is no racial, geographic or gender preference. Half of the cases represent new mutations, and the mutation rate for NF1

  1. Selected radionuclides and heavy metals in skeletons of birds of prey from eastern Poland

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Komosa, A.; Chibowski, S.; Solecki, J.; Orzel, J.; Kitowski, I.; Rozanski, P.

    2009-01-01

    Results of determination of 137 Cs, 90 Sr, 40 K, 239+240 Pu, and heavy metals: Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cu in skeletons of 15 species of birds of prey from Eastern Poland were presented. The greatest amounts of 137 Cs and 90 Sr (70 Bq/kg and 33 Bq/kg, respectively) were found in rough-legged buzzards (Buteo lagopus), winter visitors, coming from former soviet nuclear test places. Concentrations of 239+240 Pu in raptors were negligible, only lesser-spotted eagles (Aquila pomarina) revealed slightly higher values. Median concentrations of 137 Cs and 90 Sr in raptors which feed predominantly on small mammals were higher in comparison to concentrations found in other ones preferring different trophy. The most noticeable was a very high lead concentration (reaching above 600 mg/kg) in birds which utilize un-retrieved hunting casualties as their prey. (author)

  2. Pronounced variation in tarsal and foot feathering in the upland buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) in Mongolia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ellis, D.H.; Woffinden, N.; Whitlock, P.L.; Tsengeg, Pu

    1999-01-01

    During 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998 expeditions across Mongolia, we located over 250 upland buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) nests. At these, we noted considerable morphological variation in plumage coloration and in leg pterylosis. In 1997 and 1998, we examined 131 nests scattered across eastern and central Mongolia and report here the tarsal condition of 119 nestlings from 59 broods where young were at least 2 weeks of age. Of 119 birds carefully examined, 50 (42%) had less than fully feathered tarsi and 4 of the 69 with fully feathered tarsi had scattered feathers on their toes. Thus, 54 of 119 birds (45%) in some way deviated from the feathered tarsibare toes condition. This extraordinary degree of variability in feather patterns may be best explained as the result of extensive and relatively recent hybridization between the longlegged (Buteo rufinus) and roughlegged (B. lagopus) buzzards and/or between long-legged and upland buzzards.

  3. Não há sol que sempre dure

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    Maria Lúcia de Barros Camargo

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Há vinte anos, conceitos como pós-modernidade ou globalização ainda não freqüentavam os discursos críticos brasileiros, mas os sintomas da consolidação de uma sociedade de massas e de consumo e, especialmente, dos meios de comunicação, não se faziam esperar. Anos de perplexidade e medo, os 70 registraram, através de suas revistas, as incertezas diante de um quadro cultural, social, político e econômico em grande mutação, especialmente se considerarmos as contradições que tais mudanças produzem em países como os nossos, países subdesenvolvidos, para usar um termo em desuso.

  4. Evolução e tendências da auditoria informática nas unidades económicas

    OpenAIRE

    Antunes, Ilídio Rodrigues

    1993-01-01

    Doutoramento em Gestão A auditoria informática,como função de exame e avaliação do sistema de informação e das tecnologias que o suportam, insere-se nos princípios da gestão sistémica e da "auditoria interna", nos domínios da informação, organização, operação e decisão. Considera-se que as tecnologias de informação geram mutações em todos os sistemas, mas têm, apesar das suas implicações globais e estratégicas, acima de si a auditoria que visa examinar e avaliar a integridade e a consistên...

  5. Fibrose quística – Caracterização clínica de uma amostra de doentes portugueses

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    Micaela Guardiano

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Apesar dos rápidos avanços na compreensão dos determinantes moleculares da fibrose quística, esta continua a ser uma das doenças recessivas letais mais comuns na população caucasiana em todo o mundo. A realidade dos doentes portugueses continua a ser pouco conhecida, pela escassez de trabalhos publicados referentes à nossa população.Este trabalho tem como objectivos: fazer uma avaliação clínica de um grupo de doentes portugueses com fibrose quística, com 2 mutações identificadas e comparar a apresentação clínica de um grupo de doentes homozigóticos para a mutação F508del com doentes não homozigóticos para esta mutação.Para tal, seleccionou-se um grupo de doentes em seguimento na Consulta de Pneumologia Pediátrica do HSJ que foram caracterizados do ponto de vista fenotípico e classificados de acordo com critérios de gravidade.Todos os doentes desta amostra apresentaram mutações de classe I e/ou II, que se associam, classicamente, a fenótipo mais grave. Em conformidade com a gravidade genotípica, todos os doentes apresentaram um fenótipo de insuficiência pancreática mas com maior variabilidade de manifestações pulmonares.Não se encontraram variações significativas em termos de idade de diagnóstico, formas de apresentação e gravidade da doença entre doentes homozigóticos F508del e restantes doentes. Em contrapartida, doentes com o mesmo genótipo (homozigóticos F508del apresentaram diferentes espectros de manifestações clínicas e de gravidade fenotípica. Tanto ou mais do que a caracterização genotípica, o tempo de evolução da doença e os factores externos (nomeadamente a sujeição a estímulos infecciosos deverão interferir na gravidade do fenótipo num dado momento.Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (4: 381-406 Abstract: Even though there have been rapid advances in

  6. Utilização de linhagens diplóides uvsH//uvsH de Aspergillus nidulans (Ascomycetes para a avaliação do potencial recombinagênico de agentes químicos e físicos uvsH//uvsH diploid strain favors an efficient method to evaluate the recombinagenic effect of chemical and physical agents in Aspergillus nidulans (Ascomycetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francielle Baptista

    2001-05-01

    Full Text Available O ascomiceto Aspergillus nidulans apresenta-se como um excelente sistema para o estudo da recombinação somática, por passar grande parte de seu ciclo celular em G2 e por apresentar mutações uvs que promovem aumento das freqüências normais de recombinação mitótica (uvsF e uvsH. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter uma nova linhagem diplóide de A. nidulans, com características apropriadas para estudos da recombinagênese, tais como: hetererozigose para marcadores nutricionais e de coloração de conidios e homozigose para a mutação uvsH. A maior sensibilidade do diplóide uvsH//uvsH no monitoramento de eventos de recombinação mitótica foi demonstrada através dos mais altos índices de recombinação mitótica espontânea por ele apresentados, em comparação com o diplóide uvsH+//uvsH +. A nova linhagem apresenta-se como uma ferramenta versátil, podendo ser utilizada em diferentes estudos relacionados à recombinação mitótica em A. nidulansAscomycete Aspergillus nidulans is an excellent system for mitotic crossing-over studies. This is due to the fact that much of its cell cycle is passed in G2 and presents uvs mutations that increase frequencies of normal mitotic recombinations (uvsF and uvsH. The aim of this research was to obtain a new diploid strain of A. nidulans with proper characteristics for recombinagenesis investigations, or rather, heterozygous for nutritional markers and conidia coloration and homozygous for uvsH mutation. Higher sensitivity of diploid uvsH//uvsH in the monitoring of mitotic recombination events was shown by higher indexes of the diploid’s spontaneous mitotic recombination when compared with diploid uvsH+//uvsH +. New strain is a versatile tool that may be used in different studies on mitotic recombination in A. nidulans

  7. Impacto dos polimorfismos genéticos SLCO1B1 sobre a hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal: revisão sistemática com metanálise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiebo Liu

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar se três variantes (388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A do membro 1B1 da família de transportadores de ânions orgânicos portadores de solutos (SLCO1B1 se associam à hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal. FONTE DE DADOS: Foi realizada busca na Infraestrutura do Conhecimento Nacional da China e em MEDLINE. A revisão sistemática com metanálise incluiu estudos genéticos que avaliaram a associação entre hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal e as variantes 388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A de SLCO1B1 entre janeiro de 1980 e dezembro de 2012. Foi realizada seleção e extração de dados por dois analistas, de forma independente. SUMÁRIO DOS ACHADOS: Foram incluídos dez artigos no estudo. Os resultados revelaram que SLCO1B1 388 G>A se associa a um aumento do risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal (ORC mostrou baixo risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascido chineses, e não foram encontradas associações importantes no Brasil nem em recém-nascidos caucasianos, asiáticos, tailandeses e malaios. Não houve diferenças significativas da SLCO1B1 463 C>A entre o grupo com hiperbilirrubinemia e o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que a mutação 388 G>A do gene SLCO1B1 é fator de risco para desenvolver hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não em populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias; a mutação SLCO1B1 521 T>C fornece proteção de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não nas populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias.

  8. Geração psicoestimulantes: problemas pedagógicos e políticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giuliana Sorbara

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Ao longo da história médica o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH criaram um verdadeiro engodo do qual o vínculo entre os sintomas de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade culminou no diagnótico de TDAH. A escola revela sua importância no enquadramento disciplinar do corpo posta pela ordem médica em que nada pode estar fora dos padrões estabelecidos . O que não se enquadra logo é encaixado em um diagnóstico e terapêutica deo qual dificilmente a criança se livrará; este ´um fator fudnamental na transformação social que legitimado pela escola em que tudo que escapa fica aprisionado nas malhas da socialização, isto é, as crianças antes de terem podido se formar, tornam-se presas à lógica do capital o que Adorno vem chamar de processo de semiformação. Christoph Türcke (2010 ao falar sobre os choques imagéticos auxilia na compreensão dessa ligação entre TDAH e semiformação, pois para ele o choque de imagens exerce uma fascinação estética que ao fornecer sempre novas imagens penetram em toda a vida cotidiana e do trabalho, estabelecendo um espaço mental em regime de atenção excessiva nesta nova geração. Com isso pode-se dizer que o choque de imagens levou esse regime de atenção total cujo déficit de atenção é um dos sintomas manifestos da sociedade atual. Neste sentido, novos padrões de socialização vão se sedimentando no que se pode denominar de uma mutação subjetiva ligada às imagens, uma mutação no processo de percepção desses sujeitos e desse nova geração.

  9. The fragile x-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome (FXTAS A síndrome de tremor e ataxia associada ao X frágil (FXTAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Pires Capelli

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available FXTAS (Fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome is a late- onset neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly men, over 50 years of age, who are carriers of the FMR1 gene premutation. The full mutation of this gene causes the fragile X syndrome (FXS, the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. Individuals affected by FXTAS generally present intention tremor and gait ataxia that might be associated to specific radiological and/or neuropathological signs. Other features commonly observed are parkinsonism, cognitive decline, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. Nearly a decade after its clinical characterization, FXTAS is poorly recognized in Brazil. Here we present a review of the current knowledge on the clinical, genetic and diagnostic aspects of the disease.A FXTAS (síndrome de tremor e ataxia associada ao X frágil é uma doença neurodegenerativa de início tardio que afeta principalmente homens acima dos 50 anos de idade, portadores de pré-mutação do gene FMR1. A mutação completa desse gene é responsável pela síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF, a causa mais comum de deficiência mental herdada. Indivíduos afetados pela FXTAS geralmente apresentam tremor de intenção e ataxia de marcha que podem estar associados a sinais radiológicos ou neuropatológicos específicos. Outras características comumente observadas são parkinsonismo, declínio cognitivo, neuropatia periférica e disfunções autonômicas. Quase uma década após sua caracterização clínica, a FXTAS é mal conhecida por médicos no Brasil. Esta revisão apresenta o conhecimento atual sobre os aspectos clínicos, genéticos e diagnósticos da síndrome.

  10. QUANDO FOGEM DE MIM NA ESCOLA…

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Madureira

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A Displasia Craniofrontonasal (CFND é uma doença rara ligada ao X, caracterizada por malformações cra- niofaciais graves, paradoxalmente associada a fenótipos mais exuberantes no sexo feminino. Caso Clínico: sexo feminino, pais jovens não consanguí- neos e sem antecedentes familiares relevantes, orientada para a consulta de Pediatria por malformações craniofaciais. Apre- sentava craniossinostose coronal com assimetria craniofacial e braquiturricefalia, fronte alta, larga e proeminente, hipertelorismo acentuado, ponta nasal bífida e baixa implantação dos pavilhões auriculares. Evidência de clinodactilia do 5º dedo e háluces lar- gos. O estudo genético identificou uma mutação frameshift no gene EFBN1 no cromossoma X, confirmando o diagnóstico de CFND. O estudo genético dos pais foi normal (mutação de novo. Foi orientada para a consulta de Genética Médica e de Cirurgia Plástica (rinoplastia e várias cirurgias de correção de hipertelorismo. O desenvolvimento psicomotor foi adequado e após ingresso no 1º ciclo verificaram-se dificuldades na adaptação escolar e relação com os pares, com aproveitamento satisfató- rio. A avaliação psicológica revelou baixa autoestima, ansiedade face à exposição social e dificuldade em lidar com a frustração. Atualmente apresenta dismorfias faciais com correção parcial, escoliose ligeira e miopia/astigmatismo, mantendo seguimento multidisciplinar. Comentários: Os autores pretendem alertar para a existência desta síndrome genética, assim como realçar a necessida- de de uma abordagem multidisciplinar destes casos. A par do tratamento cirúrgico, é fundamental o aconselhamento genético e o acompanhamento psicológico destas doentes, pela baixa autoestima e pelo risco de exclusão social associados a esta síndrome.

  11. Influenza

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Forleo-Neto Eduardo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A influenza (gripe é doença infecciosa aguda de origem viral que acomete o trato respiratório e a cada inverno atinge mais de 100 milhões de pessoas na Europa, Japão e Estados Unidos, causando anualmente a morte de cerca de 20 a 40 mil pessoas somente neste último país. O agente etiológico é o Myxovirus influenzae, ou vírus da gripe. Este subdivide-se nos tipos A, B e C, sendo que apenas os do tipo A e B apresentam relevância clínica em humanos. O vírus influenza apresenta altas taxas de mutação, o que resulta freqüentemente na inserção de novas variantes virais na comunidade, para as quais a população não apresenta imunidade. São poucas as opções disponíveis para o controle da influenza. Dentre essas, a vacinação constitui a forma mais eficaz para o controle da doença e de suas complicações. Em função das mutações que ocorrem naturalmente no vírus influenza, recomenda-se que a vacinação seja realizada anualmente. No Brasil, segundo dados obtidos pelo Projeto VigiGripe - ligado à Universidade Federal de São Paulo -, verifica-se que a influenza apresenta pico de atividade entre os meses de maio e setembro. Assim, a época mais indicada para a vacinação corresponde aos meses de março e abril. Para o tratamento específico da influenza estão disponíveis quatro medicamentos antivirais: os fármacos clássicos amantadina e rimantidina e os antivirais de segunda geração oseltamivir e zanamivir. Os últimos, acrescentam alternativas para o tratamento da influenza e ampliam as opções disponíveis para o seu controle.

  12. A Tradescantia como bioindicador vegetal na monitoração dos efeitos clastogênicos das radiações ionizantes Use of Tradescantia to monitor the clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heloisa de Andrade Carvalho

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available A influência de agentes químicos e físicos (em especial a radiação sobre a freqüência de mutações tem sido amplamente estudada por meio da análise de alterações observadas na Tradescantia, uma planta utilizada como bioindicador dessas alterações. A avaliação das alterações genéticas da Tradescantia pode ser feita tanto pela detecção de mutações somáticas quanto de aberrações cromossômicas induzidas por mutágenos presentes no ar, solo e água. Os resultados apresentados por diversos estudos estimulam o uso da Tradescantia na avaliação dos efeitos das radiações ionizantes. Estudos futuros de mutagenicidade e aberrações cromossômicas também podem ser feitos, por meio da comparação com os efeitos produzidos por outros tipos de radiações, avaliação do efeito da associação da radiação com drogas ou outros agentes químicos, além da biomonitoração de ambientes de alto risco.The influence of chemical and physical agents (specially radiation on the frequency of mutations has been widely studied by means of the analysis of changes observed in Tradescantia, a plant used as a bioindicator. The evaluation of these genetic changes may be performed both by detection of somatic mutations or chromosome abnormalities induced by mutagens that are present in the air, soil, or water. The results obtained from several studies support the use of Tradescantia for monitoring the effects of ionizing radiation. Studies of mutagenicity and chromosomal abnormalities may be carried out in future to compare the effects of other types of radiation, evaluation of the effects of the combined use of radiation and drugs or other chemical agents, and to monitor high risk environments.

  13. Behavioral interactions of penned red and arctic foxes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rudzinski, D.R.; Graves, H.B.; Sargeant, A.B.; Storm, G.L.

    1982-01-01

    Expansion of the geographical distribution of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) into the far north tundra region may lead to competition between arctic (Alopex lagopus) and red foxes for space and resources. Behavioral interactions between red and arctic foxes were evaluated during 9 trials conducted in a 4.05-ha enclosure near Woodworth, North Dakota. Each trial consisted of introducing a male-female pair of arctic foxes into the enclosure and allowing them to acclimate for approximately a week before releasing a female red fox into the enclosure, followed by her mate a few days later. In 8 of 9 trials, red foxes were dominant over arctic foxes during encounters. Activity of the arctic foxes decreased upon addition of red foxes. Arctic foxes tried unsuccessfully to defend preferred den, resting, and feeding areas. Even though the outcome of competition between red and arctic foxes in the Arctic is uncertain, the more aggressive red fox can dominate arctic foxes in direct competition for den sites and other limited resources.

  14. TAHLIL AL-AKHTHA 'INDA MUTA'ALLIMI AL-LUGHAH AL-'ARABIYAH LI AL-NAATHIQIINA BI GHAIRIHA

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    Khalid Khamis Farraj

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available This study is aimed to analyze spelling error of Arabic for non Arabic native in Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences (LIPIA, Indonesia. This study also contributes in developing curriculum of Arabic studies. The sample of this study is 117 students of Syaria Faculty who study in the first semester. They have learnt at Arabic preparation program for two years before. The spelling error which is analyzed include language style and grammar. The procedures of analysis include (1 error identification of Arabic spelling, (2 error description of Arabic spelling, (3 identification of error repetition number and (4 data analysis and findings’ interpretation.DOI: 10.15408/a.v2i1.1517

  15. Subjetividades juveniles: esbozos de resistencia ante la sociedad disciplinaria y la sociedad de control

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    Carolina Roatta Acevedo

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar una reflexión sobre las expresiones de resistencia que se manifiestan mediante una serie de prácticas estéticas y narrativas de un grupo de jóvenespertenecientes al colegio INEM Francisco de Paula Santander, de la localidad Kennedy, que se hacen llamar MAFRA (Movimiento Antifascista Radical Anarco - colectivista. Para ello, se apoya en conceptos como Micropolítica, Biopolítica, Resistencia y Multitud desarrollados por autores como Foucault, Negri, Hardt, Deleuze y Guattari, entre otros. Finalmente, se pregunta por los límites de estas prácticas de resistencia a partir de la figura «la máquina que muta», poniendo como ejemplo el Festival de Rock al Parque.

  16. Influence of gamma-radiation on the biological activity of snake venoms in Peru

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yarleque Ch, A.

    1986-03-01

    Effects of Co-60 gamma radiation on enzymatic, haemorragic and necrotic activities of Lachesis muta and Bothrops atrox venoms was studied at several ranges of irradiation lower than 1.0 Mrad. The radiation produced changes on its enzymatic activities. Irradiation at 0.1 Mrad resulted in the partial or complete inactivation of the following enzymes that are listed in order of increasing sensitivity: exonuclease, phospholipase A, caseinolytic enzyme, thrombinolytic enzyme, fibrinolytic enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase and endonuclease. The enzymatic inactivation was increased with 0.5 and 1.0 Mrad although not in a linear manner. Exonuclease was found to be the most radioresistant. The haemorragic activity was decreased to a greater extent than the necrotic activity. The probable mechanism for the changes in the enzymatic, haemorragic and necrotic activities are discussed

  17. Diastrophic dysplasia: prenatal diagnosis and review of the literature Displasia diastrófica: diagnóstico pré-natal e revisão da literatura

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    Jonathan Celli Honório

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXT Diastrophic dysplasia is a type of osteochondrodysplasia caused by homozygous mutation in the gene DTDST (diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter gene. Abnormalities occurring particularly in the skeletal and cartilaginous system are typical of the disease, which has an incidence of 1 in 100,000 live births. CASE REPORT The case of a pregnant woman, without any consanguineous relationship with her husband, whose fetus was diagnosed with skeletal dysplasia based on ultrasound findings and DNA tests, is described. An obstetric ultrasound scan produced in the 16th week of gestation revealed characteristics that guided the clinical diagnosis. Prominent among these characteristics were rhizomelia of the lower and upper limbs (shortening of the proximal portions and mesomelia (shortening of the intermediate portions. Both upper limbs showed marked curvature, with the first finger of the upper limbs in abduction and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Molecular analysis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR and gene sequencing detected mutations that had already been described in the literature for the gene DTDST, named c.862C > T and c.2147_2148insCT. Therefore, the fetus was a compound heterozygote, carrying two different mutations. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal diagnosis of this condition allowed a more realistic interpretation of the prognosis, and of the couple's reproductive future. This case report shows the contribution of molecular genetics towards the prenatal diagnosis, for which there are few descriptions in the literature. CONTEXTO A displasia diastrófica é uma osteocondrodisplasia causada por mutação homozigótica no gene DTDST (diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter gene. As alterações, principalmente nos sistemas esquelético e cartilaginoso, são típicas dessa doença, que tem uma incidência de 1 em 100.000 nascidos vivos. RELATO DO CASO Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher gestante, sem relação consanguínea com o seu

  18. Survey of wildlife, including aquatic mammals, associated with riparian habitat on the Syncrude Canada Ltd. Aurora Mine environmental impact assessment local study area

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Surrendi, D.C.

    1996-12-31

    A general overview of the wildlife associated with riparian habitats at Syncrude`s proposed Aurora Mine, located 70 km northeast of Fort McMurray, Alberta on the east side of the Athabasca River, was presented. The area is underlain by bitumen and is being considered for bitumen extraction and production of synthetic crude oil. Two surveys were conducted with the help of experienced trappers from the community at Fort McKay. One was an aerial survey on November 3, 1995, the other a ground survey on November 29-30, 1995. The two surveys yielded 248 observed tracks on four 500 metre transects. The study area was comprised of boreal forest with natural drainage via Stanley Creek into the Muskeg River and via Fort Creek into the Athabasca River. Beavers, fox, weasel, mink, rabbit, wolf, moose, deer, ptarmigan, sharp-tailed grouse and ruffed grouse, lynx, coyote, river otter and mice were associated with riparian habitat on the study area. There was no sign of muskrat in the study area. It was concluded that in order to develop an understanding of reclamation alternatives for mined areas in the region, future detailed examination of the site should be approached through the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and conventional scientific methodology. 26 refs., 12 tabs., 2 figs.

  19. Survey of wildlife, including aquatic mammals, associated with riparian habitat on the Syncrude Canada Ltd. Aurora Mine environmental impact assessment local study area

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Surrendi, D.C.

    1996-01-01

    A general overview of the wildlife associated with riparian habitats at Syncrude's proposed Aurora Mine, located 70 km northeast of Fort McMurray, Alberta on the east side of the Athabasca River, was presented. The area is underlain by bitumen and is being considered for bitumen extraction and production of synthetic crude oil. Two surveys were conducted with the help of experienced trappers from the community at Fort McKay. One was an aerial survey on November 3, 1995, the other a ground survey on November 29-30, 1995. The two surveys yielded 248 observed tracks on four 500 metre transects. The study area was comprised of boreal forest with natural drainage via Stanley Creek into the Muskeg River and via Fort Creek into the Athabasca River. Beavers, fox, weasel, mink, rabbit, wolf, moose, deer, ptarmigan, sharp-tailed grouse and ruffed grouse, lynx, coyote, river otter and mice were associated with riparian habitat on the study area. There was no sign of muskrat in the study area. It was concluded that in order to develop an understanding of reclamation alternatives for mined areas in the region, future detailed examination of the site should be approached through the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and conventional scientific methodology. 26 refs., 12 tabs., 2 figs

  20. Mutation of Aspergillus oryzae for improved production of 3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA from L-tyrosine Mutação de Aspergillus orizae para produção melhorada de 3,4-dihidroxi fenil-L-alanina (L-DOPA a partir de L-tirosina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ikram-ul Haq

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Aspergillus oryzae mutant strain UV-7 was further improved for the production of L-DOPA from L-tyrosine using chemical mutation. Different putative mutant strains of organism were tested for the production of L-DOPA in submerged fermentation. Among these putative mutant strains, mutant designated SI-12 gave maximum production of L-DOPA (300 mg L-DOPA.g-1 cells. The production of L-DOPA from different carbon source solutions (So= 30 g.l-1 by mutant culture was investigated at different nitrogen sources, initial pH and temperature values. At optimum pH (pHo= 5.0, and temperature (t=30ºC, 100% sugars were utilized for production and cell mass formation, corresponding to final L-DOPA product yield of 150 mg.g-1 substrate utilized, and maximum volumetric and specific productivities of 125 mg.l-1.h-1, and 150 mg.g-1 cells. h-1, respectively. There was up to 3-fold enhancement in product formation rate. This enhancement is the highest reported in literature. To explain the kinetic mechanism of L-DOPA formation and thermal inactivation of tyrosinase, the thermodynamic parameters were determined with the application of Arrhenius model: activation enthalpy and entropy for product formation, in case of mutant derivative, were 40 k j/mol and 0.076 k j/mol. K for L-DOPA production and 116 k j/mol and 0.590 k j/mol. K for thermal inactivation, respectively. The respective values for product formation were lower while those for product deactivation were higher than the respective values for the parental culture. Therefore, the mutant strain was thermodynamically more resistant to thermal denaturation.A produção de L-DOPA a partir de tirosina pela cepa mutante de Aspergillus orizae UV-7 foi melhorada através de mutação química. Diferentes cepas foram testadas quanto a produção de L-DOPA por fermentação submersa, observando-se que a cepa denominada SI-12 foi a melhor produtora (300 mg de L-DOPA por g de células. A produção de L-DOPA pela cepa

  1. Religiousness Attitude During Adulthood Elderly (Psychology Of Religion Perspectives

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    Muhamad Rifa'i Subhi

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Islam teaches the difference in someone's level of religiosity. The level of human religiosity can change from one moment to another. Humans have evolved a religious life. Including human experience in adulthood elderly in life and face the problems of life. This study focused on the real description of the attitude of religiosity which is owned by the elderly. The study was taken from the students at the boarding school Elderly Islamic boarding school (Pesantren of Roudlotul Muta'allimin Dracik Kramat Batang. The research method used descriptive qualitative approach to straight dialogue (interview of the respondents, namely the students of Elderly Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren. The study results showed that each of the students have the different religious involvement in filling elderly period (retirement. The involvement includes Ritual Involvement, Ideological Involvement, Intellectual involvement, experimental involvement, and consequential involvement.

  2. Maternidade monstruosa em Cornélio Penna

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    Josalba Fabiana Santos

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Através da recorrente metáfora do monstro em Fronteira, Dois romances de Nico Horta e Repouso, Cornélio Penna configura, alegoricamente, o estado de violência que o patriarcalismo engendra. Mães potencialmente destrutivas geram seres que as repetem, mas que são diferentes. Portanto, não as reconhecem e com elas não se identificam. Ícone da criação monstruosa, Frankenstein, de Mary Shelley, é produtivo para uma reflexão a respeito da tensão presente entre criador e criatura que torna impossível fixar a monstruosidade num ou noutro. Num universo em constante mutação, também os seres se tornam mutantes, inapreensíveis e irreconhecíveis. Qualquer idéia de fixidez identitária se revela falsa.

  3. Comunicación empresarial en redes sociales: gestión de contenidos y experiencias

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    Miguel Ángel Nicolás

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available La gestión estratégica de la comunicación corporativa a través de redes sociales se ha convertido en una indiscutible realidad que muta constantemente los modos de relación entre públicos, empresas y organizaciones. En este trabajo exponemos, en primer lugar, un breve análisis de los resultados publicados en estudios nacionales centrados en medir la actividad en redes sociales en España. De estos, recogemos las acciones más comunes que los usuarios declaran realizar así como sus preferencias en relación a las actividades realizadas por las marcas. Finalmente, realizamos un análisis aleatorio de la actividad corporativa de diferentes marcas en distintos entornos sociales permite listar y clasificamos algunos de los tipos de contenidos que podemos encontrar en estos perfiles sociales corporativos.

  4. Citoqueratinas

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    Almeida Jr. Hiram Larangeira de

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available As citoqueratinas (CQ são constituintes do citoesqueleto das células epiteliais, pertencendo aos filamentos intermediários; sua distribuição é específica para cada subtipo de epitélio, permitindo que sejam utilizadas como importantes marcadores de sua diferenciação. Anticorpos monoclonais permitem sua localização nos tecidos e são utilizados no diagnóstico de tumores. Na última década inúmeras mutações foram descritas em seus genes, levando a alteração em sua estrutura molecular, esclarecendo várias enfermidades cutâneas, como epidermólise bolhosa simples (CQ 5 ou 14, hiperqueratose epidermolítica (CQ 1 ou 10, hiperqueratose palmoplantar epidermolítica (CQ 9 e paquioníquia congênita (CQ 6, 16 ou 17.

  5. Deficiência mental e malformações em criança com translocações cromossomicas 5/13 Mental retardation and malformation in a child with 5/13 chromosome translocation

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    Valeriana Moura Ribeiro

    1976-06-01

    Full Text Available Os autores registram um caso raro de retardo mental e malformações físicas em paciente com anormalidades cromossômicas. A análise cromossômica do paciente revelou cariótipo aparentemente equilibrado. Entretanto, são consideradas as possibilidades de que nos eventos de quebra e rejunção dos cromossomos, tenha ocorrido perda de alguns genes para 5p e/ou 13q; mutação gênica ou, ainda, efeito de posições dos segmentos cromossômicos rearranjados.An unusual case of mental retardation and physical malformations with chromosome abnormalities in a 9 year old boy is reported. Chromosomal analy- sis showed either breakage and delation from some gens to 5p and/or 13q; genic mutation or, perhaps, efect of position in re-adjusted chromosomic segments.

  6. Carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão: Polissomia e amplificação do cromossoma 7 e do gene EGRF com forma wild type nos exões 19 e 21

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    Patrícia Couceiro

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Objectivo: O receptor do factor de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR está sobreexpresso na maioria dos carcinomas do pulmão de não pequenas células (CPNPC e é um dos principais alvos específicos dos inibidores da tirosina cinase (TKI utilizados para o tratamento do CPNPC avançado. Apesar disto, há um considerável número de factores biológicos que também estão associados à resposta dos EGFR-TKIs. Este estudo teve como principal objectivo a pesquisa de mutações somáticas e amplificação do EGFR em casos de carcinoma epidermóide do pulmão. Material e métodos: Secções representativas de carcinoma epidermóide foram seleccionadas de 54 casos em que o tecido estava fixado em formal e incluído em parafina, sendo depois submetidos à construção de TMA. A determinação da expressão proteica do EGFR foi feita por imunoistoquímica (IHQ (Zymed, laboratórios. A hibridização in situ de fluorescência (FISH foi realizada com a sonda EGFR LSI / CEP 7 (Vysis; Abbott Molecular, EUA. O ADN genómico foi extraído de 48 casos, amplificado por reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR para pesquisa de mutações nos exões 19 (deleções e 21 (mutações pontuais. Todos os casos expressaram positividade para a citoqueratina de alto peso molecular e foi observada negatividade para CK7, CD56 e cromogranina. Resultados: A sobreexpressão proteica do EGFR foi identificada em 49 casos, pela aplicação do score de Hirsh/ Cappuzzo (2005. A pesquisa de alterações génicas no cromossoma 7 e do gene EGFR foram analisadas por FISH e de acordo com o método de Cappuzzo (2005, foi identificada alta polissomia em 31 casos e amplificação em 7 casos. Por electroforese capilar, foram detectadas no exão 19 do EGFR: deleções em heterozigotia em 3 dos 48 casos estudados e o exão 21 apresentou-se sempre na sua forma wild

  7. METRICAL FEATURES OF THE VENTRAL PART OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN ARCTIC FOX (Alopex lagopus L.

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    WITOLD Brudnicki

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available The research was carried out on 60 mature individuals of arctic foxes (30 males and 30 females. Not only the length of the intestine was assessed, but also its specific parts. The overall length of the intestine in arctic fox amounted to 3,09 m in males and 3,02 m in females. The ratio of the body’s length to the length of the intestine was 1:4,80 in males and 1:4,73 in females. The rate of the large intestine in an overall length of the intestine was 17,26% in males, 17,80% in females.

  8. Rastreio de trombofilia hereditária no contexto de trombose venosa profunda Screening of familiar trombophylia in patients with deep venous thrombosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Mota

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available A trombose venosa profunda é uma doença frequente e importante que se manifesta em indivíduos com factores de risco conhecidos ou desconhecidos. A sua etiopatogenia é multifactorial incluindo factores adquiridos e factores genéticos. Dois tipos de defeitos genéticos podem causar trombose venosa: mutações que resultam em deficiência dos inibidores naturais da coagulação e mutações com aumento do nível/função dos factores da coagulação. O objectivo deste trabalho é referir e discutir as situações em que se deve rastrear a presença de trombofilia hereditária no contexto de um episódio de trombose venosa profunda. Foram relatadas como factor de risco para trombose venosa, por ordem cronológica, a deficiência de antitrombina, deficiência de proteína C e proteína S, factor V Leiden, mutação G20210A do gene da protrombina e os níveis elevados de factor VIII. Apesar da associação entre trombofilia hereditária e o risco de trombose venosa estar bem documentada, o mesmo não ocorre em relação ao risco de recorrência. A única situação em que o risco de recorrência foi documentado foi em doentes jovens com deficiência de inibidores naturais da coagulação no contexto de um primeiro episódio de trombose venosa e/ou uma história familiar positiva para trombose venosa. Actualmente não existe consenso sobre o rastreio de trombofilia hereditária no contexto de trombose venosa profunda. Seria importante que fossem seguidas as guidelines actuais, no sentido de uniformizar a abordagem aos doentes com trombose venosa profunda e facilitar a realização de estudos que permitam elaborar novas guidelines com recomendações baseadas em evidência de elevada qualidade.Deep vein thrombosis is a common and important disease that occurs in individuals with known or unknown risk factors. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and includes genetic and acquired factors. Two types of genetic defects can cause venous thrombosis

  9. Myosin-binding Protein C Compound Heterozygous Variant Effect on the Phenotypic Expression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rafael, Julianny Freitas; Cruz, Fernando Eugênio Dos Santos; Carvalho, Antônio Carlos Campos de; Gottlieb, Ilan; Cazelli, José Guilherme; Siciliano, Ana Paula; Dias, Glauber Monteiro

    2017-04-01

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. It is the major cause of sudden cardiac death in young high-level athletes. Studies have demonstrated a poorer prognosis when associated with specific mutations. The association between HCM genotype and phenotype has been the subject of several studies since the discovery of the genetic nature of the disease. This study shows the effect of a MYBPC3 compound variant on the phenotypic HCM expression. A family in which a young man had a clinical diagnosis of HCM underwent clinical and genetic investigations. The coding regions of the MYH7, MYBPC3 and TNNT2 genes were sequenced and analyzed. The proband present a malignant manifestation of the disease, and is the only one to express HCM in his family. The genetic analysis through direct sequencing of the three main genes related to this disease identified a compound heterozygous variant (p.E542Q and p.D610H) in MYBPC3. A family analysis indicated that the p.E542Q and p.D610H alleles have paternal and maternal origin, respectively. No family member carrier of one of the variant alleles manifested clinical signs of HCM. We suggest that the MYBPC3-biallelic heterozygous expression of p.E542Q and p.D610H may cause the severe disease phenotype seen in the proband. Resumo A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma doença autossômica dominante causada por mutações em genes que codificam as proteínas dos sarcômeros. É a principal causa de morte súbita cardíaca em atletas jovens de alto nível. Estudos têm demonstrado um pior prognóstico associado a mutações específicas. A associação entre genótipo e fenótipo em CMH tem sido objeto de diversos estudos desde a descoberta da origem genética dessa doença. Este trabalho apresenta o efeito de uma mutação composta em MYBPC3 na expressão fenotípica da CMH. Uma família na qual um jovem tem o diagnóstico clínico de CMH foi

  10. Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America

    Science.gov (United States)

    Titus, K.; Fuller, M.R.

    1990-01-01

    Using simple regression, pooled-sites route-regression, and nonparametric rank-trend analyses, we evaluated trends in counts of hawks migrating past 6 eastern hawk lookouts from 1972 to 1987. The indexing variable was the total count for a season. Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), merlin (F. columbarius), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), and Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) counts increased using route-regression and nonparametric methods (P 0.10). We found no consistent trends (P > 0.10) in counts of sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus), northern goshawks (A. gentilis) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), red-tailed hawks (B. jamaicensis), rough-legged hawsk (B. lagopus), and American kestrels (F. sparverius). Broad-winged hawk (B. platypterus) counts declined (P < 0.05) based on the route-regression method. Empirical comparisons of our results with those for well-studied species such as the peregrine falcon, bald eagle, and osprey indicated agreement with nesting surveys. We suggest that counts of migrant hawks are a useful and economical method for detecting long-term trends in species across regions, particularly for species that otherwise cannot be easily surveyed.

  11. Grupos avicaptores del Tardiglaciar : las aves de Berroberria

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    C. Diez Fernandez-Lomana

    1995-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos un estudio sobre marcas de cortes en aves de Berroberria. Los restos proceden de un nivel Magdaleniense superior final datable mediante C14 y con la ayuda de estudios palinológicos y arqueológicos. Los restos avianos pertenecen a la especie Lagopus mutus (perdiz nival y evidencian la caza de esta especie por grupos humanos. El estudio realizado plantea la existencia de poblaciones que recurrían a la caza de aves en épocas del año concretas, las cuales desarrollaron una estrategia de descuartizamiento primario en el lugar de caza y de descarnación en la cavidad. La ausencia de restos avianos quemados, y la minuciosidad en el desmembramiento y deshuesado, implican una búsqueda de carne aviar para un consumo no inmediato. Se postula un acopio de carne, con técnicas de secado y ahumado, para ulteriores necesidades alimenticias, ligadas al encarecimiento de los recursos durante el invierno. Las especies avianas presentes aportan algunas notas sobre las consiciones climáticas que imperaban en la zona.

  12. Response of predators to Western Sandpiper nest exclosures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niehaus, Amanda C.; Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; McCaffery, Brian J.

    2004-01-01

    In 2001, predator exclosures were used to protect nests of the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) in western Alaska. During the exclosure experiment, nest contents in exclosures had significantly higher daily survival rates than control nests, however, late in the study predators began to cue in on exclosures and predate the nest contents. An Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) dug under one exclosure and took the newly hatched chicks, and Long-tailed Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) learned to associate exclosures with active nests and repeatedly visited them. The jaegers attempted to gain access to exclosed nests and pursued adult sandpipers as they emerged from the exclosures. The exclosures were removed to reduce potential mortality to adult and young sandpipers, but subsequently, post-exclosure nests had lower daily survival rates than controls during the same time period. Predation of post-exclosure eggs and chicks highlighted the lasting influence of the exclosure treatment on offspring survival because predators probably remembered nest locations. Researchers are urged to use caution when considering use of predator exclosures in areas where jaegers occur.

  13. Hybridization, mitochondrial DNA phylogeography, and prediction of the early stages of reproductive isolation: lessons from New Zealand cicadas (genus Kikihia).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marshall, David C; Hill, Kathy B R; Cooley, John R; Simon, Chris

    2011-07-01

    One of the major tenets of the modern synthesis is that genetic differentiation among subpopulations is translated over time into genetic differentiation among species. Phylogeographic exploration is therefore essential to the study of speciation because it can reveal the presence of subpopulations that may go on to become species or that may already represent cryptic species. Acoustic species-specific mating signals provide a significant advantage for the recognition of cryptic or incipient species. Because the majority of species do not have such easily recognized premating signals, data from acoustically signaling species can serve as a valuable heuristic tool. Acoustic signals are also convenient tools for recognizing hybridization events. Here, we demonstrate that evidence of hybridization in the form of intermediate song phenotypes is present in many contact zones between species of the New Zealand grass cicadas of the Kikihia muta species complex and that recurring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression has created misleading patterns that make it difficult to identify certain taxa using song or mtDNA alone. In one case, introgression appears to have occurred between allopatric taxa by dispersal of introgressed populations of an intermediary species ("hybridization by proxy"). We also present a comparison of mtDNA-tree- and song-based taxonomies obtained for the K. muta complex. We find that 12 mtDNA candidate species are identified using shifts in phylogenetic branching rate found by a single-threshold mixed Yule-coalescent lineage model, while only 7 candidate species are identified using songs. Results from the Yule-coalescent model are dependent on factors such as the number of modeled thresholds and the inclusion of duplicate haplotypes. Genetic distances within song species reach a maximum at about 0.028 substitutions/site when likely cases of hybridization and introgression are excluded. Large genetic breaks or "gaps" are not observed between some

  14. Hemoglobina C em homozigose e interação com talassemia beta Homozygous hemoglobin C and its interaction with beta thalassemia

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    Ivan L. Angulo

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available A hemoglobina C (Hb C é originária do oeste da África e é detectada por migração lenta na eletroforese alcalina em acetato de celulose. Consiste na mutação do gene da globina beta no códon 6 (GAG-AAG, resultando na substituição do sexto aminoácido da cadeia beta da hemoglobina humana, o ácido glutâmico, pelo aminoácido lisina. A cromatografia de alto desempenho (HPLC separa completamente as frações C e A2, permitindo caracterizar a presença da interação com talassemia beta. Esta entidade (Hb CC, em homozigoze é considerada benigna em relação à doença falciforme, já que a falcização não faz parte de sua fisiopatologia. A raridade do diagnóstico C homozigoto e C talassemia beta nos pacientes portadores de hemoglobinopatias nos alertou para a necessidade de se conhecer melhor e estudar aspectos clínicos e hematológicos dos casos dessa mutação em homozigose e na interação com a talassemia beta no ambulatório de anemias do Centro Regional de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Hemoglobin C (Hb C originated in the west of Africa and is detected by alkaline electrophoresis by slow migration in cellulose acetate. It consists of a mutation of the beta globin gene in codon 6 (GAG-AAG, resulting in a substitution of glutamic acid, the sixth amino acid of the beta string of the human hemoglobin, for lysine. High performance chromatography (HPLC separates the C and A2 fractions completely, allowing the characterization of the presence of interactions with thalassemia beta. This entity (Hb CC is considered benign in respect to sickle cell disease, as sickle cells are not part of its physiopathology. The rarity of the diagnosis of homozygous C and beta thalassemia in patients with hemoglobinopathies showed the necessity of studying clinical and hematologic aspects of the cases of this mutation in homozygosis carriers and the interaction with beta thalassemia in the anemias clinic of the Regional Blood

  15. Os novos nomes do racismo: especificação ou inflação conceptual?

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    Fernando Luís Machado

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Boa parte da vasta produção teórica que a sociologia e outras ciências sociais têm dedicado, nas últimas décadas, à problemática do racismo, especialmente no mundo anglo-saxónico, ao procurar dar conta das mutações de forma e conteúdo que ele sofreu desde as suas primeiras formulações e manifestações práticas, acaba por inflacioná-lo conceptualmente. Neste artigo, em que se analisa esse processo de inflação conceptual, muitas vezes associado a uma extrema ideologização e politização do conceito, tenta fazer-se, ao mesmo tempo, a especificação teórica do racismo, em cada uma daquelas que, consensualmente, se reconhece serem as suas três dimensões constitutivas: ideologia, preconceito e discriminação.

  16. Caracterização de germoplasma de soja e de feijão através de eletroforese de isoenzimas da semente

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    ANTI ANA BEATRIZ

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudadas, através de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, isoenzimas de sementes de plantas de dois cultivares de soja, IAC 6 e IAC 9, e de duas linhagens de feijão da variedade Goiano Precoce, uma com folha lisa e outra com folha rugosa, tendo em vista sua caracterização. Apesar de possuírem um parental em comum, os dois cultivares de soja diferiram entre si com relação aos perfis eletroforéticos de urease, fosfatase ácida, malato desidrogenase e leucina aminopeptidase evidenciando que essa técnica pode ser usada para discriminar outros cultivares de soja; entretanto as duas linhagens de feijão não diferiram entre si nos zimogramas estudados, indicando um grande parentesco e reforçando a hipótese de que a linhagem de folha rugosa poderia ter-se originado da linhagem de folha lisa por mutação de ponto.

  17. William Morris Davis e a Teoria Geográfica

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    Carlos Augusto de Figueiredo Monteiro

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available O autor põe em confronto a proposta teórica do Ciclo Geográfico de W. M. Davis, da virada dos séculos passados (1899 e a famosa crítica sobre a carência de fundamentação científica na Geografia, feita por Fred Schaefer (1953. Este é o ponto de partida para traçar um panorama da evolução da Geografia Física no Brasil, notadamente da Geomorfologia e da Climatologia, ao longo do século XX. Sincronizando a evolução do pensamento geográfico com os grandes acontecimentos mundiais do passado século, o autor destaca o segmento 1968-1973 como o possível ponto de mutação a partir do qual penetramos na Grande Crise Histórica que atravessamos nesta virada dos séculos XX e XXI e o caráter desagregativo da atual Geografia.

  18. Cross-reactivity and phospholipase A2 neutralization of anti-irradiated Bothrops jararaca venom antibodies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spencer, P.J.; Nascimento, N. do; Paula, R.A. de; Cardi, B.A.; Rogero, J.R.

    1995-01-01

    The detoxified Bothrops jararaca venom, immunized rabbits with the toxoid obtained and investigated cross-reactivity of the antibodies obtained against autologous and heterelogous venoms was presented. It was also investigated the ability of the IgGs, purified by affinity chromatography, from those sera to neutralize phospholipase. A 2 , an ubiquous enzyme in animal venoms. Results indicate that venom irradiation leads to an attenuation of toxicity of 84%. Cross-reactivity was investigated by ELISA and Western blot and all venoms were reactive to the antibodies. On what refers to phospholipase A 2 activity neutralization, the antibodies neutralized autologous venoms efficiently and, curiously, other venoms from the same genus were not neutralized, while Lachesis muta venom, a remote related specier, was neutralized by this serum. These data suggest that irradiation preserve important epitopes for induction of neutralizing antibodies and that these epitopes are not shared by all venoms assayed. (author). 8 refs, 2 figs, 3 tabs

  19. A CENTRALIDADE DO TRABALHO E A TROCA ORGÂNICA ENTRE HOMEM E NATUREZA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andre André Luis Amorim de Oliveira

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Dentro do contexto da Terceira Revolução Industrial, marcada pela crise estrutural do capital, a centralidade do trabalho permanece sendo uma referência importante no que tange à compreensão histórica geográfica do papel da força de trabalho frente às mutações impostas pelo capital. Este artigo procura resgatar (e contribuir com alguns elementos importantes no que se refere à centralidade do trabalho num momento decisivo em que o capital tem exigido, cada vez mais, novos aparatos de gestão da força de trabalho, o que significa a ampliação da precarização do trabalho. Apresentamos também como elemento importante deste contexto uma aproximação do debate sobre a relação entre homem e natureza, considerando a centralidade do entendimento sobre o trabalho e sua polissemia.

  20. Qotd, por @umairh: a inteligência coletiva no Twitter

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    Renata Lemos

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o uso inovador do site de microblogging Twitter, como um espaço de dinâmicas sociais de inteligência coletiva e de articulação de design colaborativo internacional de idéias em tempo real. Tendo a etnografia digital como base metodológica, foi efetuada a observação do processo de evolução de comunidades internacionais móveis a partir do entrelaçamento social permitido pelas funcionalidades e aplicativos do Twitter. A dinâmica qotd de inteligência coletiva, elaborada por Umair Haque, serve de referência principal à análise das implicações práticas e teóricas das redes de interação multimodal dentro do Twitter, apontando para as mutações contemporâneas das estratégias de sociabilidade, na direção de uma transcultura de dimensões globais, articulada através das redes sociais.

  1. Molecular approaches for bacterial azoreductases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montira Leelakriangsak

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Azo dyes are the dominant types of synthetic dyes, widely used in textiles, foods, leather, printing, tattooing, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Many microorganisms are able to decolorize azo dyes, and there is increasing interest in biological waste treatment methods. Bacterial azoreductases can cleave azo linkages (-N=N- in azo dyes, forming aromatic amines. This review mainly focuses on employing molecular approaches, including gene manipulation and recombinant strains, to study bacterial azoreductases. The construction of the recombinant protein by cloning and the overexpression of azoreductase is described. The mechanisms and function of bacterial azoreductases can be studied by other molecular techniques discussed in this review, such as RT-PCR, southern blot analysis, western blot analysis, zymography, and muta-genesis in order to understand bacterial azoreductase properties, function and application. In addition, understanding the regulation of azoreductase gene expression will lead to the systematic use of gene manipulation in bacterial strains for new strategies in future waste remediation technologies.

  2. Evaluación comparativa de dos métodos para determinar la actividad de fosfolipasa A en venenos de serpientes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fanny Lazo

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Se ha evaluado la actividad de fosfolipasa A en seis venenos de serpientes comparando las ventajas de un método espectrofotométrico, previamente adaptado a nuestras condiciones de laboratorio, frente al método macroscópico de retardo en la coagulación de una emulsión lipoproteica. En ambos casos, la actividad de fosfolipasa A estuvo presente en los venenos de Micrurus spixii, Crotalus durissus, Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta y Bothrops atrox y la actividad decreció en orden. En cambio, la actividad de la enzima en el veneno de Micrurus surinamensis sólo fue detectada por el método espectrofotométrico. Así mismo, los resultados basados en la cantidad de veneno utilizado para medir la actividad, mostraron una mayor sensibilidad con el método espectrofotométrico en comparación con el método macroscópico ya que se requirieron cantidades menores en el orden de 2 a 10 veces.

  3. O CONCEITO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO, OS MEDIA E OPRAH WINFREY: QUE RELAÇÃO?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Margarida Santos Dionísio de Azevedo

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo com este ensaio é analisar a evolução diacrónica do conceito de representação e suas diversas áreas de influência, mais concretamente nos media. Nessa abordagem foram contempladas as questões sociais e culturais a ela inerentes, assim como os produtos televisivos em análise. Com essa contextualização delineia-se um conceito de representação específico, aliado a uma personagem televisiva que faz parte do quotidiano da sociedade americana e, também, mundial. Trata-se de Oprah Winfrey e, consequentemente, do seu talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show. Pretendese demonstrar as várias facetas do conceito de representação, assim como sua aplicação prática a produtos televisivos como marcos de uma cultura sempre em mutação – Oprah Winfrey como um ícone cultural, comunicativo e sociológico.

  4. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Salmonella spp. / Mecanismos de resistência às quinolonas em Salmonella spp.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Salmonellosis is a common and widespread zoonotic disease of humans and a frequent cause of foodborne disease. Treatment of severe and systemic salmonellosis is usually done with fluoroquinolones. In this review resistance mechanisms of Salmonella to quinolones are discussed. Single point mutations in the quinolone resistant determining region (QRDR of the gyrA gene may be sufficient to generate high levels of resistance to non-fluorated quinolones and also may decrease the fluoroquinolones susceptibility. Other resistance mechanisms that should be considered are mutations in parC gene, the possibility of acquiring resistance through plasmidial transference and hyper-expression of efflux pumps. Fluoroquinolones resistance is still relatively uncommon in Salmonella compared to other species belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the more careful use of fluoroquinolones in veterinary and human medicine is essential to decrease the selective pressure which can avoid the emergence and spread of resistant clones and consequently maintain the clinical efficacy of this group of antibiotics.A salmonelose é uma zoonose de importância mundial e uma das mais freqüentes doenças de origem alimentar. As fluoroquinolonas são a principal opção para o tratamento de salmoneloses graves ou sistêmicas. Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo apresentar os principais mecanismos envolvidos na resistência de Salmonella spp a estes antimicrobianos. Mutações de ponto na Região Determinante de Resistência à Quinolona (QRDR do gene gyrA podem gerar altos níveis de resistência a quinolonas não-fluoradas, além de reduzir a suscetibilidade as fluoroquinolonas. Outros mecanismos de resistência que também precisam ser considerados são as mutações no gene parC, a possibilidade do envolvimento de plasmídios de resistência e o sistema de efluxo ativo. A resistência às fluoroquinolonas ainda é incomum em Salmonella spp., quando

  5. Progressão de policitemia Vera para leucemia mieloide aguda

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    Marcelo Gil Cliquet

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A Policitemia Vera (PV é um distúrbio clonal caracterizado pela hiperplasia de células hematopoiéticas, com acúmulo de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas. A mutação pontual JAK2 V617F parece ser o evento inicial da doença, presente em mais de 95% dos pacientes. Com a evolução da doença, há risco de progressão para leucemia mieloide aguda/ síndrome mielodisplásica (LMA/SMD. A transformação leucêmica pode ser espontânea em razão da idade, estágio da doença, estado imunológico ou associada com a terapia citoredutora, principalmente quando se usa alquilantes. Objetivo: Relatar o caso e um paciente com diagnóstico de PV há 19 anos com evolução para LMA há 8 meses. Métodos: As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro fotográfico de exames e revisão da literatura. Relato: Paciente masculino, 81 anos, hipertenso, teve diagnóstico de PV em 1997, segundo critérios da OMS. No hemograma, concentração de hemograma(Hb de 18,2 g/dl, Heritrócito de 58,5%, leucócitos(leuc = 18.100/mm3 e plaquetas(plt = 64.800/mm3. Apresentava esplenomegalia a 4cm do rebordo costal esquerdo, fraqueza, cansaço e edema em membros inferiores. Paciente foi tratado com Hydroxiureia. O exame molecular de sangue periférico, em 2013, constatou a presença de mutação JAK2 (Val617Phe. Em Março de 2016, apresentou leuc de 86.400/mm3, plt de 152.000, Hb de 10,4g/dl. A imunofe- notipagem confirmou diagnóstico de LMA e o tratamento com Aracytin 20mg SC por sete dias foi iniciado. O paciente evoluiu com piora do estado geral, fraqueza, e infecção em membro inferior, vindo a falecer. Conclusão: Deve- se lembrar sobre a possibilidade da evolução da PV para LMA, mesmo em pacientes em tratamento por longos períodos em uso de hidroxiureia.

  6. Laboratorial diagnosis of fragile-X syndrome: experience in a sample of individuals with pervasive developmental disorders Diagnóstico laboratorial da síndrome do cromossomo X frágil: experiência em uma amostra de indivíduos com distúrbios invasivos do desenvolvimento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Steiner

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Fragile X syndrome is a frequent genetic disease associated to developmental disorders, including learning disability, mental retardation, behavioral problems and pervasive developmental disorders (autism and related conditions. We studied a sample of 82 individuals (69 males and 13 females presenting with pervasive developmental disorders using three techniques for the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome (FXS. Cytogenetic analysis detected the fragile site in four males, but only one showed a consistent positive rate. Molecular study based on the PCR technique was inconclusive for most females (92.3%, which where latter submitted to Southern blotting analysis, and for one male (1.4%, excluding the FRAXA mutation in the remaining male individuals (98.6%. Molecular tests using the Southern blotting technique confirmed only one positive case (1.2% in a male subject. These results showed that Southern blotting analysis of the FRAXA mutation has the best sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of FXS but also validated the PCR technique as a confinable screening test.A síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF é uma doença genética freqüente associada a distúrbios do desenvolvimento neurológico, incluindo dificuldades de aprendizagem, retardo mental, problemas comportamentais e distúrbios invasivos do desenvolvimento (autismo e correlatos. Estudamos uma amostra de 82 indivíduos (69 homens e 13 mulheres apresentando distúrbios invasivos do desenvolvimento, utilizando três técnicas para o diagnóstico da SXF. A análise citogenética detectou a presença do sítio frágil em quatro homens, porém apenas um deles com percentagem consistente. O estudo molecular baseado na técnica da PCR foi inconclusivo para a maioria das mulheres (92,3%, as quais foram posteriormente submetidas a análise por Southern blotting, e para um homem (1,4%, excluindo a mutação FRAXA nos demais homens (98,6%. O teste molecular usando a técnica de Southern

  7. Legitimidade espacial: uma discussão sobre mutação e permanência das estruturas espaciais urbanas

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    NORMA LACERDA

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Oobjetivo deste ensaio é mostrar como certos processos de verticalização -particularmente naquelas áreas das cidades que passaram a ser suportes físicos de significações compartilhadas e, portanto, se transformaram em espaços simbólicos para os habitantes que as edificaram- provocam o desaparecimento de urna determinada organizado espacial urbana, abalando de modo expressivo os principios que regem as práticas sociais desses habitantes, inclusive aquelas relativas à apropriação (vivência espacial. Assim sendo, trabalha-se com a hipótese de que esses processos de verticalização não São espacialmente legítimos. As referências teóricas vém, notadamente, de Norberto Bob-bio e Max Weber. Para desvendar, empiricamente, a existencia dessa hipótese, elegeu-se o conjunto urbano de Casa Forte, localizado na cidade do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil.The aim of this essay is to demonstrate how specific processes of verticalization -particularly those in urban areas that become physkal supports for shared meanings and are, as such, transformed into symbol spaces for the inhabitants that built them- lead to the disappearance of a particular urban spatial organization, thereby clearly affecting the principles that govern the social practices of these inhabitants, including those related to spatial appropriation (experience. The hypothesis that is put forwards that these processes of verticalization are not spatially legitimate. The theoretical references are principally derived from Norberto Bobbio and Max Weber. Empirical evidence to support this hypothesis is provided from the Casa Forte neighborhood in the city of Recife, North East Brazil.

  8. Impact of wild herbivorous mammals and birds on the altitudinal and northern treeline ecotones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Wild herbivorous mammals may damage treeline vegetation an cause soil erosion at a local scale. In many high mountain areas of Europe and North America, large numbers of red deer have become a threat to the maintenance of high-elevation forests and attempts to restore the climatic treeline. In northern Fennoscandia, overgrazing by reindeer in combination with mass outbreaks of the autumnal moth are influencing treeline dynamics. Moose are also increasingly involved damaging treeline forest. In the Alps, the re-introduction of ibex is causing local damage to subalpine forests and tree establishment above the forest limit as well as aggravating soil erosion. High-elevation forests and treeline in Europe are susceptible to the deleterious impact of wild ungulate populations because of former extensive pastoral use. Rodents may damage tree seedlings and saplings by girdling, root cutting, bark stripping and burrowing. Hares damage young trees by gnawing. Large numbers of small rodents may occasionally impede tree regeneration by depleting the seed sources. Rodents do not contribute to forest expansion beyond the current treeline. Among birds, nutcrackers are highly effective in influencing tree distribution patterns and treeline dynamics. Without the nutcracker caching of stone pine seeds any upward advance of the trees in response to climatic warming would be impossible. Some bird species such as black grouse, willow grouse and ptarmigan can impair tree growth by feeding on buds, catkins and fresh terminal shoots.

  9. Proceedings of MUTA 2006, the 4. international forum on urban mobility and advanced transportation : alternative energies for the automobile; Actes du colloque MUTA 2006, le 4. forum international sur la mobilite urbaine et les transports avances : alternatives energetiques dans l'automobile

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-07-15

    Clean modes of transport were highlighted at this forum with particular reference to the needs of transport operators in meeting urban mobility targets. The constraints facing the delivering of goods in urban centres were identified along with political and financial incentives that can promote research and innovation in the transportation sector. Other topical issues included mass transportation as a means to achieve clean and efficient mobility; the leadership role of governments in establishing policies for sustainable transportation; intelligent transportation systems and their many applications; and, transportation solutions presented by electric vehicles. The technological developments required to meet the needs of buses, tramways and trucks were also identified along with some of the technical and societal barriers to the development of special urban vehicles, such as small delivery vehicles for local transport. New collaborative projects aimed at improving buses and delivery vehicles were highlighted with reference to future prospects for individualized urban mobility. Regulations and incentives that would contribute to fewer cars in urban environments were discussed in terms of the challenge created by the public's resistance to change. Methods to overcome bad habits and to optimize modal transport were recommended. Funding tools for transport innovation in France, Europe and elsewhere were highlighted along with case studies of research and development projects in urban transport. New developments and applications in batteries and hybrid technology for automotive propulsion systems were reviewed. refs., tabs., figs.

  10. Entre a heterogênese e o mercado: Barbies Olímpicas, Pitboys e Cyborgs

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    Sandra Maria Lúcia Pereira Gonçalves

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo reflete sobre questões pertinentes ao individuo contemporâneo que tem nas performances corporais uma das formas de produzir identidade. Parte-se da definição do corpo como o do mutante; mutações proporcionadas pela tecnociência. Diferentemente dos modernos, corpo e sujeito hoje estão sujeitos a inúmeras identificações ao longo da vida, proporcionadas majoritariamente pelos media. O Brasil sofre uma “mestiçagem”: o corpo, através de uma aliança com a tecnociência, no fluxo das modas disseminadas via media, se mistura aos aparatos tecnológicos, às próteses. A mulher anunciada pelos media não cabe na morenidade, ela é a Barbie. Surge como contrapartida a esse modelo de mulher, um modelo de homem, o Pitboy. Ambos, na busca do corpo perfeito tornam-se híbridos entre organismo e máquina, cyborgs. Diferentes autores comparecem na construção do quadro a ser exposto.

  11. Vilém Flusser: entre a tradução como criação de si e a pós-tradução

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    Márcio Seligmann- Silva

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Os textos de Vilém Flusser aqui referidos perpassam seus conceitos de tradução, elucidando seu olhar através do panorama contemplado por um construtor de pontes, aquele que possibilita a troca, ou seja, o ir e vir. Alguns desses conceitos, presentes também na obra benjaminiana, encontram em Flusser o fomento necessário, incorporam-se, entrelaçam-se, completam-se e evoluem, muitas vezes ressignificando-se. Flusser assinala que estamos em uma era pós-reprodução e, sendo assim, na cultura da pós-tradução, elevando, assim, o indivíduo pós-histórico, moldado além da tradição benjaminiana e romântica, antes por ele mesmo absorvida. Segundo ele, a era das imagens eletrônicas agregou mutações e novos problemas ao tradutor, porém o próprio Flusser percebeu e absorveu essas oscilações.

  12. Vilém Flusser: entre a tradução como criação de si e a pós-tradução

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Seligmann- Silva

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Os textos de Vilém Flusser aqui referidos perpassam seus conceitos de tradução, elucidando seu olhar através do panorama contemplado por um construtor de pontes, aquele que possibilita a troca, ou seja, o ir e vir. Alguns desses conceitos, presentes também na obra benjaminiana, encontram em Flusser o fomento necessário, incorporam-se, entrelaçam-se, completam-se e evoluem, muitas vezes ressignificando-se. Flusser assinala que estamos em uma era pós-reprodução e, sendo assim, na cultura da pós-tradução, elevando, assim, o indivíduo pós-histórico, moldado além da tradição benjaminiana e romântica, antes por ele mesmo absorvida. Segundo ele, a era das imagens eletrônicas agregou mutações e novos problemas ao tradutor, porém o próprio Flusser percebeu e absorveu essas oscilações.

  13. Freqüência do gene Miostatina (GDF-8 em rebanhos brasileiros da raça Marchigiana Frequency of myostatin gene (GDF-8 in Marchigiana herds in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.S. Teixeira

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Identificou-se e determinou-se a freqüência do gene miostatina (GDF-8 normal e mutante em rebanhos Marchigiana, em 377 bovinos da raça Marchigiana, criados nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. Identificaram-se 37,9% de animais normais, 55,2% de portadores e 6,9% homozigotos afetados para musculatura dupla. Estes resultados indicam que os criadores têm interesse na característica musculatura dupla, promovendo, ainda que aleatoriamente, selecão a favor da mutação.The frequency of the normal myostatin gene (GDF-8 and the mutant allele in Marchigiana herds was detected. Three hundred and seventy-seven animals of Marchigiana breed raised in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil, were tested. The results showed that 37.9% were homozygous normal animals, 55.2% heterozygous and 6.9% homozygous double muscling. The results suggest the interest of the breeders in having interest in the character double muscling, randomly promoting, the selection in favor of the mutation.

  14. Novas tecnologias, antigos mitos: apontamentos para uma definição operatória de imaginário tecnológico

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    Erick Felinto

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Investigação sobre as mutações históricas sofridas pelo conceito de imaginário e elaboração de uma definição para a noção de imaginário tecnológico. Por meio dessa noção, analisa os discursos da cibercultura e identifica sua contaminação por um desejo religioso da transcendência. Por fim, sugere uma crí­tica dos mitos utópicos da cibercultura, interpretados no âmbito de um processo de fetichização da tecnologia. Palavras-chave imaginário, tecnologia, comunicação, cibercultura, mito Abstract The article investigates the transformations underwent by the concept of imaginary throughout history and elaborates a definition for the notion of technological imaginary. By means of this notion, it analyzes cyberculture's discourse and denounces its contamination by a religious longing for transcendence. Lastly, it suggests a critique of cyberculture's utopist myths, which are interpreted as a process of fetishization of technology. Key words imaginary, technology, communication, cyberculture, myth

  15. Você conhece esta síndrome? Do you know this syndrome?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Moritz Trope

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de ectrodactilia, displasia ectodérmica e fenda lábio-palatina (EEC corresponde a uma rara anomalia genética congênita, de herança autossômica dominante, penetrância e expressividade variáveis, associada à mutação no cromossomo 7 ou translocação entre cromossomos 7 e 9, determinada essencialmente pelas características que a denominam. Relata-se caso de paciente de 35 anos, acometido por estigmas sindrômicos, desde o nascimento, com história familiar e sem fenda lábio-palatina.Ectrodactyly - ectodermal dysplasia - cleft lip/palate syndrome (EEC is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, with variable expression and penetrance. This congenital disorder is associated either with a mutation in chromosome 7 or with a translocation between chromosomes 7 and 9, reflected primarily in the abnormalities listed in its name. This case report describes a 35-year-old male with syndromic stigmata since birth and no cleft lip/palate. Four relatives are also affected by the condition.

  16. Coexistencia de variantes HIV-1 com insercao dipeptidica no gene da transcriptase reversa

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    Aline Aki Tanikawa

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta comunicação foi descrever a detecção de coexistência de variantes HIV-1 com inserções de dois aminoácidos entre os códons 69 e 70 da transcriptase reversa. Tais variantes foram isoladas de paciente do sexo masculino, 16 anos de idade, em tratamento no interior do estado de São Paulo. Após confirmação de falha terapêutica, foi realizado teste de resistência a antirretrovirais, a partir do qual foram detectadas duas variantes contendo inserções dos aminoácidos Ser-Gly/Ser-Ala no códon 69 da transcriptase reversa, além da mutação T69S. Tais inserções possuem baixa prevalência, não foram relatadas em caráter de coexistência no Brasil e estão relacionadas com a resistência a múltiplas drogas, tornando o achado relevante do ponto de vista epidemiológico.

  17. Síndrome de Hallervorden Spatz: achados na resonância magnética. Relato de caso

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    Farage Luciano

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de Hallervorden-Spatz é afecção neurodegenerativa, autossômica recessiva com duas apresentações clínicas: precoce e tardia. Esta última é caracterizada pelo acometimento psiquiátrico e a presença de sinais piramidais e extrapiramidais. Relatamos o caso de mulher de 41 anos, com história de alterações extrapiramidais. O exame de ressonância magnética (RM mostrou o sinal dos olhos-de-tigre, lesão dos globos pálidos mediais com deposição de ferro periférica (hipo-sinal e gliose central (hipersinal, nas seqüências com tempo de repetição (TR longo. Há forte relação entre o sinal na RM e mutações no gene responsável pela lesão, fazendo deste exame sensível o suficiente para a realização do diagnóstico da doença.

  18. A fully integrated optical detector with a-Si:H based color photodiodes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Watty, Krystian; Merfort, Christian; Seibel, Konstantin; Schoeler, Lars; Boehm, Markus [Institute for Microsystem Technologies (IMT), University of Siegen, Hoelderlinstr. 3, 57076 Siegen (Germany)

    2010-03-15

    The fabrication of an electrophoresis separation microchip with monolithic integrated excitation light source and variospectral photodiodes for absorption detection is presented in this paper. Microchip based separation techniques are essential elements in the development of fully integrated micro-total analysis systems ({mu}-TAS). An integrated microfluidic device, like an application specific lab-on-microchip (ALM) (Seibel et al., in: MRS Spring Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 2005 1), includes all components, necessary to perform a chemical analysis on chip and it can be used as a stand-alone unit directly at the point of sampling. Variospectral diodes based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) technology allow for advanced optical detection schemes, because the spectral sensitivity of the devices can be tailored to fit the emission of specific fluorescent markers. Important features of a-Si:H variospectral photodiodes are a high dynamic range, a bias-tunable spectral sensitivity and a very good linearity for the separation of mixed color signals. Principle of ALM device. (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

  19. A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A NOVA CIDADANIA

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    Daiane Londero

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A globalização trouxe consigo diversos dilemas à sociedade e a economia. Transformações surgiram, dentre elas o conceito de cidadania. A ruptura do Estado-nação traz um novo conflito a essa concepção: O impacto dos processos de globalização sobre a perda de autonomia do Estado, em especial para proteger os direitos dos cidadãos e regular agentes e dinâmicas sociais e econômicas que tendam a escapar das fronteiras nacionais. Além disso, as modificações ocorridas na consciência de indivíduo e coletividade se transformam incessantemente, como é o caso da União Européia, na qual o cidadãonacional passou a incorporar a noção de cidadão-europeu. Muito há que ser analisado sobre essas mutações, mas a priori, se observa que essa apreciação fugiu aos moldes até então vigentes.

  20. Aspectos moleculares da anemia falciforme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galiza Neto Gentil Claudino de

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available No presente artigo abordaram-se vários aspectos relacionados à natureza molecular da anemia falciforme, desordem hematológica de caráter hereditário que acomete expressivo número de indivíduos em várias regiões do mundo. As pesquisas realizadas em torno desta patologia da hemácia, ao longo de quase um século, a partir de 1910, cooperaram para a criação de um novo e importante segmento da ciência, denominado biologia molecular. A descoberta dos polimorfismos da mutação (GAT->GTG no gene que codifica a cadeia beta da hemoglobina, originando diferentes haplótipos da doença, permitiu um melhor e mais amplo conhecimento em torno da heterogeneidade clínica nos pacientes falcêmicos. Analisando a hemoglobina na sua estrutura normal e mutante, sua produção e evolução, pode-se ter um entendimento mais completo da fisiopatologia desta doença e da sua complexidade clínica.

  1. Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamins A and E, and carotenoids in six canid and four ursid species at four zoos.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crissey, S; Ange, K; Slifka, K; Bowen, P; Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M; Langman, C; Sadler, W; Ward, A

    2001-01-01

    Nutritional status for six captive canid species (n=34) and four captive ursid species (n=18) were analyzed. The species analyzed included: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), gray wolf (Canis lupus), maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baleiyi), red wolf (Canis rufus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), polar bear (Ursus maritimus), spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), and sun bear (Ursus malayanus). Diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (Brookfield Zoo, Fort Worth Zoo, Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, and North Carolina Zoological Park). The nutritional composition of the diet for each species at each institution met probable dietary requirements. Blood samples were collected from each animal and analyzed for vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)(2)D, vitamin A (retinol, retinyl stearate, retinyl palmitate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol) and selected carotenoids. Family differences were found for 25(OH)D, retinol, retinyl stearate, retinyl palmitate and gamma-tocopherol. Species differences were found for all detectable measurements. Carotenoids were not detected in any species. The large number of animals contributing to these data, provides a substantial base for comparing the nutritional status of healthy animals and the differences among them.

  2. Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vozdova, Miluse; Kubickova, Svatava; Cernohorska, Halina; Fröhlich, Jan; Rubes, Jiri

    2016-01-01

    Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  3. Arctic foxes, lemmings, and canada goose nest survival at cape Churchill, Manitoba

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reiter, M.E.; Andersen, D.E.

    2011-01-01

    We examined factors influencing Canada Goose (Branta canadensis interior) annual nest success, including the relative abundance of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) den occupancy, nest density, and spring phenology using data collected during annual Canada Goose breeding area surveys at Cape Churchill, Manitoba. Nest density and arctic fox den occupancy strongly influenced Canada Goose nest success. High nest density resulted in higher nest success and high den occupancy reduced nest success. Nest success was not influenced by lemming abundance in the current or previous year as predicted by the "bird-lemming" hypothesis. Reducing arctic fox abundance through targeted management increased nest survival of Canada Geese; a result that further emphasizes the importance of arctic fox as nest predators in this system. The spatial distribution of nest predators, at least for dispersed-nesting geese, may be most important for nest survival, regardless of the abundance of small mammals in the local ecosystem. Further understanding of the factors influencing the magnitude and variance in arctic fox abundance in this region, and the spatial scale at which these factors are realized, is necessary to fully explain predator-prey-alternative prey dynamics in this system. ?? 2011 by the Wilson Ornithological Society.

  4. Heterogeneity of Soil and Vegetation in the Urban Habitats of New Industrial Cities in the Desert Landscape of Egypt

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monier Abd EL-GHANI

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The relationship between vegetation and soil supporting the habitats in 4 new industrial cities were assessed. Five main habitats were distinguished from inner city toward outskirts: lawns, home gardens, public gardens, waste lands and desert outskirts. After application of Twinspan, 26 vegetation groups were identified in the 5 recognized habitats, demonstrating that some groups are chatracteristic of a certain city, e.g. Asphodelus aestivus - Deverra tortuosa - Thymelaea hirsuta group was confined to the desert habitat of Burg El-Arab city; Thymelaea hirsuta - Linaria albifrons and Atriplex halimus - Atriplex lindleyi subsp. inflata - Suaeda vermiculata - Typha domingensis groups were found in the waste lands of Burg El-Arab city; Conyza bonariensis - Cynodon dactylon - Sonchus oleraceus group in the home garden habitat of 10th Ranadan city; Cynodon dactylon group in the lawns of Burg El-Arab city; Bassia indica - Plantago major group in the public gardens of Burg El-Arab city; Oxalis corniculata - Plantago lagopus group in the public gardens of 10th Ramadan city; Sonchus oleraceus - Cynodon dactylon and Dactyloctenium aegyptium - Leptochloa fusca - Phragmites australis groups in the public gardens of 6th October city. Silt, clay, organic matter, carbonates and carbon contents showed significant diffrences among the 5 habitats.

  5. Emission Changes Dwarf the Influence of Feeding Habits on Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Two Arctic Top Predators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Routti, Heli; Aars, Jon; Fuglei, Eva; Hanssen, Linda; Lone, Karen; Polder, Anuschka; Pedersen, Åshild Ø; Tartu, Sabrina; Welker, Jeffrey M; Yoccoz, Nigel G

    2017-10-17

    We monitored concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in relation to climate-associated changes in feeding habits and food availability in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) (192 plasma and 113 liver samples, respectively) sampled from Svalbard, Norway, during 1997-2014. PFASs concentrations became greater with increasing dietary trophic level, as bears and foxes consumed more marine as opposed to terrestrial food, and as the availability of sea ice habitat increased. Long-chained perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) in arctic foxes decreased with availability of reindeer carcasses. The ∼9-14% yearly decline of C 6-8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) following the cease in C 6-8 PFSA precursor production in 2001 indicates that the peak exposure was mainly a result of atmospheric transport of the volatile precursors. However, the stable PFSA concentrations since 2009-2010 suggest that Svalbard biota is still exposed to ocean-transported PFSAs. Long-chain ocean-transported PFCAs increased 2-4% per year and the increase in C 12-14 PFCAs in polar bears tended to level off since ∼2009. Emerging short-chain PFASs showed no temporal changes. Climate-related changes in feeding habits and food availability moderately affected PFAS trends. Our results indicate that PFAS concentrations in polar bears and arctic foxes are mainly affected by emissions.

  6. Pre- and post-construction studies of conflicts between birds and wind turbines in coastal Norway (BirdWind)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bevanger, K.; Berntsen, Finn; Clausen, Stig; Dahl, E.L.; Flagstad, Oe.; Follestad, A.; Halley, Duncan; Hanssen, Frank; Johnsen, L.; Kvaloey, P.; Lund-Hoel, P.; May, Roel; Nygaard, T.; Pedersen, H.C.; Reitan, O.; Roeskaft, E.; Steinheim, Y.; Stokke, B.; Vang, R.

    2011-07-01

    The BirdWind project (2007-2010) is now concluded. This report summarises the main findings. Several scientific papers are in the process of preparation for publication in international peer re-view journals; this report only provides a brief overview. The main project objective has been to study species-, site- and seasonal-specific bird mortality; and to identify vulnerable species and site-specific factors that should be considered to improve the basis for future pre- and post construction EIAs in connection with wind power-plant constructions. To reach these goals work pack-ages and sub-projects have focused on behavioural and response studies at individual and population levels, for selected model species. The white-tailed eagle has been a focal species during the studies, as several fatalities were recorded in connection with the Smoela Wind-Power Plant (SWPP) even before the project started; the SWPP has been the main arena for project fieldwork. Modelling the WTE collision risk and making a WTE population model were important elements of the project activities. The development of methodologies and technical tools for data collection and mitigating measures has also been an important part of the project. For practical convenience the project was divided into eight sub projects focusing on 1) bird mortality, 2) willow ptarmigan, 3) breeding waders and smaller passerines, 4) white-tailed eagle, 5) bird radar, 6) mitigating technology, 7) data flow and storage systems and 8) GIS, visualization and terrain modelling. Results and preliminary conclusions related to each of these sub tasks are reported. (Author)

  7. A revolução verde e a biologia molecular The green revolution and the molecular biology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Santos Henriques

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available No virar deste século foram identificados os genes responsáveis pela redução da estatura das variedades de trigo e de arroz que possibilitaram a chamada Revolução Verde dos anos sessenta. Mais recentemente, foi demonstrado que esta alteração da arquitectura das plantas resulta da ausência da acção das giberelinas, as hormonas responsáveis pelo alongamento dos entre-nós dos caules, mas enquanto que no trigo a redução da estatura das plantas foi o produto de mutações com ganho de função que interferem com a sequência de transdução das giberelinas, no caso do arroz resultou de uma mutação com perda de função que impede a síntese daquelas hormonas. Embora as giberelinas sejam por excelência as hormonas responsáveis pelo alongamento dos caules das plantas, é referido o caso de um mutante de milho em que a redução de altura é provocada por uma diminuição na disponibilidade de auxinas. Estas e outras descobertas da biologia molecular vêm municiar a nova revolução requerida na agricultura para que possa satisfazer a procura mundial crescente de alimentos, sob a pressão de uma expansão contínua de culturas para produção de energia.At the turn of this century, the genes responsible for the height reduction of the wheat and rice varieties that made possible the so-called Green Revolution of the 1960s were identified. More recently, it has been shown that this change in plant architecture results from a lack of gibberellin effects, the hormones that cause the internode elongation of stems, but whereas in wheat the reduction in size was accounted for by a gain of function mutation that interfere with the signalling pathway of the gibberellins, in the rice resulted from a loss of function mutation that prevents the synthesis of those hormones. Although gibberellins are the major hormones responsible for stem elongation, it is discussed a maize mutant in which the height reduction is caused by a decrease in auxin

  8. Amplificação gênica alelo-específica na caracterização das hemoglobinas S, C e D e as interações entre elas e talassemias beta Allele-specific genic amplification in the characterization of hemoglobins S, C, D and interactions among them and with beta thalassemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciane Cristina Bertholo

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As hemoglobinopatias resultam de alterações hereditárias, sendo prevalentes em muitas regiões do mundo, mas atingem a população brasileira de forma significativa. Elas são decorrentes de alterações em genes estruturais responsáveis pelo aparecimento das hemoglobinas variantes e/ou em genes reguladores, resultando nas talassemias. A identificação dessas patologias tem sido rotineiramente realizada por procedimentos eletroforéticos, contudo nossa experiência laboratorial evidencia que as mesmas nem sempre apresentam resoluções suficientes para a correta caracterização da mutação. CASUÍSTICAS E MÉTODOS: O propósito deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma metodologia válida para a caracterização das hemoglobinas S, C e D em homozigose ou heterozigose, e suas possíveis interações, baseada na amplificação gênica alelo-específica (PCR-AE com a utilização de primers sense, antisense e primers que se acoplam na posição do alelo mutante e na respectiva posição do alelo normal. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os resultados evidenciaram a validade dessa metodologia na caracterização das mutações, sendo esse procedimento de fácil realização, reprodutível e possível de ser aplicado em um significativo número de amostras.BRACKGROUND: The hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary hemoglobin disorders in worldwide distribution, affecting Brazilian population significantly; they are decurrent of alterations in structural genes, responsible for hemoglobin variants, and/or in regulatory genes, resulting the thalassemia. These disorders have been identified in most cases by electrophoretics procedures, and our laboratory experience points out that sometimes they do not obtain enough resolution for a right characterization of mutation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The objective of this study was to establish a valid laboratory methodology for the characterization of hemoglobins S, C and D in homozygous or heterozygous and

  9. Transgênicos e evolução dirigida Transgenics and controlled evolution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Lúcio de Azevedo

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available Os eventos de mutação são responsáveis pela geração de variabilidade genética nas populações, permitindo a ação da seleção natural que favorece os tipos mais adaptados. A exploração dessa variabilidade, embora de forma empírica, teve início há cerca de dez mil anos, quando se deu a domesticação das primeiras culturas agrícolas. Com o advento da genética, práticas racionais de seleção passaram a ser adotadas visando o melhoramento genético de plantas, animais e microrganismos de interesse para o homem. Recentemente, surgiram as técnicas de manipulação de DNA, permitindo a transferência de genes entre organismos, transpondo barreiras de cruzamento entre os reinos vegetal, animal, protista e fungi. A geração dos organismos geneticamente modificados, ou transgênicos, tem sido alvo de polêmica e discussão nos diversos segmentos da sociedade. Porém, não se deve generalizar o uso dos transgênicos, pois cada um deve ser analisado quanto às suas vantagens, desvantagens e contribuição à melhoria da qualidade de vida. Métodos recentes de mutação e recombinação gênica in vitro são também apresentados no texto.Mutation events are responsible for the generation of genetic variability in the populations enabling the occurrence of natural selection which favors the better-adapted types. The exploitation of this variability, though carried out empirically, dates from ten thousand years ago with the domestication of the first cultivated crops. With the advent of genetics, rational selection procedures were adopted with a view to the genetic breeding of plants, animals and microorganisms which might be of interest to men. Recently, new DNA manipulation techniques came up enabling the transference of genes between organisms, cutting across barriers which hindered crossings between the vegetable, animal, protist and fungus kingdoms. The generation of genetically modified organisms, or transgenics, has aroused a

  10. \\"Estudo de mutações nos genes HOXA1 e HOXB1 em pacientes com síndrome de Moebius\\"

    OpenAIRE

    Lineu Perrone Junior

    2007-01-01

    A Síndrome de Moebius é caracterizada principalmente pela falta de mobilidade dos músculos da face e abdução dos olhos, conferindo ao paciente um aspecto de face em máscara devido a um comprometimento na formação das estruturas neuromusculares. A sua causa primária permanece desconhecida e várias teorias foram propostas, entre elas a teoria genética. Nesse sentido, o gene HOXB1 localizado no cromossomo 17 é um possível candidato à alteração, uma vez que em modelo animal, quando esse gene está...

  11. Enfartes Esplénicos – quando a etiologia é multifactorial: Mutação do gene MTHFR e Trombocitose Essencial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Pereira

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Essential thrombocythemia (ET is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disease associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events in up to 50% of all patients. In patients with hyperhomocysteinemia associated with MTHFR mutation in homozigozity, the risk for thrombotic events is increased in 1-2%. Therefore, the coexistence of these two clinical entities causes an exponential rise in the risk for ischemic phenomena. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male, a smoker with previously known dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular disease was admitted to our hospital for epigastric and left hypochondrium pain for two months. Imagiological studies showed splenomegaly and several lesions suggestive of splenic infarction. Laboratory studies revealed leukocytosis (12900/μL, thrombocythemia (570x103/μL, reduced folic acid levels (0.90 ng/mL and hyperhomocysteinemia (42.5 μmol/L. MTHFR c.677C>T mutation was positive (homozygous. His bone marrow showed characteristics suggestive of ET and JAK2 V612F was positive (heterozygous with bcr-abl mutation negative. Aspirine and hydroxyurea were started as well as vitaminic supplementation, with good response. DISCUSSION: The present case reflects the association between two unusual clinical entities, in which thrombotic phenomena are very common, particularly in the vascular territorries involved in this patient. We highlight the importance of a quick diagnosis and treatment, the main keys for a survival rate similar to the general population.

  12. DINÂMICAS SÓCIO-ESPACIAIS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DA GRNADE VITÓRIA-ES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucy Oliveira Freire

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available O processo de urbanização brasileira revela que são muitas as mudanças, as quais resultam em uma nova configuração sócio-espacial, desta vez, atendendo diferentes interesses e novos agentes que vislumbram a inserção na economia globalizada. No âmbito das novas tendências e mutações, verifica-se uma metropolização que acirra exclusão social, provoca uma maior mobilidade sócio-espacial seletiva, orienta investimentos públicos e privados excluindo lugares da metrópole, acirra a violência urbana e provoca maior degradação ambiental, dentre outros ditos problemas urbanos, constituindo-se numa problemática metropolitana. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho objetiva entender e analisar a reorganização do espaço urbano da cidade de Vitória-ES, e em especial a nova fase do processo de urbanização, expressando-se por uma metropolização de caráter desigual. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dinâmica urbana, área  metropolitana, globalização.

  13. Mapping vortex-like hydrodynamic flow in microfluidic networks using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ke Liu; Yu Tian; Burrows, Sean M.; Reif, Randall D. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061 (United States); Pappas, Dimitri, E-mail: d.pappas@ttu.edu [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061 (United States)

    2009-09-28

    The ability to quickly measure flow parameters in microfluidic devices is critical for micro total analysis system ({mu}TAS) applications. Macrofluidic methods to assess flow suffer from limitations that have made conventional methods unsuitable for the flow behavior profiling. Single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been employed in our study to characterize the fluidic vortex generating at a T-shape junction of microscale channels. Due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the corresponding magnitudes relative to different flow rates in the main channel can be quantitatively differentiated using flow time ({tau}{sub F}) measurements of dye molecules traversing the detection volume in buffer solution. Despite the parabolic flow in the channel upstream, a heterogeneous distribution of flow has been detected across the channel intersection. In addition, our current observations also confirmed the aspect of vortex-shaped flow in low-shear design that was developed previously for cell culture. This approach not only overcomes many technical barriers for examining hydrodynamic vortices and movements in miniature structures without physically integrating any probes, but it is also especially useful for the hydrodynamic studies in polymer-glass based micro -reactor and -mixer.

  14. Assay of new systems in vivo mutagenesis for determining the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bauluz, C.; Sierra, I.; Martin, L.; Real, A.; Vidania, R. de

    1997-01-01

    Ionizing radiation reacts directly and indirectly with the genetic material in living cells and produces DNA damage. Processing of this damage by correcting enzymes may result in appearing of mutations which, in turn, may lead to carcinogenesis. We have focused on the determination of in vivo mutagenesis induced after exposure to X-rays, aiming at establishing methods to evaluate the effect of low doses of radiation. In vivo mutagenesis has been addressed in the Muta Mouse model that carries a lacZ marker gene and provides a relatively simple assay of appearance of mutations. Mutation frequencies were determined in the lacZ gene copies recovered from mice irradiated with 1Gy or 4Gy of X-rays, acute or fractionated. Liver, spleen and bone marrow DNA samples were isolated at different times after irradiation, ranging from 1 day to 2 months, and evolution of mutations was studied. Results showed different responses depending on the organ and especially on the time of analysis, suggesting that the mutagenic process in vivo is much more complex than previously deduced from in vitro experiments. Therefore, determination of the relationship between dose and mutagenic effect in vivo will require additional studies. (author)

  15. Incidence Assessment of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms in Iranian Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asghar Ebadifar

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Background and aims. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of MTHFR C677 T and A1298C muta-tions in Iranian patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Materials and methods. We screened 61 Iranian patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate for mutations in the two alleles of MTHFR gene associated with cleft lip and/or palate: A1298C and C677T, using Polymerase Chain Reaction following by RFLP. Results. The 677T and 1298C homozygote genotypes showed a frequency of 36.1% and 11.4%, respectively. Combined genotype frequencies in newborns having oral clefts showed that the highest genotype was 677TT/1298AA (22.9% and 677TT/1298CC genotypes were not observed. Conclusion. The results showed that 65.6% of all patients had at least one T mutant allele in C677T and 58.9% C mutant allele for A1298C. According to the frequencies of homozygosity of mutant alleles, it could be said that MTHFRgenotype of 677TT shows a greater role in having oral clefts.

  16. A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS AMBIENTES NO PROCESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Ewing Archibald Macintyre

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as dificuldades que as empresas brasileiras encontram, no processo de internacionalização, para identificar, analisar, entender e se adaptar às mutações dos seus diversos ambientes. Segundo Kotabe e Helsen (1998, “uma organização que quer se internacionalizar deve ter bem definidas algumas estratégias: o mercado/produto-alvo; os objetivos do mercado-alvo; as estratégias de entrada em novos mercados; a hora de entrar; o plano de marketing mix e o sistema de controle a ser utilizado para monitorar a performance nos novos mercados”. Muitas empresas brasileiras adentram o mercado internacional sem realmente conhecer o que vão encontrar pela frente, daí o insucesso de inúmeras tentativas de internacionalização. De acordo com Kotler (2000, p.158, "as empresas bem-sucedidas têm visões do ambiente interno e externo de seus negócios. Elas reconhecem que o ambiente de marketing está constantemente apresentando novas oportunidades e ameaças e compreendem a importância de continuamente monitorar e se adaptar ao ambiente".

  17. Identification and functional analysis of a novel bradykinin inhibitory peptide in the venoms of New World Crotalinae pit vipers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    James Graham, Robert Leslie; Graham, Ciaren; McClean, Stephen; Chen, Tianbao; O'Rourke, Martin; Hirst, David; Theakston, David; Shaw, Chris

    2005-01-01

    A novel undecapeptide has been isolated and structurally characterized from the venoms of three species of New World pit vipers from the subfamily, Crotalinae. These include the Mexican moccasin (Agkistrodon bilineatus), the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis), and the South American bushmaster (Lachesis muta). The peptide was purified from all three venoms using a combination of gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Automated Edman degradation sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry established its peptide primary structure as: Thr-Pro-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Asp-Val-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH, with a non-protonated molecular mass of 1063.18 Da. A synthetic replicate of the peptide was found to be an antagonist of bradykinin action at the rat vascular B2 receptor. This is the first bradykinin inhibitory peptide isolated from snake venom. Database searching revealed the peptide to be highly structurally related (10/11 residues) with a domain residing between the bradykinin-potentiating peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide domains of a recently cloned precursor from tropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom gland. BIP thus represents a novel biological entity from snake venom

  18. Computer simulations for biological aging and sexual reproduction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DIETRICH STAUFFER

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available The sexual version of the Penna model of biological aging, simulated since 1996, is compared here with alternative forms of reproduction as well as with models not involving aging. In particular we want to check how sexual forms of life could have evolved and won over earlier asexual forms hundreds of million years ago. This computer model is based on the mutation-accumulation theory of aging, using bits-strings to represent the genome. Its population dynamics is studied by Monte Carlo methods.A versão sexual do modelo de envelhecimento biológico de Penna, simulada desde 1996, é comparada aqui com formas alternativas de reprodução bem como com modelos que não envolvem envelhecimento. Em particular, queremos verificar como formas sexuais de vida poderiam ter evoluído e predominado sobre formas assexuais há centenas de milhões de anos. Este modelo computacional baseia-se na teoria do envelhecimento por acumulação de mutações, usando 'bits-strings' para representar o genoma. Sua dinâmica de populações é estudada por métodos de Monte Carlo.

  19. Moment-to-moment changes in feeling moved match changes in closeness, tears, goosebumps, and warmth: time series analyses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schubert, Thomas W; Zickfeld, Janis H; Seibt, Beate; Fiske, Alan Page

    2018-02-01

    Feeling moved or touched can be accompanied by tears, goosebumps, and sensations of warmth in the centre of the chest. The experience has been described frequently, but psychological science knows little about it. We propose that labelling one's feeling as being moved or touched is a component of a social-relational emotion that we term kama muta (its Sanskrit label). We hypothesise that it is caused by appraising an intensification of communal sharing relations. Here, we test this by investigating people's moment-to-moment reports of feeling moved and touched while watching six short videos. We compare these to six other sets of participants' moment-to-moment responses watching the same videos: respectively, judgements of closeness (indexing communal sharing), reports of weeping, goosebumps, warmth in the centre of the chest, happiness, and sadness. Our eighth time series is expert ratings of communal sharing. Time series analyses show strong and consistent cross-correlations of feeling moved and touched and closeness with each other and with each of the three physiological variables and expert-rated communal sharing - but distinctiveness from happiness and sadness. These results support our model.

  20. Formação do gestor escolar no contexto do desenvolvimento das teorias curriculares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arilene Maria Soares de Medeiros

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo objetiva discutir a formação do gestor escolar no contexto do desenvolvimento das teorias curriculares. Faz-se uma breve incursão pelas diferentes perspectivas de currículo, seguindo os rastros da teoria tradicional às teorias críticas. A análise mostra que o currículo, ao constituir-se em espaço que abriga representações diversas, adquire condições concretas de possibilitar, dentro dos espaços de formação, alterações e mutações teórico-metodológicas que possam auxiliar no reconhecimento de que a educação não simplesmente reproduz discursos conservadores da realidade social, mas produz novos discursos, sendo, portanto, capaz de criar novos espaços de atuação política dos indivíduos. Enfim, a formação do gestor escolar não dispensa a competência técnica, nem o compromisso político-ético para o enfrentamento dos novos desafios sociais da contemporaneidade.

  1. Competências em educação: conceito e significado pedagógico

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    Isabel Simões Dias

    Full Text Available O conceito de competência e a reflexão sobre o seu significado pedagógico assumem um papel de destaque na investigação em Educação a nível nacional e internacional. Este artigo procura enquadrar e definir o conceito de competência no contexto educativo, fazendo alusão à relação entre o construtivismo e uma abordagem por competências no processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Recorrendo a investigações multidisciplinares nacionais e internacionais, este estudo pretende constituir-se como um contributo para o entendimento do significado pedagógico do conceito de competências. Procura dados para reflectir acerca da intervenção educativa numa escola pluralista, multifacetada e em constante mutação. A educação é uma forma de intervenção no mundo, que solicita sujeito(s aprendente(s, acção e contextos específicos. Esta mobilização dos recursos pessoais para uma resposta efectiva numa situação particular ocorre autonomamente quando se proporcionam oportunidades para a sua construção.

  2. Status and biology of ringed seals (Phoca hispida in Svalbard

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    Christian Lydersen

    1998-06-01

    water prior to weaning. They are capable of diving for up to 12min and dive to the bottom of the study areas (max. 89 m. Nursing females spend more than 80% of their time in the water. Maximum recorded dive duration for mothers was 21.2 min. In order to produce a weaned pup, the net energy expenditure for a ringed seal mother is 1,073 MJ. This energy value corresponds to the consumption of 185 kg of polar cod or 282 kg of P. libellula. The annual gross energy consumption for adult males and females is calculated to be 5,600 MJ and 7,300 MJ, respectively. The main predators of ringed seals in Svalbard are polar bears (Ursus maritimus and Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus. In addition, both glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus are documented as predators of ringed seals in this area. Heavy predation pressure is probably the main factor explaining why pups of this species start diving at such a young age, why they have access to so many breathing holes (8.7 on average and why they keep their white coat long after its thermoregulatory properties have vanished. Pollution levels in ringed seals from Svalbard are, generally speaking, similar to levels in other areas of the Arctic.

  3. Association of wintering raptors with Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program grasslands in Pennsylvania

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilson, A.; Brittingham, M.; Grove, G.

    2010-01-01

    Conservation grasslands can provide valuable habitat resource for breeding songbirds, but their value for wintering raptors has received little attention. We hypothesized that increased availability of grassland habitat through the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) has resulted in an increase or redistribution in numbers of four species of raptors in Pennsylvania since 2001. We tested this by analyzing winter raptor counts from volunteer surveys, conducted from 2001 to 2008, for Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus), and American Kestrels (Falco sparverius). During that period, numbers of wintering Northern Harriers increased by more than 20% per year. Log-linear Poisson regression models show that all four species increased in the region of Pennsylvania that had the most and longest-established conservation grasslands. At the county scale (N= 67), Bayesian spatial models showed that spatial and temporal population trends of all four species were positively correlated with the amount of conservation grassland. This relationship was particularly strong for Northern Harriers, with numbers predicted to increase by 35.7% per year for each additional 1% of farmland enrolled in CREP. Our results suggest that conservation grasslands are likely the primary cause of the increase in numbers of wintering Northern Harriers in Pennsylvania since 2001. ?? 2010 The Authors. Journal of Field Ornithology ?? 2010 Association of Field Ornithologists.

  4. Sand Floor for Farmed Blue Foxes: Effects on Claws, Adrenal Cortex Function, Growth and Fur Properties

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    Leena Ahola

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Farmed blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus are traditionally housed on mesh floors where they are unable to perform certain species-specific behaviours, such as digging, which may compromise the animals' welfare. This study describes how a possibility to use in-cage sand floor affects welfare-related variables like growth of the claws, adrenal cortex function, and fur properties in juvenile blue foxes. The foxes (N=32 were housed in male-female sibling pairs in an outdoor fur animal shed in cage systems consisting of two traditional fox cages. For the eight male-female sibling pairs of the Control group, there was a mesh floor in both cages of each cage system, whereas for the eight pairs of the Sand group there was a mesh floor in one cage and a 30–40 cm deep earth floor in the other cage. The results show that sand floor is beneficial for the wearing of the claws of foxes. Furthermore, an early experience of sand floor may have positive effects on the foxes' fur development. The results, however, also suggest that there might appear welfare problems observed as disturbed claw growth and increased adrenal cortex activation if foxes that are once provided with clean and unfrozen sand floor are not allowed to enjoy this floor all the time.

  5. METODELE GENETICII MOLECULARE CA INSTRUMENTE PENTRU AMELIORAREA OVINELOR

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    JÁVOR A.

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Autorii au prezentat pe scurt proiectele lor de cercetare din ultimii 10 ani îndomeniul geneticii moleculare la oaie. S-au realizat investigaţii asupra receptoruluide melatonină 1a (Mel1A ca genă candidat care influenţează sezonalitateareproducţiei la oaie. Cercetările s-au efectuat pe trei rase, şi anume Awassi,Merinos prolific maghiar şi Ţigaie. La aceste rase s-au determinat poziţiilemutaţiilor genelor în funcţie de secvenţa d referinţă a GeneBank nr. U14109. Întotal, la cele trei rase s-au identificat un număr de 16 polimorfisme nucleotidicesingulare (SNP. Exonul II a genei Mel1A este puternic polimorfic. Şase din SNPidentificaţi produc modificări ale aminoacizilor din proteina care poate fi cauzamodificărilor funcţiei şi/sau construcţiei receptorului de melatonină. Studiul se vacontinua pentru a investiga cele trei rase pentru mutaţiile funcţionale, construireade haplotipuri şi asocierile dintre haplotipuri şi activitatea ovariană extrasezon. Oaltă abordare o reprezintă studiul de caz a programului maghiar de ameliorarefolosind berbeci importanţi din rasa Booroola. În Europa, Ungaria a fost prima ţarăcare a importat berbeci şi oi din rasa Merinos Booroola, pe baza cărora s-a formato nou rasă Merinos Prolific Maghiar, recunoscută în 1992. În concluzia studiilor depână acum, rezultatele au arătat că rata ridicată de ovulaţie la castă rasă esteprodusă de mutaţia receptorului genei BMPR-1B. Eficienţa programului deameliorare dea creşte frecvenţa alelei FecB în această populaţie de ovine a fostîntârziată de aplicarea anterioară a metodelor improprii de clasificare genotipică.Un proiect mai amplu al echipei de cercetători este acela de a estima diferenţelegenetice dintre variatele tipuri de oi Ţigaie şi Ţurcană din Estul, Centrul şi SudulEuropei. În prezent, în cadrul institutului se derulează următoarele proiecte decercetare: cartografierea locilor

  6. Aprendizado e memória Learning and memory

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    Paul Lombroso

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available A memória é dividida de duas grandes formas: explícita e implícita. O hipocampo é necessário para a formação das memórias explícitas, ao passo que várias outras regiões do cérebro, incluindo o estriado, a amígdala e o nucleus accumbens, estão envolvidos na formação das memórias implícitas. A formação de todas as memórias requer alterações morfológicas nas sinapses: novas sinapses devem ser formadas ou antigas precisam ser fortalecidas. Considera-se que essas alterações reflitam a base celular subjacente das memórias persistentes. Consideráveis avanços têm ocorrido na última década em relação a nossa compreensão sobre as bases moleculares da formação dessas memórias. Um regulador-chave da plasticidade sináptica é uma via de sinalização que inclui a proteína-quinase ativada por mitógenos (MAP. Como essa via é necessária para a memória e o aprendizado normais, não é surpreendente que as mutações nos membros dessa via levem a prejuízos no aprendizado. A neurofibromatose, a síndrome de Coffin-Lowry e a de Rubinstein-Taybi são três exemplos de transtornos de desenvolvimento que apresentam mutações em componentes-chave na via de sinalização da proteína-quinase MAP.Memory is broadly divided into declarative and nondeclarative forms of memory. The hippocampus is required for the formation of declarative memories, while a number of other brain regions including the striatum, amygdala and nucleus accumbens are involved in the formation of nondeclarative memories. The formation of all memories require morphological changes of synapses: new ones must be formed or old ones strengthened. These changes are thought to reflect the underlying cellular basis for persistent memories. Considerable advances have occurred over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular bases of how these memories are formed. A key regulator of synaptic plasticity is a signaling pathway that includes the mitogen

  7. Os Orçamentos Participativos em Itália: Uma ‘ponte’ para a construção do Novo Município

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    Giovanni Allegretti

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available A geografia das experiências de Orçamento Participativo (OP na Itália – uma geografia em rápido processo de mutação, dentro de um panorama que começa a encontrar no tratamento corrente dos temas económico-financeiros, um ‘nódulo duro’ de inovação política. O gradual ‘reposicionamento’ dos OP italianos insere‑se no âmbito de um processo crítico/formativo mais vasto, que envolve as instituições e a sociedade civil em percursos complementares, que põem em dúvida o “domínio não discutido” dos factores económicos na sociedade hodierna e a ‘natureza’ com que são impostas muitas constrições, que hoje vinculam as administrações locais. Neste panorama, a acção da Rede do Novo Município transforma-se num espaço central para a interconexão das diferentes experiências entre si e para o relacionamento com outras ‘campanhas’ que visam defender a autonomia e a capacidade projectiva e de inovação das administrações locais.

  8. MODY, a história de dois irmãos...porque o raro também acontece!

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    Andreia Filipa Miranda Mota

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY é um tipo de diabetes mellitus não insulino-dependente, sem insulinorresistência ou disfunção autoimune das células β pancreáticas. Apresenta história familiar e início antes dos 25 anos. Prevalência estimada de 1-4% dos doentes diabéticos pediátricos. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um rapaz, previamente saudável, cuja clínica de hiperglicemia em jejum fez diagnóstico inicial de diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Após conhecimento do diagnóstico de MODY na irmã da linhagem materna, não convivente, procedeu-se ao estudo genético, tendo-se identificado uma mutação em heterozigotia no gene GCK. A elevada suspeição clínica, habitualmente suportada pela história familiar sugestiva, é o primeiro passo para o correto diagnóstico. No entanto, a necessidade de exames complementares dispendiosos e morosos e a sua prevalência dificultam o seu diagnóstico, impossibilitando desde o início a otimização da terapêutica e do prognóstico, bem como o aconselhamento genético.

  9. O risco familiar de câncer de mama: a psicanálise diante da pesquisa genética

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    Luciane Loss Jardim

    Full Text Available A Pesquisa Genética está definitivamente na pauta da ciência deste século. Em poucas ocasiões, porém, foi analisada sob a ótica da psicanálise. Este trabalho assume a perspectiva de abordar o risco familiar de câncer de mama pelo viés psicanalítico. Para tal, avalia a posição de quatro mulheres que se submeteram à pesquisa genética desenvolvida, em nível regional, pelo Instituto da Mama do Rio Grande do Sul, vinculado ao Banco Nacional de DNA, com o intuito de verificar a ocorrência de mutação genética responsável pelo câncer de mama hereditário. Aborda as influências tecnológicas na subjetividade e a posição do sujeito frente à hereditariedade, à herança e à enfermidade. Este trabalho de pesquisa é parte de um estudo denominado “Estudo psicanalítico do adoecer de câncer de mama” que , por sua vez fez parte do projeto mais amplo designado como Projeto do Banco Nacional de DNA, executado junto ao Ministério da Saúde.

  10. Evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis for the quality control of complex biologic samples: Application to snake venoms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kpaibe, André P S; Ben-Ameur, Randa; Coussot, Gaëlle; Ladner, Yoann; Montels, Jérôme; Ake, Michèle; Perrin, Catherine

    2017-08-01

    Snake venoms constitute a very promising resource for the development of new medicines. They are mainly composed of very complex peptide and protein mixtures, which composition may vary significantly from batch to batch. This latter consideration is a challenge for routine quality control (QC) in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we report the use of capillary zone electrophoresis for the development of an analytical fingerprint methodology to assess the quality of snake venoms. The analytical fingerprint concept is being widely used for the QC of herbal drugs but rarely for venoms QC so far. CZE was chosen for its intrinsic efficiency in the separation of protein and peptide mixtures. The analytical fingerprint methodology was first developed and evaluated for a particular snake venom, Lachesis muta. Optimal analysis conditions required the use of PDADMAC capillary coating to avoid protein and peptide adsorption. Same analytical conditions were then applied to other snake venom species. Different electrophoretic profiles were obtained for each venom. Excellent repeatability and intermediate precision was observed for each batch. Analysis of different batches of the same species revealed inherent qualitative and quantitative composition variations of the venoms between individuals. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. A política penal de drogas proibidas nos EUA e Brasil: uma breve introdução histórica / Penal policy and illegal drugs in USA and Brazil: a brief introduction

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    Vitor Stegemann Dieter

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O discurso das drogas proibidas passa por mutações antes de depois da década de sessenta. Antes todo possuidor era tratado como delinquente, porém com o consumo das classes médias surge o discurso médico-jurídico. Médico para os consumidores, jurídico para vendedores. O Brasil importou tal problemática promulgando a lei 11.343/06 que cria um tratamento mais rígido às drogas, em relação ao traficante, e menos rígido em relação ao usuário. Palavras-chave: tráfico de drogas; discurso médico-jurídico; criminalização das drogas Abstract The discourse of illegal drugs has passed through a series of mutations seen before and after the sixties. Before, mere possession lied to a criminal treatment, but with the consumption of middle and upper classes the discourse changes to a medical-legal treatment. Brazil imported this issue from oversea, promulgating the law 11.343/06 which establishes a hard punishment on dealing and less rigid treatment to users. Keywords: drug trafficking; medical-legal discourse; drug criminalization

  12. "A cultura é a inversão da vida". Velhice, juventude e política nos idos do “maio de 1968”

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    Alarcon Agra do Ó

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available

    “Maio de 68”, em incontáveis séries enunciativas, passa por ser a explicitação de uma fratura no tempo e nas relações sociais – inclusive nas relações que os indivíduos mantêm consigo mesmos –, ela se condensando no gesto que ilumina e legitima os corpos jovens, ao mesmo tempo lançando para as sombras os corpos vincados pela idade. Procuro, neste artigo, pensar algumas nuances desse cenário, a partir de um ponto de vista interessado em explorar contornos da experiência histórica da velhice no Brasil contemporâneo. É o que tenho feito, aliás, nos últimos anos: pensar experiências históricas tentando encontrar nelas tensões que relaciono à mutação demográfica e cultural que marca o ocidente nos últimos cem anos, e que é geralmente descrita como a intensificação quantitativa e qualitativa da velhice.

  13. Histeria ainda hoje, por quê?

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    Dayse Santos Costa

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Estudo teórico que teve o propósito de discutir a histeria na contemporaneidade, considerando as mudanças culturais que podem ter acorrido desde a fundação da psicanálise até hoje. A discussão teve como cerne os apontamentos de Charles Melman, posto que seja um psicanalista que vem pensando a posição do sujeito nas condições da cultura ocidental atual. Foram destacados aspectos que nos conduziram a elaborar um pensamento em torno de como a neurose histérica aparece no contexto contemporâneo. Partimos do princípio de que sofremos uma mutação cultural, na qual passamos de uma cultura propensa à neurose para uma propensa à perversão. Tal concepção determina que lidamos com sujeitos que funcionam sob a ordem de uma nova economia psíquica e que em decorrência assistimos a expressão de uma histeria coletiva que, por sua vez, seria espaço de reivindicação dos sujeitos, a fim de requisitar um paradeiro e reinventar um pai que já esteja destituído.

  14. A América Latina nos modelos geopolíticos modernos: da marginalização à preocupação com sua autonomia

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    Heriberto Cairo

    Full Text Available Este artigo procura entender as transformações nas formas de inserção da América Latina no contexto de eras geopolíticas, buscando explicitar suas causas e, sobretudo, suas conseqüências, no contexto da nova geopolítica contemporânea, em que a região se desloca de uma posição marginal ou passiva para assumir contornos próprios de autonomia, às vezes marcados como zonas de perigo. A análise ultrapassa a simples posição da região na geopolítica Ocidental e baseia-se num exercício de uma geopolítica do conhecimento. Para tanto, o autor resgata as principais contribuições da literatura sobre processos de continuidade de ordens geopolíticas permeadas de mutações, identificando as sucessivas eras geopolíticas de John Agnew que, grosso modo, se correlacionam com as ordens geopolíticas existentes: a geopolítica naturalizadora, do início do século XX; a era pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, da geopolítica ideológica; e a formação de uma nova era geopolítica com o fim da Guerra Fria.

  15. Síndrome de Bloom: relato de dois casos

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    Aline Salmito Frota

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Síndrome de Bloom é uma doença autossômica recessiva caracterizada por eritema telangiectásico em face, fotossensibilidade e retardo de crescimento pré e pós-natal. A mutação do gene BLM, traz uma instabilidade cromossômica importante, responsável pelas manifestações da síndrome e pela maior susceptibilidade a neoplasias. Há um registro mundial de pacientes com um total de 255 casos, sendo 16 do Brasil. Diante da raridade da síndrome, apresentamos o caso de duas irmãs, filhas de pais consanguíneos, ambas com baixa estatura, apresentando máculas eritematosas com telangiectasias em nariz e região perioral, micrognatismo, dolicocefalia, hipoplasia malar, face triangular, nariz proeminente, máculas hipocrômicas e manchas café com leite em tronco e membros inferiores. O diagnóstico é clínico e pode ser confirmado por citogenética. Os portadores apresentam fenótipo típico com telangiectasias em áreas fotoexpostas. Ainda não há tratamento específico, porém, deve-se oferecer suporte clínico e melhoria da qualidade de vida e diminuição de estigmas.

  16. Ecologia política: Guerreiro Ramos e Fritjof Capra Political ecology: Guerreiro Ramos and Fritjof Capra

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    Sérgio Luís Boeira

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Este ensaio tem por objetivo contribuir com a articulação de um campo de pesquisa trans-disciplinar, a ecologia política, por meio da síntese comparativa de duas obras: A Nova Ciência das Organizações, de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1981, e O Ponto de Mutação, de Fritjof Capra (1982. A hipótese central deste trabalho é que os autores, apesar de suas formações acadêmicas muito diferentes, chegaram a resultados muito semelhantes nestas obras, a partir de um mesmo paradigma emergente. Dado o contexto ainda difuso do pensamento ambientalista, estes livros podem ser considerados clássicos da ecologia política.The aim of this essay is to contribute with the articulation of a trans-disciplinary research field, political ecology, by means of the comparative synthesis of two works: "The New Science of Organizations" by Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1981, and "The Mutation Point", by Fritjof Capra (1982. The central hypothesis of this article is that both authors, although with very different academic background, get to very similar conclusions in these two works, under the same emergent paradigm. Given the still diffuse context of environmentalist thought these books may be considered classics of political ecology.

  17. Gamma radiation effect on biological activity and enzymatic properties of snake venoms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herrera, E.; Yarleque, A.; Campos, S.; Zavaleta, A.

    1986-01-01

    The effect of gamma radiation, from Co-60, on the biological activity and on some enzymatic activities, present in the venoms of Lachesis muta and Bothrops atrox, using samples of dried venom that had been irradiated at a dose of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Mrad have been studied. Variations in the degree of hemorrhage and local necrosis were observed in albino mice injected subcutaneously with venoms of both types. The reduction of the biological activity was greater for the local hemorrhagic effect and was dependent on the doses of irradiation. The specific activity of various enzymes, present in both venoms, is affected by the gamma radiation, at a dose of 0.1 Mrad the order of increasing inactivation being: exonuclease (4%), phospholipase (24%), caseinolytic enzyme (20%), tamesterase (33%), a thrombine-like enzyme (40%), fibrinolytic enzyme (41%), 5'-nucleotidase (50%) and endonuclease (55%). The enzymatic inactivation was augmented by 0.5 and 1.0 Mrad, without maintaining an arithmetic relation. The enzyme of major resistance to the radiation was exonuclease, whereas 5'-nucleotidase and endonuclease were the most sensitive. No significant changes were observed in the spectrum of UV absorbtion (range 260 to 290 nm) nor in the contents of L-tyrosine in the irradiated venoms

  18. Investigation of environmental conditions at Sarfartoq 1987-88. Collection of samples for testing, measurement of radon and analyses for polonium-210 and lead-210. [Greenland]. Miljoeundersoegelser ved Sarfartoq 1987-88. Proeveindsamling, radonmaaling og analyser for polonium-210 og bly-210

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aastrup, P; Munk Hansen, M

    1989-01-01

    The sampling of plants and animals is part of environmental base line studies initiated by the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland in relation to plans for exploration and exploitation of a niobium occurence. Samples have been collected in areas expected to be influenced by mining activities and in reference areas. The collected species of plants include northern willow, Bellard's kobresia, lichen (Cetraria nivalis), and others. Samples of animals include musk oxen, reindeer, alpine hare, ptarmigan, fox, and arctic char. However, 60 samples have been analyzed for polonium-210 and lead-210. The highest concentrations were found in lichen and the lowest in muscle tissue. In many samples systematic differences between the concentrations of the two isotopes were observed indicating that polonium-210 should continue to be part of the base line study program and the monitoring program if mining is started. The observed concentrations pose no health problem. 30 kg bulk samples of the best pyrochlore ore and the rock c. 10 m on both sides of the mineralization (the side rock) were analyzed for niobium, tantalum, some trace elements, and natural radioactive isotopes. The ore sample has concentrations of 33.17% niobium, 0.4% tantalum, 0.77% uranium, and more than 0.37% rare earth elements. The concentrations of all other analyzed elements are low. The ore has very well defined boundaries and there is a very low concentration of radioactive elements in the side rock. The naturally occurring concentrations of radon have been measured at stations on top of the mineralization, within the carbonatite complex and outside the complex. The concentrations generally are very low. However, the concentrations in the complex are significantly higher than outside the complex. This reflects an elevated uranium concentration of the carbonatite complex rocks. (AB).

  19. Rough-legged buzzards, Arctic foxes and red foxes in a tundra ecosystem without rodents.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivan Pokrovsky

    Full Text Available Small rodents with multi-annual population cycles strongly influence the dynamics of food webs, and in particular predator-prey interactions, across most of the tundra biome. Rodents are however absent from some arctic islands, and studies on performance of arctic predators under such circumstances may be very instructive since rodent cycles have been predicted to collapse in a warming Arctic. Here we document for the first time how three normally rodent-dependent predator species-rough-legged buzzard, arctic fox and red fox - perform in a low-arctic ecosystem with no rodents. During six years (in 2006-2008 and 2011-2013 we studied diet and breeding performance of these predators in the rodent-free Kolguev Island in Arctic Russia. The rough-legged buzzards, previously known to be a small rodent specialist, have only during the last two decades become established on Kolguev Island. The buzzards successfully breed on the island at stable low density, but with high productivity based on goslings and willow ptarmigan as their main prey - altogether representing a novel ecological situation for this species. Breeding density of arctic fox varied from year to year, but with stable productivity based on mainly geese as prey. The density dynamic of the arctic fox appeared to be correlated with the date of spring arrival of the geese. Red foxes breed regularly on the island but in very low numbers that appear to have been unchanged over a long period - a situation that resemble what has been recently documented from Arctic America. Our study suggests that the three predators found breeding on Kolguev Island possess capacities for shifting to changing circumstances in low-arctic ecosystem as long as other small - medium sized terrestrial herbivores are present in good numbers.

  20. Sarcoptic mange in Swedish wildlife.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mörner, T

    1992-12-01

    Mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scandinavia (south-west Finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. The disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the Gulf of Finland from Estonia. The mange epizootic spread northwards through Finland and reached Sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. In 1984, mange was observed in most parts of Sweden. The disease was observed to spread rapidly in boreal areas, whereas it spread more slowly in agricultural areas. Mortality due to mange was very high. The duration of the disease before death due to emaciation has been shown experimentally to be over 90 days. An outbreak of fox mange among Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) occurred in 1986. The local population of Arctic foxes was caught and successfully treated. The following year, treated foxes were caught again and no signs of disease were found. Sporadic cases of fox mange have also been diagnosed in lynx (Lynx lynx), pine marten (Martes martes) and domestic dogs. Single cases have been observed in other species: wolf (Canis lupus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), domestic cat and horse. No cases of sarcoptic mange have been recorded in the badger (Meles meles). At present, although fox mange occurs as an epizootic in local populations, the number of foxes has increased again in many parts of Sweden.

  1. Spatio-temporal hotspots of satellite-tracked arctic foxes reveal a large detection range in a mammalian predator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Sandra; Bêty, Joël; Berteaux, Dominique

    2015-01-01

    The scale at which animals perceive their environment is a strong fitness determinant, yet few empirical estimates of animal detection ranges exist, especially in mammalian predators. Using daily Argos satellite tracking of 26 adult arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) during a single winter in the High Canadian Arctic, we investigated the detection range of arctic foxes by detecting hotspots of fox activity on the sea ice. While maintaining territories in the tundra, these solitary foragers occasionally used the sea ice where they sometimes formed spatio-temporal hotspots, likely scavenging on marine mammal carcasses. We detected 35 movements by 13 individuals forming five hotspots. Foxes often traveled more than 10 km, and up to 40 km, to reach hotspots, which lasted one-two weeks and could gather up to 12 individuals. The likelihood of a fox joining a hotspot was neither influenced by its distance from the hotspot nor by the distance of its home range to the coast. Observed traveling distances may indicate a high detection range in arctic foxes, and our results suggest their ability to detect food sources on the sea ice from their terrestrial home range. While revealing a wide knowledge gap regarding resource detection abilities in mammalian predators, our study provides estimates of detection range useful for interpreting and modeling animal movements. It also allows a better understanding of foraging behavior and navigation capacity in terrestrial predators.

  2. Pulses of movement across the sea ice: population connectivity and temporal genetic structure in the arctic fox.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Norén, Karin; Carmichael, Lindsey; Fuglei, Eva; Eide, Nina E; Hersteinsson, Pall; Angerbjörn, Anders

    2011-08-01

    Lemmings are involved in several important functions in the Arctic ecosystem. The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) can be divided into two discrete ecotypes: "lemming foxes" and "coastal foxes". Crashes in lemming abundance can result in pulses of "lemming fox" movement across the Arctic sea ice and immigration into coastal habitats in search for food. These pulses can influence the genetic structure of the receiving population. We have tested the impact of immigration on the genetic structure of the "coastal fox" population in Svalbard by recording microsatellite variation in seven loci for 162 Arctic foxes sampled during the summer and winter over a 5-year period. Genetic heterogeneity and temporal genetic shifts, as inferred by STRUCTURE simulations and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions, respectively, were recorded. Maximum likelihood estimates of movement as well as STRUCTURE simulations suggested that both immigration and genetic mixture are higher in Svalbard than in the neighbouring "lemming fox" populations. The STRUCTURE simulations and AMOVA revealed there are differences in genetic composition of the population between summer and winter seasons, indicating that immigrants are not present in the reproductive portion of the Svalbard population. Based on these results, we conclude that Arctic fox population structure varies with time and is influenced by immigration from neighbouring populations. The lemming cycle is likely an important factor shaping Arctic fox movement across sea ice and the subsequent population genetic structure, but is also likely to influence local adaptation to the coastal habitat and the prevalence of diseases.

  3. Winter habitat associations of diurnal raptors in Californias Central Valley

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pandolrno, E.R.; Herzog, M.P.; Hooper, S.L.; Smith, Z.

    2011-01-01

    The wintering raptors of California's Central Valley are abundant and diverse. Despite this, little information exists on the habitats used by these birds in winter. We recorded diurnal raptors along 19 roadside survey routes throughout the Central Valley for three consecutive winters between 2007 and 2010. We obtained data sufficient to determine significant positive and negative habitat associations for the White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), Bald Eagle {Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), and Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus). The Prairie Falcon and Ferruginous and Rough-legged hawks showed expected strong positive associations with grasslands. The Bald Eagle and Northern Harrier were positively associated not only with wetlands but also with rice. The strongest positive association for the White-tailed Kite was with wetlands. The Red-tailed Hawk was positively associated with a variety of habitat types but most strongly with wetlands and rice. The American Kestrel, Northern Harrier, and White-tailed Kite were positively associated with alfalfa. Nearly all species were negatively associated with urbanized landscapes, orchards, and other intensive forms of agriculture. The White-tailed Kite, Northern Harrier, Redtailed Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, and American Kestrel showed significant negative associations with oak savanna. Given the rapid conversion of the Central Valley to urban and intensive agricultural uses over the past few decades, these results have important implications for conservation of these wintering raptors in this region.

  4. Detection probability of cliff-nesting raptors during helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys in western Alaska

    Science.gov (United States)

    Booms, T.L.; Schempf, P.F.; McCaffery, B.J.; Lindberg, M.S.; Fuller, M.R.

    2010-01-01

    We conducted repeated aerial surveys for breeding cliff-nesting raptors on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (YDNWR) in western Alaska to estimate detection probabilities of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus), Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), and also Common Ravens (Corvus corax). Using the program PRESENCE, we modeled detection histories of each species based on single species occupancy modeling. We used different observers during four helicopter replicate surveys in the Kilbuck Mountains and five fixed-wing replicate surveys in the Ingakslugwat Hills near Bethel, AK. During helicopter surveys, Gyrfalcons had the highest detection probability estimate (p^;p^ 0.79; SE 0.05), followed by Golden Eagles (p^=0.68; SE 0.05), Common Ravens (p^=0.45; SE 0.17), and Rough-legged Hawks (p^=0.10; SE 0.11). Detection probabilities from fixed-wing aircraft in the Ingakslugwat Hills were similar to those from the helicopter in the Kilbuck Mountains for Gyrfalcons and Golden Eagles, but were higher for Common Ravens (p^=0.85; SE 0.06) and Rough-legged Hawks (p^=0.42; SE 0.07). Fixed-wing aircraft provided detection probability estimates and SEs in the Ingakslugwat Hills similar to or better than those from helicopter surveys in the Kilbucks and should be considered for future cliff-nesting raptor surveys where safe, low-altitude flight is possible. Overall, detection probability varied by observer experience and in some cases, by study area/aircraft type.

  5. Visão atual da hemocromatose hereditária Current approach to hereditary hemochromatosis

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    Rodolfo Delfini Cançado

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available A hemocromatose hereditária (HH está relacionada a diversos distúrbios do metabolismo do ferro que ocasionam sua sobrecarga tecidual. A HH clássica está associada às mutações do gene HFE (homozigose para C282Y ou duplo heterozigose para C282Y/H63D, sendo encontrada quase exclusivamente em descendentes do norte Europeu. A hemocromatose hereditária, quando não relacionada ao gene HFE, é causada por mutações de outros genes, recentemente identificados, envolvidos no metabolismo do ferro. Hepcedina é o hormônio regulador do ferro que inibe a ferroportina, proteína exportadora de ferro dos enterócitos e dos macrófagos; um defeito na expressão do gene da hepcedina ou na sua função costuma ser a causa da maioria dos tipos de hemocromatose hereditária. Os alvos acometidos pela HH são órgãos e tecidos - fígado, coração, pâncreas, articulações e pele -, sendo a cirrose e o diabetes melito os sinais tardios da doença em pacientes com expressivo aumento da concentração hepática de ferro. Pacientes com diagnóstico estabelecido de hemocromatose hereditária e sobrecarga de ferro devem ser tratados com flebotomia para a obtenção de depleção do ferro do organismo; em seguida, com flebotomia de manutenção. As causas mais frequentes de morte por hemocromatose hereditária são câncer hepático, cirrose, miocardiopatia e diabete; entretanto, pacientes submetidos à depleção do ferro de maneira satisfatória e antes do desenvolvimento da cirrose ou da diabete podem ter sobrevida normal.Hereditary hemochromatosis refers to several inherited disorders of the iron metabolism that lead to tissue iron overload. Classical hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with mutations of the HFE gene (C282Y homozygotes or C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes and is almost exclusively found in populations of northern European descent. Non-HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by mutations in other recently identified genes

  6. Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae populations in Brazil Resistência Knockdown em populações de mosca-dos-chifres do Brasil resistentes aos piretróides

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    Gustavo A. Sabatini

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the kdr (knockdown resistance resistance-associated gene mutation and determine its frequency in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Haematobia irritans populations, a total of 1,804 horn flies of 37 different populations from all Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South were molecular screened through polymerase chain reaction (PCR. The kdr gene was not detected in 87.08% of the flies. However, the gene was amplified in 12.92% of the flies, of which 11.70% were resistant heterozygous and 1.22% were resistant homozygous. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE was found only in 1 ranch with an excess of heterozygous. When populations were grouped by region, three metapopulations showed significant deviations of HWE (Central-West population, South population and Southeast population. This indicates that populations are isolated one from another and kdr occurrence seems to be an independent effect probably reflecting the insecticide strategy used by each ranch. Although resistance to pyrethroids is disseminated throughout Brazil, only 48% of resistant populations had kdr flies, and the frequency of kdr individuals in each of these resistant populations was quite low. But this study shows that, with the apparent exception of the Northeast region, the kdr mechanism associated with pyrethroid resistance occurs all over Brazil.Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência e determinar a frequência da mutação kdr (knock down resistance em populações de Haematobia irritans (mosca-dos-chifres resistentes aos piretróides, foram analisados 1.804 indivíduos de 37 populações de todas as Regiões do Brasil. Com exceção da Região Nordeste, o kdr (knock down resistance gene foi encontrado em populações de todas as regiões. A mutação não foi detectada em 87,08% dos indivíduos. Entretanto, o gene foi amplificado de 12,92% das moscas, das quais 11,70% se mostraram heterozigotas resistentes e 1

  7. Genética Molecular das Epidermólises Bolhosas Molecular Genetics of Epidermolysis Bullosa

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    Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available O estudo das alterações moleculares das epidermólises bolhosas tem contribuído para que se compreenda melhor essas enfermidades. Na epidermólise bolhosa simples a maioria dos casos está associada com alteração nas citoqueratinas basais 5 (gen KRT5 e 14 (gen KRT14, o que modifica o citoesqueleto na camada basal da epiderme, levando à degeneração dessa camada, formando bolha intra-epidérmica. Mutações na plectina (gen PLEC1, componente da placa interna do hemidesmossoma, levam também à clivagem intra-epidérmica. Na epidermólise bolhosa juncional vários gens estão envolvidos, em decorrência da complexidade da zona da membrana basal, todos levando ao descolamento dos queratinócitos basais na lâmina lúcida, pela disfunção da aderência entre esses e a lâmina densa. Alterações na laminina 5 (gens LAMA3, LAMB3 e LAMC2, integrina alfa6beta4 (gens ITGA6 e ITGB4 e colágeno XVII (gen COL17A1 foram descritas. Por fim, na epidermólise bolhosa distrófica apenas um gen está mutado, alterando o colágeno VII (gen COL7A1, principal componente das fibrilas ancorantes, produzindo clivagem abaixo da lâmina densa, variando fenotipicamente de acordo com a conseqüência da mutação. Outra aplicação importante dessas informações refere-se ao diagnóstico pré-natal, com a perspectiva no futuro da terapia gênica.New data regarding the molecular aspects of the heterogeneous group of epidermolysis bullosa has brought some important information about its pathogenesis. In epidermolysis bullosa simplex the majority of mutations are localized in the genes of the basal cytokeratin 5 (gene KRT5 and 14 (gene KRT14, cytolysis at this layer with intraepidermal blister is seen under light microscopy. Mutations of plectin (gene PLEC1, a protein found in the inner hemidesmosomal plaque, leads also to intraepidermal blisters. In junctional epidermolysis bullosa many proteins from the basal membrane zone are involved, such as laminin 5 (genes

  8. Mutação nova do gene MCT8 em menino Brasileiro com resistência ao hormônio tireioidiano e neuropatia grave

    OpenAIRE

    MENEZES FILHO, Hamilton Cabral de; MARUI, Suemi; MANNA, Thais Della; BRUST, Ester Saraiva; RADONSKY, Vanessa; KUPERMAN, Hilton; DICHTCHEKENIAN, Vaê; SETIAN, Nuvarte; DAMIANI, Durval

    2011-01-01

    MCT8 is a cellular transporter of thyroid hormones important in their action and metabolization. We report a male patient with the novel inactivating mutation 630insG in the coding region in exon 1 of MCT8. He was characterized clinically by severe neurologic impairment (initially with global hypotonia, later evolving with generalized hypertonia), normal growth during infancy, reduced weight gain, and absence of typical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, while the laboratory evaluation dis...

  9. Síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz: caso clínico

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    Sara Domingues

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: O Síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz é uma condição hereditária autossómica dominante rara caracterizada por: carcinomas basocelulares, queratoquistos odontogénicos, depressões palmo-plantares, calcificações da foice cerebral e malformações esqueléticas. Associa-se também a meduloblastoma e outras neoplasias. Caso Clínico: Adolescente de 11 anos, com antecedentes de macrocefalia. Referenciada à consulta de estomatologia por quistos mandibulares recidivantes. O exame anátomo-patológico revelou tratarem-se de queratoquistos odontogénicos, pelo que é encaminhada para a consulta de pediatria. Objetivamente, apresentava macrocefalia e facies “grosseiro” com bossas frontais e hipertelorismo. Efetuou estudo genético, que detetou mutação do gene PTCH1, confi rmando a suspeita clínica. Discussão: Os queratoquistos odontogénicos são o achado mais representativo do síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz nas duas primeiras décadas de vida, sendo de extrema importância um elevado índice de suspeição por parte do pediatra, com especial relevância para as alterações minor. Após o estabelecimento do diagnóstico, é necessária uma equipa multidisciplinar para um adequado seguimento e tratamento atempado.

  10. An update on clinical oncology for the non-oncologist.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaliks, Rafael Aliosha

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACTRecent advances in the understanding of tumor driver mutations, signaling pathways that lead to tumor progression, and the better understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system are revolutionizing cancer treatment. The pace at which new treatments are approved and the prices at which they are set have made it even more difficult to offer these treatments in countries like Brazil. In this review we present for the non-oncologist these new treatments and compare their availability in Brazilian public health system and private health system with that of developed countries.RESUMOAvanços recentes na compreensão de mutações promotoras de desenvolvimento do câncer, sinalização que leva à progressão de tumores, e o avanço no entendimento da interação entre as células tumorais e o sistema imunológico estão revolucionando o tratamento do câncer. A velocidade com que novos tratamentos são aprovados e o alto custo das medicações dificultam a disponibilização de terapêuticas em países como o Brasil. Nesta revisão, apresentamos ao não oncologista esses novos tratamentos e comparamos sua disponibilidade nos sistemas público e privado de saúde no Brasil com os países desenvolvidos.

  11. 2,3-DPG-Hb complex: a hypothesis for an asymmetric binding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pomponi, M; Bertonati, C; Fuglei, E; Wiig, O; Derocher, A E

    2000-05-15

    This study was undertaken to test the symmetry of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binding site in hemoglobin (Hb). From Arnone's study [A. Arnone, Nature (London) 237 (1972) 146] the 2,3-DPG binding site is located at the top of the cavity, that runs through the center of the deoxy-Hb molecule. However, it is possible that this symmetry reported by Arnone, for crystals of 2,3-DPG-Hb complex, might not be conserved in solution. In this paper, we report the 31P nuclear magnetic resonances of the 2,3-DPG interaction with Hb. The 2,3-DPG chemical shifts of the P2 and P3 resonance are both pH- and hemoglobin-dependent [protein from man, polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and bovine]. 2,3-DPG binds tightly to deoxyhemoglobin and weakly, nevertheless significantly, to oxyhemoglobin. In particular, our results suggest similar spatial position of the binding site of 2,3-DPG in both forms of Hb in solutions. However, the most unexpected result was the apparent loss of symmetry in the binding site, which might correlate with the ability of the hemoglobin to modulate its functional behavior. The different interactions of the phosphate groups indicate small differences in the quaternary structure of the different deoxy forms of hemoglobin. Given the above structural perturbation an asymmetric binding in the complex could justify, at least in part, different physiological properties of Hb. Regardless, functionally relevant effects of 2,3-DPG seem to be measured and best elucidated through solution studies.

  12. Genetic structure of the Common Eider in the western Aleutian Islands prior to fox eradication

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Wilson, Robert E.; Petersen, Margaret R.; Williams, Jeffrey C.; Byrd, G. Vernon; McCracken, Kevin G.

    2013-01-01

    Since the late 18th century bird populations residing in the Aleutian Archipelago have been greatly reduced by introduced arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). We analyzed data from microsatellite, nuclear intron, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) loci to examine the spatial genetic structure, demography, and gene flow among four Aleutian Island populations of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) much reduced by introduced foxes. In mtDNA, we found high levels of genetic structure within and between island groups (ΦST = 0.643), but we found no population subdivision in microsatellites or nuclear introns. Differences in genetic structure between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are consistent with the Common Eider's breeding and winter biology, as females are highly philopatric and males disperse. Nevertheless, significant differences between islands in the mtDNA of males and marginal significance (P =0.07) in the Z-linked locus Smo 1 suggest that males may also have some level of fidelity to island groups. Severe reduction of populations by the fox, coupled with females' high philopatry, may have left the genetic signature of a bottleneck effect, resulting in the high levels of genetic differentiation observed in mtDNA (ΦST = 0.460–0.807) between islands only 440 km apart. Reestablishment of the Common Eider following the fox's eradication was likely through recruitment from within the islands and bolstered by dispersal from neighboring islands, as suggested by the lack of genetic structure and asymmetry in gene flow between Attu and the other Near Islands.

  13. Eficacia experimental de anticuerpos IgY producidos en huevos, contra el veneno de la serpiente peruana Bothrops atrox Experimental efficacy of IgY antibodies produced in eggs against the venom of the Peruvian snake Bothrops atrox

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    Julio C. Mendoza

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Desarrollar un protocolo de inmunización para producir inmunoglobulinas IgY de origen aviar contra el veneno de la serpiente peruana Bothrops atrox y evaluar la capacidad neutralizante. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron seis gallinas de postura de la raza hy line brown con 500 μg/dosis de veneno de B. atrox en un periodo de dos meses. Cada semana, los huevos fueron colectados para el aislamiento de inmunoglobulinas IgY a partir de la yema, usando dos pasos consecutivos con αcido caprνlico y sulfato de amonio. La detecciσn de anticuerpos se realizσ por inmunodifusiσn doble mientras que el tνtulo y reactividad cruzada se determinaron por las técnicas de ELISA y Western blot. El cálculo de DL50 y de la DE50 del antiveneno IgY producido se realizó utilizando el método de Probits. Resultados. La masa de anticuerpos aislados fue de 8,5 ± 1,35 mg de IgY/mL de yema. Asimismo, la DE50 del antiveneno aviar fue calculada en 575 μL de antiveneno/mg de veneno. Adicionalmente, los ensayos de reactividad cruzada mostraron que el veneno de B. atrox comparte mas epνtopes comunes con el veneno de B. brazili (47% que con otros veneno del mismo género, en tanto que los venenos de Lachesis muta (19% y Crotalus durissus (12% mostraron una baja reactividad cruzada. Conclusiones. Se ha obtenido IgY purificada contra el veneno de B. atrox con capacidad neutralizante y se ha demostrado su utilidad como herramienta inmunoanalítica para evaluar la reactividad cruzada con venenos de otras especies.Objectives. To develop an immunization protocol in order to produce avian IgY immunoglobulins against Bothrops atrox Peruvian snake venom and to evaluate its neutralizing capacity. Materials and methods. Six Hy Line Brown hens were immunized each two weeks using 500μg/doses of B. atrox venom in a period of two months. Each week, eggs were collected for IgY isolation from yolk using two consecutive steps with caprilic acid and ammonium sulfate

  14. Genética de Coffea: XV - Hereditariedade dos característicos principais de Coffea arabica L. Var. semperflorens K.M.C.

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    A. Carvalho

    1952-06-01

    Full Text Available No planalto de São Paulo, o cafeeiro normalmente floresce duas a quatro vezes por ano, nos períodos compreendidos entre fins de julho a novembro. Raramente floresce mais vêzes, e um pouco além dessa estação. Em 1934, foram encontrados alguns cafeeiros da espécie C. arabica, caracterizados por seu florescimento quase que continuamente durante o ano. A êsse mutante foi dada a denominação de semperflorens. Os resultados da análise genética apresentados indicam que os característicos principais do semperflorens, a forma da planta, tipo de ramificação e florescimento quase que contínuo, são controlados por um par de fatôres genéticos recessivos. Êsse fator genético tem por símbolo sf sf, correspondente à abreviação da palavra semperflorens. Os resultados dos cruzamentos entre o semperflorens e as variedades murta e nana indicam que o semperflorens deve ter-se originado como uma mutação recessiva do bourbon. Apesar de terem sido encontrados cafeeiros semperflorens quase que simultâneamente em Ribeirão Prêto e Campinas, é mais provável que a mutação tenha ocorrido em Ribeirão Preto, onde o café bourbon foi cultivado pela primeira vez em São Paulo. Além de apresentar o semperflorens interêsse do ponto de vista fisiológico, tem também valor econômico, por ser produtivo e possuir boa resistência à sêca, motivo pelo qual numerosas progênies dêsse cafeeiro vêm sendo estudadas, visando o isolamento de linhagens ainda mais produtivas.Under normal environmental conditions coffee plants in the State of São Paulo flower two to four times during the period of July to November. Only rarely do they flower beyond these limits. In 1934 a few coffee plants of the species C. arabica were found which flower almost at any period of the year. This mutant was named semperflorens. The results of the gene tical analysis here presented indicate that the characteristics of this mutant are controled by one pair of recessive

  15. Importância da avaliação da hemoglobina fetal na clínica da anemia falciforme The importance of the evaluation of fetal hemoglobin in the clinical assessment of sickle cell disease

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    Rita de Cassia Mousinho-Ribeiro

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available A anemia falciforme está entre as doenças genéticas mais comuns e mais estudadas em todo o mundo. Ela é causada por mutação no gene β, produzindo alteração estrutural na molécula da hemoglobina. As moléculas de HbS, decorrentes da mutação, sofrem processo de polimerização fisiologicamente provocado pela baixa tensão de oxigênio, acidose e desidratação. Com isso, os eritrócitos passam a apresentar a forma de foice, causando vaso-oclusão e outras conseqüências. O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar a importância da hemoglobina fetal na clínica de pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme. O significado clínico da associação da elevação da hemoglobina fetal na anemia falciforme mostra-se favorável em termos hematológicos, pois, nessa interação, as células-F têm baixas concentrações de HbS e, com isso, inibem a polimerização da HbS e a alteração da morfologia dos eritrócitos. O tratamento com hidroxiuréia, em função do aumento na expressão da hemoglobina fetal que este fármaco proporciona, traz aos pacientes falcêmicos uma melhora significativa em sua clínica. Portanto, a hemoglobina fetal consiste no maior inibidor da polimerização da desoxi-HbS e, com isso, evita a falcização do eritrócito, a anemia hemolítica crônica, as crises dolorosas vaso-oclusivas, o infarto e a necrose em diversos órgãos, melhorando a clínica e a expectativa de vida dos pacientes.Sickle cell disease is one of the commonest and most studied genetic diseases in the world. Caused by a mutation of the β gene, it changes the molecular structure of hemoglobin. Abnormal Hb S molecules suffer polymerization physiologically provoked by a low oxygen tension, acidosis and dehydration. As a result, red blood cells take on a sickle cell form, which causes microvascular occlusion with varying consequences. The objective of this study was to review the importance of fetal hemoglobin in the clinical assessment of sickle cell

  16. Arte, clínica e loucura: um território em mutação Art, medical treatment and insanity: a territory in flux

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    Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo Lima

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available A experiência clínica e didática no campo da terapia ocupacional, na qual práticas artísticas e processos terapêuticos se atravessavam, levou-nos à realização de uma pesquisa histórica visando investigar como se constituíram, no Brasil, as relações entre os campos da saúde mental e da arte, a partir de meados do século XIX e durante o século XX. Os métodos utilizados para realizar esta pesquisa - que tem como horizonte teórico o pensamento de Foucault, Deleuze e Guattari - foram a cartografia e a arqueologia. Com a arqueologia, tratamos dos discursos e acontecimentos históricos, procurando as forças que os engendraram. Ao cartografar, buscamos acompanhar algumas linhas que, emergindo de cada um desses campos em relação ao outro, se cruzaram formando diferentes configurações no território em estudo.Based on a combination of clinical and pedagogical experience in occupational therapy, which interlinks artistic practices and therapeutic processes, we carried out a historical study designed to investigate how the fields of mental health and art became interrelated in Brazil between the mid 19th and 20th centuries. The methods used for this research, which is underpinned by the thinking of Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, were cartography and archeology. We used archeology to investigate the historical discourses and events, seeking out the forces behind them. Through cartography we sought to map out some lines which, emerging from each of these fields in relation to the other, intersect to form different patterns in the area under study.

  17. Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ecological Science: a Question of Scale

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    Catherine A. Gagnon

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The benefits and challenges of integrating traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge have led to extensive discussions over the past decades, but much work is still needed to facilitate the articulation and co-application of these two types of knowledge. Through two case studies, we examined the integration of traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge by emphasizing their complementarity across spatial and temporal scales. We expected that combining Inuit traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge would expand the spatial and temporal scales of currently documented knowledge on the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus and the greater snow goose (Chen caerulescens atlantica, two important tundra species. Using participatory approaches in Mittimatalik (also known as Pond Inlet, Nunavut, Canada, we documented traditional ecological knowledge about these species and found that, in fact, it did expand the spatial and temporal scales of current scientific knowledge for local arctic fox ecology. However, the benefits were not as apparent for snow goose ecology, probably because of the similar spatial and temporal observational scales of the two types of knowledge for this species. Comparing sources of knowledge at similar scales allowed us to gain confidence in our conclusions and to identify areas of disagreement that should be studied further. Emphasizing complementarities across scales was more powerful for generating new insights and hypotheses. We conclude that determining the scales of the observations that form the basis for traditional ecological knowledge and scientific knowledge represents a critical step when evaluating the benefits of integrating these two types of knowledge. This is also critical when examining the congruence or contrast between the two types of knowledge for a given subject.

  18. Biogeochemistry and nitrogen cycling in an Arctic, volcanic ecosystem

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fogel, M. L.; Benning, L.; Conrad, P. G.; Eigenbrode, J.; Starke, V.

    2007-12-01

    As part of a study on Mars Analogue environments, the biogeochemistry of Sverrefjellet Volcano, Bocfjorden, Svalbard, was conducted and compared to surrounding glacial, thermal spring, and sedimentary environments. An understanding of how nitrogen might be distributed in a landscape that had extinct or very cold adapted, slow- growing extant organisms should be useful for detecting unknown life forms. From high elevations (900 m) to the base of the volcano (sea level), soil and rock ammonium concentrations were uniformly low, typically less than 1- 3 micrograms per gm of rock or soil. In weathered volcanic soils, reduced nitrogen concentrations were higher, and oxidized nitrogen concentrations lower. The opposite was found in a weathered Devonian sedimentary soil. Plants and lichens growing on volcanic soils have an unusually wide range in N isotopic compositions from -5 to +12‰, a range rarely measured in temperate ecosystems. Nitrogen contents and isotopic compositions of volcanic soils and rocks were strongly influenced by the presence or absence of terrestrial herbivores or marine avifauna with higher concentrations of N and elevated N isotopic compositions occurring as patches in areas immediately influenced by reindeer, Arctic fox ( Alopex lagopus), and marine birds. Because of the extreme conditions in this area, ephemeral deposition of herbivore feces results in a direct and immediate N pulses into the ecosystem. The lateral extent and distribution of marine- derived nitrogen was measured on a landscape scale surrounding an active fox den. Nitrogen was tracked from the bones of marine birds to soil to vegetation. Because of extreme cold, slow biological rates and nitrogen cycling, a mosaic of N patterns develops on the landscape scale.

  19. Characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma in users or non users of tobacco and alcohol = Características do carcinoma bucal de células escamosas em usuários ou não usuários de tabaco e álcool

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Scheidt, Juliana Hintz Germanos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available O tabaco e o álcool são os principais fatores etiológicos extrínsecos associados à gênese do carcinoma bucal de células escamosas (CCE, mas não está claro se estes fatores interferem nas características clínico-patológicas, moleculares ou no prognóstico da doença. No presente estudo, essas características foram revisadas, estabelecendo-se comparações entre as lesões de pacientes usuários ou não de tabaco e álcool. Observou-se que carcinomas bucais de não fumantes e não etilistas ocorrem, preferencialmente, em pacientes do sexo feminino, em faixa etária inferior a 50 ou superior 70 anos. Neste grupo de indivíduos, as lesões tendem a ser menos agressivas e apresentam melhor prognóstico. O tabagismo e o etilismo também parecem influenciar as características moleculares do carcinoma bucal, uma vez que mutações da proteína p53 nas lesões têm sido associadas a esses fatores de risco. A compreensão das diferenças entre os CCE bucais desses dois grupos de pacientes pode contribuir para uma melhor abordagem e avanços no desenvolvimento de medidas terapêuticas mais adequadas frente a esta neoplasia

  20. Violência como fenômeno intrínseco à cultura política brasileira

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    Antonio M. Soares

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo problematiza o conceito de violência e suas mutações através dos tempos. Como fenômeno cultural, a violência é construída na sociedade e se processa de forma a romper com os próprios códigos de ordens produzidos por ela. No caso do Brasil a violência se mostra intrínseca ao processo de formação da sociedade brasileira, estando presente nas lógicas autoritárias e na imposição cultural desde os tempos da colonização. A violência emerge como uma agressão ao indivíduo e ao coletivo, ela aniquila o sentido da política e desabilita o mundo comum. As interpretações presentes neste trabalho buscam aprofundar as análises sobre a violência enquanto fenômeno social e cultural, redimensionando os efeitos que ela produz para a condição humana e suas associações com as dimensões da civilidade, incivilidade e descivilidade. Neste contexto, destacaremos como o fenômeno da violência se afirmou como uma dimensão estrutural e cultural da formação da sociedade brasileira, como ele se revela na contemporaneidade, nos jogos de poder, nas relações de força e no movimento de fronteiras tênues entre o legal e o ilegal.

  1. LA CIUDAD DESDE LA CASA: CIUDADES ESPONTÁNEAS EN LIMA

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    José García Calderón

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Los asentamientos informales en Lima surgen de la colocación de casas de estera en el desierto, en condiciones de precariedad y pobreza. Sin embargo, en estas siete décadas de existencia se han transformado en barrios relativamente integrados a la ciudad y con un considerable nivel de desarrollo. En esta investigación se describe cómo se ha generado un tejido urbano donde los procesos habituales de planificación, de la gran escala a la pequeña, de la ciudad a la casa (urbanización-parcelación-edificación se ven invertidos encontrando, en esta inversión, el mecanismo clave de su desarrollo. La casa de estera, en origen el único material para asentarse en el territorio, se convierte, más allá de un techo para sus ocupantes, en una estrategia para crear ciudad. La vivienda es taller o tienda, aportando esos usos al tejido urbano; cambia de funciones según las necesidades de los habitantes; crece a medida que se densifica el barrio, muta su tipología (de unifamiliar a colectiva o de carácter (de rural a urbana cuando el asentamiento pasa de pueblo a barrio. La casa crece al tiempo que crece la ciudad que forma; ambos se transforman mutuamente y esta simbiosis confiere al tejido su dinamismo y capacidad para evolucionar.

  2. Sleep paralysis in medieval Persia – the Hidayat of Akhawayni (? –983 AD

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    Golzari SE

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Samad EJ Golzari,1 Kazem Khodadoust,5 Farid Alakbarli,6 Kamyar Ghabili,2 Ziba Islambulchilar,3 Mohammadali M Shoja,1 Majid Khalili,1 Feridoon Abbasnejad,1 Niloufar Sheikholeslamzadeh,7 Nasrollah Moghaddam Shahabi,4 Seyed Fazel Hosseini,2 Khalil Ansarin11Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 4Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; 6Institute of Manuscripts of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; 7Faculty of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAbstract: Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni's Hidayat al-muta`allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The present article is a review of the Akhawayni's teachings on sleep paralysis and of descriptions and treatments of sleep paralysis by the Greek, medieval, and Renaissance scholars. Akhawayni's descriptions along with other early writings provide insight into sleep paralysis during the Middle Ages in general and in Persia in particular.Keywords: sleep paralysis, night-mare, Akhawayni, Persia

  3. Precision of high-resolution dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of bone mineral status and body composition in small animal models

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    Lochmüller E. M.

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to analyze the in situ precision (reproducibility of bone mineral and body composition measurements in mice of different body weights and rats, using a high-resolution DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. We examined 48 NMRI mice weighing approximately 10 to 60 g, and 10 rats weighing approximately 140 g. Four repeated measurements were obtained on different days. In mice, the standard deviations of repeated measurements ranged from 2.5 to 242 mg for bone mineral content (BMC, from 0.16 to 3.74 g for fat, and from 0.40 to 4.21 g for lean mass. The coefficient of variation in percent (CV% for BMC/BMD (bone mineral density was highest in the 10 g mice (12.8% / 4.9% and lowest in the 40 g mice (3.5% /1.7%. In rats, it was 2.5 /1.2% in the lower extremity, 7.1/3.0 % in the spine, 5.7/2.0 % in the femur, and 3.6%/2.1% in the tibia. The CV% for fat and lean mass in mice was higher than for BMC. The study demonstrates good precision of bone mineral and moderate precision of body composition measure-ments in small animals, using a high-resolution DXA system. The technique can be used for testing the efficacy of drugs in small animal models, for muta-genesis screens, and for the phenotypic characterization of transgenic mice.

  4. Permanências e mutações na definição intergeracional do trabalho infantil Continuities and mutations in the intergenerational definition of child labor

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    Adriana Carnielli de Lima

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available O artigo discute a percepção de famílias dos grupos populares sobre o significado do trabalho infantil, apontando o enquadramento moral, cercado de ambiguidades, das decisões tomadas pela geração mais velha de adiar a entrada dos filhos em ocupações remuneradas. Embora suas decisões possam ser explicadas, pelo menos em parte, pela profundidade das transformações nas mentalidades que acompanharam a gênese da percepção da criança como um ser humano em formação e fundamentaram a transformação do trabalho infantil em prática ilegal e socialmente ilegítima, nosso estudo, não obstante, ajuda a mostrar que as ambiguidades percebidas podem ser explicadas pela história social das gerações em foco, que é, em grande parte, a história das transformações por que passou o Brasil nas últimas décadas, tanto no que diz respeito à sua estrutura produtiva, quanto à sua organização legal e espacial.This paper discusses how low-income families perceive the meaning of child labor. It points out the ambiguous moral vision that supports the decision made by the older generation to postpone the entrance of their children in the labor market. Such decisions can be explained, at least partly, by the deep transformations in mentalities that have followed the genesis of the perception of children as "human beings in formation" and founded the transformation of child labor into an illegal and socially illegitimate practice. Nevertheless, our study shows that the ambiguities noted may also be explained by the social history of the generations focused, which is, mainly, the history of the transformations that have taken place, these last decades, in the productive structures and in the legal and spatial organization of Brazil.

  5. Estudo da doença de Gaucher em Santa Catarina Study of Gaucher disease in Santa Catarina

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    Jovino S. Ferreira

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available A doença de Gaucher (DG foi a primeira doença de armazenamento lisossomal descrita e a mais encontrada. Caracteriza-se pela deficiência hereditária da atividade da enzima lisossomal glucocerebrosidase, que bloqueia o metabolismo do glicocerebrosídeo. A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar as características clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas, as principais mutações encontradas, relacionando-as com as formas clínicas e avaliar a resposta à terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE nos pacientes com DG em Santa Catarina. Foram estudados dez pacientes com DG no Hospital Universitário, no período entre 1998 e 2003, após confirmação diagnóstica da doença pela dosagem da enzima beta-glicosidase em leucócitos. Pesquisa das mutações foi realizada em amostras de sangue e de mucosa oral. A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 19,6 anos. A DG tipo 1 foi diagnosticada em 80% dos casos, e a tipo 2 em 20%. Quatro pacientes tiveram história familiar de DG. Hepatoesplenomegalia foi a manifestação clínica mais comum. Anemia e trombocitopenia ocorreram em 100% dos casos. Dores ósseas foram relatadas por 75% dos pacientes. Os alelos mutantes encontrados foram N370S e L444P. Houve elevação dos níveis de hemoglobina em todos os pacientes com DG tipo 1. Concluímos que a DG tipo 1 é a forma clínica mais comum. Anemia, trombocitopenia, hepatoesplenomegalia e osteopenia são as características mais freqüentes dos pacientes com DG. O alelo N370S é o mais freqüente, estando relacionado com o tipo 1. O alelo L444P em homozigose sugere letalidade precoce. A TRE é segura e efetiva para a DG tipo 1.Gaucher Disease (GD was the first described and is the most common lysosomal deposit disease. It is characterized byahereditary deficiency of glucocerebrosidase lysosomal enzyme activity which blocks the metabolism of glucocerebrosideo. The aim of this work was to study the clinical, laboratorial and radiological characteristics, the main

  6. Clinical and molecular characteristics of a Brazilian family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 Características clínicas e moleculares de uma família Brasileira com ataxia espinocerebelar tipo 1

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    Iscia Lopes-Cendes

    1996-09-01

    Full Text Available The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of late onset neurodegenerative disorders. To date, seven different genes causing autosomal dominant SCA have been mapped: SCA1, SCA2, Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3, SCA4, SCA5, SCA7 and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA. Expansions of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat cause three of these disorders: SCA1, MJD/SCA3 and DRPLA. We studied one Brazilian family segregating an autosomal dominant type of SCA. A total of ten individuals were examined and tested for the presence of the SCA1, MJD and DRPLA mutations. Three individuals, one male and two females, were considered affected based on neurological examination; ages at onset were: 32, 36 and 41 years. The first complaint in all three patients was gait ataxia which progressed slowly over the years. Six individuals showed one allele containing an expanded CAG repeat in the SCA1 gene. The mean size of the expanded allele was 48.2 CAG units. Instability of the expanded CAG tract was seen in the two transmissions that were observed in this family. In both occasions there was a contraction of the CAG tract. Our study demonstrates that SCA1 occurs in the Brazilian population. In addition, our results stress the importance of molecular studies in the confirmation of diagnosis and for pre-symptomatic testing in SCAs.As ataxias espinocerebelares (AECs fazem parte de um grupo de doenças neurodegenerativas que apresentam grande heterogeneidade clínica e genética. Existem até o momento sete genes mapeados responsáveis pelas AECs de transmissão autossômica dominante: SCA1, SCA2, doença de Machado-Joseph (DA/7 ou SCA3, SCA4, SCA5, SCA7 e atrofia dentatorubropalidoluisiana (ADRPL. Uma expansão de um trínucletídeo CAG foi identificada como a mutação responsável na SCA], DMJ e ADRPL. Estudamos uma família brasileira com uma forma autossômica dominante de AEC. Dez indivíduos foram examinados e

  7. Genetic alterations in lung cancer: Assessing limitations in routine clinical use

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    Joana Espiga Macedo

    2007-01-01

    das técnicas da genética molecular no estudo do cancro do pulmão, o seu uso na rotina clínica em Portugal tem sido limitado.No presente estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa de mutações no anti-oncogene p53 em amostras clínicas de doentes com diagnóstico de cancro do pulmão como método para identificar as dificuldades práticas à integração da genética molecular na rotina clínica. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o principal factor limitante a essa integração é a obtenção de amostras de ADN de qualidade, um problema que pode ser superado pela alteração das práticas correntes de recolha de amostras. Key-words: Cancer, lung, clinical, molecular genetics, mutation, p53, Palavras-chave: Cancro, pulmão, clínica, genética molecular, mutação, p53

  8. Histomorfometria, apoptose e proliferação celular em neoplasias intraepiteliais do colo uterino Histomorphometry, apoptosis and cell proliferation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

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    Rodrigo Tadeu de Puy e Souza

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As displasias do colo uterino são precursoras do carcinoma de células escamosas. Mutações induzidas por carcinógenos correlacionam-se com alterações proliferativas. O acúmulo dessas mutações e o descontrole da homeostase genômica permitem mudanças na expressão de determinados genes e geram desequilíbrios na proliferação celular e na apoptose. Marcadores imuno-histoquímicos de proliferação celular, de apoptose e de sobrevivência celular em lesões intraepiteliais cervicais ainda necessitam de estudo morfométricos para definir seus papéis na evolução das displasias ao carcinoma invasivo. OBJETIVOS: Para melhor entender os processos de proliferação celular, apoptose e renovação epitelial nessas lesões, foram realizadas histomorfometria para mitose e apoptose e reações imuno-histoquímicas das proteínas Bax, Bcl-2 e Ki-67 (reatividade, localização e intensidade em biópsias cervicais. MÉTODOS: As amostras foram divididas em quatro grupos: 1. cervicite (n = 20; 2. displasia leve (n = 20; 3. displasia moderada (n = 20; 4. displasia acentuada (n = 20. RESULTADOS: Foram verificadas intensa proliferação celular e apoptose nas lesões de alto grau e ampla, intensa e difusa imunomarcação para Ki-67 e Bax. Esses achados foram encontrados de maneira discreta ou nula nos grupos cervicite e displasia leve. A marcação para Bcl-2 foi mais intensa nas lesões de alto grau, tendo sido discreta nas demais. A ampla marcação imuno-histoquímica de Ki-67 e Bax é sugestiva de elevado grau de renovação celular, o qual também é sustentado pela histomorfometria. A expressão do Bcl-2 aumenta com a gravidade da displasia. CONCLUSÃO: Esses achados indicam que o processo pré-neoplásico é dinâmico, com apoptose e mitose ocorrendo concomitantemente.INTRODUCTION: Cervical dysplasias are precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Carcinogen induced mutations correlate with proliferative

  9. Avaliação eletroforética, cromatográfica e molecular da Hb D Los Angeles no Brasil Electrophoretical, chromatographic and molecular valuations of Hb D Los Angeles in Brazil

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    Ana R. Chinelato-Fernandes

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A variante de hemoglobina (Hb D mais comum, Hb D Los Angeles ou D Punjab, é originada de uma transversão GAA->CAA no códon 121 da globina beta; essa mutação resulta na substituição do ácido glutâmico por glutamina na proteína. É a terceira variante de hemoglobina mais freqüente da população brasileira. Como as hemoglobinas D apresentam migração similar à hemoglobina S em pH alcalino, e com a hemoglobina A em pH ácido, são necessários vários testes para o correto diagnóstico. No presente estudo objetivou-se relacionar os diferentes procedimentos laboratoriais de rotina diagnóstica, além da análise molecular, para estabelecer o perfil de Hb D Los Angeles no Brasil. Foram analisados 47 indivíduos da população brasileira com provável Hb D Los Angeles, por vários procedimentos eletroforéticos em diferentes condições de pH, além da cromatografia líquida de alta pressão, e testes moleculares para confirmação da mutação. Foram encontrados quatro tipos de combinações de hemoglobinas: 42 indivíduos portadores de hemoglobina AD Los Angeles, dois indivíduos com doença de Hb S/D Los Angeles, dois indivíduos com Hb D Los Angeles e talassemia beta e um indivíduo com Hb D Los Angeles e Hb Lepore. Os indivíduos heterozigotos para D Los Angeles são assintomáticos, entretanto, em associação com outras variantes e talassemias podem apresentar graus variáveis de manifestações clínicas. Os resultados apresentados enfatizaram a necessidade da associação de várias metodologias para a identificação da Hb D Los Angeles, além de auxiliar na elucidação de combinações raras.The most common Hb D variant, the Hb D-Los Angeles, also know as Hb D-Punjab, originates through a GAA->CAA change at the 121 codon of the beta globin gene; this mutation results in the replacement of glutamic acid for glutamine in the protein. It is the third most common hemoglobin variant in the Brazilian population. This variant has

  10. Aspectos ecológicos e epidemiológicos de acidentes ofídicos em comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus, Amazonas, Brasil Ecological and epidemiological aspects of snakebites in riverside communities of the lower Purus River, Amazonas, Brazil

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    Fabiano Waldez

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003. Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14% e no período de cheia (64,28% na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size

  11. Neoplasias mieloproliferativas: revisão dos critérios diagnósticos e dos aspectos clínicos Myeloproliferative neoplasms: a review of diagnostic criteria and clinical aspects

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    Maria de Lourdes L. F. Chauffaille

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available As síndromes mieloproliferativas crônicas, atualmente denominadas neoplasias mieloproliferativas (NMP, de acordo com a 4ª. edição da classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, são doenças clonais de célula-tronco hematopoética, nas quais há a proliferação aumentada de uma ou mais das séries mieloides (granulocítica, eritrocítica, megacariocítica ou mastocítica com maturação eficaz. A progressão de todas é caracterizada por fibrose medular ou transformação leucêmica. Pela classificação da OMS, as NMP incluem: leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC, policitemia vera (PV, mielofibrose idiopática crônica (MF, trombocitemia essencial (TE, leucemia neutrofílica crônica (LNC, leucemia eosinofílica crônica não especificada(LEC, mastocitose (M e neoplasia mieloproliferativa inclassificável (NMI. É interessante notar que tanto a LMC (BCR/ABL1 como PV, MF e TE (JAK2 V617F e éxon 12, MPLW515L/K e M (KITD816V tiveram suas bases moleculares desvendadas e apresentam em comum a ativação constitutiva de tirosino-quinase graças às mutações adquiridas pela célula-tronco hematopoética. A mutação JAK2 V617F é observada em mais de 90% dos casos de PV, mas também em cerca de 50%-60% das MF e TE, levando ao questionamento de como uma única lesão molecular desencadeia três manifestações clínicas diversas. Já há evidências de que eventos genéticos e epigenéticos adicionais contribuem para a patogênese, tais como MPLW515L e MPLW515K. No presente manuscrito são apresentados os aspectos clínicos, a fisiopatologia e os critérios diagnósticos das diferentes NMP.Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, currently called myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN, according to the 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO classification are clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells, in which there is increased proliferation of the myeloid series (granulocytic, erythrocytic, megakaryocytic series or mast cells

  12. Les dynamiques territoriales associées au soja et les changements fonctionnels en Amazonie. Le cas de la région de Santarém, Pará, Brésil

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    Ruben Valbuena

    2009-03-01

    source of such recent changes. It is an urban center that is leading the process of regional change, which is marked by the conversion and productive specialization in the rural areas.O progressivo aumento da demanda internacional de cereais e leguminosas para a alimentação humana e animal tem estimulado uma contínua expansão das terras cultivadas no Brasil. Fato que tem sido favorecido tanto pelo interesse de multinacionais do sector agro-alimentar que fizeram inversões maciças no país como pelas facilidades oferecidas pelo governo para estimular e reafirmar as atividades agro-exportadoras. Uma progressão que alcançou às latitudes do cerrado e mais recentemente da Amazônia, gerando profundas transformações na organização do território e concedendo novas funções aos distintos lugares. Santarém, uma cidade histórica da Amazônia brasileira, que têm uma localização privilegiada na confluência dos rios Tapajós e Amazonas, e no vértice Norte da BR-163, é palco de todas essas mutações recentes. Um núcleo urbano que comanda um processo de mutação regional caracterizado pela reconversão e especialização produtiva no meio rural.

  13. The HIV-1 integrase-LEDGF allosteric inhibitor MUT-A: resistance profile, impairment of virus maturation and infectivity but without influence on RNA packaging or virus immunoreactivity

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Amadori, Céline; Ubeles van der Velden, Yme; Bonnard, Damien; Orlov, Igor; van Bel, Nikki; Le Rouzic, Erwann; Miralles, Laia; Brias, Julie; Chevreuil, Francis; Spehner, Daniele; Chasset, Sophie; Ledoussal, Benoit; Mayr, Luzia; Moreau, François; García, Felipe; Gatell, José; Zamborlini, Alessia; Emiliani, Stéphane; Ruff, Marc; Klaholz, Bruno P.; Moog, Christiane; Berkhout, Ben; Plana, Montserrat; Benarous, Richard

    2017-01-01

    HIV-1 Integrase (IN) interacts with the cellular co-factor LEDGF/p75 and tethers the HIV preintegration complex to the host genome enabling integration. Recently a new class of IN inhibitors was described, the IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitors (INLAIs). Designed to interfere with the IN-LEDGF

  14. Regional Distribution Shifts Help Explain Local Changes in Wintering Raptor Abundance: Implications for Interpreting Population Trends

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paprocki, Neil; Heath, Julie A.; Novak, Stephen J.

    2014-01-01

    Studies of multiple taxa across broad-scales suggest that species distributions are shifting poleward in response to global climate change. Recognizing the influence of distribution shifts on population indices will be an important part of interpreting trends within management units because current practice often assumes that changes in local populations reflect local habitat conditions. However, the individual- and population-level processes that drive distribution shifts may occur across a large, regional scale and have little to do with the habitats within the management unit. We examined the latitudinal center of abundance for the winter distributions of six western North America raptor species using Christmas Bird Counts from 1975–2011. Also, we considered whether population indices within western North America Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) were explained by distribution shifts. All six raptors had significant poleward shifts in their wintering distributions over time. Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) showed the fastest rate of change, with 8.41 km yr−1 and 7.74 km yr−1 shifts, respectively. Raptors may be particularly responsive to warming winters because of variable migration tendencies, intraspecific competition for nesting sites that drives males to winter farther north, or both. Overall, 40% of BCR population trend models were improved by incorporating information about wintering distributions; however, support for the effect of distribution on BCR indices varied by species with Rough-legged Hawks showing the most evidence. These results emphasize the importance of understanding how regional distribution shifts influence local-scale population indices. If global climate change is altering distribution patterns, then trends within some management units may not reflect changes in local habitat conditions. The methods used to monitor and manage bird populations within local BCRs will fundamentally change as

  15. Regional distribution shifts help explain local changes in wintering raptor abundance: implications for interpreting population trends.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neil Paprocki

    Full Text Available Studies of multiple taxa across broad-scales suggest that species distributions are shifting poleward in response to global climate change. Recognizing the influence of distribution shifts on population indices will be an important part of interpreting trends within management units because current practice often assumes that changes in local populations reflect local habitat conditions. However, the individual- and population-level processes that drive distribution shifts may occur across a large, regional scale and have little to do with the habitats within the management unit. We examined the latitudinal center of abundance for the winter distributions of six western North America raptor species using Christmas Bird Counts from 1975-2011. Also, we considered whether population indices within western North America Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs were explained by distribution shifts. All six raptors had significant poleward shifts in their wintering distributions over time. Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos showed the fastest rate of change, with 8.41 km yr(-1 and 7.74 km yr(-1 shifts, respectively. Raptors may be particularly responsive to warming winters because of variable migration tendencies, intraspecific competition for nesting sites that drives males to winter farther north, or both. Overall, 40% of BCR population trend models were improved by incorporating information about wintering distributions; however, support for the effect of distribution on BCR indices varied by species with Rough-legged Hawks showing the most evidence. These results emphasize the importance of understanding how regional distribution shifts influence local-scale population indices. If global climate change is altering distribution patterns, then trends within some management units may not reflect changes in local habitat conditions. The methods used to monitor and manage bird populations within local BCRs will fundamentally

  16. Preliminary assessment of sponge biodiversity on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert W Thacker

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Saba Bank Atoll, Netherlands Antilles, is one of the three largest atolls on Earth and provides habitat for an extensive coral reef community. To improve our knowledge of this vast marine resource, a survey of biodiversity at Saba Bank included a multi-disciplinary team that sampled fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, macroalgae, and sponges. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A single member of the dive team conducted surveys of sponge biodiversity during eight dives at six locations, at depths ranging from 15 to 30 m. This preliminary assessment documented the presence of 45 species pooled across multiple locations. Rarefaction analysis estimated that only 48 to 84% of species diversity was sampled by this limited effort, clearly indicating a need for additional surveys. An analysis of historical collections from Saba and Saba Bank revealed an additional 36 species, yielding a total of 81 sponge species recorded from this area. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This observed species composition is similar to that found on widespread Caribbean reefs, indicating that the sponge fauna of Saba Bank is broadly representative of the Caribbean as a whole. A robust population of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, appeared healthy with none of the signs of disease or bleaching reported from other Caribbean reefs; however, more recent reports of anchor chain damage to these sponges suggests that human activities can have dramatic impacts on these communities. Opportunities to protect this extremely large habitat should be pursued, as Saba Bank may serve as a significant reservoir of sponge species diversity.

  17. Passagens de Antiguidade Romana ao Ocidente Medieval: leituras historiográficas de um período limítrofe Passages from Roman Antiquity to the Middle Ages: historiographic lectures of a transition period

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José D'Assunção Barros

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo busca examinar algumas interpretações e perspectivas sob as quais se pode ou tem sido examinada a questão da passagem da Antiguidade Greco-Romana para a Civilização Medieval no ocidente europeu, atentando para as oscilações historiográficas produzidas nestas perspectivas em decorrência de mutações teóricas e metodológicas oriundas dos campos históricos surgidos com as novas tendências do século XX. São discutidas aqui não apenas as teses que têm norteado a compreensão sobre o fim do Império Romano do Ocidente, como também as flutuações entre as demarcações no período de transição que conduz do mundo antigo ao mundo medieval.This article aims to examine some interpretations and perspectives which can be or have been examined with regards to the question of the transition period from Greco-Roman Antiquity to the civilizations of the Middle Ages within Western Europe. It also tries to show the historiographic oscillations produced in these perspectives in consequence of the theoretical and methodological changes in the historiographic fields arising from the new tendencies of the 20th century. The discussion at hand covers not only the theses which have guided the understanding of the end of the Western Roman Empire, but also deals with the fluctuations among the limits in the transition period that leads from antiquity to the medieval world.

  18. TDAH: um sintoma social

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    Giuliana Sorbara

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Ao longo da história médica a definição e a forma de se definir o diagnóstico do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH culminaram em uma medicalização excessiva e questionável de crianças participantes do cenário educacional. Essa medicalização da vida no ambiente escolar se realiza aliada a um processo histórico e social de normatização imposto pela biopolítica, e, consequentemente, um aumento de diagnósticos visando melhorar o desempenho do aluno. Christoph Türcke ao falar sobre os choques imagéticos auxilia na compreensão do TDAH. Para ele, o choque de imagens apresentadas pelos aparatos audiovisuais exerce uma fascinação estética que, ao fornecer sempre novas imagens, estabelece um espaço mental, em regime de atenção excessiva. Novos padrões de socialização, dessa forma, vão se sedimentando no que se pode denominar de uma mutação subjetiva ligada às imagens e, por conseguinte, medicalizada. Enfim, o TDAH encontra-se nesse espaço em que a criança que possui o déficit de atenção é a criança da cultura atual, denominada por cultura High-tech, em que os sintomas do TDAH são da sociedade contemporânea.

  19. Política econômica e Estado Economic policy and State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovani Clark

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O artigo enfoca, pela óptica do direito econômico, as influências das políticas econômicas privadas (basicamente do capital transnacional e dos entes internacionais sobre as políticas econômicas públicas, especialmente as realizadas pelos Estados em desenvolvimento. Enfatiza a mutação do neoliberalismo de regulamentação para o de regulação como exigência dos poderes econômicos privados, identificando entre os seus resultados o enfraquecimento do Estado e a descrença na democracia. E, ainda, defende a existência de espaços para a execução de ações econômicas endógenas por parte dos Estados Nacionais, a fim de viabilizar a eficácia de suas Constituições econômicas e suprir as carências de seus povos.This paper deal with, by Economical Law view, the effects of private economic policy, essentially of foreign capital, and the international organizations above the public economic policy, mainly that politics performed by the development nations. Lay emphasis on the mutation of the regulatory New Liberalism to the regulation as demand of private economic powers, recongnized enter their results: The decline of the State and the unbelief of democracy. Defends existence of spaces for the execution of endogenous economic actions by part of National States, for the purpose of execute effectiveness of their economical constitution and supply the shortage of their people.

  20. Economic policy and state Política econômica e estado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovani Clark

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper deal with, by Economical Law view, the effects of private economic policy, essentially of foreign capital, and the international organizations above the public economic policy, mainly that politics performed by the development nations. Lay emphasis on the mutation of the regulatory New Liberalism to the regulation as demand of private economic powers, recongnized enter their results: The decline of the State and the unbelief of democracy. Defends existence of spaces for the execution of endogenous economic actions by part of National States, for the purpose of execute effectiveness of their economical constitution and supply the shortage of their people.O artigo enfoca, pela ótica do Direito Econômico, as influências das políticas econômicas privadas (basicamente do capital transnacional e dos entes internacionais sobre as políticas econômicas públicas, principalmente as realizadas pelos Estados em desenvolvimento. Enfatiza a mutação do Neoliberalismo de Regulamentação para o de Regulação como exigência dos poderes econômicos privados, identificando entre os seus resultados: o enfraquecimento do Estado e a descrença na Democracia. E ainda, defende a existência de espaços para a execução de ações econômicas endógenas por parte dos Estados nacionais, a fim de viabilizar a eficácia de suas Constituições Econômicas e suprir as carências de seus povos.

  1. Emergence of late-onset placental dysfunction: relationship to the change in uterine artery blood flow resistance between the first and third trimesters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llurba, Elisa; Turan, Ozhan; Kasdaglis, Tania; Harman, Chris R; Baschat, Ahmet A

    2013-06-01

    To test if emergence of third-trimester (T3) placental dysfunction is related to the impedance change in uterine artery blood flow resistance between the first trimester (T1) and T3. Mean T1 and T3 uterine artery (mUtA) pulsatility index (PI) was measured in 1098 singletons. Each patient's individual mUtA-PI change was calculated ([(T3 PI - T1 PI/interval in days)] × 100; ΔmUtA-PI). This parameter and T1 and T3 mUtA-PI z-scores were related to placenta-related disease (PRD) and to constitutionally small neonates (CS). Forty-seven (5%) women had PRD and 83 (8.7%) delivered a CS neonate. T1 and T3 mUtA-PI z-scores were higher with PRD (0.418 versus -0.097 and 1.06 versus -0.13, p Change in mUtA-PI (ΔmUtA PI) was similar for patients with PRD. However, the prevalence of PRD doubled with rising ΔmUtA-PI (11.1% versus 5.2%, p = 0.041). T3 uterine artery Doppler performs significantly better in detecting patients at risk for late-onset PRD than T1 or the gestational age change in uterine artery Doppler resistance This suggests that a proportion of late emerging PRD is not amenable to early screening by uterine artery Doppler. Further research is essential to identify the optimal screening strategy for late-onset placental dysfunction. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

  2. Evaluation of Forest Health Conditions using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hatfield, M. C.; Heutte, T. M.

    2016-12-01

    US Forest Service Alaska Region Forest Health Protection (FHP) and University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration (ACUASI) are evaluating capability of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to monitor forest health conditions in Alaska's Interior Region. In July 2016, the team deployed UAS at locations in the Tanana Valley near Fairbanks in order to familiarize FHP staff with capabilities of UAS for evaluating insect and disease damage. While many potential uses of UAS to evaluate and monitor forest health can be envisioned, this project focused on use of a small UAS for rapid assessment of insect and disease damage. Traditional ground-based methods are limited by distance from ground to canopy and inaccessibility of forest stands due to terrain conditions. Observation from fixed-wing aircraft provide a broad overview of conditions but are limited by minimum safe flying altitude (500' AGL) and aircraft speed ( 100 mph). UAS may provide a crucial bridge to fill in gaps between ground and airborne methods, and offer significant cost savings and greater flexibility over helicopter-based observations. Previous uses of UAS for forest health monitoring are limited - this project focuses on optimizing choice of vehicle, sensors, resolution and area scanned from different altitudes, and use of visual spectrum vs NIR image collection. The vehicle selected was the ACUASI Ptarmigan, a small hexacopter (based on DJI S800 airframe and 3DR autopilot) capable of carrying a 1.5 kg payload for 15 min for close-range environmental monitoring missions. Sites were chosen for conditions favorable to UAS operation and presence of forest insect and disease agents including spruce broom rust, aspen leaf miner, birch leaf roller, and willow leafblotch miner. A total of 29 flights were conducted with 9000+ images collected. Mission variables included camera height, UAS speed, and medium- (Sony NEX-7) vs low-resolution (GoPro Hero) cameras. Invaluable

  3. BLM Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Resource Management Operations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hatfield, M. C.; Breen, A. L.; Thurau, R.

    2016-12-01

    The Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management is funding research at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to study Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Resource Management Operations. In August 2015, the team conducted flight research at UAF's Toolik Field Station (TFS). The purpose was to determine the most efficient use of small UAS to collect low-altitude airborne digital stereo images, process the stereo imagery into close-range photogrammetry products, and integrate derived imagery products into the BLM's National Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) Strategy. The AIM Strategy assists managers in answering questions of land resources at all organizational levels and develop management policy at regional and national levels. In Alaska, the BLM began to implement its AIM strategy in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A) in 2012. The primary goals of AIM-monitoring at the NPR-A are to implement an ecological baseline to monitor ecological trends, and to develop a monitoring network to understand the efficacy of management decisions. The long-term AIM strategy also complements other ongoing NPR-A monitoring processes, collects multi-use and multi-temporal data, and supports understanding of ecosystem management strategies in order to implement defensible natural resource management policy. The campaign measured vegetation types found in the NPR-A, using UAF's TFS location as a convenient proxy. The vehicle selected was the ACUASI Ptarmigan, a small hexacopter (based on DJI S800 airframe and 3DR autopilot) capable of carrying a 1.5 kg payload for 15 min for close-range environmental monitoring missions. The payload was a stereo camera system consisting of Sony NEX7's with various lens configurations (16/20/24/35 mm). A total of 77 flights were conducted over a 4 ½ day period, with 1.5 TB of data collected. Mission variables included camera height, UAS speed, transect overlaps, and camera lenses/settings. Invaluable knowledge was gained as to

  4. Characterization of Genotoxic Response to 15 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Variable Physicochemical Properties Including Surface Functionalizations in the FE1-Muta(TM) Mouse Lung Epithelial Cell Line

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jackson, Petra; Kling, Kirsten; Jensen, Keld Alstrup

    2015-01-01

    Carbon nanotubes vary greatly in physicochemical properties. We compared cytotoxic and genotoxic response to 15 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with varying physicochemical properties to identify drivers of toxic responses. The studied MWCNT included OECD Working Party on Manufactured...... Nanomaterials (WPMN) (NM-401, NM-402, and NM-403), materials (NRCWE-026 and MWCNT-XNRI-7), and three sets of surface-modified MWCNT grouped by physical characteristics (thin, thick, and short I-III, respectively). Each Groups I-III included pristine, hydroxylated and carboxylated MWCNT. Group III also included...... an amino-functionalized MWCNT. The level of surface functionalization of the MWCNT was low. The level and type of elemental impurities of the MWCNT varied by...

  5. 11. Traditional and Innovative Methods in Approaching Music Styles. Pedagogical Implications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iaţeşen Loredana Viorica

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The approach to music styles entails an in-depth musicological analysis aimed at synthesizing numerous bibliographical sources belonging to different fields and directions of research. A chronological overview of studies (Jean Molino, Fait musical et sémiologie de la musique, 1975; Jean Jaques Nattiez, Quelques reflexions du style, 1993; R. J. Pascall, Style, in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1994; Jean Jaques Nattiez, La musique de l’avenir, in Musique. Une Encyclopédie pour le XXI siècle, 2003; Mario Baroni, Stil şi mutaţii stilistice în tradiţia muzicală europeană, in Musique Une encyclopédie pour le XXI siècle, 2006 and of universal (Leonard Meyer, Explaining Music, 1973; Charles Rosen, Le style classique: Haydn. Mozart, Beethoven, 1978; Leonard B. Meyer, Style and Music. Theory, History and Ideology, 1989; and Romanian specialised literature (Cornel Ţăranu, Elemente de stilistică muzicală (sec. XX, 1981; Edgar Papu, Despre stiluri, 1986; Valentina Sandu-Dediu, Alegeri Atitudini Afecte, 2010; Vasile Iliuţ, O carte a stilurilor muzicale, 2011; Valentin Timaru, Stilistică muzicală, 2014 from the late 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, reveal the different and, more often than not, contrasting views of historians, analysts, aestheticians, philosophers, scholars and educators, starting from the meaning of the very idea of style, to the reception of this phenomenon in contemporaneity. On these grounds, this study proposes a systematization of the most relevant landmarks in documentation to date, for the purpose of applying them from a didactic perspective.

  6. Genome-scale metabolic model of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the reconciliation of in silico/in vivo mutant growth

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    Background Over the last decade, the genome-scale metabolic models have been playing increasingly important roles in elucidating metabolic characteristics of biological systems for a wide range of applications including, but not limited to, system-wide identification of drug targets and production of high value biochemical compounds. However, these genome-scale metabolic models must be able to first predict known in vivo phenotypes before it is applied towards these applications with high confidence. One benchmark for measuring the in silico capability in predicting in vivo phenotypes is the use of single-gene mutant libraries to measure the accuracy of knockout simulations in predicting mutant growth phenotypes. Results Here we employed a systematic and iterative process, designated as Reconciling In silico/in vivo mutaNt Growth (RING), to settle discrepancies between in silico prediction and in vivo observations to a newly reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, SpoMBEL1693. The predictive capabilities of the genome-scale metabolic model in predicting single-gene mutant growth phenotypes were measured against the single-gene mutant library of S. pombe. The use of RING resulted in improving the overall predictive capability of SpoMBEL1693 by 21.5%, from 61.2% to 82.7% (92.5% of the negative predictions matched the observed growth phenotype and 79.7% the positive predictions matched the observed growth phenotype). Conclusion This study presents validation and refinement of a newly reconstructed metabolic model of the yeast S. pombe, through improving the metabolic model’s predictive capabilities by reconciling the in silico predicted growth phenotypes of single-gene knockout mutants, with experimental in vivo growth data. PMID:22631437

  7. Anoftalmia bilateral como defeito congênito isolado: uma abordagem etiológica e psicossocial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Davi Corso

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available A anoftalmia é uma condição oftalmológica rara, caracterizada pela ausência de um ou ambos os olhos, de etiologia não elucidada, podendo ser congênita, adquirida ou associada a outras síndromes sistêmicas. Quanto à etiologia, já foram descritas na literatura aberrações cromossômicas, mutações genéticas e fatores ambientais como responsáveis pelo surgimento da anomalia. Não existe consenso sobre a real incidência da anoftalmia, devido à escassez em dados oficiais, principalmente no Brasil. Neste estudo relata-se um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino que apresenta anoftalmia bilateral congênita, sem outras anormalidades. Foram utilizados dados compilados do prontuário médico hospitalar, exames laboratoriais e de imagem realizados durante a internação, bem como exames solicitados no acompanhamento clínico pós-alta e um questionário aplicado aos responsáveis legais pela paciente. Os fatores genéticos e não genéticos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de anomalias, assim como as complicações estéticas e psicossociais advindas da anoftalmia foram discutidos. Conclui-se que o fator idade pode estar relacionado ao aparecimento da anoftalmia e que a maior divulgação desta rara anomalia congênita propiciará aos profissionais da saúde, especialmente aos oftalmologistas, conhecimentos adicionais para lidar com os aspectos físicos, humanísticos e sociais envolvidos no atendimento do paciente e de seus familiares, minimizando a gravidade e abrangência dos seus efeitos.

  8. Melhoramento genético da bananeira: estratégias e tecnologias disponíveis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A banana cultivada 107 países, em uma área de 4,1 milhões de hectares e produção de 95 milhões de toneladas, é segunda fruta mais produzida do mundo. A bananeira é atacada por vírus (CMV e BSV, fungos (Sigatoka amarela e negra, mal-do-Panamá, bactéria (Moko, nematoide e insetos (Broca do rizoma. No entanto, por meio do melhoramento genético é possível obter resistência a maioria das pragas e doenças. O centro de origem de grande parte do germoplasma de Musa spp. é o Continente Asiático, onde são encontradas bananeiras diploides, triploides tetraploides, com genomas de Musa acuminta e M. balbisiana. No melhoramento de banana, feito principalmente para resistência às doenças, são usados os seguintes métodos: introdução e seleção de clones; hibridação (cruzamentos de diploides com diploides, triploides com diploides e diploides com tetraploides; duplicação de cromossomos; mutação e transgenia. Os métodos que envolvem hibridação, embora sejam os mais usados, apresentam limitações como a partenocarpia, a esterilidade; o número variável de ploidia e a baixa produção de sementes. Todo material produzido no programa, é depois avaliado nas regiões produtoras de banana. Atualmente novas técnicas de melhoramento, baseadas em informações genéticas de Musa spp. estão sendo incrementadas.

  9. A framework for the use of single-chemical transcriptomics data in predicting the hazards associated with complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Labib, Sarah; Williams, Andrew; Kuo, Byron; Yauk, Carole L; White, Paul A; Halappanavar, Sabina

    2017-07-01

    The assumption of additivity applied in the risk assessment of environmental mixtures containing carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated using transcriptomics. MutaTMMouse were gavaged for 28 days with three doses of eight individual PAHs, two defined mixtures of PAHs, or coal tar, an environmentally ubiquitous complex mixture of PAHs. Microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung tissue collected 3 days post-exposure. Cancer-related pathways perturbed by the individual or mixtures of PAHs were identified, and dose-response modeling of the DEGs was conducted to calculate gene/pathway benchmark doses (BMDs). Individual PAH-induced pathway perturbations (the median gene expression changes for all genes in a pathway relative to controls) and pathway BMDs were applied to models of additivity [i.e., concentration addition (CA), generalized concentration addition (GCA), and independent action (IA)] to generate predicted pathway-specific dose-response curves for each PAH mixture. The predicted and observed pathway dose-response curves were compared to assess the sensitivity of different additivity models. Transcriptomics-based additivity calculation showed that IA accurately predicted the pathway perturbations induced by all mixtures of PAHs. CA did not support the additivity assumption for the defined mixtures; however, GCA improved the CA predictions. Moreover, pathway BMDs derived for coal tar were comparable to BMDs derived from previously published coal tar-induced mouse lung tumor incidence data. These results suggest that in the absence of tumor incidence data, individual chemical-induced transcriptomics changes associated with cancer can be used to investigate the assumption of additivity and to predict the carcinogenic potential of a mixture.

  10. Mestre ou aprendiz: faces de um narrador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Antonio Ribas Hauck

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Narrar é, segundo Benjamim, uma forma de intercambiar experiências, e se direcionarmos nosso olhar para o sujeito dessa narrativa, o teremos em duas funções: ora como narrador mestre, ora como narrador aprendiz. Contar estórias é um instrumento útil para evitar o esquecimento e para provocar uma abertura de espaço para a criação. O presente artigo apresenta uma das inúmeras possíveis leituras sobre as estratégias utilizadas por Mia Couto, em Terra sonâmbula, na criação de sujeitos que narram, que contam estórias. Uma busca por esses narradores em trânsito, narradores flutuantes ou nômades. Sujeitos em constante ir e vir, transitando e destransitando entre mundos aparentemente paradoxais, mas que se encontram separados por uma tênue linha, que, a qualquer momento, pode fazer com que mestre e aprendiz troquem de campo e função, ou até mesmo exerçam ambas. Os dois aprendem estórias novas e contam estórias antigas em um ir-evir espaço-temporal. O comportamento desses narradores é marcado por viagens e mutações ininterruptas. Constituinte de uma literatura atravessada por elementos insólitos, em um trabalho minucioso com a linguagem e em constante diálogo com a tradição moçambicana, esse comportamento tornase referencial para a compreensão da história política e cultural do país.Palavras-chave: Narrador; Benjamin; Hibridismo; Oratura; Identidade.

  11. PALLETS, A LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS: A STUDY TO DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN TO SUSTAINABILITY

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    Rita de Castro Engler

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância do design transdisciplinar voltado para sustentabilidade, relacionando diferentes campos do saber com relevantes questoes e problemas complexos (wicked problems – consumo e produçao, sustentabilidade, gestao de pessoas e processos, tecnologia, excesso de informaçoes, relaçao homem e objeto, cultura, identidade, entre outros – que permeiam o atual cenário fluido e em constante mutaçao. A resoluçao de problemas complexos e perversos nao deve ser entendida como responsabilidade somente dos atores políticos, novas redes devem ser criadas entre indivíduos, empresas e o poder público, associando a criatividade e o empreendedorismo para geraçao de valores compartilhados e soluçoes potenciais em prol da sustentabilidade. A gestao compartilhada de problemas vai ser discutida através de uma metodologia descritiva de estudo de caso em duas comunidades diferentes, mas com propósitos semelhantes. As comunidades do município de Jeceaba (MG e bairro Jardim Canadá (Nova Lima, MG, que reaproveitaram resíduos (paletes descartados para produçao de mobiliários e adornos, com o intuito de minimizar os impactos ambientais, porém uma aplica a metodologia do design no processo criativo e na execuçao das peças enquanto a outra nao adota a metodologia em respeito as limitaçoes locais. A análise desses estudos leva a compreensao da importância do design que produz projetos economicamente eficientes, socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis.

  12. BIBLIOTECAS VIVAS E INCLUSÃO INFORMACIONAL: UMA PERSPECTIVA PARA O USO DO DESIGN DA INFORMAÇÃO NA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL EM ESPAÇOS INFORMACIONAIS HÍBRIDOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosângela Formentini Caldas

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A biblioteca, como um organismo vivo, em constante mutação, se transforma em direção ao desenvolvimento da sociedade. Estes são espaços híbridos, onde tecnologias tradicionais e digitais se interagem e complementam para oferecer produtos e serviços que proporcionem a inclusão sócio digital dos usuários. Nesse cenário, as possibilidades de armazenamento da informação em suportes tradicionais e digitais constituem-se em fatores determinantes na composição de espaços informacionais educacionais. Frente o exposto, a presente pesquisa propõe levantar os aspectos relevantes e positivos que a inserção de um espaço híbrido em uma biblioteca pode gerar no favorecimento da inclusão social. Desta forma, propõe-se como objetivo geral verificar de que forma a articulação entre tecnologias analógicas e digitais podem contribuir para a formação de bibliotecas vivas no apoio à inclusão social. A presente pesquisa é qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico. Para a análise e discussão dos dados, utiliza-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Pretende-se contribuir para literatura da área, na medida em que se entende que, as bibliotecas devem interligar a população às informações geradas no dia-a-dia, estando em constante atualização para disponibilizar as informações aos seus usuários em suportes tradicionais e digitais.

  13. Cenários prospectivos das organizações de mídia impressa e horizontes para a carreira de jornalista: tensões, responsabilidades e mutações estruturais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Arruda Mortara

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2178-4582.2014v48n1p124 Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender, por meio da teoria de cenários, quais podem ser as atribuições e responsabilidades que farão parte do cotidiano de trabalho de um profissional do jornalismo impresso no Brasil e em quais contextos de estrutura organizacional e demanda por conteúdo possivelmente exercerá sua atividade dentro de cinco anos. Com base nas principais teorias de carreira e suas alternativas, construiu-se ensaio teórico sobre as prospecções das tensões que marcam a relação entre jornalistas e empresas de mídia. A compreensão do histórico destas relações, bem como o das relações de consumo como cultura social, somada a um entendimento do contexto em que vivemos, reunirá elementos e hipóteses que sinalizem por quais caminhos seguem demanda e oferta de informação. Paralelamente, apresenta um panorama das transformações na carreira do jornalista. A partir destes indicativos, foram construídos possíveis cenários de tarefas e ambientes em que os profissionais do jornalismo atuarão.

  14. Endocardites sépticas: (contribuição etiopatogênica Septic endocardites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Guilherme Lacorte

    1944-08-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper the A. A. reviewed the more fundamental problems in the ethiopathogenic process of bacterial endocardits and report the bacte¬riological observations done by them in 20 cases of the disecase observed at the Section of Pathological Anatomy and Bacteriology of the Hospital S. Francisco de Assis in charge of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. The A.A. isolated Pneumococcus from 10 out the 20 cases, Gonococcus from 2, Staphylococcus from 2, Streptococcus from 5 and Friedlaender bacil¬lus from 1 . The A.A. mainly lay stress on the necessity of the bacteriological exa¬minations being made by a specialist, owing to the difficulties sometimes met with and to the consequences of a detailed examination of the isolated germ.Expomos e analisamos, no presente trabalho, as principais idéias emitidas acerca das endocardites sépticas. De grande importância foram as de Schottmueller sôbre o caráter autônomo da endocardite lenta, assim a especificidade do seu agente etiológico. Observações posteriores trouxeram restrições à teoria desse autor e as nossas se encontram nesse número, conforme se poderá ver no capitulo anterior. Além do Streptococcus viridans muitas outras bactérias têm ocasionado casos clínicos típicos de endocardite lenta ou sub-aguda. Outro ponto para o qual se têm dirigido os pesquisadores é o que trata da mutação do Streptococcus haemohjticus em Streptococcus viridans, o pri¬meiro dado como mais freqüente nas endocardites agudas. A tendência dos modernos autores é nesse sentido e nós temos observado, não raro, mutações dessa natureza. Há mesmo autores que admitem uma só espécie de estrepto-coco não passando de acidentes ocasionados por diferentes fatores físicos, químicos e biológicos as características descritas pelos que admitem várias espécies. As hemoculturas nem sempre foram positivas nos nossos casos, o que têm acontecido a todos os autores que estudaram o assunto. Em primeiro

  15. Doença granulomatosa crônica autossômica: relato de caso e análise genético-molecular de dois irmãos brasileiros Autosomal chronic granulomatous disease: case report and mutation analysis of two Brazilian siblings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Prando-Andrade

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar dois casos de irmãos com doença granulomatosa crônica. A doença granulomatosa crônica é uma imunodeficiência primária caracterizada por atividade microbicida deficiente. Mutações no gene que codifica a proteína p47-phox (NCF-1 estão presentes em 30% dos casos de doença granulomatosa crônica. Essa forma da doença é de herança autossômica recessiva e resulta em fenótipo de evolução mais benigno e início tardio em relação à forma ligada ao X, que corresponde a 56% dos casos. DESCRIÇÃO: Caso 1 - paciente feminina, iniciou infecções de repetição aos 10 anos, com impetigo, seguido de pneumonia grave 6 meses após. A gravidade da infecção pulmonar associada a abscesso hepático e sua refratariedade ao tratamento demandaram investigação laboratorial para imunodeficiência, com teste do nitroblue tetrazolium e dosagem de ânion superóxido compatíveis com doença granulomatosa crônica. A avaliação dos familiares confirmou o mesmo diagnóstico em seu irmão (Caso 2, que também iniciou infecções de repetição com impetigo aos 10 anos e pneumonia 6 meses após, porém tratada com sucesso ambulatorialmente. A análise de polimorfismo conformacional de cadeia simples revelou alteração da mobilidade eletroforética do éxon 2 do gene NCF-1. Identificou-se uma deleção dos nucleotídeos GT no éxon 2 por seqüenciamento do DNA. COMENTÁRIOS: Este estudo mostra a importância da avaliação de familiares, mesmo quando não apresentam história clínica típica de doença granulomatosa crônica. A identificação da mutação e sua correlação com o fenótipo dos pacientes é importante para estabelecer o prognóstico e o aconselhamento genético.OBJECTIVE: To report the case of two siblings with chronic granulomatous disease. Chronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal microbicidal activity. Mutations in the p47-phox gene (NCF-1 are present in

  16. Quadro clínico e nutricional de pacientes com fibrose cística: 20 anos de seguimento no HC-UFMG Clinical and nutritional aspects of a Center of Cystic Fibrosis-HC-UFMG: 20 years of follow-up

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. J. C. Reis

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: A fibrose cística (FC é a doença genética letal, de herança autossômica recessiva, mais comum entre pacientes de cor branca. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar o quadro clínico e nutricional à admissão dos pacientes no Centro de Tratamento de FC do HC-UFMG e avaliar a sobrevida a longo prazo. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Em um período de 20 anos, 127 pacientes portadores de FC foram acompanhados longitudinalmente e submetidos a protocolo previamente estabelecido, após confirmação do diagnóstico pelo teste do suor. Foram obtidos na admissão dados demográficos, da apresentação clínica, nutricionais e laboratoriais. O genótipo foi obtido de 106 pacientes pela técnica do PCR. Os pacientes foram seguidos por mediana de 44 meses. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada utilizando-se o método de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: A mediana da idade do diagnóstico da FC foi de 33 meses. A manifestação clínica predominante na época do diagnóstico foi a associação de sintomas respiratórios e gastrointestinais crônicos, presentes em 61% das crianças. A mutação mais freqüente encontrada foi a deltaF508: 17 pacientes (16% eram homozigotos para essa mutação e 30 (28% eram heterozigotos. Houve uma prevalência de desnutrição à admissão de 63% tendo sido reduzida para 45% ao final do seguimento. Um total 20 pacientes (15,7% evoluiu para o óbito. A probabilidade estimada de sobrevida nos primeiros 12 meses após o diagnóstico foi de 96% e após 5 anos de seguimento de 80%. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico da FC é ainda tardio em nosso meio e a sobrevida é menor quando comparada a dados internacionais. O seguimento desses pacientes em centro especializado permitiu uma melhora no estado nutricional apesar da inerente evolução da doença.BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF is the most common severe autosomal recessive disease in caucasian population. The life expectancy of patients with CF has improved

  17. Deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina: diagnóstico e tratamento Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: diagnosis and treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aquiles A Camelier

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available A deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina é um distúrbio genético de descoberta recente e que ocorre com freqüência comparável à da fibrose cística. Resulta de diferentes mutações no gene SERPINA1 e tem diversas implicações clínicas. A alfa-1 antitripsina é produzida principalmente no fígado e atua como uma antiprotease. Tem como principal função inativar a elastase neutrofílica, impedindo a ocorrência de dano tecidual. A mutação mais freqüentemente relacionada à doença clínica é o alelo Z, que determina polimerização e acúmulo dentro dos hepatócitos. O acúmulo e a conseqüente redução dos níveis séricos de alfa-1 antitripsina determinam, respectivamente, doença hepática e pulmonar, sendo que esta se manifesta principalmente sob a forma de enfisema de aparecimento precoce, habitualmente com predomínio basal. O diagnóstico envolve a detecção de níveis séricos reduzidos de alfa-1 antitripsina e a confirmação fenotípica. Além do tratamento usual para doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, existe atualmente uma terapia específica com infusão de concentrados de alfa-1 antitripsina. Essa terapia de reposição, aparentemente segura, ainda não teve a eficácia clínica definitivamente comprovada, e o custo-efetividade também é um tema controverso e ainda pouco abordado. Apesar da sua importância, não existem dados epidemiológicos brasileiros a respeito da prevalência da doença ou da freqüência de ocorrência dos alelos deficientes. O subdiagnóstico também tem sido uma importante limitação tanto para o estudo da doença quanto para o tratamento adequado dos pacientes. Espera-se que a criação do Registro Internacional de Alfa-1 venha a resolver essas e outras importantes questões.Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a recently identified genetic disease that occurs almost as frequently as cystic fibrosis. It is caused by various mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, and has numerous clinical

  18. Doença de von Willebrand e anestesia Enfermedad de von Willebrand y anestesia Von Willebrand's disease and anesthesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiano Timbó Barbosa

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença de von Willebrand ocorre devido à mutação no cromossomo 12 e é caracterizada por deficiência qualitativa ou quantitativa do fator de von Willebrand. A diversidade de mutações leva ao aparecimento das mais variadas manifestações clínicas possibilitando a divisão dos pacientes em vários tipos e subtipos clínicos. A coagulopatia se manifesta basicamente através da disfunção plaquetária associada à diminuição dos níveis séricos do fator VIII coagulante. O objetivo dessa revisão foi mostrar os cuidados relacionados aos pacientes portadores da doença de von Willebrand durante o período perioperatório. CONTEÚDO: Foram definidas as características da doença de von Willebrand quanto à fisiopatologia, à classificação, ao diagnóstico laboratorial, ao tratamento atual e aos cuidados com o manuseio do paciente no período perioperatório. CONCLUSÕES: A doença de von Willebrand é o distúrbio hemorrágico hereditário mais comum, porém ela é subdiagnosticada pela complexidade da própria doença. A correta classificação do paciente, o uso apropriado da desmopressina e a transfusão do fator de von Willebrand são medidas fundamentais para a realização do procedimento anestésico bem-sucedido.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La enfermedad de von Willebrand ocurre debido a la mutación en el cromosoma 12 y se caracteriza por la deficiencia cualitativa o cuantitativa del factor de von Willebrand. La diversidad de mutaciones conlleva al aparecimiento de las más variadas manifestaciones clínicas posibilitando la división de los pacientes en varios tipos y subtipos clínicos. La coagulopatía se manifiesta básicamente a través de la disfunción plaquetaria asociada con la disminución de los niveles séricos del factor VIII coagulante. El objetivo de esa revisión fue mostrar los cuidados relacionados con las pacientes portadoras de la enfermedad de von Willebrand durante el per

  19. Sarcocystis caninum and Sarcocystis svanai n. spp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Associated with Severe Myositis and Hepatitis in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dubey, J. P.; Sykes, J. E.; Shelton, G. D.; Sharp, N.; Verma, S. K.; Calero-Bernal, R.; Viviano, J.; Sundar, N.; Khan, A.; Grigg, M. E.

    2014-01-01

    , a parasite known to infect Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus). PMID:25256157

  20. Trophic relationships in an Arctic food web and implications for trace metal transfer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dehn, Larissa-A. [Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7000 (United States)]. E-mail: ftld@uaf.edu; Follmann, Erich H. [Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7000 (United States); Thomas, Dana L. [Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-6660 (United States); Sheffield, Gay G. [Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99701-1599 (United States); Rosa, Cheryl [Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7000 (United States); Duffy, Lawrence K. [Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7000 (United States); O' Hara, Todd M. [Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7000 (United States)

    2006-06-01

    Tissues of subsistence-harvested Arctic mammals were analyzed for silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (THg). Muscle (or total body homogenates of potential fish and invertebrate prey) was analyzed for stable carbon ({delta} {sup 13}C) and nitrogen ({delta} {sup 15}N) isotopes to establish trophic interactions within the Arctic food chain. Food web magnification factors (FWMFs) and biomagnification factors for selected predator-prey scenarios (BMFs) were calculated to describe pathways of heavy metals in the Alaskan Arctic. FWMFs in this study indicate that magnification of selected heavy metals in the Arctic food web is not significant. Biomagnification of Cd occurs mainly in kidneys; calculated BMFs are higher for hepatic THg than renal THg for all predator-prey scenarios with the exception of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). In bears, the accumulation of renal THg is approximately 6 times higher than in liver. Magnification of hepatic Ag is minimal for all selected predator-prey scenarios. Though polar bears occupy a higher trophic level than belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), based on {delta} {sup 15}N, the metal concentrations are either not statistically different between the two species or lower for bears. Similarly, concentrations of renal and hepatic Cd are significantly lower or not statistically different in polar bears compared to ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), their primary prey. THg, on the other hand, increased significantly from seal to polar bear tissues. Mean {delta} {sup 15}N was lowest in muscle of Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and foxes also show the lowest levels of Hg, Cd and Ag in liver and kidney compared to the other species analyzed. These values are in good agreement with a diet dominated by terrestrial prey. Metal deposition in animal tissues is strongly dependent on biological factors such as diet, age, sex, body condition and health, and caution should be taken when interpreting magnification of