WorldWideScience

Sample records for prostitution

  1. Prostitution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Kirsten Grønbæk; Henningsen, Inge Biehl; Pedersen, Bodil Maria

    2016-01-01

    It is estimated that globally 40-42 million people are involved in prostitution (Fondation Scelles, 2012), and that 70% of the women engaged in prostitution in Western Countries are migrants. As involved criminal groups earn around 3 billion USD a year, prostitution is assumed to be one of the most...... organisations such as the UN and the EU. On the one hand it is argued that a general decriminalisation of all practices concerning prostitution should be legalised and normalised, including procuring. Lately, Amnesty International advocated full decriminalisation/legalisation of all aspects of prostitution......, including procuring. On the other hand, this has been publically criticised by organisations like Equality Now, anti-trafficking organisations and networks of researchers from over 30 countries including Denmark, where the criminalisation of costumers has also been advocated....

  2. Girl prostitution in India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mukhopadhyay, K K

    1995-01-01

    This article discusses the nature, magnitude, causes, and consequences of female child prostitution in India and offers measures for control and prevention of girl prostitution. Data are obtained from the 6-city study of prostitution and the author's own research. An estimated 85% of all prostitutes in Calcutta and Delhi entered the work at an early age. The numbers are rising. The promotion of tourism is linked with prostitution. Girl prostitutes are primarily located in low-middle income areas and business districts and are known by officials. Brothel keepers regularly recruit young girls. An estimated 33% of prostitutes are young girls. In Bangalore, Calcutta, Delhi, and Hyderabad, there are an estimated 10,000 girl prostitutes. UNICEF estimates about 300,000 child prostitutes. Girl prostitutes are grouped as common prostitutes, singers and dancers, call girls, religious prostitutes or devdasi, and caged brothel prostitutes. Religious prostitutes are mainly found in the South. Caged ones are found in Bombay. A little over 50% of prostitutes come from other countries, such as Nepal and Bangladesh. The girls tend to come from urban slums and poor rural areas. High prostitute supply regions include Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengel states. About 85% are Hindus, and about 66% are from scheduled castes and tribes. Bangalore and Bombay have a higher proportion of girl prostitutes. The causes of prostitution include ill treatment by parents, bad company, family prostitutes, social customs, inability to arrange marriage, lack of sex education, media, prior incest and rape, early marriage and desertion, lack of recreational facilities, ignorance, and acceptance of prostitution. Economic causes include poverty and economic distress. Psychological causes include desire for physical pleasure, greed, and dejection. Most enter involuntarily. A brief profile is given of the life of a prostitute.

  3. Philosophical Prostitution

    OpenAIRE

    Amihud Gilead

    2010-01-01

    Problem statement: This research was needed because some philosophers were subject to a form of blindness concerning prostitution. This blindness was caused mainly by a lack of philosophical insights. The context of the work was that valid arguments without such insights must be blind. In the case of prostitution, I termed such blindness a philosophical prostitution: First of all, this was to indicate that such an opinion on prostitution was a philosophical artifact or fiction, entirely unawa...

  4. The Attitudes toward Prostitutes and Prostitution Scale: A New Tool for Measuring Public Attitudes toward Prostitutes and Prostitution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levin, Lia; Peled, Einat

    2011-01-01

    Contemporary developments in social attitudes toward prostitution and prostitutes influence both social policies and the social work profession. Understanding individuals' attitudes toward these issues is necessary for the development of social interventions and policies aimed at reducing stigmata attached to them. This article describes a new…

  5. Prostitution, AIDS, and preventive health behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campbell, C A

    1991-01-01

    Although considerable attention has been placed on the role of prostitutes in the AIDS epidemic, little attention has been directed to features of prostitutes' work lives which are relevant to the control of AIDS. This article reviews several aspects of prostitution in the United States which have implications for control of the epidemic. The article first reviews the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among prostitutes. The legalized system of prostitution in Nevada serves as a basis for comparison to illegal prostitution. This article examines the effectiveness of mandatory testing of prostitutes for monitoring and controlling the epidemic. And finally, a peer education approach as a means to control HIV infection among prostitutes is explored.

  6. Child prostitution: magnitude and related problems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ayalew, T; Berhane, Y

    2000-07-01

    In Ethiopia, very little is known about prostitution in general and about child prostitution in particular. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of child prostitution and to identify problems associated with it. A cross-sectional study design was utilized. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. A total of 650 commercial sex workers were interviewed. Eighty eight (13.5%) were below the age of 18 years at the time of data collection. At the time of joining prostitution 268 (41.2%) were under 18 years of age. Poverty, disagreement with family, and peer influence were the major reasons leading to prostitution. Child prostitutes were likely to be victim of physical violence [OR = (95% C.I.) = 1.93(1.18,3.15)] and sexual violence [OR = (95% C.I.) = 2.20(1.36,3.35)] compared to adult prostitutes. Child prostitutes were about five times more likely to desire rejoining their family than the adult prostitutes [OR = (95% C.I) = 5.47(3.01;9.93)]. Strategies need to be developed to rescue child prostitutes from on-job violence, and to establish a rehabilitation program for those interested to discontinue prostitution along with efforts to minimize entry into prostitution.

  7. [Street prostitution and drug addiction].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishøy, Torben; Ishøy, Pelle Lau; Olsen, Lis Raabaek

    2005-09-26

    Street-based prostitution accounts for 10% of the prostitution activity in Denmark, mainly involving female drug addicts. We studied a group of women with a common history of substance abuse and their comparative psychosocial characteristics, correlated with whether they had previously been a prostitute or not. Their psychic symptoms were evaluated and compared with those of controls. 27 females receiving maintenance treatment for substance abuse completed a questionnaire dealing with their social background, substance abuse profile, and history of sexual abuse and prostitution, as well as their current health status, including SCL-90. The scores were compared to those of a control group of an age- and gender-matched Danish standard population. Neglect in childhood and adulthood corresponded to international findings. 14 of the women had previous sex-trading experience, and early use of heroin and cocaine was a predictor for starting a career in prostitution. The SCL-90 scores for the dimensions of somatization and depression were significantly higher for drug-abusing women in general than in the control group. The scores of drug-abusing former prostitutes were similarly significantly higher on most of the dimensions except the hostility dimension when compared to those of drug-abusing women who had never been involved in prostitution. Rape and domestic violence were characteristic phenomena among drug-abusing prostitutes (p prostitution. Various psychosocial stress factors among street-based prostitutes indicate the need for broader psychiatric approaches in Danish drug addiction maintenance programmes.

  8. Migratory Prostitution with Emphasis on Europe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    M&oring;rdh; Genç

    1995-03-01

    In many European countries, foreigners constitute the majority of certain groups of prostitutes, e.g., approximately 90% of the window prostitutes in the red light district of Amsterdam are not native to the Netherlands. The same is true for prostitutes working in bars in Vienna. In cities where registered prostitution is legal, unregistered prostitutes, most of whom are foreigners, often outnumber the registered ones. Central European countries often receive "sex workers" from eastern Europe, e.g., from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania, whereas the majority of migratory prostitutes in Great Britain and continental western Europe come from Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. In northern Europe, women from Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and the Baltic states are prostituting themselves in increasing numbers. Scandinavia has so far been affected relatively less by this mobility. In Spain, France, and Italy, women from Arabic and subSaharan countries are common among prostitutes. Foreign prostitutes move into Turkey along two main routes: women from the Balkan countries come to the western part of the country, whereas those from the former Soviet Union cross the border from Georgia, where they usually operate at resorts along the eastern Black Sea coast. Prostitutes are also mobile within the former communist bloc. For instance, women from Russia prostitute themselves in Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. the customers are locals, particularly those with "hard currency", such as businessmen and "sex tourists" from the West. Following the outbreak of civil war in the former Yugoslavia, women from that country are now more frequently seen among the population of migratory prostitutes in Europe.

  9. A Comparison of Delinquent Prostitutes and Delinquent Non-Prostitutes on Self-Concept.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bour, Daria S.; And Others

    1984-01-01

    Compared social and demographic statistics and self-concept in 50 delinquent females (25 prostitutes and 25 nonprostitutes). Results indicated early sexual intercourse and a positive physical self-image were related to prostitution. (JAC)

  10. Prostitution, disability and prohibition

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomsen, Frej Klem

    2015-01-01

    Criminalisation of prostitution, and minority rights for disabled persons, are important contemporary political issues. The article examines their intersection by analysing the conditions and arguments for making a legal exception for disabled persons to a general prohibition against purchasing...... sexual services. It explores the badness of prostitution, focusing on and discussing the argument that prostitution harms prostitutes, considers forms of regulation and the arguments for and against with emphasis on a liberty-based objection to prohibition, and finally presents and analyses three...... arguments for a legal exception, based on sexual rights, beneficence, and luck egalitarianism, respectively. It concludes that although the general case for and against criminalisation is complicated there is a good case for a legal exception....

  11. Unge og prostitution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Dan

    En national undersøgelse af unges prostitutionserfaringer samt en kvalitativ undersøgelse af socialpædagogers blik for prostitution som social problemstilling......En national undersøgelse af unges prostitutionserfaringer samt en kvalitativ undersøgelse af socialpædagogers blik for prostitution som social problemstilling...

  12. Prostitution i et borgerperspektiv

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Løvstad, Charlotte Vange

    2017-01-01

    En case hvor borgeren beskriver hvordan prostitution oplevelse og hvordan indsatserne virker for den enkelte.......En case hvor borgeren beskriver hvordan prostitution oplevelse og hvordan indsatserne virker for den enkelte....

  13. Prostitution i Danmark

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kofod, Jens Erik; Frøkjær Dyrvig, Theresa; Markwardt, Kristoffer

    Denne rapport præsenterer resultaterne af SFI’s kortlægning af prostitution i Danmark. Rapporten belyser omfanget af prostitution og de prostitueredes levevilkår. Rapporten er dels baseret på en omfattende kvalitativ interviewundersøgelse blandt nuværende og tidligere prostituerede samt relevante...... livssituation særligt er knyttet til, om de føler sig økonomisk afhængige eller uafhængige af penge fra prostitution, og om de føler sig socialt inkluderet eller ekskluderet af samfundet. Kortlægningen viser, at gruppen af prostituerede er meget heterogen, og at de prostituerede har meget forskellige ønsker og...

  14. Child prostitution in Thailand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lau, Carmen

    2008-06-01

    Child prostitution is an old, global and complex phenomenon, which deprives children of their childhood, human rights and dignity. Child prostitution can be seen as the commercial sexual exploitation of children involving an element of forced labour, and thus can be considered as a contemporary form of slavery. Globally, child prostitution is reported to be a common problem in Central and South America and Asia. Of all the south-east Asian nations, the problem is most prolific in Thailand. In Thailand, there appears to be a long history of child prostitution, and this article explores the factors that underpin the Thai child sex industry and the lessons and implications that can be drawn for health care and nursing around the world.

  15. Prostitution, violence, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farley, M; Barkan, H

    1998-01-01

    One hundred and thirty people working as prostitutes in San Francisco were interviewed regarding the extent of violence in their lives and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-seven percent reported that they had been sexually assaulted as children and 49% reported that they had been physically assaulted as children. As adults in prostitution, 82% had been physically assaulted; 83% had been threatened with a weapon; 68% had been raped while working as prostitutes; and 84% reported current or past homelessness. We differentiated the types of lifetime violence as childhood sexual assault; childhood physical abuse; rape in prostitution; and other (non-rape) physical assault in prostitution. PTSD severity was significantly associated with the total number of types of lifetime violence (r = .21, p = .02); with childhood physical abuse (t = 2.97, p = .004); rape in adult prostitution (Student's t = 2.77, p = .01); and the total number of times raped in prostitution (Kruskal-Wallace chi square = 13.51, p = .01). Of the 130 people interviewed, 68% met DSM III-R criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. Eighty-eight percent of these respondents stated that they wanted to leave prostitution, and described what they needed in order to escape.

  16. Liberal coercion? Prostitution, human trafficking and policy

    OpenAIRE

    Cho, Seo-young

    2013-01-01

    Liberal prostitution policy aims at improving labour conditions for prostitutes and protecting victims of forced prostitution. Its policy orientation predicts that the policy choice of liberalizing prostitution is positively associated with better protection policy for trafficking victims and enhanced anti-trafficking measures. In this paper, I investigate empirically whether the legalization of prostitution improves protection policy for victims, as it is presumed. The results of my analysis...

  17. Prostitution as a social issue - the experiences of Russian women prostitutes in the Barents region

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pia Skaffari

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available This article analyses prostitution in the Barents Region as a social question through the subjective experiences of female Russian prostitutes. The women who were interviewed for this research live their everyday lives in the context of Russia. The operational possibilities of the women are based on a sociocultural framework which differs from that of Western countries. This article addresses the following question: How does prostitution construct the agency of women in the Barents Region? The question is explored in terms of the social relationships of the women, their everyday agency within the local environment, their living conditions, and the marginal conditions of their lives. Our focus is on the social structures and the position of the women within them. The data used in this article consist of observational material as well as interviews with 17 women, wherein they discuss their experiences of prostitution in the Barents Region. All of the material was collected in Murmansk, Russia between 2004 and 2008. Qualitative content analysis was performed as a means to understand the aforementioned women’s experiences of prostitution and its relation to everyday life. Prostitution is a product of social structures, a woman’s position, the accessibility of support, and the available personal, social and mental resources. Sometimes prostitution is a way to survive. Women who practice prostitution are often seen only as stereotypes, but the individual paths of their lives and the social contexts in which they live are integral to an understanding of the causes and effects of sex work.

  18. Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?

    OpenAIRE

    Seo-Young Cho; Axel Dreher; Eric Neumayer

    2011-01-01

    This paper investigates the impact of legalized prostitution on human trafficking inflows. According to economic theory, there are two opposing effects of unknown magnitude. The scale effect of legalized prostitution leads to an expansion of the prostitution market, increasing human trafficking, while the substitution effect reduces demand for trafficked women as legal prostitutes are favored over trafficked ones. Our empirical analysis for a cross-section of up to 150 countries shows that th...

  19. Youth Prostitution: A Balance of Power.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McMullen, Richie J.

    1987-01-01

    Discusses the issues of child and adolescent prostitution, focusing on the youth prostitution situation in London, England. Briefly describes "Streetwise," a support and counseling program developed to aid London youth who have been involved in any form of prostitution. (NB)

  20. Medical health care for Viennese prostitutes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stary, A; Kopp, W; Söltz-Szöts, J

    1991-01-01

    In Vienna, legalized prostitution is tightly controlled by the advisory board of the Viennese Public Health Service. Registered prostitutes are routinely screened for all important STDs, such as syphilis, HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydial- and yeast-infections, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Furthermore, cytological smears are obtained from the cervix and chest X-rays are performed at least once a year. In all pathological findings, an appropriate therapy is implemented. Presenting data of 1989, out of the 713 weekly controlled registered prostitutes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 0.3% of all examinations (110/35,368). In non-registered prostitutes, the infection rate of N. gonorrhoeae was 6.9% (27/354), and so far, 20 times higher than in registered ones. The infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis, which has been routinely diagnosed in registered prostitutes for several years, has decreased from 20.4% in 1980 to 2.2% in 1989 compared with 31.4% and 10.9% in non-registered prostitutes. In registered prostitutes, the prevalence of genital infections, such as C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and yeasts was shown to be 4.9%. The corresponding data in non-registered prostitutes were much higher (18.8%). Due to examinations for cervical malignancy the incidence of Papanicolaou stain IV and V has decreased from 3.1% in 1988 to 1.6% in 1989. There was no serologic evidence for syphilis and HIV infection in both special risk groups. The data demonstrate, that due to a good health surveillance of STD-risk groups, a good information service, and free treatment, the prevalence of STDs can be reduced in prostitutes.

  1. Prostitution, disability and prohibition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thomsen, Frej Klem

    2015-06-01

    Criminalisation of prostitution, and minority rights for disabled persons, are important contemporary political issues. The article examines their intersection by analysing the conditions and arguments for making a legal exception for disabled persons to a general prohibition against purchasing sexual services. It explores the badness of prostitution, focusing on and discussing the argument that prostitution harms prostitutes, considers forms of regulation and the arguments for and against with emphasis on a liberty-based objection to prohibition, and finally presents and analyses three arguments for a legal exception, based on sexual rights, beneficence, and luck egalitarianism, respectively. It concludes that although the general case for and against criminalisation is complicated there is a good case for a legal exception. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  2. Juveniles' Motivations for Remaining in Prostitution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hwang, Shu-Ling; Bedford, Olwen

    2004-01-01

    Qualitative data from in-depth interviews were collected in 1990-1991, 1992, and 2000 with 49 prostituted juveniles remanded to two rehabilitation centers in Taiwan. These data are analyzed to explore Taiwanese prostituted juveniles' feelings about themselves and their work, their motivations for remaining in prostitution, and their difficulties…

  3. Den danske lovgivning og prostitution

    OpenAIRE

    Sophie Wittstrøm Selsbæk, Simone; Brandstrup Larsen, Rasmus; Thor Larsen, Patricia

    2012-01-01

    The Subject Field of this project is prostitution and how politicians legislate on the area. The project revolves around how former and current legislation of prostitution is. Which legal strategies are at the politicians’ disposal when they are making legislation on the area of prostitution and how the authorities in Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden have handled the process? Which experiences has the authorities in these countries had with legalization and criminalization. The base for an...

  4. Violence and Legalized Brothel Prostitution in Nevada: Examining Safety, Risk, and Prostitution Policy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brents, Barbara G.; Hausbeck, Kathryn

    2005-01-01

    This article examines violence in legalized brothels in Nevada. Debates over prostitution policies in the United States have long focused on questions of safety and risk. These discourses inevitably invoke the coupling of violence and prostitution, though systematic examinations of the relationship between the two are sparse. This article explores…

  5. Exploitation of children and young people through prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walker, Karen Elizabeth

    2002-09-01

    The numbers of children in contemporary society involved in prostitution is still largely unknown. However, there are multiple factors which leave children vulnerable and involved in prostitution. This article aims to explore the historical context of child prostitution, factors which may predispose an adolescent engaging in prostitution, and the role that professionals within the healthcare settings can offer.

  6. Attitudes toward prostitution: Is it an ideological issue?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisca Expósito

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Prostitution has been the subject of intense debate in all societies and cultures though to varying degrees of public acceptance or rejection. The choice of legal approach to deal with this issue (i.e., legalization or prohibition may be influenced by ideological factors. The primary aim of this study was to assess, in a sample of 620 individuals drawn from general population, the legal stances towards prostitution, and attitudes and beliefs regarding the underlying motives and behaviour of men who resort to prostitution. Moreover, the effects of sexist attitudes and beliefs and the legal stance towards prostitution on victim-blaming in cases of physical or sexual assault to prostitutes were assessed. The results reveal significant differences in legal stance towards prostitution in relation to attitudes and beliefs concerning the underlying motives and behaviour of men who procure the services of a prostitute. In other words, a high score in prohibition was associated to hostile attitudes and belief regarding the behaviour of men who resort to prostitution whereas a high score in legalization predicted benevolent attitudes and beliefs towards these men. Furthermore, the results show that a high degree of hostile sexism and the legal stance of prohibition predicted victim-blaming in physical or sexual assault to prostitutes.

  7. [Prostitution and poverty in Santafe de Bogota].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabrera Fadul, O

    1998-06-01

    The Chamber of Commerce of Bogota conducted a study of prostitution in the city with the participation of prostitutes themselves. In 1990, around 14,000 women were found to be working as prostitutes in the city's center, with 44% concentrated in the barrios of La Alameda, Las Nieves, and San Bernardo. Over 70% of the women were born outside of Bogota. 82% were aged 15-40 years; the age range was 9-60 years. 1200 minors were counted. A 1992 study in the sector of Chapinero revealed 3480 women working as prostitutes. 81% had migrated to the city and 96% were aged 15-40 years. Visible street prostitution was infrequent. A 1993 study of child prostitution in a smaller area than the 1990 center-city study revealed 2959 minors, suggesting that the number had nearly tripled. 60% were natives of the city. A 1994 study of 200 male prostitutes in the center-city found that 24% were natives of Bogota. 32% had left home before the age of 10. 89% had become prostitutes before their 16th birthday. 17% were HIV-seropositive; most of their clients were married men. In all cases, the factors leading to prostitution originated within the family and included physical mistreatment, sexual abuse by parents or stepparents, rejection and abandonment, as well as lack of income, unemployment, and lack of skills. Information on HIV infection was incomplete and ineffective. The number of indigent and homeless persons and that of drug addicts living on the streets of Bogota is not known. A large number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations attempt to provide help, but their efforts are not guided by any coherent plan of action.

  8. 25 CFR 11.453 - Prostitution or solicitation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prostitution or solicitation. 11.453 Section 11.453... LAW AND ORDER CODE Criminal Offenses § 11.453 Prostitution or solicitation. A person who commits prostitution or solicitation or who knowingly keeps, maintains, rents, or leases, any house, room, tent, or...

  9. Exit prostitution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mehlsen, Line; Aslaug Kjær, Agnete; Amilon, Anna

    2016-01-01

    Dette statusnotat for projektet ”Exit Prostitution” belyser de foreløbige resultater og tendenser for projektet. Exit Prostitution løb oprindeligt fra april 2012 til udgangen af 2015, men med en nylig forlængelse løber projektet til udgangen af 2016. Projektet befinder sig således i slutningen af...... afprøvet med succes i forhold til hjemløshed både nationalt og internationalt. Målet med anvendelsen af metoden i forhold til målgruppen for Exit Prostitution er, at borgere med prostitutionserfaring, som ønsker at ophøre med salg af seksuelle ydelser eller ønsker at opleve en forbedring af deres...

  10. Cervical neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in prostitutes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gitsch, G; Kainz, C; Reinthaller, A; Kopp, W; Tatra, G; Breitenecker, G

    1991-12-01

    To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of PAP smears indicating cervical dysplasia as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in prostitutes. Prevalence and incidence study of cervical dysplasia and HPV infection in prostitutes. For detection and typing of HPV-DNA In Situ Hybridisation (ISH) was performed in tissue samples with CIN gained by colposcopically directed punch biopsies. Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical School and STD Clinic of the Public Health Office, Vienna. Registered prostitutes attending the STD Clinic of the Public Health Office and a control group. 978 prostitutes and 5493 women with unknown cytological anamnesis were compared. Frequency of positive PAP smears was significantly higher in prostitutes (6.13% versus 1.43%). To determine the pick-up rate of cervical dysplasia during one year after negative cytology we compared 722 prostitutes and 3162 controls. Prostitutes showed a significant higher dysplasia pick-up rate (3.05% to 1.07%) compared with controls. HPV detection rate in prostitutes was similar to that in the control group. The distribution of HPV types revealed a higher frequency of "high risk" HPV 16/18 and 31/33 in prostitutes. The results demonstrate a higher incidence and prevalence of cervical dysplasia in prostitutes and therefore suggest regular cervical PAP smear screening in registered prostitutes twice a year.

  11. Conceptualizing juvenile prostitution as child maltreatment: findings from the National Juvenile Prostitution Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mitchell, Kimberly J; Finkelhor, David; Wolak, Janis

    2010-02-01

    Two studies were conducted to identify the incidence (Study 1) and characteristics (Study 2) of juvenile prostitution cases known to law enforcement agencies in the United States. Study 1 revealed a national estimate of 1,450 arrests or detentions (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1,287-1,614) in cases involving juvenile prostitution during a 1-year period. In Study 2, exploratory data were collected from a subsample of 138 cases from police records in 2005. The cases are broadly categorized into three main types: (a) third-party exploiters, (b) solo prostitution, and (c) conventional child sexual abuse (CSA) with payment. Cases were classified into three initial categories based on police orientation toward the juvenile: (a) juveniles as victims (53%), (b) juveniles as delinquents (31%), and (c) juvenile as both victims and delinquents (16%). When examining the status of the juveniles by case type, the authors found that all the juveniles in CSA with payment cases were treated as victims, 66% in third-party exploiters cases, and 11% in solo cases. Findings indicate law enforcement responses to juvenile prostitution are influential in determining whether such youth are viewed as victims of commercial sexual exploitation or as delinquents.

  12. Prostitution Policy Report

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Faber, Stine Thidemann; Emerek, Ruth

    2013-01-01

    The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at London Metropolitan University is working with the European Commission and the European Network on Gender Equality (ENEGE) to produce a report on prostitution policy in member states. In this report the data from Denmark are presented.......The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at London Metropolitan University is working with the European Commission and the European Network on Gender Equality (ENEGE) to produce a report on prostitution policy in member states. In this report the data from Denmark are presented....

  13. Child prostitution: global health burden, research needs, and interventions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Willis, Brian M; Levy, Barry S

    2002-04-20

    Child prostitution is a significant global problem that has yet to receive appropriate medical and public health attention. Worldwide, an estimated 1 million children are forced into prostitution every year and the total number of prostituted children could be as high as 10 million. Inadequate data exist on the health problems faced by prostituted children, who are at high risk of infectious disease, pregnancy, mental illness, substance abuse, and violence. Child prostitution, like other forms of child sexual abuse, is not only a cause of death and high morbidity in millions of children, but also a gross violation of their rights and dignity. In this article we estimate morbidity and mortality among prostituted children, and propose research strategies and interventions to mitigate such health consequences. Our estimates underscore the need for health professionals to collaborate with individuals and organisations that provide direct services to prostituted children. Health professionals can help efforts to prevent child prostitution through identifying contributing factors, recording the magnitude and health effects of the problem, and assisting children who have escaped prostitution. They can also help governments, UN agencies, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to implement policies, laws, and programmes to prevent child prostitution and mitigate its effects on children's health.

  14. Child Prostitution: Global Health Burden, Research Needs, and Interventions

    OpenAIRE

    Willis, Brian M.; Levy, Barry S.

    2002-01-01

    Child prostitution is a significant global problem that has yet to receive appropriate medical and public health attention. Worldwide, an estimated 1 million children are forced into prostitution every year and the total number of prostituted children could be as high as 10 million. Inadequate data exist on the health problems faced by prostituted children, who are at high risk of infectious disease, pregnancy, mental illness, substance abuse, and violence. Child prostitution, like other form...

  15. Juvenile Prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Csapo, Marg

    1986-01-01

    Recent research and Canadian government committee reports concerning juvenile prostitution are reviewed. Proposals are made in the realms of law and social policy; and existing programs are described. (DB)

  16. How Israeli social workers perceive adolescent girls in prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peled, Einat; Lugasi, Reut

    2015-04-01

    The phenomenon of girls in prostitution poses great challenges to professionals who work with adolescent girls at risk and in distress. Prostitution is socially stigmatized and seen as something shameful. However, current theory and research show adolescent girls in prostitution to be victims of violence, exploitation and trauma. This naturalistic qualitative study examined the views of 15 social workers at six Adolescent Girls Treatment Units in Israel on prostitution and on adolescent girls in prostitution. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The participants struggled to link the term "prostitution" with the adolescent girls in their care. The findings explore the source this perceived conflict, and its manifestation in the participants' professional intervention with the girls. The discussion examines the participants' professional discourse about adolescent girls in prostitution, and offers explanations for their difficulty in associating the adolescent girls in their care with prostitution. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Analyzing Demand: Hegemonic Masculinity and Feminine Prostitution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Ranea Triviño

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available In this article, it is presented an exploratory research in which we analyzed the relationship between the construction of hegemonic masculinity and consumption of female prostitution. We have focused our attention on the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of young heterosexual men who have ever paid for sex. Following with a quantitative method of analysis, we conducted six semi-structured interviews with men between 18 to 35 years old. The analysis of the interviews shows the different demographic characteristics, such as, frequency of payment for sexual services, diversity of motivations, spaces where prostitutes are searched, opinions on prostitution and prostitutes. The main conclusions of this study are that the discourses of the interviewees reproduce gender stereotypes and gender sexual roles. And it is suggested that prostitution can be interpreted as a scenario where these men performance their hegemonic masculinity.

  18. Prostitute Homicides: A Descriptive Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salfati, C. Gabrielle; James, Alison R.; Ferguson, Lynn

    2008-01-01

    It has been estimated that women involved in street prostitution are 60 to 100 times more likely to be murdered than are nonprostitute females. In addition, homicides of prostitutes are notoriously difficult to investigate and, as such, many cases remain unsolved. Despite this large risk factor, little literature exists on homicides of…

  19. Prostitution advertisements suggest association of transvestism and masochism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chivers, M; Blanchard, R

    1996-01-01

    Previous research and clinical observation have suggested that the sexual interest of many transvestites include involvement in sadomasochistic sexual acts. Through data gathered via prostitution advertisements in print media, we tested the hypothesis that prostitutes welcoming cross-dressing client would be primarily those describing themselves as dominant. The specialty of the prostitute was recorded by coding the advertisements for the presence or absence of the features of dominance, submissiveness, acceptance of cross-dressing clients, and whether the prostitute was a biological male presenting as a woman or quasi-woman. The findings showed that 20% of prostitutes describing themselves as dominant welcomed cross-dressing clients, whereas none of the other subgroups of prostitutes mentioned cross-dressing clients in their advertisements. These findings reinforce other lines of indirect evidence suggesting that, in heterosexual men, the presence of masochism increases the likelihood of transvestism, and vice versa.

  20. MOTHERS PRACTICING PROSTITUTION AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS

    OpenAIRE

    Ana-Maria MANDIUC

    2014-01-01

    A large number of women who practice prostitution get pregnant and have the child. When a mother continues practicing prostitution, while at the same time trying to fulfill parental responsibilities, the child’s rights could end up being violated because of the characteristics of the two roles the woman adopts. The present paper presents the case study of a child of schooling age and whose mother practiced prostitution. The child was put in foster care after the mother’s death and the case st...

  1. 22 CFR 40.24 - Prostitution and commercialized vice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prostitution and commercialized vice. 40.24... Certain Crimes § 40.24 Prostitution and commercialized vice. (a) Activities within 10 years preceding visa... United States solely, principally, or incidentally to engage in prostitution, or has engaged in...

  2. Prostitution in Galicia: Clients and Feminine Imaginary

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agueda Gómes Suárez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Today, the prostitution in our society turns out to be an indicator of the dominant “sexual culture” in the patriarchal and capitalist societies. This article tries to contribute with another approach to the analysis of the sexual industry in our country, adjusting, principally, to the experiences of the men involved in the phenomenon of the prostitution in Galicia. The dramatic quality in which the women in prostitution live their reality and the levity and idleness, in which the clients enjoy themselves, show the controversial and worrying face of this reality. The analysis of the clients’ speech across the “Frame Analysis”, and the study of the feminine dominant imaginary among them are portrayed in this text, together with the speech of the women in prostitution and of the men who occupy masculinized spaces. This article tries to be a contribution to the complex study of the phenomenon of the prostitution in our country.

  3. 50 CFR 38.11 - Prostitution and lewd behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Prostitution and lewd behavior. 38.11... Prostitution and lewd behavior. No person on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge will: (a) Engage in prostitution. “Prostitution” means the giving or receiving of the body for sexual intercourse for hire; or (b...

  4. Who's watching? The market for prostitution services

    OpenAIRE

    Della Giusta, Marina; Di Tommaso, Maria Laura; Strøm, Steinar

    2005-01-01

    This paper presents an economic model of prostitution, which differs from the existing literature in that it makes no restrictive assumptions regarding the gender, pay, and nature of forgone earning opportunities of prostitutes and clients, and applies the same behavioural hypotheses to both. Our model gives a central role to stigma and reputation effects for both clients and prostitutes. We discuss demand, supply, and equilibrium results, indicating the possible effects of different policies...

  5. Teenage Prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Marjorie E.

    1979-01-01

    This paper explores: precipitating social conditions which might predispose an adolescent girl to deviant sexual activity; experiences which may initiate entrance into prostitution; and the treatment of sexual deviance in young girls by the Juvenile Justice System. (Author)

  6. Acceptance of Prostitution and Its Social Determinants in Canada.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Liqun; Lu, Ruibin; Mei, Xiaohan

    2017-08-01

    The nature of collective perception of prostitution is understudied in Canada. Except some rudimentary reports on the percentages of the key legal options, multivariate analysis has never been used to analyze the details of public opinion on prostitution. The current study explores the trend of public attitude toward prostitution acceptability in Canada over a 25-year span and examines the social determinants of the acceptability of prostitution, using structural equation modeling (SEM), which allows researchers to elaborate both direct and indirect effects (through mediating variables) on the outcome variable. Results show that the public has become more acceptant of prostitution over time. In addition, the less religious, less authoritarian, and more educated are more acceptant of prostitution than the more religious, more authoritarian, and less well educated. The effects of religiosity and authoritarianism mediate out the direct effects of age, gender, gender equality, marriage, marriage as an outdated institution, Quebec, race, and tolerance. The findings may serve as a reference point for the law reform regarding the regulation of prostitution in Canada.

  7. The last commodity: child prostitution in the developing world.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sachs, A

    1994-01-01

    There is an enormous supply of children and young adolescents worldwide who have sex for money and other forms of tangible compensation. Child prostitution is far from new, but it has only recently grown to become a multibillion dollar industry with children bought, sold, and traded like other mass-produced goods. Brazil has 250,000-500,000 children in the sex trade and the number of children involved in Colombia, Russia, and Benin is growing rapidly. Asia is the center of child prostitution with an estimated 60,000 child prostitutes in the Philippines, 400,000 in India, and 800,000 in Thailand. Most of the sex workers are under 16 years old and most are female, although some parts of the world offer almost exclusively young male prostitutes. Indeed, almost all of Sri Lanka's 20,000-30,000 child prostitutes are boys. The overwhelming majority of children who have sex for money do so out of economic need, particularly in the context of widespread rural poverty. Some children leave home on their own in search of opportunity, some are stolen or sold into slavery, and others are kicked out of their homes. An International Labor Organization study found that a woman in the sex industry in Thailand can make about 25 times more than she could in any other occupation open to her. Such financial reward is often hard to resist. Demand for child prostitutes comes from a range of sources. In Asia, child prostitution, and prostitution in general, is deeply embedded in many local and national cultures. For example, an Harvard University researcher has determined that 75% of all men in Thailand have had sex with a prostitute. While nationals frequent and effectively support the prostitution industry, many foreign travelers also visit countries in search of sex. Young prostitutes are in particular demand due to the myth that youngsters are somehow relatively virgin and bereft of infection with sexually transmitted diseases. The author discusses the causes of rural poverty, the

  8. Empirically Examining Prostitution through a Feminist Perspective

    OpenAIRE

    Child, Shyann

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this thesis is to empirically explore prostitution through a feminist perspective. Several background factors are explored on a small sample of women in the northeastern United States. Some of these women have been involved in an act of prostitution in their lifetime; some have not. This research will add to the body of knowledge on prostitution, as well as highlight the unique experiences of women. The goal is to understand whether or not these life experiences have had a h...

  9. Exploring child prostitution in a major city in the West African region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hounmenou, Charles

    2016-09-01

    The study explored the characteristics of child prostitution in a major city in the West African region. A convenience sample of children in prostitution, specifically girls below age 18 (n=243), were recruited on 83 prostitution sites identified in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. A survey instrument, consisting of 71 closed-ended question items, was used to explore various variables including profile of children in prostitution, factors of vulnerability to prostitution; prostitution practices, compensations and related issues in child prostitution. The findings show that most children in prostitution in the city were from Burkina Faso (63%) and Nigeria (30%), two countries that do not share borders. Most native respondents practiced prostitution for survival and to support their families. In contrast, all the respondents from Nigeria practiced prostitution as victims of international sex trafficking. An important finding was that 77% of the children in prostitution surveyed were educated. Among the respondents, there were similarities in the major life events that contributed to their situation of prostitution. These life events include early separation with parents, sexual abuse, foster care, and forced marriage. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brewer, Devon D; Dudek, Jonathan A; Potterat, John J; Muth, Stephen Q; Roberts, John M; Woodhouse, Donald E

    2006-09-01

    Prostitute women have the highest homicide victimization rate of any set of women ever studied. We analyzed nine diverse homicide data sets to examine the extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States. Most data sources substantially under-ascertained prostitute homicides. As estimated from a conservative capture-recapture analysis, 2.7% of female homicide victims in the United States between 1982 and 2000 were prostitutes. Frequencies of recorded prostitute and client homicides increased substantially in the late 1980s and early 1990s; nearly all of the few observed pimp homicides occurred before the late 1980s. These trends may be linked to the rise of crack cocaine use. Prostitutes were killed primarily by clients, clients were killed mainly by prostitutes, and pimps were killed predominantly by pimps. Another conservative estimate suggests that serial killers accounted for 35% of prostitute homicides. Proactive surveillance of, and evidence collection from, clients and prostitutes might enhance the investigation of prostitution-related homicide.

  11. Child Sexual Abuse and Adolescent Prostitution: A Comparative Analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seng, Magnus J.

    1989-01-01

    Explored relationship between sexual abuse and adolescent prostitution by comparing 70 sexually abused children with 35 prostitution-involved children on 22 variables. Findings suggest that relationship is not direct, but involves runaway behavior as intervening variable. Concludes that it is not so much sexual abuse that leads to prostitution, as…

  12. Adult Prostitution Recidivism: Risk Factors and Impact of a Diversion Program

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roe-Sepowitz, Dominique E.; Hickle, Kristine E.; Loubert, Martha Perez; Egan, Tom

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors and the impact of a prostitution diversion program on prostitution recidivism. Risk factors and recidivism were explored using chi-square, t tests, and survival analysis. Participants were 448 individuals who were arrested for prostitution and attended a prostitution-focused diversion…

  13. Adolescent prostitution in south-western Nigeria: demographic ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Context: Adolescent prostitution, an interesting area of reproductive health focus, is of great socioeconomic and medical burden in Nigeria. Objective: This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors for adolescent prostitution in Nigeria Method: This was a cross- sectional study using ...

  14. Psychological and sociological research and the decriminalization or legalization of prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rio, L M

    1991-04-01

    In maintaining criminal prohibitions on prostitution and prostitution-related activity, the United States has ignored the two alternative approaches successfully invoked in many other countries: legalization and decriminalization of prostitution. This article questions the justifications usually advanced in favor of criminal sanctions and against the two alternatives. Studies of prostitutes and their clients, as well as larger societal studies, undercut the arguments against decriminalization and legalization, and reveal that none of the traditional goals of imposing criminal sanctions (punishment, deterrence, and rehabilitation) are furthered by the current prohibition of prostitution. These studies also reveal the advantages offered by a system of decriminalized or legalized prostitution. Further policy arguments for the removal of such sanctions are discussed and legal arguments are offered to attempt to limit the reach of current criminal prostitution laws while the present system remains in effect.

  15. [Rational motivation of drug injection and prostitution].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beauchamp, Sylvie

    2003-01-01

    Homeless drug users and prostitutes constitute a population at risk for contracting and propagating AIDS. This study aims at understanding the paradox related to drug injection and prostitution among 21 homeless from Montreal. These behaviors are studied following the picoeconomic paradox of an apprehended desire. The results show that these homeless see drug injection as a self-reward motivated by imaginary emotional object, in spite of the known and dreaded consequences. Prostitution is described as a self-investment accessory to drug injection. This study concludes with reflections on AIDS prevention programs in relation with the needs of the homeless.

  16. Prostitution, HIV, and cervical neoplasia: a survey in Spain and Colombia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Sanjosé, S; Palacio, V; Tafur, L; Vazquez, S; Espitia, V; Vazquez, F; Roman, G; Muñoz, N; Bosch, F X

    1993-01-01

    The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the association of CIN with prostitution was examined in Oviedo, a region in Spain with low incidence of cervical cancer, and in Cali, Colombia, where the incidence of cervical cancer is 6-10 times higher. In Oviedo, the study included 758 prostitutes attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and 1203 nonprostitutes attending a family-planning clinic. In Cali, 775 prostitutes and 1795 nonprostitutes attending health centers were included. Seropositivity to common sexually transmitted agents was investigated in Spanish prostitutes. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of CIN between Oviedo and Cali in both prostitutes (2.5 versus 1.8%) and nonprostitutes (1.2 versus 1.1%). Prostitutes had a 2-fold increased risk of CIN as compared to nonprostitutes; in Spain, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) was 2.3 and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.1-4.5, and, in Colombia, POR was 1.8 and the 95% CI was 0.9-3.5. Among prostitutes in Oviedo, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence was 4.9% and HIV-positive prostitutes showed a high risk of CIN as compared to HIV-negative prostitutes (POR, 12.7; 95% CI, 3.9-40.9); 76% of HIV-positive prostitutes were i.v. drug users and showed an increased seroprevalence of other sexually transmitted diseases. HIV-negative prostitutes did not show any increased risk of CIN (POR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.8). These results show that among nonprostitutes the prevalence of CIN was not statistically different between the two cities in Spain and Colombia; prostitutes were at moderate increased risk compared to nonprostitutes in both cities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  17. Street Prostitution Zones and Crime

    OpenAIRE

    Bisschop, Paul; Kastoryano, Stephen; van der Klaauw, Bas

    2015-01-01

    This paper studies the effects of introducing legal street prostitution zones on both registered and perceived crime. We exploit a unique setting in the Netherlands where legal street prostitution zones were opened in nine cities under different regulation systems. We provide evidence that the opening of these zones was not in response to changes in crime. Our difference-in-difference analysis using data on the largest 25 Dutch cities between 1994 and 2011 shows that opening a legal street pr...

  18. MOTHERS PRACTICING PROSTITUTION AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana-Maria MANDIUC

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available A large number of women who practice prostitution get pregnant and have the child. When a mother continues practicing prostitution, while at the same time trying to fulfill parental responsibilities, the child’s rights could end up being violated because of the characteristics of the two roles the woman adopts. The present paper presents the case study of a child of schooling age and whose mother practiced prostitution. The child was put in foster care after the mother’s death and the case study follows his evolution from birth until the research started, the focus of the study revolving around the four fundamental rights of the child: the right to be raised by the parents, the right to education, the right to health and the right to protection against abuses.

  19. Prostitution in Vancouver: violence and the colonization of First Nations women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farley, Melissa; Lynne, Jacqueline; Cotton, Ann J

    2005-06-01

    We interviewed 100 women prostituting in Vancouver, Canada. We found an extremely high prevalence of lifetime violence and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-two percent of our interviewees were women from Canada's First Nations, a significant overrepresentation in prostitution compared with their representation in Vancouver generally (1.7-7%). Eighty-two percent reported a history of childhood sexual abuse, by an average of four perpetrators. Seventy-two percent reported childhood physical abuse, 90% had been physically assaulted in prostitution, 78% had been raped in prostitution. Seventy-two percent met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Ninety-five percent said that they wanted to leave prostitution. Eighty-six percent reported current or past homelessness with housing as one of their most urgent needs. Eighty-two percent expressed a need for treatment for drug or alcohol addictions. Findings are discussed in terms of the legacy of colonialism, the intrinsically traumatizing nature of prostitution and prostitution's violations of basic human rights.

  20. When police act as pimps: glimpses into child prostitution in India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Debabrata, R

    1998-01-01

    A random sample of 28 out of 86 brothels along the G. B. Road in India revealed that almost 60% of the prostitutes were children. The law does not punish prostitutes who are older than 18 and do not solicit business publicly, but it does punish running a brothel, living on the earnings of prostitutes, procuring or inducing people to become prostitutes, and soliciting in public places. The law, which is mostly used to harass prostitutes, invokes penalties of imprisonment for procuring or trafficking and for forcible detention for the purpose of prostitution while creating a special police force to stop trafficking, special courts to deal with cases, and protective homes for "rescued" girls. The law fails to punish clients or make provisions for the rehabilitation of rescued women. Offenses rarely end in convictions. In fact, police officers extort money from traffickers, prostitutes, and madams and abet the system of prostitution through a scheme of false registration of the girls that creates the fiction that they are not minors and creates a debt paid by the madams that places the girls in virtual bondage. There is a set rate for police bribes, depending upon the size of the brothel. Police also are clients themselves and/or extort money from clients. When arrests are made (to make police records look good), police deliberately target adult prostitutes instead of the minors because it is harder to get the minors released back into prostitution. The police are reluctant to release records about prostitution and are complicit when madams present false affirmations that they are relatives of minor girls to get them released from juvenile remand homes. The girls are recruited from impoverished families in the countryside who are paid for giving their daughters in false marriages.

  1. Prostitution of minors in registered places in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simón Pedro Izcara Palacios

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Many children in Mexico are working in registered places where the sex trade is allowed, such as canteens, bars or nightclubs. This article, based on a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with owners of 73 centers dedicated to the sexual commerce in nine Mexican States, examines the prostitution of minors in these places towards the appreciations of the pimps, and concludes that the spread of a culture of bribery in the prostitution industry leads to the solidification of networks of complicity between the police and pimps leading to the prostitution of minors.

  2. The relationship between adult sexual assault and prostitution: an exploratory analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campbell, Rebecca; Ahrens, Courtney E; Sefl, Tracy; Clark, Marcia L

    2003-06-01

    Previous research has established a link between childhood sexual abuse and engaging in prostitution as an adult. The purpose of this study was to extend this literature by exploring whether being raped as an adult is associated with exchanging sex for money. Interviews with 102 rape survivors in a major metropolitan area revealed that 23.5% had engaged in prostitution post-rape. Those who had exchanged sex for money were more likely to be women of color, to have a high school education or less, to be unemployed, and to have children to support, than those who had not engaged in prostitution post-assault. The prostitution subsample also had significantly higher levels of psychological distress, physical health symptomatology, and substance use. Survivors were asked whether and how the rape was associated with engaging in prostitution: most (75%) stated that they felt it was related to the assault. The most commonly cited reason for engaging in prostitution by these survivors was that they were trying to regain some control over their lives and their bodies; exchanging sex for money was seen as one way to control men's access to them. Implications for future research on victimization and prostitution are discussed.

  3. Prostitution in the Medway towns, 1860-1885.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ager, Adrian; Lee, Catherine

    2009-01-01

    Nineteenth-century prostitution has been the subject of a number of regionally-focused historical studies, yet surprisingly little of this scholarly attention has been directed towards the ports, dockyards and garrison towns of Kent. Levels of prostitution were high in these districts due to the presence of large numbers of resident military personnel combined with a range of supply-side factors related to the local economy, which provided limited employment opportunities for women at this time. Surviving statistical evidence is scant, and tells only part of the story of the women who made a livelihood in this way. A fuller understanding can be reached by a process of nominal record linkage, allowing individuals to be tracked over time. The resulting partially-reconstructed life histories shed more light on questions such as prostitutes' ages, backgrounds and ultimate outcomes, and their experience of regulation and control at the hands of the local authorities than can be ascertained from single records. Thus they add qualitatively to the evidence furnished by statistical sources, and enable a challenge to be made to the existing literature particularly with regard to the heterogeneous nature of prostitution at his time.

  4. [Culture and empowerment: health promotion and AIDS prevention among prostitutes in Rio de Janeiro].

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Meis, Carla

    2011-01-01

    This paper discusses the difficulties that can arise when health promotion projects are developed within marginalized groups. This could be documented using the example of AIDS prevention among prostitutes. We applied questionnaires and focus group interviews were performed with prostitutes in Mangue, Rio de Janeiro in 1989. Later, during the decade of 1990, we accomplished open interviews with prostitutes who frequented São João Square in Niterói and with the leaders of the prostitutes' movement of Rio de Janeiro. During the analysis of the interviews we observed that although, from a public health point of view, prostitutes are considered as a group, they seldomly represent themselves in this way. In other words, while the goal of health promotion agencies and the prostitute movement is to build a prostitutes' grassroots movement able to organize and fight for prostitutes' rights and citizenship, most of the subjects studied believed that prostitution was an evil activity and consequently created narratives which denied their belonging to the prostitutes' community.

  5. Youthful prostitution and child sexual trauma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brannigan, A; Van Brunschot, E G

    1997-01-01

    This paper has examined research that attempts to explain entry to prostitution in terms of the family experiences of young prostitutes. Though there is some evidence of rape, incest, and other kinds of sexual trauma in these backgrounds, this evidence is inconsistent and contradictory. A more plausible approach to the question is based on general control theories. Any traumas or conflicts that unattach children and youth from their families make youngsters highly vulnerable to delinquency. In the case of adolescent females, breach of family attachments appears to heighten the risk of early sexual involvements that, in the context of gender differences in sexual development, expose them to partners significantly older than themselves, and in significantly larger numbers than would otherwise be the case. These factors help explain the role of dysfunctional backgrounds in entry to prostitution without presupposing a role for unobservable traumas and psychiatric disturbances. They likewise recognize a role for the interaction between social control factors and the normal process of sexual development.

  6. Prostitution in India and its role in the spread of HIV infection

    OpenAIRE

    Thappa Devinder; Singh Nidhi; Kaimal Sowmya

    2007-01-01

    Prostitution describes sexual intercourse in exchange for remuneration. The legal status of prostitution varies in different countries, from punishable by death to complete legality. The great degree of social stigma associated with prostitution, of both buyers and sellers, has lead to terminology such as ′commercial sex trade′, ′commercial sex worker′ (CSW), female sex worker (FSW) or sex trade worker. Organisers of prostitution are typically known as pimps (if ma...

  7. AIDS as a political issue: working with the sexually prostituted in the Philippines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, M; De Leon, A; Stoltzfus, B; O'donnell, C

    1989-07-01

    An estimated 200,000-500,000 men, women, and children work in prostitution in the Philippines in a variety of venues, including brothels, nightclubs, pubs, massage parlors, and other legitimate entertainment establishments. Few, however, are voluntary prostitutes. Many people who work as prostitutes have been recruited from the provinces, kept in conditions similar to slavery, and forced to earn money from prostitution to pay for their transportation, board, and lodging. Many prostitutes work in urban centers and tourist resorts in the countryside. During the 1970s, then President Ferdinand Marcos promoted tourism as a major industry, effectively marketing attractive Filipinas to tourists. Sex tourism has flourished in the country ever since. Thousands of prostitutes are also located in Olongapo and Angeles, 2 cities north of Manila, from where they serve the sexual desires of US military personnel. The presence of US military personnel in the Philippines has always been associated with prostitution. The country's social hygiene centers, prostitutes in Manila and Davao, and AIDS education are briefly discussed.

  8. On the relationships between commercial sexual exploitation/prostitution, substance dependency, and delinquency in youthful offenders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reid, Joan A; Piquero, Alex R

    2014-01-01

    Researchers have consistently linked commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of youth and involvement in prostitution with substance dependency and delinquency. Yet, important questions remain regarding the directionality and mechanisms driving this association. Utilizing a sample of 114 CSE/prostituted youth participating in the Pathways to Desistance study-a longitudinal investigation of the transition from adolescence to adulthood among serious adolescent offenders-the current study examined key criminal career parameters of CSE/prostitution including age of onset and rate of recurrence. Additionally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore concurrent associations and causal links between CSE/prostitution and drug involvement. Findings show a general sequential pattern of the ages of onset with substance use and selling drugs occurring prior to CSE/prostitution, evidence that a small group with chronic CSE/prostitution account for the majority of CSE/prostitution occurrences, and high rates of repeated CSE/prostitution. SEM results suggest CSE/prostituted youth persist in drug involvement from year to year but infrequently experience perpetuation of CSE/prostitution from year to year. Concurrent associations between CSE/prostitution and drug involvement were found across the length of the study. Additionally, drug involvement at one year was linked to CSE/prostitution during the subsequent year during early years of the study. © The Author(s) 2014.

  9. Health risk profile of prostitutes in Dublin.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    McDonnell, R J

    1998-08-01

    This study examined the health risk profile of prostitutes in Dublin. Clinical records of all 150 new prostitutes who attended a drop-in clinic for prostitutes in Dublin city during the period 1991-1997 were reviewed. Variables examined included: age, use of injectable drugs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, hepatitis B and C status, presence of sexually transmitted disease (STD), cervical cytology. Results showed the mean age of the women was 32 years. Among those tested, 2.5% were HIV positive, 5% were hepatitis B positive, 8% were hepatitis C positive and 25% had an STD. Almost 8% were injecting drug users (IDU) with higher prevalences of HIV, hepatitis B and C compared with non-IDU (P < 0.001). The clinic has been successful in providing a health-care facility for the specific health needs of this patient cohort.

  10. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and HIV-1 seroprevalences in prostitutes in Djibouti.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève; Grandadam, Marc; Flandre, Philippe; Nicand, Elisabeth; Milliancourt, Catherine; Koeck, Jean-Louis; Philippon, Michel; Teyssou, Remy; Agut, Henri; Dupin, Nicolas; Calvez, Vincent

    2002-10-01

    Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked causally to Kaposi's sarcoma. Epidemiological studies have shown that KSHV transmission can occur during sex among homosexual men, but heterosexual transmission seems to be very rare in KSHV low prevalence countries. A seroepidemiological study was conducted to determine whether KSHV is transmitted sexually between heterosexuals in an endemic country. Sera from 282 subjects of African origin living in Djibouti were tested for antibodies to KSHV and HIV-1. Among the 282 individuals, 43 were female prostitutes working in the streets (group 1), 123 were female prostitutes working in luxury bars (group 2), 41 were non-prostitute females (group 3), and 75 were non-prostitute males (group 4). KSHV seroprevalence was 26, 20, 17, and 36% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The seroprevalence of KSHV is not different between street or bar prostitutes and non-prostitute females (OR = 1.67; P = 0.34 and OR = 1.18; P = 0.73). These results suggest that in this endemic country commercial sex work does not seem to be a risk factor for KSHV infection and provides evidence against heterosexual transmission of KSHV in the female population studied. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  11. Prostitution in Denmark

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stormhøj, Christel; Pedersen, Bodil Maria; Hansen, Kirsten Grønbæk

    2015-01-01

    Prostitution is a worldwide phenomenon, and so are the controversies surrounding it. In Denmark, as in many countries, there is an ongoing public debate about whether it should be seen as a social/political problem, or as a job like any other. The debate takes place within the tension between wel...... welfare state discourses and neo-liberal discourses....

  12. LOCAL COMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON PROSTITUTION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anallely BELLO

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Tourism has been commonly related to prostitution. However, very few studies have evidenced this relationship in different contexts. Several studies on local community attitudes towards tourism impacts have briefly assessed the increase of prostitution as one of several indicators of social change. Due to the importance that such relationship has both for tourism impact management and social development, the impact of tourism on prostitution should be studied in detail. This study explores the ‘responsibility' of tourism on the increase of prostitution in an urban destination as perceived by local residents. It was found that while local community residents do not perceive tourism as the only causing factor, the tourist involvement in commercial sex does exist, but it is commonly an incidental rather than a purposive experience.

  13. [Child prostitution: family disintegration, necessary planning, the laziness of the elite].

    Science.gov (United States)

    1993-09-01

    Child and juvenile prostitution in Brazil has reached such proportions that a parliamentary commission launched an inquiry. The Brazilian Center of Children and Adolescents (CBIA) estimated that there are about 500,000 such prostitutes in the country, a record in Latin America. This type of prostitution flourishes in poor urban areas and in the North and Central-East. Not only girls become prostitutes; in Rio de Janeiro, 4000 boys cater to tourists from the industrialized world. 79% of these youngsters say that they use condoms, but 42% are infected with HIV. In many cases their families tolerate their homosexual encounters because of the extra income received. In the interior of the state of Rio, girls aged 11-15 years are enticed to cities as domestics and end up in prostitution. In Niteroi there is a prostitution network specializing in 13-year-old girls. Although there are 30,000 prostitutes in the state of Rio, the distribution of condoms among them has caused negative reactions among conservatives and Catholics claiming that it would increase licentiousness. The Brazilian Center for the Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents countered that condoms help prevent the spread of diseases. In Para, Acre, and Rondonia, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old girls sell their bodies in order to survive. In the maternity ward of Barbara Heliodora, Rio Branco, Acre, 31% of deliveries are to girls aged 10-16 years. In Sao Paulo and in the neighborhoods of Bras and Belem, girls as young as 10 years of age become prostitutes under the protection of corrupt police who exact sexual favors or a share of receipts. According to CBIA, 80% of sexual violence against children and adolescents occurs in the home, with fathers being the main aggressors. The prostitution of children and adolescents in Brazil is connected to the destruction of the family and is the result of misery and hunger.

  14. The responsibilization of market actors in legalized local prostitution in the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Wijk, E.G.

    2017-01-01

    What is often called ‘the legalization of prostitution in the Netherlands’ is to be precise the lifting of the ban on brothels. From the year 2000 on, it became legal to exploit businesses offering prostitution like brothels and window prostitution. The lifting of the ban meant that these businesses

  15. An initial exploration of prostitution of boys in the West African region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hounmenou, Charles

    2017-07-01

    There is limited research on child prostitution in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly as it relates to boys. An international research study on child prostitution was conducted in Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger. A descriptive, cross-sectional research design with a survey method was used to collect data. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. A total of 709 children in prostitution participated in the study, including 261 girls in Benin, 243 girls in Burkina Faso, and 192 girls and 13 boys in Niger. This paper presents only the findings about the subsample of 13 boys. The findings show that most boys lived with their families while practicing prostitution. Sexual abuse and sexual assault were the main adverse childhood events experienced by most boys prior to prostitution. There was no indication of involvement of pimps in the sexual transactions of the boys. There was a high level of awareness of risks and consequences of prostitution among the participants. Consistent condom use was reported by almost all the boys. Most of the participants experienced violence not only from clients and people in the community, but also from the police. Implications for practice, policy and research about boy prostitution are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. The Role of Self-esteem in Tendency towards Drugs, Theft and Prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alavi, Hamid Reza

    2011-01-01

    Addiction, theft and Prostitution are of the most important problems of contemporary society. On the other hand, self-esteem is one of the most important variables and concepts that might have a meaningful influence on these problems. This study aims to investigate the role of self-esteem in the individuals' tendency to addiction, theft and prostitution in Kerman city, Iran. The statistical population of this study is those individuals who had a record of addiction, theft and prostitution in Kerman prison, and the ordinary individuals. The research sample consisted of 300 individuals, 200 of whom were those with record of addiction, theft and prostitution in the central prison of Kerman city, and 100 ordinary people. Because some of the research questionnaires were not returned, only 283 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument for determining the respondents' self-esteem was Eysenck Self-esteem Inventory. Self-esteem had a meaningful role in the individual's tendency to addiction, theft and prostitution. On the basis of the research results, it can be concluded that those who are involved in addiction, theft and prostitution have a lower self-esteem compared with the ordinary person. Thus, it is necessary to increase an individual's self-esteem in order to decrease their tendency to addiction, theft and prostitution.

  17. Mythologies and Panics: Twentieth Century Constructions of Child Prostitution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Alyson

    2004-01-01

    This paper examines twentieth century social constructions of child prostitutes and child prostitution, the origins of these representations and the extent to which they have been used as metaphors for other perceived social, economic and political problems. It is important to recognise that these children have been sexually abused and that…

  18. Prostitution and exploitation child sexual in Uruguay. Opinion of sex workers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Guerra

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available In this article we will present the information obtained in the project entitled "Investigation on conditions of work and opinion on trafficking in persons between population that he exercises the feminine prostitution in Uruguay " from 188 interviews to sexual workers. First we analyse the concept of child prostitution in the frame of the sexual exploitation of children and teenagers, to advance then in the result of the fieldwork. 29 % of the sample expresses to know cases of child prostitution in his areas of work, which confirms a worrying presence of this phenomenon, especially in the street prostitution.  As for the opinion, 77% of the interviewed ones have a negative opinion of the phenomenon.

  19. The violence in everyday of prostitution of women: invisibility and ambiguities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreira, Isabel Cristina Cavalcante Carvalho; Monteiro, Claudete Ferreira de Souza

    2012-01-01

    To reveal the meaning of violence in everyday female prostitution. we used a phenomenological approach of Martin Heidegger. The survey was conducted in Teresina / Piauí / Brazil, with 11 women members of the Association of Prostitutes of Piaui. The data were produced by means of open interviews conducted by a script with questions regarding their experience as a prostitute and its relationship to violence. The reports indicate that it is prostitution a risky activity in which gender violence is a phenomenon present. In the relational world, prostitution and violence are intertwined in the face of negotiations established between women and men with formal contracts in the dark, verbally, without witnesses, and whose object of contract is the woman herself for the purpose of providing sexual pleasure to the contractor. Through interpretative analysis was possible to understand the lived violence leads women to remain in daily life where is this fear, inauthenticity and ambiguity. violence unveils lived relations of domination and assertion of male power, manifested by violence physical, psychological, moral and sexual. The study advances in scientific knowledge by showing that violence against women, in prostitution, must be understood as a process factual as well as the suffering experienced by them.

  20. Prostitution and HIV: what do we know and where might research be targeted in the future?

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKeganey, N P

    1994-09-01

    A review of the literature indicates that the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and prostitution varies by geographic region and can be altered substantially by well-planned public health interventions. In most African countries and in Asian countries such as Thailand, the rate of HIV infection among female prostitutes is substantially higher than the rate in the general population. Relatively few commercial sex workers in South and Central America are HIV-positive; however, their extremely high rates of infection with sexually transmitted diseases indicates the potential for future epidemic spread of HIV. In Europe and North America, HIV infection is most prevalent among drug-injecting or crack-using prostitutes. Neglected has been research on the high incidence of HIV among male transvestite and transsexual prostitutes. The lowest levels of condom use in commercial sex encounters have been recorded in regions in developing countries with the highest HIV prevalence. Also of concern are high condom breakage rates (20-50%) among female prostitutes who use petroleum-based lubricants and male prostitutes who practice anal sex. Valuable would be quantification of the additional HIV risk resulting from sex with a prostitute. Other recommended research areas include estimates of the number of male and female prostitutes working in certain geographic areas, mechanisms for monitoring condom use and substance abuse among prostitutes, the impact of HIV infection on movement into and out of prostitution, the dynamics of prostitute-client condom negotiation, and profiles of the clients of male prostitutes.

  1. The regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu (1875-1915).

    Science.gov (United States)

    özbek, Müge

    2010-01-01

    This study examines the development and nature of the regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu during the late Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the way the regulationist regime reinforced existing patterns of class and gender domination. The regulation of prostitution became a matter of urgency in the last decades of the nineteenth century in Istanbul, particularly in Beyoğlu, the cosmopolitan centre of the city. Through this process, the protests of the local residents of the area objecting to the proliferation of prostitution in their neighbourhoods played a crucial role in prompting the governmental authorities to tighten the regulations.

  2. Legal Network report calls for decriminalization of prostitution in Canada.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Betteridge, Glenn

    2005-12-01

    In December 2005 the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network released Sex, work, rights: reforming Canadian criminal laws on prostitution. The report examines the ways in which the prostitution-related provisions of the Criminal Code, and their enforcement, have criminalized many aspects of sex workers' lives and have promoted their social marginalization. Evidence indicates that the criminal law has contributed to health and safety risks, including the risk of HIV infection, faced by sex workers. The Legal Network calls for the decriminalization of prostitution in Canada, and for other legal and policy reforms that respect the human rights and promote the health of sex workers. Despite the report's Canadian focus, its human rights analysis is relevant to the situation of sex workers in other countries where prostitution is illegal and sex workers face rights abuses. In this article, Glenn Betteridge, the principal author of the report, briefly sets out the case for law reform.

  3. Risk practices for HIV infection and other STDs amongst female prostitutes working in legalized brothels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pyett, P M; Haste, B R; Snow, J

    1996-02-01

    Most research investigating risk practices for HIV infection and other STDs amongst sex workers has focused on street prostitutes to the exclusion of those prostitutes who work in different sections of the industry. This is largely a consequence of methodological difficulties in accessing prostitutes other than those who work on the streets. HIV prevention research and interventions must address the fact that risk practices may vary according to the type of prostitution engaged in. This paper reports on risk practices for HIV infection and other STDs amongst prostitutes working in legalized brothels in Victoria, Australia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed by representatives of a sex worker organization whose collaboration was an important factor in obtaining a large sample of prostitutes. The study found low levels of risk practices for prostitutes working in legal brothels in Victoria. The major risk practices indentified were injecting drug use and condom non-use with non-paying partners.

  4. The phenomenon of prostitution in the Old Testament in ethical assessment of biblical authors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Halina Jodzio

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The article discusses the problem of prostitution in Old Testament texts. First it analyses the vocabulary znh and qᵉdēšāh (qādēš and then legal, narrative, prophetic and wisdom texts. The analysis shows that the phenomenon of prostitution was quite common in the ancient world. Narrative texts show that although accepted the prostitutes lived on the fringe of society. Moreover legal, prophetic and wisdom texts always give negative assessment of prostitution.

  5. Webcam Child Prostitution: An Exploration of Current and Futuristic Methods of Detection

    OpenAIRE

    AÇAR, Kemal Veli

    2017-01-01

    Webcam Child Prostitution (WCP) is an emerging form of online child sexual abuse which the victim simply sells his/her live sexual images through Voice-over IP (VoIP) applications. Although it doesn’t directly create some of the negative effects of traditional child prostitution such as sexual transmitted diseases, it may provide future abusers and victims to traditional child prostitution and child sex tourism. Therefore, appropriate and effective prevention strategies for this heinous act s...

  6. Cervical neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in prostitutes.

    OpenAIRE

    Gitsch, G; Kainz, C; Reinthaller, A; Kopp, W; Tatra, G; Breitenecker, G

    1991-01-01

    OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of PAP smears indicating cervical dysplasia as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in prostitutes. DESIGN--Prevalence and incidence study of cervical dysplasia and HPV infection in prostitutes. For detection and typing of HPV-DNA In Situ Hybridisation (ISH) was performed in tissue samples with CIN gained by colposcopically directed punch biopsies. SETTING--Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical...

  7. Women performers and prostitutes in Medieval India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bano, Shadab

    2012-01-01

    Music and dance, the esoteric performing arts, were markers of culture in medieval India. A number of these differing forms developed into well-recognized and reputed arts over time. The practitioners were, accordingly, regarded as agents of refinement and culture. At the same time, music and dance were also among the most popular forms of entertainment and physical pleasure. This aspect remained crucial in classifying musicians, singers and dancers as entertainers, alongside prostitutes. While the labelling together might have reduced the status of performers at times, the labelling hardly remained fixed. Certain practitioners, even if involved in practices otherwise considered immoral, could remain within the elite circle, while for others the ‘evil’ characteristics got emphasized. There were, within the class of women who prostituted themselves, courtesans trained in the skills of music and dancing and educated in the fine arts, who were treated more as embodiments of culture. These categories—artists, skilled entertainers, courtesans—were quite fluid, with the boundaries seemingly fused together. Still, there were certainly some distinctions among the categories and those did not totally disappear, affording sanctity and purity to certain kinds of performers and allowing them to claim distinctiveness. Notably, the class of courtesans clearly stood apart from the common prostitutes. The attempt in this article is to look at different categories of women performers and prostitutes, their apparent coalescing boundaries and specialities as a separate group, their societal position, their shifting roles and the changes that affected their status. In this, it is worthwhile to consider the state’s attitude towards them, besides societal views that remained quite diverse.

  8. Street prostitution zones and crime

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bisschop, P.; Kastoryano, S.; van der Klaauw, B.

    2017-01-01

    This paper studies the effects of legal street prostitution zones on registered and perceived crime. We exploit a unique setting in the Netherlands where these tippelzones were opened in nine cities under different regulation systems. Our difference-in-difference analysis of 25 Dutch cities between

  9. [Child-juvenile prostitution: a systematic literature review].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ribeiro, Moneda Oliveira; Dias, Aretuzza de Fátima

    2009-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to understand how infant-juvenile prostitution is being explained by researchers through an extensive bibliographical survey on national and international scientific sources. It was possible to access 20 references in full text form, which were analyzed according to the Content Analysis method. The analysis consisted in answering how infant-juvenile prostitution is represented by the author in relation to the concepts, causes, effects and solutions described in the references. It was found that the authors approached the subject as a way of survival, resulting from an unequal society, adult-centered and male chauvinist causing mental and physical diseases in children.

  10. The prostitution and trafficking of American Indian/Alaska Native women in Minnesota.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farley, Melissa; Deer, Sarah; Golding, Jacqueline M; Matthews, Nicole; Lopez, Guadalupe; Stark, Christine; Hudon, Eileen

    2016-01-01

    We examined social and physical violence experienced by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women in prostitution and their impacts on the mental and physical health of 105 women (81% Anishinaabe, mean age = 35 years) recruited through service agencies in three Minnesota cities. In childhood, abuse, foster care, arrests, and prostitution were typical. Homelessness, rape, assault, racism, and pimping were common. The women's most prevalent physical symptoms included muscle pain, impaired memory or concentration, and headaches. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociation were common, with more severe psychological symptoms associated with worse health. Most of the women wanted to leave prostitution and they most often identified counseling and peer support as necessary to accomplish this. Most saw colonization and prostitution of AI/AN women as connected.

  11. Exit Prostitution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Henriksen, Theresa Dyrvig; Aslaug Kjær, Agnete; Christensen, Gunvor

    2015-01-01

    Dette midtvejsnotat omhandler projektet ”Exit prostitution”. Exit-projektet blev påbegyndt i april 2012 og løber til udgangen af 2015 og befinder sig i øjeblikket midtvejs i projektets afprøvningsfase. I projektet anvendes metoden Critical Time Intervention (CTI), der er en evidensbaseret...... til det. Exit-projektet er dermed en central socialpolitisk indsats overfor borgere i prostitution i det danske samfund. I dette notat belyser vi midtvejsresultater for, hvordan udviklingen er for de borgere, der er nået halvt igennem et CTI-forløb. I den afsluttende evaluering af projektet i 2015 vil...

  12. Prostitution and Human Trafficking : A model-based exploration and policy analysis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kovari, A.; Pruyt, E.

    2012-01-01

    The meeting of the oldest profession with modern slavery is the topic of this paper. After a brief introduction to prostitution and prostitution-related human trafficking, this paper focuses on the Dutch policy debate. A System Dynamics simulation model related to the Dutch situation developed to

  13. Homefucking is Killing Prostitution / Taavi Eelmaa

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Eelmaa, Taavi, 1971-

    2008-01-01

    Mis jääb vaatajale teatrietendusest meelde? Ilmus Kris Moori raamat "Homefucking is Killing Prostitution". Raamat sisaldab tekste ja Erki Lauri fotosid Von Krahli Teatri samanimelisest etendusest, mida kordagi ei mängitud

  14. Consistent and Persistent: A Necessary Response to Children Involved in Prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    LeBlanc, L. Suzanne

    This document presents a systematic, comparative review of three reports: (1) "Community Consultation on Prostitution in British Columbia: Overview of Results" (released in March 1996 by the Ministry of the Attorney General in British Columbia); (2) "Children Involved in Prostitution" (from Alberta in January 1997); and (3)…

  15. Antecedents to Prostitution: Childhood Victimization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nadon, Susan M.; Koverola, Catherine; Schludermann, Eduard H.

    1998-01-01

    Adolescent prostitutes (n=45) and adolescent nonprostitutes (n=37) were interviewed regarding their experiences related to childhood physical and sexual abuse, leaving home, family functioning, parental alcohol and drug use, and level of self-esteem. Although results replicated previous findings, when a comparison group was considered the same…

  16. Absence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus in Peruvian prostitutes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Golenbock, D T; Guerra, J; Pfister, J; Golubjatnikov, R; Tejada, A; Abugattas, J; Kemper, R; Maki, D G

    1988-12-01

    We serologically tested 140 female prostitutes (mean age, 30 years) from the port city of Callao, Peru, for evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex viruses (HSV) I and II, and hepatitis B virus. The women had worked as prostitutes for an average of 5 years; one-fourth serviced foreign visitors exclusively, mainly sailors. Only 4 women used condoms, and only 1 woman gave a history of parenteral narcotic abuse, although 53% were regularly exposed to unsterile needles outside the medical setting for injections of vitamins, antibiotics, or steroids; another 29% are thought to probably use unsterile needles. None of the 140 prostitutes screened was seropositive for HIV, despite a very high prevalence of antibody to T. pallidum (24%), C. trachomatis (97%), HSV I and II (100%), and hepatitis B (51%); 5% were HbsAg positive. These data indicate that HIV has not yet been introduced into female prostitutes in the Peruvian port city. We believe that widespread use of unsterile needles in developing countries, such as Peru, represents a serious health threat and will amplify the spread of HIV, once introduced.

  17. A Comparison of Drug Use between Prostitutes and Other Female Arrestees.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yacoubian, George S., Jr.; Urbach, Blake J.; Larsen, Kristine L.; Johnson, Regina J.; Peters, Ronald J., Jr.

    2000-01-01

    In this study, drug use data were collected from 3,587 female arrestees surveyed through Houston's Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program. Chi-square statistics indicated females arrested for prostitution were significantly more likely to test positive for cocaine than the non-prostitutes. Implications for drug treatment and public health…

  18. Jagua Nana's Children: The Image of the Prostitute in Post Colonial ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    usually stigmatized while their male clients are often covered up in most patriarchal societies, the men who are served by female prostitutes are as “guilty” as the females for supporting and sustaining an odious institution, since it takes patronage for prostitution to flourish. It is only when we realize this that the problems ...

  19. Sex, AIDS, migration, and prostitution : human trafficking in the Caribbean

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catherine Benoît

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available Study of sexual tourism in Saint Martin/Sint Maarten, where prostitution is a widespread reality. Author argues that on this island where rapid economic development is based on the tourist industry and on offshore financial services, sexual relationships are determined by geopolitical and financial (neoliberal interests that go beyond sexuality per se. She focuses on the precarious situation of the foreign prostitutes who have no working papers.

  20. The prostitutions: power and sex

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adele Nunziante Cesaro

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available The contemporary scenario features many and unusual versions of the sexual mercenary exchange, articulating new dynamics of desire. Prostitution remains a “question” which interrogates the gender and the difference between the sexes. According to a Freudian perspective, the authors present some reflection on the forms of sexuality today.

  1. Placing prostitution: the spatial-sexual order of Amsterdam and its growth coalition

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Aalbers, M.B.; Deinema, M.

    2012-01-01

    Amsterdam's red-light district is the paradigmatic case of window prostitution, but it is not a stable case: both the regulatory context of prostitution in the Netherlands and the socio-spatial dynamics of the district have changed throughout the years. This paper advances our understanding of

  2. Lifestyles and routine activities of South African teenagers at risk of being trafficked for involuntary prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lutya, Thozama Mandisa

    2010-12-01

    The United Nations estimates that 79% of teenage girls trafficked globally every year are forced into involuntary prostitution. About 247 000 South African children work in exploitative conditions; about 40 000 South African female teenagers work as prostitutes. This paper investigates lifestyles and routine activities of teenagers at risk of being trafficked for involuntary prostitution. The key concepts involuntary prostitution, intergenerational sex and exploitative conditions are defined in relation to the lifestyles and routine activities of South African female teenagers. Human trafficking for involuntary prostitution is described, based on a literature review. Lifestyle exposure and routine activities theories help to explain the potential victimisation of these teenagers in human trafficking for involuntary prostitution. Actual lifestyle and routine activities of South African teenagers and risky behaviours (substance abuse, intergenerational sex and child prostitution) are discussed as factors that make teens vulnerable to such trafficking. This paper recommends that human trafficking prevention efforts (awareness programmes and information campaigns) be directed at places frequented by human traffickers and teenagers in the absence of a capable guardian to reduce victimisation, as traffickers analyse the lifestyles and routine activities of their targets. South Africa should also interrogate entrenched practices such as intergenerational sex.

  3. Exploring the role of the internet in juvenile prostitution cases coming to the attention of law enforcement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wells, Melissa; Mitchell, Kimberly J; Ji, Kai

    2012-01-01

    This exploratory analysis examines the role of the Internet in juvenile prostitution cases coming to the attention of law enforcement. The National Juvenile Prostitution Study (N-JPS) collected information from a national sample of law enforcement agencies about the characteristics of juvenile prostitution cases. In comparison to non-Internet juvenile prostitution cases, Internet juvenile prostitution cases involved younger juveniles and police were more likely to treat juveniles as victims rather than offenders. In addition, these cases were significantly more likely to involve a family or acquaintance exploiter. This analysis suggests that the role of the Internet may impact legal and social service response to juveniles involved in prostitution. In addition, it highlights the need for interventions that acknowledge the vulnerabilities of youth involved in this type of commercial sexual exploitation.

  4. Decriminalizing Indoor Prostitution: Implications for Sexual Violence and Public Health

    OpenAIRE

    Scott Cunningham; Manisha Shah

    2014-01-01

    Most governments in the world including the United States prohibit prostitution. Given these types of laws rarely change and are fairly uniform across regions, our knowledge about the impact of decriminalizing sex work is largely conjectural. We exploit the fact that a Rhode Island District Court judge unexpectedly decriminalized indoor prostitution in 2003 to provide the first causal estimates of the impact of decriminalization on the composition of the sex market, rape offenses, and sexuall...

  5. [Attendance at a health center by clandestine prostitutes in Djibouti].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Philippon, M; Saada, M; Kamil, M A; Houmed, H M

    1997-01-01

    The extent of clandestine prostitution in Djibouti is difficult to evaluate. Due to the secrecy of the prostitutes and often their low level of education, the follow-up of these patients is also difficult. A sexually transmitted disease clinic specialized in the treatment of prostitutes and their customers has been established in Djibouti since 1963. We tried to evaluate the available data on the clandestine prostitutes attendance at the center. The population was young with a mean age of 23 years. Fifty percent had children and 60% were divorced or separated. Ninety-one percent were Ethiopian and 73% lived in the same district of the city of Djibouti. Almost half of them were HIV positive. The duration of residence in Djibouti before the first visit to the clinic varied widely with a median of 12 months. However, the total duration of prostitution before the first visit was shorter with a median of 3 months. The complaint at the first visit was most often minor. Among the prostitutes who first came to the center in 1993, half of them came only once. The overall duration of follow-up was 8 months, for an average of 3.7 visits per patient. Alternatively, 20 patients had more than 10 consultations and this represented one third of the consultations given to previous patients. This last group is the only one which tended to respect the monthly visits proposed to each patient at the first consultation. The other patients seemed to come only when they felt ill. The routine statistical activities which separately counted the new and previous patients gave an optimistic but faulty impression: these showed an increase in the total number of patients and also an increase in the percentage of previous patients visiting (from 42 to 69% between 1988 and 1994). It is difficult to evaluate the follow-up of such a mobile population. The few patients known for their fidelity contrasted with the fact that half of the patients had visited the center only once. This low frequency of

  6. [Physicians, prostitution, and venereal disease in Colombia (1886-1951)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Obregón, Diana

    2002-01-01

    The article examines the Colombian medical field's fight against so-called venereal diseases between 1886 and 1951, a period when the country was undergoing processes of urbanization, population growth, and the emergence both of industry as well as of a middle class and an urban proletariat. Physicians found a close connection between the spread of syphilis and gonorrhea and the rise of prostitution in cities. At the close of the 19th century, doctors and public health bodies assumed prostitution was inevitable. In 1907 they managed to have it legalized and they opened clinics to dispense mercury therapy and treatment with arsenic compounds. Starting in the 1930s amd 1940s, treatment of venereal diseases was viewed as the State's duty, necessary to protect "la raza" and safeguard progress and civilization. As of 1950, the efficient use of penicillin once again caused the question of prostitution to be posed in more moral and aesthetic terms and brought an end to the regulations groverning its practice, at least in Bogota.

  7. “Shameful diseases” and the legal regulation of prostitution. Rosario-Argentina (1874-1932

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa Múgica

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available In late 19th and early 20th century venereal diseases received special attention in the medical, journalistic and political speeches. Local regulations regarding the issue of prostitution and the tipical problems of cities which, like Rosario, underwent a process of sudden modernization, accounted for this special attention. Prostitution appeared in epochal representations associated with venereal diseases, especially syphilis and gonorrhea, witch, together with alcoholism and tuberculosis, were characterized as some of the major preventable social ills. Prostitution was perceived as the main source of sexually transmitted infections. In this work we analyze discourses on venereal diseases also called “secret” at that time; we also analyse the fears these instilled in society and the prophylactic practices adopted to protect the individual bodies and the social body of the city when the regulated prostitution system was in force in Rosario (1874-1932.

  8. Commodification of Sexual Labor: The Contribution of Internet Communities to Prostitution Reform

    Science.gov (United States)

    Young, Jeffrey R.

    2009-01-01

    This is an ethnographic study of a self-regulated Internet site that facilitates illegal female prostitution in South Florida. The purpose is to identify the social and economic characteristics of the site that can contribute to acceptable prostitution reform. The members of the site appear to sustain an orderly and mutually respectful exchange of…

  9. The role of the concentration camps in the Nazi repression of prostitutes, 1933-9.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Victoria

    2010-01-01

    This article uses prostitutes as a case study in order to investigate the role of the early concentration camps as centres of detention for social deviants. In contrasting the intensification of repressive policies towards prostitutes against narratives which demonstrate the unexpectedly lax treatment of these women, it explores what the reasons behind these contradictions might have been, and what this demonstrates about the development of these institutions. It asks the following questions. How and why were prostitutes interned? Which bureaucrats were responsible for incarcerating these women and what did they view the role of the camp to be? Were such policies centrally directed or the product of local decision-making? Through asking these questions, the article explores to what extent these camps were unique as mechanisms for the repression and marginalization of prostitutes.

  10. Exploring the Role of the Internet in Juvenile Prostitution Cases Coming to the Attention of Law Enforcement

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wells, Melissa; Mitchell, Kimberly J.; Ji, Kai

    2012-01-01

    This exploratory analysis examines the role of the Internet in juvenile prostitution cases coming to the attention of law enforcement. The National Juvenile Prostitution Study (N-JPS) collected information from a national sample of law enforcement agencies about the characteristics of juvenile prostitution cases. In comparison to non-Internet…

  11. "I Fell off [the Mothering] Track": Barriers to "Effective Mothering" among Prostituted Women

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalla, Rochelle

    2004-01-01

    Ecological theory and basic assumptions for the promotion of effective mothering among low-income and working-poor women are applied in relation to a particularly vulnerable population: street-level prostitution-involved women. Qualitative data from 38 street-level prostituted women shows barriers to effective mothering at the individual,…

  12. It’s not only for the money: an analysis of adolescent versus adult entry into street prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cobbina, Jennifer E; Oselin, Sharon S

    2011-01-01

    Numerous studies examine the causal factors of entrance into prostitution and find economic marginalization, substance addiction, and interpersonal networks are common reasons women enter the trade. However, we know less about the role that age of onset plays in shaping female pathways into prostitution. Here, we build from insights into previous research by analyzing not only entry pathways but also how age categories are linked to time spent in the trade and whether the length of time in prostitution exacts a greater “toll” on women. Drawing from the feminist and age of onset literatures, we analyze 40 in-depth interviews with female street prostitutes from five U.S. cities. Our results underscore the importance of age as an organizing feature of women’s pathways into prostitution and the potential associated consequences of working in this trade.

  13. Cinematic Forced Atonement, 1960-2000: The Masculine Gaze and Violence Against Female Prostitutes

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    Heather Griffiths

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Content analysis is used to examine the representation of prostitutes in film between 1960 and 2000 in order to describe the forced atonement of deviant characters. Consistently across all four decades, the film prostitute is subject to a forced atonement, victimized by one or more abusive situations as a prerequisite to her transformation from criminal (prostitute to non-criminal (occurring in thirty-three out of thirty-eight movies. This finding is significant because (1 cinematic depictions of predominately female deviance consistently use forced atonement to resolve female deviance and (2 when male characters use violence to punish women for having sex outside of marriage, the message is sent that female sexuality may be controlled with violence

  14. Ville et prostitution : rivales ou riveraines ? City and Prostitution: Rivals or Neighbours?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catherine Deschamps

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Sous l’égide de l’Association des maires des grandes villes de France s’est tenue à Nantes, en juin 2003, la “Première rencontre française et internationale des professionnels de la ville” intitulée Les politiques urbaines face à la prosti­tution. Mobilisation des villes pour la répression de la traite aux fins d’exploi­tation sexuelle, la prévention et l’aide aux victimes. À partir des “actes” de cette rencontre, d’une enquête de terrain, d’une revue de la littérature et de la presse quotidienne française pour l’année 2003, cet article questionne la généa­logie contemporaine de l’association de la prostitution aux villes et les raisons qui, à tort ou à raison, motivent cette association. Parmi ces raisons, se cache une instrumentalisation des plus ambiguës de la “jeune prostituée étrangère”, associée à son corps défendant à l’image d’une traite mondiale, donc tenta­culaire. La rencontre nantaise est alors, à l’échelle de la ville, l’illustration, ou la répétition, de mécanismes plus généraux.Under the aegis of the Association of mayors of major French cities, the “First French and international meeting of city professionals” was held at Nantes, in June 2003, entitled Urban policies in dealing with prostitution. The mobilization of cities in the repression of slavery for purposes of sexual exploitation, prevention and aid to victims. Based on the “acts” of this meeting, a field survey, a review of the literature and the daily French press for the year 2003, this article questions the contemporary genealogy of the association of prostitution and cities, and the reasons which, rightly or wrongly, motivate that association. Among these reasons, is hidden a most ambiguous instrumentalization of the “young foreign prostitute”, associated despite herself with the image of a worldwide, and hence tentacular, slave trade. Thus the Nantes meeting is, on a city scale, the

  15. A glimpse into 30 years of struggle against prostitution by the women's liberation movement in Norway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Strøm, Agnete

    2009-11-01

    The Women's Front of Norway has worked against prostitution for 30 years. In 2008 a law criminalizing the purchase of a sexual act was passed in Norway. This article describes the struggle and the main actors in lobbying for the law. In the 1980s, we raised awareness of prostitution and trafficking in women in a study of the pornography industry, and targeted sex tourist agencies organizing trips to the Philippines and Thailand. In the 1990s, our members in trade unions got their unions to take a stand against prostitution and against legalizing prostitution as "work". In 2006, the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions Congress supported a law criminalizing the buyer of a sexual act; this had a strong impact on the centre-left coalition Government. We invited leaders of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women to Norway to meet parliamentarians and trade unionists, and kept up the pressure. From the start, the focus was on ensuring that the situation for women in prostitution was ameliorated. Our demands have been for better social services and job training. Street prostitution, especially in Oslo, has been curbed, and a growth in the indoor market has not been reported. Our next task is participating in the awareness campaign "Buying Sex is not a Sport" in connection with the Soccer World Cup, South Africa, 2010.

  16. Living the life : prostitutes and their health

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    C.E.J.M. Sterk (Claire)

    1990-01-01

    textabstractThis dissertation is based upon research among 120 female prostitutes in "Northeast", an urban area just outside a major city along the east coast of the United States. Northeast is one of the most densely populated areas in the United States (U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980). The area

  17. Prostitution in times of economic crisis: effects, human agency and societal responses

    OpenAIRE

    Persak, Nina

    2012-01-01

    In times of economic hardship both formal and informal economy are affected. The paper begins by inspecting the characteristics of the informal economy, some of which may act as disadvantages as well as advantages, addressing prostitution as one type of informal economic activity. Looking at the available data, we then observe in which way and to what extent the current global financial crisis has affected the informal economy, in general, and prostitution, in particular. Next, we examine the...

  18. DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PUBLIC OPINION ON PROSTITUTION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

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    Sarah Pudifin

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available This paper examines countervailing South African public opinion on the subject of prostitution in South Africa, and identifies the factors which might influence these attitudes. It also investigates the complex relationship between public opinion and the law. Whilst engaging in prostitution constitutes a criminal offence under the Sexual Offences Act 23 of 1957, it is generally ignored by the police, which results in a quasi-legalised reality on the ground. In recent years there has been growing demand for the decriminalisation of prostitution, and as a result the issue is currently under consideration by the South African Law Reform Commission. The Commission released a Discussion Paper on Adult ProSstitution in May 2009, and is expected to make recommendations to parliament for legal reform in this area. An exploratory survey of 512 South Africans revealed interesting correlations between opinion on prostitution and both demographic characteristics (including gender, age, race and education level and so-called "social" characteristics (including religiosity, belief in the importance of gender equality, the acceptance of rape myths, and a belief that prostitutes have no other options. The survey reveals two key findings in respect of the attitudes of South Africans to prostitution. Firstly, an overwhelming majority of South Africans - from all walks of life - remain strongly morally opposed to prostitution, and would not support legal reforms aimed at decriminalising or legalising prostitution. Secondly, our data confirm that these views are strongly influenced by certain demographic and 'social' variables. In particular, race, gender, religiosity, cohabitation status, and socio-economic status were found to be religiosity, cohabitation status, and socio-economic status were found to be statistically significantly related to opinions on prostitution, while other variables - particularly the belief in the importance of gender equality and the

  19. The challenges of Belgian prostitution markets as legal informal economies: an empirical look behind the scenes at the oldest profession in the world

    OpenAIRE

    Boels, Dominique

    2015-01-01

    An extensive body of literature exists on sex work and prostitution, covering a variety of topics. The relation between prostitution and the informal economy, however, has not been widely studied. This article aims to contribute to this under-researched domain. Furthermore, it empirically contributes to the current topical policy debate on prostitution by offering insights into the perceptions of prostitutes and other stakeholders in the prostitution business and policy towards it in Ghent, B...

  20. Sex, price and preferences: accounting for unsafe sexual practices in prostitution markets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adriaenssens, Stef; Hendrickx, Jef

    2012-06-01

    Unsafe sexual practices are persistent in prostitution interactions: one in four contacts can be called unsafe. The determinants of this are still matter for debate. We account for the roles played by clients' preferences and the hypothetical price premium of unsafe sexual practices with the help of a large dataset of clients' self-reported commercial sexual transactions in Belgium and The Netherlands. Almost 25,000 reports were collected, representing the whole gamut of prostitution market segments. The first set of explanations consists of an analysis of the price-fixing elements of paid sex. With the help of the so-called hedonic pricing method we test for the existence of a price incentive for unsafe sex. In accordance with the results from studies in some prostitution markets in the developing world, the study replicates a significant wage penalty for condom use of an estimated 7.2 per cent, confirmed in both multilevel and fixed-effects regressions. The second part of the analysis reconstructs the demand side basis of this wage penalty: the consistent preference of clients of prostitution for unsafe sex. This study is the first to document empirically clients' preference for intercourse without a condom, with the help of a multilevel ordinal regression. © 2011 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness © 2011 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness/Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  1. Sexual Abuse as a Precursor to Prostitution and Victimization among Adolescent and Adult Homeless Women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simons, Ronald L.; Whitbeck, Les B.

    1991-01-01

    Studied 40 adolescent runaways and 95 homeless women to examine impact of early sexual abuse on prostitution and victimization. Findings suggest that early sexual abuse increases probability of involvement in prostitution irrespective of influence of running away, substance abuse, and other deviant acts; only indirectly affects chances of…

  2. 'Its all supply and demand': Market fatalism and norm construction by prostitution clients in the Netherlands and Belgium

    OpenAIRE

    Adriaenssens, Stef

    2010-01-01

    Given the deviant nature of prostitution, expectations and information used to depend on clients personal experiences. This has changed fundamentally during recent decades. The emergence of user-generated websites discussing commercial sexual exchanges has allowed moral economies of prostitution as a distinctly social phenomenon to develop. This contribution reconstructs the social norms of prostitution clients with the help of a qualitative analysis of internet reviews by clients in the Neth...

  3. The two "faces" of Antillean prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalm, F

    1985-06-01

    Prostitutes who operate in the refinery town of St. Nicholas, the second largest urban center in Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, fall into two categories: temporary migrants from Colombia, who live and work for 3-month periods in the saloon-cribs along the main street; and permanently resident Dominican Republicans, who live and work in the village ghetto. The Colombians receive encomia, the Dominican Republicans, opprobria. In addition to addressing the differential statuses, prognoses, and earnings of the two groups, this paper also examines the historical background to the development of the differential assessments and offers ethnographic support for the continuation of the structural oppositions that separate the two groups. It is suggested that local perceptions of "other" people (including prostitutes) are tied to specific social and economic circumstances. Variables such as economic competition, ethnicity, length of employment in a low-status occupation, and the generally favored position accorded to "people like us," in contrast to the negative attitude held toward "people like them," are examined in terms of their relevance to the differential status of the two groups. It is also suggested that the underlying as well as the overt bases for these stereotypical ascriptions may have broader applicability: differential rather than unilateral assessments may indeed be the norm rather than a peculiarly Antillean perception.

  4. Human trafficking and legalized prostitution in the Netherlands

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    Siegel Dina

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available On 1 October 2000, the Netherlands became the first European country to legalize prostitution as a profession, with its rights and duties. On the other hand, this new Dutch law excluded those sex workers, who come from outside the EU. The majority of women working in the sex industry, who are considered illegal migrants in the Netherlands, had two choices: either leaving the country or disappearing into the illegal criminal circuit. For law enforcement and assistant services, it became extremely difficult to control the sector. In this paper, the consequences of the 'Brothel Law' are presented. What happens with illegal non-European sex workers in the Netherlands, how the problem of human trafficking is constructed in Dutch media and combated in the country, what could be learned from the 'Dutch case'? The paper aims to answer these questions and contribute to the general study on human trafficking and voluntary prostitution in Europe.

  5. How do prostitution customers value health and position health in their discussions? Qualitative analysis of online forums.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Regushevskaya, Elena; Tuormaa, Tuija

    2014-11-01

    Information on the health values and positioning of health among prostitution customers is limited. The aim is to explore the positioning of health among prostitution customers using data from Internet forums in Finland. Qualitative study using a purposive sample of public online forums among prostitution customers in 2002-2012. Health beliefs in relation to infections and risky sexual behavior were diverse, from correct to false. Although men were aware of health risks in prostitution, it was common to have multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. Although there were men who warned others about possible health consequences when a condom is not used, typically men were proud not to use a condom with a prostitute and found different explanations for not using a condom. Condom breakage was not an issue discussed in forums. Unexpected findings were beliefs that one fifth of the Nordic population is resistant to HIV, that the possibility of HIV transmission is exaggerated by medical specialists, and that men should control their behavior in order not to degrade prostitutes. Discussions on health service use were few. Sexual satisfaction and entertainment were the main reasons to post in the analyzed forums health discussion was not common although condom use was reported, attention to health risks was selective information on health service use was limited, which may suggest this topic was not valued among men and should be a topic of future studies. © 2014 the Nordic Societies of Public Health.

  6. From Poule de Luxe to Geisha: Source Languages behind the Present-Day English Synonyms of Prostitute

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    Bożena Duda

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims at drawing a picture, as complete as possible, of an anthropocentric reality hidden in the synonyms of prostitute which have been incorporated into the English lexico-semantic system from other languages since the beginning of the 19th century. The body of Present-day English synonyms of prostitute to be analysed includes horizontal, geisha, shawl and poule de luxe. Apart from providing the source languages from which English borrowed the afore-mentioned synonyms of prostitute, an attempt will be made at discovering the plausible cultural and sociological justification for the lexical borrowings to have taken place. In order to make the onomasiological picture of the sense ‘prostitute’ as complete as it can be within the limits of this paper, a mention will be made of the lexical heritage within the range of the synonyms of prostitute which were incorporated into the English language in the course of Middle English, Early Modern English and Late Modern English.

  7. Early Sexual Exploitation as an Influence in Prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silbert, Mimi H.; Pines, Ayala M.

    1983-01-01

    Surveyed 200 female street prostitutes to determine whether they were sexually exploited during childhood. Results showed 60 percent of the subjects were sexually exploited. The few girls who discussed their abuse with others were met with shame and most often inaction. Only 10 percent were abused by strangers. (JAC)

  8. Prostitution, criminal law and morality in the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boutellier, J.C.J.

    1991-01-01

    In 1911 a new public morality act was enacted in the Netherlands. Article 250bis of the penal code states that it is forbidden to give opportunity for prostitution. This so called article on brothelkeeping was the result of growing pressure of a coalition between christian puritans, socialists and

  9. Wards of the State: regnant and prostitute women Wards of the State: regnant and prostitute women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gail Pheterson

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available The paper demonstrates common mechanisms underlying state control of prostitute and pregnant women. On a global level, institutional regulation of pregnancy and prostitution has been incorporated into “population control” and “migration control” under the name of “family planning” and “anti trafficking”. Although those policies fit within a coherent system, reproductive and sexual issues are most often isolated, or framed as ideological and strategic opposites, also by feminist theorists and activists. This false dichotomy reinforces the division of women and colludes with social hypocrisy and injustice.El artículo muestra los mecanismos comunes subyacentes en el control estatal a mujeres prostitutas y embarazadas. Aun nivel global, la regulación institucional del embarazo y de la prostitución ha sido incorporada al “control de la población” y al “control de la migración” bajo el nombre de “planeamiento familiar” y “antitráfico”. Aunque estas políticas se incluyen dentro de un sistema coherente, las cuestiones sobre reproducción y sexualidad son muy a menudo aisladas o enmarcadas como oposiciones ideológicas y estratégicas, incluso por feministas teóricos y activistas. Esta falsa dicotomía refuerza la división de la mujer y refuerza la hipocresía social y la injusticia.

  10. An exploratory model of girls' vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation in prostitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reid, Joan A

    2011-05-01

    Due to inaccessibility of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation, the majority of emergent research on the problem lacks theoretical framing or sufficient data for quantitative analysis. Drawing from Agnew's general strain theory, this study utilized structural equation modeling to explore: whether caregiver strain is linked to child maltreatment, if experiencing maltreatment is associated with risk-inflating behaviors or sexual denigration of self/others, and if these behavioral and psychosocial dysfunctions are related to vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation. The proposed model was tested with data from 174 predominately African American women, 12% of whom indicated involvement in prostitution while a minor. Findings revealed child maltreatment worsened with increased caregiver strain. Experiencing child maltreatment was linked to running away, initiating substance use at earlier ages, and higher levels of sexual denigration of self/others. Sexual denigration of self/others was significantly related to the likelihood of prostitution as a minor. The network of variables in the model accounted for 34% of the variance in prostitution as a minor.

  11. Ontario: prostitution-related provisions of Criminal Code struck down.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chu, Sandra Ka Hon

    2011-04-01

    In September 2010, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice held that three provisions of the Criminal Code dealing with prostitution violated sex workers' constitutional rights, were not in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice and must be struck down.

  12. Teenage Prostitution as a Product of Child Abuse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seymour, Vickie Lynn

    Teenage runaways and prostitution have become a rising problem in the major cities of the United States. Research into the backgrounds of youngsters selling sexual favors has shown many similarities in children's family background, particularly homes with abusing parents. The handling or lack of handling, up to this point, has not proved…

  13. Comparing Sex Buyers With Men Who Do Not Buy Sex: New Data on Prostitution and Trafficking.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farley, Melissa; Golding, Jacqueline M; Matthews, Emily Schuckman; Malamuth, Neil M; Jarrett, Laura

    2015-08-31

    We investigated attitudes and behaviors associated with prostitution and sexual aggression among 101 men who buy sex and 101 age-, education-, and ethnicity-matched men who did not buy sex. Both groups tended to accept rape myths, be aware of harms of prostitution and trafficking, express ambivalence about the nature of prostitution, and believe that jail time and public exposure are the most effective deterrents to buying sex. Sex buyers were more likely than men who did not buy sex to report sexual aggression and likelihood to rape. Men who bought sex scored higher on measures of impersonal sex and hostile masculinity and had less empathy for prostituted women, viewing them as intrinsically different from other women. When compared with non-sex-buyers, these findings indicate that men who buy sex share certain key characteristics with men at risk of committing sexual aggression as documented by research based on the leading scientific model of the characteristics of non-criminal sexually aggressive men, the Confluence Model of sexual aggression. © The Author(s) 2015.

  14. The traffic in voices: Contrasting experiences of migrant women in prostitution with the paradigm of "human trafficking"

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Alpes, M.J.

    2008-01-01

    This article is based on empirical research with West African migrant women working in prostitution in Paris. Given current migration regulations in Western Europe, as well as state policies on prostitution, the traffickers and people considered to be trafficking victims de facto form part of the

  15. Santé mentale et usage idéologique de l’“état de stress post-traumatique” dans les discours sur la prostitution et la traite Mental Health and the Ideological Use of “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” in Discussing Prostitution and Slavery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marion David

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Analysant les conditions d’émergence et de diffusion du “posttraumatic stress disorder” dans les documents produits par les militants luttant pour la dispa­rition de la prostitution, cet article propose de rendre compte de certains enjeux moraux et idéologiques associés à la mobilisation du registre sanitaire dans les discours sur la prostitution et la traite. Pour cela, seront dans un premier temps examinés les arguments visant à démontrer, antérieurement à l’apparition du ptsd, les conséquences psychiques de la pratique prostitutionnelle. Dans un deuxième temps, après avoir développé le contenu de cette catégorie psychia­trique et montré en quoi elle procède d’un mouvement plus général de médicali­sation de la société, nous présenterons les principales investigations à l’origine de sa reconnaissance chez les prostituées. Enfin, la dernière partie sera consa­crée à considérer l’efficience idéologique de cette “psychiatrisation” de la rhé­torique entourant la prostitution.Analyzing the conditions of the emergence and spread of “posttraumatic stress disorder” in documents produced by militants fighting for the abolition of prostitution, this article proposes an account of some of the moral and ideological issues associated with using health records in discussing prostitution and slavery. To do that, initially, arguments are examined aimed at showing the psychic consequences of the practice of prostitution, developed before the appearance of PTSD. Secondly, after having described the contents of this psychiatric category and having shown that it proceeds from a more general tendency towards the medicalization of society, we will present the principal investigations at the origin of its recognition among prostitutes. The last part will be devoted to considering the ideological efficiency of “psychiatrizing” the rhetoric surrounding prostitution.

  16. A qualitative approach to the positions towards prostitution through social discourse: socioeducational perspective

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    María Carmen Delgado Álvarez

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The social debate on prostitution is polarized into two basic viewpoints or positions: abolition and regulation. These stances emerge from the Social representations of the people who participate in the debate. The aim of this study is to offer an approach to measure the social representation on the topic of prostitution in young university students using the group discussion technique. Four women's discussion groups, four men's groups and one mixed sex group were formed. The content analysis, made with the software Nvivo10, reveals the presence of both stances in the emerging social representation of the students and provides a common framework of definition.In the discussion groups, the focus is on women prostitutes staying hidden away, men as the consumer and the patriarchal model of sexuality that persists. The themes of economics and employment also form an important part of the discussions. The arguments against prostitution are articulated around: (1 stigma and degradation of women, (2 the lack of ethical legitimacy, (3 it's never a free choice for the women nor legitimate for the men f. The arguments in favour are articulated around: (1 It's an agreement between people who are free to choose, (2 it fulfils a social function, (3 it's neither degrading nor ethically reprehensible for women. The analysis of these discourses is essential for an adequate social pedagogy aimed at promoting gender equality values and shedding light on positions of power in gender relations.

  17. Ruthless Rhetoric: Child and Youth Prostitution in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosemberg, Fulvia; Andrade, Leandro Feitosa

    1999-01-01

    Examines representations of street children and child and youth prostitution disseminated through literature and by international and Brazilian media during the 1980s and 1990s. Argues that dissemination of images that stigmatize the poor is caused by the need of the media and of modern philanthropy to make an impact on the public. (Author)

  18. Democracy and Human Rights. The Abolition of Regulated Prostitution in Germany and Italy 1918-1958

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    Malte König

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The essay explores the connections between the abolition of legalized prostitution and the processes of democratization in Germany and Italy, starting from the history of human rights and its interaction with the political system. The main sources are the parliamentary debates and the laws that brought about the closedown of brothels and the abolition of the surveillance system in Germany in 1927 and in Italy in 1958. The debates on prostitution also pose a question of equality and gender justice. In particular, the problem of the regulation of prostitution, whose efficiency has been verified by an ever growing number of researchers during the XX century, deploys factors of sanitary policy, human rights and morals, aspects of social policy and security, questioning not only the gender hierarchy, but also the social one.

  19. Regulating Human Trafficking by Prostitution Policy? : An Assessment of the Dutch and Swedish Prostitution Legislation and its Effects on Women's Self-determination

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zeegers, Nicolle; Althoff, Martina

    2015-01-01

    Is the Nordic model of combating the trafficking of women for sexual purposes to be followed by all member states of the eu? At the moment, the member states still differ considerably in their legislative approaches towards prostitution and the extent to which this is linked to the combat against

  20. Men, prostitution and the provider role: understanding the intersections of economic exchange, sex, crime and violence in South Africa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jewkes, Rachel; Morrell, Robert; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Dunkle, Kristin; Penn-Kekana, Loveday

    2012-01-01

    South African policy makers are reviewing legislation of prostitution, concerned that criminalisation hampers HIV prevention. They seek to understand the relationship between transactional sex, prostitution, and the nature of the involved men. 1645 randomly-selected adult South African men participated in a household study, disclosing whether they had sex with a woman in prostitution or had had a provider relationship (or sex), participation in crime and violence and completing psychological measures. These became outcomes in multivariable regression models, where the former were exposure variables. 51% of men had had a provider relationship and expected sex in return, 3% had had sex with a woman in prostitution, 15% men had done both of these and 31% neither. Provider role men, and those who had just had sex with a woman in prostitution, were socially conservative and quite violent. Yet the men who had done both (75% of those having sex with a woman in prostitution) were significantly more misogynist, highly scoring on dimensions of psychopathy, more sexually and physically violent to women, and extensively engaged in crime. They had often bullied at school, suggesting that this instrumental, self-seeking masculinity was manifest in childhood. The men who had not engaged in sex for economic exchange expressed a much less violent, more law abiding and gender equitable masculinity; challenging assumptions about the inevitability of intersections of age, poverty, crime and misogyny. Provider role relationships (or sex) are normative for low income men, but not having sex with a woman in prostitution. Men who do the latter operate extensively outside the law and their violence poses a substantial threat to women. Those drafting legislation and policy on the sex industry in South Africa need to distinguish between these two groups to avoid criminalising the normal, and consider measures to protect women.

  1. Men, Prostitution and the Provider Role: Understanding the Intersections of Economic Exchange, Sex, Crime and Violence in South Africa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jewkes, Rachel; Morrell, Robert; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Dunkle, Kristin; Penn-Kekana, Loveday

    2012-01-01

    Background South African policy makers are reviewing legislation of prostitution, concerned that criminalisation hampers HIV prevention. They seek to understand the relationship between transactional sex, prostitution, and the nature of the involved men. Methods 1645 randomly-selected adult South African men participated in a household study, disclosing whether they had sex with a woman in prostitution or had had a provider relationship (or sex), participation in crime and violence and completing psychological measures. These became outcomes in multivariable regression models, where the former were exposure variables. Results 51% of men had had a provider relationship and expected sex in return, 3% had had sex with a woman in prostitution, 15% men had done both of these and 31% neither. Provider role men, and those who had just had sex with a woman in prostitution, were socially conservative and quite violent. Yet the men who had done both (75% of those having sex with a woman in prostitution) were significantly more misogynist, highly scoring on dimensions of psychopathy, more sexually and physically violent to women, and extensively engaged in crime. They had often bullied at school, suggesting that this instrumental, self-seeking masculinity was manifest in childhood. The men who had not engaged in sex for economic exchange expressed a much less violent, more law abiding and gender equitable masculinity; challenging assumptions about the inevitability of intersections of age, poverty, crime and misogyny. Conclusions Provider role relationships (or sex) are normative for low income men, but not having sex with a woman in prostitution. Men who do the latter operate extensively outside the law and their violence poses a substantial threat to women. Those drafting legislation and policy on the sex industry in South Africa need to distinguish between these two groups to avoid criminalising the normal, and consider measures to protect women. PMID:22911711

  2. Silvia Kontos: Öffnung der Sperrbezirke. Zum Wandel von Theorien und Politik der Prostitution. Sulzbach im Taunus: Ulrike Helmer Verlag 2009.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Birgit Sauer

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Silvia Kontos stellt die historische Entwicklung von Theorien über heterosexuelle Prostitution sowie von deren politischen Regulierungen in Deutschland dar und greift damit auf herausragende Weise in aktuelle wissenschaftliche und politische Debatten ein. Neben einer profunden Analyse prostitutiver Verhältnisse macht sie ihre geschlechtertheoretisch fundierte normative Position in den aktuellen prostitutionspolitischen Aushandlungsprozessen plausibel. Durch die Verknüpfung von geschlechter- und staatstheoretischer Analyse werden die Paradoxien des Prostitutionsdiskurses ebenso herausgearbeitet wie die der staatlichen Regulierung.Silvia Kontos traces the historical development of theories regarding heterosexual prostitution and those related to its political regulation in Germany. In so doing, she taps into current scientific and political debates in an excellent manner. Her profound analysis of those relationships connected to prostitution aside, she makes plausible her gender-theoretical normative position within current political negotiations about prostitution. She explores the paradoxes found in both prostitution discourse and governmental regulation through the connection between gender and government in her theoretical analysis.

  3. Und die Moral von der Geschicht. Was Prostitutionspolitik heute leisten muss And the Moral of the Story—What Prostitution Politics Must Achieve Today

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Britta Voß

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Das Prostitutionsgesetz von 2002 hat das Geschäft mit der Liebe in Deutschland erstmals aus der illegalen Schmuddelecke geholt. Formal ist die Prostitution damit ein Beruf neben anderen. Eine moralische Neubewertung der „Sexarbeiterinnen“ ist damit nicht einhergegangen. Im vorliegenden Buch, das die wichtigsten Beiträge der Tagung „Frauenhandel und Prostitution in Europa“ versammelt, wird zum Paradigmenwechsel aufgerufen: Ja, es gibt sie, die Frauen (und Männer, die in der Prostitution einen alternativen, durchaus gangbaren Lebensweg sehen. Aber: Es gibt sie mindestens genauso häufig, die „weißen Sklavinnen“, Opfer des internationalen Menschenhandels, die zur Prostitution gezwungen werden. Die Beiträger/-innen des Bandes versuchen, sowohl deren Realität als auch der der freiwilligen Sexarbeiterinnen gerecht zu werden. Dazu werden die gesetzlichen Grundlagen in Deutschland und in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern vorgestellt (sowie die EU-weiten Bemühungen um eine gemeinsame Anti-trafficking-Politik. Der Abdruck modellhafter Arbeitsverträge oder internationaler Statuten von Sexarbeitervereinigungen dient der mit dem Band verbundenen aufklärerischen Absicht, Prostitution als Beruf zu etablieren/wahrzunehmen.The prostitution law of 2002 freed the world’s oldest profession in Germany from the illegal back-alleyways. Formally, prostitution is now a profession like any other. A moral reconsideration of “sex workers,” however, does not necessarily go along with this. The book, which brings together the most important papers from the conference “The Trafficking of Women and Prostitution in Europe,”(“Frauenhandel und Prostitution in Europa” calls for a paradigm shift: Yes, they exist, those women (and men who see prostitution as an alternative and absolutely viable path. However, the “white slaves” also exist, those victims of international human trafficking who are forced into prostitution. The book attempts to

  4. On Certain Aspects of the Problem of Adolescent Prostitution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ivanova, L.

    2004-01-01

    Adolescent prostitution is a particular social phenomenon characterized by the fact that adolescents (those under the age of eighteen), either females or males, engage more than once (at least two times) in extramarital sexual relations with a large number of people for some particular (material) consideration owing to social, economic,…

  5. Young People and Prostitution: An End to the Beginning?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ayre, Patrick; Barrett, David

    2000-01-01

    Examines some reasons for the failure to protect young people in England and Wales from sexual abuse inherent in prostitution. Identifies characteristics of the child protection system which fit poorly for work with these youth. Argues that lasting improvement of these children's well-being depends on the creation of "joined-up,"…

  6. Suicide and Prostitution among Street Youth: A Qualitative Analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kidd, Sean A.; Kral, Michael J.

    2002-01-01

    Presents results of a qualitative analysis of the narratives of 29 street youth in which they describe their experiences with, and understanding of, suicide. A history of attempted suicide was reported by 76% of the participants. Additionally it was found that prostitution was linked with their suicidal experiences and may account for the high…

  7. Space power(s) gender – socio- spatial control of prostitution and the bourgeois gender order

    OpenAIRE

    Ruhne, Renate

    2015-01-01

    Using the example of the city of Frankfurt am Main the paper    examines the conflict relationship between increasing acceptance and persistent demands for stringent controls that characterizes the perception of prostitution in Germany today. Focusing on prevalent socio-spatial forms of control, that aim at excluding the field from « normal » everyday life, the first part will demonstrate how and why prostitution, though legalized and more and more accepted, remains   powerfully stigmatized t...

  8. "You Can't Hustle All Your Life": An Exploratory Investigation of the Exit Process among Street-Level Prostituted Women

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalla, Rochelle L.

    2006-01-01

    Between 1998 and 1999, 43 street-level prostituted women were interviewed regarding their developmental experiences, including prostitution entry, maintenance, and exit attempts. Three years later, 18 of the original 43 participants were located and interviewed. This exploratory follow-up investigation focused on the women's life experiences…

  9. STORIES OF PROSTITUTION: READINGS OF ENTERTAINMENT IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRAZIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Ferreira Vieira

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Censored by parents and conservative critics, stories about prostitutes have always been "forbidden" readings that, in addition to stimulating the book trade over the years, offered readers entertainment through the "euphoria and sensations" caused by the stuffed works with obscene plots and / or sexual insinuations. It is in this perception of reading, in nineteenth-century Brazil, who were the novels about the "women of life" like Lucíola (1862, the Brazilian writer José de Alencar (1829-1877,and Nana (1880, the French writer Émile Zola (1840-1902. Affiliated, respectively, with romantic and naturalistic esthetics, Lucíola and Nana fictionalize the live of two young prostitutes in a nineteenth-century patriarchal society. In order to understand how these novels were appropriated as "entertainment literature" by the reading public of the time, this article will investigate the trajectory of publication, circulation and reception of these works through the theoretical assumptions of the history of books and reading (CHARTIER, 1990 .

  10. [Sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS and prostitution: a case study in Guinea-Conakry].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mantoura, P; Fournier, P; Campeau, D

    2003-06-01

    In Africa, many public health interventions related to the fight against HIV/AIDS are aimed at women commercial sex workers. The practices of sexual labour and prostitution are not universal, and considering them within their specific cultural context is vital to understanding these women's needs and the prevention of HIV/AIDS. An exploratory qualitative study inspired by well-rooted theory was conducted with 14 women working within formally renowned prostitution sites in Guinea-Conakry. It aimed at identifying the context and general preoccupations of these women, within which are embedded sanitary concerns. The study showed that their sexual behaviours are mostly influenced by collective, relational and economic aspects which are in turn evaluated by the women within the framework of their continuous and changing life cycle.

  11. Prostitution Research in Context

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    chapters again actively engage with the ethical dilemmas that research on the topic of sex for sale can entail. The authors represent different disciplines, but share an interest in engaging in reflexive research practices informed by feminism and feminist epistemologies. An authoritative contribution......The starting point for this book is the question of how we research sex for sale and the implications of the choices we make in terms of epistemology and ethics. Which dilemmas and ethical aspects need to be taken into account when producing qualitative data within a highly politicised and moral......-infected realm? These two questions are exactly what Spanger and Skilbrei aim to unpack in this unusual interdisciplinary methodology book, Prostitution Research in Context. The book offers contributions from a number of scholars who, based on their reflections on their own research practice and the existing...

  12. When Graduate Degrees Prostitute the Educational Process: Degrees Gone Wild

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lumadue, Richard T.

    2006-01-01

    Graduate degrees prostitute the educational process when they are sold to consumers by unaccredited degree/diploma mills as being equivalent to legitimate, bona-fide degrees awarded by accredited graduate schools. This article carefully analyzes the serious problems of bogus degrees and their association with the religious higher education…

  13. Between Egyptian "national purity" and "local flexibility": prostitution in al-Mahalla al-Kubra in the first half of the 20th century.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hammad, Hanan

    2011-01-01

    This article traces prostitution in al-Mahalla in the first half of the 20th century as a regulated urban practice until the trade was outlawed in Egypt in 1949. Studying prostitution during this period of exceptionally rapid growth and transformation not only provides a window on a particular type of illicit sexuality and public morality in a colonial context, it also gives us a hint as to gender relations and inter-communal relations on the invisible marginalized part of a provincial local community, and how it was socially transformed. I argue that the regulation of prostitution in Egypt in 1882 and 1905 created a sphere for a power contest between the colonial state and the local community, between nationalist discourse and the local way of life, and between public morality and private space. While nationalist discourse constructed one virtuous nation, the local community accepted the licensed prostitution quarter, and resisted secret prostitution. The people of the town actively and continually shifted boundaries on what was public and what was private, what was the state's responsibility and what was communal liability.

  14. Stephanie Lynn Budin: The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press 2008. Stephanie Lynn Budin: The Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press 2008.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julian Herbert Köck

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Stephanie Lynn Budin liefert mit vorliegender Studie einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Debatte um die Existenz von Tempelprostitution im Altertum. Systematisch untersucht sie die Quellen zur Tempelprostitution und kann weitgehend überzeugend darlegen, dass die betreffenden Stellen nicht für die Existenz von Tempelprostitution im Altertum sprechen, sondern nur aufgrund von tendenziösen Interpretationen so verstanden wurden. Dabei greift die Studie die Ergebnisse anderer Wissenschaftler/-innen auf, bietet aber – besonders zu Herodot und Strabon – auch neue Erkenntnisse.Stephanie Lynn Budin’s study offers up an important contribution to the debate on the existence of temple prostitution during antiquity. She systematically examines the sources on temple prostitution and can demonstrate, fairly convincingly, that the passages in question do not prove the existence of temple prostitution during antiquity, but instead have been merely understood to do so based on tendentious interpretations. In so doing, the study takes up conclusions offered by other scholars, but it also provides – especially when it comes to Herodotus and Strabo – new insights.

  15. Intervention with women in the context of prostitution: pedagogical take from different voices

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    Montserrat PAYÁ SÁNCHEZ

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article tries to reflect the educational dimension of the work that social entities carry out with women in contexts of prostitution. For this purpose, we did a qualitative investigation across interviews, groups of discussion, participative observation and life histories, from three types of informants: specialists in the matter, professionals who work on the area directly with the women, and women in contexts of prostitution. The analysis of the information allows us to recognize the pedagogical content that underlies in the intervention that develops in this area. From this perspective, the results showed in this paper try to reveal the educational potential that practices and relationship that professionals establish with the women contain.

  16. Legalization of prostitution and decriminalization of related activities in Ukraine

    OpenAIRE

    Олександр Едуардович Радутний

    2016-01-01

    The paper discusses pros and cons of the legalization of prostitution and decriminalization of related activities, proves the necessity of resolving the issue from the perspective of human rights and interests of society, proposes changes to the current legislation of Ukraine and specific methods of information support of this process.

  17. Schiave, etere e prostitute nella Grecia antica. La vicenda emblematica di Laide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annalisa Paradiso

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The ancient sources on Lais are misleading: apparently they concern only one hetaira, but actually they must refer to two or even three “courtesans” of the same name. This naturally reduces the possibility of writing the biography of a single hetaira called Lais, but on the other hand allows us to trace a genre biography, true, in its main lines, for more than one “courtesan” of Antiquity. “Lais”, the second, for whom we dispose of more individualised historical details, was a hetaira of brilliant erotic and social success, but she was at the beginning of her life a prisoner of war, sold as a slave in Sicily and then moving to Corinth.Keywords: prigionieri di guerra, schiave, prostitute, etere; prisoners of war, slaves, prostitutes, courtesans.

  18. Measuring the Non-Observed Economy: A Survey-Based Study of Demand in the Korean Prostitution Market

    OpenAIRE

    KIM, WONSOON

    2013-01-01

    Illegal activities are by their nature difficult to measure, despite the potentially important role they play in the economy. Their inclusion in Korea’s GDP is necessary to reflect Korea’s national economy more precisely. In this paper, I use a variety of survey methods to provide an estimate of the incidence of prostitution. I estimate the demand for prostitution services in Korea by conducting stratified random sampling surveys of 671 Korean adult males. Because the survey topic was sensiti...

  19. Is Paid Surrogacy a Form of Reproductive Prostitution? A Kantian Perspective.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patrone, Tatiana

    2018-01-01

    This article reexamines the "prostitution objection" to paid surrogacy, and argues that rebuttals to this objection fail to focus on surrogates as embodied persons. This failure is based on the false distinction between "selling one's reproductive services" and "selling one's body." To ground the analysis of humans as embodied persons, this article uses Kant's late ethical theory, which develops the conceptual framework for understanding human beings as embodied selves. Literature on surrogacy commonly emphasizes that all Kantian duties heed to the categorical prohibition to treat persons as mere means. What this literature leaves out is that this imperative commands us more specifically to engage ourselves and others as embodied persons. This article aims to relate this point to a specific issue in assisted reproduction. It argues that a Kantian account of human beings as embodied persons prohibits paid surrogacy on exactly the same grounds as it prohibits prostitution.

  20. Legalization of prostitution and decriminalization of related activities in Ukraine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Олександр Едуардович Радутний

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The paper discusses pros and cons of the legalization of prostitution and decriminalization of related activities, proves the necessity of resolving the issue from the perspective of human rights and interests of society, proposes changes to the current legislation of Ukraine and specific methods of information support of this process.

  1. The Whore, the Hostess, and the Honey: Policing, Health, Business and the Regulation of Prostitution in China

    OpenAIRE

    Boittin, Margaret

    2015-01-01

    Despite being illegal, prostitution is rampant in China today. Millions of women work in the sex industry, responding to high demand from the male population. Sex workers and clients span all social classes, from poor migrants to college students and elite officials. The phenomenon is ubiquitous throughout rural and urban areas. In acknowledging the disconnect between the legal status of prostitution and its prevalence, thoughtful experts on China generally assume that the state turns a ...

  2. Girl, woman, lover, mother: towards a new understanding of child prostitution among young Devadasis in rural Karnataka, India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Orchard, Treena Rae

    2007-06-01

    The emotive issue of child prostitution is at the heart of international debates over 'trafficking' in women and girls, the "new slave trade", and how these phenomena are linked with globalization, sex tourism, and expanding transnational economies. However, young sex workers, particularly those in the 'third world', are often represented through tropes of victimization, poverty, and "backwards" cultural traditions, constructions that rarely capture the complexity of the girls' experiences and the role that prostitution plays in their lives. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with girls and young women who are part of the Devadasi (servant/slave of the God) system of sex work in India, this paper introduces an alternative example of child prostitution. Demonstrating the ways in which this practice is socially, economically, and culturally embedded in certain regions of rural south India underlies this new perspective. I argue that this embeddedness works to create, inform, and give meaning to these girls as they grow up in this particular context, not to isolate and produce totally different experiences of family, gender identity, and moral character as popular accounts of child prostitution contend. Data pertaining to socialization, 'positive' aspects of being a young sex worker in this context, political economy, HIV/AIDS, and changes in the Devadasi tradition are used to support my position. Taken together, this alternative example presents a more complex understanding of the micro- and macro-forces that impact child prostitution as well as the many factors that affect the girls' ideas of what they do and who they are as people, not just sex workers.

  3. Sex Trafficking, Violence Victimization, and Condom Non-Use Among Prostituted Women in Nicaragua

    Science.gov (United States)

    Decker, Michele R.; Mack, Katelyn P.; Barrows, Jeffery J.; Silverman, Jay G.

    2013-01-01

    Synopsis Prostituted women report disempowerment-related barriers to condom use, extensive violence victimization and trafficking experiences; findings indicate that disempowerment must be addressed within STI/HIV prevention efforts. PMID:19577234

  4. Child Prostitution: "Even If They Live, They Are Dying from Within."

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fouilloux, Monique

    1995-01-01

    In recent years, child prostitution has dramatically increased. Associations for the protection of children in many European and Asian countries are calling for an international campaign against child sexual exploitation. The program targets the practice of sexual tourism, and it has been successful so far. (SM)

  5. Working with Child Prostitutes in Thailand: Problems of Practice and Interpretation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montgomery, Heather

    2007-01-01

    Conducting anthropological fieldwork on the emotive issue of child prostitution raises difficult issues for anthropologists and other researchers. This article examines the ethical dilemmas of working with these extremely vulnerable children, focusing on the difference between the researcher's own interpretations and those given by the children…

  6. Swinburne reads Keats: Prostitution, pornography and the decadence of aesthetic critique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joshua David Gonsalves

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Keats and Swinburne loom large as purveyors of the “aesthetic” in its early and late nineteenth-century forms—that is, as a discourse of subject-formation through the exercise of tasteful distinction and as a self-referential discourse of art for art’s sake, respectively. In this essay, I analyse how Swinburne constructs a “Keats” that will allow him to master a “manliness in crisis” that affected both writers. If this “crisis” is historicized by the body as a social matter that Victorian legislators were policing in the forms of prostitution and pornography, it is, I argue, this materiality that Keats and Swinburne insist of enjoying rather than sublimating. The ultimate question I pose is this: can aesthetics become the critical discourse that recent revisionary readings have postulated if both a Romantic and a Decadent aesthetic insist on enjoying the body, materiality, gender instability and other topoi communicated by prostitution, pornography and poetry.

  7. Schiave, etere e prostitute nella Grecia antica. La vicenda emblematica di Laide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annalisa Paradiso

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available The ancient sources on Lais are misleading: apparently they concern only one hetaira, but actually they must refer to two or even three “courtesans” of the same name. This naturally reduces the possibility of writing the biography of a single hetaira called Lais, but on the other hand allows us to trace a genre biography, true, in its main lines, for more than one “courtesan” of Antiquity. “Lais”, the second, for whom we dispose of more individualised historical details, was a hetaira of brilliant erotic and social success, but she was at the beginning of her life a prisoner of war, sold as a slave in Sicily and then moving to Corinth.

    Keywords: prigionieri di guerra, schiave, prostitute, etere; prisoners of war, slaves, prostitutes, courtesans.

  8. Prostitutes and criminals: beginnings of eugenics in Croatia in the works of Fran Gundrum from Oriovac (1856-1919).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuhar, Martin; Fatović-Ferencić, Stella

    2012-04-01

    Fran Gundrum (1856-1919) was a Croatian physician, encyclopedist, and an advocate of medical enlightenment and healthy lifestyle. In order to identify and analyze Gundrum's ideas about the problems of prostitution and criminality, we studied all of his books, booklets, and articles published between 1905 and 1914. We showed that Gundrum's theories of heredity, morality, and sexual hygiene incorporated many of the important discussions of his time, especially those related to the Darwinian paradigm. Gundrum's project of collecting statistics on prostitutes was the first such study published on the territory of today's Croatia. Although he rejected the notions of born prostitutes and born criminals, defended by Italian criminal anthropologist Cesare Lombroso, he still regarded eugenics as a convenient method of dealing with the ills of society. He believed that criminals were degenerate individuals representing a violent threat to the society and that it was legitimate to use radical means, such as sterilization and deportation, to deal with this problem. Organicistic view of the society prevented him from seeing the individual rights as important as that of the society to protect itself. Nevertheless, this view led to many humanistic ideas, such as the binomial illness/poverty in case of prostitution, which influenced many prominent works of social medicine movement.

  9. Prostitución en Galicia: clientes e imaginarios femeninos Prostitution in Galicia: clients and feminine imaginary

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    Agueda Gómez Suárez

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Hoy, la prostitución en nuestra sociedad resulta un indicador de la "cultura sexual" dominante en las sociedades patriarcales y capitalistas. Este artículo pretende aportar otro enfoque al análisis de la industria sexual en nuestro país, ajustándose, principalmente, a las experiencias de los hombres implicados en el fenómeno de la prostitución en Galicia. El dramatismo con que las mujeres en prostitución viven su realidad y la frivolidad y ociosidad en la que se recrean los clientes, muestra el controvertido e inquietante semblante de esta realidad. El análisis del discurso de los clientes a través del "Frame Analysis", y el estudio de los imaginarios femeninos dominantes entre ellos son retratados en este texto, junto con el discurso de las mujeres en prostitución y el de los hombres que ocupan espacios masculinizados. Este artículo pretende ser una contribución más al complejo estudio del fenómeno de la prostitución en nuestro país.Today, the prostitution in our society turns out to be an indicator of the dominant "sexual culture" in the patriarchal and capitalist societies. This article tries to contribute with another approach to the analysis of the sexual industry in our country, adjusting, principally, to the experiences of the men involved in the phenomenon of the prostitution in Galicia. The dramatic quality in which the women in prostitution live their reality and the levity and idleness, in which the clients enjoy themselves, show the controversial and worrying face of this reality. The analysis of the clients' speech across the "Frame Analysis", and the study of the feminine dominant imaginary among them are portrayed in this text, together with the speech of the women in prostitution and of the men who occupy masculinized spaces. This article tries to be a contribution to the complex study of the phenomenon of the prostitution in our country.

  10. The Experience of Young Women Living in a Prostitution Area in Maintaining Their Reproductive Health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dovis, Vonyca; Setyowati; Kurniawati, Wiwit

    Young women face a difficult situation when they live in a prostitution area or red light district. A phenomenological approach was applied to explore the experiences in maintaining reproductive health of 10 young women living in the prostitution area in Lampung, one of the provinces in Sumatra. Thematic content analysis found 7 themes including: (1) The participants' perception of prostitution as a place of naughty women and free sexual activity that can transmit STDs and influence adolescent psychology; (2) The ways the participants kept their reproductive organs healthy were through maintaining friendships, maintaining personal hygiene, avoiding free sexual activity, eating healthy food, and having routine medical checkups; (3) Information support was gained from family, health workers, media, and teachers; (4) Emotional support from family and friends; (5) Barriers to maintaining good health were inaccessible health facilities and an underfunded health service; (6) The needs of the participants were reproductive health services and clean environment; (7) The participants hoped for health education and intensive health services with friendly nurses. The results of this research illustrate that there is a need for socializing intensive ways to maintain reproductive health, especially in a risky environment.

  11. Demographic and social factors influencing public opinion on prostitution: an exploratory study in Kwazulu-Natal province, South Africa

    OpenAIRE

    Pudifin, S; Bosch, S

    2012-01-01

    This paper examines countervailing South African public opinion on the subject of prostitution in South Africa, and identifies the factors which might influence these attitudes. It also investigates the complex relationship between public opinion and the law. Whilst engaging in prostitution constitutes a criminal offence under the Sexual Offences Act 23 of 1957, it is generally ignored by the police, which results in a quasi-legalised reality on the ground. In recent years there has been grow...

  12. Pouvoir et sexualité. Le discours féministe sur la prostitution en France (1968-1986.

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    Damien Simonin

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Cette recherche porte sur les discours sur la prostitution dans la presse féministe, entre 1968 et 1986 en France. Durant cette période, le mouvement féministe est composé de courants conflictuels (courants réformistes et révolutionnaires, différentialistes et universalistes et il porte des discours hétérogènes (informations sur la prostitution, analyses théoriques et politiques, témoignages de prostituées. Pourtant, ces discours s'accordent sur la revendication d'une libération des rapport...

  13. [Upbringing and Sexuality in Children from Marginal Prostitute Women Downtown in Bogotá].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amaya, Javier Guillermo Díaz; Acosta, Miguel Barrios; Rojas, Rafael Vásquez

    2012-09-01

    Child upbringing of women engaged in prostitution has been little explored. Child upbringing beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding sexuality in prostitutes' children and adolescents were explored downtown in Bogota. Analytical-interpretive research included in-depth interviews and a focus group. There were ten women between 28 and 56 years of age. Core issues were their subjectivity as mothers, sexual development challenges, upbringing social and cultural conditions. Structural, symbolic and economic violence are the main determinants of parenting. Sexual abuse and the possibility of pregnancy in their adolescent daughters are the most important concerns. In general, the participants share the same values and reproduce traditional ideals in gender and sexuality, which are transmitted and modeled from upbringing. Copyright © 2012 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  14. Love in the Time of Diaspora. Global Markets and Local Meanings in Prostitution, Marriage and Womanhood in Cuba

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    Ingrid Kummels

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Interrelations between the circulation of images concerning race and gender in the context of global hierarchies and new local forms and meanings of partnership and prostitution in Cuba have not been adequately understood until now. This is due to the image of a “sudden” revival of prostitution, after it had allegedly been eradicated in socialist Cuba. Exploring prostitution, marriage and womanhood in Havana from a historical perspective and examining jineterismo as part of the local ‘informal’ economy, this article demonstrates how these institutions were modified in a global context long before the 1990s. In the transcultural relations between foreigners and locals, models of womanhood, partnership and love were not merely ‘given’ by the social structure in the context of a globalized modernity. Instead they were to a large extent influenced by ideas concerning gender, race and morality, created and negotiated by agents as they interacted, Cuban women having resorted to these ideas and related institutions as arenas of empowerment.

  15. Cruzando fronteiras: prostituição e imigração Crossing borders: prostitution and immigration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Mayorga

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma reflexão acerca das tensões identitárias vivenciadas por mulheres brasileiras que migraram para a Espanha para exercer a prostituição a partir de uma crítica às perspectivas eurocêntricas e coloniais. Tais perspectivas, desde o surgimento dos estados nacionais, têm propiciado a invenção do outro, naturalizando relações desiguais de raça, etnia, gênero, nacionalidade. Apresentamos aqui como brasileiras, imigrantes e prostitutas, vivenciam as heterodesignações como outras, enfocando possíveis interpelações às hierarquias sociais a partir de sua condição de imigrantes na Europa e prostitutas. Para tanto, faremos uma análise da crise que os estados-nacionais europeus têm vivido e que tem como consequência o acirramento de práticas xenófobas e racistas. Apresentaremos também a análise de entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com prostitutas imigrantes brasileiras em Madri, Espanha.This work presents a reflection about the identity tensions experienced by Brazilian women who migrated to Spain to practice prostitution from a critical perspective on Eurocentric and colonial logics. Such prospects, since the emergence of national states, have brought the invention of other, naturalizing unequal relations of race, ethnicity, gender, nationality. We will see how Brazilian immigrants and prostitutes live heterodesignations as the other focusing on possible questions to social hierarchies from their status as immigrants and prostitutes in Europe. For this, we will review the crisis that the European national states have experienced and which as a consequence has been worsening xenophobic and racist practices. We also present the analysis of interviews conducted with Brazilian immigrant prostitutes in Madrid, Spain.

  16. THE RELIGIOUS GUIDANCE FOR PROSTITUTE A Descriptive Study at Palimanan Cirebon

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    Murip Yahya

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available This study attempts to investigate the implementation of religious guidance for prostitute and its influence to Woman Social Institution Silih Asih in Palimanan, Cirebon. It formulated on four research questions: 1 How is the process of religious guidance in Social Institution Silih Asih; 2 What is the participants’s efforts to achieve the goal of religious guidance; 3 How is the material of religious guidance in Social Institution Silih Asih Palimanan; 4 How is the approach and method of religious guidance applied in Social Institution Silih Asih Palimanan to support and achieve the aim of religious guidance. The study used qualitative-naturalistic, research design with descriptive method. The data were collected through observation, interview, and document analysis. The results of the study show that: 1 there were two stages of religious guidance: identification stage and rehabilitation process; 2 the participants were identified by their age, marital status, education background, parents’ job, and reasons of being prostitute; 3 the materials presented on theoretical and natural materials based on Islam thoughts; 4 the religious guidance used various approaches: experience, habituation, emotional, rational, and holistic.

  17. RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM AND DEMOCRACY ENCOUNTERED: A Case of Prostitution Bylaw of Bantul

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    Muhammad Latif Fauzi

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper addresses the bylaw on prostitution issued by the Bantul authority in May 2007. It specifically examines the relation between the involvement of religious symbolism, the call for public participation and political interests in the legislation process. The paper argues that, on the one hand, the law relates prostitution to issues of immorality, social illness, and the degradation of women due to economic discrimination or sexual exploitation. The subject of prostitution has been extended, covering not only sex workers and pimps, but everyone committing indecent acts, such as showing a ‘sexy’ performance. On the other hand, this regulation is considered to be ambiguous in determining the standard of public morality and, therefore, puts women in a marginalised position. That the implementation of this law contributes to institutionalising the criminalisation against women is another fact which is believed to diminish the meaning of democracy. The government is blamed as taking too much care with procedural democracy but giving less attention to education and employment opportunities.[Artikel merupakan hasil studi peraturan daerah tentang larangan pelacuran yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul pada Mei 2007. Studi ini menguji keterkaitan antara simbol-simbol keagamaan, partisipasi publik, dan kepentingan politik yang muncul dan menyertai proses legislasi. Penulis berpendapat bahwa pada satu sisi, dalam peraturan tersebut, pelacuran dikaitkan dengan perusakan terhadap nilai agama dan sosial serta penurunan martabat perempuan, terlepas akibat diskriminasi ekonomi atau eksploitasi seksual. Subjek pelacuran ternyata juga diperluas, tidak hanya pekerja seks dan mucikari, tetapi setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan cabul, seperti berpenampilan seksi. Pada sisi yang lain, ukuran moralitas publik dalam peraturan ini dianggap kurang jelas dan menempatkan perempuan pada posisi yang terpinggirkan. Bahwa penerapan peraturan

  18. Transactional relationships and sex with a woman in prostitution: prevalence and patterns in a representative sample of South African men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jewkes, Rachel; Morrell, Robert; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Dunkle, Kristin; Penn-Kekana, Loveday

    2012-05-02

    Sex motivated by economic exchange is a public health concern as a driver of the Sub-Saharan African HIV epidemic. We describe patterns of engagement in transactional sexual relationships and sex with women in prostitution of South African men, and suggest interpretations that advance our understanding of the phenomenon. Cross-sectional study with a randomly-selected sample of 1645 sexually active men aged 18-49 years who completed interviews in a household study and were asked whether they had had sex with a woman in prostitution, or had had a relationship or sex they took to be motivated by the expectation of material gain (transactional sex). 18% of men had ever had sex with a woman in prostitution, 66% at least one type of transactional sexual relationship, only 30% of men had done neither. Most men had had a transactional relationship/sex with a main partner (58% of all men), 42% with a concurrent partner (or makhwapheni) and 44% with a once off partner, and there was almost no difference in reports of what was provided to women of different partner types. The majority of men distinguished the two types of sexual relationships and even among men who had once-off transactional sex and gave cash (n = 314), few (34%) reported that they had had sex with a 'prostitute'. Transactional sex was more common among men aged 25-34 years, less educated men and low income earners rather than those with none or higher income. Having had sex with a woman in prostitution varied little between social and demographic categories, but was less common among the unwaged or very low earners. The notion of 'transactional sex' developed through research with women does not translate easily to men. Many perceive expectations that they fulfil a provider role, with quid pro quo entitlement to sex. Men distinguished these circumstances of sex from having sex with a woman in prostitution. Whilst there may be similarities, when viewed relationally, these are quite distinct practices

  19. American Indian Females and Stereotypes: Warriors, Leaders, Healers, Feminists; Not Drudges, Princesses, Prostitutes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lajimodiere, Denise K.

    2013-01-01

    This article is written by a Native female author. It delves into the historical stereotypes of Native females as drudges, princesses, and prostitutes perpetrated by media, movies, and literature. The author reviews research on the traditional and modern roles of Native females, including roles as warriors, leaders, and healers. Current literature…

  20. The challenges of fighting sex trafficking in the legalized prostitution market of the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Huisman, W.; Kleemans, E.R.

    2014-01-01

    In 2000, the Dutch authorities lifted the ban on brothels in the Netherlands. The essence of their approach was to regulate prostitution. People of legal age could now voluntarily sell and purchase sexual services. Brothels which complied with certain licensing conditions were legalized. This paper

  1. Gender Disparity in the Setting of Bail: Prostitution Offenses in Buffalo, NY 1977-1979.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bernat, Frances P.

    1984-01-01

    Analyzed court files for 809 defendants arrested for prostitution or patronizing to examine whether gender-based classifications exist in pretrial release decisions. Results generally showed women would not be released as quickly as men. Reforms instituted during the three-year study improved equality. (JAC)

  2. The influence of value judgments about the existence of free will in prostitution on shaping criminal justice response to human trafficking

    OpenAIRE

    Ristivojević, Branislav

    2015-01-01

    Starting from the unbreakable bond that exists between human trafficking and prostitution, the author explores in the paper the issue of the influence of value judgments about the existence of free will in prostitution on shaping criminal justice responses to human trafficking. Two possible answers to this question also create two models of criminal-political responses to human trafficking. The author criticizes the first one, which does not recognize the freedom of will, because besides the ...

  3. Surveiller et « embellir »: the Writings of Prostitutes and Sex Workers in the Light of Discursive (Enframing

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    Yagos Koliopanos

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The discourses of prostitutes are far less visible than the discourses on prostitutes. Based on this fact, we have in this article studied a corpus that is narrow albeit particularly heterogeneous and consisting entirely of books written by prostitutes and sex workers. While recognizing, along with Gail Pheterson and Paola Tabet, the obsolescence and arbitrariness of (the use of terms such as “prostitute” and “prostitution”, we have tried to show that those different written discourses are systematically (enframed. By describing the mechanisms of this (enframing process (mystification, expurgation, censorship, collaborative writing, editorial pretexts in different publishing contexts, we have claimed that it operates at the same time as enhancement and control of the concerned discourses. We have further weighed, from a gender point of view, the discursive  high-jacking and disqualification – on an ideological as well as esthetic level – undergone by the authors we have studied. The ongoing struggle of certain sex workers / authors to get rid of  (enframing procedures and their pressing need for discursive autonomy reveal the necessity to carry on this examination on a broader spectrum.

  4. Criminalistic characteristics and detection of crimes related to prostitution

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    Shuvalova D.N.

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Criminalistic characteristic of crimes related to prostitution is given (Articles 240, 241 of the RF Criminal Code. Sex industry is represented by three groups of subjects: organizers, perpetrators, services consumers. However, not all these individuals are criminally liable for their actions. Bringing a criminal case is preceded by detection of elements of crime, which is often carried out by a test purchase. Underworld evolution dictates the need for active use of other crime detection actions. The role of rapid and well-coordinated work of the inquiry body, its interaction with the preliminary investigation agency at the stage of detection of these crimes is emphasized. The attributes of these crimes are: advertisements on the recruitment of women to work in the service (leisure sector and personal vehicles drivers; advertisements on the services of an intimate nature; business cards and leaflets advertising the services of an intimate nature (directly or covertly; Internet advertisements offering the services of an intimate nature; groups of girls, constantly residing in baths and saunas, headed by young men or their presence at the same locations along the main streets or busy highways; information received on the law enforcement bodies hotlines; statements and complaints of the people against girls of easy virtue living in adjacent apartments. The issue of the moment of test purchase completion (transfer of money is considered. The problem of proving guilt in cases of reporting involvement in prostitution to the police is analyzed. Information verification is proposed to be implemented by experiment in crime detection.

  5. Over My Dead Body! Media Constructions of Forced Prostitution in the People's Republic of China

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    Elaine Jeffreys

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper examines some of the tensions surrounding the PRC’s official policy of banning prostitution by focusing on two highly publicized cases of deceptive recruiting for sexual services—the ‘Tang Shengli Incident’ and the ‘Liu Yanhua Incident’. Both cases involve young rural women who had migrated from their native homes to other more economically developed parts of China to look for work. Both were forced to sell sex and both resisted. However, whereas Tang Shengli jumped from a building rather than be forced into prostitution, Liu Yanhua escaped from conditions akin to sexual servitude by stabbing her ‘employer’. An examination of these cases highlights some of the problems associated with efforts by the Chinese women’s media to promote and protect women’s rights in a country marked by rapid, yet unequal, economic growth and an expanding, albeit banned, sex industry.

  6. “He wanted to have everything cleaned, the house and the saber”: from domestic service to the subjective construction of prostitution as a trade in Argentina

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    María de las Nieves Puglia

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper analyzes trajectories of initiation of paid domestic workers into the world of prostitution in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, through certain social meanings and uses of money. For this I will recover some scenes from the practice of dobleta as moments in which domestic services and sex services begin to intermingle, tensing preconceptions of prostitution as “easy life”, “easy money” and the idea of women as a “victim” of both a structural system of sexual exploitation and poverty. I will inquire the transmission of knowledge of sexual practices, place of work or territory and introduction of reliable customers by intermediate figures who act as initiators. Then, I will show the symbolic displacement of violence into the realm of marriage and the construction of the occupation of prostitution as a source not only of income but also of pride. Finally, I will conclude that the idea that women “fall” into prostitution as inevitable, undesirable and objectionable destination is problematic because its complexity includes social meanings made possible by the money obtained and the gender social order that it founds. The results were obtained from extensive fieldwork with ethnographic approach during the years 2011 to 2013, with affiliated to the Association of Women Prostitutes of Argentina. The techniques used were informal and spontaneous group interviews and participant observation, building a dialogue that takes this group of women as key interlocutors to produce knowledge.

  7. An analysis of the implementation of PEPFAR's anti-prostitution pledge and its implications for successful HIV prevention among organizations working with sex workers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ditmore, Melissa Hope; Allman, Dan

    2013-01-01

    Introduction Since 2003, US government funding to address the HIV and AIDS pandemic has been subject to an anti-prostitution clause. Simultaneously, the efficacy of some HIV prevention efforts for sex work in areas receiving US government funding has diminished. This article seeks to explain why. Methods This analysis utilizes a case story approach to build a narrative of defining features of organizations in receipt of funding from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and other US funding sources. For this analysis, multiple cases were compiled within a single narrative. This helps show restrictions imposed by the anti-prostitution clause, any lack of clarity of guidelines for implementation and ways some agencies, decision-making personnel, and staff on the ground contend with these restrictions. Results Responses to PEPFAR's anti-prostitution clause vary widely and have varied over time. Organizational responses have included ending services for sex workers, gradual phase-out of services, cessation of seeking US government HIV funds and increasing isolation of sex workers. Guidance issued in 2010 did not clarify what was permitted. Implementation and enforcement has been dependent in part on the interpretations of this policy by individuals, including US government representatives and organizational staff. Conclusions Different interpretations of the anti-prostitution clause have led to variations in programming, affecting the effectiveness of work with sex workers. The case story approach proved ideal for working with information like this that is highly sensitive and vulnerable to breach of anonymity because the method limits the potential to betray confidences and sources, and limits the potential to jeopardize funding and thereby jeopardize programming. This method enabled us to use specific examples without jeopardizing the organizations and individuals involved while demonstrating unintended consequences of PEPFAR's anti-prostitution

  8. Women convicted of promoting prostitution of a minor are different from women convicted of traditional sexual offenses: a brief research report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortoni, Franca; Sandler, Jeffrey C; Freeman, Naomi J

    2015-06-01

    Some jurisdictions have legally decreed that certain nonsexual offenses (e.g., promoting prostitution of a minor, arson, burglary) can be considered sexual offenses. Offenders convicted of these crimes can be subjected to sexual offender-specific social control policies such as registration, as well as be included in sexual offender research such as recidivism studies. No studies, however, have systematically examined differences and similarities between this new class of sexual offenders and more traditional sexual offenders. The current study used a sample of 94 women convicted of sexual offenses to investigate whether women convicted of promoting prostitution of a minor differed on demographic and criminogenic features from those convicted of more traditional sexual offenses. Results show that women convicted of promoting prostitution offenses have criminal histories more consistent with general criminality and exhibit more general antisocial features than women convicted of traditional sexual offenses. These results support the notion that the inclusion of legally defined sexual offenders with traditional ones obscures important differences in criminogenic features among these women. © The Author(s) 2014.

  9. Transactional relationships and sex with a woman in prostitution: prevalence and patterns in a representative sample of South African men

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    Background Sex motivated by economic exchange is a public health concern as a driver of the Sub-Saharan African HIV epidemic. We describe patterns of engagement in transactional sexual relationships and sex with women in prostitution of South African men, and suggest interpretations that advance our understanding of the phenomenon. Methods Cross-sectional study with a randomly-selected sample of 1645 sexually active men aged 18–49 years who completed interviews in a household study and were asked whether they had had sex with a woman in prostitution, or had had a relationship or sex they took to be motivated by the expectation of material gain (transactional sex). Results 18% of men had ever had sex with a woman in prostitution, 66% at least one type of transactional sexual relationship, only 30% of men had done neither. Most men had had a transactional relationship/sex with a main partner (58% of all men), 42% with a concurrent partner (or makhwapheni) and 44% with a once off partner, and there was almost no difference in reports of what was provided to women of different partner types. The majority of men distinguished the two types of sexual relationships and even among men who had once-off transactional sex and gave cash (n = 314), few (34%) reported that they had had sex with a ‘prostitute’. Transactional sex was more common among men aged 25–34 years, less educated men and low income earners rather than those with none or higher income. Having had sex with a woman in prostitution varied little between social and demographic categories, but was less common among the unwaged or very low earners. Conclusions The notion of ‘transactional sex’ developed through research with women does not translate easily to men. Many perceive expectations that they fulfil a provider role, with quid pro quo entitlement to sex. Men distinguished these circumstances of sex from having sex with a woman in prostitution. Whilst there may be similarities, when

  10. Factors Associated with Induced Abortion in Women Prostitutes in Asturias (Spain)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsakiridu, Domingo Ojer; Franco Vidal, Amalia; Vázquez Valdés, Fernando; Junquera Llaneza, Maria Luisa; Varela Uría, Jose Antonio; Cuesta Rodríguez, Mar; López Sanchez, Carmen; Busto Folgosa, Margarita; Fernández Ollero, Maria Jesús

    2008-01-01

    Background The aim is to investigate the factors that might be associated with the presence of induced abortion (IA) in women prostitutes in Asturias (Spain). Methodology/Principal Findings Cross-sectional descriptive study by self-completion questionnaire of 212 women prostitutes who attended the three Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in Asturias, between January–December 2003. The questionnaire was designed to investigate the women's perceived knowledge (what they claimed to know), their real knowledge (what they really knew), the use of contraceptive methods and socio-demographic variables. Multivariate analysis was carried out. 92% of the participants were immigrants. 76% were practising at brothel. 37.6% (95%CI:30.7–44.4%) reported to have undergone at least one IA during their life. According to the logistic regression the “presence of IA” was directly associated with the variables “number of pregnancies”(OR:65.82;95%IC:7.73–560.14) and “years of practising prostitution”(OR:1.13;95%CI:0.99–1.29); and inversely associated with “children”(0 = no children;1 = one or more children; OR:0.005;95%CI:0.000–0.057), “women's age”(OR:0.89;95%CI:0.82–0.97) and “real contraceptive knowledge”(OR:0.50; 95%CI:0.34–0.75). Married women were more likely to have undergone an IA (OR:2.74;95%IC:1.05–7.13). No association with “perceived contraceptive knowledge” was found. Conclusions/Significance The characteristics more closely linked to the reproductive history of the women (such as “pregnancies”, “children”), together with the “real contraceptive knowledge” and the “time practising prostitution” explain the presence of IA better than factors more closely linked to the conditions in which the women practise prostitution (“place of activity”, “other activities compatible with prostitution”, “use of safe method in commercial relation”). It is possible that IA is being used as a birth control

  11. Rescuing the Soiled Dove: Pop Culture's Influence on a Historical Narrative of Prostitution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voelkel, Micki; Henehan, Shelli

    2018-01-01

    American popular culture romanticises relationships between sex workers and their customers; novels, films and television depict prostitutes as innocents in need of rescue by a wealthy or powerful man. Miss Laura's Social Club, a restored Victorian brothel in Fort Smith, Arkansas, USA, functions both as an informal house museum and the visitor…

  12. Histoires de trottoirs. Prostitution, espace public et identités populaires à la Goutte-d'Or, 1870-1914. 

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    Alexandre Frondizi

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available « L’histoire du travail féminin est comme doublée de noir par l’histoire de la prostitution ». Par ces propos, Evelyne Sullerot suggérait déjà en 1968 que l’histoire du genre et a fortiori l’histoire des femmes gagneraient à emprunter la voie sombre des prostituées. Or, en France, tel que le notaient en 2003 Christine Bard et Christelle Taraud, la prostitution « n’apparaît pas comme un thème important de l’histoire des femmes ». Comme si l’histoire des péripatéticiennes avait longtemps été ta...

  13. (Un)Told Stories of Post-War Prostitution: Challenging Hegemonic Narratives on Human Trafficking and Peacekeeping in Kosovo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Wildt, R.

    2018-01-01

    Sex industries worldwide tend to flourish during United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions. The hegemonic discourse claims that women engaged in prostitution in the context of peacekeeping missions are singular victims of trafficking who meet the demand of peacekeepers. The suggestion that UN

  14. Prostituição infantil: uma questão de saúde pública Child prostitution: a public health issue

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    Romeu Gomes

    1994-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a prostituição infantil, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, com vistas a subsidiar a abordagem desta problemática no campo da Saúde Pública. Inicialmente, as categorias saúde, prostituição e violência são discutidas. tradicionalmente, a prostituição em geral tem sido contemplada pelo saber médico, principalmente dentro de uma ótica higienista. Entretanto, a questão aqui colocada é de natureza distinta daquela presente nesse tradicional saber. Após essa discussão, são apontados aspectos sobre a dinâmica da cruel realidade brasileira, que revela o fato de crianças e adolescentes se prostituírem para sobreviver. Neste quadro, a prostituição infantil e a miséria entrecruzam-se, sem que a primeira se reduza à segunda. Ao longo da análise, procura-se estabelecer uma articulação entre diferentes obras sobre o assunto, no sentido de se contribuir para um avanço no campo do conhecimento relacionado à temática em questão. Finalmente, constata-se que, para se enfrentar o problema, faz-se necessário situá-lo dentro do contexto familiar e articulá-lo a questões macrossociais.This article analyzes child prostitution based on a review of the literature, in order to support an approach to this problem by the field of Public Health. First, health, prostitution, and violence are discussed as categories. Prostitution has traditionally been analyzed from a medical perspective, mostly within a hygienist point of view. However, the issue is dealt with here from a different perspective. After this discussion, several aspects about the cruelty of Brazilian reality are reveled showing that prostitution among children and teenagers is a way of survival. From this angle, poverty and child prostitution are closely related, although the study concludes that the latter is not solely a consequence of the former. Over the course of the review, a number of publications on the current issue are

  15. Species Distribution and Susceptibility to Azoles of Vaginal Yeasts Isolated Prostitutes

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    Norma T. Gross

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective. We investigated the use of miconazole among female prostitutes in Costa Rica as well as the distribution of vaginal yeasts and the susceptibility pattern to azoles of strains obtained from this population. Our intention was to relate a frequent use of miconazole to occurrence of vaginal yeasts resistant to azoles. Methods. Vaginal samples were taken from 277 patients that have previously used azoles. Vaginal swabs were obtained for direct microscopy and culture. Yeast isolates were identified by germ tube test and assimilation pattern. Susceptibility testing was determined using a tablet diffusion method. Results. The number of clinical Candida isolates (one from each patient was 57 (20.6%. C. albicans was the predominant species (70%, followed by C. parapsilosis (12%, C. tropicalis (5.3%, C. glabrata and C. famata (3.5% each, C. krusei, C. inconspicua and C. guilliermondii (1.7% each. The majority of vaginal Candida isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole (91%, fluconazole (96.5%, and itraconazole (98%. A lower susceptibility of some isolates to miconazole (63% was observed as compared to the other azoles tested. Moreover, the strains, nonsusceptible to miconazole, were more often obtained from patients that have used this antifungal at least four times within the last year before taking the samples as compared to those with three or less treatments (P<.01. Conclusion. An indiscriminate use of miconazole, such as that observed among female prostitutes in Costa Rica, results in a reduced susceptibility of vaginal yeasts to miconazole but not to other azoles.

  16. Gender and the Politics of Female Infanticide and Prostitution Regulation

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    Margaret Kuo

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Michelle T. King. Between Birth and Death: Female Infanticide in Nineteenth-Century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014. 264 pp. $50.00 (cloth/e-book. Elizabeth J. Remick. Regulating Prostitution in China: Gender and Local Statebuilding, 1900–1937. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014. 288 pp. $45.00 (cloth/e-book. The two works under review are both compelling historical studies that use gender as a category of analysis to make important contributions to our understanding of the construction of the modern Chinese state, the periodization of modern Chinese history, and the political and cultural significance of controlling the female body. While both books engage with gender as broadly construed, they adopt different approaches. Michelle King’s analysis focuses on discursive representations that took place, for the most part, outside the context of the state—what Confucian elites, foreign experts and missionaries, and Chinese nationalists wrote about female infanticide over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This discursive approach has been used before but rarely to such insightful effect. King’s research deepens our understanding of gender and imperialism in the nineteenth century by illustrating how imperialist notions of China as a backward and heathen place were constructed in part on dubious claims that identified female infanticide as an emblematically Chinese cultural practice. Elizabeth Remick’s gender analysis, in contrast, centers on the state institutions that were developed in the early 1900s to regulate prostitution, including tax policies, licensing fees, zoning regulations, medical examinations, and police supervision. Her study of the newly erected local and provincial government regulatory regimes is a pathbreaking demonstration of how the regulation of gender roles was at the heart of state-building efforts in early twentieth-century China...

  17. The overall situation of female street children (11-18 years) engaged in commercial sex work in Dire Dawa - Ethiopia : survey in case study with special reference to child prostitution

    OpenAIRE

    Mekuria, Melkem Lengereh

    2004-01-01

    THE OVERALL SITUATION OF FEMALE STREET CHILDREN (11 18 YEARS) ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL SEX WORK IN DIRE DAWA - ETHIOPIA (SURVEY IN CASE STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHILD PROSTITUTION) By MELKAM LENGEREH MEKURIA 2004 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION ABSTRACT Prostitution in gene...

  18. Paying for Sex; The Many Obstacles in the Way of Men with Learning Disabilities Using Prostitutes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Chris

    2013-01-01

    We live in an increasingly sexualised society, and the buying and selling of sex is a feature of this society. The laws about prostitution are complex, but the act of selling or buying sex is in itself not illegal. The author has extensive clinical experience of hearing the stories of men with learning disabilities who do use commercial sex…

  19. HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among female prostitutes in Kinshasa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nzila, N; Laga, M; Thiam, M A; Mayimona, K; Edidi, B; Van Dyck, E; Behets, F; Hassig, S; Nelson, A; Mokwa, K

    1991-06-01

    In 1988, 1233 prostitutes from different geographic areas of Kinshasa participated in a cross-sectional survey on HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Despite relatively good knowledge about AIDS and STDs, the reported preventive behaviour was poor. Only 12% of the women reported regular use of condoms, while greater than 50% of the women reported regular use of antibiotics and 38% reported doing nothing specific to prevent STDs. Thirty-five per cent of the women were HIV-positive compared with 27% in a similar survey in Kinshasa in 1986. The prevalence of other STDs was very high, ranging from 5% for genital ulcer disease (GUD) to 23% for gonococcal infection. HIV-positive women were older than HIV-negative women (26.9 versus 25.4 years; P less than 0.001), had a significantly lower level of reported condom use (9 versus 14%, P = 0.009), and reported more frequent use of antibiotics to prevent STDs (55 versus 42%, P = less than 0.001). The prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis was not higher in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. However, HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of GUD (9 versus 3%, P less than 0.001), antibodies against Haemophilus ducreyi (82 versus 57%, P less than 0.001), antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 (96 versus 76%, P less than 0.001), condylomata accuminata (5 versus 1%, P = 0.003) and cytologic evidence of human papilloma virus on Papaniclaou cervical smear (11 versus 5%, P = 0.006). This study confirms the high incidence of HIV and other STDs among prostitutes in Africa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  20. The networks of prostitution in the Spain of the 19th century. The city of Cartagena in the beginnings of the Restoration

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    Pedro María EGEA BRUNO

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available The regulation of the «old trade» was assumed during the 19th century by the local and provincial authorities. The surveillance on that group spread with particular emphasis during the period of the Restoration. Medical and police control, had become a way to discipline women and to control dangerous classes. The figure of the prostitute was, then, supported by the established power. Cartagena —military port and working nucleus— emerges as a pioneering model in such an intervention, when the profession was regulated in 1874 and it was established the register of prostitutes. The source gives us a whole series of considerations: the development in the family area, structure of the brothels, urban geography of the activity and the Spanish prostitution network connections. Other variables of interest are: marital status and age, while the previous occupation indicates us the majority presence of the popular classes. Anthometric parameters are also included from height to the eyes colour, appearing scars, which indicate violence of genre. The last point includes personal problems, which allows understanding their decisions and their experiences in life. Selling their bodies was the only possible option for many of them to face up misery. Genre and classes agreed in that exploitation.  

  1. Ordinary or peculiar men? Comparing the customers of prostitutes with a nationally representative sample of men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Monto, Martin A; Milrod, Christine

    2014-07-01

    Recent media attention implies that prostitution seeking is widespread, an "ordinary" aspect of masculine sexual behavior. Other accounts suggest that customers are "peculiar," characterized by distinct qualities, perversions, or psychological impairments. Using the nationally representative General Social Survey (GSS), this study demonstrates that prostitution seeking is relatively uncommon. Only about 14% of men in the United States report having ever paid for sex, and only 1% report having done so during the previous year. Furthermore, this study dissects whether customers are ordinary or peculiar by comparing a new sample of active customers who solicit sex on the Internet with an older sample of arrested customers, a sample of customers from the GSS, and a nationally representative sample of noncustomers. The customers of Internet sexual service providers differed greatly from men in general and also from other customers. The remaining samples of customers differed slightly from noncustomers in general. We argue for a balanced perspective that recognizes the significant variety among customers. There is no evidence of a peculiar quality that differentiates customers in general from men who have not paid for sex. © The Author(s) 2013.

  2. Prostitution and (illegal migration as possible hidden forms of trafficking in human beings: The analyses of the practice of the Magistrate Court in Belgrade

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    Anđelković Marija

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper the author analyses all the cases from the 2002 practice of Magistrate Court in Belgrade, which relate to prostitution and illegal migration. The main aim of this paper is to show who are the women and men who are accused and punished for prostitution and illegal migration, as well as to argue that the part of them are in fact victims of trafficking in human beings. In conclusion, the author suggests the necessity for training of magistrate judges in order to be able to recognize victims of trafficking and, consequently, to be able to treat them as victims rather than as offenders.

  3. The Role of Youth Problem Behaviors in the Path from Child Abuse and Neglect to Prostitution: A Prospective Examination

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilson, Helen W.; Widom, Cathy Spatz

    2010-01-01

    Behaviors beginning in childhood or adolescence may mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and involvement in prostitution. This paper examines 5 potential mediators: early sexual initiation, running away, juvenile crime, school problems, and early drug use. Using a prospective cohort design, abused and neglected children (ages…

  4. “Dangerous women”: Discursive practices of the Chilean State in relation to prostitution, sex trade and sex work

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    Jacqueline Espinoza-Ibacache

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The article investigates the discursive practices of the Chilean State in relation to women who practice prostitution, sex trade or sex work. We perform an analysis based on the studies made on discourse about the issue, from pragmatic and realizative perspectives of the language. From the 18 regulations and laws we identify acts of speech, such as implicatures or indirect reference and interdiscourses. In the results we present three categories as we call them: definitions, prescriptions and transformations. The definitions are used to describe an activity and the intervention agents. Prescriptions materialize the discourse through obligations and instructions dictated to impose social control. And the transformations, which is related to the first and the second, creates a new situation regarding the activity through the updating of mechanisms and the definition of new subjects. We conclude that the rules produce discursive practices for the social control of the bodies of prostitutes and sex workers, placing them in the line of abnormality, in this way they define a behavioral guide for the rest of women. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.

  5. Consecuencias del uso de cocaína en las personas que ejercen la prostitución Consequences of cocaine use among prostitutes

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    Carmen Meneses Falcón

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las circunstancias y las consecuencias del consumo de cocaína en el entorno del ejercicio de la prostitución. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo sobre una muestra de 60 personas, de 18-50 años de edad, que ejercen la prostitución en la calle, apartamentos y clubs de 6 ciudades españolas, mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: El alcohol y la cocaína son las principales sustancias de consumo en este contexto. Se trata de consumos ocasionales e instrumentales que permiten a las personas que ejercen la prostitución sobrellevar la actividad que realizan, resistir muchas horas la prestación de prácticas sexuales con diferentes clientes, obtener mayores beneficios económicos y eludir los servicios sexuales. Las consecuencias del consumo por parte de estas personas pueden llevar a la desprotección en las prácticas sexuales y a ser víctimas de agresión o violencia por parte del cliente. Las personas prostituidas desarrollan estrategias de disminución del consumo: reducción de las dosis de consumo, simulación del uso de drogas o selección de los clientes consumidores. Conclusiones: El estudio destaca que los consumos de drogas se encuentran asociados al contexto de realización de los servicios sexuales. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de éstos pueden implicar riesgos para la salud por la desprotección de las prácticas sexuales que demanda el cliente.Objective: To describe the circumstances and consequences of cocaine use in the setting of prostitution. Material and method: We performed a qualitative study with fieldwork in 6 Spanish cities. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to 60 persons aged between 18 and 50 years old involved in prostitution in different settings: street, flat and brothel. Results: The main substances used in prostitution were alcohol and cocaine. Consumption was occasional and instrumental and helped to reduce psychological barriers or inhibition and increase

  6. Behind the Footsteps of the Swedish Model?: The New Regulation of the Crime of Promotion and/or Facilitation of Adults Prostitution in Argentina

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    Hernán D. Grbavac

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper show the implications of the Act n.° 26.842 in the configuration of the crime of promotion and/or facilitation of adult’s prostitution (article 125 bis Argentine Penal Code. Particularly the amendments introduced by this Act are going to be investigated as well as the possibility that the new legal regulation has taken in a surreptitious manner, the so-called “Swedish model”, which means that the legal system, while still recognized as not offensive the exercise of the voluntary prostitution of adults, punishes the customer or claimant of surch services. On that line, this paper analyses the constitutionality or the unconstitutionality of the usefulness or the uselesness, of the current system in Sweden.

  7. La Prostitución desde la Perspectiva de la Demanda: Amarres Enunciativos para su Conceptualización (Prostitution from the Perspective of Demand: Declarative Moorings for Conceptualization

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    Esther Torrado Martín-Palomino

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This article analyzes the phenomenon of prostitution from the perspective of one of its multiple stakeholders and today is the most invisible and polo national system: the client-user. For this, a theoretical review game where the phenomenon of prostitution in general terms is conceptualized, analyzing the legal framework of Western Europe from the comparative analysis of the different regulatory models that attempt to regulate prostitution, finally has, and from the gender perspective, make an approach to user prostitution, exposing the need to insist on his figure, his motivations and opinions to the phenomenon. Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la prostitución desde la perspectiva de uno de sus múltiples actores y que en la actualidad constituye el polo más invisibilizado y naturalizado del sistema: el cliente-usuario. Para ello, se ha partido de una revisión teórica donde se conceptualiza el fenómeno de la prostitución de un modo general, analizando el marco jurídico de parte de Europa Occidental desde el análisis comparativo de los diferentes modelos normativos que intentan regular la prostitución, para finalmente, y desde la perspectiva de género, realizar un acercamiento al usuario de prostitución, exponiendo la  necesidad de insistir en la su figura,  sus motivaciones y su opinión ante el fenómeno.  DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2707090

  8. Relevant Etiological Factors Involved in Human Trafficking in order to Practice Prostitution

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    Alexandru Boroi

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Human trafficking (especially women and young girls, though men count equally among the victims are recently developed worldwide. The situation in certain regions of Central and Eastern Europe (with the opening of borders, increasing unemployment and poverty, dislocations and reducing state control structures tend to favour the development of all forms of trafficking, especially of human trafficking forsexual exploitation. To adopt appropriate measures to prevent and combat we have to know first the causes and conditions that generate human beings trafficking. Analysis of case studies and police statistics allowed the structuring of categories of causes and conditions that generate and sustain the phenomenon of traffickingin order to practice prostitution.

  9. Discontinuous paradoxical territory, LGBT movement, prostitution and pimping in southern Brazil

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    Marcio Jose Ornat

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper discusses about the relation between discontinuous paradoxical territory, LGBT movement, prostitution and pimping in Southern Brazil. Such proposition relates to the content analysis of 22 interviews with travestis which acted in sexual services and with 7 more interviews with people acting in NGOs concerned with the travestis group. We verified that this knowledge flow is made through the participation of various social actors and it is constituted with the relations established between travestis, NGOs and owners of ‘boarding houses for travestis’, from paradoxes and complementarities between legal and illegal activities. The multiple scale of the phenomenon highlights how these relations have a mobile and indeterminate position, thus surpassing the notion that conceives categories as something fixed and it shows how complex the relations among subjects and space are.

  10. From The Sea Wall to The Lover : Prostitution and Exotic Parody

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    Pascale Bécel

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available This analysis of the two novels highlights Marguerite Duras' equivocal stance with regard to colonial Indochina where she grew up at the beginning of the century. As The Lover rewrites The Sea Wall in the autobiographical mode, the emphasis shifts from an explicit denunciation of colonialism and an implicit subversion of the Lotilian novel, to a parody of exotic themes and narratives. However, by focusing on the two young protagonists' construction of themselves as femmes fatales and prostitutes, this discussion reveals that the politics of gender and race remain at odds in Duras' fictional autobiographies. The cultural other (qua a passive indigenous population in The Sea Wall , qua eroticized oriental[ized] bodies in The Lover remains a measure of the protagonist's construction as a female subject; a measure, in Chandra Mohanty's words, of the "liberated" western woman's "discursive self-presentation."

  11. The information needs of female Police Officers involved in undercover prostitution work

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    Lynda M. Baker

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to examine the information behavior of female police officers involved in undercover prostitution work. Seven Vice Officers were interviewed during the summer of 2003 and two were observed during one decoy operation. The model, Information Seeking of Professionals, provided the framework for understanding their needs within the context of their role as decoys. The results revealed that the officers need a variety of information and start seeking it before they transfer to the Vice Unit. Their work demands the use several methods of informal communication, including signals and dress code. Information sources include the men who solicit their services, the female sex workers with whom they share space, members of the community, and their fellow officers who are responsible for protecting their lives.

  12. Usage of the Terms Prostitution, Sex Work, Transactional Sex, and Survival Sex: Their Utility in HIV Prevention Research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McMillan, Karen; Worth, Heather; Rawstorne, Patrick

    2018-07-01

    This article considers the terms prostitution, sex work, transactional sex, and survival sex, the logic of their deployment and utility to research concerned with people who are paid for sex, and HIV. The various names for paid sex in HIV research are invested in strategically differentiated positionings of people who receive payment and emphasize varying degrees of choice. The terminologies that seek to distinguish a range of economically motivated paid sex practices from sex work are characterized by an emphasis on the local and the particular, efforts to evade the stigma attached to the labels sex worker and prostitute, and an analytic prioritizing of culture. This works to bestow cultural legitimacy on some locally specific forms of paid sex and positions those practices as artifacts of culture rather than economy. This article contends that, in HIV research in particular, it is necessary to be cognizant of ways the deployment of alternative paid sex categories relocates and reinscribes stigma elsewhere. While local identity categories may be appropriate for program implementation, a global category is necessary for planning and funding purposes and offers a purview beyond that of isolated local phenomena. We argue that "sex work" is the most useful global term for use in research into economically motivated paid sex and HIV, primarily because it positions paid sex as a matter of labor, not culture or morality.

  13. Prevalencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en prostitutas registradas de la ciudad de Durango, México Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in registered prostitutes of Durango City, Mexico

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    Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en prostitutas registradas de la ciudad de Durango, Durango y establecer si existe alguna correlación entre los datos epidemiológicos y la infección. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Fueron estudiadas 247 prostitutas y se obtuvieron muestras endocervicales y datos epidemiológicos. La prueba Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories, EUA fue usada para detectar el antígeno de C. trachomatis. RESULTADOS: Fueron positivas para C. trachomatis 41 prostitutas (16.6%, y 37 de ellas habían tenido actividad sexual en diferentes estados de la República mexicana, en comparación con las 206 mujeres negativas, entre las que sólo 109 habían tenido relaciones sexuales fuera de Durango (pOBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among registered prostitutes of Durango City and to establish whether there is a correlation between epidemiological factors and infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two-hundred-and-forty-seven registered prostitutes of Durango city were studied. Endocervical samples and epidemiological data were obtained. C. trachomatis antigen was detected with the Chlamydiazyme test (Abbott Laboratories, USA. RESULTS: Forty-one (16.6% out of 247 prostitutes were positive to C. trachomatis. Thirty-seven out of the 41 positive women had had sexual activity on several States of Mexico (95.1%, as compared to only 109 out of 206 negative women (53.0% (p<.0001. Prostitutes positive to C. trachomatis (39/41, 95.1% were more likely to belong to low socioeconomic level than negatives (171/206, 83% (p=0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 16.6%. C. trachomatis infection was associated with sexual activity in multiple States of Mexico, and had a tendency to be associated with low socioeconomic level.

  14. Factors that influence police conceptualizations of girls involved in prostitution in six U.S. cities: child sexual exploitation victims or delinquents?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Halter, Stephanie

    2010-05-01

    This study examined how the police conceptualize juveniles involved in prostitution as victims of child sexual exploitation (CSE) or delinquents. Case files from six police agencies in major U.S. cities of 126 youth allegedly involved in prostitution, who were almost entirely girls, provided the data for this inquiry. This study found that 60% of youth in this sample were conceptualized as victims by the police and 40% as offenders. Logistic regression predicted the youths' culpability status as victims. The full model predicted 91% of youth's culpability status correctly and explained 67% of the variance in the youths' culpability status. The police considered youth with greater levels of cooperation, greater presence of identified exploiters, no prior record, and that came to their attention through a report more often as victims. In addition, the police may consider local youth more often as victims. It appears that the police use criminal charges as a paternalistic protective response to detain some of the youth treated as offenders, even though they considered these youth victims. Legislatively mandating this form of CSE as child abuse or adopting a ''secure care'' approach is needed to ensure these youth receive the necessary treatment and services.

  15. Na noite nem todos os gatos são pardos: notas sobre a prostituição travesti At night, not all cats are gray: notes on transvestite prostitution

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    Larissa Pelúcio

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Esse artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a prostituição travesti, procurando evidenciar a importância dos territórios de prostituição como locais fundamentais para a construção do "ser travesti". Através das diferentes categorias êmicas que classificam as travestis, sobretudo, no comércio sexual, é possível perceber a relação das travestis com os clientes. A violência das ruas, o uso de drogas, o sonho e a realidade da prostituição na Itália, temas abordados nessa análise, são atravessados pelos afetos, disputas, demarcações territoriais e o sentido das relações afetivas e comerciais.In this article transvestite's prostitution is discussed trying to evidence the importance of the prostitution territories as fundamental places for the construction of the "transvestite self". The article also discusses different emic categories that classify the transvestites, especially in the sexual trade, bringing to the discussion the relationship of transvestites with their clientele. The violence of the streets, the use of drugs, the dream and the reality of prostitution in Italy also have room in this work crossed by the affections, disputes, territorial demarcations and the sense of the affective and commercial relationships that involve the transvestite universe.

  16. State's moral crusade against bedroom: Misdemeanour of prostitution in new Public Order and Peace Act

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    Ristivojević Branislav R.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the author investigates the new Public Order and Peace Act (Ser. ZoJRM and the provisions on so-called morale offences contained therein. Of these provisions, the one he recognizes as the most revolutionary is that of a new instance of perpetration under the old offence of prostitution. With this novelty, the Act extends liability for the offence not only to the prostitute, but also to the user of her services. The author first puts forward a general criticism to the criminal and misdemeanour laws when these attempt to turn morality into the object of protection, which already has a general place in science. Then he investigates what perception of morality is protected by this offence, concluding that it crosses over into the sphere in which the freedom of citizens must in no way be interfered with - the sphere of voluntary sexual intercourse of two persons. For this reason, the author, in somewhat humorous fashion, warns, through the paper's title, that the state will have to undertake a moral crusade against bedroom if it wants to consistently enforce these provisions. Moreover, the author sheds light on the origin of this moral stance, finding its roots in the societies with dominant protestant religious ethics as the moral foundation, as well as on its genesis, seeing it in the rise in sexual morality standards that occurred in the developing industrial societies in the second half of the nineteenth century. The author concludes that to our society and our natural moral stance such foreign moral implants are unnecessary, particularly if one considers that it is precisely in the country of their origin, the US, that they have long been rejected and marked as symbols of repression and non-liberty.

  17. Sexo para quase todos: a prostituição feminina na Vila Mimosa Sex for almost all: female prostitution in Vila Mimosa

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    Elisiane Pasini

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem como base de análise uma pesquisa etnográfica localizada numa antiga zona de prostituição feminina fechada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - a Vila Mimosa. Aqui apresento a problemática de que espaços criados em função do consumo de sexo local também estão sendo voltados para o encontro entre trabalhadoras/es do sexo locais e estrangeiros. A discussão centra-se em como este macro espaço de prostituição feminina transforma-se num palco de conflito quando se torna um mercado sexual também utilizado pelos estrangeiros.This article is based on ethnographic research conducted in an old zone of closed female prostitution in Rio de Janeiro - Vila Mimosa. I argue that the spaces created for the consumption of local sex are being used also for encounters between local sex laborers and foreigners. The discussion rises the question that this macrospace of female prostitution is becoming a stage for conflict when it becomes also a sex market used by foreigners.

  18. Är prostitution en kränkning av mänskliga rättigheter? : Eller finns "den lyckliga horan"?

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    Nilsson, Ulrika

    2014-01-01

    Att människohandel för sexuell exploatering utgör ett brott mot mänskliga rättigheter står klart. Människohandel kränker flertalet av individens rättigheter och staters skyldigheter gentemot dessa individer finns således stadgade i flertalet internationella konventioner. Palermoprotokollet stadgar den första internationellt gemensamma definitionen av människohandel och stadgar vidare ett krav på att definitionen utgör ett brott i konventionsstaternas nationella lagstiftning. Om prostitution a...

  19. Prostitution use has non sexual functions - case report of a depressed psychiatric out-patient [v2; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/16c

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    Fátima Gysin

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Case: A shy, depressed 30 year old male discussed his frequent ego-syntonic indoor prostitution consumption in small peer groups. Several distinctive non-sexual functions of this paid sex habit were identified. Design and method: The patient had 40 hourly psychiatric sessions in the private practice setting over 14 months. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was applied to compare the subjective appraisal of both paid sex and sex in a relationship. The informal Social Atom elucidates social preferences and the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic-procedure was applied to describe a dominant relationship pattern. Results: The paid sex consumption functioned as a proud male life style choice to reinforce the patients fragile identity. The effect on self esteem was a release similar to his favorite past-time of kick-boxing. With paid sex asserted as a group ritual, it was practiced even with frequent erectile dysfunction and when sex with a stable romantic partner was more enjoyable and satisfying. The therapeutic attitude of the female psychiatrist, with her own ethical values, is put in to context with two opposing theories about prostitution: the ‘Sex-Work-model’ and the ‘Oppression-model’. The therapist’s reaction to the patients’ information was seen as a starting point to understanding the intrapsychic function of paid sex as a coping mechanism against depressive feelings. Conclusions: Exploring and understanding prostitution consumption patterns in young men can benefit the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the private practice setting. It is the psychiatrists task to investigate the patients hidden motives behind paid sex use to help patients achieve a greater inner and relational freedom.

  20. Rape myth acceptance in men who completed the prostitution offender program of British Columbia.

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    Klein, Carolin; Kennedy, M Alexis; Gorzalka, Boris B

    2009-06-01

    In an effort to characterize the attitudes and characteristics of men who solicit sex, this study investigated rape myth acceptance as assessed by a modification of Burt's Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. The participants were all men who took part in the Prostitution Offender Program of British Columbia after being arrested for attempting to solicit sex from an undercover police officer. Relationships between endorsement of rape myths, other attitudes, sexual behavior, and demographic variables were examined. Results reveal that age, education, use of pornography, ideal frequency of intercourse, and believing that purchasing sex is a problem are all negatively correlated with rape myth acceptance. Positive correlations were found between rape myth acceptance and sexual conservatism, sexual violence/coercion, and social desirability. Results are discussed in terms of the association between rape myth acceptance and the violence frequently perpetrated against those working in the sex trade.

  1. Prostitution in Deutschland zwischen Missachtung und Anerkennung: Eine normative Betrachtung der Sexarbeit im Kontext der anerkennungstheoretischen Aspekte aus der kritischen Theorie Axel Honneths.

    OpenAIRE

    Jensen, Signe Marie; Janella, Renik

    2014-01-01

    This project report is investigating the societal consequences of prostitution in Germany. In this, we focus on the most recent developments since its’ legalization in 2002. We are investigating who is benefitting the most from this business and furthermore in which ways the involved women are being marginalised and violated. The social consequences of these phenomena are being critically analyzed through the theory of recognition as articulated by Axel Honneth. The main issue are psychologic...

  2. An Intersectional Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence and Workplace Violence among Women Working in Prostitution

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    PILAR RODRÍGUEZ MARTÍNEZ

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of violence against women (intimate partner violence and workplace violence. The subject of the research is a qualitative sample of 12 autochthonous and migrant women who work in low-paid prostitution in Almería. The study uses an intersectional and multi-level approach, focusing on the perspectives of groups who experience multiple discrimination. The results show that violence has an impact on the identity of women. It also shows that in the different paths of the women in the study, different webs of violence occur, which lead them to distinct understandings of the violence they experience. In addition, we have analyzed how age, education level, and above all, social stigma, are related to the possibility of these women experiencing violence in their work and to their perceptions of that work.

  3. [Induced abortion and use of contraceptive methods among prostitutes in Almería (Spain)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabrerizo Egea, María Jesús; Barroso García, María Pilar; Rodríguez-Contreras Pelayo, Rafael

    2015-01-01

    To analyze the performance of induced abortion (IA) in prostitutes in Almería (Spain) and its association with the use of contraceptive methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 110 women. A bivariate analyses using either the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was carried out (significance level <0.05), with calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 52.7% of women had undergone at least one IA. All of these women used condoms and 35.5% of them also used another contraceptive method. No statistically significant association was found between condom breakage and the performance of IA or in the use of other contraceptive methods. A high percentage of this group of women had undergone IA, despite widespread condom use. However, there was a high percentage of condom breakage and a low percentage of use of emergency contraceptive pills after risky sexual relationships. Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

  4. Peran End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography And Trafficking Of Children For Sexual Purposes (Ecpat) Internasional dalam Menanggulangi Kasus Child Trafficking di Albania (2007-2012)

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    Rani, Faisyal; Rafiqa, Adni Luthfi

    2015-01-01

    This research purpose to explain about the role of End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT) International to solve child trafficking case in Albania (2007-2012). ECPAT International is a non-governmental organization which take focus on solving child trafficking case and ECPAT International has had affiliate in some country in the world, one of them is Albania.Authors analyze and explain about child trafficking condition which is occure...

  5. About the “salaried of love”: the legal statute of prostitution (Argentina and Spain, fin-du-siècle

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    Marisa Adriana Miranda

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available This work is concentred about the public management of prostitution, considered as a biopolitic strategy that was applied over the binomial "sexuality-reproduction", especially in Argentina and Spain during the end of XIX Century and the beginning of the XX Century. This comparative interest was sustained in the existence of cities with similar cultural levels, as Buenos Aires and Barcelona, with increasing urbanization and parallel male immigration, on the one hand; and, on the other hand, in the slant toward an eugenics-biotipologyc that was shared between both towns and that was functional to some hypothesis organized about the venereal diseases

  6. Médicos, prostitución y enfermedades venéreas en Colombia (1886-1951 Physicians, prostitution, and venereal disease in Colombia (1886-1951

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    Diana Obregón

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo examina la lucha del cuerpo médico colombiano contra las enfermedades 'venéreas' entre 1886 y 1951. En este período, Colombia sufrió procesos de urbanización, crecimiento de población, nacimiento de la industria y aparición de una clase media y de un proletariado urbano. Los médicos encontraron una conexión estrecha entre la difusión del contagio de la sífilis y la gonorrea, y el aumento del ejercicio de la prostitución en las ciudades. A finales del siglo XIX, los médicos y los organismos de higiene asumieron la prostitución como inevitable; en 1907 consiguieron reglamentarla y fundaron dispensarios para aplicar los tratamientos de mercurio y compuestos arsenicales. Hacia los años 1930 y 1940, la curación de las enfermedades venéreas se asumió como un deber estatal de defensa de la raza y a favor de la civilización y del progreso. Hacia 1950, el uso eficaz de la penicilina hizo que la cuestión de la prostitución se volviera a plantear en términos más morales y estéticos, y se impuso la abolición de las normas que regulaban su ejercicio, por lo menos en Bogotá.The article examines the Colombian medical field's fight against so-called venereal diseases between 1886 and 1951, a period when the country was undergoing processes of urbanization, population growth, and the emergence both of industry as well as of a middle class and an urban proletariat. Physicians found a close connection between the spread of syphilis and gonorrhea and the rise of prostitution in cities. At the close of the 19th century, doctors and public health bodies assumed prostitution was inevitable. In 1907 they managed to have it legalized and they opened clinics to dispense mercury therapy and treatment with arsenic compounds. Starting in the 1930s and 1940s, treatment of venereal diseases was viewed as the State's duty, necessary to protect "la raza" and safeguard progress and civilization. As of 1950, the efficient use of penicillin

  7. Teenage Prostitution and Child Pornography. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Select Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session (April 23 and June 24, 1982).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

    This document contains the transcript of hearings on teenage prostitution and child pornography. The first day of the hearings focuses on the testimony of six witnesses who are experts in dealing with and combatting sexual abuse of children. Their remarks to the committee are transcribed and copies of their prepared statements are provided…

  8. Fatores de risco para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis entre prostitutas e travestis de Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brasil Risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases in prostitutes and transvestites in Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil

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    Afonso Dinis Costa Passos

    2004-08-01

    íficos desse grupo para as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of sex workers in the city of Ribeirão Preto, which is in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate the risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs in this population. METHODS: All the areas in the city where female or male prostitutes or transvestites work or live were visited. The participants answered a questionnaire that collected sociodemographic data and information concerning risk factors for STDs. A social worker who for more than five years had carried out educational activities with sex workers in Ribeirão Preto was responsible for the interviews. RESULTS: The 449 female prostitutes, 13 male prostitutes, and 53 male transvestite sex workers who were included in the study make up a young population, with little schooling and a low socioeconomic level. A majority of them were born in states other than São Paulo, and a third of them still maintain a residence in some other state. In comparison to the prostitutes (the female and male prostitutes considered together, the transvestites had a significantly higher risk for STDs, which was reflected in their number of years as sex workers, average number of sexual partners per day, history of ulcerative STDs, practice of anal sex, use of illegal noninjectable drugs (especially crack, and history of incarceration. Exposure to alcohol was the only risk factor found more frequently in the prostitutes. Using a condom with a steady partner was less frequent than was condom use in commercial sex, for both the prostitutes and the transvestites. CONCLUSIONS: Sex workers in Ribeirão Preto, especially transvestites, are socially marginalized and at high risk for STDs. Public health services should focus more attention on this population by developing prevention programs and by supporting additional research that could provide more detailed knowledge concerning the specific risk

  9. Caracterização da violência física sofrida por prostitutas do interior piauiense Caracterización de la violencia física sufrida por prostitutas del interior del estado de Piauí Characterization of physical violence experienced by prostitutes living inside the state of Piauí

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    Jardeliny Corrêa da Penha

    2012-12-01

    trabajan en lugares determinantes de los hechos violentos.This is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, which aimed to characterize the physical violence suffered by prostitutes of Piauí and identify the prevalence of this disease. The study included 76 prostitutes registered in the Association of Sex Professionals of Picos, county of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The data collection was conducted in the areas of prostitution and in the association, from September to October 2010. The results showed that most prostitutes were young, with low income, low education, had more than two years in prostitution (50%, being mainly affected by psychological violence (60.5% followed by physical (30.2%. The aggressors were known to the victims and women hardly made the complaint. The results were enlightening and led to affirm that it is common the occurrence of violence in women prostitutes, because they work in places determinants of violent acts.

  10. Syphilis serology among transvestite prostitutes attending an HIV unit in Rome, Italy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gattari, P; Speziale, D; Grillo, R; Cattani, P; Zaccarelli, M; Spizzichino, L; Valenzi, C

    1994-12-01

    Sixty-seven transvestite prostitutes from Latin America (49 from Brazil and 18 from Colombia) who attended an HIV unit located in the inner city of Rome between January 1991 and June 1992 were studied for syphilis markers by means of both the Treponema pallidum haemoagglutination test (TPHA) and a solid phase haemadsorption test for detection of specific IgM (SPHA-IgM) which are typically present in recent infections. All participants reported more than 500 sexual partners in the past year, and 67.1% of them more than 1500 partners (between 5 and 10 partners per working day). The overall prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in this population was 65.7%. The prevalence of positive TPHA tests in the population studied was 73.1%, while that of positive SPHA-IgM tests was 10.4%. The prevalence of positive TPHA and SPHA-IgM tests was higher among Columbians than among Brazilians (83.3% vs 69.4% and 22.2% vs 6.1%, respectively) and also showed a positive correlation with the duration of their permanence in Italy. The TPHA and SPHA-IgM positivities were significantly higher among subjects older than 29 years. Positive TPHA was also significantly higher in subjects who reported a history of heroin and/or cocaine abuse while positive SPHA-IgM was higher in subjects who did not use condoms or reported irregular use of them than in subjects who regularly used condoms. No overall correlation was evident between TPHA positivity and anti-HIV positivity, while SPHA-IgM positivity was found to be higher among anti-HIV-negative subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  11. Sex and the capital city: the political framing of syphilis and prostitution in early republican Ankara.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evered, Emine Ö; Evered, Kyle T

    2013-04-01

    In its initial years, the nascent Turkish republic established the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance in order to promote public health. Beyond simply facilitating its modernizing agenda for the emergent nation-state as it sought to define itself against an Ottoman past, this institution was also geared toward remedying a self-defined population crisis by prioritizing and confronting particular diseases and health conditions. One of the maladies of utmost concern was syphilis. Based upon an analysis of official primary sources, this article engages with how the developing republic distinguished and consequently politically constructed-or framed-the syphilis problem from the vantage of its new forward capital, Ankara. Integral to this project of confronting this sexually transmitted disease, public health officials projected upon both this ailment and their understanding of the suitable means for its treatment their own views of what constituted appropriate sexual practices and relations. In doing so, certain subgroups of the population, especially prostitutes, were particularized as targets for surveillance and policing through regimes of licensing and compulsory medical examinations. Stemming from the state's framing of the disease-and its definition of appropriate sexual practices-this article also examines the subsequent legislative and public health education projects that followed.

  12. A angústia dos corpos indóceis: prostituição e conflito armado na Colômbia contemporânea The anguish of indocile bodies: prostitution and the armed conflict in contemporary Colombia

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    José Miguel Nieto Olivar

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Uma das estratégias de controle usadas pelos grupos armados no marco da agudização do conflito na Colômbia é o controle e a "gerência" da prostituição (e da sexualidade em geral nos territórios de dominação. O que significa ser prostituta no contexto de controle armado masculino na Colômbia contemporânea? Quais as possibilidades da vivência dos direitos humanos nas mulheres trabalhadoras sexuais nesse contexto? Essas perguntas surgem da vivência próxima da história da Lady entre os anos 2003 e 2005, e levam, a partir do trabalho de campo realizado em 2007 no município de Puerto Berrío (Colômbia, a uma reconstrução etnográfica do significado da prostituição num contexto de dominação masculina paramilitar. O tráfico de mulheres apresenta-se como o lado feminino do recrutamento e, mesmo que seja relativamente voluntário, termina se configurando numa dinâmica de retenção-punição com altíssimos custos para a experiência feminina.One of the control strategies used by armed groups as the conflict worsens in Colombia is the control and "management" of prostitution (sexuality in general in the territories under domination. A sex industry, characterized by violence, fear, manipulation and restricted options, is produced in this situation. What does it means to be a prostitute in the context of armed control in contemporary Colombia? What possibilities do these female sex workers have to exercise their human rights in this context? These questions first arose through our close contact with Lady, "comadre" and friend, between 2003 and 2005. Subsequent field work was conducted in 2007 in Puerto Berrío (central Colombia, aiming at the ethnographic reconstruction of the meaning of prostitution within a paramilitary context of male domination in contemporary Colombia. The traffic of women is shown to be the female part of the recruitment; although the process may be considered relatively voluntary, the final configuration is

  13. Vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections in women who sell sex on the route of prostitution and sex tourism in central Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Matos, Marcos André de; Caetano, Karlla Antonieta Amorim; França, Divânia Dias da Silva; Pinheiro, Raquel Silva; de Moraes, Luciene Carneiro; Teles, Sheila Araujo

    2013-01-01

    to investigate knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), STD-related risk behaviors, and signs/symptoms of STDs among female sex workers (FSWs). a cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample comprising 395 women recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method between 2009 and 2010. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews. most of the participants were young adults, had a low educational level, and had poor knowledge on the transmission paths of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Over one-third of the participants were not able to describe the signs/symptoms of STDs. The prevalence rates of vaginal discharge and wounds/ulcers were 49.0% and 8.6%, respectively, but 41.7% of the women had not sought treatment. the results indicate the need for public health policies focusing on the control and prevention of STDs in this population, especially for the FSWs who are active in an important prostitution and sex tourism route in central Brazil.

  14. Physiotherapy and the shadow of prostitution: the Society of Trained Masseuses and the massage scandals of 1894.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nicholls, David A; Cheek, Julianne

    2006-05-01

    In 1894 the Society of Trained Masseuses (STM) formed in response to massage scandals published by the British Medical Journal (BMJ). The Society's founders acted to legitimise massage, which had become sullied by its association with prostitution. This study analyses the discourses that influenced the founders of the Society and reflects upon the social and political conditions that enabled the STM to emerge and prosper. The founders established a clear practice model for massage which effectively regulated the sensual elements of contact between therapist and patient. Massage practices were regulated through clearly defined curricula, examinations and the surveillance of the Society's members. A biomechanical model of physical rehabilitation was adopted to enable masseuses to view the body as a machine rather than as a sensual being. Medical patronage of the Society was courted enabling the Society to prosper amongst competing organisations. Using Foucault's work on power we explore the contingent nature of these events, seeing the massage scandals in context with broader questions of sexual morality, professionalisation and expertise in the late nineteenth century society. We argue that many of the technologies developed by the founders resonate with physiotherapy practice today and enable us to critically analyse the continued relevance of the profession to contemporary healthcare.

  15. Realidade vivenciada e atividades educativas com prostitutas: subsídios para a prática de enfermagem Realidad vivida y actividades educativas con prostitutas: subsidios para la práctica de la enfermería en su proceso de vivir Reality experienced and educational activities with prostitutes: basis for the nursing practice

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    Ana Débora Assis Moura

    2009-09-01

    utilizadas por la APROCE estimulan, de cierta forma, el cambio de comportamiento, pues pasan informaciones sobre EST/SIDA y entregan frecuentemente preservativos a las prostitutas.The prostitutes are related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, because the sex is part of their daily, as a profession. This study aims to describe the living and health conditions of prostitutes and analyze the educational work carried out by the Association of Prostitutes of Ceara (APROCE about the prevention of STDs and AIDS. A descriptive type, with a qualitative approach, the data collection was realized from November 2006 up to January 2007, following the social educators of APROCE in some areas of prostitution in Fortaleza. It was observed that the prostitutes living in precarious socioeconomic conditions, with a lack of adequate health care and although they have reported that they use condoms in all sexual relations, the reality is different. Therefore, the strategies for Health Education used by APROCE stimulates, somehow, the behavior's change, it passes information on STD / AIDS and often delivers the condoms to prostitutes.

  16. The decriminalization of prostitution is associated with better coverage of health promotion programs for sex workers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harcourt, Christine; O'Connor, Jody; Egger, Sandra; Fairley, Christopher K; Wand, Handan; Chen, Marcus Y; Marshall, Lewis; Kaldor, John M; Donovan, Basil

    2010-10-01

    In order to assess whether the law has an impact on the delivery of health promotion services to sex workers, we compared health promotion programs in three Australian cities with different prostitution laws. The cities were Melbourne (brothels legalized if licensed, unlicensed brothels criminalized), Perth (criminalization of all forms of sex work) and Sydney (sex work largely decriminalized, without licensing). We interviewed key informants and gave questionnaires to representative samples of female sex workers in urban brothels. Despite the different laws, each city had a thriving and diverse sex industry and a government-funded sex worker health promotion program with shopfront, phone, online and outreach facilities. The Sydney program was the only one run by a community-based organisation and the only program employing multi-lingual staff with evening outreach to all brothels. The Melbourne program did not service the unlicensed sector, while the Perth program accessed the minority of brothels by invitation only. More Sydney workers reported a sexual health centre as a source of safer sex training and information (Sydney 52% v Melbourne 33% and Perth 35%; plegal context appeared to affect the conduct of health promotion programs targeting the sex industry. Brothel licensing and police-controlled illegal brothels can result in the unlicensed sector being isolated from peer-education and support. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Public Health Association of Australia.

  17. The violence in everyday of prostitution of women: invisibility and ambiguities La violencia en el cotidiano de la prostitución: invisibilidades y ambigüedades A violência no cotidiano da prostituição: invisibilidades e ambiguidades

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    Isabel Cristina Cavalcante Carvalho Moreira

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To reveal the meaning of violence in everyday female prostitution. METHOD: we used a phenomenological approach of Martin Heidegger. The survey was conducted in Teresina / Piauí / Brazil, with 11 women members of the Association of Prostitutes of Piaui. The data were produced by means of open interviews conducted by a script with questions regarding their experience as a prostitute and its relationship to violence. RESULTS: The reports indicate that it is prostitution a risky activity in which gender violence is a phenomenon present. In the relational world, prostitution and violence are intertwined in the face of negotiations established between women and men with formal contracts in the dark, verbally, without witnesses, and whose object of contract is the woman herself for the purpose of providing sexual pleasure to the contractor. Through interpretative analysis was possible to understand the lived violence leads women to remain in daily life where is this fear, inauthenticity and ambiguity. CONCLUSIONS: violence unveils lived relations of domination and assertion of male power, manifested by violence physical, psychological, moral and sexual. The study advances in scientific knowledge by showing that violence against women, in prostitution, must be understood as a process factual as well as the suffering experienced by them.OBJETIVO: desvelar el sentido de la violencia en el cotidiano de la prostitución femenina. MÉTODO: Se utilizó abordaje fenomenológico de Martin Heidegger. La investigación fue realizada en Teresina/Piauí/Brasil, con 11 mujeres miembros de la Asociación de las Meretrices de Piauí. Los datos fueron producidos por medio de la entrevista abierta, acarreada por un guión con preguntas acerca de la vivencia como meretriz y su relación con la violencia. RESULTADOS: los relatos evidenciaron que la prostitución es una actividad de riesgo, en la cual la violencia de género es un fenómeno presente. En ese

  18. Prostituce jako společenský problém

    OpenAIRE

    ROZUMOVÁ, Petra

    2008-01-01

    The bachelor is focused on the problems with prostitution. The theoretical part consider the concept of prostitution and its reason, historical evolution, forms of prostitution, social-pathological problems related with prostitution. Last capter of this part pay attention to the criminal, health and legal consequences of the prostitution. Research part is focused on women that prostitute in night clubs in border region of south Czech.

  19. Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections in women who sell sex on the route of prostitution and sex tourism in Central Brazil

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    Marcos André de Matos

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to investigate knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, STD-related risk behaviors, and signs/symptoms of STDs among female sex workers (FSWs. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample comprising 395 women recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method between 2009 and 2010. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: most of the participants were young adults, had a low educational level, and had poor knowledge on the transmission paths of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV. Over one-third of the participants were not able to describe the signs/symptoms of STDs. The prevalence rates of vaginal discharge and wounds/ulcers were 49.0% and 8.6%, respectively, but 41.7% of the women had not sought treatment. CONCLUSION: the results indicate the need for public health policies focusing on the control and prevention of STDs in this population, especially for the FSWs who are active in an important prostitution and sex tourism route in central Brazil.

  20. Dinheiro, afeto, sexualidade: a relação de prostitutas com seus clientes Dinero, afecto y sexualidad: la relación de prostitutas com sus clientes Money, affection and sexuality: the prostitutes' relationship with clients

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    Fernanda Burbulhan

    2012-12-01

    para el establecimiento de las condiciones de el ser y bienestar de estos trabajadores del sexo femenino dentro y fuera de la prostitución.Prostitution is constantly the aim of various different looks and academic research. With the objective of unveiling some of its meanings we have chosen to investigate the relationship - in its wider sense - between prostitutes and their clients. In order to do so, we elected the qualitative research method collecting information through semi-structured interviews. We investigated seven women of 18 years old minimum and involved in the activity for at least a year, who answered a social-economics questionnaire before being interviewed. The interviews were later submitted to the content analysis. Based on the results, we have concluded that the relationship between the prostitute and her client is founded on money - on what the client can pay for as well as on what cannot be paid for because is priceless. Such negotiation constitutes the basis for the establishment of their sense of being, in or out of the prostitution practices.

  1. Sociální fungování prostituujících žen

    OpenAIRE

    ŠAFAŘÍKOVÁ, Klára

    2015-01-01

    Social integration of female prostitute is the topic of this bachelor thesis. There is a lot of definition of prostitution but basically it is providing sexual service for payment. Prostitution is a phenomenon that goes throughout the history. I briefly described the evolution of prostitution in the Czech republic from the past till the present days in the theoretical part of my thesis. Moreover I stated the key terms as a definition of prostitution, an approach to the prostitution, risks, mo...

  2. Sexualidade juvenil de classes populares em Cabo Verde: os caminhos para a prostituição de jovens urbanas pobres The sexual culture of marginalized youth in Cape Verde: pathways to the prostitution of poor young women

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    José Carlos Gomes dos Anjos

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available O artigo apresenta apontamentos sobre comportamento de jovens marginalizados em Cabo Verde e busca integrar essas notas etnográficas a teorias da masculinidade. Explorando os caminhos que levam à prostituição entre meninas pobres, o artigo focaliza como mudanças nas experiências da sexualidade conduziram a uma reversão de arranjos sociais prévios nos quais os homens eram 'caçadores de saia' e provedores, para este novo regime em que as mulheres buscam seus parceiros com base no desejo e buscam, inclusive na prostituição, os meios econômicos para sustentar tais relações. O artigo usa dados de entrevistas detalhadas, algumas discussões de grupo focais e observação participante para examinar percepções masculinas de caminhos femininos para a prostituição.The paper provides insights into the behavior of marginalized youth in Cape Verde and integrates these insights into theories of masculinities. Exploring the pathways to prostitution among young poor urban women and their relationship to their peers, the poor young men they interact with, the paper focuses on how a change in sexual norms has led to a reversal of previous social arrangements, in which men were the 'skirt chasers' and the providers, to ones in which women seek partners based on desire and have the economic means to sustain such relationships. The paper uses data from some in-depth interviews, some focus group discussions, and participant observation to examine male perceptions of pathways to female prostitution.

  3. A prostituição infantil sob a ótica da sociedade e da saúde Child prostitution from the point of view of society and as a health question

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    Romeu Gomes

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as representações sociais e as relações estruturais em torno da prostituição infantil, presentes nos depoimentos prestados à Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito que tratou dessa problemática. MÉTODOS: Com base em metodologia qualitativa, a análise procurou identificar os núcleos de sentido presentes nos depoimentos. RESULTADOS: São apresentados dados das regiões do Brasil acerca do objeto de estudo. Focaliza-se a visão do cenário social em torno dos dados, expressando determinações histórico-culturais relacionadas à temática. CONCLUSÃO: A prostituição infanto-juvenil está calcada na comercialização do corpo como coerção ou escravidão ou para atender às necessidades básicas de sobrevivência. Destaca-se ainda a necessidade de ações sociais, aí incluindo as da saúde coletiva, para que o tema não fique apenas nas hipérboles dos discursos e dos números; transforme a fala em atitude.OBJECTIVE: The social representations and the structural relationships related to child prostitution, as presented in the depositions made before of the Parliamentary Comission Inquiry dealing with the problem are analyzed. METHODS: On the basis of qualitative methodology, the analysis attempts to identify the units of meaning present in the depositions. RESULTS: Data on the subject are presented by region. A vision of the social scene is built up on the basis of the data such as to breing out the related historical and cultural determining factors. CONCLUSION: The child juvenile prostitution is based on the commercialization of the body as coercion or slavery is seen as a means of meeting the basis needs of survival. The need for social action is brought out, including that of collective health, so that the theme does not serve only the amposes of rhetoric on statistics, because in calls for decisive action.

  4. El concepto occidental de la prostitución en África

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    Diana Triviño

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The word prostitution does not only refer to the exchange of sex for money or goods, but mainly, to a kind of human behavior which has been defined and stigmatized as a social deviance because of the sexual practices related to it. This understanding of prostitution arises through specific historical processes in the Western world, specially in the dialectical construction of a "legitimate" and an "illegitimate" sexuality. in this conception, marriage and dating relationships are the only situations in which sex is permitted. The validity of this understanding of prostitution continues nowadays and, despite its Western origins, it has marked the interpretations of prostitution in non-Western contexts. How was this understanding of prostitution built in the West? What images and reviews about prostitution or prostitutes were legitimized through this understanding to date? Which has been the influence of this understanding of prostitution on the interpretation of exchange of sex for money or goods in non-Western contexts, such as in Africa? These are the questions that will be addressed herein.

  5. Sex Work and Mental Health: A Study of Women in the Netherlands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krumrei-Mancuso, Elizabeth J

    2017-08-01

    This study examined how characteristics of prostitution and quality-of-life factors related to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress among 88 women engaged in prostitution in the Netherlands. Numerous factors were associated with elevated mental health concerns, including the experience of violence in prostitution, engaging in street prostitution, being motivated to engage in prostitution for financial reasons, having less confidence in one's ability to find alternative work, desiring to leave prostitution, and sense of self-transcendence. In contrast, focusing on achievement, having a sense of fair treatment from others and society, and self-acceptance were associated with better mental health outcomes. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that post-traumatic stress associated with engaging in prostitution against one's deeper desire to exit prostitution was, in part, the result of a lack of self-acceptance. The analyses controlled for relevant demographic factors, including age and level of education. The effect sizes for each of the findings ranged from medium to large. Implications for mental health care and public policy are included.

  6. How Does Sex Trafficking Increase the Risk of HIV Infection? An Observational Study From Southern India

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wirth, Kathleen E.; Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J.; Silverman, Jay G.; Murray, Megan B.

    2013-01-01

    Studies have documented the substantial risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection endured by sex-trafficked women, but it remains unclear how exposure to trafficking puts its victims at risk. We assessed whether the association between sex trafficking and HIV could be explained by self-reported forced prostitution or young age at entry into prostitution using cross-sectional data collected from 1,814 adult female sex workers in Karnataka, India, between August 2005 and August 2006. Marginal structural logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for HIV infection. Overall, 372 (21%) women met 1 or both criteria used to define sex trafficking: 278 (16%) began sex work before age 18 years, and 107 (5%) reported being forcibly prostituted. Thirteen (0.7%) met both criteria. Forcibly prostituted women were more likely to be HIV-infected than were women who joined the industry voluntarily, independent of age at entering prostitution (odds ratio = 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 4.90). Conversely, after adjustment for forced prostitution and other confounders, no association between age at entry into prostitution and HIV was observed. The association between forced prostitution and HIV infection became stronger in the presence of sexual violence (odds ratio = 11.13, 95% confidence interval: 2.41, 51.40). These findings indicate that forced prostitution coupled with sexual violence probably explains the association between sex trafficking and HIV. PMID:23324332

  7. Kvalita a bezpečnost na trhu prostituce

    OpenAIRE

    Figala, Filip

    2011-01-01

    Currently, there are several economic and political approaches to prostitution. Besides prohibitive approach, abolitionism and legalization occurs. With the transition from abolitionsim to legalization, states tries to solve market failures, that are inherent to the market of prostitution. The aim of this thesis is to find and identify, wheter the state regulated prostitution implies better quality and safety of services, than prostitution left outside the legal framework, and what mechanisms...

  8. "Final solution" in Myanmar?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lintner, B

    1992-07-01

    The conditions of Burmese prostitutes in Thailand's border communities are described to show how they are mistreated and denied health information on AIDS prevention. The police had been returning prostitutes to Myanmar, until it was brought to their attention that 25 female prostitutes had been fatally injected with cyanide by Burmese authorities to stop the spread of HIV. Myanmar's military rulers have concentrated AIDS education on the military. They do not want the soldiers, who keep the military regime in power to become infected with AIDS. The reports of Burmese murders of prostitutes have come from all quarters. In the group of 25 prostitutes were two cousins of a Burmese citizen who reported the disappearance of his relatives after they left for a shopping trip in the southern Thai city of Ranong, opposite Kawthaung in Myanmar. Thai police found that the two cousins had been kidnapped and sold into prostitution in a brothel in Ranong, which had been raided by police. In the northern city of Chiang Mai, it is estimated that 10,000 of the prostitutes are Burmese girls and women. UNICEF has reported that as many as 40,000 Burmese girls are sold into prostitution in Bangkok and border towns such as Ranong and Chiang Mai. Anti-Slavery International estimated that more than 1500 of the prostitutes in Ranong are Burmese girls and women who have been forced into this work. Their condition is very similar to slavery. Girls are forced to work long hours and may be fed only a bowl of rice with watery soup. Prostitution flourished because 20,000 Burmese fisherman, who are at sea for prolonged periods, frequent the brothels on their return. There is a growing prevalence of HIV infection in Ranong in part due to the fishermen's widespread heroin use aboard ship. In Ranong, 1 in 5 prostitutes were found to be HIV positive including 1 in 3 of the Burmese women. Those locked in brothels are not included in the figures. Unfortunately the Burmese captives know no or very

  9. Srovnávací studie legislativy a dopadů sociálně ekonomických faktorů v problematice prostituce v České republice a Rakousku

    OpenAIRE

    HÝSEK, Václav

    2010-01-01

    Abstract The theoretical framework of this thesis aims to analyze in a deeper way the matter of prostitution, pointing out to the present situation of this social matter in the Czech Republic as well as the connected or closely related criminality. Within the context of prostitution, general terms are specified along with the forms of prostitution, including the new so called "laufhäuser" (through house), present legal regulations and the impact of prostitution on the Czech economy. Furthermo...

  10. The Debate about the Origin of Venereal Disease and VD Control in Modern China : Focusing on Shanghai and Beijing in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

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    SIHN Kyuhwan

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper examines venereal disease(VD control in Shanghai and Beijing in the first half of the twentieth century. It focuses on the debate about the origin of VD in which western doctors stressed the importance of prostitution rather than VD itself. While missionary western doctors approached VD and prostitution from a moral perspective, Chinese western doctors adopted a public health approach. Because Chinese western doctors favored the medium of popular magazines and newspapers to publicize VD and enlighten the public, it is difficult to find their writings on VD in the medical journals such as The National Medical Journal of China(NMJ. Therefore, Chinese western doctors had not been indifferent to VD as previously thought. Common people preferred the black market to the open clinic, and abused salvarsan to cure VD in secret. This suggests the sensitive nature of VD as a disease that degrades personal honor. VD control varied depending on the perspective of the origin of VD and the prostitution, and measures taken. While moralists in the debate upheld a position to abolish licensed prostitution, public health enthusiasts propped up licensed prostitution. VD control in Shanghai and Beijing displays a striking contrast. In Shanghai, the power to control VD and prostitutes were separated. The Shanghai Municipal Council(SMC, French Municipal Council(FMC, and Shanghai Municipality(SM did not cooperate in the control of VD and prostitutes. When SMC devoted its energies to abolish licensed prostitution, FMC and SM enjoyed prostitute's taxes. The Beiping Municipality(1928-1937 practiced multiple forms of control patterns and targets of VD. They adopted a bifurcated policy regarding VD. The targets of diagnosis were divided into prostitute, pregnant women, and normal citizen. The range of the reach of the health administration in Beiping Municipality was gradually magnified.

  11. FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI LOKALISASI TELEJU PEKANBARU

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    Raisyifa Raisyifa

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Predicted that 1 from 3 people in the world have been got IMS. From that amount, 3 millions more are happen in South East Asia, including Indonesia. Riau is got 11th ranking in HIV-AIDS case. Data on year 2008 founded 200 case of HIV-AIDS in Pekanbaru. In localization, only afew prostitute with IMS complaint that want to check their health to medical officer. The purpose of this research is to find out which kind of Factors that Related with Prevention Acts of Sexual Transmitted Infection on a Prostitutes (PSK in Teleja Localization, Pekanbaru City 2009. The methods of this research is used analytic with cross sectional study design. The Research population is All of prostitute in Related with Prevention Acts of Sexual Transmitted Infection on a Prostitutes (PSK in Teleju Localization, Pekanbaru City that amount to 500 people and 60 people are sample that take with Simple Random Sampling. The results of this research founded that 60% Prostitute (PSK not doing prevention action as well, 43.3% PSk are low education about IMS. 46. 7% PSK still have negative attitude to IMS, 46.7% are new worker as prostitute in Teleju Localization. From bivariat analysis founded there is a significant relation between prevention action with knowledge level (p— 0,003, attitude (p=0,022 and work duration as a prostitute (p—0,036, and not founded a relation between prevention action with education level of prostitute (p=0,436. Suggested to medical officer and Self Reliance Foundation (LSM that are related to give a knowledge about IMS to prostitute and ask to the procures and prostitute to oblige a condom utilizing to all customers in every house to press a IMS distribution in Teleju localization. To other researcher than can take a knowledge from this research and could be completed a lack of this research.

  12. Re-framing the prostitute identity in Zimbabwe: An approach to Virginia Phiri’s novel Highway queen (2010

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    Oliver Nyambi

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In Zimbabwe, as in most traditionally conservative, patriarchal and Christian dominated countries, female sex work is abhorred on moral grounds as an unbecoming means of livelihood which takes away the practising woman’s social respectability. In such societies, then, the moral threat and stigma associated with female sex work affect women’s decisions on whether or not to take up sex work as a permanent means of livelihood. One can, however, ask how sustainable and stable these patriarchally constructed notions of morality and female identity are, especially in the face of crises? This article uses Virginia Phiri’s novel Highway queen, which is set in one of Zimbabwe’s economically tumultuous eras, to demonstrate how cultural texts grapple with the discourse of female sex work in contemporary Zimbabwe. The gist of my argument is that dominant prostitute identity constructs shaped by Zimbabwe’s patriarchal social and economic system are unstable. I find that the novel Highway queen manipulates such instability not only to re-inscribe sex work as a product of patriarchal impairment of female agency but, perhaps more importantly, to reflect on how women who are forced by circumstances to become sex workers can rise above their passive victimhood to achieve personal goals despite the social odds charted by patriarchy. Zooming in on the representation of the daily experiences of the female sex worker and protagonist, Sophie, the article explores the various ways in which the novel deconstructs stereotypical perceptions of female sex work and sex workers. The analysis ends with the argument that, whilst Sophie’s situation is fundamentally tragic, it affectively appeals to our sense of morality in a way which destabilises dominant (patriarchal constructs of sex work.

  13. Analisis Terhadap Faktor Penyebab Prostitusi Pada Anak

    OpenAIRE

    Fathonah, Rini

    2015-01-01

    Nowadays, the issue of child prostitution is increasingly prevalent. Kids are supposed to get a proper education, so that their behavior is not distorted. This time, it has undergone a shift, where the kids have had to find a job to survive. With so many limitations, eventually, the kids can only do simple jobs, such as prostitution. This research was done by examining the causes of the child prostitution, by referring to the existing norms and principles. Child prostitution is caused by seve...

  14. Child Prostitucion in the Czech Republic and the Prevention

    OpenAIRE

    Mašitová, Tereza

    2014-01-01

    The thesis focuses on child prostitution and its prevention. Firstly, the reader is informed about the basic knowledge of the phenomenon of child prostitution and the phenomenon which the prostitution is a part of, namely commercial sexual children abuse. The thesis describes possible causes and consequences and big part of it is dedicated to the prevention where also the legal aspects of prostitution are described. The objective of the thesis is to find out how are the children, ninth grade ...

  15. [Beautiful girls' ugly malady--selected passages from the history of guilty sex and syphilis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forrai, Judit

    2008-10-05

    In Budapest at the end of the 19th century, visiting brothels was an important part of night life, including the risk of some venereal disease (v.d.) like syphilis, the in-vogue illness of the age. The expansion of prostitution could be explained with the continuous growth of economy and social development as a consequence of urbanization. Prostitution has grown in innumerable forms, levels and places in order to meet all requirements since this was the only tolerated form of sexuality "out of homes". The police headquarters' duty was to control the observation of rules prescribed for prostitutes. Data and information were available only on registered "professional" prostitutes because references on hidden prostitution were hard to find. Liberalization of the strict rules and regalements on brothels and "staff" began at the time when the increase of prostitution and simultaneously, of syphilis overreached the capacity of the Police and the Health Care System.

  16. An examination of risky sexual behavior and HIV in victims of child abuse and neglect: a 30-year follow-up.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilson, Helen W; Widom, Cathy Spatz

    2008-03-01

    This article examined links between childhood maltreatment and risky sexual behavior (early sexual contact, promiscuity, prostitution) and HIV in adulthood. Using a prospective cohort design, physically and sexually abused and neglected children (ages 0-11) with documented cases during 1967-1971 were matched with nonmaltreated children and followed into adulthood. Early sexual contact, promiscuity, and prostitution were assessed through in-person interviews and official records (prostitution) at approximate age 29 (N=1196). HIV tests were conducted at approximate age 41 (N=631). Child maltreatment was associated with prostitution (OR=2.47, 95% CI=1.35-4.50) and early sexual contact (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.24-2.40). Prevalence of HIV in the abuse/neglect group was twice that in controls (OR=2.35, 95% CI=.64-8.62), although this difference did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. SEM provided significant support for a model linking child abuse and neglect to prostitution through early sexual contact and a marginal link to HIV through prostitution. These findings provide prospective evidence that maltreated children are more likely to report sexual contact before age 15, engage in prostitution by young adulthood, and test positive for HIV in middle adulthood. Copyright (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.

  17. La reglamentación de la prostitución en la Barcelona de la Restauración (1870-1890

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Alcaide González

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available «Hygienism» was a medical doctrine which incorporated the social features that were directly related to disease into its treatment. One of the fields where hygienic doctrine had most influence was on the exercise of prostitution. This was because the study of the causes that originated prostitution and the series of moral prophylactic measures that were introduced to halt prostitution were both added to medical practice. It was through these methods that the medical profession tried to control and shape social behaviour and to prevent the effects of contagious venereal and syphilitic diseases. These elements were reflected in the regulation of prostitution that was adopted in the most important cities in Spain from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards. In this legislation the creation of Sections of special hygiene was included. These were designed to record, prevent and control the exercise of prostitution, as well as all the illnesses derived from it. In the city of Barcelona, during the Restauration, the Section of special hygiene under Carlos Ronquillo´s government focused particularly on the treatment of prostitution as a social disease and on the female prostitute as a victim of the precarious social and labour circumstances of the working class in the late nineteenth-century industrial city.

  18. Street children turn to sex-work to survive.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1995-08-01

    The Kenyan government currently deports tourists who are caught with child prostitutes and charges the children with prostitution. A harder treatment of foreigners caught with child prostitutes may soon emerge. The Undugu Society in Kenya, an organization working with street children, welcomes such changes. It teaches children practical skills, e.g., tailoring and carpentry. The Society has four schools and sponsors 1000 children to attend school or workshops. It sends social workers into the slums to counsel and gain the trust of street children as well as to encourage them to attend workshops. The Society has workshops on HIV transmission and emphasizes behavior change rather than condom use. Kenyan law prohibits adults from having sex with a child less than 18 years old. Juvenile courts deal with children caught engaging in solicitation of customers and/or prostitution. Children found guilty go to children's homes for rehabilitation into mainstream society. More and more countries of sex-tourists are punishing tourists who engage in sexual intercourse with minors in Kenya. Fear that high-profile cases will harm the multi-million-dollar tourist industry as well as lack of state resources makes Kenya reluctant to prosecute tourists. In 1994, most of Nairobi's 40,000 street children were engaged in prostitution. The leading centers of child prostitution are all tourist areas: Nairobi, Mombasa, Malindi, Lamu, and Diani. 80% of pornographic material in Kenya features children. Kenyan taxi drivers, tour guides, and hotel workers serve as middlemen in child prostitution. Urban poverty forces many children on to the streets. Rural children sent to urban areas to work as maids or servants in a rich house are often sexually abused. They then escape to the streets. Many child prostitutes come from poor families and have low literacy and no practical skills. AIDS orphans also become prostitutes to survive.

  19. Deficiency of legislative shaping of the consent of a victim in human trafficking: Is prostitution prohibited by Palermo protocol?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ristivojević Branislav R.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The writer deals in his work with the issue of the consent of a victim to sexual and labor exploitation under the provisions of the Protocol on the Suppression and Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children on the UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime. By analyzing preliminary assumptions on which the majority of science stand for, according to which it is possible for a passive subject to consents to its own sexual and labor exploitation, the author finds that the legislative and technical shaping of the relevant provisions of the Protocol is not satisfied concerning this matter. Equalization of all provided manners or instruments of perpetration of criminal offence of human trafficking has brought about a logical error. It is not possible to make equal the effect of coercion and deceit with the effect of providing or accepting the benefits as manners of perpetration of criminal offence of human trafficking on people consent. The first two, if used for sexual exploitation lead to rape instead to human trafficking, which represents a legaldogmatic obstacle to such legislative-technical approach to the Protocol. The second one can lead to human trafficking according to what is given as a provision of this criminal offence, but the writer also complains about decision from the point of a criminal policy. When it comes to sexual exploitation, such legislativetechnical approach along with the consent of the victim covers classical prostitution, and when it comes to labor exploitation the award replaces it as a key mechanism for the regulation of economic relations in ordinary labor markets, with the criminal justice coercion.

  20. MY BODY, ALL MINE: ABOUT THE TRAFFIC ON AND THE OBJECTIFICATION OF WOMEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anamaria Marcon Venson

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available This article focuses on the manners in which the discussion on the traffic on women has found room and effect at play with the notion that prostitution should be eradicated. It shows how the preoccupation with human trafficking has materialized in a combat against prostitution, as modifications in the criminal code regarding the legal treatment of prostitution in Brazil were enacted as a result of international demands to adapt the existing legislation to the Palermo Protocol. The discursive debate on human trafficking and its constitution as a problem have reinforced the rejection of prostitution. This, in turn, has boycotted the discussion on the rights of the people who make of prostitution a migration strategy, supporting, as such, international demands to contain migration. Combating these gender models that immobilize women has been a historical feminist struggle.

  1. Legalizace prostituce v ČR?

    OpenAIRE

    Frydrych, Štěpán

    2016-01-01

    Bachelor thesis named Legalization of prostitution in Czech Republic? engages the dilemma of prostitution and its possible legalization. This topic is discussed from historical, juridical and also theological ethics point of view and is trying to answer the question - whether or when and under which conditions, is the legalization of prostitution in CR possible. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

  2. PRAKTEK PROSTITUSI DAN PENGARUH TREND KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN MANCA NEGARA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erlangga Brahmanto

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT           Tourism in addition to having a positive impact in the economy also has a negative impact on social culture . The development of tourism is directed into one of the country 's foreign exchange to support development activities likely to lead to a progressive economic aspect , cultural aspect , which pressure due to the shift in immigrant communities are less concerned about social cultural environment . Yogyakarta is very rapid progression from year to year . prostitution in the city of Yogyakarta is also experiencing significant growth .    This is as a consequence of the results of the development of tourism in Yogyakarta . Sarkem region , Babarsari , Parangkusumo beach is a picture of the author wants to lift to the research topic entitled " Practice Prostitution and the influence of Tourist Visits in Yogyakarta” . This study addresses the two aspects , namely the economic and cultural aspects of progressive regressive . In this issue there is a dilemma from year to year , due to new entrants to the practice of sex ( prostitution is hidden in the Babarsari , rented houses or spread and some prostitutes is a student or students from leading universities in Yogyakarta . therefore in this study can be found three major problems are : ( a Type prostitution which flourished in Babarsari , Sarkem , Parangkusumo Beach ( b Relationship Patterns between a prostitute with the local community in terms of tourism development and the preservation of cultural values , ( c Effect of prostitution to local culture and tourism development .          This study uses field data collection methods, methods of interviewing and observation and data collection methods literature . development of tourism in Yogyakarta  impact on the practice of Presence sex ( prostitution hidden in Boarding House or rent , renting , given the tourist area of Yogyakarta area wet with Rupiah . This is a new settlement , mostly inhabited by new

  3. Vejen ud

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Døssing, Lis; Holm Sørensen, Mogens; Kofod, Jens Erik

    Dette arbejdspapir sætter fokus på kvinder på vej ud af prostitution, og de støttebehov, nogle af dem kan have. Kvinder, der har været i prostitution, kan have senfølger, der med sandsynlighed kan relateres til prostitution. Derfor kan de have behov for støtte og hjælp, når de stopper og i en per...

  4. Condiciones sociolaborales, conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres inmigrantes que ejercen la prostitución en Madrid Social and work conditions, risk behavior and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid (Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María José Belza

    2004-06-01

    (HBV, and hepatitis C (HCV infection and of other sexually transmitted infections among a group of female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid. Methods: We performed a descriptive study of a group of immigrant women who worked as prostitutes and who attended a sexually transmitted diseases (STD clinic in Madrid in 1999 and 2000. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, use of injected drugs, and sexual practices with their clients and in their private lives. The services provided included screening for the main STDs and serological studies for HIV, HBV and HCV. Results: A total of 579 female immigrants were analyzed. The mean age was 28.7 years. Ninety-six percent were from Latin America. None reported having consumed injected drugs. They began to work as prostitutes at a mean age of 27.4 years and 93.3% of them began in Spain. In the previous month, 98% had always used condoms for vaginal and anal penetrations with their clients and 17.6% had used them in their private sexual relations. Thirty percent reported condom breakage during intercourse. The prevalence of HIV and HCV infection was 0.2 and 0.9%, respectively; 8.1% showed HIV anticore antibodies and 0.5% showed surface antigens. An ulcerative STD was diagnosed in 2.1% and a non-ulcerative STD was diagnosed in 16%. Conclusions: Condoms are generally used with clients although the frequency of breakage is high. Condom use in prostitutes' personal lives is dramatically lower. The prevalence of markers for HIV, HBV and HCV is low and the frequency of STD is moderate.

  5. Ground-breaking research into Ghanaian sex-workers suggests high awareness. Country surveys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1996-02-01

    The first nationwide research into prostitution in Ghana has been completed by Dr. Matilida Pappoe. She has found that there has been exponential growth in prostitution over the past three years in the country. While 10 years ago, people would not openly talk about prostitution, now that people's friends are increasingly entering the trade, people freely discuss prostitution. The research indicates that this growth is linked to the negative effects of macroeconomic policies aimed at economic growth, such as structural adjustment. For example, 39 of 121 sex workers studied claimed to have begun working as a prostitute after their trading businesses collapsed. Study findings suggest a high level of AIDS awareness among Ghanaian prostitutes. Prostitutes in Ghana are considered to be either seaters or roamers. Seaters are a loosely organized group of women who tend to work from a common compound, attracting customers by sitting in the doorway of their rooms. They typically report to an older retired sex worker who settles disputes and raises credit if one of the women must pay a police fine. Seaters are largely 30-45 years old and work in industrial centers. Roamers, however, tend to be 20-30 years old, work in coastal towns, and are usually better educated. They move from place to place and are probably at lower risk of contracting HIV due to the higher rates they charge and the correspondingly lower number of clients they entertain. Roamers seem to have higher rates of condom use and clients who are aware of the dangers. Roamers, too, are not organized as a group and may even often be highly competitive. Their work in the isolation of hotels makes them particularly vulnerable. Economic necessity has therefore increasingly drawn Ghanaian women into the sex trade, while Ghanaian men who typically support two or three women in exchange for sex, but can no longer do so due to current economic conditions, turn to occasional sex with prostitutes. This paper notes that

  6. Nationalräkenskapernas produktionsgräns och prostitutionen: En jämförelse mellan Nederländerna och Sverige

    OpenAIRE

    Arnberg, Klara

    2006-01-01

    Both Statistics Netherlands and Statistics Sweden have estimated value added in the illegal economy. According to the System of National Accounts 1993 all economic activities that are made by willingly engagement of buyers and sellers should be included in the national accounts. This paper provides a comparison between the two estimations of prostitution. By addressing theories on sexuality and prostitution the production boundary is discussed in relation to prostitution and unpaid household ...

  7. 32 CFR 935.40 - Criminal offenses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... prostitution; (c) Use any building, structure, vehicle, or public lands for the purpose of lewdness, assignation, or prostitution; (d) Possess or display (publicly or privately) any pornographic literature, film...

  8. Sociální aspekty a legalizace prostituce

    OpenAIRE

    JEDLIČKOVÁ, Veronika

    2017-01-01

    The issue of prostitution is still as relevant nowadays as it was in ancient times, when this activity had first been documented. Prostitution has been perceived in various ways in different times and countries. At present, prostitution is legalised in some countries, but with many illegal and criminal activities associated to it (e.g. drug problems, illegal restraint, blackmailing). In the Czech Republic there are no legal regulations regarding this activity, therefor we're referring to a le...

  9. Lásku za peníze nekoupíš, sex ano -- průzkum trhu prostituce zaměřený na subjekty nabízející komerční sexuální služby

    OpenAIRE

    Marková, Eva

    2009-01-01

    The bachelor essay deals with the influence of economic, legal, social and moral aspects on subjects that represent market supply of prostitution. At the beginning there are briefly described the reasons and substance of the shadow economy, there are also defined notion of prostitution and possible ways of this activity. The next part of the essay focuses on the market, subjects that represent market supply and market demand, legalization and taxation of prostitution. The theoretical part of ...

  10. Female Teenagers as Sex-Workers: Their Reasons and Adaptive Mechanism

    OpenAIRE

    Suyanto, Bagong

    2014-01-01

    This study attempts to assess and understand the exploitations of girls who are forced into prostitution in the sex industry through critical theory perspective. The study was conducted in Surabaya and in a touristic area Tretes, Pasuruan. Overall, the in-depth interviews were conducted to 45 informants, girls who are forced into prostitution, former young prostitutes, pimps, and also male customers. The study found that it takes more than just pressures of poverty, lack of education, and ina...

  11. Characteristics of gonorrhoea in Kermanshah, Iran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zargooshi, J

    2002-12-01

    To describe the characteristics of gonorrhoea and prostitution in Kermanshah, Iran. From 1997 through 2000, 100 male gonorrhoea patients were followed for a mean of 18 months (range 8-42 months). Diagnosis and follow up were made by a combination of history, physical examination, and the Gram stained smear. 4% of patients became infected by girlfriends, 24% by temporary (sigheh) wives, and 64% by street prostitutes; the remaining 8% denied coitus with sex workers. Of 38 married cases, 31 reported unprotected intercourse with permanent wives while infected, and only four of 38 gave prescribed drugs to their wives. 89% of contacts with prostitutes were unprotected. Most of the prostitutes and professional sigheh wives were practising survival sex. Fear of stigmatization and presumed severe penalties prevented prostitutes from seeking medical care, and 26% of patrons reported self medication. An average 84% of prescriptions of standard therapies failed. 31% of the cases remained refractory to all available therapies. The majority of the prostitutes and sigheh wives in Iran exchange sex for survival. Being uneducated survival sex workers, they accept risky sex behaviours easily. Sigheh wives are an important source of infection. The very high rate of persistent infection despite standard treatments is disturbing. Our ideal is a world in which nobody is obliged to enter commercial sex work. In the meantime, however, there is an urgent need to offer medical care and education to sex workers as needy patients in a safe and unprejudiced environment. Denying the presence of such realities as prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) because of their disagreement with cant claims and official propaganda, does not eradicate the facts but results in catastrophic public health problems.

  12. Důsledky legalizace prostituce ve Spolkové republice Německo

    OpenAIRE

    Keilová, Simona

    2016-01-01

    The goal of this master's thesis is to understand the link between legalization of prostitution and human trafficking. The thesis is divided into three major sections. The theoretical part defines major terms, such as human trafficking and prostitution. This section also describes the issue of human trafficking and prostitution in the context of the Czech Republic and in the context of Germany. The empirical part/section is based on interviews with a number of social workers in Germany, and i...

  13. Sex work on the rise. International news.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1996-01-01

    The AIDS epidemic has brought to the fore many social injustices; for instance, inappropriate laws. The groups of people most at risk of HIV/AIDS are women, young people, and sex workers. More appropriate laws are needed to protect their rights. In many instances sex workers are prosecuted for selling their services, but their clients are not prosecuted for seeking these services. Most people become sex workers so they can feed, clothe, and supply the basic needs for themselves and their families. Many sex workers are abandoned wives, mothers with no means of support, and poverty stricken people. A Health Ministry commission in Sweden proposed that prostitutes, clients, and pimps be prosecuted and be liable to imprisonment. Authorities in Scotland, where prostitution is illegal, have granted licenses to more than 20 clubs in Edinburgh in which sex is for sale. In the UK, the Royal College of Nursing called for a measure to decriminalize prostitution and to introduce licensed, regulated brothels. The legalization of sex clubs and brothels will occur soon in the Netherlands. In Poland, 30,000-50,000 youth, 33% of whom are underage, sell sex during holidays. Organizations are beginning to work only with male prostitutes in Belgium. In the countries of the former Soviet Union and China, prostitution is becoming more and more common. Some young girls in these countries practice currency prostitution. In almost all Asian countries except Thailand condom use is low; yet prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases are very common. Some people participate in the corrupt trade in women from Nepal to supply the sex market in Bombay, India. Sex tourism is still common in cities of Eastern Europe and the former USSR and in areas where tourism is increasing. There are more than 1 million prostitutes aged under 16 in eight Asian countries, with 400,000 in India. Sweden and the UK have taken steps to prosecute natives who have sex with children abroad. Philippine authorities

  14. Exit Prostitution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Henriksen, Theresa Dyrvig; Mehlsen, Line; Kjær, Agnete Aslaug

    Fra 2012 til 2016 har man i Aalborg, Aarhus, København og Odense afprøvet metoden Critical Time Intervention (CTI) inden for prostitutionsområdet. Denne rapport evaluerer resultaterne. CTI har tidligere vist positive resultater i socialt arbejde med udsatte grupper, som fx hjemløse. På baggrund a...

  15. Ekonomická analýza trhu prostituce

    OpenAIRE

    Dědková, Lucie

    2008-01-01

    The bachelor essay concentrates on the economic aspect of prostitution. At the beginning the essay briefly deals with history of one of the oldest professions in the world and its position in society. The essay thinks of the notion of prostitution from the point of view of economics as a possible free choice of behaviour, free decision making of an individual and using his own body as he thinks that it is acceptable. Then the essay tries to study how the market for prostitution, where the adu...

  16. Servants of Peitho: Pindar fr.122

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Pippin Burnett

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Pindar's skolion fr.122 need not concern temple prostitutes of Aphrodite, but is rather a sympotic celebration of a private person's donation of prostitutes for the enjoyment of a party of men of Corinth.

  17. Demographic and Social Factors Influencing Public Opinion on ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    macuser

    the pressing need for empirical research into these opinions, to inform and make .... understanding public opinion on the issue of prostitution has critical relevance. For ..... prostitution and presented three options for legal reform in South Africa: ...

  18. Prostituição e sentido de vida: relações de significado Prostitución y sentido de la vida: relaciones de significado Prostitution and sense of life: relationship of significance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Willian Henrique Corrêa

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo elaborar uma compreensão fenomenológica acerca da prática da prostituição, relacionando essa experiência à busca pelo sentido da vida. Com base nos conceitos empregados pela Logoterapia - a psicoterapia do sentido de vida -, elaborou-se uma reflexão teórica sobre as possíveis motivações e sentidos que têm as mulheres que se dedicam à prostituição. Dentre essas, as principais seriam, o meio de sobrevivência econômica, insatisfação com a família, busca por status social, entre outras. Esses pontos foram articulados com a concepção de homem para Viktor Emil Frankl, enquanto aquele ser que está em uma insaciável busca pelo sentido de vida. Esperou-se, com isso, lançar luzes sobre essa relação.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo elaborar una comprensión fenomenológica sobre la práctica de la prostitución relacionando esta experiencia a la búsqueda por el sentido de la vida. A partir de los conceptos empleados por la Logoterapia - la psicoterapia del sentido de la vida - se elaboró una reflexión teórica sobre las posibles motivaciones y sentidos que tienen las mujeres que se dedican a la prostitución. Entre ellas, las principales serian, el medio de sobrevivencia económica, insatisfacción con la familia, búsqueda por estatus social, entre otras. Esos puntos fueron articulados con la concepción de hombre para Viktor Emil Frankl, mientras un ser que está en una insaciable búsqueda por el sentido de la vida. Se esperó, con eso, lanzar luces sobre esa relación.This article aims to develop a phenomenological understanding about the practice of prostitution relating this experience to search for the meaning of life. Based on the concepts employed by Logotherapy - the psychotherapy of the meaning of life - is intended to make a theoretical reflection on the possible motivations and meanings that have women who engage in prostitution. Among those, we considered the

  19. Condom use by Dutch men with commercial heterosexual contacts: determinants and considerations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Graaf, R; van Zessen, G; Vanwesenbeeck, I; Straver, C J; Visser, J H

    1997-10-01

    We report responses from 559 clients of female prostitutes, with a view to determining to what extent previously identified factors play a part in condom use. To increase the response rate to advertisements in daily and weekly newspapers, interviews were held by phone. This procedure had the advantage of ensuring the anonymity many clients demanded. Of those clients having vaginal or anal contact (91%), 14% had not always used condoms in the previous year. Compared with consistent condom users, these men were less highly educated, had twice as many commercial contacts, and had more contacts with "steady" prostitutes. They were either more emotionally motivated to visit prostitutes than were consistent condom users or exhibited a stronger need for sexual variation. They showed a more compulsive attitude toward visiting prostitutes, had a more negative attitude toward prostitution in general, evaluated condoms more negatively, had a higher personal efficacy to achieve unsafe contacts, and had a higher general risk assessment, commensurate with their behavior. Men with only safe contacts had either an intrinsic or an extrinsic motivation for condom use. Among extrinsically motivated men, their behavior change was more recent and had not yet taken root: They still envisioned unsafe commercial sex to be possible in the future. Education aimed at the small group of men practicing unsafe contacts will not easily and directly lead to behavior change. But these educational activities may support prostitutes to persist in (consistent) condom use, regardless of clients' pressure to do otherwise.

  20. Significant Pre-Accession Factors Predicting Success or Failure During a Marine Corps Officer’s Initial Service Obligation

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-12-01

    30 grams or less) CO MCD level waiver 317 Prostitution or solicitation for prostitution . 318 Reckless driving, careless, or imprudent (considered...property. 432 Public record; altering, concealing, destroying, mutilating, obligation, or removing. 433 Rape , sexual abuse, sexual assault

  1. Induced abortion among Brazilian female sex workers: a qualitative study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Madeiro, Alberto Pereira; Diniz, Debora

    2015-02-01

    Prostitutes are vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies and abortions. In Brazil, abortion is a crime and there is no data about unsafe abortions for this population. The study describes how prostitutes perform illegal abortions and the health consequences thereof. Semi-structured interviews with 39 prostitutes from three cities in Brazil with previous induced abortion experience were conducted. Sixty-six abortions, with between one and eight occurrences per woman, were recorded. The majority of the cases resulted from sexual activity with clients. The inconsistent use of condoms with regular clients and the consumption of alcohol during work were indicated as the main causes of unplanned pregnancies. The main method to perform abortion was the intravaginal and oral use of misoprostol, acquired in pharmacies or on the black market. Invasive measures were less frequently reported, however with more serious health complications. The fear of complaint to the police meant that most women do not inform the health team regarding induced abortion. The majority of prostitutes aborted with the use of illegally-acquired misoprostol, ending abortion in a public hospital with infection and hemorrhagic complications. The data indicate the need for a public policy focusing on the reproductive health of prostitutes.

  2. Improving health equity through theory-informed evaluations: a look at housing first strategies, cross-sectoral health programs, and prostitution policy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunn, James R; van der Meulen, Emily; O'Campo, Patricia; Muntaner, Carles

    2013-02-01

    The emergent realist perspective on evaluation is instructive in the quest to use theory-informed evaluations to reduce health inequities. This perspective suggests that in addition to knowing whether a program works, it is imperative to know 'what works for whom in what circumstances and in what respects, and how?' (Pawson & Tilley, 1997). This addresses the important issue of heterogeneity of effect, in other words, that programs have different effects for different people, potentially even exacerbating inequities and worsening the situation of marginalized groups. But in addition, the realist perspective implies that a program may not only have a greater or lesser effect, but even for the same effect, it may work by way of a different mechanism, about which we must theorize, for different groups. For this reason, theory, and theory-based evaluations are critical to health equity. We present here three examples of evaluations with a focus on program theories and their links to inequalities. All three examples illustrate the importance of theory-based evaluations in reducing health inequities. We offer these examples from a wide variety of settings to illustrate that the problem of which we write is not an exception to usual practice. The 'Housing First' model of supportive housing for people with severe mental illness is based on a theory of the role of housing in living with mental illness that has a number of elements that directly contradict the theory underlying the dominant model. Multisectoral action theories form the basis for the second example on Venezuela's revolutionary national Barrio Adentro health improvement program. Finally, decriminalization of prostitution and related health and safety policies in New Zealand illustrate how evaluations can play an important role in both refining the theory and contributing to improved policy interventions to address inequalities. The theoretically driven and transformative nature of these interventions create

  3. "Hun vides ikke at have andet erhverv end erhverv ved utugt"

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Christina Louise

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this thesis is to show how the Morality Police in Copenhagen regulated prostitution and sexual promiscuity from 1906-1940. The final decades of the nineteenth century saw intense discussion on how to cope with the danger of the widespread venereal diseases. Prostitutes were seen...... as disease carriers and at the same time, prostitution was considered immoral and scandalous. The solution to both the problem of the dissemination of sexually transmitted diseases and the grounds of public morality and decency were resolved through regulation of the sale of sex. This implied regular medical...... examinations and strict rules laid down for the behavior of the prostitutes. However in 1906 a new legislation concerning public indecency and venereal diseases, Lov af 30te Marts 1906 om Modarbejdelse af offentlig Usædelighed og venerisk Smitte, was passed by the Danish Parliament. The Law of 1906 was adopted...

  4. New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective—An Example of a Successful Policy Actor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivana Radačić

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC is a unique example of a sex workers’ rights organisation which is an important actor in prostitution policy. The NZPC has had a significant impact on prostitution laws, managing to achieve the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand, which distinguishes it from many other studied organisations. Indeed, the literature on sex workers’ rights organisations notes their relative failure in terms of their impact on prostitution law and policy, identifying the following hurdles: the lack of a common identity and solidarity among sex workers, their stigmatisation, problems with organisational leadership and membership, lack of resources and challenging relationships with allies. This article analyses the role of the NZPC in prostitution policy in New Zealand, particularly in the adoption of the decriminalisation model, and examines the key factors for its success in light of the literature on sex workers’ rights organisations.

  5. Clinic-based intervention projects: STD and family planning programs get involved. Intervention model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Finger, W R

    1991-06-01

    The sexually transmitted disease (STD) program in Udorn, a popular Thai tourist city, has worked closely with 750 prostitutes for 15 years, incorporating the concerns of brothel managers and prostitutes into service delivery. The program in Udorn is part of a nationwide network of STD clinics. The level of person-to-person interaction was increased once it was determined by 1989 that HIV had infected 6% of prostitutes in the city's brothels. Outreach educators were recruited and trained to ensure that all prostitutes in Udorn had the basic facts about HIV and AIDS. Over the last 2 years, the STD program has trained outreach educators to work in 8 brothels, started a local AIDS prevention foundation supported by local businessmen, and taken other steps to incorporate AIDS prevention into its clinic structure. Such clinic-based programs are an important way of targeting groups at high risk of HIV transmission.

  6. Prostituição infanto-juvenil: revisão sistemática da literatura Prostitución infante juvenil: análisis de una revisión sistemática de la literatura Child-juvenile prostitution: a systematic literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moneda Oliveira Ribeiro

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho buscou compreender como a prostituição infanto-juvenil está sendo explicada pelos pesquisadores, utilizando um extenso levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos, nacionais e internacionais. Conseguiu-se acessar vinte referências, que foram analisadas integralmente segundo o método de Análise de Conteúdo. A análise consistiu em responder como esse fenômeno é representado pelo autor em relação aos conceitos, causas, efeitos e soluções apontados nas referências. Encontrou-se que os autores abordam o tema como um meio de sobrevivência, decorrente de uma sociedade desigual, adultocêntrica e machista, causando adoecimento mental e físico na criança.Este trabajo buscó comprender, por medio de un extenso levantamiento bibliográfico de artículos científicos, nacionales e internacionales, como la prostitución infante juvenil está siendo explicada por los investigadores. Se consiguió acceder a veinte referencias completas, que fueron analizadas según el método del Análisis de Contenido. El análisis consistió en responder ¿Cómo ese fenómeno es representado por el autor, en relación a los conceptos, causas, efectos y soluciones apuntados en las referencias?. Se encontró que los autores abordan el tema como un medio de sobrevivencia, proveniente de una sociedad desigual, centrada en el adulto y machista, lo que ocasiona en el niño una enfermedad mental y física.The purpose of this study was to understand how infant-juvenile prostitution is being explained by researchers through an extensive bibliographical survey on national and international scientific sources. It was possible to access 20 references in full text form, which were analyzed according to the Content Analysis method. The analysis consisted in answering how infant-juvenile prostitution is represented by the author in relation to the concepts, causes, effects and solutions described in the references. It was found that the authors

  7. The Strategic Implications of Human Trafficking

    Science.gov (United States)

    2005-03-18

    in various forms including prostitution, forced marriages, domestic service, sweatshops , child labor, fighting in armies, factory workers, farm... sweatshop labor and domestic servitude. The rest are forced into prostitution and the sex industry, or in the case of young children, kidnapped and sold for

  8. The Lost Art of Regulated tolerance? Fifteen Years of Regulating Vices in Amsterdam

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Huisman, W.; Nelen, J.M.

    2014-01-01

    Fifteen years ago, Brants explored the idiosyncrasies of Dutch policy with regard to prostitution, focusing on the situation in the Dutch capital. Amsterdam was on the brink of the enactment of new policies and legislation regarding the legalization of prostitution and the crackdown on organized

  9. Literature Review Lifestyles and routine activities of South African ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health ... Lifestyles and routine activities of South African teenagers at risk of being trafficked for involuntary prostitution. Thozama ... Actual lifestyle and routine activities of South African teenagers and risky behaviours (substance abuse, intergenerational sex and child prostitution) are ...

  10. Induced abortion among Brazilian female sex workers: a qualitative study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Pereira Madeiro

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Prostitutes are vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies and abortions. In Brazil, abortion is a crime and there is no data about unsafe abortions for this population. The study describes how prostitutes perform illegal abortions and the health consequences thereof. Semi-structured interviews with 39 prostitutes from three cities in Brazil with previous induced abortion experience were conducted. Sixty-six abortions, with between one and eight occurrences per woman, were recorded. The majority of the cases resulted from sexual activity with clients. The inconsistent use of condoms with regular clients and the consumption of alcohol during work were indicated as the main causes of unplanned pregnancies. The main method to perform abortion was the intravaginal and oral use of misoprostol, acquired in pharmacies or on the black market. Invasive measures were less frequently reported, however with more serious health complications. The fear of complaint to the police meant that most women do not inform the health team regarding induced abortion. The majority of prostitutes aborted with the use of illegally-acquired misoprostol, ending abortion in a public hospital with infection and hemorrhagic complications. The data indicate the need for a public policy focusing on the reproductive health of prostitutes.

  11. Modeling the Drift Towards Sex Role Deviance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    James, Jennifer; Vitaliano, Peter Paul

    The interrelationships of deviant life experiences and current status, i.e., prostitution versus non-prostitution, were investigated by the application of multivariate analyses. Variables were studied involving early home life, pregnancy history, sexual history, and criminal involvement. Based on the analyses, three models were developed that…

  12. Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth. Human Resources Series.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friend, Shelley A.

    1983-01-01

    This issue brief explores the problem of child pornography and teenage prostitution and examines some of the strategies federal, state, and local governments employ to address these social problems. After a brief review of Congressional actions and Supreme Court decisions, state statutes affecting pornography and prostitution are reviewed, and…

  13. A Descriptive Study on Sexually Exploited Children in Residential Treatment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Twill, Sarah E.; Green, Denise M.; Traylor, Amy

    2010-01-01

    Sexual exploitation and prostitution of children and adolescents is a multibillion dollar industry in the United States (Estes and Weiner in "Medical, legal & social science aspects of child sexual exploitation: A comprehensive review of pornography, prostitution, and internet crimes, vol I," G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc, St Louis,…

  14. Antonio Tabucchi, La testa perduta di Damasceno Monteiro, Milano ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    Fernando de Mello Sequeira to investigate the case and prove. Silva's guilt. At the hearing, Silva is acquitted for lack of conclusive evidence. Some time after the case, Mello discovers that one of his clients, a transvestite prostitute, "Wanda", arrested for prostitution, happened to witness how Silva murdered Damasceno.

  15. Commercially sexually exploited girls and participant perceptions of blameworthiness: examining the effects of victimization history and race disclosure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Menaker, Tasha A; Franklin, Cortney A

    2013-07-01

    Prostitution among female youth has been largely misunderstood, trivialized, or ignored. Increased attention has been directed toward juvenile female delinquency, particularly related to the overlap in their status as victims and offenders. Areas in this research continue to be underinvestigated, however, especially with regard to public perceptions of commercially sexually exploited girls. The current study used survey questionnaires to examine participant perceptions of the blameworthiness of a prostituted minor while considering her victimization history disclosure and race. Results indicate that victimization history disclosure significantly reduced perceptions of blameworthiness and reduced blameworthiness operated similarly for Caucasian and African American females forced into prostitution. Further research directions are discussed.

  16. Needs Assessment of Female Street Kids: Children in Danger.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ivers, Kathryn J.; Carlson, Helena M.

    This report presents an assessment of the situation of homeless girls, paying particular attention to the issue of juvenile prostitution. A review of research on prostitutes was conducted, and common elements that seem to present themselves in these studies are identified, including sexual and/or physical abuse, runaway/throwaway status,…

  17. A Storyville Education: Spatial Practices and the Learned Sex Trade in the City That Care Forgot

    Science.gov (United States)

    Platt, R. Eric; Hill, Lilian H.

    2014-01-01

    Storyville, the legalized red-light district of New Orleans (1897-1917), was a designated space containing informal opportunities for learning in which its residents practiced the sex trade. Although Storyville was created to regulate prostitution, prostitutes and madams learned the city's legal system, politics, and economics to survive in a…

  18. Fascinating Machismo: Toward an Unmasking of Heterosexual Masculinity in Arturo Ripstein's "El Lugar sin Limites."

    Science.gov (United States)

    de la Mora, Sergio

    1993-01-01

    Provides a genealogy of the "fichera" (cabaret dancer/prostitute) genre in Mexican cinema, moving from the figure of the female prostitute to that of the "queen" homosexual type. Discusses the ideological function of homosexual stereotyping and to the way the queen homosexual stereotype is deployed to very different ends in…

  19. 8 CFR 204.2 - Petitions for relatives, widows and widowers, and abused spouses and children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ..., including rape, molestation, incest (if the victim is a minor), or forced prostitution shall be considered... abuse in the form of forced prostitution or who can establish that he or she was forced to engage in... mental injury. Psychological or sexual abuse or exploitation, including rape, molestation, incest (if the...

  20. Preparing to Prevent: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Mitigation Scenario-Based Training

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-11-26

    violent acts of a sexual nature, including rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution , forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, mutilation, indecent...marginalization, barriers to economic and political participation, forced prostitution , indentured status, genital mutilation, forced marriages...a sustainable economy . Regardless of their primary intended purpose, patrols and other operations should reduce vulnerabilities and threats related

  1. Speaking about sex for sale historically, spatially and politically

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Spanger, Marlene

    2018-01-01

    This chapter introduces the concept and content of the book to the readers. It describes the aim of the book to be to elaborate the contingency of how we understand prostitution, and argues that it is often taken for granted in debates and scholarship on what prostitution, sex work or sex for sale...

  2. Sheila Jeffreys: The Industrial Vagina. The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade. London: Routledge 2008.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susanne Hofmann

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Sheila Jeffreys analysiert die Prozesse, die zu einer Industrialisierung und Globalisierung von Prostitution im späten 20. und 21. Jahrhundert geführt haben. Hauptverantwortlich für die gegenwärtige Diskursverschiebung um Prostitution ist für Jeffreys zum einen die sexuelle Revolution der 1970er Jahre und zum anderen die massive Finanzierung von Unterstützer/-innen der Sexarbeiterinnen zur HIV-Prävention in den 1980ern. Jeffreys legt wie in früheren Arbeiten ihre radikal-feministische Position dar und fordert eine Abschaffung der Prostitution. In ihrer Abrechnung mit dem liberalen feministischen Diskurs, für den eine Unterstützung von Sexarbeiterinnen prioritär ist, ignoriert sie die Widersprüchlichkeiten und Komplexitäten der gelebten Realitäten. An vielen Stellen ihres Buches bekräftigt Jeffreys stereotypische Männlichkeitsvorstellungen, was durch einen Blick über den Tellerrand des ihr vertrauten wissenschaftlichen Bezugsrahmens hätte vermieden werden können.Sheila Jeffreys analyzes the processes that led to the industrialization and globalization of prostitution in the late 20th and 21th centuries. Jeffreys considers those primary factors responsible for the current shift in discourse on prostitution, which can be attributed to the sexual revolution of the 1970s on the one hand, and to massive financing of HIV prevention in the 1980s by sex worker supporters on the other. As in earlier studies, Jeffreys presents readers with her radical-feminist position and demands prostitution be abolished. In her confrontation with liberal-feminist discourse, in which the support of sex workers takes priority, she ignores the inconsistencies and complexities of real lived experience. At many points throughout her book, Jeffreys affirms stereotypical male conceptions, which could have been avoided had she looked beyond the theoretical frame of reference that makes up her comfort zone.

  3. [No remedy for AIDS?].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramirez, M M

    1993-01-01

    Vila Mimosa, a site of street prostitution in Rio de Janeiro since the 1930s, is the place of work for over 2000 prostitution who charge an average of $3-4 per client. Several years ago the Association of Prostitutes of Rio de Janeiro (APRJ) was founded by Eunice Coelho Reis. APRJ membership has increased steadily and its list of accomplishments is impressive. A state hospital performs free medical examinations of APRJ members, and the Brazilian family planning association BEMFAM provides 180,000 condoms each month. AIDS control projects have also been successful, and no APRJ members have contracted HIV infection. In the country with the 4th highest rate of infection, the rigid norm of condom use adopted by the prostitutes of Vila Mimosa has led to effective prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The prostitutes report however that a large proportion of their clients resist condom use, sometimes violently. The proportion of seropositive individuals who are women has been rising steadily. Family Health International estimates that the proportion of new cases among women has risen from 25% in 1990 to 40% at present. AIDS prevention campaigns are attempting to persuade women to "negotiate" condom use during sex. But power relations between the sexes place women at a disadvantage. Men often make the sexual decisions. Socialization patterns of females in Latin America are oriented to maternity. Passive sexual behavior has become a primary obstacle to adoption of safer sex practices. The World Health Organization estimates that currently 9-11 million persons are latent carriers of the HIV virus. Prostitution originating in poverty and unemployment, the vulnerability of adolescents who begin their sexual lives with little knowledge of contraception or sexually transmitted diseases, and the lack of sex education that transcends the biological to consider interpersonal relations are all factors that hinder AIDS prevention.

  4. Sex Offenses Against Minors in China: An Empirical Comparison.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Ming; Liang, Bin; Huang, Siwen

    2017-08-01

    In recent years, due to a number of notorious sex offense cases against minors, a new punitive public attitude emerged in China and pressed for harsher crackdown and punishment against sex offenders. In particular, an "engagement in prostitution with a minor" law (Article 360 of the Criminal Law) was targeted as "unjust" based on the belief that offenders of such crimes often received "lenient" punishment, and many called for its abolition. In this study, based on 440 adjudicated sex offense cases, we examine potential differences across three sex offenses (including rape, child molestation, and engagement in prostitution with a minor) in the demographics of defendants and victims, offending characteristics, and trials and sentences of convicted offenders. Our empirical inquiry pointed to the unique nature of engagement in prostitution with a minor. Offenders of such crimes seemingly carried a different profile, compared with offenders of the other two sex crimes. Moreover, our data casted some doubt on the "lenient" punishment received by offenders of engagement in prostitution with a minor. Policy implications were also drawn based on our findings.

  5. [Syphilis in Ferrara in the nineteenth century].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Angelini, Lauretta; Guidi, Enrica; Contini, Carlo

    2009-06-01

    In this article the authors highlight the behaviour of government authorities in the nineteenth century in Italy and especially in Ferrara to implement those measures deemed necessary to stem the spread of syphilis in epidemic form through the control of prostitution. Albeit discontinuously and until 1865, corrupted and infected women in Ferrara were assisted and treated by charitable institutions (Congregation of Charity, the Congregation of the Ladies of St. Vincent and the Sisters of Charity at the complex St. Mary of Consolation) since the Ferrara public hospital (Arcispedale S. Anna) could not accept or treat infected prostitutes for economic reasons and lack of beds. Subsequently, the hospital only treated prostitutes free of charge if they bore a certificate of poverty. The other infected prostitutes were sent to the sifilicomio in Modena. The authors also study mortality from syphilis in Ferrara from 1813 to 1899 in order to detect any significant differences according to age, sex and professional status and attempt to identify the stage of the disease (primary, secondary and tertiary), according to the terminology used by the doctors of that time.

  6. Tell Your Story to No One: ‘Re-Servicing’ Virtue in the Magdalen House

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sylvia Greenup

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Thearticle probes the amphibious character of the ‘slippery’ servant-maid who methodically migrates between servitude and prostitution. It focuses in particular on the revision of the servant-maid/prostitute in the 1759 novel The Histories of Some of the Penitents in the Magdalen House, published concomitantly with the opening of the Magdalen Hospital for Penitent Prostitutes as an aid in its object of re-training fallen women for domestic service. The literary re-imagining of Histories is analysed here through its engagement with the most significant topoi in master-servant relations recurring in both anti-servant literature and domestic conduct manuals as well as within the larger context of the so-called Pamela controversy. 

  7. Street Kids: Children in Danger.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beatty, James W.; Carlson, Helena M.

    Federal Bureau of Investigation statistics show a 183% increase in female juvenile prostitution and a 245% increase in male juvenile prostitution between the years 1969 and 1978. Most of these juveniles were runaways who shared a common childhood background of physical and sexual abuse. In 1981, a city task force was created to examine the problem…

  8. A Comparative Analysis of White Slavery in the Modern World.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holden, Richard N.

    White slavery is a slang term which denotes the holding of a person, usually a female, against her will for the purpose of prostitution. A lack of information about the crime exists, partly because of the global nature of the crime. The little public information available shows that historically, prostitution centers were located in New Orleans,…

  9. Outdoor brothel culture: the un/making of a transsexual stroll in Vancouver's West End, 1975–1984.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ross, Becki

    2012-01-01

    In the mid-1970s, following a series of police raids on prostitution inside downtown nightclubs, a community of approximately 200 sex workers moved into Vancouver's West End neighborhood, where a small stroll had operated since the early 1970s. This paper examines the contributions made by three male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals of color to the culture of on-street prostitution in the West End. The trans women's stories address themes of fashion, working conditions, money, community formation, violence, and resistance to well-organized anti-prostitution forces. These recollections enable me to bridge and enrich trans history and prostitution history – two fields of inquiry that have under-represented the participation of trans women in the sex industry across the urban West. Acutely familiar with the hazards inherent in a criminalized, stigmatized trade, trans sex workers in the West End manufactured efficacious strategies of harm reduction, income generation, safety planning, and community building. Eschewing the label of “victim”, they leveraged their physical size and style, charisma, contempt towards pimps, earning capacity, and seniority as the first workers on the stroll to assume leadership within the broader constituency of “hookers on Davie Street”. I discover that their short-lived outdoor brothel culture offered only a temporary bulwark against the inevitability of eviction via legal injunction in July 1984, and the subsequent rise in lethal violence against all prostitutes in Vancouver, including MTF transsexuals.

  10. Vulnerabilidad en Mujeres Prostituidas: Medidas de Protección Legal (Psychological Vulnerability on Prostituted Women: Legal Protection Measures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Gutiérrez García

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Gender-based violence has moved from being understood as a private matter to social problem. This manifestation of discrimination, inequality and power of men over women in the context of relationships is condemn in our country by the Law on Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence 1/2004 of December 28.However, prostitution which has its foundations in the same patriarchal structure has no specific legislation that highlights this fact and condemns it. In our paper, taking as an example the Organic Law 1/2004, we developed a proposal justified on the actions that should be carried out at this respect. We mainly focus on three issues: equal education; discourage demand and protection and assistance to victims. We also bear in mind the need of social intolerance and legal condemnation in relation to the people who get benefits from the exploitation of others. La violencia de género ha pasado de ser considerada un asunto privado a entenderse como un problema social. Esta manifestación de discriminación, desigualdad y poder de los hombres sobre las mujeres en el marco de las relaciones de pareja es condenada en nuestro país por la Ley Orgánica de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género 1/2004 de 28 de diciembre.Sin embargo, la prostitución, que hunde sus cimientos en la misma estructura patriarcal en la que se asienta la violencia de género, carece de una legislación específica que ponga de manifiesto esta relación y la condene. En este trabajo tomando como ejemplo la Ley Orgánica 1/2004 de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género, elaboramos una propuesta justificada sobre las actuaciones que deberían abordarse al hacer frente a esta problemática. Nos centramos principalmente en tres cuestiones que consideramos básicas: educación en igualdad; desincentivación de la demanda; protección y ayuda a las víctimas. Además, resulta imprescindible la construcción de entorno

  11. Syphilis in Colonial Morocco - The Case of Bousbir

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fouad Laboudi

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Syphilis is a venereal disease. Morocco has witnessed syphilis since the fifteenth century and the treatment of this disease remained archaic until the Protectorate was established.With the establishment of the colonial system in Morocco, the phenomenon of prostitution spread. Protectorate authorities designated a particular place in Casablanca for such activity that developed: Bousbir district. The authorities’ efforts failed to regulate and organize such activity because of the development of clandestine prostitution in relation to urban growth and the increase of employed, poor and downgraded urban population, especially among women who practice prostitution, and due to lack of a real social policy of the Protectorate concerning the policy of land-use planning or control that were a priority. 

  12. Successful Insurgent Revolutions in Latin America: Analysis of the Cuban and Nicaraguan Revolutions

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-03-01

    National Guard’s defeat undermined the morale and discipline of the force. Their atrocities reached the highest levels with reports of murders, rapes ...toleration for other forms of illegal activity, especially gambling and prostitution for which 1950s Cuba was notorious, and this further...particular by siphoning off U.S. aid and private investments that poured into Nicaragua. They also benefited from “ prostitution , gambling, construction

  13. Três casamentos e algumas reflexões: notas sobre conjugalidade envolvendo travestis que se prostituem Three weddings and some reflection: notes on conjugality involving prostitute transvestites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larissa Pelúcio

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available A partir de uma abordagem antropológica que dialoga com a teoria queer, analisam-se três experiências de conjugalidade envolvendo travestis que se prostituem, discutindo-se os limites dessas relações, impostos pela visão de mundo que orienta as travestis, pessoas pertencentes em sua maioria às camadas populares e, de acordo com a hipótese que se coloca, tributárias de uma visão de mundo holista. Assim, observa-se que as relações conjugais vêm fortemente orientadas por perspectivas essencialista quanto ao sexo e ao gênero, atribuindo papéis rigidamente estabelecidos para cada parceiro. Ao naturalizar o sexo que exige um gênero supostamente coerente a essa anatomia que elas simplesmente não aceitam como destino, mantêm-se atadas à matriz heteronormatizadora. Informadas por uma gramática de conjugalidade heterossexual, elas encontram dificuldades em elaborar um outro léxico para as relações conjugais.Starting from an anthropological approach which dialogues with the queer theory, we analyze here three conjugal experiences involving prostitute transvestites. We are going to discuss the limits of those relationships, imposed by the world view that guides the transvestites, people that generally belong to the popular social layers and, in accordance to the hypothesis placed here, are tributary of a holist world view. Thus, we observe that the matrimonial relationships are strongly guided by essentialist interpretations in regard to sex and gender, assigning rigid established roles for each partner. When naturalizing sex which demands a gender supposedly coherent to that anatomy they simply do not accept as destiny, transvestites stay tied to the heteronormative matrix. Informed by a heterosexual matrimonial grammar, they find it difficult to elaborate another lexicon for the matrimonial relationships.

  14. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pekerja Seks Komersial Dalam Tindak Pidana Prostitusi Secara Online Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Di Polresta Pekanbaru

    OpenAIRE

    Maulidya, Risgaluh; Effendi, Erdianto; ', Erdiansyah

    2016-01-01

    Arrangements regarding the prohibition of online prostitution has beenformulated clearly in positive law but law enforcement in this case is very difficultto do. This is due to the difficulty of determining the jurisdiction of prostitutiononline criminal act in Indonesia, especially in Pekanbaru become a seriousproblem currently faced. Therefore online prostitution should be addressed in arational way. One rational efforts is with law enforcement policies. The purposeofthis study are to know ...

  15. Using Human Rights to Hold the US Accountable for its Anti-Sex Trafficking Agenda: The Universal Periodic Review and new directions for US policy

    OpenAIRE

    Kari Lerum; Kiesha McCurtis; Penelope Saunders; Stéphanie Wahab

    2012-01-01

    Since the passing of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, anti-trafficking efforts have grown in funding, political strength, and popular-culture appeal in the United States and globally. Particularly influential in shaping anti-trafficking policy in the United States are anti-prostitution advocates who are primarily concerned with rehabilitating sex workers and eradicating sexual commerce. Simultaneous to the development of prohibitionist anti-trafficking and anti-prostitution eff...

  16. Wildlife Poaching: Africa’s Surging Trafficking Threat

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-05-01

    prostitutes , some working in Johannesburg and others flown in from Asia, to obtain licenses in South 4 MALAYSIA THAILAND CHINA VIETNAM HONG KONG...shipments to his businesses in Southeast Asia rather than to the registered addresses of the supposed hunters (the prostitutes ).8 In November 2012...wide latitude during emergency deployments in 2013. Soon after, killings, rapes , and severe abuses were reported and the initiative was ended early

  17. A Contemporary Challenge to State Sovereignty: Gangs and Other Illicit Transnational Criminal Organizations in Central America, El Salvador, Mexico, Jamaica, and Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    2007-12-01

    Criminal values are derived from norms based on slave holding, sexual activity with minors and their exploitation in prostitution, the farming of humans...values from norms based on slave holding, sexual activity with minors and their exploitation in prostitution, the “farming” of humans for body...de Cocaina, abuso de drogas (Coca Paste and Cocaine: The Abuse of Drugs), Lima: CEDRO, 1990, pp. 301-321; Stephen E. Flynn, The Transnational Drug

  18. Gendered contexts: Psychopathy and drug use in relation to sex work and exchange.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Edwards, Bethany G; Verona, Edelyn

    2016-05-01

    Few scholars have examined psychopathology correlates of sex work. It has been suggested that sex work may reflect manifestations of impulsive-antisocial psychopathic traits (e.g., reckless disregard, delinquency) in women more than men. The current work examined relative contributions of drug dependence and distinct psychopathic features in relation to traditional forms of sex work (i.e., prostitution) in women, along with gender differences in psychopathy relationships with casual forms of sex exchange (i.e., trading sex for necessities). Study 1 included 171 community-dwelling women offenders, and Study 2 included 319 participants (42.3% women) with histories of drug use and/or violence. Participants completed the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version, prostitution was measured as self-report and/or public record data across studies, and sex exchange in Study 2 was assessed using a questionnaire based on prior research on sexual risk-taking. Findings across both studies demonstrated that although psychopathic traits, particularly impulsive-antisocial features, were associated with prostitution in women above the use of drugs, drug dependence did not moderate the relationship between psychopathic traits and prostitution in women. Analyses of Study 2 data revealed that impulsive-antisocial traits were associated with sex exchange at low, but not high, levels of interpersonal-affective traits across participants. As well, interpersonal-affective traits were significantly positively related to sex exchange in men and not significantly (and negatively) related in women. In sum, impulsive-antisocial traits related to prostitution among women, suggesting that women may manifest these traits within intimate contexts. Moreover, findings indicated gender differences in the manifestation of interpersonal-affective traits within sexual exchange contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

  19. Gendered contexts: psychopathy and drug use in relation to sex work and exchange

    Science.gov (United States)

    Edwards, Bethany G.; Verona, Edelyn

    2016-01-01

    Few scholars have examined psychopathology correlates of sex work. It has been suggested that sex work may reflect manifestations of impulsive-antisocial psychopathic traits (e.g., reckless disregard, delinquency) in women more than men. The current work examined relative contributions of drug dependence and distinct psychopathic features in relation to traditional forms of sex work (i.e., prostitution) in women, along with gender differences in psychopathy relationships with casual forms of sex exchange (i.e., trading sex for necessities). Study 1 included 171 community-dwelling women offenders, and Study 2 included 319 participants (42.3% women) with histories of drug use and/or violence. Participants completed the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version, prostitution was measured as self-report and/or public record data across studies, and sex exchange in Study 2 was assessed using a questionnaire based on prior research on sexual risk-taking. Findings across both studies demonstrated that while psychopathic traits, particularly impulsive-antisocial features, were associated with prostitution in women above the use of drugs, drug dependence did not moderate the relationship between psychopathic traits and prostitution in women. Analyses of Study 2 data revealed that impulsive-antisocial traits were associated with sex exchange at low, but not high, levels of interpersonal-affective traits across participants. As well, interpersonal-affective traits were significantly positively related to sex exchange in men and not significantly (and negatively) related in women. In sum, impulsive-antisocial traits related to prostitution among women, suggesting that women may manifest these traits within intimate contexts. Moreover, findings indicated gender differences in the manifestation of interpersonal-affective traits within sexual exchange contexts. PMID:27030996

  20. Sex trade, social and legal aspect of the phenomena and the Albanian criminal legislation provisions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurela Bozo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of Article 113 of the Albanian Criminal Code on women. This article appears to be gender neutral, but it’s enforcement affects women disproportionately and face them with forms of indirect gender discrimination. Through monitoring of Tirana Judicial District Court’s decisions, with object article 113 of the ACC, “Prostitution”, for a four year period from 2010 through 2013 and interviews with women who have exercised prostitution, there are brought in attention the profiles of the individuals who exercise prostitution and also social aspects of this phenomena. The hypothesis raised in this paper is that the profile of an individual who exercises prostitution is a vulnerable woman, with low education, unemployed, with low income, who is faced with family and social problems. This paper analyses the relation between the social aspects and legal dynamics of article 113 of ACC. The changes of 2012 introduced in the article 113 of the ACC brought sanctions for persons who buy the service of prostitution reflecting the process of social changes and understanding of gender equality. The issue of the next steps to address this phenomenon is analysed in this article too.

  1. Prekybos moterimis ir prostitucijos aukų reabilitacija ir reintegracija Lietuvoje: situacijos analizė ir galimybių modeliavimas

    OpenAIRE

    Ruškus, Jonas; Mažeikienė, Natalja

    2005-01-01

    While implementing the Governmental Programme of Trafficking in Persons and Prostitution Control and Prevention 2002-2004, the Ministry of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania annually announces tenders for the projects of compulsory social assistance for prostitution victims and their integration into the society. Courses of assistance and measures are yet not clearly defined, a more or less single system for reintegration of the victims has not been developed yet, the net...

  2. Trafficking in Persons Report 10th Edition

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-01

    her to a far-away pro- vince. When they arrived at his home he showed Rathana a pornographic movie and then forced her to act out the movie by raping...310 provides that using children under 16 in prostitution, corruption, pornographic acts or other illegal conduct may be punishable by from seven to...campaigns against prostitution, the proliferation of pornographic material, and the country’s growing HIV/ AIDS epidemic. Papua New Guinea is not a

  3. HIV seroprevalence in various high risk groups at Jaipur

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Narayan Raj

    1994-01-01

    Full Text Available 100 patients of STD were subjected to HIV testing and this included cases of genital warts, chancroid, shyphilis, genital herpes, balanoposthitis and gonorrhoea. 5% cases were positive for antibodies by ELISA/particle agglutination test and all were confirmed by W.B. test. 25 prostitutes showed 28% positivity for antibodies to HIV. This is an alarming fact and more stress for HIV positivity to be given in STD patients and prostitutes.

  4. The Killing of Anwar al Awlaki: How the United States Lost a Crucial Battle in the War of Ideas

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-03-01

    enforcement first discovered and arrested al-Awlaki in San Diego as a regular solicitor of prostitution , a fact that would come back to haunt him...Al-Awlaki’s rising influence in San Diego as a lecturer, preacher and Islamic activist, as well as his penchant for prostitution , set the stage for...against us.൦ After a legal review and recommendation provided by the Department of Justice, President Barack Obama assigned al-Awlaki to the US’s

  5. The Resurgence of Ideology in Bernard Shaw’s Mrs Warren’s Profession (1893)

    OpenAIRE

    Guy, Stéphane

    2017-01-01

    In the last of his Plays Unpleasant, Shaw delves into the economic roots of prostitution, deconstructing the woman-with-a-past sham and its underlying conservative ideology. The socialist playwright and theorist seeks to lay the blame on the capitalist system and on a middle-class public all too eager to ascribe prostitution to merely individual villainy. Echoing the standpoint of Victorian social reformers, Mrs Warren’s Profession explodes the well-made play pattern to shatter commonplaces a...

  6. 「芸娼妓解放」と陸奥宗光

    OpenAIRE

    松延, 眞介

    2002-01-01

    The "Prostitute Liberation Law" (Meiji 5 Cabinet declaration No. 295) proclaimed on October 2, 1872 (Meiji 5) forbade human trafficking and indentured servitude which formed the basis of prostitution. The Ministry of Finance played a major role in the creation of this law since it was based on an opinion document which the Ministry of Finance submitted on July 30, 1872 (hereafter "July 30 Ministry of Finance opinion document") to the Seiin (the topmost office of the cabinet). Previously...

  7. Understanding Sex for Sale

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    This book Understanding Sex for Sale: Meanings and Moralities of Sexual Commerce is dedicated to the exploration of the ways in which sex prostitution, sex work or sex for sale are taken for granted by particularly looking at how the relation between sex and money is interpreted and enacted....... This interdisciplinary book aims to understand how prostitution, sex work or sex for sale are defined, delineated, contested and understood in different places and times. The book offers contributions from a number of scholars who, based on their on their own research, discuss on going theoretical issues and analytical...... challenges Some chapters focuses on how prostitution, sex work or sex for sale have been regulated by the authorities and what understandings this regulation builds on. Other chapters investigate the experiences of the sex workers and sex buyers asking how these actors adjust to or resist the categorisation...

  8. Materialistic Desires or Childhood Adversities as Explanations for Girls' Trading Sex for Benefits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Juyoung; Morash, Merry

    2016-01-01

    This study investigates whether high school and younger South Korean girls trade sex with middle-aged men for benefits due to cultural emphasis on materialism/consumerism, childhood adversities, or both. This form of prostitution, referred to as "compensated dating," is common in economically developed East Asian Countries, where there is debate about its causes. Purposeful sampling was used to select a diverse group of 25 girls who described involvement in compensated dating, and a life calendar method was used to guide the interview. The rich data were subjected to thematic analysis to show the nature of prostitution involvement, precursors, and motivations. Data analysis revealed that sole reliance on materialistic desire as an explanation of prostitution obscures the influence of peer pressure and family dysfunction. Findings suggest the need for social services rather than punitive responses to girls involved in compensated dating. © The Author(s) 2014.

  9. Science.gov (United States)

    Simoes, Elisabeth; Gostomzyk, Johannes; Brucker, Sara Yvonne; Graf, Joachim

    2017-01-01

    Introduction There has been very little medical research into pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution, even though the associated health risks for mother and child, e.g. violence or maternal drug abuse, are well known. The aim of this study was to compile and summarize what is known (inter-)nationally about this topic and identify key points of support as part of a uniform standard of healthcare in pregnancy. Material and Methods A selective search of the literature was done in Pubmed and Livivo/Medpilot and in the databases NIH, Cochrane, DARE, NHSEED and HTA on the factors influencing preterm delivery. Results There are no systematic studies on pregnancy risks in the context of sexual services. But there is data available on specific risk factors, for example the increased risk of prematurity associated with sexual/physical violence (OR = 1.28–4.7). The Prostitute Protection Act provides only limited protection for affected women, and statutory maternity protection regulations also have little impact as they require a formal contract of employment which rarely exists even in the context of legal prostitution. Conclusion Approximately 400 000 women are currently working as prostitutes in the Federal Republic of Germany. The number of unreported cases is high. Nevertheless, there is little concrete data available on the probable health risks if these women become pregnant. The existing laws that should offer protection fall short of the mark. There is a need for more research into the future implementation of the Prostitute Protection Act which should focus on health counselling, health promotion and additional protective legislation. Low-threshold healthcare services offered in the context of prenatal care could be an opportunity to improve care. PMID:28553000

  10. Důvody prostituce v Jihočeském kraji

    OpenAIRE

    DOSCHKO, Václav

    2008-01-01

    The Bachelor's thesis deals with prostitution issues in the South Bohemian region and its development through the secondary and content analysis of data gained from the Czech Republic police, from the Management of South Bohemia. The prostitution accompanies the humankind the all time of its being. It is possible to define it in this way: Everybody who has sex or carries out an activity for purpose of sexual satisfaction for a consideration or in order to gain certain advantage or interest, w...

  11. Rezension zu: Sheila Jeffreys: The Industrial Vagina. The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade. London: Routledge 2008.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susanne Hofmann

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Sheila Jeffreys analysiert die Prozesse, die zu einer Industrialisierung und Globalisierung von Prostitution im späten 20. und 21. Jahrhundert geführt haben. Hauptverantwortlich für die gegenwärtige Diskursverschiebung um Prostitution ist für Jeffreys zum einen die sexuelle Revolution der 1970er Jahre und zum anderen die massive Finanzierung von Unterstützer/-innen der Sexarbeiterinnen zur HIV-Prävention in den 1980ern. Jeffreys legt wie in früheren Arbeiten ihre radikal-feministische Position dar und fordert eine Abschaffung der Prostitution. In ihrer Abrechnung mit dem liberalen feministischen Diskurs, für den eine Unterstützung von Sexarbeiterinnen prioritär ist, ignoriert sie die Widersprüchlichkeiten und Komplexitäten der gelebten Realitäten. An vielen Stellen ihres Buches bekräftigt Jeffreys stereotypische Männlichkeitsvorstellungen, was durch einen Blick über den Tellerrand des ihr vertrauten wissenschaftlichen Bezugsrahmens hätte vermieden werden können.

  12. The politics of rape: Traces of radical feminism in Disgrace by J. M. Coetzee

    OpenAIRE

    Barnard, Lianne

    2013-01-01

    Disgroce can be read as a deliberation on rape in all its complexity, articulating and commenting upon many of the positions typical of the radical feminism of the seventies. Some feminists classify prostitution as a form of rape. Prostitution is the ideal form of sex for the main character, David, because it allows him to fantasize that a woman mirrors his wishes. The border between rape and consensual sex is shown to be problematic in the relationship between David and his young student, Me...

  13. Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Objek Kajian Viktimologi Dalam Kejahatan Prostitusi

    OpenAIRE

    Diko Anggalih Utomo dan Fitri Ayu Ranti, Benaya Hendriawan

    2015-01-01

    The continued development of the times many crimes with various styles or modes of doing evil, whether organized or individual person as the perpetrator. Children are often used as a wide variety of crime victims one crime of prostitution. The problem that arises is when the child does not know if they are victims of crime and do not know how to overcome that evil in prostitution environment and continuous recurrence occurred. Then this journal examines a child as an object of Victimology by ...

  14. Country watch. Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szterenfeld, C; Lopes, V

    1993-01-01

    A fictional story using publicity-type language was depicted in an AIDS prevention video produced by the Health in Prostitution Project in Rio de Janeiro to support its work with prostitutes. The video was produced through the volunteer efforts of a professional cast and crew who used cultural entertainment codes to raise awareness. Although both established and new actors participated, the cast was comprised of largely famous soap opera and movie artists. This approach was chosen was the understanding that Brazilians watch soap operas 4-5 hours/day and would therefore readily recognize and pay attention to messages conveyed by the protagonists. The video was shot 2 weeks before Carnival when most actors usually rest and received wide media coverage and attention from the public sector. Prostitutes participated in all stages of production, from script-writing to casting to final editing. The video, Venus Fire, describes a pleasure lottery of which the prize is a lucky condom. The video was officially released on World AIDS Day 1992, and broadcast nationwide in January 1993. It was then subsequently aired in public squares and other street worker sites with question-and-answer sessions and public debates among average audience of 200-300 people. Similar health projects elsewhere in Brazil have also show the film with very good audience response. The prostitutes are happy that their profession is being treated with respect, while clients are attracted by the sexy images.

  15. Tradisi Luru Duit di Indramayu

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sulistyo Budiarto

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Child prostitution in Indramayu has been done for generations and has been formed into a tradition. Prostitution in Indramayu known as the luru duit meaning work for money or livelihood. Referring to the meaning of luru duit, shows that prostitution has been accepted as a form of work, similar to another forms of work. This study aims to identify the factors that influence luru duit phenomenon. Research uses the Etno-phenomenological method. Collecting data through interviews, observation and documents. The result shows luru duit is a planned behavior, it can be seen from three factors interacting. Internal factors include a positive attitude on materialism, the motivation to follow the views of others, the perception of ease on doing luru duit. External factors include micro and macro level. At the micro level includes the ability to access opportunities, namely the lack of jobs and poor education. At the macro level includes social situations, for example, early marriage and divorce as well as the situation of a long history of forming Bong village as the sender area of women for prostitution. The phenomenon of luru duit facilitates by the presence of the figure of the channel. Chanel as a liaison has amode in two ways, namely using violence method, coercion and fraud. The second way is to utilize the victim and the victim's parents desire for a better life in a way to seduce with money.

  16. Gender Integration and the Swedish Armed Forces

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gustafsson, Daniel Marcus Sunil

    This paper discusses different gender aspects of the Swedish Armed Forces with specific references to sexual harassment and prostitution. By using the concept of Hegemonic Masculinity, sexual harassment of the women in the Swedish Armed Forces is explained in terms of a need of the men within...... the organisation to reinforce the notion of women as inferior and subordinate to men, whereby the external hegemony is believed to be restored. Likewise, male Swedish peacekeepers’ demand for prostitution during international peacekeeping missions is explained in terms of a need to confirm manhood and as homo...

  17. Sexual rights and disability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Di Nucci, Ezio

    2011-03-01

    This paper argues against Appel's recent proposal-in this journal-that there is a fundamental human right to sexual pleasure, and that therefore the sexual pleasure of severely disabled people should be publicly funded-by thereby partially legalising prostitution. An alternative is proposed that does not need to pose a new positive human right; does not need public funding; does not need the legalisation of prostitution; and that would offer a better experience to the severely disabled: charitable non-profit organisations whose members would voluntarily and freely provide sexual pleasure to the severely disabled.

  18. Prevalence of Pthirus pubis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) among sex workers in urban Jos, Nigeria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Imandeh, N G

    1993-11-01

    Between May and October 1992, 374 sex workers comprising of 372 prostitutes and 2 homosexuals were examined for Pthirus pubis infestation. While none of the homosexuals was found to be infested, 52.69% of the prostitutes were infested with the highest and lowest infestation in the 40-49 year old group and 20-29 year old group respectively. The educational level was found to determine the extent of disease awareness among the sex workers. Questions are raised about the role of Pthirus pubis is AIDS transmission among sex workers.

  19. AIDS prevention in the sex industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morgan-thomas, R; Overs, C

    1992-01-01

    Most sex work research examines the impact of HIV on prostitutes and on society and involves testing prostitutes for HIV antibodies, but it does not examine the role of others in the sex industry. Sex industry workers include female prostitutes, transvestites, transsexuals, and male prostitutes, bar and brothel owners, taxi drivers, sex workers' partners, and sex business managers. Since sex workers provide sexual services to clients, they are in a perfect position to teach them about sexual health. Society must recognize that we cannot wish the sex industry away and that we need an effective health promotion strategy now. Some successful relevant AIDS education campaigns provide us some guidelines on how to develop campaigns. Any campaign targeting the sex industry should also target the public. Sex workers should participate in developing health messages and educational activities. They should also participate in the project. Any campaign must deal with major obstacles to safer sexual practices of which sex workers are aware and be consulted. Common obstacles are client demand for unprotected sex and irregular and inadequate supply of inexpensive condoms. A health promotion strategy cannot be effective, however, if sex workers do not have access to social support and health care services. Health promotion workers should also encourage local authorities to end discrimination of sex workers so they can freely obtain needed services. In some countries, sex workers operate fantasy workshops providing peers with ideas to sell sex services which reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Other campaigns distribute safer sex messages on small cards, cigarette lighters, key rings, condom packages, and T shirts. Training of sex workers other than prostitutes to reinforce safer sex messages to clients is also effective, e.g., taxi drivers can say they will take a client to a woman who uses condoms rather than to a clean girl. Street theater and puppets have also successfully

  20. Effects of implementing the act of prohibition on sex trafficking on female sex workers' sexually transmitted infections.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Minsoo Jung

    Full Text Available This study investigated the effect of implementing the act of prohibition on sex trafficking (PST on sexually transmitted disease (STD infections among South Korean female sex workers (FSWs working at prostitution blocks. Research data were collected twice through the Korean government-sanctioned survey for female sex workers (1st wave = 1,083; 2nd wave = 926. We examined the associations among health behavior, working conditions, and the effect of PST act via hierarchical logistic regression analyses using propensity score matching. After adjusted covariates, the risk probability was 0.288 times lower among FSWs who had remained in prostitute blocks after the PST act enforcement compared to FSWs who had worked before the PST. Similarly, the risk probability for a gonorrhea infection was 0.219 times lower among FSWs who had remained in prostitute blocks after the PST act compared to FSWs who had worked before the PST. Therefore, this study showed that, besides already known factors, the implementation and establishment of the PST Act was a strong factor that suppressed STD infections among FSWs.

  1. Bedford v. Canada: a paradigmatic case toward ensuring the human and health rights of sex workers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galldin, Karin; Robertson, Leslie; Wiseman, Charlene

    2011-10-01

    The Criminal Code of Canada prohibits certain aspects of sex work: the keeping of a common bawdy-house, living off the avails of prostitution and communicating for the purposes of prostitution in a public place. These legal constraints impede sex workers' ability to practise their profession safely and without risk to their bodily integrity; they also impair their personal autonomy and can lead to their stigmatization. Bedford v. Canada is a groundbreaking case, since the applicants and intervening organizations seek to overturn aspects of Canadian law that specifically put the health and human rights of sex workers at risk.

  2. Sexual behavior of unmarried Colombian University students: a five-year follow-up.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alzate, H

    1984-04-01

    The results of a 5-year follow-up survey on the sexual behavior of unmarried Colombian University students are reported. On the whole, these findings corroborate the earlier data. Coital incidences of 93.9% among males and 38.3% among females, as well as the important role prostitution still plays in the sexual lives of males, show that the double standard is much in force. However, there are indicators of its erosion, such as male students' decreasing reliance on prostitutes as sources of sexual outlet and the appreciable incidence of female premarital coitus, which could reach 50% among those students that eventually marry.

  3. Female sexuality, regulation and resistance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khanna, R; Price, J

    1994-06-01

    India was the context for this discussion of female sexuality, rigid social norms, women's strategies for resistance, the evolution of norms from colonial India, prostitution, myths, and self-help women's activities. Sexuality is a changing set of ideas, and women have contributed to the redefinition. The biological view without consideration of the sociocultural and historical influences proscribes what is deviant and may be used to reinforce patriarchy and colonialism. Management and control of sexuality has been influenced by class, religion, caste, and ethnicity. During the colonial period, women's sexuality and treatment was challenged by the missionaries. The abolishment of "sati" as a traditional practice was used by the British to expand their rule and control over a wider regional area. Attempts were also made to regulate prostitution as means of protecting the health of the British army. The law requiring registration, examination, and commitment for treatment of prostitutes was not adhered to by the women involved. The notion of mothers as irresponsible came into being about 1900, and encouraged abandonment of traditional child- rearing ways for the Western standard of health and hygiene, and lifestyle. In Bengal, motherhood and mother qoddesses became the symbol of the liberation movement. The maternal role could be strengthened through education. The notion of mother and nationhood was supported by the women's movement in Great Britain and the US through positive eugenics ideas of quality race, which supported the ruling elite of British and Indians. Thus, the high class women were to be protected from early marriage, and encouraged to produce children fit to govern; the poor were to be protected from prostitution and overpopulation. Post colonial ideas about sexuality reflected a number of influences both from within and outside India. Health was a focus, and program targets were those who were outside the norm: women with too many children

  4. Safe Harbor Legislation for Juvenile Victims of Sex Trafficking: A Myopic View of Improvements in Practice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kimberly Mehlman-Orozco

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Current social and political realties have focused attention on human trafficking in the United States. Although new mechanisms for criminalizing offenders and protecting victims are increasingly funded and implemented across the country, empirical exploration into the efficacy of these interventions is lacking. This article uses yearly count data on juvenile prostitution arrests aggregated at the state level to explore the criminalization of commercial sexually exploited children post safe harbor policy implementation. Preliminary data from four states suggests that the passage of safe harbor laws may not reduce the number of juveniles arrested for prostitution crimes. Implications for future research are discussed.

  5. La concurrence des experts. Ou qui a le droit de dire ce qu’est la “traite des blanches” dans l’Allemagne de Weimar Competition Among Experts. Or who has the Right to say what Constitutes “White Slavery” in Weimar Germany

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benoît Majerus

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available A travers une polémique qui éclate en 1929 dans le milieu associatif et social juif de la république de Weimar, cet article s’intéresse à la problématique de la constitution de l’expertise. A l’époque, différents acteurs s’opposent, chacun prétendant avoir la légitimité de “dire la vérité” à propos de la traite des blan­ches en Allemagne. Le “champ de la connaissance”, composé d’auteurs issus des sciences humaines comme Max Kreutzberger, s’oppose au “champ de l’ex­périence”, composé de personnes qui travaillent dans des associations juives et qui essayent d’établir un lien entre traite, prostitution et combat moral. Cette po­lémique constitue un cas d’étude révélateur des tensions qui naissent lors de la construction d’un savoir social sur la prostitution dans l’entre-deux-guerres.Through a polemic which broke out in 1929 in the Jewish associative and social medium of the Weimar Republic, this article looks into the problematic of establishing expertise. At the time, various contending actors each claimed to have legitimacy, “to know the truth” about white slavery in Germany. The “field of savants”, composed of authors issuing from the human sciences - like Max Kreutzberger, were opposed by the “the experimental field”, composed of people working in Jewish associations that tried to establish a bond between slavery, prostitution and moral combat. This polemic is a revealing case study of the tensions which arose in the development of social knowledge on prostitution in the inter-war period.

  6. 38 CFR 3.12 - Character of discharge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... aggravating circumstances or other factors affecting the performance of duty include child molestation, homosexual prostitution, homosexual acts or conduct accompanied by assault or coercion, and homosexual acts...

  7. 29 CFR 500.51 - Refusal to issue or to renew, or suspension or revocation of certificate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ..., grand larceny, burglary, arson, violation of narcotics laws, murder, rape, assault with intent to kill, assault which inflicts grievous bodily injury, prostitution, peonage, or smuggling or harboring...

  8. Government crackdown of sex work in China: responses from female sex workers and implications for their health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yingying; Pan, Suiming

    2014-01-01

    The Chinese Government periodically enforces anti-prostitution laws through regular police presence in red light districts and through the arrests of brothel managers and sex workers. One of the most intense crackdowns on prostitution occurred throughout China in 2010. Using the 'structure-agency' framework and ethnographic approach, this paper examines the influence of the 2010 government anti-prostitution crackdown on female sex workers (FSWs). We observed 10 red light districts (6 cities and 2 counties) and interviewed 107 FSWs, 26 managers and 37 outreach workers working with FSWs. The findings describe variations in police practices and diverse strategies adopted by FSWs in response to police actions. The strategies include: soliciting sex outside of establishments in less visible channels, increasing the mobility and flexibility of sex work, changing sexual practices, sharing knowledge of how to identify policemen disguised as male clients and building personal relationships with local police. Our study suggests that, rather than disappearing as a result of crackdowns, the terms and content of sex work changed as a result of the FSWs' responses to police practices. Some of these responses potentially increased the health risks associated with sex work, but others laid the foundation for an effective response to police practices.

  9. Government crackdown of sex work in China: Responses from female sex workers and implications for their health

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Yingying; Pan, Suiming

    2015-01-01

    The Chinese Government periodically enforces anti-prostitution laws through regular police presence in red light districts and through the arrests of brothel managers and sex workers. One of the most intense crackdowns on prostitution occurred throughout China in 2010. Using the ‘structure-agency’ framework and ethnographic approach, this paper examines the influence of the 2010 government anti-prostitution crackdown on female sex workers (FSWs). We observed 10 red light districts (6 cities and 2 counties) and interviewed 107 FSWs, 26 managers and 37 outreach workers working with FSWs. The findings describe variations in police practices and diverse strategies adopted by FSWs in response to police actions. The strategies include: soliciting sex outside of establishments in less visible channels, increasing the mobility and flexibility of sex work, changing sexual practices, sharing knowledge of how to identify policemen disguised as male clients and building personal relationships with local police. Our study suggests that, rather than disappearing as a result of crackdowns, the terms and content of sex work changed as a result of the FSWs’ responses to police practices. Some of these responses potentially increased the health risks associated with sex work, but others laid the foundation for an effective response to police practices. PMID:25226069

  10. Situação de mendicância, trabalho precoce e prostituição infantil envolvendo crianças e adolescentes em Londrina, Estado do Paraná - 2006 = Situation of mendicancy, child labor and child prostitution against children and teenagers in Londrina, Paraná State – 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christine Baccarat de Godoy Martins

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas, a importância da infância e adolescência e a necessidade de proteção deste grupo têm mobilizado sociedades no sentido de notificarem aos órgãos competentes situações de risco em que figuram crianças e adolescentes. A pesquisa, de natureza descritiva, objetivou estudar as circunstâncias da mendicância, trabalho e prostituição infantil envolvendo menores de 15 anos residentes em Londrina, Estado do Paraná, notificadas aos Conselhos Tutelares, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários dos Conselhos Tutelares, utilizando-se formulário com questões fechadas, eanalisados pelo programa Epi Info. Foram estudados 27 casos, 55,6% de meninas e 44,4% de meninos, com idades de 11 anos para os meninos (33,3% e oito anos para as meninas (26,7%. Os principais agressores foram a mãe (37,0% e o pai (37,0%, com idade predominante de 30 a 34 anos para os homens (58,3% e de 20 a 24 para as mulheres(40,0%. Entre os meninos, destacou-se trabalho infantil (58,3% e mendicância (41,7%. Entre as meninas, mendicância (53,3%, prostituição (33,3% e trabalho infantil (13,3%. É preciso ressaltar a necessidade de que a sociedade como um todo combata esses tipos deviolência tão desastrosos para a criança e o adolescente. Deve ser prioritária a participação de todos os segmentos sociais, instâncias executivas e legislativas a fim de formular, acompanhar e avaliar políticas voltadas para a redução do trabalho infantil, da problemática das crianças de rua e, principalmente, da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes. In recent decades, the importance of childhood and adolescence and the necessity of protection for these groups have moved societies towards notifying the competent authorities of risk situationsinvolving children and teenagers. This study aims to reveal the circumstances of mendicancy, child labor and prostitution involving minors under age 15, residing in Londrina, Paraná State, notified to

  11. Child Sexual Abuse

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Showing private parts ("flashing"), forcing children to watch pornography, verbal pressure for sex, and exploiting children as prostitutes or for pornography can be sexual abuse as well. Researchers estimate ...

  12. 75 FR 57887 - Notice of Funds Availability (NOFA) Inviting Applications for the Rural Community Development...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-23

    ... strategic plans for recipients. 6. Funding prostitution, gambling, or any illegal activities. 7. Grants to... economies. 5. The intermediary could provide training and technical assistance to the recipients on...

  13. Nagu teater / Eva Kübar

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kübar, Eva

    2008-01-01

    Sellest, kuidas Von Krahli Teater lavastusega "Homefucking is killing prostitution" ja teater NO99 oma ühiskonnakriitilise ühekordse aktsiooniga teatrite järgmise aasta eelarvekärpe kunstiks keerasid

  14. 8 CFR 1216.5 - Waiver of requirement to file joint petition to remove conditions by alien spouse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... injury. Psychological or sexual abuse or exploitation, including rape, molestation, incest (if the victim is a minor) or forced prostitution shall be considered acts of violence. (ii) A conditional resident...

  15. Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Curtis, Glenn E; Elan, Seth L; Hudson, Rexford A; Kollars, Nina A

    2003-01-01

    .... The report notes the participation of such groups in all major types of crime, including trafficking of human beings and various commodities, financial crimes, extortion, gambling, prostitution, and violent crimes...

  16. 8 CFR 216.5 - Waiver of requirement to file joint petition to remove conditions by alien spouse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... result in physical or mental injury. Psychological or sexual abuse or exploitation, including rape, molestation, incest (if the victim is a minor) or forced prostitution shall be considered acts of violence...

  17. IDEATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF PROSTITUTION IN CHIKA ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    song by the popular hip-hop artiste, Eedris Abdulkareen, about the dismal social situation in Nigeria. She refers to the song to justify the argument that the situation in the country is unbearable and therefore justifies the decision of any young lady willing to go to. Europe for a better life. As the speaker puts it: People knew the ...

  18. Migranter i prostitution klemmes af lovgivning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Spanger, Marlene

    2008-01-01

    Kvindelige migranter, der prostituerer sig, er en potentielt udsat gruppe, der ofte kommer i klemme mellem to politikområder - myndighedernes menneskehandelsindsats og ægteskabssammenføringslovgivningen....

  19. IDEATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF PROSTITUTION IN CHIKA ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    manifestation in literary discourse represents social experiences in real life situations. Working .... experience of the world are words and meanings mediated by. 242 .... not pre-empted her by covering her mouth with one broad palm and smothering ..... Media studies: Media content and Media Audience edited by. Pieter J.

  20. Trafficking in Persons: The U.S. and International Response

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Miko, Francis T

    2006-01-01

    Trafficking in people for prostitution and forced labor is one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community...

  1. 45 CFR 1626.2 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    .... Psychological or sexual abuse or exploitation, including rape, molestation, incest (if the victim is a minor), or forced prostitution shall be considered acts of violence. Other abusive actions may also be acts...

  2. Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Seelke, Clare R; Siskin, Alison

    2008-01-01

    Trafficking in people for prostitution and forced labor is one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community...

  3. Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Ribando, Claire M

    2007-01-01

    Trafficking in people for prostitution and forced labor is one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community...

  4. Colombia: crusading efforts bring signs of progress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kendall, S

    1989-01-01

    Colombia, like many developing countries, has not committed resources to fight the AIDS problem. They have used the media for condom promotion and other sexually transmitted diseases. There have been 151 deaths caused by AIDS by the end of 1988; 344 cases are known, and 130 additional have tested positive to the virus. Health officials were reluctant to recognize the problem, thinking it was outside their country and that they would not be affected by it. Since then, they have tried to target high risk groups and educate them and assist with testing and counseling. There is a move to make the new drug zidovudine available, but few could afford its high price. The authorities have put transvestite prostitutes in jail and kept them for AIDS testing, but few woman prostitutes have been tested. Up until 1986, only 30% of the Red Cross blood bank supplies were being tested; now 80% are, although it comprises only about 40% of the total supply. Drugs are used heavily, but mostly smoked, in Colombia, yet there is some concern about increased use of needles. The majority of cases in Columbia have been homosexual and bisexual men, but prostitution among men and women is prevalent in large cities such as Bogota. Health officials state that education is the best deterrent, but must be perpetuated so people will be constantly reminded.

  5. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Study on Reproductive Health ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Erah

    2009-12-04

    Dec 4, 2009 ... perception, STIs and HIV/AIDS, family planning, male-female relationship, and vulnerability to sexual violence. The data ... abnormality (Center for Reproductive Law and ...... the example of Ghanaian prostitutes in the.

  6. The origins of AIDS

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Pepin, Jacques

    2011-01-01

    ... first officially identified in 1981. The book focuses on the specific circumstances in Leopoldville, the capital of the Belgian Congo, where urbanization, the spread of prostitution, and medical interventions to control the incidence...

  7. The Trickster, the Bad Nigga, and the New Urban Ethnography: An Initial Report and Editorial Coda

    Science.gov (United States)

    Milner, Richard B.

    1972-01-01

    The author first describes a new way of doing ethnographic research, contrasting it with the prevalent academic style, and then discusses the studies of black prostitution done by him and his wife. (JM)

  8. Prostitutionen i København før og nu. Mellem meninger, myndigheder og medborgere. [sammen med Lise A. Frandsen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Niels Jul

    2009-01-01

    Lektørudtalelse: http://bibliotek.dk/pop_vis.php?target=lektor&format=pop_up&ccl=ld%3d(28553153) Prostitution indebærer som fænomen fundamentale kulturspørgsmål. Den offentlige debat kører aktuelt i højeste gear og rejser bl.a. spørgsmål såsom, hvorvidt det er indskrænkning af frihed at kriminali......Lektørudtalelse: http://bibliotek.dk/pop_vis.php?target=lektor&format=pop_up&ccl=ld%3d(28553153) Prostitution indebærer som fænomen fundamentale kulturspørgsmål. Den offentlige debat kører aktuelt i højeste gear og rejser bl.a. spørgsmål såsom, hvorvidt det er indskrænkning af frihed...

  9. Lo sguardo di Briseide. La schiava il testimone/narratore e “noi”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrizia Pinotti

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available The essay addresses, by analyzing and comparing three examples of literary, journalistic and cinematic narratives, the relationship among the phenomenon of modern slavery, sexual female exploitation through deception and force, its representations and the ambiguities of the response to them; the difficulties associated with its legal definition, and the conflicting views of the relationship between trafficking in persons, irregular immigration and prostitution; the ways in which slavery has been explored, discussed, interpreted and narrated in the last twenty years; the impact of reportages and stories focusing on the links between legal economy, global crime and exploitation through coercion of socially and economically vulnerable persons.Keywords: schiava, testimone, narratore, schiavitù moderna, economia globale, trafficking, clandestinità, prostituzione, violenza, viaggio; slave, witness, teller, slavery, global economy, trafficking, clandestinity, prostitution, rape, travel.

  10. Transnational Social Policies: The New Development Challenges of ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Sub-Saharan Africa: Community-driven Social Policies ... After a decade of researchers' breast-beating about its evil impacts, a growing body of opinion ...... The authorities were faced with growing rates of juvenile delinquency, prostitution, ...

  11. Research Article Special Issue

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    pc

    2018-05-16

    May 16, 2018 ... Meanwhile, virtual communication generally involves a community that ... known as “the new modern media”, refers to the emergence and impact of the ... social delinquency such as drug abuse and addiction, prostitution, ...

  12. Chapter Twenty Nine

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    (Feminist) women who say women should live together and all that. I say No. ... However, the freedom which mainstream feminism seeks for women deprives ... That is why she criticises Adaku who opts for single motherhood and prostitution,.

  13. All projects related to | Page 364 | IDRC - International Development ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Topic: PROSTITUTION, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Region: India, Cambodia, Far East Asia, Central Asia, South Asia. Program: Networked Economies. Total Funding: CA$ 330,995.00. Enabling Sex Workers to Document Violence (India and Cambodia).

  14. ¿Mi cuerpo? ¡Mi vida! Voicing Latin American transgenders in Antwerp’s sex industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julie Rausenberger

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Prostitution is a well-known universal social phenomenon, from anywhere and at all times, that attracts many migrants. Yet sex work is clearly not evenly integrated into society. After all, there are still existing dominant conservative stigma that classify this sector as deviant. This causes sex work to exist further in the margins of contemporary societies while, in fact, prostitution is not more than a social construct which can differ in legal and moral terms. It goes without saying that sex workers often lead a double life. Latin American migrants selling sex furthermore live with two double stigma because they work in prostitution and are of foreign origin. If they are additionally transgendered, the stigma is even triple because they are also discriminated because of their sexual orientation and appearance. As an anthropologist, this asked for a broader understanding about the motives and effects of this activity in the sex industry as a Latin American transgender migrant. This consideration has led to this narrative study as a result by deploying the qualitative methods of participative observation and informal interviews. The purpose of this anthropological and phenomenological research project has been to find out who the Latin American transgender sex workers in Antwerp are, why they work in the sex industry, which journey brought them to Europe, how they experience life, how they feel about their bodies, identities and sexuality, and how art is used as a creative coping strategy to escape their remarkable reality.

  15. KARAKTERISTIK PERILAKU MALSUAI SISWA PENGHUNI AREA PROSTITUSI (Studi Kasus Siswa SMPN2 Limpung Batang

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maskur *

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The focus of this study is on the negative behavior of the students that appear to hamper their adjustment ability. Deviant behavior arises from ineffective behavior to deviant behavior inappropriate performed by them, both from the social regulations and religious norms. Self reporting, self-disclosure, and interviews were used to obtain the data. Observations were also carried out to observe the physiological reactions, action subject spontaneity that occurred outside the control of the subject, due to mental stress or feeling, as a subject of psychological phenomena. Descriptive-interpretative analysis, as teoritized by Milles and Huberman, was used to analyze the data. This research found that 51 of the 83 students who lived in the area of prostitution still had a positive self-adjustment capability, although residing around or near the area of prostitution. While the rest (32 students had various problem to adjust their behavior to the school code of conduct, social norms and religious norms. Their deviant behavior appeared in truant behavior. becoming a helper on a truck until cross the province, smoking, rough with friends and teachers, consumption of liquor and dextro pills, like dealing with spirits, search pander prostitutes, to do free sex . The factors that affected the appearance of their deviant behavior was their parents' behavior that was often out of control, as well as family members. Environment and school friends and networks outside the school also became a strong factor influencing the emergence deviant behavior.

  16. The City and the Self: The Case of Girls' Protection in the Netherlands around 1900.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Drenth, Annemieke

    2002-01-01

    Examines educational activities organized by local committees and women's organizations in 19th-century Netherlands to protect working girls from prostitution. Places these activities in the context of the social construction of gender identity. (Contains 27 references.) (SK)

  17. AFRREV IJAH, Vol.2 (4) September, 2013

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    First Lady

    2013-09-08

    Sep 8, 2013 ... include; Religious intolerance, poor leadership, structural imbalance, ... To guide this investigation two research questions were formulated; they are ... Methodology ... include; greed, poverty, alcoholism, drug abuse, prostitution, child ... workshops, consequences of impediments in political development as.

  18. Claims to protection: the rise and fall of feminist abolitionism in the League of Nations' Committee on the Traffic in Women and Children, 1919–1936.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pliley, Jessica R

    2010-01-01

    This article examines the League of Nations Advisory Committee on the Trafficking of Women and Children (CTW) to assess the impact of international feminists on the interwar anti-sex trafficking movement. It argues that women who were firmly embedded in the transnational and international women's rights movement built a coalition on the CTW to ensure the prominence of the feminist abolitionist position of sex trafficking in the 1920s. This position was defined by calls for equal standards of morality between the sexes, resistance to laws that treated prostitutes as a group and infringed on their human rights, and unwavering demands for the abolition of state-regulated prostitution. Changes in the personnel and bureaucratic structure of the CTW and the rising tide of nationalism served to undermine the feminist abolitionists' position in the League in the 1930s.

  19. The Expulsion of "Pernicious" Foreigners in Colombia in Recent Years of Conservative Hegemony

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roger Pita Pico

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available In the early twentieth century occurred in Colombia increased influx of foreigners but also increased political control in the entry and stay of these individuals. As part of social history and documentaries based on archival sources, this paper analyzes the process of expulsion of undocumented aliens and "pernicious" at the end of the presidential government of Miguel Abadía Mendez (1926-1930. This article aims to examine the reasons for these deportations, the measures taken against women prostitutes, the fate of the escapees and absolved and, finally, the complications that revolved around expulsion proceedings. This concern of the government by the presence of foreigners "pernicious" was in the interest of achieving national security through a social model in which were seriously questioned practices such as vagrancy, begging, theft, fraud, prostitution and seditious political activities.

  20. Lo sguardo di Briseide. La schiava il testimone/narratore e “noi”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrizia Pinotti

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available

    The essay addresses, by analyzing and comparing three examples of literary, journalistic and cinematic narratives, the relationship among the phenomenon of modern slavery, sexual female exploitation through deception and force, its representations and the ambiguities of the response to them; the difficulties associated with its legal definition, and the conflicting views of the relationship between trafficking in persons, irregular immigration and prostitution; the ways in which slavery has been explored, discussed, interpreted and narrated in the last twenty years; the impact of reportages and stories focusing on the links between legal economy, global crime and exploitation through coercion of socially and economically vulnerable persons.

    Keywords: schiava, testimone, narratore, schiavitù moderna, economia globale, trafficking, clandestinità, prostituzione, violenza, viaggio; slave, witness, teller, slavery, global economy, trafficking, clandestinity, prostitution, rape, travel.

  1. 02 Barnard WEB 02.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    and consensual sex is shown to be problematic in the relationship between David ... Sheila Jeffreys (Prostitution 259) does not use the word rape, but calls ... The canzone or ballad “La donna è mobile” is from Verdi's opera Rigoletto and can.

  2. Cotrimoxazole Resistant Chancroid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamlender Singh

    1985-01-01

    Full Text Available Four male young adults, after contact with prostitutes, developed clinically typical chancroid which was resistant to cotrimoxazole alone and also in combination with tetracycline. With chloramphenicol, the response was quick and complete with no untoward side effects.

  3. Research on AIDS: knowledge, attitudes and practices among street youth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barker, G

    1993-01-01

    CHILDHOPE (with funding from the United Nations Children's Fund and the aid of nongovernmental organizations in the Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Kenya) conducted surveys of street youth in order to ascertain their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in regard to sex and the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The youth also participated in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and sex education activities. Youth from all 4 sites reported early sexual activity and multiple partners. Sex was used in all 4 sites to obtain pleasure (recreation), income (prostitution), food or shelter (survival sex), and power (gang rape). Philippine youth reported prostitution and survival sex, including homosexual sex, with foreigners and locals. Kenyan girls reported both prostitution (their main occupation) and survival sex. Kenyan males reported prostitution with foreigners and locals, and rapes of girls. In Bogota, males reported rapes of girls, and gang rapes of females for punishment or initiation. They also reported using sex workers and exchanging sex with men or women for food and shelter. Females from Bogota reported that their "friends" sometimes used survival sex to support their children; nearly all had been previously involved in survival sex on the street. Sexual abuse was common in Kenya and the Philippines; some youth in Manila were abused at shelters. In all 4 sites, there was a high awareness of AIDS and STDs, but information was often incorrect, especially in regard to transmission and treatment of STDs. Although nearly all of the youth knew about modes of transmission of HIV, those from the Philippines and Colombia did not have a personal realization or fear that they could contract it, while those from Kenya and Thailand believed they were at high risk and wanted assistance. 20/21 Kenyan girls were tested by the Undugu Society for HIV after detection of current STD

  4. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Plábio Marcos Martins Desidério

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho buscamos compreender as representações da prostituição de luxo, a partir de uma produção televisiva: a série O Negócio, produzida pela HBO. Esta série suscita questões sobre as trabalhadoras do sexo, e, portanto, buscamos analisar alguns discursos e representações dessas mulheres como garotas de programa numa série de televisão. Muitas dessas representações quando se referem a prostituição de luxo procuram evidenciar uma dimensão lúdica, hedonista, sofisticada e consumista, sem, no entanto, questionar as muitas questões que cercam essa prática social.   PALAVRA-CHAVE: Série O Negócio; trabalhadoras do sexo;, representações sociais.     ABSTRACT In this work we seek to understand the representations of luxury prostitution, from a television production: the series O Negócio, produced by HBO. This series raises questions about prostitute, and therefore we will try to analyze some discourses and representations of these women as program girls in a television series. Many of these representations when referring to luxury prostitution seek to demonstrate a ludic, hedonistic, sophisticated and consumerist dimension, without, however, questioning the many issues surrounding this social practice.   KEYWORDS: Series O Negócio; prostitute; social representations.  RESUMEN En este trabajo tratamos de entender las representaciones de la prostitución de lujo, de una producción televisiva: la serie O Negócio, producida por HBO. Esta serie plantea preguntas acerca de los profesionales del sexo, y por lo tanto tratar de analizar algunos discursos y representaciones de estas mujeres como prostitutas en una serie de televisión. Muchas de estas representaciones, ya que se relacionan con la prostitución de lujo tratan de mostrar una dimensión lúdica y hedonista, consumista y sofisticado, sin embargo, interrogando a los muchos problemas que rodean esta práctica social.  PALABRAS CLAVE: La serie O Neg

  5. All projects related to cambodia | Page 2 | IDRC - International ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2010-01-18

    In most societies, sex work is highly stigmatized and sex workers are subject to blame, disapproval and discrimination. Start Date: January 18, 2010. End Date: June 30, 2012. Topic: PROSTITUTION, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Region: India, Cambodia, Far ...

  6. Homeland Security: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Local Homeland Security Organizational Structures?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-06-01

    administration of legal immigration services, safety and stewardship of the nation’s waterways and marine transportation system, as well as other legacy...relating to prostitution , bookmaking, gambling, child pornography, or obscenity  White collar incidents elating to computer crimes  Controlled substance

  7. Human Trafficking as Lever for Feminist Voices?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Spanger, Marlene

    2011-01-01

    that lies behind policies on prostitution by identifying ruptures and discursive struggles which lead to transformations of the policy field. In particular, this article investigates how the problematisation of human trafficking has created space for a feminist discourse breakthrough within the policy field...

  8. A method based on temporal concept analysis for detecting and profiling human trafficking suspects

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Poelmans, J.; Elzinga, P.; Viaene, S.; Dedene, G.; Hamza, M.H.

    2010-01-01

    Human trafficking and forced prostitution are a serious problem for the Amsterdam-Amstelland police (the Netherlands). In this paper, we present a method based on Temporal Concept Analysis for detecting and profiling human trafficking suspects. Using traditional Formal Concept Analysis, we first

  9. National Strategy for the Southwest Border: Having the Desired Effect?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-18

    Colombia . In recent years, Mexican drug cartels have become more sophisticated, more violent, better armed, and have been very successful at establishing...moving into other criminal enterprises such as kidnapping, human trafficking, extortion, and prostitution . The drug cartels’ ability to use their

  10. Sex work, reform initiatives and HIV/AIDS in inner-city Johannesburg ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The paper contends that a legal-rightsapproach to HIV risk and vulnerability, together with powerful public health considerations, render decriminalisation an imperative response to sex workers' material conditions. Keywords: gender issues; health interventions; legal aspects; prostitution; sex industry; sex work; South Africa

  11. Messages of distinction: the HIV/AIDS media campaign in Thailand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lyttleton, C

    1996-03-01

    In predominantly rural Thailand, television is a primary source of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Since 1990, HIV/AIDS warning messages have been aired regularly and repeatedly on television as part of the national strategy to minimize transmission of HIV. The education and prevention messages chosen do more than suggest measures to avoid infection. Within a logic of risk, these messages also define characteristics of people who are signified as threatening agents of infection. In Thailand, prostitutes and drug users are portrayed as the feared Other. Because commercial sex is so widespread, the demarcation of prostitutes as a high risk group signals a diffuse threat not easily subject to conceptual distancing. It is the pervasive and often fear-based associations born of the media material that, in large part, establish the basis for emergent practice when thoughts or actions are triggered by consideration of HIV/AIDS.

  12. Exploitasi Seks Terhadap Anak Perempuan yang Menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang di Lokasi Prostitusi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yustinus Suhardi Ruman

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available The special focus of this paper is the fenomen of girls who become sex workers. They are children under age of 18 year.  This paper will show that the girls who become sex workers were human trafficking victim for sex commercial purpose. The beneficiaries of this exploitation are their parent, pimp, and those who live around of their life in prostitution location. Data is gathered by the researcher with Institute for Community Development and Social Advocacy (ICODESA team which advocate girls as human trafficking victims in interview, observation and discussion. Child sex workers must be claimed as Prostituted Children. Psychologically they have not been able to identify rationally every decision they take; socially and economically they are victims that structurally force themselves trapped in human trafficking. They have no education, no skills needed for industry, and they are also powerless towards patriarchal local culture. 

  13. Religion, male violence, and the control of women: Pakistani Muslim men in Bradford, UK.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macey, M

    1999-03-01

    This paper examines Pakistani Muslim male violence in the public and private spheres in Bradford, UK. The article also explores the relationship between male violence and ideas of culture and religion. The material used was collected over a 4-year period from students and staff in further and higher education institutions; working women (prostitutes); survivors of domestic violence; police personnel who work with Asian women fleeing domestic violence or forced marriages; and staff of a children's society working with teenage prostitutes. Methodologies included lectures, seminars, focus groups, and interviews. Findings reveal that there is a difference between male and female attitudes towards Islam. Some men are using it to justify violence against women, while women of all ages and backgrounds are using it as a source of strength and to negotiate (with ingenuity and humor) the cultural and religious requirements which men try to impose upon them.

  14. Sex in an Imperial war zone: transnational encounters in Second World War India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Yasmin

    2012-01-01

    This article suggests how the waging of war in an imperial setting may have reshaped military and civilian relations in India from 1939-45. The number of troops stationed in India had repercussions for society and local politics. The article investigates widespread prostitution as one aspect of the gendered wartime economy. Indian prostitution was closely linked to militarization and to the effects of the 1943 Bengal famine. The article also argues this was symptomatic of a more far-reaching renegotiation of the interactions between men and women in the Indian Empire of the 1940s. Other Indian, European, North American and Anglo-Indian women worked as nurses, with the Red Cross and in a variety of roles towards the war effort. Women were subject to new social and sexual demands due to the increased numbers of troops stationed in India in the 1940s.

  15. Topiramate in the treatment of compulsive sexual behavior: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zullino Daniele

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Among the multiple mechanisms of action of topiramate, AMPA/kainate antagonism may be particularly interesting for the treatment of disorders characterized by conditioned cognitive and behavioral cue reactivity. Case presentation We report the case of a patient consulting primarily for obesity and cue triggered snacking, who responded well on topiramate at doses up to 50 mg. Coincidentally he reported on an improvement of compulsive nonparaphilic sexual behaviors (consumption of prostitution, which was also strongly triggered by environmental cues. Both addictive behaviors (snacking and consumption of prostitution reoccurred after discontinuation of topiramate and again responded reintroduction of the drug. Conclusion The present case report of topiramate's effect on comorbid obesity and nonparaphilic addiction could be interpreted as a further indication that topiramate acts on the common pathway underlying conditioned behaviors and seems to be a treatment of behavioral disorders associated with environmental cues.

  16. Seldom Heard Voices--Child Prostitutes in Ethiopia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdella, Rahmet; Hoot, James; Tadesse, Selamawit

    2006-01-01

    OMEP has a long history of advocating for the maximal development of the world's children. A plethora of recent natural disasters such as the Tsunami in Asia, hurricanes in the United States, and an earthquake in Pakistan have been major threats to the wellbeing of millions of children. Seemingly endless media reports of homeless, injured, and…

  17. The Prostitution of Psychotherapy: A Feminist Critique.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McLellan, Betty

    1999-01-01

    Provides historical perspective of mainstream psychotherapy and contrasts it with feminist therapy. States the major difference between them is that feminist therapy emphasizes change rather than adjustment. Argues that traditional therapy is charged with reinforcing society's mystifications, and allowing itself to be used in the service of the…

  18. Nurses' Perceptions of Victims of Human Trafficking in an Urban Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Long, Elizabeth; Dowdell, Elizabeth B

    2017-12-15

    Human trafficking is estimated to surpass the drug trade as the leading illegal industry in the world. According to a recent study, over 87.8% of trafficking survivors came into contact with a healthcare professional while they were enslaved and were not identified as a victim of human trafficking. The aims of this study are to understand the perceptions of emergency nurses about human trafficking, victims of violence, and prostitution. A qualitative, descriptive study using a semi-structured interview approach was done with ten registered nurses in a large, urban Emergency Department in the northeastern U.S. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; thematic analysis was performed. Six themes emerged from the interviews including, "human trafficking exists in the patient population" yet no nurse has screened or treated a victim; human trafficking victims are perceived to be "young, female, and foreign born"; all of the emergency nurses reported having worked with or screened a victim of violence; victims of violence were viewed as patients who present as "sad and grieving"; prostitutes are seen as "hard and tough"; and emergency nurses did not have education on human trafficking victims' needs or resources. Emergency nurses should be more aware about victims of human trafficking. The media portrayal of human trafficking victims had influenced the nurses' perceptions of this population. Victims of violence are perceived to be very different from prostitutes, but there is a desire for education about violence as well as information about specific resources open to victims. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. PUTAS Y TRANS. ¿ESTÁN LAS MUJERES TRANS EN LAS NARRATIVAS SOBRE LA PROSTITUCIÓN?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liza García Reyes

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo evidencia los principales resultados de la investigación cualitativa titulada: Putas y trans. Narrativas sobre mujeres trans en España –desarrollada en 2010–, la cual estudió su presencia en textos académicos sobre prostitución en España, producidos entre los años 2000-2009. El análisis de contenido de 34 narrativas evidenció que las referencias a mujeres trans resulta escasa en ellas, aun siendo ellas quienes tienen mayor presencia en la prostitución, en proporción con las mujeres biológicas. Solo nueve textos mencionan la experiencia trans al interior de la prostitución y, entre estos, el asunto solo aparece asertivamente descrito cuando son las propias mujeres trans quienes escriben. AbstractThis paper shows the results of a qualitative research entitled: Hookers and Trans Women: Narratives about trans women in Spain. This study was developed in 2010 and it is based on presence of trans women in the academic texts of prostitution in Spain produced between 2000 and 2009. The content analysis of thirty four narratives showed that the references to in transsexual women in these texts were few, although they have more presence into prostitution, in relation to the biological women. Only nine texts show an experience of prostitution and among these, transexperience only is described assertively when transsexual women write the texts themselves.

  20. Combatting Commercial Terrorists: The PKK Case

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-12-01

    Kurdistan Workers’ Party, drug trafficking, human trafficking, cigarette smuggling, prostitution, extortion, money laundering , Turkey 15. NUMBER OF...91 F. MONEY LAUNDERING ............................................................... 93 G. CONCLUSION...opportunity to launder illegal money . Also, donations from a sympathetic population is another source of money and legitimacy for terrorist

  1. 42 CFR 136.414 - How does the IHS determine eligibility for placement or retention of individuals in positions...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... prostitution; crimes against persons; or offenses committed against children. (f) After an opportunity has been... placement or retention of individuals in positions involving regular contact with Indian children? 136.414... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Indian Child Protection and Family Violence...

  2. 42 CFR 136.416 - When should the IHS deny employment or dismiss an employee?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Indian Child... over Indian children, and it has been adjudicated, pursuant to § 136.414 and § 136.415, that the... violence; sexual assault, molestation, exploitation, contact, or prostitution; crimes against persons; or...

  3. Incorporating Health and Behavioral Consequences of Child Abuse in Prevention Programs Targeting Female Adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buzi, Ruth S.; Weinman, Maxine L.; Smith, Peggy B.

    1998-01-01

    Examined the health and behavioral consequences of child abuse, comparing parenting and never-pregnant teens. Both groups identified major consequences of suicide, prostitution, school drop-out, crime, and substance abuse. Parenting teens expressed interest in prevention programs that would address these consequences. Recommendations for child…

  4. 42 CFR 136.405 - What are the minimum standards of character for individuals placed in, or applying for, a...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... prostitution; crimes against persons; or offenses committed against children, are placed in positions involving... children? 136.405 Section 136.405 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Indian Child...

  5. 25 CFR 63.15 - What questions should an employer ask?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ....15 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT INDIAN CHILD..., volunteer, or employee has been arrested or convicted of a crime involving a child, violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons; (b...

  6. adoption of improved aquaculture practices by shrimp farmers

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dr.Adesope

    The high cases of sexual promiscuity, prostitution, sexually transmitted diseases ... generate tremendous heat, which makes plant growth and man's activity inconducive in areas where it is .... Table 4: Impact of oil exploitation on Sexual harassment ... Industrial growth and environmental protection in a developing economy.

  7. 34 CFR Appendix A to Part 99 - Crimes of Violence Definitions

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... where the victim is incapable of giving consent. (a) Forcible Rape (Except “Statutory Rape”). The carnal... (Except “Prostitution Offenses”) Unlawful, nonforcible sexual intercourse. (a) Incest. Nonforcible sexual... law. (b) Statutory Rape. Nonforcible sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age...

  8. ISLAM IN THE NON-MUSLIM AREAS OF NORTHERN NIGERIA, c

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    QUADRI Y A

    satisfied in a modest way by seeking a woman‟s hand in marriage so that she ... women who work as prostitutes in Iran despite frequent police crackdowns. By .... being reported by a single person and that such a hadīth could not abrogate a.

  9. Gender Differences in Forestalling Anti-Social Behaviours among Student Fitness Aspirants and Recreationists in Nigerian Universities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Okunbor, A. O.; Agwubike, E. O.

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of the research was quadrupled. It investigated the prevalence of anti-social behaviours in campuses of Nigerian universities. Several student fitness aspirants and recreationists perceived examination malpractices (85%), stealing (83%), armed robbery (81%), prostitution (82%), drunkenness (80%), smoking (79%), hard drug consumption…

  10. Night Moves: A Qualitative Investigation of Street-Level Sex Work

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalla, Rochelle L.

    2002-01-01

    The subculture of street-level sex work including the social environment, drug use and abuse, and violence was examined. Personal interviews were conducted with 43 women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Data were analyzed using Phenomenological Descriptive Analysis (Colaizzi, 1978). Several participants reported developing emotional…

  11. Výhradně pro pány tvorstva?

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Altman, Karel

    36/68/, č. 2 (2009), s. 36-52 ISSN 1211-8117 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : Inns * Female Staff * Female Emancipation * Free Time * Prostitution * Czech Lands in the 19th and 20 th century Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

  12. Assessment of Magnitude of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexual ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Bheema

    HIV transmission with drug use and needle sharing, tattooing with homemade and ... it forms high risk settings because of unprotected sexual relations, prostitution, rapes, and .... Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviors of Prisoners ... (76.9%) considered themselves as heterosexual and 3 (23.1%) as homosexuals.

  13. The fight against human trafficking in the Amsterdam Red Light District

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Spapens, A.C.M.; Rijken, C.R.J.J.

    The Amsterdam Red Light District is famous for its sex-oriented businesses. Although prostitution was legalized in 2000, this did not end some of its criminal side effects, particularly the trafficking in women. In an effort to combat human trafficking in the district, the local authorities launched

  14. Prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideations and attempts among ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The multivariate logistic regression showed that smoking, past and present use of alcohol, use of marijuana, and engagement in prostitution, were associated with suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. Suicidal ideations were associated with having been physically beaten, robbed, and assaulted with a weapon; while a ...

  15. 25 CFR 63.19 - When should an employer deny employment or dismiss an employee?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, child exploitation, sexual contact, prostitution, or crimes... GOVERNMENT INDIAN CHILD PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and... convicted of an offense involving a child victim, a sex crime, or a drug felony. [61 FR 32274, June 21, 1996...

  16. Economic Revival: The Key to the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea’s Survival

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-03-01

    Plenum meeting that the Chinese leadership is gradually moving toward more liberal policies by relaxing the one- child policy and eliminating the labor...2006), 37–38. 215 Ibid. 55 Finally, the bustling life even accommodates gambling and prostitution (in the background).216 The picture that has

  17. 25 CFR 63.12 - What are minimum standards of character?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ....12 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT INDIAN CHILD... control over Indian children if he/she has been found guilty of or entered a plea of nolo contendere or..., sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons. ...

  18. International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Bahir Dar- Ethiopia

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nneka Umera-Okeke

    Consolidated Book Publishers, 1975. Print. Ngcobo, Lauretta. “Africa Motherhood – Myth and Reality” in Olaniyan Tejumola and. Quayson Ato. (Eds.) African Literature: A Anthology of Critisism and Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Print. Nwahunanya, Chinyere. “Jagua Nana's Children: The Image of the Prostitute ...

  19. Animal Sex: Purity Education and the Naturalization of the Abstinence Agenda

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sethna, Christabelle

    2010-01-01

    An early-twentieth-century movement for social purity in England, Canada and the United States aimed to eradicate prostitution, the double standard of sexual morals and their dreaded corollary, the venereal diseases. Social purists suggested that "purity education" for children was the best pedagogical prophylaxis against such…

  20. Cross-Border Movements, Female Migration and Human Rights : a ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    This project will examine the relationship between migration, prostitution and trafficking with respect to cross-border movement of women between three South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Researchers will. conduct an extensive review of the literature on female migration in the three countries;; examine ...

  1. All projects related to cambodia | Page 3 | IDRC - International ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Enabling Sex Workers to Document Violence (India and Cambodia) ... Topic: PROSTITUTION, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, ... 2008 has aggravated poverty and inequality through contractions in employment, ... of the H5N1 subtype is a major disease of poultry that affects humans at a low rate.

  2. Adolescent female sex workers: invisibility, violence and HIV.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silverman, Jay G

    2011-05-01

    A large number of female sex workers are children. Multiple studies demonstrate that up to 40% of women in prostitution started this work prior to age 18. In studies across India, Nepal, Thailand and Canada, young age at entry to sex work has been found to heighten vulnerability to physical and sexual violence victimisation in the context of prostitution, and relates to a two to fourfold increase in HIV infection. Although HIV risk reduction among adult female sex workers has been a major focus of HIV prevention efforts across the globe, no public health interventions, to date, have addressed the increased hazards and HIV risk faced by adolescent female sex workers. Beyond the structural barriers that limit access to this vulnerable group, historical tensions between HIV prevention and child protection agencies must be overcome in order to develop effective strategies to address this large scale yet little recognised human rights and HIV-related crisis.

  3. Violence against women: global scope and magnitude.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watts, Charlotte; Zimmerman, Cathy

    2002-04-06

    An increasing amount of research is beginning to offer a global overview of the extent of violence against women. In this paper we discuss the magnitude of some of the most common and most severe forms of violence against women: intimate partner violence; sexual abuse by non-intimate partners; trafficking, forced prostitution, exploitation of labour, and debt bondage of women and girls; physical and sexual violence against prostitutes; sex selective abortion, female infanticide, and the deliberate neglect of girls; and rape in war. There are many potential perpetrators, including spouses and partners, parents, other family members, neighbours, and men in positions of power or influence. Most forms of violence are not unique incidents but are ongoing, and can even continue for decades. Because of the sensitivity of the subject, violence is almost universally under-reported. Nevertheless, the prevalence of such violence suggests that globally, millions of women are experiencing violence or living with its consequences.

  4. Usos y abusos del sistema penal. Su uso como forma de emancipación femenina: un estudio de caso del delito de trata de personas en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Abadía

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available This article examines what changes to the law regarding the crime of Trafficking in Persons has meant for judicial practice. Before the 2002 reform, this criminal offence was described simply as a sort of procuring. The reform moved the crime to a different chapter of the Penal Code: from the chapter on crimes against sexual freedom to the chapter on crimes against personal autonomy and individual freedom. This legislative change means that the crime is not only limited to cases of forced prostitution but also applies to cases of consensual sexual exploitation. Based on a case study, the aim of this article is to analyze how the legislative change has altered judicial practice. The findings presented here indicate that there is a tendency in the criminal justice system to continue operating under the previous logic of permitting the exploitation of sex workers during acts of prostitution, thus undermining the legal effort to criminalize all acts of sexual exploitation, whether consensual or not.

  5. First lady meets AIDS patients in Thailand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1996-12-09

    First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, during her tour of Thailand: 1) joined a panel discussion at New Life Center, a missionary shelter and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) hospice that houses and educates 151 girls from remote hill tribes who were rescued from being, or from becoming, brothel prostitutes or "restaurant hostesses"; 2) inspected a U.S. supported program in Chiang Rai province that provides scholarships, vocational training, and jobs to 1200 girls as income alternatives to their sale; and 3) toured a school that extends the education of girls beyond the mandatory age of 12, the age at which many are sold to Bangkok brothel middlemen. There are 500,000-700,000 prostitutes in Thailand; many die of AIDS. Girls can be sold for $1000 and send money home later; instead of poverty, the family has a new home, a motorcycle, and status. Mrs. Clinton emphasized the lifetime benefit available to a family when a girl is educated.

  6. Senegal: where "card-carrying" sex workers are legal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1995-06-01

    An estimated 1.5% of Senegal's 5 million adult population is HIV-seropositive, with 3000 people having already died of AIDS-related illnesses. Although 75% of those with AIDS are men, women comprise the majority of people infected with HIV. This latter phenomenon is most likely the result of men having become infected before women because of the former's greater degree of travel relative to women. Infection with HIV-2 accounts for 70% of those with HIV, but for only 30% of AIDS cases. HIV-1 is, however, becoming a growing problem since it seems to be transmitted more easily and develop into AIDS more quickly. 15% of prostitutes in Senegal are HIV-seropositive compared to more than 50% of comparable subgroups in most African countries. Experts cannot say for sure why Senegal has a comparatively low rate of HIV, but several factors have been posited as explanations. The comparatively low rate of infection could be related to the long distance between Senegal and the HIV-1 epicenters of east and central Africa, the ability of HIV-2 infection to help the body fight off HIV-1, the strong Islamic influence which has made male circumcision universal thus reducing the risk of contracting HIV, the provision of AIDS awareness and prevention early in the epidemic, and the government's permissive approach to commercial sex. This latter factor is probably the most important related to the current status of HIV/AIDS in Senegal. It has been legal since 1966 to sell sex as long as the sex worker is registered, over 21 years old, has a regular medical check-up, and can present an up-to-date medical report card to the police upon request. This approach was established by then-president Senghor to reduce the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Registered sex workers since 1986 have been tested for HIV, advised on how to avoid infection, and given free condoms. In anonymous questionnaires, 70-75% of all Dakar's official sex workers reported always using

  7. AIDS, individual behaviour and the unexplained remaining variation ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... implicitly or explicitly, as the main explanatory concept for understanding the ... of non-biological factors such as labour migration, prostitution, exchange of sex for ... They have diverted attention from poverty and powerlessness as root causes ... and the other diseases of poverty would build on macroeconomic reforms for ...

  8. Cultural Factors and Program Implications: HIV/AIDS Interventions and Condom Use among Latinos.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yeakley, Anna M.; Gant, Larry M.

    1997-01-01

    Discusses the failure to use condoms among U.S. Latino populations and identifies six "myths" related to traditional cultural values and gender roles, and associations between condoms and prostitution, infidelity, and disease, that prevent condom use in these populations. Suggests ways that programs can address these myths in HIV…

  9. Child Exploitation: Some Pieces of the Puzzle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rohlader, Dorothy

    The report addresses the status in North Carolina and in the nation of child exploitation. Legislative and judicial backgrounds of child pornography and child prostitution are reviewed, and difficulties in obtaining statistical data are noted. Law enforcement issues in pornography are cited, and suggestions for further legislation regarding child…

  10. 児童買春・児童ポルノ等処罰法の検討(1)

    OpenAIRE

    上野, 芳久

    2003-01-01

    In 1999, the Child Protection Law against Child Prostitution and Child Pornography was enacted. It was epochmaking in some respect but controversial in others. This article addresses the positive and negative aspects of this law and provides some suggestions on how to improve the law to better protect children.

  11. Violent Women: Are They Catching Up To Violent Men or Have They Surpassed Them?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flowers, R. Barri

    Current statistics on arrests, convictions, and prison inmates and recent studies on violence by women indicate that the number of women who commit violent crimes is rising. Violent crimes include murder, rape, terrorism, gang participation, domestic violence, and prostitution. The first section, "Women Who Kill," discusses women who…

  12. youth unemployment and its consequences in calabar metropolis

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    LUCY

    property which major cities in Nigeria have been experiencing in recent time. ... many social problems in the nature of crime, prostitution, hunger, poverty ... create decent jobs, as well as free mandatory entrepreneurial education for ... During the Third Development Plan ... sector was allocated 3.2 billion naira of the public.

  13. The American Military Advisor: Dealing with Senior Foreign Officials in the Islamic World

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-08-01

    alcohol. And no culture has ever managed to completely outlaw sexual misadventures. If alcohol flows too freely or prostitutes are brought in after...salary structure set by regulation, or is it based on fees for service, on the order of American waiters and waitresses who receive only a token

  14. 07 Smith 02.pmd

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Owner

    23 Jun 2009 ... Londen: W.W. Norton & Company, 514–22,. Goodwin, Sarah Webster. 1993. Romanticism and the ghost of prostitution: Freud, Maria, and “Alice. Fell”, in Goodwin, Sarah Webster & Bronfen, Elisabeth (reds.) Death and Representation. Baltimore en Londen: The John Hopkins University Press, 152–73.

  15. A Case for Limiting the Reach of Institutional Review Boards

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hessler, Richard M.; Donnell-Watson, D. J.; Galliher, John F.

    2011-01-01

    Institutional review boards (IRBs) governing social and behavioral research seem to systematically exceed the guidelines established by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. We examine a clandestine study of prostitution and another of employment discrimination and conclude that IRBs,…

  16. Micro-Economic Estimation On The Demand Function For ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The article focused on the estimation of the prostitution demand behaviour in Adamawa State. An econometric model was specified based on economic theory and confronted with both primary and secondary data. Ordinary least square multiple regression techniques were adopted and the linear model was chosen as a ...

  17. Has the HIV/AIDS epidemic changed sexual behaviour of high risk ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Uganda, was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to reverse its HIV/AIDS epidemic. Long distance drivers, prostitutes and barmaids have been identified as the groups that engage in risky sex, which promotes HIV transmission in Uganda and other countries across the continent. This paper investigates ...

  18. Early sex work initiation independently elevates odds of HIV infection and police arrest among adult sex workers in a Canadian setting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goldenberg, Shira M; Chettiar, Jill; Simo, Annick; Silverman, Jay G; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Montaner, Julio S G; Shannon, Kate

    2014-01-01

    To explore factors associated with early sex work initiation and model the independent effect of early initiation on HIV infection and prostitution arrests among adult sex workers (SWs). Baseline data (2010-2011) were drawn from a cohort of SWs who exchanged sex for money within the last month and were recruited through time location sampling in Vancouver, Canada. Analyses were restricted to adults ≥18 years old. SWs completed a questionnaire and HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified associations with early sex work initiation (prostitution arrests among adult SWs. Of 508 SWs, 193 (38.0%) reported early sex work initiation, with 78.53% primarily street-involved SWs and 21.46% off-street SWs. HIV prevalence was 11.22%, which was 19.69% among early initiates. Early initiates were more likely to be Canadian born [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.42 to 19.02], inject drugs (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.5), and to have worked for a manager (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.6) or been coerced into sex work (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.14 to 4.44). Early initiation retained an independent effect on increased risk of HIV infection (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.2) and prostitution arrests (AOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.2). Adolescent sex work initiation is concentrated among marginalized, drug, and street-involved SWs. Early initiation holds an independent increased effect on HIV infection and criminalization of adult SWs. Findings suggest the need for evidence-based approaches to reduce harm among adult and youth SWs.

  19. International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) Bahir Dar- Ethiopia

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nneka Umera-Okeke

    these sexual rights of women which often times, leads them into prostitution and ... the inability of the family to protect its adventurous members, ... sexual intercourse with her, without understanding the meaning of the game. ... his friends. ... nightclub after showing her the video coverage on how different men took turns to ...

  20. the reception of the deuteronomic social law in the primitive church

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    of the Primitive Church's social and ecclesiological (self-)understanding, this study highlights ... have been written by Moses as well, the Book of Deuteronomy presents itself overall as a .... to reform society reached their limits when they became economically, socially and ..... sins of adultery and prostitution. In light of these ...

  1. JPRS Report, Epidemiology

    Science.gov (United States)

    1989-03-13

    omitted] Mr Seabourne said 1,027 foreign prostitutes had been discovered working in Yau Ma Tei in the last two years. Malaysian , Filipino and Thai...Dipterygium, Tribulus and Chrozophora have been shown to support the rapid growth and development of those pests, while a pure diet of sorghum retards their

  2. Two Tragic Forms of Child Sexual Abuse: Are They Often Overlooked?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lemmey, Dorothy E.; Tice, Pamela Paradis

    2002-01-01

    The persistence and pervasiveness of two forms of child sexual abuse in particular, pornography and prostitution, undoubtedly lie in the perpetuation of societal norms that unwittingly support such tragic behaviors. Argues that the overall problem of child sexual abuse must be reconceptualized, and in-depth, long-term investigations of both child…

  3. Move towards New ILO Standards on Child Labour.

    Science.gov (United States)

    World of Work, 1998

    1998-01-01

    Discusses major issues to be addressed during the debate on the proposed new international labor standards on child labor. The subject of the standards is extreme forms of child labor: work that is likely to jeopardize the health, safety, and morals of children; slavery; and child prostitution and pornography. (JOW)

  4. A Prospective Examination of the Path from Child Abuse and Neglect to Illicit Drug Use in Middle Adulthood: The Potential Mediating Role of Four Risk Factors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilson, Helen W.; Widom, Cathy Spatz

    2009-01-01

    This study examines prostitution, homelessness, delinquency and crime, and school problems as potential mediators of the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and illicit drug use in middle adulthood. Children with documented cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect (ages 0-11) during 1967-1971 were matched with…

  5. A Plea for a Child-Centered Approach in Research with Street Children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Beers, Henk

    1996-01-01

    Argues that street children's public image does not consider root causes of homelessness or children's perceptions. Notes that the relationship of children to urban life is seldom analyzed, and that references to street girls commonly link them to prostitution. Advocates a more child-centered, participatory approach to research and discusses…

  6. Programme Note: Realities and Opportunities in Ho Chi Minh City.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franchet, Chi Nguyen

    1996-01-01

    The current status of street children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is characterized by marginalization from society through street vending, begging, theft, and prostitution. Evaluation of a drop-in center serving children without family linkages indicates need for needs assessments, follow-up activities, measurement of individual child progress,…

  7. 42 CFR 136.412 - What questions must the IHS ask as part of the background investigation?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ..., exploitation, contact, or prostitution; crimes against persons; or offenses committed against children? If yes... Child Protection and Family Violence Prevention § 136.412 What questions must the IHS ask as part of the...: (1) Has the individual been arrested or charged with a crime involving a child? If yes, the...

  8. Infection among Commercial Sex Workers in Jos

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A study of HHV8 seropositivity was conducted among commercial sex workers in Jos aimed at determining the prevalence in relation to history of STD, duration of prostitution, age and number of sexual partners per day. Antibodies to HHV8 were detected by enzyme linked - immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Advanced ...

  9. Courtly Capitalism

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Brian Benjamin; Jøker Bjerre, Henrik; Ugilt, Rasmus

    “Pretty Woman” is not just a romantic comedy about the perfect relationship between a cynical businessman and a beautiful prostitute. It is a myth on the level of other great foundational myths of Western culture and should be read as such. The film thematizes the relation between romantic love a...

  10. Løgnene er ikke så nemme at huske som sandheden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bertelsen, Bettina

    2005-01-01

    Formålet med denne artikel er at belyse og diskutere, hvordan og hvorvidt prostituion kan forstås som et socialt problem. Dette vil jeg gøre gennem en teoretisk diskussion og analyse af prostitution som et socialt problem belyst ud fra konkrete projekterfaringer. Erfaringerne stammer dels fra...

  11. 75 FR 18760 - Organizational Integrity of Entities That Are Implementing Programs and Activities Under the...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-13

    ...-trafficking as part of the United States' fight against HIV/AIDS. Section 301(f) [22 U.S.C. 7631(f)] of the... physical risks they pose for women, men and children. Several commenters also objected to the Department's... Leadership Act's anti- prostitution provision without infringing upon the constitutional rights of recipients...

  12. Relationship and Perception Between Korea and the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    1990-06-01

    to Korea for the first time, they look exotic. We have ,however, been overexposed to Koreans and therefore are at a disadvantage .[Ref. 87: p.751] The...topics as sweatshops , prostitution, and foreign adoption of Korean children, which prompted a widespread outcry among Koreans. It is hard to believe that

  13. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    chifaou.amzat

    2011-08-20

    Aug 20, 2011 ... meringue, rhumba, highlife, and later on zouk, kwasakwasa, ndombolo, bikutsi, ben skin, coupe décale, etc.), which emerged from indigenous roots alright but in its search for international recognition relied heavily on a for- eign outlook. It was in these new public arenas that early prostitution found.

  14. Situação de mendicância, trabalho precoce e prostituição infantil envolvendo crianças e adolescentes em Londrina, Estado do Paraná - 2006 - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v31i1.5738 Situation of mendicancy, child labor and child prostitution against children and teenagers in londrina, Paraná State – 2006 - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v31i1.5738

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Helena Prado de Mello Jorge

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas, a importância da infância e adolescência e a necessidade de proteção deste grupo têm mobilizado sociedades no sentido de notificarem aos órgãos competentes situações de risco em que figuram crianças e adolescentes. A pesquisa, de natureza descritiva, objetivou estudar as circunstâncias da mendicância, trabalho e prostituição infantil envolvendo menores de 15 anos residentes em Londrina, Estado do Paraná, notificadas aos Conselhos Tutelares, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários dos Conselhos Tutelares, utilizando-se formulário com questões fechadas, e analisados pelo programa Epi Info. Foram estudados 27 casos, 55,6% de meninas e 44,4% de meninos, com idades de 11 anos para os meninos (33,3% e oito anos para as meninas (26,7%. Os principais agressores foram a mãe (37,0% e o pai (37,0%, com idade predominante de 30 a 34 anos para os homens (58,3% e de 20 a 24 para as mulheres (40,0%. Entre os meninos, destacou-se trabalho infantil (58,3% e mendicância (41,7%. Entre as meninas, mendicância (53,3%, prostituição (33,3% e trabalho infantil (13,3%. É preciso ressaltar a necessidade de que a sociedade como um todo combata esses tipos de violência tão desastrosos para a criança e o adolescente. Deve ser prioritária a participação de todos os segmentos sociais, instâncias executivas e legislativas a fim de formular, acompanhar e avaliar políticas voltadas para a redução do trabalho infantil, da problemática das crianças de rua e, principalmente, da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes.In recent decades, the importance of childhood and adolescence and the necessity of protection for these groups have moved societies towards notifying the competent authorities of risk situations involving children and teenagers. This study aims to reveal the circumstances of mendicancy, child labor and prostitution involving minors under age 15, residing in Londrina, Paraná State, notified

  15. Hugh Grant's Image Restoration Discourse: An Actor Apologizes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benoit, William L.

    1997-01-01

    Examines the strategies used by actor Hugh Grant (in his appearances on talk shows) to help restore his reputation after he was arrested for lewd behavior with a prostitute. Uses this case as a springboard to contrast entertainment image repair with political and corporate image repair, arguing that important situational differences can be…

  16. 25 CFR 63.3 - Definitions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... years of age. Child abuse includes but is not limited to any case in which a child is dead, or exhibits... product of an accidental occurrence; and any case in which a child is subjected to sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact, or prostitution. Child neglect includes but is not limited...

  17. 28 CFR 571.72 - Additional designated offenses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... abuse, or child sexual abuse; (2) § 22-2012 (Sexual performances using minors—prohibited acts); (3) § 22... to commit first degree sexual abuse; (6) § 22-2704 (Abducting or enticing child from his or her home for purposes of prostitution; harboring such child); (7) § 22-4102 (First degree sexual abuse); (8...

  18. Childhood Victimization and Crime Victimization

    Science.gov (United States)

    McIntyre, Jared Kean; Widom, Cathy Spatz

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to determine whether abused and neglected children are at increased risk for subsequent crime victimization. We ask four basic questions: (a) Does a history of child abuse/neglect increase one's risk of physical, sexual, and property crime victimization? (b) Do lifestyle characteristics (prostitution, running away,…

  19. School-Aged Victims of Sexual Abuse: Implications for Educators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wishon, Phillip M.

    Each year in the United States, thousands of school-aged children become involved in sexual activities arranged by adults for purposes of pleasure and profit. Nationwide, annual profits from the child pornography industry and from female and male child prostitution are in the tens of millions of dollars. Heretofore, the majority of…

  20. Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A Domestic Problem with Transnational Dimensions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hodge, David R.

    2008-01-01

    The trafficking of young women and children for prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation is one of the most significant human rights abuses in contemporary society. In keeping with the social work profession's commitment to social justice, this article examines the issue of sexual trafficking in the United States. The transnational…

  1. Southeast Asia Report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1985-08-06

    the Senegalese ambassador; Fortunäto Isasi Cayo, the Peruvian ambassador; Ana Maria Gonzalez "Suarez, the Cuban ambassador; and Yi Song-Ki, the...who called Da Nang a city of military camps «ere correct, in the entire city there were only two cinemas but there were large houses of Prostitution

  2. Yo, Hamlet!

    Science.gov (United States)

    Whelan, Debra Lau

    2007-01-01

    This article presents Alan Sitomer, an English teacher at Lynwood High School, and how he teaches his students classic literature through hip-hop. These at-risk students attend a severely overcrowded, low-performing school in East Los Angeles that's surrounded by what Sitomer describes as "gangs, guns, and drugs." Prostitutes work the…

  3. The Initiation of Homeless Youth into the Street Economy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gwadz, Marya Viorst; Gostnell, Karla; Smolenski, Carol; Willis, Brian; Nish, David; Nolan, Theresa C.; Tharaken, Maya; Ritchie, Amanda S.

    2009-01-01

    Homeless youth (HY) who lack employment in the formal economy typically turn to the street economy (e.g., prostitution, drug selling) for survival. Guided by the theory of social control, the present paper explores factors influencing HY's initiation into the street economy. Eighty HY (ages 15-23) were recruited from four community-based…

  4. Applying Deterrence Strategy to Agents of Asymmetrical Threats

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-09-01

    their own rape . By way of example, in a 2012 attack on a resort hotel outside of Kabul, Afghanistan, Taliban gunmen sought to terrorize and kill as many...are the prostitutes ?”194 signifying the same kind of displaced aggression that is posed in attacks on Americans. Ironically, some of the same

  5. AA Ogungbure The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Some Ethical ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AA Ogungbure

    of 1932 in the US, the Guatemala experiments on prisoners, prostitutes and infidels of 1946 .... violated in the Tuskegee Study, with a view to contributing to a more secure future. ... fields of medicine, psychology, civil rights, law, ethics and religion. ..... The Tuskegee Syphilis study has left us with unpleasant memories of how ...

  6. Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em uma amostra de prostitutas de Porto Alegre Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en una muestra de prostitutas de Porto Alegre Prevalence of depressive symptoms in a sample of prostitutes in Porto Alegre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucas Schreiner

    2004-04-01

    investigadas a través del Inventario para Depresión de Beck (BDI. El punto de corte igual o mayor que 13 fue utilizado para detección de síntomas depresivos. RESULTADOS: en la muestra estudiada la edad media fue de 29,6 años (dp 8,5 años, 67% presentaron síntomas depresivos (punto de corte³ 13 con escore medio en el BDI de 19,1 (dp 10,9; 24,7 % de la muestra presentaba síntomas leves, 40,2 % síntomas moderados y 7,2 % síntomas graves. Hubo asociación estatísticamente significativa entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y el uso de alcohol, histórico de enfermedades sexualmente transmisibles y la ausencia de práctica religiosa, (pINTRODUCTION: the prevalence of depressive disorders in the female population in Porto Alegre was estimated to be 14.5%. There are no reports on the prevalence of depressive symptoms or depressive disorders among prostitutes that are a group at risk for mental disorders. OBJECTIVES: the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and to identify associated factors in a sample of Porto Alegre prostitutes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a consecutive and non-randomized sample of 97 women between 18 and 60 years, registered at a non-governmental organization in Porto Alegre was studied using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI after informed consent. A cut off point equal or higher then 13 was used to detect depressive symptoms RESULTS: the mean age (±SD was 29.6 (8,5, depressive symptoms (cut off³ 13 were noted in 67% of the sample, the mean score (±SD of BDI was 19.1 (10.9. The depressive symptoms were found to be mild in 24.7%, moderate in 40.2% and severe in 7.2% of the sample. A statistically significant association was found between depressive symptoms and use of alcohol, and sexually-transmitted diseases, and lack of religious practices (p<0,05. CONCLUSION: besides the high prevalence of depressive symptoms (67% 47.4% of the women studied presented moderate or severe levels of depression. Use of

  7. Prostitution as a Possible Funding Mechanism for Terrorism

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-01

    Costigan & Gold, 2007, p. 4). Locating sources, tracking movement, and limiting resources are beneficial in two respects. The most obvious benefit ...financing through criminal activities (Gunaratna, 2008, pp. 57–58). While many attribute this decentralized, networked, franchisee model to counter...difficulty in subsidizing the franchisees , the global network and affiliates are increasingly relying on crime to fund their operations (Vardi, 2010

  8. [AIDS research and prevention strategies in Thailand].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leisch, H

    1997-04-01

    The first case of AIDS was registered in Thailand in 1984; this syndrome was deemed to be mainly a disease affecting homosexuals and foreigners. However, soon thereafter its incidence among prostitutes and intravenous drug users increased. According to 1995 data, the number of AIDS patients was about 20,000 and there were approximately 800,000 HIV-positive people. A 1991 map of the AIDS incidence showed that, after the Bangkok metropolitan area, the province of Chiang Mai in the north exhibited a particularly high rate of infection. According to a medium-range forecast, by the year 2010 there will be close to 2.3 million cumulative HIV infection cases and 1.2 million AIDS cases in Thailand. This corresponds to an infection rate of about 3.2% vs. the present 2%. It is estimated that about 20% of all mortality in the age range of 20-48 years in the year 2000 will be caused by AIDS. In 1995, the prime minister predicted that AIDS would cause a 20% drop of the GDP by 2000. The boom of the economy in the 1980s and the early 1990s led to migration to the cities, where prostitution and drug use are rampant, as well as to the emergence of sex tourism, mainly from Germany (40,000-60,000 Germans traveled to Thailand in 1990). The age-old tradition among married men of seeking out the services of prostitutes, lack of condom use (only 20% of men intend to use it, according to recent studies), and disregard for the AIDS problem among the populace are other factors contributing to the rapid spread of AIDS. UNAIDS has undertaken sex education and other information campaigns to counter the epidemic.

  9. Myths about AIDS in Cambodia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nariddh, M C

    1994-08-01

    HIV has been reported in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, as well as in the northwestern provinces of Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Pursat, and Kompong Chhnang. Unofficial reports indicate the presence of HIV in three northeastern provinces. According to World Health Organization data, 382 people were infected with HIV in Cambodia as of March 1994, but the national AIDS program estimates that 2000-4000 Cambodians may be HIV-seropositive. Small surveys in 1992 identified HIV infection rates to be 4.5% among patients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and 9.2% among prostitutes. A seroprevalence rate of 4.3% was found in 1993 among clients of STD clinics and others requesting HIV testing. These rather marked levels of infection exist in Cambodia even though HIV was first identified in the country as recently as 1991 among screened blood from volunteer donors. By December 1993, the rate of positive results from blood donors had increased to 1.97%.; the rate of infection among blood donors is expected to double to approximately 4% in 1994. People in Cambodia variously believe that AIDS is nonexistent, AIDS is a problem of other countries, can be transmitted by mosquitoes, healthy people do not have AIDS, a cure exists for AIDS, AIDS can be contracted only from prostitutes, AIDS is the most severe state of syphilis, and AIDS is only a propaganda ploy of condom producers to market their products. It is therefore proving extremely difficult to convince people that AIDS is a truly threatening disease against which they should protect themselves, especially when symptoms are rarely present during the early stage of infection. Health education campaigns, videos, posters, and accurate reporting in the media will, however, help change minds and hopefully induce HIV-preventive behaviors. Of interest, the article notes that virtually every prostitute in Cambodia has at least two-three STDs.

  10. After the forest. AIDs as ecological collapse in Thailand.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Usher, A D

    1992-01-01

    Numerous parallels can be drawn between the systematic destruction of Thailand's forests and the emergence, in the same time period, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as an irreversible societal crisis. Both the disintegration of the body's defense system implicit in AIDS and the erosion of Thailand's ecosystem provoked by deforestation policies are examples of assaults by capitalist economic policies on previously self-regulating systems. Centralization and industrial development have driven a substantial proportion of young Thai villagers to the cities, where they sell their labor as sex workers (there may be as many as 2 million prostitutes in Thailand) or become heroin users. Conservative estimates project 1.6 million AIDS-infected Thais by the end of 1995. Just as generally benign conditions such as the common cold can annihilate a body ravaged by the AIDS virus, Thailand's ecosystem, degraded by unregulated logging and state-subsidized, for-profit rubber planting, is no longer able to absorb natural occurrences such as heavy rainfall. The loss of forestland--the traditional source of food, shelter, tools, and medicine and the repository of cultural icons--has forced villagers to obtain cash to meet their needs, and Thailand's sex industry offers one of the highest rates of remuneration. Legislation enacted in response to AIDS and deforestation shares an emphasis on the victims (e.g., the prostitutes and not their clients or the owners of sex establishments, and impoverished forest squatters rather than plantation companies and land speculators). A powerful, combative environmental movement is successfully resisting government attempts to destroy living communities. Needed as well is resistance on the part of women growing up in the age of AIDS to societal definitions that polarize females (virgins and prostitutes) and uphold one-sided monogamy.

  11. The psychosexual profile of sexual assistants: an internet-based explorative study.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erika Limoncin

    Full Text Available Sexual assistance may have some aspects that resemble prostitution and others that might lead one to think of sexual assistants as similar to a group of subjects whose sexual object is disability (devotees. In this study, we investigate whether a rigorous selection and training process on the part of specialised organisations may reduce the risk of training subjects with an atypical sexual interest and behaviours resembling prostitution.The study population consisted of 152 subjects defining themselves as sexual assistants. Subjects were initially contacted on websites specifically dedicated to sexual assistants and prostitutes. One hundred and twenty subjects were selected, by propensity score analysis, and studied by means of a modified version of a semi-structured questionnaire previously developed to investigate a population of subjects attracted by disability.The study group was composed of 80 trained and 40 untrained sexual assistants, with mean ages of 41.5 (SD +/-12.58 and 44.5 (SD +/-11.62, respectively. A significant number of untrained subjects affirmed that their motivation in carrying out sexual assistance was of a remunerative nature, while this number was lower among the trained assistants (p = 0.001. Nearly all untrained subjects claimed to do one or more of the following activities during sexual assistance: sexual intercourse, oral sex, and masturbation. Among the trained subjects, however, only 47.5% claimed to do one or more of these activities, which means that there is a significant gap between trained and untrained assistants (p<0.0001. The existence of an atypical sexual interest was more evident between untrained rather than between trained subjects (p<0.0001.Sexual assistance represents a way through which people affected by disabilities may attain the right to explore their sexuality in a safe setting. This can be guaranteed only if sexual assistants are trained and carefully selected by specialised organisations.

  12. Sexual behaviour, perceptions of infertility and family planning in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'reilly, K R

    1986-10-01

    Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a particular problem in the developing world. Sexual behavior and rapid societal changes appear to be contributing to the high prevalence. Infertility, a consequence of STD, is seen as one of the most devastating things that could happen to an African woman. Behavioral risk factors for STD include age at 1st intercourse, number of sexual partners and use of contraception. The 1st two indicate length of exposure and amount of exposure respectively. Along with the prevalence of STD in the community, these factors allow an estimate of the population at risk for STD. Demographic risk factors from developed countries may not be applicable to developing countries. Data on sexual behavior in Africa is poor. Great intercultural variation exists. Age at 1st intercourse is earlier in Africa than America, with over 1/3 of African women reporting sexual activity by age 14, and 90% by age 17. Premarital sexual activity is high. Prostitution is widespread in African cities, and has been related to lack of expectations for marital fidelity, premarital celibacy and the infrequency of romantic love. Prostitutes play an important role in STD transmission. Current population growth in Africa has skewed the population towards the young, there has been rural to urban migration, and there are skewed sex ratios with many more men in cities: all of these factors predispose to STD. The high prevalence of untreated STD, resulting in increased infertility acts paradoxically to increase rather than decrease the fertility in Africa. Infertility is devastating for an African woman, resulting in divorce and diminished social status that often leads to prostitution. The fear of infertilty results in refusal of contraception and early childbearing to demonstrate fertiltiy.

  13. Men Selling Sex to Men in Sweden: Balancing Safety and Risk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuosmanen, Jari; de Cabo, Annelie

    2018-04-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine how men who sell sex to men perceive the risks in this activity and what experiences they have of actual denigration, threats, and violence in their relations with customers. We also discuss the self-defense strategies they have used to protect themselves. The study is based on an Internet survey on Swedish websites. Statistical analyses have been carried out, and in interpreting the results, Finkelhor and Asdigian's revised routine activities theory has been used. The results show that the vulnerability of sellers of sex is greatest during the time when the sexual act is being performed, and that this is primarily linked to the customer's antagonism and seeking gratification by overstepping agreed boundaries, particularly with regard to sexual services including BDSM. Their vulnerability was also connected to the seller's diminished capacity for self-protection due to personal and external pressures. A smaller proportion of the men described risk prevention activities. These involved refusing a customer after an initial contact, protecting themselves from infection, being on their guard during the whole process, selecting the place, and deciding not to carry out certain sexual acts. An important implication concerns the occupational health and safety that men who sell sex to men can develop for themselves, while remaining within the law. International studies have demonstrated that selling sex in collective, indoor forms provides the greatest security. For decades, Swedish prostitution policy has had the ambition of reducing prostitution through targeting those who purchase sex, and those who promote prostitution in criminal legislation. This effectively prevents more systematic and collective attempts to create safer conditions for selling sex. In conclusion, it can be stated that while it is legal to sell sex in Sweden, this is done at the seller's own risk.

  14. Early sex work initiation independently elevates odds of HIV infection and police arrest among adult sex workers in a Canadian setting

    Science.gov (United States)

    GOLDENBERG, Shira M.; CHETTIAR, Jill; SIMO, Annick; SILVERMAN, Jay G.; STRATHDEE, Steffanie A.; MONTANER, Julio; SHANNON, Kate

    2014-01-01

    Objectives To explore factors associated with early sex work initiation, and model the independent effect of early initiation on HIV infection and prostitution arrests among adult sex workers (SWs). Design Baseline data (2010–2011) were drawn from a cohort of SWs who exchanged sex for money within the last month and were recruited through time-location sampling in Vancouver, Canada. Analyses were restricted to adults ≥18 years old. Methods SWs completed a questionnaire and HIV/STI testing. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified associations with early sex work initiation (prostitution arrests among adult SWs. Results Of 508 SWs, 193 (38.0%) reported early sex work initiation, with 78.53% primarily street-involved SWs and 21.46% off-street SWs. HIV prevalence was 11.22%, which was 19.69% among early initiates. Early initiates were more likely to be Canadian-born (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 6.8, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.42–19.02), inject drugs (AOR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.0–2.5), and to have worked for a manager (AOR: 2.22, 95%CI: 1.3–3.6) or been coerced into sex work (AOR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.14–4.44). Early initiation retained an independent effect on increased risk of HIV infection (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2) and prostitution arrests (AOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.3–3.2). Conclusions Adolescent sex work initiation is concentrated among marginalized, drug and street-involved SWs. Early initiation holds an independent increased effect on HIV infection and criminalization of adult SWs. Findings suggest the need for evidence-based approaches to reduce harm among adult and youth SWs. PMID:23982660

  15. Curbing promiscuous habits among Nigerians through religious ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The prevalence of inappropriate sexual habit among Nigerian citizens today poses a moral challenge. The idea seems to be that since everybody does it, there is probably nothing wrong with it. It is surprising that many young men and women give reason to justify this evil act. The act of prostitution, adultery and premarital ...

  16. Human Trafficking of Children in the United States: A Fact Sheet for Schools

    Science.gov (United States)

    Office of Safe and Healthy Students, US Department of Education, 2013

    2013-01-01

    Human trafficking is a serious federal crime with penalties of up to imprisonment for life. Federal law defines "severe forms of trafficking in persons." In short, human trafficking is a form of modern slavery. Those who recruit minors into commercial sexual exploitation (or prostitution) violate federal anti-trafficking laws, even if there is no…

  17. "International Criminalisation and Child Welfare Protection": The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buck, Trevor

    2008-01-01

    The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography has two overall aims: (i) to strengthen international criminalisation and (ii) to provide welfare protection for child victims. This article reviews the context of the Protocol including the work of the Special…

  18. Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the United States

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kotrla, Kimberly

    2010-01-01

    By now, most social workers are familiar with the issue of human trafficking. However, many are likely unfamiliar with research indicating that youths constitute the most vulnerable group in the United States for becoming victims of sex trafficking and that most women in prostitution actually entered as minors. Some experts are now referring to…

  19. HOSEA 6:6 AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN MATTHEW

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    that the verse is of particular importance to the first evangelist. Secondly, in .... contributed significantly to the understanding of Matthew's text. The LXX .... abolish the temple, but to reform it by stressing inner purity and not mere ritual purity ... prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you”) probably relates to the ...

  20. Did Adolf Hitler have syphilis? | Retief | South African Medical Journal

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The evidence that Adolf Hitler may have suffered from incapacitating syphilis is reviewed. Rumours that he acquired syphilis from a prostitute at the age of 20 years, with possible re-infection during World War I, can no longer be verified. Evidence is that he was sexually rather inactive throughout his life. Suggestions that ...

  1. Pst Pst (1896-1898. Een erotisch weekblad tussen naturalisme en utopie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janna Coomans

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Amsterdam-based Pst Pst (1896-1898 was more than an erotic magazine. It not only tried to excite and provoke its audience with drawings of naked ladies and obscene jests, it also contained elements of two important literary trends: utopianism and naturalism. On the one hand, it was naturalistic in its attempt to uncover morals and sexual practices that were concealed in public discourse. The magazine ridiculed the double standard of Dutch society through jokes and prints about prostitution. On the other hand, it described the manifestations, mainly the nightlife, of the urban bohemian subculture to which it was - both geographically and mentally - connected. Pst Pst tried to dissociate itself from social conventions by creating a small world of its own. It announced mysterious erotic events, placed extravagant fake advertisements and depicted prostitutes as insatiable, merry young girls. Obviously, Pst Pst was not the only publication engaged in the production of erotica, but in this period it was the only erotic magazine, with corresponding characteristics such as a connection with a specific audience and an engagement with current affairs.

  2. The “Fake Marriage” Test in Taiwan: Gender, Sexuality, and Border Control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mei-Hua Chen

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available According to many reports, migrant sex workers often use marriages of convenience to cross national borders in order to avoid laws criminalizing commercial sex in many destination countries. Taiwan is one of the countries developing strategies to prevent this illicit migration, particularly through the application of a fake marriage test. Based on in-depth interviews with eighteen Chinese migrant sex workers and thirteen officers of Taiwan’s National Immigration Agency (NIA, this article argues, first, that the discourse of “national security” has been widely drawn on to justify Taiwan’s rigid border control at the expense of stigmatized Chinese prostitutes who have been scapegoated. Border control is therefore not only racialized or classed but also sexualized, to the extent that all Chinese migrant women are considered potential prostitutes. Second, this article reveals how the exclusion of and hostility toward Chinese sex workers are simultaneously linked with a gender regime that seeks to exclude Chinese spouses who deviate from Taiwanese gender and social norms. The border is therefore a contested site where gender, sexuality, and nationality are interwoven.

  3. A strategy of clinical tolerance for the prevention of HIV and AIDS in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Y

    2000-02-01

    HIV infection and AIDS create many dilemmas in Chinese AIDS/HIV prevention policy. A strategy of clinical tolerance is proposed to address these dilemmas. The immediate purpose of the strategy of clinical tolerance is to win the cooperation of members of stigmatized groups at high risk for contracting HIV infection and AIDS, which occurs as a result of acts done in private and thus beyond the reach of regulation. The strategy of clinical tolerance differs from both tolerance as liberal tolerance and tolerance as a moral ideal of tolerance. A strategy of clinical tolerance does not ask the government, health worker, health official or the public to change either laws or the disapproval of prostitution, homosexuality and drug use. A strategy of clinical tolerance asks, instead, that we weigh what we may regard as the wrong involved in prostitution, homosexuality, and drug use against the greater evil of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. A strategy of clinical tolerance offers the most effective and practical way to confront a growing and significant public health problem in China.

  4. KESEHATAN SEKSUAL DAN REPRODUKSI SERTA FASILITAS KESEHATAN DI LOKASI PROSTITUSI: COMMUNITY BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH DENGAN PHOTOVOICE PADA PEKERJA SEKSUAL DI GUNUNG LAWU, BALI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Made Diah Lestari

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Sex workers are victims of prostitution because prostitution endangers their physical, social, and psychological health; therefore, a movement/action that empowers the community in protecting the physical, social, and psychological health of sex workers is needed. This study tries to see the views of sex workers on reproductive health and the support of health facilities in their community. The research subjects were female sex workers who work within the scope of localization (complexes in Bali. The research approach used was a community - based participatory research (CBPR using the photovoice method as a media to answer the research questions. Participants were 11 sex workers and social workers in Gunung Lawu. The data were analyzed using a participatory analysis and coding system. The results show stigma and discrimination were still exsist. Reproductive health is important for sex workers, but they realize that the control of their health conditions is on the external side namely the customers, pimps, and the availability of health facilities in their environment. Unfortunately, health facilities are also still limited.

  5. Bulgarian Human Trafficking in Belgium and Proactive Learning Entrepreneurship: Developments 2002–2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johan Leman

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available The paper discusses the mechanisms of proactive learning in the Bulgaro-Belgian human trafficking business between 2002 and 2007 through three profiles, starting each time with a case study. The profiles and cases are the result of an in-depth study of 16 Belgian court files. The study reveals three profiles: post-violent entrepreneurship in prostitution (2002–2005, international and inter-ethnic entrepreneurship in prostitution (2004, and labour exploitation (2004–2005. Each time one can identify learning processes in the minds of the entrepreneurs when comparing their activities with those of their predecessors, as described in previous articles by the same researchers. The image that comes to the fore from our analysis is one of organisations that are successful in all sorts of ways at covering themselves against police and judicial investigations, and that at the same time in many places and many ways – both in the regions of origin and in the country in which the activities take place – manage to infiltrate the economy.

  6. Intimitetens globale bazar

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Heinskou, Marie Bruvik

    2015-01-01

    Recent research indicates that the extent of Western women who intimately engage in relations with men from poor economic conditions in developing countries is increasing. The purpose of the following article is to investigate the phenomenon of sex tourism, prostitution and transactional relation......Recent research indicates that the extent of Western women who intimately engage in relations with men from poor economic conditions in developing countries is increasing. The purpose of the following article is to investigate the phenomenon of sex tourism, prostitution and transactional...... suggests that the process of bargaining and exchange economy represents the social shape of the relationship. As a result of this it is possible to see the transactional economic and sexual processes as a bazaar. The bazaar challenges a traditional conceptualisation of the phenomenon as “sex tourism......”, “prostitution”, “sex work” or sexual oppression while highlighting the fluid social organizations of intimacy in diverse transnational contexts. The article challenges the distinction between the global and the local, and makes methodological use of a more inclusive cosmopolitan perspective. Keywords: Sex...

  7. from diversity to new identity: illness as process in giorgio ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    therapy, exposes the very fears we have of illness: “Illness is a real loss of ..... to a kind of prostitution in the case of Vera's mother. They either ... Additionally, the doctor in “Bahdy” does attempt to understand the brothers' death in metaphorical .... forces and fluids, but in addition he strives to reform this view by presenting ...

  8. The ethics of surrogacy: women's reproductive labour.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Niekerk, A; van Zyl, L

    1995-01-01

    The aim of this article is to establish whether there is anything intrinsically immoral about surrogacy arrangements from the perspective of the surrogate mother herself. Specific attention is paid to the claim that surrogacy is similar to prostitution in that it reduces women's reproductive labour to a form of alienated and/or dehumanized labour. PMID:8778458

  9. Confessions of an Ethics Committee Chair

    Science.gov (United States)

    Halse, Christine

    2011-01-01

    This essay examines the possibilities of being/becoming an ethical researcher in the academy. It tackles this task through the lens of an ethics application by Mary [pseudonym], a PhD student in sociology whose research thesis was investigating the reasons why married men with children use prostitutes. Two analyses are offered of Mary's story. The…

  10. 28 CFR 2.219 - Maximum terms of imprisonment and supervised release.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... contraband into prison 3 years 2 years. 22-2704 Child prostitution: abducting or harboring 3 years (10 years...) or child sex abuse 3 years (10 years if SOR) 2 years. 22-401, 4502 [22-501, 3202] Assault: with... statute for offense circumstances) 3 years 2 years. 22-1101(a), (c)(1) [22-901] Cruelty to children 1st...

  11. Young Sex-Workers in Ho Chi Minh City Telling Their Life Stories

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rubenson, Birgitta; Hanh, Le Thi; Hojer, Bengt; Johansson, Eva

    2005-01-01

    In this study the life stories of 22 sex-workers (age 15-18 years) in Vietnam are organized into three thematic narratives depicting how the girls presented their lives. Poverty, lack of job alternatives and the responsibility to share in the support of their families led the girls into prostitution. Strong family ties gave many girls…

  12. Sexual Exploitation of Children--A Problem of Unknown Magnitude. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Select Education, House Committee on Education and Labor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahart, Gregory J.

    This report contains the results of an extensive literature search by the General Accounting Office (GAO) on the subject of teenage prostitution and child pornography and federal, state and local efforts to deal with the problem. Also included are results of a survey of police departments and mayors' offices of the 22 largest U.S. cities and all…

  13. Pornography and the United States Army: Ethical Considerations and Policy Implications

    Science.gov (United States)

    1991-07-12

    21bid, 9. 2 ethical concepts can helpfully inform Army ethics, values, and practices . Nevertheless, potent non-theological arguments against...prostitutes may, in fact, be pornographic, but the term applies to a wider spectrum of sexual description, explicitness, and practice . Depending on...may depict heterosexual activity, homosexual activity, child/adult sexual activity, bestiality, masturbation , sado-masochism, or other sexual

  14. Intimate Relations between Occupiers and Occupied (Belgium and France)

    OpenAIRE

    Debruyne, Emmanuel

    2016-01-01

    During the invasion and occupation of 1914-1918, German soldiers had sexual relations with local women in Belgium and France. There were many cases of rape during the invasion, but the occupation itself was more characterized by a rise in prostitution. Other forms of intimate relations also emerged, but they generally did not outlast the war itself.

  15. On the Lifetime Prevalence of Running Away from Home

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pergamit, Michael R.

    2010-01-01

    Nearly one in five U.S. youths will run away from home before age 18. Almost 30 percent of these youth will do so three or more times, greatly increasing their risk of violence, crime, drugs, prostitution, STDs, and many other problems. Employing new methodology to yield estimates not available elsewhere, this paper follows a nationally…

  16. Lagos and the invention of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria

    OpenAIRE

    Fourchard , Laurent

    2006-01-01

    International audience; in the 1920s Nigerian newspapers began to report pickpocketing and prostitution by young people. Until the appointment, in 1941, of the first Social Welfare Officer, this was largely ignored by the administration. Then two processes were implemented : ‘juvenile delinquency' as a social problem; and criminalization of a large portion of urban youth.

  17. Download this PDF file

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    macuser

    The management of these three concerns and their ... 4 Luiz and Roets 2000 Journal of Contemporary African Studies 21. ... view – namely, whether prostitution is tolerated within a society – and from a legal point of ...... 63 Cramer's statistic is the equivalent of Phi, where the contingency table is greater than 2x2. 64 The z ...

  18. Child Trafficking: A Hindrance to the Girl-Child Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aibangbe, Mary O.

    2015-01-01

    Child trafficking continues to pose a major hindrance to the freedom and educational development of the girl-child in Nigeria. Most of the girls trafficked are forced into prostitution, forced labour and in some cases as human sacrifice. Some families support this trend because they see it as a means to break the yoke of economic hardship. The…

  19. Browse Title Index

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Items 1 - 50 of 108 ... Vol 7, No 1 (2015), Applying Social Capital Theory and the ... Vol 4, No 1 (2012), Emerging role of media as the language art in children's ... Vol 9, No 1 (2017), Facing the future: between altruism and self- ... Vol 8, No 2 (2016), Ideational representation of prostitution and social meaning in Chika Unigwe's ...

  20. Revenues and taxes from sex work: a critical pespective | David ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Thought there is a high demand for the services of sex workers in South Africa, prostitution is illegal and the state spends millions of rand chasing and arresting sex workers instead of legalizing it so that it can be a legitimate work where millions of rand could be earned by the government as taxes. This paper looks at then ...

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