Verbal behavior

OpenAIRE

Michael, Jack

1984-01-01

The recent history and current status of the area of verbal behavior are considered in terms of three major thematic lines: the operant conditioning of adult verbal behavior, learning to be an effective speaker and listener, and developments directly related to Skinner's Verbal Behavior. Other topics not directly related to the main themes are also considered: the work of Kurt Salzinger, ape-language research, and human operant research related to rule-governed behavior.

La resolución de problemas en la formación del profesorado en ciencias: análisis de las opiniones y estrategias de los estudiantes

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Ana María Guirado

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En la formación inicial de docentes en Ciencias confluyen aspectos que se relacionan con la disciplina específica y con la formación didáctica. La resolución de problemas conjugaría ambos aspectos, constituyendo un recurso didáctico que influye en el proceso de formación inicial y en el futuro desempeño docente. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las opiniones y las estrategias que mencionan los estudiantes, futuros docentes de Ciencias, en relación con la resolución de problemas. Para favorecer la explicitación de las ideas de los estudiantes utilizamos una técnica de frases incompletas partiendo del tronco verbal: «Cuando resuelvo problemas intento...». La muestra está constituida por estudiantes de los primeros años de los profesorados en Física y en Química de la UNSJ (Argentina. Las respuestas se vinculan especialmente con las habilidades cognitivas implicadas en la tarea, con la necesidad de consultar diferentes fuentes y se refieren en todos los casos a problemas cerrados en cuya resolución priorizan la etapa de identificación de datos. De los resultados obtenidos, referidos al concepto de problema que se infiere y a las estrategias que utilizan en su resolución, surgen cuestionamientos sobre la forma en que se está abordando la resolución de problemas en la formación inicial docente..

¿Energía incluyente? Expectativas de participación en el Chile de hoy

OpenAIRE

Marco Billi

2016-01-01

Desde el punto de vista sociopolítico, la distinción de igualdad/ desigualdad se relaciona estrechamente con la de inclusión/ exclusión: así, las desigualdades inherentes en los problemas socioambientales pueden ser vistas, a la vez, como problemas de inclusión: inclusión en el espacio de la decisión, inclusión en el espacio de los afectados, inclusión en el espacio de los compensados. La multiplicación de movimientos de protesta dirigidos a visibilizar estas desigualdades e incluir a los afe...

Expectativas, consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México

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Mora-Ríos Jazmín

2001-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre las expectativas hacia el consumo de alcohol, los patrones de su uso y los problemas asociados a su consumo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en octubre de 1998, en el que participaron 678 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres entre los 17 y 25 años de edad, provenientes de universidades públicas y privadas. En él se midieron las expectativas a partir de un cuestionario de autorreporte, el Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ, que fue adaptado a esta población obteniendo una consistencia interna global elevada (alpha=0.93. RESULTADOS: Del total de los estudiantes, 31% presentó un consumo alto (mayor a cinco copas por ocasión de consumo en el último año, principalmente en los varones, mientras que 17% fueron no consumidores. Mediante un modelo estructural de ecuaciones se estudió la relación entre las subescalas de expectativas, el patrón de consumo y problemas asociados. El análisis de varianza mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre seis subescalas de expectativas (el alcohol como facilitador de la interacción grupal, expresividad verbal, desinhibición, incremento de la sexualidad, reducción de la tensión psicológica e incremento de la agresividad y las variables sexo, consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados (F=5.23, gl=1, phttp://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Verbal lie detection

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vrij, Aldert; Taylor, Paul J.; Picornell, Isabel; Oxburgh, Gavin; Myklebust, Trond; Grant, Tim; Milne, Rebecca

2015-01-01

In this chapter, we discuss verbal lie detection and will argue that speech content can be revealing about deception. Starting with a section discussing the, in our view, myth that non-verbal behaviour would be more revealing about deception than speech, we then provide an overview of verbal lie

Dissociation of neural correlates of verbal and non-verbal visual working memory with different delays

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Endestad Tor

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, posterior parietal cortex, and regions in the occipital cortex have been identified as neural sites for visual working memory (WM. The exact involvement of the DLPFC in verbal and non-verbal working memory processes, and how these processes depend on the time-span for retention, remains disputed. Methods We used functional MRI to explore the neural correlates of the delayed discrimination of Gabor stimuli differing in orientation. Twelve subjects were instructed to code the relative orientation either verbally or non-verbally with memory delays of short (2 s or long (8 s duration. Results Blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD 3-Tesla fMRI revealed significantly more activity for the short verbal condition compared to the short non-verbal condition in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula and supramarginal gyrus. Activity in the long verbal condition was greater than in the long non-verbal condition in left language-associated areas (STG and bilateral posterior parietal areas, including precuneus. Interestingly, right DLPFC and bilateral superior frontal gyrus was more active in the non-verbal long delay condition than in the long verbal condition. Conclusion The results point to a dissociation between the cortical sites involved in verbal and non-verbal WM for long and short delays. Right DLPFC seems to be engaged in non-verbal WM tasks especially for long delays. Furthermore, the results indicate that even slightly different memory maintenance intervals engage largely differing networks and that this novel finding may explain differing results in previous verbal/non-verbal WM studies.

Interpersonal Interactions in Instrumental Lessons: Teacher/Student Verbal and Non-Verbal Behaviours

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Zhukov, Katie

2013-01-01

This study examined verbal and non-verbal teacher/student interpersonal interactions in higher education instrumental music lessons. Twenty-four lessons were videotaped and teacher/student behaviours were analysed using a researcher-designed instrument. The findings indicate predominance of student and teacher joke among the verbal behaviours with…

Aprendizaje colaborativo a través de problemas

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María José Labrador Piquer

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este taller ha sido acercar a los asistentes al aprendizaje colaborativo a través de problemas en la enseñanza de ELE, para ello, partimos de unas nociones básicas de aprendizaje cooperativo/colaborativo y del análisis de problemas, continuamos con el estudio de problemas y finalizamos con una serie de reflexiones sobre la evaluación. Durante la sesión los asistentes han realizado dos funciones: una, como alumnos analizando y resolviendo los problemas y otra, como profesores reflexionando sobre las destrezas practicadas y sobre la evaluación.

Aprendizaje colaborativo a través de problemas

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María José Labrador Piquer

2012-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este taller ha sido acercar a los asistentes al aprendizaje colaborativo a través de problemas en la enseñanza de ELE, para ello, partimos de unas nociones básicas de aprendizaje cooperativo/colaborativo y del análisis de problemas, continuamos con el estudio de problemas y finalizamos con una serie de reflexiones sobre la evaluación. Durante la sesión los asistentes han realizado dos funciones: una, como alumnos analizando y resolviendo los problemas y otra, como profesores reflexionando sobre las destrezas practicadas y sobre la evaluación.

Estudo dos problemas do carteiro chines e do caixeiro viajante

OpenAIRE

Denise Helena Lombardo

1986-01-01

Resumo: Esta dissertação envolve o estudo de dois problemas de otimização combinatória: O Problema do Caixeiro Viajante (PCV) e o Problema do Carteiro Chinês (PCC). Dada uma rede (ou grafo), primeiro problema consiste em determinar uma rota circular mínima que passa em cada nó e o segundo em determinar uma rota circular mínima que passa em cada linha da rede. Embora ambos problemas sejam da classe NP-"árduo" (NP- hard ), o problema do Carteiro Chinês é apresentado na literatura como um proble...

The role of interaction of verbal and non-verbal means of communication in different types of discourse

OpenAIRE

Orlova M. А.

2010-01-01

Communication relies on verbal and non-verbal interaction. To be most effective, group members need to improve verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication fulfills functions within groups that are sometimes difficult to communicate verbally. But interpreting non-verbal messages requires a great deal of skill because multiple meanings abound in these messages.

El riesgo inherente al proveedor como criterio preventivo en la contratación pública

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Juan Pablo Charris Benedetti

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El manejo del riesgo de incumplimiento atribuible a las características de los proveedores en la contratación pública en Colombia se limita a la exigencia de garantías, medidas contractuales de presión o la implementación de cláusulas exorbitantes al derecho común. En tal sentido, el Estado colombiano carece de una metodología para monitorear el riesgo que los proveedores acumulan con el tiempo y el riesgo que les es sobreviniente por circunstancias técnicas, financieras o de mercado; de ahí que no cuente con un registro de información parametrizada para clasificar a los contratistas acorde con su historial de desempeño, calidad y proclividad al incumplimiento contractual. Ante lo dicho, el Estado no cuenta con suficientes medidas previas de mitigación para contrarrestar los efectos nocivos derivados de un reconocido “mal prestador” o de un contratista con potencial de riesgo de incumplimiento medio o alto. Por el contrario, las garantías y exigencias requeridas durante el proceso de selección aplican de igual forma para todos los interesados, sin que haya diferenciación frente a quienes presenten un historial de incumplimientos, multas y/o sanciones, entre otras especificaciones de riesgo. El presente escrito plantea la necesidad de asimilar el concepto de riesgo inherente al proveedor como criterio objetivo y estandarizado, desde una perspectiva preventiva más que correctiva, de tal suerte que el Estado pueda mejorar la efectividad de sus contratos públicos y disminuir la materialización de los efectos negativos derivados de la contratación fallida.

Incongruence between Verbal and Non-Verbal Information Enhances the Late Positive Potential.

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Morioka, Shu; Osumi, Michihiro; Shiotani, Mayu; Nobusako, Satoshi; Maeoka, Hiroshi; Okada, Yohei; Hiyamizu, Makoto; Matsuo, Atsushi

2016-01-01

Smooth social communication consists of both verbal and non-verbal information. However, when presented with incongruence between verbal information and nonverbal information, the relationship between an individual judging trustworthiness in those who present the verbal-nonverbal incongruence and the brain activities observed during judgment for trustworthiness are not clear. In the present study, we attempted to identify the impact of incongruencies between verbal information and facial expression on the value of trustworthiness and brain activity using event-related potentials (ERP). Combinations of verbal information [positive/negative] and facial expressions [smile/angry] expressions were presented randomly on a computer screen to 17 healthy volunteers. The value of trustworthiness of the presented facial expression was evaluated by the amount of donation offered by the observer to the person depicted on the computer screen. In addition, the time required to judge the value of trustworthiness was recorded for each trial. Using electroencephalography, ERP were obtained by averaging the wave patterns recorded while the participants judged the value of trustworthiness. The amount of donation offered was significantly lower when the verbal information and facial expression were incongruent, particularly for [negative × smile]. The amplitude of the early posterior negativity (EPN) at the temporal lobe showed no significant difference between all conditions. However, the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) at the parietal electrodes for the incongruent condition [negative × smile] was higher than that for the congruent condition [positive × smile]. These results suggest that the LPP amplitude observed from the parietal cortex is involved in the processing of incongruence between verbal information and facial expression.

Verbal Reports as Data.

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Ericsson, K. Anders; Simon, Herbert A.

1980-01-01

Accounting for verbal reports requires explication of the mechanisms by which the reports are generated and influenced by experimental factors. We discuss different cognitive processes underlying verbalization and present a model of how subjects, when asked to think aloud, verbalize information from their short-term memory. (Author/GDC)

Algoritmos para problemas de corte e empacotamento

OpenAIRE

Thiago Alves de Queiroz

2010-01-01

Resumo: Problemas de Corte e Empacotamento são, em sua maioria, NP-difíceis e não existem algoritmos exatos de tempo polinomial para tais se for considerado P ¿ NP. Aplicações práticas envolvendo estes problemas incluem a alocação de recursos para computadores; o corte de chapas de ferro, de madeira, de vidro, de alumínio, peças em couro, etc.; a estocagem de objetos; e, o carregamento de objetos dentro de contêineres ou caminhões-baú. Nesta tese investigamos problemas de Corte e Empacotament...

The Effects of Verbal and Non-Verbal Features on the Reception of DRTV Commercials

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Smiljana Komar

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Analyses of consumer response are important for successful advertising as they help advertisers to find new, original and successful ways of persuasion. Successful advertisements have to boost the product’s benefits but they also have to appeal to consumers’ emotions. In TV advertisements, this is done by means of verbal and non-verbal strategies. The paper presents the results of an empirical investigation whose purpose was to examine the viewers’ emotional responses to a DRTV commercial induced by different verbal and non-verbal features, the amount of credibility and persuasiveness of the commercial and its general acceptability. Our findings indicate that (1 an overload of the same verbal and non-verbal information decreases persuasion; and (2 highly marked prosodic delivery is either exaggerated or funny, while the speaker is perceived as annoying.

Mecánica de suelos : problemas resueltos

OpenAIRE

Olivella Pastallé, Sebastià

2001-01-01

Esta publicación contiene una colección de problemas resueltos de mecánica de suelos que ha sido preparada para los estudios de ingeniería técnica de obras públicas que se imparten en la UPC. Se trata de una titulación de primer ciclo, por lo que el enfoque que se da a los problemas se centra en aspectos de concepto y no requiere la realización de desarrollos matemáticos. Incluye problemas relativos a propiedades básicas de los suelos, aspectos básicos de la mecánica de medios porosos indefor...

Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication and Coordination in Mission Control

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Vinkhuyzen, Erik; Norvig, Peter (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

In this talk I will present some video-materials gathered in Mission Control during simulations. The focus of the presentation will be on verbal and non-verbal communication between the officers in the front and backroom, especially the practices that have evolved around a peculiar communications technology called voice loops.

Motor system contributions to verbal and non-verbal working memory

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Diana A Liao

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Working memory (WM involves the ability to maintain and manipulate information held in mind. Neuroimaging studies have shown that secondary motor areas activate during WM for verbal content (e.g., words or letters, in the absence of primary motor area activation. This activation pattern may reflect an inner speech mechanism supporting online phonological rehearsal. Here, we examined the causal relationship between motor system activity and WM processing by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS to manipulate motor system activity during WM rehearsal. We tested WM performance for verbalizable (words and pseudowords and non-verbalizable (Chinese characters visual information. We predicted that disruption of motor circuits would specifically affect WM processing of verbalizable information. We found that TMS targeting motor cortex slowed response times on verbal WM trials with high (pseudoword vs. low (real word phonological load. However, non-verbal WM trials were also significantly slowed with motor TMS. WM performance was unaffected by sham stimulation or TMS over visual cortex. Self-reported use of motor strategy predicted the degree of motor stimulation disruption on WM performance. These results provide evidence of the motor system’s contributions to verbal and non-verbal WM processing. We speculate that the motor system supports WM by creating motor traces consistent with the type of information being rehearsed during maintenance.

Problemas de investigación en contabilidad y problemas de la investigación en contabilidad

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Henry Antonio Romero León

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este escrito se plantean dos problemáticas que padece el mundo contable en su concepción de la investigación y en la ejecución de la misma como proceso dinamizador de la disciplina. Se precisan problemas de investigación y problemas de la investigación contable, que derivan en el diagnóstico y descripción de aspectos generadores de trabas en la investigación. A manera de ejemplo se presentan investigaciones en orden de las grandes temáticas de investigación a través de las revistas académicas más representativas con la intención de evidenciar la investigación contable mundial. La problemática que guía la argumentación es la necesidad de distinguir dos ejes problemáticos en la investigación contable que hacen de este ejercicio una actividad que históricamente marcha a pasos lentos, buscando así comprender que con las aclaraciones conceptuales y analíticas en las concepciones que gobiernan el conocimiento contable, se pueda contribuir al desempantanamiento de este asunto. Se logra establecer que no es lo mismo los problemas como motivadores de la investigación, que los problemas que giran alrededor de la investigación como actividad humana.Palabras Clave: problemas de investigación en contabilidad; problemas de la investigación en contabilidad epistemología contable; ontología contable; investigación; problema; giro epistemológico.Research problems in accounting and problems in accounting research.AbstractThere are two questions being raised here regarding the accounting research and foundational research problems in accounting as a dynamizing agent of the discipline progress. Research problems in accounting and problems in accounting research derived therein have been discussed, through a diagnostic process, including a description of the main issues in these problematic research areas. By way of example, research topics published in the main accounting journals will be presented, with the intent to overview the

Ideología y Matemáticas

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de Otto Lopez, B.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Un problema común a todos aquéllos que se dedican a pensar, investigar y, sobre todo, a enseñar, es el derivado de la información introducida, y/o perdida, al formular hipótesis y establecer juicios de valor en el desarrollo de la investigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de poner de manifiesto, insistir y destacar algunos de los problemas inherentes a la utilización de determinadas hipótesis matemáticas en el contexto económico, destacando sus implicaciones, y muchas veces contradicciones, en ambos campos, matemático y económico.

On Verbal Competence

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Zhongxin Dai

2014-04-01

Full Text Available This paper explored a new concept, verbal competence, to present a challenge to Chomsky’s linguistic competence and Hymes’ communicative competence. It is generally acknowledged that Chomsky concerned himself only with the syntactic/grammatical structures, and viewed the speaker’s generation and transformation of syntactic structures as the production of language. Hymes challenged Chomsky’s conception of linguistic competence and argued for an ethnographic or sociolinguistic concept, communicative competence, but his concept is too broad to be adequately grasped and followed in such fields as linguistics and second language acquisition. Communicative competence can include abilities to communicate with nonverbal behaviors, e.g. gestures, postures or even silence. The concept of verbal competence concerns itself with the mental and psychological processes of verbal production in communication. These processes originate from the speaker’s personal experience, in a certain situation of human communication, and with the sudden appearance of the intentional notion, shape up as the meaning images and end up in the verbal expression.

O Problema da mochila compartimentada e aplicações

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Marques Fabiano do Prado

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O Problema da Mochila Compartimentada é uma variação do clássico problema da mochila e pode ser enunciado considerando-se a seguinte situação hipotética: um alpinista deve carregar sua mochila compossíveis itens de seu interesse. A cada item atribui-se o seu peso e um valor de utilidade (até aqui, o problema coincide com o clássico Problema da Mochila. Entretanto, os itens são de agrupamentos distintos (alimentos, medicamentos, utensílios, etc. e devem estar em compartimentos separados na mochila. Os compartimentos da mochila são flexíveis e têm capacidades limitadas. A inclusão de um compartimento tem um custo fixo que depende do agrupamento com que foi preenchido, além de introduzir uma perda da capacidade da mochila. O problema consiste em determinar as capacidades adequadas de cada compartimento e como esses devem ser carregados, maximizando o valor de utilidade total, descontado o custo de incluir compartimentos. Neste trabalho propomos um modelo de otimização não linear inteiro para o problema e algumas heurísticas para sua resolução. Uma aplicação prática de relevância deste problema aparece no corte de bobinas de aço, sujeito à laminação, detalhado em apêndice.

The similar effects of verbal and non-verbal intervening tasks on word recall in an elderly population.

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Williams, B R; Sullivan, S K; Morra, L F; Williams, J R; Donovick, P J

2014-01-01

Vulnerability to retroactive interference has been shown to increase with cognitive aging. Consistent with the findings of memory and aging literature, the authors of the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) suggest that a non-verbal task be administered during the test's delay interval to minimize the effects of retroactive interference on delayed recall. The goal of the present study was to determine the extent to which retroactive interference caused by non-verbal and verbal intervening tasks affects recall of verbal information in non-demented, older adults. The effects of retroactive interference on recall of words during Long-Delay recall on the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) were evaluated. Participants included 85 adults age 60 and older. During a 20-minute delay interval on the CVLT-II, participants received either a verbal (WAIS-III Vocabulary or Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IIIB) or non-verbal (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices or WAIS-III Block Design) intervening task. Similarly to previous research with young adults (Williams & Donovick, 2008), older adults recalled the same number of words across all groups, regardless of the type of intervening task. These findings suggest that the administration of verbal intervening tasks during the CVLT-II do not elicit more retroactive interference than non-verbal intervening tasks, and thus verbal tasks need not be avoided during the delay interval of the CVLT-II.

Neurophysiological Modulations of Non-Verbal and Verbal Dual-Tasks Interference during Word Planning.

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Raphaël Fargier

Full Text Available Running a concurrent task while speaking clearly interferes with speech planning, but whether verbal vs. non-verbal tasks interfere with the same processes is virtually unknown. We investigated the neural dynamics of dual-task interference on word production using event-related potentials (ERPs with either tones or syllables as concurrent stimuli. Participants produced words from pictures in three conditions: without distractors, while passively listening to distractors and during a distractor detection task. Production latencies increased for tasks with higher attentional demand and were longer for syllables relative to tones. ERP analyses revealed common modulations by dual-task for verbal and non-verbal stimuli around 240 ms, likely corresponding to lexical selection. Modulations starting around 350 ms prior to vocal onset were only observed when verbal stimuli were involved. These later modulations, likely reflecting interference with phonological-phonetic encoding, were observed only when overlap between tasks was maximal and the same underlying neural circuits were engaged (cross-talk.

Neurophysiological Modulations of Non-Verbal and Verbal Dual-Tasks Interference during Word Planning.

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Fargier, Raphaël; Laganaro, Marina

2016-01-01

Running a concurrent task while speaking clearly interferes with speech planning, but whether verbal vs. non-verbal tasks interfere with the same processes is virtually unknown. We investigated the neural dynamics of dual-task interference on word production using event-related potentials (ERPs) with either tones or syllables as concurrent stimuli. Participants produced words from pictures in three conditions: without distractors, while passively listening to distractors and during a distractor detection task. Production latencies increased for tasks with higher attentional demand and were longer for syllables relative to tones. ERP analyses revealed common modulations by dual-task for verbal and non-verbal stimuli around 240 ms, likely corresponding to lexical selection. Modulations starting around 350 ms prior to vocal onset were only observed when verbal stimuli were involved. These later modulations, likely reflecting interference with phonological-phonetic encoding, were observed only when overlap between tasks was maximal and the same underlying neural circuits were engaged (cross-talk).

Sobre o problema da demarcação

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Marcos Barbosa de Oliveira

1982-12-01

Full Text Available Desde sua publicação, não têm faltado ataques ao critério da refutabilidade - a solução proposta por Popper para seu problema da demarcação. A crítica do presente artigo é mais fundamental: seu alvo é o próprio problema da demarcação. Como preliminar, mostra-se haver na obra de Popper não apenas um, mas dois problemas da demarcação, distintos e incompatíveis. Uma análise do antiessencialismo de Popper é o ponto de partida para a demonstração da tese central do artigo, a saber, a tese de que o problema da demarcação deve ser abandonado, por ser parte de uma abordagem cientificista da questão do valor das ciências.

Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non-verbal and verbal social information.

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Watanabe, Takamitsu; Yahata, Noriaki; Kawakubo, Yuki; Inoue, Hideyuki; Takano, Yosuke; Iwashiro, Norichika; Natsubori, Tatsunobu; Takao, Hidemasa; Sasaki, Hiroki; Gonoi, Wataru; Murakami, Mizuho; Katsura, Masaki; Kunimatsu, Akira; Abe, Osamu; Kasai, Kiyoto; Yamasue, Hidenori

2014-06-01

Social judgments often require resolution of incongruity in communication contents. Although previous studies revealed that such conflict resolution recruits brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG), functional relationships and networks among these regions remain unclear. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the functional dissociation and networks by measuring human brain activity during resolving incongruity between verbal and non-verbal emotional contents. First, we found that the conflict resolutions biased by the non-verbal contents activated the posterior dorsal mPFC (post-dmPFC), bilateral anterior insula (AI) and right dorsal pIFG, whereas the resolutions biased by the verbal contents activated the bilateral ventral pIFG. In contrast, the anterior dmPFC (ant-dmPFC), bilateral superior temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus were commonly involved in both of the resolutions. Second, we found that the post-dmPFC and right ventral pIFG were hub regions in networks underlying the non-verbal- and verbal-content-biased resolutions, respectively. Finally, we revealed that these resolution-type-specific networks were bridged by the ant-dmPFC, which was recruited for the conflict resolutions earlier than the two hub regions. These findings suggest that, in social conflict resolutions, the ant-dmPFC selectively recruits one of the resolution-type-specific networks through its interaction with resolution-type-specific hub regions. © The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Verbal and non-verbal behaviour and patient perception of communication in primary care: an observational study.

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Little, Paul; White, Peter; Kelly, Joanne; Everitt, Hazel; Gashi, Shkelzen; Bikker, Annemieke; Mercer, Stewart

2015-06-01

Few studies have assessed the importance of a broad range of verbal and non-verbal consultation behaviours. To explore the relationship of observer ratings of behaviours of videotaped consultations with patients' perceptions. Observational study in general practices close to Southampton, Southern England. Verbal and non-verbal behaviour was rated by independent observers blind to outcome. Patients competed the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS; primary outcome) and questionnaires addressing other communication domains. In total, 275/360 consultations from 25 GPs had useable videotapes. Higher MISS scores were associated with slight forward lean (an 0.02 increase for each degree of lean, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002 to 0.03), the number of gestures (0.08, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.15), 'back-channelling' (for example, saying 'mmm') (0.11, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.2), and social talk (0.29, 95% CI = 0.4 to 0.54). Starting the consultation with professional coolness ('aloof') was helpful and optimism unhelpful. Finishing with non-verbal 'cut-offs' (for example, looking away), being professionally cool ('aloof'), or patronising, ('infantilising') resulted in poorer ratings. Physical contact was also important, but not traditional verbal communication. These exploratory results require confirmation, but suggest that patients may be responding to several non-verbal behaviours and non-specific verbal behaviours, such as social talk and back-channelling, more than traditional verbal behaviours. A changing consultation dynamic may also help, from professional 'coolness' at the beginning of the consultation to becoming warmer and avoiding non-verbal cut-offs at the end. © British Journal of General Practice 2015.

Consonant Differentiation Mediates the Discrepancy between Non-verbal and Verbal Abilities in Children with ASD

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Key, A. P.; Yoder, P. J.; Stone, W. L.

2016-01-01

Background: Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate verbal communication disorders reflected in lower verbal than non-verbal abilities. The present study examined the extent to which this discrepancy is associated with atypical speech sound differentiation. Methods: Differences in the amplitude of auditory event-related…

Can verbal working memory training improve reading?

Science.gov (United States)

Banales, Erin; Kohnen, Saskia; McArthur, Genevieve

2015-01-01

The aim of the current study was to determine whether poor verbal working memory is associated with poor word reading accuracy because the former causes the latter, or the latter causes the former. To this end, we tested whether (a) verbal working memory training improves poor verbal working memory or poor word reading accuracy, and whether (b) reading training improves poor reading accuracy or verbal working memory in a case series of four children with poor word reading accuracy and verbal working memory. Each child completed 8 weeks of verbal working memory training and 8 weeks of reading training. Verbal working memory training improved verbal working memory in two of the four children, but did not improve their reading accuracy. Similarly, reading training improved word reading accuracy in all children, but did not improve their verbal working memory. These results suggest that the causal links between verbal working memory and reading accuracy may not be as direct as has been assumed.

Algoritmos multirecombinativos aplicados al problema de ruteo de vehículos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renzo Ramon Miño

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El diseño de algoritmos eficientes para resolver problemas complejos ha sido tradicionalmente uno de los aspectos más importantes en la investigación en el campo de la informática. El objetivo perseguido en este campo es fundamentalmente el desarrollo de nuevos métodos capaces de resolver problemas complejos con el menor esfuerzo computacional posible, mejorando así a los algoritmos existentes. En consecuencia, esto no sólo permite afrontar los problemas de forma más eficiente, sino afrontar tareas vedadas en el pasado debido a su alto costo computacional. Las metaheurísticas son métodos que integran procedimientos de mejora local y estrategias de alto nivel para realizar una búsqueda robusta en el espacio-problema. El problema de ruteo de vehículos es un problema de optimización combinatoria de gran importancia en diferentes entornos logísticos debido a su dificultad (NP-duros y a sus múltiples aplicaciones industriales. Se han propuestos varias soluciones a este problema haciendo uso de heurísticas y metaheurísticas. En este trabajo proponemos dos algoritmos para resolver el problema de ruteo de vehículos con capacidad limitada, utilizando como base un Algoritmo Evolutivo conocido como MCMP-SRI (Stud and Random Inmigrants combinados con Hill- Climbing. Detalles de los algoritmos y los resultados de los experimentos muestran un promisorio comportamiento para resolver el problema.

A obesidade infantil: um problema emergente

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Joana; Loureiro, Isabel; Carmo, Isabel do

2008-01-01

A obesidade é um dos problemas de saúde mais graves que afecta crianças e adolescentes a nível mundial. As evidências sugerem que o problema está a agravar-se rapidamente. O aumento da prevalência de obesidade infantil pode fazer com que a próxima geração apresente indicadores de obesidade no adulto superiores aos indicadores actuais. Pelo facto de a obesidade estar intimamente associada a diferentes patologias crónicas faz com que estejamos perante um enorme desafio para o sistema de cuidado...

An executable model of the interaction between verbal and non-verbal communication.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jonker, C.M.; Treur, J.; Wijngaards, W.C.A.

2000-01-01

In this paper an executable generic process model is proposed for combined verbal and non-verbal communication processes and their interaction. The model has been formalised by three-levelled partial temporal models, covering both the material and mental processes and their relations. The generic

An Executable Model of the Interaction between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jonker, C.M.; Treur, J.; Wijngaards, W.C.A.; Dignum, F.; Greaves, M.

2000-01-01

In this paper an executable generic process model is proposed for combined verbal and non-verbal communication processes and their interaction. The model has been formalised by three-levelled partial temporal models, covering both the material and mental processes and their relations. The generic

[Non-verbal communication in Alzheimer's disease].

Science.gov (United States)

Schiaratura, Loris Tamara

2008-09-01

This review underlines the importance of non-verbal communication in Alzheimer's disease. A social psychological perspective of communication is privileged. Non-verbal behaviors such as looks, head nods, hand gestures, body posture or facial expression provide a lot of information about interpersonal attitudes, behavioral intentions, and emotional experiences. Therefore they play an important role in the regulation of interaction between individuals. Non-verbal communication is effective in Alzheimer's disease even in the late stages. Patients still produce non-verbal signals and are responsive to others. Nevertheless, few studies have been devoted to the social factors influencing the non-verbal exchange. Misidentification and misinterpretation of behaviors may have negative consequences for the patients. Thus, improving the comprehension of and the response to non-verbal behavior would increase first the quality of the interaction, then the physical and psychological well-being of patients and that of caregivers. The role of non-verbal behavior in social interactions should be approached from an integrative and functional point of view.

The Bursts and Lulls of Multimodal Interaction: Temporal Distributions of Behavior Reveal Differences Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Abney, Drew H; Dale, Rick; Louwerse, Max M; Kello, Christopher T

2018-04-06

Recent studies of naturalistic face-to-face communication have demonstrated coordination patterns such as the temporal matching of verbal and non-verbal behavior, which provides evidence for the proposal that verbal and non-verbal communicative control derives from one system. In this study, we argue that the observed relationship between verbal and non-verbal behaviors depends on the level of analysis. In a reanalysis of a corpus of naturalistic multimodal communication (Louwerse, Dale, Bard, & Jeuniaux, ), we focus on measuring the temporal patterns of specific communicative behaviors in terms of their burstiness. We examined burstiness estimates across different roles of the speaker and different communicative modalities. We observed more burstiness for verbal versus non-verbal channels, and for more versus less informative language subchannels. Using this new method for analyzing temporal patterns in communicative behaviors, we show that there is a complex relationship between verbal and non-verbal channels. We propose a "temporal heterogeneity" hypothesis to explain how the language system adapts to the demands of dialog. Copyright © 2018 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

EN BUSCA DE LA PALABRA EXACTA. OBSERVACIÓN DEL PROCESO TRASLATIVO

OpenAIRE

Schäpers, Andrea

2008-01-01

El objeto del presente estudio observacional es describir las estrategias aplicadas por un grupo de estudiantes españoles para resolver problemas léxicos que se plantean cuando han de traducir un texto desde su lengua materna al alemán. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo motivado por la investigación previa sobre métodos introspectivos y retrospectivos empleados para describir los procesos cognitivos inherentes a la traducción ...

The effects of hand gestures on verbal recall as a function of high- and low-verbal-skill levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Frick-Horbury, Donna

2002-04-01

The author examined the effects of cueing for verbal recall with the accompanying self-generated hand gestures as a function of verbal skill. There were 36 participants, half with low SAT verbal scores and half with high SAT verbal scores. Half of the participants of each verbal-skill level were cued for recall with their own gestures, and the remaining half was given a free-recall test. Cueing with self-generated gestures aided the low-verbal-skill participants so that their retrieval rate equaled that of the high-verbal-skill participants and their loss of recall over a 2-week period was minimal. This effect was stable for both concrete and abstract words. The findings support the hypothesis that gestures serve as an auxiliary code for memory retrieval.

Resolución algebraica de problemas estequiométricos

OpenAIRE

Reza García, J.

2009-01-01

La resolución de problemas, entendida como la metodología para enfrentar situaciones nuevas que impliquen un reto personal, es una estrategia didáctica eficaz que permite generar, consolidar e integrar conocimientos. La resolución de un problema típico en ciencias parte de la comprensión de su enunciado, constituido por un texto corto escrito en lenguaje natural; la traducción de dicha situación al lenguaje matemático constituye un obstáculo en el proceso de resolución de problemas con estruc...

Problemas de teoria dos números

OpenAIRE

Pontes, Dúnia Lisandra Serra Lêdo

2013-01-01

Tese de mestrado em Matemática para Professores, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013 A tese em questão, como o título sugere – Problemas de teoria dos números – propõe-se a estudar problemas relativos a uma das áreas mais antigas e mais ricas da matemática, considerada uma forte influência na evolução de grandes matemáticos. Este trabalho conjuga dois temas deveras importantes para o desenvolvimento da criatividade e do conhecimento matemático: reso...

Levantamento de problemas comportamentais/emocionais em um ambulatório para adolescentes

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Benedita Salete Costa Lima Valverde

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais problemas comportamentais e emocionais percebidos por adolescentes que frequentam um ambulatório de saúde. Participaram 320 adolescentes que não estavam em atendimento psicoterápico e que responderam, na sala de espera de um ambulatório, o Youth Self Report. O principal problema relatado foi Ansiedade/Depressão. Os meninos obtiveram escores mais altos em Problemas Sociais e mais baixos em Comportamento Delinquente; as meninas apresentaram-se com menos problemas no agrupamento Problemas Somáticos e com mais problemas em Ansiedade/Depressão. Quanto à faixa etária, observou-se que Problemas Sociais esteve associado ao início da adolescência. Quanto à incidência, menos de um quarto dos adolescentes apresentaram-se com problemas, sugerindo que a adolescência não é um período de turbulência. Observou-se que alguns adolescentes necessitam de uma avaliação mais detalhada, pois relataram comportamentos indicativos de transtornos mentais. Conclui-se a necessidade de profissionais de saúde mental integrarem a equipe de saúde que atende adolescentes.

Algunas relaciones entre algoritmos y resolución de problemas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Fonseca González

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Como parte del estudio realizado en la tesis de maestría “Uso de algoritmos en la resolución de problemas sobre isometrías del plano. Un estudio de caso”, se han identificado diversas formas en que se relacionan los algoritmos con la resolución de problemas, no sólo como procesos mecánicos, sino como fuente de información en el planteamiento de estrategias al resolver un problema, de modo que surgen algunas maneras en que se da esta relación, ejemplificando cada una de ellas con problemas cuyo objeto matemático central son las isometrías del plano.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON VERBAL LEARNING.

Science.gov (United States)

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Graduate School of Education.

THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS MATERIAL ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF VERBAL LEARNING. APPROXIMATELY 50 UNANNOTATED REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED TO DOCUMENTS DATING FROM 1960 TO 1965. JOURNALS, BOOKS, AND REPORT MATERIALS ARE LISTED. SUBJECT AREAS INCLUDED ARE CONDITIONING, VERBAL BEHAVIOR, PROBLEM SOLVING, SEMANTIC SATIATION, STIMULUS DURATION, AND VERBAL…

Verbal Fluency and Verbal Short-Term Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome and Unspecified Intellectual Disability

Science.gov (United States)

Stavroussi, Panayiota; Andreou, Georgia; Karagiannopoulou, Dimitra

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine verbal fluency and verbal short-term memory in 12 adults with Down syndrome (DS) and 12 adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) of unspecified origin, matched for receptive vocabulary and chronological age. Participants' performance was assessed on two conditions of a verbal fluency test, namely, semantic…

Assessing the aging effect on auditory-verbal memory by Persian version of dichotic auditory verbal memory test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zahra Shahidipour

2014-01-01

Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, significant reduction in auditory memory was seen in aged group and the Persian version of dichotic auditory-verbal memory test, like many other auditory verbal memory tests, showed the aging effects on auditory verbal memory performance.

Event-governed and verbally-governed behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas, E A

1988-01-01

A NUMBER OF STATEMENTS PRESCRIBE BEHAVIOR: apothegms, maxims, proverbs, instructions, and so on. These differing guides to conduct present varieties of the dictionary definition of "rules." The term "rules" thus defines a category of language usage. Such a term, and its derivative, "rule-governed," does not address a controlling relation in the analysis of verbal behavior. The prevailing confounding of a category of language with a category of verbal behavior appears related to a lack of understanding as to what distinguishes verbal behavior from other behavior. Verbal behavior is a behavior-behavior relation in which events are contacted through the mediation of another organism's behavior specifically shaped for such mediation by a verbal community. It contrasts with behavior that contacts events directly, and shaped directly by the features of those events. Thus we may distinguish between two large classes of behavior by whether it is behavior controlled by events, or behavior controlled verbally. However, the functional controls operative with both classes of behavior do not differ.

A Review of Verbal and Non-Verbal Human-Robot Interactive Communication

OpenAIRE

Mavridis, Nikolaos

2014-01-01

In this paper, an overview of human-robot interactive communication is presented, covering verbal as well as non-verbal aspects of human-robot interaction. Following a historical introduction, and motivation towards fluid human-robot communication, ten desiderata are proposed, which provide an organizational axis both of recent as well as of future research on human-robot communication. Then, the ten desiderata are examined in detail, culminating to a unifying discussion, and a forward-lookin...

Los nuevos problemas de la infancia, propuestas de solución

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María Eugenia Mansilla

1992-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan los problemas que viven los niños de los sectores populares del Perú, haciendo algunos alcances con la realidad de otros países latinoamericanos. El enfoque del análisis es que el origen de tales problemas se encuentra en la forma que hemos organizado la sociedad, de ahí que se plantee que corresponden a una sociedad del horno sapiens y que "la mayoría de los problemas no son nuevos, (sino que lo nuevo es la forma en que se expresan y la manera en la que los vernos". La revisión de los problemas se inicia con el concepto niño discutiendo el enfoque tradicional con una propuesta alternativa que considera al niño un ser humano en desarrollo; se revisan algunos problemas que son productos de la urbanización y del actual modelo económico y la vigencia de algunos problemas viejos corno la discriminación y el trabajo infantil; se analizan brevemente las políticas sociales y se plantean algunas alternativas dirigidas a superarlos y avanzar en la construcción de una sociedad humana.

Syntactic Dependencies and Verbal Inflection: Complementisers and Verbal Forms in Standard Arabic

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Feras Saeed

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the syntactic dependency between complementisers and verbal forms in Standard Arabic and provides a new analysis of this dependency. The imperfective verb in this language surfaces with three different forms, where each form is indicated by a different suffixal marker attached to the end of the verb as (-u, (-a, or (-Ø. The occurrence of each suffixal marker on the verb corresponds to the co-occurrence of a particular type of Comp-elements in the C/T domain. I argue that these morphological markers on the three verbal forms are the manifestation of an Agree relation between an interpretable unvalued finiteness feature [Fin] on C and an uninterpretable but valued instance of the same feature on v, assuming feature transfer and feature sharing between C/T and v (Pesetsky & Torrego 2007; Chomsky 2008. I also argue that the different verbal forms in Standard Arabic are dictated by the co-occurrence of three types of Comp-elements: i C-elements; ii T-elements which ultimately move to C; and iii imperative/negative elements. Keywords: feature transfer/sharing, verbal forms, complementisers, finiteness, syntactic dependency, Standard Arabic

Symbiotic Relations of Verbal and Non-Verbal Components of Creolized Text on the Example of Stephen King’s Books Covers Analysis

OpenAIRE

Anna S. Kobysheva; Viktoria A. Nakaeva

2017-01-01

The article examines the symbiotic relationships between non-verbal and verbal components of the creolized text. The research focuses on the analysis of the correlation between verbal and visual elements of horror book covers based on three types of correlations between verbal and non-verbal text constituents, i.e. recurrent, additive and emphatic.

Symbiotic Relations of Verbal and Non-Verbal Components of Creolized Text on the Example of Stephen King’s Books Covers Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna S. Kobysheva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines the symbiotic relationships between non-verbal and verbal components of the creolized text. The research focuses on the analysis of the correlation between verbal and visual elements of horror book covers based on three types of correlations between verbal and non-verbal text constituents, i.e. recurrent, additive and emphatic.

Estructura orbital en el Problema Restringido Rectilíneo Isósceles

Science.gov (United States)

Orellana, R. B.

Para definir problemas en Mecánica Celeste se utilizan diferentes parámetros. El conocimiento de la dinámica del problema para valores particulares de estos parámetros nos permite entender el comportamiento en casos más generales. El Problema Restringido Rectilíneo Isósceles puede ser considerado como el caso límite del Problema de Sitnikov cuando la excentricidad tiende a uno o como el Problema Isósceles cuando la masa central tiende a cero. Se ha compactificado el espacio de fases y analizado la dinámica en el límite. Esto ha permitido separar el espacio de fases en diferentes regiones dependiendo de las clases de órbitas.

Algoritmos y complejidad para algunos problemas de dominación

OpenAIRE

Mizrahi, Michel Jonathan

2014-01-01

Los problemas de dominación forman un área de investigación en crecimiento, debido a la cantidad de aplicaciones que pueden modelar, entre las cuales podemos nombrar redes sociales, sistemas distribuidos, redes biológicas, problemas de localización de instalaciones, etc. En esta tesis estudiamos los siguientes problemas de dominación (i) el conjunto dominante mínimo, (ii) dominación romana, (iii) dominación eficiente por vértices, (iv) dominación eficiente por aristas (también conocida como m...

Toward a digitally mediated, transgenerational negotiation of verbal and non-verbal concepts in daycare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chimirri, Niklas Alexander

an adult researcher’s research problem and her/his conceptual knowledge of the child-adult-digital media interaction are able to do justice to what the children actually intend to communicate about their experiences and actions, both verbally and non-verbally, by and large remains little explored...

NEGOSIASI PENERJEMAHAN VERBAL - VISUAL DESAIN GRAFIS

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Moeljadi Pranata

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Design is commonly regarded as an act of individual creation to which both verbalization and logical analysis are only peripherally relevant. This article reviews a research study about talking design by Tomes et al (1998 which involving graphic designers and their clients. The conclusion is that talking design -- verbal and visual -- is the design itself. Comments from a design-major student give more light to the research s outputs. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Desain umumnya dipandang sebagai karya ekspresi diri. Analisis logis dan penerjemahan verbal hanya dianggap relevan di permukaan saja. Artikel ini mereview kajian riset Tomes dkk. (1998 mengenai bahasan desain yang melibatkan tim desainer grafis dan kliennya. Simpulannya%2C bahasan desain ¾ verbal dan visual ¾ adalah desain itu sendiri. Artikel ini dilengkapi tanggapan mahasiswa desain terhadap hasil riset tersebut. graphic design%2C design process%2C verbal/visual communication

Um sistema multiagente de apoio à aprendizagem baseada em problema

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Laysa Mabel Oliveira Fontes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A aprendizagem baseada em problema (Problem-Based Learning - PBL é uma teoria de aprendizagem que enfatiza a colaboração e o trabalho em grupo para resolução de um problema. No entanto, um problema que ocorre com freqüência no processo de aplicação da PBL é a presença de conversações fora do contexto, que é uma situação onde os estudantes perdem o foco das discussões do problema e passam a discutir outros assuntos. Outro aspecto importante é com relação ao processo de formação de grupos na PBL. Pode ser difícil para o facilitador alocar estudantes aos grupos a distância, uma vez que a ausência de um contato presencial dificulta o conhecimento de certas características importantes do perfil dos estudantes envolvidos no processo. Outro aspecto a ser considerado é a ausência de padronização dos conceitos relacionados à PBL, pois isto dificulta a compreensão comum e compartilhada sobre este domínio. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta um sistema multiagente de apoio à PBL, com o objetivo de detectar e corrigir problemas inerentes à implantação desta teoria de aprendizagem. Para solucionar o problema de padronização dos conceitos relacionados à PBL, é proposta uma ontologia que preenche requisitos de abstração e significação dos conceitos relacionados ao domínio.

Rendimiento cognitivo y percepción de problemas de memoria en pacientes con dolor crónico: con fibromialgia versus sin fibromialgia Cognitive performance and memory complaints in chronic pain patients: with fibromyalgia versus without fibromyalgia

OpenAIRE

A. Castel; R. Cascón; M. Salvat; J. Sala; A. Padrol; M. Pérez; M. Rull

2008-01-01

Objetivos. 1) Comparar la percepción de problemas de memoria y el rendimiento cognitivo (memoria verbal, atención concentrada, rapidez de procesamiento) en pacientes con y sin diagnóstico de fibromialgia. 2) Comparar estos mismos procesos entre pacientes con fibromialgia primaria y pacientes con fibromialgia concomitante a otras patologías de dolor crónico. Sujetos. Ciento diez pacientes de sexo femenino [21-64 años]. Edad 47.6 años. 68 pacientes con fibromialgia [28 fibromialgia primaria, 40...

Estudio poliedral y algoritmo branch-and-cut para el problema de coloreo equitativo en grafos

OpenAIRE

Severin, Daniel E.

2012-01-01

Los problemas de coloreo de grafos constituyen una familia de problemas de una gran relevancia tanto teórica como práctica. Todos ellos son variaciones del problema del coloreo clásico, cuyo estudio se inició en el Siglo XIX. El origen de estas variaciones radica en las restricciones adicionales que imponen las aplicaciones a problemas de la vida real. En esta tesis abordamos en particular el Problema de Coloreo Equitativo en Grafos. Como muchos problemas de Optimización Combinatoria, el Prob...

Compromise solutions in mining method selection - case study in colombian coal mining

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Iván Romero-Gélvez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es presentar un enfoque cuantitativo para la selección del método extractivo minero mediante el desarrollo metodológico de un problema de toma de decisión multicriterio discreta (DMD, este enfoque se propone para soportar el proceso de planeación y diseño minero. Seleccionar el método extractivo es uno de los problemas de Decisión Multicriterio Discreta (DMD donde los decisores han tenido problemas en la asignación de peso a cada criterio. Para resolver este problema, este artículo propone el método de la ENTROPIA. El presente escrito quiere manejar la subjetividad inherente a esta problemática mediante el uso del método VIKOR, el cual arroja como resultado una alternativa de compromiso. La metodología propuesta en este artículo se aplica en yacimiento de carbón localizado en el costado occidental del Cerro Tasajero en Norte de Santander, Colombia.

Inpatient verbal aggression: content, targets and patient characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

Stewart, D; Bowers, L

2013-04-01

Verbally aggressive behaviour on psychiatric wards is more common than physical violence and can have distressing consequences for the staff and patients who are subjected to it. Previous research has tended to examine incidents of verbal aggression in little detail, instead combining different types of aggressive behaviour into a single measure. This study recruited 522 adult psychiatric inpatients from 84 acute wards. Data were collected from nursing and medical records for the first 2 weeks of admission. Incidents of verbal aggression were categorized and associations with patient characteristics examined. There were 1398 incidents of verbal aggression in total, reported for half the sample. Types of verbal aggression were, in order of prevalence: abusive language, shouting, threats, expressions of anger and racist comments. There were also a large number of entries in the notes which did not specify the form of verbal aggression. Staff members were the most frequent target of aggression. A history of violence and previous drug use were consistently associated with verbal aggression. However, there were also some notable differences in patient variables associated with specific types of verbal aggression. Future studies should consider using multidimensional measures of verbal aggression. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing.

Aspectos comparativos da regência verbal em Português e Inglês para a elaboração de um dicionário bilíngue

OpenAIRE

Mendes, Raphael [UNESP

2013-01-01

Muitas vezes as gramáticas tradicionais e os dicionários existentes não são suficientes para resolver as dúvidas de estudantes e consulentes relativas a problemas linguísticos específicos. Com base nisso, propusemos um estudo de cunho contrastivo sobre uma temática pouco explorada, mas de grande relevância para a gramática e para a lexicografia: a regência verbal. Nos dicionários, esse tipo de informação gramatical é, em geral, tratado de forma imprecisa ou sequer aparece, o que pode dificult...

Visualizing the Verbal and Verbalizing the Visual.

Science.gov (United States)

Braden, Roberts A.

This paper explores relationships of visual images to verbal elements, beginning with a discussion of visible language as represented by words printed on the page. The visual flexibility inherent in typography is discussed in terms of the appearance of the letters and the denotative and connotative meanings represented by type, typographical…

Orden de no reanimar, consideraciones sobre este problema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. G. Luis Cereceda

2011-05-01

Se analizan los principales problemas, comenzando por las dificultades según los diferentes escenarios (servicio de urgencia, pabellón de maternidad, sala de hospitalizados, unidad de intensivo, pabellones quirúrgicos; se analiza la incertidumbre sobre el pronóstico de cada pacientes y sobre quién(es deben tomar las decisiones sobre el fin de la vida. Idealmente debe ser el paciente autónomo quien tome la decisión, pero en otros casos se requieren alternativas, una de ellas es la Orden Unilateral. Otros problemas son la Validez de las órdenes de no-RCP en los diferentes tiempos evolutivos, el problema de la Futilidad y la Validez de las “Directivas Anticipadas”, en este grupo resalta el enfoque POLST (Physician’s Order for Life Sustaining Treatment como más comprehensivo; como complemento ha surgido también el concepto AND (Allow Natural Death, que podría estar destinado a remplazar la orden de no-RCP (DNR.

Nuestro único problema

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Héctor Rojas Herazo

1967-12-01

Full Text Available Toda vida humana por ser, en profundidad y superficie, una batalla contra la muerte, es un fenómeno epopéyico. Más admirable cuanto más secreta y personal sea esa batalla. Pues no nos enfrentamos a este o aquel obstáculo ni somos atraídos por este o aquel señuelo. Nuestra íntima preocupación, nuestro único problema, nuestro máximo terror es sabernos materia de disolución, míseras astillas para alimentar el insaciable fuego de la muerte.

Assessing the aging effect on auditory-verbal memory by Persian version of dichotic auditory verbal memory test

OpenAIRE

Zahra Shahidipour; Ahmad Geshani; Zahra Jafari; Shohreh Jalaie; Elham Khosravifard

2014-01-01

Background and Aim: Memory is one of the aspects of cognitive function which is widely affected among aged people. Since aging has different effects on different memorial systems and little studies have investigated auditory-verbal memory function in older adults using dichotic listening techniques, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the auditory-verbal memory function among old people using Persian version of dichotic auditory-verbal memory test. Methods: The Persian version of dic...

Attitudes and beliefs as verbal behavior

OpenAIRE

Guerin, Bernard

1994-01-01

Attitudes and beliefs are analyzed as verbal behavior. It is argued that shaping by a verbal community is an essential part of the formation and maintenance of both attitudes and beliefs, and it is suggested that verbal communities mediate the important shift in control from events in the environment (attitudes and beliefs as tacts) to control by other words (attitudes and beliefs as intraverbals). It appears that both attitudes and beliefs are constantly being socially negotiated through aut...

Contabilidad de Costos I. - Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales

OpenAIRE

Morillo Moreno, Marysela C.

2008-01-01

ÍNDICE Introducción Problemas sobre terminología básica Problemas básicos sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilidad de Costos Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación Problemas sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilida...

Verbal Ability and Teacher Effectiveness

Science.gov (United States)

Andrew, Michael D.; Cobb, Casey D.; Giampietro, Peter J.

2005-01-01

Critics of traditional teacher education programs have suggested that verbal ability along with subject knowledge is sufficient for measuring good teaching. A small group of research studies is called upon to support this contention. This article reviews these studies, analyzes the role of verbal ability in teaching, and presents research…

Habla Privada y resolución de problemas en adolescentes de 15 años

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Maria Cecilia Hontou

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno de hablarse a sí mismo ha sido investigado desde diferentes perspectivas psicológicas. La psicología socio-cultural lo denomina Habla Privada (HP y lo define como una manifestación audible de lenguaje, autodirigida, con funciones de autorregulación. El HP permite orientar, monitorear y evaluar la acción. Aparece frente a una demanda cognitiva y sirve para guiar la resolución de problemas. Aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre HP se han centrado en la infancia, existen estudios en adolescentes y adultos que sugieren que el HP continúa siendo una estrategia cognitiva empleada en todo el ciclo vital. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el HP en adolescentes y su relación con la resolución de problemas. Para ello, aplicamos la Tarea de Formación de Conceptos Artificiales Vygotski-Saharov (TFCA a 19 adolescentes de 15 años, de dos contextos socio-económicos diferentes, generando protocolos verbales y realizando un análisis microgenético de los mismos. Se identificó HP en 17 de los 19 adolescentes y se encontró una correlación directa y grande entre HP-desempeño en la tarea. Los adolescentes que tuvieron una puntuación más alta en la tarea emplearon además, más habla privada antecediendo a la acción y más evaluaciones de la acción que sus pares con una puntuación intermedia. Estos resultados aportan evidencia a la hipótesis vigotskiana sobre la relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento.

Verbal Knowledge, Working Memory, and Processing Speed as Predictors of Verbal Learning in Older Adults

Science.gov (United States)

Rast, Philippe

2011-01-01

The present study aimed at modeling individual differences in a verbal learning task by means of a latent structured growth curve approach based on an exponential function that yielded 3 parameters: initial recall, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. Three cognitive variables--speed of information processing, verbal knowledge, working…

Virtual Chironomia: A Multimodal Study of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in a Virtual World

Science.gov (United States)

Verhulsdonck, Gustav

2010-01-01

This mixed methods study examined the various aspects of multimodal use of non-verbal communication in virtual worlds during dyadic negotiations. Quantitative analysis uncovered a treatment effect whereby people with more rhetorical certainty used more neutral non-verbal communication; whereas people that were rhetorically less certain used more…

Principales problemas de traducción en el doblaje italiano-español

OpenAIRE

Ortega Paredes, Laura

2015-01-01

La traducción para doblaje resulta especialmente complicada debido a las restricciones causadas por la cohesión entre el texto y la imagen. En el presente trabajo trataremos ciertos problemas generales de traducción cuya dificultad se ve acentuada en el caso del doblaje y también otros problemas propios de este tipo de traducción. Trabajaremos con la combinación italiano-español, por lo que algunos de los problemas a tratar serán problemas específicos de esta lengua La traducció pel doblat...

Verbal learning in the context of background music: no influence of vocals and instrumentals on verbal learning.

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Jancke L; Brugger E; Brummer M; Scherrer S; Alahmadi N

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: Whether listening to background music enhances verbal learning performance is still a matter of dispute. In this study we investigated the influence of vocal and instrumental background music on verbal learning. METHODS: 226 subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups (one control group and 4 experimental groups). All participants were exposed to a verbal learning task. One group served as control group while the 4 further groups served as experimental groups. The con...

EL PROBLEMA DEL CUMPLEAÑOS, UNA GENERALIZACIÓN

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Aranda, Moisés; Departamento de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y Universidad Sergio Arboleda; Molina, Fabio; Departamento de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y Universidad Sergio Arboleda; Moreno, Vladimir; Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cra. 7 No 43-82. Bogotá,

2008-01-01

El problema del cumpleaños, en el contexto clásico, se resuelve asumiendo una distribución de probabilidades uniforme discreta de los nacimientos. El propósito de este artículo es resolver el mismo problema bajo una distribución de probabilidades discreta arbitraria, y demostrar que bajo la distribución uniforme discreta, la probabilidad de que dos o más personas cumplan años en el mismo día es subestimada. Palabras clave: combinatoria, probabilidad, distribuciones discretas, muestra aleator...

Influencia de la representación de las cantidades en la resolución de problemas verbales en el entorno de la hoja de cálculo

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David Arnau Vera

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Hemos llevado a cabo una experimentación en la que pretendíamos observar las consecuencias de enseñar a resolver problemas de manera algebraica en el entorno de la hoja de cálculo a un grupo de estudiantes de primer curso de secundaria que no habían sido introducidos previamente en el mundo del álgebra. En este artículo ofreceremos ejemplos de fenómenos de anclaje en las formas de resolver propias de la aritmética por parte de algunos alumnos cuando resolvían en la hoja de cálculo. Mostraremos cómo estas resoluciones aritméticas se veían influidas por la enseñanza y el entorno dando lugar a: (1 la imposibilidad de introducir una fórmula en una celda que no hubiera sido etiquetada previamente con un nombre propio del espacio semiótico en que se ofrecía el problema; y (2 la aparición de resoluciones con características aritméticas en las que se operaba con lo desconocido.

Verbal learning in the context of background music: no influence of vocals and instrumentals on verbal learning.

Science.gov (United States)

Jäncke, Lutz; Brügger, Eliane; Brummer, Moritz; Scherrer, Stephanie; Alahmadi, Nsreen

2014-03-26

Whether listening to background music enhances verbal learning performance is still a matter of dispute. In this study we investigated the influence of vocal and instrumental background music on verbal learning. 226 subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups (one control group and 4 experimental groups). All participants were exposed to a verbal learning task. One group served as control group while the 4 further groups served as experimental groups. The control group learned without background music while the 4 experimental groups were exposed to vocal or instrumental musical pieces during learning with different subjective intensity and valence. Thus, we employed 4 music listening conditions (vocal music with high intensity: VOC_HIGH, vocal music with low intensity: VOC_LOW, instrumental music with high intensity: INST_HIGH, instrumental music with low intensity: INST_LOW) and one control condition (CONT) during which the subjects learned the word lists. Since it turned out that the high and low intensity groups did not differ in terms of the rated intensity during the main experiment these groups were lumped together. Thus, we worked with 3 groups: one control group and two groups, which were exposed to background music (vocal and instrumental) during verbal learning. As dependent variable, the number of learned words was used. Here we measured immediate recall during five learning sessions (recall 1 - recall 5) and delayed recall for 15 minutes (recall 6) and 14 days (recall 7) after the last learning session. Verbal learning improved during the first 5 recall sessions without any strong difference between the control and experimental groups. Also the delayed recalls were similar for the three groups. There was only a trend for attenuated verbal learning for the group passively listened to vocals. This learning attenuation diminished during the following learning sessions. The exposure to vocal or instrumental background music during encoding did not

Medio ambiente, ecología y desarrollo en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Camilo Antonio Bohórquez Bohórquez

2008-01-01

Colombia tiene unas características ambientales y ecológicas propias del neotrópico, que la hacen específica y única; sin embargo, los modelos de desarrollo implementados van en contravía de estas características. El artículo muestra cómo las polí- ticas gubernamentales desconocen las características inherentes al desarrollo humano sustentable, lo cual genera graves problemas ambientales urbanos y rurales. En contraposición se establecen algunos lineamientos generales para estructurar una pro...

Linguistic analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication in the operating room.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Alison; Butt, David; Ellis-Clarke, Jodie; Cartmill, John

2010-12-01

Surgery can be a triumph of co-operation, the procedure evolving as a result of joint action between multiple participants. The communication that mediates the joint action of surgery is conveyed by verbal but particularly by non-verbal signals. Competing priorities superimposed by surgical learning must also be negotiated within this context and this paper draws on techniques of systemic functional linguistics to observe and analyse the flow of information during such a phase of surgery. © 2010 The Authors. ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2010 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

Resolvendo o problema de Bernstein

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2006-11-01

Full Text Available O grande problema no controle do movimento diz respeito à redução da redundância do sistema motor, convertendo-o a um sistema controlável. A aprendizagem cerebelar pela realimentação do erro propõe, de forma simples e engenhosa, uma solução biologicamente plausível para este problema, com uma importante característica: é um processo que deve ser aprendido. Importantes aspectos relativos a estas questões são discutidos neste artigo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: controle motor – aprendizagem motora – aprendizagem cerebelar The great problem about controlling the movement is the reduction of the motor system redundance, converting it into a controlable system. The cerebellar feedback errar learning praposes, by simple and ingenius way, one biologic plausible solution to this problem, with an important feature: it is a process that has to be learnt. Some important aspects about these questions are being discussed in this paper. KEY WORDS: Motor contrai – Motor learning – Cerebellar learning

EEG correlates of verbal and nonverbal working memory

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Danker Jared

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Distinct cognitive processes support verbal and nonverbal working memory, with verbal memory depending specifically on the subvocal rehearsal of items. Methods We recorded scalp EEG while subjects performed a Sternberg task. In each trial, subjects judged whether a probe item was one of the three items in a study list. Lists were composed of stimuli from one of five pools whose items either were verbally rehearsable (letters, words, pictures of common objects or resistant to verbal rehearsal (sinusoidal grating patterns, single dot locations. Results We found oscillatory correlates unique to verbal stimuli in the θ (4–8 Hz, α (9–12 Hz, β (14–28 Hz, and γ (30–50 Hz frequency bands. Verbal stimuli generally elicited greater power than did nonverbal stimuli. Enhanced verbal power was found bilaterally in the θ band, over frontal and occipital areas in the α and β bands, and centrally in the γ band. When we looked specifically for cases where oscillatory power in the time interval between item presentations was greater than oscillatory power during item presentation, we found enhanced β activity in the frontal and occipital regions. Conclusion These results implicate stimulus-induced oscillatory activity in verbal working memory and β activity in the process of subvocal rehearsal.

Comparative Analysis of Verbal and Non-Verbal Mental Activity Components Regarding the Young People with Different Intellectual Levels

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Y. M. Revenko

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The paper maintains that for developing the educational pro- grams and technologies adequate to the different stages of students’ growth and maturity, there is a need for exploring the natural determinants of intel- lectual development as well as the students’ individual qualities affecting the cognition process. The authors investigate the differences of the intellect manifestations with the reference to the gender principle, and analyze the correlations be- tween verbal and non-verbal components in boys and girls’ mental activity depending on their general intellect potential. The research, carried out in Si- berian State Automobile Road Academy and focused on the first year stu- dents, demonstrates the absence of gender differences in students’ general in- tellect levels; though, there are some other conformities: the male students of different intellectual levels show the same correlation coefficient of verbal and non-verbal intellect while the female ones have the same correlation only at the high intellect level. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need for the integral ap- proach to raising students’ mental abilities considering the close interrelation between the verbal and non-verbal component development. The teaching materials should stimulate different mental qualities by differentiating the educational process to develop students’ individual abilities. 

Risk factors for infant developmental problems Factores de riesgo para problemas de desarrollo infantil Fatores de risco para problemas de desenvolvimento infantil

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Margaret Rose Santa Maria-Mengel

2007-10-01

Full Text Available This descriptive-correlational study aimed to detect risks for child developmental problems in the first four years of age, to identify the protective resources in the familiar environment, and to verify the best predictive variables of the development at risk. The non-clinical sample was composed by 120 children registered in a Family Health Program. The assessment instruments for global development, expressive language and familiar environment were used. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the lower the father's educational level, the higher the risk for developmental problems. Both the history of low nutritional state at six months of age and the psychosocial risk in the family environment increased the chances of having expressive language problems. It is concluded that screening tests of risk for developmental problems and the analysis of the psychosocial factors in the familiar context should be considered as preventive intervention procedure in the Family Health Programs.El estudio descriptivo-correlacional objetiva detectar riesgos para problemas del desarrollo del niño en los cuatro primeros años, identificar recursos protectores en el ambiente familiar, verificar las mejores variables antedichas del desarrollo en riesgo, en una muestra no-clínica de 120 niños registrados en un Programa de Salud de la Familia. Fueron utilizados instrumentos de evaluación del desarrollo global, lenguaje expresivo del niño y ambiente familiar. El análisis de regresión logística indicó que cuanto menor escolaridad del padre, mayor chance de riesgo para problemas de desarrollo. El histórico del estado nutricional debajo de lo normal a los seis meses de edad y el riesgo psicosocial en el ambiente familiar aumentaba la probabilidad de problemas de lenguaje expresivo. Concluyendo, la selección de riesgos para problemas de desarrollo del niño y el análisis de factores psicosociales del contexto familiar deben incluirse como

El maltrato infantil: un problema mundial

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SANTANA-TAVIRA ROSALINDA

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Al abordar el maltrato infantil se presentan diversos problemas: desconocimiento de la verdadera proporción de dicha problemática; raíces culturales e históricas profundas; diversidad de opiniones en cuanto a su definición y clasificación; dificultades en la investigación y, finalmente, una diversidad de consideraciones sobre sus repercusiones y su manejo terapéutico. En el presente artículo se estudia el maltrato infantil desde sus antecedentes históricos, así como sus clasificaciones, sus definiciones y su epidemiología. Asimismo, se revisan las repercusiones y se plantean las alternativas de tratamiento que en la bibliografía existente se han manejado como fundamentales para enfrentar este fenómeno cada vez más alarmante. Queda subrayada la necesidad de unificar criterios en cuanto a la definición y clasificación de información científica en torno a datos demográficos que, finalmente, hablarán de la realidad del problema, de los avances relacionados con sus causas, su diagnóstico, sus medidas preventivas y su tratamiento. Es fundamental utilizar medidas tendientes a prevenir el maltrato, pues una gran parte de los problemas en el niño se ven reflejados en la vida adulta. Se comparan las distintas clasificaciones en torno al tema, así como las características tanto del agredido como del agresor en los distintos tipos de maltrato.

Problemas multiplicativos envolvendo combinatória: estratégias de resolução empregadas por alunos do Ensino Fundamental público Multiplicative problems including combinatorics: solving strategies adopted by Public Elementary School students

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Leny R. M. Teixeira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho apresentamos os dados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo verificar o desempenho de alunos do 6.° ao 9.° anos do Ensino Fundamental na resolução de oito problemas multiplicativos, envolvendo raciocínio combinatório. Os problemas diferiam em relação à quantidade de variáveis e à quantidade de algarismos utilizados nos fatores. Para tanto, por meio de uma entrevista clínica levantamos as principais estratégias e erros produzidos por 40 alunos de duas escolas públicas (A e B da cidade de Campo Grande-MS, as quais fizeram parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla realizada anteriormente. Os dados revelam que o desempenho foi melhor nos problemas com duas variáveis e com fatores de valores baixos, não havendo diferença de desempenho entre alunos do 6.° e do 9.° anos. De modo geral, as dificuldades que emergiram estavam relacionadas: 1 aos modelos intuitivos que os alunos têm a respeito da multiplicação (em especial o da soma repetida; 2 a estrutura semântica do problema; 3 as preferências numéricas quanto ao tamanho dos números, formas de representar o problema e interpretação do enunciado verbal. Por ser a multiplicação uma operação bastante complexa envolvendo, em sua resolução, processos cognitivos abstratos, acreditamos que o professor precisa conhecê-los para favorecer a aprendizagem dos alunos.This work presents data from a study which aimed at verifying the performance of Elementary School 6th and 9th graders when solving eight multiplicative problems involving combinatorial thinking. The problems were different concerning the amount of variables and the amount of numerical digits used in factors. Therefore, through a clinical interview, we listed the main strategies and mistakes produced by 40 graders from two public schools (A and B in the municipality of Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul - MS - State which were part of a larger research developed before. The observations reveal that the performance

Problemas en la interpretación de la FFT

OpenAIRE

Acocella, Emilio Carlos; Tierra, Carlos J.

1995-01-01

La Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT) es una herramienta muy útil para diversas aplicaciones. Sin embargo, algunos aspectos relativos a la Transformada Discreta de Fourier (DFT) son ignorados, pudiendo en muchas ocasiones llevar a interpretaciones erróneas. El presente estudio trata de los problemas que pueden resultar del hecho que al DFT corresponde al muestreo de la Transformada de Fourier. Se presentan casos típicos en los que ocurre este problema y son propuestas soluciones para evitar...

Preverbal and verbal counting and computation.

Science.gov (United States)

Gallistel, C R; Gelman, R

1992-08-01

We describe the preverbal system of counting and arithmetic reasoning revealed by experiments on numerical representations in animals. In this system, numerosities are represented by magnitudes, which are rapidly but inaccurately generated by the Meck and Church (1983) preverbal counting mechanism. We suggest the following. (1) The preverbal counting mechanism is the source of the implicit principles that guide the acquisition of verbal counting. (2) The preverbal system of arithmetic computation provides the framework for the assimilation of the verbal system. (3) Learning to count involves, in part, learning a mapping from the preverbal numerical magnitudes to the verbal and written number symbols and the inverse mappings from these symbols to the preverbal magnitudes. (4) Subitizing is the use of the preverbal counting process and the mapping from the resulting magnitudes to number words in order to generate rapidly the number words for small numerosities. (5) The retrieval of the number facts, which plays a central role in verbal computation, is mediated via the inverse mappings from verbal and written numbers to the preverbal magnitudes and the use of these magnitudes to find the appropriate cells in tabular arrangements of the answers. (6) This model of the fact retrieval process accounts for the salient features of the reaction time differences and error patterns revealed by experiments on mental arithmetic. (7) The application of verbal and written computational algorithms goes on in parallel with, and is to some extent guided by, preverbal computations, both in the child and in the adult.

Verbal Skills in Children with ADHD. Short Report

Science.gov (United States)

Andreou, G.; Agapitou, P.; Karapetsas, A.

2005-01-01

The present study examined whether ADHD children exhibit low verbal IQ (VIQ) and distinguishable test profile on the Verbal comprehension (VC) and Freedom from distractibility (FFD) factors, and whether gender influences their verbal abilities. At the Laboratory of Neuropsychology of the Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly,…

Reacciones adversas y problemas relacionados con medicamentos en un servicio de urgencia

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Güemes Artiles Martín

1999-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Las Reacciones Adversas a Medicamentos y los Problemas Relacionados con Medicamentos (PRM, son una causa frecuente de asistencia en los servicios de urgencias y requieren una mejor evaluación. MÉTODO: Se analizaron 1.097 admisiones consecutivas en el servicio de urgencias de "Nuestra Señora de los Volcanes" (actualmente "Hospital General de Lanzarote" en Arrecife de Lanzarote (Islas Canarias durante un período de tres meses, para determinar la existencia de Reacciones Adversas a Medicamentos o de otros problemas relacionados con fármacos. RESULTADOS: Diecinueve de las 1.097 admisiones se debieron a reacciones adversas a medicamentos (1.73%; 95 % CI: 0.96 % - 2.5%. Entre los otros "Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos", destacaron la intoxicación por medicamentos, que se diagnosticó en 5 de los pacientes (0.45%; el agravamiento del cuadro clínico por supresión del medicamento apareció en 8 (0.72% y los tratamientos inadecuados que precisaron atención médica en el servicio de urgencia fueron 11 (1.0%. El número total de problemas relacionados con medicamentos en la muestra fue de 43 (3.9%. Los problemas relacionados con medicamentos causaron hospitalización en el 1.9% de los pacientes atendidos en urgencias y resultó ser la causa de hospitalización en el 9.6% del total de ingresos urgentes en el hospital durante el periodo de estudio. En cuanto a las reacciones adversas a medicamentos causaron 4.1% del total de ingresos en el hospital. CONCLUSIONES: Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos son un problema frecuente, importante y no bien estudiado en los servicios de urgencias. Además, los servicios de urgencias pueden actuar como el primer sitio de reconocimiento para las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en la población ambulatoria.

Aprendizaje basado en problemas

OpenAIRE

Morral, A.; Bou, T.; Cabot, A.; Capitán, A.; Díaz, J.; Fatjó, J.; Macaya, J.L.; Montmany, A.; Romero, D.

2002-01-01

Desde el Área de fundamentos de Fisioterapia y con el objetivo de mejorar nuestra calidad docente, iniciamos durante el curso 1999-2000 un conjunto de actividades alrededor de una metodología docente conocida internacionalmente como "problem-based learning". En este articulo explicaremos brevemente en qué consiste el aprendizaje a partir de problemas y cuáles podrían ser las ventajas, desventajas y las posibilidades de implementar este métodos dentro de la Diplomatura de Fisioterapia. T...

Citation Analysis of Skinner's "Verbal Behavior:" 1984-2004

Science.gov (United States)

Dymond, S.; O'Hora, D.; Whelan, R.; O'Donovan, A.

2006-01-01

The present study undertook an updated citation analysis of Skinner's (1957) "Verbal Behavior". All articles that cited "Verbal Behavior" between 1984 and 2004 were recorded and content analyzed into one of five categories; four empirical and one nonempirical. Of the empirical categories, studies that employed a verbal operant from Skinner's…

Cognitive correlates of verbal memory and verbal fluency in schizophrenia, and differential effects of various clinical symptoms between male and female patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Brébion, Gildas; Villalta-Gil, Victoria; Autonell, Jaume; Cervilla, Jorge; Dolz, Montserrat; Foix, Alexandrina; Haro, Josep Maria; Usall, Judith; Vilaplana, Miriam; Ochoa, Susana

2013-06-01

Impairment of higher cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia might stem from perturbation of more basic functions, such as processing speed. Various clinical symptoms might affect cognitive efficiency as well. Notably, previous research has revealed the role of affective symptoms on memory performance in this population, and suggested sex-specific effects. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of an extensive neuropsychological study of 88 patients with schizophrenia. Regression analyses were conducted on verbal memory and verbal fluency data to investigate the contribution of semantic organisation and processing speed to performance. The role of negative and affective symptoms and of attention disorders in verbal memory and verbal fluency was investigated separately in male and female patients. Semantic clustering contributed to verbal recall, and a measure of reading speed contributed to verbal recall as well as to phonological and semantic fluency. Negative symptoms affected verbal recall and verbal fluency in the male patients, whereas attention disorders affected these abilities in the female patients. Furthermore, depression affected verbal recall in women, whereas anxiety affected it in men. These results confirm the association of processing speed with cognitive efficiency in patients with schizophrenia. They also confirm the previously observed sex-specific associations of depression and anxiety with memory performance in these patients, and suggest that negative symptoms and attention disorders likewise are related to cognitive efficiency differently in men and women. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

El embarazo en situación de adolescencia: una impostura en la subjetividad femenina

OpenAIRE

Myriam Oviedo; María Cristina García

2011-01-01

En este texto cuestionamos el embarazo adolescente como problema social, y la adolescencia como edad. Además estudiamos el deseo materno instalado en el inconsciente por la cultura como inherente al ser mujer, y examinamos las motivaciones de las adolescentes para el embarazo. Ofrecemos un lugar de análisis, frente a la pregunta: ¿Por qué se embarazan las adolescentes?, según la cual ésta es una impostura de la adultez femenina, gestada en los escenarios de construcción de la subjetividad, qu...

Indicadores de calidad en repositorios de acceso abierto

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De Giusti, Marisa Raquel

2017-01-01

Objetivos de la charla: Reflexionar sobre qué se entiende por calidad en los repositorios de acceso abierto: ¿dimensiones, aspectos, parámetros? La definición de la Norma ISO 9000 no deja dudas: “Calidad: grado en el que un conjunto de características inherentes a un objeto (producto, servicio, proceso, persona, organización, sistema o recurso) cumple con los requisitos.” El requisito es un problema porque es la expectativa del usuario, del cliente. Ahora, ¿de qué modo “se mide” esa calida...

Un estudio preliminar de los factores predictores de la conducta de atracón en tres culturas: México, Argentina y España

OpenAIRE

Gilda Gómez-Peresmitré

2013-01-01

La conducta de atracón, el incremento en su frecuencia que incide en el riesgo asociado a trastorno alimentario, así como su relación con sobrepeso y obesidad constituyen un problema de salud vigente a nivel nacional e internacional. El objetivo de la investigación fue explorar, identificar y describir los factores de riesgo que se interrelacionan y explican la Conducta de Atracón, poniendo especial interés en las similitudes y diferencias inherentes a muestras de tres diferentes países de ha...

Evaluación de una variante de control de acceso al medio inalámbrico para tiempo real basada en 802.11e

OpenAIRE

Friedrich, Guillermo Rodolfo; Alimenti, Omar; Reggiani, Guillermo; Maidana, Federico; Tonietti, Santiago; Gomez de Marco, Damián

2010-01-01

Las tecnologías inalámbricas son una buena elección para trabajar en ambientes industriales, donde es necesario interconectar sistemas móviles o bien se desea evitar el cableado de sensores y controladores en planta. Sin embargo estas tecnologías presentan problemas de confiabilidad y temporizado inherentes a las características de los canales de radio, a los mecanismos de acceso al medio, etc. El estándar 802.11e provee dos alternativas de acceso al medio (EDCA y HCCA) con cuatro niveles de ...

The N-Word: Reducing Verbal Pollution in Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Fisher, Ericka J.

2008-01-01

In this article, the author focuses on the crisis of verbal pollution in our society. "Verbal pollution" refers to the use of words and comments that the majority agrees are offensive, are damaging, and may lead to the deterioration of social institutions. Verbal pollution encompasses hate speech, such as the derogatory words used by…

La preeclampsia un problema de salud pública mundial

OpenAIRE

Vargas H,Víctor Manuel; Acosta A,Gustavo; Moreno E,Mario Adán

2012-01-01

La preeclampsia es un problema de salud pública y una de las principales causas de muerte materna. La prevalencia oscila entre 1,8-16,7%. La causa sigue desconocida y se asocia a problemas de salud importantes, existiendo muchos retos para la predicción, prevención y tratamiento. Las medidas profilácticas como dosis baja de aspirina y suplementos de calcio, requieren mayor evidencia para uso rutinario. El control prenatal, diagnóstico oportuno, manejo adecuado, y parto son las medidas más efi...

Visuo-spatial abilities are key for young children's verbal number skills.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornu, Véronique; Schiltz, Christine; Martin, Romain; Hornung, Caroline

2018-02-01

Children's development of verbal number skills (i.e., counting abilities and knowledge of the number names) presents a milestone in mathematical development. Different factors such as visuo-spatial and verbal abilities have been discussed as contributing to the development of these foundational skills. To understand the cognitive nature of verbal number skills in young children, the current study assessed the relation of preschoolers' verbal and visuo-spatial abilities to their verbal number skills. In total, 141 children aged 5 or 6 years participated in the current study. Verbal number skills were regressed on vocabulary, phonological awareness and visuo-spatial abilities, and verbal and visuo-spatial working memory in a structural equation model. Only visuo-spatial abilities emerged as a significant predictor of verbal number skills in the estimated model. Our results suggest that visuo-spatial abilities contribute to a larger extent to children's verbal number skills than verbal abilities. From a theoretical point of view, these results suggest a visuo-spatial, rather than a verbal, grounding of verbal number skills. These results are potentially informative for the conception of early mathematics assessments and interventions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Young children's coding and storage of visual and verbal material.

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Perlmutter, M; Myers, N A

1975-03-01

36 preschool children (mean age 4.2 years) were each tested on 3 recognition memory lists differing in test mode (visual only, verbal only, combined visual-verbal). For one-third of the children, original list presentation was visual only, for another third, presentation was verbal only, and the final third received combined visual-verbal presentation. The subjects generally performed at a high level of correct responding. Verbal-only presentation resulted in less correct recognition than did either visual-only or combined visual-verbal presentation. However, because performances under both visual-only and combined visual-verbal presentation were statistically comparable, and a high level of spontaneous labeling was observed when items were presented only visually, a dual-processing conceptualization of memory in 4-year-olds was suggested.

The Multiple Control of Verbal Behavior

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Michael, Jack; Palmer, David C.; Sundberg, Mark L.

2011-01-01

Amid the novel terms and original analyses in Skinner's "Verbal Behavior", the importance of his discussion of multiple control is easily missed, but multiple control of verbal responses is the rule rather than the exception. In this paper we summarize and illustrate Skinner's analysis of multiple control and introduce the terms "convergent…

Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: some things are better left unsaid.

Science.gov (United States)

Schooler, J W; Engstler-Schooler, T Y

1990-01-01

It is widely believed that verbal processing generally improves memory performance. However, in a series of six experiments, verbalizing the appearance of previously seen visual stimuli impaired subsequent recognition performance. In Experiment 1, subjects viewed a videotape including a salient individual. Later, some subjects described the individual's face. Subjects who verbalized the face performed less well on a subsequent recognition test than control subjects who did not engage in memory verbalization. The results of Experiment 2 replicated those of Experiment 1 and further clarified the effect of memory verbalization by demonstrating that visualization does not impair face recognition. In Experiments 3 and 4 we explored the hypothesis that memory verbalization impairs memory for stimuli that are difficult to put into words. In Experiment 3 memory impairment followed the verbalization of a different visual stimulus: color. In Experiment 4 marginal memory improvement followed the verbalization of a verbal stimulus: a brief spoken statement. In Experiments 5 and 6 the source of verbally induced memory impairment was explored. The results of Experiment 5 suggested that the impairment does not reflect a temporary verbal set, but rather indicates relatively long-lasting memory interference. Finally, Experiment 6 demonstrated that limiting subjects' time to make recognition decisions alleviates the impairment, suggesting that memory verbalization overshadows but does not eradicate the original visual memory. This collection of results is consistent with a recording interference hypothesis: verbalizing a visual memory may produce a verbally biased memory representation that can interfere with the application of the original visual memory.

Teoría de juegos aplicada a problemas de bancarrota.

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Hinojosa Ramos, Miguel Ángel

2003-01-01

Full Text Available En una situación de bancarrota adquiere gran relevancia la cuestión de cómo dividir el valor neto de la empresa entre sus acreedores. En este trabajo se da respuesta a este problema económico usando reglas de reparto para problemas de bancarrota. Se usará como instrumento la Teoría de Juegos, en particular nos centraremos en los Juegos Cooperativos, y definiremos el Juego de Bancarrota asociado con los Problemas de Bancarrota a través de la definición de Juego de Bancarrota, indicando conceptos de solución en dicho juego. Se ha realizado una aplicación al Plan de Ayudas a la Investigación en Andalucía para el año 2001, en el que se calcularán el valor de Shapley, el nucleolo y el τ-valor.

Reflections on "Verbal Behavior" at 60

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Schlinger, Henry D., Jr.

2017-01-01

In the present essay, commemorating the 60th anniversary of the publication of B. F. Skinner's "Verbal Behavior", I stand by and defend the judgment I expressed in my article "The Long Goodbye: Why B. F. Skinner's 'Verbal Behavior' Is Alive and Well on the 50th Anniversary of Its Publication" (2008c)--that Skinner's…

Estratégia Educacional Baseada em Problemas para Grandes Grupos: Relato de Experiência

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Sonia Leite da Silva

Full Text Available RESUMO Nos últimos anos, o olhar sobre a formação dos profissionais de saúde tem se intensificado, particularmente sobre aquela que possa impactar a resolução dos problemas de saúde da população. Um dos aspectos para o alcance desta demanda refere-se a uma formação que incorpore metodologias ativas no processo ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes da saúde. Neste entendimento, tomando como referência metodologias de aprendizagem baseada em problemas, as quais utilizam certos passos para a resolução de problemas, e diante dos desafios de trabalhar com grandes grupos, desenvolveu-se a estratégia educacional denominada Ciclo de Discussão de Problemas (CDP. Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o CDP como uma estratégia educacional utilizada em grandes grupos no ensino da graduação em saúde. Esta estratégia ancora-se nos princípios de metodologia ativa, pois utiliza problemas com temáticas comuns aos cursos da área da saúde, para desenvolver nos alunos o aprendizado autodirigido, a habilidade de solucionar problemas, o pensamento crítico e o estudo colaborativo, além da visão integrada das ciências básicas. Esta estratégia envolve dois momentos em sala de aula para cada problema: análise e resolução, englobando 12 passos.

Verbal and non-verbal semantic impairment: From fluent primary progressive aphasia to semantic dementia

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Mirna Lie Hosogi Senaha

Full Text Available Abstract Selective disturbances of semantic memory have attracted the interest of many investigators and the question of the existence of single or multiple semantic systems remains a very controversial theme in the literature. Objectives: To discuss the question of multiple semantic systems based on a longitudinal study of a patient who presented semantic dementia from fluent primary progressive aphasia. Methods: A 66 year-old woman with selective impairment of semantic memory was examined on two occasions, undergoing neuropsychological and language evaluations, the results of which were compared to those of three paired control individuals. Results: In the first evaluation, physical examination was normal and the score on the Mini-Mental State Examination was 26. Language evaluation revealed fluent speech, anomia, disturbance in word comprehension, preservation of the syntactic and phonological aspects of the language, besides surface dyslexia and dysgraphia. Autobiographical and episodic memories were relatively preserved. In semantic memory tests, the following dissociation was found: disturbance of verbal semantic memory with preservation of non-verbal semantic memory. Magnetic resonance of the brain revealed marked atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe. After 14 months, the difficulties in verbal semantic memory had become more severe and the semantic disturbance, limited initially to the linguistic sphere, had worsened to involve non-verbal domains. Conclusions: Given the dissociation found in the first examination, we believe there is sufficient clinical evidence to refute the existence of a unitary semantic system.

Niveles de verbalización y resolución colaborativa de problemas poco estructurados

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José D. Chávez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se describieron las verbalizaciones de seis estudian - tes universitarios que resolvieron colaborativamen - te un problema poco estructurado. Partiendo de que aportaban información sobre la regulación metacog - nitiva y la solución de problemas, las verbalizacio - nes fueron categorizadas en niveles. Se utilizaron matrices espacio estado para interpretar los niveles de verbalización y los procesos de resolución de problemas poco estructurados. Se evidenció el predo - minio de verbalizaciones no reguladas, la ausencia de verbalizaciones relacionadas a la elaboración de justificaciones y la superficialidad del monitoreo y la evaluación. La evidencia apoya la idea de que la interacción entre pares no mejora por sí misma la solución de problemas. Los resultados invitan al diseño de situaciones de resolución de problemas que efectivamente promuevan la regulación meta - cognitiva entre pares.

Boécio e o problema dos futuros contingentes

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William de Siqueira Piauí

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Esse artigo representa nossa crença de que é possível introduzir o pensamento de Boécio a partir de um dos problemas mais recorrentes da filosofia, o problema dos futuros contingentes, explicitando, a partir daquela problemática é claro, quais as ligações mais fundamentais entre três de suas obras, seus dois comentários ao De Interpretatione de Aristóteles e sua Consolaçáo da Filosofia, e, de forma bastante resumida evidentemente, como o alcance do pensamento contido nessas obras chega até pelo menos a filosofia kantiana.

COMUNICAÇÃO VERBAL E NÃO-VERBAL DE MÃE CEGA DURANTE A HIGIENE CORPORAL DA CRIANÇA

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Luana Duarte Wanderley

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La mujer ciega debe recibir orientaciones sobre el cuidado con el bebé. El objetivo fue analizar la comunicación verbal y no verbal de la madre ciega con movilidad limitada con niño y enfermera durante la higiene corporal. Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, tipo estudio de caso, con análisis cuantitativo realizado en 2009. La comunicación madre/hijo y madre/enfermera fue filmada y analizada por seis jueces. Hubo predominancia de la madre como destinataria con la enfermera y uso de la función emotiva en las verbalizaciones con el niño en la comunicación verbal. Ya en la comunicación no verbal, prevaleció la distancia íntima entre madre/hijo y la personal entre madre/enfermera. La madre demostró miedo al bañar al niño. Se concluye que las distancias establecidas facilitaron la interacción de la madre con el bebé y de ésta con la profesional. Independiente de las dificultades motora y visual, la madre no sufrió daños verbales en el establecimiento de su proceso comunicativo.

Differential patterns of prefrontal MEG activation during verbal & visual encoding and retrieval.

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Prendergast, Garreth; Limbrick-Oldfield, Eve; Ingamells, Ed; Gathercole, Susan; Baddeley, Alan; Green, Gary G R

2013-01-01

The spatiotemporal profile of activation of the prefrontal cortex in verbal and non-verbal recognition memory was examined using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Sixteen neurologically healthy right-handed participants were scanned whilst carrying out a modified version of the Doors and People Test of recognition memory. A pattern of significant prefrontal activity was found for non-verbal and verbal encoding and recognition. During the encoding, verbal stimuli activated an area in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and non-verbal stimuli activated an area in the right. A region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also showed significant activation during the encoding of non-verbal stimuli. Both verbal and non-verbal stimuli significantly activated an area in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the right anterior prefrontal cortex during successful recognition, however these areas showed temporally distinct activation dependent on material, with non-verbal showing activation earlier than verbal stimuli. Additionally, non-verbal material activated an area in the left anterior prefrontal cortex during recognition. These findings suggest a material-specific laterality in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during encoding for verbal and non-verbal but also support the HERA model for verbal material. The discovery of two process dependent areas during recognition that showed patterns of temporal activation dependent on material demonstrates the need for the application of more temporally sensitive techniques to the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in recognition memory.

Argumentation, confrontation et violence verbale fulgurante Argumentative Processes, Confrontation and Acute Verbal Abuse

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Claudine Moïse

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Si nous avons défini la violence verbale fulgurante comme une montée en tension caractérisée par des actes menaçants directs (provocation, menace, insultes… et la violence polémique comme un discours à visée argumentative mobilisant des procédés discursifs indirects (implicites, ironie…, on ne peut considérer ces deux types de discours comme hermétiques. À travers des scènes de violences verbales quotidiennes dans l’espace public et institutionnel (contrôles, convocations, verbalisations…, constituées pour un DVD pédagogique, il s’agit de montrer comment dans des interactions caractérisées par la violence fulgurante, certains procédés argumentatifs particuliers et que nous décrirons, sont utilisés, avec force efficacité, à des fins de déstabilisation et de prise de pouvoir sur l’autre. Our research has defined severe verbal abuse as built up tension characterized by directly threatening acts (such as provocation, threats, insults, and polemical violence as argumentative discourse which mobilizes indirect discursive devices, such as implicit discourse relations and irony. Yet, neither type of discourse can be considered to be impervious to mutual influence. Based on the content of an educational DVD featuring acted out scenes of daily verbal abuse taking place in public and institutional spaces (i.e., checks, summons, fines, we will show how specific argumentative devices, which we will describe, are very efficiently used within interactions that are characterised by severe abuse, with the aim of destabilizing and taking control over somebody.

Cognitive Predictors of Verbal Memory in a Mixed Clinical Pediatric Sample

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Shelley C. Heaton

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Verbal memory problems, along with other cognitive difficulties, are common in children diagnosed with neurological and/or psychological disorders. Historically, these “memory problems” have been poorly characterized and often present with a heterogeneous pattern of performance across memory processes, even within a specific diagnostic group. The current study examined archival neuropsychological data from a large mixed clinical pediatric sample in order to understand whether functioning in other cognitive areas (i.e., verbal knowledge, attention, working memory, executive functioning may explain some of the performance variability seen across verbal memory tasks of the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS. Multivariate analyses revealed that among the cognitive functions examined, only verbal knowledge explained a significant amount of variance in overall verbal memory performance. Further univariate analyses examining the component processes of verbal memory indicated that verbal knowledge is specifically related to encoding, but not the retention or retrieval stages. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in other clinical samples, to examine whether verbal knowledge predicts performance on other verbal memory tasks and to explore whether these findings also hold true for visual memory tasks. Successful replication of the current study findings would indicate that interventions targeting verbal encoding deficits should include efforts to improve verbal knowledge.

El método de las ponderaciones en el problema fraccional lineal multiobjetivo

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Hernández Huelin, Mónica.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Dentro de la programación matemática no lineal, el problema que se ha abordado más en términos teóricos y algorítmicos es el problema convexo. Cuando estamos ante una función fraccional, no tenemos convexidad, pero sí otras buenas propiedades que pueden hacer más o menos fácil la elaboración de algoritmos propios de resolución del problema. En este trabajo nos centramos en adaptar el Método de las Ponderaciones, uno de los métodos clásicos de resolución a priori del problema multiobjetivo convexo, al caso no convexo de objetivos fraccionales lineales. Dado que no tenemos convexidad ni concavidad de las funciones objetivo, y esta condición es básica para la aplicación de dicho método, estudiaremos este inconveniente con profundidad, estableciendo condiciones bajo las cuales resulta válido este método como generador de los conjuntos eficiente y débilmente eficiente de nuestro problema. Para ello se plantea la necesidad de un estudio detallado de los conceptos de pseudoconvexidad, cuasiconvexidad, invexidad, pseudoinvexidad, etc.. Ofreceremos además un contraejemplo que nos muestra que, si no se dan las condiciones que previamente estableceremos, el Método de las Ponderaciones no es válido para generar todo el conjunto débilmente eficiente de nuestro problema

Cálculo : problemas y soluciones

OpenAIRE

Estela Carbonell, M. Rosa; Cuello Nebot, Eva; Carmona Mejías, Ángeles

2000-01-01

Los problemas contenidos en el libro que se presenta son el resultado de cuatro años de docencia en la asignatura Cálcul I de la ETSECCPB. En ellos se desarrolla el cálculo diferencial e integral de una y varias variables, así como una introducción a las sucesiones y series funcionales, con lo que se pretende cubrir cualquier programa de un primer curso de cálculo.

Condom use: exploring verbal and non-verbal communication strategies among Latino and African American men and women.

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Zukoski, Ann P; Harvey, S Marie; Branch, Meredith

2009-08-01

A growing body of literature provides evidence of a link between communication with sexual partners and safer sexual practices, including condom use. More research is needed that explores the dynamics of condom communication including gender differences in initiation, and types of communication strategies. The overall objective of this study was to explore condom use and the dynamics surrounding condom communication in two distinct community-based samples of African American and Latino heterosexual couples at increased risk for HIV. Based on 122 in-depth interviews, 80% of women and 74% of men reported ever using a condom with their primary partner. Of those who reported ever using a condom with their current partner, the majority indicated that condom use was initiated jointly by men and women. In addition, about one-third of the participants reported that the female partner took the lead and let her male partner know she wanted to use a condom. A sixth of the sample reported that men initiated use. Although over half of the respondents used bilateral verbal strategies (reminding, asking and persuading) to initiate condom use, one-fourth used unilateral verbal strategies (commanding and threatening to withhold sex). A smaller number reported using non-verbal strategies involving condoms themselves (e.g. putting a condom on or getting condoms). The results suggest that interventions designed to improve condom use may need to include both members of a sexual dyad and focus on improving verbal and non-verbal communication skills of individuals and couples.

Belief attribution despite verbal interference.

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Forgeot d'Arc, Baudouin; Ramus, Franck

2011-05-01

False-belief (FB) tasks have been widely used to study the ability of individuals to represent the content of their conspecifics' mental states (theory of mind). However, the cognitive processes involved are still poorly understood, and it remains particularly debated whether language and inner speech are necessary for the attribution of beliefs to other agents. We present a completely nonverbal paradigm consisting of silent animated cartoons in five closely related conditions, systematically teasing apart different aspects of scene analysis and allowing the assessment of the attribution of beliefs, goals, and physical causation. In order to test the role of language in belief attribution, we used verbal shadowing as a dual task to inhibit inner speech. Data on 58 healthy adults indicate that verbal interference decreases overall performance, but has no specific effect on belief attribution. Participants remained able to attribute beliefs despite heavy concurrent demands on their verbal abilities. Our results are most consistent with the hypothesis that belief attribution is independent from inner speech.

Verbal Abuse among Students in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

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Ayuwat, Tiwawan

2017-01-01

This study aimed to investigate verbal abuse of the students in Ubon Ratchathani Province. The results indicated that the verbal abuse of the students consisted of three aspects: words, intonation, and contents. Based on an overview, verbal abuse behavior was at a low level with the mean at 0.90. When the three aspects were investigated, words were at the highest level with a mean of 1.05, followed with intonation and contents with the mean at 0.96 and 0.78, respectively. Verbal abuse of the ...

Contabilidad de Costos I. - Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra

OpenAIRE

Morillo Moreno, Marysela C.

2008-01-01

ÍNDICE Introducción Problemas sobre terminología básica Problemas básicos sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilidad de Costos Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación Problemas sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilida...

MODELO DE COMUNICACIÓN NO VERBAL EN DEPORTE Y BALLET NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION MODELS IN SPORTS AND BALLET

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Gloria Vallejo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio analiza el modelo de comunicación que se genera en los entrenadores de fútbol y de gimnasia artística a nivel profesional, y en los instructores de ballet en modalidad folklórica, tomando como referente el lenguaje corporal dinámico propio de la comunicación especializada de deportistas y bailarines, en la que se evidencia lenguaje no verbal. Este último se estudió tanto en prácticas psicomotrices como sociomotrices, para identificar y caracterizar relaciones entre diferentes conceptos y su correspondiente representación gestual. Los resultados indican que el lenguaje no verbal de los entrenadores e instructores toma ocasionalmente el lugar del lenguaje verbal, cuando este último resulta insuficiente o inapropiado para describir una acción motriz de gran precisión, debido a las condiciones de distancia o de interferencias acústicas. En los instructores de ballet se encontró una forma generalizada de dirigir los ensayos utilizando conteos rítmicos con las palmas o los pies. De igual forma, se destacan los componentes paralingüísticos de los diversos actos de habla, especialmente, en lo que se refiere a entonación, duración e intensidad.This study analyzes the communication model generated among professional soccer trainers, artistic gymnastics trainers, and folkloric ballet instructors, on the basis of the dynamic body language typical of specialized communication among sportspeople and dancers, which includes a high percentage of non-verbal language. Non-verbal language was observed in both psychomotor and sociomotor practices in order to identify and characterize relations between different concepts and their corresponding gestural representation. This made it possible to generate a communication model that takes into account the non-verbal aspects of specialized communicative contexts. The results indicate that the non-verbal language of trainers and instructors occasionally replaces verbal language when the

Differential patterns of prefrontal MEG activation during verbal & visual encoding and retrieval.

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Garreth Prendergast

Full Text Available The spatiotemporal profile of activation of the prefrontal cortex in verbal and non-verbal recognition memory was examined using magnetoencephalography (MEG. Sixteen neurologically healthy right-handed participants were scanned whilst carrying out a modified version of the Doors and People Test of recognition memory. A pattern of significant prefrontal activity was found for non-verbal and verbal encoding and recognition. During the encoding, verbal stimuli activated an area in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and non-verbal stimuli activated an area in the right. A region in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also showed significant activation during the encoding of non-verbal stimuli. Both verbal and non-verbal stimuli significantly activated an area in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the right anterior prefrontal cortex during successful recognition, however these areas showed temporally distinct activation dependent on material, with non-verbal showing activation earlier than verbal stimuli. Additionally, non-verbal material activated an area in the left anterior prefrontal cortex during recognition. These findings suggest a material-specific laterality in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during encoding for verbal and non-verbal but also support the HERA model for verbal material. The discovery of two process dependent areas during recognition that showed patterns of temporal activation dependent on material demonstrates the need for the application of more temporally sensitive techniques to the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in recognition memory.

Measuring Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Aphasia: Reliability, Validity, and Sensitivity to Change of the Scenario Test

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van der Meulen, Ineke; van de Sandt-Koenderman, W. Mieke E.; Duivenvoorden, Hugo J.; Ribbers, Gerard M.

2010-01-01

Background: This study explores the psychometric qualities of the Scenario Test, a new test to assess daily-life communication in severe aphasia. The test is innovative in that it: (1) examines the effectiveness of verbal and non-verbal communication; and (2) assesses patients' communication in an interactive setting, with a supportive…

Predictors of nurses' experience of verbal abuse by nurse colleagues.

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Keller, Ronald; Krainovich-Miller, Barbara; Budin, Wendy; Djukic, Maja

Between 45% and 94% of registered nurses (RNs) experience verbal abuse, which is associated with physical and psychological harm. Although several studies examined predictors of RNs' verbal abuse, none examined predictors of RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues. To examine individual, workplace, dispositional, contextual, and interpersonal predictors of RNs' reported experiences of verbal abuse from RN colleagues. In this secondary analysis, a cross-sectional design with multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of 23 predictors on verbal abuse by RN colleagues in a sample of 1,208 early career RNs. Selected variables in the empirical intragroup conflict model explained 23.8% of variance in RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues. A number of previously unstudied factors were identified that organizational leaders can monitor and develop or modify policies to prevent early career RNs' experiences of verbal abuse by RN colleagues. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The nature of the verbal self-monitor

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Ganushchak, Aleksandra (Lesya) Yurievna

2008-01-01

This thesis investigated the correlates of verbal self-monitoring in healthy adults. The central questions addressed in the thesis are: Does verbal monitoring work in a similar way as action monitoring? If the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is associated with error processing in action monitoring,

Membangun Koneksi Matematis Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Verbal

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Nurfaidah Tasni

2017-07-01

Full Text Available [Bahasa]: Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan proses membangun koneksi matematis dalam pemecahan masalah verbal atau soal cerita. Pada proses penyelesaian masalah verbal, diidentifikasi beberapa jenis koneksi yang dibangun siswa. Jenis soal dikembangkan berdasarkan karakteristik koneksi matematis menurut NCTM, yaitu koneksi antar topik matematika, koneksi dengan disiplin ilmu lain, dan koneksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui hasil kerja siswa dan wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap 2 orang subjek yang dipilih dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini mengunkap ada tujuh jenis koneksi yang dibangun oleh siswa pada saat menyelesaikan masalah verbal, yaitu: koneksi pemahaman, koneksi jika maka, koneksi representasi yang setara, koneksi hirarki, koneksi perbandingan melalui bentuk umum, koneksi prosedur, dan koneksi justifikasi dan representasi. Kata kunci:   Koneksi Matematis; Pemecahan Masalah; Soal Verbal [English]: The current research aims to describe the process of developing mathematical connection in solving verbal or word mathematics problems. In solving problems, the mathematical connections developed by the subjects are identified. The mathematics problems refer to the characteristics of mathematical connections by NCTM, i.e. connections within mathematics topics, connection with other fileds, and connections with daily life. Data collection is conducted through students’ work and semi-structure interview with two subjects. The subjects are selected through purposive sampling. This research reveals seven kinds of mathematical connections developed by the subjects in solving verbal mathematics problems, i.e. connection in understanding, if then connection, equal representation connection, hierarchy connection, proportion connection through general form, procedure connection, and justification and representation connection.    Keywords: Mathematical Connection; Problem Solving; Verbal Problems

Verbal aptitude and the use of grammar information in Serbian language

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Lalović Dejan

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The research presented in this paper was an attempt to find differences in the use of grammatical information carried by the function words in Serbian. The aim was to determine the level of word processing at which grammatical information shows its differential effects in groups of subjects who themselves differ in verbal ability. For this purpose, the psycholinguistic tasks applied were grammatically primed reading aloud and grammatically primed grammatical classification with an appropriate control of extra-linguistic factors that may have affected aforementioned tasks. Verbal aptitude was assessed in a psychometric manner, and the subjects were divided into "high verbal" and "low verbal" groups. Taking into account statistical control of extra-linguistic factors, the results indicate that groups of high verbal and low verbal subjects cannot be differentiated based on reading aloud performance. The high verbal subjects, however, were more efficient in grammatical classification than low verbal subjects. The results also indicated that the presence of grammatical information embedded in function words-primes had a stronger effect on word processing in low verbal group. Such pattern of results testify to the advantage of high verbal subjects in lexical and post lexical processing, while no differences were established in the word recognition processes. The implications of these findings were considered in terms of test construction for the assessment of verbal ability in Serbian language. .

Diagnostic causal reasoning with verbal information.

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Meder, Björn; Mayrhofer, Ralf

2017-08-01

In diagnostic causal reasoning, the goal is to infer the probability of causes from one or multiple observed effects. Typically, studies investigating such tasks provide subjects with precise quantitative information regarding the strength of the relations between causes and effects or sample data from which the relevant quantities can be learned. By contrast, we sought to examine people's inferences when causal information is communicated through qualitative, rather vague verbal expressions (e.g., "X occasionally causes A"). We conducted three experiments using a sequential diagnostic inference task, where multiple pieces of evidence were obtained one after the other. Quantitative predictions of different probabilistic models were derived using the numerical equivalents of the verbal terms, taken from an unrelated study with different subjects. We present a novel Bayesian model that allows for incorporating the temporal weighting of information in sequential diagnostic reasoning, which can be used to model both primacy and recency effects. On the basis of 19,848 judgments from 292 subjects, we found a remarkably close correspondence between the diagnostic inferences made by subjects who received only verbal information and those of a matched control group to whom information was presented numerically. Whether information was conveyed through verbal terms or numerical estimates, diagnostic judgments closely resembled the posterior probabilities entailed by the causes' prior probabilities and the effects' likelihoods. We observed interindividual differences regarding the temporal weighting of evidence in sequential diagnostic reasoning. Our work provides pathways for investigating judgment and decision making with verbal information within a computational modeling framework. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of proactive interference on non-verbal working memory.

Science.gov (United States)

Cyr, Marilyn; Nee, Derek E; Nelson, Eric; Senger, Thea; Jonides, John; Malapani, Chara

2017-02-01

Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system responsible for actively maintaining and processing relevant information and is central to successful cognition. A process critical to WM is the resolution of proactive interference (PI), which involves suppressing memory intrusions from prior memories that are no longer relevant. Most studies that have examined resistance to PI in a process-pure fashion used verbal material. By contrast, studies using non-verbal material are scarce, and it remains unclear whether the effect of PI is domain-general or whether it applies solely to the verbal domain. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of PI in visual WM using both objects with high and low nameability. Using a Directed-Forgetting paradigm, we varied discriminability between WM items on two dimensions, one verbal (high-nameability vs. low-nameability objects) and one perceptual (colored vs. gray objects). As in previous studies using verbal material, effects of PI were found with object stimuli, even after controlling for verbal labels being used (i.e., low-nameability condition). We also found that the addition of distinctive features (color, verbal label) increased performance in rejecting intrusion probes, most likely through an increase in discriminability between content-context bindings in WM.

A qualitative study on non-verbal sensitivity in nursing students.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Zenobia C Y

2013-07-01

To explore nursing students' perception of the meanings and roles of non-verbal communication and sensitivity. It also attempts to understand how different factors influence their non-verbal communication style. The importance of non-verbal communication in the health arena lies in the need for good communication for efficient healthcare delivery. Understanding nursing students' non-verbal communication with patients and the influential factors is essential to prepare them for field work in the future. Qualitative approach based on 16 in-depth interviews. Sixteen nursing students from the Master of Nursing and the Year 3 Bachelor of Nursing program were interviewed. Major points in the recorded interviews were marked down for content analysis. Three main themes were developed: (1) understanding students' non-verbal communication, which shows how nursing students value and experience non-verbal communication in the nursing context; (2) factors that influence the expression of non-verbal cues, which reveals the effect of patients' demographic background (gender, age, social status and educational level) and participants' characteristics (character, age, voice and appearance); and (3) metaphors of non-verbal communication, which is further divided into four subthemes: providing assistance, individualisation, dropping hints and promoting interaction. Learning about students' non-verbal communication experiences in the clinical setting allowed us to understand their use of non-verbal communication and sensitivity, as well as to understand areas that may need further improvement. The experiences and perceptions revealed by the nursing students could provoke nurses to reconsider the effects of the different factors suggested in this study. The results might also help students and nurses to learn and ponder their missing gap, leading them to rethink, train and pay more attention to their non-verbal communication style and sensitivity. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

O efeito da terapia comportamental para enurese sobre outros problemas de comportamento

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Rodrigo Fernando Pereira

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do tratamento para enurese sobre os escores de outros problemas de comportamento. Foram coletadas as informações de 97 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes atendidos no período de 2002 a 2006 em uma clínica-escola de psicologia, em programa específico para enurese com uso do alarme de urina. Os dados sobre problemas de comportamento foram avaliados por meio do Child Behavior Checklist, respondido pelas mães antes e depois do tratamento. Foi encontrada uma redução significativa nos escores de problemas de comportamento, independentemente do sucesso ou não no tratamento para enurese.

Verbal episodic memory in young hypothyroid patients

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Vatsal Priyadarshi Pandey

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Context: Hypothyroidism affects cognitive functions especially memory. However, most of the previous studies have generally evaluated older hypothyroid patients and sample size of these studies varied in terms of age range. Aims: To see whether hypothyroidism affects memory in young patients. Settings and Design: The sample consisted of 11 hypothyroid patients with an age of 18–49 and 8 healthy controls matched on age and education. Subjects and Methods: Verbal episodic memory was assessed using Hindi adaptation of Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Statistical Analysis Used: An independent t-test was used to see the difference between mean performance of the patient group and healthy control on memory measures. Results: Results indicated nonsignificant difference between verbal episodic memory of patient group and healthy controls. Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that hypothyroidism may not affect younger patients in terms of episodic verbal memory the same way as it does in the older patients.

The mainstreaming of verbally aggressive online political behaviors.

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Cicchirillo, Vincent; Hmielowski, Jay; Hutchens, Myiah

2015-05-01

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between verbal aggression and uncivil media attention on political flaming. More specifically, this paper examines whether the use of uncivil media programming is associated with the perceived acceptability and intention to engage in aggressive online discussions (i.e., online political flaming) and whether this relationship varies by verbal aggression. The results show that individuals less inclined to engage in aggressive communication tactics (i.e., low in verbal aggression) become more accepting of flaming and show greater intention to flame as their attention to uncivil media increases. By contrast, those with comparatively higher levels of verbal aggression show a decrease in acceptance and intention to flame as their attention to these same media increases.

Comparing verbal aspect in Slavic and Gothic

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Genis, R.; van der Liet, H.; Norde, M.

2012-01-01

Much has been written and said about Gothic verbal aspect, especially since the publications of Streitberg (1891 a.f.). Opinions have varied and according to some authors there is no such thing as verbal aspect in Gothic. Others maintain there is and both camps have defended their positions

Establishing Vocal Verbalizations in Mute Mongoloid Children.

Science.gov (United States)

Buddenhagen, Ronald G.

Behavior modification as an attack upon the problem of mutism in mongoloid children establishes the basis of the text. Case histories of four children in a state institution present the specific strategy of speech therapy using verbal conditioning. Imitation and attending behavior, verbal chaining, phonetic theory, social reinforcement,…

Music increases frontal EEG coherence during verbal learning.

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Peterson, David A; Thaut, Michael H

2007-02-02

Anecdotal and some empirical evidence suggests that music can enhance learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which music modulates the neural activity associated with learning and memory remain largely unexplored. We evaluated coherent frontal oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) while subjects were engaged in a modified version of Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Subjects heard either a spoken version of the AVLT or the conventional AVLT word list sung. Learning-related changes in coherence (LRCC) were measured by comparing the EEG during word encoding on correctly recalled trials to the immediately preceding trial on which the same word was not recalled. There were no significant changes in coherence associated with conventional verbal learning. However, musical verbal learning was associated with increased coherence within and between left and right frontal areas in theta, alpha, and gamma frequency bands. It is unlikely that the different patterns of LRCC reflect general performance differences; the groups exhibited similar learning performance. The results suggest that verbal learning with a musical template strengthens coherent oscillations in frontal cortical networks involved in verbal encoding.

EL ÁLGEBRA LINEAL Y EL PROBLEMA DE MÁXIMOS Y MÍNIMOS

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Santiago Relos Paco

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta una aplicación del álgebra lineal al problema de máximos y mínimos de funciones a varias variables. Se considera una función , U abierto y f dos veces diferenciable, se toma un punto tal que , se plantea el problema de determinar si en este punto existe un máximo, mínimo o ninguna de estas situaciones. Se calcula , como se sabe esta segunda derivada es una matriz simétrica en , dependiendo de la signatura de se dará una respuesta al problema planteado.

Verbal and visual divergent thinking in aging.

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Palmiero, Massimiliano; Nori, Raffaella; Piccardi, Laura

2017-04-01

According to the peak and decline model divergent thinking declines at a specific age (in or after middle age). However, if divergent thinking declines steadily in aging still has to be clarified. In order to explore the age-related changes in verbal and visual divergent thinking, in the present study a sample of 159 participants was divided in five age groups: young adults (18-35 years), middle-aged adults (36-55), young old (56-74), old (75-85) and the oldest-old (86-98). Two divergent thinking tasks were administered: the alternative uses for cardboard boxes, aimed at assessing verbal ideational fluency, flexibility and originality; the completion drawing task, aimed at assessing visual ideational fluency, flexibility and originality. Results showed that after peaking in the young adult group (20-35 years) all components of verbal and visual divergent thinking stabilized in the middle-aged adult group (36-55 years) and then started declining in the young old group (56-75). Interestingly, all components were found to be preserved after declining. Yet, verbal and visual divergent thinking were found at the same extent across age groups, with the exception of visual ideational fluency, that was higher in the young old group, the old group and the oldest-old group than verbal ideational fluency. These results support the idea that divergent thinking does not decline steadily in the elderly. Given that older people can preserve to some extent verbal and visual divergent thinking, these findings have important implications for active aging, that is, divergent thinking might be fostered in aging in order to prevent the cognitive decline.

Problemas médicos habituales relacionados con la paciente embarazada

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V. Lorena Quiroz, DRA.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Problemas médicos como enfermedades del tiroides, deficiencia de vitamina D, anemia, infecciones del tracto urinario e insulino resistencia entre otros, pueden complicar el embarazo. Dado las molestias propias de la gestación, muchas de estas patologías no son diagnosticadas ni tratadas, aumentando la morbilidad materna y fetal. Algunas de estas enfermedades tienen diferentes criterios diagnósticos comparados con la mujer no embarazada. Se revisan los criterios diagnósticos y tratamientos de los problemas médicos más frecuentes en el embarazo.

Máquinas hidráulicas: teoría y problemas

OpenAIRE

Zamora Parra, Blas; Viedma Robles, Antonio

2016-01-01

Máquinas Hidráulicas (Teoría y Problemas), es un texto orientado a la docencia de las Máquinas Hidráulicas en titulaciones relacionadas con las Ingenierías Industrial y Energética. El enfoque del libro es fundamentalmente académico para un nivel de posgrado, por lo que presenta una colección completa de problemas propuestos, y otros resueltos, que pueden ayudar a conseguir un conocimiento firmemente asentado en sus principios físicos sobre las Máquinas Hidráulicas y sus instalaciones. Se ha p...

Un modelo de programación binaria mixta para el problema generalizado de la p-centdiana

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Marisa Martinez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Los problemas de localización tratan de averiguar la ubicación de las instalaciones de una empresa de modo que se minimicen los costes o se maximicen los beneficios. Dos de los modelos más utilizados en localización en redes son el problema de la p-mediana y el problema del p-centro. El primero consiste en minimizar la suma total de las distancias ponderadas, mientras que el segundo trata de minimizar la máxima distancia ponderada desde un centro de servicio hasta sus usuarios asignados. El objetivo del problema de la p-mediana hace que sea eficiente pero no equitativo, mientras que la cota implícita en el problema del p-centro lo convierte en equitativo pero no eficiente. Para combinar ambos aspectos, aparece en la década de los 70 un nuevo problema, el de la p-centdiana, cuya función objetivo es una mezcla de las dos anteriores. En este trabajo presentamos un modelo de programación binaria mixta para el problema generalizado de la p-centdiana sobre una red en el que los pesos asociados al p-centro y a la p-mediana no son necesariamente iguales. El primer paso para resolver el problema es identificar su conjunto dominante finito. En consecuencia, previamente a la descripción del modelo, proponemos un algoritmo que nos permitirá calcular este conjunto.

Problemas actuales del automóvil y el futuro del mismo

OpenAIRE

Gómez San Martín, María Begoña

2011-01-01

315 p. El automóvil es un elemento indispensable en la sociedad actual a nivel mundial. Pero presenta serios problemas no resueltos al día de hoy, ocasionados principalmente por el combustible universalmente utilizado: el petróleo. Estos problemas plantean serias preocupaciones cara al futuro. En esta Tesis realizamos una investigación y una prospección sobre los posibles elementos energéticos sustitutivos del petróleo.

Resolución estructurada de problemas a través del método Kobetsu Kaizen

OpenAIRE

Torre Llera, Francisco

2017-01-01

En este Trabajo Fin de Grado nos centraremos en explicar la importancia de la resolución de problemas dentro de una empresa. Definiremos los métodos seguidos por una empresa para conseguir la resolución de problemas. En este caso, nos centraremos en la resolución estructurada de problemas. Más concretamente, nos centraremos en resolver el problema de control visual de los discos en busca de defectos de fundición. El método a aplicar será el Kobetsu Kaizen, relacionado con la...

Verbal working memory deficits predict levels of auditory hallucination in first-episode psychosis.

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Gisselgård, Jens; Anda, Liss Gøril; Brønnick, Kolbjørn; Langeveld, Johannes; Ten Velden Hegelstad, Wenche; Joa, Inge; Johannessen, Jan Olav; Larsen, Tor Ketil

2014-03-01

Auditory verbal hallucinations are a characteristic symptom in schizophrenia. Recent causal models of auditory verbal hallucinations propose that cognitive mechanisms involving verbal working memory are involved in the genesis of auditory verbal hallucinations. Thus, in the present study, we investigate the hypothesis that verbal working memory is a specific factor behind auditory verbal hallucinations. In the present study, we investigated the association between verbal working memory manipulation (Backward Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing) and auditory verbal hallucinations in a population study (N=52) of first episode psychosis. The degree of auditory verbal hallucination as reported in the P3-subscale of the PANSS interview was included as dependent variable using sequential multiple regression, while controlling for age, psychosis symptom severity, executive cognitive functions and simple auditory working memory span. Multiple sequential regression analyses revealed verbal working memory manipulation to be the only significant predictor of verbal hallucination severity. Consistent with cognitive data from auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy individuals, the present results suggest a specific association between auditory verbal hallucinations, and cognitive processes involving the manipulation of phonological representations during a verbal working memory task. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recent Research on Emergent Verbal Behavior: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

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Grow, Laura L.; Kodak, Tiffany

2010-01-01

Previous research on the acquisition of verbal behavior in children with developmental disabilities has focused on teaching four primary verbal operants: (1) "mand"; (2) "tact"; (3) "echoic"; and (4) "intraverbal". In Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior, he stated that each verbal operant is maintained by unique antecedent and consequence…

The present status of the study on the validity of concurrent verbalization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Megumi; Takahashi, Hideaki.

1993-09-01

We reviewed study on the validity of the method of verbal reports. The method of verbal reports gives us detailed information about human cognitive process as compared with observing a sequence of actions, while it is subjected to criticism for the validity as data. Ericsson and Simon proposed a model of verbalization and investigated conditions to keep verbal reports valid. Although a lot of studies quote their model as a base of adopting the method of verbal reports, verification the validity of verbal reports is incomplete because effects of verbalization is not clear. We pointed out that it is necessary to take into consideration kinds of task strategies, effects of trial repetition, effects of task difficulty to examine precisely effects of verbalization. (author)

Algunas consideraciones sobre el problema de la prostitución en colombia

OpenAIRE

Piñeros Piñeros, Víctor J.

2011-01-01

El problema de la prostitución es en todas partes y más entre nosotros, un problema muy complejo, que importa desentrañar y estudiar en sus principales aspectos: así, hay que considerar la prostitución en sí, y luégo en sus relaciones con la sociedad y sobre todo en su aspecto sanitario.

Working memory still needs verbal rehearsal.

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Lucidi, Annalisa; Langerock, Naomi; Hoareau, Violette; Lemaire, Benoît; Camos, Valérie; Barrouillet, Pierre

2016-02-01

The causal role of verbal rehearsal in working memory has recently been called into question. For example, the SOB-CS (Serial Order in a Box-Complex Span) model assumes that there is no maintenance process for the strengthening of items in working memory, but instead a process of removal of distractors that are involuntarily encoded and create interference with memory items. In the present study, we tested the idea that verbal working memory performance can be accounted for without assuming a causal role of the verbal rehearsal process. We demonstrate in two experiments using a complex span task and a Brown-Peterson paradigm that increasing the number of repetitions of the same distractor (the syllable ba that was read aloud at each of its occurrences on screen) has a detrimental effect on the concurrent maintenance of consonants whereas the maintenance of spatial locations remains unaffected. A detailed analysis of the tasks demonstrates that accounting for this effect within the SOB-CS model requires a series of unwarranted assumptions leading to undesirable further predictions contradicted by available experimental evidence. We argue that the hypothesis of a maintenance mechanism based on verbal rehearsal that is impeded by concurrent articulation still provides the simplest and most compelling account of our results.

Medio ambiente, ecología y desarrollo en Colombia

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Camilo Antonio Bohórquez Bohórquez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Colombia tiene unas características ambientales y ecológicas propias del neotrópico, que la hacen específica y única; sin embargo, los modelos de desarrollo implementados van en contravía de estas características. El artículo muestra cómo las polí- ticas gubernamentales desconocen las características inherentes al desarrollo humano sustentable, lo cual genera graves problemas ambientales urbanos y rurales. En contraposición se establecen algunos lineamientos generales para estructurar una propuesta de desarrollo basado en las características ecológicas colombianas.

When customers exhibit verbal aggression, employees pay cognitive costs.

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Rafaeli, Anat; Erez, Amir; Ravid, Shy; Derfler-Rozin, Rellie; Treister, Dorit Efrat; Scheyer, Ravit

2012-09-01

In 4 experimental studies, we show that customer verbal aggression impaired the cognitive performance of the targets of this aggression. In Study 1, customers' verbal aggression reduced recall of customers' requests. Study 2 extended these findings by showing that customer verbal aggression impaired recognition memory and working memory among employees of a cellular communication provider. In Study 3, the ability to take another's perspective attenuated the negative effects of customer verbal aggression on participants' cognitive performance. Study 4 linked customer verbal aggression to quality of task performance, showing a particularly negative influence of aggressive requests delivered by high-status customers. Together, these studies suggest that the effects of even minor aggression from customers can strongly affect the immediate cognitive performance of customer service employees and reduce their task performance. The implications for research on aggression and for the practice of customer service are discussed.

Verbal behavior: The other reviews

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, Terry J.

1992-01-01

The extensive attention devoted to Noam Chomsky's review of Verbal Behavior by B.F. Skinner has resulted in a neglect of more than a dozen other rewiews of the work. These are surveyed and found to be positive and congenial in tone, with many of the reviewers advancing his/her own analysis of speech and language. The dominant criticism of the book was its disregard of central or implicit processes and its lack of experimental data. An examination of the receptive history of Verbal Behavior offers a more balanced historical account than those which rely excessively on Chomsky's commentary PMID:22477049

Dissociating verbal and nonverbal audiovisual object processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Hocking, Julia; Price, Cathy J

2009-02-01

This fMRI study investigates how audiovisual integration differs for verbal stimuli that can be matched at a phonological level and nonverbal stimuli that can be matched at a semantic level. Subjects were presented simultaneously with one visual and one auditory stimulus and were instructed to decide whether these stimuli referred to the same object or not. Verbal stimuli were simultaneously presented spoken and written object names, and nonverbal stimuli were photographs of objects simultaneously presented with naturally occurring object sounds. Stimulus differences were controlled by including two further conditions that paired photographs of objects with spoken words and object sounds with written words. Verbal matching, relative to all other conditions, increased activation in a region of the left superior temporal sulcus that has previously been associated with phonological processing. Nonverbal matching, relative to all other conditions, increased activation in a right fusiform region that has previously been associated with structural and conceptual object processing. Thus, we demonstrate how brain activation for audiovisual integration depends on the verbal content of the stimuli, even when stimulus and task processing differences are controlled.

Prosody Predicts Contest Outcome in Non-Verbal Dialogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Dreiss, Amélie N; Chatelain, Philippe G; Roulin, Alexandre; Richner, Heinz

2016-01-01

Non-verbal communication has important implications for inter-individual relationships and negotiation success. However, to what extent humans can spontaneously use rhythm and prosody as a sole communication tool is largely unknown. We analysed human ability to resolve a conflict without verbal dialogs, independently of semantics. We invited pairs of subjects to communicate non-verbally using whistle sounds. Along with the production of more whistles, participants unwittingly used a subtle prosodic feature to compete over a resource (ice-cream scoops). Winners can be identified by their propensity to accentuate the first whistles blown when replying to their partner, compared to the following whistles. Naive listeners correctly identified this prosodic feature as a key determinant of which whistler won the interaction. These results suggest that in the absence of other communication channels, individuals spontaneously use a subtle variation of sound accentuation (prosody), instead of merely producing exuberant sounds, to impose themselves in a conflict of interest. We discuss the biological and cultural bases of this ability and their link with verbal communication. Our results highlight the human ability to use non-verbal communication in a negotiation process.

Los problemas de las fronteras humanitarias

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Ticktin, Miriam

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This text engages a critical analysis of humanitarian discourses and practices regarding our understanding of migration and the public policies developed in relation to the population movementsacross international borders. It is based on the premise that humanitarianism, even if well intentioned, can have pernicious effects if, eventually, it ends up replacing justice and migrants’ rights. To explore this paradox, the paper sequentially analyzes various problems associated with humanitarian aid: the problem of innocence —the understanding of refugees as victims calls for humanitarian compassion—; the problem with emergency —«rapid response» operations inhibit the contextualized and historical understanding of the root causes of the problems—; and, finally, the problem of compassion —humanitarianism privilegessentiments over rights. The study of these three key features of humanitarianism in Europe and the USA fosters a healthy skepticism of the emerging forms of the legitimation of exclusion. The article also explores alternative political and discursive strategies which allow for new imaginaries to confront migratory processes beyond borders and humanitarianism, breaking up their dynamic of reproduction of social inequalities and placing justice in the horizon of action.Este texto plantea un análisis crítico del papel de los discursos y prácticas humanitaristas en nuestra concepción de la migración y en las políticas públicas desarrolladas en relación a la movilidad poblacional a través de las fronteras internacionales. Se parte de la premisa de que el humanitarismo, aunque fuera bien intencionado, puede tener efectos perniciosos sobre la situación que se vive en las fronteras, especialmente si acaba por sustituir a la justicia y a los derechos que tienen los emigrantes. Para estudiar esta paradoja, el texto analiza, sucesivamente, varios problemas asociados a la acción humanitaria: el problema con la inocencia �

Los museos: un instrumento para el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP

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Yosajandi Pérez Campillo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Diversos estudios han demostrado que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP es una propuesta educativa innovadora, que se caracteriza porque promueve que el aprendizaje sea significativo y contribuye a desarrollar una serie de habilidades y competencias indispensables para el crecimiento intelectual de cualquier persona. Sin embargo, esta estretegia implica repensar los problemas como problemas para aprender partiendo de preguntas que sean relevantes para los alumnos en el contexto del aprendizaje de ciencias. Y es justamente, el planteamiento de estas preguntas lo que hace complejo al ABP, pues platear "buenas preguntas" no es fácil, se requiere no sólo de habilidad y práctica sino también un conocimiento mínimo del tema y motivación para iniciar una investigación. Por lo anterior, una de las preocupaciones es encontrar los mecanismos que permitan introducir y motivar al estudiante para que sea capaz de plantear preguntas (problemas. En el presente trabajo se describen la propuesta de una serie de actividades que tienen como propósito preparar a un grupo de estudiantes de bachillerato para que planteen "buenas preguntas" de investigación sobre el tema de minerales. Para lograrlo, se considera el uso de varios recursos como: la visita a los museos, la lectura y análisis de textos y la actividad experimental.

Problemas en la investigación procesal-penal del feminicidio en el Perú.

OpenAIRE

Tuesta, Diego; Mujica, Jaris

2015-01-01

La tipificación del feminicidio en el Perú conlleva diversos problemas para la investigación preparatoria en el campo judicial. Basado en el registro cualitativo de la experiencia de fiscales especializados y el cuerpo de forense de los cuatro distritos judiciales de Lima, este artículo describe los problemas centrales en el uso del tipo penal. El problema central identificado por los fiscales es la poca traductibilidad de la categoría “discriminación de género” a términos operativos en mater...

Erroneous verbalizations and risk taking at video lotteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Caron, Anne; Ladouceur, Robert

2003-05-01

This study examined the effect of erroneous perceptions verbalized by a game accomplice on participants' gambling. The sample consisted of 22 men and 10 women, aged 18 and older, who did not show excessive gambling problems, but who had played video lotteries at least once during the last 6 months. The participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups, where they gambled in the presence of an accomplice who verbalized three types of perceptions: (1) the accomplice emitted erroneous thoughts about gambling, (2) the accomplice verbalized adequate thoughts about gambling, or (3) the accomplice did not speak. Results showed that players exposed to an accomplice's erroneous verbalizations took significantly more risks than players in the other two groups. Erroneous perceptions appear to be easily transmissible and have impacts on gambling behaviour. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

Algunas consideraciones sobre el problema de la prostitución en Colombia

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Víctor J. Piñeros Piñeros

1935-01-01

Full Text Available El problema de la prostitución es en todas partes y más entre nosotros, un problema muy complejo, que importa desentrañar y estudiar en sus principales aspectos: así, hay que considerar la prostitución en sí, y luégo en sus relaciones con la sociedad y sobre todo en su aspecto sanitario.

Non-verbal communication barriers when dealing with Saudi sellers

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Yosra Missaoui

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Communication has a major impact on how customers perceive sellers and their organizations. Especially, the non-verbal communication such as body language, appearance, facial expressions, gestures, proximity, posture, eye contact that can influence positively or negatively the first impression of customers and their experiences in stores. Salespeople in many countries, especially the developing ones, are just telling about their companies’ products because they are unaware of the real role of sellers and the importance of non-verbal communication. In Saudi Arabia, the seller profession has been exclusively for foreign labor until 2006. It is very recently that Saudi workforce enters to the retailing sector as sellers. The non-verbal communication of those sellers has never been evaluated from consumer’s point of view. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the non-verbal communication barriers that customers are facing when dealing with Saudi sellers. After discussing the non-verbal communication skills that sellers must have in the light of the previous academic research and the depth interviews with seven focus groups of Saudi customers, this study found that the Saudi customers were not totally satisfied with the current non-verbal communication skills of Saudi sellers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to develop the non-verbal communication skills of Saudi sellers by intensive trainings, to distinguish more the appearance of their sellers, especially the female ones, to focus on the time of intervention as well as the proximity to customers.

Patients' perceptions of GP non-verbal communication: a qualitative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcinowicz, Ludmila; Konstantynowicz, Jerzy; Godlewski, Cezary

2010-02-01

During doctor-patient interactions, many messages are transmitted without words, through non-verbal communication. To elucidate the types of non-verbal behaviours perceived by patients interacting with family GPs and to determine which cues are perceived most frequently. In-depth interviews with patients of family GPs. Nine family practices in different regions of Poland. At each practice site, interviews were performed with four patients who were scheduled consecutively to see their family doctor. Twenty-four of 36 studied patients spontaneously perceived non-verbal behaviours of the family GP during patient-doctor encounters. They reported a total of 48 non-verbal cues. The most frequent features were tone of voice, eye contact, and facial expressions. Less frequent were examination room characteristics, touch, interpersonal distance, GP clothing, gestures, and posture. Non-verbal communication is an important factor by which patients spontaneously describe and evaluate their interactions with a GP. Family GPs should be trained to better understand and monitor their own non-verbal behaviours towards patients.

Una estimación óptima de los ratios de enlace para el cálculo de la provisión para siniestros pendientes

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Juan Antonio Ibarra Alfaraz

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La correcta determinación de la denominada Provisión para Siniestros Pendientes (PSP, concepto que agrupa tanto a los siniestros pendientes de declaración (IBNR como a los siniestros pendientes de liquidación o pago (IBNER, es uno de los problemas más importantes de la ciencia actuarial. El objetivo de este trabajo es plantear el problema del cálculo de la PSP desde un punto de vista bayesiano. El método de cálculo que proponemos considera la situación concreta de cada compañía, al incorporar al proceso de estimación su actitud frente a las consecuencias derivadas de los errores de estimación. La Teoría de la decisión estadística es el marco teórico desde el que se aborda el problema planteado. La adopción de este enfoque da lugar a unos estimadores óptimos e interpretables desde un punto de vista bayesiano, con las ventajas inherentes a esta metodología. En particular, la intervención del decisor va más allá de la mera gestión de los datos para convertirse en parte activa de la resolución del problema.

NEGOSIASI PENERJEMAHAN VERBAL - VISUAL DESAIN GRAFIS

OpenAIRE

Moeljadi Pranata

2000-01-01

Design is commonly regarded as an act of individual creation to which both verbalization and logical analysis are only peripherally relevant. This article reviews a research study about talking design by Tomes et al (1998) which involving graphic designers and their clients. The conclusion is that talking design -- verbal and visual -- is the design itself. Comments from a design-major student give more light to the research s outputs. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Desain umumnya dipandang s...

How verbal memory loads consume attention

OpenAIRE

Chen, Zhijian; Cowan, Nelson

2009-01-01

According to a traditional assumption about working memory, participants retain a series of verbal items for immediate recall using covert verbal rehearsal, without much need for attention. We reassessed this assumption by imposing a speeded, nonverbal choice reaction time (CRT) task following the presentation of each digit in a list to be recalled. When the memory load surpassed a few items, performance on the speeded CRT task became increasingly impaired. This CRT task impairment depended o...

Normal-range verbal-declarative memory in schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Heinrichs, R Walter; Parlar, Melissa; Pinnock, Farena

2017-10-01

Cognitive impairment is prevalent and related to functional outcome in schizophrenia, but a significant minority of the patient population overlaps with healthy controls on many performance measures, including declarative-verbal-memory tasks. In this study, we assessed the validity, clinical, and functional implications of normal-range (NR), verbal-declarative memory in schizophrenia. Performance normality was defined using normative data for 8 basic California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II; Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000) recall and recognition trials. Schizophrenia patients (n = 155) and healthy control participants (n = 74) were assessed for performance normality, defined as scores within 1 SD of the normative mean on all 8 trials, and assigned to normal- and below-NR memory groups. NR schizophrenia patients (n = 26) and control participants (n = 51) did not differ in general verbal ability, on a reading-based estimate of premorbid ability, across all 8 CVLT-II-score comparisons or in terms of intrusion and false-positive errors and auditory working memory. NR memory patients did not differ from memory-impaired patients (n = 129) in symptom severity, and both patient groups were significantly and similarly disabled in terms of functional status in the community. These results confirm a subpopulation of schizophrenia patients with normal, verbal-declarative-memory performance and no evidence of decline from higher premorbid ability levels. However, NR patients did not experience less severe psychopathology, nor did they show advantage in community adjustment relative to impaired patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Musical and verbal semantic memory: two distinct neural networks?

Science.gov (United States)

Groussard, M; Viader, F; Hubert, V; Landeau, B; Abbas, A; Desgranges, B; Eustache, F; Platel, H

2010-02-01

Semantic memory has been investigated in numerous neuroimaging and clinical studies, most of which have used verbal or visual, but only very seldom, musical material. Clinical studies have suggested that there is a relative neural independence between verbal and musical semantic memory. In the present study, "musical semantic memory" is defined as memory for "well-known" melodies without any knowledge of the spatial or temporal circumstances of learning, while "verbal semantic memory" corresponds to general knowledge about concepts, again without any knowledge of the spatial or temporal circumstances of learning. Our aim was to compare the neural substrates of musical and verbal semantic memory by administering the same type of task in each modality. We used high-resolution PET H(2)O(15) to observe 11 young subjects performing two main tasks: (1) a musical semantic memory task, where the subjects heard the first part of familiar melodies and had to decide whether the second part they heard matched the first, and (2) a verbal semantic memory task with the same design, but where the material consisted of well-known expressions or proverbs. The musical semantic memory condition activated the superior temporal area and inferior and middle frontal areas in the left hemisphere and the inferior frontal area in the right hemisphere. The verbal semantic memory condition activated the middle temporal region in the left hemisphere and the cerebellum in the right hemisphere. We found that the verbal and musical semantic processes activated a common network extending throughout the left temporal neocortex. In addition, there was a material-dependent topographical preference within this network, with predominantly anterior activation during musical tasks and predominantly posterior activation during semantic verbal tasks. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expectativas, consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México Alcohol use expectancy, intake, and related problems among college students in Mexico City?

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Jazmín Mora-Ríos

2001-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre las expectativas hacia el consumo de alcohol, los patrones de su uso y los problemas asociados a su consumo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en octubre de 1998, en el que participaron 678 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres entre los 17 y 25 años de edad, provenientes de universidades públicas y privadas. En él se midieron las expectativas a partir de un cuestionario de autorreporte, el Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ, que fue adaptado a esta población obteniendo una consistencia interna global elevada (alpha=0.93. RESULTADOS: Del total de los estudiantes, 31% presentó un consumo alto (mayor a cinco copas por ocasión de consumo en el último año, principalmente en los varones, mientras que 17% fueron no consumidores. Mediante un modelo estructural de ecuaciones se estudió la relación entre las subescalas de expectativas, el patrón de consumo y problemas asociados. El análisis de varianza mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre seis subescalas de expectativas (el alcohol como facilitador de la interacción grupal, expresividad verbal, desinhibición, incremento de la sexualidad, reducción de la tensión psicológica e incremento de la agresividad y las variables sexo, consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados (F=5.23, gl=1, phttp://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlOBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between alcohol use expectancies, drinking patterns, and alcohol-related problems, among college students in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 1998. Study subjects were 678 male and female college students aged between 17 and 25 years, from private and public schools. Alcohol expectancies were measured through the self-reported "Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire" (AEQ, adapted for this population, with a high overall internal reliability

Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Verbal Reports of Conversational Behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Benoit, William L.; Benoit, Pamela J.

1989-01-01

Investigates (1) whether subjects consult their memory or relevant implicit theories when making verbal reports, and (2) the effect of recognition criterion on verbal report performance. Finds that subjects occasionally employ implicit theories to develop their verbal reports, but that memory is much more important in determining the reports. (MM)

Getting the Message Across; Non-Verbal Communication in the Classroom.

Science.gov (United States)

Levy, Jack

This handbook presents selected theories, activities, and resources which can be utilized by educators in the area of non-verbal communication. Particular attention is given to the use of non-verbal communication in a cross-cultural context. Categories of non-verbal communication such as proxemics, haptics, kinesics, smiling, sound, clothing, and…

The heterogeneity of verbal short-term memory impairment in aphasia.

Science.gov (United States)

Majerus, Steve; Attout, Lucie; Artielle, Marie-Amélie; Van der Kaa, Marie-Anne

2015-10-01

Verbal short-term memory (STM) impairment represents a frequent and long-lasting deficit in aphasia, and it will prevent patients from recovering fully functional language abilities. The aim of this study was to obtain a more precise understanding of the nature of verbal STM impairment in aphasia, by determining whether verbal STM impairment is merely a consequence of underlying language impairment, as suggested by linguistic accounts of verbal STM, or whether verbal STM impairment reflects an additional, specific deficit. We investigated this question by contrasting item-based STM measures, supposed to depend strongly upon language activation, and order-based STM measures, supposed to reflect the operation of specific, serial order maintenance mechanisms, in a sample of patients with single-word processing deficits at the phonological and/or lexical level. A group-level analysis showed robust impairment for both item and serial order STM aspects in the aphasic group relative to an age-matched control group. An analysis of individual profiles revealed an important heterogeneity of verbal STM profiles, with patients presenting either selective item STM deficits, selective order STM deficits, generalized item and serial order STM deficits or no significant STM impairment. Item but not serial order STM impairment correlated with the severity of phonological impairment. These results disconfirm a strong version of the linguistic account of verbal STM impairment in aphasia, by showing variable impairment to both item and serial order processing aspects of verbal STM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using neuroplasticity-based auditory training to improve verbal memory in schizophrenia.

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Fisher, Melissa; Holland, Christine; Merzenich, Michael M; Vinogradov, Sophia

2009-07-01

Impaired verbal memory in schizophrenia is a key rate-limiting factor for functional outcome, does not respond to currently available medications, and shows only modest improvement after conventional behavioral remediation. The authors investigated an innovative approach to the remediation of verbal memory in schizophrenia, based on principles derived from the basic neuroscience of learning-induced neuroplasticity. The authors report interim findings in this ongoing study. Fifty-five clinically stable schizophrenia subjects were randomly assigned to either 50 hours of computerized auditory training or a control condition using computer games. Those receiving auditory training engaged in daily computerized exercises that placed implicit, increasing demands on auditory perception through progressively more difficult auditory-verbal working memory and verbal learning tasks. Relative to the control group, subjects who received active training showed significant gains in global cognition, verbal working memory, and verbal learning and memory. They also showed reliable and significant improvement in auditory psychophysical performance; this improvement was significantly correlated with gains in verbal working memory and global cognition. Intensive training in early auditory processes and auditory-verbal learning results in substantial gains in verbal cognitive processes relevant to psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. These gains may be due to a training method that addresses the early perceptual impairments in the illness, that exploits intact mechanisms of repetitive practice in schizophrenia, and that uses an intensive, adaptive training approach.

Variantes del problema del cartero mixto que se pueden resolver usando programación lineal

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Francisco Javier Zaragoza Martínez

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Dada una gráfica mixta y conexa con costos en sus aristas y arcos, el problema del cartero mixto consiste en encontrar un circuito cerrado de la gráfica mixta que recorra sus aristas y arcos a costo mínimo. Se sabe que este problema es NP-duro. Sin embargo, bajo ciertas condiciones adicionales, el problema se puede resolver en tiempo polinomial usando programación lineal, en otras palabras, los poliedros correspondientes son enteros. Algunas de estas condiciones son: la gráfica mixta es serie paralelo o la gráfica mixta tiene grado total par en todos sus vértices. Además, mostramos que si agregamos la restricción adicional de que cada arista se recorra exactamente una vez entonces el problema se puede resolver en tiempo polinomial si el conjunto de arcos forma un bosque. Palabras clave: Gráfica mixta, problema de cartero, programación lineal. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C45, 90C35.

Gender differences in verbal learning in older participants

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hogervorst, E.; Rahardjo, T.B.; Brayne, C.; Henderson, W.; Jolles, J.

2012-01-01

Gender differences in cognitive function may diminish with age. We investigated gender and gender-by-age interactions in relation to verbal learning. Cross-sectional data were available from seven cohorts. Meta-analyses indicated that overall verbal learning favored women. Performance declined with

A programação por restrições aplicada à um problema de corte unidimensional

OpenAIRE

Preissler Junior, Sigmundo

2009-01-01

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre o problema de corte unidimensional. Como resultado deste estudo, é proposta e desenvolvida uma aplicação da programação por restrições na solução do problema em uma aplicação industrial. O problema consiste em encontrar uma solução do factível para o problema de corte unidimensional de bobinas de aço, em uma situação real, considerando o tempo de preparação. O algoritmo gera planos de corte para um determinado período. Além da abordagem PSR (Programa...

Event-governed and verbally-governed behavior

OpenAIRE

Vargas, Ernest A.

1988-01-01

A number of statements prescribe behavior: apothegms, maxims, proverbs, instructions, and so on. These differing guides to conduct present varieties of the dictionary definition of “rules.” The term “rules” thus defines a category of language usage. Such a term, and its derivative, “rule-governed,” does not address a controlling relation in the analysis of verbal behavior. The prevailing confounding of a category of language with a category of verbal behavior appears related to a lack of unde...

Toward a functional analysis of private verbal self-regulation.

OpenAIRE

Taylor, I; O'Reilly, M F

1997-01-01

We developed a methodology, derived from the theoretical literatures on rule-governed behavior and private events, to experimentally investigate the relationship between covert verbal self-regulation and nonverbal behavior. The methodology was designed to assess whether (a) nonverbal behavior was under the control of covert rules and (b) verbal reports of these rules were functionally equivalent to the covert rules that control non-verbal behavior. The research was conducted in the context of...

Uporaba algoritmov inteligence rojev za rešitev problema dostavnih vozil

OpenAIRE

Hlastec, Urban

2018-01-01

V magistrski nalogi smo obravnavali in implementirali algoritem umetne kolonije čebel za reševanje problema dostavnih vozil z več skladišči. Zanimalo nas je, kako so algoritmi s področja inteligence rojev ustrezni in uporabni za reševanje optimizacijskih problemov. V nalogi smo združili algoritem umetne kolonije čebel ter algoritem za reševanje problema dostavnih vozil. Primerjali smo tudi rezultate pred optimizacijo različnih spremenljivk in po in tako ugotovili, kaj najbolj vpliva na hitros...

Problemas de bancarrota multi-escenario.

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Francisca J. Sánchez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Los problemas de bancarrota representan situaciones donde un número de individuos o entidades acreedoras realizan reclamaciones sobre un cierto bien (estado y el estado total disponible es insuficiente para satisfacer la demanda de todos los acreedores. En este trabajo consideramos el caso en que las reclamaciones de los acreedores dependen de distintos escenarios o que son diferentes bajo distintos estados de la naturaleza. Para obtener repartos del estado disponible en estas situaciones proponemos distintas reglas de división que pueden considerarse racionales independientemente del escenario considerado.

Verbal learning changes in older adults across 18 months.

Science.gov (United States)

Zimprich, Daniel; Rast, Philippe

2009-07-01

The major aim of this study was to investigate individual changes in verbal learning across a period of 18 months. Individual differences in verbal learning have largely been neglected in the last years and, even more so, individual differences in change in verbal learning. The sample for this study comes from the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging (ZULU; Zimprich et al., 2008a) and comprised 336 older adults in the age range of 65-80 years at first measurement occasion. In order to address change in verbal learning we used a latent change model of structured latent growth curves to account for the non-linearity of the verbal learning data. The individual learning trajectories were captured by a hyperbolic function which yielded three psychologically distinct parameters: initial performance, learning rate, and asymptotic performance. We found that average performance increased with respect to initial performance, but not in learning rate or in asymptotic performance. Further, variances and covariances remained stable across both measurement occasions, indicating that the amount of individual differences in the three parameters remained stable, as did the relationships among them. Moreover, older adults differed reliably in their amount of change in initial performance and asymptotic performance. Eventually, changes in asymptotic performance and learning rate were strongly negatively correlated. It thus appears as if change in verbal learning in old age is a constrained process: an increase in total learning capacity implies that it takes longer to learn. Together, these results point to the significance of individual differences in change of verbal learning in the elderly.

Algoritmos relax-and-cut para problemas de programação inteira 0-1

OpenAIRE

Victor Fernandes Cavalcante

2008-01-01

Resumo: Uma das principais motivações para o estudo de Otimização Discreta reside no elevado número de problemas do nosso cotidiano representáveis através de modelos de Otimização Inteira e Combinatória. Em particular, muitos destes problemas podem ser formulados com Programação Inteira 0-1, o que desperta especial interesse em técnicas capazes de resolver tais modelos. Dentre as inúmeras formas de solução atualmente disponíveis para problemas desta natureza, os algoritmos baseados na técnica...

Analisi matematica del problema dello spazio

CERN Document Server

Weyl, Hermann

1990-01-01

Al fine di rendere concettualmente evidente il privilegio posseduto dalla metrica pitagorico-riemanniana, e dalle varie metriche riemanniane "indefinite", rispetto alle altre metriche possibili, nel 1921 Weyl, stimolato dagli sviluppi della relatività einsteiniana (sulla quale aveva scritto il mirabile "Raum-Zeit-Materie"), intraprese un profondo studio del problema giovandosi dei metodi della teoria dei gruppi di Lie, studio che egli portò a conclusione con la monografia del 1923 intitolata "Mathematische Analyse des Raumproblems".

Problemas epistemológicos al historiar

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Alvar Ezquerra, Alfredo

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Not available.Se sintetiza los grandes problemas de la historiografía del XVI y deja al lector la reflexión abierta sobre la situación historiográfica actual. Las similitudes y divergencias entre las angustias y apuestas de aquellos historiadores y los de hoy, esto es, la percepción de la realidad y del pasado por medio de la Historia, ¿son aún iguales?

Mathematics as verbal behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Marr, M Jackson

2015-04-01

"Behavior which is effective only through the mediation of other persons has so many distinguishing dynamic and topographical properties that a special treatment is justified and indeed demanded" (Skinner, 1957, p. 2). Skinner's demand for a special treatment of verbal behavior can be extended within that field to domains such as music, poetry, drama, and the topic of this paper: mathematics. For centuries, mathematics has been of special concern to philosophers who have continually argued to the present day about what some deem its "special nature." Two interrelated principal questions have been: (1) Are the subjects of mathematical interest pre-existing in some transcendental realm and thus are "discovered" as one might discover a new planet; and (2) Why is mathematics so effective in the practices of science and engineering even though originally such mathematics was "pure" with applications neither contemplated or even desired? I argue that considering the actual practice of mathematics in its history and in the context of acquired verbal behavior one can address at least some of its apparent mysteries. To this end, I discuss some of the structural and functional features of mathematics including verbal operants, rule-and contingency-modulated behavior, relational frames, the shaping of abstraction, and the development of intuition. How is it possible to understand Nature by properly talking about it? Essentially, it is because nature taught us how to talk. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optimización multi-objetivo : Aplicaciones a problemas del mundo real

OpenAIRE

López, Javier

2013-01-01

Cuando hablamos de optimización en el ámbito de las ciencias de la computación hacemos referencia al mismo concepto coloquial asociado a esa palabra, la concreción de un objetivo utilizando la menor cantidad de recursos disponibles, o en una visión similar, la obtención del mejor objetivo posible utilizando todos los recursos con lo que se cuenta. Los métodos para encontrar la mejor solución (óptima) varían de acuerdo a la complejidad del problema enfrentado. Para problemas triviales, el c...

Los estilos de aprendizaje en la resolución de problemas

OpenAIRE

Crespo, Beatriz del Pilar; Lentini, María Cristina; Matulovich, Miriam Isabel; Lentini, Marta Lucía

2011-01-01

p. 187-194 Numerosos estudios realizados en el ámbito de la investigación en educación superior muestran que la repitencia es uno de los problemas a resolver en el ámbito universitario. Desde ese espacio, para superar tal problema, se generan propuestas tales como los cursos de ingreso o de nivelación, entre otros, que todavía no se reflejan en los aprendizajes de los alumnos ingresantes. En la búsqueda de alguna estrategia de enseñanza y aprendizaje superadora, repensamos nuestra investig...

Does verbal abuse leave deeper scars: a study of children and parents.

Science.gov (United States)

Ney, P G

1987-06-01

This study investigating the effects of verbal abuse on children and their abused parents, tends to support the clinical impression that verbal abuse may have a greater impact for a longer period of time. Although there are very few pure forms of verbal abuse, there are some parents who use verbal abuse but would hit their children, neglect them, or involve them in sex. Verbal abuse may become an increasingly frequent form of controlling and disciplining children because of the increased awareness of physical abuse and because of the possible declining value of children. Verbal abuse may have a greater impact because the abused child has greater difficulty defending himself from the attack. Because children tend to identify with their parents, the verbal abuse by their parents becomes a way in which they then abuse themselves.

A Meta-study of musicians' non-verbal interaction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Karl Kristoffer; Marchetti, Emanuela

2010-01-01

interruptions. Hence, despite the fact that the skill to engage in a non-verbal interaction is described as tacit knowledge, it is fundamental for both musicians and teachers (Davidson and Good 2002). Typical observed non-verbal cues are for example: physical gestures, modulations of sound, steady eye contact...

EN BUSCA DE LA PALABRA EXACTA. OBSERVACIÓN DEL PROCESO TRASLATIVO EN BUSCA DE LA PALABRA EXACTA. OBSERVACIÓN DEL PROCESO TRASLATIVO.

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Andrea Schäpers

2008-07-01

Full Text Available El objeto del presente estudio observacional es describir las estrategias aplicadas por un grupo de estudiantes españoles para resolver problemas léxicos que se plantean cuando han de traducir un texto desde su lengua materna al alemán. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo motivado por la investigación previa sobre métodos introspectivos y retrospectivos empleados para describir los procesos cognitivos inherentes a la traducción y , especialmente, para representar y verbalizar estrategias de resolución de problemas , que resultan imprescindibles para el aprendizaje de la traducción hacia una lengua extranjera. El diseño experimental está basado en una combinación de diferentes técnicas de obtención de datos para evitar los problemas intrínsecos de cada una de ellas . Los datos se han recopilado empleando Think Aloud Protocols (T A P en grupo, y el proceso traslativo se ha registrado mediante la herramienta informática Translog y una grabación de video. Estos datos empíricos se complementan mediante información retrospectiva recabada acerca de la tarea experimental.The purpose of this observational study is to describe the problem-solving strategies employed by a group of Spanish students in order to resolve lexical problems that arise from the translation of a text from their mother tongue into German. It is a qualitative study motivated by previous research on translation processes using introspective and retrospective methods in order to describe the cognitive processes involved in translation and, especially, to represent and verbalize problem-solving strategies, which are evidenced to be crucial for learning how to translate into a foreign language. The experimental design is based on a combination of different data-eliciting techniques in order to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each of them. Concurrent data are collected by means of group think-aloud protocols (TAP and the ongoing translation process is registered

Verbal communication of semantic content in products

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lenau, Torben Anker; Boelskifte, Per

2005-01-01

The purpose of the present research work is to explore how precise verbal communication can capture the semantic content of physical products. The paper presents an overview of the background and work done so far. Furthermore are ideas for future work discussed. The background includes the increa......The purpose of the present research work is to explore how precise verbal communication can capture the semantic content of physical products. The paper presents an overview of the background and work done so far. Furthermore are ideas for future work discussed. The background includes...... a number of the selected terms seem to have several interpretations causing ambiguous information. The work also suggests that more emphasis is needed in design education on training precise verbal communication concerning semantic contents in products....

Non-Verbal Communication in Children with Visual Impairment

Science.gov (United States)

Mallineni, Sharmila; Nutheti, Rishita; Thangadurai, Shanimole; Thangadurai, Puspha

2006-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine: (a) whether children with visual and additional impairments show any non-verbal behaviors, and if so what were the common behaviors; (b) whether two rehabilitation professionals interpreted the non-verbal behaviors similarly; and (c) whether a speech pathologist and a rehabilitation professional interpreted…

El Problema de Investigación: Algunos Aspectos Metodológicos e Históricos

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Gustavo Jaimes Monroy

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El problema científico, es sin duda el motor de la ciencia, se puede escribir la historia de la ciencia con base en las preguntas resueltas y por resolver. En los programas de postgrado, la formulación del problema suele ser difícil de  delimitar y contextualizar para el estudiante. El presente escrito es una reflexión sobre lo que significa la obtención de un problema científico y como podría este conocimiento ser útil para plantearlo.

Problemas escolares e o consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes

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Luciana Roberta Donola Cardoso

Full Text Available A relação entre problemas escolares e o uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas em 965 adolescentes dos municípios de Jacareí e Diadema (SP foi avaliada pelo instrumento de autopreenchimento Drug Use Screening Inventory. Este instrumento avalia o consumo de drogas e problemas a ele relacionados. O uso de substâncias foi associado a repetências, falta de concentração, notas baixas, desejo de abandonar a escola, sentir-se entediado no ambiente escolar, não fazer os deveres, faltar/chegar atrasado e prejuízos acadêmicos decorrentes do uso de drogas. A combinação do uso de álcool e tabaco foi associada a mais problemas escolares do que os encontrados em usuários exclusivos de álcool. Os problemas associados a esta combinação foram semelhantes aos observados em usuários de drogas ilícitas. Gostar da escola foi um fator protetor contra o uso de substâncias. Os resultados mostram a importância de se atentar para o relato de consumo das drogas lícitas combinadas.

Problemas psicosociales en hostelería

OpenAIRE

Pérez Martínez, Alberto

2015-01-01

Las metas consistirán en: 1- Describir los distintos factores psicosociales que pueden dar lugar a generar estrés en función de las condiciones de trabajo en el que se encuentran la plantilla. 2- Determinar los principales responsables de la existencia de riesgo en los problemas psicosociales. 3- Definir los puntos positivos que permiten unas buenas condiciones de trabajo psicosociales. He trabajado las competencias relativas al estudio que pretende el TFG. Competencias de Psicolo...

Identificación y analisis de los problemas presentes en los textos escolares sobre disoluciones y propiedades coligativas

OpenAIRE

Díaz, Edson

2013-01-01

En el presente trabajo se analizaron los problemas que se encuentran en los libros de texto de Química, utilizados por profesores y estudiantes, con la finalidad de poder hacer una clasificación en relación a la tipología de problemas presentes en ellos, sobre disoluciones y propiedades coligativas. Se trabajó con tres libros de secundaria. Se analizaron 142 problemas. A partir del análisis cualitativo- descriptivo se evidencia que hay mayor recurrencia de problemas de tipo artificial, ejerci...

The impact of the teachers' non-verbal communication on success in teaching.

Science.gov (United States)

Bambaeeroo, Fatemeh; Shokrpour, Nasrin

2017-04-01

Non-verbal communication skills, also called sign language or silent language, include all behaviors performed in the presence of others or perceived either consciously or unconsciously. The main aim of this review article was to determine the effect of the teachers' non-verbal communication on success in teaching using the findings of the studies conducted on the relationship between quality of teaching and the teachers' use of non-verbal communication and also its impact on success in teaching. Considering the research method, i.e. a review article, we searched for all articles in this field using key words such as success in teaching, verbal communication and non-verbal communication. In this study, we did not encode the articles. The results of this revealed that there was a strong relationship among the quality, amount and the method of using non-verbal communication by teachers while teaching. Based on the findings of the studies reviewed, it was found that the more the teachers used verbal and non-verbal communication, the more efficacious their education and the students' academic progress were. Under non-verbal communication, some other patterns were used. For example, emotive, team work, supportive, imaginative, purposive, and balanced communication using speech, body, and pictures all have been effective in students' learning and academic success. The teachers' attention to the students' non-verbal reactions and arranging the syllabus considering the students' mood and readiness have been emphasized in the studies reviewed. It was concluded that if this skill is practiced by teachers, it will have a positive and profound effect on the students' mood. Non-verbal communication is highly reliable in the communication process, so if the recipient of a message is between two contradictory verbal and nonverbal messages, logic dictates that we push him toward the non-verbal message and ask him to pay more attention to non-verbal than verbal messages because non-verbal

Los problemas de esbeltez en el diseño de columnas de concreto

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Luis Guillermo Aycardi

1981-07-01

Full Text Available EI presente es el primero de una serie de artículos en los cuales se pretende estudiar los problemas de segundo orden en el diseño de columnas, la razón de las expresiones que proponen los reglamentos, y  de paso los problemas de inestabilidad estructural de pórticos y estructuras elementales.

The Development of Verbal Relations in Analogical Reasonings.

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Sternberg, Robert J.; Nigro, Georgia

A six-process theory of analogical reasoning was tested by administering verbal analogy items to students in grades 3 through college. The items were classified according to five verbal relations: synonyms, antonyms, functional, linear ordering, and class membership. A new method of componential analysis that does not require precueing was used to…

The Effects of Musical Training on Verbal Memory

Science.gov (United States)

Franklin, Michael S.; Moore, Katherine Sledge; Yip, Chun-Yu; Jonides, John; Rattray, Katie; Moher, Jeff

2008-01-01

A number of studies suggest a link between musical training and general cognitive abilities. Despite some positive results, there is disagreement about which abilities are improved. One line of research leads to the hypothesis that verbal abilities in general, and verbal memory in particular, are related to musical training. In the present…

Contabilidad de Costos I. - Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación

OpenAIRE

Morillo Moreno, Marysela C.

2008-01-01

ÍNDICE Introducción Problemas sobre terminología básica Problemas básicos sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilidad de Costos Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación Problemas sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilida...

Personalidade e comportamentos problema: um estudo comparativo com adolescentes em contexto escolar

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Renato G. Carvalho

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo transversal analisámos a relação entre os comportamentos problema ao nível da indisciplina, desrespeito e conflituosidade dos adolescentes, em contexto escolar, e a personalidade e a psicopatologia, operacionalizadas nas dimensões PSY-5 do MMPI-A. Participaram no estudo 351 estudantes do 9º ao 12º ano, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 18 anos, distribuídos em três grupos diferentes, de acordo com o reporte da frequência de comportamentos problema. Os instrumentos foram a versão experimental portuguesa do MMPI-A e um questionário sobre diferentes dimensões do percurso escolar, em que se incluem os comportamentos problema. Através de análise estatística multivariada, verificámos diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas dimensões PSY-5, num padrão em que o grupo de maior frequência de comportamentos problema apresenta resultados superiores no MMPI-A. Os resultados são interpretados numa perspetiva que sublinha a relevância da personalidade na adaptação à vida escolar, bem como a importância da existência de técnicas de avaliação psicológica de forma a detetar, em contexto de normalidade, estudantes em risco de desenvolvimento de trajetórias inadaptativas.

Comunicação verbal e não verbal de mãe cega e com limitação motora durante alimentação da criança Comunicación verbal y no verbal de madre ciega y con limitación motora durante la alimentación delniño Verbal and nonverbal communication of a blind mother with limited dexterity during infant feeding

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Giselly Oseni Laurentino Barbosa

2011-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a comunicação verbal e não verbal, de mãe cega e com limitação motora com o filho e enfermeira durante alimentação da criança. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, tipo estudo de caso, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no ano de 2009. As entrevistas foram gravadas, filmadas e analisadas por três avaliadores. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da comunicação verbal mostraram a predominância da mãe como destinatária e a utilização da função emotiva nas verbalizações com a criança, e a comunicação não verbal mostrou a prevalência da distância íntima entre mãe/filho, da pessoal entre mãe/enfermeira e da postura sentada. Houve pouco contato face a face e sobressaíram-se os contatos físicos com a criança. CONCLUSÃO: A mãe não sofreu prejuízos verbais no estabelecimento de seu processo comunicativo. A distância facilitou a interação mãe com o bebê e com a profissional.OBJETIVO: Analizar la comunicación verbal y no verbal, de madre ciega y con limitación motora con el hijo y la enfermera durante la alimentación del niño. MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, tipo estudio de caso, con abordaje cuantitativo realizado en el año 2009. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, filmadas y analizadas por tres evaluadores. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de la comunicación verbal mostraron el predominio de la madre como destinataria y la utilización de la función emotiva en las verbalizaciones con el niño, y la comunicación no verbal mostró la prevalencia de la distancia íntima entre madre/hijo, de la personal entre madre/enfermera y de la postura sentada. Hubo poco contacto cara a cara y sobresalieron los contactos físicos con el niño. CONCLUSIÓN: La madre no sufrió prejuicios verbales en el establecimiento de su proceso comunicativo. La distancia facilitó la interacción de la madre con el bebé y con la profesional.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the verbal and nonverbal communication, of the

Efeitos de contingências de punição sobre os desempenhos verbal e não verbal

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Elisa Tavares Sanabio

Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou a influência de contingências de punição sobre os desempenhos verbal (resposta de relato e não verbal (resposta de escolha. Estudantes universitários foram expostos a uma tarefa de escolha de acordo com o modelo. Após a resposta de escolha, a pergunta "Você acertou?" era apresentada e o participante deveria emitir a resposta de relato, indicando uma dentre duas alternativas, "SIM" e "NÃO". No Experimento 1, o feedback "Incorreto. Você perdeu 1 ponto" foi programado para a resposta de relato e, no Experimento 2, o feedback foi contingente à resposta de escolha. No Experimento 1, o feedback exerceu funções punitivas sobre a resposta de relato e, na maioria das condições, não afetou a resposta de escolha. No Experimento 2, o feedback não exerceu controle sobre a resposta de escolha, embora tenha influenciado as respostas de relato. Esses resultados sugerem que os desempenhos verbal e não verbal são funcionalmente independentes. O presente estudo evidencia o caráter operante do relato e, ao identificar possíveis variáveis de controle desse comportamento, contribui para uma maior fidedignidade dos dados obtidos por meio de auto-relatos.

On the applied implications of the "verbal overshadowing effect".

Science.gov (United States)

Mickes, Laura; Wixted, John T

2015-05-01

Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990) found that participants who wrote out a description of the perpetrator's face after watching a simulated crime video were subsequently less likely to identify that perpetrator from a photo lineup compared to participants in a control condition (i.e., the correct ID rate was reduced). The first registered replication report in Perspectives on Psychological Science confirmed this verbal overshadowing effect (Alogna et al., 2014). Does this result indicate a reduced ability to recognize the person who was verbally described, or does it instead reflect more conservative responding? The answer depends on the still unknown likelihood of identifying an innocent suspect from a lineup (the false ID rate). Assuming the reduced correct ID rate does reflect memory impairment, should the legal system be advised to give less weight to a suspect identification if the witness previously provided a verbal description of the perpetrator? Intuitively, the answer is "yes," but without knowing the false ID rate, it is unclear if a suspect identification following a verbal description should be given less weight or more weight. This is true even if the correct and false ID rates show that verbal descriptions impair memory. In our view, psychologists should withhold giving advice to the legal system about the effect of verbal descriptions on suspect identifications until the issue is investigated by including lineups that contain an innocent suspect. © The Author(s) 2015.

Algoritmos de aproximação para problemas de empacotamento em faixa com restrições de descarregamento

OpenAIRE

Jefferson Luiz Moisés da Silveira

2011-01-01

Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos problemas de empacotamento com restrições de descarregamento considerados NP-difíceis. Estes problemas possuem aplicações nas áreas de logística e roteamento. Assumindo a hipótese de que P ? NP, sabemos que não existem algoritmos eficientes para resolver tais problemas. Uma das abordagens consideradas para tratar tais problemas é a de algoritmos de aproximação, que são algoritmos eficientes (complexidade de tempo polinomial) e que geram soluções com garantia d...

Nonspecific Verbal Cues Alleviate Forgetting by Young Children

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Morgan, Kirstie; Hayne, Harlene

2007-01-01

Verbal reminders play a pervasive role in memory retrieval by human adults. In fact, relatively nonspecific verbal information (e.g. "Remember the last time we ate at that restaurant?") will often cue vivid recollections of a past event even when presented outside the original encoding context. Although research has shown that memory retrieval by…

Problemas de adaptación fisiológica en personas con angina

OpenAIRE

Nóbrega Fortes, Allyne; Martins da Silva, Viviane; Lopes, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira

2006-01-01

En este artículo fueron identificados los problemas comunes de adaptación fisiológica presentados por pacientes con angina inestable teniendo como base el Modelo de la Adaptación de Callista Roy. Estudio descriptivo desarrollado en un hospital de servicio especializado en enfermedades cardíacas. La muestra para el estudio fue de 20 pacientes. Para caracterización y discusión, utilizamos las definiciones presentadas por Roy para cada problema de adaptación fisiológic...

Interference with olfactory memory by visual and verbal tasks.

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Annett, J M; Cook, N M; Leslie, J C

1995-06-01

It has been claimed that olfactory memory is distinct from memory in other modalities. This study investigated the effectiveness of visual and verbal tasks in interfering with olfactory memory and included methodological changes from other recent studies. Subjects were allocated to one of four experimental conditions involving interference tasks [no interference task; visual task; verbal task; visual-plus-verbal task] and presented 15 target odours. Either recognition of the odours or free recall of the odour names was tested on one occasion, either within 15 minutes of presentation or one week later. Recognition and recall performance both showed effects of interference of visual and verbal tasks but there was no effect for time of testing. While the results may be accommodated within a dual coding framework, further work is indicated to resolve theoretical issues relating to task complexity.

Assessment of Nonverbal and Verbal Apraxia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

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Monia Presotto

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. To assess the presence of nonverbal and verbal apraxia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD and analyze the correlation between these conditions and patient age, education, duration of disease, and PD stage, as well as evaluate the correlation between the two types of apraxia and the frequency and types of verbal apraxic errors made by patients in the sample. Method. This was an observational prevalence study. The sample comprised 45 patients with PD seen at the Movement Disorders Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were evaluated using the Speech Apraxia Assessment Protocol and PD stages were classified according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Results. The rate of nonverbal apraxia and verbal apraxia in the present sample was 24.4%. Verbal apraxia was significantly correlated with education (p≤0.05. The most frequent types of verbal apraxic errors were omissions (70.8%. The analysis of manner and place of articulation showed that most errors occurred during the production of trill (57.7% and dentoalveolar (92% phonemes, consecutively. Conclusion. Patients with PD presented nonverbal and verbal apraxia and made several verbal apraxic errors. Verbal apraxia was correlated with education levels.

Estudo transversal sobre problemas bucais em pacientes obesos mórbidos

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Joselene Martinelli Yamashita

2013-01-01

A prevalência da obesidade tem aumentado em proporções alarmantes, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Há relatos de uma possível relação da obesidade com a condição bucal e o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os problemas bucais e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de indivíduos obesos mórbidos. A amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes obesos mórbidos (grupo obeso) e 50 indivíduos eutróficos (grupo controle), atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir...

CONSECUENCIAS JURÍDICO-PENALES DEL ABSENTISMO ESCOLAR

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Carlos Vázquez González

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El absentismo y/o el abandono escolar no son tan sólo uno de los principales problemas a los que se debe enfrentar cualquier sistema educativo, sino también un problema social relacionado con la exclusión social, la marginación y la delincuencia, ya que la investigación criminológica ha comprobado como el fracaso escolar o un temprano abandono de los estudios opera como un facilitador de la delincuencia juvenil. Cuando el absentismo o abandono escolar se produce debido a un incumplimiento injustificado por parte de los padres del deber de educar y proporcionar una formación integral a sus hijos, deber legal de asistencia inherente a la patria potestad, el Estado deberá intervenir para garantizar el derecho a la educación de los menores, recurriendo incluso al Derecho penal, mediante la aplicación del delito de abandono de familia del art. 226.1 CP.

Los mediadores desde la perspectiva del lenguaje no verbal

OpenAIRE

López Viera, Laura

2015-01-01

[ES] Tal y como argumentó Mehrabian (1972) en sus investigaciones: En la contribución no verbal recae el 55% del peso del proceso comunicativo del ser humano, un 38% a la voz (entonación, latencia, ritmo...) y tan sólo un 7% pertenece al lenguaje verbal o articulado. Es por ello que antes de entrar a la sala de la mediación, es primordial dominar las técnicas del lenguaje no verbal y así comprender más y mejor a los mediados. 

Disciplining young children: the role of verbal instructions and reasoning.

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Blum, N J; Williams, G E; Friman, P C; Christophersen, E R

1995-08-01

Pediatricians are often asked to advise parents who are having difficulty managing the oppositional behaviors of their toddlers and preschool-age children. A large number of articles provide advice to pediatricians and parents on effective disciplinary strategies. However, despite the fact that verbal explanations, reasoning, and instructions are commonly used by parents, few articles directly address the use of these strategies to affect children's behavior. In this paper, we review studies that explicitly investigate the ability of adults' verbal explanations or instructions to alter the behavior of young children. These studies suggest that under most circumstances, verbal explanations and instructions are not effective in changing young children's problem behaviors. We then discuss how theories in developmental and behavioral psychology help explain the limitations of using verbal reasoning and instructions to change young children's problem behaviors. Finally, we provide some recommendations for parents on the use of verbal explanations and instructions in disciplining young children.

Descriptive study of the Socratic method: evidence for verbal shaping.

Science.gov (United States)

Calero-Elvira, Ana; Froján-Parga, María Xesús; Ruiz-Sancho, Elena María; Alpañés-Freitag, Manuel

2013-12-01

In this study we analyzed 65 fragments of session recordings in which a cognitive behavioral therapist employed the Socratic method with her patients. Specialized coding instruments were used to categorize the verbal behavior of the psychologist and the patients. First the fragments were classified as more or less successful depending on the overall degree of concordance between the patient's verbal behavior and the therapeutic objectives. Then the fragments were submitted to sequential analysis so as to discover regularities linking the patient's verbal behavior and the therapist's responses to it. Important differences between the more and the less successful fragments involved the therapist's approval or disapproval of verbalizations that approximated therapeutic goals. These approvals and disapprovals were associated with increases and decreases, respectively, in the patient's behavior. These results are consistent with the existence, in this particular case, of a process of shaping through which the therapist modifies the patient's verbal behavior in the overall direction of his or her chosen therapeutic objectives. © 2013.

Interações entre mães e adolescentes e os problemas de comportamento

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Gabriela Mello Sabbag

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio trata de describir y comparar los problemas de conducta, en grupos de riesgo y sin riesgo para diagnósticos de problemas, la competencia y las habilidades sociales y las interacciones sociales que se establecen entre las 24 madres y sus hijos adolescentes. El Inventario de Estilo Parental (IEP permitió la composición de los grupos, la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL y el Guión de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociales para Educación de los Padres (RE-HSE-P se utilizaron para recopilar datos. Los diagnósticos de los problemas de comportamiento (Tablas de contingencia de prueba y las interacciones sociales (Mann-Whitney se compararon entre los grupos. Las interacciones se diferencian en que las madres del grupo sin riesgo cuando se comunican, expresan sentimientos y establecen límites, los niños responden con habilidades sociales. Al contrario, los grupos de riesgo, cuando las madres emiten estas conductas, los adolescentes responden con problemas de conducta. Se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos para esta población.

Saúde mental e trabalho: os problemas que persistem

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Leny Sato

Full Text Available Este artigo toma por objeto a Saúde Mental e Trabalho como uma subárea do campo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Parte da constatação de que os problemas de saúde mental e trabalho, já identificados em meados da década de 1980, persistem. Após retomar a taxonomia de tais problemas, busca evidenciar algumas de suas expressões atuais a partir da assistência e da vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, bem como pela perspectiva de alguns sindicatos mais atentos à questão. Para tal, toma como ponto de partida o Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CRST de Campinas. Por fim, pontua algumas características do trabalho no contexto atual para compreender as motivações dessa persistência.

The impact of the teachers’ non-verbal communication on success in teaching

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FATEMEH BAMBAEEROO

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Non-verbal communication skills, also called sign language or silent language, include all behaviors performed in the presence of others or perceived either consciously or unconsciously. The main aim of this review article was to determine the effect of the teachers’ non-verbal communication on success in teaching using the findings of the studies conducted on the relationship between quality of teaching and the teachers’ use of non-verbal communication and also its impact on success in teaching. Methods: Considering the research method, i.e. a review article, we searched for all articles in this field using key words such as success in teaching, verbal communication and non-verbal communication. In this study, we did not encode the articles. Results: The results of this revealed that there was a strong relationship among the quality, amount and the method of using non-verbal communication by teachers while teaching. Based on the findings of the studies reviewed, it was found that the more the teachers used verbal and non-verbal communication, the more efficacious their education and the students’ academic progress were. Under non-verbal communication, some other patterns were used. For example, emotive, team work, supportive, imaginative, purposive, and balanced communication using speech, body, and pictures all have been effective in students’ learning and academic success. The teachers’ attention to the students’ non-verbal reactions and arranging the syllabus considering the students’ mood and readiness have been emphasized in the studies reviewed. Conclusion: It was concluded that if this skill is practiced by teachers, it will have a positive and profound effect on the students’ mood. Non-verbal communication is highly reliable in the communication process, so if the recipient of a message is between two contradictory verbal and nonverbal messages, logic dictates that we push him toward the non-verbal message

The impact of the teachers’ non-verbal communication on success in teaching

Science.gov (United States)

BAMBAEEROO, FATEMEH; SHOKRPOUR, NASRIN

2017-01-01

Introduction: Non-verbal communication skills, also called sign language or silent language, include all behaviors performed in the presence of others or perceived either consciously or unconsciously. The main aim of this review article was to determine the effect of the teachers’ non-verbal communication on success in teaching using the findings of the studies conducted on the relationship between quality of teaching and the teachers’ use of non-verbal communication and also its impact on success in teaching. Methods: Considering the research method, i.e. a review article, we searched for all articles in this field using key words such as success in teaching, verbal communication and non-verbal communication. In this study, we did not encode the articles. Results: The results of this revealed that there was a strong relationship among the quality, amount and the method of using non-verbal communication by teachers while teaching. Based on the findings of the studies reviewed, it was found that the more the teachers used verbal and non-verbal communication, the more efficacious their education and the students’ academic progress were. Under non-verbal communication, some other patterns were used. For example, emotive, team work, supportive, imaginative, purposive, and balanced communication using speech, body, and pictures all have been effective in students’ learning and academic success. The teachers’ attention to the students’ non-verbal reactions and arranging the syllabus considering the students’ mood and readiness have been emphasized in the studies reviewed. Conclusion: It was concluded that if this skill is practiced by teachers, it will have a positive and profound effect on the students’ mood. Non-verbal communication is highly reliable in the communication process, so if the recipient of a message is between two contradictory verbal and nonverbal messages, logic dictates that we push him toward the non-verbal message and ask him to pay

Estudio de la comunicación verbal y no verbal y aplicación al discurso político

OpenAIRE

Ruano Flores, María de las Mercedes

2014-01-01

El trabajo está estructurado en dos apartados teóricos y un apartado práctico. El primer apartado teórico se centra en el estudio de la comunicación verbal y en el proceso de comunicación, y el segundo apartado se centra en la comunicación no verbal. En el apartado práctico encontramos la aplicación de los conocimientos al discurso político

Non-verbal communication in meetings of psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia.

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Lavelle, M; Dimic, S; Wildgrube, C; McCabe, R; Priebe, S

2015-03-01

Recent evidence found that patients with schizophrenia display non-verbal behaviour designed to avoid social engagement during the opening moments of their meetings with psychiatrists. This study aimed to replicate, and build on, this finding, assessing the non-verbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists during meetings, exploring changes over time and its association with patients' symptoms and the quality of the therapeutic relationship. 40-videotaped routine out-patient consultations, involving patients with schizophrenia, were analysed. Non-verbal behaviour of patients and psychiatrists was assessed during three fixed, 2-min intervals using a modified Ethological Coding System for Interviews. Symptoms, satisfaction with communication and the quality of the therapeutic relationship were also measured. Over time, patients' non-verbal behaviour remained stable, whilst psychiatrists' flight behaviour decreased. Patients formed two groups based on their non-verbal profiles, one group (n = 25) displaying pro-social behaviour, inviting interaction and a second (n = 15) displaying flight behaviour, avoiding interaction. Psychiatrists interacting with pro-social patients displayed more pro-social behaviours (P communication (P non-verbal behaviour during routine psychiatric consultations remains unchanged, and is linked to both their psychiatrist's non-verbal behaviour and the quality of the therapeutic relationship. © 2014 The Authors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Memory integration in amnesia: prior knowledge supports verbal short-term memory.

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Race, Elizabeth; Palombo, Daniela J; Cadden, Margaret; Burke, Keely; Verfaellie, Mieke

2015-04-01

Short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) have traditionally been considered cognitively distinct. However, it is known that STM can improve when to-be-remembered information appears in contexts that make contact with prior knowledge, suggesting a more interactive relationship between STM and LTM. The current study investigated whether the ability to leverage LTM in support of STM critically depends on the integrity of the hippocampus. Specifically, we investigated whether the hippocampus differentially supports between-domain versus within-domain STM-LTM integration given prior evidence that the representational domain of the elements being integrated in memory is a critical determinant of whether memory performance depends on the hippocampus. In Experiment 1, we investigated hippocampal contributions to within-domain STM-LTM integration by testing whether immediate verbal recall of words improves in MTL amnesic patients when words are presented in familiar verbal contexts (meaningful sentences) compared to unfamiliar verbal contexts (random word lists). Patients demonstrated a robust sentence superiority effect, whereby verbal STM performance improved in familiar compared to unfamiliar verbal contexts, and the magnitude of this effect did not differ from that in controls. In Experiment 2, we investigated hippocampal contributions to between-domain STM-LTM integration by testing whether immediate verbal recall of digits improves in MTL amnesic patients when digits are presented in a familiar visuospatial context (a typical keypad layout) compared to an unfamiliar visuospatial context (a random keypad layout). Immediate verbal recall improved in both patients and controls when digits were presented in the familiar compared to the unfamiliar keypad array, indicating a preserved ability to integrate activated verbal information with stored visuospatial knowledge. Together, these results demonstrate that immediate verbal recall in amnesia can benefit from two

Algunos métodos para la solución de problemas de la física-matemática

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R Quintero

2016-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, se exponen algunos métodos para la solución de problemas de frontera, en regiones donde esta frontera es desconocida y se encuentra en movimiento (problema tipo Stefan. Como ejemplo se resuelve analíticamente el problema de congelamiento de un suelo húmedo. Brevemente se exponen algunos conceptos y resultados de la teoría de funciones generalizadas pertinentes a esta investigación, procediendo luego, al planteo del citado problema del congelamiento de un suelo húmedo como un problema generalizado de Cauchy y a su correspondiente solución. Se expone también un método  numérico de solución.

Boosting Vocabulary Learning by Verbal Cueing During Sleep.

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Schreiner, Thomas; Rasch, Björn

2015-11-01

Reactivating memories during sleep by re-exposure to associated memory cues (e.g., odors or sounds) improves memory consolidation. Here, we tested for the first time whether verbal cueing during sleep can improve vocabulary learning. We cued prior learned Dutch words either during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NonREM) or during active or passive waking. Re-exposure to Dutch words during sleep improved later memory for the German translation of the cued words when compared with uncued words. Recall of uncued words was similar to an additional group receiving no verbal cues during sleep. Furthermore, verbal cueing failed to improve memory during active and passive waking. High-density electroencephalographic recordings revealed that successful verbal cueing during NonREM sleep is associated with a pronounced frontal negativity in event-related potentials, a higher frequency of frontal slow waves as well as a cueing-related increase in right frontal and left parietal oscillatory theta power. Our results indicate that verbal cues presented during NonREM sleep reactivate associated memories, and facilitate later recall of foreign vocabulary without impairing ongoing consolidation processes. Likewise, our oscillatory analysis suggests that both sleep-specific slow waves as well as theta oscillations (typically associated with successful memory encoding during wakefulness) might be involved in strengthening memories by cueing during sleep. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Skinner's verbal behavior, Chomsky's review, and mentalism.

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Stemmer, N

1990-01-01

Skinner's Verbal Behavior (1957) is a comprehensive treatise that deals with most aspects of verbal behavior. However, its treatment of the learning of grammatical behavior has been challenged repeatedly (e.g., Chomsky, 1959). The present paper will attempt to show that the learning of grammar and syntax can be dealt with adequately within a behavior-analytic framework. There is no need to adopt mentalist (or cognitivist) positions or to add mentalist elements to behaviorist theories. PMID:2103585

Parts of Speech in Non-typical Function: (Asymmetrical Encoding of Non-verbal Predicates in Erzya

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Rigina Turunen

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Erzya non-verbal conjugation refers to symmetric paradigms in which non-verbal predicates behave morphosyntactically in a similar way to verbal predicates. Notably, though, non-verbal conjugational paradigms are asymmetric, which is seen as an outcome of paradigmatic neutralisation in less frequent/less typical contexts. For non-verbal predicates it is not obligatory to display the same amount of behavioural potential as it is for verbal predicates, and the lexical class of non-verbal predicate operates in such a way that adjectival predicates are more likely to be conjugated than nominals. Further, besides symmetric paradigms and constructions, in Erzya there are non-verbal predicate constructions which display a more overt structural encoding than do verbal ones, namely, copula constructions. Complexity in the domain of non-verbal predication in Erzya decreases the symmetry of the paradigms. Complexity increases in asymmetric constructions, as well as in paradigmatic neutralisation when non-verbal predicates cannot be inflected in all the tenses and moods occurring in verbal predication. The results would be the reverse if we were to measure complexity in terms of the morphological structure. The asymmetric features in non-verbal predication are motivated language-externally, because non-verbal predicates refer to states and occur less frequently as predicates than verbal categories. The symmetry of the paradigms and constructions is motivated language-internally: a grammatical system with fewer rules is economical.

A pilot study to test an intervention for dealing with verbal aggression.

Science.gov (United States)

McLaughlin, Sue; Bonner, Gwen; Mboche, Catherine; Fairlie, Trish

Verbal aggression has been defined as communication with an intention to harm an individual through words, tone or manner, regardless of whether harm occurs. It includes verbal threat to harm, ridicule, openly hostile remarks, unjust persistent criticism, shouting or yelling insults, as well as more covert actions such as spreading hurtful rumours (Cox, 1987; Farrell et al, 2006). Receiving verbal aggression from a patient has been closely associated with psychological distress which may negatively affect work performance. A verbal aggression work book was developed to help nursing staff to deal with verbal aggression from patients in clinical practice. This was piloted over a six-week period with 18 nurses working on one acute psychiatric inpatient ward. Findings revealed that the intervention had some promising effects. However, much more attention needs to be paid to changing attitudes towards verbal aggression.

Aprender con problemas: un enfoque contextualizado y socializado del conocimiento

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Lola GARCÍA OLALLA

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio que presentamos se centra en la utilización del ABP (Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, que articula dos asignaturas cuatrimestrales: Desarrollo Socioafectivo y Desarrollo Psicomotor. Concluimos que la metodología ABP favorece el aprendizaje significativo, aprender a trabajar en grupo, resolver problemas de forma cooperativa, y la conexión entre la formación teórica y los contextos de actuación profesional. El aprendizaje cooperativo favorece la dinámica de trabajo en equipo, la responsabilidad personal y el desarrollo de estrategias de colaboración, y de competencias sociales como aprender a escuchar, respetar las opiniones de otros, organizar el trabajo, debatir y llegar a consensos, saber expresarse y exponer opiniones, o empatizar.

Guidelines for Teaching Non-Verbal Communications Through Visual Media

Science.gov (United States)

Kundu, Mahima Ranjan

1976-01-01

There is a natural unique relationship between non-verbal communication and visual media such as television and film. Visual media will have to be used extensively--almost exclusively--in teaching non-verbal communications, as well as other methods requiring special teaching skills. (Author/ER)

Una metodología activa para la resolución de problemas

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Miró-Julià, Margaret

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta ponencia es presentar las conclusiones del proyecto de mejora de la calidad docente titulado “El uso de estrategias adecuadas para la resolución de problemas de Estadística” que se realizó en la Universidad de las Islas Baleares durante el curso 2005-2006. Debido a nuestra dilatada experiencia en la enseñanza de las asignaturas Estadística Económica y Métodos Matemáticos para la Economía I, II y III de los estudios que dependen de la Facultad de Economía, somos conscientes del desánimo y desinterés de nuestros alumnos. Es indiscutible que existen dificultades por parte de los profesores a la hora de enseñar, pero también existen obstáculos por parte de los alumnos para aprender. Esta problemática resulta evidente a la hora de resolver problemas. El proyecto, cuyas conclusiones presentamos, pretende ensayar nuevas formas de enseñanza/aprendizaje que responden a las recientes directrices del espacio Europeo. El proyecto está dirigido a potenciar la tarea del alumno a la hora de enfrentarse con un problema. Se basa fundamentalmente en la creación de guiones que ofrezcan al alumno las pautas a seguir a la hora de resolver problemas y que también le permitan realizar una auto-evaluación de los resultados obtenidos.

Effect of background music on auditory-verbal memory performance

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Sona Matloubi

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Background and Aim: Music exists in all cultures; many scientists are seeking to understand how music effects cognitive development such as comprehension, memory, and reading skills. More recently, a considerable number of neuroscience studies on music have been developed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of null and positive background music in comparison with silence on auditory-verbal memory performance.Methods: Forty young adults (male and female with normal hearing, aged between 18 and 26, participated in this comparative-analysis study. An auditory and speech evaluation was conducted in order to investigate the effects of background music on working memory. Subsequently, the Rey auditory-verbal learning test was performed for three conditions: silence, positive, and null music.Results: The mean score of the Rey auditory-verbal learning test in silence condition was higher than the positive music condition (p=0.003 and the null music condition (p=0.01. The tests results did not reveal any gender differences.Conclusion: It seems that the presence of competitive music (positive and null music and the orientation of auditory attention have negative effects on the performance of verbal working memory. It is possibly owing to the intervention of music with verbal information processing in the brain.

Ecstasy exposure & gender: examining components of verbal memory functioning.

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Price, Jenessa S; Shear, Paula; Lisdahl, Krista M

2014-01-01

Studies have demonstrated verbal memory deficits associated with past year ecstasy use, although specific underlying components of these deficits are less understood. Further, prior research suggests potential gender differences in ecstasy-induced serotonergic changes. Therefore, the current study investigated whether gender moderated the relationship between ecstasy exposure and components of verbal memory after controlling for polydrug use and confounding variables. Data were collected from 65 polydrug users with a wide range of ecstasy exposure (ages 18-35; 48 ecstasy and 17 marijuana users; 0-2310 ecstasy tablets). Participants completed a verbal learning and memory task, psychological questionnaires, and a drug use interview. Increased past year ecstasy exposure predicted poorer short and long delayed free and cued recalls, retention, and recall discrimination. Male ecstasy users were more susceptible to dose-dependent deficits in retention than female users. Past year ecstasy consumption was associated with verbal memory retrieval, retention, and discrimination deficits in a dose-dependent manner in a sample of healthy young adult polydrug users. Male ecstasy users were at particular risk for deficits in retention following a long delay. Gender difference may be reflective of different patterns of polydrug use as well as increased hippocampal sensitivity. Future research examining neuronal correlates of verbal memory deficits in ecstasy users are needed.

Ecstasy exposure & gender: examining components of verbal memory functioning.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jenessa S Price

Full Text Available Studies have demonstrated verbal memory deficits associated with past year ecstasy use, although specific underlying components of these deficits are less understood. Further, prior research suggests potential gender differences in ecstasy-induced serotonergic changes. Therefore, the current study investigated whether gender moderated the relationship between ecstasy exposure and components of verbal memory after controlling for polydrug use and confounding variables.Data were collected from 65 polydrug users with a wide range of ecstasy exposure (ages 18-35; 48 ecstasy and 17 marijuana users; 0-2310 ecstasy tablets. Participants completed a verbal learning and memory task, psychological questionnaires, and a drug use interview.Increased past year ecstasy exposure predicted poorer short and long delayed free and cued recalls, retention, and recall discrimination. Male ecstasy users were more susceptible to dose-dependent deficits in retention than female users.Past year ecstasy consumption was associated with verbal memory retrieval, retention, and discrimination deficits in a dose-dependent manner in a sample of healthy young adult polydrug users. Male ecstasy users were at particular risk for deficits in retention following a long delay. Gender difference may be reflective of different patterns of polydrug use as well as increased hippocampal sensitivity. Future research examining neuronal correlates of verbal memory deficits in ecstasy users are needed.

Visual and verbal learning deficits in Veterans with alcohol and substance use disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Bell, Morris D; Vissicchio, Nicholas A; Weinstein, Andrea J

2016-02-01

This study examined visual and verbal learning in the early phase of recovery for 48 Veterans with alcohol use (AUD) and substance use disorders (SUD, primarily cocaine and opiate abusers). Previous studies have demonstrated visual and verbal learning deficits in AUD, however little is known about the differences between AUD and SUD on these domains. Since the DSM-5 specifically identifies problems with learning in AUD and not in SUD, and problems with visual and verbal learning have been more prevalent in the literature for AUD than SUD, we predicted that people with AUD would be more impaired on measures of visual and verbal learning than people with SUD. Participants were enrolled in a comprehensive rehabilitation program and were assessed within the first 5 weeks of abstinence. Verbal learning was measured using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) and visual learning was assessed using the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT). Results indicated significantly greater decline in verbal learning on the HVLT across the three learning trials for AUD participants but not for SUD participants (F=4.653, df=48, p=0.036). Visual learning was less impaired than verbal learning across learning trials for both diagnostic groups (F=0.197, df=48, p=0.674); there was no significant difference between groups on visual learning (F=0.401, df=14, p=0.538). Older Veterans in the early phase of recovery from AUD may have difficulty learning new verbal information. Deficits in verbal learning may reduce the effectiveness of verbally-based interventions such as psycho-education. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Tratamiento y gestión de la información arqueológica : ¿un problema o un reto?

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Catalina Galán Saulnier

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La utilización de la información arqueológica, tanto la de necesaria consulta, uso y estudio como la generada por la actuación del/la arqueólogo/a en el desarrollo de su trabajo, y tanto en el marco del ejercicio profesional en la investigación histórica propiamente dicha como en el de la comúnmente denominada “arqueología de intervención”, e incluso en el de la docencia, supone actualmente un gran reto debido a su gran volumen, su heterogeneidad y la diferente composición de las distintas “unidades” que la constituyen. Este artículo trata de acercar al profesional de la ciencia arqueológica, y muy especialmente a quienes tienen reciente el final de su formación académica, a los problemas que plantea esa información y las soluciones que la Informática ofrece para su tratamiento y gestión mediante las Bases de Datos, los programas de dibujo asistido por ordenador y de tratamiento de imagen, los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y los programas de reconocimiento de formas o los Sistemas Expertos, dentro ya del área de acción de la Inteligencia Artificial, prescindiendo en lo posible de la utilización de términos técnicos y utilizando un lenguaje casi coloquial que haga más cercano el tema a quienes aún no están familiarizados con él o, en su caso, a quienes ya se sientan abrumados y/o preocupados ante los problemas relacionados con la información inherente a la Arqueología.The use of the archaeological information, as well as the necessary enquiry, use and study like the generated by the action of the archaeologist in the development of his work, as in the framework of the professional exercise in the historical research in strict sense like in the commonly called «Archaeology of intervention», and even on the teaching, supposes actually a great challenge due to its great volume, its heterogeneity and the different composition of several «units» that constitute it. This article deals with the

Organizaciones y Problemas Sociales. Una aproximación sistémica

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Juan Pablo Gonnet

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo indaga teóricamente acerca de las relaciones entre organizaciones y problemas sociales (problemasde la sociedad. Una observación constante en los estudios sociológicos sobre la materia ha sido la distorsiónentre fines y acciones organizacionales. Es decir, las organizaciones en su actividad y operación dejande lado la finalidad (resolución de la problemática para la que habían sido constituidas bajo criterios deauto-reproducción. Dada la generalidad de estos resultados, nos interesamos por reflexionar teóricamentesobre los supuestos que se encuentran detrás de este modo de observar a las organizaciones (sus condicionesde posibilidad. Con este fin, presentamos tres estudios de caso de organizaciones dedicadas al tratamientode problemas sociales. A partir de estos procedemos a analizar los modos de observación que están vinculadosa la evaluación de la relación organización-problema social. Finalmente, desde la teoría de los sistemassociales (Luhmann, proponemos una forma diferente de analizar y conceptualizar la mencionada relación.

Servicio militar un problema de identidades

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Navarro, Eulogio

2005-01-01

Las diferencias entre la vida civil y la militar han supuesto tradicionalmente lo que podríamos definir como un choque cultural entre aquellos que tuvieron que realizar el servicio militar obligatorio. este choque se vio incrementado en los últimos años de conscripción debido al creciente distanciamiento entre las visiones de mundo de militares y civiles. esta tesis analiza desde la perspectiva de la antropología social los problemas de identidad de los soldados de reemplazo, que habían de...

Anorgasmia femenina como problema de salud

OpenAIRE

Farramola Bello, Luis Antonio; Erice Rivero, Teresa Sandra; Frías Alvarez, Yaumara

2011-01-01

OBJETIVO: Demostrar que la anorgasmia constituye un problema de salud. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo de 227 mujeres que acudieron al Hospital General «Calixto García Iñiguez». Las variables seleccionadas fueron: edad, nivel de escolaridad, edad de inicio de las primeras relaciones sexuales, relación anorgasmia y masturbación femenina. Análisis con porcentajes. RESULTADOS: El mayor porcentaje de anorgasmia coital fue del 35 % y el 40 % eran anorgásmicas fortuitas, toda...

Um problema de corte com padrões compartimentados

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Robinson Hoto

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo apresentaremos a aplicação do Problema da Mochila Compartimentada (PMC no Problema de Corte de Bobinas de Aço (PCBA, que é um problema de corte em duas etapas com restrições especiais de agrupamento dos itens. O PMC consiste em construir compartimentos de capacidades desconhecidas em uma mochila de capacidade conhecida, tendo em vista que os itens de interesse estão agrupados em subconjuntos, de modo que, itens de um agrupamento não podem ser combinados com itens de outro. Para entender melhor o PMC admita que a mochila de um alpinista deve ser composta por um número ideal de compartimentos com itens de quatro categorias (remédios, alimentos, ferramentas, roupas, porém, itens de categorias distintas não podem ser combinados para formar um mesmo compartimento, além do mais, são desconhecidas as capacidades ideais de cada compartimento da mochila.In this paper we will present the application of the Compartmented Knapsack Problem (CKP in the Cut Problem of Steel Rolls (CPSR, that it is a problem of cut in two stages with restrictions special of grouping of items. The CKP consists of constructing compartments of unknown capacities in a knapsack of known capacity, in view of that items of interest is grouped in subgroups, in mode that, items of a grouping cannot be matched with items of another one. To understand the CKP more good it admits that the knapsack of a alpinist must be composite for an ideal number of compartments with items of four categories (remedies, foods, tools, clothes, however, items of distinct categories cannot be matched to form one same compartment, in addition, is unknown the ideal capacities of each compartment of the knapsack.

[Verbal and visual-spatial memory in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia].

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Xiao-Yun; Jing, Jin; Fan, Miao; Yang, De-Sheng; Zhu, Yan-Na; Chen, Ling; Li, Xiu-Hong

2018-04-01

To explore the abilities of verbal and visual-spatial memory in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Thirty-two children with developmental dyslexia (aged 8-12 years) and thirty-nine age- and gender-matched normal children were involved in the study. Their verbal short-term and verbal working memories were measured using the digit ordering and the digit span tests, respectively. Their visual-spatial short-term and visual-spatial working memories were examined using the forward and backward block-tapping tests, respectively. The DD children scored lower in the digit ordering and the digit span tests than the control children (P<0.05). The scores for the forward and backward block-tapping tests did not vary between the two groups (P>0.05). The children with DD have the deficits in both verbal short-term memory and verbal working memory.

Cross-cultural features of gestures in non-verbal communication

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Chebotariova N. A.

2017-09-01

Full Text Available this article is devoted to analysis of the concept of non-verbal communication and ways of expressing it. Gesticulation is studied in detail as it is the main element of non-verbal communication and has different characteristics in various countries of the world.

Aprendizaje basado en problemas en ingeniería

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

es una colección de artículos publicados, recogiendo las principales consideraciones para diseñar e implementar PBL. Los editores seleccionaron artículos originales en inglés para presentar una visión general de la teoría y la práctica del PBL. Se cubren tópicos como: Principios del trabajo en...... problemas y proyectos Modelos de PBL Trabajo en grupos y facilitación Desarrollo de competencias y habilidades Formulación de problemas en PBL Gestión de proyectos Implementación de cambio PBL en para aprendizaje en línea y tecnologías de la información El diseño de un modelo de PBL utiliza teorías de...... aprendizaje con diferentes necesidades sociales y culturales. Este libro será una lectura clave para los académicos e investigadores que diseñan, implementan y ponen en práctica el PBL en cualquier sistema educativo. Descargar libro electrónico aquí...

Modelos matemáticos en un problema de epidemias

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Anna Vidal

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La introducción de conceptos matemáticos a través del desarrollo y estudio de modelos ha sido tratado en numerosos trabajos. La introducción de los modelos suele hacerse básicamente desde el discurso del professor y el trabajo del alumno suele reducirse a la experimentación con el modelo dado. La aproximación a un problema mediante modelos IBM (Individual Based Model resulta más comprensible para el alumno, permite justificar y complementar otras aproximaciones a la solución (modelos diferenciales continuos y/o modelos discretos. En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia docente basada en afrontar un mismo problema mediante enfoques complementarios en base a modelos continuos, discretos e IBM. Finalmente se presenta una propuesta metodológica para ponerla en práctica utilizando el Aprendizaje Cooperativo y el Problem/Project Based Learning.

From SOLER to SURETY for effective non-verbal communication.

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Stickley, Theodore

2011-11-01

This paper critiques the model for non-verbal communication referred to as SOLER (which stands for: "Sit squarely"; "Open posture"; "Lean towards the other"; "Eye contact; "Relax"). It has been approximately thirty years since Egan (1975) introduced his acronym SOLER as an aid for teaching and learning about non-verbal communication. There is evidence that the SOLER framework has been widely used in nurse education with little published critical appraisal. A new acronym that might be appropriate for non-verbal communication skills training and education is proposed and this is SURETY (which stands for "Sit at an angle"; "Uncross legs and arms"; "Relax"; "Eye contact"; "Touch"; "Your intuition"). The proposed model advances the SOLER model by including the use of touch and the importance of individual intuition is emphasised. The model encourages student nurse educators to also think about therapeutic space when they teach skills of non-verbal communication. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Severity and Co-occurrence of Oral and Verbal Apraxias in Left Brain Damaged Adults

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Fariba Yadegari

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Objective: Oral and verbal apraxias represent motor programming deficits of nonverbal and verbal movements respectively. Studying their properties may shed light on speech motor control processes. This study was focused on identifying cases with oral or verbal apraxia, their co–occurrences and severities. Materials & Methods: In this non-experimental study, 55 left adult subjects with left brain lesion including 22 women and 33 men with age range of 23 to 84 years, were examined and videotaped using oral apraxia and verbal apraxia tasks. Three speech and language pathologists independently scored apraxia severities. Data were analyzed by independent t test, Pearson, Phi and Contingency coefficients using SPSS 12. Results: Mean score of oral and verbal apraxias in patients with and without oral and verbal apraxias were significantly different (P<0.001. Forty- two patients had simultaneous oral and verbal apraxias, with significant correlation between their oral and verbal apraxia scores (r=0.75, P<0.001. Six patients showed no oral or verbal apraxia and 7 had just one type of apraxia. Comparison of co-occurrence of two disorders (Phi=0.59 and different oral and verbal intensities (C=0.68 were relatively high (P<0.001. Conclusion: The present research revealed co-occurrence of oral and verbal apraxias to a great extent. It appears that speech motor control is influenced by a more general verbal and nonverbal motor control.

Nonverbal and verbal emotional expression and health.

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Berry, D S; Pennebaker, J W

1993-01-01

The spontaneous nonverbal expression of emotion is related to immediate reductions in autonomic nervous system activity. Similar changes in specific autonomic channels occur when individuals are encouraged to verbally express their emotions. Indeed, these physiological changes are most likely to occur among individuals who are either verbally or nonverbally highly expressive. These data suggest that when individuals must actively inhibit emotional expression, they are at increased risk for a variety of health problems. Several experiments are summarized which indicate that verbally expressing traumatic experiences by writing or talking improves physical health, enhances immune function, and is associated with fewer medical visits. Although less research is available regarding nonverbal expression, it is also likely that the nonverbal expression of emotion bears some relation to health status. We propose that the effectiveness of many common expressive therapies (e.g., art, music, cathartic) would be enhanced if clients are encouraged to both express their feelings nonverbally and to put their experiences into words.

Diseño de un sistema de soporte de decisiones para resolver el problema de ruteo en un servicio de courier

OpenAIRE

Tomalá Robles, James; Pincay Villa, Johnny

2010-01-01

El Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos (VRP), en el cual se debe determinar un conjunto de rutas a un mínimo costo, tiene numerosas aplicaciones en las operaciones logísticas. El VRP es bien conocido como un problema de programación entera el cual cae dentro de la categoría de problemas NP-Hard, significando que los esfuerzos computacionales requeridos para resolver este problema se incrementan exponencialmente con su tamaño. Visto el VRP como un Problema de Optimización Combinatoria (OC), existen...

Aprendizaje basado en problemas: Metodología de aprendizaje centrada en el estudiante

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V. Tórtora

2013-11-01

Full Text Available 8vas Jornadas de la Sociedad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. 12 y 13 de setiembre 2013. SIMPOSIO VI: “Educación en Ciencias” Coordinadores: María Noel Álvarez, Andrea MedeirosLa reforma del plan de estudios de la carrera de Doctor en Medicina implicó, entre outras modificaciones, la incorporación de nuevas metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Una de ellas es la de “aprendizaje basado en problemas” (ABP, que se caracteriza por colocar al estudiante en el centro del proceso de aprendizaje, promoviendo que este sea significativo, además de desarrollar habilidades y competencias indispensables en el ejercicio profesional. El ABP se realiza en grupos de aproximadamente 20 estudiantes, en dos instancias. El problema es diseñado por un equipo docente interdisciplinario, en función a los objetivos del curso. En la primera instancia se presenta el problema y los estudiantes discuten en función de sus conocimientos previos, identificando las áreas de saber y de no saber sobre el problema, e intentan plantear hipótesis explicativas sobre las dificultades identificadas. Lugo deben determinar qué competencias y nuevos conocimientos necesitan para comprobarlas. Este proceso es realizado de manera autónoma por los estudiantes, bajo la dirección de un docente tutor que actúa como facilitador del aprendizaje. Entre una instancia y otra buscan la información necesaria para lograr los objetivos de estudio definidos por el grupo, y regresan al problema en la segunda instancia. La información encontrada es compartida entre los integrantes del grupo, mediante discusión en foros en la plataforma de aprendizaje virtual (EVA y durante las clases presenciales, haciendo que el aprendizaje sea además cooperativo. En esta presentación se expondrá esta metodología de trabajo junto con un ejemplo de un problema específico con objetivos de bioquímica.En esta presentación se expondrá esta metodología de trabajo junto con un ejemplo

Verbal memory retrieval engages visual cortex in musicians.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Z; Zhang, J X; Yang, Z; Dong, G; Wu, J; Chan, A S; Weng, X

2010-06-16

As one major line of research on brain plasticity, many imaging studies have been conducted to identify the functional and structural reorganization associated with musical expertise. Based on previous behavioral research, the present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural correlates of superior verbal memory performance in musicians. Participants with and without musical training performed a verbal memory task to first encode a list of words auditorily delivered and then silently recall as many words as possible. They performed in separate blocks a control task involving pure tone pitch judgment. Post-scan recognition test showed better memory performance in musicians than non-musicians. During memory retrieval, the musicians showed significantly greater activations in bilateral though left-lateralized visual cortex relative to the pitch judgment baseline. In comparison, no such visual cortical activations were found in the non-musicians. No group differences were observed during the encoding stage. The results echo a previous report of visual cortical activation during verbal memory retrieval in the absence of any visual sensory stimulation in the blind population, who are also known to possess superior verbal memory. It is suggested that the visual cortex can be recruited to serve as extra memory resources and contributes to the superior verbal memory in special situations. While in the blind population, such cross-modal functional reorganization may be induced by sensory deprivation; in the musicians it may be induced by the long-term and demanding nature of musical training to use as much available neural resources as possible. 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effects of verbal descriptions on performance in lineups and showups.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Brent M; Seale-Carlisle, Travis M; Mickes, Laura

2018-01-01

Verbally describing a face has been found to impair subsequent recognition of that face from a photo lineup, a phenomenon known as the verbal overshadowing effect (Schooler & Engstler-Schooler, 1990). Recently, a large direct replication study successfully reproduced that original finding (Alogna et al., 2014). However, in both the original study and the replication studies, memory was tested using only target-present lineups (i.e., lineups containing the previously seen target face), making it possible to compute the correct identification rate (correct ID rate; i.e., the hit rate) but not the false identification rate (false ID rate; i.e., the false alarm rate). Thus, the lower correct ID rate for the verbal condition could reflect either reduced discriminability or a conservative criterion shift relative to the control condition. In four verbal overshadowing experiments reported here, we measured both correct ID rates and false ID rates using photo lineups (Experiments 1 and 2) or single-photo showups (Experiments 3 and 4). The experimental manipulation (verbally describing the face or not) occurred either immediately after encoding (Experiments 1 and 3) or 20-min after encoding (Experiments 2 and 4). In the immediate condition, discriminability did not differ between groups, but in the delayed condition, discriminability was lower in the verbal description group (i.e., a verbal overshadowing effect was observed). A fifth experiment found that the effect of the immediate-versus-delayed manipulation may be attributable to a change in the content of verbal descriptions, with the ratio of diagnostic to generic facial features in the descriptions decreasing as delay increases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Los problemas de la Educación Ambiental: ¿es posible una Educación Ambiental integradora?

OpenAIRE

García, J. Eduardo

2002-01-01

En este trabajo se presentan diferentes problemas y carencias de la Educación Ambiental. Para el tratamiento de estos problemas se plantea una perspectiva integradora que supere los reduccionismos actualmente existentes

Cerebrocerebellar networks during articulatory rehearsal and verbal working memory tasks.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, S H Annabel; Desmond, John E

2005-01-15

Converging evidence has implicated the cerebellum in verbal working memory. The current fMRI study sought to further characterize cerebrocerebellar participation in this cognitive process by revealing regions of activation common to a verbal working task and an articulatory control task, as well as regions that are uniquely activated by working memory. Consistent with our model's predictions, load-dependent activations were observed in Broca's area (BA 44/6) and the superior cerebellar hemisphere (VI/CrusI) for both working memory and motoric rehearsal. In contrast, activations unique to verbal working memory were found in the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and the right inferior cerebellum hemisphere (VIIB). These findings provide evidence for two cerebrocerebellar networks for verbal working memory: a frontal/superior cerebellar articulatory control system and a parietal/inferior cerebellar phonological storage system.

RETOS DEL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS

OpenAIRE

Carlos Antonio Poot-Delgado

2013-01-01

Se realiza una breve descripción de la viabilidad y retos de llevar a la práctica docente el aprendizaje basado en problemas, con una estructura organizada, donde se plasman ideas bien fundamentadas con claridad y precisión. Asimismo, se plantean reflexiones pertinentes, mediante ejercicios alusivos y ubicados en la práctica docente. Es decir, una forma de trabajo que puede ser usada por el edu- cador en una parte de su curso, combinado con otras técnicas didácticas y de- limitando los objeti...

Problemas psiquiátricos em geriatria

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Marcelo Blaya

1960-06-01

Full Text Available Foi apresentado um resumo das idéias comumente aceitas em psiquiatria dinâmica com relação aos problemas emocionais da velhice. A necessidade de uma solução eclética para esta questão de crescente importância na sociedade hodierna não impede que se utilize, com vantagem, uma orientação psicanalítica no tratamento dêsses indivíduos. No caso apresentado acham-se ilustrados alguns pontos de vista do autor.

Seeing Cells: Teaching the Visual/Verbal Rhetoric of Biology

Science.gov (United States)

Dinolfo, John; Heifferon, Barbara; Temesvari, Lesly A.

2007-01-01

This pilot study obtained baseline information on verbal and visual rhetorics to teach microscopy techniques to college biology majors. We presented cell images to students in cell biology and biology writing classes and then asked them to identify textual, verbal, and visual cues that support microscopy learning. Survey responses suggest that…

The arcuate fasciculus network and verbal deficits in psychosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenney Joanne P.M.

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Verbal learning (VL and fluency (VF are prominent cognitive deficits in psychosis, of which the precise neuroanatomical contributions are not fully understood. We investigated the arcuate fasciculus (AF and its associated cortical regions to identify structural abnormalities contributing to these verbal impairments in early stages of psychotic illness.

Modelagem Integrada do Problema de Programação de Tripulantes de Aeronaves

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Wagner de Paula Gomes

2011-09-01

Full Text Available

Este artigo trata o Problema de Programação de Tripulantes (PPT, de importância fundamental no planejamento operacional das empresas aéreas. O PPT é normalmente dividido na literatura em dois subproblemas, formulados e resolvidos sequencialmente: Problema de Determinação das Viagens (PDV e Problema de Atribuição de Escalas (PAE. Esta decomposição justifica-se pela sua natureza combinatória, porém deixa de proporcionar um tratamento global ao PPT, em termos de custo e qualidade da solução final. Portanto, o estado da arte envolve a solução integrada do PPT, em que ambos os subproblemas são resolvidos simultaneamente. O problema, no entanto, é NP-Difícil. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para modelagem integrada do PPT, através de um Algoritmo Genético Híbrido (AGH associado a um procedimento de busca em profundidade, levando em conta as particularidades da legislação brasileira. A metodologia foi testada, com sucesso, para a solução de instâncias baseadas na malha real de uma empresa aérea brasileira.

Memory, verbal fluency, and response inhibition in normal aging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaurav Thapliyal

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The concepts of aging-related cognitive changes have appeared to be a major challenge in the society. In this context, the present study was planned to find out the functioning of aging population on different neurocognitive measures. Aims: The aim of the study was to find out the neurocognitive functioning, namely memory, verbal fluency, and response inhibition of normal aging population. Materials and Methods: Following purposive sampling technique, a total of 50 healthy subjects (30 males and 20 females in the age range of 60-70 years were recruited from Jaipur city of Rajasthan. Mini-mental state Examination, PGI memory scale, animal names test, and Stroop test were administered. Results: The findings reveal dysfunction in almost all the domains of memory, namely mental balance, attention and concentration, delayed recall, verbal retention for dissimilar pairs, visual retention and recognition, immediate recall, verbal retention for similar pairs, and visual retention. In domain of verbal fluency, all subjects gave low responses on the animal names test. In domain of response inhibition, all the subjects took less time in color test as compared to color word test on the Stroop task. Conclusions: Findings suggest that there are dysfunction in the area of memory, verbal fluency, and response inhibition in persons aged 60-70 years. However, recent and remote memory were found to be intact.

The visual attention span deficit in dyslexia is visual and not verbal.

Science.gov (United States)

Lobier, Muriel; Zoubrinetzky, Rachel; Valdois, Sylviane

2012-06-01

The visual attention (VA) span deficit hypothesis of dyslexia posits that letter string deficits are a consequence of impaired visual processing. Alternatively, some have interpreted this deficit as resulting from a visual-to-phonology code mapping impairment. This study aims to disambiguate between the two interpretations by investigating performance in a non-verbal character string visual categorization task with verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Results show that VA span ability predicts performance for the non-verbal visual processing task in normal reading children. Furthermore, VA span impaired dyslexic children are also impaired for the categorization task independently of stimuli type. This supports the hypothesis that the underlying impairment responsible for the VA span deficit is visual, not verbal. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.

Verbal memory after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in children: Do only mesial structures matter?

Science.gov (United States)

Law, Nicole; Benifla, Mony; Rutka, James; Smith, Mary Lou

2017-02-01

Previous findings have been mixed regarding verbal memory outcome after left temporal lobectomy in children, and there are few studies comparing verbal memory change after lateral versus mesial temporal lobe resections. We compared verbal memory outcome associated with sparing or including the mesial structures in children who underwent left or right temporal lobe resection. We also investigated predictors of postsurgical verbal memory change. We retrospectively assessed verbal memory change approximately 1 year after unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy surgery using a list learning task. Participants included 23 children who underwent temporal lobe surgery with sparing of the mesial structures (13 left), and 40 children who had a temporal lobectomy that included resection of mesial structures (22 left). Children who underwent resection from the left lateral and mesial temporal lobe were the only group to show decline in verbal memory. Furthermore, when we considered language representation in the left temporal resection group, patients with left language representation and spared mesial structures showed essentially no change in verbal memory from preoperative to follow-up, whereas those with left language representation and excised mesial structures showed a decline. Postoperative seizure status had no effect on verbal memory change in children after left temporal lobe surgery. Finally, we found that patients with intact preoperative verbal memory experienced a significant decline compared to those with below average preoperative verbal memory. Our findings provide evidence of significant risk factors for verbal memory decline in children, specific to left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Children who undergo left temporal lobe surgery that includes mesial structures may be most vulnerable for verbal memory decline, especially when language representation is localized to the left hemisphere and when preoperative verbal memory is intact. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. �

Verbal versus Physical Aggression in Intermittent Explosive Disorder

OpenAIRE

Look, Amy E.; McCloskey, Michael S.; Coccaro, Emil F.

2014-01-01

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is the only adult psychiatric diagnosis for which pathological aggression is primary. DSM-IV criteria focused on physical aggression, but DSM-5 allows for an IED diagnosis in the presence of frequent verbal aggression with or without concurrent physical aggression. It remains unclear how individuals with verbal aggression differ from those with physical aggression with respect to cognitive-affective deficits and psychosocial functioning. The current study...

verbal extensions: valency decreasing extensions in the basà ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Finance

London: Hodder. Education. Imoh, P.M., 2013. Verbal extensions: Valency increasing operations in Basà verbal system. Paper presented at the West African Languages Congress (WALC) and 26th Annual. Conference of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria (26th CLAN), 29th July to 2nd August. 2013, University of Ibadan, ...

Differential learning and memory performance in OEF/OIF veterans for verbal and visual material.

Science.gov (United States)

Sozda, Christopher N; Muir, James J; Springer, Utaka S; Partovi, Diana; Cole, Michael A

2014-05-01

Memory complaints are particularly salient among veterans who experience combat-related mild traumatic brain injuries and/or trauma exposure, and represent a primary barrier to successful societal reintegration and everyday functioning. Anecdotally within clinical practice, verbal learning and memory performance frequently appears differentially reduced versus visual learning and memory scores. We sought to empirically investigate the robustness of a verbal versus visual learning and memory discrepancy and to explore potential mechanisms for a verbal/visual performance split. Participants consisted of 103 veterans with reported history of mild traumatic brain injuries returning home from U.S. military Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Findings indicate that visual learning and memory abilities were largely intact while verbal learning and memory performance was significantly reduced in comparison, residing at approximately 1.1 SD below the mean for verbal learning and approximately 1.4 SD below the mean for verbal memory. This difference was not observed in verbal versus visual fluency performance, nor was it associated with estimated premorbid verbal abilities or traumatic brain injury history. In our sample, symptoms of depression, but not posttraumatic stress disorder, were significantly associated with reduced composite verbal learning and memory performance. Verbal learning and memory performance may benefit from targeted treatment of depressive symptomatology. Also, because visual learning and memory functions may remain intact, these might be emphasized when applying neurocognitive rehabilitation interventions to compensate for observed verbal learning and memory difficulties.

Verbal Thinking and Inner Speech Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, David M; Peng, Cynthia; Wallace, Gregory L

2016-12-01

The extent to which cognition is verbally mediated in neurotypical individuals is the subject of debate in cognitive neuropsychology, as well as philosophy and psychology. Studying "verbal thinking" in developmental/neuropsychological disorders provides a valuable opportunity to inform theory building, as well as clinical practice. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive, critical review of such studies among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD involves severe social-communication deficits and limitations in cognitive/behavioural flexibility. The prevailing view in the field is that neither cognition nor behaviour is mediated verbally in ASD, and that this contributes to diagnostic features. However, our review suggests that, on the contrary, most studies to date actually find that among people with ASD cognitive task performance is either a) mediated verbally in a typical fashion, or b) not mediated verbally, but at no obvious cost to overall task performance. Overall though, these studies have methodological limitations and thus clear-cut conclusions are not possible at this stage. The aim of the review is to take stock of existing empirical findings, as well as to help develop the directions for future research that will resolve the many outstanding issues in this field.

Verbal Aggressiveness Among Physicians and Trainees.

Science.gov (United States)

Lazarus, Jenny Lynn; Hosseini, Motahar; Kamangar, Farin; Levien, David H; Rowland, Pamela A; Kowdley, Gopal C; Cunningham, Steven C

2016-01-01

To better understand verbal aggressiveness among physicians and trainees, including specialty-specific differences. The Infante Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (IVAS) was administered as part of a survey to 48 medical students, 24 residents, and 257 attending physicians. The 72 trainees received the IVAS and demographic questions, whereas the attending physicians received additional questions regarding type of practice, career satisfaction, litigation, and personality type. The IVAS scores showed high reliability (Cronbach α = 0.83). Among all trainees, 56% were female with mean age 28 years, whereas among attending physicians, 63% were male with mean age 50 years. Average scores of trainees were higher than attending physicians with corresponding averages of 1.88 and 1.68, respectively. Among trainees, higher IVAS scores were significantly associated with male sex, non-US birthplace, choice of surgery, and a history of bullying. Among attending physicians, higher IVAS scores were significantly associated with male sex, younger age, self-reported low-quality of patient-physician relationships, and low enjoyment talking to patients. General surgery and general internal medicine physicians were significantly associated with higher IVAS scores than other specialties. General practitioners (surgeons and medical physicians) had higher IVAS scores than the specialists in their corresponding fields. No significant correlation was found between IVAS scores and threats of legal action against attending physicians, or most personality traits. Additional findings regarding bullying in medical school, physician-patient interactions, and having a method to deal with inappropriate behavior at work were observed. Individuals choosing general specialties display more aggressive verbal communication styles, general surgeons displaying the highest. The IVAS scoring system may identify subgroups of physicians with overly aggressive (problematic) communication skills and may provide a

[Deficit of verbal recall caused by left dorso-lateral thalamic infarction].

Science.gov (United States)

Rousseaux, M; Cabaret, M; Benaim, C; Steinling, M

1995-01-01

A case of amnesia with preferential disorder of verbal recall, associated to a limited infarct of the left superior, external and anterior thalamus, is reported. This lesion involved the anterior and middle dorso-lateral nuclei and the centrolateral nucleus, sparing most of the structures classically incriminated in diencephalic amnesia. At the initial stage, the patient presented discrete language impairment and severe deficit of semantic processing, which later recovered. At the late stage, the anterograde and retrograde amnesia principally concerned the recall of verbal information used in daily life, verbal learning using short-term and long-term recall, questionnaires evaluating retrograde memory and requiring the evocation of proper names. Verbal priming was also affected. Verbal recognition was preserved. Evocation of the most recent events of the personal life was also impaired. Confrontation of this case with others previously reported suggests that various thalamic amnesias may be described, associated to different cognitive deficits, in relation with the preferential situation of lesions.

Problemas Familiares Contemporâneos o Situaciones Familiares Actuales: Invariancia y Novedad

OpenAIRE

Berenstein,Isidoro

2002-01-01

O autor inicia por perguntar-se sobre a relevância da família na atualidade. Para responder esta questão, examina os vínculos de casal e de relação entre pais e filhos, situando-os historicamente. Sugere que os "problemas familiares" instauram-se a partir do momento em que se institui uma forma de família como oficial, sendo "problemas" as que não seguem esse modelo. Por isto, prefere referir-se a diferentes "situações familiares", que passam a ser pensadas a partir da crítica de dois critéri...

Heart rate variability during acute psychosocial stress: A randomized cross-over trial of verbal and non-verbal laboratory stressors.

Science.gov (United States)

Brugnera, Agostino; Zarbo, Cristina; Tarvainen, Mika P; Marchettini, Paolo; Adorni, Roberta; Compare, Angelo

2018-05-01

Acute psychosocial stress is typically investigated in laboratory settings using protocols with distinctive characteristics. For example, some tasks involve the action of speaking, which seems to alter Heart Rate Variability (HRV) through acute changes in respiration patterns. However, it is still unknown which task induces the strongest subjective and autonomic stress response. The present cross-over randomized trial sought to investigate the differences in perceived stress and in linear and non-linear analyses of HRV between three different verbal (Speech and Stroop) and non-verbal (Montreal Imaging Stress Task; MIST) stress tasks, in a sample of 60 healthy adults (51.7% females; mean age = 25.6 ± 3.83 years). Analyses were run controlling for respiration rates. Participants reported similar levels of perceived stress across the three tasks. However, MIST induced a stronger cardiovascular response than Speech and Stroop tasks, even after controlling for respiration rates. Finally, women reported higher levels of perceived stress and lower HRV both at rest and in response to acute psychosocial stressors, compared to men. Taken together, our results suggest the presence of gender-related differences during psychophysiological experiments on stress. They also suggest that verbal activity masked the vagal withdrawal through altered respiration patterns imposed by speaking. Therefore, our findings support the use of highly-standardized math task, such as MIST, as a valid and reliable alternative to verbal protocols during laboratory studies on stress. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apoio comportamental positivo: estratégias educacionais aplicadas a comportamentos-problema de alunos

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Karyne de Souza Augusto Rios

Full Text Available Baseado no modelo de Apoio Comportamental Positivo o estudo objetivou identificar como 40 diretores de escolas de educação infantil descreviam o processo de elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de estratégias educativas para comportamentos-problema de alunos. Resultados do questionário apontaram que 77,5% dos diretores indicaram comportamentos-problema em seus alunos. As estratégias educativas mais utilizadas foram conversar com a criança (13,3% e conversar com pais (13,3%. A ação mais utilizada para a avaliação foi a observação da criança (27,6%. De forma geral, verificou-se que as estratégias utilizadas foram realizadas informal e assistematicamente. Aponta-se a necessidade de pesquisas sobre a inclusão de crianças com comportamentos-problema e o desafio de repensar a formação dos educadores.

La solución de problemas cognitivos. Una reflexión cognitiva sociocultural

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Rosalía Montealegre

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo, que se basa en la psicología histórico-cultural, enfatiza la solución de problemas como función psicológica superior ligada con otras funciones psíquicas: lenguaje, pensamiento, razonamiento, etc. Presenta una reflexión sociocultural sobre la solución de problemas cognitivos al abordar: 1. El pensamiento productivo (creativo: los métodos de investigación y los instrumentos (artefactos de mediación; 2. La ciencia cognitiva: el sistema de procesamiento de información, la cognición distribuida y la formación de acciones mentales; 3. El conflicto sociocognitivo: las interacciones sociales, el conflicto estructurante, la regulación sociocognitiva y la zona de desarrollo próximo. Concluye en la necesidad de formar la solución de problemas desarrollando: el pensamiento productivo, las estrategias cognitivas y el análisis de conceptos y hechos sociales

Resolución e invención de problemas en la Educación Matemática

OpenAIRE

Espinoza, Johan

2013-01-01

Los programas de estudio de Matemática en Costa Rica, proponen la Resolución de Problemas en contextos reales como estrategia metodológica principal y el Planteamiento de Problemas como uno de los cinco procesos matemáticos. Así, este estudio analiza algunos elementos que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos empleando dicha estrategia y el papel del planteamiento de problemas como actividad complementaria en dicho proceso. Los resultados muestran la i...

Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants

Science.gov (United States)

Caldwell-Tarr, Amanda; Low, Keri E.; Lowenstein, Joanna H.

2017-01-01

Purpose Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined. Participants Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier. Method A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition. Results Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed. Conclusions The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code. PMID:29075747

PROBLEMAS LOCOMOTORES EM FRANGOS DE CORTE - REVISÃO. / LOCOMOTOR PROBLEMS IN BROILER CHICKENS - A REVIEW.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

IBIARA CORREIA DE LIMA ALMEIDA PAZ

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O bem estar animal é, sem dúvida, um dos pontos em que os produtores de aves devem se atentar para conseguir melhor rentabilidade e colocação no mercado externo. No entanto, é necessário ter uma ampla idéia de que alguns pontos impostos por mercados importadores, muitas vezes não tem fundamento científico e tratam-se mais de barreiras não tarifárias que de problemas de produção propriamente ditos. Dentre os vários fatores que afetam o bem estar animal pode-se destacar a incidência de problemas locomotores, principalmente em animais confinados. Estes distúrbios podem acarretar em perdas de até 6% em lotes comercias de frangos de corte, além de outras perdas não mensuráveis em linhas de abate, por fraturas e hematomas. Existem diversas metodologias para diagnosticar problemas locomotores, entretanto, a mais difundida na indústria avícola é o Gait Score, por sua facilidade de aplicação e por englobar os diferentes tipos de problemas locomotores. Sabe-se, contudo que esta metodologia é bastante subjetiva e pode inferir  em  diferentes  níveis  de  avaliação  dependendo  do método  utilizado. Os  problemas locomotores devem ser prevenidos já que depois de estabelecidos as perdas são inevitáveis.

Verbal Processing Speed and Executive Functioning in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users

Science.gov (United States)

AuBuchon, Angela M.; Pisoni, David B.; Kronenberger, William G.

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report how "verbal rehearsal speed" (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal…

Non-verbal numerical cognition: from reals to integers.

Science.gov (United States)

Gallistel; Gelman

2000-02-01

Data on numerical processing by verbal (human) and non-verbal (animal and human) subjects are integrated by the hypothesis that a non-verbal counting process represents discrete (countable) quantities by means of magnitudes with scalar variability. These appear to be identical to the magnitudes that represent continuous (uncountable) quantities such as duration. The magnitudes representing countable quantity are generated by a discrete incrementing process, which defines next magnitudes and yields a discrete ordering. In the case of continuous quantities, the continuous accumulation process does not define next magnitudes, so the ordering is also continuous ('dense'). The magnitudes representing both countable and uncountable quantity are arithmetically combined in, for example, the computation of the income to be expected from a foraging patch. Thus, on the hypothesis presented here, the primitive machinery for arithmetic processing works with real numbers (magnitudes).

Verbal aspects in West Greenlandic

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Trondhjem, Naja Blytmann

2017-01-01

In this article, lexical aspectual types in West Greenlandic are investigated in the five aspectual types, states, achievements, semelfactives, activities and accomplishments. It is shown that derivational verbalizing affixes include aspectual type congruent with the lexical aspect and how the as...

Neuroarchitecture of verbal and tonal working memory in nonmusicians and musicians.

Science.gov (United States)

Schulze, Katrin; Zysset, Stefan; Mueller, Karsten; Friederici, Angela D; Koelsch, Stefan

2011-05-01

Working memory (WM) for auditory information has been thought of as a unitary system, but whether WM for verbal and tonal information relies on the same or different functional neuroarchitectures has remained unknown. This fMRI study examines verbal and tonal WM in both nonmusicians (who are trained in speech, but not in music) and highly trained musicians (who are trained in both domains). The data show that core structures of WM are involved in both tonal and verbal WM (Broca's area, premotor cortex, pre-SMA/SMA, left insular cortex, inferior parietal lobe), although with significantly different structural weightings, in both nonmusicians and musicians. Additionally, musicians activated specific subcomponents only during verbal (right insular cortex) or only during tonal WM (right globus pallidus, right caudate nucleus, and left cerebellum). These results reveal the existence of two WM systems in musicians: A phonological loop supporting rehearsal of phonological information, and a tonal loop supporting rehearsal of tonal information. Differences between groups for tonal WM, and between verbal and tonal WM within musicians, were mainly related to structures involved in controlling, programming and planning of actions, thus presumably reflecting differences in action-related sensorimotor coding of verbal and tonal information. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Verbal auditory agnosia in a patient with traumatic brain injury: A case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jong Min; Woo, Seung Beom; Lee, Zeeihn; Heo, Sung Jae; Park, Donghwi

2018-03-01

Verbal auditory agnosia is the selective inability to recognize verbal sounds. Patients with this disorder lose the ability to understand language, write from dictation, and repeat words with reserved ability to identify nonverbal sounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, there was no report about verbal auditory agnosia in adult patient with traumatic brain injury. He was able to clearly distinguish between language and nonverbal sounds, and he did not have any difficulty in identifying the environmental sounds. However, he did not follow oral commands and could not repeat and dictate words. On the other hand, he had fluent and comprehensible speech, and was able to read and understand written words and sentences. Verbal auditory agnosia INTERVENTION:: He received speech therapy and cognitive rehabilitation during his hospitalization, and he practiced understanding of verbal language by providing written sentences together. Two months after hospitalization, he regained his ability to understand some verbal words. Six months after hospitalization, his ability to understand verbal language was improved to an understandable level when speaking slowly in front of his eyes, but his comprehension of verbal sound language was still word level, not sentence level. This case gives us the lesson that the evaluation of auditory functions as well as cognition and language functions important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, because the verbal auditory agnosia tends to be easily misdiagnosed as hearing impairment, cognitive dysfunction and sensory aphasia.

Aproximación de los problemas de optimización por redes neuronales artificiales

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Caballero Fernandez, Rafael

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo, pretendemos aportar un conocimiento de cómo puede aproximarse un problema de optimización mediante la dinámica de las redes neuronales artificiales, específicamente mediante las redes de tipo Hopfield. La elección de este tipo de redes radica en el objetivo que nos hemos propuesto en el presente trabajo, la resolución on-line de los problemas de optimización lineal, cuadrática, no lineal y combinatoria. Construimos, desarrollamos y justificamos formalmente una metodología integral que permite recoger los distintos tipos de problemas de optimización y construir una red neuronal de tipo Hopfield que los resuelva de una manera computacionalmente adecuada y formalmente correcta, comparando los resultados obtenidos con los publicados más recientemente.

Verbal abuse of nurses by physicians in a private sector setting

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E Joubert

2005-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to determine whether physicians in a private sector setting verbally abuse nurses, and to what extent. A review of the literature showed that verbal abuse by physicians accounts for the highest incidence of aggression towards nurses in health care, and that it is strongly related to turnover rates. It has also been reported in recent studies that within the context of verbally abusive episodes, patient care, work productivity, morale and job satisfaction have been negatively affected. Of the 120 questionnaires that were distributed among registered and enrolled nurses, 83 were returned in time to be used, which was a response rate of 69%. This response rate is consistent with previous studies and is exactly the same as for a study that was done in Turkey (Uzun, 2003:81. The questionnaire used was one that has been adapted from the Verbal Abuse Scale developed by Manderino and Berkey (1997:50 and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS 2 as described by Little (1999:24, and was in the form of a 4-point Likert-scale with one open ended question. The results showed that 79% of the nurses admitted that verbal abuse was taking place. Forms of direct verbal abuse included 81 % that felt they were criticised unjustly, 76% that were screamed at in front of others, and 81 % that felt physicians vented their frustration on them. The results obtained in the study were consistent with previous studies done elsewhere and it indicated that nurses still experience high levels of verbal abuse in the workplace.

General types of idiomatic verbal units in English and Swahili

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Людмила Алексеевна Семенкова

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the comparative analysis of the idiomatic verbal units-word combination of the two typologically different languages - English and Swahili: As a result a number of general syntactic types of their idiomatic verbal units are determined.

Oncologists’ non-verbal behavior and analog patients’ recall of information

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hillen, M.A.; de Haes, H.C.J.M.; van Tienhoven, G.; van Laarhoven, H.W.M.; van Weert, J.C.M.; Vermeulen, D.M.; Smets, E.M.A.

2016-01-01

Background Information in oncological consultations is often excessive. Those patients who better recall information are more satisfied, less anxious and more adherent. Optimal recall may be enhanced by the oncologist’s non-verbal communication. We tested the influence of three non-verbal behaviors,

Oncologists' non-verbal behavior and analog patients' recall of information

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hillen, Marij A.; de Haes, Hanneke C. J. M.; van Tienhoven, Geertjan; van Laarhoven, Hanneke W. M.; van Weert, Julia C. M.; Vermeulen, Daniëlle M.; Smets, Ellen M. A.

2016-01-01

Background Information in oncological consultations is often excessive. Those patients who better recall information are more satisfied, less anxious and more adherent. Optimal recall may be enhanced by the oncologist's non-verbal communication. We tested the influence of three non-verbal behaviors,

Motor skills and verbal fluency in HIV positive older adults in Rural ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Finger Tapping Test of the Developmental Neuropsychological Test Battery was also used. Results: Tests of motor skill were less sensitive to HIV infection (F (1, 48) = 1.134, p= .292) than verbal fluency tests-Hopkins Verbal Learning (F (1, 48) = 42.994, p=.000, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- delay (F (1, 48) = 45.886, ...

Problemas de saúde mental e tabagismo em adolescentes do sul do Brasil

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Ana M B Menezes

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e uso de tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 4.325 adolescentes de 15 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Tabagismo foi definido como fumar um ou mais cigarros nos últimos 30 dias. Saúde mental foi avaliada de acordo com o escore total do questionário Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire e escore maior ou igual a 20 pontos foi considerado como positivo. Os dados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi 6,0% e cerca de 30% dos adolescentes apresentaram algum tipo de problema de saúde mental. Na análise bruta, a razão de prevalências para tabagismo foi de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5; 4,2. Após ajuste (para sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, grupo de amigos fumantes, trabalho no último ano, repetência escolar, atividade física de lazer e uso experimental de bebida alcoólica, diminuiu para 1,7 (IC95% 1,2; 2,3 entre aqueles com problemas de saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência podem ter relação com o consumo de tabaco.

The Influence of verbalization on the pattern of cortical activation during mental arithmetic

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Zarnhofer Sabrina

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The aim of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI study at 3 T was to investigate the influence of the verbal-visual cognitive style on cerebral activation patterns during mental arithmetic. In the domain of arithmetic, a visual style might for example mean to visualize numbers and (intermediate results, and a verbal style might mean, that numbers and (intermediate results are verbally repeated. In this study, we investigated, first, whether verbalizers show activations in areas for language processing, and whether visualizers show activations in areas for visual processing during mental arithmetic. Some researchers have proposed that the left and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS, and the left angular gyrus (AG, two areas involved in number processing, show some domain or modality specificity. That is, verbal for the left AG, and visual for the left and right IPS. We investigated, second, whether the activation in these areas implied in number processing depended on an individual's cognitive style. Methods 42 young healthy adults participated in the fMRI study. The study comprised two functional sessions. In the first session, subtraction and multiplication problems were presented in an event-related design, and in the second functional session, multiplications were presented in two formats, as Arabic numerals and as written number words, in an event-related design. The individual's habitual use of visualization and verbalization during mental arithmetic was assessed by a short self-report assessment. Results We observed in both functional sessions that the use of verbalization predicts activation in brain areas associated with language (supramarginal gyrus and auditory processing (Heschl's gyrus, Rolandic operculum. However, we found no modulation of activation in the left AG as a function of verbalization. Conclusions Our results confirm that strong verbalizers use mental speech as a form of mental

Tamanho ao nascer e problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos em uma coorte brasileira de nascimentos

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Erika Alejandra Giraldo Gallo

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre tamanho ao nascer e problemas de saúde mental aos 11 anos na Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993. Foram pesados e medidos ao nascer 4.358 recém-nascidos. Avaliou-se problemas de saúde mental com o questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ. A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental foi de 32% (IC95%: 31-33. Na análise ajustada, os 291 (6,7% recém-nascidos com escorez de peso/idade e os 268 (6,2% com índice de massa corporal (IMC/idade +2 DP tiveram, respectivamente, 34% (IC95%: 6-71 e 19% (IC95%: 1-40 maior risco de apresentar esses problemas se comparados com aqueles com escore normal. Os resultados sugerem que fatores ocorridos na gestação e refletidos nas medidas de tamanho ao nascer podem ocasionar problemas de saúde mental em etapas tardias.

APLICACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS EN INGENIERÍA APLICAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROBLEMAS EM ENGENHARIA PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING

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Maria Victoria Echavarria

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El aprendizaje basado en problemas es una estrategia pedagógica ampliamente utilizada en el mundo con el propósito de mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, quienes se convierten en el centro del proceso. Este artículo presenta el reporte de un caso que ilustra la aplicación, el proceso y sus resultados de aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP durante cinco semestres consecutivos en el curso de Gestión y Control de Procesos perteneciente a las carreras de Ingeniería Industrial e Ingeniería Administrativa en Colombia. El papel del profesor y los resultados de los alumnos son elementos críticos en la evaluación del proceso de implementación de ABP.A aprendizagem baseada em problemas é uma estratégia pedagógica amplamente utilizada no mundo, com o objetivo de melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos, que se tornam o centro do processo. Este artigo apresenta um relatório de um caso que ilustra a aplicação, o processo e os resultados da aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP durante cinco semestres consecutivos no curso de Gestão e Controle de Processos pertencente às carreiras de Engenharia Industrial e Engenharia Administrativa na Colômbia. O papel do professor e os resultados dos alunos são elementos críticos na avaliação do processo de implementação da PBL.Problem-based learning is a pedagogical strategy widely applied in many universities worldwide with the purpose of improving the learning out come of the students who become the center of the process. This paper presents a case report illustrating an experience, its evolving process and subsequent results of a problem-based learning (PBL application during five semesters in a Process Management and Control course for under graduate programs of Industrial Engineering and Management Engineering in Colombia. The teacher's role and student assessments are critical elements for the evaluation of the PBL implementation process.

UNA HERRAMIENTA MATRICIAL PARA EL MODELADO EN 2-D DE ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS DE CONTACTO ELÁSTICO

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FABIO ALEXANDER SUÁREZ

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En los contactos localizados, la búsqueda de las relaciones entre la carga, la geometría de los cuerpos, sus propiedades elásticas y la geometría de la zona de contacto, constituye un campo del conocimiento de alto impacto tecnológico. El conocimiento de estas relaciones permite entender mejor el comportamiento de los sistemas tribológicos para mejorar su diseño y desempeño. Este artículo busca dar a conocer una herramienta matricial útil para el modelado de problemas bidimiensionales de contactos elásticos. Basada en una generalización del problema de Flamant, dicha matriz constituye un vínculo entre los desplazamientos perpendiculares a la superficie que experimentan los puntos de ésta y la forma como se distribuye la carga en la zona de contacto, permitiendo encontrar una de estas variables en función de la otra. Esta es una herramienta sencilla y de gran utilidad para la solución de problemas complejos de este tipo. Para mostrar su utilidad, esta matriz fue empleada para resolver el problema del contacto elástico entre dos cilindros largos, problema inicialmente planteado por Hertz; los resultados encontrados son iguales a los obtenidos por Hertz en su solución analítica.

O problema da roteirização periódica de veículos

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Luciele Wu

2009-06-01

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Este artigo trata do problema de roteirização periódica, uma generalização do problema clássico de roteirização de veículos. Neste problema, os pontos a serem atendidos podem ter diferentes freqüências de visitas e a roteirização deve considerar um período de planejamento. Portanto, é preciso decidir quais são os melhores dias de visita para cada ponto (respeitando sua freqüência de visitas, para que a roteirização seja otimizada para todo o horizonte de planejamento. Este problema ocorre no contexto da logística inbound na indústria automobilística. Neste caso, não só os roteiros de coleta devem ser determinados como também os dias em que cada fornece- dor pode ser visitado, dado que os diferentes fornecedores podem ter diferentes freqüências. Com a finalidade de explorar novas abor- dagens para este tipo de problema de maneira que houvesse um aumento na qualidade de soluções e diminuição do tempo de proces- samento computacional, são propostas três estratégias heurísticas de solução, baseadas em inserção, GRASP e algoritmos genéticos. As estratégias foram implementadas e testadas para problemas encontrados na literatura, bem como problemas gerados aleatoriamente.

Abstract: This article deals with the period vehicle routing problem, which can be viewed as a generalization of the classical vehicle routing problem. In this problem, points to be serviced may have different frequencies and the routing is accomplished over a given planning horizon. Thus, one must decide which are the best days to visit each point (respecting its given frequency, so that the routing over the overall planning horizon is optimized. This problem arises in the context of inbound logistics in the automotive industry. In this case, pick-up routes should be determined as well as the days each supplier must be visited, given that the different suppliers may have different