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  1. Cinéma en France

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michel VIGOUROUX

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available Le cinéma est l’objet de bases de données exhaustives sur les équipements et les fréquentations. Les données sur les salles permettent d’identifier le phénomène de concentration de propriété et d’exploitation. La perspective dynamique peut être observée sur 45 ans. À l’échelle régionale, on peut apprécier le dynamisme du cinéma en haute montagne alpine et la différence de réseaux sur le territoire (France de l’Ouest.

  2. Post-treatment CIN

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bais, Aagje G; Eijkemans, Marinus J C; Rebolj, Mateja

    2009-01-01

    We investigated in a randomised clinical trial whether addition of hrHPV testing (high-risk human papillomavirus) to cytological follow-up after treatment for high-grade CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3) can lead to a better selection of women at risk for residual/recurrent CIN. We...

  3. Vie et mort d’un ciné-club: le ciné-club d’Ivry (1948-1983)

    OpenAIRE

    Destouches, André

    2012-01-01

    L’histoire du ciné-club d’Ivry s’inscrit pleinement dans celle du mouvement ciné-club. Né dans l’effervescence culturelle de l’après-guerre qui voit se multiplier les ciné-clubs pour un public avide de projections et de débats, il connaît un succès éclatant jusqu’au début des années 1950. Après un passage à vide, il retrouve tout son éclat dans les années de la «Nouvelle Vague» où il est l’un des plus importants ciné-clubs de France. Les difficultés apparaissent au tournant des années 1960 et...

  4. Conservative management of CIN2: National Audit of British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology members' opinion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macdonald, Madeleine; Smith, John H F; Tidy, John A; Palmer, Julia E

    2018-04-01

    There is no doubt that organised cervical screening programmes have significantly reduced the rates of cervical cancer by detection and treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2, CIN3). National UK guidelines do not differentiate between CIN2 and CIN3 as separate entities and recommend treatment for both, although a degree of uncertainty exists regarding the natural history of CIN2. This national survey of British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology members aimed to assess attitudes towards conservative management (CM) of CIN2 in the UK and identify potential selection criteria. In total, 511 members responded (response rate 32%); 55.6% offered CM for selective cases; 12.4% for all cases; 16.4% had formal guidelines. Most agreed age group was >40yrs (83%), HPV 16/18 positive (51.4%), smoking (60%), immuno-compromise (74.2%), and large lesion size (80.8%) were relative contraindications for CM. 75.9% favoured six-monthly monitoring, with 80.2% preferring excisional treatment for persistent high-grade disease. Many UK colposcopists manage CIN2 conservatively without formal guidelines. Potential selection criteria should be investigated by a multicentre study. Impact statement Although anecdotally some colposcopists manage many women with CIN2 conservatively, this National Audit of British Society for Colposcopy and Cytopathology members, we believe, is the first time this has been formally recorded. The survey assesses current attitudes towards conservative management (CM) of CIN2 and seeks to identify potential selection criteria that could be used to identify suitable women. It received over 500 responses and significantly, identified many colposcopists recommending CM of CIN2 for patients despite the lack of any formal guidance regarding this approach. The greater majority of respondents were keen to consider participating in a multicentre trial on CM of CIN2 targeting the UK screening population (25-64 years). The paper has

  5. Safety of contrast media. Focus on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuwatsuru, Ryohei

    2011-01-01

    Despite advances in imaging diagnosis, contrast media still play an important role in diagnosing the existence of the disease, demonstrating the extent of disease, and determining the perfusion of the disease, which is important to make a differential diagnosis. However, the administration of contrast media may cause contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), especially in patients with renal impairment. It is estimated that 20-30% of patients with renal impairment who received contrast media develop CIN. Though the precise cause of CIN currently remains unknown, almost all injected contrast media are excreted through the kidney and the effects of contrast media on the kidney are easily understood. As CIN is the most common cause of death due to complications after receiving contrast media, prevention of CIN is important. There are several known risk factors for CIN. Patients with renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, and dehydration are at high risk for CIN. Furthermore, a high osmolar contrast media, excessive amount of contrast media, and ionic contrast media are also risk factors for CIN. CIN can be prevented in several ways. Certain drugs seem to be useful to prevent CIN, while others are harmful. Hydration is useful to prevent CIN, although there is no widely acceptable hydration method to prevent CIN. Both sodium bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine are promising candidates for prevention of CIN. There are few reports to study CIN after intravenous administration, although reports of CIN after percutaneous cardiac intervention (PCI) and angiography are well recognized. In clinical situations, intravenous administration of contrast media is common. Therefore, a study of CIN after intravenous administration of contrast media should be performed. (author)

  6. Photodynamic therapy of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) high grade

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carbinatto, Fernanda M.; Inada, Natalia M.; Lombardi, Welington; da Silva, Eduardo V.; Belotto, Renata; Kurachi, Cristina; Bagnato, Vanderlei S.

    2016-02-01

    Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the precursor of invasive cervical cancer and associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that has been used for the treatment of tumors. PDT is based on the accumulation of a photosensitizer in target cells that will generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon illumination, inducing the death of abnormal tissue and PDT with less damaging to normal tissues than surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy and seems to be a promising alternative procedure for CIN treatment. The CIN high grades (II and III) presents potential indications for PDT due the success of PDT for CIN low grade treatment. The patients with CIN high grade that were treated with new clinic protocol shows lesion regression to CIN low grade 60 days after the treatment. The new clinical protocol using for treatment of CIN high grade shows great potential to become a public health technique.

  7. CIN classification and prediction using machine learning methods

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chirkina, Anastasia; Medvedeva, Marina; Komotskiy, Evgeny

    2017-06-01

    The aim of this paper is a comparison of the existing classification algorithms with different parameters, and selection those ones, which allows solving the problem of primary diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), as it characterizes the condition of the body in the precancerous stage. The paper describes a feature selection process, as well as selection of the best models for a multiclass classification.

  8. Plasma Protein Profiles Differ Between Women Diagnosed with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN 1 and 3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edward E. Partridge

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Early detection of precancerous cells in the cervix and their clinical management is the main purpose of cervical cancer prevention and treatment programs. Cytological findings or testing for high risk (HR-human papillomavirus (HPV are inadequately sensitive for use in triage of women at high risk for cervical cancer. The current study is an exploratory study to identify candidate surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI time of flight (TOF mass spectrometry (MS protein profiles in plasma that may distinguish cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 3 from CIN 1 among women infected with HR-HPV. We evaluated the SELDI-TOF-MS plasma protein profiles of HR-HPV positive 32 women with CIN 3 (cases and 28 women with CIN1 (controls. Case-control status was kept blinded and triplicates of each sample and quality control plasma samples were randomized and after robotic sample preparations were run on WCX2 chips. After alignment of mass/charge (m-z values, an iterative method was used to develop a classifier on a training data set that had 28 cases and 22 controls. The classifier developed was used to classify the subjects in a test data set that has six cases and six controls. The classifier separated the cases from controls in the test set with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity suggesting the possibility of using plasma SELDI protein profiles to identify women who are likely to have CIN 3 lesions.

  9. La cinéphilie chrétienne : Amédée Ayfre (1922-1964), sulpicien et critique de cinéma1

    OpenAIRE

    Rocher, Philippe

    2012-01-01

    Prêtre français de saint Sulpice et chrétien cinéphile, Amédée Ayfre a défendu l’esthétique et le réalisme cinématographiques contre le cinéma religieux du « Cinéma catholique ». Le « réalisme cinématographique » est un instrument de révélation chrétienne du Prochain. Brusquement décédé, Amédée Ayfre n’a pas eu la possibilité de dépasser ses premiers « Jalons pour une théologie de l’image ». In the middle Twentieth century, Amédée Ayfre, French priest of the Society of saint Sulpice and Ch...

  10. [CIN and pregnancy. Apropos of 16 cases and review of the literature].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giraud, J R; Poulain, P; Renaud-Giono, A; Burtin, F; Burtin, J F; Proudhon, J F; Levêque, J

    1997-01-01

    To assess the means to diagnose grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 3) during pregnancy, with special consideration to the risk of overlooking invasive lesions. a retrospective study on 16 cases of CIN 3 over 4 years and a literature review. Smear tests were indicative of low-grade lesions in 8 cases. Colposcopy always was suggestive and accompanied by biopsy. No conisations were performed during pregnancy but one was performed after delivery in 15 of 16 cases. After delivery, comparing conisation results with those of recent biopsies revealed that some lesions were less severe and others more severe than during pregnancy. So, a CIN 3 and a microinvasive carcinoma observed during pregnancy changed into CIN 2 and CIN 3, respectively, after delivery. In contrast, two pregnancy CIN 2 were seen as CIN 3 in post-partum and three CIN 3 as MIC. Such variations have been described in the literature and have several causes. In particular, improvements may sometimes reach "normalisation" in post partum although, recurrences remain possible. when the smear tests performed during pregnancy are indicative of cervical intra-epithalial lesions, whatever the severity, colposcopy with biopsies are mandatory. If a CIN 3 is detected, early MIC should be removed, which may require specific treatment according to the invasive degree. Colposcopy with guided biopsies is a safe and reliable diagnostic means. After delivery, the cervix should always be reexamined, preferably by conisation, even if smears or colposcopy were normal.

  11. Deletion of the Tail Domain of the Kinesin-5 Cin8 Affects Its Directionality*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Düselder, André; Fridman, Vladimir; Thiede, Christina; Wiesbaum, Alice; Goldstein, Alina; Klopfenstein, Dieter R.; Zaitseva, Olga; Janson, Marcel E.; Gheber, Larisa; Schmidt, Christoph F.

    2015-01-01

    The bipolar kinesin-5 motors are one of the major players that govern mitotic spindle dynamics. Their bipolar structure enables them to cross-link and slide apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs) emanating from the opposing spindle poles. The budding yeast kinesin-5 Cin8 was shown to switch from fast minus-end- to slow plus-end-directed motility upon binding between antiparallel MTs. This unexpected finding revealed a new dimension of cellular control of transport, the mechanism of which is unknown. Here we have examined the role of the C-terminal tail domain of Cin8 in regulating directionality. We first constructed a stable dimeric Cin8/kinesin-1 chimera (Cin8Kin), consisting of head and neck linker of Cin8 fused to the stalk of kinesin-1. As a single dimeric motor, Cin8Kin switched frequently between plus and minus directionality along single MTs, demonstrating that the Cin8 head domains are inherently bidirectional, but control over directionality was lost. We next examined the activity of a tetrameric Cin8 lacking only the tail domains (Cin8Δtail). In contrast to wild-type Cin8, the motility of single molecules of Cin8Δtail in high ionic strength was slow and bidirectional, with almost no directionality switches. Cin8Δtail showed only a weak ability to cross-link MTs in vitro. In vivo, Cin8Δtail exhibited bias toward the plus-end of the MTs and was unable to support viability of cells as the sole kinesin-5 motor. We conclude that the tail of Cin8 is not necessary for bidirectional processive motion, but is controlling the switch between plus- and minus-end-directed motility. PMID:25991727

  12. HPV DNA testing improves CIN2+ risk stratification and detection of CIN2+ in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL. A population-based follow-up study from Western Norway

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Budal, Elisabeth B; Haugland, Hans K; Skar, Robert [Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-2021, Bergen (Norway); Mæhle, Bjørn O [Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-2021, Bergen (Norway); Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen (Norway); Bjørge, Tone [Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen (Norway); Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen (Norway); Vintermyr, Olav K, E-mail: olav.vintermyr@helse-bergen.no [Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-2021, Bergen (Norway); Section for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen (Norway)

    2014-02-01

    In Norway, Pap smears with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are triaged after 6 months. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of implementing human papillomavirus (HPV) test (2005) in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL in a cohort of women from Western Norway. After a survey of 119,469 cervical Pap smears during 2005–2007, a total of 1055 women with an index ASCUS or LSIL were included in the study and followed up for 3–6 years with respect to progression into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Overall sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ with HPV testing and cytology was 96% and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ was not affected by age, but the specificity of the HPV test increased with age. Thus, for the age groups <34 years, 34–50 years, and >50 years, the specificity of a positive HPV test to detect CIN2+ was 47%, 71%, and 82%, respectively. Positive predictive values for CIN2+ in women with positive cytology, positive HPV test, negative cytology, negative HPV test, or negative HPV and cytology tests were 52%, 41%, 8%, 1.5%, and 0.4%, respectively. HPV testing resulted in a net 22% increased detection of CIN2+. Fifty-six percent of CIN2+ was detected at an earlier time point with HPV testing in triage. Implementation of HPV testing in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL improved the stratification of CIN2+ risk and increased CIN2+ detection and at an earlier time point than with triage by cytology alone.

  13. HPV DNA testing improves CIN2+ risk stratification and detection of CIN2+ in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL. A population-based follow-up study from Western Norway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Budal, Elisabeth B; Haugland, Hans K; Skar, Robert; Maehle, Bjørn O; Bjørge, Tone; Vintermyr, Olav K

    2014-02-01

    In Norway, Pap smears with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are triaged after 6 months. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of implementing human papillomavirus (HPV) test (2005) in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL in a cohort of women from Western Norway. After a survey of 119,469 cervical Pap smears during 2005-2007, a total of 1055 women with an index ASCUS or LSIL were included in the study and followed up for 3-6 years with respect to progression into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Overall sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ with HPV testing and cytology was 96% and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ was not affected by age, but the specificity of the HPV test increased with age. Thus, for the age groups 50 years, the specificity of a positive HPV test to detect CIN2+ was 47%, 71%, and 82%, respectively. Positive predictive values for CIN2+ in women with positive cytology, positive HPV test, negative cytology, negative HPV test, or negative HPV and cytology tests were 52%, 41%, 8%, 1.5%, and 0.4%, respectively. HPV testing resulted in a net 22% increased detection of CIN2+. Fifty-six percent of CIN2+ was detected at an earlier time point with HPV testing in triage. Implementation of HPV testing in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL improved the stratification of CIN2+ risk and increased CIN2+ detection and at an earlier time point than with triage by cytology alone. © 2013 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  14. HPV DNA testing improves CIN2+ risk stratification and detection of CIN2+ in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL. A population-based follow-up study from Western Norway

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Budal, Elisabeth B; Haugland, Hans K; Skar, Robert; Mæhle, Bjørn O; Bjørge, Tone; Vintermyr, Olav K

    2014-01-01

    In Norway, Pap smears with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are triaged after 6 months. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of implementing human papillomavirus (HPV) test (2005) in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL in a cohort of women from Western Norway. After a survey of 119,469 cervical Pap smears during 2005–2007, a total of 1055 women with an index ASCUS or LSIL were included in the study and followed up for 3–6 years with respect to progression into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Overall sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ with HPV testing and cytology was 96% and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ was not affected by age, but the specificity of the HPV test increased with age. Thus, for the age groups <34 years, 34–50 years, and >50 years, the specificity of a positive HPV test to detect CIN2+ was 47%, 71%, and 82%, respectively. Positive predictive values for CIN2+ in women with positive cytology, positive HPV test, negative cytology, negative HPV test, or negative HPV and cytology tests were 52%, 41%, 8%, 1.5%, and 0.4%, respectively. HPV testing resulted in a net 22% increased detection of CIN2+. Fifty-six percent of CIN2+ was detected at an earlier time point with HPV testing in triage. Implementation of HPV testing in delayed triage of ASCUS and LSIL improved the stratification of CIN2+ risk and increased CIN2+ detection and at an earlier time point than with triage by cytology alone

  15. Le cinéma comme articulation des différences culturelles : une approche post-coloniale du cinéma brésilien

    OpenAIRE

    César, Amaranta

    2013-01-01

    Les concepts d’identité et de nation sont des paradigmes analytiques et critiques qui ont forgé d’importants mouvements cinématographiques comme le Cinema Novo. Le cinéma brésilien est par conséquent un cinéma en recherche de son identité artistique et politique. Mais une telle quête est vouée à l’échec si l’on considère la crise du concept de nation et le renouveau de la notion d’identité. C’est pourquoi je suggère de développer un modèle analytique sur la façon dont les films construisent d...

  16. Podoplanin and SOX2 Expression in CIN 3-like Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stewart, Colin J R; Crook, Maxine L

    2018-01-01

    Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix occasionally demonstrates a deceptive growth pattern that mimics endocervical crypt involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3 (CIN 3). Such CIN 3-like SCCs may be misinterpreted as noninvasive or minimally invasive leading to delays in diagnosis. Little is known of the factors that influence the growth patterns of cervical SCC but we suggested recently that CIN 3-like tumors might demonstrate "collective cellular invasion," which is characterized by a retained epithelial phenotype. This contrasts with the more overtly infiltrative growth of conventional SCC, which exhibits features suggestive of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In the current study we investigated podoplanin (PP) and SOX2 expression in normal squamous epithelium, in CIN 3 and in 16 CIN 3-like SCCs 11 of which also showed a conventional invasive component. Compared with normal epithelium, CIN 3 often showed a focal loss of basal PP staining and most cases showed increased, typically diffuse, SOX2 expression. Although the immunohistochemical findings were not uniform, they generally supported collective cellular invasion in CIN 3-like tumor areas as these were often PP positive and showed diffuse SOX2 expression. In contrast, most conventional SCCs showed only focal SOX2 staining and they were typically negative, or only focally positive, for PP. The staining patterns did not reliably distinguish CIN 3 from CIN 3-like SCC. Small infiltrative tumor nests around the margins of CIN 3 or deeply invasive CIN 3-like SCC often showed a localized reduction in SOX2 expression suggesting SOX2 downregulation during the transition to invasive growth.

  17. Complex of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cascio, Sandra; Finn, Olivera J.

    2015-01-01

    We previously reported that CIN85, an 85 KDa protein known to be involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis through its interaction with Cbl, associates with MUC1 in tumor cells. MUC1/CIN85 complex also regulates migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Here, we examined specifically human colon carcinoma tissue microarrays (TMA) by immunohistochemistry for the expression of MUC1 and CIN85 and their potential role in cancer progression and metastasis. We detected a significant increase in expression of both MUC1 and CIN85 associated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. We further investigated if Cbl could also be present in the MUC1/CIN85 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that Cbl co-localized both with CIN85 and with MUC1 in a human colon cancer cell line. To begin to investigate the in vivo relevance of MUC1 overexpression and association with CIN85 and Cbl in cancer development and progression, we used human MUC1 transgenic mice that express MUC1 on the colonic epithelial cells, treated with azoxymethane to initiate and dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) to promote colorectal carcinogenesis. MUC1.Tg mice showed higher tumor incidence and decreased survival when compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with the in vitro data, the association of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl was detected in colon tissues of AOM/DSS-treated MUC1 transgenic mice. MUC1/CIN85/Cbl complex appears to contribute to promotion and progression of colon cancer and thus increased expression of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in early stage colon cancer might be predictive of poor prognosis

  18. Complex of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cascio, Sandra, E-mail: sac131@pitt.edu [Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1040 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States); Fondazione Ri.Med, via Bandiera, Palermo 90133 (Italy); Finn, Olivera J., E-mail: sac131@pitt.edu [Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1040 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (United States)

    2015-02-10

    We previously reported that CIN85, an 85 KDa protein known to be involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis through its interaction with Cbl, associates with MUC1 in tumor cells. MUC1/CIN85 complex also regulates migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Here, we examined specifically human colon carcinoma tissue microarrays (TMA) by immunohistochemistry for the expression of MUC1 and CIN85 and their potential role in cancer progression and metastasis. We detected a significant increase in expression of both MUC1 and CIN85 associated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. We further investigated if Cbl could also be present in the MUC1/CIN85 complex. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that Cbl co-localized both with CIN85 and with MUC1 in a human colon cancer cell line. To begin to investigate the in vivo relevance of MUC1 overexpression and association with CIN85 and Cbl in cancer development and progression, we used human MUC1 transgenic mice that express MUC1 on the colonic epithelial cells, treated with azoxymethane to initiate and dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) to promote colorectal carcinogenesis. MUC1.Tg mice showed higher tumor incidence and decreased survival when compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with the in vitro data, the association of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl was detected in colon tissues of AOM/DSS-treated MUC1 transgenic mice. MUC1/CIN85/Cbl complex appears to contribute to promotion and progression of colon cancer and thus increased expression of MUC1, CIN85 and Cbl in early stage colon cancer might be predictive of poor prognosis.

  19. And the winner of the Golden CinéGlobe is…

    CERN Multimedia

    Laëtitia Pedroso

    2010-01-01

    Three years after the first CinéGlobe festival, the CERN film club has just organised a second international festival of short films and science documentaries, attended by a host of film-makers and film fans alike. Six special prizes were awarded.   One of the Golden CinéGlobe awards The second Golden CinéGlobe award ceremony was held in the Globe on the evening of Saturday, 20 February. Now something of a magnet for local fans of short films and science documentaries, the CinéGlobe festival has become one of the most successful events organised by a CERN club. "Organising the festival has been a gratifying experience as many people have taken part in and enjoyed the event", says Quentin King, vice-chairman of the CERN film club, Open Your Eyes Films. "Time was our worst enemy. It took us a year to bring the project to fruition but we could have done with another year to refine some of the details". The 18 screenings...

  20. La fonction de la salle dans les entreprises de promotion de médiation au cinéma : mise en perspective des enjeux du numérique au regard de l’éducation au cinéma

    OpenAIRE

    Boutin, Perrine

    2015-01-01

    Si la plupart des dispositifs d’éducation au cinéma en France – comme Ecole et cinéma - considèrent encore la salle de cinéma comme un passage obligatoire, les outils numériques actuels permettent de considérer une autre pratique de la découverte du cinéma.Cette nouvelle considération est décriée par beaucoup de militants de l’éducation au cinéma, qui défendent la salle comme le « lieu naturel du cinéma ». L’article traite la question de savoir si les nouveaux outils numériques engendrent des...

  1. Traduire au cinéma (Rétrospective)

    OpenAIRE

    Kunz, Imma

    2016-01-01

    Cette étude, traduite de l’allemand par Maurice Voituriez, a été publiée dans le numéro 139 de Traduire (1989). N’ayant pas la télévision et me rendant rarement au cinéma, j’ai franchi allègrement le « seuil d’incompétence » en traduisant partiellement l’étude d’Imma Kunz sur l’activité cinématogra­phique de P.-F. Caillé. J’ai quand même vu les deux grands films qu’elle analyse du point de vue de la synchronisation. Je souhaite au lecteur de trouver autant de plaisir et d’intérêt à connaître ...

  2. Rock et cinéma : quelques éléments sur une relation durable

    OpenAIRE

    Ribac, François

    2006-01-01

    Générique d’ouverture Le numéro de Volume ! que vous allez lire est consacré aux relations entre le rock et le cinéma. Il est publié au moment où s’ouvre la deuxième édition du Festival Paris-Cinéma. Celui-ci comprend un cycle « rock et cinéma » présenté au cinéma l’Entrepôt, à Paris, du 30 juin au 13 juillet 2004. Si l’on cherche à établir des relations entre les mondes du rock et ceux du cinéma, en voici une première illustration, puisque ce numéro est en effet coproduit par un festival de ...

  3. « ImpersoNations » : cinéma national, imaginaires historiques et nouveau cinéma européen

    OpenAIRE

    Elsaesser, Thomas

    2014-01-01

    La question du capital culturel propre à la diversité linguistique de l’Europe reste entière. Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients de cet éventail de langues dans le cinéma ? Les films, quand ils franchissent les frontières, sont souvent doublés. Or, comme un bon jeu d’acteur représente une symbiose très particulière entre le corps, la gestuelle, la voix et l’intonation, les amateurs de cinéma ne peuvent se passer des films tournés dans leur propre langue. A l’instar du son, qui revê...

  4. CinéGlobe invites you to participate in a poster design competition

    CERN Multimedia

    Neal David Hartman

    2013-01-01

    For its 2014 publicity campaign, CinéGlobe invites CERN people to participate in a poster design competition.  The entries are now on display on the Pas Perdus in the main building, and the CERNois are invited to vote for their favourites.    CinéGlobe is the international festival of short films inspired by science that takes place every two years at CERN, in the Globe of Science and Innovation. From 18 to 23 March 2014, CERN will host the fourth edition of the festival. The mission of the CinéGlobe Film Festival is to challenge the commonly perceived divisions between science and art by demonstrating that they are both essential to interpreting our world. Open to short film creators from around the world, the CinéGlobe festival is truly international, the first three editions having attracted more than 4,000 entries from more than 100 countries around the globe.  In addition to screening...

  5. CinéGlobe | Programme Super-héros : courts-métrages science et cinéma

    CERN Multimedia

    2013-01-01

    Vous avez entre 10 et 18 ans, vous êtes étudiant et vous souhaitez réaliser un court-métrage inspiré par les sciences ? Lancez-vous !   CinéGlobe (le festival international de films au CERN) et le Service de la Culture de la ville de Meyrin lancent un appel à projet qui se déroulera d’octobre à décembre 2013. Ils recherchent des groupes de 3 à 6 étudiants, âgés d’au moins 10 ans, encadrés par un adulte, et intéressés par la création cinématographique et par les sciences. Ces groupes sont invités à réaliser un court-métrage, fiction ou documentaire, inspiré par les sciences et les technologies. Ces deux institutions proposent d’accompagner et de valoriser la création de ces courts-métr...

  6. Overexpression screens identify conserved dosage chromosome instability genes in yeast and human cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duffy, Supipi; Fam, Hok Khim; Wang, Yi Kan; Styles, Erin B.; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Ang, J. Sidney; Singh, Tejomayee; Larionov, Vladimir; Shah, Sohrab P.; Andrews, Brenda; Boerkoel, Cornelius F.; Hieter, Philip

    2016-01-01

    Somatic copy number amplification and gene overexpression are common features of many cancers. To determine the role of gene overexpression on chromosome instability (CIN), we performed genome-wide screens in the budding yeast for yeast genes that cause CIN when overexpressed, a phenotype we refer to as dosage CIN (dCIN), and identified 245 dCIN genes. This catalog of genes reveals human orthologs known to be recurrently overexpressed and/or amplified in tumors. We show that two genes, TDP1, a tyrosyl-DNA-phosphdiesterase, and TAF12, an RNA polymerase II TATA-box binding factor, cause CIN when overexpressed in human cells. Rhabdomyosarcoma lines with elevated human Tdp1 levels also exhibit CIN that can be partially rescued by siRNA-mediated knockdown of TDP1. Overexpression of dCIN genes represents a genetic vulnerability that could be leveraged for selective killing of cancer cells through targeting of an unlinked synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) partner. Using SDL screens in yeast, we identified a set of genes that when deleted specifically kill cells with high levels of Tdp1. One gene was the histone deacetylase RPD3, for which there are known inhibitors. Both HT1080 cells overexpressing hTDP1 and rhabdomyosarcoma cells with elevated levels of hTdp1 were more sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA), recapitulating the SDL interaction in human cells and suggesting VPA and TSA as potential therapeutic agents for tumors with elevated levels of hTdp1. The catalog of dCIN genes presented here provides a candidate list to identify genes that cause CIN when overexpressed in cancer, which can then be leveraged through SDL to selectively target tumors. PMID:27551064

  7. Caracterización cinética y aplicaciones biotecnológicas de peroxidasas

    OpenAIRE

    Parra Carrillo, Magdalena

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos • Estudio de la bibliografía especializada y realización de ensayos preliminares que permitan la proposición de un mecanismo de reacción sometido a análisis cinético, que aporte expresiones útiles para un diseño experimental , aplicable para comprobar la validez del mecanismo de reacción planteado, así como para la caracterización cinética de los sistemas enzimáticos investigados, superando a otros métodos descritos en la bibliografía. • Caracterización cinética y optimiza...

  8. Structure, dynamics and domain organization of the repeat protein Cin1 from the apple scab fungus

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Mesarich, C.H.; Schmitz, M.; Tremouilhac, P.; McGillivray, D.J.; Templeton, M.D.; Dingley, A.J.

    2012-01-01

    Venturia inaequalis is a hemi-biotrophic fungus that causes scab disease of apple. A recently-identified gene from this fungus, cin1 (cellophane-induced 1), is up-regulated over 1000-fold in planta and considerably on cellophane membranes, and encodes a cysteine-rich secreted protein of 523 residues

  9. ImpersoNations: cinéma national, imaginaires historiques et nouveau cinéma européen

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Elsaesser, T.

    2013-01-01

    La question du capital culturel propre à la diversité linguistique de l’Europe reste entière. Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients de cet éventail de langues dans le cinéma? Les films, quand ils franchissent les frontières, sont souvent doublés. Or, comme un bon jeu d’acteur représente une

  10. Buster Still Speechless: A “Silent” Comic at the Cinémathèque française

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noah Teichner

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available This article seeks to identify the underlying historiographical discourses advanced by the Cinémathèque Française’s recent Buster Keaton retrospective and to question the actor-director’s status as a “silent” comic in light of his wide ranging sound era output. 

  11. Les géodispositifs cinématographiques : l’espace mis en action

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thierry Joliveau

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available L’article vise à éclairer la place et le rôle des cartes, SIG, bases de données géographiques et autres géodispositifs qui apparaissent au cinéma. Après une introduction théorique et bibliographique suivie d’une définition, un cadre typologique est proposé pour décrire les géodispositifs que l’on trouve dans les films, à partir de la collection rassemblée dans un blog collectif. Les différents types sont listés et illustrés par des exemples précis de films. Une analyse des géodispositifs proprement cinématographiques précède une conclusion sur le double apport d’une analyse de ce type pour le cinéma et la cartographie.

  12. Risks of CIN 2+, CIN 3+, and Cancer by Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Status: The Foundation of Risk-Based Cervical Screening Guidelines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demarco, Maria; Lorey, Thomas S; Fetterman, Barbara; Cheung, Li C; Guido, Richard S; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Kinney, Walter K; Poitras, Nancy E; Befano, Brian; Castle, Philip E; Schiffman, Mark

    2017-10-01

    The next round of the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP)-sponsored cervical cancer screening and management guidelines will recommend clinical actions based on risk, rather than test-based algorithms. This article gives preliminary risk estimates for the screening setting, showing combinations of the 2 most important predictors, human papillomavirus (HPV) status and cytology result. Among 1,262,713 women aged 25 to 77 years co-tested with HC2 (Qiagen) and cytology at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we estimated 0-5-year cumulative risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+, CIN 3+, and cancer for combinations of cytology (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy [NILM], atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US], low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL], atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL [ASC-H], high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL], atypical glandular cells [AGC]) and HPV status. Ninety percent of screened women had HPV-negative NILM and an extremely low risk of subsequent cancer. Five-year risks of CIN 3+ were lower after HPV negativity (0.12%) than after NILM (0.25%). Among HPV-negative women, 5-year risks for CIN 3+ were 0.10% for NILM, 0.44% for ASC-US, 1.8% for LSIL, 3.0% for ASC-H, 1.2% for AGC, and 29% for HSIL+ cytology (which was very rare). Among HPV-positive women, 5-year risks were 4.0% for NILM, 6.8% for ASC-US, 6.1% for LSIL, 28% for ASC-H, 30% for AGC, and 50% for HSIL+ cytology. As a foundation for the next guidelines revision, we confirmed with additional precision the risk estimates previously reported for combinations of HPV and cytology. Future analyses will estimate risks for women being followed in colposcopy clinic and posttreatment and will consider the role of risk modifiers such as age, HPV vaccine status, HPV type, and screening and treatment history.

  13. Femmes cinéastes en France : l'après-mai 68

    OpenAIRE

    ROLLET, Brigitte

    2006-01-01

    Agnès Varda, Coline Serreau, Nelly Kaplan, trois noms parmi des dizaines qui illustrent chacun à leur manière une nouvelle façon de faire du cinéma : même si la carrière de la première est antérieure à mai 68, son nom comme celui des autres est lié à ce qu’on appellera dans les années 1970 le « cinéma des femmes ». Cet article propose une interrogation sur ce cinéma au féminin, afin d’envisager à la fois le contexte particulier dans lequel il émerge, les problématiques qu’il soulève, et ce en...

  14. Les Offices du cinéma éducateur et l’émergence du parlant : l’exemple de l’Office de Nancy

    OpenAIRE

    Laborderie, Pascal

    2014-01-01

    Quelle fut la politique des Offices du cinéma scolaire et éducateur durant la période de généralisation du cinéma parlant ? Une première présentation du dispositif de l’Union française des offices du cinéma éducateur laïque permet de décrire les usages du cinéma par les instituteurs, soit dans leurs enseigne­ments (le cinéma scolaire), soit dans l’éducation des adolescents et des adultes (le cinéma éducateur). Puis une étude de l’Office régional d’enseignement cinématographique de Nancy, à pa...

  15. Small serine recombination systems ParA-MRS and CinH-RS2 perform precise excision of plastid DNA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Selectable marker genes (SMGs) are necessary for selection of transgenic plants. However, once stable transformants have been identified, the marker gene is no longer needed. In this study, we demonstrate the use of the small serine recombination systems, ParA-MRS and CinH-RS2, to precisely excise ...

  16. The CIN4 chromosomal instability qPCR classifier defines tumor aneuploidy and stratifies outcome in grade 2 breast cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Szász, Attila Marcell; Li, Qiyuan; Eklund, Aron Charles

    2013-01-01

    investigated whether the categorical CIN4 score derived from the CIN4 signature was correlated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and ploidy status in this cohort. Results: We observed a significant association of tumor proliferation, defined by Ki67 and mitotic index (MI), with both CIN4 expression...

  17. Prognostic value of HPV E6/E7 mRNA assay in women with negative colposcopy or CIN1 histology result: a follow-up study.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paolo Giorgi Rossi

    Full Text Available Pap test, and especially HPV DNA test, identify a large group of women who do not have any clinically relevant lesions, i.e., CIN2+ (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 2 or worse, but who are at greater risk of getting lesions in the future. The follow up of these women needs new biomarkers with prognostic value. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of E6/E7 mRNA over-expression assay (PreTect HPV-Proofer, Norchip for 5 HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 for progression to CIN2+ after a negative colposcopy. This prospective study, conducted at four Italian centres, enrolled 673 women with either a negative colposcopy or a negative or CIN1 histology. The clinical end-point was histological confirmation of CIN2+. Women were classified at baseline according to mRNA results and managed according to local colposcopy protocols. At least one conclusive follow-up test was obtained for 347 women (25 months average lapse since recruitment, range 5-74. Only seven CIN2+ were detected during follow up, three among the 82 women positive for mRNA at baseline, two among the 250 negative (Fisher exact test, p = 0.02, and two among the 12 with an invalid test. Absolute CIN2+ risk was 6.7/1,000 person/years in the whole cohort. The absolute CIN2+ risk was 18.4/1,000 person/years and 3.6/1,000 person/years in mRNA-positive and mRNA-negative women, respectively. In conclusion, E6/E7 mRNA over-expression appears to be a good candidate as a prognostic biomarker to manage HR-HPV DNA-positive women with negative colposcopy or histology, particularly in order to decrease follow-up intensity in those who are negative.

  18. Voix-off et commentaire dans le cinéma documentaire et ethnographique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Paggi

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Une analyse de la voix-off dans le cinéma documentaire – dont la fonction est avant tout le commentaire – où la relation texte/image est considérée comme fondamentale dans la genèse de la signification. Avec l’avènement du sonore, le commentaire occupe dans le cinéma documentaire « classique » une place prédominante, jusqu’à la fin des années Cinquante lorsque commence à s’affirmer la nouvelle stratégie de mise en scène du cinéma direct. Foncièrement critique envers le commentaire qu’il considérait comme trop chargé d’autorité, le cinéma direct instaure alors une autre relation avec le réel, restituant la parole aux protagonistes des actions représentées. L’analyse de la voix-off et du commentaire s’appuie sur des exemples cinématographiques – dont Flaherty, Buñuel, Ivens, Resnais, Marker, Rouch. De ce dernier, on analyse ensuite le commentaire mytho-poétique du film ethnographique Le Dama d’Ambara, considéré comme un exemple de la délicate quête d’équilibre entre l’expression artistique de la cinématographie et la communication scientifique de l’anthropologie.Un’analisi della voce-off nel cinema documentario, dove assicura innanzitutto una funzione di commento, prendendo come fondamentale nella produzione di significato la relazione testo/immagine. Con l’avvento del cinema sonoro, il commento assume nel documentario « classico » un’importanza predominante, fino alla fine degli anni cinquanta, quando comincia ad affermarsi la nuova strategia di realizzazione del cinema diretto. Fondamentalmente critico verso il commento che considera troppo carico d’autorità, ma anche della musica di sottofondo, il cinema diretto instaura una diversa relazione con il reale, restituendo la parola ai protagonisti dell’azione rappresentata. L’analisi della voce-off e del commento si appoggia su alcuni esempi cinematografici – tra cui Flaherty, Buñuel, Ivens, Resnais, Marker, Rouch. Di

  19. Modelización cinética de la interacción agua-roca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gimeno, M. J.

    1994-12-01

    Full Text Available A review of basic concepts in kinetics of low temperature natural systems is given: elementary and overall reactions, steady state and reaction mechanism, sequential reactions, parallel reactions and rate-determining step, temperature dependence of rate constant and principle of detailed balancing. The current status of kinetics modeling of water/rock interaction is treated. The comparison of the mean life of the processes with the residence time of the water in the system is very useful to decide the application or not of the kinetics treatment to the water/rock interaction processes. The right application of the kinetics treatment to the water/rock interaction needs the knowledge of the magnitude of the surface through which the water/rock reaction take place and its variation with time. Two ways to treat kinetically the water/rock interaction are the Mass Transfer method and the quasi-stationary state method.En este artículo se hace una descripción de los conceptos básicos utilizados en el tratamiento cinético de sistemas naturales de baja temperatura: reacciones elementales y completas, estado estacionario y mecanismo de reacción, reacciones secuenciales y paralelas, dependencia de la temperatura en la tasa de reacción y relaciones entre termodinámica y cinética. Asimismo se expone el estado del arte actual de la modelización cinética de la interacción agua/roca. Para decidir la aplicación o no del tratamiento cinético en la interacción agua/roca, es importante el estudio de la relación entre las vidas medias de los procesos y el tiempo de residencia del agua en el sistema. El éxito de la aplicación del tratamiento cinético a la interacción agua/roca pasa por el conocimiento de la superficie a través de la cual se verifican las reacciones agua/roca y su variación con el tiempo. Dos formas de aplicar el tratamiento cinético a los procesos de interacción agua/roca son el método de la transferencia de masa y el del

  20. Limiares: Histoire( s) du cinéma de Jean-Luc Godard

    OpenAIRE

    Gervaiseau, Henri

    2006-01-01

    Neste artigo apresentamos a série videográfica Histoire(s) du cinéma, de Jean Luc Godard, apontamos as suas principais características, e efetuamos um primeiro exame da ordenação dos seus dois primeiros episódios. Discutimos de que modo Godard estabelece, nesta obra, uma trama poética de relações entre a história do século XX; a história do cinema e a sua própria estória enquanto sujeito enunciador. This article provides an introduction to the video series Histoire( s) du cinéma de Jean Lu...

  1. Du cinéma à l’intermedia : autour de Fluxus

    OpenAIRE

    Bovier, François

    2016-01-01

    La notion d’art intermédiatique, théorisée par Dick Higgins, désigne un vaste ensemble d’expérimentations artistiques qui transgressent la pensée moderniste de la spécificité du support d’expression. Bovier soutient que c’est dans ce contexte que le cinéma élargi doit être envisagé, celui-ci ne s’assujettissant aucunement à un simple paradigme cinématographique. Les incursions des artistes du mouvement à géométrie variable Fluxus dans les domaines de l’installation, du film, de la vidéo et de...

  2. CinéGlobe presents: "One Day on Earth"

    CERN Multimedia

    2012-01-01

    The CinéGlobe International Film Festival is proud to announce that it will be hosting the Swiss edition of the Global Screening of “One Day on Earth”, the first film to be shot and then screened in every country in the world.   Founded in 2008, “One Day on Earth's” first media creation event occurred on 10.10.10. The collaboration was the first ever simultaneous filming event occuring in every country of the world. It created a unique geo-tagged video archive as well as a unique feature film. “One Day on Earth” showcases the amazing diversity, conflict, tragedy, and triumph that occurs in one day on our planet.  This Earth Day, April 22nd, CinéGlobe and CERN invite the public to a free global screening event of the first One Day on Earth Motion Picture. This unique film, created from over 3000 hours of footage, was shot by the One Day on Earth community in every country of the world on October...

  3. Photocrosslinker technology: An antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde cross-linked low-density polyethylene (Cin-C-LDPE) as a novel food wrapper.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manukumar, H M; Umesha, S

    2017-12-01

    In recent years much attention has been devoted to active packaging technologies that offer new opportunities for the food industry and food preservation. The spoilage of food products during post process handling leads to food contamination and causes life-threatening food-borne illness. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 090 is one of the food-borne pathogens associated with food poisoning that leads to an outbreak of perilous human infections worldwide. The development of resistance in bacteria and diffusion of coated synthetic preservatives into food are the major problem in food packaging industries. In the present work, we have developed a new food wrap method by cross-linking cinnamaldehyde on low-density polyethylene (Cin-C-LDPE) using novel photocrosslinker technology. The cinnamaldehyde showed potent antimicrobial activity (145mg/mL of MIC) against MRSA 090 and radical scavenging activity (RSA). The cinnamaldehyde was successfully cross-linked to LDPE and exhibited excellent antibiofilm properties against MRSA090 compared to bare LDPE. This positive interaction of developed Cin-C-LDPE against MRSA090 biofilm was confirmed by SEM and FT-IR studies, and results showed the damaged cell membrane architecture, inturn abridged adherence of MRSA090. The Cin-C-LDPE wrapped chicken, mutton, cheese, and grapes showed 2.5±0.15 log MRSA 090 reduction at the end of 10th day compared to the bare LDPE wrapped food samples. This clearly concludes that for the first time we have developed a novel Cin-C-LDPE food wrap technology effectively involved in biocidal activity against MRSA090. Applying this new strategy to develop food wrap containing nontoxic natural antimicrobial to target cell membrane components is the upcoming challenging and promising research gap remains in the food packaging industry for the future world. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Clinical Outcomes after Conservative Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2) in Women Ages 21-39 Years.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silver, Michelle I; Gage, Julia C; Schiffman, Mark; Fetterman, Barbara; Poitras, Nancy E; Lorey, Thomas; Cheung, Li C; Katki, Hormuzd A; Locke, Alexander; Kinney, Walter K; Castle, Philip E

    2018-03-01

    Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) frequently regresses, is typically slow-growing, and rarely progresses to cancer. Some women forgo immediate treatment, opting for conservative management (heightened surveillance with cytology and colposcopy), to minimize overtreatment and increased risk of obstetric complications; however, there are limited data examining clinical outcomes in these women. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of younger women diagnosed with initially untreated CIN1/2, CIN2 and CIN2/3 lesions at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2003 and 2015. Clinical outcomes were categorized into five mutually exclusive hierarchical groups: cancer, treated, returned to routine screening, persistent high-grade lesion, or persistent low-grade lesion. Median follow-up for the 2,417 women was 48 months. Six women were diagnosed with cancer (0.2%), all with history of high-grade cytology, and none after a negative cotest. Thirty percent of women were treated, and only 20% returned to routine screening; 50% remained in continued intensive follow-up, of which 86% had either low-grade cytology/histology or high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity, but not necessarily persistence of a single HPV type. No cancers were detected after a single negative cotest in follow-up. Almost half of initially untreated women did not undergo treatment, but remained by protocol in colposcopy clinic for 2 or more years in the absence of persisting CIN2 + Their incomplete return to total negativity was possibly due to sequential new and unrelated low-grade abnormalities. The prolonged colposcopic surveillance currently required to return to routine screening in the absence of persisting CIN2 + might not be necessary after a negative cotest. Significance: Many younger women under conservative management following an initial CIN2 result remain in a clinical protocol of prolonged intensified surveillance without a subsequent diagnosis of CIN2 or more

  5. Intracellular human papillomavirus E6, E7 mRNA quantification predicts CIN 2+ in cervical biopsies better than Papanicolaou screening for women regardless of age.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pierry, Deirdre; Weiss, Gerald; Lack, Benjamin; Chen, Victor; Fusco, Judy

    2012-08-01

    Cervical cancer screening in women younger than 30 years relies on cervical cytology because of the poor performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in this age group. To determine the performance of in-cell HPV E6, E7 mRNA quantification (HPV OncoTect) for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women younger than 30 years. We analyzed 3133 cytology specimens from a screening population of women aged 19-75 years investigate HPV OncoTect as a triage/secondary screening test for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in women younger than 30 years. Test results were compared to histology in 246 cases. The sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA was 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ lesions in women 30 years and older. In women younger than 30 years, the sensitivity of E6, E7 mRNA for CIN 2+ lesions was 88% for CIN 2+ and 92% for CIN 3+ lesions. Abnormal cytology (≥ASCUS) exhibited a sensitivity of 89% for CIN 2+ and 100% for CIN 3+ in women 30 years and older and 96% sensitivity for CIN 2+ and 93% sensitivity for CIN 3+ in women younger than 30. The specificity of E6, E7 mRNA was >80% for CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ in both groups of women compared to a specificity of abnormal cytology of ASCUS/LSIL triage in women including those younger than 30 years.

  6. Cinética Química: el laboratorio

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabañas Galán, B.

    La interpretación de las transformaciones químicas que se producen en la atmósfera requiere un profundo conocimiento de la cinética, productos y mecanismos de reacción de las posibles interacciones que pueden ocurrir entre las distintas especies presentes en ella. Información cuantitativa de este tipo es un prerrequisito para la construcción de modelos numéricos adecuados que expliquen el comportamiento químico-físico de la atmósfera. Esta información se obtiene a partir de experimentos realizados en laboratorios y por tanto independiente de medidas atmosféricas, por lo que los modelos atmosféricos derivados de ellos, pueden usarse para diagnosticar y predecir adecuadamente el comportamiento atmosférico. En esta exposición se recogen las técnicas experimentales más extendidas para la obtención de datos cinéticos así como los métodos de análisis de datos más utilizados en el estudio de las distintas reacciones de interés atmosférico. Se analizan sus características generales así como su adecuación a los distintos tipos de reacciones.

  7. Voix over et peur au cinéma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Barnier

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Les voix over de narration peuvent servir à effrayer les spectateurs de cinéma. Depuis les bonimenteurs-conférenciers des salles d’avant 1914, jusqu’aux films d’horreur des années 1970, en passant par les films des années 1930 et 1940, les voix placées sur des images peuvent créer une atmosphère lugubre. Le contraste entre une voix susurrée et des images pleines de suspens, est générateur d’angoisse. Des exemples tirés de films de Lang, Hitchcock, Tourneur, ou de cinéastes bien moins connus, permettent de vérifier que les voix over s’intègrent dans une longue tradition mais qu’elles évoluent constamment.Voice over can be use to frighten movie audiences. From the film lecturer before 1914 to the 1970s Horror movies, voices accompanying images can create a gloomy atmosphere. Contrast between suspenseful images and a whispering voice can generate fear. With examples taken from Lang, Hitchcock, Tourneur, and unknown directors, we will show that voice over creates fear since a long tradition. But each time it evolves in a different way.

  8. La cinéphilie chrétienne : Amédée Ayfre (1922-1964, sulpicien et critique de cinéma The Christian cinema enthusiasm: Amédée Ayfre (1922-1964, priest of the Society of saint Sulpice and film critic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Philippe Rocher

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Prêtre français de saint Sulpice et chrétien cinéphile, Amédée Ayfre a défendu l’esthétique et le réalisme cinématographiques contre le cinéma religieux du « Cinéma catholique ». Le « réalisme cinématographique » est un instrument de révélation chrétienne du Prochain. Brusquement décédé, Amédée Ayfre n’a pas eu la possibilité de dépasser ses premiers « Jalons pour une théologie de l’image ».In the middle Twentieth century, Amédée Ayfre, French priest of the Society of saint Sulpice and Christian cinema enthusiast, defended esthetic and realism cinema against the religious cinema of « Catholic cinema ». For him, realist Cinema is the Christian revelation instrument of fellow man. Brusquely to die, he can’t proposed any more his first “Jalons pour une théologie de l’image”.

  9. De Louis Delluc à Caligari... L'introduction du cinéma allemand en France

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marc Lavastrou

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Dès 1919, le boycott du cinéma allemand interdit toute confrontation avec les réalisations de l'ennemi héréditaire. Cette négation inquiète Louis Delluc qui réagit en publiant deux articles sur la situation du cinéma allemand. Ces chroniques proposent un premier état des lieux mais, sans film distribué, ces analyses restent lettre morte et ne font que souligner ce manque. Il faut attendre 1921 et la création de la revue Cinéa pour que Delluc organise la première projection du Cabinet du docteur Caligari. Cet événement prend vite une ampleur nationale. Le succès mondial de ce film démontre la possibilité d'un équilibre entre industrie mondialisée et spécificité nationale. Dès lors, le cinéma allemand peut servir de modèle pour la recherche d'une telle unité au sein du cinéma français dont la crise structurelle démontre son incapacité à s'adapter aux nouvelles exigences du marché global. Louis Delluc parvient donc à imposer les productions allemandes en France, mais il ne réussit cependant pas à effectuer la transition entre artisanat anarchique et industrie cinématographique rationalisée. Ainsi, une autre unité voit-elle le jour, dépassant les cadres nationaux pour s'inscrire sur le vaste espace européen ouvrant ainsi la voie à des échanges culturels et techniques franco-allemands.Seit 1919 verhindert das Verbot des deutschen Kinos in Frankreich jegliche Konfrontation mit den Produktionen des Erzfeindes. Diese Ablehnung des deutschen Films beschäftigt und beunruhigt Louis Delluc, der daraufhin zwei Artikel über die Situation des deutschen Films veröffentlicht. Seine Artikel zeigen einen ersten Stand der Dinge auf, der aber in Anbetracht fehlender deutscher Filmvorführungen keine weitere Beachtung findet. Erst im Jahr 1921 wird mit der Revue Cinéa, deren Gründer Delluc ist, eine erste Aufführung des Kabinett des Dr. Caligari organisiert. Dieses Ereignis nimmt schnell nationale Dimensionen an. Der

  10. Drug-related problems identified in medication reviews by Australian pharmacists

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stafford, Andrew C; Tenni, Peter C; Peterson, Gregory M

    2009-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: In Australia, accredited pharmacists perform medication reviews for patients to identify and resolve drug-related problems. We analysed the drug-related problems identified in reviews for both home-dwelling and residential care-facility patients. The objective of this study was to exam......OBJECTIVE: In Australia, accredited pharmacists perform medication reviews for patients to identify and resolve drug-related problems. We analysed the drug-related problems identified in reviews for both home-dwelling and residential care-facility patients. The objective of this study....... These reviews had been self-selected by pharmacists and submitted as part of the reaccreditation process to the primary body responsible for accrediting Australian pharmacists to perform medication reviews. The drug-related problems identified in each review were classified by type and drugs involved. MAIN...... OUTCOME MEASURE: The number and nature of drug-related problems identified in pharmacist-conducted medication reviews. RESULTS: There were 1,038 drug-related problems identified in 234 medication reviews (mean 4.6 (+/-2.2) problems per review). The number of problems was higher (4.9 +/- 2.0 vs. 3.9 +/- 2...

  11. Cinética del secado de tomillo

    OpenAIRE

    Rocha,Ronicely P. da; Melo,Evandro de C.; Corbín,José B.; Berbert,Pedro A.; Donzeles,Sérgio M. L.; Tabar,Jon A.

    2012-01-01

    Los objetivos del trabajo fueran estudiar la cinética del secado de tomillo con posterior ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales y determinar los valores de la difusividad efectiva y energía de activación. Para el desarrollo del experimento de secado fueran utilizadas las temperaturas 30, 40, 50, 60 y 70 oC. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones. Para el ajuste de los modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales...

  12. Le cinéma identitaire franco-ontarien : un cas de figure de la fatigue culturelle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Serge Miville

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Les études sur le cinéma franco-ontarien sont peu nombreuses ; outre les articles parus dans la revue Liaison et au tour d’horizon de la cinématographie francophone hors Québec que propose Jean-Claude Jaubert dans le collectif Toutes les photos finissent-elles par se ressembler ? (1999, les chercheurs se sont peu intéressés à ce chantier. En effet, un seul texte savant est paru sous la plume de Lucie Hotte, qui propose une lecture comparée du recueil Le Dernier des Franco-Ontariens de Pierre Albert et du film éponyme de Jean Marc Larivière et Marie Cadieux. Pourtant, le cinéma professionnel existe en Ontario français depuis plus de quarante ans. Les productions cinématographiques sont variées et relativement nombreuses. Afin de pallier l’absence d’analyse savante, ce texte analyse quatre œuvres documentaires du septième art traitant de la problématique identitaire franco-ontarienne, soit une par décennie depuis les années soixante-dix. Les films retenus sont J’ai besoin d’un nom de Paul Lapointe (1978, Deux voix, comme en écho de Claudette Jaiko (1987, Le Dernier des Franco-Ontariens de Jean Marc Larivière (1996 et Pis nous autres dans tout ça ? d’Andréanne Germain (2007.

  13. Du « national » appliqué au cinéma

    OpenAIRE

    Tortajada, Maria

    2011-01-01

    La parution de l’Histoire du cinéma suisse, 1966-2000, dont l’auteur est co-éditrice avec Hervé Dumont, est l’occasion de reposer la question du « cinéma national » pour la confronter à celle « d’identité ». L’ambition encyclopédique de l’ouvrage qui recense tous les longs-métrages sortis en salle pour la période donnée, impose des limites au « national », en opérant certains choix de corpus. À partir de quels critères ? D’autre part ce corpus se révèle particulièrement hétérogène dès qu’il s...

  14. Le guide de montagne dans les fictions cinématographiques : quelques figures fondatrices et paradigmatiques (1915—1945

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rémy Pithon

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available L’article se concentre sur la figure du guide de haute montagne, acteur majeur de l’alpinisme et héros populaire. Depuis la naissance du « Bergfilm » après la première mondiale, du cinéma muet au cinéma parlant, les stéréotypes narratifs et les éléments thématiques en font une figure emblématique du genre cinématographique. Ses qualités morales s’ajoutent à ses prouesses techniques, et ses vertus s’opposent aux vices supposés des gens d’en bas ou de l’étranger.

  15. Cadeia cinética aberta versus cadeia cinética fechada na reabilitação avançada do manguito rotador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rudiel Luciano Boeck

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Síndrome do impacto do ombro é uma alteração osteomuscular prevalente que leva a uma redução significativa da saúde e à incapacidade funcional. Esta lesão é causada pelo uso repetitivo dos braços acima da linha do ombro ou condição patológica em que ocorre irritação do tendão supraespinhoso secundária a uma abrasão em sua superfície pelo terço anterior do acrômio. Fisioterapia é, muitas vezes, a primeira opção de tratamento, embora sua eficácia ainda esteja em debate. Clinicamente, a reabilitação em cadeia cinética tem sido eficaz na restauração da função do ombro com bons resultados terapêuticos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo de reabilitação do ombro em cadeia cinética fechada para síndrome de impacto do manguito rotador. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado de equivalência com 20 pacientes que apresentam lesão grau I e II de manguito rotador na classificação de Neer. Pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo I, com protocolo de exercícios em Cadeia Cinética Fechada (CCF, e grupo II, com exercícios em Cadeia Cinética Aberta (CCA. Os pacientes foram submetidos a 20 sessões, três vezes por semana, e foram avaliados quanto à dor, mobilidade ativa, passiva, força muscular, atividade elétrica muscular e funcionalidade. Essa avaliação ocorreu em três momentos: inicialmente, com 10 sessões e ao fim do tratamento. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizadas medidas paramétricas, como o teste t-Student (comparação entre os grupos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas (comparação dentro de cada grupo, e medidas não paramétricas (Kruskal Wallis e teste de Friedman. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados significativos quanto aos escores obtidos na escala UCLA e Constant. A mobilidade ativa do ombro lesado aumentou no grupo CCF nos movimentos de flexão (p = 0,01, rotação externa (p = 0,000 e rotação interna (p = 0,000. O movimento

  16. Jean-Philippe Costes, Les subversifs hollywoodiens. L’esprit critique du cinéma grand public

    OpenAIRE

    Dubois, François-Ronan

    2015-01-01

    À l’idée largement répandue que le cinéma grand public produit dans les studios d’Hollywood représente une machine de propagande étasunienne ou, à tout le moins, capitaliste, Jean-Philippe Costes entend opposer une lecture à contre-courant d’un corpus cinématographique fait de grands classiques et de grands oubliés. Hollywood, à ses yeux, ne saurait se réduire au véhicule médiatique d’une idéologie uniforme et oppressive qui serait, au gré des analyses, celle du capital, du patriotisme améric...

  17. Prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) using HPV DNA testing after a diagnosis of atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in Catalonia, Spain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ibáñez, Raquel; Moreno-Crespi, Judit; Sardà, Montserrat; Autonell, Josefina; Fibla, Montserrat; Gutiérrez, Cristina; Lloveras, Belen; Alejo, María; Català, Isabel; Alameda, Francesc; Casas, Miquel; Bosch, F Xavier; de Sanjosé, Silvia

    2012-01-26

    A protocol for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women 25 to 65 years of age was introduced in 2006 in Catalonia, Spain to increase coverage and to recommend a 3-year-interval between screening cytology. In addition, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) was offered as a triage test for women with a diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). HPV testing was recommended within 3 months of ASC-US diagnosis. According to protocol, HPV negative women were referred to regular screening including a cytological exam every 3 years while HPV positive women were referred to colposcopy and closer follow-up. We evaluated the implementation of the protocol and the prediction of HPV testing as a triage tool for cervical intraepithelial lesions grade two or worse (CIN2+) in women with a cytological diagnosis of ASC-US. During 2007-08 a total of 611 women from five reference laboratories in Catalonia with a novel diagnosis of ASC-US were referred for high risk HPV (hrHPV) triage using high risk Hybrid Capture version 2. Using routine record linkage data, women were followed for 3 years to evaluate hrHPV testing efficacy for predicting CIN2+ cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for CIN2 +. Among the 611 women diagnosed with ASC-US, 493 (80.7%) had at least one follow-up visit during the study period. hrHPV was detected in 48.3% of the women at study entry (mean age 35.2 years). hrHPV positivity decreased with increasing age from 72.6% among women younger than 25 years to 31.6% in women older than 54 years (p < 0.01). At the end of the 3 years follow-up period, 37 women with a diagnosis of CIN2+ (18 CIN2, 16 CIN3, 2 cancers, and 1 with high squamous intraepithelial lesions--HSIL) were identified and all but one had a hrHPV positive test at study entry. Sensitivity to detect CIN2+ of hrHPV was 97.2% (95%confidence interval (CI) = 85.5-99.9) and specificity was 68.3% (95%CI = 63.1-73.2). The odds ratio for CIN2

  18. Velocidade e energia cinética da chuva de um emissor usado em pivô central

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, Denise de Jesus Lemos

    2014-01-01

    A erosão decorrente do escoamento superficial causa grande impacto no potencial produtivo das áreas cultivadas. Portanto, o estudo da velocidade e da energia cinética com que as gotas de água atingem a superfície do solo irrigado é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de diagnósticos e medidas que visem minimizar os efeitos negativos no manejo das áreas irrigadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a velocidade de impacto e a energia cinética de chuvas artificiais ...

  19. Loss of function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related CIN8 and KIP1 is suppressed by KAR3 motor domain mutations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoyt, M A; He, L; Totis, L; Saunders, W S

    1993-09-01

    The kinesin-related products of the CIN8 and KIP1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae redundantly perform an essential function in mitosis. The action of either gene-product is required for an outwardly directed force that acts upon the spindle poles. We have selected mutations that suppress the temperature-sensitivity of a cin8-temperature-sensitive kip1-delta strain. The extragenic suppressors analyzed were all found to be alleles of the KAR3 gene. KAR3 encodes a distinct kinesin-related protein whose action antagonizes Cin8p/Kip1p function. All seven alleles analyzed were altered within the region of KAR3 that encodes the putative force-generating (or "motor") domain. These mutations also suppressed the inviability associated with the cin8-delta kip1-delta genotype, a property not shared by a deletion of KAR3. Other properties of the suppressing alleles revealed that they were not null for function. Six of the seven were unaffected for the essential karyogamy and meiosis properties of KAR3 and the seventh was dominant for the suppressing trait. Our findings suggest that despite an antagonistic relationship between Cin8p/Kip1p and Kar3p, aspects of their mitotic roles may be similar.

  20. Monothéismes et cinéma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dominique Avon

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Monothéismes et cinéma sont deux termes qui ne sont pas couramment unis dans le champ des sciences humaines. Les uns mettent l’accent sur les conflits relatifs à ce qui est permis ou interdit dans les traditions religieuses, les autres soulignent le succès de films promus par des autorités religieuses. La problématique de ce numéro spécial est différente. Le fait est que le cinéma s’est développé principalement hors de l’influence des institutions religieuses. C’est donc à travers des critiques, des groupes de pressions, des sociétés, des magazines et des festivals, plus que par l’intermédiaire de réalisateurs ou d’acteurs, que chrétiens, juifs et –postérieurement- musulmans ont pris part à cette aventure moderne.“Monotheisms” and “cinema” are two words not commonly connected by a link in the field of the human sciences. On one side some people put the stress on conflicts about what is permitted and what is forbidden by religious traditions, on the other side other people underline success of films supported by religious authorities. The issue of this special topic is different. The fact is that cinema grew up mainly out of the influence of religious institutions. So, that is through lobbies, companies, magazines and special festivals more than through film directors or actors that Christians, Jews and –in a later time- Muslims as such have taken part to this modern adventure.

  1. Contribution méthodologique à l'analyse cinématique et dynamique tridimensionnelle du mouvement

    OpenAIRE

    DUMAS, R

    2010-01-01

    L'ensemble des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire d'HDR porte sur l'analyse tridimensionnelle du mouvement et plus particulièrement sur les aspects méthodologiques des calculs de cinématique et de dynamique.Plusieurs pistes d'amélioration qui ont été explorées pour lever des verrous scientifiques en analyse cinématique sont présentées : généralisation des « systèmes de coordonnées segmentaires », adaptation des « systèmes de coordonnées articulaires », compensation des « artefacts des tissus m...

  2. Duplication and independent selection of cell-wall invertase genes GIF1 and OsCIN1 during rice evolution and domestication

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ge Song

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Various evolutionary models have been proposed to interpret the fate of paralogous duplicates, which provides substrates on which evolution selection could act. In particular, domestication, as a special selection, has played important role in crop cultivation with divergence of many genes controlling important agronomic traits. Recent studies have indicated that a pair of duplicate genes was often sub-functionalized from their ancestral functions held by the parental genes. We previously demonstrated that the rice cell-wall invertase (CWI gene GIF1 that plays an important role in the grain-filling process was most likely subjected to domestication selection in the promoter region. Here, we report that GIF1 and another CWI gene OsCIN1 constitute a pair of duplicate genes with differentiated expression and function through independent selection. Results Through synteny analysis, we show that GIF1 and another cell-wall invertase gene OsCIN1 were paralogues derived from a segmental duplication originated during genome duplication of grasses. Results based on analyses of population genetics and gene phylogenetic tree of 25 cultivars and 25 wild rice sequences demonstrated that OsCIN1 was also artificially selected during rice domestication with a fixed mutation in the coding region, in contrast to GIF1 that was selected in the promoter region. GIF1 and OsCIN1 have evolved into different expression patterns and probable different kinetics parameters of enzymatic activity with the latter displaying less enzymatic activity. Overexpression of GIF1 and OsCIN1 also resulted in different phenotypes, suggesting that OsCIN1 might regulate other unrecognized biological process. Conclusion How gene duplication and divergence contribute to genetic novelty and morphological adaptation has been an interesting issue to geneticists and biologists. Our discovery that the duplicated pair of GIF1 and OsCIN1 has experienced sub

  3. Patient- and Family-Identified Problems of Traumatic Brain Injury: Value and Utility of a Target Outcome Approach to Identifying the Worst Problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laraine Winter

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: This study aimed to identify the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI that are most troubling to veterans with TBI and their families and identify veteran-family differences in content and ranking. Instead of standardized measures of symptom frequency or severity, which may be insensitive to change or intervention effects, we used a target outcome measure for veterans with TBI and their key family members, which elicited open-ended reports concerning the three most serious TBI-related problems. This was followed by Likert-scaled ratings of difficulty in managing the problem. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, interviews were conducted in veterans’ homes. Participants included 83 veterans with TBI diagnosed at a Veterans Affairs medical rehabilitation service and a key family member of each veteran. We utilized open-ended questions to determine the problems caused by TBI within the last month. Sociodemographic characteristics of veterans and family members, and veterans’ military and medical characteristics were collected. A coding scheme was developed to categorize open-ended responses. Results: Families identified nearly twice as many categories of problems as did veterans, and veterans and families ranked problem categories very differently. Veterans ranked cognitive and physical problems worst; families ranked emotional and interpersonal problems worst. Conclusions: Easily administered open-ended questions about the most troubling TBI-related problems yield novel insights and reveal important veteran-family discrepancies.

  4. The CinéGlobe film festival opens at CERN and the Forum Meyrin theatre

    CERN Multimedia

    CERN Bulletin

    2010-01-01

    The second edition of CinéGlobe, the international festival of short films and science documentaries, will be held from 16 to 20 February 2010. It is being organised by the club Open Your Eyes Films, CERN and the culture office of the city of Meyrin. For five days, 80 films from amongst the 700 submissions will be shown at the Globe of Science and Innovation and in the Forum Meyrin theatre. On Saturday, 20 February 2010, a jury composed of film professionals and public figures will award a Golden CinéGlobe for the best film in each category, along with an audience award, at a ceremony in the Globe of Science and Innovation. The festival programme is available for download. See you at the movies!

  5. Prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+ using HPV DNA testing after a diagnosis of atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US in Catalonia, Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ibáñez Raquel

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background A protocol for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women 25 to 65 years of age was introduced in 2006 in Catalonia, Spain to increase coverage and to recommend a 3-year-interval between screening cytology. In addition, Human Papillomavirus (HPV was offered as a triage test for women with a diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US. HPV testing was recommended within 3 months of ASC-US diagnosis. According to protocol, HPV negative women were referred to regular screening including a cytological exam every 3 years while HPV positive women were referred to colposcopy and closer follow-up. We evaluated the implementation of the protocol and the prediction of HPV testing as a triage tool for cervical intraepithelial lesions grade two or worse (CIN2+ in women with a cytological diagnosis of ASC-US. Methods During 2007-08 a total of 611 women from five reference laboratories in Catalonia with a novel diagnosis of ASC-US were referred for high risk HPV (hrHPV triage using high risk Hybrid Capture version 2. Using routine record linkage data, women were followed for 3 years to evaluate hrHPV testing efficacy for predicting CIN2+ cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for CIN2 +. Results Among the 611 women diagnosed with ASC-US, 493 (80.7% had at least one follow-up visit during the study period. hrHPV was detected in 48.3% of the women at study entry (mean age 35.2 years. hrHPV positivity decreased with increasing age from 72.6% among women younger than 25 years to 31.6% in women older than 54 years (p At the end of the 3 years follow-up period, 37 women with a diagnosis of CIN2+ (18 CIN2, 16 CIN3, 2 cancers, and 1 with high squamous intraepithelial lesions -HSIL were identified and all but one had a hrHPV positive test at study entry. Sensitivity to detect CIN2+ of hrHPV was 97.2% (95%confidence interval (CI = 85.5-99.9 and specificity was 68.3% (95%CI

  6. Familial colorectal cancer, can it be identified by microsatellite instability and chromosomal instability? - A case-control study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sunde, Lone; Bisgaard, Marie Luise; Soll-Johanning, Helle

    2009-01-01

    (Chromosome INstability=LOH (loss of heterozygosity) and/or DNA-aneuploidy (abnormal nuclear DNA contents)) could be used as predictors of familial CRC. Formalin-fixed tissue from 97 patients with CRC (29 patients with 2 or more affected first-degree relatives (="cases"), 29 matched CRC controls without......Colonoscopy is recommended for persons with a familial risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). A familial risk is identified by a family history with CRC and/or predisposing mutation(s). However, such information may not be available. We analysed whether MSI (MicroSatellite Instability) and/or CIN...... a family history, and 39 relatives to cases) were analysed for MSI and CIN. In this small case-control study, no significant differences in the frequencies of MSI and CIN were observed between cases with a family history and their controls without a family history. MSI+;CIN- was observed in 6/29 cases...

  7. Un nuevo coeficiente cinético para la combustión de carbonizados- formulación

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés Rojas; Juan Barraza; Richelieu Barranco

    2008-01-01

    Este artículo muestra el desarrollo y la formulación de un nuevo modelo del coeficiente cinético para la combustión de carbonizado procedentes de carbones pulverizados. La velocidad de reacción química se consideró una función de la reactividad intrínseca del carbón y de la masa del combustible, para un orden de reacción n. La ecuación de la constante cinética de combustión del carbonizado se obtuvo por análisis dimensional usando el método de Rayleigh. Esta ecuación es novedosa, adimensional...

  8. Estudio de la cinética de la hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo pretratado

    OpenAIRE

    Albernas Carvajal, Yailet; Corsano, Gabriela; Mesa Garriga, Leyanis; Santos Herrero, Ronaldo; Gonzalez Suarez, Erenio

    2016-01-01

    En el estudio se determinan los parámetros fundamentales de la cinética enzimática a partir de un modelo cinético pseudo-homogéneo de Michaelis Menten, previamente estudiado con otros materiales lignocelulósicos, para determinar la velocidad de producción de Azúcares Reductores Totales (ART) en el tiempo. Para ello se emplearon los resultados obtenidos a nivel de laboratorio, en el cual se llevó a cabo la hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo previamente pretratado de forma ácida y básica. Se empl...

  9. Estudio de la cinética de la hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo pretratado

    OpenAIRE

    Albernas-Carvajal, Yailet; Corsano, Gabriela; Mesa Garriga, Layanis; Santos Herrero, Ronaldo; González Suárez, Erenio

    2015-01-01

    En el estudio se determinan los parámetros fundamentales de la cinética enzimática a partir de un modelo cinético pseudo-homogéneo de Michaelis Menten, previamente estudiado con otros materiales lignocelulósicos, para determinar la velocidad de producción de Azúcares Reductores Totales (ART) en el tiempo. Para ello se emplearon los resultados obtenidos a nivel de laboratorio, en el cual se llevó a cabo la hidrólisis enzimática del bagazo previamente pretratado de forma ácida y básica. Se empl...

  10. Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases and their recruitment of CIN85 are largely dispensable for epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, Gulzar; Mohapatra, Bhopal; Schulte, Nancy A.; Nadeau, Scott; Luan, Haitao; Zutshi, Neha; Tom, Eric; Ortega-Cava, Cesar; Tu, Chun; Sanada, Masashi; Ogawa, Seishi; Toews, Myron L.; Band, Vimla; Band, Hamid

    2014-01-01

    Members of the Casitas B-Lineage Lymphoma (Cbl) family (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c) of ubiquitin ligases serve as negative regulators of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). An essential role of Cbl-family protein-dependent ubiquitination for efficient ligand-induced lysosomal targeting and degradation is now well-accepted. However, a more proximal role of Cbl and Cbl-b as adapters for CIN85-endophilin recruitment to mediate ligand-induced initial internalization of RTKs is supported by some studies but refuted by others. Overexpression and/or incomplete depletion of Cbl proteins in these studies is likely to have contributed to this dichotomy. To address the role of endogenous Cbl and Cbl-b in the internalization step of RTK endocytic traffic, we established Cbl/Cbl-b double-knockout (DKO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and demonstrated that these cells lack the expression of both Cbl-family members as well as endophilin A, while they express CIN85. We show that ligand-induced ubiquitination of EGFR, as a prototype RTK, was abolished in DKO MEFs, and EGFR degradation was delayed. These traits were reversed by ectopic human Cbl expression. EGFR endocytosis, assessed using the internalization of 125I-labeled or fluorescent EGF, or of EGFR itself, was largely retained in Cbl/Cbl-b DKO compared to wild type MEFs. EGFR internalization was also largely intact in Cbl/Cbl-b depleted MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell line. Inducible shRNA-mediated knockdown of CIN85 in wild type or Cbl/Cbl-b DKO MEFs had no impact on EGFR internalization. Our findings, establish that, at physiological expression levels, Cbl, Cbl-b and CIN85 are largely dispensable for EGFR internalization. Our results support the model that Cbl-CIN85-endophilin complex is not required for efficient internalization of EGFR, a prototype RTK. PMID:25449262

  11. HPV-Testing in Follow-up of Patients Treated for CIN2+ Lesions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mariani, Luciano; Sandri, Maria Teresa; Preti, Mario; Origoni, Massimo; Costa, Silvano; Cristoforoni, Paolo; Bottari, Fabio; Sideri, Mario

    2016-01-01

    Persistent positivity of HPV-DNA testing is considered a prognostic index of recurrent disease in patients treated for CIN2+. HPV detection, and particularly genotyping, has an adequate high rate of sensitivity and specificity (along with an optimal reproducibility), for accurately predicting treatment failure, allowing for an intensified monitoring activity. Conversely, women with a negative HPV-test 6 months after therapy have a very low risk for residual/recurrent disease, which leads to a more individualized follow-up schedule, allowing for a gradual return to the normal screening scheme. HPV testing should be routinely included (with or without cytology) in post-treatment follow-up of CIN2+ patients for early detection of recurrence and cancer progression. HPV genotyping methods, as a biological indicator of persistent disease, could be more suitable for a predictive role and risk stratification (particularly in the case of HPV 16/18 persistence) than pooled HPV-based testing. However, it is necessary to be aware of the performance of the system, adhering to strict standardization of the process and quality assurance criteria. PMID:26722366

  12. Cinética de lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo en agua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanet Rodríguez Perdomo

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la naturaleza del fenómeno que rige la transferencia de masa durante la lixiviación del mangle rojo en agua mediante el estudio de la cinética del proceso. Métodos: se estudió la cinética de lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo en agua a escala de laboratorio, en una relación sólido/líquido 1:4 a diferentes temperaturas (25, 45, 70 y 90 °C. Para cada temperatura en particular se determinó la constante cinética a partir de la ecuación fundamental de la lixiviación mediante un modelo ajustado empleando el programa estadístico CurveExpert 1.4 para Windows. Resultados: los valores de la concentración de sólidos solubles totales correspondientes a 25 y 45 °C presentaron un incremento apreciable durante los primeros 20 min, y los correspondientes a 70 y 90 °C lo alcanzaron a los 30 min. El valor de la energía de activación obtenida en el experimento correspondió a 2,884 kJ. Conclusiones: la naturaleza de la lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo se produce por vía física.

  13. La notion de « spectacle » dans le cinéma de Fellini : enjeux esthétiques d’une cinématographie anti-fictionnelle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Leiduan

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available L’œuvre cinématographique de Federico Fellini (peut-être pas dans son intégralité, mais sûrement à partir des films tournés dans les années 60 se caractérise par une série d’écarts, de déviances, de libertés par rapport au protocole de règles qui définissent la forme canonique d’un film de fiction d’après les conventions esthétiques traditionnelles. Comment caractériser les films nés de cette vague d’expérimentation ? Quelle catégorie descriptive utiliser pour rendre compte des innovations introduites par le réalisateur italien dans les films qui s’écartent le plus de la doxa esthétique dominante? Nous avons cru reconnaître cette catégorie descriptive dans la notion de spectacle. Par spectacle, nous entendons ce type même de divertissement populaire auquel Fellini a constamment réservé une place dans presque tous ses films : des numéros réalisés par des illusionnistes, des clowns, des chanteurs ou d’autres artistes mineurs, dans le cadre d’un spectacle de music-hall, d’un cabaret, d’un cirque. Dans notre article, nous avons étudié les caractéristiques des spectacles felliniens et les avons comparées aux caractéristiques formelles de son cinéma le plus expérimental, concluant à l’existence d’une homologie effective entre les deux phénomènes et au bien-fondé de l’hypothèse qui reconnaît leur rôle déterminant dans la genèse du cinéma fellinien de la maturité.L’opera cinematografica di Federico Fellini (se proprio non tutta, almeno quella che va dagli anni ‘60 in poi è caratterizzata da una serie di violazioni, di sregolatezze, di licenze rispetto al protocollo di regole che definiscono quale sia la forma canonica di una finzione cinematografica da un punto di vista estetico. Come caratterizzare i film ispirati da questa vena sperimentale ? A quale categoria descrittiva fare ricorso per dare conto delle innovazioni introdotte dal regista italiano nei film che più si

  14. Architecture, cinéma et utopie. Pierre Kast sur Claude-Nicolas Ledoux et Le Corbusier

    OpenAIRE

    Denis, Sébastien

    2013-01-01

    La fin des années 40 et les années 50 sont celles de l’émergence du film d’art, et les courts métrages de Pierre Kast (1920-1984) qu’on analysera ici, produits au milieu des années 50, s’intègrent dans ce mouvement plus large dont Claude-Jean Philippe, dans son Encyclopédie filmée, a pu dire que, loin d’être des « films au passé », ils montrent un « présent à vif, dont le cinéma capte et condense l’intensité ». Ces années sont justement celles de la montée vers la « libération » du cinéma lui...

  15. Adaptations cinématographiques de pièces de théâtre à Lyon (1929-1939) : promotion mutuelle entre le théâtre des Célestins et les salles de cinéma

    OpenAIRE

    Marignan, Marylin

    2018-01-01

    Cet article propose de réexaminer la notion d’adaptation et de reprise, dans les années trente, à Lyon, non plus seulement en termes de « concurrence » entre le théâtre et le cinéma mais également en termes d’« emprunt », de « complémentarité » et de « promotion mutuelle ». Durant cette période, la presse diffuse largement l’idée que le cinéma, en se tournant davantage vers le répertoire théâtral ainsi que vers les dramaturges et les acteurs de l’art dramatique, avait fait un tort considérabl...

  16. Development and evaluation of the Combined Ion and Neutron Spectrometer (CINS)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeitlin, C.; Maurer, R.; Roth, D.; Goldsten, J.; Grey, M.

    2009-01-01

    The Combined Ion and Neutron Spectrometer, CINS, is designed to measure the charged and neutral particles that contribute to the radiation dose and dose equivalent received by humans in spaceflight. As the depth of shielding increases, either onboard a spacecraft or in a surface habitat, the relative contribution of neutrons increases significantly, so that obtaining accurate neutron spectra becomes a critical part of any dosimetric measurements. The spectrometer system consists of high- and medium-energy neutron detectors along with a charged-particle detector telescope based on a standard silicon stack concept. The present version of the design is intended for ground-based use at particle accelerators; future iterations of the design can easily be streamlined to reduce volume, mass, and power consumption to create an instrument package suitable for spaceflight. The detector components have been tested separately using high-energy heavy ion beams at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and neutron beams at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility operated by Columbia University. Here, we review the progress made in fabricating the hardware, report the results of several test runs, and discuss the remaining steps necessary to combine the separate components into an integrated system. A custom data acquisition system built for CINS is described in an accompanying article.

  17. Biased sampling, over-identified parameter problems and beyond

    CERN Document Server

    Qin, Jing

    2017-01-01

    This book is devoted to biased sampling problems (also called choice-based sampling in Econometrics parlance) and over-identified parameter estimation problems. Biased sampling problems appear in many areas of research, including Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health, the Social Sciences and Economics. The book addresses a range of important topics, including case and control studies, causal inference, missing data problems, meta-analysis, renewal process and length biased sampling problems, capture and recapture problems, case cohort studies, exponential tilting genetic mixture models etc. The goal of this book is to make it easier for Ph. D students and new researchers to get started in this research area. It will be of interest to all those who work in the health, biological, social and physical sciences, as well as those who are interested in survey methodology and other areas of statistical science, among others. .

  18. Voyage au cœur d’un futur inconnu : analyse du genre dans le cinéma de science-fiction chinois du nouveau millénaire

    OpenAIRE

    Yang, Wei

    2017-01-01

    Cet article étudie le cinéma de science-fiction comme nouveau genre du cinéma chinois. Tout en empruntant largement à son équivalent hollywoodien – costumes, décor, intrigue, caractérisation, effets visuels, et ainsi de suite – le cinéma de science-fiction chinois met rarement en scène les conceptions ou explorations scientifiques qui ont marqué un grand nombre de films de science-fiction ambitieux en Occident. En partie à cause du monopole hollywoodien du genre, les films de science-fiction ...

  19. Communication difficulties in children identified with psychiatric problems

    OpenAIRE

    Helland, Wenche Andersen

    2010-01-01

    Several studies have pointed to an overlap between different developmental psychopathological conditions and language impairments, and difficulties with communication have been identified in children of various diagnostic backgrounds. This thesis is based on three empirical studies, and the purposes are to investigate communication difficulties as reported by parents, in children identified with psychiatric problems as well as to evaluate a Norwegian adaptation of the Children’...

  20. RECOMBINANT FLUORESCENT SENSOR OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE HyPer FUSED WITH ADAPTOR PROTEIN Ruk/CIN85: DESIGNING OF EXPRESSION VECTOR AND ITS FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    А. V. Bazalii

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to design the expression vector encoding fluorescent sensor of hydrogen peroxide HyPer fused with adaptor protein Ruk/CIN85 as well as to check its subcellular distribution and ability to sense hydrogen peroxide. It was demonstrated that in transiently transfected HEK293 and MCF-7 cells Ruk/CIN85-HyPer is concentrated in dot-like vesicular structures of different size while HyPer is diffusely distributed throughout the cell. Using live cell fluorescence microscopy we observed gradual increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration in representative vesicular structures during the time of experiment. Thus, the developed genetic construction encoding the chimeric Ruk/CIN85-HyPer fluorescent protein represents a new tool to study localized H2O2 production in living cells.

  1. Cinética de la diferencia de color y croma en el proceso térmico de pulpa de mango (Mangifera indica L. variedad Haden

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Damián Manayay Sánchez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se ha estudiado la cinética de la diferencia de color y croma en el proceso térmico de pulpa simple (16°Brix y concentrada (28°Brix de mango Haden, a diferentes temperaturas, el ajuste estadístico de la variación de los parámetros colorimétricos L*, ΔE* y ΔC* con respecto al tiempo, y los resultados de energías de activación mayores en el análisis del efecto de la temperatura sobre las constantes cinéticas, condujeron a concluir que corresponden a una cinética de reacción de orden cero.

  2. Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes de base celulósica incorporados com aldeído cinâmico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franceline Aparecida Lopes

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Filmes antimicrobianos foram desenvolvidos com a incorporação de aldeído cinâmico nas concentrações de 5%, 10% e 20% v/p. Suas atividades de inibição do crescimento foram avaliadas para as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Escherichia coli e para os fungos Fusarium oxysporum e Aspergillus flavus. As propriedades mecânicas dos filmes também foram avaliadas. Para as bactérias, à exceção de E. coli, foram observados halos de inibição que aumentaram proporcionalmente ao aumento da concentração de aldeído cinâmico no filme. A espessura média dos filmes utilizados, independentemente da concentração, foi de 32,47 µm e a média de deformação relativa na carga máxima dos filmes foi de 2,05% a 8 ºC e 1,73% a 25 ºC. O filme contendo 10% de aldeído cinâmico apresentou carga máxima de deformação de 108,27 N (Newton, significativamente menor (p<0,05 que os filmes com 0% e 5%. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de filmes incorporados com aldeído cinâmico é uma alternativa como embalagem ativa para o controle do crescimento de micro-organismos em produtos alimentícios.

  3. THE USEFULNESS OF USER TESTING METHODS IN IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS ON UNIVERSITY WEBSITES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Layla Hasan

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to investigate the usefulness of three user testing methods (observation, and using both quantitative and qualitative data from a post-test questionnaire in terms of their ability or inability to find specific usability problems on university websites. The results showed that observation was the best method, compared to the other two, in identifying large numbers of major and minor usability problems on university websites. The results also showed that employing qualitative data from a post-test questionnaire was a useful complementary method since this identified additional usability problems that were not identified by the observation method. However, the results showed that the quantitative data from the post-test questionnaire were inaccurate and ineffective in terms of identifying usability problems on such websites.

  4. Evaluación de los parámetros cinéticos de la ecuación de Monod

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Duarte Torres

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available La evaluación de la cinética de crecimiento de células microbiales, animales, o vegetales constituye un aspecto fundamental en el diseño, operación, simulación y predicción del comportamiento de los reactores biológicos. El propósito de este articulo es presentar una aplicación de los métodos diferencial e integral de análisis de datos en la determinación de los parámetros cinéticos del Modelo de Monod, uno de los modelos empleados con mayor frecuencia para relacionar el efecto de la concentración de sustrato sobre la velocidad especifica deformación de biomasa.

  5. A lower degree of PBMC L1 methylation in women with lower folate status may explain the MTHFR C677T polymorphism associated higher risk of CIN in the US post folic acid fortification era.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suguna Badiga

    Full Text Available Studies in populations unexposed to folic acid (FA fortification have demonstrated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with increased risk of higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+. However, it is unknown whether exposure to higher folate as a result of the FA fortification program has altered the association between MTHFR C677T and risk of CIN, or the mechanisms involved with such alterations. The current study investigated the following in a FA fortified population: 1 The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of CIN 2+; 2 The modifying effects of plasma folate concentrations on this association; and 3 The modifying effects of plasma folate on the association between the polymorphism and degree of methylation of long interspersed nucleotide elements (L1s, in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC DNA, a documented biomarker of CIN risk.The study included 457 US women diagnosed with either CIN 2+ (cases or ≤ CIN 1 (non-cases. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to test the associations after adjusting for relevant risk factors for CIN.The 677CT/TT MTHFR genotypes were not associated with the risk of CIN 2+. Women with CT/TT genotype with lower folate, however, were more likely to be diagnosed with CIN 2+ compared to women with CT/TT genotype with higher folate (OR = 2.41, P = 0.030. Women with CT/TT genotype with lower folate were less likely to have a higher degree of PBMC L1 methylation compared to women with CT/TT genotype with higher folate (OR = 0.28, P = 0.017.This study provides the first evidence that the MTHFR 677CT/TT genotype-associated lower degree of PBMC L1 methylation increases the risk of CIN 2+ in women in the US post-FA fortification era. Thus, even in the post-FA fortification era, not all women have adequate folate status to overcome MTHFR 677CT/TT genotype-associated lower degree of L1 methylation.

  6. Ectopic overexpression of the cell wall invertase gene CIN1 leads to dehydration avoidance in tomato

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Albacete, Alfonso; Cantero-Navarro, Elena; Grosskinsky, Dominik Kilian

    2015-01-01

    %), markedly improving water stress adaptation through an efficient physiological strategy of dehydration avoidance. Drought stress strongly reduced cwInv activity and induced its proteinaceous inhibitor in the leaves of the wild-type plants. However, the CIN1-overexpressing plants registered 3- to 6-fold...

  7. Cinética hematopoyética en Tilapia roja ( Oreochromis sp : Modelo basado en el efecto genotóxico con radiación ionizante

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Peñaloza

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Para elaborar un programa de biomonitoreo en peces se requiere conocer la cinética hema-topoyética en estos organismos y detectar el daño en la sangre circulante. La frecuencia deformación de micronúcleos espontánea e inducida en un tiempo determinado se necesita paraconfirmar la utilidad de estas especies para ensayos de genotoxicidad. En los peces, el órganohematopoyético es la porción cefálica del riñón. Mediante el efecto clastogénico que produce laradiación ionizante a bajas dosis se puede determinar la cinética generativa de eritrocitos.El objetivo de esta investigación es relacionar la formación de micronucleos inducida porradiación ionizante con la cinética hematopoyética en tilapia roja.

  8. Cancers of unknown primary origin (CUP) are characterized by chromosomal instability (CIN) compared to metastasis of know origin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vikeså, Jonas; Møller, Anne Kirstine H; Kaczkowski, Bogumil

    2015-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) constitute ~5% of all cancers. The tumors have an aggressive biological and clinical behavior. The aim of the present study has been to uncover whether CUPs exhibit distinct molecular features compared to metastases of known origin. METHODS: Employing......RNA signatures of chromosome instability (CIN), indicating that CUPs are chromosome unstable compared to metastases of known origin. CONCLUSIONS: CIN may account for the uncommon clinical presentation, chemoresistance and poor outcome in patients with CUP and warrant selective diagnostic strategies and treatment....... genome wide transcriptome analysis, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), we defined the putative origins of a large series of CUP and how closely related a particular CUP was to corresponding metastases of known origin. LDA predictions were subsequently used...

  9. L’intertexte entre le réel et l’imaginaire dans le cinéma de Wim Wenders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Coura Guimarães Castro

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Cet article interroge la façon dont le cinéma représente à l’écran la frontière qui existe entre le monde imaginaire des personnages et celui qu’on appelle «monde réel». Afin de vérifier la figuration à l’écran de cette relation parfois contradictoire, voir complémentaire, on fera une brève étude du film l’Etat des Choses (1982, de Wim Wenders. Le cinéaste est né en Allemagne, en 1945. Initialement, Wenders a étudié médicine et philosophie pendant deux ans, mais, en 1967, il a changé d’avis afin de poursuivre ses études dans l’audiovisuel. A partir de là, le réalisateur s’est fait connaître comme un des représentants les plus célèbres du «nouveau cinéma allemand». En 1978, il a été invité par Francis Ford Coppola pour participer au tournage du film Hammett. Ainsi, son cinéma a été toujours marqué par cette intersection culturelle entre l’Amérique et l’Europe. Notre objectif, dans cet article, est celui de mette en évidence les croisements du cinéma avec l’art, la relation des sujets avec l’espace, ainsi que les influences d’un sur l’autre dans les représentations cinématographiques. Notre référentiel théorique sera fondé, surtout, sur les notions de «fiction» et de «documentaire» chez François Niney. Nous espérons, à partir de cette réflexion, pouvoir comprendre plus en profondeur la façon dont Wenders travaille dans son film la métaphorisation de la lumière dans les mises en scènes, en proposant, en quelque sorte, un dialogue entre les concepts de «clarté» et d’«ombre», en ayant comme arrière-plan l’idée de fiction.This article shows the way that the cinema represents on the screen the boundaries between the imaginary world of the characters and the one that we used to call “real world”. In order to verify the representation on the screen of this contradictory relationship, sometimes complementary, we will do a brief study of the movie The State

  10. Diferencias cinéticas de las plasminas de ocho especies mamíferas: activaciones y secuencias de los terminales-N

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omaira Cañás Bermúdez

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El artículo determina los parámetros cinéticos de las plasminas de ocho especies de mamíferos y sus terminales-N. Los ocho plasminógenos fueron purificados por los mismos métodos (cromatografías de afinidad e intercambio iónico, y activados con urocinasa, partiendo de una concentración común y su cinética valorada según las coordenadas de Lineweaver- Burk. Para esto se utilizó la cinética enzimática de Michaelis Menten, ampliamente usada en el estudio de enzimas. Todos los plasminógenos mostraron una pureza superior al 95 % y una banda de 92 kDa en la electroforesis, al comparar con el estándar de peso molecular utilizado. Las plasminas del equino y canino mostraron la misma KM por el sustrato cromogénico (0,438 mM, siendo esta la de mayor afinidad en este estudio y la humana la de menor afinidad (5,3 mM. También fueron determinadas la constante catalítica y la velocidad de conversión del sustrato cromogénico a producto. Los terminales-N de los plasminógenos de las ocho especies fueron determinados, y se encontraron diferencias entre el humano y los animales; así mismo entre algunos animales. Solo el porcino y el ovino no mostraron diferencia alguna en su terminal-N (DPPDDY. Se demostró la unificación del método de purificación de los plasminógenos para cualquier especie, las diferencias cinéticas de las ocho plasminas estudiadas, y las similitudes y diferencias en la secuencia de los terminales-N de las ocho especies.

  11. Homocysteinemia is Associated with a Lower Degree of PBMC LINE-1 Methylation and a Higher Risk of CIN 2C in the U.S. Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badiga, Suguna; Siddiqui, Nuzhat R; Macaluso, Maurizio; Johanning, Gary L; Piyathilake, Chandrika J

    2016-01-01

    The primary aim of the study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), a functional indicator of methyl donor nutrients, are associated with altered risk of higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and the degree of methylation in long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1s) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a potential biomarker of CIN 2+ in a population of women exposed to the United States folic acid fortification program. The secondary aim was to assess the determinants of plasma Hcy in the same population. The study included 457 women diagnosed with either CIN 2+ (cases, n = 132) or ≤ CIN 1 (non-cases, n = 325). Unconditional logistic regression models were used to test the associations after adjusting for relevant risk factors of cervical cancer. Women with higher Hcy concentrations were at a greater risk of being diagnosed with CIN 2+ [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, P = 0.005]. Higher plasma folate concentrations were a significant determinant of lower Hcy (OR = 0.40, P = 0.0002). Women with higher Hcy concentrations were more likely to have a lower degree of LINE-1 methylation (OR = 2.30, P = 0.0007). These results suggested that further improvement in folate status in this population may be beneficial for lowering Hcy and improving the degree of LINE-1 methylation.

  12. Etude cinétique de la dégradation de l'Endosufane en solution ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Etude cinétique de la dégradation de l'Endosufane en solution. S Traore, K Mamadou, A Dembele, V Yao, Y Bekro, P Mazellier, B Legube, P Houenou. Abstract. Les pesticides sont fréquemment utilisés en Côte d'Ivoire. Leur détection dans les eaux de forage témoigne de leur mauvais usage et d'un grave problème ...

  13. Estudo da cinética de cura de um pré-impregnado de resina epoxídica/fibra de carbono pelo método isoconversional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanesa C. G. M. Ferrari

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a cinética de cura de um pré-impregnado ("prepreg" de resina epoxídica/fibra de carbono, utilizando a técnica de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC pelo método isoconversional. O método isoconversional analisa a cinética de cura por meio da dependência da energia de ativação durante a conversão (análise isotérmica ou temperatura (análise não-isotérmica e utiliza esta dependência para calcular os parâmetros cinéticos. A avaliação da cinética da reação por DSC baseia-se na quantidade de calor gerado durante as reações exotérmicas. A hipótese de que o calor gerado pela reação química é proporcional à extensão da cura permite obter os parâmetros cinéticos no DSC por meio das análises pelos métodos isotérmicos e não-isotérmicos. Para o método isoconversional isotérmico, a energia de ativação média apresentou valores entre 103 e 72 kJ/mol, e, para o método isoconversional não-isotérmico um valor médio de 80,5 kJ/mol. Estes resultados foram comparados com os obtidos para os métodos ASTM E 2070 e ASTM E 698, cujos valores foram 89±5 kJ/mol e 77,5±2,5 kJ/mol, respectivamente, comprovando a eficiência do método isoconversional.

  14. Insights into the catalytic activity of [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] (NHC = IPr, IPrCl, IPrBr) complexes in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

    KAUST Repository

    Nolan, Steven Patrick

    2017-09-06

    The influence of C4,5-halogenation on palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction have been investigated. Two [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] complexes bearing IPrCl and IPrBr ligands were synthesized. After determining electronic and steric properties of these ligands, their properties were compared to those of [Pd(IPr)(cin)Cl]. The three palladium complexes were studied using DFT calculations to delineate their behaviour in the activation step leading to the putative 12-electron active catalyst. Experimentally, their catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction involving a wide range of coupling partners (30 entries) at low catalyst loading was studied.

  15. Cinética de descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    Climent Santamaría, María Teresa

    2014-01-01

    Vídeo en el que se muestran las operaciones de laboratorio para seguir la cinética de descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno (o agua oxigenada), catalizada con ión yoduro, a partir de medidas del volumen de oxígeno desprendido. Producció: Centre de Formació i Qualitat 'Manuel Sanchis Guarner' (www.uv.es/cfq)

  16. Clinicopathological analysis of 91 cases of uterine cervical cancer (including 38 cases of CIN III)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Obata, Naoko; Kamiya, Norio; Goto, Setsuko; Takahashi, Satoru

    2000-01-01

    A total of 91 cases of uterine cervical cancer, consisting of 38 cases of carcinoma in situ (CIN III) and 53 cases of stage I-IV cervical cancer, were retrospectively and clinicopathologically analyzed. The standard treatment given to these patients consisted of hysterectomy or conization for CIN III; observation of cases of mild to moderate dysplasia; radical hysterectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection for stage I and II cervical cancer; and radiotherapy for stage III and IV cervical cancer. Postoperative irradiation consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis with 40-50 Gy. The patients who were not treated surgically underwent 40 Gy external irradiation of the whole pelvis, followed by an additional 20 Gy with shielding and internal irradiation with an RALS. When lymph node metastasis was present, the nodes were irradiated with 40-50 Gy. The mean age of the 38 patients with CIN III was 45.2 years old, and they were para 0-4. In 24 (63.2%) of them the cancer was detected by cytodiagnosis as part of screening. Radical hysterectomy, simple hysterectomy, and conization were performed in 25 patients, 7 patients, and 6 patients, respectively. No recurrences have been detected, and the survival rate is 100%. The mean age of the 53 patients with cervical cancer stage I-IV was 62.4 years old, and they were para 0-10. There were 25 patients with stage I disease, 15 patients with stage II disease, 6 patients with stage III, and 7 patients with stage IV, and their 5-year survival rate was 82.4%, 68.8%, 66.7%, and 42.9%, respectively. Radioenteritis and radiocystitis occurred as adverse radiation effects. Pathologic factors influencing lymph node metastasis were examined by a multivariate analysis based on the data from 25 patients with stage I and II who underwent hysterectomy. The results of the analysis indicated the importance of screening and the choice of appropriate surgical method/technique, as well as the need for further investigation to determine the effective

  17. Cinética de secagem de folhas de erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea DC.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.L.D. Goneli

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a cinética de secagem das folhas de erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea DC. bem como ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos valores experimentais de razão de umidade. As folhas de erva baleeira foram colhidas com teor de água inicial de 75% b.u., sendo submetidas à secagem sob condições controladas de temperatura (40, 50, 60 e 70°C, até o teor de água aproximado de 10% b.u.. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados oito modelos matemáticos citados na literatura específica e utilizados para a representação do processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. Com base nos resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que o modelo de Midilli é o que melhor representa a cinética de secagem das folhas de erva baleeira. O aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem promoveu maior taxa de remoção de água do produto. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, sendo que sua relação com a temperatura de secagem pode ser descrita pela equação de Arrhenius. A energia de ativação para a difusão líquida durante a secagem das folhas de erva baleeira foi de 62,89 kJ mol-1 .

  18. Cinética de secado de la levadura cervecera (Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Picado

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudió la cinética de secado de la levadura cervecera tomando en consideración el fenómeno de encogimiento presentado por la misma. Los datos experimentales se obtuvieron a tres temperaturas diferentes. Se evaluó el encogimiento volumétrico y de grosor de la levadura por medición directa determinada durante el secado. Se encontró que el encogimiento de la levadura es casi isotrópico e incide significativamente en la velocidad de secado. Además, la levadura durante el secado presenta solamente un periodo de velocidad decreciente y no exhibe curva característica de secado.

  19. Measuring Knowledge of Natural Selection: A Comparison of the CINS, an Open-Response Instrument, and an Oral Interview

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nehm, Ross H.; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam

    2008-01-01

    Growing recognition of the central importance of fostering an in-depth understanding of natural selection has, surprisingly, failed to stimulate work on the development and rigorous evaluation of instruments that measure knowledge of it. We used three different methodological tools, the Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection (CINS), a modified…

  20. Cinética de degradación térmica de betacianinas, betaxantinas y vitamina C en una bebida a base de jugo de remolacha (Beta vulgaris L.) y miel de abeja

    OpenAIRE

    William Sánchez-Chávez; Juán Cortez-Arredondo; Miguel Solano-Cornejo; Julio Vidaurre-Ruiz

    2015-01-01

    La cinética de degradación de la betacianinas, betaxantinas y vitamina C a 30 °C, 40 °C y 50 ºC fue evaluada en una bebida a base de betarraga y miel de abeja, utilizando los modelos cinéticos de orden cero, primer y segundo orden; así como el modelo de Arrhenius para evaluar la dependencia de la velocidad de degradación con respecto a la temperatura. Se determinó que la degradación de los tres compuestos evaluados en las tres temperaturas ensayadas siguió una cinética de primer orden con una...

  1. The treatment of CIN: what are the risks?

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Prendiville, W

    2012-02-01

    The treatment of CIN: what are the risks?The treatment of squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is to remove or destroy the transformation zone (TZ). It is likely that no method of treatment is superior to another if it is performed properly and the limited available evidence supports this view. The significant advantages of excision (simplicity, cost, outpatient procedure, histological examination of the entire TZ) mean that treatment thresholds may have lowered over the last decade. Long-term pregnancy-related morbidity associated with excision has been reported recently. The evidence would suggest that this increase equates to a genuine increase in serious adverse outcome for cone biopsy but not large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). The available data also point to an increase in both incomplete excision and premature labour associated with the excision of large endocervical TZs. The clinical implications arising from this are firstly that women with large type 2 and 3 TZs need appropriate counselling before treatment and that the threshold for treating young women with mild abnormalities needs review.

  2. Proyecto MeCIN: Alto Valle de Río Negro, Argentina MeCIN Project: alto Valle of Rio negro, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto L Flores

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos durante el experimento de campo MeCIN (Mediciones de la Capa de Inversión Nocturna cuyo objetivo fue estudiar el comportamiento del viento, la temperatura del aire y la evolución del enfriamiento en los valles de los ríos Neuquén, Limay y Negro en noches con inversión térmica en las primaveras de los años 1992 al 1997. Las situaciones sinópticas que propiciaron los intensos efectos radiativos nocturnos fueron asociadas con un anticiclón migratorio postfrontal en 1000 hPa y un eje de vaguada en 500 hPa. Los gradientes verticales de temperatura alcanzaron valores medios entre 0,26 °C/m en el valle del río Neuquén y 0,14 °C/m en el del Negro. El tope de la inversión térmica, en promedio, se ubicó a más de 30 m. Las mediciones de los perfiles de velocidad del viento mostraron un patrón de dos capas: una capa inferior sin movimiento y otra superior con velocidades en promedio entre 2,9 m/s y 4,0 m/s. El enfriamiento nocturno fue superior en la zona de chacras y menor en cercanías del río y sobre la meseta. La temperatura del aire durante la noche fue menor en el valle que en la meseta, dependiendo de su altura.This paper presents the results of field experience MeCIN (Measurements of the Nocturnal Inversion Layer. The project was performed to study the characteristics of wind, air temperature and the evolution of nocturnal cooling in the Neuquén, Limay, and Negro river valleys during nighttime with thermal inversion in the layer near ground, between 1992 and 1997 spring seasons. The mean synoptic situations that favored the nocturnal radiative effects were associated with migratory postfrontal 1000 hPa anticyclones and a though axis in 500 hPa. The mean vertical gradient of air temperature was 0,26 °C/m in the Neuquén river valley and 0,14 °C/m in the Negro river valley. The top of the thermal inversion, on the average, was located above 30 m. The wind speed profile presented two

  3. Cinética da degradação de carotenoides e da alteração de cor do azeite de pequi submetido ao aquecimento em temperatura de fritura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mara Lina Rodrigues

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available O azeite de pequi possui coloração vermelho-alaranjada devido à presença de carotenoides. Possíveis alterações químicas nesses compostos durante o processamento podem influenciar em modificações físicas do produto que ocorrem quando este é submetido ao aquecimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar parâmetros cinéticos para avaliar a degradação de carotenoides e a alteração de cor do azeite de pequi submetido ao aquecimento em temperatura de fritura. Para avaliar o efeito do aquecimento, o azeite de pequi foi tratado termicamente a 180°C em intervalo crescente de 10 minutos até uma hora de aquecimento. Realizaram-se as análises de carotenoides totais e cor e com esses resultados determinaram-se os parâmetros cinéticos. Ao longo do aquecimento, o teor de carotenoides foi praticamente todo degradado e consequentemente a cor foi bastante alterada. A cinética de degradação dos carotenoides foi de primeira ordem e da alteração de cor foi de ordem zero. Essas cinéticas refletiram as observações visuais das amostras do azeite de pequi obtidas depois de cada tratamento.

  4. Modélisation cinétique et hydrodynamique pour la physique, la chimie et la santé, analyse mathématique et numérique

    OpenAIRE

    Boudin , Laurent

    2011-01-01

    Mes travaux de recherche portent sur la mécanique des fluides, et plus précisément sur les systèmes de particules, avec plusieurs domaines d'applications : le poumon (aérosol thérapie, pollution, régimes diffusifs), la formation d'opinion (sociophysique), et le couplage entre un fluide et une phase dispersée. La plupart de mes travaux s'appuient sur la théorie cinétique, où apparaissent des équations aux dérivées partielles cinétiques où l'inconnue est une fonction de distribution ayant pour ...

  5. Fabulations nocturnes : Écologie, vitalité et opacité dans le cinéma d’Apichatpong Weerasethakul

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bordeleau, É.; Pape, T.; Ronald, R.-A.; Adam, S.

    2017-01-01

    Fabulations nocturnes est un essai d’intercession. Ce n’est pas simplement un livre à propos du cinéaste Apichatpong Weerasethakul, bien qu’il se penche de près sur son œuvre. C’est plutôt un livre qui interroge en profondeur quoi d’autre pourrait être en cause dans la mise en place des conditions

  6. Predominance of CIN versus MSI in the development of rectal cancer at young age

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernebro, Eva; Halvarsson, Britta; Baldetorp, Bo; Nilbert, Mef

    2002-01-01

    Development of proximal and distal colorectal cancers involve partly different mechanisms associated with the microsatellite instability (MSI) and the chromosomal instability (CIN) pathways. Colorectal cancers in patients under 50 years of age represent about 5% of the total number of tumors and have been associated with an increased frequency of MSI tumors. However, MSI and CIN may play different roles in the development of colon cancer and rectal cancer, and we have specifically investigated their contribution to the development of rectal cancer at young age. Thirty rectal cancers diagnosed before the age of 50 were characterized for DNA-ploidy, MSI, mutations of KRAS and CTNNB1 and immunohistochemical expression of p53, β-catenin and of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MLH1 and MSH2. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 21/30 tumors, KRAS mutations in 6 tumors, no mutations of CTNNB1 were detected but immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin showed nuclear staining in 6 tumors, and immunohistochemical expression of p53 was detected in 18 tumors. MSI was detected in 3/30 tumors, all of which showed and immunohistochemical loss of staining for the MMR protein MSH2, which strongly indicates a phenotype associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). MSI occurs only in a small fraction of the tumors from young patients with rectal cancer, but when present it strongly indicates an underlying HNPCC-causing mutation, and other mechanisms than HNPCC thus cause rectal cancer in the majority of young patients

  7. Determinação das constantes cinéticas de degradação do ácido ascórbico em purê de pêssego: efeito da temperatura e concentração

    OpenAIRE

    Toralles,Ricardo Peraça; Vendruscolo,João Luiz; Vendruscolo,Claire Tondo; Del Pino,Francisco Augusto Burkert; Antunes,Pedro Luiz

    2008-01-01

    O ácido ascórbico, vitamina C, é usado extensivamente na indústria de alimentos, não só devido ao seu valor nutricional, mas devido a suas contribuições funcionais na qualidade do produto. Existem muitos estudos sobre a estabilidade cinética do ácido ascórbico em bebidas, mas nenhum estudo foi encontrado sobre as constantes cinéticas de degradação do ácido ascórbico adicionado em purê de pêssego. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a cinética de degradação do ácido ascórbico em purê de pêssego da cult...

  8. Cinética de adsorción de agua en purés deshidratados de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María M. Brousse

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El puré deshidratado de mandioca es un producto obtenido a partir de la raíz de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz, mediante un proceso tecnológico sobre raíces limpias y peladas. Será utilizado como tal o como materia prima para la producción de pastas alimenticias o mezclas para pastas. El conocimiento de las propiedades, fisicoquímicas y funcionales del puré deshidratado de mandioca y del producto reconstituido constituye información fundamental para poder analizar las actuales y futuras aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de la temperatura sobre el proceso de rehidratación y el efecto del tamaño de partícula sobre la cinética adsorción de agua de purés deshidratados de dos variedades de mandioca, "Pomberi" y "Concepción". El efecto de la temperatura fue evaluado mediante los Índices de Adsorción de Agua a tres temperaturas (30, 40 y 50 ºC. La cinética de adsorción de agua fue estudiada con los modelos de Pilosof y Exponencial. El Índice de Adsorción de Agua aumentó con el incremento de la temperatura en los purés de las dos variedades de mandioca. Los modelos de Pilosof y Exponencial describieron adecuadamente la cinética de adsorción de agua. La velocidad de adsorción de agua fue mayor en el puré con las partículas de menor tamaño.

  9. Cinética de adsorción de agua en purés deshidratados de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María M. Brousse

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available El puré deshidratado de mandioca es un producto obtenido a partir de la raíz de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz, mediante un proceso tecnológico sobre raíces limpias y peladas. Será utilizado como tal o como materia prima para la producción de pastas alimenticias o mezclas para pastas. El conocimiento de las propiedades, fisicoquímicas y funcionales del puré deshidratado de mandioca y del producto reconstituido constituye información fundamental para poder analizar las actuales y futuras aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de la temperatura sobre el proceso de rehidratación y el efecto del tamaño de partícula sobre la cinética adsorción de agua de purés deshidratados de dos variedades de mandioca, ‘Pomberi’ y ‘Concepción’. El efecto de la temperatura fue evaluado mediante los Índices de Adsorción de Agua a tres temperaturas (30, 40 y 50 ºC. La cinética de adsorción de agua fue estudiada con los modelos de Pilosof y Exponencial. El Índice de Adsorción de Agua aumentó con el incremento de la temperatura en los purés de las dos variedades de mandioca. Los modelos de Pilosof y Exponencial describieron adecuadamente la cinética de adsorción de agua. La velocidad de adsorción de agua fue mayor en el puré con las partículas de menor tamaño.

  10. Voix-off et film-fable : le cinéma d’éducation populaire à l’épreuve du parlant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pascal Laborderie

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Comment l’étude de la généralisation du parlant dans les films-fables du cinéma éducateur permet-elle de comprendre la participation de la voix-off dans la non-fiction ? L’ambivalence de l’économie énonciative des films-fables correspond aux deux grandes fonctions de la voix-off : raconter et supporter un discours. Aussi, l’observation de l’émergence du parlant dans ces films permet-elle d’étudier le statut de la voix-off dans les films de non-fiction. C’est pourquoi nous proposons de considérer les modalités et les enjeux de l’apparition de la voix-off dans les films-fables programmés par les réseaux d’éducation populaire laïque dans les années 1930. Dans un premier temps, nous envisageons la manière dont s’est opéré le transfert médiatique des genres oraux qui encadraient les séances du cinéma éducateur muet, la conférence et le débat avec le public. À cette occasion, nous remettons en question la valeur démiurgique de la voix-off qui dans le contexte du cinéma éducateur rappelle la voix du maître d’école plutôt que celle de Dieu. Aussi, nous distinguons deux catégories de films-fables : le film-conférence dans lequel le récit sert à introduire un exposé et le film-parabole où le récit permet d’illustrer deux comportements opposés. Dans un second temps, nous étudions pourquoi et comment le film-parabole mobilise un régime de voix intermédiaire : la voix-off diégétisée. Dans une perspective narratologique, ce régime se conforme à l’hétérogénéité énonciative du film-parabole. D’un point de vue idéologique, l’utilisation de cette voix-off diégétisée participe de ce mouvement de contestation de la parole des élites, qui émerge dans le cinéma populaire des années 1930.

  11. Un nuevo coeficiente cinético para la combustión de carbonizados- formulación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Rojas

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo muestra el desarrollo y la formulación de un nuevo modelo del coeficiente cinético para la combustión de carbonizado procedentes de carbones pulverizados. La velocidad de reacción química se consideró una función de la reactividad intrínseca del carbón y de la masa del combustible, para un orden de reacción n. La ecuación de la constante cinética de combustión del carbonizado se obtuvo por análisis dimensional usando el método de Rayleigh. Esta ecuación es novedosa, adimensional y muestra la dependencia de la constante de reacción química sobre parámetros del carbón tales como la composición maceral y mineral; los parámetros del carbonizado como el área superficial específica y la densidad aparente; el tiempo de desvolatilización, la temperatura y la energía de activación. La constante de reacción de la combustión del carbonizado tiene consistencia dimensional y se describe por tres números adimensionales, los cuales tienen significado físico o químico.

  12. Un cinéaste antifasciste à Paris : Slatan Dudow (1934-1939)

    OpenAIRE

    Trugeon, Mélanie

    2011-01-01

    Réfugié à Paris après l’arrivée de Hitler au pouvoir en Allemagne, le metteur en scène de théâtre et cinéaste bulgare Slatan Dudow poursuit son travail militant sur scène, à la radio et sur les écrans dans la capitale française jusqu’à son expulsion en 1939-1940 où il trouve alors refuge en Suisse. À partir d’un riche fonds d’archives déposé aux Archives Nationales, inexploité à ce jour, cet article retrace les conditions et les aléas de cette activité artistique et politique, en particulier ...

  13. Current Welfare Problems Facing Horses in Great Britain as Identified by Equine Stakeholders

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horseman, Susan V.; Buller, Henry

    2016-01-01

    Despite growing concerns about the welfare of horses in Great Britain (GB) there has been little surveillance of the welfare status of the horse population. Consequently we have limited knowledge of the range of welfare problems experienced by horses in GB and the situations in which poor welfare occurs. Thirty-one in-depth interviews were conducted with a cross -section of equine stakeholders, in order to explore their perceptions of the welfare problems faced by horses in GB. Welfare problems relating to health, management and riding and training were identified, including horses being under or over weight, stabling 24 hours a day and the inappropriate use of training aids. The interviewees also discussed broader contexts in which they perceived that welfare was compromised. The most commonly discussed context was where horses are kept in unsuitable environments, for example environments with poor grazing. The racing industry and travellers horses were identified as areas of the industry where horse welfare was particularly vulnerable to compromise. Lack of knowledge and financial constraints were perceived to be the root cause of poor welfare by many interviewees. The findings give insight into the range of welfare problems that may be faced by horses in GB, the contexts in which these may occur and their possible causes. Many of the problems identified by the interviewees have undergone limited scientific investigation pointing to areas where further research is likely to be necessary for welfare improvement. The large number of issues identified suggests that some form of prioritisation may be necessary to target research and resources effectively. PMID:27501387

  14. Current Welfare Problems Facing Horses in Great Britain as Identified by Equine Stakeholders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horseman, Susan V; Buller, Henry; Mullan, Siobhan; Whay, Helen R

    2016-01-01

    Despite growing concerns about the welfare of horses in Great Britain (GB) there has been little surveillance of the welfare status of the horse population. Consequently we have limited knowledge of the range of welfare problems experienced by horses in GB and the situations in which poor welfare occurs. Thirty-one in-depth interviews were conducted with a cross -section of equine stakeholders, in order to explore their perceptions of the welfare problems faced by horses in GB. Welfare problems relating to health, management and riding and training were identified, including horses being under or over weight, stabling 24 hours a day and the inappropriate use of training aids. The interviewees also discussed broader contexts in which they perceived that welfare was compromised. The most commonly discussed context was where horses are kept in unsuitable environments, for example environments with poor grazing. The racing industry and travellers horses were identified as areas of the industry where horse welfare was particularly vulnerable to compromise. Lack of knowledge and financial constraints were perceived to be the root cause of poor welfare by many interviewees. The findings give insight into the range of welfare problems that may be faced by horses in GB, the contexts in which these may occur and their possible causes. Many of the problems identified by the interviewees have undergone limited scientific investigation pointing to areas where further research is likely to be necessary for welfare improvement. The large number of issues identified suggests that some form of prioritisation may be necessary to target research and resources effectively.

  15. Estudio de las cinéticas de pérdida de agua y absorción de aceite durante la fritura de arveja (Pisum sativum L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    lizeth Barrios Barrios

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available La fritura es un proceso en el que se evidencia pérdida de humedad y ganancia de aceite en los productos. Cambios atribuidos a la temperatura del proceso y el tiempo de residencia del producto en aceite caliente. En este estudio se realizó la cinética de perdida de humedad y absorción de aceite durante la fritura por inmersión de arveja (Pisum sativum L. variedad Sureña. Se evaluó tres temperaturas 160, 180 y 200 °C, y tiempos de entre 0 y 8 min; la relación producto/aceite se mantuvo contante 1:6 (p/v. La cinética de absorción de aceite se estudió con un modelo exponencial, mientras que la pérdida de humedad se estudió con el modelo de newton. Los modelos estudiados describen adecuadamente los dos fenómenos de transferencia de masa. Las constantes cinéticas calculadas a 160, 180 y 200 °C fueron: absorción de aceite (0.0084, 0.0088 y 0.0094 s-1 y pérdida de humedad (0.0125, 0.0144 y 0,0194 s-1 mientras que los valores de difusividad obtenidos fueron (0.1551 x 10-9, 0.1787 x 10-9 y 0.2371x 10-9 m2/s. Tanto la difusividad como los parámetros cinéticos presentan dependencia con la temperatura al evaluarlos, con la ecuación de Arrhenius se obtuvo la energía de activación 18.13 kJ/mol.

  16. Early detection and intervention using neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) may improve renal outcome of acute contrast media induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing intra-arterial angiography (ANTI-CIN Study).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schilcher, Gernot; Ribitsch, Werner; Otto, Ronald; Portugaller, Rupert H; Quehenberger, Franz; Truschnig-Wilders, Martini; Zweiker, Robert; Stiegler, Philipp; Brodmann, Marianne; Weinhandl, Klemens; Horina, Joerg H

    2011-08-17

    Patients with pre-existing impaired renal function are prone to develop acute contrast media induced nephropathy (CIN). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a new biomarker predictive for acute kidney injury (AKI), has been shown to be useful for earlier diagnosis of CIN; however, urinary NGAL values may be markedly increased in chronic renal failure at baseline. Results from those studies suggested that urinary NGAL values may not be helpful for the clinician. An intravenous volume load is a widely accepted prophylactic measure and possibly a reasonable intervention to prevent deterioration of renal function. The aim of our study is to evaluate NGAL as an early predictor of CIN and to investigate the clinical benefit of early post-procedural i.v. hydration. The study will follow a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled design. Patients requiring intra-arterial contrast media (CM) application will be included and receive standardized, weight-based, intravenous hydration before investigation. Subjects with markedly increased urinary NGAL values after CM application will be randomized into one of two study groups. Group A will receive 3-4 ml/kg BW/h 0.9% saline intravenously for 6 hours. Group B will undergo only standard treatment consisting of unrestricted oral fluid intake. The primary outcome measure will be CIN defined by an increase greater than 25% of baseline serum creatinine. Secondary outcomes will include urinary NGAL values, cystatin C values, contrast media associated changes in cardiac parameters such as NT-pro-BNP/troponin T, changes in urinary cytology, need for renal replacement treatment, length of stay in hospital and death.We assume that 20% of the included patients will show a definite rise in urinary NGAL. Prospective statistical power calculations indicate that the study will have 80% statistical power to detect a clinically significant decrease of CIN of 40% in the treatment arm if 1200 patients are recruited into the

  17. Insights into the catalytic activity of [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] (NHC = IPr, IPrCl, IPrBr) complexes in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

    KAUST Repository

    Nolan, Steven Patrick; Izquierdo, Frederic; Zinser, Caroline; Minenkov, Yury; Cordes, David; Slawin, Alexandra; Cavallo, Luigi; Nahra, Fady; Cazin, Catherine

    2017-01-01

    The influence of C4,5-halogenation on palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction have been investigated. Two [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] complexes bearing IPrCl and IPrBr ligands were synthesized. After

  18. Parcours croisés de Dominique Cabrera, cinéaste, et de ses proches collaborateurs. Intersecting careers: Dominique Cabrera, film director, and her close collaborators.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adeline Lamberbourg

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Le métier de réalisateur de cinéma a été peu étudié en sciences humaines et sociales. Les études cinématographiques et la presse spécialisée s’intéressent beaucoup moins aux parcours des collaborateurs de l’équipe technique qu’aux comédiens et aux projets des auteurs que l’on pourrait croire retranchés dans leur intériorité créatrice. Pour échapper à ce travers biographique, le sociologue peut rendre compte de l’itinéraire d’un réalisateur en examinant ses liens avec ses collaborateurs. On prend ici l’exemple des liens de travail récurrents qui unissent Dominique Cabrera, réalisatrice de cinéma, à ses proches collaborateurs, en montrant de quelle manière des liens de travail peuvent s’approfondir en dépit d’un contexte sectoriel où l’organisation par projet de l’activité cinématographique favorise a priori la fugacité des relations de travail. On postule ainsi que le contexte pertinent pour éclairer les contours de cet itinéraire de carrière est le réseau des relations socioprofessionnelles au sein duquel naissent les projets de films et qui contribuent à ancrer ce parcours dans le paysage professionnel des pratiques cinématographiques.In France, social sciences and humanities have paid little attention to the profession of film director. Film studies and the press are much less interested in the professional careers of technical teams in comparison with the lives of actors and authors of projects who seem to be cut into their inner creativity. To escape the biographical pitfall, sociologists may account for a director’s itinerary by analyzing his/her ties with colleagues. Here, we examine the recurrent work relations between film director Dominique Cabrera and her close colleagues, to underline the strong relationships which paradoxically unite both the director and her staff in a project-based industry that is rather conducive to short-lived work relations. We postulate that the

  19. Cinética de fermentación y degradabilidad ruminal in vitro de dietas con diferente fuente de nitrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Aguirre Valverde

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la cinética de fermentación y degradabilidad ruminal in vitro de dietas con diferente fuente de nitrógeno para alimentación de rumiantes. Se formularon tres dietas (D con diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno D1 (harina de pescado, D2 (pasta de soya y D3 (urea, estas fueron iso-calóricas con 2900 kilocalorías de energía digestible en materia seca (kcal ED/MS e iso-proteícas 13% proteína bruta (PB. Los periodos de incubación utilizados fueron 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas. En la evolución del Ph en la cinética ruminal de las tres dietas con diferentes fuentes de nitrógenos, se puede determinar que la D3 y D1 registraron el mayor pH (P

  20. Preliminary Validation of a New Clinical Tool for Identifying Problem Video Game Playing

    Science.gov (United States)

    King, Daniel Luke; Delfabbro, Paul H.; Zajac, Ian T.

    2011-01-01

    Research has estimated that between 6 to 13% of individuals who play video games do so excessively. However, the methods and definitions used to identify "problem" video game players often vary considerably. This research presents preliminary validation data for a new measure of problematic video game play called the Problem Video Game…

  1. Penser la musique, Écouter les images. Lectures de Cahiers d’art, Jazz et Documents sur le jazz et le cinéma américains

    OpenAIRE

    Turquety, Diane

    2017-01-01

    De 1926 à 1931, les revues d’art ou plus largement d’actualité intellectuelle, Cahiers d’art, Jazz et Documents, couvrent de façon inédite l’actualité du jazz et du cinéma américains, notamment. Sous le signe du populaire, de l’Amérique et d’un apport « exotique » incarné par la communauté noire américaine, ces spectacles sont hissés en de nouvelles références artistiques vecteurs d’une modernité idéale. Le jazz et le cinéma parlant deviennent alors, progressivement et selon des orientations ...

  2. Le cinéma en Afrique : l’impossible industrie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claude Forest

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Les complaintes sont nombreuses face aux difficultés de la production cinématographique comme à la fermeture des salles sur un continent africain aux évolutions hétérogènes. Une analyse des causes qui ont mené à cette situation et un état des lieux de cette industrie constituent un préalable indispensable à l’éventuelle adoption de remèdes appropriés. Si quelques pays comme le Nigéria ou l’Afrique du Sud font figure d’exceptions sans pour autant pouvoir devenir des modèles, il n’est pas certain que la numérisation contemporaine de la filière aide à surmonter radicalement ses difficultés structurelles. Au-delà des discours convenus d’apitoiement ou de déploration, il conviendra d’étudier les principaux symptômes et leurs multiples causes, à commencer par les attentes et comportements des publics, mais également les dysfonctionnements politiques et économiques beaucoup plus larges qui touchent une majorité de ces nations et interdisent la structuration pérenne d’une industrie du cinéma, sans empêcher l’émergence d’autres formes de partage collectif d’images diffusées qui retiennent peu l’attention des nations occidentales bien que massivement pratiquées.Film production in Africa encounters numerous difficulties while at the same time theaters close down. An essential prerequisite to the possible adoption of appropriate remedies to this situation is an analysis of the causes which led to the extinction of theaters and the comprehension of the industry's current structure. If some countries such as Nigeria or South Africa seem more like an exception to the rule without, thus, being able to become models, it is not certain that the contemporary digitalization of the sector helps to radically overcome its structural difficulties. Instead of succumbing to discourses of victimization, it would be better to study the main symptoms and the multiple causes, to start with the audiences' expectations

  3. Análisis comparativo de modelos cinéticos para un Filtro Biológico sin recirculación con medio de soporte en Luffa Cylindrica para el tratamiento de aguas residuales combinadas (domésticas y pecuarias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Rodriguez Miranda

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo considera un análisis de los diferentes modelos cinéticos para la estabilización de la materia orgánica en un filtro biológico con lecho en Luffa cylindrica, en donde el modelo que más influyó en la cinética con el modelo matemático expuesto por Velz estableció un promedio la constante cinética de 0,116 (d-1. En cuanto a la remoción de la materia orgánica, se obtuvieron resultados de eficiencia en donde se alcanzaron valores entre 85%, 76%, 55%.

  4. Transforming local government by project portfolio management: Identifying and overcoming control problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Lars Kristian

    2013-01-01

    Purpose – As public organizations strive for higher e-government maturity, information technology (IT) Project Portfolio Management (IT PPM) has become a high priority issue. Assuming control is central in IT PPM, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how a Danish local government conducts...... workshop, and analyses of documents. Findings – It is found that the local government relies vastly on informal control mechanisms and five control problems are identified: weak accountability processes between the political and administrative level; weak accountability between the director level...... the identified control problems. Research limitations/implications – As a single qualitative case study, the results are limited to one organization and subject. Practical implications – The paper has implications for IT PPM in Danish local governments and similar organizations in other countries. The paper...

  5. Comparison of Cursive Handwriting Instruction Programs among Students without Identified Problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shimel, Kristin; Candler, Catherine; Neville-Smith, Marsha

    2009-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cursive handwriting programs in improving letter legibility and form in third-grade students without identified handwriting problems. Four months into the school year, cursive handwriting was assessed for a sample of convenience of 50 third-grade students. Subsequently, students received…

  6. Study of a methodology of identifying important research problems by the PIRT process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aoki, Takayuki; Takagi, Toshiyuki; Urayama, Ryoichi; Komura, Ichiro; Furukawa, Takashi; Yusa, Noritaka

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we propose a new methodology of identifying important research problems to be solved to improve the performance of some specific scientific technologies by the phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) process which has been used as a methodology for demonstrating the validity of the best estimate simulation codes in US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) licensing of nuclear power plants. The new methodology makes it possible to identify important factors affecting the performance of the technologies from the viewpoint of the figure of merit and problems associated with them while it keeps the fundamental concepts of the original PIRT process. Also in this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methodology by applying it to a task of extracting research problems for improving an inspection accuracy of ultrasonic testing or eddy current testing in the inspection of objects having cracks due to fatigue or stress corrosion cracking. (author)

  7. A pilot study of pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox) for the treatment of patients with HPV16+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvarez, Ronald D; Huh, Warner K; Bae, Sejong; Lamb, Lawrence S; Conner, Michael G; Boyer, Jean; Wang, Chenguang; Hung, Chien-Fu; Sauter, Elizabeth; Paradis, Mihaela; Adams, Emily A; Hester, Shirley; Jackson, Bradford E; Wu, T C; Trimble, Cornelia L

    2016-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a plasmid vaccine, pNGVL4a-CRT-E7(detox), administered either intradermally, intramuscularly, or directly into the cervical lesion, in patients with HPV16-associated CIN2/3. Eligible patients with HPV16(+) CIN2/3 were enrolled in treatment cohorts evaluating pNGVL4a-CRT-E7(detox), administered by either particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED), intramuscular injection (IM), or cervical intralesional injection, at study weeks 0, 4, and 8. Patients were monitored for local injection site and systemic toxicity. A standard therapeutic resection was performed at week 15. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included histologic regression and change in cervical HPV viral load. Exploratory endpoints included immune responses in the blood and in the target tissue. Thirty-two patients with HPV16(+) CIN2/3 were enrolled onto the treatment phase of the study, and were vaccinated. Twenty-two of 32 patients (69%) experienced vaccine-specific related adverse events. The most frequent vaccine-related events were constitutional and local injection site in nature, and were grade 1 or less in severity. Histologic regression to CIN 1 or less occurred in 8 of 27 (30%) patients who received all vaccinations and underwent LEEP. In subject-matched comparisons, intraepithelial CD8+ T cell infiltrates increased after vaccination in subjects in the intralesional administration cohort. pNGVL4a-CRT-E7(detox) was well-tolerated, elicited the most robust immune response when administered intralesionally, and demonstrated preliminary evidence of potential clinical efficacy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Cinética da dissolução redutiva da goethita e hematita em solos poligenéticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inda Junior Alberto Vasconcellos

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available A cinética da dissolução redutiva da goethita e da hematita em solos poligenéticos foi avaliada por dois modelos matemáticos. O modelo Kabai descreveu a dissolução em um único segmento linear, não discriminando fases de um mesmo óxido ou de diferentes óxidos em cada amostra. A análise comparativa da estabilidade de cristais por este modelo somente pode ser realizada entre amostras distintas. O modelo Avrami-Erofejev descreveu a dissolução em mais de um segmento linear na maioria das amostras. Este modelo discriminou fases de um mesmo óxido e ofereceu condições para classificar o grau de estabilidade destes minerais dentro de cada amostra. Os modelos indicaram menor estabilidade da hematita em relação à goethita frente à dissolução redutiva, principalmente quando a última combinou baixa substituição por Al3+ e alta área superficial específica. A influência destes parâmetros mineralógicos na estabilidade dos cristais à dissolução redutiva mostrou ser dependente da abordagem matemática utilizada para determinar a cinética dissolutiva.

  9. Le retour de l’antique dans le cinéma italien moderne : de Warburg à Fellini et Pasolini

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne-Violaine Houcke

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available L’auteur se donne pour objectif de montrer en quoi il est légitime et fécond d’éclairer l’œuvre de ces deux cinéastes à la lumière des travaux d’Aby Warburg sur le Quattrocento ou sur les Hopis d’Amérique. La mise en évidence d’une identité de démarches entre l’historien de l’art et Fellini et Pasolini ouvre la perspective d’un renouvellement de la manière dont on aborde traditionnellement le rapport qu’entretiennent ces cinéastes avec le passé : le retour à l’Antiquité peut- être envisagé comme la forme d’une démarche visant à mettre au jour le retour de l’antique, entendu comme les formes symptomales d’un passé vivant dans le présent. Si Warburg ne s’est pas explicitement intéressé au cinéma, ses travaux sur l’image et les représentations ouvrent d’intéressantes perspectives sur la manière dont Fellini et Pasolini ont cherché à interroger leur propre moyen d’expression, via l’antique.I would like to show in this paper that it is legitimate and fruitful to consider Fellini’s and Pasolini’s works through Warburg’s studies of the Quattrocento or of the Hopis in America. The comparison of their methods paves the way for new perspectives on their relation to the past. Indeed, we may see the return to Antiquity in their works as a way to bring into light the return of the Antiquity, considered here as the symptomatic forms of a past still living in the present. Warburg was not particularly interested in cinema, but his work on the Image and on representations opens interesting perspectives on the way Fellini and Pasolini questioned their own means of expression, thanks to the Antiquity.

  10. Identifying the most informative variables for decision-making problems – a survey of recent approaches and accompanying problems

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Pudil, Pavel; Somol, Petr

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 16, č. 4 (2008), s. 37-55 ISSN 0572-3043 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0572 Grant - others:GA MŠk(CZ) 2C06019 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : variable selection * decision making Subject RIV: BD - Theory of Information http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2008/RO/pudil-identifying%20the%20most%20informative%20variables%20for%20decision- making %20problems%20a%20survey%20of%20recent%20approaches%20and%20accompanying%20problems.pdf

  11. Análise cinética da cura de adesivos de taninos das cascas de três espécies de Eucalyptus por calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mori Fábio Akira

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a cinética de cura de adesivos à base de taninos de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus urophylla por calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC, comparando-a com a cinética de cura de adesivos comerciais: fenol-formaldeído e de taninos de acácia-negra (Acacia mollissima D.Wild. Verificou-se que o adesivo de taninos de Eucalyptus urophylla apresentou os parâmetros cinéticos (energia de ativação, entalpia, temperatura de pico e ordem de reação mais próximos aos do adesivo comercial de taninos de acácia-negra, que foram totalmente diferentes do adesivo à base de fenol-formaldeído. Com base nestes parâmetros constatou-se que, em relação aos outros dois, o adesivo de taninos de Eucalyptus urophylla é o mais adequado para colagem, uma vez que em condições industriais ele necessitará de uso mínimo de energia e de tempo de prensagem durante o processo de colagem.

  12. Deux ou trois choses que nous savons d’eux : publics de cinéma Two or Three Things We Know About Them: A Few Reflections About Movie Audience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christophe Trebuil

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Quiconque a poussé les portes d’une salle obscure a une idée de ce que font des individus lorsqu’ils vont au cinéma : les atermoiements dans le choix du film, l’attente avant l’achat de la place, l’entrée dans la salle, le placement vis-à-vis de l’écran, l’attention ou la désinvolture face aux images, l’entracte (selon les pays et les périodes et la sortie. Au cours de ces actions, l’établissement cinématographique devient un espace de sociabilité comparable à d’autres (café, restaurant, gar...

  13. Le cinéma indonésien, miroir déformant d’une société en mutation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean-Baptiste Bing

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Élément majeur de la vie culturelle des jeunes urbains des classes moyennes ou aisées, le cinéma indonésien est l’œuvre de réalisateurs pour qui ce marché national représente la cible principale. Leurs films se penchent donc sur des sujets qui concernent au premier chef ce public. Par-delà une simple traduction-reformulation qui ne serait qu’un reflet de leurs interrogations et de leurs désirs, ces œuvres contribuent à les légitimer et à leur apporter des réponses. Profitant de la libéralisation des droits d’expression qui a accompagné le processus de démocratisation, le cinéma indonésien (vu ici à travers six exemples a ainsi mis en scène et discuté différentes tensions et incertitudes qui traversent la société indonésienne : place des cultures locales face au national-modernisme de Jakarta, place de l’islam dans la société et autres attraction-répulsion pour les grands courants mondiaux qui remettent en cause les traditions héritées.

  14. Islam, judaïsme et cinéma. Interdits religieux, questionnements identitaires Islam, Judaism and cinema

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sabine Salhab

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available La méfiance traditionnelle des monothéismes vis-à-vis des images par crainte de l’idolâtrie n’empêche pas le développement du cinéma au sein de sociétés majoritairement juives ou musulmanes dès le début du XXe siècle. Dans le monde à majorité musulmane, la représentation des figures coraniques reste le tabou ultime qui empêche l’émergence d’un véritable cinéma religieux, malgré quelques tentatives ponctuelles. Les communautés juives d’Europe et des Etats-Unis réalisent quant à elles de nombreux films yiddish entre 1910 et 1950. La notion de film juif ou musulman au sens esthétique du terme, interrogée dans cet article, se révèle insuffisante pour cerner ces œuvres complexes.The traditional distrust of monotheism towards images by fear of idolatry did not prevent the development of cinema in Jewish or Muslim societies at the beginning of the 20th century. Despite some attempts, an Islamic religious cinema never emerged in the predominantly Muslim world since the representation of Coranic figures remains the ultimate taboo. Jewish communities in Europe and the United States produced many Yiddish films between 1910 and 1950. The aesthetic notion of Muslim or Jewish film, explored in this article, appears to be unsufficient to define these complex works.

  15. Estudio de la cinética de oxidación de la superaleación MA 956 M

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-Alonso, C.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available This work deals with the oxidation kinetics of the MA 956 superalloy in the temperature range of 800-1,200°C for up to 200 h exposure. During oxidation the alloy develops a fine, compact and very well adhered α-alumina layer, the thickness of which increases with increasing time and temperature. The oxidation kinetics obeys a subparabolic type behaviour. The scale growth seems to occur by two different oxidation mechanisms; above 1,050°C, the oxidation process would be controlled by α-alumina, and below 900°C by γ-alumina.

    Se estudia la cinética de oxidación de la superaleación MA 956 en el intervalo de temperaturas 800-1.200°C durante tiempos de tratamiento de hasta 200 h. Durante la oxidación, se forma una capa de alúmina fina, densa y muy bien adherida cuyo espesor aumenta al aumentar el tiempo y la temperatura. La cinética de oxidación puede describirse mediante una ley de tipo subparabólico. El crecimiento de la capa de alúmina en el intervalo de temperaturas estudiado parece estar controlado por dos mecanismos distintos; por encima de 1.050°C se forma alúmina α y por debajo de los 900ºC alúmina γ.

  16. 2010 drug packaging review: identifying problems to prevent errors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-06-01

    Prescrire's analyses showed that the quality of drug packaging in 2010 still left much to be desired. Potentially dangerous packaging remains a significant problem: unclear labelling is source of medication errors; dosing devices for some psychotropic drugs create a risk of overdose; child-proof caps are often lacking; and too many patient information leaflets are misleading or difficult to understand. Everything that is needed for safe drug packaging is available; it is now up to regulatory agencies and drug companies to act responsibly. In the meantime, health professionals can help their patients by learning to identify the pitfalls of drug packaging and providing safe information to help prevent medication errors.

  17. Identifying the cause of intermittent problems in diagnostic X-ray machines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Addison, S.J.; O'Brien, M.J.; Robb, D.B.

    1987-01-01

    Quality assurance testing and performance evaluation of radiologic x-ray equipment is an important part of producing acceptable diagnostic quality images with minimum patient exposure. Regulatory and advisory agencies provide guidance for performing these tests, but it is often only obvious problems which are detected without extensive investigation. It is desirable for the Health Physicist to be able to determine the cause of an intermittent ''bad film'' with a minimum of test equipment. This paper relates some significant performance anomalies which have been identified in diagnostic x-ray equipment from installations in the Seattle area. Many of these problems eluded manufacturer's service personnel. Also included is a description of simple steps which can be included in test procedures to detect these equipment irregularities

  18. Identifying problems and generating recommendations for enhancing complex systems: applying the abstraction hierarchy framework as an analytical tool.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Wei

    2007-12-01

    This study adopts J. Rasmussen's (1985) abstraction hierarchy (AH) framework as an analytical tool to identify problems and pinpoint opportunities to enhance complex systems. The process of identifying problems and generating recommendations for complex systems using conventional methods is usually conducted based on incompletely defined work requirements. As the complexity of systems rises, the sheer mass of data generated from these methods becomes unwieldy to manage in a coherent, systematic form for analysis. There is little known work on adopting a broader perspective to fill these gaps. AH was used to analyze an aircraft-automation system in order to further identify breakdowns in pilot-automation interactions. Four steps follow: developing an AH model for the system, mapping the data generated by various methods onto the AH, identifying problems based on the mapped data, and presenting recommendations. The breakdowns lay primarily with automation operations that were more goal directed. Identified root causes include incomplete knowledge content and ineffective knowledge structure in pilots' mental models, lack of effective higher-order functional domain information displayed in the interface, and lack of sufficient automation procedures for pilots to effectively cope with unfamiliar situations. The AH is a valuable analytical tool to systematically identify problems and suggest opportunities for enhancing complex systems. It helps further examine the automation awareness problems and identify improvement areas from a work domain perspective. Applications include the identification of problems and generation of recommendations for complex systems as well as specific recommendations regarding pilot training, flight deck interfaces, and automation procedures.

  19. Human papillomavirus in invasive cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and 3 in Venezuela: a cross-sectional study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-Lander, Jorge; Cortiñas, Paula; Loureiro, Carmen Luisa; Pujol, Flor Helene; Medina, Francisco; Capote-Negrín, Luis; Bianchi, Gino; García-Barriola, Victoria; Ruiz-Benni, Angela; Avilán-Rovira, José; Acosta, Humberto

    2012-10-01

    This study investigated the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in invasive cervical cancer (ICC), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) in Venezuela. Paraffin-embedded samples from 329 women from 29 medical centers of the 24 states of Venezuela were analyzed to determine the distribution of HPV types for ICC, CIN2, and CIN3, the prevalence of single and multiple infection, and the association of HPV types with severity of lesion, comparing CIN2 versus CIN3+ (CIN3 and ICC). The samples were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by reverse hybridization for the identification of HPV types. HPV was identified in 95/96 ICC specimens (98.9%), in 142/149 CIN3 (95.3%) and in 78/84 CIN2 samples (92.8%). The most common types for ICC and CIN3 were: HPV16, 18, 31, and 33, and for CIN2 were HPV16, 31, 51, 52, and 18. HPV single infection was found in 82.1% of ICC cases, in 79.4% of CIN2 cases, and in 77.4% of CIN3 cases. HPV16 was identified as a single infection more frequently in women with CIN3+ than in those with CIN2 (68.6% versus 46.7%, P=0.002), and HPV16 or HPV18 types were more prevalent in CIN3+ than in CIN2 (73.4% versus 50%, P=0.0006). this is the first study of the distribution of HPV types in ICC, CIN2, and CIN3 conducted throughout the territory of Venezuela. HPV16 and HPV18 were the most frequent HPV types identified in single and multiple infections in both ICC and CIN3 groups, and are associated with severity of lesion. The knowledge of the distribution of HPV types would allow organization of an HPV-DNA-based screening test, and consideration of the implementation of prophylactic vaccination in Venezuela. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Precipitación de sulfuros metálicos a partir de licor residual ácido: modelos y ecuaciones cinéticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Garrido-Rodríguez

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Con el fin de complementar el estudio termodinámico de la precipitación de sulfuros metálicos en licor residual ácido, la presente investigación tuvo el propósito de obtener los modelos y las ecuaciones cinéticas. Se utilizó para ello la metodología propuesta por Dobrojotov & Rodríguez, la cual, a partir del método gráfico, permite determinar los exponentes empíricos y las ecuaciones y modelos cinéticos que caracterizan de forma particular la influencia de diferentes variables sobre la velocidad del proceso de precipitación y rigen el comportamiento de las distintas especies metálicas. Los modelos y ecuaciones obtenidas establecen la dependencia entre la velocidad del proceso de precipitación de sulfuros en el licor residual ácido de la tecnología de lixiviación ácida a presión y las variables temperatura, velocidad de agitación y concentración de agente precipitante (hidrogenosulfuro de sodio para las especies metálicas cobre, zinc, cobalto y níquel

  1. Histoire, mémoire et fiction dans le cinéma américain contemporain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elie Yazbek

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Le rapport entre l’Histoire et le cinéma, soit entre une référence du passé et sa représentation écranique reste un sujet qui fascine. Cependant, l’étude de ce rapport sans référence au récepteur, donc au spectateur, ne permet pas de cerner tous les tenants et les aboutissants de ce sujet car elle occulte ainsi la problématique de la mémoire spectatorielle et de sa position face à un événement spécifique et, surtout, face à l’image de cet événement. Cette étude se penche sur la question essentielle du rapport qu’entretiennent l’Histoire, sa représentation au cinéma et le positionnement du spectateur au sein d’un dispositif qui fait appel à ses affects, à son « flot mémoriel », à ses souvenirs, dispositif qui tente de palier à « l’oubli » qui est l’une des caractéristiques de la mémoire.The relation between cinema and history, between the past as we know it and its representation on the screen is a fascinating subject. However, inducing this topic without a reference to the viewer cannot be as complete as it should be because it neglects the problematical theme of the spectator’s memory, his situation facing a specific event and in front of the image of this event. This essential issue about the connection between history, its representation in films and the condition of the viewer involved into a scheme in which his “ memory flow”, emotions, and souvenirs are concerned, a scheme trying to replace the elapsed memories, is the subject if this essay.

  2. The struggling reader: Identifying and addressing reading problems successfully at an early stage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Le Cordeur, Michael

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The standard of reading of learners in the intermediate phase is cause for considerable concern. In this article, the intermediate phase refers to grades 4, 5 and 6 (roughly ages 10 – 12. According to the 2008 Evaluation Assessment Tests for Reading, only 15% of learners in Grade 6 achieved the required literacy level. Clearly, reading achievement is a problem in South Africa. Although approximately 4% of any given population experience neurological reading problems, the focus of this article is on the significant number of learners in the intermediate phase who experience reading problems and the generic causes of reading problems for learners in general. The intent is to alert teachers and parents to the characteristics of a struggling reader so that the problem can be identified and addressed early. Firstly, ways in which learning problems are manifested are described. Secondly, a discussion of various types of reading problems, of which four, namely poor reading comprehension, inadequate reading fluency, a lack of vocabulary and a negative attitude towards reading, are discussed in depth. Strategies for struggling readers are presented and recommendations are made. The conclusion is that learners who experience reading problems can learn to read successfully when given the necessary support.

  3. Towards a conceptual framework for identifying student difficulties with solving Real-World Problems in Physics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Niss, Martin

    2012-01-01

    This paper develops a conceptual framework for identifying the challenges and obstacles university students encounter when solving real-world problems involving Physics. The framework is based on viewing problem solving as a modelling process. In order to solve a real-world problem, the problem...... solver has to go through the steps and do the tasks of such a process. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of what it takes to solve three real-world problems, demonstrating how the framework presented captures the essential aspects of solving them. Moreover, it is argued that three steps critical...... for real-world problem solving – initial analysis of the problem situation, choice of relevant physical theory (the so-called paradigmatic choice) and mathematization – are not covered by existing models of problem solving in Physics. Finally, the existing research on student difficulties with problem...

  4. 4Cin: A computational pipeline for 3D genome modeling and virtual Hi-C analyses from 4C data.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ibai Irastorza-Azcarate

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The use of 3C-based methods has revealed the importance of the 3D organization of the chromatin for key aspects of genome biology. However, the different caveats of the variants of 3C techniques have limited their scope and the range of scientific fields that could benefit from these approaches. To address these limitations, we present 4Cin, a method to generate 3D models and derive virtual Hi-C (vHi-C heat maps of genomic loci based on 4C-seq or any kind of 4C-seq-like data, such as those derived from NG Capture-C. 3D genome organization is determined by integrative consideration of the spatial distances derived from as few as four 4C-seq experiments. The 3D models obtained from 4C-seq data, together with their associated vHi-C maps, allow the inference of all chromosomal contacts within a given genomic region, facilitating the identification of Topological Associating Domains (TAD boundaries. Thus, 4Cin offers a much cheaper, accessible and versatile alternative to other available techniques while providing a comprehensive 3D topological profiling. By studying TAD modifications in genomic structural variants associated to disease phenotypes and performing cross-species evolutionary comparisons of 3D chromatin structures in a quantitative manner, we demonstrate the broad potential and novel range of applications of our method.

  5. Development of a clinician reputation metric to identify appropriate problem-medication pairs in a crowdsourced knowledge base.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCoy, Allison B; Wright, Adam; Rogith, Deevakar; Fathiamini, Safa; Ottenbacher, Allison J; Sittig, Dean F

    2014-04-01

    Correlation of data within electronic health records is necessary for implementation of various clinical decision support functions, including patient summarization. A key type of correlation is linking medications to clinical problems; while some databases of problem-medication links are available, they are not robust and depend on problems and medications being encoded in particular terminologies. Crowdsourcing represents one approach to generating robust knowledge bases across a variety of terminologies, but more sophisticated approaches are necessary to improve accuracy and reduce manual data review requirements. We sought to develop and evaluate a clinician reputation metric to facilitate the identification of appropriate problem-medication pairs through crowdsourcing without requiring extensive manual review. We retrieved medications from our clinical data warehouse that had been prescribed and manually linked to one or more problems by clinicians during e-prescribing between June 1, 2010 and May 31, 2011. We identified measures likely to be associated with the percentage of accurate problem-medication links made by clinicians. Using logistic regression, we created a metric for identifying clinicians who had made greater than or equal to 95% appropriate links. We evaluated the accuracy of the approach by comparing links made by those physicians identified as having appropriate links to a previously manually validated subset of problem-medication pairs. Of 867 clinicians who asserted a total of 237,748 problem-medication links during the study period, 125 had a reputation metric that predicted the percentage of appropriate links greater than or equal to 95%. These clinicians asserted a total of 2464 linked problem-medication pairs (983 distinct pairs). Compared to a previously validated set of problem-medication pairs, the reputation metric achieved a specificity of 99.5% and marginally improved the sensitivity of previously described knowledge bases. A

  6. Study of a methodology of identifying important research problems by the PIRT process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aoki, Takayuki; Takagi, Toshiyuki; Urayama, Ryoichi; Komura, Ichiro; Furukawa, Takashi; Yusa, Noritaka

    2013-01-01

    In this paper, we propose a new methodology of identifying important research problems to be solved to improve the performance of some specific scientific technologies by the phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) process, which has been used as a methodology for demonstrating the validity of the best estimate simulation codes in USNRC licensing of nuclear power plants. It keeps the fundamental concepts of the original PIRT process but makes it possible to identify important factors affecting the performance of the technologies from the viewpoint of the figure of merit and problems associated with them, which need to be solved to improve the performance. Also in this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method by showing a specific example of the application to physical events or phenomena in objects having fatigue or SCC crack(s) under ultrasonic testing and eddy current testing. (author)

  7. Transforming local government by project portfolio management: Identifying and overcoming control problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Lars Kristian

    2013-01-01

    Purpose – As public organizations strive for higher e-government maturity, information technology (IT) Project Portfolio Management (IT PPM) has become a high priority issue. Assuming control is central in IT PPM, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how a Danish local government conducts...... to understand how local governments can improve IT PPM. Keywords IT project portfolio management, E-government, Control theory, Control problems, Formal mechanisms, Informal mechanisms, Local government, Denmark...... control in IT PPM. The authors identify control problems and formulate recommendations to address these. Design/methodology/approach – Adopting principles from Engaged Scholarship, the authors have conducted a case study using a wide variety of data collection methods, including 29 interviews, one...

  8. Images documentaires dans le récit décolonisateur. Le cinéma politique latino-américain des années 60 et 70

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Sel

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Cet article évalue l’apport au genre documentaire du Nouveau Cinéma Latino-américain des années soixante et soixante-dix. Dépassant l’opposition fiction-réalité, le Nouveau Cinéma Latino-américain promeut un cinéma de critique sociale grâce à des récits dont les formes varient, mais qui tous contestent la réalité de la domination impérialiste et plaident pour une réhabilitation des cultures et des identités réprimées. Ces nouveaux créateurs, engagés dans la lutte de libération de leurs peuples, sont à l’origine d’ « œuvres ouvertes », destinées à être poursuivies et achevées par l’action des nouveaux spectateurs latino-américains.El artículo aborda la incidencia del documental en el Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de las décadas del ’60 y principios de los ’70. Superando la dicotomía ficción-realidad, y en una gran diversidad de discursos, el Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano impulsó un cine crítico, de sentido social, en relatos que niegan la realidad de la dominación imperialista y proponen recuperar culturas e identidades colectivas avasalladas. Estos nuevos enunciadores comprometidos con las luchas de liberación de sus pueblos, crearon “obras abiertas” que se completarían y articularían con la acción de nuevos espectadores latinoamericanos.

  9. Cinética de secagem de vagens de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora SW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. P. S. Nascimento

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a cinética de secagem de vagens de algaroba em secador convectivo, nas temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80 °C. A secagem foi conduzida em camada fina, em um secador com circulação de ar, onde as vagens foram colocados em um recipiente de alumínio, medindo 20 mm de comprimento e 10 mm de largura, com capacidade de aproximadamente 10 g. Para representar o comportamento cinético da secagem foram utilizados os modelos matemáticos de Page, Henderson & Pabis e Exponencial de Dois Termos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a secagem das vagens de algaroba ocorreu durante o período de taxa decrescente e é influenciada pela ação da temperatura, ou seja, ao aumentar a temperatura de secagem tem-se uma diminuição no tempo de estabilização, podendo este processo ser representado pelos três modelos matemáticos estudados, sendo o modelo Exponencial de Dois Termos o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais apresentando coeficiente de determinação superior a 99,8% e desvios quadráticos médios menores que 0,05.Drying kinetics of pods of algaroba (Prosopis juliflora SWAbstract: The objective of this work was to study the drying kinetics of algaroba pods in convective dryer at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C. The drying was carried out in thin layer in a circulating air dryer where the beans were placed in a fine mesh metal container measuring 20 mm long and 10 mm wide, with a capacity of approximately 10 g. To represent the kinetics of drying the mathematical models of Page, Henderson and Pabis and Exponential of Two Terms were tested. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that the drying of algaroba pods occurs during falling rate period and is influenced by the action of temperature, in other words, by increasing the drying temperature has been a decrease in settling time, this process can be represented by the three mathematical models considered, being the Exponential

  10. Análisis de estabilidad del reactor PFTR para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizando la funcional de Lyapunov

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Armando Durán Peralta

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Abunda la literatura referente al análisis de estabilidad de reactores con parámetros globalizados de concentración y temperatura (por ejemplo el CSTR, en cambio es escasa la literatura sobre la estabilidad de reactores con parámetros distribuidos donde existe distribución espacial de concentración y temperatura, como es el caso del reactor tubular PFTR. Este documento analiza la estabilidad del reactor PFTR isotérmico y no isotérmico para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizando la funcional de Lyapunov. Se trabaja con una cinética de primer orden pues un objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo se aplica la funcional de Lyapunov al análisis de un reactor de parámetros distribuidos, dado que es casi inexistente la literatura sobre el método de la funcional de Lyapunov aplicada a la estabilidad de reactores (técnica usada en el análisis de estabilidad de sistemas en ingeniería eléctrica. El análisis de estabilidad dio como resultado perfiles de temperatura y concentración asintóticamente estables para los casos PFTR isotérmico, no isotérmico con constante cinética independiente de la temperatura y PFTR no isotérmico adiabático. Para el PFTR con retiro de calor el análisis condujo a una región de estabilidad asintótica y a una región incierta donde puede o no haber oscilaciones.

  11. Novel Somatic Copy Number Alteration Identified for Cervical Cancer in the Mexican American Population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alireza Torabi

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Cervical cancer affects millions of Americans, but the rate for cervical cancer in the Mexican American is approximately twice that for non-Mexican Americans. The etiologies of cervical cancer are still not fully understood. A number of somatic mutations, including several copy number alterations (CNAs, have been identified in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinomas in non-Mexican Americans. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate CNAs in association with cervical cancer in the Mexican American population. We conducted a pilot study of genome-wide CNA analysis using 2.5 million markers in four diagnostic groups: reference (n = 125, low grade dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-I, n = 4, high grade dysplasia (CIN-II and -III, n = 5 and invasive carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 5 followed by data analyses using Partek. We observed a statistically-significant difference of CNA burden between case and reference groups of different sizes (>100 kb, 10–100 kb and 1–10 kb of CNAs that included deletions and amplifications, e.g., a statistically-significant difference of >100 kb deletions was observed between the reference (6.6% and pre-cancer and cancer (91.3% groups. Recurrent aberrations of 98 CNA regions were also identified in cases only. However, none of the CNAs have an impact on cancer progression. A total of 32 CNA regions identified contained tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Moreover, the pathway analysis revealed endometrial cancer and estrogen signaling pathways associated with this cancer (p < 0.05 using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG. This is the first report of CNAs identified for cervical cancer in the U.S. Latino population using high density markers. We are aware of the small sample size in the study. Thus, additional studies with a larger sample are needed to confirm the current findings.

  12. Women, war and cinema, 1939-1945: blitz on gender stereotypes? Femmes, guerre et cinéma au Royaume-Uni de 1939 à 1945 : une remise en question radicale des stéréotypes liés au genre ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth de Cacqueray

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available La Deuxième Guerre mondiale constitue une période clé, au Royaume-Uni, dans l’histoire des femmes et de leur représentation cinématographique. A travers l’analyse de chiffres officiels concernant les femmes et l’emploi pendant la guerre cet article montre à quel point les femmes jouaient un rôle essentiel dans l’« effort de guerre ». Il examine ensuite quelles réponses le cinéma a apporté par rapport à cet appel aux femmes, mettant en avant à l’écran les nouveaux rôles sollicités auprès des femmes mais aussi, parfois, continuant à appuyer des attitudes plus traditionnelles. En analysant une grande variété de films produits pendant la guerre, de genres cinématographiques différents – films de fiction, documentaires, films émanant des forces armées – on est témoin de l’émergence d’un nouveau type d’héroïne cinématographique, l’« héroïne de guerre », innovatrice dans le courage et l’esprit d’initiative dont elle peut faire preuve mais, en fin de compte, respectueuse des frontières des rôles traditionnels associés aux genres masculins et féminin. En conclusion, l’article se demande dans quelle mesure ces rôles cinématographiques innovateurs dans le domaine du genre ont pu se perpétuer dans la période d’après guerre.

  13. Strictly positive solutions for one-dimensional nonlinear problems involving the p-Laplacian

    OpenAIRE

    Kaufmann, Uriel; Medri, Ivan

    2013-01-01

    Let $\\Omega$ be a bounded open interval, and let $p>1$ and $q\\in\\left(0,p-1\\right) $. Let $m\\in L^{p^{\\prime}}\\left(\\Omega\\right) $ and $0\\leq c\\in L^{\\infty}\\left(\\Omega\\right) $. We study existence of strictly positive solutions for elliptic problems of the form $-\\left(\\left\\| u^{\\prime}\\right\\|^{p-2}u^{\\prime}\\right) ^{\\prime}+c\\left(x\\right) u^{p-1}=m\\left(x\\right) u^{q}$ in $\\Omega$, $u=0$ on $\\partial\\Omega$. We mention that our results are new even in the case $c\\equiv0$.

  14. Pour une conception hybride de la fiction : l’adaptation de L’Amérique de Kafka entre littérature et cinéma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandro Leiduan

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Lorsqu’il porte à l’écran, dans son film Intervista (1987, quelques épisodes du roman L’Amérique de Kafka (1927, Fellini réalise une adaptation qui a peu d’équivalents dans l’histoire du cinéma : les scènes inspirées du roman de Kafka sont tournées à partir des essais que le réalisateur fait passer à des acteurs non-professionnels pour tester leur aptitude à faire partie du casting (scènes que le jargon des cinéastes appelle « bouts d’essai ». Expérimentale au cinéma, cette démarche est très courante en littérature : innombrables sont les fictions qui essaient de passer pour ce qu’elles ne sont pas (romans se présentant sous la forme d’un recueil de lettres, d’un journal intime, d’un récit de voyage. Notre article plaide en faveur d’un réexamen des rapports entre le cinéma de Fellini et la littérature à l’aune d’une perspective attentive, non seulement aux similitudes repérables au niveau du sujet, mais aussi, et surtout, au niveau de la forme.Quando porta sullo schermo, nel film Intervista (1987, alcuni episodi del romanzo L’America di Kafka (1927, Fellini realizza un adattamento cinematografico che ha pochi eguali nella storia del cinema: le scene ispirate al romanzo di Kafka sono girate a partire da provini che il regista fa passare ad attori non-professionisti per vedere se sono idonei o no a far parte del casting (scene che, nel gergo cinematografico francese, si chiamano: “bouts d’essai”. Sperimentale al cinema, questa prassi è assai corrente in letteratura: innumerevoli sono le opere letterarie che si fanno passare per ciò che non sono (romanzi che si presentano come una raccolta di lettere, come un diario autobiografico, come un resoconto di viaggio. Il nostro articolo vorrebbe gettare le basi per un riesame dei rapporti tra il cinema di Fellini e la letteratura alla luce di una prospettiva capace di cogliere le similitudini che intercorrono tra l’universo felliniano

  15. Evaluation of adjunctive HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II® in women with minor cytological abnormalities for the diagnosis of CIN2/3 and cost comparison with colposcopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kyi May S

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background As a proportion of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3 are associated with equivocal cervical smears, which show borderline or mild dyskaryosis, follow up with repeat smears, colposcopy and biopsy is required. Since infection with oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus (HR HPV has been found to be associated with the development of cervical cancer, HRHPV testing appears to be an alternative. Objective The present study assesses if HRHPV testing can predict CIN2/3 in women referred for mild dyskaryosis and borderline cytological changes in an health authority with a referral policy to colposcopy after one single mild dyskaryotic Pap smear. Study design The HPV DNA Hybrid Capture II (Digene/Abbott, Maidenhead was evaluated on 110 consenting women with mild dyskaryosis and 23 women with persistent borderline changes, who were referred for colposcopy between May and November 2001. A cost comparison between two referral policies was performed. Results CIN2/3 was diagnosed histologically in 30 of 133 women (22% with minor cytological abnormalities. As the Receiver Operator Characteristics plot suggested a cut-off of 3 pg/ml the HRHPV HCII was evaluated at 3 RLU (relative light units and at the manufacturer's recommendation of 1 RLU. At both cut-offs sensitivity and negative predictive value were high at 97%. Specificity was low at 37% at a cut-off of 1 pg/ml and 46% at a cut-off of 3 RLU. To remain cost neutral in comparison to immediate colposcopy the costs for one HR HPV HC II must not exceed £34.37 per test at a cut off of 3 pg/ml. Conclusion The negative likelihood ratio (NLR was of good diagnostic value with 0.089 at 1 RLU and 0.072 at 3 RLU, which reduces the post-test probability for CIN2/3 to 2% in this population. Women with minor cytological disorders can be excluded from colposcopy on a negative HR HPV result. Specificity can be improved by restricting HR HPV testing to women with persistent borderline

  16. Atividade antifúngica e cinética de morte microbiana de extratos obtidos de Streptomyces spp. isolados de solos paraibanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thompson Lopes de Oliveira

    Full Text Available Foram coletadas sessenta e oito amostras em diferentes solos paraibanos, com o isolamento de quarenta e nove cepas de Streptomyces spp. Após triagem antimicrobiana, por meio da técnica de difusão em meio sólido com blocos de agar, foram preparados os extratos dos microrganismos produtores de metabólitos bioativos, respectivamente cepas SP1 e SP3, e em seguida avaliados quanto a atividade antifúngica frente a espécies de fungos filamentosos de origem clínica e ATCC. O antagonismo foi determinado através dos ensaios de difusão com discos em meio sólido, microdiluição e cinética de morte microbiana. Os halos de inibição obtidos a partir dos extratos Sp-1 e Sp-3 apresentaram efeito antagônico com valores superiores aos halos de inibição promovidos pela droga controle, frequentemente utilizada na terapêutica antifúngica. Os resultados das concentrações inibitórias mínimas na microdiluição foram expressivos com valores fungicidas variando entre 10 mg e 0,078125 mg. Na cinética de morte microbiana, as atividades dos extratos Sp-1 e Sp-3 resultaram em dados estatisticamente significativos frente às cepas testes.

  17. Firing properties of identified interneuron populations in the mammalian hindlimb central pattern generator

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Butt, S. J B; Harris-Warrick, Ronald M.; Kiehn, Ole

    2002-01-01

    a heterogenous population with neurons that fired in all phases of the locomotor cycle and exhibited varying degrees of rhythmicity, from strongly rhythmic to nonrhythmic. Among the rhythmic, putative CPG dCINs were populations that fired inphase with the ipsilateral or with the contralateral L2 locomotorlike......, with little direct contribution from the intrinsic pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated inward current. For both ipsilaterally and contralaterally firing dCINs the dominant synaptic drive was in-phase with the ipsilateral L2 motor activity. This study provides the first characterization of putative CPG...

  18. Rock disposal problems identified

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knox, R

    1978-06-01

    Mathematical models are the only way of examining the return of radioactivity from nuclear waste to the environment over long periods of time. Work in Britain has helped identify areas where more basic data is required, but initial results look very promising for final disposal of high level waste in hard rock repositories. A report by the National Radiological Protection Board of a recent study, is examined.

  19. Une esthétique de « la mort au foyer » dans le système de réaménagement filial du cinéma de Pedro Almodovar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudine Le Pallec Marand

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available « Un père n’est pas toujours la solution » Qu’est ce que j’ai fait pour mériter ça ? (1984« Tu dois apprendre à gérer autrement tes problèmes avec les hommes. » Talons aiguilles (19911. Introduction de la perspective féministe dans la figure criminelle au cinéma et la criminologieLa figure criminelle au cinéma participe de la diffusion culturelle de théories scientifiques en cours selon la pérennité de la démonstration de l’ouvrage de Marc Renneville sur la représentation culturelle du coup...

  20. Uma definição natural de energia cinética e potencial em termodinâmica

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira,G.F. Leal

    2007-01-01

    Na tentativa de tornar a termodinâmica mais familiar e sem violação do seu formalismo, define-se a partir de expressão do diferencial da energia, já incorporando as conseqüências da 2 Lei, o diferencial da energia cinética como associado às variações de temperatura a volume constante e o de energia potencial às de volume, à temperatura constante. A comparação entre os diferenciais é realizada pela normalização das variações de temperatura e de volume às de pressão. Ver-se-á que na fase gasosa...

  1. Estudio cinético del agotamiento de colorantes reactivos en tricomía en fibras de algodón

    OpenAIRE

    Parra Osorio, Hernán Julio; Parra Osorio, Hernán Julio

    2010-01-01

    Este estudio de investigación se desarrolla debido a la necesidad de contar con herramientas para hacer un análisis más eficiente del proceso de agotamiento de colorantes reactivos en la tintura del algodón. Dicho estudio nos llevará a predecir la tendencia en forma cuantitativa del nivel de difusión, absorción y reacción del color, y poder así determinar cuál es su comportamiento cinético durante el proceso de tintura. El estudio es corroborado con simulaciones de tintura experimenta...

  2. Cinéma et lien : une enquête intime auprès d'une famille italienne en Lorraine

    OpenAIRE

    Froger, Marion; Tullio, Émilie

    2012-01-01

    Au cours de ces dix dernières années, deux chercheurs français – Fabrice Montebello et Jean-Marc Leveratto – se sont intéressés aux rapports qu'entretiennent les ouvriers lorrains d'origine italienne avec le cinéma et aux pratiques sociales qui en découlent. Nous nous proposons de poursuivre ce travail d’enquête. En procédant à des entretiens approfondis avec les membres d’une même famille à la culture essentiellement audiovisuelle, nous retracerons leur mémoire de spectateurs issus des commu...

  3. Quand la folie meurtrière fait son cinéma : de Nosferatu au tueur sans visage

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marc Renneville

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Le crime est omniprésent dans les fictions cinématographiques produites depuis un siècle. Il traverse tous les genres, du peplum au thriller, du western au film catastrophe, du film de gangster au fantastique, du drame psychologique à la science-fiction... Le fou meurtrier occupe dans cet espace une place de plus en plus prépondérante, si l’on en juge par les succès des films comme Shining (1980, Basic Instinct (1992 ou From Hell (2002. Le phénomène se concentre depuis peu sur les tueurs e...

  4. Estudio cinético de una fermentación alcohólica utilizando miel de abejas como sustrato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ángel Gómez

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo describe un estudio cinético de una fermentación alcohólica utilizando miel de abejas como sustrato; para este efecto se realizaron nueve fermentaciones en proceso discontinuo con un volumen, de 10 L, siguiendo el comportamiento de las concentraciones de sustrato, biomasa y producto en el tiempo. Se evaluó la conveniencia de factores como la agitación y la adición de nutrientes, además, se observa el efecto de las concentraciones iniciales de sustrato e inocula y el tipo de miel.

  5. Radiologists' knowledge and perceptions of the impact of contrast-induced nephropathy and its risk factors when performing computed tomography examinations: A survey of European radiologists

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reddan, Donal; Fishman, Elliot K.

    2008-01-01

    Background: The past decade has seen a proliferation in the number of CT procedures. As increasing numbers of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities undergo contrast media (CM)-enhanced procedures, more patients are at risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Objectives: To understand whether radiologists are sufficiently aware of the incidence, impact and risk factors of CIN, and whether they are taking sufficient measures to prevent CIN among patients undergoing CT. Materials and methods: A telephone or online survey was conducted in 2005 with 509 radiologists from 10 European countries. Participants had a minimum of 3 years' experience and performed at least 50 CT scans per week. Results: Most (88%) radiologists believed that CIN is an important issue. While 45% identify that a patient is experiencing CIN when the serum creatinine level increases >25% (0.5 mg/dL) from baseline within 48 h, the remainder used criteria that might lead to significant under-diagnosis. Most (72%) radiologists believed that CIN is associated with increased morbidity; 56% did not believe that it is associated with increased mortality. Most respondents agreed that pre-existing renal impairment (97%), dehydration (90%) and diabetes (89%) were risk factors for CIN; however, 26%, 30% and 46%, respectively, did not identify advanced age, CM dose or congestive cardiac failure as risk factors. Only 7% of radiologists thought they were always made aware of CIN associated with their cases and 28% never consulted a nephrologist to discuss patients at risk of CIN or who had developed CIN. Conclusion: There is highly variable awareness of the definition, impact and risk factors for CIN among European radiologists. Data regarding the importance of CIN in CT are limited. Improved efforts are required to better educate radiologists and referring physicians and to institute appropriate protocols to identify at-risk patients and prevent CIN

  6. Radiologists' knowledge and perceptions of the impact of contrast-induced nephropathy and its risk factors when performing computed tomography examinations: A survey of European radiologists

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reddan, Donal [University College Galway Hospitals, Unit 7, Merlin Park Hospital, Galway (Ireland)], E-mail: donal.reddan@mailn.hse.ie; Fishman, Elliot K. [Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (United States)

    2008-05-15

    Background: The past decade has seen a proliferation in the number of CT procedures. As increasing numbers of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities undergo contrast media (CM)-enhanced procedures, more patients are at risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Objectives: To understand whether radiologists are sufficiently aware of the incidence, impact and risk factors of CIN, and whether they are taking sufficient measures to prevent CIN among patients undergoing CT. Materials and methods: A telephone or online survey was conducted in 2005 with 509 radiologists from 10 European countries. Participants had a minimum of 3 years' experience and performed at least 50 CT scans per week. Results: Most (88%) radiologists believed that CIN is an important issue. While 45% identify that a patient is experiencing CIN when the serum creatinine level increases >25% (0.5 mg/dL) from baseline within 48 h, the remainder used criteria that might lead to significant under-diagnosis. Most (72%) radiologists believed that CIN is associated with increased morbidity; 56% did not believe that it is associated with increased mortality. Most respondents agreed that pre-existing renal impairment (97%), dehydration (90%) and diabetes (89%) were risk factors for CIN; however, 26%, 30% and 46%, respectively, did not identify advanced age, CM dose or congestive cardiac failure as risk factors. Only 7% of radiologists thought they were always made aware of CIN associated with their cases and 28% never consulted a nephrologist to discuss patients at risk of CIN or who had developed CIN. Conclusion: There is highly variable awareness of the definition, impact and risk factors for CIN among European radiologists. Data regarding the importance of CIN in CT are limited. Improved efforts are required to better educate radiologists and referring physicians and to institute appropriate protocols to identify at-risk patients and prevent CIN.

  7. Cinética de degradación térmica de betacianinas, betaxantinas y vitamina C en una bebida a base de jugo de remolacha (Beta vulgaris L. y miel de abeja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Sánchez-Chávez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La cinética de degradación de la betacianinas, betaxantinas y vitamina C a 30 °C, 40 °C y 50 ºC fue evaluada en una bebida a base de betarraga y miel de abeja, utilizando los modelos cinéticos de orden cero, primer y segundo orden; así como el modelo de Arrhenius para evaluar la dependencia de la velocidad de degradación con respecto a la temperatura. Se determinó que la degradación de los tres compuestos evaluados en las tres temperaturas ensayadas siguió una cinética de primer orden con una alta correlación (R2 = 0,974; 0,98; 0,979. Se determinó que las betacianinas y la vitamina C presentan un sensibilidad similar a la temperatura; mientras que las betaxantinas fueron más estables. Con referencia a la influencia de la temperatura en la velocidad de degradación se determinaron las energías de activación y los valores Q10 de la reacción los cuales confirman la mayor estabilidad de las betaxantinas con respecto a las betacianinas y la vitamina C en la bebida de remolacha y miel de abeja.

  8. Cinética de secagem e difusividade efetiva em folhas de jenipapo (Genipa americana L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.A. SILVA

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O jenipapo (Genipa americana L. é uma espécie nativa com importância medicinal, sendo amplamente utilizada no Brasil. Em função da necessidade de conhecimento à cerca do pré-processamento desta espécie, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de jenipapo (G. americana L., bem como determinar a difusividade efetiva da água durante o processo. As folhas foram coletadas com teor de água inicial de 2,30±0,05 (decimal b.s., e submetidas à secagem em três condições de temperatura do ar (35,3; 46,0 e 65,0°C até atingirem o teor de água de equilíbrio. Aos dados experimentais, ajustaram-se doze modelos matemáticos, recomendados para representar o processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. As magnitudes do coeficiente de determinação (R2, do erro médio relativo (P, do erro médio estimado (SE e do teste do qui-quadrado (χ2, foram utilizadas para verificar o grau de ajuste dos modelos. Os modelos de Henderson e Pabis modificado e Midilli apresentaram ajustes adequados aos dados experimentais, sendo o modelo de Midilli, em função de sua simplicidade, escolhido para representar a cinética de secagem das folhas de jenipapo. Aumentando a temperatura do ar de secagem de 35,3 para 46,0 e 65,0ºC houve redução no tempo de secagem das folhas de jenipapo de 91,1 para 62,5 e 24,2 horas, respectivamente. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, e esta relação é descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, que apresenta energia de ativação para a difusão líquida de 33,9 kJ mol-1.

  9. Efecto del Escaldado sobre el Color y Cinética de Degradación Térmica de la Vitamina C de la Pulpa de Mango de Hilacha (Mangífera indica var magdalena river)

    OpenAIRE

    Mendoza-Corvis, Fernando A; Hernández, Elvis J; Ruiz, Luis E

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la cinética de degradación de la vitamina C y el efecto del escaldado sobre el color de la pulpa de mango de hilacha edulcorada con 20% de sacarosa. La determinación de la vitamina C se realizó empleando el método 2.6 Diclorofenol indofenol y el color mediante Colorímetro HunterLab. Los parámetros cinéticos se determinaron por el método de los mínimos cuadrados y el análisis estadístico mediante el software Desing expert 6.0. La vitamina C sigu...

  10. Quantification of confocal fluorescence microscopy for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sheikhzadeh, Fahime; Ward, Rabab K; Carraro, Anita; Chen, Zhao Yang; van Niekerk, Dirk; Miller, Dianne; Ehlen, Tom; MacAulay, Calum E; Follen, Michele; Lane, Pierre M; Guillaud, Martial

    2015-10-24

    Cervical cancer remains a major health problem, especially in developing countries. Colposcopic examination is used to detect high-grade lesions in patients with a history of abnormal pap smears. New technologies are needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. We propose to test the potential of fluorescence confocal microscopy to identify high-grade lesions. We examined the quantification of ex vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy to differentiate among normal cervical tissue, low-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), and high-grade CIN. We sought to (1) quantify nuclear morphology and tissue architecture features by analyzing images of cervical biopsies; and (2) determine the accuracy of high-grade CIN detection via confocal microscopy relative to the accuracy of detection by colposcopic impression. Forty-six biopsies obtained from colposcopically normal and abnormal cervical sites were evaluated. Confocal images were acquired at different depths from the epithelial surface and histological images were analyzed using in-house software. The features calculated from the confocal images compared well with those features obtained from the histological images and histopathological reviews of the specimens (obtained by a gynecologic pathologist). The correlations between two of these features (the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and the average of three nearest Delaunay-neighbors distance) and the grade of dysplasia were higher than that of colposcopic impression. The sensitivity of detecting high-grade dysplasia by analysing images collected at the surface of the epithelium, and at 15 and 30 μm below the epithelial surface were respectively 100, 100, and 92 %. Quantitative analysis of confocal fluorescence images showed its capacity for discriminating high-grade CIN lesions vs. low-grade CIN lesions and normal tissues, at different depth of imaging. This approach could be used to help clinicians identify high-grade CIN in clinical

  11. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Is Less Common in Patients with Good Coronary Collateral Circulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Avci, Eyup; Yildirim, Tarik; Kadi, Hasan

    2017-10-01

    Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a typically reversible type of acute renal failure that develops after exposure to contrast agents; underlying endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an important risk factor for CIN. Although the mechanism of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is not fully understood, a pivotal role of the endothelium has been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between CCC and CIN. Patients with at least one occluded major coronary artery and blood creatinine analyses performed before and on the second day after angiography were included in the study. CIN was defined as a 25% or greater elevation of creatinine on the second day after exposure to the contrast agent. Collateral grading was performed according to the Rentrop classification. Patients were grouped according to whether they developed CIN or not, i.e., CIN(-) and CIN(+) group. A total of 214 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. CIN was diagnosed in 43 patients (20.1%) in the study population. Good CCC was identified in 112 patients (65.5%) in the CIN(-) group, whereas it was identified in 13 patients (30.2%) in the CIN(+) group. In the CIN(-) group, good CCC was significantly more frequent ( p Good collateral circulation was associated with a lower frequency of CIN, and poor collateral circulation was an independent predictor of CIN.

  12. Les catholiques français devant le cinéma entre désir et impuissance French Catholics face to cinema: between desire and powerlessness

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corinne Bonafoux

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Durant la période de l’entre-deux-guerres qui correspond à un mouvement de réhabilitation du cinéma par diverses autorités religieuses, les catholiques mettent en place de nombreux organismes consacrés au cinéma. Ils tentent d’agir à la fois sur la production, la distribution et la formation du public. C’est ce troisième moyen qui est le plus développé car le public catholique est compris comme un puissant moyen d’influer, en amont, sur la production et la distribution.This paper focuses on the interwar years during which different religious authorities started a movement of rehabilitation of the film industry. In this perspective, the Catholics created several organizations dedicated to the cinema. They tried to influence the production and the distribution processes, as well as the audience education. The latter was the most developed since the catholic audience was understood as a powerful lever to act upstream on both the production and the distribution processes.

  13. Cinética de produção de levedura seca em leito de jorro Production kinetics of dry yeast in spouted bed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana P. T. Rocha

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se neste trabalho, a cinética de produção durante a secagem em um secador de leito de jorro convencional com inertes, trabalhando-se com alimentação intermitente de levedura, com umidade inicial de 70% em base úmida. Fez-se um planejamento fatorial 22 mais configuração estrela com 3 experimentos no ponto central, totalizando 11 experimentos, objetivando-se o estudo da influência da concentração de levedura e velocidade do ar na entrada sobre a cinética de produção de levedura seca. A cinética se mostrou crescente e praticamente linear em todos os experimentos. Esta análise permitiu a identificação das condições ideais de operação do secador com relação à velocidade de operação e de quantidade de levedura a ser alimentada para obtenção de um produto de qualidade para utilização como complemento protéico na alimentação de animais.In this study the production kinetics are studied during drying in a conventional spouted bed drier, with inert particles, working at intermittent feeding of yeast, with initial moisture content of 70% (wet basis. In order to study the influence of the yeast concentration and the input air speed on the production kinetics of dry yeast, a series of 11 experiments according to a factorial design 22 plus a star configuration, with 3 experiments in the central point, was done. It was found that the increasing kinetics was practically linear in all the experiments. From this analysis, optimal operational conditions were found for the drier input air velocity and amount of yeast to be loaded. The attainment of a quality product to be used as a protein complement for animal feeding was also considered.

  14. Du collectif, malgré tout dans le cinéma de Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marion Froger

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Dans ses deux premiers films, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche interprète un personnage qui, ayant écopé de la « double peine », finit par perdre sa place dans un aller et retour sans issue, entre son village algérien d’origine qui le rejette (Bled number One et la France qui l’expulse puis le traque à son retour (Wesh wesh qu’est-ce qui se passe ?. À ce destin qui s’avère borné par la folie, d’un côté de la Méditerranée, ou par la mort de l’autre, le cinéaste oppose la créativité de ses propres collectifs de production, dont il laisse volontairement des traces dans chacun de ses films. Il entend ainsi, malgré tout, réinvestir, par le désir de groupe, le champ du politique, et par l’invention de formes cinématographiques, ne pas exclure le spectateur d’un sentiment de solidarité et de fraternité désancré de ses bases strictement communautaires. Adossé à la réalité vécue par une génération issue de l’immigration algérienne, née ou ayant grandi en France après l’indépendance de l’Algérie, le cinéma de Rabah Ameur-Zaimèche évoque les ambivalences de l’expérience groupale de ceux qui vont et viennent avec constance et intensité d’une rive à l’autre de leurs désirs d’appartenance et d’engagement.  In his two first movies, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche plays a character who, subject to legal “double jeopardy”, finds himself lost in an inescapable back and forth between his native Algerian village, which rejects him, (Bled number One and France, which expels him and then, upon his return, hunts him down (Wesh wesh qu’est-ce qui se passe ?. Against this fate, which ends in madness on one side of the Mediterranean or death on the other, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche sets the creativity of his production teams, traces of whose work remains in each of his films. Despite everything, the filmmaker looks to reinvest the political field with collective desire, and, through the use of inventive cinematic

  15. Estudo do Efeito do Ãcido CinÃmico e Cinamato de Metila no Metabolismo GlicolipÃdico em Camundongos

    OpenAIRE

    Aline Maria Parente de Freitas

    2014-01-01

    As dislipidemias e o diabetes apresentam-se como importantes fatores de risco nas doenÃas cardiovasculares. Quando se associa ao estresse oxidativo podem acelerar a progressÃo das lesÃes aterosclerÃticas. Estudos com produtos naturais fornecem dados interessantes no controle dessas doenÃas. No presente estudo foram utilizados dois compostos derivados da canela, o Ãcido cinÃmico (AC) e cinamato de metila (CM), semelhantes estruturalmente e com atividades biolÃgicas e farmacolÃgicas jà descrita...

  16. Identifying Children in Middle Childhood Who Are at Risk for Reading Problems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Speece, Deborah L; Ritchey, Kristen D; Silverman, Rebecca; Schatschneider, Christopher; Walker, Caroline Y; Andrusik, Katryna N

    2010-06-01

    The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate a universal screening battery for reading that is appropriate for older elementary students in a response to intervention model. Multiple measures of reading and reading correlates were administered to 230 fourth-grade children. Teachers rated children's reading skills, academic competence, and attention. Children were classified as not-at-risk or at-risk readers based on a three-factor model reflecting reading comprehension, word recognition/decoding, and word fluency. Predictors of reading status included group-administered tests of reading comprehension, silent word reading fluency, and teacher ratings of reading problems. Inclusion of individually administered tests and growth estimates did not add substantial variance. The receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve index of 0.90, suggesting this model may both accurately and efficiently screen older elementary students with reading problems.

  17. Estudio cinético del proceso de devolatilización de biomasa lignocelulósica mediante análisis termogravimétrico para tamaños de partícula de 2 a 19 mm

    OpenAIRE

    MELGAR, ANDRÉS; BORGE, DAVID; PÉREZ, JUAN F.

    2008-01-01

    Con el objetivo de proporcionar herramientas que mejoren el diseño de los sistemas de gasificación/combustión de biomasa, y los modelos cinético-químicos de dichos procesos, se presenta un estudio de la cinética química asociada al proceso de devolatilización de biomasa mediante pruebas de termogravimetría utilizando tamaños de partícula que varían de 2 a 19 mm, y tasas de calentamiento de 10, 15 y 20 K/min. El desarrollo de este trabajo se justifica debido a que no hay resultados disponibles...

  18. Identifying and localizing network problems using the PuNDIT project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Batista, Jorge; McKee, Shawn; Dovrolis, Constantine; Lee, Danny

    2015-01-01

    In today's world of distributed collaborations of scientists, there are many challenges to providing effective infrastructures to couple these groups of scientists with their shared computing and storage resources. The Pythia Network Diagnostic InfrasTructure (PuNDIT[1]) project is integrating and scaling research tools and creating robust code suitable for operational needs addressing the difficult challenge of automating the detection and location of network problems.PuNDIT is building upon the de-facto standard perfSONAR[2] network measurement infrastructure deployed in Open Science Grid(OSG)[3] and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid(WLCG)[4]to gather and analyze complex real-world network topologies coupled with their corresponding network metrics to identify possible signatures of network problems from a set of symptoms. The PuNDIT Team is working closely with the perfSONAR developers from ESnet and Internet2 to integrate PuNDIT components as part of the perfSONAR Toolkit. A primary goal for PuNDIT is to convert complex network metrics into easily understood diagnoses in an automated way. We will report on the project progress to-date in working with the OSG and WLCG communities, describe the current implementation including some initial results and discuss future plans and the project timeline. (paper)

  19. Identifying at-risk profiles and protective factors for problem gambling: A longitudinal study across adolescence and early adulthood.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allami, Youssef; Vitaro, Frank; Brendgen, Mara; Carbonneau, René; Tremblay, Richard E

    2018-05-01

    Past studies have identified various risk and protective factors for problem gambling (PG). However, no study has examined the interplay between these factors using a combination of person-centered and variable-centered approaches embedded within a longitudinal design. The present study aimed to (a) identify distinct profiles in early adolescence based on a set of risk factors commonly associated with PG (impulsivity, depression, anxiety, drug-alcohol use, aggressiveness, and antisociality), (b) explore the difference in reported gambling problems between these profiles during midadolescence and early adulthood, and (c) identify family- and peer-related variables that could operate as protective or compensatory factors in this context. Two samples were used: (a) a population sample (N = 1,033) living in low socioeconomic-status neighborhoods and (b) a population sample (N = 3,017) representative of students attending Quebec schools. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify at-risk profiles based on individual risk factors measured at age 12 years. Negative binomial regression models were estimated to compare profiles in terms of their reported gambling problems at ages 16 and 23. Finally, family- and peer-related variables measured at age 14 were included to test their protective or compensatory role with respect to the link between at-risk profiles and gambling problems. Four profiles were identified: well-adjusted, internalizing, externalizing, and comorbid. Compared to the well-adjusted profile, the externalizing and comorbid profiles reported more gambling problems at ages 16 and 23, but the internalizing profile did not differ significantly. Various protective and compensatory factors emerged for each profile at both time points. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  20. Tacit knowledge of public health nurses in identifying community health problems and need for new services: a case study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoshioka-Maeda, Kyoko; Murashima, Sachiyo; Asahara, Kiyomi

    2006-09-01

    The purpose of this study was to explore the tacit knowledge of public health nurses in identifying community health problems and developing relevant new projects. Previous research only roughly showed those skills for creating new community health services, such as lobbying. Nine Japanese public health nurses who had created new projects in their municipalities were selected by theoretical sampling and interviewed in 2002-2003. Yin's Case Study Method, especially the multiple-case study design, was used. All 9 public health nurses used similar approaches in identifying community health problems and the need for creating new services, even though their experiences differed and the kinds of projects varied. They identified the difficulties of clients, recognized clients who had the same problems, elucidated the limitations of existing services, and forecasted outcomes from the neglect of the clients' problems. Then they succeeded in creating a new project by examining individual health problems in the context of their community's characteristics, societal factors, and using existing policies to support their clients. This is the first study to explore the skills of public health nurses and their intention to use such skills in creating new projects as well as the exact process. They could identify community health problems that will be the basis for developing new services to provide care for individual clients. This is different from the traditional community assessment approach that requires the collection of a huge amount of information to clarify community health problems. The tacit knowledge of public health nurses will help to create needs-oriented new services more smoothly.

  1. Kinetic Modeling of Complex Catalytic Reactions Modélisation cinétique des réactions catalytiques complexes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Froment G. F.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available The paper deals with hydrocracking on metal-loaded zeolites. A fundamental approach is presented in which the detailed reaction network of the feed components of a complex feedstock is retained to a maximum extent. The kinetics are developed in terms of the elementary steps and single events involved in the reactions. Plausible assumptions and thermodynamic constraints limit the number of kinetic parameters. These do not depend on the chain length of the hydrocarbons and are not affected by the feed composition. Certainly, chemical analysis still imposes a certain degree of lumping of components and reaction networks, but not to the extent reflected by present day models. L'article traite de l'hydrocraquage sur des zéolites chargés en métaux. Dans l'approche fondamentale qui est présentée, le réseau de réaction des composants d'une charge complexe est retenu au maximum. La cinétique est établie en suivant pas à pas le déroulement et les étapes élémentaires des réactions. Des hypothèses plausibles et des contraintes thermodynamiques limitent le nombre de paramètres cinétiques. Ceux-ci ne dépendent pas de la longueur de la chaîne des hydrocarbures et ne sont pas affectés par la composition de la charge. L'analyse chimique impose bien sûr encore un certain agrégat des composants et des réseaux de réaction, mais moins que ne reflètent les modèles actuels.

  2. Ebola Virus Infection Modelling and Identifiability Problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Van-Kinh eNguyen

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available The recent outbreaks of Ebola virus (EBOV infections have underlined the impact of the virus as a major threat for human health. Due to the high biosafety classification of EBOV (level 4, basic research is very limited. Therefore, the development of new avenues of thinking to advance quantitative comprehension of the virus and its interaction with the host cells is urgently neededto tackle this lethal disease. Mathematical modelling of the EBOV dynamics can be instrumental to interpret Ebola infection kinetics on quantitative grounds. To the best of our knowledge, a mathematical modelling approach to unravel the interaction between EBOV and the host cells isstill missing. In this paper, a mathematical model based on differential equations is used to represent the basic interactions between EBOV and wild-type Vero cells in vitro. Parameter sets that represent infectivity of pathogens are estimated for EBOV infection and compared with influenza virus infection kinetics. The average infecting time of wild-type Vero cells in EBOV is slower than in influenza infection. Simulation results suggest that the slow infecting time of EBOV could be compensated by its efficient replication. This study reveals several identifiability problems and what kind of experiments are necessary to advance the quantification of EBOV infection. A first mathematical approach of EBOV dynamics and the estimation of standard parametersin viral infections kinetics is the key contribution of this work, paving the way for future modelling work on EBOV infection.

  3. Desinfección de aguas, utilizando un agente oxidante y su combinación con UV. Estudio cinético

    OpenAIRE

    Flores, Marina Judith

    2014-01-01

    Fil: Flores, Marina Judith. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. El acceso al agua potable es primordial para la salud, uno de los derechos humanos básicos y un componente de las políticas eficaces de protección de la salud. En esta Tesis de Doctorado se aborda uno de los aspectos vacantes como es la determinación de la cinética de la inactivación para un contaminante microbiológico modelo (Escherichia coli) en aguas claras con desinfectantes alterna...

  4. La influencia de la música en la inteligencia lingüística y cinética-corporal

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz García de la Plaza, María Dolores

    2015-01-01

    El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado trata de dar a conocer la importancia que poseen las inteligencias múltiples en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Dado al amplio abanico que estas abarcan, nos hemos centrado en la lingüística y cinética-corporal, viendo cuáles son sus repercusiones en el desarrollo de los niños. Además, se ha estudiado cómo influye la música en la etapa de Educación Infantil: La suma de las inteligencias y la educación musical imprime un carácter más completo y global ...

  5. Cinética de la degradación del ácido ascórbico en jugo de parchita

    OpenAIRE

    Páez, Gisela; Freay, Jenny; Moreno, Mónica; Mármol, Zulay; Araujo, Karelen; Rincón, Marisela

    2008-01-01

    Se evaluó la cinética de la degradación del ácido ascórbico en el jugo de parchita maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) fresco y pasteurizado a diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento (0 ºC, 10 ºC, 25 ºC, 40 ºC, 60 ºC).El jugo se caracterizó en términos de pH, acidez titulable,sólidos solubles totales, relación grados Brix acidez y azucares totales. Las muestras de jugo fresco y pasteurizado se almacenaron a temperaturas de 0 ºC y 10 ºC durante un periodo de 60 y 15 días respectivamen...

  6. Festivals de cinéma dans le monde arabe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean-Michel Frodon

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Alors que les deux grands festivals « historiques » du monde arabe, Carthage (JCC et Le Caire, sont entrés en décadence, on assiste depuis le début des années 2000 à une véritable explosion du phénomène festivalier dans le monde arabe. Le pays le plus en pointe est le Maroc, quoique de manière contrastée, avec une manifestation de prestige à Marrakech, et une nuée de petites manifestations. Dans les émirats du Golfe, la multiplication des festivals traduit une stratégie de communication plutôt qu’une volonté de développement culturel. Cette stratégie est fragilisée par la concurrence que se livrent les différents acteurs. Dans les autres pays arabes, on trouve une grande variété de situations sous le signe de la dispersion. Pourtant, l’accumulation de festivals (une centaine dans la région finit par avoir des effets d’ensemble, au-delà des buts, moyens et limites de chacun d’eux. Le phénomène festivalier, bien qu’inscrit dans des agendas locaux ou nationaux, génère de manière plus vaste des réseaux générationnels, financiers, de procédures d’expertise, de processus d’interrelation, géographiques mais aussi entre le cinéma et les autres arts ou médias.

  7. Correlación entre índice de catabolismo proteico medido por el modelo cinético de la urea y la encuesta dietética en niños con insuficiencia renal crónica en diálisis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susan CORNEJO FLORES

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre ICP calculado por el modelo cinético de urea y la ingesta proteica determinada mediante encuesta dietética. Material y métodos: En el estudio analítico de correlación, se incluyeron 15 niños con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC evaluados en un periodo de un año de seguimiento. Se determinó el ICP mediante la encuesta de Frecuencia de Consumo y recordatorio de 24 h por 3 días y el modelo cinético de la úrea, al inicio y al final del estudio. Se determinó albúmina sérica, urea sérica pre y post recolección de orina en el periodo ínterdialítico y urea en orina del periodo interdialítico. Resultados. El 46,67%(7 fueron del sexo femenino y 53,33%(8 masculino. La edad fue 15 ±2 años. Al inicio, 20% de los pacientes tuvieron niveles de albúmina sérica normales y al final del estudio fue 86,67%. El promedio del ICP calculado al inicio fue 0,993±0,27 y 0,996 ± 0,28 por modelo cinético y encuesta dietética respectivamente y su correlación fue r = 0,9962 y R²= 0,9924. Al final del estudio fue 1,07± 0,28 calculado por la encuesta y de 1,06± 0,27 por el modelo cinético de generación de urea y su correlación fue de r =0,9973 y R²= 0,9924. Conclusión: Existe buena correlación entre el ICP calculado por el modelo cinético de generación de urea y la ingesta proteica determinada por la encuesta dietética (Rev Med Hered 2006;17:77-80.

  8. Les « cinébus » dans la tourmente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sébastien Denis

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Cet article présente les activités du Service de diffusion cinématographique (SDC du Gouvernement général de l’Algérie, chargé de projeter les films de propagande sur l’Algérie coloniale auprès des populations rurales du pays. D’abord seul à partir de 1945, puis avec l’aide de l’armée pendant la guerre d’Algérie, le SDC a ainsi mis en place une action psychologique visant à propager une image favorable de la France et de l’administration algérienne. Après les massacres de Sétif, dans un contexte politique tendu menant à la mise au pas des mouvements indépendantistes, il s’agissait de proposer une vision idéale des relations entre la France et les Algériens. Largement composé d’Européens d’Algérie, le service témoignait, dans des rapports circonstanciés, à la fois de la montée d’un anticolonialisme larvé au sein du public et d’une foi dans l’Algérie française de la part de ses fonctionnaires.

  9. Stratégie mondiale et innovations organisationnelles:le cas du passage du cinéma à la diffusion numérique

    OpenAIRE

    Livian, Yves

    2013-01-01

    the passage to digital cinema is an excellent example of a decision taken by a dominant actor,and of organisational innovations linked with a tecnological change. this case is interesting also for theoretical reasons:strategic change, creation of a market with norms,institutional adaptations; le passage à la diffusion numérique offre un excellent exemple d'adaptation d'un secteur(le cinéma) à une décision d'un acteur dominant,et d'innovations organisationnelles liées à un changement technolog...

  10. Identified problems in fabricating Mobile Radioscopy System (MRS)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arshad Yassin; Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh; Ab Razak Hamzah; Khari Che Ros; Hasni Hashim

    2009-01-01

    This paper describes problems found and solving method in our effort to fabricate the first up to standard mobile radioscopy system (MRS). The MRS is expected to solve problems faced by small and medium local industries to have their own digital industrial radiography system (DIR) i.e. expensive cost, lack of experience in handling radiation electronic detector, etc. Most of the problems occurred give the challenge to obtain the best radiographic image quality in terms of quantitative evaluation. With the upcoming developments, the MRS is expected to acceptable to be us in oil and gas industry and power generation plant. (Author)

  11. Estimacion de los parámetros cinéticos y tiempo de vida de la cáscara de arroz y arcilla mediante la técnica de análisis termogravimétrico (tga)

    OpenAIRE

    PINEDA GOMEZ, POSIDIA; BEDOYA HINCAPIÉ, CLAUDIA MILENA; ROSALES RIVERA, ANDRES

    2011-01-01

    La cáscara de arroz y la arcilla son materiales comúnmente usados en procesos agrícolas e industriales, por lo cual es de interés científico el estudio de la cinética de sus descomposiciones térmicas en diferentes atmósferas. En este trabajo se estimaron los parámetros cinéticos (energía de activación, orden de reacción y factor preexponencial) y el tiempo de vida que caracterizan el proceso de descomposición de la cáscara de arroz y la arcilla, mediante el uso de la técnica de análisis termo...

  12. Entre Dissection et Empathie: le cinéma en direct de Katie Mitchell

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erica Magris

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available L’article étudie deux spectacles réalisés par la metteuse en scène britannique Katie Mitchell à la Schaubühne de Berlin – Fraulein Julie (2010, en collaboration avec le vidéaste Leo Warner, et Die Gelbe Tapete (2013 – qui, comme dans un diptyque, explorent la vie intime de deux femmes souffrantes grâce à un dispositif ciné-théâtral complexe au fonctionnement spécifique. La simultanéité de deux régimes de présence sur scène, le jeu et le tournage, ainsi que de l’action scénique et du film, produit une tension permanente entre effets contradictoires – identification/distanciation, continuité/discontinuité, éclatement/concentration – tant sur les acteurs que sur les spectateurs, en créant une interface élastique qui enveloppe la scène et la salle et permet une immersion théâtrale dans la subjectivité.

  13. The problem of false-positive human papillomavirus DNA tests in cervical screening

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rebolj, Matejka; Pribac, Igor; Frederiksen, Maria Eiholm

    2013-01-01

    Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been extensively studied in randomized controlled trials of primary cervical screening. Based on encouraging results concerning its high detection rates and a high negative predictive value for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), HPV testing...... will probably replace cytology in future primary cervical screening. However, HPV testing is associated with more frequent false-positive tests compared to cytology. False-positive tests are defined as positive screening tests which are not subsequently confirmed with high-grade CIN. Several authors have...

  14. Efficacy of human papillomavirus l1 protein vaccines (cervarix and gardasil in reducing the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A meta-analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Reza Haghshenas

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Human papillomavirus (HPV can induce cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN. Vaccination against HPV can play an important role in CIN prevention. This study aims to estimate the efficacy of L1 protein vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil in CIN 1, 2, 3 risk reduction using meta-analysis. Relevant articles were identified by two independent researchers searching international databanks. After application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment, eligible articles were entered into the final meta-analysis. Inverse variance method and fixed effect model were used to combine the results of the primary studies. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane and I2 indices. Of 11,530 evidence identified during the primary search, three papers were found eligible for meta-analysis, including 7213 participants in the intervention groups and 7170 healthy controls. The efficacy (95% confidence interval of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 monovalent and quadrivalent vaccines against CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3 were estimated as of 95% (88–98, 97% (85–99, and 95% (78–99, respectively. This study showed that L1 protein vaccines Cervarix and Gardasil are highly protective vaccines playing an effective role in the prevention of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 which are responsible for CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3.

  15. Cinética de la degradación de la vitamina c en el jugo concentrado y congelado de maracuyá

    OpenAIRE

    Castillo Soto, Priscila; Miranda Sanchez, Luis

    2009-01-01

    La presente tesis tiene como objetivo determinar si las pérdidas de Vitamina C durante la elaboración industrial de jugo concentrado y congelado de maracuyá, sobrepasan o no los valores teóricos obtenidos mediante modelos matemáticos y de ser así las recomendaciones necesarias a fin de mantener la calidad nutricional de este importante producto de exportación. Para lo cual determinaré los parámetros de estudio (temperatura y tiempo) y el número de muestras necesarias para establecer la cinét...

  16. Les particules illocutoires, variable d’ajustement de la traduction sous-titrante au cinéma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ève Vayssière

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Die illokutiven Partikel fungieren als Anpassungsvariable, die beim Übersetzungsakt zur Untertitelung von Filmen entweder weggelassen werden oder erscheinen. Wenn sie einfach gelöscht werden, ergeben sich weder grammatikalische Störungen noch Informationsverlust. Das Auftauchen dieser Partikel in den deutschen Untertiteln zeigt jedoch, wie wichtig sie sind: Als Partikel der Oralität tragen sie zur Idiomatizität bei.Les particules illocutoires sont des variables d’ajustement lors de l’acte de traduction sous-titrante au cinéma, elles peuvent être supprimées sans que cela occasionne de dysfonctionnement grammatical et elles disparaissent lors de la traduction en français sans que cela occasionne une perte d’informations. Leur apparition dans les sous-titres allemands montre néanmoins leur importance : particules de l’oralité, elles sont vecteur d’« idiomaticité ».

  17. Análise cinética e cinemática da marcha durante o transporte da mochila escolar com rodas

    OpenAIRE

    Almeida, Pablo de

    2011-01-01

    Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar as variáveis temporais/espaciais cinéticas e cinemáticas durante a marcha no plano e o transporte de mochilas com rodas (carga referente a 10%PC) em escolares de 7 a 10 anos. Dez crianças, saudáveis (7,8 ± 1,6 anos) foram selecionadas à participarem do estudo que envolveu duas condições experimentais. A primeira condição envolveu a marcha no plano, enquanto que na segunda condição ocorreu o transporte de mochila provida de rodas no plano...

  18. Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy and their association with mortality in patients with blunt splenic injuries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hsieh, Ting-Min; Tsai, Tzu-Hsien; Liu, Yueh-Wei; Hsieh, Ching-Hua

    2016-11-01

    Although angioembolization increases the success rate of non-operative management in patients with blunt splenic injuries (BSI), the issue of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) due to serial administration of contrast medium remains unclear. We aimed to examine the risk factors of CIN and their clinical effect on mortality in patients with BSI. We retrospectively studied the complete data on 377 trauma patients with BSI who survived more than 48 h between July 2003 and June 2015. CIN was defined as the relative (≥25%) or absolute (≥0.5 mg/dL) increase in serum creatinine within 48 h after contrast administration. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent predictors of CIN and mortality. CIN was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-8.76), injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 25 (OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 2.76-13.53), and 24-h hemoglobin (Hb) < 10 g/dL (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.46-6.81). CIN (OR: 19.04, 95% CI: 6.15-58.94) and diabetes (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.04-11.26) were also identified as independent predictors for mortality. In this study, we found that BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , ISS ≥ 25, and 24-h Hb < 10 g/dL were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CIN in patients with BSI. However, angioembolization was not identified to be an independent risk factor for CIN. In addition, CIN and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in patients with BSI. Copyright © 2016 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Modelamiento de la cinética de bioadsorción de cr (iii) usando cáscara de naranja

    OpenAIRE

    PINZÓN BEDOYA, MARTHA LUCIA; VERA VILLAMIZAR, LUZ ESTELLA

    2010-01-01

    En este trabajo se utilizó como material bioadsorbente cáscara naranja con el fin de remover iones cromo presentes en soluciones hipotéticas diluidas, utilizadas como modelo de aguas contaminadas con bajas concentraciones de este metal. Las condiciones de operación utilizadas fueron: relación sólido/líquido 4 g/l, tamaño de partícula F£0,425 mm, concentración inicial de disolución de Cr(III) 100 mg/l, tiempo de contacto 60 h y pH constante (4 y 5). Los modelos cinéticos escogidos para identif...

  20. Identification of microRNAs in Caragana intermedia by high-throughput sequencing and expression analysis of 12 microRNAs and their targets under salt stress.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Jianfeng; Li, Wanfeng; Yang, Wenhua; Qi, Liwang; Han, Suying

    2013-09-01

    142 miRNAs were identified and 38 miRNA targets were predicted, 4 of which were validated, in C. intermedia . The expression of 12 miRNAs in salt-stressed leaves was assessed by qRT-PCR. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs that play important roles in various biological and metabolic processes in plants. Caragana intermedia is an important ecological and economic tree species prominent in the desert environment of west and northwest China. To date, no investigation into C. intermedia miRNAs has been reported. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs and analysis of transcriptome data were performed to identify both conserved and novel miRNAs, and also their target mRNA genes in C. intermedia. Based on sequence similarity and hairpin structure prediction, 132 putative conserved miRNAs (12 of which were confirmed to form hairpin precursors) belonging to 31 known miRNA families were identified. Ten novel miRNAs (including the miRNA* sequences of three novel miRNAs) were also discovered. Furthermore, 36 potential target genes of 17 known miRNA families and 2 potential target genes of 1 novel miRNA were predicted; 4 of these were validated by 5' RACE. The expression of 12 miRNAs was validated in different tissues, and these and five target mRNAs were assessed by qRT-PCR after salt treatment. The expression levels of seven miRNAs (cin-miR157a, cin-miR159a, cin-miR165a, cin-miR167b, cin-miR172b, cin-miR390a and cin-miR396a) were upregulated, while cin-miR398a expression was downregulated after salt treatment. The targets of cin-miR157a, cin-miR165a, cin-miR172b and cin-miR396a were downregulated and showed an approximately negative correlation with their corresponding miRNAs under salt treatment. These results would help further understanding of miRNA regulation in response to abiotic stress in C. intermedia.

  1. Identifying high-functioning dyslexics: is self-report of early reading problems enough?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deacon, S Hélène; Cook, Kathryn; Parrila, Rauno

    2012-07-01

    We used a questionnaire to identify university students with self-reported difficulties in reading acquisition during elementary school (self-report; n=31). The performance of the self-report group on standardized measures of word and non-word reading and fluency, passage comprehension and reading rate, and phonological awareness was compared to that of two other groups of university students: one with a recent diagnosis (diagnosed; n=20) and one with no self-reported reading acquisition problems (comparison group; n=33). The comparison group outperformed both groups with a history of reading difficulties (self-report and diagnosed) on almost all measures. The self-report and diagnosed groups performed similarly on most tasks, with the exception of untimed reading comprehension (better performance for diagnosed) and reading rate (better performance for self-report). The two recruitment methods likely sample from the same underlying population but identify individuals with different adaptive strategies.

  2. Estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia de aguas de lavado de aceitunas de almazara en reactores de mezcla completa con microorganismos inmovilizados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borja, Rafael

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study of the continuous anaerobic digestion process of wastewaters from the washing of olives prior to the oil production process was carried out in a completely mixed reactor with sepiolite immobilised biomass at 35° C. Four influent COD concentrations, 4,5, 3,5, 2,5 y 1,5 g COD/I were used as substrate operating for a hydraulic retention time range of 4,5 to 1,25 days. The Michaelis-Menten model has been applied, obtaining the values of the maximum substrate utilization rate, k( (g COD/g VSS day, and the kinetic constant of the process, Ks (g COD/I, for each influent substrate concentration studied. The values of these parameters significantly decreased with decreasing concentration of influent wastewater, showing the highest values for the greatest influent substrate concentration used as feed. The microbial yield coefficient, Yx, and sludge decay rate coefficient, kd, were also determined to be 0,14 g VSS/g COD and 0,003 days-1 respectively.

    Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia en régimen continuo de aguas de lavado de aceitunas de almazara en un reactor de mezcla completa utilizando sepiolita como soporte para la inmovilización de los microorganismos responsables del proceso, a la temperatura de 35° C. Se utilizan cuatro concentraciones de sustrato como alimento, 4,5, 3,5, 2,5 y 1,5g DQO/I, operando con cada una de ellas en un rango de tiempos de retención hidráulicos de 4,5 a 1,25 días. Para ello, se aplica el método cinético de Michaelis-Menten, obteniéndose los valores de la velocidad máxima de utilización de sustrato, k(g DQO/g SSV día, y de la constante cinética del proceso, Ks (g DQO/I, para cada concentración de sustrato objeto de estudio. Se observa que estas constantes cinéticas disminuyen de forma significativa al disminuir la concentración de sustrato en el alimento

  3. Parâmetros cinéticos da degradação in vitro de alimentos incubados com inóculo microbiano de diferentes espécies de ruminantes Kinetic parameters of the ruminal in vitro degradation of feedstuffs given to different ruminant species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.R.G.F. Bezerra

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Parâmetros cinéticos da degradação ruminal de alguns alimentos utilizados para ruminantes de zoológicos foram estimados mediante incubação in vitro com líquido ruminal de audade (Ammotragus lervia, cervo sambar (Cervus unicolor, elande (Taurotragus oryx, bovino (Bos taurus, bubalino (Bubalus bubalis, caprino (Capra hircus e ovino (Ovis aries. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram estimados pela técnica da produção de gás, cujos dados foram ajustados pelos modelos de um e de duplo compartimento. Não foram detectadas diferenças nos parâmetros cinéticos que permitissem agrupar os alimentos (fibrosos × não fibrosos e os animais (domésticos × silvestres. O modelo de duplo compartimento foi o mais adequado para a estimação dos parâmetros cinéticos da degradação ruminal. Inóculo microbiano oriundo de ruminantes domésticos não é recomendado para estimar parâmetros cinéticos da degradação ruminal de alimentos utilizados para ruminantes silvestres de zoológicos.The estimation of the ruminal kinetic parameters of pumpkin, potato-sweet, beet, broccoli, carrot, alfalfa hay, alfalfa pellet and bean, currently used for feeding wild and domestic ruminants raised in the Rio de Janeiro Zoo, was made through in vitro incubation of the feedstuffs together with ruminal fluid obtained from aoudad (Ammotragus lervia, sambar deer (Cervus unicolor, eland (Taurotragus oryx, cattle (Bos taurus, buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, goat (Capra hircus and sheep (Ovis aries. The gas production technique was used to obtain gas profiles, and the data were fitted by the mono or double compartmental model. The kinetic parameters were discrepant among both, animals and feedstuffs, and the double compartmental model gave the best estimation. Ruminal inocula from domestic ruminants can not be used to estimate the kinetic parameters of ruminal degradation of feedstuffs for wild ruminants.

  4. Análise isocinética e cinética de corredores e triatletas com e sem histórico de fratura por estresse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natália Mariana Silva Luna

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A associação da fadiga muscular com o aumento da força vertical de reação do solo representa risco de fratura por estresse de tíbia em esportes como a corrida de longa distância e o triatlo. Objetivo: Analisar e comparar parâmetros do componente vertical das forças de reação do solo e parâmetros musculares isocinéticos da flexão plantar (FP e dorsiflexão (DF do tornozelo entre grupos de corredores de longa distância e triatletas com e sem histórico de fratura por estresse de tíbia.MÉTODOS: Setenta e cinco atletas de corrida de longa distância e triatletas do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 30,26 ± 6,51 anos foram divididos de acordo com a história pregressa de fratura por estresse de tíbia em: grupo fratura (GF, composto por 12 indivíduos com história de fratura por estresse da tíbia, e grupo não-fratura (GNF, composto por 37 indivíduos sem história de fratura por estresse de tíbia. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram medidos durante a corrida por meio de uma plataforma de força AMTI, e os parâmetros isocinéticos por meio de dinamômetro isocinético Biodex (System 3.RESULTADOS: Para todas as variáveis isocinéticas e cinéticas, não houve diferenças entre GF e GNF.CONCLUSÃO: Ainda que não se tenha identificado uma diferença de desempenho entre os grupos estudados, o perfil cinético (impacto e isocinético (atividade muscular mostra que o treinamento da corrida com déficits em cuidados com a condição muscular e o controle de fatores extrínsecos pode criar uma situação de risco de ocorrência de fraturas por estresse.

  5. Cinética de lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo en agua Leaching kinetics of the red mangrove bark in water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanet Rodríguez Perdomo

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la naturaleza del fenómeno que rige la transferencia de masa durante la lixiviación del mangle rojo en agua mediante el estudio de la cinética del proceso. Métodos: se estudió la cinética de lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo en agua a escala de laboratorio, en una relación sólido/líquido 1:4 a diferentes temperaturas (25, 45, 70 y 90 °C. Para cada temperatura en particular se determinó la constante cinética a partir de la ecuación fundamental de la lixiviación mediante un modelo ajustado empleando el programa estadístico CurveExpert 1.4 para Windows. Resultados: los valores de la concentración de sólidos solubles totales correspondientes a 25 y 45 °C presentaron un incremento apreciable durante los primeros 20 min, y los correspondientes a 70 y 90 °C lo alcanzaron a los 30 min. El valor de la energía de activación obtenida en el experimento correspondió a 2,884 kJ. Conclusiones: la naturaleza de la lixiviación de la corteza de mangle rojo se produce por vía física.Objective: to determine the type of phenomenon ruling the mass transfer during leaching of red mangrove in water by studying the kinetics of this process. Methods: the kinetics of leaching of red mangrove bark into water at lab was studied in a solid/liquid ratio of 1:4 at different temperatures (25, 45, 70 and 90 ºC. For each temperature, the kinetic constant was estimated from the fundamental leaching equation by a fitted model using the statistical program CurveExpert 1.4 for Windows. Results: the total soluble solid concentration values showed a sizeable increase at 25 and 45 °C in the first 20 minutes and at 70 and 90 °C in 30 minutes. The activation energy in the experiment amounted to 2.884 kJ. Conclusions: the leaching of the red mangrove bark is of physical origin.

  6. Efecto de la madurez, geometría y presión sobre la cinética de transferencia de masa en la deshidratación osmótica de papaya (Carica papaya L., var. Maradol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lina Marcela Chavarro-Castrillón

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Las papayas obtenidas en el raleo (papayas menos desarrolladas entresacadas de los árboles para beneficiar el crecimiento de las otras generalmente se descartan. Alternativamente, estas papayas pueden secarse por un proceso de deshidratación osmótica y secado térmico convencional para usarlas como snacks o como ingrediente para otros productos. Se comparó la cinética de transferencia de masa en la deshidratación osmótica de papayas de raleo frente a papayas desarrolladas con diferente grado de madurez, considerando el efecto de la geometría de la muestra y de la presión del proceso. La deshidratación osmótica se efectuó en una solución agitada de sacarosa a 50 °Brix, a 25 °C. Se consideraron tres niveles de madurez: raleo, verde y pintona, tres geometrías: lámina, cilindro y anillo y dos niveles de presión: atmosférica y vacío. Se estudiaron como variables cinéticas la variación de peso (WR, pérdida de agua (WL y ganancia de sólidos (SG entre 10 y 180 min. La madurez tuvo efecto significativo sobre las tres respuestas de la cinética a 30 min y sobre SG a 180 min; la geometría tuvo efecto sobre WR y SG a 30 min y sobre los tres parámetros cinéticos a 180 min y la presión solamente tuvo efecto sobre WL y SG a 30 min. La mayor pérdida de agua (65% se obtuvo a 30 min para la combinación raleo/cilindro/vacío; mientras que la mayor ganancia de sólidos fue 31% para el tratamiento verde/lámina/vacío a 180 min.

  7. Decreased D2-40 and increased p16INK4A immunoreactivities correlate with higher grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lu Zhouping

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background D2-40 has been shown a selective marker for lymphatic endothelium, but also shown in the benign cervical basal cells. However, the application of D2-40 immunoreactivity in the cervical basal cells for identifying the grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN has not been evaluated. Methods In this study, the immunoreactive patterns of D2-40, compared with p16INK4A, which is currently considered as the useful marker for cervical cancers and their precancerous diseases, were examined in total 125 cervical specimens including 32 of CIN1, 37 of CIN2, 35 of CIN3, and 21 of normal cervical tissue. D2-40 and p16INK4A immunoreactivities were scored semiquantitatively according to the intensity and/or extent of the staining. Results Diffuse D2-40 expression with moderate-to-strong intensity was seen in all the normal cervical epithelia (21/21, 100% and similar pattern of D2-40 immunoreactivity with weak-to-strong intensity was observed in CIN1 (31/32, 97.2%. However, negative and/or focal D2-40 expression was found in CIN2 (negative: 20/37, 54.1%; focal: 16/37, 43.2% and CIN3 (negative: 22/35, 62.8%; focal: 12/35, 34.3%. On the other hand, diffuse immunostaining for p16INK4A was shown in 37.5% of CIN1, 64.9% of CIN2, and 80.0% of CIN3. However, the immunoreactive pattern of D2-40 was not associated with the p16INK4A immunoreactivity. Conclusions Immunohistochemical analysis of D2-40 combined with p16INK4A may have a significant implication in clinical practice for better identifying the grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, especially for distinguishing CIN1 from CIN2/3.

  8. Applying an Evidence-Based Assessment Model to Identify Students at Risk for Perceived Academic Problems following Concussion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ransom, Danielle M; Burns, Alison R; Youngstrom, Eric A; Vaughan, Christopher G; Sady, Maegan D; Gioia, Gerard A

    2016-11-01

    The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utility of an evidence-based assessment (EBA) model to establish a multimodal set of tools for identifying students at risk for perceived post-injury academic problems. Participants included 142 students diagnosed with concussion (age: M=14.95; SD=1.80; 59% male), evaluated within 4 weeks of injury (median=16 days). Demographics, pre-injury history, self- and parent-report measures assessing symptom severity and executive functions, and cognitive test performance were examined as predictors of self-reported post-injury academic problems. Latent class analysis categorized participants into "high" (44%) and "low" (56%) levels of self-reported academic problems. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed significant discriminative validity for self- and parent-reported symptom severity and executive dysfunction and self-reported exertional response for identifying students reporting low versus high academic problems. Parent-reported symptom ratings [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=.79] and executive dysfunction (AUC=.74), and self-reported ratings of executive dysfunction (AUC=.84), symptoms (AUC=.80), and exertional response (AUC=.70) each classified students significantly better than chance (psperspective in the management of concussion by applying traditional strengths of neuropsychological assessment to clinical decision making. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1038-1049).

  9. Estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia de las aguas residuales de la elaboración de aceitunas de mesa negras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borja Padilla, R.

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion process of wastewaters from black olive preparation was carried out. The bioreactors used accommodated various suspended micronized clay supports of different chemical composition (Sepiolite and Bentonite. Assuming that the overall anaerobic digestion process conforms to a first-order kinetics, experimental data pairs, namely the methane volume yielded (G and the time (t fitted the equation: G=Gm·[1-exp (-Ko·t], the rate coefficient, Ko, was determined in each of the situations studied. The support used has a marked influence on the kinetic constant of the process; the Sepiolite support yields significantly the highest values. The average Ko values, obtained in the rank of COD between 0 and 1 g/L were: 1,83 days-1 (Sepiolite and 1,23 days-1 (Bentonite. For values of COD greater than 1g/L, the specific rate constant decreased when the volume of wastewater added or substrate concentration was increased. The yield coefficients of methane, Yp/s, were 333 and 316 mL CH4/g COD for the Sepiolite and Bentonite reactor, respectively. Treatment yields of COD were above 95% in all the cases.

    Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia de las aguas residuales obtenidas en la elaboración de aceitunas negras, mediante biorreactores que contienen en suspensión soportes micronizados de tipo arcilloso de distinta composición química (Sepiolita y Bentonita. Admitiendo que globalmente el proceso de digestión anaerobia sigue una cinética de primer orden, se ajustan las parejas de datos experimentales, volumen de metano acumulado (G, tiempo (t a la ecuación: G=Gm·[1-exp (-Ko·t], determinándose los valores del coeficiente de velocidad Ko, para cada caso estudiado. El soporte utilizado ejerce una influencia acusada sobre la constante cinética del proceso

  10. Discrepancies between biopsy-based and excision-based grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the important role of time between excision and biopsy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lu; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Mingyu; Jia, Lin; Zhang, Youzhong

    2015-05-01

    We sought to evaluate the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) ≤ 1 in loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) specimens after the treatment of biopsy-proven CIN 2-3, and to identify factors that are associated with the rate of CIN ≤ 1, especially focusing on the time interval between biopsy and LEEP. The goal of this research is to reduce the overtreatment of women with CIN 2-3. This was a retrospective study performed on women undergoing LEEP for biopsy-proven CIN 2-3 in Qilu hospital in Shandong, China. Patients were separated according to LEEP pathology (CIN ≤ 1 vs. CIN 2-3), and compared using the χ2 test and Student t test. The main outcome measures were pathologic discrepancy (defined as CIN 2-3 at biopsy, but CIN ≤ 1 at excision). Of the 391 women with biopsy-proven CIN 2-3, 26.9% had LEEP specimens with CIN ≤ 1 histologies. The likelihood of a CIN ≤ 1 LEEP specimen increases for greater biopsy-LEEP intervals (odds ratio, 1.374; 95% confidence interval, 1.089-1.735; P = 0.008). Cases in younger women and biopsy-assessed CIN 2 cases were both more likely to have CIN 1 or negative LEEP specimens. The rate of spontaneous histologic regression (defined as CIN ≤ 1 at resection) was 26.9%. These low-grade lesions were more common in LEEP specimens from young women with CIN 2 at biopsy, and who underwent LEEP later after the initial biopsy.

  11. Cinética de segregación de soluto a las dislocaciones parciales en Cu-5 % at. Mn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donoso, E.

    1999-02-01

    Full Text Available A model is proposed to describe, the kinetics of solute segregation to partial dislocations in solid solutions of cold-rolled alloys. The case for half-edge and half-screw dislocations is considered. The model gives account of the kinetic behaviour observed in a deformed Cu-5 at. % Mn alloy where two unknown processes were assessed during calorimetric isothermal experiments. The faster process corresponds to segregation to screw dissociated dislocations while the slower one corresponds to segregation to edge dissociated dislocations. Effective activation energies, larger for edge dislocations, are close to that for pipe diffusion along the partials corrected by pinner binding energy terms. It is also predicted that segregation occurs faster as the dislocation density is increased.

    Se propone un modelo para describir la cinética de segregación de soluto a las dislocaciones parciales en soluciones sólidas de aleaciones deformadas en frío. Se considera el caso en que la mitad de las dislocaciones son en arista y la otra mitad helicoidales. El modelo da cuenta del comportamiento cinético observado en aleaciones de Cu-5% at. Mn, durante las experiencias calorimétricas isotérmicas donde fueron estimados dos procesos. El proceso más rápido corresponde a segregación a las dislocaciones disociadas helicoidales, mientras que el más lento corresponde a la segregación a las dislocaciones disociadas en arista. Las energías efectivas de activación, las cuales son mayores para dislocaciones en arista, resultan ser cercanas a aquellas para la difusión tubular a lo largo de las componentes parciales, corregidas por términos de energía de interacción de anclaje. Se predice también que la segregación es más rápida cuando la densidad de dislocaciones aumenta.

  12. Estudio cinético del proceso de biometanización de las aguas de condensación del proceso de concentración térmica del alpechín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borja Padilla, R.

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study of biomethanation has been carried out by using condensed water from the thermal concentration process of olive mill wastewater, which contained an organic load (6 g/l COD that prevented it from reusing or spillage. Two fluidized-bed bioreactors were used, one of them containing suspend biomass for reference, and the other with biomass supported on Sepiolite for the immobilization of microorganisms effecting anaerobic digestion. The Chen-Hashimoto model of methane production has been applied, obtaining the values of the kinetic parameters μmax and K for each case studied. The results showed an increase in the kinetic constants for the reactor with Sepiolite in relation to the one used as reference, and the value for K kinetic constant was duplicated.

    Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de biometanización de las aguas de condensación procedentes del proceso de concentración térmica del alpechín, cuya carga orgánica (6,0 g/l de DQO impide su posible vertido o reutilización. Para ello, se utilizan dos reactores de lecho fluidizado, uno con biomasa suspendida (testigo y otro con biomasa soportada sobre Sepiolita para inmovilización de las bacterias responsables del proceso. Se aplica el modelo de Chen-Hashimoto de producción de metano obteniéndose los valores de los parámetros cinéticos μmax y K casos estudiados. Se obtiene un aumento de las constantes cinéticas en el reactor que contiene Sepiolita respecto al testigo, llegando a duplicarse el valor de la constante K en el reactor con biomasa soportada.

  13. Brief screening questionnaires to identify problem drinking during pregnancy: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burns, Ethel; Gray, Ron; Smith, Lesley A

    2010-04-01

    Although prenatal screening for problem drinking during pregnancy has been recommended, guidance on screening instruments is lacking. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of brief alcohol screening questionnaires to identify problem drinking in pregnant women. Electronic databases from their inception to June 2008 were searched, as well as reference lists of eligible papers and related review papers. We sought cohort or cross-sectional studies that compared one or more brief alcohol screening questionnaire(s) with reference criteria obtained using structured interviews to detect 'at-risk' drinking, alcohol abuse or dependency in pregnant women receiving prenatal care. Five studies (6724 participants) were included. In total, seven instruments were evaluated: TWEAK (Tolerance, Worried, Eye-opener, Amnesia, Kut down), T-ACE [Take (number of drinks), Annoyed, Cut down, Eye-opener], CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener], NET (Normal drinker, Eye-opener, Tolerance), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), AUDIT-C (AUDIT-consumption) and SMAST (Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test). Study quality was generally good, but lack of blinding was a common weakness. For risk drinking sensitivity was highest for T-ACE (69-88%), TWEAK (71-91%) and AUDIT-C (95%), with high specificity (71-89%, 73-83% and 85%, respectively). CAGE and SMAST performed poorly. Sensitivity of AUDIT-C at score >or=3 was high for past year alcohol dependence (100%) or alcohol use disorder (96%) with moderate specificity (71% each). For life-time alcohol dependency the AUDIT at score >or=8 performed poorly. T-ACE, TWEAK and AUDIT-C show promise for screening for risk drinking, and AUDIT-C may also be useful for identifying alcohol dependency or abuse. However, their performance as stand-alone tools is uncertain, and further evaluation of questionnaires for prenatal alcohol use is warranted.

  14. Cinética de la reacción de transesterificación del aceite de higuerilla en la obtención de biodiesel

    OpenAIRE

    Loaiza Romero, Francia Elena

    2003-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio de la cinética de la transesterificación del aceite de higuerilla con metanol e hidróxido de sodio como catalizador para la producción del metil éster de este aceite, Metil Ricinoleato. Se analizaron las posibles reacciones ocurridas mediante un mecanismo de reacción de transesterificación de un aceite vegetal con un alcohol utilizando un catalizador básico para obtener una expresión de la velocidad de reacción. Se ensayaron dos columnas cromatográficas disponibles para ...

  15. Organization of left-right coordination of neuronal activity in the mammalian spinal cord

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Shevtsova, Natalia A.; Talpalar, Adolfo E.; Markin, Sergey N.

    2015-01-01

    and the left-right synchronous hopping-like pattern in mutants lacking specific neuron classes, and speed-dependent asymmetric changes of flexor and extensor phase durations. The models provide insights into the architecture of spinal network and the organization of parallel inhibitory and excitatory CIN....... In this study, we construct and analyse two computational models of spinal locomotor circuits consisting of left and right rhythm generators interacting bilaterally via several neuronal pathways mediated by different CINs. The CIN populations incorporated in the models include the genetically identified...... inhibitory (V0D) and excitatory (V0V) subtypes of V0 CINs and excitatory V3 CINs. The model also includes the ipsilaterally projecting excitatory V2a interneurons mediating excitatory drive to the V0V CINs. The proposed network architectures and CIN connectivity allow the models to closely reproduce...

  16. Un cinéma palestinien « en mal d’archive » The “Archive Fever” of Palestinian Cinema

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laure Fourest

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available À partir de l’analyse de trois films palestiniens réalisés dans les années 2000, cet article propose d’interroger l’insertion d’images d’archives par les cinéastes dans leur montage : quelles stratégies mettent-ils en œuvre et à quelles fins ? Qu’apportent des images d’archives en plus des témoignages filmés ? Comment le recours à ces images permet-il de participer au débat historiographique qui sous-tend et détermine en partie le conflit israélo-palestinien ? Dans le contexte palestinien où il n’existe pas d’institution archivistique officielle, les archives sont porteuses d’enjeux particulièrement saillants, donnant lieu à un véritable « mal d’archive ». Celui-ci fait naître une multiplicité de stratégies cinématographiques visant à questionner cette zone d’inconfort, où le maniement des qualités émotionnelles et sensorielles de l’archive peut être un moyen de faire preuve.Through the analysis of three Palestinian films created in the 2000-2010 period, this article considers filmmakers’ insertion of archival images in their montages: what strategies do they employ and for what purpose? What do archival images add to filmed testimony? How does the use of these images enable participation in the historiographical debate underlying and partly determining the Israel-Palestine conflict? In the Palestinian context, where no official archive institution exists, archives entail particularly salient issues, making their lack truly sore. This generates a multiplicity of cinematographic strategies aiming to challenge this discomfort zone, where the manipulation of the emotional and sensorial qualities of archives can be a means of proving something.

  17. Comparação de Modelos Matemáticos da Cinética de Secagem de cascas de Manga Espada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anastácia Maria Mikaella Campos Nóbrega André

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available A transformação das cascas da manga em farinha pode ser um processo viabilizador e propulsor, devido à praticidade de uso, redução da perecibilidade e do volume a ser transportado, com isto pesquisas envolvendo métodos de obtenção da mesma são necessárias. Objetivou-se neste estudo secar cascas de manga espada pré tratadas osmoticamente nas concentrações de 45, 55 e 65 °Brix, e secador de ar aquecido nas temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70 °C. As cascas da manga da variedade espada foram imersas em soluções de sacarose de 40°, 45° e 50°Brix na proporção de 1:4 (g/g fruto/xarope por um período de 4 horas a temperatura ambiente média de 28 °C. As amostras desidratadas foram acondicionadas em cestas pré identificadas e levadas para um secador com circulação forçada de ar nas temperaturas 50, 60 e 70°C em três repetições, para descrição da cinética de secagem foram utilizados os modelos de regressão não linear propostos por Henderson & Pabis, Lewis, Logaritmo e Page. Utilizando - se a análise de regressão não-linear, pelo método Quasi-Newton, as curvas de secagem obtidas experimentalmente foram ajustadas por meio do programa computacional Statistica versão 7.0. Dentre os modelos de secagem estudados, o proposto por Lewis se ajusta satisfatoriamente às curvas de secagem obtidas experimentalmente, a temperatura de secagem é fortemente influenciada na cinética, com o menor tempo a 70ºC e o maior a 50°C.

  18. Feasibility of a self-administered survey to identify primary care patients at risk of medication-related problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Makowsky MJ

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Mark J Makowsky,1 Andrew J Cave,2 Scot H Simpson1 1Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Background and objectives: Pharmacists working in primary care clinics are well positioned to help optimize medication management of community-dwelling patients who are at high risk of experiencing medication-related problems. However, it is often difficult to identify these patients. Our objective was to test the feasibility of a self-administered patient survey, to facilitate identification of patients at high risk of medication-related problems in a family medicine clinic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, paper-based survey at the University of Alberta Hospital Family Medicine Clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, which serves approximately 7,000 patients, with 25,000 consultations per year. Adult patients attending the clinic were invited to complete a ten-item questionnaire, adapted from previously validated surveys, while waiting to be seen by the physician. Outcomes of interest included: time to complete the questionnaire, staff feedback regarding impact on workflow, and the proportion of patients who reported three or more risk factors for medication-related problems. Results: The questionnaire took less than 5 minutes to complete, according to the patient's report on the last page of the questionnaire. The median age (and interquartile range of respondents was 57 (45–69 years; 59% were women; 47% reported being in very good or excellent health; 43 respondents of 100 had three or more risk factors, and met the definition for being at high risk of a medication-related problem. Conclusions: Distribution of a self-administered questionnaire did not disrupt patients, or the clinic workflow, and identified an important proportion of patients at high risk of medication-related problems. Keywords: screening tool, pharmacists, primary

  19. Caroline Surmann, Cinéma et théâtre chez Jean Cocteau. Intermédialité et esthétique

    OpenAIRE

    Brangé, Mireille

    2016-01-01

    Dans une démarche artistique considérée comme essentiellement multimédiale et «déambulant entre les arts» (p. 12), la relation établie entre cinéma et théâtre par Cocteau est un terrain de choix pour envisager sa pratique intermédiale. L’A. précise ce concept travaillé d’abord en Allemagne et au Canada et le plus souvent seulement approché en France, et offre une introduction théorique appréciable (pp. 13-15; 47-67) en l’absence, à notre connaissance, de toute traduction française des textes ...

  20. Aproximación de las expresiones cinéticas en las estapas de pretratamiento ácido y basico del bagazo

    OpenAIRE

    Granado Ojito, Jany; Cornes Izquierdo, Yaniset; Albernas Carvajal, Yailet; Corsano, Gabriela; Gonzalez Suarez, Erenio; Santos, Ronaldo; Mesa, Leyanis

    2016-01-01

    Se presenta la determinación de las expresiones de velocidad de la hidrólisis ácida del bagazo de caña de azúcar empleando ácido sulfúrico, obteniendo así el modelo cinético aproximado. Para el diseño experimental del pretratamiento ácido se elaboró un diseño factorial 22 , variando la temperatura de reacción (175-185ºC) y la concentración de ácido sulfúrico (0-1.25 %). Para el pretratamiento básico se elaboró un diseño factorial 23 , con una temperatura de reacción (175-195ºC), una concentra...

  1. Estudio cinético comparativo del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín en los intervalos mesofílico y termofílico de temperatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borja Padilla, R.

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study of anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in the mesophilic (from 30ºC to 40°C and thermophilic (from 50ºC to 60ºC ranges of temperature has been carried out. Two reactors containing suspended biomass were used. The Chen-Hashimoto substrate utilization kinetic model has been applied, obtaining the values of the maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms, μmax,. and the kinetic constant, K, for each case studied. The obtained results showed an increase of 55% and 34% for μmax and K, respectively, of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process in relation to the mesophilic process. The substrate utilization maximum rate value was reached for the hydraulic retention times of 7,7 and 11,6 days, for the thermophilic and mesophilic processes, respectively.

    Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín en los intervalos mesofílico (de 30ºC a 40ºC y termofílico (de 50ºC a 60°C de temperatura, utilizando dos reactores de lecho fluidizado con biomasa suspendida. Se aplica el modelo de utilización de sustrato propuesto por Chen- Hashimoto, obteniéndose los valores de la velocidad máxima de crecimiento específico de microorganismos, μmax, y de la constante cinética del proceso, K, para cada uno de los casos estudiados. Se obtiene un aumento de los parámetros cinéticos μmax. y K, del 55% y 34% respectivamente, en el proceso de digestión anaerobia termofílico respecto al mesofílico. El valor máximo en la velocidad volumétrica de utilización de sustrato se alcanza para un tiempo de retención hidráulico de 7,7 y 11,6 días en los procesos termofílico y mesofílico, respectivamente.

  2. Etude comparative de la cinétique de la réaction d’hydratation des bétons autoplaçants et des bétons vibrés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ahmed Gargouri

    2014-04-01

    En effet, la nature exothermique de la réaction chimique du ciment peut induire des déformations de dilatation et de contraction. Par ailleurs, la dépression capillaire crée par la consommation d’eau due à l’hydratation du ciment entraine un retrait de dessiccation. Ces déformations peuvent entrainer des micros fissurations pouvant affecter la durabilité de l’ouvrage à long terme surtout pour les ouvrages épais. D’où l’importance d’étudier la cinétique d’hydratation de ses bétons non conventionnels et de les comparer à celle des bétons vibrés traditionnels. L’évolution de la température adiabatique ainsi que la variation en fonction du temps du degré d’hydratation sont déterminées pour le béton autoplaçant et le béton vibré. L’analyse des résultats expérimentaux obtenus montre que le changement de composition modifie considérablement la cinétique de la réaction d’hydratation.

  3. Identifying and eliminating the problem with Einstein's cosmological constant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Myers, Zachary

    2005-12-01

    The cosmological constant, L, was first introduced into Einstein's field equations in the early 20 th century. It was introduced as a quantity of outward-pushing energy in space that would counteract the contracting force of gravity thereby keeping the universe in a balanced and static state. Einstein willingly removed it once the universe was observed to be dynamic rather than static. However, as the decades have gone by, L has maintained its supporters and has continually been reintroduced to solve problems in cosmology. Presently, there is good reason to believe that L or something like it is indeed present in our universe. In the 1960s, in an effort to provide a physical basis for L, particle physicists turned to quantum vacuum energy and have since estimated a value for L to be ~ 10 110 erg/cm 3 , which happens to be significantly greater than its observationally constrained value of ~ 10 10 erg/cm 3 . This discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude has come to be known as the cosmological constant problem. Any effort to resolve the inconsistency must also account for the various observations we attribute to L, such as cosmic inflation and cosmic acceleration. To date, there are two basic approaches to resolving the cosmological constant problem that we may call the Identity approach and the Eliminativist approach. The Identity approach entails that vacuum energy is responsible for all the relevant observations and the problem is to be solved by some cancellation mechanism within the internal components of the vacuum. The Eliminativist approach explicitly rejects the reality and cosmological efficacy of vacuum energy, seeks alternative explanations for the observations and eliminates the cosmological constant problem by eliminating the cosmological constant. The benefit of having a crisis between these two views at this particular stage in cosmology's history is that they can be tested against each other in an experimental situation. Whatever the outcome of the

  4. Problems Identifying Independent and Dependent Variables

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leatham, Keith R.

    2012-01-01

    This paper discusses one step from the scientific method--that of identifying independent and dependent variables--from both scientific and mathematical perspectives. It begins by analyzing an episode from a middle school mathematics classroom that illustrates the need for students and teachers alike to develop a robust understanding of…

  5. Enhanced Cognitive Walkthrough: Development of the Cognitive Walkthrough Method to Better Predict, Identify, and Present Usability Problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lars-Ola Bligård

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available To avoid use errors when handling medical equipment, it is important to develop products with a high degree of usability. This can be achieved by performing usability evaluations in the product development process to detect and mitigate potential usability problems. A commonly used method is cognitive walkthrough (CW, but this method shows three weaknesses: poor high-level perspective, insufficient categorisation of detected usability problems, and difficulties in overviewing the analytical results. This paper presents a further development of CW with the aim of overcoming its weaknesses. The new method is called enhanced cognitive walkthrough (ECW. ECW is a proactive analytical method for analysis of potential usability problems. The ECW method has been employed to evaluate user interface designs of medical equipment such as home-care ventilators, infusion pumps, dialysis machines, and insulin pumps. The method has proved capable of identifying several potential use problems in designs.

  6. Identifying indicators of harmful and problem gambling in a Canadian sample through receiver operating characteristic analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quilty, Lena C; Avila Murati, Daniela; Bagby, R Michael

    2014-03-01

    Many gamblers would prefer to reduce gambling on their own rather than to adopt an abstinence approach within the context of a gambling treatment program. Yet responsible gambling guidelines lack quantifiable markers to guide gamblers in wagering safely. To address these issues, the current investigation implemented receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify behavioral indicators of harmful and problem gambling. Gambling involvement was assessed in 503 participants (275 psychiatric outpatients and 228 community gamblers) with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Overall gambling frequency, duration, and expenditure were able to distinguish harmful and problematic gambling at a moderate level. Indicators of harmful gambling were generated for engagement in specific gambling activities: frequency of tickets and casino; duration of bingo, casino, and investments; and expenditures on bingo, casino, sports betting, games of skill, and investments. Indicators of problem gambling were similarly produced for frequency of tickets and casino, and expenditures on bingo, casino, games of skill, and investments. Logistic regression analyses revealed that overall gambling frequency uniquely predicted the presence of harmful and problem gambling. Furthermore, frequency indicators for tickets and casino uniquely predicted the presence of both harmful and problem gambling. Together, these findings contribute to the development of an empirically based method enabling the minimization of harmful or problem gambling through self-control rather than abstinence.

  7. Investigación cinética de la oxidación térmica de sulfuros mixtos de níquel y cobalto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José N. Muñoz-Gómez

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available La precipitación de sulfuros mixtos de Ni y Co constituye una de las etapas del proceso tecnológico carbonato- amoniacal en la industria niquelera Ernesto Guevara, ubicada en Moa; sin embargo, la rápida oxidación de estos sulfuros al entrar en contacto con el aire dificulta su almacenamiento y transportación. Se exponen los resultados de la caracterización química, por difracción de Rayos X y análisis mineragráfico de los sulfuros mixtos, y de la investigación cinética de la oxidación térmica de las muestras a régimen isotérmico y no isotérmico. Se determina el modelo más probable y los parámetros cinéticos de las transformaciones físico-químicas que tienen lugar en el proceso de oxidación. Se concluye que la oxidación del concentrado del sulfuro mixto sigue las etapas siguientes: eliminación de agua y amoniaco, degradación de los sulfuros superiores, formación de los sulfatos y la degradación de los sulfatos hasta óxidos. La degradación de los sulfuros hasta óxidos ocurre mediante el modelo de crecimiento bidimensional G1, siendo la etapa limitante la velocidad de difusión de los productos gaseosos a través de la capa de óxido en formación.

  8. Los Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera asociados con agallas de Cinípidos (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae en la Comunidad de Madrid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez, J. F.

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available Information about the chalcid wasp parasitoid community (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea associated with galls of Cynipidae in Madrid (Spain is compiled and updated. Studied material includes more than 1000 published and unpublished records from samplings in 80 sites in the Madrid region carried out over twenty three years by the research team. A check-list of 121 species, 19 of them provisionally identified, from 6 families of Chalcidoidea is provided as follows: 26 Eurytomidae, 27 Torymidae, 9 Ormyridae, 33 Pteromalidae, 9 Eupelmidae and 17 Eulophidae. Ormyrus rufimanus Mayr, 1904 and Idiomacromerus semiaeneus (Szelenyi, 1957 are recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. For each family and genus of Chalcidoidea data are given on biology, diversity and distribution in Comunidad de Madrid. The composition of the chalcid wasp parasitoid community associated with gall wasps in Comunidad de Madrid is discussed and compared to the same community data from the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Palaearctic. Species from the Iberian community of chalcid parasitoids that are missing from Madrid region, exclusive species and potentially present species are also commented upon. Finally two appendices are presented as follows: a list of the Chalcidoidea species reared from 73 different galls made by 71 cynipid species from Madrid with associated parasitoid records, and a final appendix with full record data of all studied material, including information on the sampling localities with X, Y georeferenced coordinates, host galls and host plants.

    Se compila y actualiza la información existente sobre la comunidad parasitoide de Chalcidoidea, asociada a agallas de cinípidos (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae en la Comunidad de Madrid. Los datos corresponden a más de 1000 registros, tanto de datos publicados, como inéditos, correspondientes a colectas en 80 localidades de Madrid efectuadas por el equipo investigador a lo largo de 23 a

  9. Cinética de imbibición e isotermas de adsorción de humedad de la semilla de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

    OpenAIRE

    S. Domínguez-Domínguez

    2007-01-01

    La jamaica es un arbusto que se cultiva para comercializar el cáliz de sus flores, pero como subproducto se obtienen las semillas, que por su valor nutritivo y alto rendimiento representan un potencial económico considerable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la cinética de imbibición y las isotermas de adsorción de humedad a 25, 35 y 45ºC en tres variedades cultivadas en México ("Criolla", "China" y "Sudán"). Los resultados mostraron que el proceso de imbibición describe una curva qu...

  10. Epoxidación de aceite de soja refinado mediante oxígeno molecular. Influencia de las variables. Estudio cinético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martínez de la Cuesta, P. J.

    1991-02-01

    Full Text Available The influences of temperature, concentration of catalyst and initial concentration of unsaturation on epoxide formation and esters from oleic and linoleic acids disappearance in liquid phase epoxidation reaction by molecular oxygen of soy-bean oil using molibdenyl-acetylacetonate as catalyst, has been studied. From experimental data obtained by a complex factorial design, an equation for epoxide formation reaction rate as a function of temperature, catalyst concentration and unsaturation initial concentration were deduced. A kinetic model is proposed too and using a calculation program based on 4th Order Runge-Kutta numerical procedure to simulate the reactions that took place, the kinetic coefficients and activation energies that best fitted the calculated data to the experimental data were determined.

    Se ha estudiado la influencia de la temperatura, concentración de catalizador y concentración inicial de insaturación sobre la formación de epóxido y desaparición de los esteres de los ácidos oleico y linoleico, en la reacción de epoxidación en fase líquida de aceite de soja con oxígeno molecular usando acetilacetonato de molibdenilo (AAMo como catalizador. A partir de los datos, obtenidos según un diseño factorial complejo, se ha deducido una ecuación para la velocidad de formación de epóxido en función de las tres variables estudiadas. Se propone también un modelo cinético a partir del cual, y siguiendo el método numérico de Runge-Kutta que simula la reacción que tiene lugar, se determinan los valores de las constantes cinéticas y respectivas energías de activación.

  11. Physical status and viral load in women with positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in uterine cervix

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Byoung Gie; Lee, Eui Don; Zin, Yong Jae

    1998-01-01

    This study was performed to determine the frequency of viral integration and viral load in women with positive HPV type 16 infection, and showing normal findings, CIN, and cervical cancer. Total 75 (normal, 15; CIN I, 20; CIN III, 20; cervical cancer, 20) cervical swab specimens were used. HPV detection, typing, and viral load was determined by PCR method. Seventy of 75 (93.3%) of cervical swab specimens showed same results with hybrid capture assay and PCR method for detecting HPV DNA. HPV type 16 DNA was identified more frequently with progression from normal to cervical cancer (normal, 13 %; CIN I, 15%; CIN III, 40 %; cervical cancer, 55 %). The frequency of HPV type 16 DNA integration also increased with grade of the lesion (normal, 0 %; CIN I, 33 %; CIN III, 87 %; cervical cancer, 91 %) suggesting most of HPV type 16 present as integration forms in the cells. In addition, high-level of HPV 16 viral load also was found more frequently in CIN III and cervical cancer (normal, 0 %; CIN I, 0 %; CIN III, 87 %; cervical cancer, 100 %). These results suggest that viral integration and high-level of viral load may play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis. (author). 13 refs., 5 figs

  12. Single-Cell Based Quantitative Assay of Chromosome Transmission Fidelity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Jin; Heinecke, Dominic; Mulla, Wahid A; Bradford, William D; Rubinstein, Boris; Box, Andrew; Haug, Jeffrey S; Li, Rong

    2015-03-30

    Errors in mitosis are a primary cause of chromosome instability (CIN), generating aneuploid progeny cells. Whereas a variety of factors can influence CIN, under most conditions mitotic errors are rare events that have been difficult to measure accurately. Here we report a green fluorescent protein-based quantitative chromosome transmission fidelity (qCTF) assay in budding yeast that allows sensitive and quantitative detection of CIN and can be easily adapted to high-throughput analysis. Using the qCTF assay, we performed genome-wide quantitative profiling of genes that affect CIN in a dosage-dependent manner and identified genes that elevate CIN when either increased (icCIN) or decreased in copy number (dcCIN). Unexpectedly, qCTF screening also revealed genes whose change in copy number quantitatively suppress CIN, suggesting that the basal error rate of the wild-type genome is not minimized, but rather, may have evolved toward an optimal level that balances both stability and low-level karyotype variation for evolutionary adaptation. Copyright © 2015 Zhu et al.

  13. À la croisée des univers du transmedia, de la marque et de la franchise dans l’industrie cinématographique

    OpenAIRE

    Laurichesse, Hélène

    2012-01-01

    La montée en puissance de la stratégie de marque et celle de la création transmedia dans les industries créatives nous a conduits à questionner les relations à établir entre ces deux tendances assez systématiquement associées dans la littérature. Sont-elles finalement indépendantes ou interdépendantes ? Nous verrons ainsi que la marque dans le secteur cinématographique n’est pas nécessairement transmedia, mais que la création transmedia s’inscrit de manière plus évidente et plus aboutie que l...

  14. Parents' evaluation of developmental status: how well do parents' concerns identify children with behavioral and emotional problems?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Glascoe, Frances Page

    2003-03-01

    This study was undertaken to determine which parental concerns are most associated with significant behavioral/emotional problems and the extent to which parents' concerns can be depended on in the detection of mental health problems. An additional goal is to view how well a recently published screening test relying on parents' concerns, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), detects behavioral and emotional problems. Subjects were a national sample of 472 parents and their children (21 months to 8 years old) who were participants in 1 of 2 test standardization and validation studies. Sites included various pediatric settings, public schools, and Head Start programs in 5 diverse geographic locations. Subjects were representative of U.S. demographics in terms of ethnicity, parental level of education, gender, and socioeconomic status. At each site, psychological examiners, educational diagnosticians, or school psychologists recruited families, and obtained informed consent. Examiners disseminated a demographics questionnaire (in English or Spanish) and a developmental screening test that relies on parents' concerns (PEDS). Examiners were blinded to PEDS' scoring and interpretation administered either by interview or in writing, the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) or the Possible Problems Checklist (PPC), a subtest of the Child Development Inventory that includes items measuring emotional well-being and behavioral self-control. PEDS was used to sort children into risk for developmental disabilities according to various types of parental concern. Those identified as having high or moderate risk were nominated for diagnostic testing or screening followed by developmental and mental health services when indicated. Because their emotional and behavioral needs would have been identified and addressed, these groups were removed from the analysis (N = 177). Of the 295 children who would not have been nominated for further scrutiny on PEDS due to their

  15. Análisis de estabilidad del reactor PFTR para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizando la funcional de Lyapunov

    OpenAIRE

    Héctor Armando Durán Peralta; Luis Fernando Córdoba C

    2007-01-01

    Abunda la literatura referente al análisis de estabilidad de reactores con parámetros globalizados de concentración y temperatura (por ejemplo el CSTR), en cambio es escasa la literatura sobre la estabilidad de reactores con parámetros distribuidos donde existe distribución espacial de concentración y temperatura, como es el caso del reactor tubular PFTR. Este documento analiza la estabilidad del reactor PFTR isotérmico y no isotérmico para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizando...

  16. Análisis de estabilidad del reactor pftr para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizando la funcional de lyapunov

    OpenAIRE

    Durán Peralta, Héctor Armando; Córdoba C, Luis Fernando

    2010-01-01

    Abunda la literatura referente al análisis de estabilidad de reactores con parámetros globalizados de concentración y temperatura (por ejemplo el CSTR), en cambio es escasa la literatura sobre la estabilidad de reactores con parámetros distribuidos donde existe distribución espacial de concentración y temperatura, como es el caso del reactor tubular PFTR. Este documento analiza la estabilidad del reactor PFTR isotérmico y no isotérmico para una reacción con cinética de primer orden utilizand...

  17. Les Offices du cinéma scolaire et éducateur à l’épreuve des publics The Educational Cinema Offices and their publics in France between the two World Wars

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pascal Laborderie

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available En France, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, les Offices du cinéma scolaire et éducateur constituèrent un réseau d’enseignement, d’éducation et de propagande par le cinéma. Comment évaluer les effets de ce dispositif ? Tout d’abord, nous considérons les dispositifs mis en œuvre par les Offices comme une réponse à la diversité des publics, enfants ou adultes, hommes ou femmes, des mondes ouvriers ou des classes intermédiaires, des espaces ruraux ou urbains, de métropole ou des colonies. Puis l’intérêt du cinéma en matière d’enseignement devant un public d’enfants est envisagé à partir des discours des enseignants. Enfin cet article aborde la représentation des enseignants concernant la propagande pour adultes. Des discours à la réalité, il est finalement proposé que cette propagande a surtout permis de faire travailler ensemble les animateurs des Offices au moment même où les divers mouvements du centre et de la gauche étaient divisés.In France, between the two World Wars, the Educational Cinema Offices built a network of teaching, education and propaganda using cinema. How can the effects of this network be assessed? First of all, we examine the plans of action implemented by the Educational Cinema Offices as an answer to the multiplicity of the audiences, children and adults, men or women, working and middle classes, from rural or urban places, from mainland France or colonies. Then the interest of cinema as a matter of teaching in front of children is considered from speeches of teachers. Finally, this article tackles the opinion of the teachers on the propaganda for adults. From speeches to reality, we suggest that this propaganda especially made the driving forces of the Offices work together when the various movements of the centre and of the left wings were divided.

  18. Influência da declividade do solo e da energia cinética de chuvas simuladas no processo de erosão entre sulcos Influence of the soil slope and kinetic energy of simulated precipitation in the channel interrill erosion process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo S.S. Amorim

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Utilizou-se um simulador de chuvas e um canal de solo para se avaliar o efeito da declividade da superfície do solo e da energia cinética decorrente das chuvas simuladas nas perdas de solo em áreas entre sulcos. O experimento consistiu de um esquema fatorial, com cinco valores de energia cinética (495, 832, 1.151, 1.541 e 1.959 J m-2 correspondentes às intensidades de precipitação de 30, 46, 69, 88 e 107 mm h-1, respectivamente, e cinco declividades da superfície do solo (2, 6, 10, 14 e 18%. Nos testes foi utilizado o horizonte A de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. A perda de solo foi determinada pelo método direto e uma equação de regressão foi obtida, tendo-se como variável dependente a perda de solo e, como variáveis independentes, a declividade da superfície do solo e a energia cinética da precipitação. Os resultados mostraram que a perda acumulada de solo ao longo do tempo apresentou comportamento com tendência linear proporcionando, desta forma, taxas de perda de solo constantes ao longo dos testes e que a perda total de solo aumentou à medida que os valores de declividade da superfície do solo e energia cinética foram aumentados, sendo que o efeito da declividade na perda de solo foi menos expressivo que o da energia cinética.A rainfall simulator and a soil channel were used to evaluate the effect of the soil slope and kinetic energy of simulated rainfall on the soil loss for interrill areas. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement, with five values of kinetic energy (495, 832, 1,151, 1,541 e 1,959 J m-2 corresponding to precipitation intensities of 30, 46, 69, 88 and 107 mm h-1, respectively, and five soil slopes (2, 6, 10, 14 and 18%. In the test, a horizon of a Red Yellow Latosol soil was used. The soil loss was determined by direct method and a regression equation was obtained relating the soil loss with the soil slope and kinetic energy. The results showed that the accumulated soil loss with time

  19. Arte Cinética e linguagem matemática: os desafios interdisciplinares de Jesús Soto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariela Brazón Hernández

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda os diálogos que o artista Jesús Soto — pioneiro da arte cinética — estabelece com a linguagem matemática, movido pelo desejo de atingir a máxima objetividade no processo criativo e de garantir à obra um alcance universal. Objetividade e universalidade são valores que Soto persegue ao longo da sua produção, impulsionado, basicamente, por uma confiança plena na ciência e nos seus princípios reitores. Assim, a matemática instaura-se como um importante recurso estrutural que o ajuda a gerar imagens independentes do seu universo subjetivo. Mais ainda, Soto insiste em concretizar a obra mediante uma linguagem que considera compreensível por todos (a abstração, e trabalha para que ela seja apreendida em seus aspectos mais essenciais. Para satisfazer os requerimentos de universalidade e objetividade, o artista apóia certos passos do processo criativo em fórmulas e relações matemáticas predefinidas ou em parâmetros gerados aleatoriamente.

  20. Estudo e modelagem da cinética de desidratação osmótica do mamão formosa (Carica papaya L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    El-Aquar Ânoar Abbas

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da cinética e modelagem do processo de desidratação osmótica de cubos de mamão Formosa (Carica papaya L., assim como da qualidade do produto final. O tratamento osmótico foi conduzido a 30ºC, com agitação de 110rpm, utilizando-se dois tipos de soluções de sacarose 70ºBrix: a primeira contendo lactato de sódio 2,4% p/p e ácido láctico 0,1M e a segunda com lactato de sódio 2,4% p/p e ácido cítrico 0,1M. O estudo da cinética de desidratação osmótica mostrou que a solução contendo ácido cítrico apresentou valor de perda de água (WL, ao final de 48 horas de processo, ligeiramente superior ao encontrado para a solução contendo ácido láctico. Comportamento contrário ocorreu para o ganho de sólidos (SG. O ajuste dos dados experimentais foi realizado através do modelo difusional para geometria cúbica, sem considerar encolhimento durante o processo e um modelo empírico de dois parâmetros. Os coeficientes de difusividade efetiva de água (Def variaram de 1,27 a 5,03 x 10-10 m²/s. A qualidade da fruta após processamento foi avaliada através de análises de vitamina C, carotenóides totais, acidez e pH.

  1. Modelamiento de la cinética de desinfección superficial de tomates (Lycopersicum esculentum frescos usando soluciones de cloro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Solano Cornejo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Tomates frescos variedad italiana fueron sometidos a procesos de desinfección superficial utilizando soluciones de h ipoclorito de c alcio para determinar su eficiencia germicida y la cinética que gobierna el proceso de inactivación superficial en gérmenes a erobios mesófilos, levaduras y mohos. El cloro como desinfectante superficial fue eficaz contra bacterias aerobias mesófilas, levaduras y mohos en ese orden, la resistencia de los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos, de las levaduras y de los mohos expresados en s us valores z cloro fue de 455, 500 y 625 ppm respectivamente. Los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos presentes en la superficie del tomate muestran una mayor resistencia a la desinfección por c loro conforme el tiempo de contacto germen - cáscara es mayor, debido a u na mayor adherencia a la cáscara lo que dificulta la acción de c loro sobre los gérmenes; esté efecto no se presentó en el caso de l evaduras ni de m ohos . Los valores D cloro 20ºC experimentales y los valores D cloro 20ºC predichos por el P rimer M odelo de Bige low se ajustaron con una correlación de entre 0 , 91 y 0 , 99. Los valores z cloro experimentales y los v alores z cloro predichos por el S egundo Modelo de Bigelow se ajustaron con una correlación de 0 , 72 a 0 , 86. La variabilidad en los valores z cloro se debió a que los gérmenes analizados para validar el m odelo propuesto estuvieron compuestos por diversos géneros. Así , el Método de Bigelow aplicado a la cinética de inactivación superficial con c loro fue validado.

  2. Low Risk of Cervical Cancer/Precancer Among Most Women Under Surveillance Postcolposcopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Demarco, Maria; Cheung, Li C; Kinney, Walter K; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Lorey, Thomas S; Fetterman, Barbara; Poitras, Nancy E; Befano, Brian; Castle, Philip E; Schiffman, Mark

    2018-04-01

    To inform impending postcolposcopy guidelines, this analysis examined the subsequent risk of CIN 3+ among women with a grade lower than CIN 2 (< CIN 2) colposcopy results, taking into account the referring results that brought them to colposcopy and cotest results postcolposcopy. We analyzed 107,005 women from 25 to 65 years old, recommended for colposcopy at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. We estimated absolute risks of CIN 3+ among women: (1) recommended for colposcopy (precolposcopy), (2) following colposcopy and with histology results < CIN 2 (postcolposcopy), and (3) with cotest results 12 months after a < CIN 2 colposcopy (return cotest). After colposcopy showing < CIN 2 (n = 69,790; 87% of the women at colposcopy), the 1-year risk of CIN 3+ was 1.2%, compared with 6.3% at the time of colposcopy recommendation. Negative cotest results 1 year after colposcopy identified a large group (37.1%) of women whose risk of CIN 3+ (i.e., <0.2% at 3 years after postcolposcopy cotest) was comparable with women with normal cytology in the screening population. These risks are consistent with current guidelines recommending repeat cotesting 12 months after colposcopy < CIN 2 and a 3-year return for women with a negative postcolposcopy cotest. Most women are at low risk of subsequent CIN 3+ after a colposcopy showing < CIN 2, especially those who are human papillomavirus-negative postcolposcopy, consistent with current management guidelines for repeat testing intervals. Before the finalizing the upcoming guidelines, we will consider additional rounds of postcolposcopy cotesting.

  3. Using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index to Identify College Students at Risk for Mental Health Problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Downs, Andrew; Boucher, Laura A.; Campbell, Duncan G.; Polyakov, Anita

    2017-01-01

    There is a clear need for colleges to do a better job of identifying students who may benefit from treatment and encouraging those students to actually seek help (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010). Indeed, research suggests that population-based screening can encourage college students who are at risk for mental health problems to seek treatment (Kim,…

  4. Immunohistochemical Expression of VEGF and Podoplanin in Uterine Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Napoli Belfort-Mattos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available VEGF and podoplanin (PDPN have been identified as angiogenesis and/or lymphangiogenesis regulators and might be essential to restrict tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. In the present study, we evaluate the association between the expression of these markers and CIN grade. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 234 uterine cervical samples using conventional histologic sections or TMA with the monoclonal antibodies to VEGF (C-1 clone and podoplanin (D2-40 clone. Positive-staining rates of VEGF in 191 CIN specimens were significantly associated with histological grade (P<0.001. Negative and/or focal immunostaining for PDPN were more frequent in CIN 3 (P=0.016. We found that patients with CIN 3 more frequently had strong and more diffuse staining for VEGF and diminished staining for PDPN (P=0.018. Strong and more diffuse VEGF immunoexpressions in CIN 2 and CIN 3 were detected when compared to CIN 1. Negative and/or focal PDPN immunoexpression appear to be more frequent in CIN 3. Moderate to strong VEGF expression may be a tendency among patients with high-grade lesions and diminished PDPN expression.

  5. Can Students Identify the Relevant Information to Solve a Problem?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lishan; Yu, Shengquan; Li, Baoping; Wang, Jing

    2017-01-01

    Solving non-routine problems is one of the most important skills for the 21st century. Traditional paper-pencil tests cannot assess this type of skill well because of their lack of interactivity and inability to capture procedural data. Tools such as MicroDYN and MicroFIN have proved to be trustworthy in assessing complex problem-solving…

  6. Estudio cinético del efecto de polifenilsulfona sobre el curado de una resina epoxi/amina mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido convencional y modulada con temperatura: parte II Kinetic study on the effect of curing polyphenylsulfone epoxy resin/amina by differential calorimetry scanning conventional and modulated temperature: part II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asdrúbal J. Cedeño

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la adición del termoplástico lineal polifenilsulfona (PPSU, sobre la cinética de reacción y las propiedades térmicas de una resina epoxídica basada en diglicidil éter de bisfenol - A (DGEBA, curada con diaminodifenilsulfona (DDS. El estudio cinético y la caracterización se realizaron mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido, DSC estándar y modulado, bajo condiciones isotérmicas y dinámicas. La cinética del curado se discutió en el marco de tres modelos cinéticos: Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa y el modelo cinético de orden n. Para describir la reacción de curado en su última etapa, se usó la relación semiempírica propuesta por Chern y Poehlein para considerar la influencia de la difusión sobre la rapidez de reacción. El mecanismo de curado, para todos los sistemas, se ajustó a una cinética de orden n, a pesar del contenido de PPSU, y se observó que éste se hace muy controlado por la difusión conforme aumenta el contenido de PPSU y conforme la temperatura de curado disminuye. El tiempo de vitrificación de los sistemas exhibió una fuerte dependencia con el contenido de PPSU.In this work we studied the effect of the addition of the linear thermoplastic polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU on the cure kinetics and the thermal properties of a resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA, cured with 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS. The kinetic study and the characterization process have been carried out by using differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC, under isothermal and dynamic conditions. The curing kinetics was discussed in the framework of three kinetic models: Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and the model of reaction of order n. To describe the cured reaction in its last stage, we have used the semiempirical relationship proposed by Chern and Poehlein to take into account the influence of diffusion on the reaction rate. The cure mechanism

  7. Cinética de cristalización del poliéster secuencial derivado del ácido glicólico y ácido 4-hidroxibutírico

    OpenAIRE

    Casanova Rodríguez, Mireya

    2007-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este Proyecto Final de Carrera es el estudio de la cinética de cristalización del poliéster secuencial poli[ácido 4-hidroxibutírico)-alt-(ácido glicólico)]. El polímero estudiado es un nuevo material que presenta interés como material biodegradable para aplicaciones en biomedicina, como por ejemplo su utilización como sistema liberador de fármacos. Mediante calorimetría se determinan los parámetros térmicos importantes como son la temperatura fusión,...

  8. Post-head-emergence frost in wheat and barley: defining the problem, assessing the damage, and identifying resistance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frederiks, T M; Christopher, J T; Sutherland, M W; Borrell, A K

    2015-06-01

    Radiant frost is a significant production constraint to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), particularly in regions where spring-habit cereals are grown through winter, maturing in spring. However, damage to winter-habit cereals in reproductive stages is also reported. Crops are particularly susceptible to frost once awns or spikes emerge from the protection of the flag leaf sheath. Post-head-emergence frost (PHEF) is a problem distinct from other cold-mediated production constraints. To date, useful increased PHEF resistance in cereals has not been identified. Given the renewed interest in reproductive frost damage in cereals, it is timely to review the problem. Here we update the extent and impacts of PHEF and document current management options to combat this challenge. We clarify terminology useful for discussing PHEF in relation to chilling and other freezing stresses. We discuss problems characterizing radiant frost, the environmental conditions leading to PHEF damage, and the effects of frost at different growth stages. PHEF resistant cultivars would be highly desirable, to both reduce the incidence of direct frost damage and to allow the timing of crop maturity to be managed to maximize yield potential. A framework of potential adaptation mechanisms is outlined. Clarification of these critical issues will sharpen research focus, improving opportunities to identify genetic sources for improved PHEF resistance. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  9. Cinética do P nos tecidos de suínos em crescimento alimentados com dietas formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal e suplementadas com enzima fitase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.A. Moreira

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da enzima fitase sobre a cinética do P nos tecidos de suínos, alimentados com dietas formuladas de acordo com o conceito de proteína ideal e suplementadas com enzima fitase. Foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas durante 17 dias, sendo 10 dias para adaptação e sete dias para coletas de fezes e urina. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por cinco dias. No primeiro dia da fase experimental, cada animal recebeu, por via endovenosa, uma solução radioativa com 7,4MBq de 32P. No final do período experimental, os animais foram sacrificados, e amostras de tecidos do músculo (lombo, coração, fígado, rins e ossos foram coletadas. A enzima fitase interferiu na cinética do 32P, levando a uma menor incorporação nos tecidos dos ossos.

  10. Identifiability in stochastic models

    CERN Document Server

    1992-01-01

    The problem of identifiability is basic to all statistical methods and data analysis, occurring in such diverse areas as Reliability Theory, Survival Analysis, and Econometrics, where stochastic modeling is widely used. Mathematics dealing with identifiability per se is closely related to the so-called branch of ""characterization problems"" in Probability Theory. This book brings together relevant material on identifiability as it occurs in these diverse fields.

  11. Présences mémorielles et carences fictionnelles : L’espace du deuil dans le cinéma indépendant new-yorkais post-11/09

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vincent SOULADIÉ

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Alors que les majors hollywoodiennes ont observé une distance prudente à l’égard de l’évocation et de la représentation des attentats du onze septembre, plusieurs cinéastes indépendants new-yorkais ont pour leur part choisi de tourner rapidement des films dont les récits se situent explicitement dans le contexte immédiat de l’après-catastrophe et dans le décor meurtri de New York. Les films indépendants se caractérisent principalement par leur absence de contraintes artistiques imposées, par la modestie de leurs moyens, par leur liberté de ton, et par l’appartenance marquée des cinéastes à leur milieu culturel d’origine. En tenant compte de ces facteurs, intimité du tournage et intimité du récit, il importe de questionner l’orientation adoptée par le cinéma indépendant new yorkais pour traiter le sujet dramatique du onze septembre. Un corpus filmique se dégage et nous semble cristalliser des enjeux esthétiques et discursifs communs autour du onze septembre comme contexte diégétique et vecteur narratif. Lien communautaire, équilibre familial, harmonie conjugale ou quête identitaire se mesurent dans ces films à l’échelle englobante du trauma collectif.Whereas the Hollywood majors observed a careful distance in the evocation and the representation of 9/11, several filmmakers belonging to New York's independent cinema chose to rapidly direct movies set in its immediate aftermath and in the bruised landscape of New York. These movies are characterized by their low production budget, by their independent tone and their absence of exterior artistic constraint, and by the clear signs that the filmmakers 'belong' to the city. Taking into account the intimacy of both shooting and story, we will examine the orientation adopted in order to deal with the tragedy of 9/11 by New York's independent cinema. A number of movies indeed raise common aesthetic and discursive issues with regard to 9/11 as narrative context

  12. Oxidation kinetics of hazelnut oil treated with ozone; Cinética de oxidación del aceite de avellana tratado con ozono

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Uzun, H.; Ibanoglu, E.

    2017-07-01

    The present study investigates the oxidation kinetics of hazelnut oil ozonated in different treatment periods (1, 5, 60 and 180 min). The kinetic rate constant (k) was taken as the inverse of oxidation onset time (To) observing a linear relationship from the plot of ln To to isothermal temperatures (373, 383, 393, and 403 K) carried out at differential scanning calorimetry. Kinetic parameters, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) and entropy (ΔS‡) were calculated based on the Arrhenius equation and activated complex theory. k values showed an exponential rise with the increase of ozone treatment time. The increase in k correlated well with the increase in the peroxide and free fatty acid values of all samples. Ea and ΔH‡ of the ozone treated oils showed a reducing trend and reflected an increased oxidation sensitivity after ozone treatment. Consistently, an increase in ΔS‡ indicated a faster oxidation reaction with an increase in ozone exposure time. However, no significant difference was observed in k, Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡ (p < 0.05) as a function of storage period, after the hazelnut oil was treated with ozone for 1 min. [Spanish] El presente estudio investiga la cinética de oxidación del aceite de avellana ozonizado durante diferentes períodos (1, 5, 60 y 180 min). La constante de velocidad cinética (k) se tomó como la inversa del tiempo de inicio de la oxidación (To) observando una relación lineal cuando se representa el lnTo con las temperaturas isotérmicas (373, 383, 393 y 403 K) llevadas a cabo en calorimetría de barrido diferencial. Los parámetros cinéticos, energía de activación (Ea), entalpía de activación (ΔH‡) y entropía (ΔS‡) se calcularon sobre la base de la ecuación de Arrhenius y de la teoría compleja activada. Los valores de k mostraron un aumento exponencial con el aumento del tiempo de tratamiento de ozono. El aumento de k se correlacionó bien con el aumento de peróxidos y de los ácidos grasos

  13. Cinética de fermentación y acción antimicrobiana de Weissella confusa contra Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus agalactiae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Serna Cock

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron las cinéticas de producción de biomasa, producción de ácido láctico, consumo de sustrato y actividad antimicrobiana de Weissella confusa, una bacteria acido láctica con actividad antimicrobiana frente a Streptococcus agalactiae y Staphylococcus aureus, microorganismos productores de mastitis bovina. Las fermentaciones se llevaron a cabo anaeróbicamente en discontinuo utilizando como sustratos, sustrato comercial (SC, leche suplementada con extracto levadura (LEL y leche suplementada con extracto de levadura y glucosa (LELG y se compararon los parámetros cinéticos. La mayor inhibición de los patógenos, la mayor producción de ácido láctico y el mayor rendimiento de biomasa se presentó en sustrato LELG. En éste último sustrato al cabo de la cuarta hora de fermentación, se presentó un diámetro de inhibición de 36,33 mm para Staphylococcus aureus y a la octava hora de fermentación 39 mm de diámetro para Streptococcus agalactiae; la producción máxima de ácido láctico fue 13,12 gL-1 (a las 48 h y la máxima concentración de biomasa fue 3,07 gL-1 (a las 48 h. Estos resultados fueron superiores a los obtenidos en SC donde, para el mismo tiempo de fermentación, se obtuvieron 24,38 mm para Staphylococcus aureus y 30,58 mm de diámetro de inhibición para Streptococcus agalactiae; la mayor producción de ácido láctico fue 11,6 gL-1 (a las 12 h y la mayor concentración de biomasa fue 1,18 gL-1 (a las 24 h. Los resultados sugieren que el LELG puede convertirse en una alternativa a bajo costo para la producción de Weissella confusa, microorganismo con gran potencial para el control y el tratamiento de mastitis bovina.

  14. Characterization of drug-related problems identified by clinical pharmacy staff at Danish hospitals

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kjeldsen, Lene Juel; Birkholm, Trine; Fischer, Hanne

    2014-01-01

    Background In 2010, a database of drug related problems (DRPs) was implemented to assist clinical pharmacy staff in documenting clinical pharmacy activities locally. A study of quality, reliability and generalisability showed that national analyses of the data could be conducted. Analyses...... at the national level may help identify and prevent DRPs by performing national interventions. Objective The aim of the study was to explore the DRP characteristics as documented by clinical pharmacy staff at hospital pharmacies in the Danish DRP-database during a 3-year period. Setting Danish hospital pharmacies....... Method Data documented in the DRP-database during the initial 3 years after implementation were analyzed retrospectively. The DRP-database contains DRPs reported at hospitals by clinical pharmacy staff. The analyses focused on DRP categories, implementation rates and drugs associated with the DRPs. Main...

  15. Optimizing and Validating a Brief Assessment for Identifying Children of Service Members at Risk for Psychological Health Problems Following Parent Deployment

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-07-01

    Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 313-323. Behar, L.B. (1997). The Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 5, 265-275... Psychological Health Problems Following Parent Deployment PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Julie Wargo Aikins, PhD CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Wayne State...Validating a Brief Assessment for Identifying Children of Service Members at Risk for Psychological Health Problems Following Parent Deployment 5b. GRANT

  16. Predictive validity of a service-setting-based measure to identify infancy mental health problems: a population-based cohort study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ammitzbøll, Janni; Thygesen, Lau Caspar; Holstein, Bjørn E; Andersen, Anette; Skovgaard, Anne Mette

    2018-06-01

    Measures to identify infancy mental health problems are essential to guide interventions and reduce the risk of developmental psychopathology in early years. We investigated a new service-setting-based measure the Copenhagen Infant Mental Health Screening (CIMHS) within the general child health surveillance by community health nurses (CHN). The study population of 2973 infants was assessed by CIMHS at age 9-10 months. A subsample of 416 children was examined at age 1½ years, using parent interviews including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1½-5), Check List of Autism and Toddlers (CHAT), Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSCL), and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) and observations of behavior, communication, and interaction. Child mental disorders were diagnosed according to ICD-10 and parent-child relationship disorders according to DC:0-3R. Statistical analyses included logistic regression analyses adjusted and weighted to adjust for sampling and bias. CIMHS problems of sleep, feeding and eating, emotions, attention, communication, and language were associated with an up to fivefold increased risk of child mental disorders across the diagnostic spectrum of ICD-10 diagnoses. Homo-type continuity was seen in problems of sleep and feeding and eating being associated with a threefold increased risk of disorders within the same area, OR 3.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.4) and OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.2), respectively. The sensitivity at high CIMHS problem scores was 32% and specificity 86%. In summary, CIMHS identify a broad range of infants' mental health problems that are amenable to guide intervention within the general child health surveillance.

  17. Le contrôle de l'Univers: la dialettica del potere nelle Histoire(s du cinéma di Jean-Luc Godard

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michele Guerra

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available In Histoire(s du cinéma, Jean-Luc Godard finally connects his human being’s existence with history of cinema as uncontrollable stream of images, as a system of screens and mirrors that our experience produces and from which it is produced. The image is the nothing’s negation – Godard says – but also the nothing’s gaze on us. Through an omnivorous cinematographic writing, through the exploitation of quotation’s potentiality of movies – made possible only for a director –, Godard prepares a dialectic mechanism of visual power that points out the individual’s endurance versus images and images’endurance versus the individual. Between film-archive and film-museum, Godard manipulates images until to reveal us their secret power structure.

  18. ATYPICAL MITOTIC FIGURES AND THE MITOTIC INDEX IN CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    VANLEEUWEN, AM; PIETERS, WJLM; HOLLEMA, H; BURGER, MPM

    1995-01-01

    We surveyed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to quantify the proliferation rate and the presence of normal and atypical mitotic figures. In the cervical tissue specimens of 127 women with CIN, the area with the highest cell proliferation was identified and, at that site, the proliferation

  19. Efeitos de diferentes diluidores sobre a cinética, membranas, morfologia e cromatina espermáticas durante a refrigeração de sêmen equino

    OpenAIRE

    Shirley Andrea Flórez Rodríguez

    2013-01-01

    Incrementar a eficiência do processo de refrigeração do sêmen é de grande interesse na reprodução da espécie equina, à medida que a população de equinos cresce, também aumenta a demanda para a comercialização e transporte de sêmen refrigerado. Esse trabalho foi realizado para verificar os efeitos de diferentes diluidores para refrigeração de sêmen equino a 5°C sobre a cinética, membranas, morfologia e cromatina espermáticas durante 12 horas de armazenagem. Foram utilizados quatro ejaculados d...

  20. Action des copolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle sur la cinétique de nucléation et de croissance des n-paraffines n milieu hydrocarbure. Effect of Vinyl Ethyleneacetate Copolymers on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of N-Paraffins in a Hydrocarbon Medium.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Petinelli J. C.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available On cherche à mettre en évidence le mode d'action des copolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle sur la cinétique de cristallisation des n-paraffines en milieu hydro-carbure. On s'attache, notamment, à déterminer si l'efficacité de ces additifs est peu ou prou influencée par le nombre de motifs non paraffiniques contenus dans leur chaîne.On décrit deux montages expérimentaux, l'un permettant d'étudier la cinétique de nucléation, l'autre la cinétique de croissance en solution. On observe, grâce à ces deux dispositifs, que la fréquence de germination tridimensionnelle et la vitesse de croissance des n-paraffines diminuent quand la concentration d'acétate de vinyle dans la solution augmente.On établit une relation entre le taux d'acétate de vinyle de la chaîne des copo-lymères et leur efficacité à retarder la cinétique de nucléation. La cinétique de croissance est discutée. On montre l'adsorption très forte de ces additifs sur les faces des cristaux et que le copolymère le plus riche en groupes acétate de vinyle est celui qui retarde le plus la cinétique de nucléation et de croissance des n- paraffines. An effort is made ta détermine how vinyl ethyleneacetate copolymers effect thé crystallization kinetics of n-paraffins in a hydrocarbon medium. In particular, research was done ta see if thé effectiveness of such additives is in thé least bit influenced by thé number of non-paraffinic patterns contained in their chain.Two expérimental assemblies are described, one for investigating nucléation kinetics, thé other growth kinetics in solution. These two devices are used ta observe thot thé theee-dimensional germination fréquency and growth rate of n-paraffins decrease as thé vinyl-acétate concentration in thé solution increases.A relationship is established between thé vinyl-acétate ratio of thé copolymer chain and thé effectiveness of thé copolymer in delaying thé nucléation kinetics. Growth kinetics

  1. Determinação das constantes cinéticas de degradação do ácido ascórbico em purê de pêssego: efeito da temperatura e concentração Determination of reaction rate constants for ascorbic acid degradation in peach pureé: effect of temperature and concentration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Peraça Toralles

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available O ácido ascórbico, vitamina C, é usado extensivamente na indústria de alimentos, não só devido ao seu valor nutricional, mas devido a suas contribuições funcionais na qualidade do produto. Existem muitos estudos sobre a estabilidade cinética do ácido ascórbico em bebidas, mas nenhum estudo foi encontrado sobre as constantes cinéticas de degradação do ácido ascórbico adicionado em purê de pêssego. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a cinética de degradação do ácido ascórbico em purê de pêssego da cultivar Jade, em condições anaeróbicas e na faixa de 70 a 90 °C. As concentrações de purês testadas foram 12, 22 e 32 °Brix. A análise cinética dos dados sugere que a degradação foi significativamente representada pelos modelos cinéticos de zero e primeira ordem. A velocidade de degradação do ácido ascórbico foi dependente da temperatura. A energia de ativação média foi de 45 kJ.mol-1 e independente da concentração de sólidos solúveis.Ascorbic acid (vitamin C is extensively used in the food industry, not only for its nutritional value, but also for its many functional contributions to product quality. There have been many studies on the stability of ascorbic acid in different beverages, but no study was found on the reaction rate constants for ascorbic acid degradation in peach purée. In this work, the degradation of ascorbic acid in Jade peach purée was studied in anaerobic conditions and from 70-90 °C. The peach purée concentrations tested were 12, 22 and 32 °Brix. The kinetic analysis of the data suggests that the degradation was significantly represented by zero and first-order kinetic models. The rate of ascorbic acid degradation in peach purée was temperature dependent. The average activation energy was 45 kJ.mol-1 and independent of the concentration of soluble solids.

  2. The existence of Th22, pure Th17 and Th1 cells in CIN and Cervical Cancer along with their frequency variation in different stages of cervical cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Wenjing; Tian, Xinli; Mumtahana, Fidia; Jiao, Jun; Zhang, Teng; Croce, Kimiko Della; Ma, Daoxin; Kong, Beihua; Cui, Baoxia

    2015-01-01

    Recently, it is found that T-helper (Th) 22 cells are involved in different types of autoimmune and tumor diseases. But, till now, no study has been carried out to understand the involvement of these cells in cervical cancer (CC). Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-22 (IL-22), IL-17 in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HC), CIN and cervical cancer patients. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mRNA expression levels of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), RAR-related orphan receptor C (RORC), TNF-α and IL-6 were respectively determined. Using the method of ELISA, plasma concentrations of IL-22, IL-17 and TNF-α were examined. Th22 and Th17 cells were elevated in CC and CIN patients. Th1 cells and the plasma concentrations of IL-22 in CC patients were significantly increased compared with HC. In CC patients, an increased prevalence of Th22 cells was associated with lymph node metastases. There was a positive correlation between Th22 and Th17 cells, but an approximately negative correlation between Th22 and Th1 cells in CC patients. The mRNA expression of RORC, TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly high in CC patients. Our results indicate that there is a higher circulatory frequency of Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells in CC which may conjointly participate in the pathogenesis and growth of CC

  3. Reduction of Single Event Kinetic Models by Rigorous Relumping: Application to Catalytic Reforming Réduction de modèles cinétiques basée sur les événements constitutifs à l’aide d’un regroupement rigoureux : application au reformage catalytique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cochegrue H.

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Modeling of refining processes using metal-acid bifunctional catalysts involves an exponentially increasing number of species and reactions, which may rapidly exceed several thousands for complex industrial feedstocks. When building a model for such a process, a priori lumped kinetic models by chemical family do no longer meet the current requirements in terms of simulation details, predictive power and extrapolability. Due to the large number of elementary steps occurring in bifunctional catalysis, it would be quite unrealistic to manually build a detailed kinetic network of this scale. Hence, computer generation of the reaction network according to simple rules offer an elegant solution in such a case. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to determine and solve the kinetic equations, mainly due to the lack of analytical detail required by a detailed model. For several refining processes, however, reasonable assumptions on the equilibria between species allow to perform an a posteriori relumping of species, thus reducing the network size substantially while retaining a kinetic network between lumps that is strictly equivalent to the detailed network. This paper describes a network generation tool and the a posteriori relumping method associated with the single-event kinetic modeling methodology. This a posteriori relumping approach is illustrated for and successfully applied to the kinetic modeling of catalytic reforming reactions. La modélisation des procédés de raffinage utilisant des catalyseurs bifonctionnels métal-acide fait intervenir un nombre exponentiellement croissant d'espèces et de réactions qui peut rapidement dépasser plusieurs milliers pour des charges industrielles complexes. Lors de la réalisation d'un modèle de procédé, l'utilisation de modèles cinétiques de regroupement a priori par familles chimiques ne satisfait plus les besoins actuels de simulation détail- lée, de prédictivité et d'extrapolabilité.

  4. Síntesis de Wollastonita por reacción en estado sólido a partir de Diatomitas Españolas. Estudio Cinético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandoval, F.

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available The synthesis of wollastonite by the solid state reaction technique from two Spanish diatomites is studied. The results obtained were compared with those of a quartz and a silica gel of different specific surface area, with in order to verify the effect of the physical property on the reaction of synthesis. The mechanism and kinetic of the reaction were also studied. With respect to he kinetic the mathematical model of Jander was applied. At the early stage of the reaction the model is applicable. However, subsequently, the reaction becomes slower and the the model of Jander does not explain the kinetic of the whole process. Thus, it is necessary to look for other model, which explains better the reaction of synthesis. That of Avrami gets the objetive.

    Se estudia la síntesis de wollastonita por reacción en estado sólido a partir de dos diatomitas españolas. Los resultados obtenidos con estas dos materias primas se comparan con los obtenidos con un cuarzo y un gel de sílice, de distinta superficie específica, para observar la influencia de esta propiedad física en la reacción de síntesis. Se estudian por otra parte, el mecanismo y la cinética de la reacción. Con respecto a esta última, se aplica el modelo matemático de Jander, que permite describir la fase inicial del proceso. Posteriormente la reacción avanza más lentamente, y la mencionada ecuación no es aplicable a la totalidad del proceso, por lo cual, se hace necesario buscar otro modelo, que explique mejor la cinética de la reacción. Dicho modelo no es otro que el de Avrami.

  5. Estudio de la cinética fisicoquímica del mango (mangifera indica l. var. tommy atkins) tratado por métodos combinados de secado

    OpenAIRE

    MORENO, ANGÉLICA; LEÓN, DAVID; GIRALDO, GERMAN; RIOS, EUNICE

    2010-01-01

    El seguimiento cinético de los parámetros de peso, actividad de agua (aw) y ganancia de sólidos solubles (ºBrix) en cubos de mango (Mangifera indica L. Var. Tommy Atkins) fueron evaluados durante los procesos de deshidratación osmótica con o sin pulso de vacío (DO y DOPV) en combinación con el secado por aire caliente (SAC) o a vacío (VAC). Se observó que la DOPV y el SAC son los métodos más efectivos ya que requieren menor tiempo de proceso para alcanzar sus niveles adecuados de humedad para...

  6. Decomposition kinetics of gaseous ozone in peanuts Cinética da decomposição do gás ozônio em amendoim

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernandes R. de Alencar

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available This study was conducted to evaluate the decomposition kinetics of gaseous ozone in peanut grains. This evaluation was made with 1-kg peanut samples, moisture contents being 7.1 and 10.5% wet basis (w.b., placed in 3-liter glass containers. The peanut grains were ozonated at the concentration of 450 µg L-1, at 25 and 35 ºC, with gas flow rates of 1.0 and 3.0 L min-1. Time of saturation was determined by quantifying the residual concentration of ozone after the gas passed through the grains to constant mass. The decomposition kinetics of ozone was evaluated after the grain mass was ozone-saturated. For the peanut grains whose moisture content was 7.1% (w.b., at 25 and 35ºC and with flow rates of 1.0 and 3.0 L min-1, the values obtained for time of saturation of gaseous ozone ranged between 173 and 192 min; the concentration of saturation was approximately 260 µg L-1. For the grains whose moisture content was 10.5% (w.b., a higher residual concentration of gaseous ozone was obtained at 25 ºC, that of 190 µg L-1. As regards the half-life of ozone, the highest value obtained was equivalent to 7.7 min for grains ozonated at 25 ºC, while for those with moisture content of 10.5% at 35 ºC, half-life was 3.2 min. In the process of ozone decomposition in peanut grains, temperature was concluded to be the key factor. An increase of 10 ºC in the temperature of the grains results in a decrease of at least 43% in the half-life of ozone.Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de decomposição do ozônio em grãos de amendoim. Para avaliar a cinética de decomposição do gás, utilizaram-se amostras de 1 kg de amendoim, com teores de água de 7,1 e 10,5% base úmida (b.u., acondicionadas em recipientes de vidro com capacidade de 3 L. Os grãos de amendoim foram ozonizados na concentração de 450 µg L-1, nas temperaturas de 25 e 35 ºC, e vazões do gás de 1,0 e 3,0 L min-1. Determinou-se o tempo de satura

  7. Influencia de los materiales cementantes suplementarios sobre la cinética de transporte de agua y las propiedades mecánicas de cal hidratada y morteros de cemento

    OpenAIRE

    Ince, C.; Derogar, S.; Michelitsch, T. M.

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de este artículo es investigar el papel de los materiales cementantes suplementarios (SCMs) en la cinética de transporte del agua y en las propiedades mecánicas de los morteros de cal hidratada (CL90) y cemento Portland. Las propiedades de la cal hidratada son significativamente diferentes a las del cemento y por lo tanto el control de las propiedades de los morteros frescos y endurecidos es fundamental en la optimización mortero/substrato en albañilería. Los parámetros estudiados...

  8. Evaluación del método cromogénico cinético para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg.

    OpenAIRE

    Nancy Burguet-Lago; Aylid Suárez-Castillo; Yamilka Herrera-Ledesma

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el método de lisado de amebocitos del Limulus (LAL) en su variante cromogénica cinética para la determinación de endotoxinas bacterianas en el inyectable succinilcolina infantil 100 mg. Esta variante moni torea el desarrollo de color a través del tiempo y emplea una curva estándar representada por el tiempo de reacción en función de la concentración conocida de endotoxinas, en un rango de 0,005 a 50 UE/mL...

  9. Diagnostic imaging of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia based on hematoxylin and eosin fluorescence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castellanos, Mario R; Szerszen, Anita; Gundry, Stephen; Pirog, Edyta C; Maiman, Mitchell; Rajupet, Sritha; Gomez, John Paul; Davidov, Adi; Debata, Priya Ranjan; Banerjee, Probal; Fata, Jimmie E

    2015-07-25

    Pathological classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is problematic as it relies on subjective criteria. We developed an imaging method that uses spectroscopy to assess the fluorescent intensity of cervical biopsies derived directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues. Archived H&E slides were identified containing normal cervical tissue, CIN I, and CIN III cases, from a Community Hospital and an Academic Medical Center. Cases were obtained by consensus review of at least 2 senior pathologists. Images from H&E slides were captured first with bright field illumination and then with fluorescent illumination. We used a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope and an AxioVision 4.6.3-AP1 camera at excitation wavelength of 450-490 nm with emission captured at 515-565 nm. The 32-bit grayscale fluorescence images were used for image analysis. We reviewed 108 slides: 46 normal, 33 CIN I and 29 CIN III. Fluorescent intensity increased progressively in normal epithelial tissue as cells matured and advanced from the basal to superficial regions of the epithelium. In CIN I cases this change was less prominent as compared to normal. In high grade CIN lesions, there was a slight or no increase in fluorescent intensity. All groups examined were statistically different. Presently, there are no markers to help in classification of CIN I-III lesions. Our imaging method may complement standard H&E pathological review and provide objective criteria to support the CIN diagnosis.

  10. Identifying risks for mental health problems in HIV positive ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Mental health problems of adolescents are underserved in low and middle-income countries where they account for a significant proportion of disease burden. Perinatally infected HIV-positive adolescents have a high prevalence of mental health disorders; however, little is known about those retained in care in ...

  11. Meta-analysis: Serum creatinine changes following contrast enhanced CT imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kooiman, Judith; Pasha, Sharif M.; Zondag, Wendy; Sijpkens, Yvo W.J.; Molen, Aart J. van der; Huisman, Menno V.; Dekkers, Olaf M.

    2012-01-01

    Purpose: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as a decrease in renal function following administration of contrast media. The aim of this meta-analysis was to asses the overall risk of CIN, chronic loss of kidney function and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) after intravenous contrast enhanced CT-scan. Secondly, we aimed to identify subgroups at increased risk for CIN. Materials and methods: A literature search in Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed. Data extraction was carried out independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using an exact likelihood approach. Results: Forty studies evaluating the incidence of CIN after CT were included. The pooled incidence of CIN was 6.4% (95% CI 5.0–8.1). The risk of RRT after CIN was low, 0.06% (95% CI 0.01–0.4). The decline in renal function persisted in 1.1% of patients (95% CI 0.6–2.1%). Patients with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 2.26, p < 0.001) or diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 3.10, p < 0.001) were at increased risk for the development of CIN. Conclusion: CIN occurred in 6% of patients after contrast enhanced CT. In 1% of all patients undergoing contrast enhanced CT the decline in renal function persisted

  12. Meta-analysis: Serum creatinine changes following contrast enhanced CT imaging

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kooiman, Judith, E-mail: j.kooiman@lumc.nl [Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Pasha, Sharif M., E-mail: s.m.pasha@lumc.nl [Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Zondag, Wendy, E-mail: w.zondag@lumc.nl [Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Sijpkens, Yvo W.J., E-mail: ysijpens@bronovo.nl [Department of Nephrology, Bronovo Hospital, The Hague (Netherlands); Molen, Aart J. van der, E-mail: molen@lumc.nl [Department of Radiology, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Huisman, Menno V., E-mail: m.v.huisman@lumc.nl [Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands); Dekkers, Olaf M., E-mail: o.m.dekkers@lumc.nl [Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Department of Endocrinology, LUMC, Leiden (Netherlands)

    2012-10-15

    Purpose: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as a decrease in renal function following administration of contrast media. The aim of this meta-analysis was to asses the overall risk of CIN, chronic loss of kidney function and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) after intravenous contrast enhanced CT-scan. Secondly, we aimed to identify subgroups at increased risk for CIN. Materials and methods: A literature search in Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed. Data extraction was carried out independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using an exact likelihood approach. Results: Forty studies evaluating the incidence of CIN after CT were included. The pooled incidence of CIN was 6.4% (95% CI 5.0–8.1). The risk of RRT after CIN was low, 0.06% (95% CI 0.01–0.4). The decline in renal function persisted in 1.1% of patients (95% CI 0.6–2.1%). Patients with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 2.26, p < 0.001) or diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 3.10, p < 0.001) were at increased risk for the development of CIN. Conclusion: CIN occurred in 6% of patients after contrast enhanced CT. In 1% of all patients undergoing contrast enhanced CT the decline in renal function persisted.

  13. Identifying barriers to recovery from work related upper extremity disorders: use of a collaborative problem solving technique.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shaw, William S; Feuerstein, Michael; Miller, Virginia I; Wood, Patricia M

    2003-08-01

    Improving health and work outcomes for individuals with work related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs) may require a broad assessment of potential return to work barriers by engaging workers in collaborative problem solving. In this study, half of all nurse case managers from a large workers' compensation system were randomly selected and invited to participate in a randomized, controlled trial of an integrated case management (ICM) approach for WRUEDs. The focus of ICM was problem solving skills training and workplace accommodation. Volunteer nurses attended a 2 day ICM training workshop including instruction in a 6 step process to engage clients in problem solving to overcome barriers to recovery. A chart review of WRUED case management reports (n = 70) during the following 2 years was conducted to extract case managers' reports of barriers to recovery and return to work. Case managers documented from 0 to 21 barriers per case (M = 6.24, SD = 4.02) within 5 domains: signs and symptoms (36%), work environment (27%), medical care (13%), functional limitations (12%), and coping (12%). Compared with case managers who did not receive the training (n = 67), workshop participants identified more barriers related to signs and symptoms, work environment, functional limitations, and coping (p Problem solving skills training may help focus case management services on the most salient recovery factors affecting return to work.

  14. Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Survivors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miaskowski, Christine; Mastick, Judy; Paul, Steven M; Topp, Kimberly; Smoot, Betty; Abrams, Gary; Chen, Lee-May; Kober, Kord M; Conley, Yvette P; Chesney, Margaret; Bolla, Kay; Mausisa, Grace; Mazor, Melissa; Wong, Melisa; Schumacher, Mark; Levine, Jon D

    2017-08-01

    Evidence suggests that chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) is a significant problem for cancer survivors. However, a detailed phenotypic characterization of CIN in cancer survivors is not available. To evaluate between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as in measures of sensation, function, and postural control, in a sample of cancer survivors who received a platinum and/or a taxane-based CTX regimen and did (n = 426) and did not (n = 197) develop CIN. Survivors completed self-report questionnaires and underwent objective testing (i.e., light touch, pain sensation, cold sensation, vibration, muscle strength, grip strength, Purdue Pegboard test, Timed Get Up and Go test, Fullerton Advanced Balance test). Parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to compare between-group differences in study outcomes. Of the 426 survivors with CIN, 4.9% had CIN only in their upper extremities, 27.0% only in their lower extremities, and 68.1% in both their upper and lower extremities. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with CIN included the following: older age, lower annual income, higher body mass index, a higher level of comorbidity, being born prematurely, receipt of a higher cumulative dose of chemotherapy, and a poorer functional status. Survivors with CIN had worse outcomes for all of the following objective measures: light touch, pain, temperature, vibration, upper and lower extremity function, and balance. This study is the first to provide a detailed phenotypic characterization of CIN in cancer survivors who received a platinum and/or a taxane compound. These data can serve as a benchmark for future studies of CIN in cancer survivors. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Identifying community risk factors for HIV among South African adolescents with mental health problems: a qualitative study of parental perceptions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kagee, Ashraf; Donenberg, Geri; Davids, Alicia; Vermaak, Redwaan; Simbayi, Leickness; Ward, Catherine; Naidoo, Pamela; Mthembu, Jacky

    2014-01-01

    High risk sexual behaviour, alcohol and drug use, and mental health problems combine to yield high levels of HIV-risk behaviour among adolescents with mental health problems. In South Africa, little research has been conducted on parental perspectives of HIV-risk among this population. We conducted a series of focus group discussions with 28 mothers of adolescents receiving services at two mental health clinics in South Africa to identify, from their perspectives, the key community problems facing their children. Participants indicated that HIV remained a serious threat to their adolescent children's well-being, in addition to substance abuse, early sexual debut, and teenage pregnancy. These social problems were mentioned as external to their household dynamics, and thus seemingly beyond the purview of the parent-adolescent relationship. These data have implications for the design of family-based interventions to ameliorate the factors associated with HIV-risk among youth receiving mental health services.

  16. Cinética del secado de tomillo Drying kinetics of thyme

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronicely P. da Rocha

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Los objetivos del trabajo fueran estudiar la cinética del secado de tomillo con posterior ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales y determinar los valores de la difusividad efectiva y energía de activación. Para el desarrollo del experimento de secado fueran utilizadas las temperaturas 30, 40, 50, 60 y 70 oC. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones. Para el ajuste de los modelos matemáticos a los datos experimentales fue realizado el análisis de regresión no lineal, por el método Simplex-Quasi-Newton. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo matemático de Page obtuve un mejor ajuste a los datos experimentales, los valores de los coeficientes de difusividad efectiva variaron entre 3,69 x 10-12 e 1,19 x 10-10 m² s-1 y el valor de la energía de activación fue de 77,16 kJ mol-1.This work aimed to study the drying kinetics of thyme and subsequent adjustment of different mathematical models to the experimental data and to determine the effective diffusivity and the activation energy. In order to conduct the experiment the temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 ºC were used. The experimental design employed was in randomized blocks with three repetitions. For the adjustment of the mathematical models to the experimental data non-linear regression was performed using Simplex-Quasi-Newton method. The results showed that the Page model was the one that promoted the best fit of the experimental data to describe the drying kinetics of the thyme leaves. The values of effective diffusivity coefficients ranged between 3.69 x 10-12 and 1.19 x 10-10 m² s-1 and the value of activation was 77.16 kJ mol-1.

  17. Characterizing the Prevalence of Chromosome Instability in Interval Colorectal Cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.L. Cisyk

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A substantial proportion of colorectal cancers (CRCs are interval CRCs (I-CRCs; i.e., CRCs diagnosed soon after a colonoscopy. Chromosomal instability (CIN is defined as an increase in the rate of which whole chromosomes/large chromosomal fragments are gained or lost and is observed in 85% of non-hereditary CRCs. The contribution of CIN to the etiology of I-CRCs remains unknown. We established a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH approach to characterize CIN by enumerating specific chromosomes and determined the prevalence of numerical CIN in a population-based cohort of I-CRCs and control (sporadic CRCs. Using the population-based Manitoba Health administrative databases and Manitoba Cancer Registry, we identified an age, sex, and colonic site of CRC matched cohort of I-CRCs and controls and retrieved their archived paraffin-embedded tumor samples. FISH chromosome enumeration probes specifically recognizing the pericentric regions of chromosomes 8, 11, and 17 were first used on cell lines and then CRC tissue microarrays to detect aneusomy, which was then used to calculate a CIN score (CS. The 15th percentile CS for control CRC was used to define CIN phenotype. Mean CSs were similar in the control CRCs and I-CRCs; 82% of I-CRCs exhibited a CIN phenotype, which was similar to that in the control CRCs. This study suggests that CIN is the most prevalent contributor to genomic instability in I-CRCs. Further studies should evaluate CIN and microsatellite instability (MSI in the same cohort of I-CRCs to corroborate our findings and to further assess concomitant contribution of CIN and MSI to I-CRCs.

  18. Influencia de la concentración del activador sobre la cinética del proceso de activación alcalina de una escoria de alto horno

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández-Jiménez, A.; Puertas, F.

    1997-01-01

    [ES]Se ha estudiado la influencia de la concentración de la disolución activante en la cinética de hidratación de una escoria granulada de alto horno, activada alcalinamente a distintas temperaturas. El activador alcalino utilizado fue una mezcla de water glass (Na2SiO3∙nH2O) con una disolución de NaOH (de concentración variable). Las concentraciones finales del activador alcalino fueron: 3, 4 y 5 % en peso de Na2O) respecto a la masa total de escoria. El grado de reacción (α) se determinó...

  19. Estudio del efecto de la fuerza iónica en la adsorción de fenol con arcillas organofílicas: Equilibrio y cinética

    OpenAIRE

    Sun-Kou, María del Rosario; Lazo, José Carlos

    2009-01-01

    Se estudió el efecto de la fuerza iónica en el proceso de adsorción de fenol con arcillas organofilicas así como la cinética de reacción. Para el estudio de la fuerza iónica se evaluó la capacidad de adsorción de fenol de tres arcillas organofilicas, -preparadas por intercambio catiónico con sales de amonio cuaternario- en presencia de NaCI en soluciones cuya concentración de fenol varió en el rango de 50-800 ppm y la proporción de sal fue 2, 12 y 20% (w/v), respectivamente. Todas las arcilla...

  20. Organization of left–right coordination of neuronal activity in the mammalian spinal cord: Insights from computational modelling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shevtsova, Natalia A; Talpalar, Adolfo E; Markin, Sergey N; Harris-Warrick, Ronald M; Kiehn, Ole; Rybak, Ilya A

    2015-01-01

    Different locomotor gaits in mammals, such as walking or galloping, are produced by coordinated activity in neuronal circuits in the spinal cord. Coordination of neuronal activity between left and right sides of the cord is provided by commissural interneurons (CINs), whose axons cross the midline. In this study, we construct and analyse two computational models of spinal locomotor circuits consisting of left and right rhythm generators interacting bilaterally via several neuronal pathways mediated by different CINs. The CIN populations incorporated in the models include the genetically identified inhibitory (V0D) and excitatory (V0V) subtypes of V0 CINs and excitatory V3 CINs. The model also includes the ipsilaterally projecting excitatory V2a interneurons mediating excitatory drive to the V0V CINs. The proposed network architectures and CIN connectivity allow the models to closely reproduce and suggest mechanistic explanations for several experimental observations. These phenomena include: different speed-dependent contributions of V0D and V0V CINs and V2a interneurons to left–right alternation of neural activity, switching gaits between the left–right alternating walking-like activity and the left–right synchronous hopping-like pattern in mutants lacking specific neuron classes, and speed-dependent asymmetric changes of flexor and extensor phase durations. The models provide insights into the architecture of spinal network and the organization of parallel inhibitory and excitatory CIN pathways and suggest explanations for how these pathways maintain alternating and synchronous gaits at different locomotor speeds. The models propose testable predictions about the neural organization and operation of mammalian locomotor circuits. Key points Coordination of neuronal activity between left and right sides of the mammalian spinal cord is provided by several sets of commissural interneurons (CINs) whose axons cross the midline. Genetically identified inhibitory V

  1. Risk score for contrast induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghani, Amal Abdel; Tohamy, Khalid Y.

    2009-01-01

    Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of acute renal failure. Identification of risk factors of CIN and creating a simple risk scoring for CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is important. A prospective single center study was conducted in Kuwait chest disease hospital. All patients admitted to chest disease hospital for PCI from March to May 2005 were included in the study. Total of 247 patients were randomly assigned for the development dataset and 100 for the validation set using the simple random method. The overall occurrence of CIN in the development set was 5.52%. Using multivariate analysis; basal Serum creatinine, shock, female gender, multivessel PCI, and diabetes mellitus were identified as risk factors. Scores assigned to different variables yielded basal creatinine > 115 micron mol/L with the highest score(7), followed by shock (3), female gender, multivessel PCI and diabetes mellitus had the same score (2). Patients were further risk stratified into low risk score ( 1 2). The developed CIN model demonstrated good discriminative power in the validation population. In conclusion, use of a simple risk score for CIN can predict the probability of CIN after PCI; this however needs further validation in larger multicenter trials. (author)

  2. Cinética de engrosamiento de precipitados coherentes en la aleación Fe-10 % Ni-15 % Al

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cayetano-Castro, N.

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available The coarsening kinetics and the morphology evolution of the coherent β’ (Fe, NiAl precipitates embedded in a ferritic matrix were studied in the aged Fe-10 % Ni-15 % Al alloy. Samples were solution treated at 1,100°C for 24 h and subsequently aged at 750, 850 and 920 °C for different times. XRD, SEM and TEM results showed the following decomposition reaction after aging treatment, αsss → α + β. Intragranular particles distribution changes from a random to an aligned on the elastically soft <100> crystallographic directions of the matrix. Additionally, the morphological evolution of the precipitates was as follows: spheres → cuboids → parallelepipeds → plates. The variation of the cube of mean radius of particles, r3, and the particle density as a function of time followed a linear relationship, as predicted by the Lifshitz, Slyosov and Wagner (LSW theory for diffusion-controlled coarsening. The rate constant (K increased with the aging temperature. The activation energy for coarsening process was determined to be about of 220 kJ/mol.

    La cinética de engrosamiento y la evolución morfológica de precipitados coherentes β’ (Fe, NiAl en una matriz ferrítica se estudió en la aleación Fe-10 % Ni-15 % Al. Se solubilizaron muestras a 1.100 °C por 24, y posteriormente, se envejecieron a 750, 850 y 920 °C por diferentes tiempos. Los resultados de DRX, MEB y MET mostraron la descomposición, αsss → α + β, durante su envejecido. La distribución de precipitados dentro del grano cambia, gradualmente, de aleatoria a un alineamiento preferencial sobre las direcciones cristalográficas <100> de la matriz. Asimismo, la evolución morfológica de los precipitados fue: esféricos → cúbicos → paralelepípedos → placas. La variación del tamaño de partícula, r3, y la densidad de precipitados en función del tiempo se comportan linealmente, como lo predice la teoría de Lifshitz

  3. Cinética de secagem do resíduo de abacaxi enriquecido Drying kinetics of enriched pineapple residue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hofsky V. Alexandre

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de abacaxi do mundo e o maior da América do Sul. O fruto é a parte comercializável da planta enquanto o restante é formado por caule, folha, casca, coroa e talos, considerado resíduo agrícola e não tem sido devidamente aproveitado, resultando em perdas econômicas. Caracterizar e avaliar a cinética de secagem do resíduo (casca de abacaxi (Ananas comosus L. enriquecido utilizando a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae em leito estático, em camada fina de secagem, utilizando-se de planejamento experimental fatorial, foi o objetivo deste estudo. A temperatura (40 a 60 ºC e a velocidade do ar de secagem (0,8 a 1,3 m s-1 são as variáveis do processo. O resíduo enriquecido e caracterizado apresentou alto teor de matéria seca (90,27% e elevado teor de proteína (20,21% em relação ao resíduo in natura (7,61%. A cinética de secagem ocorreu no período de taxa decrescente. Os modelos Page, Henderson & Pabis e Lewis, ajustaram os dados experimentais satisfatoriamente, sendo Page discretamente superior aos demais. Verificou-se influência da variável temperatura apenas para a variável resposta umidade, não sendo observada influência estatisticamente significativa da velocidade do ar de secagem.Brazil is the largest producer of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. in South America and one of the largest in the world. The fruit is the marketable part of the plant, while the rest formed by stem, leaves, peel, crowns and shafts is considered as agricultural residue and is not properly used, resulting in economic loss. The aim of this study was to characterize and to evaluate the drying kinetics of enriched pineapple residue (peel using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in static bed in fine layer, using of experimental factorial planning. The temperature (40 to 60 ºC and the wind speed (0.8 to 1.3 m s-1 were the process variables. The characterized enriched residue exhibited a high dry matter content (90.27% and a

  4. Cinética de sinterização para sistemas à base de SnO2 por taxa de aquecimento constante Sintering kinetics for SnO2-based systems by constant heating rate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. M. Tebcheran

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Cerâmicas densas de óxido de estanho são muito promissoras para aplicações tecnológicas como varistores e cadinhos de fusão de vidros corrosivos. Vários aditivos em pequenas concentrações podem ser usados como promotores de densificação desta cerâmica. No presente trabalho foram estudadas as cinéticas de sinterização do óxido de estanho, considerando o efeito de atmosfera de sinterização e da concentração de MnO2. Sistemas de SnO2-MnO2 foram preparados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos e os pós obtidos foram caracterizados por medidas de área de superfície específica (BET e por difração de raios X. Pós de SnO2 com concentrações variadas de MnO2 foram compactados de forma cilíndrica e sinterizados em dilatômetro com taxa de aquecimento constante e atmosferas controladas. Amostras sinterizadas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A influência da atmosfera (argônio, ar ou CO2 como também das concentrações de MnO2 na cinética de sinterização foram determinadas. Os dados cinéticos da retração linear foram analisados pelos modelos cinéticos para a fase inicial de sinterização (Woolfrey e Bannister como também para a sinterização global (Su e Johnson permitindo determinar a energia de ativação aparente. De acordo com a determinação da curva mestre de sinterização, a energia de ativação aparente de todo o processo de sinterização foi determinada bem como sua dependência com a atmosfera e concentrações de manganês. Baseado nestes valores e no expoente n, pode-se determinar, pela equação clássica de crescimento de grão, que o mecanismo de sinterização mais provável é de difusão por contorno de grão com redistribuição superficial controlando a cinética de sinterização.Dense tin oxide based ceramics are very promising for technological applications such as varistors and crucibles for melting very corrosive glasses. Several additives have been used

  5. Long-term risk of cervical cancer following conization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3-A Danish nationwide cohort study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sand, Freja Laerke; Frederiksen, Kirsten; Munk, Christian

    2018-01-01

    Using nationwide Danish registries we examined the long-term risk of cervical cancer in women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) (including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) on the cone compared to women with a normal cytology test. Initially, we identified women born 1918......-1990, who were recorded as living in Denmark between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2012. From the Pathology Data Bank information on CIN3 on the cone, margins status, histological type of CIN3 and cervical cytology results was extracted. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the relative...... risk of subsequent cervical cancer. We included 59,464 women with CIN3 on the cone and 1,918,508 women with a normal cytology test. Overall, women diagnosed with CIN3 had a higher risk of subsequent cervical cancer compared to women with normal cytology (HR = 2.06; 95%CI: 1.81-2.35). Analyses according...

  6. Mapping the inbound logistics of the refineries & terminals (plants) onshore at StatoilHydro, identify main problems and issues and suggest quick wins and possible solutions

    OpenAIRE

    Julien, Ane Sofie

    2011-01-01

    Master's thesis in Firm management The aim of this paper is to identify main problems and issues in the supply chain of the inbound logistics at StatoilHydro’s onshore plants. The identification will be based on a mapping of the chain, where value added activity is in focus. The problems and issues will be evaluated and prioritized according to suggested quick wins and possible solutions will be identified. The recommended solution will be based on the elaborated theory of muda...

  7. The usefulness and feasibility of a screening instrument to identify psychosocial problems in patients receiving curative radiotherapy: a process evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Braeken, Anna PBM; Kempen, Gertrudis IJM; Eekers, Daniëlle; Gils, Francis CJM van; Houben, Ruud MA; Lechner, Lilian

    2011-01-01

    Psychosocial problems in cancer patients are often unrecognized and untreated due to the low awareness of the existence of these problems or pressures of time. The awareness of the need to identify psychosocial problems in cancer patients is growing and has affected the development of screening instruments. This study explored the usefulness and feasibility of using a screening instrument (SIPP: Screening Inventory of Psychosocial Problems) to identify psychosocial problems in cancer patients receiving curative radiotherapy treatment (RT). The study was conducted in a radiation oncology department in the Netherlands. Several methods were used to document the usefulness and feasibility of the SIPP. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires completed by seven radiotherapists and 268 cancer patients. Regarding the screening procedure 33 patients were offered to consult a psychosocial care provider (e.g. social worker, psychologist) during the first consultation with their radiotherapist. Of these patients, 31 patients suffered from at least sub-clinical symptoms and two patients hardly suffered from any symptoms. Patients' acceptance rate 63.6% (21/33) was high. Patients were positive about the content of the SIPP (mean scores vary from 8.00 to 8.88, out of a range between 0 and 10) and about the importance of discussing items of the SIPP with their radiotherapist (mean score = 7.42). Radiotherapists' perspectives about the contribution of the SIPP to discuss the different psychosocial problems were mixed (mean scores varied from 3.17 to 4.67). Patients were more positive about discussing items of the SIPP if the radiotherapists had positive attitudes towards screening and discussing psychosocial problems. The screening procedure appeared to be feasible in a radiotherapy department. In general, patients' perspectives were at least moderate. Radiotherapists considered the usefulness and feasibility of the SIPP generally to be lower, but their

  8. Estudio cinético del proceso de biometanización de alpechín de almazara clásica previamente sometido a tratamiento aerobio con Geotrichum candidum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Durán Barrantes, M. M.

    1992-04-01

    Full Text Available The apparent kinetic constant was determined for the anaerobic digetion of olive mill wastewater (OMW which comes from clasical press factory previously subjected to aerobic digestion with Geotrichum candidum in view of his high content in organic matter. The results obtained revealed it to markedly decrease (from 1 to 0,2 days-1 with increase in its COD (from 6 to 11 g/l in the presence of both free and supported on Sepiolite (Pansil biomass. This shows the existence of an inhibition process which is determined by using the Levenspiel kinetic model. Anaerobic digestion allowed up to 80% of the COD present to be removed with an average yield coefficient of 315 ml CH4 STP/g COD.Se ha determinado la constante cinética aparente del proceso de digestión anaerobia de alpechín procedente de almazara clásica de prensas, que previamente se somete a un proceso de digestión aerobia con Geotrichum candidum dado su alto contenido en materia orgánica (DQO. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una acusada disminución de la misma (1-0,2 días-1 al aumentar la DQO (6-11 g O2 tanto en presencia de biomasa libre como soportada sobre Sepiolita (Pansil, lo que demuestra la existencia de un proceso de inhibición que se cuantifica utilizando el modelo cinético de Levenspiel. La digestión anaerobia es capaz de eliminar el 80% de la DQO presente con un coeficiente de rendimiento medio de 315 ml CH4 en condiciones estándar de presión y temperatura/g DQO.

  9. Patient-Identified Priorities Leading to Attempted Suicide.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stulz, Niklaus; Hepp, Urs; Gosoniu, Dominic G; Grize, Leticia; Muheim, Flavio; Weiss, Mitchell G; Riecher-Rössler, Anita

    2018-01-01

    Attempted suicide is a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to identify patient-identified problems and triggers typically leading to attempted suicide. A representative sample of 66 adult patients was recruited from all clinical sites and psychiatrists who treat patients after attempted suicide in the Canton of Basel-City (Switzerland). Patients were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and interviewed with a local adaptation of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) to study underlying problems and triggers of attempted suicide. Of the patients, 92.4% had at least one DSM-IV disorder, with depressive disorders being the most prevalent disorder. Although half (50.0%) of the patients identified a health problem, 71.2% identified an interpersonal conflict as underlying problem leading to the suicide attempt. Furthermore, an interpersonal conflict was identified as the trigger of the suicide attempt by more than half of the patients (54.5%). The study included German-speaking patients only. According to patients, interpersonal problems often amplify underlying psychiatric problems, leading to suicide attempts. Social and interpersonal stressors should be acknowledged with integrated clinical and social interventions to prevent suicidal behavior in patients and populations.

  10. Stability of Early Identified Aggressive Victim Status in Elementary School and Associations with Later Mental Health Problems and Functional Impairments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burk, Linnea R.; Armstrong, Jeffrey M.; Park, Jong-Hyo; Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn; Klein, Marjorie H.; Essex, Marilyn J.

    2011-01-01

    Aggressive victims--children who are both perpetrators and victims of peer aggression--experience greater concurrent mental health problems and impairments than children who are only aggressive or only victimized. The stability of early identified aggressive victim status has not been evaluated due to the fact that most studies of aggressor/victim…

  11. Alineación Estática de Prótesis a través de Variables Cinéticas y Métodos de Aprendizaje de Máquina

    OpenAIRE

    Luengas Contreras, Lely Adriana; Sánchez Prieto, Giovanni; Vizcaya Guarín, Pedro Raúl

    2017-01-01

    El proceso complejo de la alineación en las prótesis y la no existencia de un modelo predictivo para alineación estática de prótesis transtibiales es el foco de esta investigación.Objetivo: Obtener un modelo computacional que permita establecer la existencia de la alineación estática de prótesis transtibiales a través de parámetros cinéticos presentes en amputados transtibiales unilaterales. Métodos: Se realizó la construcción de una base de datos de valores de Centro de Presión (COP) y distr...

  12. Protecting the underscreened women in developed countries: the value of HPV test.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ibáñez, Raquel; Autonell, Josefina; Sardà, Montserrat; Crespo, Nayade; Pique, Pilar; Pascual, Amparo; Martí, Clara; Fibla, Montserrat; Gutiérrez, Cristina; Lloveras, Belén; Moreno-Crespi, Judit; Torrent, Anna; Baixeras, Núria; Alejo, María; Bosch, Francesc Xavier; de Sanjosé, Silvia

    2014-08-08

    Poor attendance to cervical cancer (CC) screening is a major risk factor for CC. Efforts to capture underscreened women are considerable and once women agree to participate, the provision of longitudinal validity of the screening test is of paramount relevance. We evaluate the addition of high risk HPV test (HPV) to cervical cytology as a primary screening test among underscreened women in the longitudinal prediction of intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Women were included in the study if they were older than 39 years and with no evidence of cervical cytology in the previous five years within the Public Primary Health Care System in Catalonia (Spain). 1,832 underscreened women from eight public primary health areas were identified during 2007-2008 and followed-up for over three years to estimate longitudinal detection of CIN2+. Accuracy of each screening test and the combination of both to detect CIN2+ was estimated. The risk of developing CIN2+ lesions according to histology data by cytology and HPV test results at baseline was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. At baseline, 6.7% of participants were HPV positive, 2.2% had an abnormal cytology and 1.3% had both tests positive. At the end of follow-up, 18 out of 767 (2.3%) underscreened women had a CIN2+, two of which were invasive CC. The three-year longitudinal sensitivity and specificity estimates to detect CIN2+ were 90.5% and 93.0% for HPV test and 38.2% and 97.8% for cytology. The negative predictive value was >99.0% for each test. No additional gains in validity parameters of HPV test were observed when adding cytology as co-test. The referral to colposcopy was higher for HPV but generated 53% higher detection of CIN2+ compared to cytology. Underscreened women had high burden of cervical disease. Primary HPV screening followed by cytology triage could be the optimal strategy to identify CIN2+ leading to longer and safe screen intervals.

  13. In the ovary of Ciona intestinalis (Type A), immune-related galectin and phenoloxidase genes are differentially expressed by the follicle accessory cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parrinello, Daniela; Sanfratello, Maria Antonietta; Parisi, Maria Giovanna; Vizzini, Aiti; Cammarata, Matteo

    2018-01-01

    Riboprobes (in situ hybridization) and antibodies (immunohistochemistry), previously used to show the upregulation of Ciona intestinalis (Type A) galectins (CiLgals-a, CiLgals-b) and phenoloxidase (CinPO2) immune-related genes, were tested on histological sections of the ovary. The ovarian follicles are composed of oocytes encased by follicular cells (FCs) and test cells (TCs). Results show the transcription upregulation of both CiLgals and CinPO2 genes in the vitellogenic FCs, conversely distinct cytolocalization of the proteins are shown. At vitellogenic stage, the CiLgals are localized in the FCs, in the oocyte cytoplasm, and close to the germinal vesicle (GV), whereas the CinPO2 was never identified in the FCs. In a presumptive advanced phase and at the post-vitellogenic stage the TCs appear to be labelled by the CinPO2 riboprobe, and the protein identified by the antibody suggesting an mRNA transcytosis process from FCs. At post-vitellogenic stage the CiLgals mainly enrich the GV nucleoplasm, whereas the CinPO2 is contained in TCs and in the ooplasm but never found in the GV. This finding sheds new light on a former paper in which TCs were reported to be the only CinPO2-producing cells in the ovarian follicle. Finally, CiLgals and CinPO2 genes transcription and proteins production seem to be associated with accessory cells during their differentiation from vitellogenic to post-vitellogenic stage. The present findings promote further research on the early upregulation of immune-related genes, and the potential multifunctional role of the produced proteins. In addition further insight on the accessory cells involvement in ascidian oogenesis are reported. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Attitudes, Risk Behavior, and Noise Exposure among Young Adults with Hearing Problems: Identifying a Typology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunter, Abby

    2017-11-01

    This study explored attitudes toward leisure noise, use of hearing protection, and perceived susceptibility to leisure-noise damage in young adults with hearing problems. Twelve participants aged between 18 and 35 years took part in a semistructured interview. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. The results showed that a positive attitude to noise, a passion for loud music, a lack of knowledge of the consequences of noise damage, and perceived low risk of hearing problems were associated with people not using earplugs. The aesthetics, comfort, perceived effects on music quality and attitude of others were all barriers to earplug use. Of those who had used earplugs, previous hearing-related symptoms and concern about future hearing damage were the main motivators for use. Four types of people were identified to describe the variation in attitudes and behaviors: those who had no change in behavior or concern about damage; those who were concerned and used earplugs; those who were concerned and avoided loud venues; and those who were concerned about communication difficulties only. Considering the wide variability, it may be more effective to shift attention from trying to change individual attitudes and behaviors to considering systemic changes to protect hearing, through ensuring the music industry and relevant authorities take greater responsibility.

  15. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Among Women With High-Grade Cervical Lesions in Beijing, China

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Meizhu; Xu, Qiuxiang; Li, Hongyan; Gao, Huiqiao; Bie, Yachun; Zhang, Zhenyu

    2016-01-01

    Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) genotypes among Han women with high-grade cervical lesions in Beijing, China. Cervical cell specimens from patients with histopathologically confirmed cervical lesions at 7 hospitals in Beijing were examined with a validated HPV kit for 13 hr-HPV genotypes during the study period. The patients were divided into a low-grade cervical lesions group (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, CIN1) and a high-grade cervical lesions group (CIN2+, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, CIN2; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, CIN3; squamous cervical cancer, SCC; and adenocarcinoma of the cervix, ACC) based on the histopathology results. A total of 2817 eligible patients were enrolled, including 610 cases identified as CIN1 and 2207 as CIN2+. The hr-HPV positive rates in the CIN1 and CIN2+ groups were 78.2% (477/610) and 93.3% (2060/2207), respectively. The most frequently detected genotypes were HPV16, 58, 52 and18 in the CIN1 group and HPV16, 58, 33, and 52 in the CIN2+ group, in descending order of prevalence. In addition, the prevalence of HPV18 among the patients with ACC was 28.6% (14/49), significantly >7.2% (54/752) prevalence among the SCC patients (P HPV infections gradually deceased to 44.2% in the CIN2 patients, 36.7% in the CIN3 patients, and 35.3% in the cervical cancer (CC) patients, which included SCC and ACC patients. In cases of multiple hr-HPV infections in the CIN2+ group, double infections accounted for ∼76.6%, and HPV16+58, HPV16+52, and HPV16+18 were the most common combinations, in descending order. The most frequent combination for triple infections was HPV16+58+31, with a rate of 4.2%. The highest positive rate occurred in the ≤24 year-old group for all types of cervical lesions. The prevalence of HPV genotypes in the targeted population with high-grade cervical lesions differs from that of other countries. This

  16. Aller au cinéma pour apprendre à être « moderne » ? Movie-going as a way to learn to be “modern”? The experience of the movie theater in Beijing: end of the 1910’s – beginning of the 1920’s.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Kerlan

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Si le cinéma des premiers temps, en Chine, a investi des lieux traditionnels de la culture chinoise (maisons de thé, jardins, salles de théâtre et d’opéra, l’idée s’est rapidement imposée que le spectacle cinématographique devait se dérouler en un lieu susceptible de refléter son entière nouveauté, tant dans l’architecture et l’aménagement intérieur de la salle, que dans les règles de conduite édictées pour le personnel comme pour les spectateurs. Ceci était particulièrement vrai des salles de cinéma projetant des films occidentaux, comme si aller voir un film américain, allemand ou français, était perçu comme un forme d’apprentissage global à la modernité occidentale que ces films exposaient. Cet article se propose d’étudier la façon dont le public de Pékin a adopté les nouveaux rites du spectacle cinématographique en étudiant l’histoire d’une salle très particulière, le théâtre Lumière véritable (Zhenguang xiyuan, lieu de mise en pratique de règles de conduite inspirées de celles supposées en vigueur dans les salles occidentales. Mais on verra aussi que si le spectacle cinématographique permettait une certaine expérience de la modernité occidentale, il n’en fut pas moins adapté localement par les spectateurs pékinois en fonction d’exigences propres aux milieux sociaux concernés.  Movie at its beginnings in China took over many places traditionally dedicated to Chinese culture (teahouse, gardens, theater and opera houses; however, it became very quickly obvious that movie screenings should be held in places that could mirror the novelty of the show, either by the architecture, the design of the room or by the etiquette. This was particularly true for theaters where western films were screened: going to see such films could be conceived as a global experience, a way to learn in all aspects the western modernity carried by these products. This article explains, through the

  17. Simulación de la fluencia en caliente de un acero microaleado con un contenido medio de carbono. II parte. Recristalización dinámica: inicio y cinética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cabrera, J. M.

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available According to the part 1 of this work, in this second part the dynamic recrystallization of a commercial medium carbon microalloyed steel is characterized from the point of view of its onset and kinetics. For this purpose uniaxial hot compression tests were carried out over a range of five orders of magnitude in strain rate and 300 °C of temperature. Experimental results are compared with those reported in the literature and the possible effect of dynamic precipitation is also analyzed. It is verified that the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization can faithfully be described by the classical Avrami equation.

    Siguiendo el planteamiento efectuado en la I parte de este trabajo, en esta II parte se caracteriza la recristalización dinámica de un acero comercial microaleado con un contenido medio de carbono desde el punto de vista de su inicio y de su cinética. Con este objeto se efectuaron ensayos de compresión uniaxial en caliente en un intervalo de cinco órdenes de magnitud en velocidad de deformación y 300 °C de temperatura. Los resultados experimentales se comparan con los resultados reportados por diversos autores y se analizan los posibles efectos de precipitación dinámica. Se verifica que la cinética de la recristalización dinámica puede representarse fielmente por la ecuación de Avrami.

  18. Resolução cinética de haloidrinas racêmicas com a lipase B de Candida antarctica e biotransformação de produtos naturais por micro-organismos

    OpenAIRE

    Mariana Provedel Martins

    2012-01-01

    Neste trabalho foram realizadas as resoluções cinéticas das haloidrinas racêmicas (RS)-1-benziloxi-3-cloropropan-2-ol (4a), (RS)-1-benziloxi-3-bromopropan-2-ol (4b), (RS)-1-cloro-3-(4-metoxifenoxi)propan-2-ol (5a), (RS)-1-bromo-3-(4-metoxifenoxi)propan-2-ol (5b), (RS)-1-aliloxi-3-cloro-propan-2-ol (6a) e (RS)-1-aliloxi-3-bromo-propan-2-ol (6b) empregando-se a lipase comercial de Candida antarctica CALB como catalisador e acetato de vinila como agente acilante. As razões enantioméricas das res...

  19. Determinación de los parámetros cinéticos de la plasmina porcina y comparación con la humana = Porcine plasmin: determination of kinetic parameters and comparison with human plasmin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arbeláez Ramírez, Luis Fernando

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available El plasminógeno es el zimógeno de la plasmina, enzima relacionada con la disolución del coágulo sanguíneo. Estudios con plasminas de diferentes especies animales han demostrado mayor afinidad que la plasmina humana por sustratos análogos hechos exclusivamente para ella. Así lo confirman la activación y cinética del sistema plasminógeno/plasmina porcino, que hasta el presente no se habían determinado ni comparado con el humano. En este trabajo se utilizaron, para la purificación del plasminógeno, cromatografía de afinidad y cambio iónico; se utilizó urocinasa para la activación del plasminógeno a plasmina y se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos con el sustrato cromógeno S-2251. Los terminales-N se determinaron por el método de degradación de Edman. La plasmina porcina demostró mayor afinidad (Km por el sustrato que la plasmina humana, 1,55 y 5,3 mM respectivamente, mientras que la plasmina humana mostró mayor velocidad de conversión del sustrato a producto (0,1 UA/ seg que la porcina (0,033 UA/seg. Los terminales-N se diferenciaron en los aminoácidos 1 y 3, DPPDDY (porcino y EPLDDY (humano.

  20. Association of TAP Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camilla Natter

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP is responsible for peptide loading onto class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I molecules. TAP seems to facilitate the detection of HPV by MHC-I molecules and contributes to successful eradication of HPV. TAP polymorphisms could have an important impact on the course of HPV infection. Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between five TAP gene polymorphisms and the risk of CIN. Methods. This case-control study investigated five common TAP polymorphisms in TAP1 (1341 and 2254 and TAP2 (1135, 1693, and 1993 in 616 women with CIN and 206 controls. Associations between gene polymorphisms and risk of CIN were analysed by univariate and multivariable models. The combined effect of the five TAP gene polymorphisms on the risk for CIN was investigated by haplotype analysis. Results. No significant difference in genotype distribution of the five TAP polymorphisms was observed in women with CIN and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed that women with haplotype mut-wt-wt-wt-wt (TAP polymorphisms t1135-t1341-t1693-t1993-t2254 had a significantly lower risk for CIN, compared to women with the haplotype wt-wt-wt-wt-wt (; OR 0.5 []. Conclusion. Identification of this haplotype combination could be used to identify women, less susceptible for development of CIN following HPV infection.

  1. Using Data-Driven and Process Mining Techniques for Identifying and Characterizing Problem Gamblers in New Zealand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suriadi Suriadi

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available This article uses data-driven techniques combined with established theory in order to analyse gambling behavioural patterns of 91 thousand individuals on a real-world fixed-odds gambling dataset in New Zealand. This research uniquely integrates a mixture of process mining, data mining and confirmatory statistical techniques in order to categorise different sub-groups of gamblers, with the explicit motivation of identifying problem gambling behaviours and reporting on the challenges and lessons learned from our case study.We demonstrate how techniques from various disciplines can be combined in order to gain insight into the behavioural patterns exhibited by different types of gamblers, as well as provide assurances of the correctness of our approach and findings. A highlight of this case study is both the methodology which demonstrates how such a combination of techniques provides a rich set of effective tools to undertake an exploratory and open-ended data analysis project that is guided by the process cube concept, as well as the findings themselves which indicate that the contribution that problem gamblers make to the total volume, expenditure, and revenue is higher than previous studies have maintained.

  2. A further problem of the hard problem of consciousness | Gbenga ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Justifying this assertion is identified as the further problem of the hard problem of consciousness. This shows that assertions about phenomenal properties of mental experiences are wholly epistemological. Hence, the problem of explaining phenomenal properties of a mental state is not a metaphysical problem, and what is ...

  3. Initiatives on early detection and intervention to proactively identify health and social problems in older people: experiences from the Netherlands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lette, Manon; Baan, Caroline A; van den Berg, Matthijs; de Bruin, Simone R

    2015-10-30

    Over the last years, several initiatives on early detection and intervention have been put in place to proactively identify health and social problems in (frail) older people. An overview of the initiatives currently available in the Netherlands is lacking, and it is unknown whether they meet the preferences and needs of older people. Therefore, the objectives of this study were threefold: 1. To identify initiatives on early detection and intervention for older people in the Netherlands and compare their characteristics; 2. To explore the experiences of professionals with these initiatives; and 3. To explore to what extent existing initiatives meet the preferences and needs of older people. We performed a qualitative descriptive study in which we conducted semi-structured interviews with seventeen experts in preventive elderly care and three group interviews with volunteer elderly advisors. Data were analysed using the framework analysis method. We identified eight categories of initiatives based on the setting (e.g. general practitioner practice, hospital, municipality) in which they were offered. Initiatives differed in their aims and target groups. The utilization of peers to identify problems and risks, as was done by some initiatives, was seen as a strength. Difficulties were experienced with identifying the target group that would benefit from proactive delivery of care and support most, and with addressing prevalent issues among older people (e.g. psychosocial issues, self-reliance issues). Although there is a broad array of initiatives available, there is a discrepancy between supply and demand. Current initiatives insufficiently address needs of (frail) older people. More insight is needed in "what should be done by whom, for which target group and at what moment", in order to improve current practice in preventive elderly care.

  4. Cinética da degradação de geleiada de morango Kinetics of strawberry jelly degradation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Almeida Miguel

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Geleiadas de morango foram armazenadas à temperatura de 20 ºC (controle, 30 ºC (ambiente e 40 ºC (acelerada, a fim de se avaliar a vida-de-prateleira. A avaliação da vida-de-prateleira foi baseada em leituras objetivas de cor L, a e b Hunter (Minolta Chroma Meter CR-400b e subjetivas de cor, odor, sabor e textura (Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. As análises objetivas e subjetivas foram realizadas a cada 30 dias, por seis meses, nas três condições de armazenamento. Os dados obtidos mostraram que a reação cinética de degradação da cor se ajusta ao modelo cinético de 1ª ordem. O modelo de Arrhenius foi aplicado às velocidades de reação (k, nas diferentes temperaturas, fornecendo uma energia de ativação (Ea de 5,66 kcal.mol-1 e um valor de Q10 de 1,36. As geleiadas apresentaram qualidade adequada com relação ao teor de ácido ascórbico na ocasião do processamento, porém apresentaram baixa taxa de retenção de vitamina C, tendo, aos 60 dias, seu conteúdo reduzido em mais de 98%, independente da condição de armazenamento. As geleiadas mantidas a 40 ºC mostram-se mais sensíveis às alterações na cor, e esta temperatura afetou negativamente os atributos sensoriais, indicados pelo escurecimento e perdas de odor, sabor e textura. Estes resultados sugerem que as geleiadas devem ser armazenadas sob condições controladas de temperatura (20-30 ºC.Strawberry jelly was stored at 20 (control, 30 (room and 40 (accelerated ºC in order to evaluate their shelf lives. The shelf-life evaluation was based on objective color readings of L a b Hunter color (Minolta Chroma Meter CR-400 and on subjective color methods, smell, flavor, and texture (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis measurements. Objective and subjective analyses were carried out for 180 days at 30-day intervals under three different conditions. Experimental data show that the color degradation followed the model of a first order kinetic reaction. The Arrhenius model

  5. Cinética de degradación y persistencia de clorpirifós en mandarinas y naranjas del Noreste argentino (NEA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KULCZYCKI, C.1

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Las normativas legales sobre residuos de plaguicidas son cada vez más exigentes. Con frecuencia, hay una reducción significativa en el Límite Máximo de Residuos (LMR y en casos severos una prohibición de su uso. La estrategia de control fitosanitario debe tener en cuenta los niveles de residuos que quedan en la fruta y la cinética de disipación que disminuye los riesgos toxicológicos y comerciales. El clorpirifós es un insecticida utilizado en cítricos para el control de diversas plagas. La legislación argentina establece un LMR de 0,3 mg/kg para fruta entera y un Período de Carencia (PC de 21 días. Este valor coincide con el exigido por la Unión Europea (UE, excepto en mandarinas, y por la Federación de Rusia. En el presente trabajo se estudió la cinética de degradación y persistencia del clorpirifós en dos variedades de naranjas y tres de mandarinas.Los ensayos se realizaron con clorpirifós 48% (concentrado emulsionable en la preparación de un caldo con 120 cm3 cada 100 L de agua. Se utilizó una pulverizadora de turbina y un volumen de 2000-2500 l/ha. La degradación de residuos en frutas se estudió durante 120 días con toma de muestras periódicas. Los datos experimentales se utilizaron para establecer un modelo matemático de degradación en función del tiempo. En todos los casos, los residuos iniciales superaron el LMR y la disipación siguió un modelo logarítmico. Hasta el PC la eliminación fue rápida, con una reducción del 69 al 82% de los residuos. Luego continuó una fase de eliminación más lenta con niveles al final del ensayo entre 0,03 mg/kg y 0,01 mg/kg. En el PC se cumple con el LMR fijado por la legislación nacional y de los países compradores. La aparición de residuos en el final delensayo indica una gran persistencia del clorpirifós.

  6. Reducing the Risks for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stacul, Fulvio

    2005-01-01

    Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most serious adverse events associated with the use of contrast media (CM). Patients who develop this complication can have increased morbidity, higher rates of mortality, lengthy hospital stays, and poor long-term outcomes. Although CIN cannot be eliminated, the chances of developing this condition can be reduced by using appropriate prevention strategies. An important first step to reduce the chance of CIN is to identify risk factors associated with this condition. Patients with a previously elevated serum creatinine level, especially when secondary to diabetic nephropathy, are at great risk for developing CIN. Other patient-related risk factors include concurrent use of nephrotoxic medications, dehydration, congestive heart failure, age greater than 70 years, and probably the presence of diabetes mellitus even if serum creatinine is normal. Adequate hydration is widely accepted as an important prophylactic measure for preventing CIN, but the optimal hydration regimen is still debatable. The risk of CIN increases with greater doses of CM, as well as with the type of CM used. A high-osmolar CM poses a greater risk of CIN than does a low-osmolar CM and, as recent but limited data suggest, the use of an iso-osmolar CM is less nephrotoxic than a low-osmolar CM in patients with renal impairment following intra-arterial procedures, although this finding needs to be verified in future clinical studies. Pharmacologic agents such as calcium channel blockers, dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide, fenoldopam, prostaglandin E1, and endothelin receptor antagonist have not been proven effective against CIN development. Controversies still exist on the possible effectiveness of theophylline and N-acetylcysteine. Simple strategies for the prevention of CIN in at-risk patients are reviewed and unproven interventions are discussed

  7. Cinética de secado de fruta bomba (Carica papaya L., cv. Maradol Roja) mediante los métodos de deshidratación osmótica y por flujo de aire caliente

    OpenAIRE

    Daybelis Fernández Valdés; Sahylin Muñiz Becerá; Annia García Pereira; Rafael Cervantes Beyra; Dayvis Fernández Valdés

    2015-01-01

    La deshidratación es uno de los métodos más utilizados para la conservación de frutas y vegetales, mediante su uso se logra extender los períodos de almacenamiento preservando siempre la calidad de los productos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento cinético de las principales propiedades de la fruta bomba (Carica papaya L, cv. Maradol Roja) durante los procesos agroindustriales de deshidratación osmótica (DO) y por flujo de aire caliente (DAC). Las frutas se cort...

  8. El proceso de secado por atomización: formación de gránulos y cinética de secado de gotas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mondragón, Rosa

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Spray drying is a unit operation very common in many industrial processes. For each particular application, the resulting granulated material must possess determined properties that depend on the conditions in which the spray drying processing has been carried out, and whose dependence must be known in order to optimize the quality of the material obtained. The large number of variables that influence on the processes of matter and energy transfer and on the formation of granular material has required a detailed analysis of the drying process. Over the years there have been many studies on the spray drying processing of all kind of materials and the influence of process variables on the drying kinetics of the granulated material properties obtained. This article lists the most important works published for both the spray drying processing and the drying of individual droplets, as well as studies aimed at modeling the drying kinetics of drops.El proceso de secado por atomización es una operación unitaria que interviene en numerosas aplicaciones industriales. Para cada aplicación en concreto, el material granulado resultante debe poseer unas propiedades determinadas que dependen de las condiciones en las que se lleve a cabo el secado por atomización, y cuya dependencia debe conocerse para así optimizar la calidad del material obtenido. El gran número de variables que influyen en los procesos de transferencia de materia y energía que tienen lugar, y en la formación del material granulado, han hecho necesario el análisis en detalle del proceso de secado. A lo largo de los años han sido muchos los estudios realizados sobre el secado por atomización y la influencia de las variables del proceso en la cinética de secado y las propiedades del material granulado obtenido, para todo tipo de materiales. En este artículo se recogen los trabajos más importantes publicados correspondientes tanto al secado por atomización como al secado de gotas

  9. Distribution of human papilloma virus genotype prevalence in invasive cervical carcinomas and precancerous lesions in the Yangtze River Delta area, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Hongyun; Cheng, Xiaodong; Ye, Jing; Xu, Xiuyun; Hong, Ying; Sui, Long; You, Zhixue; Xie, Xing

    2018-04-27

    This study aimed to provide more information for cancer prevention strategies by determining the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype prevalence in invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) and precancerous lesion patients in the Yangtze River Delta area in China. This multi-centre descriptive cross-sectional study involves four university hospitals in the Jiangzhehu area. Women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN2, CIN3 or ICC who were diagnosed and treated in the four selected hospitals between February 2012 and April 2014 were eligible for recruitment. The average age of the patients was 40.93 ± 11.87 years old, among whom the youngest was 17 years old and the oldest was 76 years old.Those with immunodeficiency diseases or a previous history of cancer or CIN were excluded. HPV genotyping was performed by a central laboratory. The distribution and age and disease specificity of the HPV genotype prevalence were analysed. Of the 2181 collected samples, 251 were ICC and 1930 were CIN. The mean age of cervical cancer and CIN patients was 40.93 ± 11.8 years (range, 17-76 years). The five most commonly identified HPV types in each lesion class were as follows: CIN1: 52, 58, 16, 33, and CP; CIN2: 16, 58, 52, 33, and 31; CIN3: 16, 58, 33, 52, and 31; and ICC: 16, 58, 18, 52, and 33. CIN1 had an earlier age of onset (30-40 years) than CIN2, CIN3, and cervical cancer. The age of onset of cervical cancer exhibited two peaks at 40-44 and 50-54 years of age. In all infected patients, the frequency of HPV infection with a single type was 62.9%, and with multiple types, it was 38.1%. There was no difference in the frequencies of multiple types amongst the different cervical lesions. The most prevalent genotypes in the investigated area (52, 58, 16 and 18) justify the necessity of anti-HPV vaccination in teenagers and young girls under 24 years old in the Yangtze River Delta area in China. Infection with

  10. Lixiviación oxidante de sulfuros complejos en soluciones de cloruro amónico: cinética de la lixiviación de la esfalerita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Limpo, J. L.

    1997-08-01

    Full Text Available Recent studies on chloride leaching of sphalerite are rewieved. The kinetics of oxygen leaching of sphalerite in concentrated ammonium chloride solutions in the presence of cupric ion has been studied. A pure sphalerite and a zinc concentrate have been tested. 80-130 °C temperature range, the dissolution occurred according to a mixed model which assumed both diffusion through sulfur layer and a surface reaction in the shrinking core model. This is described mathematically as: [1-(1-X1/3] + B [1[ -2/3 X-(1-X2/3] = krt. The effect of temperature, cupric concentration and particle size on the dissolution rate were determinated. The activation energy of the rate constant kr for the pure sphalerite and zinc concentrate was found to be 66.4 and 67.6 kJ/mol respectively. The dissolution rate increased as the 0.43 power of the cupric cloride concentration. The results obtained for the effect of particle size show, such as it is predicted by the kinetic mixed model, that the rate constant kr is inversely related, and the parameter B is directly related, to particle radius.

    Tras la revisión de las publicaciones recientes sobre la lixiviación de esfalerita en medio cloruro, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la cinética de la lixiviación oxidante con oxígeno de esfalerita en soluciones concentradas de cloruro amónico en presencia de ion cúprico. Este estudio se ha realizado sobre una esfalerita de gran pureza y un concentrado diferencial de cinc. En el intervalo de temperatura estudiado (80 a 130 °C la disolución se produce de acuerdo con una cinética de control mixto según el modelo de "núcleo sin reaccionar", en el que tanto la difusión en la capa de azufre como la reacción química en el núcleo son etapas controlantes. La expresión matemática de este modelo es: [1-(1-X1/3] + B [1[ -2/3 X-(1-X2/3] = krt. Se ha estudiado la

  11. Clonal heterogeneity and chromosomal instability at disease presentation in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Talamo, Anna; Chalandon, Yves; Marazzi, Alfio; Jotterand, Martine

    2010-12-01

    Although aneuploidy has many possible causes, it often results from underlying chromosomal instability (CIN) leading to an unstable karyotype with cell-to-cell variation and multiple subclones. To test for the presence of CIN in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HeH ALL) at diagnosis, we investigated 20 patients (10 HeH ALL and 10 non-HeH ALL), using automated four-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) with centromeric probes for chromosomes 4, 6, 10, and 17. In HeH ALL, the proportion of abnormal cells ranged from 36.3% to 92.4%, and a variety of aneuploid populations were identified. Compared with conventional cytogenetics, I-FISH revealed numerous additional clones, some of them very small. To investigate the nature and origin of this clonal heterogeneity, we determined average numerical CIN values for all four chromosomes together and for each chromosome and patient group. The CIN values in HeH ALL were relatively high (range, 22.2-44.7%), compared with those in non-HeH ALL (3.2-6.4%), thus accounting for the presence of numerical CIN in HeH ALL at diagnosis. We conclude that numerical CIN may be at the origin of the high level of clonal heterogeneity revealed by I-FISH in HeH ALL at presentation, which would corroborate the potential role of CIN in tumor pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. La sérialité au cinéma : une stratégie de marque ?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hélène Laurichesse

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Le phénomène sériel au cinéma peut s’analyser comme une orientation stratégique tournée vers la reproduction du succès. La production de suites conçues après le succès d’un film (sequels ou prequels, ou encore par des créations pensées dès l’origine sous forme de séries (adaptation de sagas littéraires par ex. illustre cette démarche. La notoriété pré-existante constitue la première composante d’une stratégie de marque qui va rendre possible à terme le développement d’une politique de fidélisation du public. L’étude du cas de la saga Twilight, série de livres déclinée en plusieurs épisodes filmiques, nous permettra d’analyser cette logique.The serial phenomenon in the movie industry can be analysed as a strategy focus on a success reproduction. Sequels or saga literary’s adaptations illustrate this approach. The pre-existing fame is the first component of a brand’s strategy which manages to develop a customer loyalty program. The study of the Twilight's saga case, a series of books turned into multiple film episodes will allow us to analyse this logic.

  13. Projection patterns of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stokke, Mathis Frøshaug; Nissen, Ulla Vig; Glover, Joel C.

    2002-01-01

    with fluorescent dextran amines, we show that CINs with ascending axons (ascending CINs, or aCINs) and CINs with descending axons (descending CINs, or dCINs) constitute largely different populations. We show that aCINs and dCINs occupy partially overlapping domains in the transverse plane. The aCINs are located...

  14. Cinéma et lien : une enquête intime auprès d'une famille italienne en Lorraine Cinema and social bonding: an intimate investigation into an Italian family in Lorraine

    OpenAIRE

    Marion Froger; Émilie Tullio

    2012-01-01

    Au cours de ces dix dernières années, deux chercheurs français – Fabrice Montebello et Jean-Marc Leveratto – se sont intéressés aux rapports qu'entretiennent les ouvriers lorrains d'origine italienne avec le cinéma et aux pratiques sociales qui en découlent. Nous nous proposons de poursuivre ce travail d’enquête. En procédant à des entretiens approfondis avec les membres d’une même famille à la culture essentiellement audiovisuelle, nous retracerons leur mémoire de spectateurs issus des commu...

  15. Can hospital audit teams identify case management problems, analyse their causes, identify and implement improvements? A cross-sectional process evaluation of obstetric near-miss case reviews in Benin

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    Background Obstetric near-miss case reviews are being promoted as a quality assurance intervention suitable for hospitals in low income countries. We introduced such reviews in five district, regional and national hospitals in Benin, West Africa. In a cross-sectional study we analysed the extent to which the hospital audit teams were able to identify case management problems (CMPs), analyse their causes, agree on solutions and put these solutions into practice. Methods We analysed case summaries, women’s interview transcripts and audit minutes produced by the audit teams for 67 meetings concerning one woman with near-miss complications each. We compared the proportion of CMPs identified by an external assessment team to the number found by the audit teams. For the latter, we described the CMP causes identified, solutions proposed and implemented by the audit teams. Results Audit meetings were conducted regularly and were well attended. Audit teams identified half of the 714 CMPs; they were more likely to find managerial ones (71%) than the ones relating to treatment (30%). Most identified CMPs were valid. Almost all causes of CMPs were plausible, but often too superficial to be of great value for directing remedial action. Audit teams suggested solutions, most of them promising ones, for 38% of the CMPs they had identified, but recorded their implementation only for a minority (8.5%). Conclusions The importance of following-up and documenting the implementation of solutions should be stressed in future audit interventions. Tools facilitating the follow-up should be made available. Near-miss case reviews hold promise, but their effectiveness to improve the quality of care sustainably and on a large scale still needs to be established. PMID:23057707

  16. Axonal regeneration and development of de novo axons from distal dendrites of adult feline commissural interneurons after a proximal axotomy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fenrich, Keith K; Skelton, Nicole; MacDermid, Victoria E

    2007-01-01

    Following proximal axotomy, several types of neurons sprout de novo axons from distal dendrites. These processes may represent a means of forming new circuits following spinal cord injury. However, it is not know whether mammalian spinal interneurons, axotomized as a result of a spinal cord injury......, develop de novo axons. Our goal was to determine whether spinal commissural interneurons (CINs), axotomized by 3-4-mm midsagittal transection at C3, form de novo axons from distal dendrites. All experiments were performed on adult cats. CINs in C3 were stained with extracellular injections of Neurobiotin...... at 4-5 weeks post injury. The somata of axotomized CINs were identified by the presence of immunoreactivity for the axonal growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Nearly half of the CINs had de novo axons that emerged from distal dendrites. These axons lacked immunoreactivity for the dendritic protein...

  17. Estudio cinético de la descomposición térmica del carbonato de Estroncio en el sistema SrCO3-Al2O3-SrSO4

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torres T, J.

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available The thermal decomposition of strontium carbonate in the SrCO3-Al2O3-SrSO4 system was studied by thermal analysis under isothermal experiments. Powder of reactive grade of SrCO3, Al2O3 y SrSO4 in molar ratio 3:3:1 were prepared. The powders were heat treated from 750 to 1000 °C for 4 h. Loss weight for each temperature was registered and the kinetics parameter were determine using the classical fit method. The effect of mechanical activation of SrCO3 was studied as well. The reaction mechanism for 750 to 900 °C temperature range corresponded to a geometric shrinkage in the grain boundary (R1.1 with an activation energy of 106. 21 Kjmol-1. The reaction mechanism for 900 to 1100 °C temperature range corresponded to a nucleation and growing (P1.1 with an activation energy of 44.87 Kjmol-1. The activation energy was reduced in 35% for the samples that contained SrCO3 mechanically activated.La cinética de descomposición térmica del carbonato de Estroncio (SrCO3 en el sistema SrCO3-Al2O3-SrSO4 se estudió por medio de análisis térmico gravimétrico (ATG, utilizando el método isotérmico. Se prepararon mezclas de polvos 3:3:1 molar de SrCO3, Al2O3 y SrSO4 grado reactivo, las cuales fueron homogenizadas y tratadas a temperaturas entre 750 hasta 1100°C, por periodo de 4 horas. Adicionalmente se estudio el efecto del tiempo de activación mecánica del SrCO3 sobre la cinética de descomposición. Se obtuvieron curvas representativas de la pérdida de peso de las muestras al incrementar la temperatura, a partir de ellas se realizó el estudio cinético. Para el rango de temperatura de 750 a 900°C, el mecanismo de reacción que rige el proceso de descomposición corresponde a una contracción geométrica mediante la frontera de grano (R1.1 con una energía de activación (Ea de 106.21KJmol-1. En el rango de temperatura de 950 a 1100°C, el mecanismo de reacción que rige la descomposición corresponde a un proceso de nucleación y crecimiento (P1

  18. No Problem? No Research, Little Learning ... Big Problem!

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Ornelas Marques

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The motivation to carry out this study stemmed from the generalized perception that nowadays youth lacks the skills for the 21st century. Especially the high-level competences like critical thinking, problem solving and autonomy. Several tools can help to improve these competences (e.g. the SCRATCH programming language, but, as researchers and educators, we are mostly concerned with the skill to recognize problems. What if we do not find problems to solve? What if we do not even feel the need to find or solve problems? The problem is to recognize the problem; the next step is to equate the problem; finally we have to feel the need to solve it. No need? No invention. Recognizing a problem is probably the biggest problem of everyday life, because we are permanently faced with problems (many ill-defined problems, which we need to identify, equate and solve.

  19. Diagnosing plant problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheryl A. Smith

    2008-01-01

    Diagnosing Christmas tree problems can be a challenge, requiring a basic knowledge of plant culture and physiology, the effect of environmental influences on plant health, and the ability to identify the possible causes of plant problems. Developing a solution or remedy to the problem depends on a proper diagnosis, a process that requires recognition of a problem and...

  20. R2E – identifying problems, mitigating risks

    CERN Document Server

    Anaïs Schaeffer

    2013-01-01

    During LS1, the R2E project team will be working on a task as painstaking as it is crucial: to achieve a sixfold reduction in the number of electronic malfunctions caused by radiation. On their success depends the ability of the accelerator to function correctly at nominal energy. No mean challenge, considering it comes on top of the tenfold reduction already achieved since 2009.   The graph plots the rate of LHC beam dumps due to single-event effects against beam luminosity. An indication of the challenge that faces the R2E project teams during LS1! The origins of the project known as R2E (Radiation to Electronics) go back to 2007, when the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) experiment was being commissioned. "Right from the outset, some CNGS control systems were causing problems. They would regularly break down in operations with beam," recalls Markus Brugger, head of the R2E project. "Even though the beam intensity was very low, we began to suspect that radiati...

  1. Factors associated with colposcopy-histopathology confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women from Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela Cristina Vasconcelos de Andrade

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Despite the availability of preventive strategies (screening tests and vaccines, cervical cancer continues to impose a significant health burden in low- and medium-resourced countries. HIV-infected women are at increased risk for infection with human papillomavirus (HPV and thus development of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN. METHODS: Study participants included HIV-infected women enrolling the prospective open cohort of Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IPEC/FIOCRUZ. At cohort entry, women were subjected to conventional Papanicolaou test, HPV-DNA test and colposcopy; lesions suspicious for CIN were biopsied. Histopathology report was based on directed biopsy or on specimens obtained by excision of the transformation zone or cervical conization. Poisson regression modeling was used to assess factors associated with CIN2+ diagnosis. RESULTS: The median age of the 366 HIV-infected women included in the study was 34 years (interquartile range: 28-41 years. The prevalence of CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3 were 20.0%, 3.5%, and 2.2%, respectively. One woman was found to have cervical cancer. The prevalence of CIN2+ was 6.0%. Factors associated with CIN2+ diagnosis in the multivariate model were age < years compared to ≥ 35 years (aPR  =  3.22 95%CI 1.23-8.39, current tobacco use (aPR  =  3.69 95%CI 1.54-8.78, nadir CD4 T-cell count <350 cells/mm3 when compared to ≥ 350 cells/mm3 (aPR  =  6.03 95%CI 1.50-24.3 and concomitant diagnosis of vulvar and/or vaginal intraepithelial lesion (aPR  =  2.68 95%CI 0.99-7.24. DISCUSSION: Increased survival through wide-spread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy might allow for the development of cervical cancer. In Brazil, limited cytology screening and gynecological care adds further complexity to the HIV-HPV co-infection problem. Integrated HIV care and cervical cancer prevention programs are needed for the prevention of cervical

  2. Les représentations du dieu Hermès et du couple Hestia-Hermès dans le cinéma américain des années 1930 à nos jours

    OpenAIRE

    Bloch , Jérôme

    2012-01-01

    ISBN 978-606-14-0550-3; International audience; S'inscrivant dans une démarche analytique et comparative, à la croisée de disciplines aussi fécondes que diversifiées -- l'histoire du cinéma, l'analyse filmique et littéraire, les gender studies... -- notre communication s'attache à dresser un panorama exhaustif des films américains mettant en scène la figure d'Hermès. Suivant une approche chronologique, notre démonstration s'appuie sur l'étude d'une dizaine de films produits sur le territoire ...

  3. Can hospital audit teams identify case management problems, analyse their causes, identify and implement improvements? A cross-sectional process evaluation of obstetric near-miss case reviews in Benin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borchert Matthias

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Obstetric near-miss case reviews are being promoted as a quality assurance intervention suitable for hospitals in low income countries. We introduced such reviews in five district, regional and national hospitals in Benin, West Africa. In a cross-sectional study we analysed the extent to which the hospital audit teams were able to identify case management problems (CMPs, analyse their causes, agree on solutions and put these solutions into practice. Methods We analysed case summaries, women’s interview transcripts and audit minutes produced by the audit teams for 67 meetings concerning one woman with near-miss complications each. We compared the proportion of CMPs identified by an external assessment team to the number found by the audit teams. For the latter, we described the CMP causes identified, solutions proposed and implemented by the audit teams. Results Audit meetings were conducted regularly and were well attended. Audit teams identified half of the 714 CMPs; they were more likely to find managerial ones (71% than the ones relating to treatment (30%. Most identified CMPs were valid. Almost all causes of CMPs were plausible, but often too superficial to be of great value for directing remedial action. Audit teams suggested solutions, most of them promising ones, for 38% of the CMPs they had identified, but recorded their implementation only for a minority (8.5%. Conclusions The importance of following-up and documenting the implementation of solutions should be stressed in future audit interventions. Tools facilitating the follow-up should be made available. Near-miss case reviews hold promise, but their effectiveness to improve the quality of care sustainably and on a large scale still needs to be established.

  4. Kinetic Study of Convective Drying of Blueberry Variety O’neil (Vaccinium corymbosum L. Estudio de la Cinética del Secado Convectivo de Arándano Variedad O’Neil (Vaccinium corymbosum L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Vega-Gálvez

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this research was to study and to model the drying kinetics of the blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L. at three temperatures (60, 70 and 80 ºC with an airflow of 2.0 ± 0.2 m s-1. Modeling of the desorption isotherm was carried out with the GAB (Guggenheim, Anderson and de Boer equation, showing a good fit to experimental moisture data, giving as a result a monolayer moisture level of 0.084 g water g-1 dm. Newton, Henderson-Pabis, Page, Modified Page and Logarithmic mathematical models were applied in the study and in the modeling of the drying kinetics of this fruit. Kinetic parameters k of each model showed dependence on temperature, and were evaluated by an Arrhenius-type equation, with an activation energy of between 36.2 and 54.5 kJ mol-1. Logarithmic and Modified Page models gave the best fits for each drying curve, based on the statistical test determination coefficient, sum square error, root mean sum errors and Chi-square. In consequence, both models are excellent tools for estimating the drying time of this product.El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar y modelar la cinética de secado del arándano ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. a tres temperaturas (60, 70 y 80 ºC con un flujo de aire de 2,0 ± 0,2 m s-1. El modelado de la isoterma de desorción se llevó a cabo con la ecuación de GAB (Guggenheim, Anderson y de Boer, mostrando un buen ajuste sobre los datos experimentales de humedad, dando como resultado una humedad de la monocapa de 0,084 g de agua g-1 ms. Se aplicaron los modelos matemáticos de Newton, Henderson-Pabis, Page, Page modificado y Logarítmico para el modelado de la cinética de secado de esta fruta. Los parámetros cinéticos k de cada modelo presentaron dependencia con la temperatura, evaluadas por una ecuación de tipo Arrhenius, con una energía de activación entre 36,2-54,5 kJ mol-1. Los modelos Logarítmico y Page modificado obtuvieron el mejor ajuste para cada curva de secado, basado en las

  5. Consumo de oxígeno en hipotermia, durante circulación extracorpórea, en cirugías de niños con cardiopatías congénitas complejas en Canarias: perfiles cinéticos e implicaciones fisiológicas

    OpenAIRE

    García Mendieta, Jorge Saúl

    2016-01-01

    Programa de doctorado: Avances en Medicina Interna. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura [ES]El presente estudio intenta demostrar que hay diferentes perfiles cinéticos de la relación consumo de oxígeno y temperatura corporal, durante la circulación extracorpórea e hipotermia (CEC-Hp) en niños operados por cardiopatías congénitas complejas en Canarias.

  6. Minor Cytological Abnormalities and up to 7-Year Risk for Subsequent High-Grade Lesions by HPV Type.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Persson

    Full Text Available Diagnoses of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL are common, but the corresponding risk of disease varies by human papillomavirus (HPV status, complicating management strategies. Our aim was to estimate the longer-term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+ among women with ASCUS/LSIL by age, HPV status, and genotype(s.A total of 314 women with ASCUS/ LSIL were followed for a median of 3.8 years. Baseline HPV status was determined by reflex testing and women with histologically confirmed CIN2+ were identified through linkage to the Swedish National Quality Register for Cervical Cancer Prevention. Cumulative incidence and hazard ratios were estimated to explore differences between index data and associations with CIN2+.In total, 89 women (28.3% developed CIN2+. High-risk (HR HPV-positive women developed significantly more CIN2+ than HR-HPV-negative women (cumulative incidence 3.5 years after the index test: 42.2%, 95% CI: 32.5-53.5 for HPV16/18; 36.2%, 95% CI: 28.3-45.4 for other HR-HPV types; and 2.0%, 95% CI: 0.5-7.8 for HR-HPV-negative women; p<0.0001.HPV status was of greatest importance in determining the risk of CIN2+. The risk was low among HPV-negative women during the first years of follow-up, suggesting these women could be followed less intensively. HPV16/18-positive women may need intensified follow-up as they showed the highest risk of CIN2+.

  7. Minor Cytological Abnormalities and up to 7-Year Risk for Subsequent High-Grade Lesions by HPV Type.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Persson, Maria; Elfström, K Miriam; Olsson, Sven-Erik; Dillner, Joakim; Andersson, Sonia

    2015-01-01

    Diagnoses of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are common, but the corresponding risk of disease varies by human papillomavirus (HPV) status, complicating management strategies. Our aim was to estimate the longer-term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) among women with ASCUS/LSIL by age, HPV status, and genotype(s). A total of 314 women with ASCUS/ LSIL were followed for a median of 3.8 years. Baseline HPV status was determined by reflex testing and women with histologically confirmed CIN2+ were identified through linkage to the Swedish National Quality Register for Cervical Cancer Prevention. Cumulative incidence and hazard ratios were estimated to explore differences between index data and associations with CIN2+. In total, 89 women (28.3%) developed CIN2+. High-risk (HR) HPV-positive women developed significantly more CIN2+ than HR-HPV-negative women (cumulative incidence 3.5 years after the index test: 42.2%, 95% CI: 32.5-53.5 for HPV16/18; 36.2%, 95% CI: 28.3-45.4 for other HR-HPV types; and 2.0%, 95% CI: 0.5-7.8 for HR-HPV-negative women; p<0.0001). HPV status was of greatest importance in determining the risk of CIN2+. The risk was low among HPV-negative women during the first years of follow-up, suggesting these women could be followed less intensively. HPV16/18-positive women may need intensified follow-up as they showed the highest risk of CIN2+.

  8. NOVEL EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CDKN2A ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSION OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wijetunga, N. Ari; Belbin, Thomas J.; Burk, Robert D.; Whitney, Kathleen; Abadi, Maria; Greally, John M.; Einstein, Mark H.; Schlecht, Nicolas F.

    2016-01-01

    Objective To conduct a comprehensive mapping of the genomic DNA methylation in CDKN2A, which codes for the p16INK4A and p14ARF proteins, and 14 of the most promising DNA methylation marker candidates previously reported to be associated with progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) to cervical cancer. Methods We analyzed DNA methylation in 68 HIV-seropositive and negative women with incident CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and invasive cervical cancer, assaying 120 CpG dinucleotide sites spanning APC, CDH1, CDH13, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, DAPK1, FHIT, GSTP1, HIC1, MGMT, MLH1, RARB, RASSF1, TERT and TIMP3 using the Illumina Infinium array. Validation was performed using high resolution mapping of the target genes with HELP-tagging for 286 CpGs, followed by fine mapping of candidate genes with targeted bisulfite sequencing. We assessed for statistical differences in DNA methylation levels for each CpG loci assayed using univariate and multivariate methods correcting for multiple comparisons. Results In our discovery sample set, we identified dose dependent differences in DNA methylation with grade of disease in CDKN2A, APC, MGMT, MLH1 and HIC1, whereas single CpG locus differences between CIN2/3 and cancer groups were seen for CDH13, DAPK1 and TERT. Only those CpGs in the gene body of CDKN2A showed a monotonic increase in methylation between persistent CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and cancers. Conclusion Our data suggests a novel link between early cervical disease progression and DNA methylation in a region downstream of the CDKN2A transcription start site that may lead to increased p16INK4A/p14ARF expression prior to development of malignant disease. PMID:27401842

  9. Novel epigenetic changes in CDKN2A are associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wijetunga, N Ari; Belbin, Thomas J; Burk, Robert D; Whitney, Kathleen; Abadi, Maria; Greally, John M; Einstein, Mark H; Schlecht, Nicolas F

    2016-09-01

    To conduct a comprehensive mapping of the genomic DNA methylation in CDKN2A, which codes for the p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF) proteins, and 14 of the most promising DNA methylation marker candidates previously reported to be associated with progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) to cervical cancer. We analyzed DNA methylation in 68 HIV-seropositive and negative women with incident CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and invasive cervical cancer, assaying 120 CpG dinucleotide sites spanning APC, CDH1, CDH13, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, DAPK1, FHIT, GSTP1, HIC1, MGMT, MLH1, RARB, RASSF1, TERT and TIMP3 using the Illumina Infinium array. Validation was performed using high resolution mapping of the target genes with HELP-tagging for 286 CpGs, followed by fine mapping of candidate genes with targeted bisulfite sequencing. We assessed for statistical differences in DNA methylation levels for each CpG loci assayed using univariate and multivariate methods correcting for multiple comparisons. In our discovery sample set, we identified dose dependent differences in DNA methylation with grade of disease in CDKN2A, APC, MGMT, MLH1 and HIC1, whereas single CpG locus differences between CIN2/3 and cancer groups were seen for CDH13, DAPK1 and TERT. Only those CpGs in the gene body of CDKN2A showed a monotonic increase in methylation between persistent CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and cancers. Our data suggests a novel link between early cervical disease progression and DNA methylation in a region downstream of the CDKN2A transcription start site that may lead to increased p16(INK4A)/p14(ARF) expression prior to development of malignant disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Predictive Value of CHA2DS2-VASC Score for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kurtul, Alparslan; Yarlioglues, Mikail; Duran, Mustafa

    2017-03-15

    The CHA2DS2-VASC score, used for embolic risk stratification in atrial fibrillation (AF), has been reported recently to predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), regardless of having AF. We investigated the correlation between the CHA2DS2-VASC score and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with ACS who underwent urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1,408 patients were enrolled in the study. The CHA2DS2-VASC score was calculated for each patient. Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the study population was divided into 2 groups: CHA2DS2-VASC score ≤3 group (n = 944) and CHA2DS2-VASC score ≥4 group (n = 464). Patients were then reallocated to 2 groups according to the presence or absence of CIN. CIN was defined as a rise in serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dl or >25% increase in baseline within 72 hours after PCI. Overall, 159 cases (11.3%) of CIN were diagnosed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed good diagnostic value of CHA2DS2-VASC score in predicting CIN (area under the curve 0.769, 95% confidence interval 0.733 to 0.805; p high score had a higher frequency of CIN (23.9% vs 5.1%; p <0.001), and multivariate analysis identified the CHA2DS2-VASC score of ≥4 as an independent predictor of CIN. In conclusion, CHA2DS2-VASC score can be used as a new, simple, and reliable tool to predict CIN in patients with ACS who underwent urgent PCI. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Strategy to identify the causes and to solve a sludge granulation problem in methanogenic reactors: application to a full-scale plant treating cheese wastewater.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macarie, Hervé; Esquivel, Maricela; Laguna, Acela; Baron, Olivier; El Mamouni, Rachid; Guiot, Serge R; Monroy, Oscar

    2017-08-26

    Granulation of biomass is at the basis of the operation of the most successful anaerobic systems (UASB, EGSB and IC reactors) applied worldwide for wastewater treatment. Despite of decades of studies of the biomass granulation process, it is still not fully understood and controlled. "Degranulation/lack of granulation" is a problem that occurs sometimes in anaerobic systems resulting often in heavy loss of biomass and poor treatment efficiencies or even complete reactor failure. Such a problem occurred in Mexico in two full-scale UASB reactors treating cheese wastewater. A close follow-up of the plant was performed to try to identify the factors responsible for the phenomenon. Basically, the list of possible causes to a granulation problem that were investigated can be classified amongst nutritional, i.e. related to wastewater composition (e.g. deficiency or excess of macronutrients or micronutrients, too high COD proportion due to proteins or volatile fatty acids, high ammonium, sulphate or fat concentrations), operational (excessive loading rate, sub- or over-optimal water upflow velocity) and structural (poor hydraulic design of the plant). Despite of an intensive search, the causes of the granulation problems could not be identified. The present case remains however an example of the strategy that must be followed to identify these causes and could be used as a guide for plant operators or consultants who are confronted with a similar situation independently of the type of wastewater. According to a large literature based on successful experiments at lab scale, an attempt to artificially granulate the industrial reactor biomass through the dosage of a cationic polymer was also tested but equally failed. Instead of promoting granulation, the dosage caused a heavy sludge flotation. This shows that the scaling of such a procedure from lab to real scale cannot be advised right away unless its operability at such a scale can be demonstrated.

  12. A prospective study on the risk of contrast induced nephropathy in the patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examination

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Baocui; Zhang Yudong; Zhao Kai; Wang Xiaoying; Jiang Xuexiang

    2013-01-01

    Objective: To investigate the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) among different patient groups after contrast agent injection. Methods: A total of 1243 patients were included in this study (male = 694, female = 549). The SCr level one week before and 72 hours after the CT examination and the incidence of CIN were recorded and comparison was made among groups according to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), the history of high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic heart failure (CHF), tumor, nephrotoxicity drug (NTD) usage. The frequency, type, dose and injection velocity of the contrast media (CM) were also recorded. Multivariate predictors of CIN were identified by Logistic regression using step-wise selection with entry and exit criteria of P 1). Conclusion: Women, age ≥ 75 years, LOCM, NTD, tumor, and the frequency of using CM more than once per month were more likely to develop CIN. (authors)

  13. Identification and validation of genes involved in cervical tumourigenesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rajkumar, Thangarajan; Sabitha, Kesavan; Vijayalakshmi, Neelakantan; Shirley, Sundersingh; Bose, Mayil Vahanan; Gopal, Gopisetty; Selvaluxmy, Ganesharaja

    2011-01-01

    Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women. This cancer has well defined pre-cancerous stages and evolves over 10-15 years or more. This study was undertaken to identify differentially expressed genes between normal, dysplastic and invasive cervical cancer. A total of 28 invasive cervical cancers, 4 CIN3/CIS, 4 CIN1/CIN2 and 5 Normal cervix samples were studied. We have used microarray technique followed by validation of the significant genes by relative quantitation using Taqman Low Density Array Real Time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the protein expression of MMP3, UBE2C and p16 in normal, dysplasia and cancers of the cervix. The effect of a dominant negative UBE2C on the growth of the SiHa cells was assessed using a MTT assay. Our study, for the first time, has identified 20 genes to be up-regulated and 14 down-regulated in cervical cancers and 5 up-regulated in CIN3. In addition, 26 genes identified by other studies, as to playing a role in cervical cancer, were also confirmed in our study. UBE2C, CCNB1, CCNB2, PLOD2, NUP210, MELK, CDC20 genes were overexpressed in tumours and in CIN3/CIS relative to both Normal and CIN1/CIN2, suggesting that they could have a role to play in the early phase of tumorigenesis. IL8, INDO, ISG15, ISG20, AGRN, DTXL, MMP1, MMP3, CCL18, TOP2A AND STAT1 were found to be upregulated in tumours. Using Immunohistochemistry, we showed over-expression of MMP3, UBE2C and p16 in cancers compared to normal cervical epithelium and varying grades of dysplasia. A dominant negative UBE2C was found to produce growth inhibition in SiHa cells, which over-expresses UBE2C 4 fold more than HEK293 cells. Several novel genes were found to be differentially expressed in cervical cancer. MMP3, UBE2C and p16 protein overexpression in cervical cancers was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. These will need to be validated further in a larger series of samples. UBE2C could be evaluated further to assess its potential as a

  14. Cinética de degradação e vida-de-prateleira de suco integral de manga Kinetics of degradation and shelf-life of whole mango juice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anderson do Nascimento Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou estudar a cinética de degradação de suco integral manga Ubá por testes acelerados e estimar sua vida-de-prateleira a 25°C. Para isso, amostras do produto foram armazenadas em estufas tipo BOD a 25, 35 e 45°C, providas de iluminação (650lux 24 horas por dia. As características físico-químicas que mais influenciaram na qualidade do produto foram as coordenadas de cor (L* e ∆E* e a concentração de vitamina C. A alteração da cor seguiu o modelo cinético de ordem zero, sendo verificado um escurecimento dos produtos mantidos a 35°C e 45°C, enquanto que a degradação da vitamina C foi mais bem explicada pelo modelo de primeira ordem. Houve correlação significativa entre a concentração de vitamina C e os valores de L* e ∆E* (PThis research aimed to study the kinetic of whole mango juice cv. 'Ubá' degradation using accelerated assays and estimate its shelf-life at 25°C. The products were stored in BOD incubator at 25°C (control, 35°C and 45°C (accelerated conditions, provided with 24 hours a day 650lux lighting. Physico-chemical properties that most influenced the quality of the product were the color coordinates (L* and ∆E* and the vitamin C content. It was found that zero order kinetic model was the best fit to variations in the values of L* and ∆E*, which showed browning of products stored under higher temperatures. There were significant correlations between changes in vitamin C content and changes in values of L* and ∆E*, suggesting that the degradation of this vitamin contributed to darkening of the product. Shelf-life of 190 days was estimated for whole mango juice stored at 25°C, using vitamin C content as the limiting quality.

  15. Estudio cinético de la eliminación de magnesio en las aleaciones de aluminio mediante la inyección de polvos de sílice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Escobedo, J. C.

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study on the magnesium removal from molten aluminium alloys using submerged SiO2 powders injection is presented. The variables analysed were the chemical content and the particle size of the solid agents, the melt temperature and the injection rate. It was possible to decrease the magnesium content from 1.2 to 0.02wt %, with a low inclusions content. As the main mechanism of the magnesium removal process is of diffusive type, the global process rate increases as the temperature and the injection rate are increased, while decreasing particle size. In all the cases studied, a first order global process was determined and the global rate constants were also evaluated.

    Se presenta un estudio cinético de la eliminación de magnesio de una aleación base aluminio líquida, utilizando la técnica de inyección de agentes sólidos base SiO2 transportados por un gas inerte. Las variables estudiadas son: la composición de los agentes sólidos, la temperatura del baño metálico, la velocidad de inyección y el tamaño de partícula de los agentes sólidos. Se logró disminuir el contenido de magnesio en la aleación, desde 1,2 hasta 0,02 % en peso, encontrándose que, debido a que el mecanismo que gobierna la cinética de eliminación de magnesio es de carácter difusivo, la velocidad de reacción aumenta al incrementarse la temperatura y la velocidad de inyección y al disminuirse el tamaño de partícula. También, se determinó que el proceso de eliminación de magnesio es de primer orden, evaluándose, además, las constantes de velocidad del proceso global a las diferentes condiciones experimentales empleadas.

  16. Detection of human papillomavirus by hybrid capture and real time PCR methods in patients with chronic cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisha Khandker

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Background and objectives:Cervical cancer due to Human papillomavirus (HPV is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Testing of HPV can identify women who are at risk of cervical cancer. Nowadays, molecular methods like real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR and hybrid capture technique are applied for detecting HPV in cervical specimens. The objective of the present study was to determine the rate of HPV infection in women with chronic cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN by a commercial real time polymerase chain reaction test kit and by a hybrid capture HPV DNA test. Methods:Women aged between 20 to 55 years with chronic cervicitis and CIN were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Cervical specimen was collected by using cervical brush and stored in transport medium until used. HPV was detected by High Risk Screen Real-TM Quant 2x (Sacace, Biotechnologies SrI, Italy real time PCR kit (HR RT-PCR and by Hybrid Capture-2 High-Risk HPV DNA (Hc-2; Digene Corporation, USA test. Results: Total 72 women with chronic cervicitis and CIN of different grades were included in the study. Out of this, HPV infection detected by HR RT-PCR was 31 (43% and by Hc-2 was 14 (19.4%. Both the tests were able to detect HPV infection in all the CIN 3 cases and in most of the CIN 2 cases. However, HR RT-PCR detected higher number of HPV in chronic cervicitis and CIN1 cases. Conclusion:The study has shown that HR RT-PCR and Hc-2 tests are equally effective in detecting HPV infection in patients with CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions. However, HR RT-PCR is more sensitive test for detecting HPV in chronic cervicitis and early CIN lesions and, therefore can be used in epidemiological study to detect presence of HPV in general population. IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(2: 45-48

  17. TMEM45A, SERPINB5 and p16INK4A transcript levels are predictive for development of high-grade cervical lesions

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Manawapat-Klopfer, Anna; Thomsen, Louise T; Martus, Peter

    2016-01-01

    Women persistently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 are at high risk for development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cervical cancer (CIN3+). We aimed to identify biomarkers for progression to CIN3+ in women with persistent HPV16 infection. In this prospective study......, 11,088 women aged 20-29 years were enrolled during 1991-1993, and re-invited for a second visit two years later. Cervical cytology samples obtained at both visits were tested for HPV DNA by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), and HC2-positive samples were genotyped by INNO-LiPA. The cohort was followed for up...... to 19 years via a national pathology register. To identify markers for progression to CIN3+, we performed microarray analysis on RNA extracted from cervical swabs of 30 women with persistent HPV16-infection and 11 HPV-negative women. Six genes were selected and validated by quantitative PCR. Three genes...

  18. [Perceptions on healthcare in people with self-identified mental health problems in the rural areas of Peru].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saavedra, Javier E; Uchofen-Herrera, Verousckha

    2016-01-01

    Person-centered health and community health perspectives on its needs and resources are mandatory in healthcare policies in highly cultural diverse contexts. From this point of view, epidemiology needs to be centered not only on the disease, but also on the health diagnosis and its context, including the points of view of people and the community about their problems and needs. This article describes and qualitatively analyzes the views of adults with self-identified mental health disorders (MHD) in rural regions on the coast, highlands, and jungle of Peru, as causal factors, personal resources, and healthcare expectations from health facilities, using the narrative approach of ideographic formulation proposed by the World Psychiatric Association. The database of mental health epidemiological studies from the National Mental Health Institute was used. The qualitative analysis on answers from 235 people reveals that a large part of MHD is linked to the dynamics of troubled families and to the loss of loved ones. The presence of scarce community resources that help overcome these problems is noted. Counseling is stressed among the expectations of healthcare at facilities; nevertheless, many people do not know what to expect from such healthcare. We believe that the narrative approach is an important tool as regards to community- and person-centered medicine and intervention strategy planning.

  19. Study the Problem.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choate, Joyce S.

    1990-01-01

    The initial step of a strategic process for solving mathematical problems, "studying the question," is discussed. A lesson plan for teaching students to identify and revise arithmetic problems is presented, involving directed instruction and supervised practice. (JDD)

  20. Análise da cinética de replicação do parvovírus canino em cultivo de células CRFK através da PCR em tempo real

    OpenAIRE

    Alexandra Rosa da Silva

    2011-01-01

    No presente estudo, foi inicialmente padronizada uma PCR para detecção do DNA viral da semente de Parvovírus Canino utilizado na vacina brasileira Imunovet® (VR-953TM), tendo como alvo o gene VP2. O produto de PCR foi submetido ao seqüenciamento a fim de caracterizar geneticamente a semente vacinal. A seguir, foi padronizada uma reação de PCR em tempo real (RT-PCR) para detecção de um fragmento de 119 pb do gene VP2, a qual foi empregada para avaliar a cinética de replicação da amostra vacina...

  1. Adsorção de quinolina em sílica-alumina a partir de soluções com n-hexadecano por calorimétrica: estudo da cinética e da isoterma

    OpenAIRE

    Luana Barreto Madureira

    2014-01-01

    As legislações ambientais estão cada vez mais severas em relação à quantidade de compostos sulfurados eliminada na atmosfera pela queima de combustíveis fósseis. Os processos de adsorção têm se destacado como uma alternativa promissora na remoção de sulfurados presentes em combustíveis. Nos estudos de adsorção, ensaios de cinética e isoterma usando banhos agitados são frequentemente utilizados na avaliação do desempenho dos adsorventes na remoção desejada. Apesar de úteis, tais ensaios aprese...

  2. The contribution of parent and youth information to identify mental health disorders or problems in adolescents

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aebi, Marcel; Kuhn, Christine; Banaschewski, Tobias

    2017-01-01

    were used to predict any problems/disorders, emotional problems/disorders and behavioural problems/disorders in a community sample (n = 252) and in a clinic sample (n = 95). RESULTS: The findings were strikingly similar in both samples. Parent and youth SDQ scales were related to any problem/disorder......BACKGROUND: Discrepancies between multiple informants often create considerable uncertainties in delivering services to youth. The present study assessed the ability of the parent and youth scales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to predict mental health problems/disorders....... Youth SDQ symptom and impact had the strongest association with emotional problems/disorder and parent SDQ symptom score were most strongly related to behavioural problems/disorders. Both the SDQ total and the impact scores significantly predicted emotional problems/disorders in males whereas...

  3. A novel HPV 16 L1-based chimeric virus-like particle containing E6 and E7 seroreactive epitopes permits highly specific detection of antibodies in patients with CIN 1 and HPV-16 infection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The presence of IgG antibodies to HPV-16 L1-virus like particles (VLPs in serum has been reported as a result of persistent exposure to the virus and as a marker of disease progression. However, detection of VLP-specific antibodies in sera does not always indicate a malignant lesion as positive results may also be due to a nonmalignant viral infection. Furthermore, malignant lesions are associated with an increased antibody titer for E6 and E7 proteins. The aim of this study was to develop an ELISA using a novel chimeric virus-like particle (cVLP encoding an L1 protein fused with a string of HPV-16 E6 and E7 seroreactive epitopes to its C-terminus to be used for detection of HPV-16 specific antibodies in patients with cervical intraepithelial lesion grade 1 (CIN 1. Results The sera of 30 patients with CIN 1 who also tested positive for HPV-16 DNA and of 30 age-matched normal donors negative for HPV infection were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies specific for either VLP-L1 (HPV-16 L1, gVLP (derived from Gardasil, or cVLP by ELISA. The cVLP-reactive sera yielded two distinct groups of results: (H reactivity levels that presented very strong cVLP-specific titers, and (L reactivity levels with significantly lower titers similar to those obtained with VLP-L1 and gVLP antigens. Additionally, the sera that presented the higher cVLP titers closely matched those that had significantly stronger reactivity to E6 and E7 epitopes. Interestingly, the samples with the highest titers corresponded to patients with the higher numbers of sexual partners and pregnancies. On the other hand only 4 out of the 12 sera that harbored antibodies with VLP neutralizing ability corresponded to the group with high cVLP antibody titers. Conclusion We report for the first time that chimeric particles containing HPV-16 L1 protein fused with E6 and E7 seroreactive epitopes enable much better detection of IgG antibodies in the sera of CIN 1 patients

  4. HPV16/18 genotyping for the triage of HPV positive women in primary cervical cancer screening in Chile.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lagos, Marcela; Van De Wyngard, Vanessa; Poggi, Helena; Cook, Paz; Viviani, Paola; Barriga, María Isabel; Pruyas, Martha; Ferreccio, Catterina

    2015-01-01

    We previously conducted a population-based screening trial of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing and conventional cytology, demonstrating higher sensitivity (92.7 % vs 22.1 % for CIN2+) but lower positive predictive value (10.5 % vs 23.9 %) of hrHPV testing. Here we report the performance of HPV16/18 genotyping to triage the hrHPV positive participants. Women aged 25 years and older received hrHPV (Hybrid Capture 2) and Papanicolaou testing; positives by either test underwent colposcopy and directed biopsy, as did a sample of double-negatives. hrHPV positive women were reflex-tested with HPV16/18 genotyping (Digene HPV Genotyping PS Test). Among the 8,265 participants, 10.7 % were hrHPV positive, 1.7 % had ASCUS+ cytology, 1.2 % had CIN2+; 776 (88 %) hrHPV positive women had complete results, of whom 38.8 % were positive for HPV16 (24.0 %), HPV18 (9.7 %) or both (5.1 %). CIN2+ prevalence in HPV16/18 positive women (16.3 %, 95 % CI 12.3-20.9) was twice that of HPV16/18 negative women (8.0 %, 95 % CI 5.7-10.8). HPV16/18 genotyping identified 40.5 % of CIN2, 66.7 % of CIN3 and 75.0 % of cancers. Compared to hrHPV screening alone, HPV16/18 triage significantly reduced the referral rate (10.7 % vs 3.7 %) and the number of colposcopies required to detect one CIN2+ (9 vs 6). When HPV16/18 negative women with baseline ASCUS+ cytology were also colposcopied, an additional 14 % of CIN2+ was identified; referral increased slightly to 4.2 %. HPV16/18 triage effectively stratified hrHPV positive women by their risk of high-grade lesions. HPV16/18 positive women must be referred immediately; referral could be deferred in HPV16/18 negative women given the slower progression of non-HPV16/18 lesions, however, they will require active follow-up.

  5. Synthesis of 'cineole cassette' monoterpenes in Nicotiana section Alatae: gene isolation, expression, functional characterization and phylogenetic analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fähnrich, Anke; Brosemann, Anne; Teske, Laura; Neumann, Madeleine; Piechulla, Birgit

    2012-08-01

    The scent bouquets of flowers of Nicotiana species, particularly those of section Alatae, are rich in monoterpenes, including 1,8-cineole, limonene, β-myrcene, α- and β-pinene, sabinene, and α-terpineol. New terpene synthase genes were isolated from flowers of Nicotiana bonariensis, N. forgetiana, N. longiflora, and N. mutabilis. The recombinant enzymes synthesize simultaneously the characteristic 'cineole cassette' monoterpenes with 1,8-cineole as the dominant volatile product. Interestingly, amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree construction clustered the newly isolated cineole synthases (CIN) of section Alatae together with the catalytically similar CIN of N. suaveolens of section Suaveolentes, thus suggesting a common ancestor. These CIN genes of N. bonariensis, N. forgetiana, N. longiflora, and N. mutabilis are distinct from the terpineol synthases (TERs) of the taxonomically related N. alata and N. langsdorfii (both Alatae), thus indicating gene diversification of monoterpene synthases in section Alatae. Furthermore, the presence of CINs in species of the American section Alatae supports the hypothesis that one parent of the Australian section Suaveolentes was a member of the present section Alatae. Amino acid sequences of the Nicotiana CINs and TERs were compared to identify relevant amino acids of the cyclization reaction from α-terpineol to 1,8-cineole.

  6. Clinical and pathological heterogeneity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hannah P Yang

    Full Text Available Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3, the immediate cervical cancer precursor, is a target of cervical cancer prevention. However, less than half of CIN3s will progress to cancer. Routine treatment of all CIN3s and the majority of CIN2s may lead to overtreatment of many lesions that would not progress. To improve our understanding of CIN3 natural history, we performed a detailed characterization of CIN3 heterogeneity in a large referral population in the US.We examined 309 CIN3 cases in the SUCCEED, a large population-based study of women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results. Histology information for 12 individual loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP segments was evaluated for each woman. We performed case-case comparisons of CIN3s to analyze determinants of heterogeneity and screening test performance.CIN3 cases varied substantially by size (1-10 LEEP segments and by presentation with concomitant CIN2 and CIN1. All grades of CINs were equally distributed over the cervical surface. In half of the women, CIN3 lesions were found as multiple distinct lesions on the cervix. Women with large and solitary CIN3 lesions were more likely to be older, have longer sexual activity span, and have fewer multiple high risk HPV infections. Screening frequency, but not HPV16 positivity, was an important predictor of CIN3 size. Large CIN3 lesions were also characterized by high-grade clinical test results.We demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in clinical and pathological presentation of CIN3 in a US population. Time since sexual debut and participation in screening were predictors of CIN3 size. We did not observe a preferential site of CIN3 on the cervical surface that could serve as a target for cervical biopsy. Cervical cancer screening procedures were more likely to detect larger CIN3s, suggesting that CIN3s detected by multiple independent diagnostic tests may represent cases with increased risk of invasion.

  7. Estudio de las relaciones entre parámetros estructurales de sistemas porosos desordenados y la difusividad efectiva mediante Monte Carlo Cinético

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Ramírez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio del efecto de la porosidad y el tamaño de poro sobre las propiedades de transporte de hidrógeno en un medio poroso desordenado, utilizando Monte Carlo Cinético. Se corroboró la aleatoriedad de los poros en el medio, inscrito dentro de un retículo cúbico simple, calculando el umbral de percolación a partir del parámetro de orden. En cuanto al transporte de masa, los resultados sugieren que el tamaño del poro, variado entre 1 y 5 nm, sólo afecta a la difusividad efectiva si los valores de porosidad se encuentran cerca al umbral de percolación, y que dicha difusividad es prácticamente independiente de la concentración de las moléculas de H2. La simulación permitió caracterizar el comportamiento difusional anómalo en función de la porosidad, siendo este consecuente con el reportado previamente para retículos bidimensionales.

  8. Evaluating the effectiveness of a training program that builds teachers' capability to identify and appropriately refer middle and high school students with mental health problems in Brazil: an exploratory study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vieira, Marlene A; Gadelha, Ary A; Moriyama, Taís S; Bressan, Rodrigo A; Bordin, Isabel A

    2014-02-28

    In Brazil, like many countries, there has been a failure to identify mental health problems (MHP) in young people and refer them to appropriate care and support. The school environment provides an ideal setting to do this. Therefore, effective programs need to be developed to train teachers to identify and appropriately refer children with possible MHP. We aimed to evaluate teachers' ability to identify and appropriately refer students with possible MHP, and the effectiveness of a psychoeducational strategy to build teachers' capability in this area. To meet the first objective, we conducted a case-control study using a student sample. To meet the second, we employed longitudinal design with repeated measures before and after introducing the psychoeducational strategy using a teacher sample. In the case control study, the Youth Self-Report was used to investigate internalizing and externalizing problems. Before training, teachers selected 26 students who they thought were likely to have MHP. Twenty-six non-selected students acted as controls and were matched by gender, age and grade. The underlying principle was that if teachers could identify abnormal behaviors among their actual students, those with some MHP would likely be among the case group and those without among the control group. In the longitudinal study, 32 teachers were asked to evaluate six vignettes that highlighted behaviors indicating a high risk for psychosis, depression, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, mania, and normal adolescent behavior. We calculated the rates of correct answers for identifying the existence of some MHP and the need for referral before and after training; teachers were not asked to identify the individual conditions. Teachers were already able to identify the most symptomatic students, who had both internalizing and externalizing problems, as possibly having MHP, but teachers had difficulty in identifying students with internalizing problems alone. At least 50.0% of teachers

  9. Generagency and problem gaming as stigma

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brus, Anne

    2018-01-01

    Using the concept generagency and stigma, the article identifies problem gaming as a part of the generational conflict......Using the concept generagency and stigma, the article identifies problem gaming as a part of the generational conflict...

  10. Problem-solving tools for analyzing system problems. The affinity map and the relationship diagram.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lepley, C J

    1998-12-01

    The author describes how to use two management tools, an affinity map and a relationship diagram, to define and analyze aspects of a complex problem in a system. The affinity map identifies the key influencing elements of the problem, whereas the relationship diagram helps to identify the area that is the most important element of the issue. Managers can use the tools to draw a map of problem drivers, graphically display the drivers in a diagram, and use the diagram to develop a cause-and-effect relationship.

  11. Colposcopic triage methods for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 after cytopathological diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: a systematic review on diagnostic tests

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia de Miranda Corrêa

    Full Text Available CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The age-stratified performance of the oncogenic HPV-DNA (human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid test for triage of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL requires investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the age-stratified performance (cutoff point: 35 years of oncogenic HPV-DNA testing and repeated cytological tests, for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3, in order to triage for LSIL. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review. Studies were identified in nine electronic databases and in the reference lists of the articles retrieved. METHODS: The eligibility criteria consisted of initial cytological findings of LSIL; subsequent oncogenic HPV-DNA testing and repeated cytological tests; and CIN3 detection. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS guidelines were used for quality assessment. Qualitative information synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Out of 7,776 studies, 284 were identified as pertinent and three fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The CIN3 prevalence ranged from 6% to 12%. The HPV-DNA positivity rate ranged from 64% to 83%; sensitivity for CIN3 detection ranged from 95.2% to 100%; and specificity was available in two studies (27% and 52%. The sensitivity of repeated cytological tests, in relation to the threshold for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS, was available in two studies (33% and 90.8%; and specificity was available in one study (53%. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there is no scientific evidence available that would prove that colposcopic triage using oncogenic HPV-DNA testing to detect CIN3 performs better than repeated cytological tests, among women with LSIL aged 35 years and over.

  12. Contrast-induced enphropathy in patients undergoing intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography in Korea; A multi-institutional study in 101487 patients

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Joong Yub [Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Jeong Yeon [Dept. of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Yong Yeon [Dept. of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun (Korea, Republic of); and others

    2014-08-15

    To evaluate the prevalence of known risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and their association with the actual occurrence of CIN in patients undergoing intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in Korea. Patients who underwent CECT in 2008 were identified in the electronic medical records of 16 tertiary hospitals of Korea. Data on demographics, comorbidities, prescriptions and laboratory test results of patients were collected following a standard data extraction protocol. The baseline renal function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We identified the prevalence of risk factors along the eGFR strata and evaluated their influence on the incidence of CIN, defined as a 0.5 mg/dL or 25% increase in serum creatinine after CECT. Of 432425 CECT examinations in 272136 patients, 140838 examinations in 101487 patients met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 57.9 ± 15.5 years; 25.1% of the patients were older than 70 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 11.9%, of hypertension 13.7%, of gout 0.55% and of heart failure was 1.7%. Preventive measures were used in 40238 CECT examinations (28.6%). The prevalence of risk factors and use of preventive measures increased as the renal function became worse. A CIN was occurred after 3103 (2.2%) CECT examinations, revealing a significant association with decreased eGFR, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure after adjustment. Risk factors for CIN are prevalent among the patients undergoing CECT. Preventive measures were seemingly underutilized and a system is needed to improve preventive care.

  13. Common Group Problems: A Field Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weinberg, Sanford B.; And Others

    1981-01-01

    A field study of a naturally functioning group (N=125) was conducted to identify common group problems. Trained observers attended group meetings and described the problems encountered. Difficulties of cohesion, leadership, sub-group formation, and personality conflict were identified. (RC)

  14. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in HIV-infected and uninfected patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sithembile Ngidi

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Background. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN can result in poor tolerance of chemotherapy, leading to dose reductions, delays in therapy schedules, morbidity and mortality. Actively identifying predisposing risk factors before treatment is of paramount importance. We hypothesised that chemotherapy is associated with a greater increase in CIN and its complications in HIV-infected patients than in those who are not infected. Objective. To establish the incidence of CIN in HIV-infected and uninfected patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods. A retrospective chart review and analysis was conducted in the oncology departments at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and Addington Hospital, Durban, South Africa. The study population consisted of 65 previously untreated women of all ages with stage II - IV breast cancer and known HIV status treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2012 to December 2015. Results. HIV-infected patients formed 32.3% of the group, and 95.2% of them were on antiretroviral therapy. The mean age (standard deviation (SD of the cohort was 48.5 (13.2 years (40.6 (9.6 years for the HIV-infected group v. 52.0 (13.1 years for the uninfected group; p<0.001. Ninety-five neutropenia episodes were observed (rate 0.85 per 1 year of follow-up time. Following multivariate adjustment, patients with HIV infection were almost two times more likely to develop CIN (hazard ratio (HR 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.06 - 2.92; p=0.029. A high baseline absolute neutrophil count (ANC (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 - 0.95; p=0.005 remained significantly associated with protection against CIN. Conclusions. HIV-infected patients were younger than those who were not infected, and presented at a more locally advanced stage of disease. HIV infection was an independent predictor for CIN. HIV-infected patients had an almost two-fold increased risk of developing CIN and developed neutropenia at a much faster rate. A high baseline white cell

  15. Optimization of heterologous DNA-prime, protein boost regimens and site of vaccination to enhance therapeutic immunity against human papillomavirus-associated disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Shiwen; Qiu, Jin; Yang, Andrew; Yang, Benjamin; Jeang, Jessica; Wang, Joshua W; Chang, Yung-Nien; Brayton, Cory; Roden, Richard B S; Hung, Chien-Fu; Wu, T-C

    2016-01-01

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the primary etiologic factor of cervical cancer as well as subsets of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The two HPV viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are uniquely and consistently expressed in all HPV infected cells and are therefore promising targets for therapeutic vaccination. Both recombinant naked DNA and protein-based HPV vaccines have been demonstrated to elicit HPV-specific CD8+ T cell responses that provide therapeutic effects against HPV-associated tumor models. Here we examine the immunogenicity in a preclinical model of priming with HPV DNA vaccine followed by boosting with filterable aggregates of HPV 16 L2E6E7 fusion protein (TA-CIN). We observed that priming twice with an HPV DNA vaccine followed by a single TA-CIN booster immunization generated the strongest antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response compared to other prime-boost combinations tested in C57BL/6 mice, whether naïve or bearing the HPV16 E6/E7 transformed syngeneic tumor model, TC-1. We showed that the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response generated by the DNA vaccine prime, TA-CIN protein vaccine boost combinatorial strategy is dependent on the dose of TA-CIN protein vaccine. In addition, we found that a single booster immunization comprising intradermal or intramuscular administration of TA-CIN after priming twice with an HPV DNA vaccine generated a comparable boost to E7-specific CD8+ T cell responses. We also demonstrated that the immune responses elicited by the DNA vaccine prime, TA-CIN protein vaccine boost strategy translate into potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects. Finally, as seen for repeat TA-CIN protein vaccination, we showed that the heterologous DNA prime and protein boost vaccination strategy is well tolerated by mice. Our results provide rationale for future clinical testing of HPV DNA vaccine prime, TA-CIN protein vaccine boost immunization regimen for the control of HPV-associated diseases.

  16. Hierarchical clustering of HPV genotype patterns in the ASCUS-LSIL triage study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wentzensen, Nicolas; Wilson, Lauren E.; Wheeler, Cosette M.; Carreon, Joseph D.; Gravitt, Patti E.; Schiffman, Mark; Castle, Philip E.

    2010-01-01

    Anogenital cancers are associated with about 13 carcinogenic HPV types in a broader group that cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Multiple concurrent cervical HPV infections are common which complicate the attribution of HPV types to different grades of CIN. Here we report the analysis of HPV genotype patterns in the ASCUS-LSIL triage study using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Women who underwent colposcopy at baseline (n = 2780) were grouped into 20 disease categories based on histology and cytology. Disease groups and HPV genotypes were clustered using complete linkage. Risk of 2-year cumulative CIN3+, viral load, colposcopic impression, and age were compared between disease groups and major clusters. Hierarchical clustering yielded four major disease clusters: Cluster 1 included all CIN3 histology with abnormal cytology; Cluster 2 included CIN3 histology with normal cytology and combinations with either CIN2 or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology; Cluster 3 included older women with normal or low grade histology/cytology and low viral load; Cluster 4 included younger women with low grade histology/cytology, multiple infections, and the highest viral load. Three major groups of HPV genotypes were identified: Group 1 included only HPV16; Group 2 included nine carcinogenic types plus non-carcinogenic HPV53 and HPV66; and Group 3 included non-carcinogenic types plus carcinogenic HPV33 and HPV45. Clustering results suggested that colposcopy missed a prevalent precancer in many women with no biopsy/normal histology and HSIL. This result was confirmed by an elevated 2-year risk of CIN3+ in these groups. Our novel approach to study multiple genotype infections in cervical disease using unsupervised hierarchical clustering can address complex genotype distributions on a population level. PMID:20959485

  17. Genomic instability and radiation risk in molecular pathways to colon cancer.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jan Christian Kaiser

    Full Text Available Colon cancer is caused by multiple genomic alterations which lead to genomic instability (GI. GI appears in molecular pathways of microsatellite instability (MSI and chromosomal instability (CIN with clinically observed case shares of about 15-20% and 80-85%. Radiation enhances the colon cancer risk by inducing GI, but little is known about different outcomes for MSI and CIN. Computer-based modelling can facilitate the understanding of the phenomena named above. Comprehensive biological models, which combine the two main molecular pathways to colon cancer, are fitted to incidence data of Japanese a-bomb survivors. The preferred model is selected according to statistical criteria and biological plausibility. Imprints of cell-based processes in the succession from adenoma to carcinoma are identified by the model from age dependences and secular trends of the incidence data. Model parameters show remarkable compliance with mutation rates and growth rates for adenoma, which has been reported over the last fifteen years. Model results suggest that CIN begins during fission of intestinal crypts. Chromosomal aberrations are generated at a markedly elevated rate which favors the accelerated growth of premalignant adenoma. Possibly driven by a trend of Westernization in the Japanese diet, incidence rates for the CIN pathway increased notably in subsequent birth cohorts, whereas rates pertaining to MSI remained constant. An imbalance between number of CIN and MSI cases began to emerge in the 1980s, whereas in previous decades the number of cases was almost equal. The CIN pathway exhibits a strong radio-sensitivity, probably more intensive in men. Among young birth cohorts of both sexes the excess absolute radiation risk related to CIN is larger by an order of magnitude compared to the MSI-related risk. Observance of pathway-specific risks improves the determination of the probability of causation for radiation-induced colon cancer in individual patients

  18. Differentially expressed proteins among normal cervix, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Q; He, Y; Wang, X-L; Zhang, Y-X; Wu, Y-M

    2015-08-01

    To explore the differentially expressed proteins in normal cervix, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues by differential proteomics technique. Cervical tissues (including normal cervix, CIN and CSCC) were collected in Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and DeCyder software were used to detect the differentially expressed proteins. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to validate the expressions of selected proteins among normal cervix, CIN and CSCC. 2-D DIGE images with high resolution and good repeatability were obtained. Forty-six differentially expressed proteins (27 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated) were differentially expressed among the normal cervix, CIN and CSCC. 26 proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. S100A9 (S100 calcium-binding protein A9) was the most significantly up-regulated protein. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1-alpha-1 (eEF1A1) was the most significantly down-regulated protein. Pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2) was both up-regulated and down-regulated. The results of WB showed that with the increase in the severity of cervical lesions, the expression of S100A9 protein was significantly increased among the three groups (P = 0.010). The expression of eEF1A1 was reduced but without significant difference (P = 0.861). The expression of PKM2 was significantly reduced (P = 0.000). IHC showed that protein S100A9 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, and its positive expression rate was 20.0 % in normal cervix, 70.0 % in CIN and 100.0 % in CSCC, with a significant difference among them (P = 0.006). eEF1A1 was mainly expressed in the cell plasma, and its

  19. IE Information No. 86-71: Recent identified problems with Limitorque motor operators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jordan, E.L.

    1992-01-01

    This notice is provided to alert recipients of two potential problems discovered with Limitorque motor operators. On November 8, 1985 Georgia Power Company submitted a preliminary report to the NRC indicating that it had discovered burn damage to internal wiring in several Limitorque motor operators installed in their Vogtle Unit 1 Power Plant. On March 20, 1986 Georgia Power Company submitted a final report to the NRC which suggested that the burn damage was a generic problem applicable to all Limitorque motor operators. This assumption was based on a sampling inspection of 104 Limitorque motor operators installed in Vogtle Unit 1. Forty-six of the motor operators examined were Limitorque type SMB-000, and six of these were found to have burnt internal wiring. Out of the 58 operators other than type SMB-000 which were inspected, 5 were found to contain wires deemed susceptible to damage because of their close proximity to the heater elements (less than 1/2 inch). Several licensees have submitted reports to the NRC concerning a problem with cracked limit switch rotors on Limitorque motor operators installed inside and outside of containment. The limit switches are used for control of the motor operator and also provide indication of valve position in the control room. The cracks have been found on white melamine limit switch rotors. Most of these cracks were found in the area where the limit switch rotors are pinned to the pinion shafts. Some cracks have been found to extend halfway through the melamine rotors, weakening them to the extent that they are easily broken

  20. Problem specific heuristics for group scheduling problems in cellular manufacturing

    OpenAIRE

    Neufeld, Janis Sebastian

    2016-01-01

    The group scheduling problem commonly arises in cellular manufacturing systems, where parts are grouped into part families. It is characterized by a sequencing task on two levels: on the one hand, a sequence of jobs within each part family has to be identified while, on the other hand, a family sequence has to be determined. In order to solve this NP-hard problem usually heuristic solution approaches are used. In this thesis different aspects of group scheduling are discussed and problem spec...

  1. Common variants in immune and DNA repair genes and risk for human papillomavirus persistence and progression to cervical cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Sophia S; Bratti, M Concepcion; Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia; Herrero, Rolando; Burk, Robert D; Porras, Carolina; González, Paula; Sherman, Mark E; Wacholder, Sholom; Lan, Z Elizabeth; Schiffman, Mark; Chanock, Stephen J; Hildesheim, Allan

    2009-01-01

    We examined host genetic factors to identify those more common in individuals whose human papillomavirus (HPV) infections were most likely to persist and progress to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and cancer. We genotyped 92 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 49 candidate immune response and DNA repair genes obtained from 469 women with CIN3 or cancer, 390 women with persistent HPV infections (median duration, 25 months), and 452 random control subjects from the 10,049-woman Guanacaste Costa Rica Natural History Study. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of SNP and haplotypes in women with CIN3 or cancer and HPV persistence, compared with random control subjects. A SNP in the Fanconi anemia complementation group A gene (FANCA) (G501S) was associated with increased risk of CIN3 or cancer. The AG and GG genotypes had a 1.3-fold (95% CI, 0.95-1.8-fold) and 1.7-fold (95% CI, 1.1-2.6-fold) increased risk for CIN3 or cancer, respectively (P(trend) = .008; referent, AA). The FANCA haplotype that included G501S also conferred increased risk of CIN3 or cancer, as did a different haplotype that included 2 other FANCA SNPs (G809A and T266A). A SNP in the innate immune gene IRF3 (S427T) was associated with increased risk for HPV persistence (P(trend) = .009). Our results require replication but support the role of FANCA variants in cervical cancer susceptibility and of IRF3 in HPV persistence.

  2. Problem of identifying an object in a robotics scene from an imprecise verbal description

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farreny, H; Prade, H

    1983-01-01

    The authors investigate the problem of relating imprecise and incomplete verbal descriptions to noisy high-level features supplied by an image analyzer. Pattern-matching problems are specially addressed. The proposed approach allows the direct processing of human-like descriptions. Moreover, the imprecision due to the use of natural language expressions or to the noisiness of the image analyzer, is taken into account. 26 references.

  3. Using cluster analysis to identify patterns in students’ responses to contextually different conceptual problems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Stewart

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available This study examined the evolution of student responses to seven contextually different versions of two Force Concept Inventory questions in an introductory physics course at the University of Arkansas. The consistency in answering the closely related questions evolved little over the seven-question exam. A model for the state of student knowledge involving the probability of selecting one of the multiple-choice answers was developed. Criteria for using clustering algorithms to extract model parameters were explored and it was found that the overlap between the probability distributions of the model vectors was an important parameter in characterizing the cluster models. The course data were then clustered and the extracted model showed that students largely fit into two groups both pre- and postinstruction: one that answered all questions correctly with high probability and one that selected the distracter representing the same misconception with high probability. For the course studied, 14% of the students were left with persistent misconceptions post instruction on a static force problem and 30% on a dynamic Newton’s third law problem. These students selected the answer representing the predominant misconception slightly more consistently postinstruction, indicating that the course studied had been ineffective at moving this subgroup of students nearer a Newtonian force concept and had instead moved them slightly farther away from a correct conceptual understanding of these two problems. The consistency in answering pairs of problems with varied physical contexts is shown to be an important supplementary statistic to the score on the problems and suggests that the inclusion of such problem pairs in future conceptual inventories would be efficacious. Multiple, contextually varied questions further probe the structure of students’ knowledge. To allow working instructors to make use of the additional insight gained from cluster analysis, it

  4. Using Problem-Based Learning in Accounting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hansen, James D.

    2006-01-01

    In this article, the author describes the process of writing a problem-based learning (PBL) problem and shows how a typical end-of-chapter accounting problem can be converted to a PBL problem. PBL uses complex, real-world problems to motivate students to identify and research the concepts and principles they need to know to solve these problems.…

  5. EVALUATION OF P16INK4A PROTEIN AS A BIOMARKER FOR CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Biljana Đorđević

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The association of human papilloma virus (HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN is well known. Interaction of HPV proteins with cellular regulatory proteins leads to up regulation of p16INK4A. The aim of this study was to evaluate p16INK4A protein as a biomarker for CIN lesions and squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy specimens of patients who underwent biopsy of the uterine cervix due to abnormal cytological finding.The authors analyzed biopsies from 50 patients with CIN and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Expression of p16INK4A in CIN and invasive squamous cell carcinoma was immunohistochemically analyzed by using monoclonal anti-p16INK4A antibody.A total of 50 patients with CIN and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (mean age 40.2±11.5 years, range 20-74 years were analyzed. CIN I lesions were found in 27 (54%, CIN II/CIN III lesions in 9 (18%, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 14 (28% patients. Differences in the expression of p16INK4A between CIN I, CIN II/CIN III and squamous cell carcinoma were statistically significant (p<0.0001. Expression of p16INK4A showed low sensitivity (7%, specificity (8%, positive predictive value (8%, and negative predictive value (7% for CIN I. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of p16INK4A were 78%, 61%, 30%, and 93% for CIN II/CIN III, and 100%, 75%, 61%, and 100% for squamous cell carcinoma, respectively.Results of this study suggest that p16INK4A protein may be a sensitive biomarker for CIN II/CIN III lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

  6. Deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens) e influencia de la temperatura y concentración de la solución sobre la cinética de transferencia de materia

    OpenAIRE

    Vega-Gálvez,Antonio; Palacios,Marlene; Boglio,Francisca; Pássaro,Catarina; Jeréz,Catalina; Lemus-Mondaca,Roberto

    2007-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la cinética de deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens), utilizando dos variables experimentales: la temperatura (30, 40, 50 °C) y concentración (40, 50 y 60%) de la solución osmótica. Se determinó la variación de masa total, masa de agua y masa de sólidos solubles y se modeló con las ecuaciones difusionales, además en esta investigación se consideró y utilizó una modificación de la ecuación propuesta por Biswal-Bozorgmehr....

  7. The Cannabis Infringement Notice scheme in Western Australia: a review of policy, police and judicial perspectives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sutton, Adam; Hawks, David

    2005-07-01

    Western Australia (WA) became the fourth Australian jurisdiction to adopt a 'prohibition with civil penalties scheme' for minor cannabis offences when its Cannabis Infringement Notice (CIN) scheme became law on 22 March 2004. This study examined the attitudes and practices of policy makers, members of the law enforcement and magistracy and other judicial sectors involved in enforcing the new scheme, and their views as to its likely impact on the drug market. As part of the pre--post evaluation of the legislative reforms a sample of 30 police, other criminal justice personnel and policy makers have been qualitatively interviewed. Data were collected both at the pre-implementation stage (March and June 2003) and shortly after the Act became operational (mid-June 2004). The Western Australia Police Service's implementation of the CIN scheme has been extremely professional. However, these early results suggest that while the CIN scheme has been designed to take into account problems with similar schemes elsewhere in Australia, possible problems include: some operational police being unsure about the operation of the scheme; expected savings in police resources will probably be reduced by procedures which require offenders to be taken back to the station rather than issue notices on the spot as intended by the scheme's architects; probable net widening; problems with exercise of police discretion to issue a CIN; and public misunderstanding of the scheme. In the early months of the scheme understanding of the new laws among both police and members of the public was far from perfect. For the system to achieve the outcomes intended by legislators, it is essential that levels of understanding improve. Media and other campaigns to inform the public that cannabis cultivation and use remain illegal, and to warn about risks associated with cannabis use, should be extended. As it will be at least 18 months before the scheme is operationally settled in, the media and others

  8. A Diagnostic Taxonomy of Adult Career Problems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campbell, Robert E.; Cellini, James V.

    1981-01-01

    Developed a taxonomy for the differential diagnosis of adult career development problems. Problem categories identified were: (1) problems in career decision making; (2) problems in implementing career plans; (3) problems in organizational/institutional performance; and (4) problems in organizational/institutional adaption. (Author)

  9. Development of a problem solving evaluation instrument; untangling of specific problem solving assets

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adams, Wendy Kristine

    The purpose of my research was to produce a problem solving evaluation tool for physics. To do this it was necessary to gain a thorough understanding of how students solve problems. Although physics educators highly value problem solving and have put extensive effort into understanding successful problem solving, there is currently no efficient way to evaluate problem solving skill. Attempts have been made in the past; however, knowledge of the principles required to solve the subject problem are so absolutely critical that they completely overshadow any other skills students may use when solving a problem. The work presented here is unique because the evaluation tool removes the requirement that the student already have a grasp of physics concepts. It is also unique because I picked a wide range of people and picked a wide range of tasks for evaluation. This is an important design feature that helps make things emerge more clearly. This dissertation includes an extensive literature review of problem solving in physics, math, education and cognitive science as well as descriptions of studies involving student use of interactive computer simulations, the design and validation of a beliefs about physics survey and finally the design of the problem solving evaluation tool. I have successfully developed and validated a problem solving evaluation tool that identifies 44 separate assets (skills) necessary for solving problems. Rigorous validation studies, including work with an independent interviewer, show these assets identified by this content-free evaluation tool are the same assets that students use to solve problems in mechanics and quantum mechanics. Understanding this set of component assets will help teachers and researchers address problem solving within the classroom.

  10. Electronic problem lists: a thematic analysis of a systematic literature review to identify aspects critical to success.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hodge, Chad M; Narus, Scott P

    2018-05-01

    Problem list data is a driving force for many beneficial clinical tools, yet these data remain underutilized. We performed a systematic literature review, pulling insights from previous research, aggregating insights into themes, and distilling themes into actionable advice. We sought to learn what changes we could make to existing applications, to the clinical workflow, and to clinicians' perceptions that would improve problem list utilization and increase the prevalence of problems data in the electronic medical record. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to systematically curate a corpus of pertinent articles. We performed a thematic analysis, looking for interesting excerpts and ideas. By aggregating excerpts from many authors, we gained broader, more inclusive insights into what makes a good problem list and what factors are conducive to its success. Analysis led to a list of 7 benefits of using the problem list, 15 aspects critical to problem list success, and knowledge to help inform policy development, such as consensus on what belongs on the problem list, who should maintain the problem list, and when. A list of suggestions is made on ways in which the problem list can be improved to increase utilization by clinicians. There is also a need for standard measurements of the problem list, so that lists can be measured, compared, and discussed with rigor and a common vocabulary.

  11. Problem children or harassed childhood?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Warming, Hanne

    instition as stressed andnoisy, and thus it is the children they try to change (re-socialize) to solve the problems. The paper concludes that the discoruses tend to individualize structural problems with the result that a large group of children are identified as problem children rather than given better...

  12. Solving complex fisheries management problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Petter Johnsen, Jahn; Eliasen, Søren Qvist

    2011-01-01

    A crucial issue for the new EU common fisheries policy is how to solve the discard problem. Through a study of the institutional set up and the arrangements for solving the discard problem in Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Norway, the article identifies the discard problem as related...

  13. Contrast media induced nephropathy: a literature review of the available evidence and recommendations for practice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deek, Hiba; Newton, Phillip; Sheerin, Noella; Noureddine, Samar; Davidson, Patricia M

    2014-11-01

    Contrast media induced nephropathy (CIN) is a sudden compromise of renal function 24-48 h after administering contrast medium during a CT scan or angiography. CIN accounts for 10% of hospital acquired renal failure and is ranked the third cause of acquiring this condition. Identifying patients at risk through proper screening can reduce the occurrence of this condition. This review paper aims to critique current evidence, provide a better understanding of CIN, inform nursing practice and make recommendations for bedside nurses and future research. An integrative review of the literature was made using the key terms: "contrast media", "nephritis", "nephropathy", "contrast media induced nephropathy scores", "acute kidney failure", "acute renal failure" and "acute kidney injury". MeSH key terms used in some databases were: "prevention and control", "acute kidney failure" and "treatment". Databases searched included Medline, CINAHL and Academic Search Complete, and references of relevant articles were also assessed. The search included all articles between the years 2000 and 2013. Sixty-seven articles were obtained as a result of the search, including RCTs, systematic reviews, and retrospective studies. Contrast media induced nephropathy is an iatrogenic complication occurring secondary to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. At times it is unavoidable but a systematic method of risk assessment should be adopted to identify high risk patients for tailored and targeted approaches to management interventions. As the use of contrast media is increasing for diagnostic purposes, it is important that nurses be aware of the risk factors for CIN, identify and monitor high risk patients to prevent deterioration in renal function when possible. Copyright © 2014 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Entre l’immersion dans l’image cinématographique et l’immersion totale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcin Sobieszczanski

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Le cinéma organise autour de ses contraintes techniques, relatives à la prise de vue et à l’architecture des salles de projection, une écriture narrative capable de produire un effet à la fois de réel et de fiction, effet qui aspire le spectateur dans un état de suspension et d’abolition de toutes contraintes spatiotemporelles. Mais le genre filmique s’épuise, depuis ses premiers balbutiements et jusqu’à son apogée, entre 1895 et la fin des années 70, évoluant vers une « naturalisation » de l’espace d’acquisition et de visionnement de l’œuvre vidéo-filmique. Les projections splitscreen et multiscreen, et l’écriture scénaristique consécutive à ces techniques, présentent, depuis la fin des années 90, une étape intermédiaire de cette évolution, qui dans un proche avenir, avec différentes déclinaisons et applications de la 3D, s’achemine, en suivant d’ailleurs une tendance anthropologique, vers l’immersion complète ou partielle dans l’image, offrant de surcroit, de nouvelles possibilités d’interaction spectatorielle. Prépare-t-on alors une nouvelle technique narrative ?The cinema organizes around its technical constraints, relative to the recording and to the architecture of projection rooms, a narrative writing capable of producing simultaneousely an effect of both reality and fiction, an effect which puts the spectator in a state of suspension and abolition of all spatiotemporal constraints. But at the same time the cinematic genre has exhausted itself since its beginnings and until its apogee, between 1895 and the end of the 70s, evolving towards a "naturalization" of the space of acquisition and viewing of the video-cinematic work. The projections splitscreen and multiscreen, and the script writing consecutive to these techniques, present, since the end of the 90s, an intermediate stage of this evolution, which will move in the near future, with various declinations and applications of the

  15. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the Dissolution of Quartz-Kaolinite Mixtures by Alkalis Aspects thermodynamiques et cinétiques de la dissolution des mélanges quartz-kaolinite par les alcalis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Labrid J.

    2006-11-01

    de réduire la tension interfaciale entre l'eau et l'huile brute, grâce à la formation in situ de tensio-actifs résultant de la réaction de l'additif alcalin avec certains constituants de l'huile. La technique s'est depuis largement améliorée avec l'emploi des alcalins en combinaison avec d'autres additifs chimiques tels que les polymères et les tensio-actifs. Dans tous les cas, un point critique réside dans le transport de l'agent alcalin du puits d'injection au puits de production. Divers processus contribuent en effet à réduire la quantité d'additif réellement disponible. Parmi ceux-ci, figure la consommation de l'alcali par dissolution de certains minéraux de la roche réservoir. Ce problème est abordé en étudiant tout d'abord les conditions de dissolution d'un sable supposé représenter la matrice quartzeuse d'une roche gréseuse naturelle. Nous avons adopté un schéma cinétique fondé sur l'adsorption d'acide silicique à la surface du quartz : l'étape déterminante de la dissolution est l'expulsion d'un motif silicique du réseau cristallin, l'acide silicique adsorbé bloquant la dissolution. La concentration en silicium solubilisé au cours du temps est calculée à l'aide d'un modèle numérique qui utilise les paramètres cinétiques déterminés de manière expérimentale. Il est connu que l'adsorption d'aluminium à la surface du quartz réduit de manière considérable sa dissolution. Dans une roche gréseuse, l'aluminium provient de la dissolution des argiles et des feldspaths. Les essais de dissolution effectués avec des solutions alcalines contenant de l'aluminium ont montré que celui-ci s'adsorbait à la surface solide et réduisait ainsi les vitesses initiale et courante de dissolution. Ces essais ont aussi permis de mettre en évidence la formation et la précipitation, au cours de la dissolution, d'un aluminosilicate : l'analcime AISi2O6Na. H2O. Son produit de solubilité a pu être déterminé par analyse des effluents. L

  16. Cinética de separación de Cu (II por técnicas de flotación iónica, en celdas con dispersores flexibles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reyes, M.

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available This research studies and experimentally determines the kinetic parameters and effect of modifying the hydrodynamics and chemical conditions of the air-liquid dispersions during the Cu (II extraction by ion flotation techniques in cells with porous spargers. Results show that the elimination of Cu (II from solution can be carried out by ion flotation in one stage, obtaining efficiencies of 68% and 56% for the flat and cylindrical sparger respectively with a xanthate concentration of 0,02 g/l. In multistage systems five cells, recoveries over 92 % were achieved for both sparger geometries. The behavior of the flotation apparent kinetic constant is linear to the parameters that characterize dispersion (Jg, eg y Db, until a point is achieved where the process instability makes the system inoperable. The results show that removing base metal ions by ion flotation is strongly affected by the following factors: collector concentration [C], Jg, eg, Db, Jl and Sb.

    Este estudio investiga y determina experimentalmente los parámetros cinéticos y el efecto de la modificación de las condiciones químicas e hidrodinámicas de las dispersiones aire-líquido, durante la separación de Cu (II mediante técnicas de flotación iónica en celdas con dispersores porosos. Los resultados muestran que la eliminación de Cu (II de la solución se puede llevar acabo por flotación iónica en una etapa, con 68 y 56 % de recuperación y una concentración de xantato de 0,02 g/l, para los difusores de burbujas cilíndrico y plano, respectivamente. En sistemas multi etapas cinco celdas, se lograron recuperaciones superiores al 92 % para ambas geometrías de dispersión. La constante cinética de flotación aparente mantiene un comportamiento lineal con los parámetros que caracterizan una dispersión (Jg, eg y Db, hasta un punto donde la inestabilidad del proceso vuelve inoperable el sistema. Los resultados muestran que la remoción de iones

  17. Determinação de parâmetros cinéticos da inativação térmica de Escherichia coli em lodo de esgoto Determining kinetic parameters for thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli in sewage sludge

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Odinei Fogolari

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou determinar parâmetros cinéticos da inativação térmica de Escherichia coli em lodo de esgoto. Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratório pelo método do frasco de três bocas nas temperaturas de 45, 50, 55, 60 e 65ºC. Os resultados indicaram que a cinética de inativação térmica deste microrganismo pode ser descrita por um modelo de primeira ordem. A resistência da bactéria é reduzida consideravelmente em temperaturas acima de 55ºC. A energia de inativação encontrada foi 2,48x10(5 J.mol-1. O tempo de redução decimal D55ºC foi de 3,61 minutos e o coeficiente térmico z foi 8,3ºC.The present study aimed to determine the kinetic parameters of thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli in sewage sludge. The tests were performed in the laboratory using the three-neck flask method at temperatures of 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65ºC. The results indicated that the thermal inactivation kinetic of this microorganism can be described by a first order model. The resistance of bacteria is greatly reduced at temperatures above 55ºC. The inactivation energy was found 2.48x10(5 J.mol-1. The decimal reduction time D55ºC was 3.61 minutes and the thermal coefficient z was 8.3ºC.

  18. Natural history of progression of HPV infection to cervical lesion or clearance: analysis of the control arm of the large, randomised PATRICIA study.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Unnop Jaisamrarn

    Full Text Available The control arm of PATRICIA (PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults, NCT00122681 was used to investigate the risk of progression from cervical HPV infection to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN or clearance of infection, and associated determinants.Women aged 15-25 years were enrolled. A 6-month persistent HPV infection (6MPI was defined as detection of the same HPV type at two consecutive evaluations over 6 months and clearance as ≥2 type-specific HPV negative samples taken at two consecutive intervals of approximately 6 months following a positive sample. The primary endpoint was CIN grade 2 or greater (CIN2+ associated with the same HPV type as a 6MPI. Secondary endpoints were CIN1+/CIN3+ associated with the same HPV type as a 6MPI; CIN1+/CIN2+/CIN3+ associated with an infection of any duration; and clearance of infection. The analyses included 4825 women with 16,785 infections (3363 women with 6902 6MPIs. Risk of developing a CIN1+/CIN2+/CIN3+ associated with same HPV type as a 6MPI varied with HPV type and was significantly higher for oncogenic versus non-oncogenic types. Hazard ratios for development of CIN2+ were 10.44 (95% CI: 6.96-15.65, 9.65 (5.97-15.60, 5.68 (3.50-9.21, 5.38 (2.87-10.06 and 3.87 (2.38-6.30 for HPV-16, HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-45 and HPV-18, respectively. HPV-16 or HPV-33 6MPIs had ~25-fold higher risk for progression to CIN3+. Previous or concomitant HPV infection or CIN1+ associated with a different HPV type increased risk. Of the different oncogenic HPV types, HPV-16 and HPV-31 infections were least likely to clear.Cervical infections with oncogenic HPV types increased the risk of CIN2+ and CIN3+. Previous or concomitant infection or CIN1+ also increased the risk. HPV-16 and HPV-33 have by far the highest risk of progression to CIN3+, and HPV-16 and HPV-31 have the lowest chance of clearance.

  19. Natural history of progression of HPV infection to cervical lesion or clearance: analysis of the control arm of the large, randomised PATRICIA study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jaisamrarn, Unnop; Castellsagué, Xavier; Garland, Suzanne M; Naud, Paulo; Palmroth, Johanna; Del Rosario-Raymundo, Maria Rowena; Wheeler, Cosette M; Salmerón, Jorge; Chow, Song-Nan; Apter, Dan; Teixeira, Julio C; Skinner, S Rachel; Hedrick, James; Szarewski, Anne; Romanowski, Barbara; Aoki, Fred Y; Schwarz, Tino F; Poppe, Willy A J; Bosch, F Xavier; de Carvalho, Newton S; Germar, Maria Julieta; Peters, Klaus; Paavonen, Jorma; Bozonnat, Marie-Cecile; Descamps, Dominique; Struyf, Frank; Dubin, Gary O; Rosillon, Dominique; Baril, Laurence

    2013-01-01

    The control arm of PATRICIA (PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults, NCT00122681) was used to investigate the risk of progression from cervical HPV infection to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or clearance of infection, and associated determinants. Women aged 15-25 years were enrolled. A 6-month persistent HPV infection (6MPI) was defined as detection of the same HPV type at two consecutive evaluations over 6 months and clearance as ≥2 type-specific HPV negative samples taken at two consecutive intervals of approximately 6 months following a positive sample. The primary endpoint was CIN grade 2 or greater (CIN2+) associated with the same HPV type as a 6MPI. Secondary endpoints were CIN1+/CIN3+ associated with the same HPV type as a 6MPI; CIN1+/CIN2+/CIN3+ associated with an infection of any duration; and clearance of infection. The analyses included 4825 women with 16,785 infections (3363 women with 6902 6MPIs). Risk of developing a CIN1+/CIN2+/CIN3+ associated with same HPV type as a 6MPI varied with HPV type and was significantly higher for oncogenic versus non-oncogenic types. Hazard ratios for development of CIN2+ were 10.44 (95% CI: 6.96-15.65), 9.65 (5.97-15.60), 5.68 (3.50-9.21), 5.38 (2.87-10.06) and 3.87 (2.38-6.30) for HPV-16, HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-45 and HPV-18, respectively. HPV-16 or HPV-33 6MPIs had ~25-fold higher risk for progression to CIN3+. Previous or concomitant HPV infection or CIN1+ associated with a different HPV type increased risk. Of the different oncogenic HPV types, HPV-16 and HPV-31 infections were least likely to clear. Cervical infections with oncogenic HPV types increased the risk of CIN2+ and CIN3+. Previous or concomitant infection or CIN1+ also increased the risk. HPV-16 and HPV-33 have by far the highest risk of progression to CIN3+, and HPV-16 and HPV-31 have the lowest chance of clearance.

  20. Human papillomavirus detection in cervical neoplasia attributed to 12 high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes by region.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castellsagué, Xavier; Ault, Kevin A; Bosch, F Xavier; Brown, Darron; Cuzick, Jack; Ferris, Daron G; Joura, Elmar A; Garland, Suzanne M; Giuliano, Anna R; Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio; Huh, Warner; Iversen, Ole-Erik; Kjaer, Susanne K; Luna, Joaquin; Monsonego, Joseph; Muñoz, Nubia; Myers, Evan; Paavonen, Jorma; Pitisuttihum, Punnee; Steben, Marc; Wheeler, Cosette M; Perez, Gonzalo; Saah, Alfred; Luxembourg, Alain; Sings, Heather L; Velicer, Christine

    2016-12-01

    We estimated the proportion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases attributed to 14 HPV types, including quadrivalent (qHPV) (6/11/16/18) and 9-valent (9vHPV) (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine types, by region METHODS: Women ages 15-26 and 24-45 years from 5 regions were enrolled in qHPV vaccine clinical trials. Among 10,706 women (placebo arms), 1539 CIN1, 945 CIN2/3, and 24 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) cases were diagnosed by pathology panel consensus. Predominant HPV types were 16/51/52/56 (anogenital infection), 16/39/51/52/56 (CIN1), and 16/31/52/58 (CIN2/3). In regions with largest sample sizes, minimal regional variation was observed in 9vHPV type prevalence in CIN1 (~50%) and CIN2/3 (81-85%). Types 31/33/45/52/58 accounted for 25-30% of CIN1 in Latin America and Europe, but 14-18% in North America and Asia. Types 31/33/45/52/58 accounted for 33-38% of CIN2/3 in Latin America (younger women), Europe, and Asia, but 17-18% of CIN2/3 in Latin America (older women) and North America. Non-vaccine HPV types 35/39/51/56/59 had similar or higher prevalence than qHPV types in CIN1 and were attributed to 2-11% of CIN2/3. The 9vHPV vaccine could potentially prevent the majority of CIN1-3, irrespective of geographic region. Notwithstanding, non-vaccine types 35/39/51/56/59 may still be responsible for some CIN1, and to a lesser extent CIN2/3. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. APC/C Dysfunction Limits Excessive Cancer Chromosomal Instability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sansregret, Laurent; Patterson, James O; Dewhurst, Sally; López-García, Carlos; Koch, André; McGranahan, Nicholas; Chao, William Chong Hang; Barry, David J; Rowan, Andrew; Instrell, Rachael; Horswell, Stuart; Way, Michael; Howell, Michael; Singleton, Martin R; Medema, René H; Nurse, Paul; Petronczki, Mark; Swanton, Charles

    2017-02-01

    Intercellular heterogeneity, exacerbated by chromosomal instability (CIN), fosters tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. However, extreme CIN correlates with improved cancer outcome, suggesting that karyotypic diversity required to adapt to selection pressures might be balanced in tumors against the risk of excessive instability. Here, we used a functional genomics screen, genome editing, and pharmacologic approaches to identify CIN-survival factors in diploid cells. We find partial anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) dysfunction lengthens mitosis, suppresses pharmacologically induced chromosome segregation errors, and reduces naturally occurring lagging chromosomes in cancer cell lines or following tetraploidization. APC/C impairment caused adaptation to MPS1 inhibitors, revealing a likely resistance mechanism to therapies targeting the spindle assembly checkpoint. Finally, CRISPR-mediated introduction of cancer somatic mutations in the APC/C subunit cancer driver gene CDC27 reduces chromosome segregation errors, whereas reversal of an APC/C subunit nonsense mutation increases CIN. Subtle variations in mitotic duration, determined by APC/C activity, influence the extent of CIN, allowing cancer cells to dynamically optimize fitness during tumor evolution. We report a mechanism whereby cancers balance the evolutionary advantages associated with CIN against the fitness costs caused by excessive genome instability, providing insight into the consequence of CDC27 APC/C subunit driver mutations in cancer. Lengthening of mitosis through APC/C modulation may be a common mechanism of resistance to cancer therapeutics that increase chromosome segregation errors. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 218-33. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Burkard and Weaver, p. 134This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 115. ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

  2. Concordance analysis of methylation biomarkers detection in self-collected and physician-collected samples in cervical neoplasm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang, Cheng-Chang; Huang, Rui-Lan; Liao, Yu-Ping; Su, Po-Hsuan; Hsu, Yaw-Wen; Wang, Hui-Chen; Tien, Chau-Yang; Yu, Mu-Hsien; Lin, Ya-Wen; Lai, Hung-Cheng

    2015-01-01

    Non-attendance at gynecological clinics is a major limitation of cervical cancer screening and self-collection of samples may improve this situation. Although HPV testing of self-collected vaginal samples is acceptable, the specificity is inadequate. The current focus is increasing self-collection of vaginal samples to minimize clinic visits. In this study, we analyzed the concordance and clinical performance of DNA methylation biomarker (PAX1, SOX1, and ZNF582) detection in self-collected vaginal samples and physician-collected cervical samples for the identification of cervical neoplasm. We enrolled 136 cases with paired methylation data identified from abnormal Pap smears (n = 126) and normal controls (n = 10) regardless of HPV status at gynecological clinics. The study group comprised 37 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm I (CIN1), 23 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm II (CIN2), 16 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm III (CIN3), 30 carcinoma in situ (CIS), 13 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and seven adenocarcinomas (ACs)/adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCs). PAX1, SOX1 and ZNF582 methylation in study samples was assessed by real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. We generated methylation index cutoff values for the detection of CIN3+ in physician-collected cervical samples for analysis of the self-collected group. Concordance between the physician-collected and self-collected groups was evaluated by Cohen’s Kappa. Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) were calculated for detection of CIN3+ lesions. Finally, we produced an optimal cutoff value with the best sensitivity from the self-collected groups. We generated a methylation index cutoff value from physician-collected samples for detection of CIN3+. There were no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity of PAX1, SOX1 and ZNF582 between the self-collected and physician-collected groups. The methylation status of all three genes in the normal control

  3. Deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens e influencia de la temperatura y concentración de la solución sobre la cinética de transferencia de materia Desidratação osmótica do mamão chileno (Vasconcellea pubescens e influência da temperatura e concentração da solução sobre a cinética de transferência de matéria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Vega-Gálvez

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la cinética de deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens, utilizando dos variables experimentales: la temperatura (30, 40, 50 °C y concentración (40, 50 y 60% de la solución osmótica. Se determinó la variación de masa total, masa de agua y masa de sólidos solubles y se modeló con las ecuaciones difusionales, además en esta investigación se consideró y utilizó una modificación de la ecuación propuesta por Biswal-Bozorgmehr. Estos modelos fueron evaluados por medio del coeficiente de regresión lineal, suma de errores cuadrados, raíz media de los errores cuadrados y Chi-cuadrado. Al comparar los valores experimentales con los calculados, se demostró que el modelo Biswal-Bozorgmehr modificado obtuvo mejor ajuste sobre la variación de masa de agua y sólidos solubles. Mediante la ecuación de Arrhenius se analizó el efecto de la temperatura sobre los parámetros cinéticos (Kw y Kss y difusividad efectiva de agua (Dwe y sólidos solubles (Dsse. De acuerdo al diseño factorial, se observó que la temperatura no influyó sobre la difusividad efectiva de agua y de sólidos, pero sí la concentración de la solución osmótica. La mejor condición de salida de agua y ganancia de sólidos solubles durante la deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena fue a 30 °C con una concentración del 60%.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a cinética de desidratação osmótica do mamão chileno (Vasconcellea pubescens utilizando duas variáveis experimentais: temperatura (30, 40 e 50 °C e concentração (40, 50 e 60% da solução osmótica. Para este estudo, determinou-se a variação de massa total, de massa de água, de massa de sólidos solúveis, modeladas com as equações difusionais. Nesta investigação, também se considera e se usa uma modificação da equação proposta por Biswal-Bozorgmehr. Estes modelos foram avaliados através do coeficiente de regress

  4. Diagnóstico y cinética de plasmas de NxOy y aire a baja presión. Aplicaciones atmosféricas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tanarro Onrubia, Isabel

    Los procesos cinéticos que tienen lugar en plasmas de óxidos de nitrógeno y de aire presentan relevancia en diferentes campos de investigación como son los relativos al control de contaminantes atmosféricos emitidos en procesos de combustión, a su formación en las superficies de las naves supersónicas y los vehículos espaciales al entrar en la atmósfera, o a su presencia en la ionosfera terrestre. En general, los fenómenos que tienen lugar en sistemas tan alejados del equilibrio termodinámico como los plasmas luminiscentes, son capaces de originar determinadas especies intermedias y productos finales de reacción a temperaturas y presiones mucho menores que las de otros procedimientos físico-químicos; y hacen posible reproducir y caracterizar en laboratorio ciertas especies inestables y mecanismos primordiales de la alta atmósfera. Por otra parte, las técnicas de resolución temporal aplicadas a plasmas modulados en amplitud resultan notablemente más sensibles que las medidas estacionarias para estimar la relevancia de los distintos mecanismos elementales o incluso para determinar sus constantes de velocidad. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio espectroscópico y espectrométrico comparativo de plasmas de óxidos de nitrógeno y de aire a baja presión (0.001-1 mbar) generados en descargas de cátodo hueco continuas o moduladas, y se propone un modelo cinético único y relativamente sencillo, que explica satisfactoriamente los comportamientos observados en todos ellos. Dicho modelo se basa en la resolución de un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales dependientes del tiempo, que incluye los mecanismos elementales de disociación e ionización de los precursores y los productos, reacciones homogéneas entre especies atómicas, iónicas y moleculares, y reacciones heterogéneas. Al abordar estos sistemas, se constata una gran carencia de datos experimentales o teóricos sobre secciones eficaces o constantes de velocidad para las reacciones de

  5. Associations between methylation of paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer.

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    Monica D Nye

    Full Text Available Cytology-based screening for invasive cervical cancer (ICC lacks sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN likely to persist or progress from cases likely to resolve. Genome-wide approaches have been used to identify DNA methylation marks associated with CIN persistence or progression. However, associations between DNA methylation marks and CIN or ICC remain weak and inconsistent. Between 2008-2009, we conducted a hospital-based, case-control study among 213 Tanzania women with CIN 1/2/3 or ICC. We collected questionnaire data, biopsies, peripheral blood, cervical scrapes, Human papillomavirus (HPV and HIV-1 infection status. We assessed PEG3 methylation status by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR and confidence intervals (CI 95% for associations between PEG3 methylation status and CIN or ICC. After adjusting for age, gravidity, hormonal contraceptive use and HPV infection, a 5% increase in PEG3 DNA methylation was associated with increased risk for ICC (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1. HPV infection was associated with a higher risk of CIN1-3 (OR = 15.7; 95% CI 5.7-48.6 and ICC (OR = 29.5, 95% CI 6.3-38.4. Infection with high risk HPV was correlated with mean PEG3 differentially methylated regions (DMRs methylation (r = 0.34 p<0.0001, while the correlation with low risk HPV infection was weaker (r = 0.16 p = 0.047. Although small sample size limits inference, these data support that PEG3 methylation status has potential as a molecular target for inclusion in CIN screening to improve prediction of progression. Impact statement: We present the first evidence that aberrant methylation of the PEG3 DMR is an important co-factor in the development of Invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC, especially among women infected with high risk HPV. Our results show that a five percent increase in DNA methylation of PEG3 is associated with

  6. Estudio de la influencia del Cu y Ni en la cinética de transformación martensítica inducida por deformación en fundiciones nodulares austemperadas

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    Guzmán, D.

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to study the influence of copper and nickel on the kinetics of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile cast iron. The austempered ductile cast irons were obtained from two ductile cast irons with different copper and nickel contents by means of austempering treatment. The deformation was carried out using a rolling mill. The quantification of the phases was obtained by means of X ray diffraction, while the microstructural characterization was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was proved that the kinetics of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile cast iron can be modeled using the equations proposed by Olson- Cohen and Chang et al. Based on the results obtained from these analyses, it is possible to conclude that the nickel and copper complicate the martensite transformation because these elements increase the staking fault energy of the austenite and its thermodynamic stability.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del cobre y níquel en la cinética de la transformación martensítica inducida por deformación en fundiciones nodulares austemperadas. Las fundiciones utilizadas se fabricaron mediante austemperado, a partir de dos fundiciones nodulares, con diferentes contenidos de cobre y níquel. La deformación se realizó en un laminador de rodillo. La cuantificación de las fases se realizó mediante difracción de rayos X, mientras que la caracterización microestructural se efectuó utilizando microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Se comprobó que la cinética de transformación martensítica inducida por deformación en fundiciones nodulares austemperadas puede ser modelada mediante los modelos de Olson-Cohen y Chang et al. Basándose en los resultados obtenidos de estos ajustes, se concluye que tanto el níquel como el cobre dificultan la transformación martensítica debido a que estos elementos aumentan la energía de falla de

  7. Drug-related problems and pharmacy interventions in community practice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Westerlund, Tommy; Almarsdóttir, Anna Birna; Melander, Arne

    1999-01-01

    Objectives. (1) To document types and number of drug-related problems identified by community pharmacy personnel in Sweden; (2) to determine relationships among the types and number of problems identified and the gender, age and number of prescribed drugs in patients; and (3) to document the inte......Objectives. (1) To document types and number of drug-related problems identified by community pharmacy personnel in Sweden; (2) to determine relationships among the types and number of problems identified and the gender, age and number of prescribed drugs in patients; and (3) to document...... the interventions made by pharmacy personnel with patients and prescribers. Method. Random samples of pharmacists, prescriptionists and pharmacy technicians were drawn nationwide in Sweden; 144 (63 per cent) of the employees fulfilling the inclusion criteria agreed to take part. The participants documented drug......-related problems, interventions and patient variables on a data collection form, and tallied the number of patients they served on another form. Setting. One hundred and sixteen community pharmacies and 12 outpatient hospital pharmacies. Key findings. One problem or more was identified among 2.5 per cent...

  8. Human papillomavirus genotype prevalence in cervical biopsies from women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer in Fiji.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabrizi, Sepehr N; Law, Irwin; Buadromo, Eka; Stevens, Matthew P; Fong, James; Samuela, Josaia; Patel, Mahomed; Mulholland, E Kim; Russell, Fiona M; Garland, Suzanne M

    2011-09-01

    There is currently limited information about human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in women in the South Pacific region. This study's objective was to determine HPV genotypes present in cervical cancer (CC) and precancers (cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN) 3) in Fiji. Cross-sectional analysis evaluated archival CC and CIN3 biopsy samples from 296 women of Melanesian Fijian ethnicity (n=182, 61.5%) and Indo-Fijian ethnicity (n=114, 38.5%). HPV genotypes were evaluated using the INNO-LiPA assay in archival samples from CC (n=174) and CIN3 (n=122) among women in Fiji over a 5-year period from 2003 to 2007. Overall, 99% of the specimens tested were HPV DNA-positive for high-risk genotypes, with detection rates of 100%, 97.4% and 100% in CIN3, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinoma biopsies, respectively. Genotypes 16 and 18 were the most common (77%), followed by HPV 31 (4.3%). Genotype HPV 16 was the most common identified (59%) in CIN3 specimens, followed by HPV 31 (9%) and HPV 52 (6.6%). Multiple genotypes were detected in 12.5-33.3% of specimens, depending on the pathology. These results indicated that the two most prevalent CC-associated HPV genotypes in Fiji parallel those described in other regions worldwide, with genotype variations thereafter. These data suggest that the currently available bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines could potentially reduce cervical cancers in Fiji by over 80% and reduce precancers by at least 60%.

  9. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and the prognosis of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, XiangZhou; Wen, QiaoCheng; Wang, Ran; Chen, ZhiKang

    2017-11-01

    Recently, there has been a controversial discussion about the prognostic value of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) in colorectal cancer patients. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between CIN and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases to identify studies evaluating the association between CIN and colorectal cancer prognosis. Pooled random/fixed effect models were used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association. Eight studies were selected for the meta-analysis, for a total of 2,745 patients. There was significant improved survival among colorectal cancer patients with CIN (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47-0.76). However, significant heterogeneity was found (p = 0.000, Ι 2  = 75.0%). Through subgroup analysis, we could greatly eliminate the heterogeneity and found that neutropenia was associated with better survival in stage IV colorectal cancer patients, no matter the HR calculated by overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). Meanwhile, the prognostic value of neutropenia in stage II/III colorectal cancer can be found when the HR is calculated by disease-free survival (DFS). Additionally, we observed significant differences after stratification according to various tumor stages, endpoints, and the use of G-CSF. Our results which, based on a cohort study, indicate that CIN is associated with improved survival in patients with colorectal cancer. However, further randomized controlled trials are warranted.

  10. Efficacy of short-term high-dose statin in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials.

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    Yongchuan Li

    Full Text Available A few studies focused on statin therapy as specific prophylactic measures of contrast-induced nephropathy have been published with conflicting results. In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of short-term high-dose statin treatment for the prevention of CIN and clinical outcomes and re-evaluate of the potential benefits of statin therapy.We searched PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, Web of science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for randomized controlled trials comparing short-term high-dose statin treatment versus low-dose statin treatment or placebo for preventing CIN. Our outcome measures were the risk of CIN within 2-5 days after contrast administration and need for dialysis.Seven randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,399 patients were identified and analyzed. The overall results based on fixed-effect model showed that the use of short-term high-dose statin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in risk of CIN (RR =0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.76, p =0.001; I(2 = 0%. The incidence of acute renal failure requiring dialysis was not significant different after the use of statin (RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.05-2.10, p = 0.24; I(2 = 0%. The use of statin was not associated with a significant decrease in the plasma C-reactive protein level (SMD -0.64, 95% CI: -1.57 to 0.29, P = 0.18, I(2 = 97%.Although this meta-analysis supports the use of statin to reduce the incidence of CIN, it must be considered in the context of variable patient demographics. Only a limited recommendation can be made in favour of the use of statin based on current data. Considering the limitations of included studies, a large, well designed trial that incorporates the evaluation of clinically relevant outcomes in participants with different underlying risks of CIN is required to more adequately assess the role for statin in CIN prevention.

  11. A study of HPV typing for the management of HPV-positive ASC-US cervical cytologic results.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schiffman, Mark; Vaughan, Laurence M; Raine-Bennett, Tina R; Castle, Philip E; Katki, Hormuzd A; Gage, Julia C; Fetterman, Barbara; Befano, Brian; Wentzensen, Nicolas

    2015-09-01

    In US cervical screening, immediate colposcopy is recommended for women with HPV-positive ASC-US (equivocal) cytology. We evaluated whether partial typing by Onclarity™ (BD) might identify HPV-positive women with low enough CIN3+ risk to permit 1-year follow-up instead. The NCI-Kaiser Permanente Northern California Persistence and Progression cohort includes a subset of 13,890 women aged 21+ with HC2 (Qiagen)-positive ASC-US at enrollment; current median follow-up is 3.0years. Using stratified random sampling, we typed 2079 archived enrollment specimens including 329 women subsequently diagnosed with CIN3+, 563 with CIN2, and 1187 with <CIN2. Adjusting for sampling, we computed 3-year cumulative CIN3+ risks for each Onclarity typing channel, using Kaplan-Meier methods. The 3-year CIN3+ risk for all HC2-positive women with ASC-US was 5.2%; this establishes the "benchmark" risk for colposcopic referral. Hierarchically, 3-year cumulative risks for each typing channel were 16.0% for HPV16, 7.4% for HPV18, 7.0% for HPV31, 7.1% for grouped HPV33/58, 4.3% for HPV52, 3.9% for HPV45, 2.7% for HPV51, 1.6% for HPV39/68/35, and 1.3% for HPV59/56/66. ASC-US linked to HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, or HPV33/58 warrants immediate colposcopy. Optimal management of women with HPV52 or HPV45 is uncertain. Risk of women with only HPV51, HPV39/68/35, or HPV59/56/66 might be low enough to recommend 1-year retesting permitting viral clearance. This strategy would defer colposcopy for 40% of women with HPV-positive ASC-US, half of whom would be cotest-negative at 1-year return. Approximately 10% of those with CIN3 diagnosable at enrollment would be delayed 1year instead. Cost-effectiveness analyses are needed. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  12. Relevant problems in collaborative processes of non-hierarchical manufacturing networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Andrés

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify some of existing problems associated with collaboration among SMEs of the same network. Concretely, the problems are focused. The research objective is to identify the most relevant problems existing when SMEs have to deal with decentralized decisions (DDM. Design/methodology/approach: Through the literature review there have been collected collaborative problems caused by inter-organizational barriers. The approach taken is a qualitative study and analysis that classifies collaborative problems from less important to very important. In light of this, we are able to identify what are the most relevant problems to study in the NHN collaborative context. Findings and Originality/value: The developed methodology allows researchers to indentify amongst the collaborative problems those that are most relevant to solve in the NHN context, with the main aim of providing solutions in the future. The research aim is to provide the expert in the collaborative field a starting point to address the collaborative problems SMEs can find when belonging to collaborative networks. Research limitations/implications: Not all the problems that appear when an SME establish collaborative relationships, in a NHN, are considered. The identified problems have been arisen because there are discussed in the literature for addressing collaborative problems among networked partners. Identified problems are also considered because there are relevant to achieve collaboration among SMEs. Originality/value: The degree of coverage and the degree of significance is the taxonomy criteria used to identify the importance of solution degree of the encountered collaborative problems, in NHN context, in order to provide a future research of solutions to overcome them.

  13. Cinética de la transferencia de masa durante la deshidratación osmótica de yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Cinética de transferência de massa durante a desidratação osmótica de yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius

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    Silvina Maldonado

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available El yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius es un tubérculo andino de vida útil muy corta bajo condiciones ambientales. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar: 1 la cinética de deshidratación osmótica de yacón, utilizando sacarosa como soluto; 2 el ajuste de la ecuación de Peleg a los datos experimentales; y 3 el coeficiente de difusión usando la ecuación de Hawkes y Flink. La fruta se peló y cortó en placas de 3 x 3 x 0,3 cm. Se la deshidrató osmóticamente con solución de sacarosa al 40% (p/p, hasta aw = 0,97. El proceso se realizó a temperatura de 25 °C y con agitación continua (105 rpm. Se determinó la pérdida de peso de las muestras, la ganancia de sólidos y la retención de agua. Los parámetros obtenidos para el ajuste de pérdida de agua y ganancia de sólidos son respectivamente: k1: 8,2 0,1 y k2: 0,53 ± 0,06; k1: 234 ± 8 y k2: 2,6 ± 0,5. La mayor transferencia de masa, tanto de agua como de soluto, ocurre durante los primeros 60 a 90 minutos de proceso, lográndose una ganancia media de sólidos de 9,5 [g.100 g-1 MF] y una pérdida de agua de 68,8 [g.100 g-1MF]. Se puede asegurar que es posible aplicar satisfactoriamente el proceso de deshidratación osmótica en yacón como pre tratamiento de conservación.O yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius é um tubérculo andino de vida útil muito curta sob condições ambientais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar: 1 a cinética de desidratação osmótica do yacón, utilizando sacarose como soluto; 2 o ajuste da equação de Peleg aos dados experimentais; e 3 o coeficiente de difusão usando a equação de Hawkes e Flink. A fruta foi descascada e cortada em placas de 3 x 3 x 0,3 cm. Foi desidratada osmoticamente usando uma solução de sacarose aos 40% (p/p, até aw = 0,97. O processo foi conduzido mantendo a temperatura constante em 25 °C e com agitação orbital contínua (105 rpm. Determinou-se a perda de peso das mostras, o ganho de sólidos e a retenção de

  14. Report: Le cinéma de Bergson: image – affect ‐ mouvement Colloque international 16‐18 Mai 2013 École Normale Supérieure, Paris

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    Scotti Alessandra

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The conference entitled Le cinéma de Bergson: image, affect, mouvement took place from 16 to 18 May 2013 in Paris. At the beginning it sounds a little bit strange talking about "Bergson's cinema". In effect we all know that in several essays and in the final chapter of Creative Evolution (1907, Bergson employs what he calls the "cinematographical apparatus" as an analogy for how the intellect approaches reality. The cinema is like a metaphor for the fact that the intellect can only express movement – reality itself – in static terms. Anyway it's not a positive judgment. For this reason the real purpose of the conference is to see Bergson's theory of cinema from another point of view. Through the Deleuze's lecture we can discover a "new Bergson" as theorist of what Deleuze calls "ontology of images". In this way it could be possible talk about "Bergson's cinema", to imagine it, to dream it.

  15. Correlation of chromosomal instability, telomere length and telomere maintenance in microsatellite stable rectal cancer: a molecular subclass of rectal cancer.

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    Lisa A Boardman

    Full Text Available Colorectal cancer (CRC tumor DNA is characterized by chromosomal damage termed chromosomal instability (CIN and excessively shortened telomeres. Up to 80% of CRC is microsatellite stable (MSS and is historically considered to be chromosomally unstable (CIN+. However, tumor phenotyping depicts some MSS CRC with little or no genetic changes, thus being chromosomally stable (CIN-. MSS CIN- tumors have not been assessed for telomere attrition.MSS rectal cancers from patients ≤50 years old with Stage II (B2 or higher or Stage III disease were assessed for CIN, telomere length and telomere maintenance mechanism (telomerase activation [TA]; alternative lengthening of telomeres [ALT]. Relative telomere length was measured by qPCR in somatic epithelial and cancer DNA. TA was measured with the TRAPeze assay, and tumors were evaluated for the presence of C-circles indicative of ALT. p53 mutation status was assessed in all available samples. DNA copy number changes were evaluated with Spectral Genomics aCGH.Tumors were classified as chromosomally stable (CIN- and chromosomally instable (CIN+ by degree of DNA copy number changes. CIN- tumors (35%; n=6 had fewer copy number changes (<17% of their clones with DNA copy number changes than CIN+ tumors (65%; n=13 which had high levels of copy number changes in 20% to 49% of clones. Telomere lengths were longer in CIN- compared to CIN+ tumors (p=0.0066 and in those in which telomerase was not activated (p=0.004. Tumors exhibiting activation of telomerase had shorter tumor telomeres (p=0.0040; and tended to be CIN+ (p=0.0949.MSS rectal cancer appears to represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that may be categorized both on the basis of CIN status and telomere maintenance mechanism. MSS CIN- rectal cancers appear to have longer telomeres than those of MSS CIN+ rectal cancers and to utilize ALT rather than activation of telomerase.

  16. Population-Based Incidence Rates of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benard, Vicki B; Castle, Philip E; Jenison, Steven A; Hunt, William C; Kim, Jane J; Cuzick, Jack; Lee, Ji-Hyun; Du, Ruofei; Robertson, Michael; Norville, Scott; Wheeler, Cosette M

    2017-06-01

    A substantial effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines on reducing HPV-related cervical disease is essential before modifying clinical practice guidelines in partially vaccinated populations. To determine the population-based cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) trends when adjusting for changes in cervical screening practices that overlapped with HPV vaccination implementation. The New Mexico HPV Pap Registry, which captures population-based estimates of both cervical screening prevalence and CIN, was used to compute CIN trends from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014. Under New Mexico Administrative Code, the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry, a statewide public health surveillance program, receives mandatory reporting of all cervical screening (cytologic and HPV testing) and any cervical, vulvar, and vaginal histopathological findings for all women residing in New Mexico irrespective of outcome. Prespecified outcome measures included low-grade CIN (grade 1 [CIN1]) and high-grade CIN (grade 2 [CIN2] and grade 3 [CIN3]). From 2007 to 2014, a total of 13 520 CIN1, 4296 CIN2, and 2823 CIN3 lesions were diagnosed among female individuals 15 to 29 years old. After adjustment for changes in cervical screening across the period, reductions in the CIN incidence per 100 000 women screened were significant for all grades of CIN among female individuals 15 to 19 years old, dropping from 3468.3 to 1590.6 for CIN1 (annual percentage change [APC], -9.0; 95% CI, -12.0 to -5.8; P women 20 to 24 years old, dropping from 1027.7 to 627.1 (APC, -6.3; 95% CI, -10.9 to -1.4; P = .02). Population-level decreases in CIN among cohorts partially vaccinated for HPV may be considered when clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer screening are reassessed. Evidence is rapidly growing to suggest that further increases in raising the age to start screening are imminent, one step toward integrating screening and vaccination.

  17. Produção de celulases por Aspergillus niger e cinética da desativação celulásica=Cellulases production by Aspergillus niger and cellulase deactivation kinetic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Mariana de Aguiar

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da cinética de produção de enzimas celulases pelo fungo Aspergillus niger e da cinética de desativação das celulases. Foi utilizado bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado como fonte de carbono na fermentação para a produção do complexo celulásico e também como substrato da hidrólise enzimática. A. niger foi cultivado em três bateladas, cada uma contendo 10, 50 e 100 g L-1 de bagaço pré-tratado com NaOH 4% (m v-1. A cinética da produção das celulases foi obtida determinando-se a atividade enzimática das amostras coletadas ao longo do tempo. As variações do pH também foram determinadas. A deativação enzimática foi avaliada determinando-se periodicamente a atividade das amostras armazenadas nas condições de resfriamento (4°C e de congelamento (-18ºC. Conclui-se que o A. niger produz celulases quando cultivado em meio de cultivo contendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado e que o tempo ideal para coleta do caldo enzimático foi de aproximadamente sete dias, com produtividade máxima de 0,0013 U mL-1∙h para a batelada com 10 g L-1 e 0,0018 U mL-1∙h para as bateladas com 50 e 100 g L-1. O complexo celulásico não sofre desativação se armazenado à temperatura de -18°C por 43 dias, mas perde cerca de 40% da sua atividade após 48h se armazenado a 4°C.This work aimed to evaluate the kinetic for the cellulase production by Aspergillus niger and the deactivation kinetic of the cellulase enzymes. Cellulase were produced in three different batches using NaOH 4% (w v-1 pre-treated sugarcane bagasse as the carbon source in the fermentation broth. The amount of the bagasse in each batch was 10, 50 and 100 g L-1. The kinetic of the cellulase production was accomplished by periodically determining the cellulasic activity of the fermentation broth using pre-treated bagasse as the hydrolysis substrate. Changes in the pH also were determined. The cellulase

  18. Reframing a Problem: Identifying the Sources of Conflict in a Teacher Education Course

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quebec Fuentes, Sarah; Bloom, Mark

    2017-01-01

    This article exemplifies the critical initial phase of action research, problem identification, in the context of a teacher education course. After frustration arose between preservice elementary teachers (PSTs) and their instructor over classwork quality, the instructor employed reflective journaling and discussions to examine the source of the…

  19. An Achievement Degree Analysis Approach to Identifying Learning Problems in Object-Oriented Programming

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allinjawi, Arwa A.; Al-Nuaim, Hana A.; Krause, Paul

    2014-01-01

    Students often face difficulties while learning object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts. Many papers have presented various assessment methods for diagnosing learning problems to improve the teaching of programming in computer science (CS) higher education. The research presented in this article illustrates that although max-min composition is…

  20. Multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning for identifying rockslide modifications: potentialities and problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castagnetti, Cristina; Bertacchini, Eleonora; Capra, Alessandro; Rivola, Riccardo

    2013-04-01

    The heart of this research is to provide an efficient methodology for a reliable acquisition and interpretation of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) data in the application field of landslide monitoring. In particular, rockslides, which are characterized by vertical walls of rock and by a complex morphology, are of great concern in the study. In these cases the airborne laser scanning is not able to provide useful and reliable description and the terrestrial laser scanning might be the only possible choice to obtain a good and reliable description of the geomorphology or to identify the changes occurred over time. The last purpose is still a challenging task when long distances are involved because the accurate and punctual identification of displacements is not possible due to the laser beam divergence. The final purpose of the research is a proposal of a methodology which is based on TLS technology for identifying displacements and extracting geomorphological changes. The approach is clearly based on a multi-temporal analysis which is computed on several repetitions of TLS surveys performed on the area of interest. To achieve best results and optimize the processing strategy, different methods about point clouds alignment have been tested together with algorithms both for filtering and post-processing. The case study is the Collagna Landslide that is located in the North Appennines (Reggio Emilia, Italy) on the right flank of Biola torrent. The large scale composite landslide area is made both by a wide rock slide sector and a more limited earth slide sector that, after high precipitation rates, disrupted the National Road 63 in December 2008. An integrated monitoring system is installed since 2009 and comprises both point-based technologies such as extensometers, total station and global positioning system, and also area-based technologies such as airborne laser scanner, long-range TLS and ground-based radar. This choice allows to couple the advantages of both

  1. Restriction of human papillomavirus DNA testing in primary cervical screening to women above age 30

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rebolj, Matejka; Njor, Sisse H; Lynge, Elsebeth

    2012-01-01

    Cervical screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is less specific for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (=CIN3) than cytology. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether a restriction of HPV testing to women aged at least 30 years would eliminate the problem...

  2. Perceived Problems of Being an Accounting Teacher

    OpenAIRE

    Araújo,Tamires Sousa; Lima,Francielly Dornelas Correia; Oliveira,Ana Clara Lacerda de; Miranda,Gilberto José

    2015-01-01

    This study aims to identify the primary problems faced by accounting professors both upon entry into the profession and during later phases. Thus, it seeks to answer the following research question: what are the problems perceived by accounting professors in Brazil during each phase of the professional life cycle? The data collection instrument was constructed based on the life cycles proposed by Huberman (2000) and the problems identified by Veenman (1984) and validated by a committee of exp...

  3. ACTIVE AND PARTICIPATORY METHODS IN BIOLOGY: PROBLEM-SOLVING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adela NEMEŞ

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available We face with considerable challenge of developing students’ problem solving skills in our difficult environment. Good problem solving skills empower managers in their professional and personal lives. Problem solving skills are valued by academics and employers. The informations in Biology are often presented in abstract forms without contextualisation. Creative problem-solving process involves a few steps, which together provide a structured procedure for identifying challenges, generating ideas and implementing innovative solutions: identifying the problem, searching for possible solutions, selecting the most optimal solution and implementing a possible solution. Each aspect of personality has a different orientation to problem solving, different criteria for judging the effectiveness of the process and different associated strengths. Using real-world data in sample problems will also help facilitate the transfer process, since students can more easily identify with the context of a given situation. The paper describes the use of the Problem-Solving in Biology and the method of its administration. It also presents the results of a study undertaken to evaluate the value in teaching Biology. Problem-solving is seen as an essential skill that is developed in biology education.

  4. Construction and characterization of two BAC libraries representing a deep-coverage of the genome of chicory (Cichorium intybus L., Asteraceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonthier Lucy

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The Asteraceae represents an important plant family with respect to the numbers of species present in the wild and used by man. Nonetheless, genomic resources for Asteraceae species are relatively underdeveloped, hampering within species genetic studies as well as comparative genomics studies at the family level. So far, six BAC libraries have been described for the main crops of the family, i.e. lettuce and sunflower. Here we present the characterization of BAC libraries of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. constructed from two genotypes differing in traits related to sexual and vegetative reproduction. Resolving the molecular mechanisms underlying traits controlling the reproductive system of chicory is a key determinant for hybrid development, and more generally will provide new insights into these traits, which are poorly investigated so far at the molecular level in Asteraceae. Findings Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC libraries, CinS2S2 and CinS1S4, were constructed from HindIII-digested high molecular weight DNA of the contrasting genotypes C15 and C30.01, respectively. C15 was hermaphrodite, non-embryogenic, and S2S2 for the S-locus implicated in self-incompatibility, whereas C30.01 was male sterile, embryogenic, and S1S4. The CinS2S2 and CinS1S4 libraries contain 89,088 and 81,408 clones. Mean insert sizes of the CinS2S2 and CinS1S4 clones are 90 and 120 kb, respectively, and provide together a coverage of 12.3 haploid genome equivalents. Contamination with mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences was evaluated with four mitochondrial and four chloroplast specific probes, and was estimated to be 0.024% and 1.00% for the CinS2S2 library, and 0.028% and 2.35% for the CinS1S4 library. Using two single copy genes putatively implicated in somatic embryogenesis, screening of both libraries resulted in detection of 12 and 13 positive clones for each gene, in accordance with expected numbers. Conclusions This

  5. Construction and characterization of two BAC libraries representing a deep-coverage of the genome of chicory (Cichorium intybus L., Asteraceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonthier, Lucy; Bellec, Arnaud; Blassiau, Christelle; Prat, Elisa; Helmstetter, Nicolas; Rambaud, Caroline; Huss, Brigitte; Hendriks, Theo; Bergès, Hélène; Quillet, Marie-Christine

    2010-08-11

    The Asteraceae represents an important plant family with respect to the numbers of species present in the wild and used by man. Nonetheless, genomic resources for Asteraceae species are relatively underdeveloped, hampering within species genetic studies as well as comparative genomics studies at the family level. So far, six BAC libraries have been described for the main crops of the family, i.e. lettuce and sunflower. Here we present the characterization of BAC libraries of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) constructed from two genotypes differing in traits related to sexual and vegetative reproduction. Resolving the molecular mechanisms underlying traits controlling the reproductive system of chicory is a key determinant for hybrid development, and more generally will provide new insights into these traits, which are poorly investigated so far at the molecular level in Asteraceae. Two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, CinS2S2 and CinS1S4, were constructed from HindIII-digested high molecular weight DNA of the contrasting genotypes C15 and C30.01, respectively. C15 was hermaphrodite, non-embryogenic, and S2S2 for the S-locus implicated in self-incompatibility, whereas C30.01 was male sterile, embryogenic, and S1S4. The CinS2S2 and CinS1S4 libraries contain 89,088 and 81,408 clones. Mean insert sizes of the CinS2S2 and CinS1S4 clones are 90 and 120 kb, respectively, and provide together a coverage of 12.3 haploid genome equivalents. Contamination with mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences was evaluated with four mitochondrial and four chloroplast specific probes, and was estimated to be 0.024% and 1.00% for the CinS2S2 library, and 0.028% and 2.35% for the CinS1S4 library. Using two single copy genes putatively implicated in somatic embryogenesis, screening of both libraries resulted in detection of 12 and 13 positive clones for each gene, in accordance with expected numbers. This indicated that both BAC libraries are valuable tools for molecular

  6. Cinética da maturação nuclear in vitro de oócitos bubalinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone do Socorro Damasceno Santos

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética da maturação in vitro de oócitos bubalinos, foram cultivados 1.619 oócitos com cumulus oophorus compacto em quatro diferentes tratamentos: T1 - TCM 199 com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB (meio base; T2 - Meio base e células da granulosa (CG; T3 - Meio base, CG, 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG e 10 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG; T4 - Meio base, 10 UI de eCG, 10UI de hCG e 1 µg de 17b-estradiol / ml, em tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo em estufa de CO2 a 5% e temperatura de 38,5ºC. No tratamento 1, observou-se que 81,83%, 69,61%, 65,88%, 60,28%, 64,98% e 67,67% dos ovócitos reiniciaram a meiose. No tratamento 2, as taxas de reinicio da meiose foram de 76,06%, 72,06%, 69,78%, 68,12%,74,97% e 89,96%, no tratamento 3 estes percentuais foram de 83,59%, 78,86%, 77,49%, 82,4%, 72,92% e 81,06% e com o tratamento 4 os índices foram de 95,0%, 91,82%, 93, 17%, 91,65%, 92,09% e 74,99% nos tempos de 14 a 17h, 20 a 22h, 23 a 25h, 26 a 28h, 29h e 32h de cultivo, respectivamente, podendo-se concluir que o meio com maior suplementação proporciona maior taxa de reinício da meiose em menor tempo, assim como o aumento no tempo de cultivo pode levar a maiores índices de degeneração.

  7. Inverse problems for the Boussinesq system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan, Jishan; Jiang, Yu; Nakamura, Gen

    2009-01-01

    We obtain two results on inverse problems for a 2D Boussinesq system. One is that we prove the Lipschitz stability for the inverse source problem of identifying a time-independent external force in the system with observation data in an arbitrary sub-domain over a time interval of the velocity and the data of velocity and temperature at a fixed positive time t 0 > 0 over the whole spatial domain. The other one is that we prove a conditional stability estimate for an inverse problem of identifying the two initial conditions with a single observation on a sub-domain

  8. A polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect precedes invasive cervical carcinoma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wijetunga, Neil Ari; Ben-Dayan, Miriam; Tozour, Jessica; Burk, Robert D.; Schlecht, Nicolas F.; Einstein, Mark H.; Greally, John M.

    2016-01-01

    Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinoma is preceded by stages of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) that can variably progress to malignancy. Understanding the different molecular processes involved in the progression of pre-malignant CIN is critical to the development of improved predictive and interventional capabilities. We tested the role of regulators of transcription in both the development and the progression of HPV-associated CIN, performing the most comprehensive genomic survey to date of DNA methylation in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia, testing ~2 million loci throughout the human genome in biopsies from 78 HPV+ women, identifying changes starting in early CIN and maintained through carcinogenesis. We identified loci at which DNA methylation is consistently altered, beginning early in the course of neoplastic disease and progressing with disease advancement. While the loss of DNA methylation occurs mostly at intergenic regions, acquisition of DNA methylation is at sites involved in transcriptional regulation, with strong enrichment for targets of polycomb repression. Using an independent cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we validated the loci with increased DNA methylation and found that these regulatory changes were associated with locally decreased gene expression. Secondary validation using immunohistochemistry showed that the progression of neoplasia was associated with increasing polycomb protein expression specifically in the cervical epithelium. We find that perturbations of genomic regulatory processes occur early and persist in cervical carcinoma. The results indicate a polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect in cervical neoplasia that may represent a target for early, topical interventions using polycomb inhibitors. PMID:27557505

  9. A polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect precedes invasive cervical carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wijetunga, Neil Ari; Ben-Dayan, Miriam; Tozour, Jessica; Burk, Robert D; Schlecht, Nicolas F; Einstein, Mark H; Greally, John M

    2016-09-20

    Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinoma is preceded by stages of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) that can variably progress to malignancy. Understanding the different molecular processes involved in the progression of pre-malignant CIN is critical to the development of improved predictive and interventional capabilities. We tested the role of regulators of transcription in both the development and the progression of HPV-associated CIN, performing the most comprehensive genomic survey to date of DNA methylation in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia, testing ~2 million loci throughout the human genome in biopsies from 78 HPV+ women, identifying changes starting in early CIN and maintained through carcinogenesis. We identified loci at which DNA methylation is consistently altered, beginning early in the course of neoplastic disease and progressing with disease advancement. While the loss of DNA methylation occurs mostly at intergenic regions, acquisition of DNA methylation is at sites involved in transcriptional regulation, with strong enrichment for targets of polycomb repression. Using an independent cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we validated the loci with increased DNA methylation and found that these regulatory changes were associated with locally decreased gene expression. Secondary validation using immunohistochemistry showed that the progression of neoplasia was associated with increasing polycomb protein expression specifically in the cervical epithelium. We find that perturbations of genomic regulatory processes occur early and persist in cervical carcinoma. The results indicate a polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect in cervical neoplasia that may represent a target for early, topical interventions using polycomb inhibitors.

  10. Human papillomavirus types and recurrent cervical warts

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nuovo, G.J. (Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY (USA)); Pedemonte, B.M. (Harlem Hospital Medical Center, New York, NY (USA))

    1990-03-02

    The authors analyzed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) detected after cryotherapy to determine if recurrence is associated with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) type found in the original lesion. Eight women had detectable HPV DNA in CINs that occurred after ablation of another CIN, and for each patient the HPV type in the pretreatment lesion was different from that in the CIN that appeared after cryotherapy. This compares with 12 women who had HPV detected in two or more CINs present at the same time, 11 of whom had the same HPv type noted. they concluded that although multiple, simultaneous CINs in a woman often contain the same HPV type, recurrent CINs that occur after cryotherapy contain an HPV type different from that present in the pretreatment lesion.

  11. Human papillomavirus types and recurrent cervical warts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nuovo, G.J.; Pedemonte, B.M.

    1990-01-01

    The authors analyzed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) detected after cryotherapy to determine if recurrence is associated with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) type found in the original lesion. Eight women had detectable HPV DNA in CINs that occurred after ablation of another CIN, and for each patient the HPV type in the pretreatment lesion was different from that in the CIN that appeared after cryotherapy. This compares with 12 women who had HPV detected in two or more CINs present at the same time, 11 of whom had the same HPv type noted. they concluded that although multiple, simultaneous CINs in a woman often contain the same HPV type, recurrent CINs that occur after cryotherapy contain an HPV type different from that present in the pretreatment lesion

  12. Pathological discrepancy between colposcopic directed cervical biopsy and Loop Electrosurgical-Excision Procedures (LEEPs in patients with biopsies proven high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sitchuphong Noothong

    2017-10-01

    Conclusion: The prevalence of patients with CIN1 or less from LEEP specimens who previously had colposcopic biopsies proven CIN2 or 3 was 16.3%. CIN2 from biopsy was the statistically significant risk factor of CIN1 or less in LEEP specimens.

  13. Incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in hospitalised patients with cancer

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cicin, Irfan; Erdogan, Bulent; Gulsen, Emrah; Uzunoglu, Sernaz; Kodaz, Hilmi [Trakya University, Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey); Sut, Necdet [Trakya University, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey); Turkmen, Esma [Trakya University, Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey); Trakya Ueniversitesi Hastanesi Medikal Onkoloji Bilim Dali, Edirne (Turkey); Ustundag, Sedat [Trakya University, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey)

    2014-01-15

    To determine the frequency of and possible factors related to contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in hospitalised patients with cancer. Ninety adult patients were enrolled. Patients with risk factors for acute renal failure were excluded. Blood samples were examined the day before contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and serially for 3 days thereafter. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (Cr) of 0.5 mg/dl or more, or elevation of Cr to 25 % over baseline. Relationships between CIN and possible risk factors were investigated. CIN was detected in 18/90 (20 %) patients. CIN developed in 25.5 % patients who underwent chemotherapy and in 11 % patients who did not (P = 0.1). CIN more frequently developed in patients who had undergone CT within 45 days after the last chemotherapy (P = 0.005); it was also an independent risk factor (P = 0.017). CIN was significantly more after treatment with bevacizumab/irinotecan (P = 0.021) and in patients with hypertension (P = 0.044). The incidence of CIN after CT in hospitalised oncological patients was 20 %. CIN developed 4.5-times more frequently in patients with cancer who had undergone recent chemotherapy. Hypertension and the combination of bevacizumab/irinotecan may be additional risk factors for CIN development. (orig.)

  14. The influence of contrast media on kidney function in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reuter, Simon Bertram; Harutyunyan, Marina; Mygind, Naja Dam; Jørgensen, Erik; Kastrup, Jens

    2014-08-01

    To investigate the incidence of contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for elective coronary intervention following hydration routines. The reversibility of CIN was followed in a 6 month-period. A total of 447 patients referred for elective coronary intervention due to suspected CAD were included. Blood samples were collected before and 24 h after intervention and medical records were obtained. Patients had no drinking fluid restrictions and were routinely treated with a 1000 ml saline infusion. All patients were invited to a 6-month examination and collection of blood samples. A total of 19 patients (4.3%) developed CIN. CIN patients had a pre-investigation higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGRF), lower level of kidney failure and lower creatinine level than non-CIN patients. Kidney function was not normalized in CIN patients 6 months after the intervention. Two patients still met the definition of CIN. With no restriction in fluid intake and supplementary infusion of saline, only a few patients with stable CAD developed early indications of CIN during elective coronary interventions. Kidney function and the amount of contrast media used was not a predictor of CIN development. The induced CIN was not completely normalized in a 6-month follow-up period.

  15. Evaluation of a modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin agar for isolation of Yersinia spp.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lai Kuan Tan

    Full Text Available Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are important food borne pathogens. However, the presence of competitive microbiota makes the isolation of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis from naturally contaminated foods difficult. We attempted to evaluate the performance of a modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN agar in the differentiation of Y. enterocolitica from non-Yersinia species, particularly the natural intestinal microbiota. The modified CIN enabled the growth of Y. enterocolitica colonies with the same efficiency as CIN and Luria-Bertani agar. The detection limits of the modified CIN for Y. enterocolitica in culture medium (10 cfu/ml and in artificially contaminated pork (10(4 cfu/ml were also comparable to those of CIN. However, the modified CIN provided a better discrimination of Yersinia colonies from other bacteria exhibiting Yersinia-like colonies on CIN (H2S-producing Citrobacter freundii, C. braakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia rettgeri, and Morganella morganii. The modified CIN exhibited a higher recovery rate of Y. enterocolitica from artificially prepared bacterial cultures and naturally contaminated samples compared with CIN. Our results thus demonstrated that the use of modified CIN may be a valuable means to increase the recovery rate of food borne Yersinia from natural samples, which are usually contaminated by multiple types of bacteria.

  16. Evaluation of a Modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin Agar for Isolation of Yersinia spp

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Lai Kuan; Ooi, Peck Toung; Carniel, Elisabeth; Thong, Kwai Lin

    2014-01-01

    Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are important food borne pathogens. However, the presence of competitive microbiota makes the isolation of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis from naturally contaminated foods difficult. We attempted to evaluate the performance of a modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar in the differentiation of Y. enterocolitica from non-Yersinia species, particularly the natural intestinal microbiota. The modified CIN enabled the growth of Y. enterocolitica colonies with the same efficiency as CIN and Luria-Bertani agar. The detection limits of the modified CIN for Y. enterocolitica in culture medium (10 cfu/ml) and in artificially contaminated pork (104 cfu/ml) were also comparable to those of CIN. However, the modified CIN provided a better discrimination of Yersinia colonies from other bacteria exhibiting Yersinia-like colonies on CIN (H2S-producing Citrobacter freundii, C. braakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Providencia rettgeri, and Morganella morganii). The modified CIN exhibited a higher recovery rate of Y. enterocolitica from artificially prepared bacterial cultures and naturally contaminated samples compared with CIN. Our results thus demonstrated that the use of modified CIN may be a valuable means to increase the recovery rate of food borne Yersinia from natural samples, which are usually contaminated by multiple types of bacteria. PMID:25170941

  17. [Matters of identifying the categories of discrepancy between diagnoses as a part of the problem of organizing the clinical expert work of a postmortem service].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zaĭrat'iants, O V

    2009-01-01

    Whether the categories of a discrepancy between diagnoses should not be identified, which has been put by I. A. Kazantseva, is supported by the Society of Pathologists. The ranking of diagnostic discrepancies has been already subject to criticism in a number of standard guidance publications. However, this matter is a part of the unsolved problem of the clinical expert work of a postmortem service. Many regions have elaborated and approved their own principles of its organization. The standards of the Russian Agency are the most important achievement in assuring orderliness of its work. The problem requires further initiatives of the Russian Society of Pathologists and its close interaction with the Ministry of Health and Social Development in approving the relevant normative documents as soon as possible.

  18. Human papillomavirus DNA detection in menstrual blood from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and condyloma acuminatum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Sze Chuen Cesar; Au, Thomas Chi Chuen; Chan, Sammy Chung Sum; Chan, Charles Ming Lok; Lam, Money Yan Yee; Zee, Benny Chung Ying; Pong, Wei Mei; Chan, Anthony Tak Cheung

    2010-03-01

    The Papanicolaou test generates pain and embarrassment, and cytology screening has limited sensitivity for detection of cervical neoplasia. These factors urge the use of another screening test that can overcome these limitations. We explore a completely noninvasive method using detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in women's menstrual blood (MB). The participants were divided into 3 cohorts: (i) 235 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN 3) (n = 48), CIN 2 (n = 60), CIN 1 (n = 58), or condyloma acuminatum (CAC) (n = 69) before treatment or remission; (ii) from the first cohort of patients, 108 CIN 3 or CIN 2 patients after treatment and 62 CIN 1 or CAC patients after remission; and (iii) 323 apparently normal subjects (ANS) without any cervical disease. The HPV genotypes of the infected patients were confirmed by direct sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to measure the MB HPV16 load for 15 infected patients. Results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for detection of MB HPV DNA in samples from patients with CIN or CAC were 82.8%, 93.1%, 90.0%, and 87.9%, respectively. Moreover, MB HPV DNA was found in samples from 22.2% of CIN 3 or CIN 2 patients after treatment, 0.0% of CIN 1 or CAC patients after remission, and 8.1% of ANS, 4 of whom were found to have CIN 1 or CAC. Furthermore, QRT-PCR showed that the normalized MB HPV16 DNA copy numbers in samples from patients with CIN 1 to CIN 3 were significantly increased. These preliminary results suggested that MB HPV DNA is a potential noninvasive marker for these premalignant cervical diseases.

  19. Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection in Menstrual Blood from Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Condyloma Acuminatum ▿

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Sze Chuen Cesar; Au, Thomas Chi Chuen; Chan, Sammy Chung Sum; Chan, Charles Ming Lok; Lam, Money Yan Yee; Zee, Benny Chung Ying; Pong, Wei Mei; Chan, Anthony Tak Cheung

    2010-01-01

    The Papanicolaou test generates pain and embarrassment, and cytology screening has limited sensitivity for detection of cervical neoplasia. These factors urge the use of another screening test that can overcome these limitations. We explore a completely noninvasive method using detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in women's menstrual blood (MB). The participants were divided into 3 cohorts: (i) 235 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN 3) (n = 48), CIN 2 (n = 60), CIN 1 (n = 58), or condyloma acuminatum (CAC) (n = 69) before treatment or remission; (ii) from the first cohort of patients, 108 CIN 3 or CIN 2 patients after treatment and 62 CIN 1 or CAC patients after remission; and (iii) 323 apparently normal subjects (ANS) without any cervical disease. The HPV genotypes of the infected patients were confirmed by direct sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to measure the MB HPV16 load for 15 infected patients. Results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for detection of MB HPV DNA in samples from patients with CIN or CAC were 82.8%, 93.1%, 90.0%, and 87.9%, respectively. Moreover, MB HPV DNA was found in samples from 22.2% of CIN 3 or CIN 2 patients after treatment, 0.0% of CIN 1 or CAC patients after remission, and 8.1% of ANS, 4 of whom were found to have CIN 1 or CAC. Furthermore, QRT-PCR showed that the normalized MB HPV16 DNA copy numbers in samples from patients with CIN 1 to CIN 3 were significantly increased. These preliminary results suggested that MB HPV DNA is a potential noninvasive marker for these premalignant cervical diseases. PMID:20089764

  20. Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Classification of a Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Test System. Final order.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-01-03

    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is classifying the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) test system into class II (special controls). The special controls that apply to the device type are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the CIN test system's classification. We are taking this action because we have determined that classifying the device into class II (special controls) will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. We believe this action will also enhance patients' access to beneficial innovative devices, in part by reducing regulatory burdens.

  1. HPV E6/E7 RNA In Situ Hybridization Signal Patterns as Biomarkers of Three-Tier Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, Mark F.; Peng, Zhihua; Clark, Kelli M.; Adamson, Christine S.-C.; Ma, Xiao-Jun; Wu, Xingyong; Wang, Hongwei; Luo, Yuling; Cooper, Kumarasen

    2014-01-01

    Cervical lesion grading is critical for effective patient management. A three-tier classification (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grade 1, 2 or 3) based on H&E slide review is widely used. However, for reasons of considerable inter-observer variation in CIN grade assignment and for want of a biomarker validating a three-fold stratification, CAP-ASCCP LAST consensus guidelines recommend a two-tier system: low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL or HSIL). In this study, high-risk HPV E6/E7 and p16 mRNA expression patterns in eighty-six CIN lesions were investigated by RNAscope chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Specimens were also screened by immunohistochemistry for p16INK4a (clone E6H4), and by tyramide-based CISH for HPV DNA. HPV genotyping was performed by GP5+/6+ PCR combined with cycle-sequencing. Abundant high-risk HPV RNA CISH signals were detected in 26/32 (81.3%) CIN 1, 22/22 (100%) CIN 2 and in 32/32 (100%) CIN 3 lesions. CIN 1 staining patterns were typified (67.7% specimens) by abundant diffusely staining nuclei in the upper epithelial layers; CIN 2 lesions mostly (66.7%) showed a combination of superficial diffuse-stained nuclei and multiple dot-like nuclear and cytoplasmic signals throughout the epithelium; CIN 3 lesions were characterized (87.5%) by multiple dot-like nuclear and cytoplasmic signals throughout the epithelial thickness and absence/scarcity of diffusely staining nuclei (trend across CIN grades: PHPV infections exemplifying CIN 1, transformative phase infections CIN 3, whereas CIN 2 shows both productive and transformative phase elements. Three-tier data correlation was not found for the other assays examined. The dual discernment of diffuse and/or dot-like signals together with the assay’s high sensitivity for HPV support the use of HPV E6/E7 RNA CISH as an adjunct test for deciding lesion grade when CIN 2 grading may be beneficial (e.g. among young women) or when ‘LSIL vs. HSIL’ assignment is

  2. Determinación de parámetros cinéticos por la técnica calorimétrica de barrido único. Aplicación a la cristalización no isoterma de la aleación Sb0.12As0.40Se0.48

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiménez-Garay, R.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available A procedure has been developed for analyzing the evolution with time of the crystallized fraction and for calculating the kinetic parameters at non-isothermal reactions involving formation and growth of nuclei. Considering the assumptions of extended volume and random nucleation, a general expression of the transformed fraction as a function of time has been obtained in isothermal crystallization processes. The crystallization rate deduced has been applied to the non-isothermal processes under the restriction of a nucleation which takes place early in the transformation and the nucleation frequency is zero thereafter. In these conditions, the kinetic parameters have been deduced by using the technique of single-scan. The theoretical method developed has been applied to the crystallization kinetics of the semiconducting Sb0.12As0.40Se0.48 alloy. The kinetic parameters obtained differ by only about 6% of those calculated by multiple-scan techniques, which confirms the reliability and accuracy of the single-scan technique when calculating the mentioned parameters in non-isothermal processes.Se ha desarrollado un procedimiento para analizar la evolución temporal de la fracción cristalizada y calcular los parámetros cinéticos de reacciones no isotermas que implican la formación y crecimiento de núcleos. Considerando las hipótesis de volumen extendido y nucleación al azar, se ha obtenido una expresión general de la fracción transformada como función del tiempo en procesos de cristalización isotermos. La velocidad de cristalización deducida se ha aplicado a procesos no isotermos bajo la restricción de nucleación al principio de la transformación y que se anula posteriormente. En estas condiciones, se han deducido los parámetros cinéticos usando la técnica de barrido único. El método teórico desarrollado se ha aplicado a la cristalización de la aleación semiconductora Sb0.12As0.40Se0.48. Los parámetros cinéticos obtenidos

  3. Cinética de desinfección para cinco desinfectantes utilizados en industria farmacéutica Disinfection kinetics of five disifectants used in pharmaceutical industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lena Carolina Echeverri Prieto

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Para evaluar la actividad desinfectante de cada agente químico se implementó una metodología cuantitativa por medio de la neutralización de estos con el medio Dey-Engley y recuperar las células viables después de cada ensayo y calcular la cinética de desinfección la cual es expresada como coeficiente de letalidad (k. Se observó que este valor era inversamente proporcional al tiempo de contacto para los tratamientos con B. subtilis frente a todos los desinfectantes, y para A. niger con el alcohol etílico al 70 %, el amonio cuaternario catiónico y el hipoclorito de sodio.To assess disinfectant activity from each chemical agent, a quantitative methodology was implemented by means of its neutralization with Dey-Engley medium, and thus to achieve recovery of viable cells after each assay and to estimate disinfection kynetics, which is expressed as lethal coefficient (k. It was observed that this value was proportionally inverse to contact time for treatments with B. subtilis versus all the disinfectants, and for A. niger with 70 % ethyl alcohol, ionic quaternary ammonium, and the sodium hypochlorite.

  4. Antibacterial effects of lactoferricin B.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vorland, L H; Ulvatne, H; Andersen, J; Haukland, H H; Rekdal, O; Svendsen, J S; Gutteberg, T J

    1999-01-01

    The antimicrobial peptide, lactoferricin, can be generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of lactoferrin. We have examined the inhibitory efficacy of lactoferricin of bovine origin (Lf-cin B) on Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus with or without a cell wall. We found that spheroplasts and protoplasts had a lower MIC than their counterparts with a cell wall. We also compared the efficacies of Lf-cin B (17-31) made of all L-amino acids and all D-amino acids. The peptide made of all D-amino acids was more active than the corresponding L-enantiomer. Furthermore, we examined the influence of Lf-cin B on the motility of E. coli and the influence of temperature on the susceptibility of bacteria exposed to Lf-cin B. Bacteria exposed to sub-MIC of Lf-cin B lost their motility. Bacteria exposed to Lf-cin B at 20 degrees C were more sensitive to Lf-cin B than when exposed at 37 degrees C. These findings indicate that the cell envelope is a limiting step for Lf-cin B to exert its antibiotic effect. We cannot rule out a receptor-mediated first step for Lf-cin B (17-31).

  5. Accuracy of Colposcopically Directed Biopsy: Results from an Online Quality Assurance Programme for Colposcopy in a Population-Based Cervical Screening Setting in Italy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sideri, Mario; Garutti, Paola; Costa, Silvano; Cristiani, Paolo; Sassoli de Bianchi, Priscilla; Naldoni, Carlo

    2015-01-01

    Purpose. To report the accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in an internet-based colposcopy quality assurance programme in northern Italy. Methods. A web application was made accessible on the website of the regional Administration. Fifty-nine colposcopists out of the registered 65 logged in, viewed a posted set of 50 digital colpophotographs, classified them for colposcopic impression and need for biopsy, and indicated the most appropriate site for biopsy with a left-button mouse click on the image. Results. Total biopsy failure rate, comprising both nonbiopsy and incorrect selection of biopsy site, was 0.20 in CIN1, 0.11 in CIN2, 0.09 in CIN3, and 0.02 in carcinoma. Errors in the selection of biopsy site were stable between 0.08 and 0.09 in the three grades of CIN while decreasing to 0.01 in carcinoma. In multivariate analysis, the risk of incorrect selection of biopsy site was 1.97 for CIN2, 2.52 for CIN3, and 0.29 for carcinoma versus CIN1. Conclusions. Although total biopsy failure rate decreased regularly with increasing severity of histological diagnosis, the rate of incorrect selection of biopsy site was stable up to CIN3. In multivariate analysis, CIN2 and CIN3 had an independently increased risk of incorrect selection of biopsy site. PMID:26180805

  6. A Numerical Procedure for Model Identifiability Analysis Applied to Enzyme Kinetics

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Daele, Timothy, Van; Van Hoey, Stijn; Gernaey, Krist

    2015-01-01

    The proper calibration of models describing enzyme kinetics can be quite challenging. In the literature, different procedures are available to calibrate these enzymatic models in an efficient way. However, in most cases the model structure is already decided on prior to the actual calibration...... and Pronzato (1997) and which can be easily set up for any type of model. In this paper the proposed approach is applied to the forward reaction rate of the enzyme kinetics proposed by Shin and Kim(1998). Structural identifiability analysis showed that no local structural model problems were occurring......) identifiability problems. By using the presented approach it is possible to detect potential identifiability problems and avoid pointless calibration (and experimental!) effort....

  7. Residual disease and HPV persistence after cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 in HIV-positive women in Kenya.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo De Vuyst

    Full Text Available To assess residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3 disease and clearance of high-risk (hr human papillomavirus (HPV infections at 6 months after cryotherapy among HIV-positive women.Follow-up study.79 HIV-positive women received cryotherapy for CIN2/3 in Nairobi, Kenya, and underwent conventional cytology 6 months later. Biopsies were performed on high grade cytological lesions and hrHPV was assessed before (cervical cells and biopsy and after cryotherapy (cells.At 6 months after cryotherapy CIN2/3 had been eliminated in 61 women (77.2%; 95% Confidence Interval, (CI: 66.4-85.9. 18 women (22.8% had residual CIN2/3, and all these women had hrHPV at baseline. CD4 count and duration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART were not associated with residual CIN2/3. CIN3 instead of CIN2 was the only significant risk factor for residual disease (odds ratio, OR vs CIN2 = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.2-15.0 among hrHPV-positive women after adjustment for age and HPV16 infection. Persistence of hrHPV types previously detected in biopsies was found in 77.5% of women and was associated with residual CIN2/3 (OR = 8.1, 95% CI: 0.9-70. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of hrHPV test in detecting residual CIN2/3 were 0.94, 0.36, and 0.96 respectively.Nearly one quarter of HIV-positive women had residual CIN2/3 disease at 6 months after cryotherapy, and the majority had persistent hrHPV. CD4 count and cART use were not associated with residual disease or hrHPV persistence. The value of hrHPV testing in the detection of residual CIN2/3 was hampered by a low specificity.

  8. Residual Disease and HPV Persistence after Cryotherapy for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3 in HIV-Positive Women in Kenya

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Vuyst, Hugo; Mugo, Nelly R.; Franceschi, Silvia; McKenzie, Kevin; Tenet, Vanessa; Njoroge, Julia; Rana, Farzana S.; Sakr, Samah R.; Snijders, Peter J. F.; Chung, Michael H.

    2014-01-01

    Objective To assess residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 disease and clearance of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections at 6 months after cryotherapy among HIV-positive women. Design Follow-up study. Methods 79 HIV-positive women received cryotherapy for CIN2/3 in Nairobi, Kenya, and underwent conventional cytology 6 months later. Biopsies were performed on high grade cytological lesions and hrHPV was assessed before (cervical cells and biopsy) and after cryotherapy (cells). Results At 6 months after cryotherapy CIN2/3 had been eliminated in 61 women (77.2%; 95% Confidence Interval, (CI): 66.4–85.9). 18 women (22.8%) had residual CIN2/3, and all these women had hrHPV at baseline. CD4 count and duration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were not associated with residual CIN2/3. CIN3 instead of CIN2 was the only significant risk factor for residual disease (odds ratio, OR vs CIN2 = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.2–15.0) among hrHPV-positive women after adjustment for age and HPV16 infection. Persistence of hrHPV types previously detected in biopsies was found in 77.5% of women and was associated with residual CIN2/3 (OR = 8.1, 95% CI: 0.9–70). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of hrHPV test in detecting residual CIN2/3 were 0.94, 0.36, and 0.96 respectively. Conclusions Nearly one quarter of HIV-positive women had residual CIN2/3 disease at 6 months after cryotherapy, and the majority had persistent hrHPV. CD4 count and cART use were not associated with residual disease or hrHPV persistence. The value of hrHPV testing in the detection of residual CIN2/3 was hampered by a low specificity. PMID:25343563

  9. Cinética de congelamento do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L. a baixas temperaturas Freezing kinetics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. at low temperatures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario E. R. M. Cavalcanti-Mata

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo neste trabalho foi obter as curvas de congelamento do feijão, cultivar 'gordo', nas temperaturas de -25, -50, -170 e -196 ºC e determinar sua difusividade térmica efetiva. Com vista à obtenção das curvas de congelamento das sementes nas temperaturas de -25 e -50 ºC utilizou-se um freezer criogênico horizontal; para a temperatura de -170 ºC, o vapor de nitrogênio e, para a temperatura de -196 ºC, as sementes foram submersas no nitrogênio líquido. Afim de expressar o comportamento cinético do congelamento das sementes de feijão, foi usado o modelo de Fourier levando-se em consideração o primeiro termo da série, além dos Modelos I e II de Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os três modelos representam satisfatoriamente os dados experimentais da cinética de congelamento; apesar disto, com o Modelo II de Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte se obtém o maior coeficiente de determinação. Constata-se também que, para congelar as sementes de feijão até atingir o equilíbrio térmico na temperatura de -25 ºC, o tempo necessário foi de 1200 min; em temperatura de -50 ºC o equilíbrio foi atingido com 480 min; a -170 ºC o equilíbrio se deu em 180 min e, a -196 ºC, em 30 min.The objective of this study was to obtain the freezing curves of beans, variety 'gordo' at temperatures of -25, -50, -170 and -196 ºC, and determine their effective thermal diffusivity. For the curves of freezing beans seeds at temperatures of -25 and -50 ºC a cryogenic horizontal freezer was used, for temperature of -170 ºC, nitrogen vapor was used and at temperature of -196 ºC seeds were submerged in liquid nitrogen. To express the kinetic behavior of the freezing of bean seeds, the Fourier model was used taking into account the first term of the series and; Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte model I and II. The results indicate that the three models satisfactorily represent the experimental data of the kinetics of freezing, though with

  10. Indoor Air Quality Problem Solving Tool

    Science.gov (United States)

    Use the IAQ Problem Solving Tool to learn about the connection between health complaints and common solutions in schools. This resource provides an easy, step-by-step process to start identifying and resolving IAQ problems found at your school.

  11. Equilibrium problems for Raney densities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forrester, Peter J.; Liu, Dang-Zheng; Zinn-Justin, Paul

    2015-07-01

    The Raney numbers are a class of combinatorial numbers generalising the Fuss-Catalan numbers. They are indexed by a pair of positive real numbers (p, r) with p > 1 and 0 0 and similarly use both methods to identify the equilibrium problem for (p, r) = (θ/q + 1, 1/q), θ > 0 and q \\in Z+ . The Wiener-Hopf method is used to extend the latter to parameters (p, r) = (θ/q + 1, m + 1/q) for m a non-negative integer, and also to identify the equilibrium problem for a family of densities with moments given by certain binomial coefficients.

  12. Interference of the antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin B with the action of various antibiotics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vorland, L H; Osbakk, S A; Perstølen, T; Ulvatne, H; Rekdal, O; Svendsen, J S; Gutteberg, T J

    1999-01-01

    The antimicrobial peptide, lactoferricin, can be generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of lactoferrin. We have examined the interaction of lactoferricin of bovine origin, Lf-cin B, with the antibiotics penicillin G, vancomycin, gentamicin, colistin, D-cycloserine and erythromycin against E. coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. We demonstrated synergism between Lf-cin B and erythromycin against E. coli, and partial synergism between Lf-cin B and penicillin G, vancomycin and gentamicin against E. coli. Only penicillin G acted in partial synergism with Lf-cin B against S. aureus. Lf-cin B antagonized vancomycin and gentamicin against S. aureus in low concentration. We conclude that Lf-cin B may facilitate the uptake of antibiotics across the cell envelope.

  13. Desidratação osmótica do mamão chileno (Vasconcellea pubescens) e influência da temperatura e concentração da solução sobre a cinética de transferência de matéria

    OpenAIRE

    Vega-Gálvez, Antonio; Palacios, Marlene; Boglio, Francisca; Pássaro, Catarina; Jeréz, Catalina; Lemus-Mondaca, Roberto

    2007-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la cinética de deshidratación osmótica de la papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens), utilizando dos variables experimentales: la temperatura (30, 40, 50 °C) y concentración (40, 50 y 60%) de la solución osmótica. Se determinó la variación de masa total, masa de agua y masa de sólidos solubles y se modeló con las ecuaciones difusionales, además en esta investigación se consideró y utilizó una modificación de la ecuación propuesta por Biswal-Bozorgmehr....

  14. The Impact of Human Papilloma Viruses, Matrix Metallo-Proteinases and HIV Protease Inhibitors on the Onset and Progression of Uterine Cervix Epithelial Tumors: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Barillari

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Infection of uterine cervix epithelial cells by the Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV is associated with the development of dysplastic/hyperplastic lesions, termed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN. CIN lesions may regress, persist or progress to invasive cervical carcinoma (CC, a leading cause of death worldwide. CIN is particularly frequent and aggressive in women infected by both HPV and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, as compared to the general female population. In these individuals, however, therapeutic regimens employing HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PI have reduced CIN incidence and/or clinical progression, shedding light on the mechanism(s of its development. This article reviews published work concerning: (i the role of HPV proteins (including HPV-E5, E6 and E7 and of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs in CIN evolution into invasive CC; and (ii the effect of HIV-PI on events leading to CIN progression such as basement membrane and extracellular matrix invasion by HPV-positive CIN cells and the formation of new blood vessels. Results from the reviewed literature indicate that CIN clinical progression can be monitored by evaluating the expression of MMPs and HPV proteins and they suggest the use of HIV-PI or their derivatives for the block of CIN evolution into CC in both HIV-infected and uninfected women.

  15. HPV E6/E7 RNA in situ hybridization signal patterns as biomarkers of three-tier cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mark F Evans

    Full Text Available Cervical lesion grading is critical for effective patient management. A three-tier classification (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grade 1, 2 or 3 based on H&E slide review is widely used. However, for reasons of considerable inter-observer variation in CIN grade assignment and for want of a biomarker validating a three-fold stratification, CAP-ASCCP LAST consensus guidelines recommend a two-tier system: low- or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL or HSIL. In this study, high-risk HPV E6/E7 and p16 mRNA expression patterns in eighty-six CIN lesions were investigated by RNAscope chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH. Specimens were also screened by immunohistochemistry for p16INK4a (clone E6H4, and by tyramide-based CISH for HPV DNA. HPV genotyping was performed by GP5+/6+ PCR combined with cycle-sequencing. Abundant high-risk HPV RNA CISH signals were detected in 26/32 (81.3% CIN 1, 22/22 (100% CIN 2 and in 32/32 (100% CIN 3 lesions. CIN 1 staining patterns were typified (67.7% specimens by abundant diffusely staining nuclei in the upper epithelial layers; CIN 2 lesions mostly (66.7% showed a combination of superficial diffuse-stained nuclei and multiple dot-like nuclear and cytoplasmic signals throughout the epithelium; CIN 3 lesions were characterized (87.5% by multiple dot-like nuclear and cytoplasmic signals throughout the epithelial thickness and absence/scarcity of diffusely staining nuclei (trend across CIN grades: P<0.0001. These data are consistent with productive phase HPV infections exemplifying CIN 1, transformative phase infections CIN 3, whereas CIN 2 shows both productive and transformative phase elements. Three-tier data correlation was not found for the other assays examined. The dual discernment of diffuse and/or dot-like signals together with the assay's high sensitivity for HPV support the use of HPV E6/E7 RNA CISH as an adjunct test for deciding lesion grade when CIN 2 grading may be beneficial (e

  16. Nintendo related injuries and other problems: review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jalink, Maarten B; Heineman, Erik; Pierie, Jean-Pierre E N; ten Cate Hoedemaker, Henk O

    2014-12-16

    To identify all reported cases of injury and other problems caused by using a Nintendo video gaming system. Review. Search of PubMed and Embase in June 2014 for reports on injuries and other problems caused by using a Nintendo gaming system. Most of the 38 articles identified were case reports or case series. Injuries and problems ranged from neurological and psychological to surgical. Traditional controllers with buttons were associated with tendinitis of the extensor of the thumb. The joystick on the Nintendo 64 controller was linked to palmar ulceration. The motion sensitive Wii remote was associated with musculoskeletal problems and various traumas. Most problems are mild and prevalence is low. The described injuries were related to the way the games are controlled, which varies according to the video game console. © Jalink et al 2014.

  17. Problem neurology residents: a national survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabby, David S; Majeed, Muhammed H; Schwartzman, Robert J

    2011-06-14

    Problem residents are found across most medical specialties at a prevalence of about 10%. This study was designed to explore the prevalence and causes of problem neurology residents and to compare neurology programs' responses and outcomes. Directors of 126 US neurology residency programs were sent an electronic survey. We collected data on demographics, first and all "identifiers" of problem residents, and year of training in which the problem was found. We asked about observable signs, etiology, and who performed remediation. We asked what resources were used and what outcomes occurred. Ninety-five program directors completed surveys (75% response rate). Almost all neurology programs have problem residents (81%). Age, sex, marital status, being a US native, or attending a US medical school had no effect on problem status. Being a parent carried a lower likelihood of problems (32%). Most commonly the problem is acted on during the first year of training. Faculty members without defined educational roles were the most frequent first identifiers. Program directors were the most common remediators. The most common remediation techniques were increasing supervision and assigning a faculty mentor. Graduate medical education office and psychiatric or psychological counseling services were most often used. Eleven percent of problem residents required a program for impaired physicians and 14% required a leave of absence. Sixteen percent were dismissed from their programs. The prevalence of problem residents in neurology is similar to other disciplines, and various resources are available to remediate them.

  18. Identifying phenomenal consciousness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schier, Elizabeth

    2009-03-01

    This paper examines the possibility of finding evidence that phenomenal consciousness is independent of access. The suggestion reviewed is that we should look for isomorphisms between phenomenal and neural activation spaces. It is argued that the fact that phenomenal spaces are mapped via verbal report is no problem for this methodology. The fact that activation and phenomenal space are mapped via different means does not mean that they cannot be identified. The paper finishes by examining how data addressing this theoretical question could be obtained.

  19. Cytotoxic T cells in chronic idiopathic neutropenia express restricted antigen receptors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mastrodemou, Semeli; Stalika, Evangelia; Vardi, Anna; Gemenetzi, Katerina; Spanoudakis, Michalis; Karypidou, Maria; Mavroudi, Irene; Hadzidimitriou, Anastasia; Stavropoulos-Giokas, Catherine; Papadaki, Helen A; Stamatopoulos, Kostas

    2017-12-01

    Chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) is an acquired disorder of granulopoiesis characterized by female predominance and mostly uncomplicated course. Crucial to CIN pathophysiology is the presence of activated T lymphocytes with myelosuppressive properties in both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). We systematically profiled the T cell receptor beta chain (TRB) gene repertoire in CD8 + cells of 34 CIN patients through subcloning/Sanger sequencing analysis of TRBV-TRBD-TRBJ gene rearrangements. Remarkable repertoire skewing and oligoclonality were observed, along with shared clonotypes between different patients, alluding to antigen selection. Cross-comparison of our sequence dataset with public TRB sequence databases revealed that CIN may rarely share common immunogenetic features with other entities, however, the CIN TRB repertoire is largely disease-biased. Overall, these findings suggest that CIN may be driven by long-term exposure to a restricted set of specific CIN-associated antigens.

  20. Structural Identifiability of Dynamic Systems Biology Models.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Villaverde, Alejandro F; Barreiro, Antonio; Papachristodoulou, Antonis

    2016-10-01

    A powerful way of gaining insight into biological systems is by creating a nonlinear differential equation model, which usually contains many unknown parameters. Such a model is called structurally identifiable if it is possible to determine the values of its parameters from measurements of the model outputs. Structural identifiability is a prerequisite for parameter estimation, and should be assessed before exploiting a model. However, this analysis is seldom performed due to the high computational cost involved in the necessary symbolic calculations, which quickly becomes prohibitive as the problem size increases. In this paper we show how to analyse the structural identifiability of a very general class of nonlinear models by extending methods originally developed for studying observability. We present results about models whose identifiability had not been previously determined, report unidentifiabilities that had not been found before, and show how to modify those unidentifiable models to make them identifiable. This method helps prevent problems caused by lack of identifiability analysis, which can compromise the success of tasks such as experiment design, parameter estimation, and model-based optimization. The procedure is called STRIKE-GOLDD (STRuctural Identifiability taKen as Extended-Generalized Observability with Lie Derivatives and Decomposition), and it is implemented in a MATLAB toolbox which is available as open source software. The broad applicability of this approach facilitates the analysis of the increasingly complex models used in systems biology and other areas.

  1. Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William T Silkworth

    Full Text Available Many cancer cells display a CIN (Chromosome Instability phenotype, by which they exhibit high rates of chromosome loss or gain at each cell cycle. Over the years, a number of different mechanisms, including mitotic spindle multipolarity, cytokinesis failure, and merotelic kinetochore orientation, have been proposed as causes of CIN. However, a comprehensive theory of how CIN is perpetuated is still lacking. We used CIN colorectal cancer cells as a model system to investigate the possible cellular mechanism(s underlying CIN. We found that CIN cells frequently assembled multipolar spindles in early mitosis. However, multipolar anaphase cells were very rare, and live-cell experiments showed that almost all CIN cells divided in a bipolar fashion. Moreover, fixed-cell analysis showed high frequencies of merotelically attached lagging chromosomes in bipolar anaphase CIN cells, and higher frequencies of merotelic attachments in multipolar vs. bipolar prometaphases. Finally, we found that multipolar CIN prometaphases typically possessed gamma-tubulin at all spindle poles, and that a significant fraction of bipolar metaphase/early anaphase CIN cells possessed more than one centrosome at a single spindle pole. Taken together, our data suggest a model by which merotelic kinetochore attachments can easily be established in multipolar prometaphases. Most of these multipolar prometaphase cells would then bi-polarize before anaphase onset, and the residual merotelic attachments would produce chromosome mis-segregation due to anaphase lagging chromosomes. We propose this spindle pole coalescence mechanism as a major contributor to chromosome instability in cancer cells.

  2. Laboratory audit as part of the quality assessment of a primary HPV-screening program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hortlund, Maria; Sundström, Karin; Lamin, Helena; Hjerpe, Anders; Dillner, Joakim

    2016-02-01

    As primary HPV screening programs are rolled out, methods are needed for routine quality assurance of HPV laboratory analyzes. To explore the use of similar design for audit as currently used in cytology-based screening, to estimate the clinical sensitivity to identify women at risk for CIN 3 or worse (CIN3+). Population-based cohort study conducted within the cervical screening program in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2011-2012. All women with histopathologically confirmed CIN3+ in the following two years were identified by registry analysis. Primary HPV and cytology screening results were collected. For women who had not been HPV tested, biobanked cytology samples were HPV-tested. If the original HPV result had been negative, the sample and subsequent biopsies were analyzed with broad HPV typing (general primer PCR and Luminex). 154 women had a biobanked prediagnostic cytology sample taken up to 2 years before a histopathologically confirmed CIN3+. The high-risk HPV-positivity was 97% (148/154 women), whereas 143/154 (94%) women had had a cytological abnormality. Among the six HPV-negative samples, one sample was HPV 33 positive in repeat testing whereas the other five cases were HPV-negative also on repeat testing, but HPV-positive in the subsequent tumor tissue. A sensitivity of the HPV test that is higher than the sensitivity of cytology suggests adequate quality of the testing. Regular audits of clinical sensitivity, similar to those of cytology-based screening, should be used also in HPV-based screening programs, in order to continuously monitor the performance of the analyzes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or invasive cancers in ASCUS women with different management: a population-based cohort study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tai, Yi Jou; Chen, Yun Yuan; Hsu, Huang Cheng; Chiang, Chun Ju; You, San Lin; Chen, Chi An; Cheng, Wen Fang

    2018-07-01

    To investigate the progression risk of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) with different clinical managements. Women with their first diagnosis of ASCUS cytology were retrieved from the national cervical cancer screening database and linked to the national health insurance research database to identify the management of these women. The incidences of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer (CIN3+) were calculated, and the hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Taiwan University Hospital and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02063152). There were total 69,741 women included. Various management strategies including colposcopy, cervical biopsies and/or endocervical curettage, and cryotherapy, failed to reduce the risk of subsequent CIN3+ compared with repeat cervical smears. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure/conization significantly decreased risk of subsequent CIN3+ lesions (HR=0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.07-0.68; p=0.010). Women in their 40s-50s had an approximately 30% risk reduction compared to other age groups. Women with a previous screening history >5 years from the present ASCUS diagnosis were at increased risk for CIN3+ (HR=1.24; 95% CI=1.03-1.49; p=0.020). In women of first-time ASCUS cytology, a program of repeat cytology can be an acceptable clinical option in low-resource settings. Caution should be taken especially in women with remote cervical screening history more than 5 years. Copyright © 2018. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology.

  4. Predictive validity of a service-setting-based measure to identify infancy mental health problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ammitzbøll, Janni; Thygesen, Lau Caspar; Holstein, Bjørn E

    2018-01-01

    logistic regression analyses adjusted and weighted to adjust for sampling and bias. CIMHS problems of sleep, feeding and eating, emotions, attention, communication, and language were associated with an up to fivefold increased risk of child mental disorders across the diagnostic spectrum of ICD-10...

  5. On the necessity of identifying the true parameter in adaptive LQ control

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Polderman, Jan W.

    1986-01-01

    In adaptive control problems one may drop the requirement of identifying the true system in order to simplify the problem of control. It will be shown that in the adaptive LQ control problem this does not at all lead to an easier problem.

  6. Oxidación de propileno sobre catalizadores Pt-Cu/y-alúmina. Segunda Parte: Cinética química de catalizadores de Pt-Cu/y-alúmina en la oxidación de propileno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis M. Carballo

    1999-09-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se trata el efecto de la composición de catalizadores de Pt-Cu/j-alúmína sobre la actividad superficial específica correspondiente a la oxidación total de propileno. Aunque la actividad del catalizador de Cu fue prácticamente nula, a las condiciones de operación, la actividad específica del catalizador Pt-Cu se incrementó con el aumento de la proporción contenida de Cu en el catalizador. La velocidad global total, por gramo de catalizador, también se incrementó con la introducción de Cu, pero únicamente a concentraciones medias y altas de propileno. La actividad superficial específica fue mayor para el catalizador sinterizado, para una composición dada del catalizador bimetálico, comparada con la del catalizador fresco (no sinterizado. Para explicar el comportamiento catalítico de la oxidación de propileno, sobre los catalizadores aquí estudiados, se postula que la molécula de propileno se adsorbe con menos fuerza sobre las caras que sobre las esquinas o bordes de los cristales del catalizador, y que el enlace de adsorción sobre un sitio de Pt dado se ve afectado por los átomos de Cu vecinos sobre la superficie causando cambios en la movilidad de las especies adsorbidas. Los resultados cinéticos revelan una dependencia compleja entre la velocidad de reacción y la concentración del propileno. A concentraciones bajas de propileno la velocidad de reacción se incrementó con la concentración hasta que alcanzó un máximo, para seguir con un decrecimiento marcado; y a concentraciones mayores de propileno la cinética de reacción se presenta como de orden cero con respecto al propileno, para unas concentraciones dadas de oxígen o.

  7. Influencia de los coadyuvantes tecnológicos utilizados en el proceso de elaboración de aceite de oliva sobre la cinética del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Borja Padilla, R.

    1992-08-01

    Full Text Available A kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater, which was obtained with the technological helper "Olivex" (Carbohydrase -pectinases, cellulases and hemicellulases- from the Aspergillus aculeatus was carried out. An identical wastewater, obtained without this enzymatic formulation was also used. The process was carried out in bioreactors with microorganisms immobilized on two micronized clay supports, Sepiolite and Bentonite. The methane volume-time data pairs obtained were used to calculate the specific rate constant, Ko, by using the Roediger's equation. A decrease of the specific rate constant value was observed over the substrate concentration studied when the volume of wastewater added was increased; this confirmed the occurrence of an inhibition process, which was more marked for the olive mill wastewater obtained with Olivex. The Levenspiel's model was used to obtain the inhibition constants of this process.

    Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia de un alpechín obtenido con el coadyuvante tecnológico "Olivex" (Carbohidrasa -pectinasas, celulasas y hemicelulasas- procedente de Aspergillus aculeatus en comparación con un testigo obtenido sin esta formulación enzimática. El proceso se ha realizado en biorreactores con microorganismos inmovilizados en dos soportes micronizados arcillosos, Sepiolita y Bentonita. A partir de los datos volumen de metano-tiempo, se calculan las constantes específicas de velocidad, Ko, utilizando la ecuación de Roediger. Dentro del rango de concentración de sustrato estudiado se observa una disminución de la constante cinética al aumentar el volumen de residuo añadido a los digestores lo que confirma la existencia de un proceso de inhibición, que es más acusado en el caso del alpechín obtenido con Olivex. Para determinar las constantes de inhibición del proceso se utiliza el modelo propuesto por Levenspiel.

  8. Solving Environmental Problems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ørding Olsen, Anders; Sofka, Wolfgang; Grimpe, Christoph

    2017-01-01

    for Research and Technological Development (FP7), our results indicate that the problem-solving potential of a search strategy increases with the diversity of existing knowledge of the partners in a consortium and with the experience of the partners involved. Moreover, we identify a substantial negative effect...... dispersed. Hence, firms need to collaborate. We shed new light on collaborative search strategies led by firms in general and for solving environmental problems in particular. Both topics are largely absent in the extant open innovation literature. Using data from the European Seventh Framework Program...

  9. Problem Based Learning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    de Graaff, Erik; Guerra, Aida

    , the key principles remain the same everywhere. Graaff & Kolmos (2003) identify the main PBL principles as follows: 1. Problem orientation 2. Project organization through teams or group work 3. Participant-directed 4. Experiental learning 5. Activity-based learning 6. Interdisciplinary learning and 7...... model and in general problem based and project based learning. We apply the principle of teach as you preach. The poster aims to outline the visitors’ workshop programme showing the results of some recent evaluations.......Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an innovative method to organize the learning process in such a way that the students actively engage in finding answers by themselves. During the past 40 years PBL has evolved and diversified resulting in a multitude in variations in models and practices. However...

  10. Variação diurna e resposta da cinética do VO2 de ciclistas durante exercício muito intenso Diurnal variation and Vo2 kinetic response of cyclists during heavy exercis e

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos G. Santana

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da hora do dia nos parâmetros da cinética do consumo de oxigênio de ciclistas durante exercício muito intenso. Nove voluntários do sexo masculino realizaram exercícios de carga constante às 08:00, 13:00 e 18:00 h, em dias diferentes. Estes exercícios foram realizados duas vezes em cada visita, com um intervalo de 1 h entre eles. A intensidade usada foi de 75%Δ (75% da diferença entre o VO2 no limiar de lactato e o VO2max. A amplitude do componente primário do VO2 (2597 ± 273 ml.min-1, 2513 ± 268 ml.min-1 e 2609 ± 370 ml.min-1, a constante de tempo do componente primário do VO2 (19.3 ± 2.5 s, 18.4 ± 3.0 s e 19.7 ± 3.9 s, o componente lento do VO2 (735 ± 81 ml.min-1, 764 ± 99 ml.min-1 e 680 ± 121 ml.min-1 e o tempo de resposta média (51.8 ± 4.2 s, 51.2 ± 4.2 s e 51.4 ± 3.4 s não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes horários do dia (08:00, 13:00 e 18:00 h, assim como os demais parâmetros da cinética do VO2. Estes resultados sugerem que a resposta da cinética do VO2 de ciclistas durante exercício muito intenso (75%Δ não é influenciada pela hora do dia.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the time of day on the parameters of oxygen uptake kinetics of trained cyclists during high intensity exercise. Nine male volunteers repeated bouts at constant loads at 08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h on different days. These exercise bouts were performed twice on each occasion, with an interval of 1 h between them. The load intensity used was 75%Δ (75% of the difference between the VO2 at the lactate threshold and the VO2max. The primary VO2 amplitude (2597 ± 273 ml.min-1, 2513 ± 268 ml.min-1 and 2609 ± 370 ml.min-1, the primary VO2 time constant (19.3 ± 2.5 s, 18.4 ± 3.0 s and 19.7 ± 3.9 s, the VO2 slow component (735 ± 81 ml.min-1, 764 ± 99 ml.min-1 and 680 ± 121 ml.min-1 and the mean response time (51.8 ± 4.2 s, 51

  11. "I'm Not Very Good at Solving Problems": An Exploration of Students' Problem Solving Behaviours

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muir, Tracey; Beswick, Kim; Williamson, John

    2008-01-01

    This paper reports one aspect of a larger study which looked at the strategies used by a selection of grade 6 students to solve six non-routine mathematical problems. The data revealed that the students exhibited many of the behaviours identified in the literature as being associated with novice and expert problem solvers. However, the categories…

  12. Impact of minimum contrast media volumes during elective percutaneous coronary intervention for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ebisawa, Soichiro; Kurita, Tairo; Tanaka, Nobuyoshi; Nasu, Kenya; Kimura, Masashi; Ito, Tatsuya; Kinoshita, Yoshihisa; Tsuchikane, Etsuo; Terashima, Mitsuyasu; Suzuki, Takahiko

    2016-01-01

    Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important complication following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinical importance of a minimum contrast media volume (CMV) for PCI to prevent CIN has not been well evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of minimum CMV to prevent CIN after PCI. In this study, 2052 consecutive patients who underwent elective PCI in our institute were analyzed. We divided patients into two groups according to CMV: a minimum CMV PCI group [CMV ≤50 ml (n = 94)] and a non-minimum CMV PCI group [CMV >50 ml (n = 1958)]. CIN occurred in 160 (7.8 %) patients. The incidence of CIN was significantly lower in the minimum CMV PCI group than in the non-minimum CMV PCI group (2.1 vs. 8.1 %; P = 0.03). According to multivariate analysis, elderly patients and diabetes mellitus patients were at high risk of developing CIN in this study population. When analyzing only high-risk patients, the incidence of CIN was also significantly lower in the minimum CMV group than in the non-minimum CMV group (2.6 vs. 10.3 %; P = 0.03). Minimum CMV PCI could reduce the incidence of CIN, particularly in high-risk patients; as such, defining the minimum CMV clinical cut-off values may be useful for the prevention of CIN.

  13. Threshold Concepts in the Development of Problem-solving Skills

    OpenAIRE

    Shelly Wismath; Doug Orr; Bruce MacKay

    2015-01-01

    Problem-solving skills are often identified as a key component of 21st century education. This study collected data from students enrolled in a university-level Liberal Education science course called Problems and Puzzles, which introduced students to the theory and practice of problem solving via puzzles. Based on classroom observation and other qualitative data collected over three semesters, we have identified three significant changes in student behaviour at specific points in the course....

  14. Estimação de parâmetros da cinética de trânsito de partículas em bovinos sob pastejo por diferentes seqüências amostrais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Detmann Edenio

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a capacidade de ajustamento de um modelo não-linear no processo de estimação dos parâmetros da cinética de trânsito de partículas de bovinos em pastejo, empregando-se diferentes seqüências de amostragem fecal. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos F1 Limousin x Nelore, fistulados no esôfago e rúmen, sob pastejo de Brachiaria decumbens, com suplementação concentrada, durante o período das águas. O experimento constituiu de três períodos experimentais, conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados. Empregou-se como indicador o cromo mordante, produzido a partir de amostras de extrusa. Ajustou-se às curvas de excreção fecal do indicador o modelo duplo exponencial tempo-dependente, empregando-se as seguintes seqüências amostrais: SEQ 1 - 22 coletas (seqüência amostral completa; SEQ 2 e SEQ 3 - 17 coletas (redução de pontos de coleta nas fases ascendente e descendente da curva, respectivamente; e SEQ 4 e SEQ 5 - 13 e 10 coletas fecais (redução do número de coletas em todo o perfil da curva. As seqüências reduzidas foram produzidas a partir da omissão de pontos específicos da seqüência amostral completa (SEQ 1. A comparação entre as estimativas dos parâmetros cinéticos e da excreção fecal; a análise descritiva do número de iterações necessário à convergência do modelo e do coeficiente de determinação; e a avaliação de falta de ajustamento não apontaram diferenças entre as seqüências. A análise residual apontou, contudo, melhorias quanto ao comportamento gráfico e perfil de corridas de sinal dos resíduos com a redução do número de coletas para SEQ 4 e SEQ 5. Em função de pequena perda de eficiência, avaliada frente à variância residual, observada em SEQ 5, recomenda-se o emprego de 13 coletas fecais (SEQ 4 para avaliação da curva de excreção fecal do indicador em estudos desta natureza.

  15. Parámetros cinéticos como herramienta para la caracterización de aislados de Aspergillus sección Nigri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Silvina Sobrero

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Las especies de Aspergillus dentro de la sección Nigri son importantes en procesos biotecnológicos, así como en el biodeterioro. Bajos condiciones de cultivo controladas, la velocidad de crecimiento es una característica de las especies de hongos y algunos autores utilizan la medida del diámetro de las colonias como herramienta de identificación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la velocidad de crecimiento obtenida por la Microbiología Predictiva puede ser utilizada como herramienta para la caracterización de aspergilos negros. Se construyeron las curvas de crecimiento de 5 aislados de aspergilos negros obtenidos de alimentos y ambiente de industria láctea. Estos aislados, también fueron estudiados por sus características morfológicas y estudios de microscopía electrónica. Se identificaron como A. awamori, A. niger (2 aislados, A. foetidus y A. carbonarius. Las velocidades máximas de crecimiento en medio Agar Extracto de Malta a 25 ºC fueron: 3,51; 4,85; 4,52; 12,73; y 5,84 mm/día, respectivamente. A foetidus fue el único que presentó fase de latencia y alcanzó el mayor radio. Con la ayuda de la Microbiología Predictiva se pudieron separar A. awamori de A. foetidus, perolas diferencias no fueron significativas (p > 0,05 para los otros aislados. Los caracteres morfológicos permitieron diferenciar a A. carbonarius. Los datos cinéticos por sí solos no fueron suficientes para diferenciar especies cercanas.

  16. Local lymphocytes and nitric oxide synthase in the uterine cervical stroma of patients with grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cléber Sergio da Silva

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Precancerous and cancerous cells can trigger an immune response that may limit tumor development and can be used as a prognostic marker. The aims of the present study were to quantify the presence of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS in the cervical stroma of women with grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III or in the intratumoral and peritumoral tissue of women with stage I invasive carcinoma. METHODS: Cervical tissue specimens were obtained from 60 women (20 each from control tissues, CIN III and invasive carcinomas. The average ages in the control, CIN III and invasive groups were 43.9 (± 4.3, 35.5 (± 9.5, and 50 (± 11.2 years, respectively. The specimens were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to identify T lymphocytes (CD3, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8, B lymphocytes (CD20, macrophages (CD68 and iNOS. We evaluated the markers in the stroma above the squamocolumnar junction (control, at the intraepithelial lesion (CIN cases, and in the nfiltrating tumor. Two independent observers performed the immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages and iNOS were present more frequently (P<0.05 in the stroma of peritumoral invasive tumors compared to the controls and intratumoral invasive cancer samples. CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes were present more frequently in CIN III patients compared to samples from patients with intratumoral invasive cancer (P<0.05. CONCLUSION: High numbers of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and iNOS-expressing cells in the peritumoral stroma of the invasive tumors were observed. Cell migration appeared to be proportional to the progression of the lesion.

  17. Hybrid capture vs. PCR screening of cervical human papilloma virus infections. Cytological and histological associations in 1270 women

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsiodras, Sotirios; Georgoulakis, John; Chranioti, Aikaterini; Voulgaris, Zanis; Psyrri, Amanda; Tsivilika, Angeliki; Panayiotides, John; Karakitsos, Petros

    2010-01-01

    We evaluated two molecular methods of HPV detection and their correlation with cytological and histological diagnosis in a large sample of Greek women. All women with liquid-based cytology performed at a University Hospital between 2000 and 2003 were included. The Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) kit and in house Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used for HPV DNA detection. Cervical biopsy was performed for women with ASCUS+ cytology, HPV detection, or abnormal colposcopy. Positive (PLR) and negative (NLR) likelihood ratios were calculated for cytology and HPV molecular testing for the prediction of CIN2 and greater histology. Of the 1270 women evaluated 241 (18.5%) had abnormal cytology. Cytology diagnosed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive carcinoma in 21(1.7%) cases whereas 26 (2%) women had CIN2+ or greater histology. PCR detected HPV in 397/1270 (31.3%) and HC2 in 260/1270 (20.4%) samples. Both molecular tests exhibited high reproducibility (Cohen's kappa value 0.691, 95% CI: 0.664 - 0.718). Positive likelihood ratios (PLR) of 9.4, 3.8 and 3.4 and negative likelihood ratios of 0.13, 0.21, and 0 were noted for ≥ LSIL, any positive HC2 or any positive PCR-HPV testing, for predicting CIN2+ histology, respectively. All CIN 3+ lesions harbored high risk oncogenic HPV type infections. HPV infection was found in a large proportion of this population and was associated with CIN 2/3 lesions and infiltrating carcinomas. Thin prep testing and HPV detection by HC2 or PCR performed very well with regards to identifying high grade lesions in an environment with experienced examiners

  18. Clinical significance of serum anti-human papillomavirus 16 and 18 antibodies in cervical neoplasia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chay, Doo Byung; Cho, Hanbyoul; Kim, Bo Wook; Kang, Eun Suk; Song, Eunseop; Kim, Jae-Hoon

    2013-02-01

    To estimate the clinical significance of serum anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies and high-risk cervical HPV DNA in cervical neoplasia. The study population comprised patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n=64), CIN 2 and 3 (n=241), cervical cancer (n=170), and normal control participants (n=975). Cervical HPV DNA tests were performed through nucleic acid hybridization assay tests, and serum anti-HPV 16 and 18 antibodies were measured by competitive immunoassay. The associations of HPV DNA and anti-HPV antibodies were evaluated with demographic characteristics and compared according to the levels of disease severity. Anti-HPV antibodies were also investigated with clinicopathologic parameters, including survival data. Among various demographic characteristics, factors involving sexual behavior had a higher tendency of HPV DNA positivity and HPV seropositivity. Human papillomavirus DNA mean titer and positivity were both increased in patients with cervical neoplasia compared with those with normal control participants, but there was no statistical difference among types of cervical neoplasia. Serum anti-HPV 16 antibodies were also able to differentiate cervical neoplasia from a normal control participant and furthermore distinguished CIN 1 from CIN 2 and 3 (odd ratio 2.87 [1.43-5.78], P=.002). In cervical cancer, HPV 16 seropositivity was associated with prolonged disease-free survival according to the univariable analysis (hazard ratio=0.12 [0.01-0.94], P=.044). Serum anti-HPV 16 antibodies can distinguish cervical neoplasia from a normal control and has the advantage of identifying high-grade CIN. Moreover, in cervical cancer, HPV 16 seropositivity may be associated with a more favorable prognosis. II.

  19. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with single bolus erythropoietin in patients with diabetic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shema-Didi, Lilach; Kristal, Batya; Eizenberg, Sarit; Marzuq, Nabil; Sussan, Majdy; Feldman-Idov, Yulie; Ofir, Pnina; Atar, Shaul

    2016-04-01

    Contrast-induced-nephropathy (CIN) is associated with poor outcomes, thus prevention of CIN may be of clinical value. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to elicit tissue-protective effects in experimental models and in clinical studies of acute kidney injury. We therefore evaluated its effectiveness for prevention of CIN after coronary angiography (CA) ± percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was carried out in 138 diabetic patients with eGFR <60 mL/min who underwent non-urgent CA ± PCI. Patients received normal saline and n-acetyl cysteine before CA, with or without 50,000 U of EPO administered 30 min prior to CA. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 0.5 mg/dL during the first 2 days after exposure to contrast media. Primary outcome was the incidence of CIN. Secondary outcomes were the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of Cystatin C (CC) and Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated-lipocalin (NGAL) for diagnosis of CIN. The observed incidence of CIN was 8.7%, significantly lower than the expected for such high-risk population. The administration of EPO prior to CA did not reduce the incidence of CIN (9.7% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.65). CC and NGAL demonstrated a low sensitivity (16.6%) and low PPV (6.7 and 33.3%, respectively) for detecting CIN. The administration of EPO prior to CA did not reduce the incidence of CIN. Additional prospective research with a larger sample size and in other patient categories is essential to further define the potential protective effect of EPO on prevention of CIN. © 2015 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology.

  20. Immunohistochemical study of p16 INK4A and survivin expressions in cervical squamous neoplasm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tan Geok

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting Malaysian women. Despite the implementation of pap smear screening, many women are still diagnosed only in the advanced stage of cervical cancer. This could partly be due to failure of detection of its precursor lesions; hence the need to search for novel biomarkers to assist in the screening and diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. This study aims to determine the expression of p16INK4A and survivin as possible predictive biomarkers in cervical squamous neoplasm. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study on 201 cases of cervical neoplasm comprising of 129 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN and 72 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC. All samples were evaluated by two independent observers using p16INK4A and survivin monoclonal antibodies. The p16 INK4A expression was graded as negative, focal and diffuse positivity. The intensity for survivin expression was graded as weak, moderate and intense. Results: It is seen that p16 INK4A expression in CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 were 25.4%, 42.9% and 95.9% respectively. Majority of SCC (98.6% showed p16 INK4A expression. Survivin expressions in CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and SCC were 56.7%, 33.4%, 87.5% and 98.6%. There was a linear relationship between increasing grade of CIN and p16 INK4A expressions. Conclusion: Our study showed that p16 INK4A expressions correlate well with the increasing grade of CIN. Although survivin does not correlate well to the increasing grade of CIN, it could be useful in differentiating CIN 3 from SCC.

  1. Assessing student written problem solutions: A problem-solving rubric with application to introductory physics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Docktor, Jennifer L.; Dornfeld, Jay; Frodermann, Evan; Heller, Kenneth; Hsu, Leonardo; Jackson, Koblar Alan; Mason, Andrew; Ryan, Qing X.; Yang, Jie

    2016-06-01

    Problem solving is a complex process valuable in everyday life and crucial for learning in the STEM fields. To support the development of problem-solving skills it is important for researchers and curriculum developers to have practical tools that can measure the difference between novice and expert problem-solving performance in authentic classroom work. It is also useful if such tools can be employed by instructors to guide their pedagogy. We describe the design, development, and testing of a simple rubric to assess written solutions to problems given in undergraduate introductory physics courses. In particular, we present evidence for the validity, reliability, and utility of the instrument. The rubric identifies five general problem-solving processes and defines the criteria to attain a score in each: organizing problem information into a Useful Description, selecting appropriate principles (Physics Approach), applying those principles to the specific conditions in the problem (Specific Application of Physics), using Mathematical Procedures appropriately, and displaying evidence of an organized reasoning pattern (Logical Progression).

  2. « L'État de tous les spectateurs » “The State of all spectators” Thinking up the publics in the Khrushchev reforms of Soviet film distribution (1953-1968

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irina Tcherneva

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Au début des années 1950, le monde du cinéma est un des domaines où se déploient les projets réformateurs du gouvernement soviétique : développement économique de la production et de la distribution; modernisation et remise à niveau des conditions de projection. La formule n'est plus tabou, l'administration cinématographique l'affirme publiquement : « Le cinéma est aussi un commerce ». Les mesures réformatrices se voient ainsi justifiées par la dénonciation, par les spectateurs, de l'inefficacité esthétique et économique du cinéma  de la fin de l'époque stalinienne. Les plans financiers des salles de cinéma étant fondés sur un nombre absolu de spectateurs et de séances organisées, l'administration cherche à définir la figure du spectateur soviétique au regard des publics occidentaux. Les méthodes de mobilisation des spectateurs, qui datent des années 1920, sont également reprises afin d'identifier la demande. La tentative de rétablir un lien entre la diffusion et la production révèle une mauvaise connaissance des préférences des spectateurs, des résistances structurelles de l'institution cinématographique, et la persistance  des valeurs quant au rôle social qu'est censé jouer le cinéma  en URSS.In the beginning of the 1950s, the cinema is one of the spheres where the Soviet government undertakes reform projects: an economic development of production and distribution systems, but also a modernization of equipment and the levelling of the conditions of projection. The definition is not taboo any more, Soviet administration claims it in public: “The cinema is also a trade sphere”. The authorities justify these new political axes by spectators’ denunciation of the aesthetic and economic ineffectiveness of the Soviet cinema of the late Stalinist period. The movie theatres’ and the studios’ financial plans are based on the absolute number of spectators and screenings. So they try to redefine

  3. Identifiability in N-mixture models: a large-scale screening test with bird data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kéry, Marc

    2018-02-01

    Binomial N-mixture models have proven very useful in ecology, conservation, and monitoring: they allow estimation and modeling of abundance separately from detection probability using simple counts. Recently, doubts about parameter identifiability have been voiced. I conducted a large-scale screening test with 137 bird data sets from 2,037 sites. I found virtually no identifiability problems for Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) binomial N-mixture models, but negative-binomial (NB) models had problems in 25% of all data sets. The corresponding multinomial N-mixture models had no problems. Parameter estimates under Poisson and ZIP binomial and multinomial N-mixture models were extremely similar. Identifiability problems became a little more frequent with smaller sample sizes (267 and 50 sites), but were unaffected by whether the models did or did not include covariates. Hence, binomial N-mixture model parameters with Poisson and ZIP mixtures typically appeared identifiable. In contrast, NB mixtures were often unidentifiable, which is worrying since these were often selected by Akaike's information criterion. Identifiability of binomial N-mixture models should always be checked. If problems are found, simpler models, integrated models that combine different observation models or the use of external information via informative priors or penalized likelihoods, may help. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America.

  4. Performance of ProEx C and PreTect HPV-Proofer E6/E7 mRNA tests in comparison with the hybrid capture 2 HPV DNA test for triaging ASCUS and LSIL cytology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alaghehbandan, Reza; Fontaine, Daniel; Bentley, James; Escott, Nicholas; Ghatage, Prafull; Lear, Adrian; Coutlee, Francois; Ratnam, Samuel

    2013-09-01

    The clinical usefulness of the ProEx C (Becton Dickinson) and PreTect HPV-Proofer E6/E7 mRNA tests (Proofer; Norchip) for the triage of ASCUS and LSIL cytology was determined in comparison with the Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA test (HC2; Qiagen). The study population consisted of women with a history of abnormal cytology referred to colposcopy. Histology-confirmed CIN 2+ served as the disease endpoint. The study was based on 1,360 women (mean age 30.7 years), of whom 380 had CIN 2+. Among 315 with ASCUS (CIN 2+, n = 67), the sensitivities of ProEx C, Proofer, and HC2 to detect CIN 2+ were, 71.6, 71.6, and 95.5%, respectively, with a corresponding specificity of 74.6, 74.2, and 35.1%. Among 363 with LSIL (CIN 2+, n = 108), the sensitivities of ProEx C, Proofer, and HC2 were, 67.6, 74.1, and 96.3%, respectively, with a corresponding specificity of 60, 68.2, and 18.4%. Among 225 HC2-positive ASCUS (CIN 2+, n = 64), 105 tested positive by ProEx C, reducing colposcopy referral by 53.3% and detecting 71.9% of CIN 2+; Proofer was positive in 112/225, reducing colposcopy referral by 50.2% and detecting 75.0% of CIN 2+. Among 312 HC2-positive LSIL (CIN 2+, n = 104), 160 tested positive by ProEx C, reducing coloposcopy referral by 48.7% and detecting 66.3% of CIN 2+; Proofer was positive in 159/312, reducing colposcopy referral by 49.0% and detecting 75.0% of CIN 2+. In conclusion, both ProEx C and Proofer have a similar performance profile with a significantly higher specificity but lower sensitivity than HC2 for the detection of CIN 2+. Consequently, although they can reduce colposcopy referral, they will miss a proportion of CIN 2+ cases. This is a major limitation and should be taken into account if these tests are considered for ASCUS or LSIL triage. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.

  5. Incidence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Denmark

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thorsteinsson, Kristina; Ladelund, Steen; Jensen-Fangel, Søren

    2014-01-01

    and hazard ratios (HRs) for time from inclusion to first cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/ICC and time from first normal cervical cytology to first CIN/ICC were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to include prior screening outcome, screening intensity and treatment of CIN......INTRODUCTION: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are reportedly at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). WLWH in Denmark attend the National ICC screening program less often than women in the general population. We aimed to estimate the incidence of cervical dysplasia and ICC in WLWH...... with normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN1+ and CIN2+ were higher in WLWH. However, incidences were comparable between WLWH and controls adherent to the National ICC screening program. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, WLWH develop more cervical disease than controls. However, incidences of CIN are comparable...

  6. Datos experimentales de la cinética del secado y del modelo matemático para pulpa de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum en rodajas Kinetic drying experimental data and mathematical model for cupuaçu pulp (Theobroma grandiflora slices

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abraham Damian Giraldo-Zuniga

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo fueron obtenidos experimentalmente la cinética del secado de la pulpa de cupuaçu en forma de rodajas con espesor de 0,5 cm. El secado fue realizado utilizándose un secador laboratorial de bandejas, a las temperaturas de 50, 60 y 70 ºC y a la velocidad del aire de secado de 1,5 m/s. De acuerdo con los datos de la cinética del secado se puede observar que cuanto mayor es la temperatura del secado mayor es la velocidad del secado. El tiempo requerido para secar el producto hasta una humedad del 20%, fueron 9,2, 8,1 y 7,3 horas para las temperaturas de secado de 50, 60 y 70 ºC respectivamente. Las curvas experimentales del secado fueron ajustados al modelo difusional de Fick considerándose la muestra como una lámina infinita y al modelo de Page. Los dos modelos se ajustaron bien a los datos experimentales. Los coeficientes de difusión del modelo de Fick variaron de 1.171 a 1.561 m/s².This work examined experimentally the kinetics of drying cupuaçu pulp (Theobroma grandiflorum slices. The experimental runs were driven in a laboratory dryer, at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC and an air drying velocity of 1.5 m/s. According to the kinetics study, increasing the temperature led to a decrease in drying time. The required drying times were 9.2, 8.1 and 7.3 hours for drying temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC respectively. The experimental drying curves were adjusted to Fick's diffusional model for an infinite lamina with shrinkage and Page model. The diffusion coefficients of the Fick model varied between 1.171 and 1.561 m/s².

  7. Problem Solving Methods in Engineering Design

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hartvig, Susanne C

    1999-01-01

    This short paper discusses typical engineering tasks and problem solving methods, based on a field study of engineering tasks at a Danish engineering firm. The field study has identified ten classes of design tasks and in this paper these classes are related to problem solving methods. The descri...

  8. Adaptation of Social Problem Solving for Children Questionnaire in 6 Age Groups and its Relationships with Preschool Behavior Problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dereli-Iman, Esra

    2013-01-01

    Social Problem Solving for Child Scale is frequently used to determine behavioral problems of children with their own word and to identify ways of conflict encountered in daily life, and interpersonal relationships in abroad. The primary purpose of this study was to adapt the Wally Child Social Problem-Solving Detective Game Test. In order to…

  9. Avaliação de um reator de lodo ativado aplicado à nitrificação utilizando ensaios cinéticos = Evaluation of an activated sludge reactor applied to nitrification using kinetic assays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valeria Reginatto

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, um reator em escala laboratorial de lodo ativado, aplicado ao processo da nitrificação, foi acompanhado por meio de ensaios cinéticos de atividade específica. A atividade de nitrificação da biomassa foi determinada por respirometria nacaracterização do inóculo e na avaliação da biomassa do reator em duas condições: durante a alimentação do reator com meio sintético autotrófico; e após a sua alimentação com efluente de um reator UASB, utilizado para desnitrificação. O reator atingiu uma eficiência em torno de 90% de nitrificação em ambas as condições de operação. O modelo cinético de Andrews, que inclui uma constante da inibição pelo substrato (Ki, ajustou-se melhor aos resultados obtidos nos testes de atividade do que o de Monod. Entretanto, observou-se aumento daconstante de inibição (Ki do lodo após operação do reator em relação ao inóculo, demonstrando a adaptação da biomassa às novas condições (cargas de nitrificação.In this work, an activated sludge lab-scale reactor used fornitrification was monitored by specific activity kinetic assays. The nitrification biomass activity was carried out by respirometric methods in order to characterize the inoculum and the reactor sludge after two different operation conditions: during the feeding of the reactor with synthetic autotrophic medium, and after feeding it with effluent from an UASB reactor used for denitrification. The efficiency of nitrification reached 90% in both operation conditions. Results obtained by the kinetic activity assays were better adjusted by the kinetic model of Andrews, which includes the inhibition constant by the substrate (Ki, than the Monod model. However, an increase was observed in the inhibition constant (Ki of the sludge after the operation of the reactor as compared with the inoculum. This effect demonstrates an adaptation of the biomass to the new nitrification conditions (loading rate.

  10. Threshold Concepts in the Development of Problem-solving Skills

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shelly Wismath

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Problem-solving skills are often identified as a key component of 21st century education. This study collected data from students enrolled in a university-level Liberal Education science course called Problems and Puzzles, which introduced students to the theory and practice of problem solving via puzzles. Based on classroom observation and other qualitative data collected over three semesters, we have identified three significant changes in student behaviour at specific points in the course. These changes can be posited to reveal three underlying threshold concepts in the evolution and establishment of students’ problem-solving skills.

  11. Identifying and attributing common data quality problems: temperature and precipitation observations in Bolivia and Peru

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hunziker, Stefan; Gubler, Stefanie; Calle, Juan; Moreno, Isabel; Andrade, Marcos; Velarde, Fernando; Ticona, Laura; Carrasco, Gualberto; Castellón, Yaruska; Oria Rojas, Clara; Brönnimann, Stefan; Croci-Maspoli, Mischa; Konzelmann, Thomas; Rohrer, Mario

    2016-04-01

    Assessing climatological trends and extreme events requires high-quality data. However, for many regions of the world, observational data of the desired quality is not available. In order to eliminate errors in the data, quality control (QC) should be applied before data analysis. If the data still contains undetected errors and quality problems after QC, a consequence may be misleading and erroneous results. A region which is seriously affected by observational data quality problems is the Central Andes. At the same time, climatological information on ongoing climate change and climate risks are of utmost importance in this area due to its vulnerability to meteorological extreme events and climatic changes. Beside data quality issues, the lack of metadata and the low station network density complicate quality control and assessment, and hence, appropriate application of the data. Errors and data problems may occur at any point of the data generation chain, e.g. due to unsuitable station configuration or siting, poor station maintenance, erroneous instrument reading, or inaccurate data digitalization and post processing. Different measurement conditions in the predominantly conventional station networks in Bolivia and Peru compared to the mostly automated networks e.g. in Europe or Northern America may cause different types of errors. Hence, applying QC methods used on state of the art networks to Bolivian and Peruvian climate observations may not be suitable or sufficient. A comprehensive amount of Bolivian and Peruvian maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation in-situ measurements were analyzed to detect and describe common data quality problems. Furthermore, station visits and reviews of the original documents were done. Some of the errors could be attributed to a specific source. Such information is of great importance for data users, since it allows them to decide for what applications the data still can be used. In ideal cases, it may even allow to

  12. [Genotyping of oncogenic human papilloma viruses in women with HG SIL diagnosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kedzia, Witold; Pruski, Dominik; Józefiak, Agata; Rokita, Wojciech; Spaczyński, Marek

    2010-10-01

    Development of primary prevention of cervical cancer in other words a vaccination against selected, oncogenic HPV types, entails an increasing importance of epidemiological studies and prevalence of various types of human papilloma virus. The incidence of HPV varies depending on the geographic location of the population. The effectiveness of primary prevention against HPV 16, 18, in the context of reducing the incidence of cervical cancer will depend, among others, on the prevalence of these types in the population and virus-like antigens, which are partially cross-resistant. Identification of the most frequent, oncogenic HPV types in women with HG SIL diagnosis from Central and Western Poland to assess the merits of the development of primary prevention. For the purpose of molecular tests identifying the presence of 13 DNA oncogenic virus types, swabs were taken with the cyto-brush from 76 women diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3 (HG SIL). Patients eligible for the study were diagnosed at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Uterine Cervix, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital of Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences. Patients came from Central and Western parts of Poland. Cell material in which the method of Amplicor HPV (Roche Diagnostics) identified the presence of DNA of oncogenic HPV types was in each case subsequently subjected to genotyping using the molecular test - Linear Array HPV Genotyping (Roche Diagnostics). Five most common oncogenic HPV types in order of detection included: 16, 33, 18, 31, 56. Together these five types of virus comprised 75.86% (88/116) of all detected HPV types. 1. In women from Central and Western Poland, diagnosed with HG SIL, the most common HPV genotypes were HPV 16, HPV33, HPV 18, HPV31, HPV56. 2. Two HPV types 16 and 18, against which vaccinations are directed, belong to the group of three genotypes of HPV most commonly identified in the evolution of CIN 2, CIN 3 diagnosed in women from Central and Western

  13. Problems of Turkish Librarianship and Problems for Solution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    İrfan Çakın

    1993-09-01

    Full Text Available Report presented to the Librarianship, Documentation and Archives Committee of the UNESCO Turkish National Commission, identifies environmental factors, the notion of library and librarianship in the society, and the low profile of librarians as main sources of problems. The society still sees the librarian as the protector of books. The value given to the profession is, thus, limited to such a narrow understanding of the profession, which leads to low payment and insufficient resource allocation to the libraries. Main field of activity, that is, the pro\\ision of information is expected from documentation and information centres. Library and information work cannot be separated from each other. The proposals for solution of the problems include improvement of professional education, legal provisions, and reorganiztion of professional organizations.

  14. The Aalborg Model and The Problem

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Qvist, Palle

    To know the definition of a problem in is an important implication for the possibility to identify and formulate the problem1, the starting point of the learning process in the Aalborg Model2 3. For certification it has been suggested that: A problem grows out of students’ wondering within differ...... – a wondering - that something is different from what is expected, something novel and unexpected or inexplicable; astonishment mingled with perplexity or bewildered curiosity?...

  15. Clustering problems for geochemical data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kane, V.E.; Larson, N.M.

    1977-01-01

    The Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division, Uranium Resource Evaluation Project uses a two-stage sampling program to identify potential uranium districts. Cluster analysis techniques are used in locating high density sampling areas as well as in identifying potential uranium districts. Problems are considered involving the analysis of multivariate censored data, laboratory measurement error, and data standardization

  16. Retrospective study of the influence of HPV persistence on outcomes among women with high-risk HPV infections and negative cytology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bogani, Giorgio; Taverna, Francesca; Lombardo, Claudia; Borghi, Chiara; Martinelli, Fabio; Signorelli, Mauro; Leone Roberti Maggiore, Umberto; Chiappa, Valentina; Scaffa, Cono; Ditto, Antonino; Lorusso, Domenica; Raspagliesi, Francesco

    2017-07-01

    To evaluate the outcomes of women diagnosed with high-risk HPV without cytology evidence of cervical dysplasia. The present retrospective observational study enrolled consecutive women aged at least 18 years diagnosed with high-risk HPV types with negative cytology results at the National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015. The development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was assessed. There were 212 patients with high-risk HPV infections with negative cytology included in the analysis. After a mean ± SD follow-up period of 48 ± 33 months, 65 (30.7%) and 26 (12.3%) patients had developed cytologic or histologic cervical dysplasia (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]/CIN1+) and high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN2+), respectively. No patients had invasive cancer. No correlations were observed between type-specific HPV infections and LSIL/CIN1+ and CIN2+. HPV persistence correlated with both LSIL/CIN1+ (P<0.001) and CIN2+ (P<0.001) in univariate analyses; a 6-month increase in HPV persistence was associated with increased risk of developing LSIL/CIN1+ (P=0.010) and CIN2+ (P=0.012) in multivariate analyses. Regardless of cytology findings, patients diagnosed with high-risk HPV types should receive strict colposcopy follow-up, particularly with persistent HPV infections. Further prospective studies are needed to defined optimal surveillance strategies for these patients. © 2017 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

  17. Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in young women in the Mitte district, Berlin, Germany.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blohmer, J U; Schmalisch, G; Klette, I; Grineisen, Y; Kohls, A; Guski, H; Lichtenegger, W

    1999-01-01

    To investigate whether the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), in particular of high grade CIN, increased in Berlin during the period 1970-1989 and whether the ages of women with CIN had decreased. In the former German Democratic Republic, which had a highly centralized public health system, all gynecologic operations performed on women living in the Mitte district of Berlin were carried out during the period 1970-1989 (when the Berlin Wall fell) in the gynecologic clinic of the Charité Hospital. The incidence of all CIN increased from year to year over the observation period: 0.04% (1970-1971), 0.10% (1980-1981), 0.39% (1988-1989). There was a particularly high increase in the incidence of high grade intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN 3): 0.016% (1970-1971), 0.056% (1980-1981), 0.25% (1988-1989). With a virtually unchanged age distribution for women in the Mitte district of Berlin, the median age of women with CIN 3 decreased significantly from 1970 to 1989, from 39.5 (1970) to 33 (1989) (P < .001). The increase in the incidence of CIN, especially of high grade CIN, as well as the reduction in age for onset of the disease, makes high participation in screening necessary, above all among young women.

  18. Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy after Endovascular Stent Graft Placement: An Examination of Its Prevalence and Risk Factors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kawatani, Yohei; Nakamura, Yoshitsugu; Mochida, Yoshihiko; Yamauchi, Naoya; Hayashi, Yujiro; Taneichi, Tetsuyoshi; Ito, Yujiro; Kurobe, Hirotsugu; Suda, Yuji; Hori, Takaki

    2016-01-01

    Endovascular stent graft placement has become a major treatment for thoracic and abdominal aneurysms. While endovascular therapy is less invasive than open surgery, it involves the use of a contrast medium. Contrast media can cause renal impairment, a condition termed as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study sought to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of CIN following endovascular stent graft placement for aortic aneurysm repair. The study included 167 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular stent graft placement in our hospital from October 2013 to June 2014. CIN was diagnosed using the European Society of Urogenital Radiology criteria. Patients with and without CIN were compared. Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Thirteen patients (7.8%) developed CIN. Left ventricular dysfunction and intraoperative blood transfusion were significantly more frequent in the CIN group (P = 0.017 and P = 0.032, resp.). Multivariate analysis showed that left ventricular dysfunction had the strongest influence on CIN development (odds ratio 9.34, P = 0.018, and 95% CI = 1.46–59.7). Patients with CIN also experienced longer ICU and hospital stays. Measures to improve renal perfusion flow should be considered for patients with left ventricular dysfunction who are undergoing endovascular stent graft placement

  19. Risk of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients undergoing MDCT - A pooled analysis of two randomized trials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thomsen, Henrik S.; Morcos, Sameh K.

    2009-01-01

    The incidence of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) following intravenous (IV) CM administration of contrast media to renally impaired patients undergoing multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is not well characterized. Our objective was to investigate the incidence of CIN in patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 40 ml/min, 4.6% when GFR <40 ml/min and 7.8% in patients with GFR <30 ml/min. The incidence of CIN was significantly higher after iodixanol than after LOCM (seven patients, 4.7% following IOCM, no CIN cases following the LOCM; p = 0.007). Significant differences in favor of the LOCM were also observed in patients with GFR <40 ml/min and GFR <30 ml/min. Following the IV administration of nonionic contrast agents in patients with moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency, the risk of significant CIN seems to be low. The IOCM iodixanol caused a higher rate of CIN than the LOCM iopamidol and iomeprol, especially in high-risk patients. Differences in osmolality between these LOCM and iodixanol do not play a role in the genesis of CIN. (orig.)

  20. Prognostic utility of chromosomal instability detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine-needle aspirates from oral squamous cell carcinomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sato, Hiroaki; Uzawa, Narikazu; Takahashi, Ken-Ichiro; Myo, Kunihiro; Ohyama, Yoshio; Amagasa, Teruo

    2010-01-01

    Although chromosomal instability (CIN) has been detected in many kinds of human malignancies by means of various methods, there is no practical assessment for small clinical specimens. In this study, we evaluated CIN in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsied oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and investigated its prognostic significance. To evaluate CIN status of tumors, FISH with genomic probes for the centromeres of chromosomes 7, 9, and 11 was performed on specimens obtained by FNA from 77 patients with primary oral SCCs. High-grade CIN (CIN3) was observed in 11.7% (9/77) of patients with oral SCCs and was associated significantly with reduced disease-free survival (p = .008) and overall survival (p = .003). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that CIN status was significantly correlated with disease-free survival (p = .035) and overall survival (p = .041). Analysis of CIN status using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in predicting of recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with oral SCCs

  1. Frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatment in a well-screened population

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barken, Sidsel Svennekjaer; Rebolj, Matejka; Andersen, Erik Søgaard

    2012-01-01

    Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detectable at screening has helped reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, but has also led to overtreatment. The estimates of overtreatment have often focused on a particular grade of CIN or age group. The aim of this paper was to provide...... a nationwide population-based estimate of the frequency of CIN treatment per prevented cervical cancer case in a well-screened population. We retrieved the data from the Danish National Population, Patient, Health Insurance, Pathology, and Cancer Registers, and calculated annual age-standardized CIN treatment...... rates. We estimated the frequency of CIN treatment per prevented cervical cancer case by comparing the cumulative life-time risk of CIN treatment from 1996 onward, with the difference in the cumulative life-time risks of cervical cancer in the prescreening and the screening periods. Since 1996, more...

  2. Genetic Variants in TAP Are Associated with High-Grade Cervical Neoplasia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Einstein, Mark H.; Leanza, Suzanne; Chiu, Lydia G.; Schlecht, Nicolas F.; Goldberg, Gary L.; Steinberg, Bettie M.; Burk, Robert D.

    2018-01-01

    Purpose The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential in assembling MHC-I proteins. Human papillomavirus (HPV) evades immune recognition by decreasing class I MHC cell surface expression through down-regulation of TAP1 levels. Consistent with heterogeneity in MHC expression is the individual variability in clearing detectable HPV infections. Genetic polymorphisms in TAP genes may affect protein structure, function, and the ability to clear HPV infection. Experimental Design Case-control study of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III (n = 114) and women without high-grade CIN (n = 366). Five nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TAP1 and TAP2 were genotyped using DNA collected in cervicovaginal lavage samples using microsphere array technology (Luminex ×MAP). HPV typing was done using a PCR-based system with MY09/MY11 primers. TAP1 and TAP2 SNPs were validated by direct sequencing. Results Differences in allele distribution between women with high-grade cervical neoplasia and women without was seen for TAP1 I333V (P = 0.02) and TAP1 D637G (p = 0.01).The odds ratios (OR) for CIN III were significantly lower among carriers of the TAP1 I333V polymorphism (OR, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.8), and TAP1 D637G polymorphism (OR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7). These associations remained significant even after restricting the evaluation to women who were positive for high-risk HPV types. Conclusions In addition to the down-regulation of MHC-1 by oncogenic HPV, HPV pathogenesis might be facilitated by polymorphisms in the TAP proteins. Identifying TAP polymorphisms may potentially be used to identify women less susceptible to progression to high-grade CIN and cervical cancer. PMID:19188174

  3. Teaching Creative Problem Solving.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Christensen, Kip W.; Martin, Loren

    1992-01-01

    Interpersonal and cognitive skills, adaptability, and critical thinking can be developed through problem solving and cooperative learning in technology education. These skills have been identified as significant needs of the workplace as well as for functioning in society. (SK)

  4. The influence of contrast media on kidney function in patients with stable coronary artery disease

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Reuter, Simon Bertram; Harutyunyan, Marina; Mygind, Naja Dam

    2014-01-01

    AIMS: To investigate the incidence of contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for elective coronary intervention following hydration routines. The reversibility of CIN was followed in a 6 month-period. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total...... coronary interventions. Kidney function and the amount of contrast media used was not a predictor of CIN development. The induced CIN was not completely normalized in a 6-month follow-up period....

  5. Social worker involvement in identifying problems and needs of families with mentally ill members

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kovalčíková N.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the current study was to explore the impact of schizophrenia on the life of the patient and his family, in particular, which problems people with schizophrenia and their families face. We applied a qualitative research strategy and method of semi-structured interview. Qualitative analysis of the data demonstrated barriers in the working and financial areas of life of people with schizophrenia. In addition, schizophrenia negatively affects social interactions of patients which lead to their social isolation which is also derived from barriers at work. Families with this kind of patient suffer mainly in the economic sphere of life with the necessity to leave the job and take care of an ill member. These families also suffer from isolation, restriction of social contacts, reduction of free-time activities, and many other problems included within the barriers in social interactions. Family members suffer psychological stress and they badly cope with the situation if the ill member is hospitalized. In addition, the family meets with the structural discrimination in the form of lack of information about the disease, lack of day care centres network and similar barriers in communication with physicians and the other professionals.

  6. Child maltreatment and problem gambling: A systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lane, Wendy; Sacco, Paul; Downton, Katherine; Ludeman, Emilie; Levy, Lauren; Tracy, J Kathleen

    2016-08-01

    This study systematically reviews research on child maltreatment and risk of gambling problems in adulthood. It also reviews adult problem gamblers' risk of abusing or neglecting their own children. Multiple database searches were conducted using pre-defined search terms related to gambling and child abuse and neglect. We identified 601 unique references and excluded studies if they did not report original research, or did not specifically measure child maltreatment or gambling. Twelve studies that included multivariable analysis of childhood maltreatment exposure and problem gambling were identified. Six of seven studies examining childhood sexual abuse and four of five examining physical abuse showed a significant positive association between abuse and later gambling problems (odds ratios for sexual abuse 2.01-3.65; physical abuse 2.3-2.8). Both studies examining psychological maltreatment and two of three examining neglect identified positive associations with problem gambling. In most studies, risks were reduced or eliminated when controlling for other mental health disorders. The three studies measuring risk of child abuse and neglect among current problem gamblers suggest an increased risk for child physical abuse and medical conditions indicative of neglect although there is a considerable amount of variation among studies. Child abuse is associated with increased risk of gambling problems - gambling treatment providers should ask about maltreatment history as part of their clinical assessment. Problem gamblers may be more likely to physically abuse or neglect their children, but data here are more limited. Child welfare professionals should consider asking questions about parental gambling when assessing family risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Soft Systems Methodology and Problem Framing: Development of an Environmental Problem Solving Model Respecting a New Emergent Reflexive Paradigm.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gauthier, Benoit; And Others

    1997-01-01

    Identifies the more representative problem-solving models in environmental education. Suggests the addition of a strategy for defining a problem situation using Soft Systems Methodology to environmental education activities explicitly designed for the development of critical thinking. Contains 45 references. (JRH)

  8. Almost-sure identifiability of multidimensional harmonic retrieval

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jiang, T; Sidiropoulos, ND; ten Berge, JMF

    Two-dimensional (2-D) and, more generally, multidimensional harmonic retrieval is of interest in a variety of applications, including transmitter localization and joint time and frequency offset estimation in wireless communications. The associated identifiability problem is key in understanding the

  9. Assessing student written problem solutions: A problem-solving rubric with application to introductory physics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jennifer L. Docktor

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Problem solving is a complex process valuable in everyday life and crucial for learning in the STEM fields. To support the development of problem-solving skills it is important for researchers and curriculum developers to have practical tools that can measure the difference between novice and expert problem-solving performance in authentic classroom work. It is also useful if such tools can be employed by instructors to guide their pedagogy. We describe the design, development, and testing of a simple rubric to assess written solutions to problems given in undergraduate introductory physics courses. In particular, we present evidence for the validity, reliability, and utility of the instrument. The rubric identifies five general problem-solving processes and defines the criteria to attain a score in each: organizing problem information into a Useful Description, selecting appropriate principles (Physics Approach, applying those principles to the specific conditions in the problem (Specific Application of Physics, using Mathematical Procedures appropriately, and displaying evidence of an organized reasoning pattern (Logical Progression.

  10. Les dispositifs de fiction cinématographique au sein du documentaire Récits d’Ellis Island, de Georges Perec et Robert Bober (1980

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cécile Tourneur

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Traces et Mémoires, les titres des deux parties qui composent Récits d’Ellis Island réalisé par Georges Perec et Robert Bober entre 1978 et 1980, peuvent être perçus comme résumant les enjeux majeurs du film : la restitution, à partir de vestiges, de ce que fut ce lieu de passage de millions d’émigrants, devenu « lieu de mémoire » et une volonté de considérer ces destins dans leur singularité. Dans la première partie, Traces, le texte écrit et lu par Georges Perec relie Ellis Island à un questionnement personnel sur leurs propres origines et leur identité. Perec et Bober ne s’attachent pas à une reconstitution exacte du passé, projet voué à l’échec, mais vont créer un espace fictionnel au sein du projet documentaire à travers la mise en scène de photographies (la plupart sont de Lewis Hine et datent du début du XXe siècle dans les lieux même où furent réalisées les prises de vue. Photographie et cinéma ainsi confrontés leur permettent de mener à bien une réflexion sur l’exil, la transmission d’une histoire et d’y projeter leur propre questionnement autobiographique, de l’ordre du possible, du potentiel.

  11. Identifying Problems in Students’ Final Projects Based on Scientific Writing Guidelines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Endang Ernawati

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Article analyzed student’s difficulties and abilities in writing their final projects, which were undergraduate theses and undergraduate paper conducted by some students at the English Department, Bina Nusantara University. This was a preliminary study to support an appropriate student guideline in writing their final project. The study was conducted by applying qualitative methods that was by analyzing the four theses and one paper in terms of their format: titles, introduction, theoretical background, analysis, conclusion, bibliography, and paper rubric to analyze the contents. It can be concluded that generally, students, guided by their mentor/lecturer, understand the final paper guidelines and they are able to apply it in their thesis and paper. But, there are still lack of clarity and relevancy in expressing their ideas properly, and their ability in writing in both English and Bahasa Indonesia must be improved. These problems can be overcome by socializing the writing guidelines to both students and lecturers, providing them with critical thinking skills, cooperation with library that will guide them in information literacy skills, and language center that will improve their writing skills. 

  12. [Self-evaluation of core competencies and related factors among baccalaureate nursing students].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Chen-Ting; Hsieh, Suh-Ing; Hsu, Li-Ling

    2013-02-01

    Evaluations of higher education programs are increasingly centered on the learner and designed to assess learning effectiveness and core competencies. Although the Taiwan Nursing Accreditation Council (TNAC) has established eight core competencies for college nursing departments, little research has been done to identify the most salient contributors to undergraduate nursing students' perceived competency levels. This paper investigates the influence of student demographic factors and learning experience on students' development in terms of a selected sample of core nursing competencies and then identifies factors that significantly predicts such development. This is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. We collected data from a sample of freshmen students currently enrolled in a two-year nursing bachelor degree program at a private vocational university in Taipei, Taiwan. Participants self-assessed abilities in designated core nursing competencies using the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students (CINS). A total of 279 of 290 distributed questionnaires were returned and used in data collection, giving this study a valid return rate of 96.2%. Participants earned a mean CINS score of 5.23 (SD = 0.49). Scale dimensions from highest to lowest mean score rank were: ethics, accountability, caring spirit, communication and cooperation, lifelong learning, general clinical nursing skills, critical thinking, and basic biomedical science. Differentiated analysis revealed that nursing students who expressed a strong interest in nursing, had a clear career plan, held aspirations to pursue higher nursing education, designated "major hospital" as their first workplace of choice, designated a post-college department / workplace preference, had participated in campus activities, were outspoken in classroom discussions and debates, made consistent effort to complete homework assignments and prepare for examinations, and performed relatively strong academically earned

  13. User Interface Problems of a Nationwide Inpatient Information System: A Heuristic Evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Atashi, Alireza; Khajouei, Reza; Azizi, Amirabbas; Dadashi, Ali

    2016-01-01

    While studies have shown that usability evaluation could uncover many design problems of health information systems, the usability of health information systems in developing countries using their native language is poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of a nationwide inpatient information system used in many academic hospitals in Iran. Three trained usability evaluators independently evaluated the system using Nielsen's 10 usability heuristics. The evaluators combined identified problems in a single list and independently rated the severity of the problems. We statistically compared the number and severity of problems identified by HIS experienced and non-experienced evaluators. A total of 158 usability problems were identified. After removing duplications 99 unique problems were left. The highest mismatch with usability principles was related to "Consistency and standards" heuristic (25%) and the lowest related to "Flexibility and efficiency of use" (4%). The average severity of problems ranged from 2.4 (Major problem) to 3.3 (Catastrophe problem). The experienced evaluator with HIS identified significantly more problems and gave higher severities to problems (pusers' and patients' time, increase errors and finally threaten patient's safety. Many of them can be fixed with simple redesign solutions such as using clear labels and better layouts. This study suggests conducting further studies to confirm the findings concerning effect of evaluator experience on the results of Heuristic Evaluation.

  14. IDEAL Problem Solving dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eny Susiana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Most educators agree that problem solving is among the most meaningful and importantkinds of learning and thingking. That is, the central focus of learning and instructionshould be learning to solve problems. There are several warrants supporting that claims.They are authenticity, relevance, problem solving engages deeper learning angtherefore enhances meaning making, and constructed to represent problems (problemsolving is more meaningful. It is the reason why we must provide teaching and learningto make student’s problem solving skill in progress. There are many informationprocessingmodels of problem solving, such as simplified model of the problem-solvingprocess by Gicks, Polya’s problem solving process etc. One of them is IDEAL problemsolving. Each letter of IDEAL is stand for an aspect of thinking that is important forproblem solving. IDEAL is identify problem, Define Goal, Explore possible strategies,Anticipate outcme and Act, and Look back and learn. Using peer interaction andquestion prompt in small group in IDEAL problem solving teaching and Learning canimprove problem solving skill.Kata kunci: IDEAL Problem Solving, Interaksi Sebaya, Pertanyaan Penuntun, KelompokKecil.

  15. Identifying high dose activities in industrial site radiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heaton, B.

    2000-01-01

    Although the radiation doses received by industrial radiographers in the UK have progressively fallen over the last few years, with most now receiving less than 1 mSv/y, a few still receive, relative to the rest, much higher doses. As a percentage of all radiographers the number stays surprisingly constant from year to year. This paper describes a survey to identify the work causing these doses and suggest possible solutions. The UK Central Index of Dose Information was interrogated to identify the industrial radiography companies having staff (not necessarily the same person) with doses of greater than 5mSv/y in the last three years for which information was available. This was 15 in total. The people on the staff receiving these doses were identified and a questionnaire sent to the companies concerned requesting information about their work. A general questionnaire about the operation of the company was also included. With the agreement of the company these questionnaires were followed up by a visit to the company to interviews a number of the management and the radiographers if available. Both groups were generally very open about their problems and every discussion had a positive outcome. Several areas of work/reasons for the doses have been identified. These are: pipeline radiography, ultra sound radiographers working on nuclear reactors, complex plant work often with several teams in the area, inability to retreat from the wind out equipment due to height or access problems, site pressure to not follow the best practices and a lack of appreciation when a dose was being received or, alternatively, carelessness. Some o these problem areas are very difficult to resolve. However ways in which the Health and Safety can help influence the doses have been identified together with practical suggestions radiographers could adopt. These will be reported. (author)

  16. Conceptual problem solving in high school physics

    OpenAIRE

    Jennifer L. Docktor; Natalie E. Strand; José P. Mestre; Brian H. Ross

    2015-01-01

    Problem solving is a critical element of learning physics. However, traditional instruction often emphasizes the quantitative aspects of problem solving such as equations and mathematical procedures rather than qualitative analysis for selecting appropriate concepts and principles. This study describes the development and evaluation of an instructional approach called Conceptual Problem Solving (CPS) which guides students to identify principles, justify their use, and plan their solution in w...

  17. Combined array-comparative genomic hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphism-loss of heterozygosity analysis reveals complex changes and multiple forms of chromosomal instability in colorectal cancers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gaasenbeek, Michelle; Howarth, Kimberley; Rowan, Andrew J

    2006-01-01

    Cancers with chromosomal instability (CIN) are held to be aneuploid/polyploid with multiple large-scale gains/deletions, but the processes underlying CIN are unclear and different types of CIN might exist. We investigated colorectal cancer cell lines using array-comparative genomic hybridization...

  18. The Difficult Patron in the Academic Library: Problem Issues or Problem Patrons?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simmonds Patience L.; Ingold, Jane L.

    2002-01-01

    Identifies difficult patron issues in academic libraries from the librarians' perspectives and offers solutions to try and prevent them from becoming problems. Topics include labeling academic library users; eliminating sources of conflict between faculty and library staff; and conflicts between students and library staff. (Author/LRW)

  19. Efficacy of ciprofloxacin-gentamicin combination therapy in murine bubonic plague.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadine Lemaître

    Full Text Available Potential benefits of combination antibiotic therapy for the treatment of plague have never been evaluated. We compared the efficacy of a ciprofloxacin (CIN and gentamicin (GEN combination therapy with that of each antibiotic administered alone (i against Yersinia pestis in vitro and (ii in a mouse model of bubonic plague in which animals were intravenously injected with antibiotics for five days, starting at two different times after infection (44 h and 56 h. In vitro, the CIN+GEN combination was synergistic at 0.5x the individual drugs' MICs and indifferent at 1x- or 2x MIC. In vivo, the survival rate for mice treated with CIN+GEN was similar to that observed with CIN alone and slightly higher than that observed for GEN alone 100, 100 and 85%, respectively when treatment was started 44 h post challenge. 100% of survivors were recorded in the CIN+GEN group vs 86 and 83% in the CIN and GEN groups, respectively when treatment was delayed to 56 h post-challenge. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Five days after the end of treatment, Y. pestis were observed in lymph nodes draining the inoculation site (but not in the spleen in surviving mice in each of the three groups. The median lymph node log(10 CFU recovered from persistently infected lymph nodes was significantly higher with GEN than with CIN (5.8 vs. 3.2, p = 0.04 or CIN+GEN (5.8 vs. 2.8, p = 0.01. Taken as the whole, our data show that CIN+GEN combination is as effective as CIN alone but, regimens containing CIN are more effective to eradicate Y. pestis from the draining lymph node than the recommended GEN monotherapy. Moreover, draining lymph nodes may serve as a reservoir for the continued release of Y. pestis into the blood - even after five days of intravenous antibiotic treatment.

  20. Incidence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Denmark: comparison with the general population.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thorsteinsson, K; Ladelund, S; Jensen-Fangel, S; Katzenstein, T L; Johansen, I Somuncu; Pedersen, G; Junge, J; Helleberg, M; Storgaard, M; Obel, N; Lebech, A-M

    2016-01-01

    Women living with HIV (WLWH) are reportedly at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). A recent publication found that WLWH in Denmark attend the national ICC screening programme less often than women in the general population. We aimed to estimate the incidence of cervical dysplasia and ICC in WLWH in Denmark compared with that in women in the general population. We studied a nationwide cohort of WLWH and a cohort of 15 age-matched women per WLWH from the general population for the period 1999-2010. Pathology samples were obtained from The Danish Pathology Data Bank, which contains nationwide records of all pathology specimens. The cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) for time from inclusion to first cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/ICC and time from first normal cervical cytology result to first CIN/ICC were estimated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to include prior screening outcome, screening intensity and treatment of CIN/ICC in the interpretation of results. We followed 1140 WLWH and 17 046 controls with no prior history of ICC or hysterectomy for 9491 and 156 865 person-years, respectively. Compared with controls, the overall incidences of CIN1 or worse (CIN1+), CIN2+ and CIN3+, but not ICC, were higher in WLWH and predicted by young age and a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL. In women with normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN1+ and CIN2+ were higher in WLWH. However, when we compared subgroups of WLWH and controls where women in both groups were adherent to the national ICC screening programme and had a normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN and ICC were comparable. Overall, WLWH developed more cervical disease than controls. Yet, in WLWH and controls adherent to the national ICC screening programme and with normal baseline cytology, incidences of CIN and ICC were comparable. © 2015 British HIV Association.