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Sample records for previously discovered li2cu3si4o12

  1. Fabrication and tritium release property of Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Mao; Ran, Guangming; Wang, Hailiang; Dang, Chen; Huang, Zhangyi; Chen, Xiaojun; Lu, Tiecheng; Xiao, Chengjian

    2018-05-01

    Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles have been developed as an advanced tritium breeder due to the potential to combine the advantages of both Li2TiO3 and Li4SiO4. Wet method was developed for the pebble fabrication and Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles were successfully prepared by wet method using the powders synthesized by hydrothermal method. The tritium release properties of the Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles were evaluated. The biphasic pebbles exhibited good tritium release property at low temperatures and the tritium release temperature was around 470 °C. Because of the isotope exchange reaction between H2 and tritium, the addition of 0.1%H2 to purge gas He could significantly enhance the tritium gas release and the fraction of molecular form of tritium increased from 28% to 55%. The results indicate that the Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles fabricated by wet method exhibit good tritium release property and hold promising potential as advanced breeder pebbles.

  2. A promising tritium breeding material: Nanostructured 2Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dang, Chen; Yang, Mao; Gong, Yichao; Feng, Lan; Wang, Hailiang; Shi, Yanli; Shi, Qiwu; Qi, Jianqi; Lu, Tiecheng

    2018-03-01

    As an advanced tritium breeder material for the fusion reactor blanket of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic has attracted widely attention due to its merits. In this paper, the uniform precursor powders were prepared by hydrothermal method, and nanostructured 2Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 biphasic ceramic pebbles were fabricated by an indirect wet method at the first time. In addition, the composition dependence (x/y) of their microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the crush load of biphasic ceramic pebbles was better than that of single phase ceramic pebbles under identical conditions. The 2Li2TiO3-Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles have good morphology, small grain size (90 nm), satisfactory crush load (37.8 N) and relative density (81.8 %T.D.), which could be a promising breeding material in the future fusion reactor.

  3. Photoluminescence analysis of Ce3+:Zn2SiO4 & Li++ Ce3+:Zn2SiO4: phosphors by a sol-gel method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Babu, B. Chandra; Vandana, C. Sai; Guravamma, J.; Rudramadevi, B. Hemalatha; Buddhudu, S.

    2015-06-01

    Here, we report on the development and photoluminescence analysis of Zn2SiO4, Ce3+:Zn2SiO4 & Li+ + Ce3+: Zn2SiO4 novel powder phosphors prepared by a sol-gel technique. The total amount of Ce3+ ions was kept constant in this experiment at 0.05 mol% total doping. The excitation and emission spectra of undoped (Zn2SiO4) and Ce3+ doped Zn2SiO4 and 0.05 mol% Li+ co-doped samples have been investigated. Cerium doped Zn2SiO4 powder phosphors had broad blue emission corresponding to the 2D3/22FJ transition at 443nm. Stable green-yellow-red emission has been observed from Zn2SiO4 host matrix and also we have been observed the enhanced luminescence of Li+ co-doped Zn2SiO4:Ce3+. Excitation and emission spectra of these blue luminescent phosphors have been analyzed in evaluating their potential as luminescent screen coating phosphors.

  4. The far infrared radiation characteristics for Li2O.Al2O3.4SiO2(LAS) glass-ceramics and transition-metal oxide

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huh, Nam Jung; Yang, Joong Sik

    1991-01-01

    The far infrared radiation characteristic for Li 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 (LAS) glass, the LAS glass-ceramic and sintered transition metal oxides such as CuO, Fe 2 O 3 and Co 3 O 4 , were investigated. LAS glass and LAS glass-ceramic was higher than that of the LAS glass. Heat-treated CuO and Co 3 o 4 had radiation characteristic of high efficiency infrared radiant, and heat-treated Fe 2 O 3 had radiation characteristic that infrared emissivity decreased in higher was length above 15μm. (Author)

  5. Tritium release in Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 4.2}Si{sub 0.8}Al{sub 0.2}O{sub 4} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Linjie, E-mail: zhaolinjie1989@163.com; Long, Xinggui, E-mail: xingguil@caep.cn; Peng, Shuming, E-mail: pengshuming@caep.cn; Chen, Xiaojun; Xiao, Chengjian; Ran, Guangming; Li, Jiamao

    2016-12-15

    Li{sub 4+x}Si{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}O{sub 4} solid solution materials, which were designed as the advanced tritium breeders, were obtained by indirect solid state reactions. The behaviors of tritium release from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 4.2}Si{sub 0.8}Al{sub 0.2}O{sub 4} powders were investigated by temperature programmed desorption. The tritium release curves show different characteristics for the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 4.2}Si{sub 0.8}Al{sub 0.2}O{sub 4} ceramics. The main tritium release peak in the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 4.2}Si{sub 0.8}Al{sub 0.2}O{sub 4} powders is at approximately 600 °C after a high dose irradiation. Moreover, the temperature of the tritium release from Li{sub 4.2}Si{sub 0.8}Al{sub 0.2}O{sub 4} was lower than that of the release from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}. This suggests a possible advantage to using the solid solutions as the advanced tritium breeding materials.

  6. Composited reduced graphene oxide into LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 and its electrochemical impedance spectroscopy properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arifin, M.; Rus, Y. B.; Aimon, A. H.; Iskandar, F.; Winata, T.; Abdullah, M.; Khairurrijal, K.

    2017-03-01

    LiFePO4 is commonly used as cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its stable operational voltage and high specific capacity. However, it suffers from certain disadvantages such as low intrinsic electronic conductivity and low ionic diffusion. This study was conducted to analyse the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 composite. This composite was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement identified the O-P-O, Fe-O, P-O, and O-Si-O- bands in the LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 composite. X-ray diffraction measurement confirmed the formation of LiFePO4. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the number of rGO layers. Further, scanning electron microscopy images showed that rGO was distributed around the LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 particles. Finally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the addition of 1 wt% of rGO to the LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 composite reduced charge transfer resistance. It may be concluded that the addition of 1 wt% rGO to LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 composite can enhance its electrochemical performance as a cathode material.

  7. Crystallization behavior of (1 - x)Li2O.xNa2O.Al2O3.4SiO2 glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Moo-Chin; Cheng, Chih-Wei; Chang, Kuo-Ming; Hsi, Chi-Shiung

    2010-01-01

    The crystallization behavior of the (1 - x)Li 2 O.xNa 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 glasses has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystalline phase was composed of β-spodumene. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of β-spodumene from the (1 - x)Li 2 O.xNa 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 glasses has also been studied by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method. The activation energy of β-spodumene formation decreases from 359.2 to 317.8 kJ/mol when the Na 2 O content increases from 0 to 0.4 mol and it increases from 317.8 to 376.9 kJ/mol when the Na 2 O content increases from 0.4 to 0.6 mol. The surface nucleation and plate-like growth were dominant in the crystallization of the (1 - x)Li 2 O.xNa 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 glasses.

  8. The tin-rich copper lithium stannides: Li3Cu6Sn4 and Li2CuSn2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuertauer, Siegfried; Flandorfer, Hans; Effenberger, Herta S.

    2015-01-01

    The Sn rich ternary intermetallic compounds Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 (CSD-427097) and Li 2 CuSn 2 (CSD-427098) were synthesized from the pure elements by induction melting and annealing at 400 C. Structural investigations were performed by powder- and single-crystal XRD. Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 crystallizes in space group P6/mmm; it is structurally related to but not isotypic with MgFe 6 Ge 6 (a = 5.095(2) Aa, c = 9.524(3) Aa; wR 2 = 0.059; 239 unique F 2 -values, 17 free variables). Li 3 Cu 6 Sn 4 is characterized by two sites with a mixed Cu:Sn occupation. In contrast to all other Cu-Li-Sn compounds known so far, any mixed occupation was found for Cu-Li pairs only. In addition, one Li site is only half occupied. The second Sn rich phase is Li 2 CuSn 2 (space group I4 1 /amd, a = 4.4281(15) Aa, c = 19.416(4) Aa; wR 2 = 0.033; 213 unique F 2 -values, 12 atom free variables); it is the only phase in the Cu-Li-Sn system which is noted for full ordering. Both crystal structures exhibit 3D-networks which host Li atoms in channels. They are important for understanding the lithiation mechanism in Cu-Sn electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

  9. Synthesis of LiFePO4/Li2SiO3/reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Composite via Hydrothermal Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arifin, M.; Iskandar, F.; Aimon, A. H.; Munir, M. M.; Nuryadin, B. W.

    2016-08-01

    LiFePO4 is a type of cathode active material used for lithium ion batteries. It has a high electrochemical performance. However, it suffers from certain disadvantages such as a very low intrinsic electronic conductivity and low ionic diffusion. This study was conducted to increase the conductivity of LiFePO4. We have investigated the addition of Li2SiO3 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to LiFePO4. The objective of this research was to synthesize LiFePO4/Li2SiO3/rGO via hydrothermal method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement showed that the peaks corresponded to the vibration of LiFePO4/Li2SiO3. Further, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed a single phase of LiFePO4. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that rGO was distributed on the LiFePO4/Li2SiO3 structure.

  10. Synthesis of LiFePO4/Li2SiO3/reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Composite via Hydrothermal Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arifin, M; Iskandar, F; Aimon, A H; Munir, M M; Nuryadin, B W

    2016-01-01

    LiFePO 4 is a type of cathode active material used for lithium ion batteries. It has a high electrochemical performance. However, it suffers from certain disadvantages such as a very low intrinsic electronic conductivity and low ionic diffusion. This study was conducted to increase the conductivity of LiFePO4. We have investigated the addition of Li2SiO3 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to LiFePO4. The objective of this research was to synthesize LiFePO 4 /Li 2 SiO 3 /rGO via hydrothermal method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement showed that the peaks corresponded to the vibration of LiFePO 4 /Li 2 SiO 3 . Further, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed a single phase of LiFePO4. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that rGO was distributed on the LiFePO 4 /Li 2 SiO 3 structure. (paper)

  11. Fabrication of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles by a sol-gel technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Xiangwei [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China); Wen Zhaoyin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China)], E-mail: zywen@mail.sic.ac.cn; Xu Xiaogang; Liu Yu [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2010-04-15

    Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles are considered as candidate ceramic breeder materials in many blanket designs. In this work, Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles with adequate sphericity were fabricated by a water-based sol-gel process using LiOH and SiO{sub 2} (aerosil) as the raw materials, which has not been reported for fabrication of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles previously. Thermal analysis, phase analysis and morphological observations were carried out systematically. The effects of LiOH/C{sub 6}H{sub 8}O{sub 7} molar ratios and sintering temperature on the microstructure and density of the pebbles were discussed. Experimental results showed that when the LiOH/C{sub 6}H{sub 8}O{sub 7} molar ratio was 3, the microstructure of the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles was the most favorable. While sintered at 900 deg. C for 4 h, Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles with about 1.2 mm in diameter were obtained and the density of the pebbles achieved about 74%.

  12. Solution based synthesis of mixed-phase materials in the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}–Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hanaor, Dorian A.H., E-mail: dorian.hanaor@sydney.edu.au [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Kolb, Matthias H.H. [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 (Germany); Gan, Yixiang [School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Kamlah, Marc; Knitter, Regina [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 (Germany)

    2015-01-15

    Highlights: • Investigation of phase stability in the quasi-binary Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}–Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} system. • Sol-based syntheses of mixed phase materials from organometallic precursors. • LiCl based synthesis results in greater lithium deficiency than LiOH synthesis. • The Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}–Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} quasi binary system appears to exhibit monotectic behaviour. • Mixed phase materials show liquid formation from melting of silicate material at 1100 °C. - Abstract: As candidate tritium breeder materials for use in the ITER helium cooled pebble bed, ceramic multiphasic compounds lying in the region of the quasi-binary lithium metatitanate–lithium orthosilicate system may exhibit mechanical and physical advantages relative to single phase materials. Here we present an organometallic solution-based synthesis procedure for the low-temperature fabrication of compounds in the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}–Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} region and investigate phase stability and transformations through temperature varied X-ray diffraction and scanning calorimetry. Results demonstrate that the metatitanate and metasilicate phases Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} readily crystallise in nanocrystalline form at temperatures below 180 °C. Lithium deficiency in the region of 5% results from Li sublimation from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and/or from excess Li incorporation in the metatitanate phase and brings about a stoichiometry shift, with product compounds exhibiting mixed lithium orthosilicate/metasilicate content towards the Si rich region and predominantly Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} content towards the Ti rich region. Above 1150 °C the transformation of monoclinic to cubic γ-Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} disordered solid-solution occurs while the melting of silicate phases indicates a likely monotectic type system with a solidus line in the region 1050–1100 °C. Synthesis procedures involving a lithium chloride precursor are not likely to be a viable option for

  13. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} based breeder ceramics with Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}, LiAlO{sub 2} and Li{sub X}La{sub Y}TiO{sub 3} additions, part I: Fabrication

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kolb, M.H.H., E-mail: Matthias.kolb@kit.edu [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Mukai, K.; Knitter, R. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Hoshino, T. [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Department of Blanket Systems Research, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Fusion Energy Research and Development Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) (Japan)

    2017-02-15

    Highlights: • This study shows that the emulsion method can easily be adapted to add different phases into Li4SiO4 breeder pebbles. • Slurries with various compositions to form LOS + LMT, LOS + LAO and LOS + LLTO were processed.The calculated activation behavior shows that samples with added LAO or LLTO qualify as low activation material. • Yet, the long-term activation of the LAO containing samples is problematic as hands-on level activity is not reached quickly. - Abstract: Wet-chemical fabrication processes are highly adaptable to a wide range of raw materials and are therefore well suited for evaluating new material compositions. Here the established emulsion method was modified to fabricate novel two-phase Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles of 1 mm diameter with additions of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}, LiAlO{sub 2} or Li{sub x}La{sub y}TiO{sub 3}. As the lithium density of the latter two compounds is relatively low, only moderate contents were added. The Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} additions, however, cover the full compositional range. The fabrication process was characterized with regard to its constancy and aptness for the anticipated pebble compositions by optical pebble size measurements. Also the phase content and the elemental composition of the fabricated pebbles were analyzed by XRD and ICP-OES combined with XRF, respectively. This work shows that the emulsion method is an appropriate method to produce pebbles with the anticipated Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and LiAlO{sub 2} concentrations in a Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} matrix. However, Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub x}La{sub y}TiO{sub 3} react with each other to a number of different phases. To evaluate the activation properties of the pebbles, FISPACT calculations with a DEMO relevant neutron source are applied as well. The addition of aluminum seems to be unfavorable for a fusion application, but moderate concentrations of lanthanum can be tolerated.

  14. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} based breeder ceramics with Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}, LiAlO{sub 2} and Li{sub X}La{sub Y}TiO{sub 3} additions, part II: Pebble properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kolb, M.H.H., E-mail: Matthias.kolb@kit.edu [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe (Germany); Knitter, R. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe (Germany); Hoshino, T. [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Department of Blanket Systems Research, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Fusion Energy Research and Development Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) (Japan)

    2017-02-15

    Highlights: • The mechanical strength of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}-based breeder pebbles can be improved by adding either LMT, LAO or LLTO as second phase. • The increase in strength is closely linked to a reduction of the open porosity of the pebbles. • All fabricated pebbles show a highly homogenous microstructure with mostly low closed porosity. • Adding LLTO, although it decomposes during sintering, greatly improves the strength of the pebbles. - Abstract: The pebble properties of novel two-phase Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles of 1 mm diameter with additions of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}, LiAlO{sub 2} or Li{sub x}La{sub y}TiO{sub 3} are evaluated in this work as a function of the second phase concentration and the microstructure of the pebbles. The characterization focused on the mechanical strength, microstructure and open as well as closed porosity. Therefore crush load tests, SEM analyses as well as helium pycnometry and optical image analysis were performed, respectively. This work shows that generally additions of a second phase to Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} considerably improve the mechanical strength. It also shows that the fabrication processes have to be well-controlled to achieve high mechanical strengths. When Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} is added in different concentrations, the determinant for the crush load seems to be the open porosity of the pebbles. The strengthening effect of LiAlO{sub 2} compared to Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} is similar, while additions of Li{sub x}La{sub y}TiO{sub 3} increase the mechanical strength much more. Yet, Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub x}La{sub y}TiO{sub 3} react with each other to a number of different phases upon sintering. In general the pebble properties of all samples are favorable for use within a fusion breeder blanket.

  15. Water vapor concentration dependence and temperature dependence of Li mass loss from Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} with excess Li and Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shimozori, Motoki [Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Katayama, Kazunari, E-mail: kadzu@nucl.kyushu-u.ac.jp [Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Hoshino, Tsuyoshi [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Department of Blanket Systems Research, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Sector of Fusion Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-166 Obuch, Omotedate, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212 (Japan); Ushida, Hiroki; Yamamoto, Ryotaro; Fukada, Satoshi [Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan)

    2015-10-15

    Highlights: • Li mass loss from Li{sub 2.11}TiO{sub 3} increased proportionally to water vapor pressure. • Li mass loss from Li{sub 2.11}TiO{sub 3} at 600 °C was significantly smaller than expected. • Differences of Li mass loss behavior from Li{sub 2.11}TiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} were shown. - Abstract: In this study, weight reduction of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} with excess Li and Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} at elevated temperatures under hydrogen atmosphere or water vapor atmosphere was investigated. The Li mass loss for the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} at 900 °C was 0.4 wt% under 1000 Pa H{sub 2} atmosphere and 1.5 wt% under 50 Pa H{sub 2}O atmosphere. The Li mass loss for the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} increased proportionally to the water vapor pressure in the range from 50 to 200 Pa at 900 °C and increased with increasing temperature from 700 to 900 °C although Li mass loss at 600 °C was significantly smaller than expected. It was found that water vapor concentration dependence and temperature dependence of Li mass loss for the Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} used in this work were quite different. Water vapor is released from the ceramic breeder materials into the purge gas due to desorption of adsorbed water and water formation reaction. The released water vapor possibly promotes Li mass loss with the formation of LiOH on the surface.

  16. Enhancement of photoluminescence properties and modification of crystal structures of Si3N4 doping Li2Sr0.995SiO4:0.005Eu2+ phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, Kaixin; Zhang, Fangfang; Chen, Daqin; Wu, Song; Zheng, Peng; Huang, Qingming; Jiang, Jun; Xu, Junming; Qin, Huibin

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Si 3 N 4 modified Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 4 :0.005Eu 2+ phosphors were prepared. • The luminescence intensity of Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ was enhanced by doping Si 3 N 4 . • The fluorescence decay times and thermal stability were enhanced by doping Si 3 N 4 . - Abstract: Si 3 N 4 modified Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 4 :0.005Eu 2+ (Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ ) phosphors were synthesized with the conventional solid-state reaction in the reduced atmosphere. The crystal structure and vibrational modes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy and Rietveld crystal structure refinement. Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra showed that Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ powder exhibited a broad yellow emission band centered at 560 nm under the excitation of 460 nm visible light, due to the 4f 6 5d 1 → 4f 7 transition of Eu 2+ . The partial nitridation of Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ (x = 0.01) phosphors led to a large enhancement in the luminescence intensity, as much as 190%. At the same time, the fluorescence decay behavior curves further showed that the photoluminescence efficiencies of Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ phosphors were enhanced by addition of Si 3 N 4 . The temperature quenching characteristics confirmed that the oxynitride based Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ showed slightly higher stability. It is implied that Li 2 Sr 0.995 SiO 43x/2 N x :0.005Eu 2+ phosphors had a possible potential application on white LEDs to match blue light chips

  17. Luminescent properties of Eu2+ and Ce3+ ions in strontium litho-silicate Li2SrSiO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dotsenko, V.P.; Levshov, S.M.; Berezovskaya, I.V.; Stryganyuk, G.B.; Voloshinovskii, A.S.; Efryushina, N.P.

    2011-01-01

    The luminescent properties of Eu 2+ and Ce 3+ ions in Li 2 SrSiO 4 have been studied upon excitation in the 2-20 eV region. Based on the results of luminescent measurements, values of the crystal field splitting and the centroid shift of the Ce 3+ 5d configuration in Li 2 SrSiO 4 were found and compared with those of Ce 3+ ions in some other inorganic compounds. The Eu 2+ ions in Li 2 SrSiO 4 exhibit a broad band emission with a maximum at 576 nm, which is due to the 4f 6 5d→4f 7 transition. It was shown that the long-wavelength position of the Eu 2+ emission in Li 2 SrSiO 4 is caused by the large crystal-field splitting of the Eu 2+ 4f 6 5d configuration and relatively high degree of covalency of the Eu-O bond. The stabilization of Eu 2+ ions in Li 2 SrSiO 4 during the synthesis process requires a strong reducing agent. Two phenomenological approaches to explain the low stability of Eu 2+ in Li 2 SrSiO 4 are also discussed.

  18. Tiberiobardiite, Cu9Al(SiO3OH2(OH12(H2O6(SO41.5·10H2O, a New Mineral Related to Chalcophyllite from the Cretaio Cu Prospect, Massa Marittima, Grosseto (Tuscany, Italy: Occurrence and Crystal Structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristian Biagioni

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available The new mineral species tiberiobardiite, ideally Cu9Al(SiO3OH2(OH12(H2O6(SO41.5·10H2O, has been discovered in the Cretaio Cu prospect, Massa Marittima, Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy, as very rare, light green, vitreous, tabular {0001}, pseudo-hexagonal crystals, up to 200 μm in size and 5 μm in thickness, associated with brochantite. Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt %, average of 5 spot analyses: SO3 10.37, P2O5 3.41, As2O5 0.05, SiO2 8.13, Al2O3 5.54, Fe2O3 0.74, CuO 62.05, and ZnO 0.03, for a total of 90.32. Based on an idealized O content of 42 atoms per formula unit, assuming the presence of 16 H2O groups and 13.5 cations (without H, the empirical formula of tiberiobardiite is (Cu8.69Al0.21Fe0.10Σ9.00Al1.00(Si1.51P0.54Σ2.05S1.44O12.53(OH13.47·16H2O. The main diffraction lines, corresponding to multiple hkl indices, are [d in Å (relative visual intensity]: 9.4 (s, 4.67 (s, 2.576 (m, 2.330 (m, and 2.041 (mw. The crystal structure study revealed tiberiobardiite to be trigonal, space group R 3 ¯ , with unit-cell parameters a = 10.6860(4, c = 28.3239(10 Å, V = 2801.0(2 Å3, and Z = 3. The crystal structure was refined to a final R1 = 0.060 for 1747 reflections with Fo > 4σ (Fo and 99 refined parameters. Tiberiobardiite is the Si-analogue of chalcophyllite, with Si4+ replacing As5+ through the coupled substitution As5+ + O2− = Si4+ + (OH−. The name tiberiobardiite honors Tiberio Bardi (b. 1960 for his contribution to the study of the mineralogy of Tuscany.

  19. Properties and Crystallization Phenomena in Li2Si2O5–Ca5(PO4)3F and Li2Si2O5–Sr5(PO4)3F Glass–Ceramics Via Twofold Internal Crystallization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rampf, Markus; Dittmer, Marc; Ritzberger, Christian; Schweiger, Marcel; Höland, Wolfram

    2015-01-01

    The combination of specific mechanical, esthetic, and chemical properties is decisive for the application of materials in prosthodontics. Controlled twofold crystallization provides a powerful tool to produce special property combinations for glass–ceramic materials. The present study outlines the potential of precipitating Ca5(PO4)3F as well as Sr5(PO4)3F as minor crystal phases in Li2Si2O5 glass–ceramics. Base glasses with different contents of CaO/SrO, P2O5, and F− were prepared within the glasses of the SiO2Li2O–K2O–CaO/SrO–Al2O3–P2O5–F system. Preliminary studies of nucleation by means of XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the nucleated base glasses revealed X-ray amorphous phase separation phenomena. Qualitative and quantitative crystal phase analyses after crystallization were conducted using XRD in combination with Rietveld refinement. As a main result, a direct proportional relationship between the content of apatite-forming components in the base glasses and the content of apatite in the glass–ceramics was established. The microstructures of the glass–ceramics were investigated using SEM. Microstructural and mechanical properties were found to be dominated by Li2Si2O5 crystals and quite independent of the content of the apatite present in the glass–ceramics. Biaxial strengths of up to 540 MPa were detected. Ca5(PO4)3F and Sr5(PO4)3F influence the translucency of the glass–ceramics and, hence, help to precisely tailor the properties of Li2Si2O5 glass–ceramics. The authors conclude that the twofold crystallization of Li2Si2O5–Ca5(PO4)3F or Li2Si2O5–Sr5(PO4)3F glass–ceramics involves independent solid-state reactions, which can be controlled via the chemical composition of the base glasses. The influence of the minor apatite phase on the optical properties helps to achieve new combinations of features of the glass–ceramics and, hence, displays new potential for dental applications. PMID:26389112

  20. (Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox-(LiF)y: addition of LiF-an effective way to synthesize overdoped superconductor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Badica, P; Iyo, A; Aldica, G; Kito, H; Crisan, A; Tanaka, Y

    2004-01-01

    (Cu,C)Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O x superconductor with addition of y mol LiF has been synthesized by a high-pressure method. For the same synthesis conditions it was found that (almost) single-phase Cu, C-1234 samples can be synthesized for y LiF = 0-0.1 if the amount of z mol AgO oxidizer is increased linearly from z AgO = 0.45 to 0.73 and for y LiF 0.1-0.2 if z AgO = 0.73 constant. Transport measurements (ρ(T) and room-temperature Seebeck coefficient) have shown that these samples are overdoped: LiF is an effective addition for synthesis of overdoped Cu, C-1234 with a controlled level of carriers. LiF addition continuously decreases T c . The critical point at y LiF = 0.1 is discussed as the solubility limit of LiF and/or the point where the doping mechanism changes. It is proposed that the reason is the reaction of extra Li with C and O to form Li 2 CO 3 , inducing a lower concentration of C in Cu, C-1234/LiF crystals, and at the same time a possible substitution of Li not only for the Cu site but also for the Ca site, resulting in formation of a higher amount of residual Ca 0.828 CuO 2 (for y LiF >0.1). LiF induces the formation of a liquid phase and acts as a flux promoting the formation of Cu,C-12 (n-1)n with n ≥ 4. LiF modifies to some degree the grain growth from a 3D to a 2D type (thinner platelike grains have been observed in the LiF added samples)

  1. (Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox (LiF)y: addition of LiF—an effective way to synthesize overdoped superconductor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badica, P.; Iyo, A.; Aldica, G.; Kito, H.; Crisan, A.; Tanaka, Y.

    2004-03-01

    (Cu,C)Ba2Ca3Cu4Ox superconductor with addition of y mol LiF has been synthesized by a high-pressure method. For the same synthesis conditions it was found that (almost) single-phase Cu, C-1234 samples can be synthesized for yLiF = 0-0.1 if the amount of z mol AgO oxidizer is increased linearly from zAgO = 0.45 to 0.73 and for yLiF = 0.1-0.2 if zAgO = 0.73 = constant. Transport measurements (rgr(T) and room-temperature Seebeck coefficient) have shown that these samples are overdoped: LiF is an effective addition for synthesis of overdoped Cu, C-1234 with a controlled level of carriers. LiF addition continuously decreases Tc. The critical point at yLiF = 0.1 is discussed as the solubility limit of LiF and/or the point where the doping mechanism changes. It is proposed that the reason is the reaction of extra Li with C and O to form Li2CO3, inducing a lower concentration of C in Cu, C-1234/LiF crystals, and at the same time a possible substitution of Li not only for the Cu site but also for the Ca site, resulting in formation of a higher amount of residual Ca0.828CuO2 (for yLiF>0.1). LiF induces the formation of a liquid phase and acts as a flux promoting the formation of Cu,C-12 (n-1)n with n \\ge 4 . LiF modifies to some degree the grain growth from a 3D to a 2D type (thinner platelike grains have been observed in the LiF added samples).

  2. Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Ce3+, a highly efficient near-UV and blue emitting orthosilicate phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jilin; Zhang, Weilu; Qiu, Zhongxian; Zhou, Wenli; Yu, Liping; Li, Zhiqiang; Lian, Shixun

    2015-01-01

    High quantum efficiency is a vital parameter of phosphors for practical application. An efficient near-UV and blue emitting phosphor Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :Ce 3+ was synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction, and luminescent properties were studied in detail. The Ce 3+ -activated phosphor can emit both a near-UV light centred at 345 nm and a blue light peaking at 420 nm when Ce 3+ occupies the Sr and Ca site, respectively. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.03Ce 3+ is as high as 97% under the excitation at 288 nm, while the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is 66%. The IQE and EQE values of Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.03Ce 3+ under the excitation at 360 nm are 82% and 31%, respectively. - Highlights: • Phosphor Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :Ce 3+ emits a near-UV (345 nm) and a blue light (420 nm). • Emission band at 345 nm originates from Ce 3+ on Sr site. • Emission band at 420 nm belongs to Ce 3+ on Ca site. • Internal quantum efficiency is 97% for Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.03Ce 3+ excited at 288 nm

  3. Sheet-like Li3V2(PO4)3 nanocomposite coated by SiO2 + C with better electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lai, Chunyan; Wu, Tingting; Wang, Zhen

    2016-01-01

    Sheet-like Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocomposite coated by SiO 2  + C layer was synthesized with one-step solid-state method. Dihydroxydiphenylsilane (DPSD) was used as the source of SiO 2 and C. The sheet-like Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocomposite has a thickness in the range of 20–30 nm. Because of the SiO 2  + C-coated layer and the sheet-like morphology, the Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /(SiO 2  + C) composites show better stability and higher capacity than pure Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 material and granular Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /(SiO 2  + C) composites. The best sample, Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /(SiO 2  + C)(2:8), shows a discharge capacity of 193.7 mAh g −1 at 1C within the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V and retains almost 90 % of the capacity after 50 cycles.

  4. Crystallization behavior of (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O.xNa{sub 2}O.Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.4SiO{sub 2} glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Moo-Chin [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Cheng, Chih-Wei; Chang, Kuo-Ming [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien-Kung Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan (China); Hsi, Chi-Shiung, E-mail: chsi@nuu.edu.t [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, 1 Lien-Da, Kung-Ching Li, Miao-Li 36003, Taiwan (China)

    2010-07-02

    The crystallization behavior of the (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O.xNa{sub 2}O.Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.4SiO{sub 2} glasses has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystalline phase was composed of {beta}-spodumene. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of {beta}-spodumene from the (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O.xNa{sub 2}O.Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.4SiO{sub 2} glasses has also been studied by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method. The activation energy of {beta}-spodumene formation decreases from 359.2 to 317.8 kJ/mol when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0 to 0.4 mol and it increases from 317.8 to 376.9 kJ/mol when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0.4 to 0.6 mol. The surface nucleation and plate-like growth were dominant in the crystallization of the (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O.xNa{sub 2}O.Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.4SiO{sub 2} glasses.

  5. Electrochemical Characteristics and Li+ Ion Intercalation Kinetics of Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 Composite in Voltage Range of 0−3 V

    KAUST Repository

    Bhatti, Humaira S

    2016-04-20

    Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 and dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite were prepared by sol-gel method with average particle size of 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. Though Li2TiO3 is electrochemically inactive, the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 is comparable to Li4Ti5O12 at different current rates. Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 also shows good rate performance of 90 mA h g-1 at high rate of 10 C in voltage range of 1−3 V, attributable to increased interfaces in the composite. While Li4Ti5O12 delivers capacity retention of 88.6 % at 0.2 C over 50 cycles, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 exhibits no capacity fading at 0.2 C (40 cycles) and capacity retention of 98.45 % at 0.5 C (50 cycles). This highly stable cycling performance is attributed to the contribution of Li2TiO3 in preventing undesirable reaction of Li4Ti5O12 with the electrolyte during cycling. CV curves of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 in 0−3 V range exhibit two anodic peaks at 1.51 V and 0.7−0.0 V, indicating two modes of lithium intercalation into the lattice sites of active material. Owing to enhanced intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics in 0−3 V, composite electrode delivers superior rate performance of 203 mAh/g at 2.85 C and 140 mAh/g at 5.7 C with good reversible capacity retention over 100 cycles.

  6. Electrochemical Characteristics and Li+ Ion Intercalation Kinetics of Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 Composite in Voltage Range of 0−3 V

    KAUST Repository

    Bhatti, Humaira S; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Ullah, Shafiq; Ahmed, Bilal; Habib, Amir; Karim, Altaf; Hasanain, Syed Khurshid

    2016-01-01

    Li4Ti5O12, Li2TiO3 and dual-phase Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite were prepared by sol-gel method with average particle size of 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. Though Li2TiO3 is electrochemically inactive, the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 is comparable to Li4Ti5O12 at different current rates. Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 also shows good rate performance of 90 mA h g-1 at high rate of 10 C in voltage range of 1−3 V, attributable to increased interfaces in the composite. While Li4Ti5O12 delivers capacity retention of 88.6 % at 0.2 C over 50 cycles, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 exhibits no capacity fading at 0.2 C (40 cycles) and capacity retention of 98.45 % at 0.5 C (50 cycles). This highly stable cycling performance is attributed to the contribution of Li2TiO3 in preventing undesirable reaction of Li4Ti5O12 with the electrolyte during cycling. CV curves of Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 in 0−3 V range exhibit two anodic peaks at 1.51 V and 0.7−0.0 V, indicating two modes of lithium intercalation into the lattice sites of active material. Owing to enhanced intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics in 0−3 V, composite electrode delivers superior rate performance of 203 mAh/g at 2.85 C and 140 mAh/g at 5.7 C with good reversible capacity retention over 100 cycles.

  7. The tin-rich copper lithium stannides: Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fuertauer, Siegfried; Flandorfer, Hans [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemisrty); Effenberger, Herta S. [Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst. of Mineralogy and Crystallography

    2015-05-01

    The Sn rich ternary intermetallic compounds Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} (CSD-427097) and Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2} (CSD-427098) were synthesized from the pure elements by induction melting and annealing at 400 C. Structural investigations were performed by powder- and single-crystal XRD. Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} crystallizes in space group P6/mmm; it is structurally related to but not isotypic with MgFe{sub 6}Ge{sub 6} (a = 5.095(2) Aa, c = 9.524(3) Aa; wR{sub 2} = 0.059; 239 unique F{sup 2}-values, 17 free variables). Li{sub 3}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 4} is characterized by two sites with a mixed Cu:Sn occupation. In contrast to all other Cu-Li-Sn compounds known so far, any mixed occupation was found for Cu-Li pairs only. In addition, one Li site is only half occupied. The second Sn rich phase is Li{sub 2}CuSn{sub 2} (space group I4{sub 1}/amd, a = 4.4281(15) Aa, c = 19.416(4) Aa; wR{sub 2} = 0.033; 213 unique F{sup 2}-values, 12 atom free variables); it is the only phase in the Cu-Li-Sn system which is noted for full ordering. Both crystal structures exhibit 3D-networks which host Li atoms in channels. They are important for understanding the lithiation mechanism in Cu-Sn electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

  8. Dosimetry characteristics of thermoluminescent Li2B4O7:Cu phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lakshmanan, A.R.; Chandra, B.; Bhatt, R.C.

    1981-01-01

    Preliminary investigations on the radiation dosimetry characteristics of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu TLD phosphor are described. The major TL peak in this phosphor occurs at 230 0 C and its TL sensitivity to gamma radiation is two to three times higher than that of LiF TLD-100. The gamma dose Vs TL response of this peak is linear (within +- 20%) in the dose range 0.3 mGy-3x10 2 Gy above which saturation sets in. Its TL response for 30 keV X-rays is about 20% lower than that for 60 Coγ-rays. On annealing at 300 0 C, the phosphor gets slightly discoloured (brownish). This results in the reduction of the TL sensitivity by about 20 - 25%. The phosphor does not exhibit either sensitization or damage even after a gamma dose of 10 3 Gy. The TL emission spectrum has a broad peak at 360 nm. The intrinsic TL sensitivity of virgin Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu to 253.7 nm UV radiation is nearly 50 times higher than that of CaSO 4 :Dy. The post-irradiation fading in Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu at ambient temperature and humidity conditions is, however, less than 10% in 17 days. These characteristics indicate that Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu is a promising phosphor for ionizing as well as UV radiation dosimetry. (author)

  9. Li vaporization property of two-phase material of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} for tritium breeder

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ogawa, Seiya [Course of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Masuko, Yuki; Kato, Hirokazu; Yuyama, Hayato; Sakai, Yutaro [Department of Prime Mover Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Niwa, Eiki; Hashimoto, Takuya [Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-8-1 Sakurajousui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550 (Japan); Mukai, Keisuke [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Hosino, Tsuyoshi [Breeding Functional Materials Development Group, Department of Blanket Systems Research, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Sector of Fusion Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-166 Obuch, Omotedate, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212 (Japan); Sasaki, Kazuya, E-mail: k_sasaki@tokai-u.jp [Course of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Department of Prime Mover Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); Course of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan)

    2015-10-15

    Highlights: • We synthesized two phase materials based on Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}. • We investigated the Li vaporization property of the two-phase materials. • Li vaporization occurs significantly from only Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} grains in the vicinity of the surface of the pellets. • The Li vaporization is remarkable only for an early short time for the vaporization from Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} grains at the vicinity of the surface. • The second stable phase added functions effectively for inhibition of the Li vaporization. - Abstract: Li vaporization property of two-phase materials of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} in a working condition for the solid tritium breeder used in the demonstration power plant of fusion reactor was investigated, and the suppression mechanism of the vaporization was considered. The Li vaporization rate from the specimen pellet was measured by gravimetric method, and the change of Li concentration distribution in the pellet was analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer. Li was vaporized only from the Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} at the vicinity of the surface of the pellet. The remarkable vaporization of Li arose only in an early short time. The inhibition of the vaporization from the Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} was successful by adding the small amount of the stable secondary phase of Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3}.

  10. Li4SiO4-Based Artificial Passivation Thin Film for Improving Interfacial Stability of Li Metal Anodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Ji Young; Kim, A-Young; Liu, Guicheng; Woo, Jae-Young; Kim, Hansung; Lee, Joong Kee

    2018-03-14

    An amorphous SiO 2 (a-SiO 2 ) thin film was developed as an artificial passivation layer to stabilize Li metal anodes during electrochemical reactions. The thin film was prepared using an electron cyclotron resonance-chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The obtained passivation layer has a hierarchical structure, which is composed of lithium silicide, lithiated silicon oxide, and a-SiO 2 . The thickness of the a-SiO 2 passivation layer could be varied by changing the processing time, whereas that of the lithium silicide and lithiated silicon oxide layers was almost constant. During cycling, the surface of the a-SiO 2 passivation layer is converted into lithium silicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ), and the portion of Li 4 SiO 4 depends on the thickness of a-SiO 2 . A minimum overpotential of 21.7 mV was observed at the Li metal electrode at a current density of 3 mA cm -2 with flat voltage profiles, when an a-SiO 2 passivation layer of 92.5 nm was used. The Li metal with this optimized thin passivation layer also showed the lowest charge-transfer resistance (3.948 Ω cm) and the highest Li ion diffusivity (7.06 × 10 -14 cm 2 s -1 ) after cycling in a Li-S battery. The existence of the Li 4 SiO 4 artificial passivation layer prevents the corrosion of Li metal by suppressing Li dendritic growth and improving the ionic conductivity, which contribute to the low charge-transfer resistance and high Li ion diffusivity of the electrode.

  11. Site Occupancies, Luminescence, and Thermometric Properties of LiY9(SiO4)6O2:Ce3+ Phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Weijie; Pan, Fengjuan; Zhou, Lei; Hou, Dejian; Huang, Yan; Tao, Ye; Liang, Hongbin

    2016-10-04

    In this work, we report the tunable emission properties of Ce 3+ in an apatite-type LiY 9 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 compound via adjusting the doping concentration or temperature. The occupancies of Ce 3+ ions at two different sites (Wyckoff 6h and 4f sites) in LiY 9 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 have been determined by Rietveld refinements. Two kinds of Ce 3+ f-d transitions have been studied in detail and then assigned to certain sites. The effects of temperature and doping concentration on Ce 3+ luminescence properties have been systematically investigated. It is found that the Ce 3+ ions prefer occupying Wyckoff 6h sites and the energy transfer between Ce 3+ at two sites becomes more efficient with an increase in doping concentration. In addition, the charge-transfer vibronic exciton (CTVE) induced by the existence of free oxygen ion plays an important role in the thermal quenching of Ce 3+ at 6h sites. Because of the tunable emissions from cyan to blue with increasing temperature, the phosphors LiY 9 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 :Ce 3+ are endowed with possible thermometric applications.

  12. Enhancement of photoluminescence properties and modification of crystal structures of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} doping Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 4}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Song, Kaixin, E-mail: kxsong@hdu.edu.cn [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Zhang, Fangfang [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Chen, Daqin [College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Wu, Song; Zheng, Peng [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Huang, Qingming [Instrument Analysis and Testing Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002 (China); Jiang, Jun [Ningbo Institute of Materials Technologies and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Xu, Junming; Qin, Huibin [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China)

    2015-10-15

    Highlights: • Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} modified Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 4}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were prepared. • The luminescence intensity of Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} was enhanced by doping Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. • The fluorescence decay times and thermal stability were enhanced by doping Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. - Abstract: Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} modified Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 4}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} (Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+}) phosphors were synthesized with the conventional solid-state reaction in the reduced atmosphere. The crystal structure and vibrational modes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy and Rietveld crystal structure refinement. Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra showed that Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} powder exhibited a broad yellow emission band centered at 560 nm under the excitation of 460 nm visible light, due to the 4f{sup 6}5d{sup 1} → 4f{sup 7} transition of Eu{sup 2+}. The partial nitridation of Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} (x = 0.01) phosphors led to a large enhancement in the luminescence intensity, as much as 190%. At the same time, the fluorescence decay behavior curves further showed that the photoluminescence efficiencies of Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were enhanced by addition of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. The temperature quenching characteristics confirmed that the oxynitride based Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} showed slightly higher stability. It is implied that Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 0.995}SiO{sub 43x/2}N{sub x}:0.005Eu{sup 2+} phosphors had a possible potential application on white LEDs to match blue light chips.

  13. Li_2ZrO_3-coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 with nanoscale interface for high performance lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Han; Liu, Yang; Wang, Ting; Yang, Yang; Shi, Shaojun; Yang, Gang

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Zr doped and Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 are prepared by a solid-state method. • Zr-doping and LZO coating are positive in improving lithium diffusion ability. • Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 deliver 168.1 mAh g"−"1 higher than 150.2 mAh g"−"1 of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2. • Li_2ZrO_3 coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 remains 162 mAh g"−"1 after 100 cycles. • The lowest D_L_i"+ is 5.97 × 10"−"1"7 and 1.85 × 10"−"1"5 cm"2 s"−"1 of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 before and after coating. - Abstract: Zr doped sample of Li_4Ti_4_._9_9Zr_0_._0_1O_1_2 (LZTO) and Li_2ZrO_3 (LZO) coated Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 (LTO) are prepared by a solid-state method. The lattice structure of LTO is remained after doping element of Zr and coating layer of LZO. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the material are investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and charge-discharge tests, respectively. Zr-doping and LZO coating play the positive role in improving the diffusion ability of lithium cations. LZTO and LZO-LTO show much improved specific capacity and rate capability compared with pristine sample of LTO. LZO-LTO has the smallest voltage differential (ΔV) of the redox peaks because the coating of Li_2ZrO_3 is helpful for the diffusion ability of lithium ions during charge/discharge processes. LZTO and LZO-LTO as electrode deliver the initial capacities of 164.8, 168.1 mAh g"−"1, respectively, which are much higher than 150.2 mAh g"−"1 of intrinsic sample of LTO. Even at the current density of 2 A g"−"1, LTZO and LZO-LTO offer capacity of 96 and 106 mAh g"−"1, which are much higher than 33 mAh g"−"1 of LTO. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the improved diffusion ability of lithium. During the whole discharge process, the lowest value of LTO is 5.97 × 10"−"1"7 cm"2 s"−"1 that is

  14. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of mesoporous Li2FeSiO4/C composite cathode material for Li-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Ajay; Jayakumar, O. D.; Bazzi, Khadije; Nazri, Gholam-Abbas; Naik, Vaman M.; Naik, Ratna

    2015-03-01

    Lithium iron silicate (Li2FeSiO4) has the potential as cathode for Li ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (~ 330 mAh/g) and improved safety. The application of Li2FeSiO4 as cathode material has been challenged by its poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium ion diffusion in the solid phase. In order to solve these problems, we have synthesized mesoporous Li2FeSiO4/C composites by sol-gel method using the tri-block copolymer (P123) as carbon source. The phase purity and morphology of the composite materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of ~ 12 nm size Li2FeSiO4 crystallites in composites annealed at 600 °C for 6 h under argon atmosphere. The electrochemical properties are measured using the composite material as positive electrode in a standard coin cell configuration with lithium as the active anode and the cells were tested using AC impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. The Li2FeSiO4/C composites showed a discharge capacity of ~ 240 mAh/g at a rate of C/30 at room temperature. The effect of different annealing temperature and synthesis time on the electrochemical performance of Li2FeSiO4/C will be presented.

  15. Temperature stability of c-axis oriented LiNbO3/SiO2/Si thin film layered structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tomar, Monika; Gupta, Vinay; Mansingh, Abhai; Sreenivas, K.

    2001-01-01

    Theoretical calculations have been performed for the temperature stability of the c-axis oriented LiNbO 3 thin film layered structures on passivated silicon (SiO 2 /Si) substrate with and without a non-piezoelectric SiO 2 overlayer. The phase velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) have been calculated. The thicknesses of various layers have been determined for optimum SAW performance with zero TCD. The presence of a non-piezoelectric SiO 2 overlayer on LiNbO 3 film is found to significantly enhance the coupling coefficient. The optimized results reveal that a high coupling coefficient of K 2 =3.45% and a zero TCD can be obtained in the SiO 2 /LiNbO 3 /SiO 2 /Si structure with a 0.235λ thick LiNbO 3 layer sandwiched between 0.1λ thick SiO 2 layers. (author)

  16. Surface crystallization in a Li{sub 2}O-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass; Cristalizacao de superficie em vidro do sistema Li{sub 2}O-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, Antonio Pedro Novaes de; Teixeira, Alexandre Henrique Bortolotto; Venturelli, Hugo Henrique, E-mail: bortolotto_teixeira@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: venturellihugo@gmail.com, E-mail: antonio.pedro@ufsc.br [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (VITROCER/PGMAT/UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Laboratorio de Materiais Vitroceramicos; Montedo, Oscar Rubem Klegues, E-mail: oscar.rkm@gmail.com [Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (CERTEC/PPGCEM/UNESC), Criciuma, SC (Brazil). Grupo de Pesquisa em Ceramica Tecnica

    2017-04-15

    Growth kinetics of crystallized surface layer in a LZSA glass composition, 11.7Li{sub 2}O·12.6ZrO{sub 2}·68.6SiO{sub 2}·7.1Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (wt%), was studied. For the production of the LZSA glass, it was used commercial raw materials (Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, ZrSiO{sub 4}, SiO{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) which were mixed and melted at 1550 °C for 120 min and then poured into a metallic mold. Samples of the obtained glass were cut and subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures (825 - 925 °C) and times (30 - 150 min) for formation and growth of crystalline layer. Cross-sections of the heat-treated samples were ground and polished such that images of the formed crystallized layers could be visualized and measured by microscopy. Results showed that it is possible to obtain LZSA glasses with crystallized layers formed by β-spodumene, zircon and lithium silicate, which present thicknesses between 13 and 665 μ and grow at rates varying from 0.4 to 4.8 μm/min in the studied temperature range. (author)

  17. Design and research on the measurement platform of the effective thermal conductivity for Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble bed

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Yuanjie, E-mail: yuanjli@ustc.edu.cn; Yang, Wanli; Jin, Cheng; Zhao, Pinghui; Chen, Hongli

    2015-10-15

    China is carrying out the conceptual design of Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR), and the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) blanket concept is one of the main choices for tritium production. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} are the candidate breeder materials for the HCPB blanket concept. In the HCPB blanket, breeding pebbles with the diameter range of 0.6–1.2 mm are placed between two plates and the bed shall be cooled. Accordingly, effective thermal conductivity of pebble beds needs to be determined for the heat transfer calculation. Measurements of the heat transfer parameters of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}TiO{sub 3} pebble beds are being performed at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Two measurement methods are being used. One is the steady state method with the use of thermocouples to measure the temperature distribution of the pebble bed. Another is transient thermal probe method using the temperature variation of the thermal probe and Monte Carlo inversion method to calculate the heat transfer parameters of the pebble bed. This paper will report on the progress of these measurement platforms.

  18. Deposition of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films on the lithium-ion conductor of Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu, Xian Ming, E-mail: xianmingwu@163.com [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou Hunan 416000 (China); Xiangxi Minerals and New Materials Research and Service Center, Jishou Hunan 416000 (China); Chen, Shang [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou Hunan 416000 (China); Xiangxi Minerals and New Materials Research and Service Center, Jishou Hunan 416000 (China); He, Ze Qiang; Chen, Shou Bin; Li, Run Xiu [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou Hunan 416000 (China)

    2015-08-31

    LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} films were deposited on the lithium-ion conductor of Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet by spray technique. The effect of annealing temperature, annealing time, Li:Ti and Li:Mn molar ratio on the phase and crystallization of the films were investigated with X-ray diffraction. The LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}/Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} thin-film lithium-ion battery using Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet as both electrolyte and substrate was also studied. The results show that the effect of annealing temperature, annealing time, Li:Ti and Li:Mn molar ratio has great effect on the phase and crystallization of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films deposited on the Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet. The optimal Li:Ti and Li:Mn molar ratio for the deposition of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films on Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet are 7.2:5 and 1.05:2, respectively. The optimal annealing temperature and time for the deposition of LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} film on Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet are 650 °C and 10 min. While those for Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} film are 700 °C and 10 min. The LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}/Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} thin-film battery offers a working voltage about 2.25 V and can be easily cycled. - Highlights: • LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} films spray deposited on Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1.7}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} sintered pellet • Film crystal phase depends on the spray solution composition and annealing conditions. • Prepared thin-film lithium-ion battery employs sintered pellet as electrolyte and substrate. • LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/Li{sub 1.3}Al{sub 0.3}Ti{sub 1

  19. Enhanced electrochemical properties of F-doped Li2MnSiO4/C for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chao; Xu, Youlong; Sun, Xiaofei; Zhang, Baofeng; Chen, Yanjun; He, Shengnan

    2018-02-01

    The Li2MnSiO4 as a novel cathode material for lithium ion batteries, performs high specific capacity, high thermal stability, low cost and etc. However, it suffers from relatively low electronic conductivity and lithium ion diffusion rate. Herein, we successfully introduce fluorine to Li2MnSiO4 (Li2MnSiO4-xFx, x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) to overcome these obstacles. The results show that F doping not only enlarges the lattice parameters but also decreases the particle size, synergistically improving the lithium ion diffusion of Li2MnSiO4. Moreover, F doping increase electronic conductivity of Li2MnSiO4/C by inhibiting the formation of C-O bonds in the carbon layers. Meanwhile, F doping improves the crystallinity and stabilizes the crystal structure of Li2MnSiO4. Finally, the Li2MnSiO3.97F0.03/C with the best electrochemical performances delivers the initial specific discharge capacity of 279 mA h g-1 at 25mA g-1 current density from 1.5 V to 4.8 V. Also, it maintains a higher capacity (201 mA h g-1) than F-free Li2MnSiO4 (145 mA h g-1) after 50 cycles.

  20. Dosimetric characteristics of Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P solid TL detectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Proki, M.

    2002-01-01

    The main dosimetric characteristics are presented of newly prepared tissue-equivalent, highly sensitive thermoluminescent detector, Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,Ag,P in the form of sintered pellets, developed at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vin a . As a result of an advancement in the preparation procedure by the sensitising of basic copper activated lithium borate TL material, significant improvement in the TL sensitivity of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,Ag,P was gained. The glow curve of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,Ag,P consists of well defined main dosimetric peak situated at about 185-190 deg. C with the TL sensitivity which is about four to five times higher than that of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100). From the experimental results a very wide linear dose response range, up to 10 3 Gy is evident. Dosimetric characteristics make sintered solid Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,Ag,P TL detectors very promising for different dosimetry applications particularly in medical dosimetry and also for individual monitoring. (author)

  1. Thermoluminescence and radioluminescence properties of tissue equivalent Cu-doped Li2B4O7 for radiation dosimetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cruz Z, E.; Furetta, C.; Marcazzo, J.; Santiago, M.; Guarneros, C.; Pacio, M.; Palomino, R.

    2015-10-01

    Thermoluminescence (Tl) and radioluminescence (Rl) properties of lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ) doped with different concentration of copper (0.25, 0.5, 1 wt %) under gamma and beta irradiation has been investigated. The feasibility of using this borate in radiation dosimetry at low doses has been evaluated. Tissue equivalent Li 2 B 4 O 7 was prepared by solid state reaction using mixing stoichiometric compositions of lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) and a solution of CuCl 2 as dopant. The glow curve, of the most efficient copper doped borate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu 0.5 wt %), shows a main stable peak centered at 225 degrees C and a second low temperature peak centered at 80 degrees C. The low temperature peak disappears completely after 24 hours of storage in darkness and at room temperature or after an annealing at 120 degrees C for 10 seconds. The main peak of the Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu remains constant. The Tl response of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu shows good linearity in the analyzed dose range. The stability and repeatability of Rl signals of the borate have been studied and the Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu (0.5 wt %) shown the higher Rl emission and a stable and repetitive response. Results show that Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu has prospects to be used in gamma and beta radiation dosimetry. (Author)

  2. Luminescence characteristics and glow curves analysis of Cu"+ doped Li_3PO_4 phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aghalte, G.A.; Dhoble, S.J.; Pawar, N.R.

    2016-01-01

    Li_3PO_4:Cu exhibits useful TL properties in personnel dosimetry of ionizing radiations. Cu is known to be one of the most efficient activator. The PL intensity is found to increase consistently with the increasing quenching temperature. Cu"+ doped Li_3PO_4 phosphor was synthesized by the wet chemical co-precipitation method. The crystal structure and particle morphology of the phosphor was investigated by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Li_3PO_4:Cu is excellent phosphor for TL dosimetry. For the synthesis of Li_3PO_4:Cu phosphor the stoichiometric amounts of LiOH·H_2O and CuSO_4·"5H_2O were dissolved separately and then the solutions were mixed together. It was precipitated by using concentrated H_3PO_4. The precipitate was filtered out immediately and kept 12 hours below IR lamp. Prepared dry Li_3PO_4:Cu powder was then put on 2.5 wt% NH_4Cl in graphite crucible in preheated furnace at 800°C and was kept for 1 hour. It was then rapidly quenched to room temperature. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves were recorded on Nucleonix TL Reader with a heating rate of 2°C per second in the temperature range of 50-250°C. The PMT voltage was 750 volts. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried out by Hitachi F-4000 spectrophotometer with a spectral slit width of 1.5 nm

  3. The phase transformation and crystallization kinetics of (1 - x)Li2O-xNa2O-Al2O3-4SiO2 glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Moo-Chin; Li, Wang-Long; Cheng, Chih-Wei; Chang, Kuo-Ming; Chen, Yong-Feng; Hsi, Chi-Shiung

    2010-01-01

    The phase transformation and crystallization kinetics of (1 - x)Li 2 O-xNa 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -4SiO 2 glasses have been studied by using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) analysis. The crystallization temperature at the exothermic peak increases from 1171 to 1212 K when the Na 2 O content increases from 0 to 0.6 mol. The crystalline phase is composed of spodumene crystallization when the Na 2 O content increases from 0 to 0.6 mol. The activation energy of spodumene crystallization decreases from 444.0 ± 22.2 to 284.0 ± 10.8 kJ mol -1 when the Na 2 O content increases from 0 to 0.4 mol. Moreover, the activation energy increases from 284.0 ± 10.8 to 446.0 ± 23.2 kJ mol -1 when the Na 2 O content increases from 0.4 to 0.6 mol. The crystallization parameters m and n approach 2, indicating that the surface nucleation and two-dimensional growth are dominant in (1 - x)Li 2 O-xNa 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -4SiO 2 glasses.

  4. Graphene supported Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}/Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} nanocomposites with improved electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Qiufen, E-mail: grp2009wqf@163.com; Yang, Shuai; Miao, Juan, E-mail: miaojuan@hpu.edu.cn; Lu, Mengwei; Wen, Tao; Sun, Jiufang

    2017-05-01

    Highlights: • We synthesized Graphene supported Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}@Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. • The discharge capacity is 399.2 mAh g{sup −1} at the current density of 150 mA g{sup −1} after 200 cycles. • The charge rate capacities retain 89.1% at the current density from 150 mA g{sup −1} to 750 mA g{sup −1}. • The recovery rates of the charge capacities are 91.0% when returned the current density of 150 mA g{sup −1}. - Abstract: Graphene supported Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}@Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (GE@LSO/LTO) nanocomposites have been synthesized via a hydrothermal route and following calcination. LSO/LTO nanospheres are adhered to the graphene nanosheets with the size of 50–100 nm, in which both LSO and LTO particles are attached together. When tested as the anode for lithium ion batteries, the initial discharge and charge capacities of GE@LSO/LTO are 720.6 mAh g{sup −1} and 463.4 mAh g{sup −1} at the current density of 150 mA g{sup −1}. After 200 cycles, the discharge and charge capacities can be remained of 399.2 mAh g{sup −1} and 398.9 mAh g{sup −1}, respectively. Moreover, the charge rate capacities of GE@LSO/LTO composites retain 89.1% at the range of current density from 150 mA g{sup −1} to 750 mA g{sup −1}. And its recovery rates are 91.0% when the current density back to 150 mA g{sup −1}. In addition, the reversible capacity and cycle stability of GE@LSO/LTO are better than that of LTO and LSO/LTO. The reasons can be attributed to the synergistic effect between GE and LSO/LTO as well as the features of GE supports.

  5. Li2Sr4B12O23: A new alkali and alkaline-earth metal mixed borate with [B10O18]6− network and isolated [B2O5]4− unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Min; Pan Shilie; Han Jian; Yang Zhihua; Su Xin; Zhao Wenwu

    2012-01-01

    A novel ternary lithium strontium borate Li 2 Sr 4 B 12 O 23 crystal with size up to 20 mm×10 mm×4 mm has been grown via the top-seeded solution growth method below 730 °C. Single-crystal XRD analyses showed that Li 2 Sr 4 B 12 O 23 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c with a=6.4664(4) Å, b=8.4878(4) Å, c=15.3337(8) Å, β=102.02(3)°, Z=2. The crystal structure is composed of [B 10 O 18 ] 6− network and isolated [B 2 O 5 ] 4− unit. The IR spectrum further confirmed the presence of both BO 3 and BO 4 groups. TG-DSC and Transmission spectrum were reported. Band structures and density of states were calculated. - Graphical abstract: A new phase, Li 2 Sr 4 B 12 O 23 , has been discovered in the ternary M 2 O–M′O–B 2 O 3 (M=alkali-metal, M′=alkalineearth metal) system. The crystal structure consists of [B 10 O 18 ] 6− network and isolated [B 2 O 5 ] 4− unit. Highlights: ► Li 2 Sr 4 B 12 O 23 is a a novel borate discovered in the M 2 O–M′O–B 2 O 3 (M=alkali-metal, M′=alkaline-earth metal) system. ► Li 2 Sr 4 B 12 O 23 crystal structure has a three-dimensional crystal structure with [B 10 O 18 ] 6− network and isolated [B 2 O 5 ] 4− unit. ► Sr 1 and Sr 2 are located in two different channels constructed by 3 ∞ [B 10 O 18 ] network.

  6. Crystallization behavior of Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses; Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-CaO-SiO2 kei glass no kessho sekishutsu kyodo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsutsumi, K.; Otake, J.; Nagasaka, T.; Hino, M. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

    1998-06-01

    It has been known that crystallization of mold powder is effective on the disturbance of heat transfer between mold and solidified shell in production of middle carbon steel slabs in continuous casting process. But it has not yet been made clear which composition of mold powder is the most suitable for crystallization. The crystallization behavior of Li2O-SiO2, Na2O-SiO2 and Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glasses was observed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and hot-thermocouple methods with DTA in the present work. As a result, addition of alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal oxides to SiO2 increased the critical cooling rate for glass formation in binary system of Li2O-SiO2 and Na2O-SiO2 and Li2O-SiO2 system crystallized easier than Na2O-SiO2 system. In ternary system of Na2O-CaO-SiO2, addition of Na2O hurried the critical cooling rate at CaO/SiO2=0.93 mass ratio, but the rate was almost constant in the composition range of more than 15 mass% Na2O. The slag of CaO/SiO2=0.93 made the rate faster than the slag of CaO/SiO2=0.47 at constant content of 10mass% Na2O. 17 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

  7. Beta radiation induced luminescence of polycrystalline Cu-doped Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cruz-Zaragoza, E., E-mail: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx [Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70543, México D.F. 04510, México (Mexico); Furetta, C. [Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70543, México D.F. 04510, México (Mexico); Marcazzó, J.; Santiago, M. [Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco (UNCPBA) and CIFICEN (UNCPBA – CICPBA – CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil (Argentina); Guarneros, C. [Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología Avanzada- IPN, Carretera Puerto Industrial Altamira Km 14.5, 896000 Altamira, Tamaulipas, México (Mexico); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940 México D.F., México (Mexico); Pacio, M. [Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. 14 Sur, 72570 Puebla, México (Mexico); Palomino, R. [Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, México (Mexico)

    2016-11-15

    Thermoluminescence (TL) and radioluminescence (RL) properties of polycrystalline lithium tetraborate (Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}) doped with different concentrations of copper (0.25, 0.5, 1 wt %) under beta irradiation have been investigated. The feasibility of using this borate in radiation dosimetry at low doses has been evaluated. Tissue equivalent Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7} was prepared by solid state reaction using mixing stoichiometric compositions of lithium carbonate (Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) and boric acid (H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}) and a solution of CuCl{sub 2} as dopant. The glow curve of the most efficient copper doped borate (Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu 0.5 wt %) shows a main stable peak centered at 225 °C and a second low temperature peak centered at 80 °C. The low temperature peak fades completely after 24 h of storage in darkness and at room temperature or after an annealing at 120 °C for 10 s. The main peak of the Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu remains constant. The TL response of Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu shows good linearity in the analyzed dose range. The stability and repeatability of RL signals of the borate have been studied and the Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu (0.5 wt %) shows the higher RL emission and a stable and repetitive response. Results show that polycrystalline Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu has prospects to be used in beta radiation dosimetry. - Highlights: • Polycrystalline Cu-doped lithium tetraborate (LTB) was obtained by high temperature solid state reaction. • Beta-irradiated LTB:Cu (0.5 wt %) showed to have the highest TL and RL response. • A very good TL linearity in the dose range from 0.01 up to 100 Gy was obtained. • No fading is observed when an annealing at 120 °C for 10 s is carried out. • Results show that LTB:Cu has good prospects to be used in beta radiation dosimetry.

  8. Coating effect of LiFePO4 and Al2O3 on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode surface for lithium ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seteni, Bonani; Rapulenyane, Nomasonto; Ngila, Jane Catherine; Mpelane, Siyasanga; Luo, Hongze

    2017-06-01

    Lithium-manganese-rich cathode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is prepared by combustion method, and then coated with nano-sized LiFePO4 and nano-sized Al2O3 particles via a wet chemical process. The as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, LiFePO4-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 and Al2O3-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy shows the agglomeration of the materials and their nanoparticle size ∼100 nm. The transmission electron microscopy confirms that LiFePO4 forms a rough mat-like surface and Al2O3 remain as islandic particles on the surface of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material. The Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 coated with LiFePO4 and Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 coated with Al2O3 exhibits improved electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacity is enhanced to 267 mAhg-1 after the LiFePO4 coating and 285 mAhg-1 after the Al2O3 coating compared to the as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material that has an initial discharge capacity of 243 mAhg-1. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests at C/10 display longer activation of Li2MnO3 phase and higher capacity retention of 88% after 20 cycles for Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-LiFePO4 compared to Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-Al2O3 of 80% after 20 cycles and LMNC of 80% after 20 cycles. Meanwhile Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-LiFePO4 also shows higher rate capability compared to Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2-Al2O3.

  9. Temperature stability of c-axis oriented LiNbO{sub 3}/SiO{sub 2}/Si thin film layered structures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tomar, Monika [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi (India)]. E-mail: mtomar@physics.du.ac.in; monikatomar@rediffmail.com; Gupta, Vinay; Mansingh, Abhai; Sreenivas, K. [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi (India)

    2001-08-07

    Theoretical calculations have been performed for the temperature stability of the c-axis oriented LiNbO{sub 3} thin film layered structures on passivated silicon (SiO{sub 2}/Si) substrate with and without a non-piezoelectric SiO{sub 2} overlayer. The phase velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) have been calculated. The thicknesses of various layers have been determined for optimum SAW performance with zero TCD. The presence of a non-piezoelectric SiO{sub 2} overlayer on LiNbO{sub 3} film is found to significantly enhance the coupling coefficient. The optimized results reveal that a high coupling coefficient of K{sup 2}=3.45% and a zero TCD can be obtained in the SiO{sub 2}/LiNbO{sub 3}/SiO{sub 2}/Si structure with a 0.235{lambda} thick LiNbO{sub 3} layer sandwiched between 0.1{lambda} thick SiO{sub 2} layers. (author)

  10. Functionalization of Fe3O4/SiO2 with N-(2-Aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl for Sorption of [AuCl4]-

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuryono Nuryono

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2 modified with N-(2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl group (Fe3O4/SiO2/ED via coating method and its application for adsorption-desorption of anionic gold in aqueous solution have been conducted. The synthesized product was characterized with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR spectrophotometer and a transmission electron microscopy (TEM. Adsorption of Au(III was conducted in a batch system and the variables included pH, contact time, and initial concentration were investigated. Results showed that magnetite/silica has been successfully functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl in a homogeneous system. Kinetics study showed that adsorption of Au(III followed the pseudo-second order model with rate constant of 0.710 g mmol L-1min-1. Furthermore, the experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacity for Au(III of 142.9 mg g-1 and the energy of 25.0 kJ mol-1. Gold loaded on the Fe3O4/SiO2/ED could be easily desorbed with 0.2 mol L-1 HCl containing 2 wt.% of thiourea with recovery of 99.8%. Fe3O4/SiO2/ED was reusable and stable in 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption with recovery more than 90%. Fe3O4/SiO2/ED showed high selectivity towards Au(III in the multimetal system Au(III/Cu(II/Cr(VI with the coefficient selectivity for αAu-Cu of 227.5and for αAu-Cr of 12.3.

  11. Towards understanding the thermoanalysis of water sorption on lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ortiz-Landeros, J.; Martinez-dlCruz, L.; Gomez-Yanez, C.; Pfeiffer, H.

    2011-01-01

    A systematic thermogravimetric study of hygroscopic and reactivity behaviors, at low temperatures of lithium orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ), are presented. Li 4 SiO 4 sample was prepared by solid-state reaction and then treated at different temperature-humidity conditions. Li 4 SiO 4 samples previously treated under different temperature-humidity conditions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Different processes, adsorption and absorption, take place between the Li 4 SiO 4 and water vapor. Absorbed water produces superficial hydroxylated species such as Si-OH and Li-OH. In addition, a kinetic analysis was performed, and the different water absorption activation enthalpies were calculated. It was found that activation enthalpy (ΔH) values decrease when the relative humidity is incremented, from 5528.6 J/mol to 2074.2 J/mol at relative humidity levels of 60% and 75% respectively. These results show the impact of different humidity and temperature conditions on the stability and/or chemical reactivity of Li 4 SiO 4 , if this ceramic is used in different application fields, such as carbon dioxide captor or as a breeder ceramic into the fusion reactors.

  12. Summary of mechanical properties data and correlations for Li2O, Li4SiO4, LiAlO2, and Be

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billone, M.C.; Grayhack, W.T.

    1988-04-01

    The data base for thermal expansion, elastic constants, compressive and tensile failure strengths and secondary thermal creep of leading solid-breeder (Li 2 O, Li 4 SiO 4 , and LiAlO 2 ) and multiplier (Be) materials is reviewed, porosity, grain size, and stress (for thermal creep). Because the data base is rather sparse in some areas, general properties of ceramics and metals are used to help guide the formulation of the correlations. The primary purpose of the data base summary and correlation development is to pave the way for stress analysis sensitivity studies. These studies will help determine which properties are important enough to structural lifetime and deformation assessments to require more data. 18 refs., 5 figs., 20 tabs

  13. Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-TETA functionalized graphene oxide for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and Cu(II)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Fan; Zhang, Lijuan; Wang, Yeying; Liu, Xijian; Rohani, Sohrab; Lu, Jie

    2017-10-01

    The graphene oxide (GO) functionalized by Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-TETA nanoparticles, Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-TETA-GO, was firstly fabricated in a mild way as a novel adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The magnetic composites showed a good dispersity in water and can be conveniently collected for reuse through magnetic separation due to its excellent magnetism. When the Fe3O4@SiO2@CS- TETA-GO was used as an absorbent for the absorption of MB and Cu(II), the adsorption kinetics and isotherms data well fitted the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, respectively. Under the optimized pH and initial concentration, the maximum adsorption capacity was about 529.1 mg g-1 for MB in 20 min and 324.7 mg g-1 for Cu(II) in 16 min, respectively, exhibiting a better adsorption performance than other GO-based adsorbents reported recently. More importantly, the synthesized adsorbent could be effectively regenerated and repeatedly utilized without significant capacity loss after six times cycles. All the results demonstrated that Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-TETA-GO could be used as an excellent adsorbent for the adsorption of Cu(II) and MB in many fields.

  14. Enhanced cycling stability of microsized LiCoO2 cathode by Li4Ti5O12 coating for lithium ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yi, Ting-Feng; Shu, J.; Yue, Cai-Bo; Zhu, Xiao-Dong; Zhou, An-Na; Zhu, Yan-Rong; Zhu, Rong-Sun

    2010-01-01

    The effect of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) coating amount on the electrochemical cycling behavior of the LiCoO 2 cathode was investigated at the high upper voltage limit of 4.5 V. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (≤5 wt.%) is not incorporated into the host structure and leads to formation of uniform coating. The cycling performance of LiCoO 2 cathode is related with the amount of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 coating. The initial capacity of the LTO-coated LiCoO 2 decreased with increasing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 coating amount but showed enhanced cycling properties, compared to those of pristine material. The 3 wt.% LTO-coated LiCoO 2 has the best electrochemical performance, showing capacity retention of 97.3% between 2.5 V and 4.3 V and 85.1% between 2.5 V and 4.5 V after 40 cycles. The coulomb efficiency shows that the surface coating of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is beneficial to the reversible intercalation/de-intercalation of Li + . LTO-coated LiCoO 2 provides good prospects for practical application of lithium secondary batteries free from safety issues.

  15. Synthesis of double molybdates of copper (1) and trivalent metals, CuR(MoO4)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klevtsov, P.V.; Perepelitsa, A.P.; Sinkevich, A.V.; Ishchenko, V.N.; Fomenko, V.V.; Nagornyj, P.G.; AN SSSR, Novosibirsk. Inst. Neorganicheskoj Khimii)

    1987-01-01

    The method of Cu 2 O solid-phase synthesis was applied to prepare CuR(MoO 4 ) 2 in the vacuum at 480-500 deg C. Cu 2 O, R 2 O 3 and MoO 3 or R 2 '(MoO 4 ) 2 (R'=Ce, Pr, Tb) and MoO 3 were the initial components. The methods of X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy were applied to discover 5 types of compound structures. Among them only CuIn(MoO 4 ) 2 is found crystallized in the known structural type LiFe(WO 4 ) 2 (modification of tungstite structure, (Fe,Mn)WO 4 ). Thermal behaviour of double molybdates is studied thermographically

  16. Collinear order in the frustrated spin-(1)/(2) antiferromagnet Li{sub 2}CuW{sub 2}O{sub 8}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsirlin, Alexander A. [NICPB, Tallinn (Estonia); Nath, Ramesh; Ranjith, Kumar [Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Trivandrum (India); Kasinathan, Deepa [MPI CPfS, Dresden (Germany); Skoulatos, Markos [Laboratory of Neutron Scattering, PSI, Villigen (Switzerland)

    2015-07-01

    Li{sub 2}CuW{sub 2}O{sub 8} is a three-dimensional spin-(1)/(2) antiferromagnet that features collinear spin order despite abundant magnetic frustration that would normally trigger a non-collinear incommensurate order, at least on the classical level. Using density-functional calculations, we establish the spin lattice comprising two non-coplanar triangular networks that introduce frustration along all three crystallographic directions. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity reveal a 1D-like magnetic response, which is, however, inconsistent with the naive spin-chain model. Moreover, the high saturation field of 29 T compared to the susceptibility maximum at as low as 8.5 K give strong evidence for the importance of interchain couplings and the magnetic frustration. Below T{sub N} ≅ 3.9 K, Li{sub 2}CuW{sub 2}O{sub 8} develops collinear magnetic order with parallel spins along a and c and antiparallel spins along b. The ordered moment is about 0.7 μ{sub B} according to neutron powder diffraction. This qualifies Li{sub 2}CuW{sub 2}O{sub 8} as a unique three-dimensional spin-(1)/(2) antiferromagnet, where collinear magnetic order is stabilized by quantum fluctuations.

  17. Li{sub 2}MnSiO{sub 4} as a potential Li-battery cathode material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dominko, R.; Bele, M.; Gaberscek, M.; Jamnik, J. [National Institute of Chemistry, P.O.B. 660, SI-1001 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Kokalj, A. [Institute Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)

    2007-12-06

    Recently we synthesized and preliminary characterized a new material for potential use in Li-battery cathodes: Li{sub 2}MnSiO{sub 4}. Although its theoretical capacity is about 330 mAh g{sup -1}, the actual measurements showed a much smaller value (about 120 mAh g{sup -1}). One of the reasons for the poor performance could be the poor electronic conductivity (<10{sup -14} S cm{sup -1} at RT) causing a huge polarization during charge-discharge. However, in the present paper we show that reducing the particle size down to the range of 20-50 nm and additional particle embedment into a carbon phase does not significantly improve the electrochemistry of Li{sub 2}MnSiO{sub 4}. Observations of structural changes during the first charge shows a complete loss of peaks when reaching the nominal composition of ca. Li{sub 1}MnSiO{sub 4}. The peaks are not recovered during subsequent cycling. It is supposed that extraction of Li causes significant structural changes so that the resulting material is only able to reversibly exchange a limited amount of Li. (author)

  18. A facile synthesis of Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C composites as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Rong; Wang, Liqing; Deng, Kunfa; Lv, Mengni; Xu, Yunhua

    2016-01-01

    The novel Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C has been successfully synthesized by a feasible solution process in ternary system. The spherical carbon-coated composites are obtained using a heat treatment in the presence of sucrose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram displays that the Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with a space group of Pmn21. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mappings indicate that Fe, Mn and Ni elements are distributed homogenously in Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C nano-spherical particle with size less than 50 nm. The lithium storage capacity and cycling performance of the Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C presents good results when tested as cathode materials in lithium cells at room temperature. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 181.4 mAh g"−"1 and a discharge capacity of 172.9 mAh g"−"1 after 20 cycles at 0.1C in the voltage range of 1.5–4.6V. Furthermore, it also exhibits an excellent rate capability with a capacity under different current densities of about 144.0 mAh g"−"1 (0.2 C), 117.9 mAh g"−"1 (0.5 C), 106.1 mAh g"−"1 (1 C), respectively and a good capacity cycling maintenance of 153.7 mAh g"−"1 after 60 cycles. Above results indicate that the spherical Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C becomes a very promising candidate for cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. - Highlights: • Li_2Fe_1_/_3Mn_1_/_3Ni_1_/_3SiO_4/C was obtained by solution process in a ternary system. • The material was pure phase ternary solid solution with tetrahedral morphology. • The spherical particle size was less than 50 nm with graphitized carbon coating. • The nanocomposite revealed high discharge capacity and excellent rate capability.

  19. Grain growth behavior of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles fabricated by agar method for tritium breeder

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xiang, Maoqiao [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhang, Yingchun, E-mail: zycustb@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhang, Yun; Wang, Chaofu; Liu, Wei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083 (China); Yu, Yonghong [Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 (China)

    2016-11-15

    Highlights: • Grain sizes of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} were adjusted by different silicon sources. • Grain growth exponent of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was about 3. • Grain growth activation energy of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was about 125.54 kJ/mol. • Grain growth of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebble was controlled by vapor transport. - Abstract: The Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} tritium breeding pebbles will be filled in the blanket and used for 2 years or more at high temperatures, which would increase the grain size and affect tritium release. Hence, grain sizes of the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles fabricated by agar method were investigated, and two kinds of different silicon sources (crystal and amorphous SiO{sub 2}) with different particle sizes were used. The particle size of SiO{sub 2} could affect grain size and density of the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebble. And the isothermal sintering was carried out to study the grain growth kinetics of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}. The grain growth exponent (n) and the activation energy (Q) were calculated by the phenomenological kinetic equation. The calculated n values were 4.10, 3.98, 3.34 and 2.96, and corresponding Q values were 152.15, 147.99, 125.54 and 110.58 kJ/mol, respectively. At the higher sintering temperatures (950 and 1000 °C), the grain growth of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was controlled by vapor transport.

  20. Interdiffusion studies on high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films on Si(111) with a NiSi2/ZrO2 buffer layer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aarnink, W.A.M.; Blank, D.H.A.; Adelerhof, D.J.

    1991-01-01

    Interdiffusion studies on high-T(c) superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films with thickness in the range of 2000-3000 angstrom, on a Si(111) substrate with a buffer layer have been performed. The buffer layer consists of a 400 angstrom thick epitaxial NiSi2 layer covered with 1200 angstrom...... of polycrystalline ZrO2. YBa2Cu3O7-delta films were prepared using laser ablation. The YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on the Si/NiSi2/ZrO2 substrates are of good quality; their critical temperatures T(c,zero) and T(c,onset) have typical values of 85 and 89 K, respectively. The critical current density j(c) at 77 K equaled 4...... x 10(4) A/cm2. With X-ray analysis (XRD), only c-axis orientation has been observed. The interdiffusion studies, using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) show that the ZrO2 buffer layer prevents severe Si diffusion to the YBa2Cu3O7-delta layer, the Si...

  1. Light emissions from LiNbO sub 3 /SiO sub 2 /Si structures

    CERN Document Server

    Wu, X L; Tang, N; Deng, S S; Bao, X M

    2003-01-01

    LiNbO sub 3 (LN) films with a high degree of (006) texture were deposited on Si-based dense SiO sub 2 layers by pulsed laser deposition. After annealing, the LN/SiO sub 2 /Si structures were revealed to have ultraviolet-, green-, and red-emitting properties related to self-trapped excitons and E' defect pairs in the SiO sub 2 surface, which are induced by the photorefractive effect of the LN films. The emission wavelength can be tuned by introducing different dopants into the LN films. Waveguiding properties of the structures were demonstrated. The results obtained indicate that the LN/SiO sub 2 /Si structures could be expected to have important applications in modern optoelectronic integration. (letter to the editor)

  2. The Li–Si–(O)–N system revisited: Structural characterization of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Casas-Cabanas, M. [CIC energiGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 48, ED.CIC, 01510 Miñano (Spain); Santner, H. [Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia (Spain); Palacín, M.R., E-mail: rosa.palacin@icmab.es [Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia (Spain)

    2014-05-01

    A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. The synthetic conditions to prepare Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are described and the structure of the last two compounds has been solved for the first time. While Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructure of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Graphical abstract: A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructure of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Highlights: • Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are prepared. • The structures of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are presented. • Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} exhibits an anti-fluorite superstructure with Li and Si ordering.

  3. Blue to bluish-green tunable phosphor Sr2LiSiO4F:Ce3+,Tb3+ and efficient energy transfer for near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie, Mubiao; Zeng, Lihua; Ye, TingLi; Yang, Xi; Zhu, Xianmei; Peng, Siyun; Lei, Lei

    2014-01-01

    Ce 3+ and Tb 3+ activated Sr 2 LiSiO 4 F phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction technique at high temperature, and their ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopic properties were investigated. Under ultraviolet light excitation, Ce 3+ -doped Sr 2 LiSiO 4 F phosphors emit blue light (420 nm), while Tb 3+ -doped phosphors show yellowish green emission. Efficient energy transfer from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ ions in co-doped samples was confirmed in terms of corresponding excitation and emission spectra. The energy transfer mechanism between Ce 3+ and Tb 3+ was discussed and demonstrated to be dipole–dipole interaction in Sr 2 LiSiO 4 F:Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ phosphors. Due to energy transfer from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ , Ce 3+ and Tb 3+ co-doped Sr 2 LiSiO 4 F phosphors show intense absorption in near-UV region, and present tunable emission from blue to bluish green under 360 nm light excitation. The results indicate that these phosphors can be considered as candidates for white LEDs pumped by n-UV chips. (paper)

  4. Thermoluminescence and radioluminescence properties of tissue equivalent Cu-doped Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7} for radiation dosimetry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cruz Z, E.; Furetta, C. [UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Apdo. Postal 70543, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Marcazzo, J.; Santiago, M. [Instituto de Fisica Arroyo Seco / UNICEN, Gral. Pinto 399, 7000 Tandil, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Guarneros, C. [IPN, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Altamira Km 14.5, 896000 Altamira, Tamaulipas (Mexico); Pacio, M. [Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacion en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Av. 14 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue. (Mexico); Palomino, R., E-mail: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx [Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Fisico-Matematicas, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla Pue. (Mexico)

    2015-10-15

    Thermoluminescence (Tl) and radioluminescence (Rl) properties of lithium tetraborate (Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}) doped with different concentration of copper (0.25, 0.5, 1 wt %) under gamma and beta irradiation has been investigated. The feasibility of using this borate in radiation dosimetry at low doses has been evaluated. Tissue equivalent Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7} was prepared by solid state reaction using mixing stoichiometric compositions of lithium carbonate (Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) and boric acid (H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}) and a solution of CuCl{sub 2} as dopant. The glow curve, of the most efficient copper doped borate (Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu 0.5 wt %), shows a main stable peak centered at 225 degrees C and a second low temperature peak centered at 80 degrees C. The low temperature peak disappears completely after 24 hours of storage in darkness and at room temperature or after an annealing at 120 degrees C for 10 seconds. The main peak of the Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu remains constant. The Tl response of Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu shows good linearity in the analyzed dose range. The stability and repeatability of Rl signals of the borate have been studied and the Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu (0.5 wt %) shown the higher Rl emission and a stable and repetitive response. Results show that Li{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}:Cu has prospects to be used in gamma and beta radiation dosimetry. (Author)

  5. Solvothermal synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li2MnSiO4/C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Yan-Chao; Zhao, Shi-Xi; Zhai, Peng-Yuan; Li, Fang; Nan, Ce-Wen

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C nanocomposite has been synthesized by the solvothermal method. • The particles of Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C are much smaller and more uniform. • The presence of Ni improves discharge capacity of Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C cathode material. • The initial discharge capacity of Ni-modified Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C is 274.5 mAh g −1 at 25 °C. - Abstract: Orthorhombic structure Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C with Pmn2 1 space group is synthesized by the solvothermal method. Carbon coating and Ni 2+ doping are used to improve the electronic conductivity and the cycling performance of Li 2 MnSiO 4 cathode material, respectively. The particles of Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C are much smaller and more uniform than those of Li 2 MnSiO 4 due to the carbon coating. It is shown that Ni 2+ has been reduced into metal Ni during the synthesis process. The synthesized Ni-modified Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C (denoted as (LMS@Ni)/C) cathode material exhibits better electrochemical performance in comparison with Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C, attributing to higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient as well as electronic conductivity. The initial discharge capacity of (LMS@Ni)/C is 274.5 mA h g −1 and the reversible capacity after 20 cycles is 119.8 mA h g −1 at 25 °C

  6. Lithium superionic conductor Li9.42Si1.02P2.1S9.96O2.04 with Li10GeP2S12-type structure in the Li2S–P2S5–SiO2 pseudoternary system: Synthesis, electrochemical properties, and structure–composition relationships

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Satoshi Hori

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Lithium superionic conductors with the Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS-type structure are promising materials for use as solid electrolytes in next-generation lithium batteries. A novel member of the LGPS family, Li9.42Si1.02P2.1S9.96O2.04, and its solid solutions were synthesised by quenching from 1273 K in the Li2S–P2S5–SiO2 pseudoternary system. The material exhibited an ionic conductivity as high as 3.2×10−4 S cm−1 at 298 K, as well as the high electrochemical stability to lithium metal, which was improved by the introduction of oxygen into the LGPS-type structure. An all-solid-state cell with a lithium metal anode and Li9.42Si1.02P2.1S9.96O2.04 as the separator showed excellent performance with a high coulomb efficiency of 100%. Thus, oxygen doping is an effective way of improving the electrochemical stability of LGPS-type structure.

  7. [Effect of charge compensation on emission spectrum of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Pan-Lai; Wang, Zhi-Jun; Yang, Zhi-Ping; Guo, Qing-Lin

    2009-01-01

    The Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction method in air. Dy2O3 (99.9%), SiO2 (99.9%), SrCO3 (99.9%), Li2CO3 (99.9%), Na2CO3 (99.9%) and K2CO3 (99.9%) were used as starting materials, and the Dy3+ doping concentration was 2 mol%. The emission spectrum was measured by a SPEX1404 spectrophotometer, and all the characterization of the phosphors was conducted at room temperature. The emission spectrum of Sr2 SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor showed several bands centered at 486, 575 and 665 nm under the 365 nm excitation. The effect of Li+, Na+ and K+ on the emission spectra of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was studied. The results show that the location of the emission spectrum of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor was not influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+. However, the emission spectrum intensity was greatly influenced by Li+, Na+ and K+, and the evolvement trend was monotone with different charge compensation, i. e. the emission spectrum intensity of Sr2SiO4 : Dy3+ phosphor firstly increased with increasing Li+ concentration, then decreased. However the charge compensation concentration corresponding to the maximum emission intensity was different with different charge compensation, and the concentration is 4, 3 and 3 mol% corresponding to Li+, Na+ and K+, respectively. And the theoretical reason for the above results was analyzed.

  8. Characterisation and Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics in the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 System for Dental Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naruporn Monmaturapoj

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This work proposes four different glass formulas derived from the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system to investigate the effect of glass composition on their crystal formations and properties. Glass LD1 was SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3 system with the addition of P2O5 and CaF2 as nucleating agents. In Glass LD2, a slight amount of MgO was mixed in order to increase the viscosity of the melting glass. Finally, the important factor of Si : Li ratio was increased in Glasses LD3 and LD4 with compositions otherwise the same as LD1 and LD2. The results found that P2O5 and CaF2 served as a nucleating site for lithium phosphate and fluorapatite to encourage heterogenous nucleation and produce a fine-grained interlocking microstructure of lithium disilicate glass ceramics. MgO content in this system seemed to increase the viscosity of the melting glass and thermal expansion coefficient including the chemical solubility. Increasing the Si : Li ratio in glass compositions resulted in the change of the microstructure of Li2Si2O5 crystals.

  9. Synthesis and structural stability of Cr-doped Li2MnSiO4/C cathode materials by solid-state method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheng, Hong-Mei; Zhao, Shi-Xi; Wu, Xia; Zhao, Jian-Wei; Wei, Lei; Nan, Ce-Wen

    2018-03-01

    The crystal structure of the Li2MnSiO4 cathode material would collapse during the charge and discharge process because of that the Mn-O coordination polyhedron changed from [MnO4] into [MnO6] in the process of Mn+2 to Mn+4, but the Cr element could remain [CrO4] crystal ligand from Cr+2 to Cr+4, so Cr element substitution was used to improve the structural stability of the Li2MnSiO4 cathode material. In this work, Li2Mn1-xCrxSiO4/C nanocomposites were synthesized by solid-state method. XRD, SEM and TEM observations show that the as-prepared Li2Mn1-xCrxSiO4/C materials presents an orthorhombic crystal structure (S.G. Pmn21), the particle size of Li2Mn1-xCrxSiO4/C powder ranges from 50 to 100 nm. The XRD and XPS results indicate that Cr+2 is successfully doped into Li2MnSiO4 lattice and has well compatibility with Li2MnSiO4. The electrochemical results display that Li2Mn92.5%Cr7.5%SiO4/C exhibits significantly enhanced cycle stability and discharge capability. The initial discharge capacity of the Li2Mn92.5%Cr7.5%SiO4/C sample is 255 mAh g-1, and the discharge capacity was still about 60 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles. Furthermore, the XRD patterns, TEM images and Raman analysis reveal that the Cr doping enhances the structural stability of Li2Mn1-xCrxSiO4/C and improves the electrochemical activity of the cathode. Thus, the Li2Mn92.5%Cr7.5%SiO4/C have shown potential applications for lithium ion batteries.

  10. High Performance Li4Ti5O12/Si Composite Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chunhui Chen

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Improving the energy capacity of spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO is very important to utilize it as a high-performance Li-ion battery (LIB electrode. In this work, LTO/Si composites with different weight ratios were prepared and tested as anodes. The anodic and cathodic peaks from both LTO and silicon were apparent in the composites, indicating that each component was active upon Li+ insertion and extraction. The composites with higher Si contents (LTO:Si = 35:35 exhibited superior specific capacity (1004 mAh·g−1 at lower current densities (0.22 A·g−1 but the capacity deteriorated at higher current densities. On the other hand, the electrodes with moderate Si contents (LTO:Si = 50:20 were able to deliver stable capacity (100 mAh·g−1 with good cycling performance, even at a very high current density of 7 A·g−1. The improvement in specific capacity and rate performance was a direct result of the synergy between LTO and Si; the former can alleviate the stresses from volumetric changes in Si upon cycling, while Si can add to the capacity of the composite. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the addition of Si and concentration optimization is an easy yet an effective way to produce high performance LTO-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.

  11. Towards understanding the thermoanalysis of water sorption on lithium orthosilicate (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4})

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ortiz-Landeros, J. [Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico DF (Mexico); Departamento de Ingenieria en Metalurgia y Materiales, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional s/n, CP 07738, Mexico DF (Mexico); Martinez-dlCruz, L. [Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico DF (Mexico); Gomez-Yanez, C. [Departamento de Ingenieria en Metalurgia y Materiales, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional s/n, CP 07738, Mexico DF (Mexico); Pfeiffer, H., E-mail: pfeiffer@iim.unam.mx [Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico DF (Mexico)

    2011-03-10

    A systematic thermogravimetric study of hygroscopic and reactivity behaviors, at low temperatures of lithium orthosilicate (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}), are presented. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} sample was prepared by solid-state reaction and then treated at different temperature-humidity conditions. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} samples previously treated under different temperature-humidity conditions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Different processes, adsorption and absorption, take place between the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and water vapor. Absorbed water produces superficial hydroxylated species such as Si-OH and Li-OH. In addition, a kinetic analysis was performed, and the different water absorption activation enthalpies were calculated. It was found that activation enthalpy ({Delta}H) values decrease when the relative humidity is incremented, from 5528.6 J/mol to 2074.2 J/mol at relative humidity levels of 60% and 75% respectively. These results show the impact of different humidity and temperature conditions on the stability and/or chemical reactivity of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}, if this ceramic is used in different application fields, such as carbon dioxide captor or as a breeder ceramic into the fusion reactors.

  12. Li+ transport properties of W substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 cubic lithium garnets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Dhivya

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Lithium garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ sintered at 1230 °C has received considerable importance in recent times as result of its high total (bulk + grain boundary ionic conductivity of 5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. In this work we report Li+ transport process of Li7−2xLa3Zr2−xWxO12 (x = 0.3, 0.5 cubic lithium garnets. Among the investigated compounds, Li6.4La3Zr1.7W0.3O12 sintered relatively at lower temperature 1100 °C exhibits highest room temperature (30 °C total (bulk + grain boundary ionic conductivity of 7.89 × 10−4 S cm−1. The temperature dependencies of the bulk conductivity and relaxation frequency in the bulk are governed by the same activation energy. Scaling the conductivity spectra for both Li6.4La3Zr1.7W0.3O12 and Li6La3Zr1.5W0.5O12 sample at different temperatures merges on a single curve, which implies that the relaxation dynamics of charge carriers is independent of temperature. The shape of the imaginary part of the modulus spectra suggests that the relaxation processes are non-Debye in nature. The present studies supports the prediction of optimum Li+ concentration required for the highest room temperature Li+ conductivity in LixLa3M2O12 is around x = 6.4 ± 0.1.

  13. Enhancement of reactivity in Li4SiO4-based sorbents from the nano-sized rice husk ash for high-temperature CO2 capture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Ke; Zhao, Pengfei; Guo, Xin; Li, Yimin; Han, Dongtai; Chao, Yang

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • The Li 4 SiO 4 sorbent from nano-sized rice husk ash was prepared and characterized. • The Aerosil and Quartz were comparably used for synthesized Li 4 SiO 4 . • The structure of sorbent was depended on the morphology of heated silicon materials. • The pretreatment sorbent showed increase in the CO 2 uptake and kinetic behavior. • This promising sorbent also maintained higher capacities during the multiple cycles. - Abstract: Using the cost-effective, renewable and nano-sized of citric acid pretreatment rice husk ash (CRHA) as silicon source, high efficient Li 4 SiO 4 (lithium orthosilicate)-based sorbents (CRHA-Li 4 SiO 4 ) for high-temperature CO 2 capture were prepared through the solid-state reaction at lower temperature (700 °C). Two typical raw materials (nano-structured Aerosil and crystalline Quartz powders) were used to synthesize Li 4 SiO 4 sorbents (Aerosil-Li 4 SiO 4 and Quartz-Li 4 SiO 4 ) for comparison purposes. The phase composition behavior, surface area, and morphology of the silicon sources, heat treated raw materials and as-received Li 4 SiO 4 sorbents were studied by analytical techniques. The CO 2 adsorption capacity and adsorption–desorption performance were tested by the thermo-gravimetric analyses (CO 2 atmosphere) and a fixed bed reactor, respectively. Compared with the case of its original samples, the morphology of heat treated raw materials had a greater effect on the phase composition, microstructure, special surface area and CO 2 adsorption properties of their resulting sorbents. Although the calcined Quartz sample maintained the structure of micron particles, its reactivity was not enough to react completely with Li 2 CO 3 . Due to the greater reactivity of nanoparticles, Aerosil-Li 4 SiO 4 presented pure of Li 4 SiO 4 whereas it obtained large particles with dense morphology, which was coming from the pronounced fusing of silica nanoparticles during the calcined process. Conversely, CRHA-Li 4 SiO 4

  14. X-ray diffraction analysis of LiCu2O2 crystals with additives of silver atoms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sirotinkin, V. P.; Bush, A. A.; Kamentsev, K. E.; Dau, H. S.; Yakovlev, K. A.; Tishchenko, E. A.

    2015-01-01

    Silver-containing LiCu 2 O 2 crystals up to 4 × 8 × 8 mm in size were grown by the crystallization of 80(1-x)CuO · 20 x AgNO 3 · 20Li 2 CO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) mixture melt. According to the X-ray spectral and Rietveld X-ray diffraction data, the maximum amount of silver incorporated in the LiCu 2 O 2 structure is about 4 at % relative to the copper content. It was established that silver atoms occupy statistically crystallographic positions of lithium atoms. The incorporation of silver atoms is accompanied by a noticeable increase in parameter c of the LiCu 2 O 2 rhombic unit cell, a slight increase in parameter a, and a slight decrease in parameter b

  15. Density of Na2O-Li2O-SiO2-B2O3 Molten Slag at 1 803-1 873 K

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XIAO Feng; FANG Liang

    2004-01-01

    The density of three kinds of molten slags was measured by modified sessile drop method at 1 803-1 873 K. The density of molten slag is found to decrease with increasing temperature. The temperature coefficients of Na2O-Li2O-SiO2 and Li2O-SiO2-B2O3 slag are smaller than that of Na2O-B2O3 slag. The molar volume of slags increases with increasing temperature.

  16. Fabrication of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles by gel-precipitation technology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wen, Z.; Wu, X.; Gu, Z. [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (China)

    2007-07-01

    Full text of publication follows: Lithium orthosilicate (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}) is considered as a promising candidate as breeder material for fusion reactors due to its high lithium content, high stability and favorable tritium release behavior. The shape the breeder materials adopted was determined by many factors, such as the tritium breeding ratio, the ease of diffusion of tritium, the release of thermal stress and irradiation cracking etc. At present pebble configuration has been recognized as the preferred option in most blanket designs for tritium breeders. In the fabrication of spheres of a ceramic material, there are several methods available: the agglomeration of powders, melt-spraying method, sol-gel process and gel-precipitation process. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles with satisfying quality have been fabricated by melt-spraying method. But expensive experimental equipment and high temperature restrict the extensive application of the method. Gel-precipitation can be operated at room temperature and no special equipment is needed. The technique has been successfully used to produce lithium aluminate ceramic spheres. In this work, fabrication of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles by gel-precipitation technology was first time investigated systematically. LiOH, citric acid and SiO{sub 2} (aerosil) were used as raw materials. SiO{sub 2} (aerosil) was dispersed in the gel formed by LiOH and citric acid, milky suspension was then obtained and Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles were produced from the milky suspension. The pebbles obtained displayed pure Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} phase, exhibited high sphericity, uniform distribution in size, small amount of pores and cracks. Phase transformation with the molar ratio of SiO{sub 2}/LiOH was investigated. The effect of sintering temperature on microstructure was discussed. The water-based gel-precipitation method for fabrication of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} spheres was simple and convenient to realize mass production. (authors)

  17. Synthesis of Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} at low temperature; Sintesis de Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} a baja temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mondragon G, G. [ININ, 52750 La Marquesa, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2007-07-01

    The main objective of this work is to develop a new synthesis method to obtain one of the more studied ceramics in this field Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}) in a simple and economic way using different solutions (urea and ammonium hydroxide). The particular objectives are first to prepare the Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} ceramic, by means of the use of the reaction conventional technique in solid state at temperatures between 800 and 900 C to compare it with the one proposed in this work and this way to observe the advantages that it would gives us the new method. Later on, the same one was synthesized lithium ceramic (Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}) by means of the new method at low temperature (between 80 and 90 C), using silicic acid and lithium hydroxide like precursory reagents and different solutions (urea and ammonium hydroxide) for the optimization in their synthesis. Finally, it was carried out the characterization of these materials by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic microscopes (SEM and TEM), nitrogen physisorption (method BET) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to observe the differences that exist among the conventional method and the proposed method and by this way to determine the advantages of the last method. (Author)

  18. Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}-coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} with nanoscale interface for high performance lithium-ion batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Han [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Liu, Yang [School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Wang, Ting; Yang, Yang [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); Shi, Shaojun [School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Yang, Gang, E-mail: gyang@cslg.edu.cn [Jiangsu Lab of Advanced Functional Material, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500 (China); School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China)

    2016-04-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Zr doped and Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} are prepared by a solid-state method. • Zr-doping and LZO coating are positive in improving lithium diffusion ability. • Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} deliver 168.1 mAh g{sup −1} higher than 150.2 mAh g{sup −1} of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. • Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} remains 162 mAh g{sup −1} after 100 cycles. • The lowest D{sub Li}{sup +} is 5.97 × 10{sup −17} and 1.85 × 10{sup −15} cm{sup 2} s{sup −1} of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} before and after coating. - Abstract: Zr doped sample of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 4.99}Zr{sub 0.01}O{sub 12} (LZTO) and Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} (LZO) coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (LTO) are prepared by a solid-state method. The lattice structure of LTO is remained after doping element of Zr and coating layer of LZO. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the material are investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and charge-discharge tests, respectively. Zr-doping and LZO coating play the positive role in improving the diffusion ability of lithium cations. LZTO and LZO-LTO show much improved specific capacity and rate capability compared with pristine sample of LTO. LZO-LTO has the smallest voltage differential (ΔV) of the redox peaks because the coating of Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3} is helpful for the diffusion ability of lithium ions during charge/discharge processes. LZTO and LZO-LTO as electrode deliver the initial capacities of 164.8, 168.1 mAh g{sup −1}, respectively, which are much higher than 150.2 mAh g{sup −1} of intrinsic sample of LTO. Even at the current density of 2 A g{sup −1}, LTZO and LZO-LTO offer capacity of 96 and 106 mAh g{sup −1}, which are much higher than 33 mAh g{sup −1} of LTO

  19. Photon cascade luminescence from Pr3+ ions in LiPrP4O12 polyphosphate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shalapska, T; Stryganyuk, G; Romanyshyn, Yu; Demchenko, P; Voloshinovskii, A; Trots, D; Gektin, A; Dorenbos, P

    2010-01-01

    The spectral-kinetic properties of luminescence from LiY 1-x Pr x P 4 O 12 (x = 1, 0.1) phosphors are studied in the 10-300 K temperature range upon excitation within the UV-VUV spectral range. The luminescence observed for LiPrP 4 O 12 at low temperatures is attributed to both intra-configurational 4f 24f 2 and inter-configurational 4f5d → 4f 2 radiative transitions of Pr 3+ . The temperature dependence of emission and the decay kinetics of Pr 3+ luminescence from LiY 1-x Pr x P 4 O 12 (x = 1, 0.1) phosphors are explained by temperature stimulated transitions from the 1 S 0 to the Pr 3+ 4f5d state. At low temperatures, the energy potential barrier between the 1 S 0 and 4f5d states is 0.014 eV for LiPrP 4 O 12 . The spectral overlap of the 1 S 0 and 4f5d states of Pr 3+ in LiY 0.9 Pr 0.1 P 4 O 12 determines the luminescence properties in the entire temperature range studied.

  20. Thermoluminescence properties of Li2B4O7:Cu, B phosphor synthesized using solution combustion technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ozdemir, A.; Altunal, V.; Kurt, K.; Depci, T.; Yu, Y.; Lawrence, Y.; Nur, N.; Guckan, V.; Yegingil, Z.

    2017-01-01

    To determine the effects of various concentrations of the activators copper (Cu) and boron (B) on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of lithium tetraborate, the phosphor was first synthesized and doped with five different concentrations of copper (0.1–0.005 wt%) using solution combustion method. 0.01 wt% Cu was the concentration which showed the most significant increase in the sensitivity of the phosphor. The second sort of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu material was prepared by adding B (0.001–0.03 wt%) to it. The newly developed copper-boron activated lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B) material with 0.01 wt% Cu and 0.001 wt% B impurity concentrations was shown to have promise as a TL phosphor. The material formation was examined using powder x-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of the synthesized polycrystalline powder sample was also recorded. The TL glow curves were analyzed to determine various dosimetric characteristics of the synthesized luminophosphors. The dose response increased in a “linear” way with the beta-ray exposure between 0.1–20 Gy, a dose range being interested in medical dosimetry. The response with changing photon and electron energy was studied. The rate of decay of the TL signal was investigated both for dark storage and under direct sunlight. Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B showed no individual variation of response in 9 recycling measurements. The fluorescence spectrum was determined. The kinetic parameters were estimated by different methods and the results discussed. The studied properties of synthesized Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B were found all favorable for dosimetric purposes. - Highlights: • Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B synthesis using solution combustion method with various concentrations. • Structure analysis of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B using XRD, SEM and FTIR methods. • Investigation of thermoluminescent properties of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu, B. • Relatively good

  1. Structural Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Li2MnSiO4/C Nanocomposite as Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Min Wang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available High capacity Li2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite with good rate performance was prepared via a facile sol-gel method using ascorbic acid as carbon source. It had a uniform distribution on particle size of approximately 20 nm and a thin outlayer of carbon. The galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement showed that the Li2MnSiO4/C electrode could deliver an initial discharge capacity of 257.1 mA h g−1 (corresponding to 1.56 Li+ at a current density of 10 mA g−1 at 30°C, while the Li2MnSiO4 electrode possessed a low capacity of 25.6 mA h g−1. Structural amorphization resulting from excessive extraction of Li+ during the first charge was the main reason for the drastic capacity fading. Controlling extraction of Li+ could inhibit the amorphization of Li2MnSiO4/C during the delithiation, contributing to a reversible structural change and good cycling performance.

  2. Coating effect of LiFePO4 and Al2O3 on Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode surface for lithium ion batteries

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Seteni, Bonani

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Lithium-manganese-rich cathode material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is prepared by combustion method, and then coated with nano-sized LiFePO4 and nano-sized Al2O3 particles via a wet chemical process. The as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, LiFePO4...

  3. Electrochemical properties of Li2 FeSiO4 /C nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Ajay; Jayakumar, O. D.; Naik, Vaman M.; Nazri, Gholam A.; Naik, Ratna

    Li2FeSiO4 is considered as potential cathode material for next generation lithium ion batteries because of its high specific theoretical capacity, low cost, and safety. However, it suffers from poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium ion diffusion in the solid phase. To address these issues, we have studied mesoporous Li2FeSiO4/C composites synthesized by sol-gel (SG) and hydrothermal (HT) methods using tri-block copolymer (P123) as carbon source and structure directing agent. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM and the surface area and pore size distribution were measured by using N2 adsorption/desorption. Galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the Li2FeSiO4/C composites. The Li2FeSiO4/C (HT) composites show a superior electrochemical performance compared to Li2FeSiO4/C (SG). At C/30 rate, the discharge capacity of Li2FeSiO4/C (HT) reached ~276 mAh/g in the 1.5-4.6 V window and shows better rate capability and stability at high rates. We attribute the improved electrochemical performance of Li2FeSiO4/C (HT) to its large surface area and reduced particle size. The details of the study will be presented.

  4. Synthesis of Li2SiO3 at low temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mondragon G, G.

    2007-01-01

    The main objective of this work is to develop a new synthesis method to obtain one of the more studied ceramics in this field Li 2 SiO 3 ) in a simple and economic way using different solutions (urea and ammonium hydroxide). The particular objectives are first to prepare the Li 2 SiO 3 ceramic, by means of the use of the reaction conventional technique in solid state at temperatures between 800 and 900 C to compare it with the one proposed in this work and this way to observe the advantages that it would gives us the new method. Later on, the same one was synthesized lithium ceramic (Li 2 SiO 3 ) by means of the new method at low temperature (between 80 and 90 C), using silicic acid and lithium hydroxide like precursory reagents and different solutions (urea and ammonium hydroxide) for the optimization in their synthesis. Finally, it was carried out the characterization of these materials by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic microscopes (SEM and TEM), nitrogen physisorption (method BET) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to observe the differences that exist among the conventional method and the proposed method and by this way to determine the advantages of the last method. (Author)

  5. The phase transformation and crystallization kinetics of (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O-xNa{sub 2}O-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-4SiO{sub 2} glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Moo-Chin [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (China); Li, Wang-Long [Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Cheng, Chih-Wei [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien-Kung Road, Kaohsiung 80782, Taiwan (China); Chang, Kuo-Ming; Chen, Yong-Feng [Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan (China); Hsi, Chi-Shiung, E-mail: chsi@nuu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, 1 Lein-Da, Kung-Ching Li, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan (China)

    2010-09-01

    The phase transformation and crystallization kinetics of (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O-xNa{sub 2}O-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-4SiO{sub 2} glasses have been studied by using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) analysis. The crystallization temperature at the exothermic peak increases from 1171 to 1212 K when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0 to 0.6 mol. The crystalline phase is composed of spodumene crystallization when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0 to 0.6 mol. The activation energy of spodumene crystallization decreases from 444.0 {+-} 22.2 to 284.0 {+-} 10.8 kJ mol{sup -1} when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0 to 0.4 mol. Moreover, the activation energy increases from 284.0 {+-} 10.8 to 446.0 {+-} 23.2 kJ mol{sup -1} when the Na{sub 2}O content increases from 0.4 to 0.6 mol. The crystallization parameters m and n approach 2, indicating that the surface nucleation and two-dimensional growth are dominant in (1 - x)Li{sub 2}O-xNa{sub 2}O-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-4SiO{sub 2} glasses.

  6. Synthesis and electrochemistry of cubic rocksalt Li-Ni-Ti-O compounds in the phase diagram of LiNiO{sub 2}-LiTiO{sub 2}-Li[Li{sub 1/3}Ti{sub 2/3}]O{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Lianqi; Noguchi, Hideyuki; Li, Decheng; Muta, Takahisa; Wang, Xiaoqing; Yoshio, Masaki [Department of Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Saga 840-8052 (Japan); Taniguchi, Izumi [Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-1, Ookayama-2, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 (Japan)

    2008-10-15

    On the basis of extreme similarity between the triangle phase diagrams of LiNiO{sub 2}-LiTiO{sub 2}-Li[Li{sub 1/3}Ti{sub 2/3}]O{sub 2} and LiNiO{sub 2}-LiMnO{sub 2}-Li[Li{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 2/3}]O{sub 2}, new Li-Ni-Ti-O series with a nominal composition of Li{sub 1+z/3}Ni{sub 1/2-z/2}Ti{sub 1/2+z/6}O{sub 2} (0 {<=} z {<=} 0.5) was designed and attempted to prepare via a spray-drying method. XRD identified that new Li-Ni-Ti-O compounds had cubic rocksalt structure, in which Li, Ni and Ti were evenly distributed on the octahedral sites in cubic closely packed lattice of oxygen ions. They can be considered as the solid solution between cubic LiNi{sub 1/2}Ti{sub 1/2}O{sub 2} and Li[Li{sub 1/3}Ti{sub 2/3}]O{sub 2} (high temperature form). Charge-discharge tests showed that Li-Ni-Ti-O compounds with appropriate compositions could display a considerable capacity (more than 80 mAh g{sup -1} for 0.2 {<=} z {<=} 0.27) at room temperature in the voltage range of 4.5-2.5 V and good electrochemical properties within respect to capacity (more than 150 mAh g{sup -1} for 0 {<=} z {<=} 0.27), cycleability and rate capability at an elevated temperature of 50 C. These suggest that the disordered cubic structure in some cases may function as a good host structure for intercalation/deintercalation of Li{sup +}. A preliminary electrochemical comparison between Li{sub 1+z/3}Ni{sub 1/2-z/2}Ti{sub 1/2+z/6}O{sub 2} (0 {<=} z {<=} 0.5) and Li{sub 6/5}Ni{sub 2/5}Ti{sub 2/5}O{sub 2} indicated that charge-discharge mechanism based on Ni redox at the voltage of >3.0 V behaved somewhat differently, that is, Ni could be reduced to +2 in Li{sub 1+z/3}Ni{sub 1/2-z/2}Ti{sub 1/2+z/6}O{sub 2} while +3 in Li{sub 6/5}Ni{sub 2/5}Ti{sub 2/5}O{sub 2}. Reduction of Ti{sup 4+} at a plateau of around 2.3 V could be clearly detected in Li{sub 1+z/3}Ni{sub 1/2-z/2}Ti{sub 1/2+z/6}O{sub 2} with 0.27 {<=} z {<=} 0.5 at 50 C after a deep charge associated with charge compensation from oxygen ion during initial cycle

  7. Composition and crystallization kinetics of R2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xiong, Dehua; Cheng, Jinshu; Li, Hong

    2010-01-01

    The crystallization behavior and microstructure of R 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (R means K, Na and Li) glass were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallization kinetic parameters including the crystallization apparent activation energy (E a ), the Avrami parameter (n), glass transition temperature (T g ) and the activity energy of glass transition (E t ) were also measured with different methods. The results have shown that: the DSC traces of composition A parent glass have two different precipitation crystallization peaks corresponding to E a1 (A) = 151.4 kJ/mol (Li 2 SiO 3 ) and E a2 (A) = 623.1 kJ/mol (Li 2 Si 2 O 5 ), the average value of n = 1.70 (Li 2 Si 2 O 5 ) for the surface crystallization and E t (A) = 202.8 kJ/mol. And E a (B) = 50.7 kJ/mol (Li 2 SiO 3 ), the average value of n = 3.89 (Li 2 SiO 3 ) for the bulk crystallization and E t (B) = 220.4 kJ/mol for the composition B parent glass. Because of the content of R 2 O is bigger than composition A, composition B parent glass has a lower E a , T g and a larger n, E t .

  8. In-situ generation of Li2FeSiO4/C nanocomposite as cathode material for lithium ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yi, Jin; Hou, Meng-yan; Bao, Hong-liang; Wang, Cong-xiao; Wang, Jian-qiang; Xia, Yong-yao

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite is prepared via thermal vapor deposition technology. • The Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite is free from impurity and coated with carbon layer. • The Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite exhibits good rate capability and cycling stability. • Lithium benzoate serves as both lithium and carbon sources. - Abstract: A Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite is prepared via solvothermal method in combination with carbon coating technology. The as-prepared Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite is a single phase Li 2 FeSiO 4 with nano-tickness coated carbon layer and connected by the mutual cross-linked carbon conductive matrix. As cathode material for lithium ion battery, the composite delivers a discharge capacity of 154 mAh g −1 at 1 C and exhibits good rate capability with a discharge capacity of 106 mAh g −1 at the rate of 10 C, which is ascribed to the small particle size and enhanced electronic conductivity using carbon coating technology. The as-prepared Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C nanocomposite also behaves a good cycling stability with capacity retention of over 100 cycles

  9. Improving the fast discharge performance of high-voltage LiNi{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 1.5}O{sub 4} spinel by Cu{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3+}, Ti{sup 4+} tri-doping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Deng, Jicheng [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials & Devices, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Xu, Youlong, E-mail: ylxuxjtu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials & Devices, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Xiong, Lilong; Li, Liang [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Sun, Xiaofei [Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Energy Materials & Devices, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China); Zhang, Yuan [Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an (China)

    2016-08-25

    The sluggish Li{sup +} ion diffusion coefficient at ∼4.7 V (vs. Li{sup +}/Li) greatly impairs the fast discharge performance of LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} cathode material. Herein, a tri-doping strategy is proposed where Cu{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3+}, Ti{sup 4+} ions are partially substituted for Ni{sup 2+} and Mn{sup 4+}. Cu{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3+}, Ti{sup 4+} tri-doping effectively suppresses the Li{sub x}Ni{sub 1−x}O impurity phase, increases the cation mixing in the octahedral B-site in the spinel, enlarges the electronic conductivity, and enhances the structural stability. Most importantly, the Li{sup +} diffusion coefficients show a peculiar boost at 4.7 V by two orders of magnitude after tri-doping. Compared to the pristine LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (denoted P-LNM), the tri-doped Li[Ni{sub 0.455}Cu{sub 0.03}Al{sub 0.03}Mn{sub 1.455}Ti{sub 0.03}]O{sub 4} (denoted TD-LNM) exhibits much better fast discharge performance, delivering a specific capacity of ∼101 mAh g{sup −1} at 100 C discharge rate. - Graphical abstract: For the LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} cathode material, the sluggish Li{sup +} ion diffusion coefficient around the ∼4.7 V (vs. Li{sup +}/Li) plateau greatly impair its fast discharge performance, which therefore limit its application in electric vehicles. Herein, a tri-doping strategy is proposed where Cu{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3+}, Ti{sup 4+} ions are partially substituted for Ni{sup 2+} and Mn{sup 4+}. After tri-doping, the Li{sup +} diffusion coefficient at 4.7 V (vs. Li{sup +}/Li) is boosted by two orders of magnitude. Compared to the pristine LiMn{sub 1.5}Ni{sub 0.5}O{sub 4} (denoted P-LNM), the tri-doped Li[Ni{sub 0.455}Cu{sub 0.03}Al{sub 0.03}Mn{sub 1.455}Ti{sub 0.03}]O{sub 4} (denoted TD-LNM) exhibits much better fast discharge performance, delivering a capacity of ∼101 mAh·g{sup −1} at 100 C discharge rate. - Highlights: • Cu, Al, Ti Tri-doping improves electronic conductivity of LiNi{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 1.5}O{sub 4}. • Cu

  10. Magnetic dimerization in the frustrated spin ladder Li2Cu2O (SO4)2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaccarelli, O.; Rousse, G.; Saúl, A.; Radtke, G.

    2017-11-01

    The magnetic properties of Li2Cu2O (SO4)2 are investigated in the framework of density functional theory. In its high-temperature tetragonal structure, this compound appears as a rare material realization of a frustrated spin-1/2 two-leg ladder, where magnetic frustration arises from competing nearest and next-nearest interactions along the legs. Through a large magnetoelastic coupling, the triclinic distortion occurring around 125 K is shown to induce the formation of a staggered dimer structure, lifting most of the magnetic frustration.

  11. Crystallization of pyroxene phases and physico-chemical properties of glass-ceramics based on Li{sub 2}O–Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SiO{sub 2} eutectic glass system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salman, S.M.; Salama, S.N.; Abo-Mosallam, H.A., E-mail: abomosallam@yahoo.com.au

    2015-01-15

    The crystallization characteristics, crystalline phase assemblages and solid solution phases developed due to thermally crystallized glasses based on the Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}–Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}–LiCrSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} (1028 ± 3 °C) eutectic glass system by replacing some trivalent oxides instead of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} were investigated. The microhardness and chemical durability of the glass-ceramics were also determined. Lithium meta and disilicate (Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} and Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}), lithium gallium silicate (LiGaSiO{sub 4}), and varieties of pyroxene phases, including Cr-pyroxene phase, i.e. lithium-kosmochlor (LiCrSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}), lithium aluminum silicate (LiAlSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}), lithium indium silicate (LiInSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}) and pyroxene solid solution of Li-aegerine type [Li (Fe{sub 0.5}, Cr{sub 0.5}) Si{sub 2}O{sub 6}] were the main crystalline phases formed in the crystallized glasses. There is no evidence for the formation of solid solution or liquid immiscibility gaps between LiAlSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} or LiInSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} phases and LiCrSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} phase. However, LiCrSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} and LiFeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} components were accommodated in the pyroxene structure under favorable conditions of crystallization to form monomineralic pyroxene solid solution phase of the probably formula [Li (Fe{sub 0.5}, Cr{sub 0.5}) Si{sub 2}O{sub 6}]. The type and compatibility of the crystallized phases are discussed in relation to the compositional variation of the glasses and heat-treatment applied. The microhardness values of the crystalline materials ranged between 5282 and 6419 MPa while, the results showed that the chemical stability of the glass-ceramics was better in alkaline than in acidic media. - Highlights: • Glass ceramics based on Li{sub 2}O–Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}–SiO{sub 2} eutectic (1028 ± 3 °C) glass were prepared. • LiCrSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} and LiFeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6} phases form monomineralic pyroxene solid

  12. Ferroelectric properties of sandwich structured (Bi, La)4T3O12/Pb(Zr, Ti)O3/ (Bi, La)4Ti3O12 thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bao Dinghua; Wakiya, Naoki; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Mizutani, Nobuyasu

    2002-01-01

    Sandwich structured (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 /(Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates, with the intention of simultaneously utilizing the advantages of both (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films such as non-fatigue behaviours of BLT and good ferroelectric properties of PZT. Both BLT and PZT layers were prepared by a chemical solution deposition technique. The experiments demonstrated that the sandwich structure showed fatigue-free characteristics at least up to 10 10 switching bipolar pulse cycles under 8 V and excellent retention properties. The sandwich structured thin films also exhibited well-defined hysteresis loops with a remanent polarization (2P r ) of 8.8 μC cm -2 and a coercive field (E c ) of 47 kV cm -1 . The room-temperature dielectric constant and dissipation factor were 210 and 0.031, respectively, at a frequency of 100 kHz. These results suggest that this sandwich structure is a promising material combination for ferroelectric memory applications. (author)

  13. Synthesis and characterization of in situ carbon-coated Li2FeSiO4 cathode materials for lithium ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan Zipeng; Cai Shu; Miao Lijuan; Zhou Xing; Zhao Yongming

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: → Sucrose and L-ascorbic acid as carbon additives. → Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C were obtained under our carbon coating experimental conditions. → Graphite-rich carbon was formed uniformly when ascorbic acid was employed. → The composites employing L-ascorbic acid exhibited a large specific surface area. → Sample using L-ascorbic acid exhibited better rate performance and cycling stability. - Abstract: Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composites with in situ carbon coating were synthesized via sol-gel method based on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with sucrose and L-ascorbic acid as carbon additives, respectively. As-obtained Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composites prepared with L-ascorbic acid as a carbon additive are composed of nanoparticulate Li 2 FeSiO 4 in an intimate contact with a continuous thin layer of residual carbon and exhibit large specific surface area up to 395.7 m 2 g -1 . The results indicate that structure of the residual carbon is graphene-rich with obviously lower disordered/graphene (D/G) ratio. These as-obtained Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composites exhibit first discharge capacity of 135.3 mAh g -1 at C/16 and perform cycling stability, which are superior to those of Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composites synthesized with sucrose as a carbon additive.

  14. Revision of the Li13Si4 structure.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeilinger, Michael; Fässler, Thomas F

    2013-11-06

    Besides Li17Si4, Li16.42Si4, and Li15Si4, another lithium-rich representative in the Li-Si system is the phase Li13Si4 (trideca-lithium tetra-silicide), the structure of which has been determined previously [Frank et al. (1975 ▶). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 30, 10-13]. A careful analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of Li13Si4 revealed discrepancies between experimentally observed and calculated Bragg positions. Therefore, we redetermined the structure of Li13Si4 on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compared to the previous structure report, decisive differences are (i) the introduction of a split position for one Li site [occupancy ratio 0.838 (7):0.162 (7)], (ii) the anisotropic refinement of atomic displacement parameters for all atoms, and (iii) a high accuracy of atom positions and unit-cell parameters. The asymmetric unit of Li13Si4 contains two Si and seven Li atoms. Except for one Li atom situated on a site with symmetry 2/m, all other atoms are on mirror planes. The structure consists of isolated Si atoms as well as Si-Si dumbbells surrounded by Li atoms. Each Si atom is either 12- or 13-coordinated. The isolated Si atoms are situated in the ab plane at z = 0 and are strictly separated from the Si-Si dumbbells at z = 0.5.

  15. Targeted partial surface modification with nano-SiO2@Li2CoPO4F as high-voltage cathode material for LIBs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Caiyun; Huang, Zhipeng; Tian, Runsai; Jiang, Xinyu; Li, Chunsheng; Feng, Jijun

    2017-10-01

    Tuning whole/partial surface modification on cathode material with oxide material is a sought-after method to enhance the electrochemical performance in power storage field. Herein, nano-SiO2 targeted partial surface modified high voltage cathode material Li2CoPO4F has been successfully fabricated via a facile self-assembly process in silica dispersion at ambient temperature. With the aid of polar -OH groups attracted on the surface of SiO2 micelles, the nano-SiO2 preferentially nestle up along the borders and boundaries of Li2CoPO4F particles, where protection should be deployed with emphasis against the undesirable interactions between materials and electrolytes. Compared with pristine Li2CoPO4F, the SiO2 selectively modified Li2CoPO4F cathode materials, especially LCPF-3S, exhibit desirable electrochemical performances with higher discharge capacity, more outstanding cycle stability and favorable rate capability without any additional carbon involved. The greatly enhanced electrochemical properties can be attributed to the improved lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and structure tolerance during repeated lithiation/delithiation process. Such findings reveal a great potential of nano-SiO2 modified Li2CoPO4F as high energy cathode material for lithium ion batteries.

  16. Multishelled Si@Cu Microparticles Supported on 3D Cu Current Collectors for Stable and Binder-free Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Zailei; Wang, Zhong Lin; Lu, Xianmao

    2018-04-24

    Silicon has proved to be a promising anode material of high-specific capacity for the next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, during repeated discharge/charge cycles, Si-based electrodes, especially those in microscale size, pulverize and lose electrical contact with the current collectors due to large volume expansion. Here, we introduce a general method to synthesize Cu@M (M = Si, Al, C, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Ag, Ti, Ta, SnIn 2 O 5 , Au, V, Nb, W, Mg, Fe, Ni, Sn, ZnO, TiN, Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and TiO 2 ) core-shell nanowire arrays on Cu substrates. The resulting Cu@Si nanowire arrays were employed as LIB anodes that can be reused via HCl etching and H 2 -reduction. Multishelled Cu@Si@Cu microparticles supported on 3D Cu current collectors were further prepared as stable and binder-free LIB anodes. This 3D Cu@Si@Cu structure allows the interior conductive Cu network to effectively accommodate the volume expansion of the electrode and facilitates the contact between the Cu@Si@Cu particles and the current collectors during the repeated insertion/extraction of lithium ions. As a result, the 3D Cu@Si@Cu microparticles at a high Si-loading of 1.08 mg/cm 2 showed a capacity retention of 81% after 200 cycles. In addition, charging tests of 3D Cu@Si@Cu-LiFePO 4 full cells by a triboelectric nanogenerator with a pulsed current demonstrated that LIBs with silicon anodes can effectively store energy delivered by mechanical energy harvesters.

  17. Revision of the Li13Si4 structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas F. Fässler

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Besides Li17Si4, Li16.42Si4, and Li15Si4, another lithium-rich representative in the Li–Si system is the phase Li13Si4 (tridecalithium tetrasilicide, the structure of which has been determined previously [Frank et al. (1975. Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 30, 10–13]. A careful analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of Li13Si4 revealed discrepancies between experimentally observed and calculated Bragg positions. Therefore, we redetermined the structure of Li13Si4 on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compared to the previous structure report, decisive differences are (i the introduction of a split position for one Li site [occupancy ratio 0.838 (7:0.162 (7], (ii the anisotropic refinement of atomic displacement parameters for all atoms, and (iii a high accuracy of atom positions and unit-cell parameters. The asymmetric unit of Li13Si4 contains two Si and seven Li atoms. Except for one Li atom situated on a site with symmetry 2/m, all other atoms are on mirror planes. The structure consists of isolated Si atoms as well as Si–Si dumbbells surrounded by Li atoms. Each Si atom is either 12- or 13-coordinated. The isolated Si atoms are situated in the ab plane at z = 0 and are strictly separated from the Si–Si dumbbells at z = 0.5.

  18. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li2FeSiO4/C/carbon nanosphere composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Jinlong; Kang, Xiaochun; Hu, Lin; Gong, Xue; He, Daping; Peng, Tao; Mu, Shichun

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •The Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C/CNS was prepared by effective double-carbon composite route. •The CNS as the conductivity belt connects the Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C particles. •The samples have a high capacity and excellent cyclic and rate performance. -- Abstract: Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C/carbon nanosphere (CNS) composites as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were synthesized by a simple hydro-chemical method. The double-carbon structural design of glucose pyrolysis-carbon (C) and CNS improved electrochemical performance of the composite where the CNS can build conductivity belts to connect the Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C particles and to favor electronic transmission. The exchange current density and the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions with the composite were 0.208 mA cm −2 and 1.06E−11 cm 2 S −1 , respectively, which were much larger than that of conventional Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composite cathode materials (i = 0.131 mA cm −2 , D Li = 4.69E−12 cm 2 S −1 ). The electrochemical test results showed that the discharge capacity of 164.7 mA h g −1 could be obtained, and especially, after 60 cycles, 98.4% of the initial discharge capacity remained at 0.1 C of galvanostatic discharge in the potential range of 1.5–4.8 V (vs. Li/Li + ). In addition, the discharge capacity of 92.4 mA h g −1 at 5 C was easily recovered to 159.8 mA h g −1 at 0.1 C

  19. Formation of Al15Mn3Si2 Phase During Solidification of a Novel Al-12%Si-4%Cu-1.2%Mn Heat-Resistant Alloy and Its Thermal Stability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suo, Xiaojing; Liao, Hengcheng; Hu, Yiyun; Dixit, Uday S.; Petrov, Pavel

    2018-02-01

    The formation of Al15Mn3Si2 phase in Al-12Si-4Cu-1.2Mn (wt.%) alloy during solidification was investigated by adopting CALPHAD method and microstructural observation by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS/SAD and XRD analysis; SEM fixed-point observation method was applied to evaluate its thermal stability. As-cast microstructural observation consistently demonstrates the solidification sequence of the studied alloy predicted by phase diagram calculation. Based on the phase diagram calculation, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS/SAD and XRD analysis, as well as evidences on Al-Si-Mn-Fe compounds from the literature, the primary and eutectic Mn-rich phases with different morphologies in the studied alloy are identified to be Al15Mn3Si2 that has a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure with a lattice constant of a = 1.352 nm. SEM fixed-point observation and XRD analysis indicate that Al15Mn3Si2 phase has more excellent thermal stability at high temperature than that of CuAl2 phase and can serve as the major strengthening phase in heat-resistant aluminum alloy that has to face a high-temperature working environment. Results of tension test show that addition of Mn can improve the strength of Al-Si-Cu alloy, especially at elevated temperature.

  20. Quaternary system LiF-LiCl-LiVO3-Li2MoO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anipchenko, B.V.; Garkushin, I.K.

    2000-01-01

    Interactions in the LiF-LiCl-LiVO 3 -Li 2 MoO 4 system are studied by differential thermal analysis. Rate of heating/cooling of the samples comprised 15 Grad/min, mass of sample composed 0.2 g. The system was investigated in the 300-650 Deg C range. X-ray diffraction method was used for determination of purity of the reagents. Composition and temperature of quaternary component eutectics are determined: 16.5 mol. % of LiF, 47.0 mol. % of LiCl, 28.8 mol. % of LiVO 3 , 7.6 mol. % of Li 2 MoO 4 ; 387 Deg C. Mean value of melting enthalpy of quaternary eutectics mixture in the LiF-LiCl-LiVO 3 -Li 2 MoO 4 system on the results of the tests was in the range of 222 kJ/kg [ru

  1. Synthesis and characterization of novel Cu(II) complex coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for catalytic performance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud; Sajjadi, Mohaddeseh; Khonakdar, Hossein Ali

    2018-06-01

    In this study, a convenient method for the synthesis of arylaminotetrazoles has been developed using a copper (II)-aminotetrazole complex immobilized on silica-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2) nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-aminotet-Cu(II)) as a novel and efficient magnetically catalyst. The constructed superparamagnetic core-shell nanoparticles were successfully prepared, as proven using different spectroscopic techniques such as fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The applicability of Fe3O4@SiO2-aminotet-Cu(II) magnetic catalyst allows the efficient synthesis of a variety of arylaminotetrazoles from the reaction between various arylcyanamides with sodium azide in high yields. The effect of catalyst loading was investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of arylaminotetrazoles was reasonably proposed. Results show that the 1-aryl-5-amino-1H-tetrazole (B isomer) and 5-arylamino-1H-tetrazole (A isomer) can be obtained from the arylcyanamides carrying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, respectively. This procedure offers a simple methodology, relatively short reaction times, easy work-up, high yields of the products and a cleaner reaction with elimination of hydrazoic acid (HN3). Moreover, catalyst can be conveniently recovered through the use of external magnet and reused for at least 6 times without any significant loss of its activity.

  2. Broadband infrared luminescence from Li2O-Al2O3-ZnO-SiO2 glasses doped with Bi2O3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Mingying; Qiu, Jianrong; Chen, Danping; Meng, Xiangeng; Zhu, Congshan

    2005-09-05

    The broadband emission in the 1.2~1.6mum region from Li2O-Al2O3-ZnO-SiO2 ( LAZS ) glass codoped with 0.01mol.%Cr2O3 and 1.0mol.%Bi2O3 when pumped by the 808nm laser at room temperature is not initiated from Cr4+ ions, but from bismuth, which is remarkably different from the results reported by Batchelor et al. The broad ~1300nm emission from Bi2O3-containing LAZS glasses possesses a FWHM ( Full Width at Half Maximum ) more than 250nm and a fluorescent lifetime longer than 500mus when excited by the 808nm laser. These glasses might have the potential applications in the broadly tunable lasers and the broadband fiber amplifiers.

  3. Phase formation in the Li2MoO4–K2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3 system and crystal structures of new compounds K3InMo4O15 and LiK2In(MoO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khal’baeva, Klara M.; Solodovnikov, Sergey F.; Khaikina, Elena G.; Kadyrova, Yuliya M.; Solodovnikova, Zoya A.; Basovich, Olga M.

    2012-01-01

    XRD study of solid-phase interaction in the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was performed. The boundary K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system is an non-quasibinary join of the K 2 O–In 2 O 3 –MoO 3 system where a new polymolybdate K 3 InMo 4 O 15 isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 was found. In the structure (a=33.2905(8), b=5.8610(1), c=15.8967(4) Å, β=90.725(1)°, sp. gr. C2/c, Z=8, R(F)=0.0407), InO 6 octahedra, Mo 2 O 7 diortho groups and MoO 4 tetrahedra form infinite ribbons {[In(MoO 4 ) 2 (Mo 2 O 7 )] 3− } ∞ along the b-axis. Between the chains, 8- to 10-coordinate potassium cations are located. A subsolidus phase diagram of the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was constructed and a novel triple molybdate LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 was revealed. Its crystal structure (a=7.0087(2), b=9.2269(3), c=10.1289(3) Å, β=107.401(1)°, sp. gr. P2 1 , Z=2, R(F)=0.0280) contains an open framework of vertex-shared MoO 4 tetrahedra, InO 6 octahedra and LiO 5 tetragonal pyramids with nine- and seven-coordinate potassium ions in the framework channels. - Graphical abstract: Exploring the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system showed its partial non-quasibinarity and revealed new compounds K 3 InMo 4 O 15 (isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 ) and LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 which were structurally studied. An open framework of the latter is formed by vertex-shared MoO 4 tetrahedra, InO 6 octahedra and LiO 5 tetragonal pyramids. Highlights: ► Subsolidus phase relations in the Li 2 MoO 4 –K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system were explored. ► The K 2 MoO 4 –In 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system is a non-quasibinary join of the K 2 O–In 2 O 3 –MoO 3 system. ► New compounds K 3 InMo 4 O 15 and LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 were obtained and structurally studied. ► K 3 InMo 4 O 15 is isotypic to K 3 FeMo 4 O 15 and carries bands of InO 6 , MoO 4 and Mo 2 O 7 units. ► An open framework of LiK 2 In(MoO 4 ) 3 is formed by polyhedra MoO 4 , InO 6 and LiO 5 .

  4. Lithium Superionic Conductor Li9.42Si1.02P2.1S9.96O2.04 with Li10GeP2S12-Type Structure in the Li2S–P2S5–SiO2 Pseudoternary System: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Structure–Composition Relationships

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hori, Satoshi; Suzuki, Kota; Hirayama, Masaaki; Kato, Yuki; Kanno, Ryoji

    2016-01-01

    Lithium superionic conductors with the Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 (LGPS)-type structure are promising materials for use as solid electrolytes in the next-generation lithium batteries. A novel member of the LGPS family, Li 9.42 Si 1.02 P 2.1 S 9.96 O 2.04 (LSiPSO), and its solid solutions were synthesized by quenching from 1273 K in the Li 2 S–P 2 S 5 –SiO 2 pseudoternary system. The material exhibited an ionic conductivity as high as 3.2 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at 298 K, as well as the high electrochemical stability to lithium metal, which was improved by the introduction of oxygen into the LGPS-type structure. An all-solid-state cell with a lithium metal anode and LSiPSO as the separator showed excellent performance with a high reversibility of 100%. Thus, oxygen doping is an effective way of improving the electrochemical stability of LGPS-type structure.

  5. Colloidal GdVO4:Eu3+@SiO2 nanocrystals for highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Yanjie; Noh, Hyeon Mi; Park, Sung Heum; Choi, Byung Chun; Jeong, Jung Hyun

    2018-03-01

    Nowadays, in view of health and safety demands, the controlled design of selective and sensitive sensors for Cu2+ detection is of considerable importance. Therefore, we construct herein core-shell colloidal GdVO4:Eu3+@SiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) as optical sensor for the detection of Cu2+, which were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction and encapsulated with a uniform layer of ultrathin silica through a sol-gel strategy. The NCs present strong red emission due to energy transfer from VO43- groups to Eu3+ when exciting with ultraviolet (UV) light. This intense red emission from Eu3+ could be selectively quenched in the presence of Cu2+ in comparison to other metal ions and the limit of detection is as low as 80 nM in aqueous solution. It is revealed that the spectral overlap between the emission band of NCs and the absorption of Cu2+ accounts for this intriguing luminescence behavior. The detection ability is highly reversible by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with the recovery of almost 100% of the original luminescence. The luminescence quenching and recovery processes can be performed repeatedly with good sensing ability. These remarkable performances allow the colloidal GdVO4:Eu3+@SiO2 NCs a promising fluorescence chemosensor for detecting Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution.

  6. Transport property of novel sono-catalysed LiCF sub 3 SO sub 3 doped SiO sub 2 -PEG ormolyte

    CERN Document Server

    Jung, H Y; Wi, C J; Whang, C M

    2003-01-01

    Transport property of a novel sono-catalysed LiCF sub 3 SO sub 3 doped SiO sub 2 -10 wt% PEG ormolyte is reported. The ormolyte was synthesized by sol-gel method by varying the LiCF sub 3 SO sub 3 concentration [Li/O] from 0 to 0.1 in mole. The composition with [Li/O] = 0.05 exhibited the highest conductivity (sigma sub 2 sub 5 sub d eg sub C = 2.4x10 sup - sup 4 S cm sup - sup 1) with an enhancement of 10 sup 3 from that of the host matrix: SiO sub 2 -10 wt% PEG sono gel and has been referred to as 'optimum conducting composition (OCC)'. The direct determination of Li sup + ion mobility (mu)/mobile ion concentration (n) indicated that the enhancement was due to the increase in mu and n both. The temperature dependence of sigma, mu and n were carried out for the OCC samples in order to evaluate the respective energies involved in different thermally activated processes and to understand the ion transport mechanism. The ion transference number (t sub i sub o sub n) measurement inferred the ions as the sole cha...

  7. X-ray diffraction analysis of LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} crystals with additives of silver atoms

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sirotinkin, V. P., E-mail: irotinkin.vladimir@mail.ru; Bush, A. A.; Kamentsev, K. E. [Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics, and Automation (Russian Federation); Dau, H. S. [People’s Friendship University of Russia (Russian Federation); Yakovlev, K. A. [Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics, and Automation (Russian Federation); Tishchenko, E. A. [People’s Friendship University of Russia (Russian Federation)

    2015-09-15

    Silver-containing LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} crystals up to 4 × 8 × 8 mm in size were grown by the crystallization of 80(1-x)CuO · 20{sub x}AgNO{sub 3} · 20Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) mixture melt. According to the X-ray spectral and Rietveld X-ray diffraction data, the maximum amount of silver incorporated in the LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} structure is about 4 at % relative to the copper content. It was established that silver atoms occupy statistically crystallographic positions of lithium atoms. The incorporation of silver atoms is accompanied by a noticeable increase in parameter c of the LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} rhombic unit cell, a slight increase in parameter a, and a slight decrease in parameter b.

  8. Phase formation in the Li2MoO4–Rb2MoO4–Fe2(MoO4)3 system and crystal structure of a novel triple molybdate LiRb2Fe(MoO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khal'baeva, Klara M.; Solodovnikov, Sergey F.; Khaikina, Elena G.; Kadyrova, Yuliya M.; Solodovnikova, Zoya A.; Basovich, Olga M.

    2013-01-01

    X-ray investigation of solid state interaction of the components in the Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4 –Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was carried out, and a subsolidus phase diagram of the said system was constructed. The subsystem Rb 2 MoO 4LiRbMoO 4 –RbFe(MoO 4 ) 2 was shown to be non-quasiternary. Formation of a novel triple molybdate LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 was established, conditions of solid state synthesis and crystallization of the compound were found. Its crystal structure (orthorhombic, space group Pnma, Z=4, a=24.3956(6), b=5.8306(1), c=8.4368(2) Å) represents a new structure type and includes infinite two-row ribbons ([Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 3− ) ∞ parallel to the b axis and composed of FeO 6 octahedra, terminal Mo(3)O 4 tetrahedra, and bridge Mo(1)O 4 and Mo(2)O 4 tetrahedra connecting two or three FeO 6 octahedra. The ribbons are connected to form 3D framework via corner-sharing LiO 4 tetrahedra. Rubidium cations are 11- and 13-coordinated and located in cavities of this heterogeneous polyhedral framework. - Graphical abstract: Exploring the Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4 –Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system showed its partial non-quasiternarity and revealed a new compound LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 which was structurally studied. - Highlights: • The Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4 –Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system study revealed a new compound LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 . • Its structure of a new type includes ribbons of FeO 6 octahedra and MoO 4 tetrahedra. • The ribbons are connected into a 3D framework via corner-sharing LiO 4 tetrahedra

  9. Preliminary study in development of glass-ceramic based on SiO2-LiO2 system, starting of different SiO2 starting powders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daguano, J.K.M.F.; Santos, F.A.; Santos, C.; Marton, L.F.M.; Conte, R.A.; Rodrigues Junior, D.; Melo, F.C.L.

    2009-01-01

    In this work, lithium disilicate glass-ceramics were developed starting of the rice ash- SiO 2 and Li 2 CO 3 powders. The results were compared with glass ceramics based on the lithium disilicate obtained by commercial SiO 2 powders. Glass were melted at 1580 deg C, and annealed at 850 deg C. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of the materials, and hardness and fracture toughness were evaluated using Vickers indentation method. Glasses with amorphous structure were obtained in both materials. After annealing, 'rice-ash' samples presented Li 2 SiO 3 and residual SiO 2 as crystalline phases. On the other side, commercial SiO 2 - Samples presented only Li 2 Si 2 O 5 as crystalline phases and the better results of hardness and fracture toughness. (author)

  10. Comparison of LiVPO4F to Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Rui; Shao, Lianyi; Wu, Kaiqiang; Shui, Miao; Wang, Dongjie; Pan, Jianguo; Long, Nengbing; Ren, Yuanlong; Shu, Jie

    2013-09-11

    In this paper, we reported on a comparison of LiVPO4F to Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Combined with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, galvanostatic discharge/charge tests and in situ X-ray diffraction technologies, we explore and compare the insertion/extraction mechanisms of LiVPO4F based on the V3+/V2+/V+ redox couples and Li4Ti5O12 based on the Ti4+/Ti3+ redox couple cycled in 1.0-3.0 V and 0.0-3.0 V. The electrochemical results indicate that both LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 are solid electrolyte interphase free materials in 1.0-3.0 V. The insertion/extraction mechanisms of LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 are similar with each other in 1.0-3.0 V as proved by in situ X-ray diffraction. It also demonstrates that both samples possess stable structure in 0.0-3.0 V. Additionally, the electrochemical performance tests of LiVPO4F and Li4Ti5O12 indicate that both samples cycled in 0.0-3.0 V exhibit much higher capacities than those cycled in 1.0-3.0 V but display worse cycle performance. The rate performance of Li4Ti5O12 far exceeds that of LiVPO4F in the same electrochemical potential window. In particular, the capacity retention of Li4Ti5O12 cycled in 1.0-3.0 V is as high as 98.2% after 20 cycles. By contrast, Li4Ti5O12 is expected to be a candidate anode material considering its high working potential, structural zero-strain property, and excellent cycle stability and rate performance.

  11. Study on crystallization kinetics and phase evolution in Li2O-Al2O3-GeO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Das, Anurup; Dixit, Anupam; Goswami, Madhumita; Mythili, R.; Hajra, R. N.

    2018-04-01

    To address the safety issues related to liquid electrolyte and improve the battery performance, Solid State Electrolytes (SSEs) are now in frontier area of research interest. We report here synthesis of Li-SSE based on Li2O-Al2O3-GeO2-P2O5 (LAGP) system with NASICON structure. Glass sample with nominal composition Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P2.5Si0.5O12 was prepared by melt-quenching technique. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was studied using DSC and activation energy of crystallisation was calculated to be ˜ 246 kJ/mol using Kissinger's equation. XRD of heat treated samples show the formation of required LiGe2(PO4)3 phase along with other minor phases. Compositional analysis using SEM-EDX confirms enrichment of Ge and Si along the grain boundaries.

  12. Martinandresite, Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O, a new zeolite from Wasenalp, Switzerland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chukanov, Nikita V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Meisser, Nicolas; Ansermet, Stefan; Weiss, Stefan; Pekov, Igor V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Vozchikova, Svetlana A.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu.

    2018-06-01

    The new zeolite martinandresite, ideally Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O, was discovered in the armenite locality of Wasenalp near the Isenwegg peak, Ganter valley, Simplon region, Switzerland. The associated minerals are armenite, quartz, dickite, and chlorite. Martinandresite forms tan-coloured blocky crystals up to 8 × 5 × 3.5 mm, their aggregates up to 6 cm across, as well as cruciform twins up to 3.5 mm. The major form is {010}; the subordinate forms are {100} and {001}. Indistinct cleavage is observed, presumably on (010) and in a direction across (010). The Mohs' hardness is 4½. Density measured by flotation in heavy liquids is 2.482(5) g/cm3. Density calculated using the empirical formula is equal to 2.495 g/cm3. Martinandresite is optically biaxial, negative, α = 1.500(2), β = 1.512(2), γ = 1.515(2) ( λ = 589 nm). 2 V (meas.) = 55(10)°. The IR spectrum is given. The chemical composition of martinandresite is (wt%; electron microprobe, H2O determined by the modified Penfield method): Na2O 0.37, K2O 0.12, BaO 21.55, Al2O3 15.03, SiO2 49.86, H2O 12.57, total 99.50. The empirical formula based on 16 atoms Si + Al pfu is Na0.17K0.04Ba2.00(Al4.19Si11.81O32)H19.85O9.93. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The new mineral is orthorhombic, space group Pmmn, with a = 9.4640(5), b = 14.2288(6), c = 6.9940(4) Å, V = 941.82(8) Å3 and Z = 1. The crystal structure of martinandresite is unique and is based on the Al-Si-O tetrahedral framework containing four-, six- and eight-membered rings of tetrahedra. Si and Al are disordered between the two independent tetrahedral sites. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [ d, Å ( I, %) ( hkl)] are: 6.98 (74) (001), 6.26 (83) (011), 5.61 (100) (101), 3.933 (60) (220, 031), 3.191 (50) (112), 3.170 (62) (041), 3.005 (79) (231, 141). Martinandresite is named after Martin Andres (b. 1965), the discoverer of the armenite locality of Wasenalp.

  13. Martinandresite, Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O, a new zeolite from Wasenalp, Switzerland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chukanov, Nikita V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Meisser, Nicolas; Ansermet, Stefan; Weiss, Stefan; Pekov, Igor V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Vozchikova, Svetlana A.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu.

    2017-12-01

    The new zeolite martinandresite, ideally Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O, was discovered in the armenite locality of Wasenalp near the Isenwegg peak, Ganter valley, Simplon region, Switzerland. The associated minerals are armenite, quartz, dickite, and chlorite. Martinandresite forms tan-coloured blocky crystals up to 8 × 5 × 3.5 mm, their aggregates up to 6 cm across, as well as cruciform twins up to 3.5 mm. The major form is {010}; the subordinate forms are {100} and {001}. Indistinct cleavage is observed, presumably on (010) and in a direction across (010). The Mohs' hardness is 4½. Density measured by flotation in heavy liquids is 2.482(5) g/cm3. Density calculated using the empirical formula is equal to 2.495 g/cm3. Martinandresite is optically biaxial, negative, α = 1.500(2), β = 1.512(2), γ = 1.515(2) (λ = 589 nm). 2V (meas.) = 55(10)°. The IR spectrum is given. The chemical composition of martinandresite is (wt%; electron microprobe, H2O determined by the modified Penfield method): Na2O 0.37, K2O 0.12, BaO 21.55, Al2O3 15.03, SiO2 49.86, H2O 12.57, total 99.50. The empirical formula based on 16 atoms Si + Al pfu is Na0.17K0.04Ba2.00(Al4.19Si11.81O32)H19.85O9.93. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The new mineral is orthorhombic, space group Pmmn, with a = 9.4640(5), b = 14.2288(6), c = 6.9940(4) Å, V = 941.82(8) Å3 and Z = 1. The crystal structure of martinandresite is unique and is based on the Al-Si-O tetrahedral framework containing four-, six- and eight-membered rings of tetrahedra. Si and Al are disordered between the two independent tetrahedral sites. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.98 (74) (001), 6.26 (83) (011), 5.61 (100) (101), 3.933 (60) (220, 031), 3.191 (50) (112), 3.170 (62) (041), 3.005 (79) (231, 141). Martinandresite is named after Martin Andres (b. 1965), the discoverer of the armenite locality of Wasenalp.

  14. Optical properties of transparent Li2O-Ga2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics embedding Ni-doped nanocrystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Takenobu; Murugan, Ganapathy Senthil; Ohishi, Yasutake

    2005-01-01

    Transparent Li 2 O-Ga 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (LGS) glass-ceramics embedding Ni:LiGa 5 O 8 nanocrystals were fabricated. An intense emission centered around 1300 nm with the width of more than 300 nm was observed by 976 nm photoexcitation of the glass-ceramics. The lifetime was more than 900 μs at 5 K and 500 μs at 300 K. The emission could be attributed to the 3 T 2g ( 3 F)→ 3 A 2g ( 3 F) transition of Ni 2+ in distorted octahedral sites in LiGa 5 O 8 . The product of stimulated emission cross section and lifetime for the emission was about 3.7x10 -24 cm 2 s and was a sufficiently practical value

  15. LEACHABILITY OF CHROME FROM MAGNESIA-CHROMITE REFRACTORY BRICKS CORRODED BY Cu/CuO- Na2O.2SiO2 SLAGS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Medved

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The interactions of magnesia-chromite refractory brick with Cu-Na2O.2SiO2 and CuO-Na2O.2SiO2 melts are studied and the chemical durability of corrosion products in water is evaluated. The corrosion tests confirm intensive infiltration of the slag melts into the tested refractory bricks and formation of Cr(6+ compounds. The molten copper partially oxidizes during corrosion test by air and penetrates into bricks. Interactions among periclase (MgO and chromite (FeCr2O4 grains with the melt Na2O.2SiO2 and copper oxides makes possible to form several compounds (e.g. Cu2MgO3, CuCrO4, CaCrO4, Na2CrO4, MgCrO4. Just the marked yellow spots, which were observed on the corroded brick surface after 30 days of free storage, suggest hydration of the high-temperature corrosion products. The yellow color of spots points out to chromates as Na2CrO4 and MgCrO4, which are well soluble in water. The leaching of corroded bricks in water (batch leaching test of a ratio of S (solid : W (water = 0.1 taking up to 28 days confirmed the Cr, Na, Mg and Ca ions leach-out. The pH value of solution increased up to 9 during leaching mainly as a consequence of elevated Na+ ion concentration. The Cr ion concentration rises in the solution up to 1 mmol.l-1. The observed moderate decrease of Cr ion concentration in the solution with the length of leaching indicates super-saturation of the solution and precipitation of the products.

  16. Luminescence and excited state dynamics in Bi3+-doped LiLaP4O12 phosphates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babin, V.; Chernenko, K.; Demchenko, P.; Mihokova, E.; Nikl, M.; Pashuk, I.; Shalapska, T.; Voloshinovskii, A.; Zazubovich, S.

    2016-01-01

    Photo- and X-ray-excited luminescence characteristics of Bi-doped LiLaP 4 O 12 phosphates with different bismuth contents (from 1 to 25 at% in the melt) are investigated in the 4.2–300 K temperature range and compared with the characteristics of the undoped LiLaP 4 O 12 phosphate. The broad 2.95 eV emission band of LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi excited around 5.4 eV is found to arise from the bismuth dopant. Relatively large FWHM and Stokes shift of the emission band and especially the data on the low-temperature decay kinetics of the 2.95 eV emission and its temperature dependence, indicating a very small spin-orbit splitting energy of the corresponding excited state, allow the conclusion that this emission arises from the radiative decay of the triplet state of an exciton localized around a Bi 3+ ion. No spectral bands are observed, arising from the electron transitions between the energy levels of Bi 3+ ions. Phenomenological model is proposed for the description of the excited state dynamics of the Bi 3+ -related localized exciton in LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi and the parameters of the triplet localized exciton state are determined. Keywords: Photoluminescence; Time-resolved spectroscopy; Excited states; Bi 3+ centers; LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi powders

  17. Phase formation in the Li2MoO4-Rb2MoO4-Ln2(MoO4)3 systems and the properties of LiRbLn2(MoO4)4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Basovich, O.M.; Khajkina, E.G.; Vasil'ev, E.V.; Frolov, A.M.

    1995-01-01

    Phase equilibria within subsolidus range of ternary salt systems Li 2 MoO 4 -Rb 2 MoO 4 -Ln 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 (Ln - Nd, Er) are analyzed. Formation of ternary molybdate LiRbNd 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 is proved along LiNd(MoO 4 ) 2 -RbNd(MoO 4 )-2 cross-section. Phase diagram of this cross-section is plotted. Similar compounds are synthesized for Ln = La-Eu. The parameters of their monoclinic elementary cells are determined. Luminescent properties of LiRbLa 2 (MoO 4 ) 4 -Nd 3+ are studied. 17 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs

  18. Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li-Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li-Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li17Si4.0-xGex for x = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li4.1Ge.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeilinger, Michael; Fässler, Thomas F

    2014-10-28

    A reinvestigation of the lithium-rich section of the Li-Ge phase diagram reveals the existence of two new phases, Li17Ge4 and Li4.10Ge (Li16.38Ge4). Their structures are determined by X-ray diffraction experiments of large single crystals obtained from equilibrated melts with compositions Li95Ge5 and Li85Ge15. Excess melt is subsequently removed through isothermal centrifugation at 400 °C and 530 °C, respectively. Li17Ge4 crystallizes in the space group F4[combining macron]3m (a = 18.8521(3) Å, V = 6700.1(2) Å(3), Z = 20, T = 298 K) and Li4.10Ge (Li16.38Ge4) in Cmcm (a = 4.5511(2) Å, b = 22.0862(7) Å, c = 13.2751(4) Å, V = 1334.37(8) Å(3), Z = 16, T = 123 K). Both phases are isotypic with their Si counterparts and are further representative of the Li17Pb4 and Li4.11Si structure types. Additionally, the solid solutions Li17Si4-xGex follows Vegard's law. A comparison of the GeLin coordination polyhedra shows that isolated Ge atoms are 13- and 14-coordinated in Li17Ge4, whereas in Li16.38Ge4 the Ge atoms possess coordination numbers 12 and 13. Regarding the thermodynamic stability, Li16.38Ge4 is assigned a high-temperature phase existing between ∼400 °C and 627 °C, whereas Li17Ge4 decomposes peritectically at 520-522 °C. Additionally, the decomposition of Li16.38Ge4 below ∼400 °C was found to be very sluggish. These findings are manifested by differential scanning calorimetry, long-term annealing experiments and the results from melt equilibration experiments. Interestingly, the thermodynamic properties of the lithium-rich tetrelides Li17Tt4 and Li4.1Tt (Li16.4Tt4) are very similar (Tt = Si, Ge). Besides Li15Tt4, Li14Tt6, Li12Tt7, and LiTt, the title compounds are further examples of isotypic tetrelides in the systems Li-Tt.

  19. Density functional theory study of the structural, electronic, lattice dynamical, and thermodynamic properties of Li4SiO4 and its capability for CO2 capture

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duan, Yuhua; Parlinski, K.

    2011-01-01

    The structural, electronic, lattice dynamical, optical, thermodynamic, and CO{sub 2} capture properties of monoclinic and triclinic phases of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} are investigated by combining density functional theory with phonon lattice dynamics calculations. We found that these two phases have some similarities in their bulk and thermodynamic properties. The calculated bulk modulus and the cohesive energies of these two phases are close to each other. Although both of them are insulators, the monoclinic phase of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} has a direct band gap of 5.24 eV while the triclinic Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} phase has an indirect band gap of 4.98 eV. In both phases of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}, the s orbital of O mainly contributes to the lower-energy second valence band (VB{sub 2}) and the p orbitals contribute to the fist valence band (VB{sub 1}) and the conduction bands (CBs). The s orbital of Si mainly contributes to the lower portions of the VB1 and VB{sub 2}, and Si p orbitals mainly contribute to the higher portions of the VB{sub 1} and VB{sub 2}. The s and p orbitals of Li contribute to both VBs and to CBs, and Li p orbitals have a higher contribution than the Li s orbital. There is possibly a phonon soft mode existing in triclinic {gamma}-Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}; in the monoclinic Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}, there are three phonon soft modes, which correspond to the one type of Li disordered over a few sites. Their LO-TO splitting indicates that both phases of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} are polar anisotropic materials. The calculated infrared absorption spectra for LO and TO modes are different for these two phases of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}. The calculated relationships of the chemical potential versus temperature and CO{sub 2} pressure for reaction of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} with CO{sub 2} shows that Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} could be a good candidate for a high-temperature CO{sub 2} sorbent while used for postcombustion capture technology.

  20. Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior of hierachically porous CuO/α-Fe2O3/SiO2 composite material for CO and o-DCB oxidation

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Xiaodong Ma; Xi Feng; Xuan He; Hongwen Guo; Lu Lü

    2011-01-01

    Hierachically porous (HP) CuO/α-Fe2O3/SiO2 composite material was fabricated by sol-gel method and multi-hydrothermal processes using HP-SiO2 as support.The resulting material was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The as-prepared CuO/Fe2O3/HP-SiO2 sample,with α-Fe2O3 and CuO nanocrystals,possessed a co-continuous skeleton,through-macroporous and mesoporous structure.Its catalytic behavior for CO and o-DCB oxidation was investigated.The result showed that CuO/Fe2O3/HP-SiO2 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for both CO and o-DCB oxidation,indicating its potential application in combined abatement of CO and chlorinated volatile organic compounds.

  1. Crystal and magnetic structures of CaCu3Fe4O12 and LaCu3Fe4O12: distinct charge transitions of unusual high valence Fe

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimakawa, Yuichi

    2015-01-01

    New 134-type perovskites, CaCu 3 Fe 4 O 12 (CCFO) and LaCu 3 Fe 4 O 12 (LCFO), were prepared by means of high-pressure synthesis. The compounds contain unusual high valence Fe 4+ in CCFO and Fe 3.75+ in LCFO at high temperatures. With decreasing temperature, the instabilities of the high valence states of Fe are relieved by distinct charge transitions, which are charge disproportionation (4Fe 4+   →  2Fe 3+   +  2Fe 5+ ) in CCFO and intermetallic charge transfer (3Cu 2+   +  4Fe 3.75+   →  3Cu 3+   +  4Fe 3+ ) in LCFO. Crystal structure analysis with synchrotron x-ray diffraction and magnetic structure analysis with neutron diffraction revealed the nature of the transitions. Although the two behaviors look completely different from each other in simple ionic models, they can both be explained by the localization of ligand holes, which are produced by the strong hybridization of low-lying Fe-d and oxygen p orbitals in the oxides. The ligand holes in the charge disproportionated CCFO are localized at the Fe–O sites alternately (4d 5 L  →  2d 5   +  2d 5 L 2 ) and the ligand holes in the charge transferred LCFO are localized at the Cu–O sites (3d 9   +  4d 5 L 0.75   →  3d 9 L  +  4d 5 ). (review)

  2. Composition Screening in Blue-Emitting Li4Sr1+xCa0.97-x(SiO4)2:Ce3+ Phosphors for High Quantum Efficiency and Thermally Stable Photoluminescence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jingchen; Zhang, Jilin; Zhou, Wenli; Ji, Xiaoyu; Ma, Wentao; Qiu, Zhongxian; Yu, Liping; Li, Chengzhi; Xia, Zhiguo; Wang, Zhengliang; Lian, Shixun

    2017-09-13

    Photoluminescence quantum efficiency (QE) and thermal stability are important for phosphors used in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). Li 4 Sr 1+x Ca 0.97-x (SiO 4 ) 2 :0.03Ce 3+ (-0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) phosphors were designed from the initial model of Li 4 SrCa(SiO 4 ) 2 :Ce 3+ , and their single-phased crystal structures were found to be located in the composition range of -0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.7. Depending on the substitution of Sr 2+ for Ca 2+ ions, the absolute QE value of blue-emitting composition-optimized Li 4 Sr 1.4 Ca 0.57 (SiO 4 ) 2 :0.03Ce 3+ reaches ∼94%, and the emission intensity at 200 °C remains 95% of that at room temperature. Rietveld refinements and Raman spectral analyses suggest the increase of crystal rigidity, increase of force constant in CeO 6 , and decrease of vibrational frequency by increasing Sr 2+ content, which are responsible for the enhanced quantum efficiency and thermal stability. The present study points to a new strategy for future development of the pc-LEDs phosphors based on local structures correlation via composition screening.

  3. Thermal cycling tests on Li4SiO4 and beryllium pebbles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dalle Donne, M.; Norajitra, P.; Weisenburger, A.

    1995-01-01

    The European B.O.T. Demo-relevant solid breeder blanket is based on the use of beds of beryllium and Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles. Particularly dangerous for the pebble integrity are the rapid temperature changes which could occur, for instance, by a sudden blanket power shut-down. A series of thermal cycle tests have been performed for various beds of beryllium and Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles. No breaking was observed in the beryllium pebbles, however the Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles broke by temperature rates of change of about -50 C/sec independently on pebbles size and lithium enrichment. This value is considerably higher than the peak temperature rates of change expected in the blanket. (orig.)

  4. Thermal stability of Cu/α-Ta/SiO2/Si structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan, Z.L.; Zhang, D.H.; Li, C.Y.; Prasad, K.; Tan, C.M.

    2004-01-01

    The thermal stability of the Cu/α-Ta/SiO 2 /Si structures is investigated. Tantalum oxides are first observed at the interface between Cu and Ta due to residual oxygen in the annealing ambient at low annealing temperatures (about 600 deg. C). Ternary Cu-Ta oxides and/or Ta oxides rather than Cu oxides are found at the Cu top layer on account of the out diffusion of Ta. After high temperature annealing (up to 750 deg. C), polycrystalline Tantalum oxides (Ta 2 O 5 ) and Ta-rich silicides (Ta 5 Si 3 ) are found as dominant products due to the dissociation of SiO 2 . A severe intermixing of Cu, Ta and SiO 2 was observed after 800 deg. C annealing. First a drop and then an increase in sheet resistances were observed, the former possibly resulting from grain growth and impurities removal in Cu films, and the latter from the reduction of Cu thickness and formation of high resistivity products. The α-Ta films with a thickness of 25 nm have good barrier effectiveness up to 750 deg. C. The degradation of α-Ta film is mainly caused by self oxidation, silicidation and bidirectional diffusion

  5. Rietveld refinement of the orthorhombic Pbca structures of Rb2CdSi5O12, Cs2MnSiO5O12, Cs2CoSi5O12 and Cs2NiSi5O12 leucites by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bell, A.M.T.; Henderson, C.M.B.

    1996-01-01

    Analysis of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction patterns for hydrothermally synthesized Rb 2 CdSi 5 O 12 and Cs 2 MnSi 5 O 12 leucite analogues, and dry-synthesized Cs 2 CoSi 5 O 12 and Cs 2 NiSi 5 O 12 leucite analogues showed that they have an orthorhombic Pbca structure. The structures have been refined by the Rietveld method, showing that the tetrahedrally coordinated atoms (Si, Cd, Mn, Co and Ni) are ordered on separate sites. The Cs 2 MnSi 5 O 12 , Cs 2 CoSi 5 O 12 and Cs 2 NiSi 5 O 12 leucite samples are unusual in containing SiO 4 tetrahedra which are more distorted, on average, than the larger MnO 4 , CoO 4 and NiO 4 tetrahedra. The JCPDS file numbers for Rb 2 CdSi 5 O 12 , Cs 2 MnSi 5 O 12 and Cs 2 CoSi 5 O 12 are 46-1491, 46-1492 and 46-1493, respectively. (orig.)

  6. Characterization of Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 spinel materials treated with aqueous acidic solutions

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Simon, D.R.

    2007-01-01

    In this thesis an investigation of two spinel materials, Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 used for Li-ion battery applications is performed interms of formation and reactivity towards acidic solutions. Subsequent characterizations such as structural, magnetic, chemical, and electrochemical characterizations

  7. LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/Mo(W)O/sub 4/ and NaVO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/Cr(Mo)O/sub 4/ systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belyaev, I N; Lupeiko, T G; Vyalikova, V I [Rostovskij-na-Donu Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (USSR)

    1975-09-01

    The systems LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/, LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/WO/sub 4/, NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/CrO/sub 4/, NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ were studied with thermographic and partially visual polythermal methods of physical and chemical analyses. Except NaVO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ all investigated systems are eutectic ones with limited solid solutions on the basis of some component; the eutectics melt at 542, 544, 550/sup 0/C and contain 25, 20 and 26% of Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/, Li/sub 2/WO/sub 4/ and Na/sub 2/CrO/sub 4/ respectively. The system NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ contains compound 18 NaVO/sub 3/.11Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ congruently melting at 570/sup 0/C. Two eutectics of the system have melting points at 542 and 548/sup 0/C and contain 47 and 67% of Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/.

  8. Vancomycin-modified Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag microflowers as effective antimicrobial agents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang C

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Chongwen Wang,1,2,* Kehan Zhang,2,* Zhe Zhou,2,* Qingjun Li,2 Liting Shao,2 Rong Zhang Hao,3 Rui Xiao,2 Shengqi Wang1,2 1College of Life Sciences & Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 2Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 3Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Nanomaterials combined with antibiotics exhibit synergistic effects and have gained increasing interest as promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, vancomycin-modified magnetic-based silver microflowers (Van/Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag microflowers were rationally designed and prepared to achieve strong bactericidal ability, a wide antimicrobial spectrum, and good recyclability. High-performance Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag microflowers served as a multifunction-supporting matrix and exhibited sufficient magnetic response property due to their 200 nm Fe3O4 core. The microflowers also possessed a highly branched flower-like Ag shell that provided a large surface area for effective Ag ion release and bacterial contact. The modified-vancomycin layer was effectively bound to the cell wall of bacteria to increase the permeability of the cell membrane and facilitate the entry of the Ag ions into the bacterium, resulting in cell death. As such, the fabricated Van/Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag microflowers were predicted to be an effective and environment-friendly antibacterial agent. This hypothesis was verified through sterilization of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 and 20 µg mL-1, respectively. The microflowers also showed enhanced effect compared with bare Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag microflowers and free-form vancomycin, confirming the synergistic effects of the combination of the

  9. Thermodynamics of the Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}/H{sub 2}O system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alvani, C; Casadio, S [ENEA, Casaccia (Italy); Johnson, C

    1998-03-01

    The chemical interaction of He or He+0.1%H{sub 2} purge gases with Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles has been examined as a function temperature and partial pressure of water vapor by Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) measurements. The experimental conditions were selected to be representative of those envisaged occurring in the HCPB (Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed) blanket. At constant partial pressure of moisture, water adsorption on Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} decreases with increasing temperature up to 973K. Above that temperature water absorption increases due of the increasing water solubility of lithium hydroxide with temperature. Using these data, thermodynamic calculations have been carried out to evaluate the behavior of lithium orthosilicate in a moisture-containing environment. The evaluation was done over the 773 to 1173K temperature range. In general, the behavior of lithium orthosilicate was similar to earlier studies on lithium oxide except that the orthosilicate is not as strong in its deviations from ideality as the oxide. (author)

  10. Effects of the co-addition of LiSbO3-LiTaO3 on the densification of (Na1/2K1/2)NbO3 lead free ceramics by atmosphere sintering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiang Na; Fang Bijun; Wu Jian; Du Qingbo

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → This manuscript shows a synthesis method that can easily obtain excellent lead-free samples, which is valuable for industrial production. → Pure phase perovskite 0.94(Na 1/2 K 1/2 )NbO 3 -0.03LiSbO 3 -0.03LiTaO 3 (0.94NKN-0.03LS-0.03LT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with high relative density, being 94.73%, and excellent integral electrical properties, piezoelectric constant d 33 being 228 pC/N, were prepared by atmosphere sintering method. Which can be attributed to the co-doping of LiSbO 3 -LiTaO 3 . - Abstract: Pure phase perovskite 0.94(Na 1/2 K 1/2 )NbO 3 -0.03LiSbO 3 -0.03LiTaO 3 (0.94NKN-0.03LS-0.03LT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Due to the co-addition of LiSbO 3 -LiTaO 3 , the 0.94NKN-0.03LS-0.03LT ceramics prepared by atmosphere sintering at 1040 deg. C exhibit high relative density, being 94.73%, and rather homogenous microstructure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed that the sintered ceramics exhibit pure tetragonal perovskite structure. The 0.94NKN-0.03LS-0.03LT ceramics exhibit excellent integral electrical properties, in which the value of piezoelectric constant d 33 is 228 pC/N, the electromechanical coupling factors K p and K t are 0.220 and 0.230, respectively, the mechanical quality factor Q m is 32.19, and the remnant polarization P r is 23.06 μC/cm 2 . Such excellent electrical properties are considered as correlating with the high relative density of the synthesized ceramics induced by the co-doping of LiSbO 3 -LiTaO 3 .

  11. Charge dynamics of 57Fe probe atoms in La2Li0.5Cu0.5O4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Presniakov, I. A.; Sobolev, A. V.; Rusakov, V. S.; Moskvin, A. S.; Baranov, A. V.

    2018-06-01

    The objective of this study is to characterize the electronic state and local surrounding of 57Fe Mössbauer probe atoms within iron-doped layered perovskite La2Li0.5Cu0.5O4 containing transition metal in unusual formal oxidation states "+3". An approach based on the qualitative energy diagrams analysis and the calculations within the cluster configuration interaction method have been developed. It was shown that a large amount of charge is transferred via Cu-O bonds from the O: 2p bands to the Cu: 3d orbitals and the ground state is dominated by the d9L configuration ("Cu2+-O-" state). The dominant d9L ground state for the (CuO6) sublattice induces in the environment of the 57Fe probe cations a charge transfer Fe3+ + O-(L) → Fe4+ + O2-, which transforms "Fe3+" into "Fe4+" state. The experimental spectra in the entire temperature range 77-300 K were described with the use of the stochastic two-level model based on the assumption of dynamic equilibrium between two Fe3+↔Fe4+ valence states related to the iron atom in the [Fe(1)O4]4- center. The relaxation frequencies and activation energies of the corresponding charge fluctuations were estimated based on Mössbauer data. The results are discussed assuming a temperature-induced change in the electronic state of the [CuO4]5- clusters in the layered perovskite.

  12. Immobilization of [Cu(bpy)2]Br2 complex onto a glassy carbon electrode modified with alpha-SiMo12O40(4-) and single walled carbon nanotubes: application to nanomolar detection of hydrogen peroxide and bromate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salimi, Abdollah; Korani, Aazam; Hallaj, Rahman; Khoshnavazi, Roshan; Hadadzadeh, Hasan

    2009-03-02

    A simple procedure has been used for preparation of modified glassy carbon electrode with carbon nanotubes and copper complex. Copper complex [Cu(bpy)(2)]Br(2) was immobilized onto glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with silicomolybdate, alpha-SiMo(12)O(40)(4-) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Copper complex and silicomolybdate irreversibly and strongly adsorbed onto GC electrode modified with CNTs. Electrostatic interactions between polyoxometalates (POMs) anions and Cu-complex, cations mentioned as an effective method for fabrication of three-dimensional structures. The modified electrode shows three reversible redox couples for polyoxometalate and one redox couple for Cu-complex at wide range of pH values. The electrochemical behavior, stability and electron transfer kinetics of the adsorbed redox couples were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Due to electrostatic interaction, copper complex immobilized onto GC/CNTs/alpha-SiMo(12)O(40)(4-) electrode shows more stable voltammetric response compared to GC/CNTs/Cu-complex modified electrode. In comparison to GC/CNTs/Cu-complex the GC/CNTs/alpha-SiMo(12)O(40)(4-) modified electrodes shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward reduction H(2)O(2) and BrO(3)(-) at more reduced overpotential. The catalytic rate constants for catalytic reduction hydrogen peroxide and bromate were 4.5(+/-0.2)x10(3) M(-1) s(-1) and 3.0(+/-0.10)x10(3) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The hydrodynamic amperommetry technique at 0.08 V was used for detection of nanomolar concentration of hydrogen peroxide and bromate. Detection limit, sensitivity and linear concentration range proposed sensor for bromate and hydrogen peroxide detection were 1.1 nM and 6.7 nA nM(-1), 10 nM-20 microM, 1 nM, 5.5 nA nM(-1) and 10 nM-18 microM, respectively.

  13. Plasma diagnostic studies of the influence of process variables upon the atomic and molecular species ejected from (1-x)Li4SiO4:xLi3PO4 targets during rf-magnetron sputtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wachs, A.L.; Bates, J.B.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.

    1990-01-01

    The deposition of thin-film electrolytes is a critical step in the development of lithium microbatteries with the potential for circuit integration. We have performed a preliminary study of the rf-magnetron sputtering of (1-x)Li 4 SiO 4 :xLi 3 PO 4 targets used to deposit amorphous thin-film electrolytes formed of the three-component system Li 2 O--SiO 2 --P 2 O 5 . Mass and optical emission spectroscopies have been used to investigate the effects of target composition and the deposition conditions upon the atomic and molecular species ejected from the targets. The data provide important information for understanding the mechanism of film formation and for monitoring the Li atomic flux onto the substrates during film growth. 5 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab

  14. Sequential Condensation and Hydrodeoxygenation Reaction of Furfural-Acetone Adduct over Mix Catalysts Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 in Water

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siti Mariyah Ulfa

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Sequential condensation and hydrodeoxygenation reaction were perform using autoclave batch reactor in the presence of water as a solvent. The condensation of furfural and acetone was performed using MgO catalyst followed by hydrodeoxygenation using mix catalyst Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2. The catalyst was prepared by wet-impregnation method and analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDX as well as BET surface. Condensation of furfural and acetone in 1:2 mol ratio was carried out by reflux gave 4-(2-furyl-3-buten-2-one and 1,5-bis-(2-furanyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one. The condensation product was then subjected for hydrodeoxygenation using batch reactor, catalyzed by mixed Ni/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 at 150 and 180 °C for 2 h. The product identified as alkane derivatives with the conversion at 38.83 and 50.35%, respectively. The selectivity of hydrocarbon is 61.39% at 150 °C and 16.55% at 180 °C. Increasing the reaction temperature to 200 °C did not give any products except the recovery of the precursor. It showed that higher temperature enhanced the catalyst activity but the selectivity is controlled by low reaction temperature.

  15. SAW propagation characteristics of TeO3/3C-SiC/LiNbO3 layered structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soni, Namrata D.

    2018-04-01

    Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices based on Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal are advantageous because of its high SAW phase velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and cost effectiveness. In the present work a new multi-layered TeO3/3C-SiC/128° Y-X LiNbO3 SAW device has been proposed. SAW propagation properties such as phase velocity, coupling coefficient and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) of the TeO3/SiC/128° Y-X LiNbO3 multi layered structure is examined using theoretical calculations. It is found that the integration of 0.09λ thick 3C-SiC over layer on 128° Y-X LiNbO3 increases its electromechanical coupling coefficient from 5.3% to 9.77% and SAW velocity from 3800 ms‑1 to 4394 ms‑1. The SiC/128° Y-X LiNbO3 bilayer SAW structure exhibits a high positive TCD value. A temperature stable layered SAW device could be obtained with introduction of 0.007λ TeO3 over layer on SiC/128° Y-X LiNbO3 bilayer structure without sacrificing the efficiency of the device. The proposed TeO3/3C-SiC/128° Y-X LiNbO3 multi-layered SAW structure is found to be cost effective, efficient, temperature stable and suitable for high frequency application in harsh environment.

  16. Synthesis of graphene supported Li2SiO3 as a high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Shuai; Wang, Qiufen; Miao, Juan; Zhang, Jingyang; Zhang, Dafeng; Chen, Yumei; Yang, Hong

    2018-06-01

    The Li2SiO3-graphene composite is successfully synthesized through an easy hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of the produced samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller formalism, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electrochemistry methods. The result shows a well crystalline of the Li2SiO3-GE composite. The existence of graphene doesn't change the crystalline of Li2SiO3. In addition, the Li2SiO3 compound with an average diameter of 20 nm can be seen on the surface of graphene with uniform distribution. After the composite with graphene, the composite displays large surface area which ensures the well electrochemistry of the composite. Finally, the Li2SiO3-graphene composite delivers a high initial capacity of 878.3 mAh g-1 at 1C as well as a high recovery capacity of 400 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles. When charged and discharged at high rate, the Li2SiO3-doping graphene composite still exhibits a high specific capacity of 748.3 mAh g-1 (at 2C, and 576 mAh g-1 at 5C) and well cycling performance. The well synthesized composite possesses well structure and well electrochemistry performance.

  17. Insight into cation disorder of Li{sub 2}Fe{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}SiO{sub 4}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bini, Marcella [Dept. of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100 (Italy); Ferrari, Stefania, E-mail: stefania.ferrari@unipv.it [Dept. of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100 (Italy); Capsoni, Doretta; Spreafico, Clelia; Tealdi, Cristina; Mustarelli, Piercarlo [Dept. of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100 (Italy)

    2013-04-15

    Transition metal lithium orthosilicates are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Here we report a combined experimental (in situ X-ray diffraction) and computational (static lattice and molecular dynamics) study of the thermal behavior of the Li{sub 2}Fe{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}SiO{sub 4} orthosilicate from room temperature to 950 °C. Our X-ray results showed that Pmnb polymorph is the most stable all over the explored temperature range. A significant cation disorder up to 80%, based on the anti-site defect, was found. The defect concentration depends on the synthesis route and temperature, and is completely reversible after the thermal treatments. Moreover, a careful analysis of the impurity phases allowed us to identify Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}, Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and Li{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 8}, the last one never reported before. The minimization of defects by opportunely tuning the synthetic parameters would be of great importance in view of potential applications of these materials in lithium batteries. - Graphical abstract: A combined experimental in situ X-ray diffraction and computational study of the thermal behavior of the Li{sub 2}Fe{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}SiO{sub 4} is reported herein. The anti-site defect does justify the diffraction patterns changes with temperature. Highlights: ► Study of the thermal behavior of Li{sub 2}Fe{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}SiO{sub 4}. ► The anti-site defect does justify the diffraction patterns changes with temperature. ► The Pmnb polymorph is stable in the investigated temperaturerange.

  18. LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F and LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F. Nitridosilicate fluorides with a BCT-zeolite-type network structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Horky, Katrin; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Solid-State, Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich (Germany)

    2017-02-17

    LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F and LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F were synthesized from Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, LiNH{sub 2}, CaH{sub 2}/SrH{sub 2}, and LiF through a metathesis reaction in a radiofrequency furnace. The crystal structures of both compounds were solved and refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F: P2{sub 1}/c (no. 14), a = 10.5108(3), b = 9.0217(3), c = 10.3574(3) Aa, β = 117.0152(10) , R{sub 1} = 0.0422, wR{sub 2} = 0.0724, Z = 4; LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F: P4nc (no. 104), a = 9.3118(4), b = 9.3118(4), c = 5.5216(2) Aa, R{sub 1} = 0.0160, wR{sub 2} = 0.0388, Z = 2]. The silicate substructure of both compounds is built up of vertex-sharing SiN{sub 4} tetrahedra, thereby forming a structure analogous to the BCT zeolite with Ca{sup 2+}/Sr{sup 2+}, Li{sup +}, and F{sup -} ions filling the voids. The crystal structure of LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F is homeotypic with that of Li{sub 2}Sr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}O as it exhibits the same zeolite-type [SiN{sub 2}]{sup 2-} framework, but incorporates LiF instead of Li{sub 2}O. In contrast to the respective Sr compound, LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F shows a distortion of the BCT-zeolite-type network as well as an additional site for F. Both F sites in LiCa{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F exhibit different coordination spheres to LiSr{sub 4}Si{sub 4}N{sub 8}F. The title compounds are the first reported lithium alkaline-earth nitridosilicates containing fluorine. The crystal structures were confirmed by lattice-energy calculations (MAPLE), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements, and powder X-ray diffraction. IR spectra confirmed the absence of N-H bonds. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  19. Electrochemical performance of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 nano-particle coated cathode material LiFePO4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Hong; Yang, Chi; Liu, Shu-Xin

    2014-09-01

    Cathode material, LiFePO4 was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 nano-particles for improving its performance for lithium ion batteries. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy and AES. The performance of the battery with the modified cathode material, including cycling stability, C-rate discharge was examined. The results show that the battery composed of the coated cathode materials can discharge at a large current density and show stable cycling performance in the range from 2.5 to 4.0 V. The rate of Li ion diffusion increases in the battery with the La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiFePO4 as a cathode and the coating layer may acts as a faster ion conductor (La(2/3-x)Li(3x)TiO3).

  20. Thermoluminescence properties of Li2B4O7:Cu, B phosphor synthesized using solution combustion technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ozdemir, A.; Altunal, V.; Kurt, K.; Depci, T.; Yu, Y.; Lawrence, Y.; Nur, N.; Guckan, V.; Yegingil, Z.

    2017-12-01

    To determine the effects of various concentrations of the activators copper (Cu) and boron (B) on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of lithium tetraborate, the phosphor was first synthesized and doped with five different concentrations of copper (0.1-0.005 wt%) using solution combustion method. 0.01 wt% Cu was the concentration which showed the most significant increase in the sensitivity of the phosphor. The second sort of Li2B4O7:Cu material was prepared by adding B (0.001-0.03 wt%) to it. The newly developed copper-boron activated lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7:Cu, B) material with 0.01 wt% Cu and 0.001 wt% B impurity concentrations was shown to have promise as a TL phosphor. The material formation was examined using powder x-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of the synthesized polycrystalline powder sample was also recorded. The TL glow curves were analyzed to determine various dosimetric characteristics of the synthesized luminophosphors. The dose response increased in a ;linear; way with the beta-ray exposure between 0.1-20 Gy, a dose range being interested in medical dosimetry. The response with changing photon and electron energy was studied. The rate of decay of the TL signal was investigated both for dark storage and under direct sunlight. Li2B4O7:Cu, B showed no individual variation of response in 9 recycling measurements. The fluorescence spectrum was determined. The kinetic parameters were estimated by different methods and the results discussed. The studied properties of synthesized Li2B4O7:Cu, B were found all favorable for dosimetric purposes.

  1. Magnetic SiO2/Fe3O4 colloidal crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, C-K; Hou, C-H; Chen, C-C; Tsai, Y-L; Chang, L-M; Wei, H-S; Hsieh, K-H; Chan, C-H

    2008-01-01

    We proposed a novel technique to fabricate colloidal crystals by using monodisperse SiO 2 coated magnetic Fe 3 O 4 (SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 ) microspheres. The magnetic SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 microspheres with a diameter of 700 nm were synthesized in the basic condition with ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, tartaric acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the reaction system. Monodisperse SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 superparamagnetic microspheres have been successfully used to fabricate colloidal crystals under the existing magnetic field

  2. Solvothermal synthesis of Mg-doped Li2FeSiO4/C nanocomposite cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Ajay; Jayakumar, O. D.; Naik, V. M.; Nazri, G. A.; Naik, R.

    Lithium transition metal orthosilicates, such as Li2FeSiO4 and Li2MnSiO4, as cathode material have attracted much attention lately due to their high theoretical capacity ( 330 mAh/g), low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, they suffer from poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium ion diffusion in the solid phase. Several cation-doped orthosilicates have been studied to improve their electrochemical performance. We have synthesized partially Mg-substituted Li2Mgx Fe1-x SiO4-C, (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04) nano-composites by solvothermal method followed by annealing at 600oC in argon flow. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The surface area and pore size distribution were measured by using N2 adsorption/desorption curves. The electrochemical performance of the Li2MgxFe1-x SiO4-C composites was evaluated by Galvanostatic cycling against metallic lithium anode, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Li2Mg0.01Fe0.99SiO4-C sample shows a capacity of 278 mAh/g (at C/30 rate in the 1.5-4.6 V voltage window) with an excellent rate capability and stability, compared to the other samples. We attribute this observation to its higher surface area, enhanced electronic conductivity and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient.

  3. Crystallization and thermo-mechanical properties of Li2O-ZnO-CaOSiO2 glass-ceramics with In2O3 and Fe2O3 additives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saad M. Salman

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Li2O-ZnO-CaO-SiO2 based glasses were prepared by the conventional melting technique and subsequently converted to glass-ceramics by controlled crystallization. The nucleation and crystallization temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA. The effects of adding In2O3 and Fe2O3 addition on the crystallization behaviour and thermo-mechanical properties of the prepared glass-ceramics were investigated. A study on the microstructure, close to the internal phases of the resulting glass-ceramics, was followed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM. The dilatometric thermal expansion and Vickers’ microhardness of the crystalline products were also evaluated. The crystalline phases that can be found in the resulting glass-ceramics, identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis, are α-quartz-[SiO2], lithium zinc silicate-[Li2ZnSiO4], lithium disilicate-[Li2Si2O5], wollastonite-[CaSiO3], wollastonite containing iron, ferrobustamite-[(Ca0.79Fe0.21SiO3], and lithium indium silicate of pyroxene type-[LiInSi2O6]. Average thermal expansion coefficient (in the temperature range 25–700 °C decreased from 191×10-7 1/°C to 115×10-7 1/°C and the Vickers’ microhardness increased from 3.56 to 5.44 GPa with the increase of In2O3 and Fe2O3 contents in the glass-ceramics. The changes in the obtained expansion coefficient and microhardness were due to the formation of different phases which in turn influenced the rigidity/bonding and microstructure in the resultant glass-ceramics.

  4. Magnetotransport of CaCu3Mn4O12 complex perovskite derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanchez-Benitez, J.; Andres, A. de; Garcia-Hernandez, M.; Alonso, J.A.; Martinez-Lope, M.J.

    2006-01-01

    Neutron powder diffraction, magnetic and magnetotransport studies were carried out on new derivatives of the CaCu 3 Mn 4 O 12 (A'A 3 B 4 O 12 ) complex perovskite. The samples were prepared in polycrystalline form under moderate pressure conditions. Substitutions at A and A' sites of CaCu 3 Mn 4 O 12 , with only Mn 4+ and insulating behavior, imply electron doping that affects the magnetic and transport properties. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy showed that Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ valence mixing occurs only at B site, progressively filling the e g band and providing the metallic character in these compounds, as we observe in most of these samples. A semiconducting behavior is observed in samples with 50% Mn 3+ at B site. This can be understood by the opening of a gap in the conduction band corresponding to the half filling of the e g states. This is the case of the tetravalent rare earth doped samples (Ce and Th at A' site) and of the appropriate A site doped Ca(CuMn 2 )Mn 4 O 12 sample. At the strongly distorted A positions, Mn 3+ , with localized e g electrons, act as magnetic impurities at very low temperatures (<40 K) giving rise to the observed upturn in the resistivity. The magnetic origin of this scattering is evidenced by its drastic reduction under a magnetic field

  5. Cu4Pr6(MoO4)11-Pr2(MoO4)3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arzumanyan, G.A.

    1982-01-01

    Existence boundaries and Dalton compositions (CuPr(MoO 4 ) 2 , CuPr 3 (MoO 4 ) 5 ) of solid solutions that in the mojority are of shcheelite dsitored structure have been determined in the Cu 4 Pr 6 (MoO 4 ) 11 -Pr 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system. It has been revealed that regions of homogeneity near the CuPr(MoO 4 ) 2 composition have a horseshoeshaped profile

  6. Reduction Mechanisms of Cu2+-Doped Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glasses during Heating in H2 Gas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nogami, Masayuki; Quang, Vu Xuan; Ohki, Shinobu; Deguchi, Kenzo; Shimizu, Tadashi

    2018-01-25

    Controlling valence state of metal ions that are doped in materials has been widely applied for turning optical properties. Even though hydrogen has been proven effective to reduce metal ions because of its strong reducing capability, few comprehensive studies focus on practical applications because of the low diffusion rate of hydrogen in solids and the limited reaction near sample surfaces. Here, we investigated the reactions of hydrogen with Cu 2+ -doped Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass and found that a completely different reduction from results reported so far occurs, which is dominated by the Al/Na concentration ratio. For Al/Na glass body. For Al/Na > 1, on the other hand, the reduction of Cu 2+ ions occurred simultaneously with the formation of OH bonds, whereas the reduced Cu metal moved outward and formed a metallic film on glass surface. The NMR and Fourier transform infrared results indicated that the Cu 2+ ions were surrounded by Al 3+ ions that formed AlO 4 , distorted AlO 4 , and AlO 5 units. The diffused H 2 gas reacted with the Al-O - ···Cu + units, forming Al-OH and metallic Cu, the latter of which moved freely toward glass surface and in return enhanced H 2 diffusion.

  7. The effect of Co-Co3O4 coating on the electrochemical properties of Si as an anode material for Li ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kang, Yong-Mook; Lee, Sang-Min; Sung, Min-Seok; Jeong, Goo-Jin; Kim, Joon-Sup; Kim, Sung-Soo

    2006-01-01

    In order to improve the electrochemical performance of Si as an anode material for Li ion secondary batteries, a biphasic layer composed of Co and Co 3 O 4 was coated on Si particles by sol-gel method. Compared to Si, Co-Co 3 O 4 coated Si showed the drastic improvement in several electrochemical properties, such as initial coulombic efficiency (55% → 88%), cyclic efficiency and cycle life. The comparison between Co-Co 3 O 4 coated Si and heat-treated Si without the coating let us know that the improvement of electrochemical properties only results from Co-Co 3 O 4 coating layer. Little changed cyclic properties (cyclic efficiency and cycle life) of Co-Co 3 O 4 coated Si even at a higher charge-discharge rate insinuated that Co-Co 3 O 4 coating layer plays a crucial role in maintaining the electronic contacts between particles and conducting parts. When trying to measure a thickness variation of the electrodes each containing Si and Co-Co 3 O 4 coated Si as active materials, it was notified that Co-Co 3 O 4 coating layer can accommodate the volume expansion of Si during Li + insertion, which has its original thickness almost recovered after Li + extraction

  8. Group 1B organometallic chemistry XXIX. Synthetic and structural aspects of polynuclear arylcopperlithium compounds Ar4Cu2Li2 ('arylcuprates') and interaggregate exchange phenomena in Ar4Cu4/Ar4Li4/Ar4Cu2Li2 systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Koten, G. van; Noltes, J.G.

    1979-01-01

    The thermally stable arylmetal-IB-lithium compounds (2-Me{2}NCHZC{6}H{4}){4}M{2}Li{2} (M = Cu, Ag or Au; Z = H or Me) and (2-Me{2}NC{6}H{4}){4}M{2}Li{2} have been prepared by a 21 molar reaction of the aryllithium compounds with the corresponding metal-IB halide (Cu or Ag) or metal-lB halide

  9. Crystallization and magnetic properties of a 10Li{sub 2}O–9MnO{sub 2}–16Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–25CaO–5P{sub 2}O{sub 5}–35SiO{sub 2} glass

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Moo-Chin, E-mail: mcwang@kmu.edu.tw [Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan (China); Cheng, Huy-Zu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, 1 123456789Hsueh-Cheng Road, Section 1, Ta-Hsu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan (China); Lin, Huey-Jiuan [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, 1 Lien-Da Road, Kung-Ching Li, Miao-Li 36003, Taiwan (China); Wang, Chien-Fu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, 1 123456789Hsueh-Cheng Road, Section 1, Ta-Hsu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan (China); Hsi, Chi-Shiung, E-mail: chsi@nuu.edu.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, 1 Lien-Da Road, Kung-Ching Li, Miao-Li 36003, Taiwan (China)

    2013-06-15

    The crystallization behavior and magnetic properties of 10Li{sub 2}O–9MnO{sub 2}–16Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}–25CaO–5P{sub 2}O{sub 5}–35SiO{sub 2} (10LFS) glass have been studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to observe the crystallization behavior and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) for measurements of the magnetic properties. The DTA shows that the 10LFS glass has one broad exothermic peak at approximately 674 °C and one sharp (the highest) exothermic peak at 764 °C. When the 10LFS glass crystallized at 850 °C for 4 h, the crystalline phases identified by XRD were lithium silicate (Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}), β-wollastonite (β-CaSiO{sub 3}), lithium orthophosphate (Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}), magnetite (FeFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) and triphylite (Li(Mn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 0.5})PO{sub 4}). The SEM surface analysis revealed that the β-wollastonite and lithium silicate have a lath morphology. The TEM microstructure examination showed that the largest FeFe{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles have a size of approximately 0.3 μm. When the 10LFS glass was heat treated at 850 °C for 16 h and a magnetic field of 1000 Oe was applied, a very small remnant magnetic induction of 0.01 emu g{sup −1} and a coercive force of 50 Oe were obtained, which revealed an inverse spinel structure. - Highlights: ► The phases formed at 850 °C in the 10LFS glass-ceramics are LiSiO{sub 3}, β-CaSiO{sub 3}, Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, FeFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Li(Mn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 0.5})PO{sub 4}. ► The β-wollastonite and lithium silicate have a lath morphology. ► When 10LFS glass-ceramics applied magnetic field showing the ferromagnetic behavior of an inverse spinel structure.

  10. NMR study of the paramagnetic state of low-dimensional magnets LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} and NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sadykov, A. F., E-mail: sadykov@imp.uran.ru; Piskunov, Yu. V.; Gerashchenko, A. P.; Ogloblichev, V. V.; Smol’nikov, A. G.; Verkhovskii, S. V.; Arapova, I. Yu.; Volkova, Z. N.; Mikhalev, K. N. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch (Russian Federation); Bush, A. A. [Moscow State Technical University of Radio Engineering, Electronics, and Automation (Russian Federation)

    2017-02-15

    A comprehensive NMR study of the magnetic properties of single crystal LiCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} (LCO) and NaCu{sub 2}O{sub 2} (NCO) is carried out in the paramagnetic region of the compounds for various orientations of single crystals in an external magnetic field. The values of the electric-field gradient (EFG) tensor, as well as the dipole and transferred hyperfine magnetic fields for {sup 63,65}Cu, {sup 7}Li, and {sup 23}Na nuclei are determined. The results are compared with the data obtained in previous NMR studies of the magnetically ordered state of LCO/NCO cuprates.

  11. Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 produzidas pelo processo gelcasting Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2 -Al2O3 glass-ceramic foams produced by the gelcasting process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. de Sousa

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15. As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com poros aproximadamente esféricos e interconectados. Tais características tornam esses materiais atraentes para as seguintes aplicações tecnológicas: filtros para metais fundidos e gases quentes e, suportes catalíticos.Vitreous foams in the Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA system were produced by the gelcasting process with aeration of ceramic suspensions and without atmospheric control. By the addition of different concentrations of foaming agent (Fongraminox it was possible to attain glass-ceramic foams in a narrow range of relative density (0.10-0.15. The glass-ceramic foams showed compressive strength of 2.5-3.7 MPa, which corresponds to porosity between 85-89%, and macrostructure with pores nearly spherical and interconnected, these characteristics make these materials attractive for the following applications technology: filters of molten metals and hot gas, and catalytic support.

  12. Conventional and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Pr2CuSi3 and Gd2CuSi3 compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Fang; Yuan, Feng-ying; Wang, Jin-zhi; Feng, Tang-fu; Hu, Guo-qi

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Two phase transitions in a narrow temperature range were observed and studied. • Both typical and inverse magnetocaloric effect were observed and discussed. • The inverse magnetocaloric effect was attributed to the spin-glass behavior. - Abstract: Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Pr 2 CuSi 3 and Gd 2 CuSi 3 compounds were investigated systematically. Both Pr 2 CuSi 3 and Gd 2 CuSi 3 compounds experienced two phase transitions in a relatively narrow temperature range: first a paramagnet (PM)–ferromagnet (FM) second-order phase transition at 12 and 26 K and then a FM–spin glass (SG) transition at 6 K and 7.5 K, respectively. The magnetic entropy change (ΔS M ) was calculated based on Maxwell relation using the collected magnetization data. The maximum of ΔS M for Pr 2 CuSi 3 and Gd 2 CuSi 3 compounds was 7.6 and 5 J kg −1 K −1 , respectively, at the applied filed change of 0–5 T. The shape of the temperature dependence of ΔS M (ΔS M –T) curve was obviously different from that of the conventional magnetic materials undergoing only one typical phase transition. In the left half part of ΔS M –T curve, ΔS M is not very sensitive to the applied field and they tend to intersect with the decrease of temperature. Both typical conventional and inverse MCE behavior were observed in Gd 2 CuSi 3 , which would be originated from the two transition features at the low temperatures

  13. Mg doped Li2FeSiO4/C nanocomposites synthesized by the solvothermal method for lithium ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Ajay; Jayakumar, O D; Jagannath; Bashiri, Parisa; Nazri, G A; Naik, Vaman M; Naik, Ratna

    2017-10-14

    A series of porous Li 2 Fe 1-x Mg x SiO 4 /C (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) nanocomposites (LFS/C, 1Mg-LFS/C, 2Mg-LFS and 4Mg-LFS/C) have been synthesized via a solvo-thermal method using the Pluronic P123 polymer as an in situ carbon source. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data of Li 2 Fe 1-x Mg x SiO 4 /C composites confirms the formation of the monoclinic P2 1 structure of Li 2 FeSiO 4 . The addition of Mg facilitates the growth of impurity-free Li 2 FeSiO 4 with increased crystallinity and particle size. Despite having the same percentage of carbon content (∼15 wt%) in all the samples, the 1Mg-LFS/C nanocomposite delivered the highest initial discharge capacity of 278 mA h g -1 (∼84% of the theoretical capacity) at the C/30 rate and also exhibited the best rate capability and cycle stability (94% retention after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 1C). This is attributed to its large surface area with a narrow pore size distribution and a lower charge transfer resistance with enhanced Li-ion diffusion coefficient compared to other nanocomposites.

  14. Emission analysis of Tb3+ -and Sm3+ -ion-doped (Li2 O/Na2 O/K2 O) and (Li2 O + Na2 O/Li2 O + K2 O/K2 O + Na2 O)-modified borosilicate glasses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Naveen Kumar Reddy, B; Sailaja, S; Thyagarajan, K; Jho, Young Dahl; Sudhakar Reddy, B

    2018-05-01

    Four series of borosilicate glasses modified by alkali oxides and doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions were prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition 74.5B 2 O 3 + 10SiO 2 + 5MgO + R + 0.5(Tb 2 O 3 /Sm 2 O 3 ) [where R = 10(Li 2 O /Na 2 O/K 2 O) for series A and C, and R = 5(Li 2 O + Na 2 O/Li 2 O + K 2 O/K 2 O + Na 2 O) for series B and D]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the prepared glasses indicate their amorphous nature. The spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses were studied by optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. A green emission corresponding to the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 (543 nm) transition of the Tb 3+ ions was registered under excitation at 379 nm for series A and B glasses. The emission spectra of the Sm 3+ ions with the series C and D glasses showed strong reddish-orange emission at 600 nm ( 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 ) with an excitation wavelength λ exci = 404 nm ( 6 H 5/24 F 7/2 ). Furthermore, the change in the luminescence intensity with the addition of an alkali oxide and combinations of these alkali oxides to borosilicate glasses doped with Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ ions was studied to optimize the potential alkali-oxide-modified borosilicate glass. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  15. Synthesis of Bi4Si3O12 powders by a sol–gel method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Huidong; Jia Caixia; Jiang Yuanru; Wang Xiaochang

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Bi 4 Si 3 O 12 were synthesized by a sol–gel method, using stoichiometric materials. ► The calcining process of the as-dried gel was studied by different analyses. ► Phase separation in the sol–gel process was found during the calcination. - Abstract: Micro-crystals of bismuth orthosilicate (Bi 4 Si 3 O 12 ) were synthesized by a sol–gel method, using stoichiometric Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 , Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O as the precursors and acetic acid as the solvent. The calcining process of the as-dried gel was studied by total gravity/differential scanning calory (TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectra. Experiments showed that single phase of Bi 4 Si 3 O 12 could be obtained by sol–gel method at a calcining temperature of 900 °C. Phase separation in the sol–gel process was found during the calcination.

  16. Phase equilibria in the system Li2O - MoO3 - Sc2O3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Safonov, V.V.; Chaban, N.G.; Porotnikov, N.V.

    1984-01-01

    Using the methods of DTA and X-ray phase analysis, interaction of components in the system Li 2 O-MoO 3 -Sc 2 O 3 in concentration range, adjacent to the vertex of MoO 3 , has been studied. Projection of the Li 2 MoO 4 -MoO 3 -Sc 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system liquidus on concentrational triangle of the compositions Li 2 O-MoO 3 -Sc 2 O 3 , which consists of the fields of primary separation of Li 2 MoO 4 , Li 2 Mo 5 O 17 , Li 2 Mo 4 O 13 , MoO 3 , Sc 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 , Li 3 Sc(MoO 4 ) 3 and LiSc(MoO 4 ) 2 , is built

  17. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of spinel Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} by a flameless combustion method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hao, Jiabin; Bai, Hongli; Liu, Jintao; Yang, Fangli; Li, Qiling; Su, Changwei [Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources in Ethnic Regions, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Guo, Junming, E-mail: guojunming@tsinghua.org.cn [Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources in Ethnic Regions, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China); Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500 (China)

    2016-05-25

    A (Li, Cu)-co-doped cathode material Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} was prepared by a flameless combustion synthesis at 500 °C for 3 h and then two-stage calcination at 700 °C for 6 h. Physical and electrochemical performances were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling test, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate the influence of Li and Cu substitution on the lithium ion batteries. Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} not only exhibited the initial discharge capacity of 106.9 mAh g{sup −1} with a high retention of 89.2% after 500 cycles at 1.0 C but also retained 63.5% capacity after 1500 cycles at 5.0 C. Besides, a good rate capability at different current densities from 0.5 C to 5.0 C can be acquired. The (Li, Cu)-co-doped sample had excellent cycling stability in comparison with the LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cathode. - Highlights: • A (Li, Cu)-co-doped Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} was synthesized by a flameless combustion method. • The (Li, Cu)-co-doped Li(Li{sub 0.05}Cu{sub 0.05}Mn{sub 1.90})O{sub 4} has higher crystallinity. • Low level of Li and Cu doping exhibits better rate capability and cycling performance.

  18. Reply to Comment on ‘Oxygen vacancy-induced magnetic moment in edge-sharing CuO2 chains of Li2CuO2-δ ’

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shu, G. J.; Tian, J. C.; Lin, C. K.; Hayashi, M.; Liou, S. C.; Chen, W. T.; Wong, Deniz P.; Liou, H. L.; Chou, F. C.

    2018-05-01

    In this reply to the comment on ‘Oxygen vacancy-induced magnetic moment in edge-sharing CuO2 chains of {{{Li}}}2{{{CuO}}}2-δ ’ (2017 New Journal of Physics 19 023206), we have clarified several key questions and conflicting results regarding the size of the intra-chain nearest neighbor coupling J 1 and the sign of the Weiss temperature Θ defined in the Curie–Weiss law of χ(T) = χ ◦ + C/(T ‑ Θ). Additional data analysis is conducted to verify the validity of the Curie–Weiss law fitting protocol, including the negative sign and size of Θ based on the high-temperature linear temperature dependence of 1/χ(T) for T > J 1 and \\tfrac{g{μ }B{SH}}{{k}BT}\\ll 1. The consistency between the magnetic antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state below T N and the negative sign of Θ in the high-temperature paramagnetic (PM) state is explained via the reduction of thermal fluctuation for a temperature-independent local field due to magnetic interaction of quantum nature. A magnetic dipole–dipole (MDD)-type interaction among FM chains is identified and proposed to be necessary for the 3D AF magnetic ground state formation, i.e., the Heisenberg model of an exchange-type interaction alone is not sufficient to fully describe the quasi-1D spin chain system of {{{Li}}}2{{{CuO}}}2. Several typical quasi-1D spin chain compounds, including {{{Li}}}2{{{CuO}}}2,{{{CuAs}}}2{{{O}}}4,{{{Sr}}}3{{{Fe}}}2{{{O}}}5, and CuGeO3, are compared to show why different magnetic ground states are achieved from the chemical bond perspective.

  19. Structural Transformations in High-Capacity Li 2 Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 Cathodes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ruther, Rose; Pandian, Amaresh S.; Yan, Pengfei; Weker, Johanna N.; Wang, Chongmin; Nanda, Jagjit

    2017-03-21

    Cathode materials that can cycle > 1 Li+ per transition metal are of substantial interest to increase the overall energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 has a very high theoretical capacity of ~ 500 mAh/g assuming both Li+ are cycled reversibly. The Cu2+/3+ and Ni2+/3+/4+ redox couples are also at high voltage, which could further boost the energy density of this system. Despite such promise, Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 undergoes irreversible phase changes during charge (delithiation) that result in large first-cycle irreversible loss and poor long-term cycling stability. Oxygen is evolved before the Cu2+/3+ or Ni3+/4+ transitions are accessed. In this contribution, XRD, TEM, and TXM-XANES are used to follow the chemical and structural changes that occur in Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 during electrochemical cycling. Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 is a solid solution of orthorhombic Li2CuO2 and Li2NiO2, but the structural changes more closely mimic the Li2NiO2 endmember. Li2Cu0.5Ni0.5O2 loses long-range order during charge, but TEM analysis provides clear evidence for particle exfoliation and the transformation from orthorhombic to a partially layered structure. Linear combination fitting and principal component analysis of TXM-XANES are used to map the different phases that emerge during cycling ex situ and in situ. Significant changes in the XANES at the Cu and Ni K-edges correlate with the onset of oxygen evolution.

  20. Characterization of quasi-one-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets Sr2Cu(PO4)2 and Ba2Cu(PO4)2 with magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and thermal analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belik, A.A.; Azuma, M.; Takano, M.

    2004-01-01

    Properties of Sr 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 and Ba 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 having [Cu(PO 4 ) 2 ] ∞ linear chains in their structures with Cu-O-P-O-Cu linkages were studied by magnetic susceptibility (T=2-400 K, H=100 Oe) and specific heat measurements (T=0.45-21 K). Magnetic susceptibility versus temperature curves, χ(T), showed broad maxima at T M =92 K for Sr 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 and T M =82 K for Ba 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 characteristic of quasi-one-dimensional systems. The χ(T) data were excellently fitted by the spin susceptibility curve for the uniform S=1/2 chain (plus temperature-independent and Curie-Weiss terms) with g=2.153(4) and J/k B =143.6(2) K for Sr 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 and g=2.073(4) and J/k B =132.16(9) K for Ba 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 (Hamiltonian H=JΣS i S i+1 ). The similar J/k B values were obtained from the specific heat data. No anomaly was observed on the specific heat from 0.45 to 21 K for both compounds indicating that the temperatures of long-range magnetic ordering, T N , were below 0.45 K. Sr 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 and Ba 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 are an excellent physical realization of the S=1/2 linear chain Heisenberg antiferromagnet with k B T N /J 2 CuO 3 (k B T N /J∼0.25%) and γ-LiV 2 O 5 (k B T N /J 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 and Ba 2 Cu(PO 4 ) 2 were stable in air up to 1280 and 1150 K, respectively

  1. Structural characterization of Li1.2v3o8 insertion electrodes by single-crystal x-ray-diffraction

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    De Picciotto, LA

    1993-08-01

    Full Text Available The crystal structures of Li1.2V3O8 and a lithiated product Li4.0V3O8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The structure refinement of Li1.2V308 confirms that of Li1+xV3O8(x almost-equal-to 0) reported by Wadsley thirty...

  2. Improved dielectric properties and grain boundary response in neodymium-doped Y_2_/_3Cu_3Ti_4O_1_2 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liang, Pengfei; Yang, Zupei; Chao, Xiaolian

    2016-01-01

    Rare earth element neodymium was adopted to refine grain and in turn increase the volume of grain boundary of Y_2_/_3Cu_3Ti_4O_1_2 ceramics, which could strongly increase the resistance of grain boundary. Proper amount of Nd substitution in Y_2_/_3_−_xNd_xCu_3Ti_4O_1_2 ceramics could significantly depress the low-frequency dielectric loss. When the doping level is 0.06 and 0.09, the samples exhibited a relatively low dielectric loss (below 0.050 between 0.3 and 50 kHz) and high dielectric constant above 11000 over a wide frequency range from 40 Hz to 100 kHz. Based on the ε′-T plots, dielectric relaxation intensity was substantially weakened by Nd doping so that the temperature stability of dielectric constant was improved obviously. The correlations between low-frequency dielectric loss and the resistance of grain boundary were revealed. After Nd doping, the activation energies for the conduction behavior in grain boundaries were significantly enhanced, and the activation energies for the dielectric relaxation process in grain boundaries were slightly influenced. - Highlights: • Significant decrease in dielectric loss of Y_2_/_3_−_xNd_xCu_3Ti_4O_1_2 ceramics was realized. • The enhanced grain boundary density is responsible for the lowered dielectric loss. • Nd doping could improve the temperature stability of dielectric constant. • Oxygen vacancies contribute to conduction and relaxation process of grain boundaries.

  3. Calcium cation enhanced cathode/electrolyte interface property of Li2FeSiO4/C cathode for lithium-ion batteries with long-cycling life

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qu, Long; Li, Mingtao; Tian, Xiaolu; Liu, Pei; Yi, Yikun; Yang, Bolun

    2018-03-01

    Currently, the cycle performance at low rate is one of the most critical factor for realizing practical applications of Li2FeSiO4/C as a cathode of the lithium-ion batteries. To meet this challenge, calcium (Ca)-doped Li2FeSiO4/C is prepared by using the sol-gel method with soluble Li, Fe, Si and Ca sources. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are carried out to determine the crystal structures, morphologies, particle sizes and chemical valence states of the resulting products. Rietveld refinement confirms that Ca-doped Li2FeSiO4 has a monoclinic P21/n structure and that a Ca cation occupies the Fe site in the Li2FeSiO4 lattice. The grain size of Ca-doped Li2FeSiO4 is approximately 20 nm and the nanoparticles are interconnected tightly with amorphous carbon layer. As a cathode material for the lithium-ion batteries, Li2Fe0.97Ca0.03SiO4/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 186 mAh g-1 at a 0.5 C rate. Its capacity retention after the 100th cycle reaches 87%, which increases by 25 percentage points compared with Li2FeSiO4/C. The Li2Fe0.97Ca0.03SiO4/C cathode exhibits good rate performance, with corresponding discharge capacities of 170, 157, 144 and 117 mAh g-1 at 1 C, 2 C, 5 C and 10 C rates, respectively. In summary, the improvement of the electrochemical performance can be attributed to a coefficient of the strengthened crystal structure stability during Li+ deintercalation-intercalation and restrained side reactions between electrode and electrolyte.

  4. Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 produzidas pelo processo gelcasting Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2 -Al2O3 glass-ceramic foams produced by the gelcasting process

    OpenAIRE

    E. de Sousa; C. R. Rambo; F. S. Ortega; A. P. N. de Oliveira; V. C. Pandolfelli

    2009-01-01

    Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA) foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox) foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15). As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com por...

  5. Influence of the cation substitution on the magnetic properties of LiCo2O4 and Li(Me,Co2O4 spinels

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gautier, J. L.

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available Lithium-based cells LiCo2O4 have been characterized by magnetic techniques, looking at the influence of the partial substitution of cobalt by 3d or 4d transition metal elements (Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo. The non-substituted compound LiCo2O4 behaves as an antiferromagnet, with a Néel temperature TN of 30 K, although antiferromagnetic interactions are much more important, as suggested by a Weiss parameter Θ of the order of ‑225 K. In the solid solution Li(NixCo2‑xO4 the Weiss parameter Θ changes with x(Ni, reaching large positive values (e.g., Θ ~ +230 K, for x = 0.5. This phenomenon suggests the existence of a canted‑antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic structures with large ferromagnetic components. Substitution of cobalt by other 3d or 4d transition metals in the LiMe0.5Co1.5O4 series shows dramatic effects with respect to the non-substituted LiCo2O4 compound : copper completely suppresses the magnetic order, while iron increases TN to almost room temperature. No modifications are observed when molybdenum substitutes cobalt, while chromium transforms the AF order in a ferromagnetic one, with Tc of about 90 K.Se ha caracterizado por técnicas magnéticas, el efecto de la sustitución parcial de Co por elementos de transición 3d o 4d (Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo en celdas LiCo2O4 a base de litio. El compuesto no sustituído LiCo2O4, se comporta como un antiferromagneto de temperatura de Néel TN de 30 K, aunque existen interacciones antiferromagnéticas mucho más importantes, como lo indica un parámetro de Weiss Θ del orden de -225K. En la solución sólida Li(NixCo2‑xO4, el parámetro de Weiss Θ cambia con x(Ni, alcanzando valores positivos altos (e.g., Θ ~ +230K, para x=0.5. Este fenómeno sugiere la existencia de una estructura antiferromagnética inclinada (“AF-canted” o de una estructura ferrimagnética, donde predominan componentes ferromagnéticas importantes. La sustitución del cobalto por otros elementos de transición 3d o 4d en

  6. Solid-state synthesis of uniform Li2MnSiO4/C/graphene composites and their performance in lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gong, Huaxu; Zhu, Yongchun; Wang, Linlin; Wei, Denghu; Liang, Jianwen; Qian, Yitai

    2014-01-01

    Uniform nanospherical Li2MnSiO4/C/graphene composites have been obtained by polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600) assisted solid-state reaction using spherical SiO2 as precursor, and heat treatment with the mixed carbon sources (glucose, cellulose acetate and graphene oxide). The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show that Li2MnSiO4 nanospheres with size of 50 nm are embedded in the three-dimensional (3D) nest-like carbon network. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the composites exhibit first discharge capacity of 215.3 mAh g-1 under 0.05 C, together with a stable discharge capacity of 175 mAh g-1 after 40 cycles. The 3D carbon network and the carbon layer (amorphous carbon and graphene) are favorable for improving the electrochemical performance.

  7. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mozzati, Maria Cristina; Azzoni, Carlo Bruno; Capsoni, Doretta; Bini, Marcella; Massarotti, Vincenzo

    2003-01-01

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on pure polycrystalline CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 have been performed and are discussed within a crystal-field approach. A symmetric signal centred at g = 2.15 is observed for T>25 K, with no evidence of hyperfine structure. At this temperature an antiferromagnetic transition is observed as confirmed by static magnetization data. Cu defective and 2% doped (V, Cr, Mn, La) samples were also prepared and considered, mainly to understand the nature of the observed paramagnetic centre. Substitutions in the octahedral sites, causing variations of the configuration in CuO 4 -TiO 6 -CuO 4 complexes, change the magnetic and EPR features. To justify the EPR response a strong copper-hole delocalization is suggested

  8. Crystallographic Habit Tuning of Li2MnSiO4 Nanoplates for High-Capacity Lithium Battery Cathodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Zhengping; Feng, Yiming; Zhang, Datong; Ji, Ran; Chen, Libao; Ivey, Douglas G; Wei, Weifeng

    2018-02-21

    Li 2 MnSiO 4 has attracted significant attention as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (330 mA h g -1 with two Li + ions per formula unit), low cost, and environmentally friendly nature. However, its intrinsically poor Li diffusion, low electronic conductivity, and structural instability preclude its use in practical applications. Herein, elongated hexagonal prism-shaped Li 2 MnSiO 4 nanoplates with preferentially exposed {001} and {210} facets have been successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method. Density functional theory calculations and experimental characterization reveal that the formation mechanism involves the decomposition of solid precursors to nanosheets, self-assembly into nanoplates, and Ostwald ripening. Hydroxyl-containing solvents such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol play a crucial role as capping agents in tuning the preferential growth. Li 2 MnSiO 4 @C nanoplates demonstrate a near theoretical discharge capacity of 326.7 mA h g -1 at 0.05 C (1 C = 160 mA h g -1 ), superior rate capability, and good cycling stability. The enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the electrochemically active {001} and {210} exposed facets, which provide short and fast Li + diffusion pathways along the [001] and [100] axes, a conformal carbon nanocoating, and a nanoscaled platelike structure, which offers a large electrode/electrolyte contact interface for Li + extraction/insertion processes.

  9. Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of Li4Ti5O12 pellets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo A. Mosqueda

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available A single dynamic kinetic analysis, describing the surface decomposition of Li4Ti5O12 pellets, has been performed. Samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The analyses were performed between 1000 and 1100°C and different times, perceiving the Li4Ti5O12 decomposition to Li2Ti3O7, with a loss of lithium. As expected, more rapid decomposition behaviour was found at higher temperatures. Finally, the activation energy for this decomposition of Li4Ti5O12 to Li2Ti3O7 was estimated to be equal to 383 kJ/mol.

  10. Bulk solid state rechargeable lithium ion battery fabrication with Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte and Cu0.1V2O5 cathode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin, Ying; McGinn, Paul J.

    2013-01-01

    A simple, low-temperature route was developed to process bulk solid-state Li-ion batteries employing Al-doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 solid electrolyte (thickness: ∼ 0.5 mm; 25 °C conductivity: ∼ 2 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ). A composite Cu 0.1 V 2 O 5 –based slurry was directly painted on Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and dried at 120 °C to prepare the cathode film. The opposite side of the electrolyte was subsequently exposed to molten Li to form the anode. The discharge capacity of the solid state battery was 53 mAh g −1 (calculated based on the weight of active cathode material) at room temperature with 5 μA cm −2 discharging current. Severe capacity decay occurred after the initial discharging. A comparable liquid electrolyte battery was tested at room temperature for comparison and had a much slower decay rate. However, when the operating temperature of the solid state battery was increased to 50 °C, the cell performance significantly improved. At 50 °C, the battery exhibited 176 mAh g −1 initial discharging capacity at 5 μA cm −2 current density and 93 mAh g −1 initial capacity under a 10 μA cm −2 discharging current density. After 20 cycles, the capacity decayed to 68.6 mAh g −1 when cycled at a 10 μA cm −2 current density. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the interface resistance of the battery at different temperatures. The results indicated that both the cathode and anode interface resistance were dramatically reduced at 50 °C. The decrease in interface resistances at elevated temperature is proposed as the main reason for the observed battery performance enhancement

  11. Lithium conductivity in glasses of the Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ross, Sebastian; Welsch, Anna-Maria; Behrens, Harald

    2015-01-07

    To improve the understanding of Li-dynamics in oxide glasses, i.e. the effect of [AlO4](-) tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygens on the potential landscape, electrical conductivity of seven fully polymerized and partly depolymerized lithium aluminosilicate glasses was investigated using impedance spectroscopy (IS). Lithium is the only mobile particle in these materials. Data derived from IS, i.e. activation energies, pre-exponential factors and diffusivities for lithium, are interpreted in light of Raman spectroscopic analyses of local structures in order to identify building units, which are crucial for lithium dynamics and migration. In polymerized glasses (compositional join LiAlSiO4-LiAlSi4O10) the direct current (DC) electrical conductivity continuously increases with increasing lithium content while lithium diffusivity is not affected by the Al/Si ratio in the glasses. Hence, the increase in electrical conductivity can be solely assigned to lithium concentration in the glasses. An excess of Li with respect to Al, i.e. the introduction of non-bridging oxygen into the network, causes a decrease in lithium mobility in the glasses. Activation energies in polymerized glasses (66 to 70 kJ mol(-1)) are significantly lower than those in depolymerized networks (76 to 78 kJ mol(-1)) while pre-exponential factors are nearly constant across all compositions. Comparison of the data with results for lithium silicates from the literature indicates a minimum in lithium diffusivity for glasses containing both aluminium tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygens. The findings allow a prediction of DC conductivity for a large variety of lithium aluminosilicate glass compositions.

  12. Effect of Cu Doping on the Structural and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Li; Ren, Fengzhagn; Feng, Qigao; Xu, Guangri; Li, Xiaobo; Li, Yuanchao; Zhao, Erqing; Ma, Jignjign; Fan, Shumin

    2018-04-01

    The structural and electrochemical performance of Cu-doped, Li[Ni1/3-xCo1/3 Mn1/3Cux]O2 (x = 0-0.1) cathode materials obtained by means of the sol-gel method are discussed; we used critic acid as gels and spent mixed batteries as the raw materials. The effects of the sintering time, sintering temperature, and Cu doping ratio on the phase structure, morphology, and element composition and the behavior in a galvanostatical charge/discharge test have been systemically studied. The results show that the Cu-doped material exhibits better galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling performance. At 0.2 C, its original discharge specific capacity is 180.4 mAh g-1 and its Coulomb efficiency is 90.3%. The Cu-doped material demonstrate an outstanding specific capacity at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, and 2.0 C. In comparison with the original capacities of 178 mAh g-1, 159.5 mAh g-1, and 119.4 mAh g-1, the discharge capacity after 50 cycles is 160.8 mAh g-1, 143.4 mAh g-1, and 90.1 mAh g-1, respectively. This obvious improvement relative to bare Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode materials arises from an enlarged Li layer spacing and a reduced degree of cation mixing. Therefore, Cu-doped cathode materials have obvious advantages in the field of lithium-ion batteries and their applications.

  13. Electrochemically active nanocomposites of Li4Ti5O12 2D nanosheets and SnO2 0D nanocrystals with improved electrode performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Song Yi; Kim, In Young; Lee, Sang-Hyup; Hwang, Seong-Ju

    2012-01-01

    Electrochemically active nanocomposites consisting of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 2D nanosheets and SnO 2 0D nanocrystals are synthesized by the crystal growth of tin dioxide on the surface of 2D nanostructured lithium titanate. According to powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic analyses, the rutile-structured SnO 2 nanocrystals are stabilized on the surface of spinel-structured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 2D nanosheets. The homogeneous hybridization of tin dioxide with lithium titanate is confirmed by elemental mapping analysis. Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure and Sn 3d X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the stabilization of tetravalent titanium ions in the spinel lattice of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and the formation of SnO 2 phase with tetravalent Sn oxidation state. The electrochemical measurements clearly demonstrate the promising functionality of the present nanocomposites as anode for lithium secondary batteries. The Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 –SnO 2 nanocomposites show larger discharge capacity and better cyclability than do the uncomposited Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and SnO 2 phases, indicating the synergistic effect of nanocomposite formation on the electrode performance of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and SnO 2 . The present experimental findings underscore the validity of 2D nanostructured lithium titanate as a useful platform for the stabilization of nanocrystalline electrode materials and also for the improvement of their functionality.

  14. Electronic, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of LiNixCuyMn2-x-yO4 (0 < x < 0.5, 0 < y < 0.5) High-Voltage Spinel Materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Ming-Che; Xu, Bo; Cheng, Ju-Hsiang; Pan, Chun-Jern; Hwang, Bing-Joe; Meng, Ying S.

    2011-01-01

    First principles computation is carried out for investigating the electronic, structural, and electrochemical properties of LiM 1/2 Mn 3/2 O 4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu). The computation results suggest that doping with Co or Cu can potentially lower Li diffusion barrier as compared to Ni doping. Our experimental research has focused on LiNi x Cu y Mn 2-x-y O 4 (0 x Cu y Mn 2-x-6 O 4 (0 0.25 Cu 0.25 Mn 1.50 O 4 , the proposed explanation of the voltage profile by the first principles computation was proven, a second plateau at 4.2 V originates from the oxidation of Cu 2+ to Cu 3+ , and the plateau at 4.95 V may originate from extra electrons provided by oxygen ions. Although the reversible discharge capacity decreases with increasing Cu amount, optimized composition such as LiCu 0.25 Ni 0.25 Mn 1.5 O 4 exhibits high capacities at high rates.

  15. Preliminary study in development of glass-ceramic based on SiO{sub 2}-LiO{sub 2} system, starting of different SiO{sub 2} starting powders; Um estudo preliminar do desenvolvimento de materiais vitroceramicos do sistema SiO{sub 2}-LiO{sub 2} obtidos a partir de diferentes fontes de silica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Daguano, J.K.M.F.; Santos, F.A.; Santos, C.; Marton, L.F.M.; Conte, R.A.; Rodrigues Junior, D. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EEL/USP), Lorena, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia de Lorena. Dept. de Materiais; Melo, F.C.L. [Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial (AMR/CTA/IAE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco. Div. de Materiais

    2009-07-01

    In this work, lithium disilicate glass-ceramics were developed starting of the rice ash- SiO{sub 2} and Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} powders. The results were compared with glass ceramics based on the lithium disilicate obtained by commercial SiO{sub 2} powders. Glass were melted at 1580 deg C, and annealed at 850 deg C. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of the materials, and hardness and fracture toughness were evaluated using Vickers indentation method. Glasses with amorphous structure were obtained in both materials. After annealing, 'rice-ash' samples presented Li{sub 2}SiO{sub 3} and residual SiO{sub 2} as crystalline phases. On the other side, commercial SiO{sub 2}- Samples presented only Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5} as crystalline phases and the better results of hardness and fracture toughness. (author)

  16. An unprecedented extended architecture constructed from a 2-D interpenetrating cationic coordination framework templated by SiW12O404- anion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Xiuli; Lin Hongyan; Bi Yanfeng; Chen Baokuan; Liu Guocheng

    2008-01-01

    A novel inorganic-organic hybrid compound based on polyoxometalates (POMs) and organic ligand formulated as [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ](SiW 12 O 40 )∼6H 2 O (1) [bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane], was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, IR, TG, and cyclic voltammetry. Crystal data for 1: Orthorhombic, Pbcn, a=23.0085(19) A, b=14.6379(12) A, c=23.6226(19) A, V=7956.0(11) A 3 , Z=4, Dc=3.315 g cm -3 , and R(final)=0.0826. X-ray diffraction study reveals that compound 1 was the first interpenetrating network of 2-D metal-organic cationic coordination framework [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ] n 4n+ , in which Keggin-type anions SiW 12 O 40 4- has been used as a non-coordinating anionic template. The electrochemical property of 1-bulk modified carbon paste electrode (1-CPE) has been studied, and the results indicate that 1-CPE has good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of nitrite in 1 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution. - Graphical abstract: Compound [Cu 2 (bpp) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ](SiW 12 O 40 )∼6H 2 O (1) represents the first 2-D interpenetrating cationic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) templated by Keggin-type anions. These MOF layers are stacked together along the crystallographic c axis exactly to construct large cubic-like channels (with dimensions of 12.3x13.6 A) occupied by SiW 12 O 40 4- clusters

  17. Chemical solution deposition of CaCu3Ti4O12 thin film

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    CaCu3Ti4O12; thin film; chemical solution deposition; dielectric properties. 1. Introduction. The CaCu3Ti4O12. (CCTO) compound has recently attracted considerable ... and Kelvin probe force microscopy (Chung et al 2004). Intrinsic .... SEM images of CCTO thin films as a function of sintering temperature. silicon based ...

  18. The solubility and site preference of Fe3+ in Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rettenwander, D.; Geiger, C. A.; Tribus, M.; Tropper, P.; Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G.

    2015-10-01

    A series of Fe3+-bearing Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets was synthesized using solid-state synthesis methods. The synthetic products were characterized compositionally using electron microprobe analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and structurally using X-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A maximum of about 0.25 Fe3+ pfu could be incorporated in Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnet solid solutions. At Fe3+ concentrations lower than about 0.16 pfu, both tetragonal and cubic garnets were obtained in the synthesis experiments. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed only a garnet phase for syntheses with starting materials having intended Fe3+ contents lower than 0.52 Fe3+ pfu. Back-scattered electron images made with an electron microprobe also showed no phase other than garnet for these compositions. The lattice parameter, a0, for all solid-solution garnets is similar with a value of a0≈12.98 Å regardless of the amount of Fe3+. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of poorly- or nano-crystalline FeLaO3 in syntheses with Fe3+ contents greater than 0.16 Fe3+ pfu. The composition of different phase pure Li7-3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets, as determined by electron microprobe (Fe, La, Zr) and ICP-OES (Li) measurements, give Li6.89Fe0.03La3.05Zr2.01O12, Li6.66Fe0.06La3.06Zr2.01O12, Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12, and Li6.19Fe0.19La3.02Zr2.04O12. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of cubic Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12 garnet indicates that most Fe3+ occurs at the special crystallographic 24d position, which is the standard tetrahedrally coordinated site in garnet. Fe3+ in smaller amounts occurs at a general 96h site, which is only present for certain Li-oxide garnets, and in Li6.54Fe0.12La3.01Zr1.98O12 this Fe3+ has a distorted 4-fold coordination.

  19. The application of Cu/SiO2 catalytic system in chemical mechanical planarization based on the stability of SiO2 sol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Yan; Liu Yuling; Wang Aochen; Yang Zhixin; Sun Mingbin; Cheng Chuan; Zhang Yufeng; Zhang Nannan

    2014-01-01

    There is a lot of hydroxyl on the surface of nano SiO 2 sol used as an abrasive in the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process, and the chemical reaction activity of the hydroxyl is very strong due to the nano effect. In addition to providing a mechanical polishing effect, SiO 2 sol is also directly involved in the chemical reaction. The stability of SiO 2 sol was characterized through particle size distribution, zeta potential, viscosity, surface charge and other parameters in order to ensure that the chemical reaction rate in the CMP process, and the surface state of the copper film after CMP was not affected by the SiO 2 sol. Polarization curves and corrosion potential of different concentrations of SiO 2 sol showed that trace SiO 2 sol can effectively weaken the passivation film thickness. In other words, SiO 2 sol accelerated the decomposition rate of passive film. It was confirmed that the SiO 2 sol as reactant had been involved in the CMP process of copper film as reactant by the effect of trace SiO 2 sol on the removal rate of copper film in the CMP process under different conditions. In the CMP process, a small amount of SiO 2 sol can drastically alter the chemical reaction rate of the copper film, therefore, the possibility that Cu/SiO 2 as a catalytic system catalytically accelerated the chemical reaction in the CMP process was proposed. According to the van't Hoff isotherm formula and the characteristics of a catalyst which only changes the chemical reaction rate with out changing the total reaction standard Gibbs free energy, factors affecting the Cu/SiO 2 catalytic reaction were derived from the decomposition rate of Cu (OH) 2 and the pH value of the system, and then it was concluded that the CuSiO 3 as intermediates of Cu/SiO 2 catalytic reaction accelerated the chemical reaction rate in the CMP process. It was confirmed that the Cu/SiO 2 catalytic system generated the intermediate of the catalytic reaction (CuSiO 3 ) in the CMP process

  20. Green luminescence from Cu-diffused LiGaO2 crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holston, M.S.; Ferguson, I.P.; Giles, N.C.; McClory, J.W.; Winarski, D.J.; Ji, Jianfeng; Selim, F.A.; Halliburton, L.E.

    2016-01-01

    An intense green luminescence is observed from single crystals of LiGaO 2 doped with copper. Czochralski-grown undoped crystals are wrapped in thin copper foil and then held at 900 °C for 1 h in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. Large concentrations of Cu + ions enter the crystals during this process and occupy Li + sites. These copper-diffused crystals are characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). An optical absorption band peaking near 350 nm is assigned to the Cu + ions at Li + sites and represents an excitation from a 3d 10 ground state to a 3d 9 4s 1 excited state. A broad PL emission from these excited Cu + ions has a peak near 523 nm and the related PLE band has a peak near 356 nm (this PLE band links the emission to the optical absorption band). Illuminating a Cu-diffused crystal at room temperature with 325 nm laser light converts a portion of the Cu + ions to Cu 2+ ions. EPR spectra from these 3d 9 ions are easily seen at low temperatures and their angular dependence is used to determine the g matrix and the 63 Cu hyperfine matrix. Subsequent heating produces a TL peak near 122 °C with a maximum in its spectral dependence near 535 nm. Correlated EPR measurements show that this TL peak occurs when trapped electrons are thermally released from unintentionally present transition-metal ions (most likely Fe) and recombine with holes at the Cu 2+ ions.

  1. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as superior electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries: Ionic liquid assisted synthesis and the effect of CuO coating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Xueliang; Guo, Wei; Liu, Yunfu; He, Wenxiang; Xiao, Zhenghui

    2014-01-01

    The LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with different morphologies have been successfully prepared through co-precipitation route in mixed solution containing 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C 12 mim]Br) and H 2 O with different mass ratios and followed by a solid reaction at high temperature. The morphology of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 varies with the increasing ratio of [C 12 mim]Br. These samples synthesized at three kinds of concentrations present flake-like morphology, agglomerated flake-like structure and polygon particles with size about 700 nm, respectively. The as-prepared LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with polygon structure presents the highest discharge capacity. The optimal LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 sample was modified with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% CuO, respectively. The electrochemical testing results demonstrate 3 wt.% CuO-modified material had the capacity retention of higher than 95% after 100 cycles, and high capacity of 98.7 mAh g −1 at 10 C rate, in comparison with the capacity retention of 83% and capacity of 63.6 mAh g −1 for the pristine one. The remarkably improved rate performance and cycling stability can be attributed to CuO coating, which acts as an effective lithium-ion conductor and a protective material against corrosion from electrolyte

  2. Microwave dielectric properties of CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahman, Mohd Fariz Ab; Abu, Mohamad Johari; Zaman, Rosyaini Afindi; Ahmad, Zainal Arifin [School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia); Karim, Saniah Ab; Mohamed, Julie Juliewatty, E-mail: juliewatty.m@umk.edu.my [Advance Materials Research Cluster, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan (Malaysia); Ain, Mohd Fadzil [School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia)

    2016-07-19

    (1-x)CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} + (x)Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite (0 ≤ x ≤0.25) was prepared via conventional solid-state reaction method. The fabrication of sample was started with synthesizing stoichiometric CCTO from CaCO{sub 3}, CuO and TiO{sub 2} powders, then wet-mixed in deionized water for 24 h. The process was continued with calcined CCTO powder at 900 °C for 12 h before sintered at 1040 °C for 10 h. Next, the calcined CCTO powder with different amount of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were mixed for 24 h, then palletized and sintered at 1040 °C for 10. X-ray diffraction analysis on the sintered samples showed that CCTO powder was in a single phase, meanwhile the trace of secondary peaks which belong to CaAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Corundum (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) could be observed in the other samples Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the grain size of the sample is firstly increased with addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (x = 0.01), then become smaller with the x > 0.01. Microwave dielectric properties showed that the addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (x = 0.01) was remarkably reduced the dielectric loss while slightly increased the dielectric permittivity. However, further addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was reduced both dielectric loss and permittivity at least for an order of magnitude.

  3. Crystallization and electrical resistivity of Cu2O and CuO obtained by thermal oxidation of Cu thin films on SiO2/Si substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Los Santos Valladares, L.; Salinas, D. Hurtado; Dominguez, A. Bustamante; Najarro, D. Acosta; Khondaker, S.I.; Mitrelias, T.; Barnes, C.H.W.; Aguiar, J. Albino; Majima, Y.

    2012-01-01

    In this work, we study the crystallization and electrical resistivity of the formed oxides in a Cu/SiO 2 /Si thin film after thermal oxidation by ex-situ annealing at different temperatures up to 1000 °C. Upon increasing the annealing temperature, from the X ray diffractogram the phase evolution CuCu + Cu 2 OCu 2 OCu 2 O + CuOCuO was detected. Pure Cu 2 O films are obtained at 200 °C, whereas uniform CuO films without structural surface defects such as terraces, kinks, porosity or cracks are obtained in the temperature range 300–550 °C. In both oxides, crystallization improves with annealing temperature. A resistivity phase diagram, which is obtained from the current–voltage response, is presented here. The resistivity was expected to increase linearly as a function of the annealing temperature due to evolution of oxides. However, anomalous decreases are observed at different temperatures ranges, this may be related to the improvement of the crystallization and crystallite size when the temperature increases. - Highlights: ► The crystallization and electrical resistivity of oxides in a Cu films are studied. ► In annealing Cu films, the phase evolution Cu + Cu 2 OCu 2 OCu 2 O + CuOCuO occurs. ► A resistivity phase diagram, obtained from the current–voltage response, is presented. ► Some decreases in the resistivity may be related to the crystallization.

  4. Effect of surface water on tritium release behavior from Li4SiO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hanada, T.; Fukada, S.; Nishikawa, M.; Suematsu, K.; Yamashita, N.; Kanazawa, T.

    2010-01-01

    The tritium release model to represent the release behavior of bred tritium from solid breeder materials has been developed by the blanket group of Kyushu University. It has been found that water is released to the purge gas from solid breeder materials and that this water affects the tritium release behavior. In this study, the amount of surface water released from Li 4 SiO 4 is quantified by the experiment. In addition, the tritium release behavior from Li 4 SiO 4 are estimated based on the tritium release model using parameters obtained in our studies under conditions of commercial reactor operation and ITER test blanket module operation. The effect of the surface water on tritium release behavior is discussed from the obtained results. Moreover, the tritium inventory of Li 4 SiO 4 is discussed based on calculation under the unsteady state condition. Further, the effects of grain size and temperature on distribution of tritium inventory under the steady state condition are evaluated, and the optimal grain size is discussed from the view point of tritium release from Li 4 SiO 4 .

  5. Growth and luminescent properties of Li2B4O7 single crystal doped with Cu

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bui The Huy; Bui Minh Ly; Vu Xuan Quang; Huynh Ky Hanh; Doan Phan Thao Tien; Vinh Hao; Tran Ngoc

    2009-01-01

    The authors have primarily succeeded in the study of the technology for growing single crystal Li 2 B 4 O 7 doped with Cu ions by Bridgman technique. The TL-3D spectra show peaks at around 375 nm (3d 9 4s → 3d 10 radiative excitation transition). This success opened up an opportunity in the radiotherapy to manufacture scintillators for neutron detection. The kinetic parameters of thermal stimulation luminescence were investigated by the three point method.

  6. Facile synthesis of SiO{sub 2}@Cu{sub x}O@TiO{sub 2} heterostructures for catalytic reductions of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitroaniline organic pollutants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zelekew, Osman Ahmed; Kuo, Dong-Hau, E-mail: dhkuo@mail.ntust.edu.tw

    2017-01-30

    Highlights: • The synthesis of SiO{sub 2}@Cu{sub x}O@TiO{sub 2}catalystwasillustrated (*). • The p-n junction between p-type Cu{sub x}O and n-type TiO{sub 2} built electric field. • The electric field results in avoiding the recombination of electron and hole. • The n-type TiO{sub 2} rich in electron outward facilitates the reduction. - Abstract: Herein, we designed the p-type Cu{sub x}O (x = 1 or 2) nanoparticles deposited on SiO{sub 2} spherical particle inside and coated with thin layered n-type TiO{sub 2} semiconductors outside for reduction purpose. The composite material, abbreviated as SiO{sub 2}@Cu{sub x}O@TiO{sub 2}, was characterized. The catalytic performance of the composite was tested for the reductions of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 2-nitroaniline (2-NA). Complete reductions of 4-NP and 2-NA took, 210 and 150 s, respectively. The catalytic efficiency of the composite material may be associated with electron and hole separation resulted from the p-n junction formation between p-type Cu{sub x}O and n-type TiO{sub 2} and the built-in electric field. Moreover, the hydride ion and electrons released from NaBH{sub 4} together with outward electrons from n-type TiO{sub 2}, synergistically, are also responsible for the reduction of nitro aromatic compounds. Our design of composite material from low-priced metal oxides was successful towards reduction of nitro-aromatic compounds.

  7. Effect of CuO addition on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of CaSiO3–Al2O3 ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denghao Li

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available CuO-doped CaSiO3–1 wt% Al2O3 ceramics were synthesized via a traditional solid-state reaction method, and their sintering behavior, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The results showed that appropriate CuO addition could accelerate the sintering process and assist the densification of CaSiO3–1 wt% Al2O3 ceramics, which could effectively lower the densification temperature from 1250 °C to 1050 °C. However, the addition of CuO undermined the microwave dielectric properties. The optimal amount of CuO addition was found to be 0.8 wt%, and the derived CaSiO3–Al2O3 ceramic sintered at 1100 °C presented good microwave dielectric properties of εr=7.27, Q×f=16,850 GHz and τf=−39.53 ppm/°C, which is much better than those of pure CaSiO3 ceramic sintered at 1340 oC (Q×f=13,109 GHz. The chemical compatibility of the above ceramic with 30 Pd/70 Ag during the cofiring process has also been investigated, and the result showed that there was no chemical reaction between palladium–silver alloys and ceramics.

  8. Synthesis and characterization of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} nano-powders by a water-based sol-gel process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu Xiangwei [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China); Wen Zhaoyin, E-mail: zywen@mail.sic.ac.c [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China); Xu Xiaogang; Wang Xiuyan; Lin Jiu [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2009-08-01

    The water-based sol-gel process for the synthesis of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} nano-powders was reported for the first time. LiOH.H{sub 2}O and aerosil SiO{sub 2} were used as the starting materials with citric acid (C{sub 6}H{sub 8}O{sub 7}.H{sub 2}O) as the chelating agent. Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} powders with particle size as small as 100 nm were successfully synthesized at the temperature as low as 675 deg. C. Phase analysis, morphology, sintering behavior of the powders and ionic conductivity of the sintered bodies were investigated systematically. The experimental results showed that the powders obtained by the water-based sol-gel process (SG) possessed excellent sinterability, exhibiting a linear shrinkage of 5.2% while sintered to 900 deg. C, more than 3 times that of the powders obtained by solid state reaction (SSR). The bulk conductivity of the SG sintered bodies was much higher than that of the SSR samples at the same testing temperature.

  9. Synthesis of Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}-coated LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} cathode materials with enhanced high-voltage electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Shengjie; Wu, Hao; Huang, Ling; Xiang, Mingwu; Liu, Heng; Zhang, Yun, E-mail: y_zhang@scu.edu.cn

    2016-07-25

    Ni-rich ternary layered oxides, (LiNi{sub x} [M]{sub 1−x}O{sub 2}, x ≥ 0.5, M = Co and Mn), have become one of the mainstream cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and cost efficiency compared with LiCoO{sub 2}. However, the high-voltage operation of the Ni-rich oxides (>4.3 V) required for high capacity is inevitably accompanied with a rapid capacity decay over numerous cycles. In this work, we reported a surface coating of LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} with Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}via a facile and efficient synthetic approach, which involves the employment of silicic acid (H{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}) as remover to react with the surface residual lithium compounds (e.g. Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and LiOH) of LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} and consequent formation of a robust and complete Li{sup +}-conductive Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5} protective coating layer. The structure and morphology of the coated cathode materials are fully characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with the pristine LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2}, coating with the Li{sup +}-conductive Li{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5} is found to be very effective for improving the rate capability of the LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} when evaluated at a high cut-off voltage up to 4.5 V. Specifically, 1 wt. % H{sub 2}SiO{sub 3}-treated LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} electrode exhibits high discharge specific capacities of 213.9 and 121.6 mAh g{sup −1} at 0.1 and 10 C, respectively, whereas the pristine electrode only shows 196.8 and 92.1 mAh g{sup −1}. Besides, the surface-modified LiNi{sub 0.6}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.2}O{sub 2} electrode also manifests an enhanced long-term cycling stability (67% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 5 C), much better than the pristine

  10. X-ray photo-emission studies of Cu1-xTlxBa2Ca3Cu4O12-y superconductor thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, Nawazish A.; Mumtaz, M.; Ahadian, M.M.; Iraji-zad, Azam

    2006-01-01

    X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy (XPS) studies of Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 12-y superconductor thin films have been carried out for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity and to find out the reasons for the increase of zero resistivity critical temperature T c (R = 0) with post-annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere. It is observed from these studies that reduction of charge state of thallium is a source of doping of carriers to the CuO 2 planes. The reduced charge state of thallium (i.e. Tl 1+ ) promotes lower oxygen concentration in the charge reservoir layer, which possibly results in movement of electrons to the conducting CuO 2 planes. The higher density of electrons in the CuO 2 planes optimizes the hole concentration 'n p ' in these planes. The reduced charge state of thallium in the Cu 1-x Tl x Ba 2 O 4-δ charge reservoir layer is also supported by a shift of the Ba 3d 5/2 and Ba 3d 3/2 XPS lines to lower binding energies with post-annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the movement of the valance band spectrum to lower binding energies suggested that the electronic density of states changes in the valance band with the post-annealing in nitrogen, which possibly becomes a source of doping of carriers to the CuO 2 planes. The increased doping of electrons to the CuO 2 planes optimizes the Fermi-vector K F and Fermi-velocity V F of the carriers and increases the T c (R = 0) of final compound

  11. Structure and crystallization of SiO2 and B2O3 doped lithium disilicate glasses from theory and experiment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Erlebach, Andreas; Thieme, Katrin; Sierka, Marek; Rüssel, Christian

    2017-09-27

    Solid solutions of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 in Li 22SiO 2 are synthesized and characterized for the first time. Their structure and crystallization mechanisms are investigated employing a combination of simulations at the density functional theory level and experiments on the crystallization of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 doped lithium disilicate glasses. The remarkable agreement of calculated and experimentally determined cell parameters reveals the preferential, kinetically controlled incorporation of [SiO 4 ] and [BO 4 ] at the Li + lattice sites of the Li 22SiO 2 crystal structure. While the addition of SiO 2 increases the glass viscosity resulting in lower crystal growth velocities, glasses containing B 2 O 3 show a reduction of both viscosities and crystal growth velocities. These observations could be rationalized by a change of the chemical composition of the glass matrix surrounding the precipitated crystal phase during the course of crystallization, which leads to a deceleration of the attachment of building units required for further crystal growth at the liquid-crystal interface.

  12. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Liu, GQ

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Spinel compound LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 (LNMCO) and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12 were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um...

  13. Spectroscopy features of Pr{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+} ions in Li{sub 2}O-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} glass matrices mixed with some sesquioxides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Srinivasa Rao, Ch. [Department of Physics, Acharya Nagarjuna University - Nuzvid Campus, Nuzvid-521201, A.P. (India); Kityk, I.V., E-mail: iwank74@gmail.com [Electrical Engineering Department, Technical University of Czestochowa, Aleja Armii, Krajowej 17/19, PL-42-201 Czestochowa (Poland); Srikumar, T.; Naga Raju, G.; Ravi Kumar, V.; Gandhi, Y.; Veeraiah, N. [Department of Physics, Acharya Nagarjuna University - Nuzvid Campus, Nuzvid-521201, A.P. (India)

    2011-09-15

    Highlights: > Optical spectra of Pr{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+} ions in Li{sub 2}O-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2}: Pr{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} with sesquioxides (viz., Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) studied. > The highest branching ratios {beta}{sub r} and quantum efficiencies of {sup 3}P{sub 0} {yields} {sup 3}H{sub 4} (Pr{sup 3+}) and {sup 4}S{sub 3/2} {yields} {sup 4}I{sub 15/2} (Er{sup 3+}) emissions have shown principal role of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. > Principal role of disorder around rare earth is established. - Abstract: The glasses of the composition Li{sub 2}O-ZrO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2}: Pr{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixed with three interesting sesquioxides (viz., Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Sc{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) were synthesized. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectra (in the spectral range 350-2100 nm were studied at ambient temperature. The Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to characterize the absorption and luminescence spectra of Pr{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+} ions in these glasses. Following the luminescence spectra, various radiative properties like transition probability A, branching ratio {beta} and the radiative life time {tau} for different emission levels of two rare earth ions have been evaluated. The radiative life times for the upper levels {sup 3}P{sub 0} (Pr{sup 3+}) and {sup 4}S{sub 3/2} (Er{sup 3+}) have also been measured and quantum efficiencies were estimated. The variations observed in these parameters were discussed in the light of changing environment of rare earth ions due to mixing of different sesquioxides in the glass network.

  14. Lithium Superionic Conductor Li{sub 9.42}Si{sub 1.02}P{sub 2.1}S{sub 9.96}O{sub 2.04} with Li{sub 10}GeP{sub 2}S{sub 12}-Type Structure in the Li{sub 2}S–P{sub 2}S{sub 5}–SiO{sub 2} Pseudoternary System: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties, and Structure–Composition Relationships

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hori, Satoshi [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Suzuki, Kota; Hirayama, Masaaki [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Kato, Yuki [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Battery Research Division, Higashifuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, Susono, Shizuoka (Japan); Battery AT, Advanced Technology 1, Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Zaventem (Belgium); Kanno, Ryoji, E-mail: kanno@echem.titech.ac.jp [Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan)

    2016-12-07

    Lithium superionic conductors with the Li{sub 10}GeP{sub 2}S{sub 12} (LGPS)-type structure are promising materials for use as solid electrolytes in the next-generation lithium batteries. A novel member of the LGPS family, Li{sub 9.42}Si{sub 1.02}P{sub 2.1}S{sub 9.96}O{sub 2.04} (LSiPSO), and its solid solutions were synthesized by quenching from 1273 K in the Li{sub 2}S–P{sub 2}S{sub 5}–SiO{sub 2} pseudoternary system. The material exhibited an ionic conductivity as high as 3.2 × 10{sup −4} S cm{sup −1} at 298 K, as well as the high electrochemical stability to lithium metal, which was improved by the introduction of oxygen into the LGPS-type structure. An all-solid-state cell with a lithium metal anode and LSiPSO as the separator showed excellent performance with a high reversibility of 100%. Thus, oxygen doping is an effective way of improving the electrochemical stability of LGPS-type structure.

  15. Glass-ceramic enamels derived from the Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SNEZANA R. GRUJIC

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available The results of research on the conditions for obtaining model glass-ceramic enamels, derived from the basic Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 system, by varying the initial composition and thermal treatment conditions, are presented in this paper. Segregation of the crystal phases in the glassy-matrix was carried out during subsequent thermal treatment. The formation of different crystal phases was evidenced through the results of differential-thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

  16. Rapid charge-discharge property of Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 nanosheet and nanotube composites as anode material for power lithium-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yi, Ting-Feng; Fang, Zi-Kui; Xie, Ying; Zhu, Yan-Rong; Yang, Shuang-Yuan

    2014-11-26

    Well-defined Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 nanosheet and nanotube composites have been synthesized by a solvothermal process. The combination of in situ generated rutile-TiO2 in Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets or nanotubes is favorable for reducing the electrode polarization, and Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 nanocomposites show faster lithium insertion/extraction kinetics than that of pristine Li4Ti5O12 during cycling. Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 electrodes also display lower charge-transfer resistance and higher lithium diffusion coefficients than pristine Li4Ti5O12. Therefore, Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 electrodes display lower charge-transfer resistance and higher lithium diffusion coefficients. This reveals that the in situ TiO2 modification improves the electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity of the electrode in the local environment, resulting in its relatively higher capacity at high charge-discharge rate. Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 nanocomposite with a Li/Ti ratio of 3.8:5 exhibits the lowest charge-transfer resistance and the highest lithium diffusion coefficient among all samples, and it shows a much improved rate capability and specific capacity in comparison with pristine Li4Ti5O12 when charging and discharging at a 10 C rate. The improved high-rate capability, cycling stability, and fast charge-discharge performance of Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 nanocomposites can be ascribed to the improvement of electrochemical reversibility, lithium ion diffusion, and conductivity by in situ TiO2 modification.

  17. Luminescence and excited state dynamics in Bi{sup 3+}-doped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Babin, V. [Institute of Physics AS CR, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague (Czech Republic); Chernenko, K., E-mail: nuclearphys@yandex.ru [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia); Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya 29, 195251 St.Petersburg (Russian Federation); Demchenko, P. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Mihokova, E.; Nikl, M. [Institute of Physics AS CR, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague (Czech Republic); Pashuk, I. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Shalapska, T. [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia); Voloshinovskii, A. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Zazubovich, S. [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia)

    2016-08-15

    Photo- and X-ray-excited luminescence characteristics of Bi-doped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphates with different bismuth contents (from 1 to 25 at% in the melt) are investigated in the 4.2–300 K temperature range and compared with the characteristics of the undoped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphate. The broad 2.95 eV emission band of LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi excited around 5.4 eV is found to arise from the bismuth dopant. Relatively large FWHM and Stokes shift of the emission band and especially the data on the low-temperature decay kinetics of the 2.95 eV emission and its temperature dependence, indicating a very small spin-orbit splitting energy of the corresponding excited state, allow the conclusion that this emission arises from the radiative decay of the triplet state of an exciton localized around a Bi{sup 3+} ion. No spectral bands are observed, arising from the electron transitions between the energy levels of Bi{sup 3+} ions. Phenomenological model is proposed for the description of the excited state dynamics of the Bi{sup 3+}-related localized exciton in LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi and the parameters of the triplet localized exciton state are determined. Keywords: Photoluminescence; Time-resolved spectroscopy; Excited states; Bi{sup 3+} centers; LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi powders.

  18. Hydrothermal synthesis of Li4-xNaxTi5O12 and Li4-xNaxTi5O12/graphene composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhu Jiping

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A potential Lithium-ion battery anode material Li4-xNaxTi5O12 (0≤x≤0.15 has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with short processing time and low temperature. The XRD and FE-SEM results indicate that samples with Na-doped are well-crystallized and have more homogeneous particle distributions with smaller overall particle size in the range of 300-600nm. Electrochemical tests reveal that Na-doped samples exhibit impressive specific capacity and cycle stability compared to pristine Li4Ti5O12 at high rate. The Li3.9Na0.1Ti5O12 electrode deliver an initial specific discharge capacity of 169mAh/g at 0.5C and maintained at 150.4mAh/g even after 40 cycles with the reversible retention of 88.99%. Finally, a simple solvothermal reduction method was used to fabricate Li3.9Na0.1Ti5O12/graphene(Li3.9Na0.1Ti5O12/G composite. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests demonstrate that this sample has remarkable capacities of 197.4mAh/g and 175.5mAh/g at 0.2C and 0.5C rate, respectively. This indicates that the Li3.9Na0.1Ti5O12/G composite is a promising anode material for using in lithium-ion batteries.

  19. Rechargable xLi{sub 2}MnO{sub 3}·(1 − x)Li{sub 4/3}Mn{sub 5/3}O{sub 4} electrode nanocomposite material as a modification product of chemical manganese dioxide by lithium additives

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sokolsky, Georgii V., E-mail: gvsokol@rambler.ru [National University of Food Technologies, Volodymyrska st., 70, 01033 Kyiv (Ukraine); National Aviation University, Cosmonaut Komarov Avenue 1, 04058 Kiev 58 (Ukraine); Ivanov, Sergiy V. [National University of Food Technologies, Volodymyrska st., 70, 01033 Kyiv (Ukraine); Boldyrev, Eudgene I.; Ivanova, Natalya D. [Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Ukrainian National Academy of Science, Palladin Avenue 32-34, 252680 Kiev 142 (Ukraine); Kiporenko, Oksana Ya. [The Ukrainian Physics and Mathematics Lyceum, Akademika Glushkova Avenue 6, 03680, Kyiv (Ukraine)

    2015-12-15

    Highlights: • Li-ion battery cathode preparation procedure included MnO{sub 2} modification by Li-salts with subsequent heat treatment. • Li{sub 4}Mn{sub 5}O{sub 12}, Li{sub 2}MnO{sub 3,} and Li-rich phases form active nanocomposite cathode. • Heat treatment mode is of crucial importance for rechargeability. • Cathode material capacity is 150 mA h g{sup −1} within 2.5–4.5 V. - Abstract: Relatively simple preparation procedure of rechargeable Li-ion battery cathode material via manganese dioxide treatment with Li-containing additive and subsequent calcination has been demonstrated. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and atomic force microscopy study were characterisation methods of modification products. Pyrolusite, Li{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 2}, layered Li{sub 2}MnO{sub 3}, and spinel Li{sub 4}Mn{sub 5}O{sub 12} phases were revealed as products of initial ramsdellite phase transformations at temperatures of heat treatment ranging from 360 °C to 600 °C. Optimal temperature of final heat treatment from the point of view of rechargeability and discharge characteristics was 450 °C. Samples heat-treated at 450 °C are characterized by the unique combination of Li{sub 4/3}Mn{sub 5/3}O{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}MnO{sub 3} phase components due to their structural integration, a significant degree of disordering, and sizes of nanocrystallites with Li diffusion path, which is the most favourable for reversibility. The prepared nanocomposite cathode material delivers a capacity of 150 mA h g{sup −1} within 2.5–4.5 V at 0.1 mA discharge.

  20. Co-hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C nano-hybrid cathode material with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jun; Luo, Shaohua; Chang, Longjiao; Hao, Aimin; Wang, Zhiyuan; Liu, Yanguo; Xu, Qian; Wang, Qing; Zhang, Yahui

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • A co-hydrothermal approach to synthesize LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C composite material in water/PEG system is present. • The Mn_1_-_xMg_xPO_4 precursor is prepared by precipitation reaction. • Co-modified with Mg"2"+ doping and LiAlO_2 compositing strategies play an important role in improving the electronic conductivity and facilitating the diffusion of lithium ion. • LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C composite material exhibits a high specific discharge capacity of 151.8 mAh/g at 0.05C. - Abstract: LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C is synthesized by a co-hydrothermal method in water/PEG system using Li_2CO_3, AAO and Mn_1_-_xMg_xPO_4 as raw material. The electronic structure and micromorphology of multi-component compound LiMn_1_-_xMg_xPO_4/C (x = 0, 1/24, 1/12, 1/6) and nano-hybrid LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C cathode materials are studied by first-principles calculation and experimental research including XRD, SEM, TEM. The calculated band gap of LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4/C is 2.296 eV, which is lower than other percentages Mg"2"+ doping samples. Electrochemical tests exhibit LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4/C has better cycling performance and rate capability than other contents Mg"2"+ doping samples with the discharge capacity of 143.5 mAh/g, 141.5 mAh/g, 139.2 mAh/g and 136.3 mAh/g at 0.05C, 0.1C, 0.5C and 1C in order. After compositing and preparation of LiMn_2_3_/_2_4Mg_1_/_2_4PO_4·LiAlO_2/C composite material by co-hydrothermal route, the initial discharge capacity reaches up to 151.8 mAh/g, which suggests that co-modified with Mg"2"+ doping and LiAlO_2 compositing material can improve the electronic conductivity of LiMnPO_4/C by facilitating the lithium ion diffusion rate in the interior of the materials.

  1. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Liu, GQ

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The spinel compound Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized by a solid state method. In this synthesizing process, anatase TiO2 and Li2CO3 were used as reactants. The influences of reaction temperature and calcination time on the properties of products were...

  2. Molecular dynamics simulations of spinels: LiMn2O4 and Li4Mn5O12 at high temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ledwaba, R S; Matshaba, M G; Ngoepe, P E

    2015-01-01

    Energy storage technologies are critical in addressing the global challenge of clean sustainable energy. Spinel lithium manganates have attracted attention due to their electrochemical properties and also as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The current study focused on the effects of high temperatures on the materials, in order to understand the sustainability in cases where the battery heats up to high temperature and analysis of lithium diffusion aids in terms of intercalation host compatibility. It is also essential to understand the high temperature behaviour and lithium ion host capability of these materials in order to perform the armorphization and recrystalization of spinel nano-architectures. Molecular dynamics simulations carried out to predict high temperature behaviour of the spinel systems. The NVE ensemble was employed, in the range 300 - 3000K. The melting temperature, lithium-ion diffusion and structural behaviour were monitored in both supercell systems. LiMn 2 O 4 indicated a diffusion rate that increased rapidly above 1500K, just before melting (∼1700K) and reached its maximum diffusion at 2.756 × 10 -7 cm 2 s -1 before it decreased. Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 indicated an exponential increase above 700K reaching 8.303 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 at 2000K and allowing lithium intercalation even above its melting point of around 1300K. This indicated better structural stability of Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 and capability to host lithium ions at very high temperatures (up to 3000 K) compared to LiMn 2 O 4 . (paper)

  3. Sol-Gel Synthesis and in Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of Li3Nd3W2O12 as a Lithium Container.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Minghe; Yu, Haoxiang; Cheng, Xing; Ye, Wuquan; Zhu, Haojie; Liu, Tingting; Peng, Na; Shui, Miao; Shu, Jie

    2018-04-18

    In this work, garnet-framework Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 as a novel insertion-type anode material has been prepared via a facile sol-gel method and examined as a lithium container for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 shows a charge capacity of 225 mA h g -1 at 50 mA g -1 , and with the current density increasing up to 500 mA g -1 , the charge capacity can still be maintained at 186 mA h g -1 . After cycling at 500 mA g -1 for 500 cycles, Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 retains about 85% of its first charge capacity changed from 190.2 to 161 mA h g -1 . Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction technique is adopted for the understanding of the insertion/extraction mechanism of Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 . The full-cell configuration LiFePO 4 /Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 is also assembled to evaluate the potential of Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 for practical application. These results show that Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 is such a promising anode material for LIBs with excellent electrochemical performance and stable structure.

  4. Self-assembly and electrical characteristics of 4-pentynoic acid functionalized Fe3O4-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on SiO2/n-Si

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baharuddin, Aainaa Aqilah; Ang, Bee Chin; Wong, Yew Hoong

    2017-11-01

    A novel investigation on a relationship between temperature-influential self-assembly (70-300 °C) of 4-pentynoic acid functionalized Fe3O4-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) on SiO2/n-Si with electrical properties was reported with the interests for metal-oxide-semiconductor applications. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis conveyed that 8 ± 1 nm of the NPs were assembled. Increasing heating temperature induced growth of native oxide (SiO2). Raman analysis confirmed the coexistence of Fe3O4-γ-Fe2O3. Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-IR) spectra showed that self-assembly occurred via Sisbnd Osbnd C linkages. While Sisbnd Osbnd C linkages were broken down at elevated temperatures, formations of Si-OH defects were amplified; a consequence of physisorbed surfactants disintegration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that sample with more physisorbed surfactants exhibited the highest root-mean-square (RMS) roughness (18.12 ± 7.13 nm) whereas sample with lesser physisorbed surfactants displayed otherwise (12.99 ± 4.39 nm RMS roughness). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) analysis showed non-uniform aggregation of the NPs, deposited as film (12.6 μm thickness). The increased saturation magnetization (71.527 A m2/kg) and coercivity (929.942 A/m) acquired by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) of the sample heated at 300 °C verified the surfactants' disintegration. Leakage current density-electric field (J-E) characteristics showed that sample heated at 150 °C with the most aggregated NPs as well as the most developed Sisbnd Osbnd C linkages demonstrated the highest breakdown field and barrier height at 2.58 × 10-3 MV/cm and 0.38 eV respectively. Whereas sample heated at 300 °C with the least Sisbnd Osbnd C linkages as well as lesser aggregated NPs showed the lowest breakdown field and barrier height at 1.08 × 10-3 MV/cm and 0.19 eV respectively. This study opens up better understandings on how formation and breaking down of covalent

  5. CuLi2Sn and Cu2LiSn: Characterization by single crystal XRD and structural discussion towards new anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fürtauer, Siegfried; Effenberger, Herta S; Flandorfer, Hans

    2014-12-01

    The stannides CuLi 2 Sn (CSD-427095) and Cu 2 LiSn (CSD-427096) were synthesized by induction melting of the pure elements and annealing at 400 °C. The phases were reinvestigated by X-ray powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Within both crystal structures the ordered CuSn and Cu 2 Sn lattices form channels which host Cu and Li atoms at partly mixed occupied positions exhibiting extensive vacancies. For CuLi 2 Sn, the space group F-43m. was verified (structure type CuHg 2 Ti; a =6.295(2) Å; wR 2 ( F ²)=0.0355 for 78 unique reflections). The 4( c ) and 4( d ) positions are occupied by Cu atoms and Cu+Li atoms, respectively. For Cu 2 LiSn, the space group P 6 3 / mmc was confirmed (structure type InPt 2 Gd; a =4.3022(15) Å, c =7.618(3) Å; wR 2 ( F ²)=0.060 for 199 unique reflections). The Cu and Li atoms exhibit extensive disorder; they are distributed over the partly occupied positions 2( a ), 2( b ) and 4( e ). Both phases seem to be interesting in terms of application of Cu-Sn alloys as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

  6. Polyetherimide-grafted Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as theranostic agents for simultaneous VEGF siRNA delivery and magnetic resonance cell imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li T

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Tingting Li,1 Xue Shen,1 Yin Chen,1 Chengchen Zhang,1 Jie Yan,1 Hong Yang,1 Chunhui Wu,1,2 Hongjun Zeng,1,2 Yiyao Liu1,21Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, 2Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstract: Engineering a safe and high-efficiency delivery system for efficient RNA interference is critical for successful gene therapy. In this study, we designed a novel nanocarrier system of polyethyleneimine (PEI-modified Fe3O4@SiO2, which allows high efficient loading of VEGF small hairpin (shRNA to form Fe3O4@SiO2/PEI/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites for VEGF gene silencing as well as magnetic resonance (MR imaging. The size, morphology, particle stability, magnetic properties, and gene-binding capacity and protection were determined. Low cytotoxicity and hemolyticity against human red blood cells showed the excellent biocompatibility of the multifunctional nanocomposites, and also no significant coagulation was observed. The nanocomposites maintain their superparamagnetic property at room temperature and no appreciable change in magnetism, even after PEI modification. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of cellular internalization into MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by Prussian blue staining and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis, respectively, demonstrated that the Fe3O4@SiO2/PEI/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites could be easily internalized by MCF-7 cells, and they exhibited significant inhibition of VEGF gene expression. Furthermore, the MR cellular images showed that the superparamagnetic iron oxide core of our Fe3O4@SiO2/PEI/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites could also act as a T2-weighted contrast agent for cancer MR imaging. Our data highlight multifunctional Fe3O4@SiO2/PEI/VEGF shRNA nanocomposites as a potential platform for simultaneous gene delivery and MR cell imaging, which are promising

  7. Hydrothermal synthesis and structural analysis of new mixed oxyanion borates: Ba11B26O44(PO4)2(OH)6, Li9BaB15O27(CO3) and Ba3Si2B6O16

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heyward, Carla; McMillen, Colin D.; Kolis, Joseph

    2013-07-01

    Several new borate compounds, Ba11B26O44(PO4)2(OH)6 (1), Li9BaB15O27(CO3) (2), and Ba3Si2B6O16 (3) were synthesized containing other hetero-oxyanion building blocks in addition to the borate frameworks. They were all prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. Crystal data: For 1; space group P21/c, a=6.8909 (14) Å, b=13.629 (3) Å, c=25.851 (5) Å, β=90.04 (3)°; For 2; space group P-31c, a=8.8599 (13) Å, c=15.148 (3) Å; For 3; space group P-1, a=5.0414 (10) Å, b=7.5602 (15) Å, c=8.5374 (17) Å, α=77.15 (3)°, β=77.84 (3)°, γ=87.41 (3)° for 3. Compounds 1 and 2 contain isolated oxyanions [PO4]3- and [CO3]2- respectively, sitting in channels created by the borate framework, while structure 3 has the [SiO4]4- groups directly bonded to the borate groups creating a B-O-Si framework.

  8. Batagayite, CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4(PO3OH)3·12H2O, a new phosphate mineral from Këster tin deposit (Yakutia, Russia): occurrence and crystal structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yakovenchuk, Victor N.; Pakhomovsky, Yakov A.; Konopleva, Nataliya G.; Panikorovskii, Taras L.; Bazai, Ayya; Mikhailova, Julia A.; Bocharov, Vladimir N.; Ivanyuk, Gregory Yu.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.

    2017-12-01

    Batagayite, CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4(PO3OH)3·12H2O, is a new secondary phosphate mineral from the Këster deposit, Arga-Ynnykh-Khai massif, NE Yakutia, Russia. It is monoclinic, P21, a = 8.4264(4), b = 12.8309(6), c = 14.6928(9) Å, β = 98.514(6)o, V = 1571.05(15) Å3 and Z = 2 (from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data). Batagayite crystals are blades up to 2 mm long, flattened on {001} and elongated on [100]; blades often grow in radial aggregates. Associated minerals are arsenolite, native copper, epifanovite, fluorapatite, libethenite, Na-analogue of batagayite, pseudomalachite, quartz, sampleite, tobermorite, and Mg-analogue of hopeite. The streak is white and the luster is vitreous. The mineral is brittle and has a perfect cleavage on {001}, no parting was observed. The Mohs hardness is 3. Density, determined by the float-sink method in Clerici solution, is 2.90(3) g/cm3, and the calculated density is 3.02 g/cm3 (using the empirical formula and single-crystal unit-cell parameters). Batagayite is biaxial, optically negative, α = 1.566 ± 0.002, β = 1.572 ± 0.002, γ = 1.573 ± 0.002 at 589 nm. 2V meas. = 40(5)°, 2V calc = 44.3°. Optical orientation: Z is perpendicular to (001), further details unclear. No dispersion or pleochroism were observed. The mean chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is: Na2O 0.31, MgO 1.39, Al2O3 0.55, SiO2 0.48, P2O5 34.37, K2O 0.17, CaO 2.76, MnO 1.03, CuO 5.80, ZnO 35.62, CdO 0.24 wt%. The H2O content estimated from the crystal-structure refinement is 16.83 wt%, giving a total of 99.55 wt%. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of P + Si = 7 is (Zn6.22Cu1.04Ca0.70Mg0.49Mn0.21Al0.15Na0.14K0.05Cd0.03)Σ9.03(P6.89Si0.11)Σ7.00O24.91(OH)3.09·12.10H2O. The mineral easily dissolves in 10% room-temperature HCl. The eight diagnostic lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern are (I-d[Å]-hkl): 100-14.59-001, 25-6.34-012, 11-6.02-111, 37-4.864-003, 13-4.766-112, 20-3.102-1 \\overline {2} \\overline {4} , 11-2.678-2

  9. Fabrication of free standing LiNbO3 single crystal micro-platelets and their integration to Si-on-insulator platforms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Yoo Seung; Lee, Sang-Shin; Lee, Wan-Gyu; Steier, William H.

    2011-01-01

    Free standing single crystal LiNbO 3 micro-platelets (mm long and 1 μm thick) have been obtained from a z-cut LiNbO 3 wafer by ion implantation and thermal treatment. X-ray diffraction measurement has proved that they have a single crystal structure. Their surface roughness and film quality have been investigated by atomic force microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. These micro-platelets are transferable and bondable to other materials which require material properties of LiNbO 3 . They have been transferred, positioned and bonded to SiO 2 /LiNbO 3 , SiO 2 /Si, and Si-on-insulator (SOI: Si/SiO 2 /Si) by direct bonding method with optimum annealing conditions. For SiO 2 /Si and SOI substrates, there were large thermal mismatch between LiNbO 3 and Si. They were, however, bonded at high temperature since these ultra thin micro-platelets were flexible and stretchable. Finally, to realize multifunctional SOI applications, a hybrid structure of LiNbO 3 film and Si waveguide has been demonstrated.

  10. Microscopic evidence for magnetic ordering in NdCu3Ru4O12 : 63,65Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yogi, M.; Niki, H.; Hedo, M.; Komesu, S.; Nakama, T.

    2018-05-01

    We have conducted 63,65Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on A-site ordered perovskite compounds LaCu3Ru4O12 and NdCu3Ru4O12 to investigate their ground state and spin fluctuations. While there is only one Cu site in the crystal structure, multiple NQR resonance lines were observed. This is presumed to be due to the presence of slight distortion and lattice defects in the samples. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature, 1 /T1 T , for LaCu3Ru4O12 showed almost constant value indicating the Fermi-liquid state. A remarkable increase in 1 /T1 T due to spin fluctuations was observed in NdCu3Ru4O12 . Furthermore, an evident magnetic phase transition at TM = 0.6 K was revealed from the distinct peak of 1 /T1 T and the broadening of the NQR spectrum.

  11. Crystal structure of Nd4Cu2O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pederzolli, D.R.; Attfield, J.P.

    1998-01-01

    The structure of Nd 4 Cu 2 O 7 (A2/m, a = 8.449 A, b = 3.759 A, c = 12.601 A, β = 109.57 ), prepared by topotactic reduction of the high-T c superconductor parent phase Nd 2 CuO 4 , has been determined from time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data revealing a new oxygen vacancy-ordered arrangement containing cooperatively distorted Cu 2 O 3 planes in which 2- and 4- coordinate Cu - sites are present. (orig.)

  12. Spin-triplet excitons and anisotropy effects in the S=12 gapped antiferromagnet BaCuSi2O6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zvyagin, S.A.; Wosnitza, J.; Krzystek, J.; Stern, R.; Jaime, M.; Sasago, Y.; Uchinokura, K.

    2007-01-01

    BaCuSi 2 O 6 can be regarded as an almost ideal realization of an S=12 system of weakly interacting spin dimers with spin-singlet ground state and gapped excitation spectrum. We argue that the fine structure observed in low-temperature EPR spectra of BaCuSi 2 O 6 is a fingerprint of triplet excitations (excitons). Analyzing the angular dependence of the exciton modes allows us to precisely calculate the zero-field splitting within the triplet states and, correspondingly, the anisotropy parameter, D=0.07cm -1 . The proposed procedure can be applied for studying anisotropy effects in a large number of S=12 gapped quantum antiferromagnets with dimerized or alternating spin structure

  13. Low Temperature Synthesis of Li2SiO3: Effect on Its Morphological and Textural Properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Georgina Mondragón-Gutiérrez

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Synthesis, at low temperature, of Li2SiO3 was investigated using different Li : Si molar ratios and urea, which was used as template. This new synthesis was performed in order to look for different textural and morphological properties than those obtained usually by conventional methods in this kind of ceramics. XRD and SEM analyses showed that Li2SiO3 was obtained pure and with ceramic particle morphology of hollow spheres of 2–6 μm. TEM analysis showed that those spheres were composed by needle-like particles crosslinked among them. This morphology provided a high surface area, probed by N2 adsorption. Therefore, this method of synthesis may be used to obtain other similar ceramics and test them in different applications.

  14. Double molybdates in Li2MoO4 - Na2MoO4 - H2O system at 25 grad C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karov, Z.G.; Mirzoev, R.S.; Makitova, D.D.; Zhilova, S.B.; Podnek, A.G.; Urusova, R.Kh.

    1989-01-01

    Solubility in Li 2 MoO 4 - Na 2 MoO 4 - H 2 O system at 25 deg C is first stuied. Formation of two Li 2 MoO 4 · Na 2 MoO 4 · 4H 2 O and Li 2 MoO 4 · 3Na 2 MoO 4 · 12H 2 O compounds in a system is ascertained. Density, refractive index, viscosity, surface tension, electric conductivity and pH of saturated solutions are determined. Isothermes of mole volume, equivalent and reduced electric conductivity and seeming mole volume of salts sum in solutions are calculated. All these properties adequtely confirm the character of components interaction in a system determined by solubility method. Crystallhydrates of binary molybdates are separated, indentified and studied

  15. Gas swelling behaviour at different stages in Li4Ti5O12/LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 pouch cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Wei; Liu, Haohan; Wang, Qian; Zhang, Jian; Xia, Baojia; Min, Guoquan

    2017-11-01

    Gas swelling behaviour is a major drawback of batteries that are based on Li4Ti5O12 anode materials and hinders their application. In this article, the morphology and electronic structure changes of Li4Ti5O12 electrodes at ageing and cycling stages are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A simple method that uses an air bag to collect the generated gases was conducted and the gases were then characterised by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the charge transformation of Ti ions would aggravate the gas swelling behaviour. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films form on the surface of the Li4Ti5O12 particles and become thicker with increasing charge state. The gas components change significantly during the ageing and cycling, indicating the complexity of the gas swelling mechanism.

  16. Sign system choice influence on the substance formation forecast in A2MoO4-B2(MoO4)3 and A2MoO4-CMoO4 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manzanov, Yu.E.; Lutsik, V.I.; Mokhosoev, M.V.

    1987-01-01

    Three sign spaces were used for forecasting compound formation in A 2 MoO 4 -B 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 (5:1 ratio, where A-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; B-Al, In, Ga, Sc, Cr, Fe, Bi, La, Nd, Sm-Lu, Y) and A 2 MoO 4 -CMoO 4 (1:2 ratio, where A-Li, Na, K, RB, Cs, Tl; C-Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pd, Mn, Co, Ni) systems: 1-electron distribution on energy shells of cations and their valency; 2-the type of incomplete electron shell, charge of cations, three first ionization potentials, standard heat capacity, ionic radius of cations; 3-standard formation enthalpy and standard entropy, oxide melting points and ionic radius of cations. It is shown that sign space, related with thermodynamic properties of oxides contains data, necessary for forecasting interaction in molybdate systems. This enables to improve reliability of forecasting

  17. Roymillerite, Pb24Mg9(Si9AlO28)(SiO4)(BO3)(CO3)10(OH)14O4, a new mineral: mineralogical characterization and crystal chemistry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chukanov, Nikita V.; Jonsson, Erik; Aksenov, Sergey M.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K.; Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I.; Van, Konstantin V.

    2017-11-01

    The new mineral roymillerite Pb24Mg9(Si9AlO28)(SiO4)(BO3)(CO3)10(OH)14O4, related to britvinite and molybdophyllite, was discovered in a Pb-rich assemblage from the Kombat Mine, Grootfontein district, Otjozondjupa region, Namibia, which includes also jacobsite, cerussite, hausmannite, sahlinite, rhodochrosite, barite, grootfonteinite, Mn-Fe oxides, and melanotekite. Roymillerite forms platy single-crystal grains up to 1.5 mm across and up to 0.3 mm thick. The new mineral is transparent, colorless to light pink, with a strong vitreous lustre. Cleavage is perfect on (001). Density calculated using the empirical formula is equal to 5.973 g/cm3. Roymillerite is optically biaxial, negative, α = 1.86(1), β ≈ γ = 1.94(1), 2 V (meas.) = 5(5)°. The IR spectrum shows the presence of britvinite-type tetrahedral sheets, {CO}3^{2 - }, {BO}3^{3 - }, and OH- groups. The chemical composition is (wt%; electron microprobe, H2O and CO2 determined by gas chromatography, the content of B2O3 derived from structural data): MgO 4.93, MnO 1.24, FeO 0.95, PbO 75.38, B2O3 0.50, Al2O3 0.74, CO2 5.83, SiO2 7.90, H2O 1.8, total 99.27. The empirical formula based on 83 O atoms pfu (i.e. Z = 1) is Pb24.12Mg8.74Mn1.25Fe0.94B1.03Al1.04C9.46Si9.39H14.27O83. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The new mineral is triclinic, space group P \\bar{1}, with a = 9.315(1), b = 9.316(1), c = 26.463(4) Å, α = 83.295(3)°, β = 83.308(3)°, γ = 60.023(2)°, V = 1971.2(6) Å3. The crystal structure of roymillerite is based built by alternating pyrophyllite-type TOT-modules Mg9(OH)8[(Si,Al)10O28] and I-blocks Pb24(OH)6O4(CO3)10(BO3,SiO4). The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [ d, Å (I, %) ( hkl)] are: 25.9 (100) (001), 13.1 (11) (002), 3.480 (12) (017, 107, -115, 1-15), 3.378 (14) (126, 216), 3.282 (16) (-2-15, -1-25), 3.185 (12) (-116, 1-16), 2.684 (16) (031, 301, 030, 300, 332, -109, 0-19, 1-18), 2.382 (11) (0.0.-11). Roymillerite is

  18. Synthesis And Characterization Of SiO2, SnO2 And TiO2 Metal Oxide Shells Covering Cu2O Particles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yu Ri

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available In this work is described a means of improving the chemical stability of Cu2O@SiO2, Cu2O@SnO2 and Cu2O@TiO2 materials. The SiO2, SnO2 and TiO2 coated samples were stable from pH 3 to pH 10 for up to seven days. To determine the stability of the coated nanoparticles, and their colloidal solutions under acidic and basic conditions, colloidal nanoparticle solutions with various pH values were prepared and monitored over time. Details of the effect of variations in pH on the phase stability of core-shell type Cu2O were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

  19. Keggin type polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O as intercalant for hydrotalcite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neza Rahayu Palapa

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The synthesis of hydrotalcite and polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O with the ratio (2:1, (1:1, (1:2 and (1:3 has been done. The product of intercalation was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer, XRD, and TG-DTA. Polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O intercalated layered double hydroxide was optimised to use as adsorbent Congo red dye. Characterization using FT-IR was not showing the optimal insertion process. The result using XRD characterization was showed successful of polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O inserted layered double hydroxide with a ratio (1:1 which the basal spacing was expanded from 7,8 Ȧ to 9,81 Ȧ. Furthermore, the thermal analysis was performed using TG-DTA. The result show that the decomposition of polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O intercalated  hydrotalcite with ratio (1:1 was occured at 80oC to 400oC with a loss of OH in the layer at 150oC to 220oC, and then the decomposition of the compound polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40].nH2O at 350oC to 420oC. Keywords: Hydrotalcite, Layered Double Hydroxide, Polyoxometalate, Intercalation

  20. Total Ionizing Dose Effects of Si Vertical Diffused MOSFET with SiO2 and Si3N4/SiO2 Gate Dielectrics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiongjiong Mo

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The total ionizing dose irradiation effects are investigated in Si vertical diffused MOSFETs (VDMOSs with different gate dielectrics including single SiO2 layer and double Si3N4/SiO2 layer. Radiation-induced holes trapping is greater for single SiO2 layer than for double Si3N4/SiO2 layer. Dielectric oxidation temperature dependent TID effects are also studied. Holes trapping induced negative threshold voltage shift is smaller for SiO2 at lower oxidation temperature. Gate bias during irradiation leads to different VTH shift for different gate dielectrics. Single SiO2 layer shows the worst negative VTH at VG=0 V, while double Si3N4/SiO2 shows negative VTH shift at VG=-5 V, positive VTH shift at VG=10 V, and negligible VTH shift at VG=0 V.

  1. Solid-state synthesis of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 whiskers from TiO_2-B

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yao, Wenjun; Zhuang, Wei; Ji, Xiaoyan; Chen, Jingjing; Lu, Xiaohua; Wang, Changsong

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • The Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 whiskers were synthesized from TiO_2-B whiskers via a solid state reaction. • The TiO_2-B crystal structure for lithium diffusion is easier than anatase. • The separated diffusion and reaction process is crucial for the solid-state syntheses of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 whiskers. - Abstract: In this work, Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 (LTO) was synthesized from the precursors of TiO_2-B and anatase whiskers, respectively. The synthesized LTO whiskers from TiO_2-B whiskers via a solid state reaction at 650 °C have a high degree of crystallinity with an average diameter of 300 nm. However, when anatase whiskers were used as the precursor, only particle morphology LTO was produced at 750 °C. The further analysis of the precursors, the intermediate products and the final products reveal that the crystal structure of the anatase hinders the diffusion of lithium, leading to a typical reaction–diffusion process. Under this condition, only particle morphology LTO can be produced. However, the crystal structure of the TiO_2-B is easy for lithium diffusion and the process is performed in two separated steps (i.e., diffusion and reaction), which makes it possible to decrease the solid-state reaction temperature down to 650 °C and then maintain the morphologies of whiskers.

  2. Preparation of Ce- and La-Doped Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheets and Their Electrochemical Performance in Li Half Cell and Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 Full Cell Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meng Qin

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available This work reports on the synthesis of rare earth-doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets with high electrochemical performance as anode material both in Li half and Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 full cell batteries. Through the combination of decreasing the particle size and doping by rare earth atoms (Ce and La, Ce and La doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets show the excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high specific capacity, good cycling stability and excellent rate performance in half cells. Notably, the Ce-doped Li4Ti5O12 shows good electrochemical performance as anode in a full cell which LiFePO4 was used as cathode. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to doping as well as the nanosized particle, which facilitates transportation of the lithium ion and electron transportation. This research shows that the rare earth doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets can be suitable as a high rate performance anode material in lithium-ion batteries.

  3. Preparation of Ce- and La-Doped Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheets and Their Electrochemical Performance in Li Half Cell and Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 Full Cell Batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qin, Meng; Li, Yueming; Lv, Xiao-Jun

    2017-01-01

    This work reports on the synthesis of rare earth-doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets with high electrochemical performance as anode material both in Li half and Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 full cell batteries. Through the combination of decreasing the particle size and doping by rare earth atoms (Ce and La), Ce and La doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets show the excellent electrochemical performance in terms of high specific capacity, good cycling stability and excellent rate performance in half cells. Notably, the Ce-doped Li4Ti5O12 shows good electrochemical performance as anode in a full cell which LiFePO4 was used as cathode. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to doping as well as the nanosized particle, which facilitates transportation of the lithium ion and electron transportation. This research shows that the rare earth doped Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets can be suitable as a high rate performance anode material in lithium-ion batteries. PMID:28632167

  4. Preparation of CaO-SiO2-CuO bioactive glasses-embedded anodic alumina with improved biological activities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ni Siyu

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available To improve bone cell cytocompatibility properties of porous anodic alumina (PAA and implement anti-bacterial properties, amorphous CaO-SiO2-CuO materials were loaded into PAA nano-pores (termed CaO-SiO2- CuO/PAA by a facile ultrasonic-assisted sol-dipping strategy. The surface features and chemistry of the obtained CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA were investigated by a field emission scanning microscope (FESEM, an energy-dispersive Xray spectrometer (EDS and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS. The ability of the CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA specimens to form apatite via a bio-mineralization processwas evaluated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF in vitro. The surface microstructure and chemical properties after soaking in SBFwere characterized. The release of ions into the SBF was also measured. In addition, rat osteoblasts and two types of bacterial were cultured on the samples to determine their cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The results showed that the amorphous CaO-SiO2-CuO materials were successfully decorated into PAA nano-pores and at the same time maintained their nano-featured surfaces. The CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA samples induced apatite-mineralization in SBF. Meanwhile, the CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA samples demonstrated great potential for promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts and inhibiting Escherichia coli (E. coli as well as Staphylococcus. aureus (S. aureus growth. Specifically, there was an 86.5±4.1% reduction in E. coli, an 88.0 ± 2.2% reduction in S. aureus for the CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA surfaces compared to PAA controls. The capability to promote osteoblast proliferation and better antibacterial activity of CaO-SiO2- CuO/PAA may be attributed to the fact that Cu ions can be slowly and constantly released from the samples. Importantly, this was achieved without the use of antibiotics or any pharmaceutical agent. Ultimately, these results suggest that the CaO-SiO2-CuO/PAA substrates possessed improved bone cell cytocompatibility and high

  5. Crystallization and electrical resistivity of Cu{sub 2}O and CuO obtained by thermal oxidation of Cu thin films on SiO{sub 2}/Si substrates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Los Santos Valladares, L., E-mail: ld301@cam.ac.uk [Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE (United Kingdom); Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-Pe (Brazil); Salinas, D. Hurtado [Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); Laboratorio de Ceramicos y Nanomateriales, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ap. Postal 14-0149, Lima (Peru); Dominguez, A. Bustamante [Laboratorio de Ceramicos y Nanomateriales, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ap. Postal 14-0149, Lima (Peru); Najarro, D. Acosta [Instituto de Fisica, Departamento de Materia Condensada, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ap. Postal 20-364, CP 01000 (Mexico); Khondaker, S.I. [NanoScience Technology Centre and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 (United States); Mitrelias, T.; Barnes, C.H.W. [Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE (United Kingdom); Aguiar, J. Albino [Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-Pe (Brazil); Majima, Y. [Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan)

    2012-08-01

    In this work, we study the crystallization and electrical resistivity of the formed oxides in a Cu/SiO{sub 2}/Si thin film after thermal oxidation by ex-situ annealing at different temperatures up to 1000 Degree-Sign C. Upon increasing the annealing temperature, from the X ray diffractogram the phase evolution Cu {yields} Cu + Cu{sub 2}O {yields} Cu{sub 2}O {yields} Cu{sub 2}O + CuO {yields} CuO was detected. Pure Cu{sub 2}O films are obtained at 200 Degree-Sign C, whereas uniform CuO films without structural surface defects such as terraces, kinks, porosity or cracks are obtained in the temperature range 300-550 Degree-Sign C. In both oxides, crystallization improves with annealing temperature. A resistivity phase diagram, which is obtained from the current-voltage response, is presented here. The resistivity was expected to increase linearly as a function of the annealing temperature due to evolution of oxides. However, anomalous decreases are observed at different temperatures ranges, this may be related to the improvement of the crystallization and crystallite size when the temperature increases. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The crystallization and electrical resistivity of oxides in a Cu films are studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In annealing Cu films, the phase evolution Cu + Cu{sub 2}O {yields} Cu{sub 2}O {yields} Cu{sub 2}O + CuO {yields} CuO occurs. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A resistivity phase diagram, obtained from the current-voltage response, is presented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Some decreases in the resistivity may be related to the crystallization.

  6. Structure of the novel ternary hydrides Li4Tt2D (Tt=Si and Ge)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Hui; Rush, J.J.; Maryland Univ., College Park, MD; Hartman, M.R.; Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR; Udovic, T.J.; Zhou Wei; Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA; Bowman, R.C. Jr.; Vajo, J.J.

    2007-01-01

    The crystal structures of newly discovered Li 4 Ge 2 D and Li 4 Si 2 D ternary phases were solved by direct methods using neutron powder diffraction data. Both structures can be described using a Cmmm orthorhombic cell with all hydrogen atoms occupying Li 6 -octahedral interstices. The overall crystal structure and the geometry of these interstices are compared with those of other related phases, and the stabilization of this novel class of ternary hydrides is discussed. (orig.)

  7. Band alignment of atomic layer deposited SiO2 and HfSiO4 with (\\bar{2}01) β-Ga2O3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carey, Patrick H., IV; Ren, Fan; Hays, David C.; Gila, Brent P.; Pearton, Stephen J.; Jang, Soohwan; Kuramata, Akito

    2017-07-01

    The valence band offset at both SiO2/β-Ga2O3 and HfSiO4/β-Ga2O3 heterointerfaces was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both dielectrics were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto single-crystal β-Ga2O3. The bandgaps of the materials were determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy as 4.6 eV for Ga2O3, 8.7 eV for Al2O3 and 7.0 eV for HfSiO4. The valence band offset was determined to be 1.23 ± 0.20 eV (straddling gap, type I alignment) for ALD SiO2 on β-Ga2O3 and 0.02 ± 0.003 eV (also type I alignment) for HfSiO4. The respective conduction band offsets were 2.87 ± 0.70 eV for ALD SiO2 and 2.38 ± 0.50 eV for HfSiO4, respectively.

  8. Adiponitrile-Lithium Bis(trimethylsulfonyl)imide Solutions as Alkyl Carbonate-free Electrolytes for Li4 Ti5 O12 (LTO)/LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (NMC) Li-Ion Batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farhat, Douaa; Ghamouss, Fouad; Maibach, Julia; Edström, Kristina; Lemordant, Daniel

    2017-05-19

    Recently, dinitriles (NC(CH 2 ) n CN) and especially adiponitrile (ADN, n=4) have attracted attention as safe electrolyte solvents owing to their chemical stability, high boiling points, high flash points, and low vapor pressure. The good solvation properties of ADN toward lithium salts and its high electrochemical stability (≈6 V vs. Li/Li + ) make it suitable for safer Li-ions cells without performance loss. In this study, ADN is used as a single electrolyte solvent with lithium bis(trimethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). This electrolyte allows the use of aluminium collectors as almost no corrosion occurs at voltages up to 4.2 V. The physicochemical properties of the ADN-LiTFSI electrolyte, such as salt dissolution, conductivity, and viscosity, were determined. The cycling performances of batteries using Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) as the anode and LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NMC) as the cathode were determined. The results indicate that LTO/NMC batteries exhibit excellent rate capabilities with a columbic efficiency close to 100 %. As an example, cells were able to reach a capacity of 165 mAh g -1 at 0.1 C and a capacity retention of more than 98 % after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. In addition, electrodes analyses by SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy after cycling confirming minimal surface changes of the electrodes in the studied battery system. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  9. Improved electrochemical properties of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} composite anodes prepared by a solid-state synthesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu, Yan-Rong; Yuan, Jing; Zhu, Min [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002 (China); Hao, Guodong [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157012 (China); Yi, Ting-Feng, E-mail: tfyihit@163.com [School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002 (China); Xie, Ying, E-mail: xieying@hlju.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080 (China)

    2015-10-15

    Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} composite anodes are successfully prepared by a facile solid state route. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of all samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge–discharge tests, respectively. XRD reveals that the little La{sup 3+} ions enter into the lattice, and then make the crystal lattice of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} expand. SEM shows that all samples are composed of 1–2 μm primary particles with irregular shapes. CV and EIS imply that Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} composites have lower polarization, larger lithium-ion diffusion coefficient and smaller charge transfer resistance corresponding to a much higher conductivity than those of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} corresponding to the extraction of Li{sup +} ions. The improved electrochemical performance of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} composites can be attributed to the enhanced transfer kinetics of both the lithium ions and electrons. Particularly, Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} (5 wt.%) composite shows a excellent high-rate capability and cycling stability. Therefore, the present Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} (5 wt.%) composite anode is capable of large-scale applications, such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, requiring high energy, long life and excellent safety. - Highlights: • The electrochemical property of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} down to 0 V is first reported. • Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} modifying results in fast lithium insertion/extraction kinetics. • Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}–Li{sub 0.33}La{sub 0.56}TiO{sub 3} (5 wt.%) exhibits a good fast charge

  10. Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 produzidas pelo processo gelcasting

    OpenAIRE

    Sousa,E. de; Rambo,C. R.; Ortega,F. S.; Oliveira,A. P. N. de; Pandolfelli,V. C.

    2009-01-01

    Espumas vítreas do sistema Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al2O 3 (LZSA) foram produzidas pelo processo gelcasting, associado à aeração de suspensões cerâmicas, sem controle atmosférico. Por meio da adição de diferentes concentrações de agente espumante (Fongraminox) foi possível obter espumas vítreas com densidade relativa variando entre uma estreita faixa (0,10-0,15). As espumas vítreas apresentaram resistência à compressão de 2,5-3,7 MPa, que correspondem a porosidade entre 85 e 89% e macroestrutra com por...

  11. Synthesis of Li2MnSiO4-graphene composite and its electrochemical performances as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Jeonghyun; Song, Taeseup; Park, Hyunjung; Yuh, Junhan; Paik, Ungyu

    2014-10-01

    The Li2MnSiO4 is a promising candidate as a cathode for lithium ion batteries due to its large theoretical capacity of 330 mA h g(-1) and high thermal stability. However, the problems related to low electronic conductivity and large irreversible capacity at the first cycle limits its practical use as a Li-ion cathode material. We have developed a carbon coated Li2MnSiO4-graphene composite electrode to overcome these problems. Our designed electrode exhibits high reversible capacity of 301 mA h g(-1), with a high initial coulombic efficiency, and a discharge capacity at current rate of 0.5 C, that is double value of carbon coated Li2MnSiO4-carbon black composite electrode. These significant improvements are attributed to fast electron transport along the graphene sheet.

  12. Synthesis of high-performance Li2FeSiO4/C composite powder by spray-freezing/freeze-drying a solution with two carbon sources

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fujita, Yukiko; Iwase, Hiroaki; Shida, Kenji; Liao, Jinsun; Fukui, Takehisa; Matsuda, Motohide

    2017-09-01

    Li2FeSiO4 is a promising cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. Spray-freezing/freeze-drying, a practical process reported for the synthesis of various ceramic powders, is applied to the synthesis of Li2FeSiO4/C composite powders and high-performance Li2FeSiO4/C composite powders are successfully synthesized by using starting solutions containing both Indian ink and glucose as carbon sources followed by heating. The synthesized composite powders have a unique structure, composed of Li2FeSiO4 nanoparticles coated with a thin carbon layer formed by the carbonization of glucose and carbon nanoparticles from Indian ink. The carbon layer enhances the electrochemical reactivity of the Li2FeSiO4, and the carbon nanoparticles play a role in the formation of electron-conducting paths in the cathode. The composite powders deliver an initial discharge capacity of 195 and 137 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 1 C, respectively, without further addition of conductive additive. The discharge capacity at 1 C is 72 mAh g-1 after the 100th cycle, corresponding to approximately 75% of the capacity at the 2nd cycle.

  13. Utilizing recycled LiFePO4 from batteries in combination with B@C3N4 and CuFe2O4 as sustainable nano-junctions for high performance degradation of atenolol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Amit; Kumari, Anu; Sharma, Gaurav; Naushad, Mu; Ahamad, Tansir; Stadler, Florian J

    2018-06-18

    In this report recycled LiFePO 4 (LFP) from exhaust batteries was utilized to form B@C 3 N 4 /LiFePO 4 /CuFe 2 O 4 (BLC) nano-junction as a visible active photocatalyst. The junction synthesized by two routes: Using as extracted LFP and forming LFP by extracted FePO 4 and Li 2 CO 3 via in-situ deposition method. The two ternary junctions BLC and BLC (E) (utilizing as extracted LFP) were utilized for visible and solar powered degradation of beta-blocker drug Atenolol (ATL). Varying the loading of CuFe 2 O 4 (CF) which possesses lowest band gap, BLC (10%), BLC-3 (30%), BLC-5 (50%) and BLC-E (30% CF and as extracted LFP) were produced with BLC-3 exhibiting remarkable activity. The optical band gaps of BLC-3 (2.40 eV) and BLC (E) (2.46 eV) and photocurrent responses reveal high visible absorption and highly diminished recombination. 99.5% and 85.3% of ATL (20 mg L -1 ) could be degraded by BLC-3 and BLC (E) (0.3 g L -1 ) respectively in 60 min of exposure to Xe lamp and retaining of high activity in natural sunlight. Band-junction analysis, effect of scavengers and effect on teraphthalic acid and nitroblue tetrazolium reveal O 2 - and OH radicals as active species and mineralization was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Cyto-toxicity studies on human peripheral blood cells and effect on growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa confirm the complete mineralization. The BLC photocatalyst is a promising multi-functional catalyst utilizing LFP (rarely used as photocatalyst) for treatment of pharmaceutical waste water and other environmental applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Green luminescence from Cu-diffused LiGaO{sub 2} crystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Holston, M.S.; Ferguson, I.P.; Giles, N.C.; McClory, J.W. [Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433 (United States); Winarski, D.J.; Ji, Jianfeng; Selim, F.A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403 (United States); Halliburton, L.E., E-mail: Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (United States)

    2016-02-15

    An intense green luminescence is observed from single crystals of LiGaO{sub 2} doped with copper. Czochralski-grown undoped crystals are wrapped in thin copper foil and then held at 900 °C for 1 h in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. Large concentrations of Cu{sup +} ions enter the crystals during this process and occupy Li{sup +} sites. These copper-diffused crystals are characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). An optical absorption band peaking near 350 nm is assigned to the Cu{sup +} ions at Li{sup +} sites and represents an excitation from a 3d{sup 10} ground state to a 3d{sup 9}4s{sup 1} excited state. A broad PL emission from these excited Cu{sup +} ions has a peak near 523 nm and the related PLE band has a peak near 356 nm (this PLE band links the emission to the optical absorption band). Illuminating a Cu-diffused crystal at room temperature with 325 nm laser light converts a portion of the Cu{sup +} ions to Cu{sup 2+} ions. EPR spectra from these 3d{sup 9} ions are easily seen at low temperatures and their angular dependence is used to determine the g matrix and the {sup 63}Cu hyperfine matrix. Subsequent heating produces a TL peak near 122 °C with a maximum in its spectral dependence near 535 nm. Correlated EPR measurements show that this TL peak occurs when trapped electrons are thermally released from unintentionally present transition-metal ions (most likely Fe) and recombine with holes at the Cu{sup 2+} ions.

  15. Room temperature magnetic and dielectric properties of cobalt doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mu, Chunhong; Song, Yuanqiang; Wang, Haibin; Wang, Xiaoning

    2015-05-01

    CaCu3Ti4-xCoxO12 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction, and the effects of cobalt doping on the room temperature magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. Both X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Cu and Co rich phase at grain boundaries of Co-doped ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of Co-doped samples showed a striking change from regular polyhedral particle type in pure CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) to sheet-like grains with certain growth orientation. Undoped CaCu3Ti4O12 is well known for its colossal dielectric constant in a broad temperature and frequency range. The dielectric constant value was slightly changed by 5 at. % and 10 at. % Co doping, whereas the second relaxation process was clearly separated in low frequency region at room temperature. A multirelaxation mechanism was proposed to be the origin of the colossal dielectric constant. In addition, the permeability spectra measurements indicated Co-doped CCTO with good magnetic properties, showing the initial permeability (μ') as high as 5.5 and low magnetic loss (μ″ < 0.2) below 3 MHz. And the interesting ferromagnetic superexchange coupling in Co-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 was discussed.

  16. Tritium release from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} ceramic pebbles in high magnetic field

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ran, Guangming [School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027 (China); Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Xiao, Chengjian; Chen, Xiaojun; Gong, Yu; Zhao, Linjie [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Wang, Xiaolin [School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027 (China); China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China)

    2015-12-15

    Highlights: • Behavior of tritium release from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles in MF up to 7 T was investigated. • The MF effect on tritium release is not significant according to the TPD results. • Tritium release from the BIG sample is much easier than that from the SMALL sample. • The MF effect on tritium diffusion was probably weakened by surface desorption. - Abstract: The behavior of tritium release from Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} ceramic pebbles in high magnetic field (MF) was investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Two batches of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} pebbles produced by wet method were used as the experimental samples, one batch with an average pebble diameter of 0.8 mm (the SMALL samples), and the other 1.2 mm (the BIG samples). A superconducting magnet was applied to generate MF up to 7 T in the sample area during annealing. For both batches of samples, the tritium release curves within and without MF showed very similar characteristics, indicating that the effect of high MF on tritium release behavior is not significant. The tritium release peaks for the BIG samples were observed at much lower temperatures than that for the SMALL samples, even though the grain sizes of the BIG samples are much bigger than that of the SMALL samples. It is considered that surface desorption process dominates the overall tritium release behavior in this work, which probably weakened the MF effect.

  17. XPS and EELS characterization of Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, MnSiO{sub 3} and MnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grosvenor, A.P., E-mail: andrew.grosvenor@usask.ca [Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 (Canada); Bellhouse, E.M., E-mail: erika.bellhouse@arcelormittal.com [Global R & D—Hamilton, ArcelorMittal Dofasco, 1330 Burlington St. E, Hamilton, ON L8N 3J5 (Canada); Korinek, A., E-mail: korinek@mcmaster.ca [Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada); Bugnet, M., E-mail: bugnetm@mcmaster.ca [Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada); McDermid, J.R., E-mail: mcdermid@mcmaster.ca [Steel Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada)

    2016-08-30

    Graphical abstract: XPS and EELS spectra were acquired from Mn2Al2O4, MnSiO3 and Mn2SiO4 standards and unique features identified that will allow unambiguous identification of these compounds when studying the selective oxidation of advanced steels. - Highlights: • Mn2Al2O4, MnSiO3 and Mn2SiO4 standards were synthesized and characterized using both XPS and EELS. • Unique features in both the XPS high resolution and EELS spectra were identified for all compounds. • The spectra can be used to identify these compounds when studying the selective oxidation of steels. - Abstract: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) are strong candidate techniques for characterizing steel surfaces and substrate-coating interfaces when investigating the selective oxidation and reactive wetting of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) during the continuous galvanizing process. However, unambiguous identification of ternary oxides such as Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, MnSiO{sub 3}, and MnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} by XPS or EELS, which can play a significant role in substrate reactive wetting, is difficult due to the lack of fully characterized standards in the literature. To resolve this issue, samples of Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, MnSiO{sub 3} and MnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} were synthesized and characterized by XPS and EELS. The unique features of the XPS and EELS spectra for the Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, MnSiO{sub 3} and MnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} standards were successfully derived, thereby allowing investigators to fully differentiate and identify these oxides at the surface and subsurface of Mn, Si and Al alloyed AHSS using these techniques.

  18. The solubility and site preference of Fe3+ in Li7−3xFexLa3Zr2O12 garnets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rettenwander, D.; Geiger, C.A.; Tribus, M.; Tropper, P.; Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G.

    2015-01-01

    A series of Fe 3+ -bearing Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) garnets was synthesized using solid-state synthesis methods. The synthetic products were characterized compositionally using electron microprobe analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and structurally using X-ray powder diffraction and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A maximum of about 0.25 Fe 3+ pfu could be incorporated in Li 7−3x Fe x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnet solid solutions. At Fe 3+ concentrations lower than about 0.16 pfu, both tetragonal and cubic garnets were obtained in the synthesis experiments. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed only a garnet phase for syntheses with starting materials having intended Fe 3+ contents lower than 0.52 Fe 3+ pfu. Back-scattered electron images made with an electron microprobe also showed no phase other than garnet for these compositions. The lattice parameter, a 0 , for all solid-solution garnets is similar with a value of a 0 ≈12.98 Å regardless of the amount of Fe 3+ . 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of poorly- or nano-crystalline FeLaO 3 in syntheses with Fe 3+ contents greater than 0.16 Fe 3+ pfu. The composition of different phase pure Li 7−3x Fe x La 3 Zr 2 O 12 garnets, as determined by electron microprobe (Fe, La, Zr) and ICP-OES (Li) measurements, give Li 6.89 Fe 0.03 La 3.05 Zr 2.01 O 12 , Li 6.66 Fe 0.06 La 3.06 Zr 2.01 O 12 , Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 , and Li 6.19 Fe 0.19 La 3.02 Zr 2.04 O 12 . The 57 Fe Mössbauer spectrum of cubic Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 garnet indicates that most Fe 3+ occurs at the special crystallographic 24d position, which is the standard tetrahedrally coordinated site in garnet. Fe 3+ in smaller amounts occurs at a general 96h site, which is only present for certain Li-oxide garnets, and in Li 6.54 Fe 0.12 La 3.01 Zr 1.98 O 12 this Fe 3+ has a distorted 4-fold coordination. - Graphical abstract: Cubic nominally Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O

  19. Preparation of submicrocrystal LiMn2O4 used Mn3O4 as precursor and its electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Bao-Sheng; Wang, Zhen-Bo; Zhang, Yin; Yu, Fu-Da; Xue, Yuan; Ke, Ke; Li, Fang-Fei

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Spinal LiMn 2 O 4 particles synthesized at 800 °C for 12 h has the best crystallinity with a submicron size and smallest cation disorder, resulting in a superior capacity retention ratio of 90.4% after 200 cycles at 1 °C at room temperature, which possesses an initial capacity of 106.8 mA h/g. - Highlights: • High purity spinel LiMn 2 O 4 was synthesized from industrial grade raw materials. • LiMn 2 O 4 prepared by optimal conditions has the smallest cation mixing. • Optimized LiMn 2 O 4 has the highest initial capacity with 112.9 mA h/g. • Capacity retention of optimized LiMn 2 O 4 is 90.4% after 200 cycles at 1 °C. - Abstract: Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 has been synthesized by solid state reaction with industrial grade Mn 3 O 4 and Li 2 CO 3 as precursors without purification, and its electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery has been investigated by CR2025 coin cell. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the size of LiMn 2 O 4 particles grow up with increasing temperature of calcination, and the sample synthesized at 800 °C for 12 h has the best crystallinity with a submicron size. It can deliver initial capacity of 112.9 mA h/g with capacity retention ratio of 89.1% after 200 cycles at charge/discharge rate of 1 C. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also show that it has the highest electrochemical activity and lowest charge transfer impedance

  20. Facile and efficient synthesis of the surface tantalum hydride (≡SiO)2TaIIIH and tris-siloxy tantalum (≡SiO)3TaIII starting from novel tantalum surface species (≡SiO)TaMe4 and (≡SiO)2TaMe 3

    KAUST Repository

    Chen, Yin

    2014-03-10

    By grafting of TaMe5 (1) on the surface of silica partially dehydroxylated at 500 C (silica500), a mixture of (≡SiO)TaMe4 (2a; major, 65 ± 5%) and (≡SiO) 2TaMe3 (2b; minor, 35 ± 5%) was produced, which has been characterized by microanalysis, IR, and SS NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-13C HETCOR, proton double and triple quantum). After grafting, these surface organometallic compounds are more stable than the precursor TaMe5. Treatment of 2a,b with water and H 2 resulted in the formation of methane in amount of 3.6 ± 0.2 and 3.4 ± 0.2 mol/grafted Ta, respectively. 2a,b react with H2 (800 mbar) to form (≡SiO)2TaH. After (≡SiO) 2TaH was heated to 500 C under hydrogen or vacuum, [(≡SiO) 3Ta][≡SiH] was produced, and the structure was confirmed by IR, NMR, and EXAFS. Considering the difficulty of the previous preparation method, these syntheses represent a facile and convenient way to prepare tantalum surface species (≡SiO)2TaH and (≡SiO)3Ta via the intermediate of the new surface organometallic precursors: (≡SiO)TaMe4/(≡SiO)2TaMe3. (≡SiO)2TaH and (≡SiO)3Ta exhibit equal reactivities in alkane metathesis and ethylene polymerization in comparison to those in previous reports. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

  1. Facile and efficient synthesis of the surface tantalum hydride (≡SiO)2TaIIIH and tris-siloxy tantalum (≡SiO)3TaIII starting from novel tantalum surface species (≡SiO)TaMe4 and (≡SiO)2TaMe 3

    KAUST Repository

    Chen, Yin; Ould-Chikh, Samy; Abou-Hamad, Edy; Callens, Emmanuel; Mohandas, Janet Chakkamadathil; Khalid, Syed M.; Basset, Jean-Marie

    2014-01-01

    By grafting of TaMe5 (1) on the surface of silica partially dehydroxylated at 500 C (silica500), a mixture of (≡SiO)TaMe4 (2a; major, 65 ± 5%) and (≡SiO) 2TaMe3 (2b; minor, 35 ± 5%) was produced, which has been characterized by microanalysis, IR, and SS NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-13C HETCOR, proton double and triple quantum). After grafting, these surface organometallic compounds are more stable than the precursor TaMe5. Treatment of 2a,b with water and H 2 resulted in the formation of methane in amount of 3.6 ± 0.2 and 3.4 ± 0.2 mol/grafted Ta, respectively. 2a,b react with H2 (800 mbar) to form (≡SiO)2TaH. After (≡SiO) 2TaH was heated to 500 C under hydrogen or vacuum, [(≡SiO) 3Ta][≡SiH] was produced, and the structure was confirmed by IR, NMR, and EXAFS. Considering the difficulty of the previous preparation method, these syntheses represent a facile and convenient way to prepare tantalum surface species (≡SiO)2TaH and (≡SiO)3Ta via the intermediate of the new surface organometallic precursors: (≡SiO)TaMe4/(≡SiO)2TaMe3. (≡SiO)2TaH and (≡SiO)3Ta exhibit equal reactivities in alkane metathesis and ethylene polymerization in comparison to those in previous reports. © 2014 American Chemical Society.

  2. Facile preparation of polyethylenimine-tannins coated SiO2 hybrid materials for Cu2+ removal

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Qiang; Liu, Meiying; Zhao, Jiao; Chen, Junyu; Zeng, Guangjian; Huang, Hongye; Tian, Jianwen; Wen, Yuanqing; Zhang, Xiaoyong; Wei, Yen

    2018-01-01

    Polyethylenimine-tannins coated SiO2 (SiO2@PEI-TA) hybrid materials have been prepared via a single-step multifunctional coating with polyethylenimine (PEI) and tannins (TA), and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-prepared SiO2@PEI-TA composites were examined as adsorbents to remove the Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial Cu2+ concentration, solution pH and temperature, on Cu2+ adsorption have been investigated. The results show that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto SiO2@PEI-TA is dependent on the contact time, Cu2+ concentration, pH and temperature. The SiO2@PEI-TA composites show a 2.4-fold increase in adsorption capacity, implying that the introduction of PEI-TA coating is in favor of the Cu2+ adsorption. Based on the analysis of kinetic data, the kinetics of Cu2+ adsorption is more accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results of isotherms show that the better agreement is Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9914, which suggests that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto SiO2@PEI-TA is mainly a heterogeneous adsorption process. Thermodynamic analyses show that the adsorption interaction is actually a spontaneous and endothermic chemical process, which might involve the chemical chelation between Cu2+ and functional groups (amine and carboxyl groups) on the surface of SiO2@PEI-TA. In addition, the Cu2+ ions could desorb from SiO2@PEI-TA by using acid solution and the adsorption efficiency remains at high level after five adsorption-desorption recycles. These results provide potential applications of these novel adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal Cu2+ from aqueous solution and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed in the study.

  3. Nanoparticles of the giant dielectric material, CaCu3Ti4O12 from a precursor route

    OpenAIRE

    Thomas, P.; Dwarakanath, K.; Varma, K. B. R.; Kutty, T. R. N.

    2013-01-01

    A method of preparing the nanoparticles of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) with the crystallite size varying from 30 to 200 nm is optimized at a temperature as low as 680 1C from the exothermic thermal decomposition of an oxalate precursor, CaCu3(TiO)4(C2O4)8 ? 9H2O. The phase singularity of the complex oxalate precursor is confirmed by the wet chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and TGA,DTA analyses. The UV Vis reflectance and ESR spectra of CCTO powders indicate that the Cu(II) coordination chan...

  4. PbO-SiO_2-CuO及びPbO-SiO_2-K_2O-Na_2O-CuO系ガラス中のCu^<2+>イオンの光吸収スペクトル及びガラスの屈折率

    OpenAIRE

    小山田, 了三; 古賀, 秀人; 星野, 朝則

    1984-01-01

    PbO-SiO2-CuO及びPbO-SiO2-K2O-Na2O-CuO系ガラス中のCu2+イオンの光吸収スペクトルを測定し、ガラス組成と吸収ピーク波数との関係を調べた。その結果、PbO-SiO2-CuO系ガラス中のCu2+の吸収ピーク波数は[PbO]/[SiO2]比の増加とともに高波数側へシフトすることが分かった。PbO-SiO2-K2O-Na2O-CuO系ガラス中のCu2+の吸収ピーク波数の混合アルカリ効果は[PbO]/[SiO2]比により現れ方が異なる。[PbO]/[SiO2]=0.64の場合、ピーク波数は[K2O]/[K2O+Na2O]比の増加とともに低波数側へシフトする。[PbO]/[SiO2]=1.0の場合もピーク波数は[K2O]/[K2O+Na2O]比の増加とともに低波数側へシフトし、[K2O]/[K2O+Na2O]=0.7付近に極小が存在する。[PbO]/[SiO2]=1.5の場合、極小が[K2O]/[K2O+Na2O]=0.35付近に存在し、このとき混合アルカリ効果が最も顕著に現れる。次に、PbO-SiO2-K2O-Na2O-CuO系ガラスの組成と屈折率の関係を調...

  5. A novel lithium copper iron phosphate with idealized formula Li5Cu22+Fe3+(PO44: crystal structure and distribution of defects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shailesh Upreti

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Gray–green single crystals were obtained under high-pressure, high-temperature hydrothermal conditions. A refinement of atom occupancies gave the composition Li3.68Cu2+Fe3+(Cu0.55Li0.452Fe2+0.15(PO44. The structure is built from triplets of edge-sharing (Cu,LiO5–FeO6–(Cu,LiO5 polyhedra, CuO4 quadrilaterals and PO4 tetrahedra. In the (Cu,LiO5 polyhedra the Cu and Li positions are statistically occupied in a 0.551 (2:0.449 (2 ratio. Both FeO6 and CuO4 polyhedra exhibit overline1 symmetry. The positions of additional Li atoms with vacancy defects are in the interstices of the framework.

  6. TL-OSL study of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}: Mg, Cu phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahangdale, S. R., E-mail: sachin.rahangdale1@gmail.com; Wankhede, S. P. [Department of Physics, K.D.K.College of Engineering, Nagpur (India); Dhabekar, B. S. [RPAD, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085 (India); Palikundwar, U. A.; Moharil, S. V. [Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440010 (India)

    2015-08-28

    In the present work, we report the thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties of Mg and Cu doped Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} phosphor. The phosphor was synthesized by precipitation method. The thermoluminescence dosimetric peak temperature for the phosphor varies with concentrations of Mg and Cu. Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} shows good response to 470nm optical stimulation. The OSL sensitivity of the phosphor is approximately 12 times than that of standard Lithium magnesium phosphate. This study may help to develop this material for the application in real time dosimetry using optically stimulated luminescence.

  7. Sintering behaviour and phase relationships of Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics in the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] system. Sinterverhalten und Phasenbeziehungen von Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-Keramiken im System Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mahoney, F.M.

    1992-10-12

    The aim of this work is the investigation of the sintering or crystallisation behaviour of Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics depending on the additive composition in the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-MgO-Y[sub 2]O[sub 3] system. With regard to the complicated manufacturing process of sintered and heat-treated Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics, one should first determine which additive compositions make complete compression possible. The effect of the composition on the volume and the viscosity of the melting phase should be cleared up, where determining the Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] solubility relative to the additive composition is of special importance. The phase relationships between Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] and the possible crystalline secondary phases should be determined for the crystallisation behaviour. Due to the very fine distribution of only a 5-15% proportion of additive in conventional Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] samples, a characterisation of the secondary phases is difficult to carry out with X-ray or REM/EDX analysis. Therefore, experiments with oxy-nitridic model samples were carried out in this work, which have the same phase relationships as conventional Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] compositions, but with an appreciably higher proportion of additive. The possibility of transferring the results of the model samples were tested on examples of three Si[sub 3]N[sub 4] ceramics. (orig.)

  8. Performance of LiAlloy/Ag(2)CrO(4) Couples in Molten CsBr-LiBr-KBr Eutectic

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    GUIDOTTI, RONALD A.; REINHARDT, FREDERICK W.

    1999-01-01

    The performance of Li-alloy/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/Ag(sub 2)CrO(sub 4) systems was studied over a temperature range of 250 C to 300 C, for possible use as a power source for geothermal borehole applications. Single cells were discharged at current densities of 15.8 and 32.6 mA/cm(sup 2) using Li-Si and Li-Al anodes. When tested in 5-cell batteries, the Li-Si/CsBr-LiBr-KBr/Ag(sub 2)CrO(sub 4) system exhibited thermal runaway. Thermal analytical tests showed that the Ag(sub 2)CrO(sub 4) cathode reacted exothermically with the electrolyte on activation. Consequently, this system would not be practical for the envisioned geothermal borehole applications

  9. Solvated copper(I) hexafluorosilicate π-complexes based on [Cu2(amtd)2]2+ (amtd = 2-allylamino-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole) dimer

    OpenAIRE

    Goreshnik, E.A.; Veryasov, G.; Morozov, Dmitry; Slyvka, Yu.; Ardan, B.; Mys'kiv, M.G.

    2016-01-01

    [Cu2(amdt)2]SiF6·C6H6 and [Cu2(amdt)2(H2O)2]SiF6·CH3CN·2H2O (amdt = 2-allylamino-5- methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole) were obtained by alternating-current electrochemical synthesis, starting from water–acetonitrile–benzene mixtures containing 2-allylamino-5-methyl-1,3,4- thiadiazole and CuSiF6·4H2O. The electrochemical reduction of the saturated copper hexafluorosilicate water solution beneath the neatly poured layer of acetonitrile-benzene amdt solution resulted in the formation of cr...

  10. Ultraviolet emission from low resistance Cu2SnS3/SnO2 and CuInS2/Sn:In2O3 nanowires

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Karageorgou

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available SnO2 and Sn:In2O3 nanowires were grown on Si(001, and p-n junctions were fabricated in contact with p-type Cu2S which exhibited rectifying current–voltage characteristics. Core-shell Cu2SnS3/SnO2 and CuInS2/Sn:In2O3 nanowires were obtained by depositing copper and post-growth processing under H2S between 100 and 500 °C. These consist mainly of tetragonal rutile SnO2 and cubic bixbyite In2O3. We observe photoluminescence at 3.65 eV corresponding to band edge emission from SnO2 quantum dots in the Cu2SnS3/SnO2 nanowires due to electrostatic confinement. The Cu2SnS3/SnO2 nanowires assemblies had resistances of 100 Ω similar to CuInS2/In2O3 nanowires which exhibited photoluminescence at 3.0 eV.

  11. Switching properties of SrRuO3/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/SrRuO3 capacitor grown on Cu-coated Si substrate measured at various temperatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, J. H.; Liu, B. T.; Li, C. R.; Li, X. H.; Dai, X. H.; Guo, J. X.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y. L.; Zhao, Q. X.; Ma, L. X.

    2014-09-01

    SrRuO3(SRO)/Ni-Al/Cu/Ni-Al/SiO2/Si heterostructures annealed at various temperatures are found to remain intact after 750 \\circ\\text{C} annealing. Moreover, a SRO/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 (PZT)/SRO capacitor is grown on a Ni-Al/Cu/Ni-Al/SiO2/Si heterostructure, which is tested up to 100 \\circ\\text{C} to investigate the reliability of the memory capacitor. It is found that besides the good fatigue resistance and retention characteristic, the capacitor, measured at 5 V and room temperature, possesses a large remnant polarization of 25.0 μ \\text{C/cm}2 and a small coercive voltage of 0.83 V, respectively. Its dominant leakage current behavior satisfies the space-charge-limited conduction at various temperatures. Very clear interfaces can be observed from the cross-sectional images of transmission electron microscopy, indicating that the Ni-Al film can be used as a diffusion barrier layer for copper metallization as well as a conducting barrier layer between copper and oxide layer.

  12. Anatase-TiO{sub 2} nanocoating of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} nanorod anode for lithium-ion batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Ming-ming, E-mail: chmm@tju.edu.cn; Sun, Xin; Qiao, Zhi-jun; Ma, Qian-qian; Wang, Cheng-yang

    2014-07-15

    Highlights: • TiO{sub 2}-coated LTO was in-situ prepared via a microemulsion-assisted hydrothermal route. • Anatase-TiO{sub 2} coating layer enhances the electrochemical performance of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. • The as-prepared sample presents high-rate capability and cyclic stability. - Abstract: Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} nanorod coated by anatase-TiO{sub 2} is in situ synthesized via a microemulsion-assisted hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment at 550 °C in air. Compared with pure Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}, Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} nanorod coated by anatase-TiO{sub 2} presents much improved electrochemical characteristics in terms of high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and cyclic stability (96.0% of initial capacity at a current density of 1.75 A g{sup −1} up to 100 cycles). Acting as a perfect nanocoating layer, anatase-TiO{sub 2} contributes some capacity and gives an enhanced performance to the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} electrode. All the results suggest that Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} nanorod coated by anatase-TiO{sub 2} could be suitable for use as a high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

  13. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the CsCuCl3, Cs2CuCl4 and Cs2CuCl4x2H2O crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soboleva, L.V.; Vasil'eva, M.G.

    1977-01-01

    The thermal characteristics of crystals of Cs 2 CuCl 4 , Cs 2 CuCl 4 x2H 2 O, and CsCuCl 3 were investigated thermogravimetrically. The derivatogram of the Cs 2 CuCl 4 crystal is characterized by the presence of a single endothermal effect at 505 deg C. The derivatogram of the Cs 2 CuCl 4 x2H 2 O crystal contains three endothermal effects: at 40, 135, and 480 deg C. The derivatogram of the CsCuCl 3 crystal shows the presence of two endothermal effects at 142 and 455 deg C. The thermogravimetric data on Cs 2 CuCl 4 and CsCuCl 3 crystals reveal crystal decomposition on melting; hence, these crystals cannot be grown from melts

  14. Hydrothermal synthesis, structures and optical properties of A2Zn3(SeO3)4·XH2O (A=Li, Na, K; X=2 or 0)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Yunsheng; Mei, Dajiang; Xu, Jingli; Wu, Yuandong

    2015-12-01

    New alkali metal zinc selenites, A2Zn3(SeO3)4·XH2O (A=Li, Na, K; X=2 or 0) were prepared through hydrothermal reactions. Li2Zn3(SeO3)4·2H2O (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with lattice parameters a=8.123(4), b=9.139(4), c=7.938(3) Å, β=112.838(9)°. Na2Zn3(SeO3)4·2H2O (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with lattice parameters a=15.7940(18), b=6.5744(8), c=14.6787(17) Å, β=107.396(3)°. K2Zn3(SeO3)4 (3) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with lattice parameters a=11.3584(12), b=8.6091(9), c=13.6816(14) Å, β=93.456(2)°. The anionic structures are composed of [Zn3O12]18- sheets, chains, and "isolated" units in compound 1, 2, 3, respectively, and trigonal pyramids SeO32-. The compounds were characterized by the solid state UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis.

  15. Processing of La(1.8)Sr(0.2)CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films by dual-ion-beam sputtering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Madakson, P.; Cuomo, J. J.; Yee, D. S.; Roy, R. A.; Scilla, G.

    1988-03-01

    High-quality La(1.8)Sr(0.2)CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films, with zero resistance at 88 K, have been made by dual-ion-beam sputtering of metal and oxide targets at elevated temperatures. The films are about 1.0 micron thick and are single phase after annealing. The substrates investigated are Nd-YAP, MgO, SrF2, Si, CaF2, ZrO2-(9 pct)Y2O3, BaF2, Al2O3, and SrTiO3. Characterization of the films was carried out using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, TEM, X-ray diffraction, and SIMS. Substrate/film interaction was observed in every case. This generally involves diffusion of the substrate into the film, which is accompanied by, for example, the replacement of Ba by Sr in the YBa2Cu2O7 structure, in the case of SrTiO3 substrate. The best substrates were those that did not significantly diffuse into the film and which did not react chemically with the film.

  16. Dosimetric and thermoluminescent characteristics of sintered samples based on Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}nSiO{sub 2} systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cogollo P, R.; Salcedo Q, J. [Universidad de Cordoba, Materials and Applied Physics Group, Carrera 6 No. 76-103, Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia); Gutierrez F, O., E-mail: rafaelcogollo@correo.unicordoba.edu.co [Metropolitan Technological Institute, Alquimia Group, Calle 54 No. 30-01, Medellin (Colombia)

    2013-10-01

    This work describes the thermoluminescent (Tl) characteristics of lithium aluminosilicates, Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}nSiO{sub 2}, for its possible use as Tl dosimeter for low doses. The sinterized tablets of Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}nSiO{sub 2} were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and irradiated at different doses using a Theratron 780 C-{sup 60}Co unit in air at room temperature. The Rasheedy's technique was used for the kinetic trap parameters determination. The XRD results show a mixture of two phases of 64% {beta}-spodumene and 36% {beta}-eucryptite in the sinterized tablets. Tl analysis indicates that in these systems, recombination processes prevail, and that these systems can be used successfully as Tl dosimeters for therapeutic dose ranges. (Author)

  17. Considerable photoluminescence enhancement of LiEu(MoO4)2 red phosphors via Bi and/or Si doping for white LEDs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Qing-Feng; Liu, Ying; Wang, Yu; Wang, Wenxi; Wan, Yi; Wang, Gui-Gen; Lu, Zhou-Guang

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Doping of Bi and Si into the lattice leads to an considerable increase of the excitation efficiency and luminous intensity, and obvious movement of the CIE chromaticity coordinates to the NTSC standard values of the LiEu(MoO 4 ) 2 , a promising red phosphors suitable for near UV excited white-light emitting diodes. - Highlights: • High performance red phosphors for near UV light excited white LEDs. • Lithium lanthanide molybdate red phosphors. • Bi and Si substitution. • Considerable enhancement of luminescence intensity and excitation efficiency. • CIE chromaticity coordinates very close to the NTSC standard values. - Abstract: Novel Bi and/or Si substituted LiEu(MoO 4 ) 2 phosphors, where Bi was used as sensitizer to enhance the emission intensity and Si was used as substitution to improve the excitation efficiency, were prepared using the sol–gel method, and the photoluminescent properties of the resulting phosphors were intensively investigated. All samples can be excited efficiently by UV (395 nm) light and emit bright red light at 614 nm, which are coupled well with the characteristic emission from a UV-LED. In the Bi 3+ -doped samples, the intensities of the main emission line ( 5 D 0 – 7 F 2 transition at 614 nm) are strengthened because of the energy transition from Bi 3+ to Eu 3+ . With the substitution of Mo 4+ by Si 4+ , there are no significant changes in the emission peak positions, but the emission intensity was significantly enhanced under 395 nm excitation. Particularly, the LiEu 0.9 Bi 0.1 (Mo 0.97 Si 0.03 O 4 ) 2 phosphor doped with both Bi and Si demonstrates superior comprehensive photoluminescence properties with an excellent combination of easy excitation in the near UV range, bright emission intensity, high PL quantum efficiency as well as suitable decay time, which are very suitable for application as red phosphor for near UV type LEDs

  18. Fluorocarbon based atomic layer etching of Si_3N_4 and etching selectivity of SiO_2 over Si_3N_4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Chen; Metzler, Dominik; Oehrlein, Gottlieb S.; Lai, Chiukin Steven; Hudson, Eric A.

    2016-01-01

    Angstrom-level plasma etching precision is required for semiconductor manufacturing of sub-10 nm critical dimension features. Atomic layer etching (ALE), achieved by a series of self-limited cycles, can precisely control etching depths by limiting the amount of chemical reactant available at the surface. Recently, SiO_2 ALE has been achieved by deposition of a thin (several Angstroms) reactive fluorocarbon (FC) layer on the material surface using controlled FC precursor flow and subsequent low energy Ar"+ ion bombardment in a cyclic fashion. Low energy ion bombardment is used to remove the FC layer along with a limited amount of SiO_2 from the surface. In the present article, the authors describe controlled etching of Si_3N_4 and SiO_2 layers of one to several Angstroms using this cyclic ALE approach. Si_3N_4 etching and etching selectivity of SiO_2 over Si_3N_4 were studied and evaluated with regard to the dependence on maximum ion energy, etching step length (ESL), FC surface coverage, and precursor selection. Surface chemistries of Si_3N_4 were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after vacuum transfer at each stage of the ALE process. Since Si_3N_4 has a lower physical sputtering energy threshold than SiO_2, Si_3N_4 physical sputtering can take place after removal of chemical etchant at the end of each cycle for relatively high ion energies. Si_3N_4 to SiO_2 ALE etching selectivity was observed for these FC depleted conditions. By optimization of the ALE process parameters, e.g., low ion energies, short ESLs, and/or high FC film deposition per cycle, highly selective SiO_2 to Si_3N_4 etching can be achieved for FC accumulation conditions, where FC can be selectively accumulated on Si_3N_4 surfaces. This highly selective etching is explained by a lower carbon consumption of Si_3N_4 as compared to SiO_2. The comparison of C_4F_8 and CHF_3 only showed a difference in etching selectivity for FC depleted conditions. For FC accumulation conditions

  19. Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Sr2RuO4 heterostructures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schlom, D.G.; Merritt, B.A.; Madhavan, S.

    1997-01-01

    The anisotropic oxide superconductors YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ and Sr 2 RuO 4 have been epitaxially combined in various ways (c-axis on c-axis, c-axis on a-axis, and a-axis on a-axis) though the use of appropriate substrates. Phase-pure a-axis oriented or c-axis oriented epitaxial Sr 2 RuO 4 films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ films were then grown on both orientations of Sr 2 RuO 4 films and the resulting epitaxy was characterized

  20. Synthesis and characterization of CCTO (CaCu3Ti4O12)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandes, T.S.M.; Silva, M.A.S. da; Simao, S.H.C.; Silva, C.C.; Sombra, A.S.B.; Sales, J.C.

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this work is to study the ceramic material CCTO (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) by X-Ray Diffraction. The CCTO is a material with a giant dielectric constant at room temperature and good temperature stability over a wide temperature and frequency ranges. The preparation method has a great influence on the structure and dielectric properties of this material. The CCTO was prepared by solid state method in a planetary high energy ball milling (Fritsch Pulverisette 5). Stoichiometric quantities of CaCO 3 (Aldrich 99%), TiO 2 (Merck 99%) and CuO (Analar 98%) were dry milled during 30h with a rotational speed of 370 rpm and then calcined at 1050 deg C for 12h. After, the CCTO was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement showed that the CCTO was formed with 100% mass, the graph of Williamson-Hall showed a homogeneous sample, with a contraction in the crystal lattice and a reasonably small particle size. (author)

  1. Characterization of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics synthesized by semi-wet route

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pooja Gautam

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (BCTO ceramic was synthesized by the semi-wet route using metal nitrate solutions and solid TiO2 powder in a stoichiometric ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR study of BCTO precursor powder and calcined ceramic showed the presence of alcoholic functional groups and the stretching band of Ti-O and Cu-O respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX were employed to characterize the structure, surface morphology and purity of the sintered BCTO ceramic respectively. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the single phase formation of BCTO ceramic at 1073 K. The average dimension of grains calculated by SEM and AFM was found to be in the range of 0.73±0.2 µm with clear grain boundaries. Magnetic property was investigated over a wide temperature range 2–300 K at a magnetic field of 7 tesla. The Curie temperature was calculated by zero field cooled (MZFC and field cooled (MFC magnetization at 100 Oe applied field which was found to be 125 K. The sintered BCTO ceramic shows high dielectric constant (ε'=2.9×104 at 323 K and 100 Hz.

  2. Interfacial microstructure of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} brazing joint with Cu-Zn-Ti filler alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, J. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)], E-mail: hitzhangjie@hit.edu.cn; Zhang, X.M.; Zhou, Y. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China); Naka, M. [Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan); Svetlana, Atroshenko [Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint-Petersburg State University (Russian Federation)

    2008-11-15

    In this study, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic was jointed by a brazing technique with a Cu-Zn-Ti filler alloy. The interfacial microstructure between Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic and filler alloy in the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} joint was observed and analyzed by using electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that there are two reaction layers at the ceramic/filler interface in the joint, which was obtained by brazing at a temperature and holding time of 1223 K and 15 min, respectively. The layer nearby the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic is a TiN layer with an average grain size of 100 nm, and the layer nearby the filler alloy is a Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}N{sub x} layer with an average grain size of 1-2 {mu}m. Thickness of the TiN and Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}N{sub x} layers is about 1 {mu}m and 10 {mu}m, respectively. The formation mechanism of the reaction layers was discussed. A model showing the microstructure from Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic to filler alloy in the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} joint was provided as: Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic/TiN reaction layer/Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}N{sub x} reaction layer/Cu-Zn solution.

  3. Sodium storage capability of spinel Li4Mn5O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Jiaolong; Wang, Wenhui; Li, Yingshun; Yu, Denis Y.W.

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Electrochemical behavior of spinel Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 is examined in Na-ion battery. • A capacity of 120.7 mAh g −1 is obtained during the first sodiation process. • Na storage performance is found to be strongly dependent on particle size. • Ion-exchange between Li ions and Na ions occurs in Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 structure upon cycling. • Loss of crystallinity with cycling, leading to capacity fading. - Abstract: Spinel Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 , a well-known 3 V Li-ion battery (LIB) material with excellent cycling stability and good rate capability, is examined as Na-ion battery (NIB) cathode for the first time. Electrochemical studies clearly show that Na ions can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from the three-dimensional spinel structure. However, unlike in LIB, the available capacity in NIB is strongly dependent on the particle size and current rate due to the sluggish Na-ion transport in solid phase. Cycle performance of Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 in NIB is also inferior to that in LIB. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction study indicates a gradual loss of crystallinity with cycling, and that the crystal lattice undergoes an irreversible expansion during the initial 20 cycles. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy shows a decrease of Li/Mn ratio in Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 with cycling. The results suggest that Li ions are removed from the material during the charging process. The charge-discharge mechanism is also discussed in the paper.

  4. Compatibility behavior of beryllium with LiAlO2 and Li2ZrO3 ceramics, with 316L and 1.4914 steels in Sibelius

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Flament, T.; Roux, N.; Abassin, J.J.; Briec, M.; Cruz, D.; Schuster, I.

    1991-01-01

    The compatibility under irradiation of beryllium with Li 2 O, LiAlO 2 , Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 ZrO 3 ceramics and with 316L and 1.4914 steels was investigated in SIBELIUS. The irradiation was performed in the SILOE reactor at 550 deg C for 1690 hours in He + 0.1%H 2 purge pas. Examinations of the LiAlO 2 /Be and Li 2 ZrO 3 /Be couples show a weak oxidation of beryllium and the presence of cavities near the interface with ceramics. Examinations of the 316L/Be and 1.4914/Be couples show the formation of an oxide layer on all beryllium and steel surfaces suggesting that corrosion arises from a species (most likely T 2 O and/or H 2 O) present in the environmental atmosphere. Post-irradiation annealing tests of beryllium indicate that the major part of helium is released during irradiation whereas the major part of tritium is released above 700 deg C

  5. Magnetic properties and phase transitions in LiCu_2O2 by ^7Li NMR

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caldwell, Tod; Moulton, William G.; Reyes, Arneil P.; Kuhns, Phillip L.; Cao, Gang; Xin, Yiu; Crow, Jack E.

    2001-03-01

    LiCu_2O2 is a compound with double chain Cu^2+ copper ions separated in pairs by Li and Cu^1+ that forms a spin ladder or zig-zag chain system depending on the relative J's. The orthorhombic single crystals are highly twinned as determined by TEM. Magnetization and specific heat show ladder behavior above a transition near 25 K, suggestive of a first order transition from specific heat data. ^7Li NMR spectra show a 0.16%,(c-axis)nearly temperature independent shift above the transition, and is nearly an order of magnitude smaller perpendicular, with a dramatic increase at 24.3 K. At 24.3 the spectrum broadens and splits into 6 (not fully resolved) lines, maximum splitting 0.2 T, clearly indicating the presence of a static internal field due to some AF spin arrangement. The splitting is temperature independent below 23 K, unusual for an AF.The large shift of the spectrum center below the transition may indicate large spin fluctuations. No evidence of a second transition at 9 K observed in the specific heat and magnetization are found in the NMR data. The results for the quadrupole parameters and the possible spin configurations will be presented.

  6. The formal combination of three singlet biradicaloid entities to a singlet hexaradicaloid metalloid Ge14[Si(SiMe3)3]5[Li(THF)2]3 cluster.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schenk, Christian; Kracke, Andreas; Fink, Karin; Kubas, Adam; Klopper, Wim; Neumaier, Marco; Schnöckel, Hansgeorg; Schnepf, Andreas

    2011-03-02

    The reaction of GeBr with LiSi(SiMe(3))(3) leads to the metalloid cluster compound [(THF)(2)Li](3)Ge(14)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](5) (1). After the introduction of a first cluster of this type, in which 14 germanium atoms form an empty polyhedron, [(THF)(2)Li](3)Ge(14)[Ge(SiMe(3))(3)](5) (2), we present here further investigations on 1 to obtain preliminary insight into its chemical and bonding properties. The molecular structure of 1 is determined via X-ray crystal structure solution using synchrotron radiation. The electronic structure of the Ge(14) polyhedron is further examined by quantum chemical calculations, which indicate that three singlet biradicaloid entities formally combine to yield the singlet hexaradicaloid character of 1. Moreover, the initial reactions of 1 after elimination of the [Li(THF)(2)](+) groups by chelating ligands (e.g., TMEDA or 12-crown-4) are presented. Collision induced dissociation experiments in the gas phase, employing FT-ICR mass spectrometry, lead to the elimination of the singlet biradicaloid Ge(5)H(2)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](2) cluster. The unique multiradicaloid bonding character of the metalloid cluster 1 might be used as a model for reactions and properties in the field of surface science and nanotechnology.

  7. Effect of flux on the composition and luminescent properties of Ca{sub 0.68}Mg{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 3}:0.12Eu{sup 3+} red phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Jin shan [College of Material Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan (China); Zhu, Da-chuan, E-mail: zdc89@163.com [College of Material Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan (China); Zheng, Qi [College of Material Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan (China); Han, Tao [Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, Chongqing (China)

    2016-11-15

    Ca{sub 0.68}Mg{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 3}:0.12Eu{sup 3+} red-emitting phosphor was synthesized via one-step calcination process of the precursor prepared by chemical coprecipitation with different fluxes. Then X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrophotometry were adopted to investigate the structure and luminescent properties of Ca{sub 0.68}Mg{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 3}:0.12Eu{sup 3+}. The results indicated that adding fluxes increased the crystalline significantly while the phase composition of samples was not changed. Furthermore, the fluxes improved the intensity of emission peak and the quantum efficiency greatly. With the concentration of flux (Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} or K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}) increasing, the emission intensity of Ca{sub 0.68}Mg{sub 0.2}SiO{sub 3}:0.12Eu{sup 3+} firstly increased and then decreased. Meanwhile, red-shift phenomenon was observed in the emission spectra. The optimal adding fraction of Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} was 6% and 5% respectively, and the luminous intensity of samples calcined with the optimum adding amount of Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} is 42 and 48 times that of the samples without flux. K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} showed a better effect on improving the emission intensity of the phosphors than Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}.

  8. Li diffusion and the effect of local structure on Li mobility in Li2O-SiO2 glasses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bauer, Ute; Welsch, Anna-Maria; Behrens, Harald; Rahn, Johanna; Schmidt, Harald; Horn, Ingo

    2013-12-05

    Aimed to improve the understanding of lithium migration mechanisms in ion conductors, this study focuses on Li dynamics in binary Li silicate glasses. Isotope exchange experiments and conductivity measurements were carried out to determine self-diffusion coefficients and activation energies for Li migration in Li2Si3O7 and Li2Si6O13 glasses. Samples of identical composition but different isotope content were combined for diffusion experiments in couples or triples. Diffusion profiles developed between 511 and 664 K were analyzed by femtosecond laser ablation combined with multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (fs LA-MC-ICP-MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Analyses of diffusion profiles and comparison of diffusion data reveal that the isotope effect of lithium diffusion in silicate glasses is rather small, consistent with classical diffusion behavior. Ionic conductivity of glasses was measured between 312 and 675 K. The experimentally obtained self-diffusion coefficient, D(IE), and ionic diffusion coefficient, D(σ), derived from specific DC conductivity provided information about correlation effects during Li diffusion. The D(IE)/D(σ) is higher for the trisilicate (0.27 ± 0.05) than that for the hexasilicate (0.17 ± 0.02), implying that increasing silica content reduces the efficiency of Li jumps in terms of long-range movement. This trend can be rationalized by structural concepts based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy as well as molecular dynamic simulations, that is, lithium is percolating in low-dimensional, alkali-rich regions separated by a silica-rich matrix.

  9. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of polycrystalline CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mozzati, Maria Cristina [INFM-Dipartimento di Fisica ' Alessandro Volta' , Universita di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Azzoni, Carlo Bruno [INFM-Dipartimento di Fisica ' Alessandro Volta' , Universita di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Capsoni, Doretta [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Bini, Marcella [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy); Massarotti, Vincenzo [Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ' Mario Rolla' , Universita di Pavia and IENI-CNR, Sezione di Pavia, viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia (Italy)

    2003-11-05

    Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on pure polycrystalline CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} have been performed and are discussed within a crystal-field approach. A symmetric signal centred at g = 2.15 is observed for T>25 K, with no evidence of hyperfine structure. At this temperature an antiferromagnetic transition is observed as confirmed by static magnetization data. Cu defective and 2% doped (V, Cr, Mn, La) samples were also prepared and considered, mainly to understand the nature of the observed paramagnetic centre. Substitutions in the octahedral sites, causing variations of the configuration in CuO{sub 4}-TiO{sub 6}-CuO{sub 4} complexes, change the magnetic and EPR features. To justify the EPR response a strong copper-hole delocalization is suggested.

  10. Solid State Formation Mechanism of Li4Ti5O12 from an Anatase TiO2 Source

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Shen, Yanbin; Søndergaard, Martin; Christensen, Mogens

    2014-01-01

    Solid state synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 anode material for Li ion batteries typically results in products containing rutile TiO2 and Li2TiO3 impurities, and subsequent high calcination temperatures lead to particle growth that reduces capacity and rate ability. Here, the formation and growth of Li4Ti5O......12 particles by a solid-state reaction using anatase TiO2 with various crystallite sizes and Li2CO3 is investigated by in situ high temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HT-PXRD) and thermal gravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The combined data provide insight into the origin...... crystallite sizes (∼50 nm, ∼30 nm, ∼20 nm, and amorphous) were explored, and decreasing crystallite sizes causes a reduced initial reaction temperature. Using anatase with a crystallite size of ∼20 nm resulted in phase pure Li4Ti5O12 at the lowest temperature (800 °C). PXRD and TG-DTA results also revealed...

  11. Attikaite, Ca3Cu2Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 2H2O, a new mineral species

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chukanov, N. V.; Pekov, I. V.; Zadov, A. E.

    2007-12-01

    Attikaite, a new mineral species, has been found together with arsenocrandalite, arsenogoyazite, conichalcite, olivenite, philipsbornite, azurite, malachite, carminite, beudantite, goethite, quartz, and allophane at the Christina Mine No. 132, Kamareza, Lavrion District, Attiki Prefecture (Attika), Greece. The mineral is named after the type locality. It forms spheroidal segregations (up to 0.3 mm in diameter) consisting of thin flexible crystals up to 3 × 20 × 80 μm in size. Its color is light blue to greenish blue, with a pale blue streak. The Mohs’ hardness is 2 to 2.5. The cleavage is eminent mica-like parallel to {001}. The density is 3.2(2) g/cm3 (measured in heavy liquids) and 3.356 g/cm3 (calculated). The wave numbers of the absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of attikaite are (cm-1; sh is shoulder; w is a weak band): 3525 sh, 3425, 3180, 1642, 1120 w, 1070 w, 1035 w, 900 sh, 874, 833, 820, 690 w, 645 w, 600 sh, 555, 486, 458, and 397. Attikaite is optically biaxial, negative, α = 1.642(2), β = γ = 1.644(2) ( X = c) 2 V means = 10(8)°, and 2 V calc = 0°. The new mineral is microscopically colorless and nonpleochroic. The chemical composition (electron microprobe, average over 4 point analyses, wt %) is: 0.17 MgO, 17.48 CaO, 0.12 FeO, 16.28 CuO, 10.61 Al2O3, 0.89 P2O5, 45.45 As2O5, 1.39 SO3, and H2O (by difference) 7.61, where the total is 100.00. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of (O,OH,H2O)22 is: Ca2.94Cu{1.93/2+} Al1.97Mg0.04Fe{0.02/2+} [(As3.74S0.16P0.124.02O16.08](OH)3.87 · 2.05H2 O. The simplified formula is Ca3Cu2Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 2H2O. Attikaite is orthorhombic, space group Pban, Pbam or Pba2; the unit-cell dimensions are a = 10.01(1), b = 8.199(5), c = 22.78(1) Å, V = 1870(3) Å3, and Z = 4. In the result of the ignition of attikaite for 30 to 35 min at 128 140°, the H2O bands in the IR spectrum disappear, while the OH-group band is not modified; the weight loss is 4.3%, which approximately corresponds to two H2O

  12. Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 Nanorods as Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

    KAUST Repository

    Kim, Do Kyung

    2008-11-12

    Spinel LiMn 2O 4 is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly abundant material for Li-ion battery cathodes. Here, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline β-MnO 2 nanorods and their chemical conversion into free-standing single-crystalline LiMn 2O 4 nanorods using a simple solid-state reaction. The LiMn 2O 4 nanorods have an average diameter of 130 nm and length of 1.2 μm. Galvanostatic battery testing showed that LiMn 2O 4 nanorods have a high charge storage capacity at high power rates compared with commercially available powders. More than 85% of the initial charge storage capacity was maintained for over 100 cycles. The structural transformation studies showed that the Li ions intercalated into the cubic phase of the LiMn 2O 4 with a small change of lattice parameter, followed by the coexistence of two nearly identical cubic phases in the potential range of 3.5 to 4.3V. © 2008 American Chemical Society.

  13. Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 Nanorods as Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

    KAUST Repository

    Kim, Do Kyung; Muralidharan, P.; Lee, Hyun-Wook; Ruffo, Riccardo; Yang, Yuan; Chan, Candace K.; Peng, Hailin; Huggins, Robert A.; Cui, Yi

    2008-01-01

    Spinel LiMn 2O 4 is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and highly abundant material for Li-ion battery cathodes. Here, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of single-crystalline β-MnO 2 nanorods and their chemical conversion into free-standing single-crystalline LiMn 2O 4 nanorods using a simple solid-state reaction. The LiMn 2O 4 nanorods have an average diameter of 130 nm and length of 1.2 μm. Galvanostatic battery testing showed that LiMn 2O 4 nanorods have a high charge storage capacity at high power rates compared with commercially available powders. More than 85% of the initial charge storage capacity was maintained for over 100 cycles. The structural transformation studies showed that the Li ions intercalated into the cubic phase of the LiMn 2O 4 with a small change of lattice parameter, followed by the coexistence of two nearly identical cubic phases in the potential range of 3.5 to 4.3V. © 2008 American Chemical Society.

  14. A new, high energy rechargeable lithium ion battery with a surface-treated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode and a nano-structured Li4Ti5O12 anode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Xiaoyu; Huang, Tao; Yu, Aishui

    2015-01-01

    Through elaborate design, a new rechargeable lithium ion battery has been developed by comprising a surface-treated Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode and a nano-structured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode. After precondition Na 2 S 2 O 8 treatment, the initial coulombic efficiency of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode has been significantly increased and can be compatible with that of the nano-structured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode. The optimization of structure and morphology for both active electrode materials result in their remarkable electrochemical performances in respective lithium half-cells. Ultimately, the rechargeable lithium ion full battery consisting of both electrodes delivers a specific capacity of 99.0 mAh g −1 and a practical energy density of 201 Wh kg −1 , based on the total weight of both active electrode materials. Furthermore, as a promising candidate in the lithium ion battery field, this full battery also achieves highly attractive electrochemical performance with high coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate capability. Thus the proposed battery displays broad practical application prospects for next generation of high-energy lithium ion battery. - Highlights: • The Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode is surface-treated by Na 2 S 2 O 8 . • The nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode is obtained by a solid-state method. • A new Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 /Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 lithium ion battery is developed. • The battery shows high coulombic efficiency, specific capacity and energy density. • The battery shows high capacity retention rate and good high-rate capability

  15. Systems Li2B4O7 (Na2B4O7, K2B4O7)-N2H3H4OH-H2O at 25 deg C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Skvortsov, V.G.; Sadetdinov, Sh.V.; Akimov, V.M.; Mitrasov, Yu.N.; Petrova, O.V.; Klopov, Yu.N.

    1994-01-01

    Phase equilibriums in the Li 2 B 4 O 7 (Na 2 B 4 O 7 , K 2 B 4 O 7 )-N 2 H 3 H 4 OH-H 2 O systems were investigated by methods of isothermal solubility, refractometry and PH-metry at 25 deg C for the first time. Lithium and sodium tetraborates was established to form phases of changed composition mM 2 B 4 O 7 ·nN 2 H 3 C 2 H 4 OH·XH 2 O, where M=Li, Na with hydrazine ethanol. K 2 B 4 O 7 ·4H 2 O precipitates in solid phase in the case of potassium salt. Formation of isomorphous mixtures was supported by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy methods

  16. Thermal expansion of lanthanum silicate oxyapatite (La9.33+2x(SiO4)6O2+3x), lanthanum oxyorthosilicate (La2SiO5) and lanthanum sorosilicate (La2Si2O7)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukuda, Koichiro; Asaka, Toru; Uchida, Tomohiro

    2012-01-01

    Four types of powder specimens of La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 (space group P6 3 /m and Z=1), La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x with 0.06≤x≤0.13 (P6 3 /m and Z=1), La 2 SiO 5 (P2 1 /c and Z=4) and La 2 Si 2 O 7 (P2 1 /c and Z=4) were examined by high-temperature X-ray powder diffractometry to determine the changes in unit-cell dimensions up to 1473 K. The anisotropy of thermal expansion was demonstrated for the former two crystals to clarify the thermal behaviors of the highly c-axis-oriented polycrystals. With La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 , the linear expansion coefficient of the a-axis (α a ) was 4.8×10 −6 K −1 and that of the c-axis (α c ) was 1.8×10 −6 K −1 in the temperature range from 298 to 1473 K. The α a - and α c -values of La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (0.06≤x≤0.13) were, respectively, 5.9×10 −6 K −1 and 2.3×10 −6 K −1 . The coefficients of mean linear thermal expansion were 4.9×10 −6 K −1 for La 2 SiO 5 and 6.0×10 −6 K −1 for La 2 Si 2 O 7 , which describe the thermal expansion behaviors of the randomly grain-oriented polycrystalline materials. - Graphical abstarct: Temperature dependence of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). The linear CTE along the a-axes for La 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 and La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x with 0.06≤x≤0.13. The mean linear CTE for La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 . Highlights: ► We examined the thermal expansion of La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (x=0 and 0.06≤x≤0.13), La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7 ► Unit-cell dimensions were determined up to 1473 K by high-temperature X-ray diffraction ► Anisotropic expansion was clarified for La 9.33+2x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2+3x (x=0 and 0.06≤x≤0.13) ► Mean linear thermal expansion was determined for La 2 SiO 5 and La 2 Si 2 O 7.

  17. Theoretical investigation of the Fermi surface of La2-xSrxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Antonov, V.N.; Antonov, V.N.; Bar'yakhtar, V.G.

    1989-01-01

    The theoretical investigation of both the Fermi surface (FS) form and isoenergetic surfaces near the Fermi energy of La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 is carried out by selfconsistent LMTO/method in an atomic sphere approximation. The FS of these compounds is established to have an essential two-dimensional character. The FS La 2 CuO 4 is a corrugated rounded box centered in Γ point. The FS YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 consists of four plates: an electron ''cushion'' in Γ point and three embeded hole surfaces centered in S point. In this case the ''cushion'' and one of the hole surfaces are vigorously corrugated along the z-direction. A comparison between both the FS calculated theoretically of La 2 CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and experimental data on electron-positron annihilation is carried out. The electron-rate maps and numerical results of various characteristics, i.e., plate areas, mean rates, mean squares of the rates, partial densities of states for each plate of the FS YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 are given

  18. Theoretical investigation of the Fermi surfaces of La2-xSrxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Antonov, V.N.; Antonov, Vl.N.; Bar'yakhtar, V.G.; Baglyuk, A.I.; Maksimov, E.G.; Nemoshkalenko, V.V.; Perlov, A.Ya.; Savrasov, S.Yu.; Uspenskii, Yu.A.

    1989-01-01

    A theoretical investigation is made of the shape of the Fermi surface and of the constant-energy surfaces near the Fermi energy of the La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 oxides by a self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic sphere approximation (OMTO-ASA). It is shown that the Fermi surfaces of these compounds are strongly two-dimensional. The Fermi surface of La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 is a corrugated rounded box centered at the point Λ. The Fermi surface of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 consists of four sheets: an electron cushion at the point Λ and three nested hole surfaces centered at the point S. The electron cushion and one of the hole surfaces are strongly corrugated along the z direction. The theoretically calculated Fermi surfaces of La 2 CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 are compared with the experimental data on electron-positron annihilation

  19. PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS KOMPOSIT Fe2O3-SiO2 SEBAGAI FOTOKATALIS PADA FOTODEGRADASI 4-KLOROFENOL (The Activity Test of Fe2O3-SiO2 Composite As Photocatalyst on 4-Chlorophenol Photodegradation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eko Sri Kunarti

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRAK  Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas komposit Fe2O3-SiO2 sebagai fotokatalis pada fotodegradasi 4-klorofenol. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi dan karakterisasi fotokatalis Fe2O3-SiO2. Preparasi dilakukan dengan metode sol-gel pada temperatur kamar menggunakan tetraetil ortosilikat (TEOS dan besi (III nitrat sebagai prekursor diikuti dengan perlakuan termal pada temperature 500 oC. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan metode spektrometri inframerah, difraksi sinar-X dan spektrometri fluoresensi sinar-X. Uji aktivitas komposit untuk fotodegradasi 4-klorofenol dilakukan dalam reaktor tertutup yang dilengkapi dengan lampu UV. Pada uji ini telah dipelajari pengaruh waktu penyinaran dan pH larutan terhadap efektivitas fotodegradasi 4-klorofenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit Fe2O3-SiO2 dapat dipreparasi dengan metode sol-gel pada temperatur kamar diikuti perlakuan termal. Komposit Fe2O3-SiO2 dapat meningkatkan efektivitas fotodegradasi 4-klorofenol dari 11,86 % menjadi 55,38 %. Efektivitas fotodegradasi 4- klorofenol dipengaruhi waktu penyinaran dan pH larutan yang semakin lama waktu penyinaran efektifitas fotodegradasi semakin tinggi, namun waktu penyinaran yang lebih lama dari 4 jam dapat menurunkan efektivitasnya. pH larutan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda pada efektivitas fotodegradasi 4-klorofenol.   ABSTRACT The activity test of Fe2O3-SiO2 composite as photocatalyst on 4-chlorophenol photodegradation has been studied. The research was initiated by preparation of Fe2O3-SiO2 photocatalyst and followed by characterization. The preparation was conducted by sol-gel method at room temperature using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS and iron (III nitrate as precursors followed by thermal treatment at a temperature of 500oC. The characterizations were performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD, Infrared and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity test of composites for 4 chlorophenol

  20. Facile Synthesis of Carbon-Coated Spinel Li4Ti5O12/Rutile-TiO2 Composites as an Improved Anode Material in Full Lithium-Ion Batteries with LiFePO4@N-Doped Carbon Cathode.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Ping; Zhang, Geng; Cheng, Jian; You, Ya; Li, Yong-Ke; Ding, Cong; Gu, Jiang-Jiang; Zheng, Xin-Sheng; Zhang, Chao-Feng; Cao, Fei-Fei

    2017-02-22

    The spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /rutile-TiO 2 @carbon (LTO-RTO@C) composites were fabricated via a hydrothermal method combined with calcination treatment employing glucose as carbon source. The carbon coating layer and the in situ formed rutile-TiO 2 can effectively enhance the electric conductivity and provide quick Li + diffusion pathways for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the rate capability and cycling stability of LTO-RTO@C composites were improved in comparison with those of pure Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 or Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /rutile-TiO 2 . Moreover, the potential of approximately 1.8 V rechargeable full lithium-ion batteries has been achieved by utilizing an LTO-RTO@C anode and a LiFePO 4 @N-doped carbon cathode.

  1. Electrochemical performance of high specific capacity of lithium-ion cell LiV3O8//LiMn2O4 with LiNO3 aqueous solution electrolyte

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Mingshu; Zheng Qingyang; Wang Fei; Dai Weimin; Song Xiaoping

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → In this paper, the electrochemical performance of aqueous rechargeable lithium battery with LiV 3 O 8 and LiMn 2 O 4 in saturated LiNO 3 electrolyte is studied. → The electrochemical performance tests show that the specific capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 using as the cathode of ARLB is similar to that of ordinary lithium-ion battery with organic electrolyte, which works much better than the formerly reported. → In addition, the cell systems exhibit good cycling performance. Therefore, it has great potential comparing with other batteries such as lead acid batteries and alkaline manganese batteries. - Abstract: The electrochemical performance of aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) with LiV 3 O 8 and LiMn 2 O 4 in saturated LiNO 3 electrolyte is studied. The results indicate that these two electrode materials are stable in the aqueous solution and no hydrogen or oxygen produced, moreover, intercalation/de-intercalation of lithium ions occurred within the range of electrochemical stability of water. The electrochemical performance tests show that the specific capacity of LiMn 2 O 4 using as the cathode of ARLB is similar to that of ordinary lithium-ion battery with organic electrolyte, which works much better than the formerly reported. In addition, the cell systems exhibit good cycling performance. Therefore, it has great potential comparing with other batteries such as lead acid batteries and alkaline manganese batteries.

  2. Design of flexible PANI-coated CuO-TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure nanofibers with high ammonia sensing response values

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pang, Zengyuan; Nie, Qingxin; Lv, Pengfei; Yu, Jian; Huang, Fenglin; Wei, Qufu

    2017-06-01

    We report a room-temperature ammonia sensor with extra high response values and ideal flexibility, including polyaniline (PANI)-coated titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (TiO2-SiO2) or copper oxide-titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (CuO-TiO2-SiO2) composite nanofibers. Such flexible inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, followed by calcination. Then, in situ polymerization of aniline monomers was carried out with inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers as templates. Gas sensing tests at room temperature indicated that the obtained CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers had much higher response values to ammonia gas (ca. 45.67-100 ppm) than most of those reported before as well as the prepared TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers here. These excellent sensing properties may be due to the P-N, P-P heterojunctions and a structure similar to field-effect transistors formed on the interfaces between PANI, TiO2, and CuO, which is p-type, n-type, and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In addition, the prepared free-standing CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofiber membrane was easy to handle and possessed ideal flexibility, which is promising for potential applications in wearable sensors in the future.

  3. Li2FeSiO4 nanorod as high stability electrode for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, Chun-Han; Shen, Yu-Wen; Chien, Li-Hsuan; Kuo, Ping-Lin

    2015-01-01

    Li 2 FeSiO 4 (LFS) nanorods, with a diameter of 80–100 nm and length of 0.8–1.0 μm, were synthesized successfully from a mixture of LiOH, FeSO 4 , and SiO 2 nanoparticles via a simple hydrothermal process. The secondary structure with micro-sized bundles of nanorods was developed with high crystallinity under the hydrothermal condition of 180 °C for 72 h. Then, sucrose, as carbon source, was coated and carbonized on the surface of the LFS nanorods to fabricate LFS/C nanorod composite. The resulting LFS/C nanorod composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area measurements. When used as the cathode materials for lithium-ion battery, the electrochemical performance of the LFS/C nanorod material delivers discharge capacities of 156 mAh g −1 in the voltage window of 1.8−4.7 V and also demonstrates good cycle stability when it is cycled between 1.8 and 4.1 V. In short, superior electrochemical properties could be caused by the short lithium-ion diffusion path of its nanorod structure

  4. Physicochemical study of properties of complex oxides of the system Li2O-MoO3-SnO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Safonov, V.V.; Chaban, N.G.; Kuz'mina, N.P.; Vashman, A.A.; Petrov, K.I.

    1990-01-01

    By the method of differential thermal analysis using X-ray phase analysis in the Li 2 O-MoO 3 -SnO 2 system (Li 2 Sn(MoO 4 ) 3 -Sn(MoO 4 ) 2 cross section) formation of a new complex of the composition Li 2 Sn 3 (MoO 4 ) 7 incongruently melting at 480 deg C is ascertained. IR, Raman and NMR spectra of Li 4 SnMo 2 O 10 , Li 2 Sn(MoO 4 ) 3 and Li 2 Sn 3 (MoO 4 ) 7 complex oxides are presented. According to 7 Li NMR spectra of Li 4 SnMo 2 O 10 , Li 2 Sn(MoO 4 ) 3 and Li 2 Sn 3 (MoO 4 ) 7 complex are presented. According to 7 Li NMR spectra the value of the lithium diffusion increases in the series Li 4 SnMo 2 O 10 →Li 2 Sn(MoO 4 ) 3Li 2 Sn 3 (MoO 4 ) 7

  5. Electroless Ni-B plating on SiO2 with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane as a barrier layer against Cu diffusion for through-Si via interconnections in a 3-dimensional multi-chip package

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ikeda, Akihiro; Sakamoto, Atsushi; Hattori, Reiji; Kuroki, Yukinori

    2009-01-01

    Electroless Ni-B was plated on SiO 2 as a barrier layer against Cu diffusion for through-Si via (TSV) interconnections in a 3-dimensional multi-chip package. The electroless Ni-B was deposited on the entire area of the SiO 2 side wall of a deep via with vapor phase pre-deposition of 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane on the SiO 2 . The carrier lifetimes in the Si substrates plated with Ni-B/Cu did not decrease with an increase in annealing temperature up to 400 deg. C . The absence of degradation of carrier lifetimes indicates that Cu atoms did not diffuse into the Si through the Ni-B. The advantages of electroless Ni-B (good conformal deposition and forming an effective diffusion barrier against Cu) make it useful as a barrier layer for TSV interconnections in a 3-dimensional multi-chip package

  6. Synthesis and characterization of nano-Li1.95FeSiO4/C composite as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Xiaobing; Chen Honghui; Zhou Shibiao; Chen Yuandao; Yang Jifeng; Ren Yurong; Wang Haiyan; Qu Meizhen; Pan Zhonglai; Yu Zuolong

    2012-01-01

    Li 1.95 FeSiO 4 /C and Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composites were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method and then discussed comparatively through the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method, the charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectra measurement, respectively. The results demonstrated that the Li 1.95 FeSiO 4 /C composite could exhibit much better battery performance in terms of the discharge capacity, cycling stability and rate capability in comparison with the Li 2 FeSiO 4 /C composite. At 0.2C and 5C, it delivered a discharge capacity of 142 mAh g −1 and 93 mAh g −1 , respectively, and after 100 cycles at 1C, 95.1% of its initial capacity was retained.

  7. Hydrogen isotope behavior on Li2TiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olivares, Ryan; Oda, Takuji; Tanaka, Satoru; Oya, Yasuhisa; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko

    2004-01-01

    The surface nature of Li 2 TiO 3 and the adsorption behavior of water on Li 2 TiO 3 surface were studied by XPS/UPS and FT/IR. Preliminary experiments by Ar ion sputtering, heating and water exposure were conducted, and the following results were obtained. (1) By Ar sputtering, Li deficient surface was made, and Ti was reduced from Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ . (2) By heating sputtered samples over 573-673 K, Li emerged on the surface and Ti was re-oxidized to Ti 4+ . The surface -OH was removed. The valence band of Li 2 TiO 3 became similar to that of TiO 2 . (3) By water exposure at 623 K, H 2 O could be adsorbed dissociatively on the surface. LiOH was not formed. (4) The nature of Li 2 TiO 3 surface resembles that of TiO 2 , rather than Li 2 O. (author)

  8. Considerable photoluminescence enhancement of LiEu(MoO{sub 4}){sub 2} red phosphors via Bi and/or Si doping for white LEDs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Qing-Feng [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China); Liu, Ying [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China); Wang, Yu [Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong); Wang, Wenxi; Wan, Yi [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China); Wang, Gui-Gen [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China); Lu, Zhou-Guang [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China)

    2015-03-15

    Graphical abstract: Doping of Bi and Si into the lattice leads to an considerable increase of the excitation efficiency and luminous intensity, and obvious movement of the CIE chromaticity coordinates to the NTSC standard values of the LiEu(MoO{sub 4}){sub 2}, a promising red phosphors suitable for near UV excited white-light emitting diodes. - Highlights: • High performance red phosphors for near UV light excited white LEDs. • Lithium lanthanide molybdate red phosphors. • Bi and Si substitution. • Considerable enhancement of luminescence intensity and excitation efficiency. • CIE chromaticity coordinates very close to the NTSC standard values. - Abstract: Novel Bi and/or Si substituted LiEu(MoO{sub 4}){sub 2} phosphors, where Bi was used as sensitizer to enhance the emission intensity and Si was used as substitution to improve the excitation efficiency, were prepared using the sol–gel method, and the photoluminescent properties of the resulting phosphors were intensively investigated. All samples can be excited efficiently by UV (395 nm) light and emit bright red light at 614 nm, which are coupled well with the characteristic emission from a UV-LED. In the Bi{sup 3+}-doped samples, the intensities of the main emission line ({sup 5}D{sub 0}–{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition at 614 nm) are strengthened because of the energy transition from Bi{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 3+}. With the substitution of Mo{sup 4+} by Si{sup 4+}, there are no significant changes in the emission peak positions, but the emission intensity was significantly enhanced under 395 nm excitation. Particularly, the LiEu{sub 0.9}Bi{sub 0.1}(Mo{sub 0.97}Si{sub 0.03}O{sub 4}){sub 2} phosphor doped with both Bi and Si demonstrates superior comprehensive photoluminescence properties with an excellent combination of easy excitation in the near UV range, bright emission intensity, high PL quantum efficiency as well as suitable decay time, which are very suitable for application as red phosphor for near UV

  9. Strong red-emission of Eu{sup 3+}:Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders for phosphor applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Yan [Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802 (United States); Jiménez, José A. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 (United States); Wu, Yiquan, E-mail: wuy@alfred.edu [Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802 (United States)

    2016-08-15

    The synthesis and photoluminescence properties of trivalent europium doped lithium titanate (Eu{sup 3+}:Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}) with different Eu{sup 3+} concentrations (0.1 mol%, 0.3 mol%, 1.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%) are reported and analyzed as a phosphor. Europium (III) nitrate (Eu(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}) was employed as Eu{sup 3+} source, while lithium acetate dihydrate (CH{sub 3}COOLi·2H{sub 2}O) and titanium n-butoxide (Ti(OC{sub 4}H{sub 9}){sub 4}) were adopted as raw materials to synthesize the host lithium titanate with a Li:Ti stoichiometry of 4.5:1. Phase identification was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eu{sup 3+}:Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders showed strong red emission at 612 nm, corresponding to the {sup 5}D{sub 0}–{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition, with the strongest excitation peak observed in the blue light region at 464 nm. Decay time analyses revealed relatively short lifetimes accompanying typical exponential decay rates. The effect of Eu{sup 3+} concentration (0.1 mol%, 0.3 mol%, 1.0 mol%, 3.0 mol%) on photoluminescence intensity and decay time was explored, and is reported here. It was determined that the CIE color coordinates (0.66, 0.34) of the doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders were independent of Eu{sup 3+} concentration, and that the coordinates are very similar to the ideal red chromaticity (0.67, 0.33) designated by the National Television Standard Committee (NTSC) system.

  10. Synthesis of Cu/SiO2 Core-Shell Particles Using Hyperbranched Polyester as Template and Dispersant

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, Wensong

    2017-07-01

    Third-generation hyperbranched polyester (HBPE3) was synthesized by stepwise polymerization with N, N-diethylol-3-amine methylpropionate as AB2 monomer and pentaerythritol as core molecule. Then, Cu particles were prepared by reduction of copper nitrate with ascorbic acid in aqueous solution using HBPE3 as template. Finally, Cu/SiO2 particles were prepared by coating silica on the surface of Cu particles. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirmed the formation of the silica coating on the surface of Cu and that the Cu/SiO2 particles had spherical shape with particle size in the range of 0.8 μm to 2 μm. Compared with pure Cu, the synthesized Cu/SiO2 core-shell particles exhibited better oxidation resistance at high temperature. Moreover, the oxidation resistance of the Cu/SiO2 particles increased significantly with increasing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) concentration.

  11. Photoconducting and photocapacitance properties of Al/p-CuNiO{sub 2}-on-p-Si isotype heterojunction photodiode

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Elsayed, I.A. [Physics Department, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Salman bin Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia); Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University (Egypt); Çavaş, Mehmet [Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elazig (Turkey); Gupta, R. [Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762 (United States); Fahmy, T. [Physics Department, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Salman bin Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia); Polymer Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University (Egypt); Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Yakuphanoglu, F., E-mail: fyhan@hotmail.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 (Saudi Arabia); Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig (Turkey)

    2015-07-25

    Highlights: • The CuNiO{sub 2} thin film was prepared by sol gel method. • The diode has a high photosensitivity value of 1.02 × 10{sup 3} under 100 mW/cm{sup 2}. • Al/p-Si/CuNiO{sub 2}/Al can used in optoelectronic device applications. - Abstract: Thin film of CuNiO{sub 2} was prepared by sol gel method to fabricate a photodiode. The surface morphology of the CuNiO{sub 2} thin film was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM results indicated that CuNiO{sub 2} film was formed from the nanoparticles and the average size of the nanoparticles was about 115 nm. The optical band gap of CuNiO{sub 2} film was calculated using optical data and was found to be about 2.4 eV. A photodiode having a structure of Al/p-Si/CuNiO{sub 2}/Al was prepared. The electronic parameters such as ideality factor and barrier height of the diode were determined and were obtained to be 8.23 and 0.82 eV, respectively. The interface states properties of the Al/p-Si/CuNiO{sub 2}/Al diode was performed using capacitance–voltage and conductance–voltage characteristics. The series resistance of the Al/p-Si/CuNiO{sub 2}/Al photo diode was observed to be decreasing with increasing frequency. The diode exhibited a photoconducting behavior with a high photosensitivity value of 1.02 × 10{sup 3} under 100 mW/cm{sup 2}. The obtained results indicate that Al/p-Si/CuNiO{sub 2}/Al can used in optoelectronic device applications.

  12. SiO2-coated LiNi0.915Co0.075Al0.01O2 cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Pengfei; Zhang, Zhen; Meng, Huanju; Lu, Yanying; Cao, Jun; Cheng, Fangyi; Tao, Zhanliang; Chen, Jun

    2016-11-24

    We reported a one-step dry coating of amorphous SiO 2 on spherical Ni-rich layered LiNi 0.915 Co 0.075 Al 0.01 O 2 (NCA) cathode materials. Combined characterization of XRD, EDS mapping, and TEM indicates that a SiO 2 layer with an average thickness of ∼50 nm was uniformly coated on the surface of NCA microspheres, without inducing any change of the phase structure and morphology. Electrochemical tests show that the 0.2 wt% SiO 2 -coated NCA material exhibits enhanced cyclability and rate properties, combining with better thermal stability compared with those of pristine NCA. For example, 0.2 wt% SiO 2 -coated NCA delivers a high specific capacity of 181.3 mA h g -1 with a capacity retention of 90.7% after 50 cycles at 1 C rate and 25 °C. Moreover, the capacity retention of this composite at 60 °C is 12.5% higher than that of pristine NCA at 1 C rate after 50 cycles. The effects of SiO 2 coating on the electrochemical performance of NCA are investigated by EIS, CV, and DSC tests, the improved performance is attributed to the surface coating layer of amorphous SiO 2 , which effectively suppresses side reactions between NCA and electrolytes, decreases the SEI layer resistance, and retards the growth of charge-transfer resistance, thus enhancing structural and cycling stability of NCA.

  13. Facile synthesis technology of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C adding H_2O_2 in ball mill process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Min, Xiujuan; Mu, Deying; Li, Ruhong; Dai, Changsong

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Sintering time of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 reduced to 6 hours by adding hydrogen peroxide. • Electrochemical performance of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 was improved by reducing sintering time. • The Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 production process was simplified during material synthesis stage. - Abstract: Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C has stable structure, high theory specific capacity and good safety performance, therefore it has become the research focus of lithium-ion batteries in recent years. The facile synthesis technology of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C was characterized by adding different amounts of H_2O_2. Structure and morphology characteristics were examined by XRD, TG, Raman Spectroscopy, XPS and SEM. Electrochemical performance was investigated by constant current charging and discharging test. The results revealed that the Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C electrochemical performance of adding 15 mL H_2O_2 was better after sintering during 6 h. At the charge cut-off voltage of 4.3 V, the first discharge capacity at 0.2 C rate reached 127 mAh g"−"1. Because of adding H_2O_2 in the ball-mill dispersant, the vanadium pentoxide formed the wet sol. The molecular-leveled mixture increased the homogeneity of raw materials. Therefore, the addition of H_2O_2 shortened the sintering time and significantly improved the electrochemical performance of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C.

  14. New silicate-germanate Cs2Pb2[(Si0.6Ge0.4)2O7] from the series A2Pb2[B2O7], A = K, Cs, B = Si, Ge with the umbrella-like [PbO3]4- group

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belokoneva, Elena L.; Morozov, Ivan A.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.

    2018-04-01

    New silicate-germanate Cs2Pb2[(Si0.6Ge0.4)2O7] was synthesized in multi-components hydrothermal solution with 20 w.% concentration of Cs2CO3 mineralizer, pH = 10. Novel mixed compound belongs to the structure type A2Pb2[B2O7] previously indicated for powders with A = K, B=Si or Ge. Singe crystal structure determination of Cs2Pb2[(Si0.6Ge0.4)2O7] revealed the need for the correction of the space group of the earlier suggested structural model from P-3 to P-3m1, as well as for the splitting of the Pb-atom position. Umbrella-like groups [PbO3]4- are located between [(Si,Ge)O4]4- tetrahedra in mica-like honeycomb layers and play the role of tetrahedra with the Pb-lone-pair as the forth apex. Crystal chemical comparison revealed similarities and differences with the classical structure type of α-celsian Ba[Al2Si2O8] with the tetrahedral double layer. Recently investigated nonlinear optical acentric borates Pb2(BO3)(NO3) and Pb2(BO3)Cl are both related to this structural type, possessing umbrella-like groups [PbO3]4- and honeycomb layers [Pb2(BO3)]+ with the BO3-triangles on the tetrahedral positions.

  15. Epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films on LiNbO3 substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, S.G.; Koren, G.; Gupta, A.; Segmuller, A.; Chi, C.C.

    1989-01-01

    In situ epitaxial growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ thin films on Y-cut LiNbO 3 substrates using a standard laser ablation technique is reported. Resistance of the films shows a normal metallic behavior and a very sharp ( c (R=0) of 92 K. High critical current density of J c (77 K)=2x10 5 A/cm 2 is observed, which is in accordance with epitaxial growth. Film orientation observed from x-ray diffraction spectra indicates that the c axis is normal to the substrate plane and the a axis is at 45 degree to the [11.0] direction of the hexagonal lattice of the substrate with two domains in mirror image to the (110) plane

  16. Li{sub 35}Ln{sub 9}Si{sub 30}N{sub 59}O{sub 2}F with Ln = Ce, Pr - highly condensed nitridosilicates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lupart, Saskia; Durach, Dajana; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Festkoerperchemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (Germany)

    2011-10-15

    The isotypic nitridosilicates Li{sub 35}Ln{sub 9}Si{sub 30}N{sub 59}O{sub 2}F (Ln = Ce, Pr) were synthesized by reaction of LnF{sub 3} and LiN{sub 3} with Si(NH){sub 2} in liquid lithium flux in weld shut tantalum ampoules. The crystal structures of the isotypic compounds were solved and refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (P anti 3c1 (no. 165), Z = 2; Li{sub 35}Ce{sub 9}Si{sub 30}N{sub 59}O{sub 2}F:, a = 1479.9(2), c = 1538.3(3) pm, R{sub 1} = 0.0526, 1671 data, 175 parameters; Li{sub 35}Pr{sub 9}Si{sub 30}N{sub 59}O{sub 2}F: a = 1477.3(2), c = 1533.9(3) pm, R{sub 1} = 0.0441, 1331 data, 175 parameters). The silicate substructure represents a 3D network of all side corner sharing SiN{sub 4} tetrahedra. At one discrete and not condensed mixed anion position an atomic ratio O:F = 2:1 is assumed in order to achieve charge neutrality. With an atomic ratio Si:N = 30:59, the degree of condensation of the silicate substructure is slightly above κ = 1/2. Accordingly, there are triply crosslinking N{sup [3]} atoms in the silicate substructure. The obtained structures prove that by employing the lithium flux technique not only nitridosilicates with a low degree of condensation can be obtained by using rather mild reaction conditions at low temperatures. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  17. Assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on SiO2 monodisperse spheres

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on SiO2 monodisperse spheres. K C BARICK and D BAHADUR*. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,. Mumbai 400 076, India. Abstract. The assembly of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles on submicroscopic SiO2 ...

  18. A basic study on capture and solidification of rare earth nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt using an inorganic composite with Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}- SiO{sub 2}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Na Young; Eum, Hee Chul; Park, Hwan Seo; Ahn, Do Hee [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-03-15

    The pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel generates LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt containing radioactive rare earth nuclides. It is necessary to develop a simple process for the treatment of LiCl-KCl eutectic waste in a hot-cell facility. In this study, capture and solidification of a rare earth nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt using an inorganic composite with a Li{sub 2}OAl{sub 2}O{sub 3}- SiO{sub 2}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} system was conducted to simplify the existing separation and solidification process of rare earth nuclides in LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. More than 98wt% of Nd in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt was captured when the mass ratio of the composite was 0.67 over NdCl3 in the eutectic salt. The content of Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the Nd captured-composite reached about 50wt%, and this composite was directly fabricated into a homogeneous and chemical resistant glass waste in a monolithic form. These results will be utilized in designing a process to simplify the existing separation and solidification process.

  19. Fabrication and electrical properties of metal-oxide semiconductor capacitors based on polycrystalline p-Cu{sub x}O and HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} high-{kappa} stack gate dielectrics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zou Xiao [Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074 (China); Department of Electromachine Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056 (China); Fang Guojia, E-mail: gjfang@whu.edu.c [Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074 (China); Yuan Longyan; Liu Nishuang; Long Hao; Zhao Xingzhong [Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074 (China)

    2010-05-31

    Polycrystalline p-type Cu{sub x}O films were deposited after the growth of HfO{sub 2} dielectric on Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition, and Cu{sub x}O metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} stack gate dielectric were primarily fabricated and investigated. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyze crystalline structure and Cu{sup +}/Cu{sup 2+} ratios of Cu{sub x}O films respectively. SiO{sub 2} interlayer formed between the high-{kappa} dielectric and substrate was estimated by the transmission electron microscope. Results of electrical characteristic measurement indicate that the permittivity of HfO{sub 2} is about 22, and the gate leakage current density of MOS capacitor with 11.3 nm HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} stack dielectrics is {approx} 10{sup -4} A/cm{sup 2}. Results also show that the annealing in N{sub 2} can improve the quality of Cu{sub x}O/HfO{sub 2} interface and thus reduce the gate leakage density.

  20. Searching for “LiCrIIPO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mosymow, E.; Glaum, R.; Kremer, R.K.

    2014-01-01

    The two new phosphates LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 and Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 are discovered as equilibrium phases (ϑ=800 °C) in the quarternary system Li/Cr/P/O. Their crystal structures have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 : violet-blue, Pnma (no. 62), Z=4, a=6.175(1) Å, b=14.316(3) Å, c=10.277(2) Å, 100 parameters, R 1 =0.028, wR 2 =0.08, 2060 unique reflections with F o >4σ(F o ); Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 : greyish-green, P1 ¯ (no. 2), Z=1, a=4.9379(7) Å, b=7.917(2) Å, c=8.426(2) Å, α=109.98(2)°, β=90.71(1)°, γ=104.91(1)°, 131 parameters, R 1 =0.022, wR 2 =0.067, 1594 unique reflections with F o >4σ(F o )). Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 adopts an hitherto unknown structure type. The crystal structure of LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 is isotypic to that of NaCd II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 and related to that of the mineral silicocarnotite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 2 (SiO 4 ). Significant disorder between Li + and Cr 2+ is observed for both crystal structures. The oxidation states assigned to chromium in these two phosphates are in agreement with UV/vis/NIR absorption spectra and magnetic susceptibility data recorded for both compounds. Instead of “LiCr II PO 4 ” mixtures of LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , and CrP are observed at equilibrium. Instead of “Li 2 Cr II P 2 O 7 ” four-phase mixtures consisting of Li 9 Cr III 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Li 3 Cr III 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiCrP 2 O 7 , and CrP were obtained. - Graphical abstract: Investigations on the equilibrium relations in the system Li/Cr/P/O revealed the two hitherto unknown phosphates Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 and LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 . They form instead of “LiCr II PO 4 ”. The crystal structures, magnetic behavior and optical spectra of these phosphates are reported. - Highlights: • The two new phosphates Li 5 Cr II 2 Cr III (PO 4 ) 4 and LiCr II 4 (PO 4 ) 3 have been characterized. • Optical spectra and paramagnetism of

  1. Improvement of photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Y2.9Ce0.1Al5−xSixO12 phosphors with Si3N4 addition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Fangfang; Song, Kaixin; Jiang, Jun; Wu, Song; Zheng, Peng; Huang, Qingming; Xu, Junming; Qin, Huibin

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Y 2.9 Ce 0.1 Al 5−x Si x O 12 phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction in reduced air ambience. • Si 4+ could be incorporated into the host lattice of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 through partial occupation of the Al 3+ sites. • Si 3 N 4 addition can improve photoluminescence efficiency and thermal stability of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce. - Abstract: A series of Si 3 N 4 doping Y 2.9 Ce 0.1 Al 5−x Si x O 123x/2 N 4x/3 phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction in 95%N 2 –5%H 2 reduced air ambience. The XRD characteristics plus Rietveld refinement results shows that the as-sintered powders are unique crystal phase with the same crystal structure of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (PDF No. 79-1891). The N element was not detected by the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS). The photoluminescence spectra (PL and PLE) tests show that the exciting and emitting intensity of PLE and PL gradually increase due to the increase of Si 3 N 4 concentration. Meanwhile, the phosphorescence decay times are prolonged from 45 ns (x = 0) to 78 ns (x = 0.3), under the monitor of 530 nm wavelength. The thermoluminescence tests (TL) confirm the thermal stability of as-phosphors with Si 3 N 4 addition is much better than that of the pristine Y 2.9 Ce 0.1 Al 5 O 12 phosphors

  2. Diffusion phenomena of fluorine and cations in molten Li2BeF4, LiBeF3 and NaBeF3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohno, Hideo

    1984-03-01

    Self-diffusion coefficients of fluorine and cations in molten LiF-BeF 2 and NaF-BeF 2 systems were summarized by the capillary reservoir technique. The diffusion coefficients and the activation energies of cations in these molten salts follow a similar behavior with those of cations in molten alkali halides. On the other hand, self-diffusion of fluorine have unusually high diffusion coefficients and activation energies. The characteristic diffusion phenomena of fluorine in these molten alkali fluoroberyllates are very similar to those of oxygen in molten CaO-SiO 2 and CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 slag. The dynamical behavior of Li and F in molten Li 2 BeF 4 was also analyzed by NMR technique. According to both these experiments, most probable mechanism of characteristic diffusion of fluorine in these molten systems could be dissociation of F atom from complex anion and long distance diffusion. (author)

  3. Simple and efficient synthesis of copper(II)-modified uniform magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell microspheres for immobilization of cellulase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Shi-Kuo; Hou, Xiao-Cheng; Huang, Fang-Zhi; Li, Chuan-Hao; Kang, Wen-Juan; Xie, An-Jian; Shen, Yu-Hua

    2013-11-01

    In this paper, we reported a simple and efficient protocol for preparation of Cu2+-modified magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell microspheres for immobilization of cellulase. The uniform magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell microspheres with a thin shell of 20 nm were synthesized through a solvothermal method followed by a sol-gel process. An amino-terminated silane coupling agent of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) was then grafted on them for capturing Cu2+ ions. The reaction process is very simple, efficient, and economical. Noticeably, the content of Cu2+ ions on the magnetic core/shell microspheres can reach 4.6 Wt%, endowing them possess as high immobilization capacity as 225.5 mg/g for cellulase. And the immobilized cellulase can be retained over 90 % on the magnetic microspheres after six cycles. Meanwhile, the magnetic microspheres decorated with Cu2+ ions show a superparamagnetic character with a high magnetic saturation of 58.5 emu/g at room temperature, suggesting conveniently and rapidly recycle the enzyme from solution. This facile, recyclable, high immobilization capacity and activity strategy may find potential applications in enzyme catalytic reactions with low cost.

  4. Simple and efficient synthesis of copper(II)-modified uniform magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell microspheres for immobilization of cellulase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Shi-Kuo; Hou, Xiao-Cheng; Huang, Fang-Zhi; Li, Chuan-Hao; Kang, Wen-Juan; Xie, An-Jian; Shen, Yu-Hua

    2013-01-01

    In this paper, we reported a simple and efficient protocol for preparation of Cu 2+ -modified magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core/shell microspheres for immobilization of cellulase. The uniform magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core/shell microspheres with a thin shell of 20 nm were synthesized through a solvothermal method followed by a sol–gel process. An amino-terminated silane coupling agent of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) was then grafted on them for capturing Cu 2+ ions. The reaction process is very simple, efficient, and economical. Noticeably, the content of Cu 2+ ions on the magnetic core/shell microspheres can reach 4.6 Wt%, endowing them possess as high immobilization capacity as 225.5 mg/g for cellulase. And the immobilized cellulase can be retained over 90 % on the magnetic microspheres after six cycles. Meanwhile, the magnetic microspheres decorated with Cu 2+ ions show a superparamagnetic character with a high magnetic saturation of 58.5 emu/g at room temperature, suggesting conveniently and rapidly recycle the enzyme from solution. This facile, recyclable, high immobilization capacity and activity strategy may find potential applications in enzyme catalytic reactions with low cost

  5. Microwave synthesis and sintering characteristics of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was synthesized and sintered by microwave processing at 2.45 GHz, 1.1 kW. The optimum calcination temperature using microwave heating was determined to be 950°C for 20 min to obtain cubic CCTO powders. The microwave processed powders were sintered to 94% density at 1000°C/60 min.

  6. Influence of Cu diffusion conditions on the switching of Cu-SiO2-based resistive memory devices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thermadam, S. Puthen; Bhagat, S.K.; Alford, T.L.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Kozicki, M.N.; Mitkova, M.

    2010-01-01

    This paper presents a study of Cu diffusion at various temperatures in thin SiO 2 films and the influence of diffusion conditions on the switching of Programmable Metallization Cell (PMC) devices formed from such Cu-doped films. Film composition and diffusion products were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy methods. We found a strong dependence of the diffused Cu concentration, which varied between 0.8 at.% and 10 -3 at.%, on the annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies revealed that Cu does not react with the SiO 2 network and remains in elemental form after diffusion for the annealing conditions used. PMC resistive memory cells were fabricated with such Cu-diffused SiO 2 films and device performance, including the stability of the switching voltage, is discussed in the context of the material characteristics.

  7. Effect of sweep gas chemistry on vaporization of Li4SiO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamawaki, M.; Yamaguchi, K.

    1995-01-01

    Gas/solid equilibria in the system Li 4 SiO 4 -D 2 -D 2 O were studied by means of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. A Knudsen effusion mass spectrometer was modified to enable studies of reactions of hydrogen and/or water vapor with ceramic breeder materials. A gas inlet system was constructed to allow the introduction of gases into a platinum Knudsen cell, from which the equilibrated gaseous reaction products effuse. From the experimental results, it has been deduced that the equilibrium constants of vaporization reactions differ correspondingly to the nonstoichiometry of lithium orthosilicate. ((orig.))

  8. Li_4Ti_5O_1_2/Ketjen Black with open conductive frameworks for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Yang; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Huang; Liu, Yijun; Ji, Mandi; Xu, Yunlong; Wang, Qingqing; Luo, Lei

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The Li_4Ti_5O_1_2/Ketjen Black composites are synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. As an anode for lithium ion battery, the composite exhibits ultrahigh capacity and excellent low temperature performance. - Highlights: • Mesoporous LTO/KB composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method. • KB is used as carbon template and conductive additive. • The LTO/KB electrode without carbon black was fabricated. • This as-prepared electrode shows excellent rate capacity performance. • LTO/KB composite exhibits ultrahigh cycle performance at low temperature. - Abstract: The Li_4Ti_5O_1_2/Ketjen Black composites are synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDS, galvanostatic charge/discharge test, CV and EIS. The results indicate that Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 (LTO) particles grow both in the pores and on the surface of mesoporous Ketjen Black (KB) forming open conductive frameworks and the Ketjen Black works as host forthe growth of Li_4Ti_5O_1_2 primary nanoparticles. The LTO/KB electrode is fabricated without extra carbon black conductive agents and exhibits excellent electrochemical performances, especially at low temperature. The improved performances can be attributed to the presence of mesoporous Ketjen Black conductive templates with high electronic conductivity and formed 3D frameworks beneficial to the lithium ion diffusion.

  9. Effects of TiO2 addition on microwave dielectric properties of Li2MgSiO4 ceramics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rose, Aleena; Masin, B.; Sreemoolanadhan, H.; Ashok, K.; Vijayakumar, T.

    2018-03-01

    Silicates have been widely studied for substrate applications in microwave integrated circuits owing to their low dielectric constant and low tangent loss values. Li2MgSiO4 (LMS) ceramics are synthesized through solid-state reaction route using TiO2 as an additive to the pure ceramics. Variations in dielectric properties of LMS upon TiO2 addition in different weight percentages (0.5, 1.5, 2) are studied by keeping the sintering parameters constant. Crystalline structure, phase composition, and microstructure of LMS and LMS-TiO2 ceramics were studied using x-ray diffraction spectrometer and High Resolution Scanning electron microscope. Density was measured through Archimedes method and the microwave dielectric properties were examined by Cavity perturbation technique. LMS achieved relative permittivity (ε r) of 5.73 and dielectric loss (tan δ) of 5.897 × 10‑4 at 8 GHz. In LMS-TiO2 ceramics, 0.5 wt% TiO2 added LMS showed comparatively better dielectric properties than other weight percentages where ε r = 5.67, tan δ = 7.737 × 10‑4 at 8 GHz.

  10. High ion conductive Sb2O5-doped β-Li3PS4 with excellent stability against Li for all-solid-state lithium batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Dongjiu; Chen, Shaojie; Zhang, Zhihua; Ren, Jie; Yao, Lili; Wu, Linbin; Yao, Xiayin; Xu, Xiaoxiong

    2018-06-01

    The combination of high conductivity and good stability against Li is not easy to achieve for solid electrolytes, hindering the development of high energy solid-state batteries. In this study, doped electrolytes of Li3P1-xSbxS4-2.5xO2.5x are successfully prepared via the high energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatment. Plenty of techniques like XRD, Raman, SEM, EDS and TEM are utilized to characterize the crystal structures, particle sizes, and morphologies of the glass-ceramic electrolytes. Among them, the Li3P0.98Sb0.02S3.95O0.05 (x = 0.02) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (∼1.08 mS cm-1) at room temperature with an excellent stability against lithium. In addition, all-solid-state lithium batteries are assembled with LiCoO2 as cathode, Li10GeP2S12/Li3P0.98Sb0.02S3.95O0.05 as the bi-layer electrolyte, and lithium as anode. The constructed solid-state batteries delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 133 mAh g-1 at 0.1C in the range of 3.0-4.3 V vs. Li/Li+ at room temperature, and shows a capacity retention of 78.6% after 50 cycles. Most importantly, the all-solid-state lithium batteries with the Li10GeP2S12/Li3P0.98Sb0.02S3.95O0.05 electrolyte can be workable even at -10 °C. This study provides a promising electrolyte with the improved conductivity and stability against Li for the application of all-solid-state lithium batteries.

  11. Lithium ion mobility in lithium phosphidosilicates: Crystal structure, {sup 7}Li, {sup 29}Si, and {sup 31}P MAS NMR spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy of Li{sub 8}SiP{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}SiP{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Toffoletti, Lorenzo; Landesfeind, Johannes; Klein, Wilhelm; Gasteiger, Hubert A.; Faessler, Thomas F. [Department of Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching bei Muenchen (Germany); Kirchhain, Holger; Wuellen, Leo van [Department of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg (Germany)

    2016-12-05

    The need to improve electrodes and Li-ion conducting materials for rechargeable all-solid-state batteries has drawn enhanced attention to the investigation of lithium-rich compounds. The study of the ternary system Li-Si-P revealed a series of new compounds, two of which, Li{sub 8}SiP{sub 4} and Li{sub 2}SiP{sub 2}, are presented. Both phases represent members of a new family of Li ion conductors that display Li ion conductivity in the range from 1.15(7) x 10{sup -6} Scm{sup -1} at 0 C to 1.2(2) x 10{sup -4} Scm{sup -1} at 75 C (Li{sub 8}SiP{sub 4}) and from 6.1(7) x 10{sup -8} Scm{sup -1} at 0 C to 6(1) x 10{sup -6} Scm{sup -1} at 75 C (Li{sub 2}SiP{sub 2}), as determined by impedance measurements. Temperature-dependent solid-state {sup 7}Li NMR spectroscopy revealed low activation energies of about 36 kJ mol{sup -1} for Li{sub 8}SiP{sub 4} and about 47 kJ mol{sup -1} for Li{sub 2}SiP{sub 2}. Both compounds were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (single crystal and powder methods) and by {sup 7}Li, {sup 29}Si, and {sup 31}P MAS NMR spectroscopy. Both phases consist of tetrahedral SiP{sub 4} anions and Li counterions. Li{sub 8}SiP{sub 4} contains isolated SiP{sub 4} units surrounded by Li atoms, while Li{sub 2}SiP{sub 2} comprises a three-dimensional network based on corner-sharing SiP{sub 4} tetrahedra, with the Li ions located in cavities and channels. (copyright 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  12. Electron excitations in BeAl2O4, Be2SiO4 and Be3Al2Si6O18 crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ivanov, V.Yu.; Pustovarov, V.A.; Shlygin, E.S.; Korotaev, A.V.; Kruzhalov, A.V.

    2005-01-01

    Low-temperature (T = 7 K) time-resolved selectively photoexcited luminescence spectra (2-6 eV) and luminescence excitation spectra (8-35 eV) of wide-bandgap chrysoberyl BeAl 2 O 4 , phenacite Be 2 SiO 4 , and beryl Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 crystals have been studied using time-resolved VUV spectroscopy. Both the intrinsic luminescence of the crystals and the luminescence associated with structural defects were assigned. Energy transfer to impurity luminescence centers in alexandrite and emerald was investigated. Luminescence characteristics of stable crystal lattice defects were probed by 3.6-MeV accelerated helium ion beams [ru

  13. Percolative ionic conduction in the LiAlSiO4 glass-ceramic system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biefeld, R.M.; Pike, G.E.; Johnson, R.T. Jr.

    1977-01-01

    The effect f crystallinity on the lithium ion conductivity in LiAlSiO 4 glass and glass-ceramic solid electrolytes has been determined. The ionic conductivity is thermally activated with an activation energy and pre-exponential factor that change in a marked and nonsimple manner as the volume fraction of crystallinity changes. These results are explained by using a continuum percolation model (effective-medium approximation) which assumes that ionic conduction in the glass-ceramic is almost entirely within the glass phase until the crystalline volume fraction rises above approx. 55%. The LiAlSiO 4 system would seem to be nearly ideal for application of percolation theory since the crystalline phase, β eucryptite, has nearly the same composition as the glass phase. Hence, as the crystallite volume fraction increases in the glass ceramic, the residual glass composition and conductivity remain the same. This is the first application of percolation theory to ionic transport in glass-ceramics and excellent agreement is obtained between theory and experiment for the LiAlSiO 4 system

  14. Phase relations in the M2MoO4 - Ag2MoO4 - Hf(MoO4)2 (M=Li, Na) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bazarova, Zh.G.; Bazarov, B.G.; Balsanova, L.V.

    2002-01-01

    The M 2 MoO 4 - Ag 2 MoO 4 - Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 (M=Li, Na) systems were studied by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses in the subsolidus area (450 - 500 Deg C) for the first time. The formation of the binary compound with the variable composition Li 4-x Hf 1+0.2x (MoO 4 ) 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) in the Li 2 MoO 4 - Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 system and the ternary molybdates Li 4 Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 5 (S 1 ) and Na 2 Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 4 (S 2 ) was established and the thermal characteristics of the prepared compounds were examined. The new binary molybdate Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 3 was prepared by the reaction between Ag 2 MoO 4 and Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 [ru

  15. A better ferrimagnetic half-metal LuCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12}: Predicted from first-principles investigation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lv Shuhui; Li Hongping [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Han Deming; Wu Zhijian [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Liu Xiaojuan, E-mail: lxjuan@ciac.jl.c [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Meng Jian, E-mail: jmeng@ciac.jl.c [State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China)

    2011-03-15

    Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U for manganite cuprate compound LuCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12} have been performed, using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The calculated results indicate that LuCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12} is ferrimagnetic and half-metallic in both GGA and GGA+U calculations. The minority-spin band gap is 0.7 eV within GGA, which is larger than that of LaCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12} (0.3 eV), indicating its better half-metallicity. Further, the minority-spin gap enlarges from 0.7 to 2.8 eV with U taken into account, and simultaneously the Fermi level being shifted to the middle of the gap, making the half-metallic energy gap to be 1.21 eV. These results demonstrate that electronic correlation effect enhances the stability of half-metallic property. These facts make this system interesting candidates for applications in spintronic devices. - Research highlights: The electronic and magnetic properties of LuCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12} are analyzed. Both GGA and GGA+U methods are reported and compared. A better half-metal LuCu{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}O{sub 12} is obtained with large half-metallic gap. The results agree very well with the experimental data.

  16. Electrochemistry and safety of Li 4Ti 5O 12 and graphite anodes paired with LiMn 2O 4 for hybrid electric vehicle Li-ion battery applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belharouak, Ilias; Koenig, Gary M.; Amine, K.

    A promising anode material for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is Li 4Ti 5O 12 (LTO). LTO intercalates lithium at a voltage of ∼1.5 V relative to lithium metal, and thus this material has a lower energy compared to a graphite anode for a given cathode material. However, LTO has promising safety and cycle life characteristics relative to graphite anodes. Herein, we describe electrochemical and safety characterizations of LTO and graphite anodes paired with LiMn 2O 4 cathodes in pouch cells. The LTO anode outperformed graphite with regards to capacity retention on extended cycling, pulsing impedance, and calendar life and was found to be more stable to thermal abuse from analysis of gases generated at elevated temperatures and calorimetric data. The safety, calendar life, and pulsing performance of LTO make it an attractive alternative to graphite for high power automotive applications, in particular when paired with LiMn 2O 4 cathode materials.

  17. Creep behaviour of a casting titanium carbide reinforced AlSi12CuNiMg piston alloy at elevated temperatures; Hochtemperaturkriechverhalten der schmelzmetallurgisch hergestellten dispersionsverstaerkten Kolbenlegierung AlSi12CuNiMg

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michel, S.; Scholz, A. [Zentrum fuer Konstruktionswerkstoffe, TU Darmstadt (Germany); Tonn, B. [Institut fuer Metallurgie, TU Clausthal (Germany); Zak, H.

    2012-03-15

    This paper deals with the creep behaviour of the titanium carbide reinforced AlSi12CuNiMg piston alloy at 350 C and its comparison to the conventional AlSi12Cu4Ni2MgTiZr piston alloy. With only 0,02 vol-% TiC reinforcement the creep strength and creep rupture strength of the AlSi12CuNiMg piston alloy are significantly improved and reach the level of the expensive AlSi12Cu4Ni2MgTiZr alloy. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  18. Novel Cu@SiO2/bacterial cellulose nanofibers: Preparation and excellent performance in antibacterial activity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, Bo; Huang, Yang; Zhu, Chunlin; Chen, Chuntao; Chen, Xiao; Fan, Mengmeng; Sun, Dongping

    2016-01-01

    The antibacterial composite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) was successfully prepared by in-situ synthesis of SiO 2 coated Cu nanoparticles (Cu@SiO 2 /BC) and its properties were characterized. Its chemical structures and morphologies were evaluated by Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the SiO 2 coated Cu particles were well homogeneously precipitated on the surface of BC. The Cu@SiO 2 /BC was more resistant to oxidation than the Cu nanoparticles impregnated into BC (Cu/BC) and then Cu@SiO 2 /BC could prolong the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). - Graphical abstract: Schematic illustration of the preparation of Cu@SiO 2 /BC. Due to its unique structure, the Cu@SiO 2 /BC membrane shows excellent antibacterial effects and can be used for a long time. - Highlights: • This work paves the novel way to fabricate antibacterial nanomaterial with good efficiency. • We prepare the antibacterial membrane based on bacterial cellulose by in-situ synthesis of SiO 2 -coated Cu nanoparticles. • The antibacterial membrane is more resistant to oxidation and can prolong the antimicrobial activity.

  19. Synthesis of Nanoparticles of the Giant Dielectric Material, CaCu3Ti4O12 from a Precursor Route

    OpenAIRE

    Thomas, P.; Dwarakanath, K.; Varma, K. B. R.; Kutty, T. R. N.

    2013-01-01

    A complex oxalate precursor, CaCu3(TiO)4(C2O4)8.9H2O, was synthesized and the precipitate that obtained was confirmed to be monophasic by the wet chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, FTIR absorption and TG, DTA analyses. The thermal decomposition of this oxalate precursor led to the formation of phase-pure calcium copper titanate, CaCu3Ti4O12, at 680oC. The bright field TEM micrographs revealed that the size of the as synthesized crystallites to be in the 30 to 80 nm range. The powders so ob...

  20. Phase transition in Li{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barik, Subrat K; Choudhary, R N.P. [Dept. of Physics and Meteorology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur (India); Mahapatra, P K [Dept. of Physics and Technophysics, Vidyasagar Univ., Midnapur (India)

    2008-07-01

    Full text: Recent advancements in the electronics in this miniaturization age are found in many ferroelectric based materials of different structural families. Among them, perovskites are being used for the possible forefront applications in the areas of research as well as in industrial applications. Though a lot of lead-based compounds like PZT, PMN etc. have been investigated for device applications, the manufacturing companies are now heading towards the environmental friendly lead-free compounds. Li{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3} comes under this group. Here we report the studies of phase transition of Li{sub 1/2}Bi{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3} (LBT) ceramic which was prepared by a mixed-oxide technique. The formation of the compound was confirmed by XRD studies. The dielectric permittivity, the loss tangent and polarization of the sample were studied in a wide frequency and temperature range. Detailed analysis of impedance spectrum obtained at different temperatures and frequencies suggested that the electrical properties of the material are strongly temperature dependant. The Nequist plots clearly showed the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effect in the compound. The frequency dependent ac conductivity at different temperatures indicated the conduction process is thermally activated. The activation energy was calculated from the temperature variation of d.c. conductivity.

  1. Magnetically targeted delivery of DOX loaded Cu9S5@mSiO2@Fe3O4-PEG nanocomposites for combined MR imaging and chemo/photothermal synergistic therapy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Bei; Zhang, Xinyang; Li, Chunxia; He, Fei; Chen, Yinyin; Huang, Shanshan; Jin, Dayong; Yang, Piaoping; Cheng, Ziyong; Lin, Jun

    2016-06-01

    The combination of multi-theranostic modes in a controlled fashion has received tremendous attention for the construction of cooperative therapeutic systems in nanomedicine. Herein, we have synthesized a smart magnetically targeted nanocarrier system, Cu9S5@mSiO2@Fe3O4-PEG (labelled as CMF), which integrates NIR triggered photothermal therapy, pH/NIR-responsive chemotherapy and MR imaging into one nanoplatform to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. This new multifunctional paradigm has a uniform and monodisperse sesame ball-like structure by decorating tiny Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of Cu9S5@mSiO2 before a further PEG modification to improve its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. With doxorubicin (DOX) payload, the as-obtained CMF-DOX composites can simultaneously provide an intense heating effect and enhanced DOX release upon 980 nm NIR light exposure, achieving a combined chemo/photothermal therapy. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, the magnetically targeted synergistic therapeutic effect of CMF-DOX can lead to highly superior inhibition of animal H22 tumor in vivo when compared to any of the single approaches alone. The results revealed that this Cu9S5 based magnetically targeted chemo/photothermal synergistic nanocarrier system has great promise in future MR imaging assisted tumor targeted therapy of cancer.

  2. Metabolomic effects in HepG2 cells exposed to CeO2, SiO2 and CuO nanomaterials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    To better assess potential hepatotoxicity of nanomaterials, human liver HepG2 cells were exposed for three days to 5 different CeO2 (either 30 or 100 ug/ml), 3 SiO2 based (30 ug/ml) or 1 CuO (3 ug/ml) nanomaterials with dry primary particle sizes ranging from 15 to 213 nm. Metab...

  3. Li depletion effects on Li2TiO3 reaction with H2 in thermo-chemical environment relevant to breeding blanket for fusion power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alvani, Carlo; Casadio, Sergio; Contini, Vittoria; Giorgi, Rossella; Mancini, Maria Rita; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Kawamura, Hiroshi

    2005-07-01

    This is a report of the Working Group in the Subtask on Solid Breeder Blankets under the Implementing Agreement on a Co-operative Programme on Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors (International Energy Agency (IEA)). This Working Group (Task F and WG-F) was performed from 2000 to 2004 by a collaboration of European Union (EU) and Japan (JA). In this report, lithium depletion effects on the reaction of lithium titanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) with hydrogen (H 2 ) in thermo-chemical environment were discussed. The reaction of Li 2 TiO 3 ceramics with H 2 was studied in a thermo-chemical environment simulating (excepting irradiation) that of the hottest pebble-bed zone of breeding-blanket actually designed for fusion power plants. This 'reduction' as performed at 900degC in Ar+0.1%H, purge gas (He+0.1%H 2 being the designed reference') was found to be enhanced by TiO 2 doping of the specimens of simulate 6 Li-burn-up expected to reach 20% at their end-of-life. The reaction rates, however, were so slow to be not significantly extrapolated to the breeder material service time (years). In Ar+3%H 2 , faster reaction rates allowed a better identification of the process evolution (kinetics) by Temperature-Programmed Reduction' (TPR) and 'Oxidation' (TPO), and combined TG-DTA thermal analysis. The reduction of pure Li 4/5 TiO 12/5 spinel phase to Li 4/5 TiO 12/5-y was found to reach in one day the steady state at the O-vacancy concentration y=0.2. Complimentary microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy (XRD, XPS) techniques were used to characterize the reaction products among which the presence of the orthorhombic Li v TiO 2 (0 ≤ v ≤ 1/2) and Li 2 TiO 3 could be diagnosed. So that the complete spinel reduction to Li 1/2 TiO 2 was obtained according to a scheme involving the Li 1/2 TiO 2 -Li 4/5 TiO 12/5 spinel phase solid solution for which y=3v/(10-5v). The reduction rate of pure meta-titanate to Li 2 TiO 3-x was found much lower (x approx. = 0.01) and even possibly due to the presence

  4. Antiperovskite nitridophosphate oxide Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O by high-pressure metathesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kloss, Simon D.; Weidmann, Niels; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich (Germany)

    2017-04-03

    Rare-earth nitridophosphates are a recently discovered class of materials, which are accessible by high-pressure metathesis. Antiperovskite-type Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O was synthesized from HoF{sub 3}, LiPN{sub 2}, Li{sub 3}N, and Li{sub 2}O at 5 GPa and ca. 1025 C by this method and the multianvil technique. Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O contains rarely observed isolated PN{sub 4} tetrahedra and can be derived by the hierarchical substitution of the ABX{sub 3} perovskite, in which Ho occupies the X positions, O occupies the B position, and the PN{sub 4} tetrahedra occupy the A position. The structure was refined on the basis of powder diffraction data [I4/mcm, a = 6.36112(3), c = 10.5571(1) Aa, Z = 4, R{sub wp} = 0.04, R{sub Bragg} = 0.01, χ{sup 2} = 2.275] starting from the structural model of isotypic Gd{sub 3}[SiN{sub 3}O]O. To characterize Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O, elemental analyses were performed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O is paramagnetic down to low temperatures with μ{sub eff} = 10.43(1) μ{sub B} and a Curie temperature (Θ) of 0.11(4) K. It shows the optical characteristics of Ho{sup 3+} ions and vibrations corresponding to isolated PN{sub 4} tetrahedra. On the basis of DFT calculations [generalized gradient approximation (GGA)], Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O has an indirect band gap of 1.87 eV. We demonstrate the versatility of high-pressure metathesis by attaining the low end of the P/N atomic ratio κ = 1/4. This confirms the previous assumption that rare-earth nitridophosphates with κ = 1/2 to 1/4 are feasible by this method. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  5. Magneto-transport properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles added (Cu0.5Tl0.5)Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ superconducting phase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mumtaz, M.; Baig, Mirza Hassan; Waqee-ur-Rehman, M.; Nasir Khan, M.

    2018-05-01

    Solid-state reaction method was used to synthesize Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ (CuTl-1223) superconducting phase and sol-gel method was used to prepare cobalt oxide (Co3O4) magnetic nanoparticles. These Co3O4 nanoparticles were added in CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix to get (Co3O4)x/CuTl-1223; x = 0-2.00 wt.% nanoparticles-superconductor composites. The effects of Co3O4 nanoparticles on crystal structure, phase formation, phase purity and infield superconducting transport properties of CuTl-1223 phase were investigated at different operating temperatures and external applied magnetic fields. The crystal structure and phase formation of Co3O4 nanoparticles and CuTl-1223 superconductor were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD peaks of Co3O4 nanoparticles were well indexed according to FCC crystal structure and the average particle size of 70 nm was calculated by using Debye-Scherer's formula. The unaltered crystal structure of host CuTl-1223 superconducting phase (i.e. Tetragonal) with the addition of Co3O4 nanoparticles indicated the dispersion of nanoparticles at inter-granular sites. Temperature dependent magneto-transport superconducting properties of (Co3O4)x/CuTl-1223 composites were investigated by zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetic moment versus temperature (M-T) measurements. The onset transition temperatures {TcOnset (K)} was decreased along with the suppression of diamagnetic amplitude of CuTl-1223 superconducting phase with the addition of magnetic Co3O4 nanoparticles. Temperature dependent magnetic hysteresis (M-H loops) measurements of (Co3O4)x/CuTl-1223 composites were carried out at different operating temperatures from 5 K to 150 K. Critical current density (Jc) was calculated from M-H loops measurements by using Bean's model. Like the suppression of TcOnset (K) values, Jc was also decreased with the inclusion of Co3O4 nanoparticles. It was also observed that variation of Jc with H followed the power law Jc =

  6. Fabrication of hierarchical graphene@Fe3O4@SiO2@polyaniline quaternary composite and its improved electrochemical performance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Lei; Zhu, Jianfeng; Yang, Haibo; Wang, Fen; Qin, Yi; Zhao, Ting; Zhang, Pei

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Graphene@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @polyaniline hierarchical structures have been fabricated. • The reflection loss of the composites is below −10 dB in 10.5–16.3 GHz. • The maximum absorption of the composites is −40.7 dB at 12.5 GHz. - Abstract: Hierarchical graphene@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @polyaniline quaternary composite is fabricated subtly. Their microwave absorption properties are also investigated in the 2–18 GHz frequency range. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal that Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @polyaniline core@shell@shell heteronanostructures are densely covered on the surfaces of graphene, and form hierarchical structures. Compared with two-dimensional binary nanocomposites of graphene@Fe 3 O 4 , the hierarchical structure exhibits enhanced EM absorption in terms of both the maximum reflection loss value and the absorption bandwidth. The maximum reflection loss value can reach −40.7 dB at 12.5 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm and the bandwidth corresponding to the reflection loss below −10 dB is 5.8 GHz (from 10.5 to 16.3 GHz)

  7. The compressibility mechanism of Li3Na3In2F12 garnet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grzechnik, Andrzej; Balic Zunic, Tonci; Makovicky, Emil

    2006-01-01

    The high pressure behaviour of Li3Na3In2F12 garnet (Ia¯3d, Z = 8) is studied up to 9.2 GPa at room temperature in diamond anvil cells using xray diffraction. Its equation of state to 9.2 GPa and the pressure dependences of the structural parameters to 4.07 GPa are determined from synchrotron angle......-dispersive powder and laboratory single-crystal data, respectively. No indication of any structural phase transition in this material has been found up to 9.2 GPa. The fitting of the Murnaghan equation of state yields B0 = 36.2(5) GPa, B0 = 5.38(18), and V0 = 2051.76(0.69) °A 3. The compressibility mechanism of Li3......Na3In2F12 is attributed to the substantial bending of the In-F-Li angles linking the InF6 octahedra and LiF4 tetrahedra. The most compressible polyhedral units are the NaF8 triangulated dodecahedra. These results are discussed in relation to previous high pressure photoluminescence measurements...

  8. Internal Friction of Li7La3Zr2O12 Based Lithium Ionic Conductors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang X.P.

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The diffusion mechanisms of lithium ions in tetragonal phase as well as in Al and Nb stabilized cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 compounds were investigated by low-frequency internal friction technique. In the cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 phase, a remarkable relaxation-type internal friction peak PC with a peak height up to 0.12 was observed in the temperature range from 15°C to 60°C. In the tetragonal phase however, the height of the PT peak dropped to 0.01. The obvious difference of the relaxation strength between the cubic and tetragonal phases is due to the different distribution of lithium ions in lattice, ordered in the tetragonal phase and disordered in the cubic phase. Based on the crystalline structure of the cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 compound, it is suggested that the high internal friction peak in the cubic phase may be attributed to two diffusion processes of lithium ions: 96h↔96h and 96h↔24d.

  9. Synthesis, crystal structure, and spectroscopic characterization of trans-bis[(mu-1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane)(mu-(3-thiopheneacetate-O))(3-thiopheneacetate-O)]dicopper(II), [[Cu2(O2CCH2C4H3S)4mu-(BPP)2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marinho, Maria Vanda; Yoshida, Maria Irene; Guedes, Kassilio J; Krambrock, Klaus; Bortoluzzi, Adailton J; Hörner, Manfredo; Machado, Flávia C; Teles, Wagner M

    2004-02-23

    From the reaction between a dinuclear paddle-wheel carboxylate, namely [Cu2mu-(O2CCH2C4H3S)4] (1), and the flexible ligand 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (BPP) a neutral 2-D coordination polymer [[Cu2(O2CCH2C4H3S)4mu-(BPP)2

  10. Copper(II) perrhenate Cu(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH){sub 2}(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2}: Synthesis from isopropanol and CuReO{sub 4}, structure and properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mikhailova, D., E-mail: d.mikhailova@ifw-dresden.de [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76434 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden (Germany); Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, D-01187 Dresden (Germany); Engel, J.M. [Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Schmidt, M. [Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, D-01187 Dresden (Germany); Tsirlin, A.A. [National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn (Estonia); Ehrenberg, H. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76434 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany)

    2015-12-15

    The crystal structure of Cu{sup +}Re{sup 7+}O{sub 4} is capable of a quasi-reversible incorporation of C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH molecules. A room-temperature reaction between CuReO{sub 4} and C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH under oxidizing conditions leads to the formation of a novel metal-organic hybrid compound Cu{sup 2+}(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH){sub 2}(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2}. Upon heating under reducing conditions, this compound transforms back into CuReO{sub 4}, albeit with ReO{sub 2} and metallic Cu as by-products. The crystal structure of Cu(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH){sub 2}(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2} solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Pbca, a=10.005(3) Å, b=7.833(2) Å, and c=19.180(5) Å) reveals layers of corner-sharing CuO{sub 6}-octahedra and ReO{sub 4}-tetrahedra, whereas isopropyl groups are attached to both sides of these layers, thus providing additional connections within the layers through hydrogen bonds. Cu(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH){sub 2}(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2} is paramagnetic down to 4 K because the spatial arrangement of the Cu{sup 2+} half-filled orbitals prevents magnetic superexchange. The paramagnetic effective moment of 2.0(1) μ{sub B} is slightly above the spin-only value and typical for Cu{sup 2+} ions. - Highlights: • Novel Cu(C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH){sub 2}(ReO{sub 4}){sub 2} compound has a sequence of inorganic and organic layers. • Hydrogen bonds provide an additional bonding Isopropanol molecules serve as a reducing agent during decomposition. • No direct Cu-O-Re-O-Cu connections via d{sub x2-y2} orbital of Cu{sup 2+} explain paramagnetism. • Hydrogen bonds provide an additional bonding. • Isopropanol molecules serve as a reducing agent during decomposition.

  11. Solid-state synthesis of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} for high power lithium ion battery applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Han, Seung-Woo [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749 (Korea, Republic of); Ryu, Ji Heon [Graduate School of Knowledge-Based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793 (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Joayoung [Cell Precedence Development Group, Samsung SDI, Yongin 446-577 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Dang-Hyok, E-mail: dhyoon@ynu.ac.kr [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749 (Korea, Republic of)

    2013-09-05

    Highlights: •High energy milling using 0.30 and 0.45 mm beads for Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} synthesis. •Synthesis of 162 nm-sized pure Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} by solid-state reaction. •Spray drying using fine starting materials to confer paste tackiness. •High capacity of 174 mAh/g and adequate rate properties for high power LIBs applications. -- Abstract: Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} was synthesized by a solid-state reaction between Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and anatase TiO{sub 2} for applications to high power lithium ion batteries. The starting materials underwent 6 h of high energy milling using ZrO{sub 2} beads with two different sizes, 0.30 and 0.45 mm. The smaller ZrO{sub 2} beads resulted in finer starting materials. Spray drying was also performed on the 0.30 mm beads-treated particles to enhance the screen printability of a paste containing this powder. The finer starting materials showed a pure 162 nm-sized Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} due to the decreased diffusion length for a solid-state reaction, whereas the 0.45 mm beads-treated starting materials resulted in a 242 nm-sized Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase containing 2 wt.% of rutile TiO{sub 2} that had transformed from the anatase phase during heat treatment at 800 °C for 3 h. The finer Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} showed higher charge capacity and better charge/discharge rates than the coarser particles, which highlights the importance of the primary particle size on the electrochemical properties of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} for high power applications. The fine Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} particles had a discharge capacity of 174 mAh/g at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 80% at 10.0 C.

  12. Pressure controlled tunable magnetic, electrical and optical properties of (Cu, Li)-codoped ZnO thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Liqiang; Lu, Bin; Ye, Zhizhen; Lu, Jianguo; Huang, Jingyun

    2013-09-01

    Zn0.989Cu0.01Li0.001O thin films have been deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The films deposited at 500 °C and the oxygen pressures (PO2) ranging from 0.04 to 40 Pa were of good crystallinity with a (0002) preferential orientation. Three conductivity regimes were observed for the films with varying the PO2. The n-type film obtained at 0.04 Pa had a low resistivity of 1.95×10-2 Ω cm, Hall mobility of 14.8 cm2 V-1 s-1, and carrier concentration of 2.16×1019 cm-3. The p-type Zn0.989Cu0.01Li0.001O film could achieve when oxygen ambient reached as high as 40 Pa and with a hole concentration of 1.12×1018 cm-3. Films grown at PO2 between 0.4 and 4 Pa commonly exhibited insulating behavior. All the Zn0.989Cu0.01Li0.001O films had a high transmittance above 80% in visible regions and the red-shift in optical band gap (Eg) happened as the PO2 increased. Magnetic measurements showed that only the film fabricated at 0.04 Pa with n-type conduction exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) of 0.25μB/Cu while others obtained at higher PO2 were paramagnetic. Oxygen vacancies (VO) are speculated that would play a crucial role for the ferromagnetic behavior observed.

  13. Synthesis and structure of Na-Li-Si-Al-P-O-N glasses prepared by melt nitridation using NH3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kidar, A.; Pomeroy, M.J.; Hampshire, S.; Mercier, C.; Leriche, A.; Revel, B.

    2012-01-01

    Na-Li-Si-Al-P-O-N glasses have been prepared by nitridation of a pre-synthesized Na 2 O-Li 2 O-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -Al 2 O 3 glass under anhydrous ammonia. Nitrogen for oxygen substitution increases the network connectivity leading to increases in microhardness and glass transition temperature. Raman and 31 P MAS-NMR spectroscopy indicate sequential nitridation reactions forming PO 3 N and PO 2 N 2 species. The data collected so far show no evidence of N/O substitutions in the silicate sub-network. (authors)

  14. Crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Ca(Cu3−xMx)Ti4O12 (M = Fe and Ni) ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moriyama, Tohru; Kan, Akinori; Ogawa, Hirotaka

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► M-substituted Ca(Cu 3−x M x )Ti 4 O 12 (CCMTO) ceramics, where M = Fe and Ni, were synthesized. ► The influence of M substitution for Cu on crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of CCMTO ceramics were investigated. ► Analysis of CCMTO ceramics revealed the single phase of CCMTO ceramics belongs to I23 non-centrosymmetric space group of I23. ► As a result, the P r and E c values of CCFTO ceramics at x = 0.05 were 1.8 μC/cm 2 and 40 kV/cm, respectively. -- Abstract: M-substituted Ca(Cu 3−x M x )Ti 4 O 12 (CCMTO) ceramics, where M = Fe and Ni, were synthesized and the influence of M substitutions for Cu on the crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of CCMTO ceramics were investigated in this study. From the variations in the lattice parameters of CCMTO ceramics, the solubility limit of Ni substitution for Cu in CaCu 3−x Ni x Ti 4 O 12 (CCNTO) ceramics was x = 0.2, whereas that of CaCu 3−x Fe x Ti 4 O 12 (CCFTO) ceramics was x = 0.05. The crystal structural analysis of CCMTO ceramics revealed that the single phase of CCMTO ceramics belongs to the I23 non-centrosymmetric space group of I23; as a result, the P r and E c values of CCFTO ceramics at x = 0.05 were 1.8 μC/cm 2 and 40 kV/cm, respectively. The ferroelectric behavior of CCMTO ceramics by the M substitutions for Cu may be related to the displacement of a Ti 4+ cation in the TiO 6 octahedra and tilting of the Ti–O–Ti angle because of the non-centrosymmetric space group

  15. Vibrational spectra of Cs2Cu(SO4)2·6H2O and Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·nH2O (n = 4, 6) with a crystal structure determination of the Tutton salt Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wildner, M.; Marinova, D.; Stoilova, D.

    2016-02-01

    The solubility in the three-component systems Cs2SO4-CuSO4-H2O and Cs2SeO4-CuSeO4-H2O have been studied at 25 °C. The experimental results show that double salts, Cs2Cu(SO4)2·6H2O and Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·4H2O, crystallize from the ternary solutions within large concentration ranges. Crystals of Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O were synthesized at somewhat lower temperatures (7-8 °C). The thermal dehydration of the title compounds was studied by TG, DTA and DSC methods and the respective dehydration schemes are proposed. The calculated enthalpies of dehydration (ΔHdeh) have values of: 434.2 kJ mol-1 (Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O), 280.9 kJ mol-1 (Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·4H2O), and 420.2 kJ mol-1 (the phase transition of Cs2Cu(SO4)2·6H2O into Cs2Cu(SO4)2·H2O). The crystal structure of Cs2Cu(SeO4)2ṡ6H2O was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It belongs to the group of Tutton salts, crystallizing isotypic to the respective sulfate in a monoclinic structure which is characterized by isolated Cu(H2O)6 octahedra and SeO4 tetrahedra, interlinked by hydrogen bonds and [9]-coordinated Cs+ cations. Infrared spectra of the cesium copper compounds are presented and discussed with respect to both the normal modes of the tetrahedral ions and the water molecules. The analysis of the infrared spectra of the double compounds reveals that the distortion of the selenate tetrahedra in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·4H2O is stronger than those in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O in agreement with the structural data. Matrix-infrared spectroscopy was applied to confirm this claim - Δν3 for SO4 2 - ions matrix-isolated in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O has a value of 35 cm-1 and that of the same ions included in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·4H2O - 84 cm-1. This spectroscopic finding is due to the formation of strong covalent bands Cu-OSO3 on one hand, and on the other to the stronger deformation of the host SeO4 2 - tetrahedra in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·4H2O as compared to those in Cs2Cu(SeO4)2·6H2O. The strength of the hydrogen bonds as deduced from the

  16. Li4 Ti5 O12 Anode: Structural Design from Material to Electrode and the Construction of Energy Storage Devices.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Zhijie; Li, Honsen; Wu, Langyuan; Lu, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Xiaogang

    2018-03-01

    Spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , known as a zero-strain material, is capable to be a competent anode material for promising applications in state-of-art electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). Compared with commercial graphite, spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 offers a high operating potential of ∼1.55 V vs Li/Li + , negligible volume expansion during Li + intercalation process and excellent thermal stability, leading to high safety and favorable cyclability. Despite the merits of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 been presented, there still remains the issue of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 suffering from poor electronic conductivity, manifesting disadvantageous rate performance. Typically, a material modification process of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 will be proposed to overcome such an issue. However, the previous reports have made few investigations and achievements to analyze the subsequent processes after a material modification process. In this review, we attempt to put considerable interest in complete device design and assembly process with its material structure design (or modification process), electrode structure design and device construction design. Moreover, we have systematically concluded a series of representative design schemes, which can be divided into three major categories involving: (1) nanostructures design, conductive material coating process and doping process on material level; (2) self-supporting or flexible electrode structure design on electrode level; (3) rational assembling of lithium ion full cell or lithium ion capacitor on device level. We believe that these rational designs can give an advanced performance for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -based energy storage device and deliver a deep inspiration. © 2018 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Laponite Na+0.7[(Si8Mg5.5Li0.3)O20(OH)4]–0.7

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Si8Mg5.5Li0.3)O20(OH)4]–0.7. Negative charges are counterbalanced by Na+ ions present in the interlayer. Electrostatic screening length at pH 10 ≈30 nm. Effective maximum volume increases by a factor of 60. Thus, for less than 1 volume ...

  18. Luminescence properties of LiPrxCe1-xP4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shalapska, T.; Stryganyuka, G.; Trotsc, D.; Demkiv, T.; Gektin, A.; Voloshinovskii, A.; Dorenbos, P.

    2010-01-01

    LiPr 1-x Ce x P 4 O 12 (x=0, 0.002, 0.02; 0.1) powder samples were prepared using the melt solution technique. Luminescent parameters of LiPr 1-x Ce x P 4 O 12 phosphors have been investigated under ultraviolet-vacuum ultraviolet (3-12 eV) synchrotron radiation and X-rays excitation at room and near liquid He temperatures. Excitation luminescence spectra of Ce 3+ emission, luminescent spectra and decay curves from the lower excited state levels of the 4f 1 5d 1 and 5d 1 electronic configuration of the Pr 3+ and Ce 3+ , respectively, clearly indicate energy transfer from Pr 3+ to Ce 3+ . Energy migration proceeds via the Pr-sublattice followed by nonradiation transfer from Pr 3+ to Ce 3+ ions.

  19. Electrochemical studies on electrospun Li(Li1/3Ti5/3)O4 grains as an anode for Li-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu Yongzhi; Reddy, M.V.; Chowdari, B.V.R.; Ramakrishna, S.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We report (Li(Li 1/3 Ti 5/3 )O 4 ) (LTO) obtained via electrospinning and followed by heat treatment. ► Electrochemical studies on nano-LTO showed a reversible capacity of 165(±3) mAh g −1 and 78(±3) mAh g −1 at a current rate of 0.2 C and 10 C, respectively. ► Electrode kinetics studies of LTO were carried out the end of 380 cycle using GITT and EIS techniques. - Abstract: Li(Li 1/3 Ti 5/3 )O 4 or (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) (LTO) grains are prepared via electrospinning a solution containing lithium acetate, titanium tetra(IV)-isopropoxide, polyvinyl acetate and acetic acid in N,N-dimethyl-formamide, followed by a subsequent sintering process. The structures and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission microscopy. Coin-type cells were assembled to test the electrochemical performance was evaluated using galvanostatic cycling at room temperature, in the cycling range, 1.0–2.8 V. The Li-cycling results showed characteristic discharge-charge plateaus at 1.55 and 1.8 V vs. Li/Li + , respectively. Electrospun LTO showed a reversible capacity of 165(±3) mAh g −1 at the end of 10th cycle at a current rate of 0.2 C. The later studies on rate capacities and cycling performance of LTO grains demonstrate good rate performance and long term cycling stability. Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studied were carried out at end of 381st and 382nd cycle to understand the electrode kinetics.

  20. Effects of MeV Si ions bombardment on the thermoelectric generator from SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} + Cu and SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} + Au nanolayered multilayer films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Budak, S., E-mail: satilmis.budak@aamu.edu [Department of Electrical Engineering, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Chacha, J., E-mail: chacha_john79@hotmail.com [Department of Electrical Engineering, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Smith, C., E-mail: cydale@cim.aamu.edu [Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Department of Physics, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Pugh, M., E-mail: marcuspughp@yahoo.com [Department of Electrical Engineering, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Colon, T. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Heidary, K., E-mail: kaveh.heidary@aamu.edu [Department of Electrical Engineering, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Johnson, R.B., E-mail: barry@w4wb.com [Department of Physics, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Ila, D., E-mail: ila@cim.aamu.edu [Center for Irradiation of Materials, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States); Department of Physics, Alabama A and M University, Normal, AL (United States)

    2011-12-15

    The defects and disorder in the thin films caused by MeV ions bombardment and the grain boundaries of these nanoscale clusters increase phonon scattering and increase the chance of an inelastic interaction and phonon annihilation. We prepared the thermoelectric generator devices from 100 alternating layers of SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} + Cu multi-nano layered superlattice films at the total thickness of 382 nm and 50 alternating layers of SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} + Au multi-nano layered superlattice films at the total thickness of 147 nm using the physical vapor deposition (PVD). Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and RUMP simulation have been used to determine the stoichiometry of the elements of SiO{sub 2}, Cu and Au in the multilayer films and the thickness of the grown multi-layer films. The 5 MeV Si ions bombardments have been performed using the AAMU-Center for Irradiation of Materials (CIM) Pelletron ion beam accelerator to make quantum (nano) dots and/or quantum (quantum) clusters in the multilayered superlattice thin films to decrease the cross plane thermal conductivity, increase the cross plane Seebeck coefficient and cross plane electrical conductivity. To characterize the thermoelectric generator devices before and after Si ion bombardments we have measured Seebeck coefficient, cross-plane electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity in the cross-plane geometry for different fluences.

  1. Luminescent properties of Na2CaSiO4:Eu2+ and its potential application in white light emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Zhijun; Li, Panlai; Li, Ting; Zhang, Xing; Li, Qingxuan; Yang, Zhiping; Guo, Qinglin

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ phosphor can be effectively excited by an ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet light, and produce a bright blue emission centered at 436 nm. The CIE chromaticity coordinations (x, y) of Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ (NSCE)/Li 2 SrSiO 4 :Eu 2+ (LSSE) vary with the molar ratio of the two constituents. When NSCE/LSSE is 1:3, the CIE chromaticity coordination is (0.332, 0.346), which is close to that of the natural sunlight (0.33, 0.33). The results indicate that Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ may be a promising blue phosphor for UV chip-based multi-phosphor converted white light emitting diodes. Highlights: ► Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ shows the blue emission with a peak at 436 nm and broad excitation band in the UV/n-UV range. ► White light with CIE coordinates (0.332, 0.346) is generated by mixing the blue phosphor with the Li 2 SrSiO 4 :Eu 2+ yellow phosphor. ► Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ would be a promising blue phosphor candidate for UV chip-based multi-phosphor converted white LEDs. - Abstract: A novel blue phosphor Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ is synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction, and its luminescent properties are systematically studied. Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ can be effectively excited by the 354 nm radiation, and create blue emission (436 nm). The emission intensity of Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ is influenced by the Eu 2+ doping content, and the optimal doping content is 1.5%, and the concentration quenching mechanism of Eu 2+ in Na 2 CaSiO 4 can be attributed to the multipolar interaction. The white light with CIE coordinates (0.332, 0.346) is generated by mixing the blue phosphor Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ with the yellow phosphor Li 2 SrSiO 4 :Eu 2+ . The results indicate that Na 2 CaSiO 4 :Eu 2+ may be a potential blue emitting phosphor for UV chip-based multi-phosphor converted white light emitting diodes

  2. Epitaxial growth and properties of YBa2Cu3O(x)-Pb(Zr(0.6)Ti(0.4))O3-YBa2Cu3O(x) trilayer structure by laser ablation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boikov, Iu. A.; Esaian, S. K.; Ivanov, Z. G.; Brorsson, G.; Claeson, T.; Lee, J.; Safari, A.

    1992-08-01

    YBa2Cu3O(x)Pb(Zr(0.6)Ti(0.4))O3-YBa2Cu3O(x) multilayer structure has been grown on SrTiO3 and Al2O3 substrates using laser ablation. The deposition conditions for the growth of trilayers and their properties are studied in this investigation. Scanning electron microscope images and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that all the constituent films in the trilayer grow epitaxially on SrTiO3 and were highly oriented on Al2O3. Transport measurements on these multilayers show that top YBa2Cu3O(x) films have good superconducting properties.

  3. X-ray diffraction studies of structures of Be, Al, LiF, Fe+3%Si, Si, SiO2, KCl under dynamic pressures from 2 Gpa to 20 Gpa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Egorov, L.A.; Barenboim, A.I.; Mokhova, V.V.; Dorohin, V.V.; Samoilov, A.I.

    1997-01-01

    Currently, the only direct method to study behaviour of solid crystal substance structures under dynamic compression is method to record X-rays diffraction pictures of crystal structures under shock compression. Thepaper presents results of X-rays diffraction measurements concerning structural parameters of shock compressed substances at pressures higher than Hugoniot elastic limit (Be, Al, LiF, Fe+3%Si), lower than Hugoniot elastic limit (Si, SiO 2 , LiF) and in the area of pressures of phase transformation beginning (KCl, Si). Recorded states of shock-compressed substance structures demonstrate identity of structural deformations at pressures higher and lower than Hugoniot elastic limit as well as at pressures above the phase transformation point, which can be characterized as single-axial deformations. (orig.)

  4. Study on the sweep gas effect on the surface of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} by means of work function measurement

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Suzuki, Atsushi; Yamaguchi, Kenji; Yamawaki, Michio [Tokyo Univ. (Japan)

    1998-03-01

    In the establishment of fuel cycle of tritium, it is important to make research on how the sweep gas composition affects the surface properties of breeder materials and the release of tritium from the surface of them. In this study, the change of contact potential difference (CPD) between Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Pt was measured in various gas compositions with a high temperature Kelvin probe. The work function change of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was obtained from the measured CPD and the work function change of Pt which was estimated from blank tests. From the results, the effect of oxygen deficient layer near the surface of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was observed, and the effect of OH{sup -} at the surface of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} was considered. (author)

  5. Effect of charge compensator ions (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) on Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphors by solid-state reaction method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sahu, Ishwar Prasad

    2016-09-01

    The Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ and Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+, R+ (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures of sintered phosphors were an akermanite-type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography. The prepared phosphors were excited at 350 nm, and their corresponding emission spectrum were recorded at blue (482 nm) and yellow (575 nm) region due to the 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions, respectively, of Dy3+ ions. Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates have been calculated for each sample and its value exhibited that overall emission is near white light. The possible mechanisms of discussed white light emitting phosphors were also investigated. In order to investigate the suitability of the samples as white color light sources for industrial uses, color purity, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were calculated. Values of color purity, CCT and CRI were found well within the defined acceptable range. With incorporating (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) as charge compensator ions, the emission intensity of Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ can be obviously enhanced. The results indicate that prepared phosphors may be a potential application in display devices.

  6. Effect of charge compensator ions (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) on Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphors by solid-state reaction method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sahu, Ishwar Prasad

    2016-01-01

    The Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ and Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ , R + (R + = Li + , Na + and K + ) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures of sintered phosphors were an akermanite-type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography. The prepared phosphors were excited at 350 nm, and their corresponding emission spectrum were recorded at blue (482 nm) and yellow (575 nm) region due to the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions, respectively, of Dy 3+ ions. Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates have been calculated for each sample and its value exhibited that overall emission is near white light. The possible mechanisms of discussed white light emitting phosphors were also investigated. In order to investigate the suitability of the samples as white color light sources for industrial uses, color purity, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were calculated. Values of color purity, CCT and CRI were found well within the defined acceptable range. With incorporating (R + = Li + , Na + and K + ) as charge compensator ions, the emission intensity of Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ can be obviously enhanced. The results indicate that prepared phosphors may be a potential application in display devices. (orig.)

  7. First assessment of Li2O-Bi2O3 ceramic oxides for high temperature carbon dioxide capture

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    E.M.Briz-López; M.J.Ramírez-Moreno; I.C.Romero-Ibarra; C.Gómez-Yá(n)ez; H.Pfeiffer; J.Ortiz-Landeros

    2016-01-01

    The capacity to capture CO2 was determined in several stoichiometric compositions in the Li2O-Bi2O3 system.The compounds (Li7BiO6,Li5BiOs,Li3BiO4 and LiBiO2 phases) were synthesized via solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption techniques.The samples were heat-treated at temperatures from 40 to 750 ℃ under the CO2 atmosphere to evaluate the carbonate formation,which is indicative of the capacity of CO2 capture.Moreover,Li7BiO6 shows an excellent CO2 capture capacity of 7.1 mmol/g,which is considerably higher than those of other previously reported ceramics.Li7BiO6 is able to react with CO2 from 240 ℃ to approximately 660 ℃ showing a high kinetic reaction even at CO2 partial pressure values as low as 0.05.

  8. Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li2MnO3-LiCo(1/3)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Yoshii, Kazuhiro; Myung, Seung-Taek; Nakai, Izumi; Komaba, Shinichi

    2011-03-30

    Lithium-excess manganese layered oxides, which are commonly described by the chemical formula zLi(2)MnO(3)-(1-z)LiMeO(2) (Me = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.), are of great importance as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. In this Article, Li(x)Co(0.13)Ni(0.13)Mn(0.54)O(2-δ) samples are prepared from Li(1.2)Ni(0.13)Co(0.13)Mn(0.54)O(2) (or 0.5Li(2)MnO(3)-0.5LiCo(1/3)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)O(2)) by an electrochemical oxidation/reduction process in an electrochemical cell to study a reaction mechanism in detail before and after charging across a voltage plateau at 4.5 V vs Li/Li(+). Changes of the bulk and surface structures are examined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). SXRD data show that simultaneous oxygen and lithium removal at the voltage plateau upon initial charge causes the structural rearrangement, including a cation migration process from metal to lithium layers, which is also supported by XAS. This is consistent with the mechanism proposed in the literature related to the Li-excess manganese layered oxides. Oxygen removal associated with the initial charge on the high voltage plateau causes oxygen molecule generation in the electrochemical cells. The oxygen molecules in the cell are electrochemically reduced in the subsequent discharge below 3.0 V, leading to the extra capacity. Surface analysis confirms the formation of the oxygen containing species, such as lithium carbonate, which accumulates on the electrode surface. The oxygen containing species are electrochemically decomposed upon second charge above 4.0 V. The results suggest that, in addition to the conventional transition metal redox reactions, at least some of the reversible capacity for the Li-excess manganese layered oxides originates from the electrochemical redox reaction of the oxygen molecules at the electrode surface.

  9. Effect of La2O3 Nanoparticles on the Brazeability, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Al-11Si-20Cu Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Ashutosh; Roh, Myung Hwan; Jung, Jae Pil

    2016-08-01

    The Al-11Si-20Cu brazing alloy and its ex situ composite with the content ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 wt.% of La2O3 are produced by electromagnetic induction-cum-casting route. The brazeability of the alloy and composite samples are tested using the spreading technique according to JIS Z-3197 standard. The mechanical properties such as filler microhardness, tensile shear strength, and elongation of the brazed joints are evaluated in the as-brazed condition. It is reported that incorporation of an optimal amount of 0.05 wt.% of hard La2O3 nanoparticles in the Al-Si-Cu matrix inhibits the growth of the large CuAl2 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and Si particles. As a consequence, the composite filler brazeability, microhardness, joint tensile shear strength, and elongation are improved significantly compared to those of monolithic Al-11Si-20Cu alloy.

  10. Luminescence and energy transfer of Tb3+-doped BaO-Gd2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glasses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuo, Chenggang; Huang, Jinze; Liu, Shaoyou; Xiao, Anguo; Shen, Youming; Zhang, Xiangyang; Zhou, Zhihua; Zhu, Ligang

    2017-12-05

    Transparent Tb 3+ -doped BaO-Gd 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glasses with the greater than 4g/cm 3 were prepared by high temperature melting method and its luminescent properties have been investigated by measured UV-vis transmission, excitation, emission and luminescence decay spectra. The transmission spectrum shows there are three weak absorption bands locate at about 312, 378 and 484nm in the glasses and it has good transmittance in the visible spectrum region. Intense green emission can be observed under UV excitation. The effective energy transfer from Gd 3+ ion to Tb 3+ ion could occur and sensitize the luminescence of Tb 3+ ion. The green emission intensity of Tb 3+ ion could change with the increasing SiO 2 /B 2 O 3 ratio in the borosilicate glass matrix. With the increasing concentration of Tb 3+ ion, 5 D 4 → 7 F J transitions could be enhanced through the cross relaxation between the two nearby Tb 3+ ions. Luminescence decay time of 2.12ms from 546nm emission is obtained. The results indicate that Tb 3+ -doped BaO-Gd 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glasses would be potential scintillating material for applications in X-ray imaging. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Metabolomic effects of CeO2, SiO2 and CuO metal oxide nanomaterials on HepG2 cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    To better assess potential hepatotoxicity of nanomaterials, human liver HepG2 cells were exposed for 3 days to five different CeO2 (either 30 or 100 μg/ml), 3 SiO2 based (30 μg/ml) or 1 CuO (3 μg/ml) nanomaterials with dry primary particle sizes ranging from 15 to 213 nm. Metabol...

  12. Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with Fe3O4@SiO2 for immobilization of cellulase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yue; Wang, Xiang-Yu; Jiang, Xiao-Ping; Ye, Jing-Jing; Zhang, Ye-Wang; Zhang, Xiao-Yun

    2015-01-01

    Fe3O4@SiO2-graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully fabricated by chemical binding of functional Fe3O4@SiO2 and GO and applied to immobilization of cellulase via covalent attachment. The prepared composites were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were monodisperse spheres with a mean diameter of 17 ± 0.2 nm. The thickness of SiO2 layer was calculated as being 6.5 ± 0.2 nm. The size of Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs was 24 ± 0.3 nm, similar to that of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2. Fe3O4@SiO2-GO composites were synthesized by linking of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 NPs to GO with the catalysis of EDC and NHS. The prepared composites were used for immobilization of cellulase. A high immobilization yield and efficiency of above 90 % were obtained after the optimization. The half-life of immobilized cellulase (722 min) was 3.34-fold higher than that of free enzyme (216 min) at 50 °C. Compared with the free cellulase, the optimal temperature of the immobilized enzyme was not changed; but the optimal pH was shifted from 5.0 to 4.0, and the thermal stability was enhanced. The immobilized cellulase could be easily separated and reused under magnetic field. These results strongly indicate that the cellulase immobilized onto the Fe3O4@SiO2-GO composite has potential applications in the production of bioethanol.

  13. Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive LiCl-KCl Waste Salt by Using SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5(SAP) Inorganic Composite: Part 1. Dechlorination Behavior of LiCl-KCl and Characteristics of Consolidation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cho, In Hak; Park, Hwan Seo; Ahn, Soo Na; Kim, In Tae; Cho, Yong Zun

    2012-01-01

    The metal chloride wastes from a pyrochemical process to recover uranium and transuranic elements has been considered as a problematic waste difficult to apply to a conventional solidification method due to the high volatility and low compatibility with silicate glass. In this study, a dechlorination approach to treat LiCl-KCl waste for final disposal was adapted. In this study, a SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 (SAP) inorganic composite as a dechlorination agent was prepared by a conventional sol-gel process. By using a series of SAPs, the dechlorination behavior and consolidation of reaction products were investigated. Different from LiCl waste, the dechlorination reaction occurred mainly at two temperature ranges. The thermogravimetric test indicated that the first reaction range was about 400 degree C for LiCl and the second was about 700 degree C for KCl. The SAP 1071 (Si/Al/P=1/0.75/1 in molar) was found to be the most favorable SAP as a dechlorination agent under given conditions. The consolidation test revealed that the bulk shape and the densification of consolidated forms depended on the SAP/Salt ratios. The leaching test by PCT-A method was performed to evaluate the durability of consolidated forms. This study provided the basic information on the dechlorination approach. Based on the experimental results, the dechlorination method using a SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 (SAP) could be considered as one of alternatives for the immobilization of waste salt.

  14. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and phase transformation of Bi2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guo H.W.

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The Bi2O3-SiO2 (BS glass-ceramics were prepared by melt-quench technique, and the crystallization kinetics and phase transformation behavior were investigated in accordance with Kissinger and Johson-Mehl-Avrami equation, DSC, XRD and SEM. The results show that in the heat treatment process (or termed as re-crystallizing process Bi2SiO5 and Bi4Si3O12 crystals were found consequently. Respectively, the crystallization activation energies of the two crystals are Ep1=14.8kJ/mol and Ep2=34.1kJ/mol. And the average crystallization index of n1=1.73 and n2=1.38 suggested volume nucleation, one-dimensional growth and surface nucleation, one-dimensional growth from surface to the inside respectively. The meta-stable needle-like Bi2SiO5 crystals are easily to be transformed into stable prismatic Bi4Si3O12 crystals. By quenching the melt and hold in 850°C for 1h, the homogenous single Bi4Si3O12 crystals were found in the polycrystalline phase of the BS glassceramics system.

  15. Photoluminescence of the Mg2Al4Si5O18-Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiO2 ceramic system containing Fe3+ and Cr3+ as impurity ions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sosman, L. P.; López, A.; Pedro, S. S.; Papa, A. R. R.

    2018-02-01

    This work presents the results of photoluminescence, excitation and radiative decay time for a ceramic system containing Mg2Al4Si5O18-Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiO2 with Fe3+ and Cr3+ as impurity ions. Emission data were obtained using several excitation wavelengths and the excitation data were acquired for the most intense emission bands. The optical results were analyzed according to the Tanabe-Sugano (TS) theory from which the crystalline field parameter Dq and Racah parameters B and C were obtained for the Fe3+ and Cr3+ sites. The results indicate that the Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions occupy tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. The emission from Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions causes an intense and broad band ranging between 350 nm and 850 nm, showing that this material is a potential tunable radiation source at room temperature.

  16. Li{sub 2}FeSiO{sub 4} nanorod as high stability electrode for lithium-ion batteries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hsu, Chun-Han; Shen, Yu-Wen; Chien, Li-Hsuan; Kuo, Ping-Lin, E-mail: plkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw [National Cheng Kung University, Department of Chemical Engineering (China)

    2015-01-15

    Li{sub 2}FeSiO{sub 4} (LFS) nanorods, with a diameter of 80–100 nm and length of 0.8–1.0 μm, were synthesized successfully from a mixture of LiOH, FeSO{sub 4}, and SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles via a simple hydrothermal process. The secondary structure with micro-sized bundles of nanorods was developed with high crystallinity under the hydrothermal condition of 180 °C for 72 h. Then, sucrose, as carbon source, was coated and carbonized on the surface of the LFS nanorods to fabricate LFS/C nanorod composite. The resulting LFS/C nanorod composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area measurements. When used as the cathode materials for lithium-ion battery, the electrochemical performance of the LFS/C nanorod material delivers discharge capacities of 156 mAh g{sup −1} in the voltage window of 1.8−4.7 V and also demonstrates good cycle stability when it is cycled between 1.8 and 4.1 V. In short, superior electrochemical properties could be caused by the short lithium-ion diffusion path of its nanorod structure.

  17. Improvement of photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Y{sub 2.9}Ce{sub 0.1}Al{sub 5−x}Si{sub x}O{sub 12} phosphors with Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} addition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Fangfang [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Song, Kaixin, E-mail: kxsong@hdu.edu.cn [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Jiang, Jun [Ningbo Institute of Materials Technologies and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Wu, Song; Zheng, Peng [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Huang, Qingming [Instrument Analysis and Testing Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002 (China); Xu, Junming; Qin, Huibin [College of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018 (China)

    2014-12-05

    Highlights: • Y{sub 2.9}Ce{sub 0.1}Al{sub 5−x}Si{sub x}O{sub 12} phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction in reduced air ambience. • Si{sup 4+} could be incorporated into the host lattice of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} through partial occupation of the Al{sup 3+} sites. • Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} addition can improve photoluminescence efficiency and thermal stability of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Ce. - Abstract: A series of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} doping Y{sub 2.9}Ce{sub 0.1}Al{sub 5−x}Si{sub x}O{sub 123x/2}N{sub 4x/3} phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction in 95%N{sub 2}–5%H{sub 2} reduced air ambience. The XRD characteristics plus Rietveld refinement results shows that the as-sintered powders are unique crystal phase with the same crystal structure of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (PDF No. 79-1891). The N element was not detected by the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS). The photoluminescence spectra (PL and PLE) tests show that the exciting and emitting intensity of PLE and PL gradually increase due to the increase of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} concentration. Meanwhile, the phosphorescence decay times are prolonged from 45 ns (x = 0) to 78 ns (x = 0.3), under the monitor of 530 nm wavelength. The thermoluminescence tests (TL) confirm the thermal stability of as-phosphors with Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} addition is much better than that of the pristine Y{sub 2.9}Ce{sub 0.1}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} phosphors.

  18. 3D inverse-opal structured Li4Ti5O12 Anode for fast Li-Ion storage capabilities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Dahye; Quang, Nguyen Duc; Hien, Truong Thi; Chinh, Nguyen Duc; Kim, Chunjoong; Kim, Dojin

    2017-11-01

    Since the demand for high power Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing, spinel-structured lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), as the anode material has attracted great attention because of its excellent cycle retention, good thermal stability, high rate capability, and so on. However, LTO shows relatively low conductivity due to empty 3 d orbital of Ti4+ state. Nanoscale architectures can shorten electron conduction path, thus such low electronic conductivity can be overcome while Li+ can be easily accessed due to large surface area. Herein, three dimensional bicontinuous LTO electrodes were prepared via close-packed self-assembly with polystyrene (PS) spheres followed by removal of them, which leads to no blockage of Li+ ion transportation pathways as well as fast electron conduction. 3D bicontinuous LTO electrodes showed high-rate lithium storage capability (103 mAh/g at 20 C), which is promising as the power sources that require rapid electrochemical response.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

  19. Processing of La/sub 1.8/Sr/sub 0.2/CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting thin films by dual-ion-beam sputtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Madakson, P.; Cuomo, J.J.; Yee, D.S.; Roy, R.A.; Scilla, G.

    1988-01-01

    High quality La/sub 1.8/Sr/sub 0.2/CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconducting thin films, with zero resistance at 88 K, have been made by dual-ion-beam sputtering of metal and oxide targets at elevated temperatures. The films are about 1.0 μm thick and are single phase after annealing. The substrates investigated are Nd-YAP, MgO, SrF 2 , Si, CaF 2 , ZrO 2 -9% Y 2 O 3 , BaF 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and SrTiO 3 . Characterization of the films was carried out using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Substrate/film interaction was observed in every case. This generally involves diffusion of the substrate into the film, which is accompanied by, for example, the replacement of Ba by Sr in the YBa 2 Cu 2 O 7 structure, in the case of SrTiO 3 substrate. The best substrates were those that did not significantly diffuse into the film and which did not react chemically with the film. In general, the superconducting transition temperature is found to depend on substrate temperature and ion beam energy, film composition, annealing conditions, and the nature and the magnitude of the substrate/film interaction

  20. Novel CuCr_2O_4 embedded CuO nanocomposites for efficient photodegradation of organic dyes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mageshwari, K.; Sathyamoorthy, R.; Lee, Jeong Yong; Park, Jinsub

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Novel CuO–CuCr_2O_4 nanocomposites synthesized by reflux condensation method. • Methyl orange and methylene blue dye degradation studied under UV light irradiation. • Nanocomposites characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, UV–vis DRS and PL. • CuCr_2O_4 loading effectively enhanced the catalytic activity of CuO. - Abstract: Novel photocatalyst based on CuO–CuCr_2O_4 nanocomposites was synthesized for different Cr"3"+ concentration by reflux condensation method, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by monitoring the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue dyes (MB) under UV light irradiation. Phase evolution by X-ray diffraction showed monoclinic CuO and tetragonal CuCr_2O_4 as the components of the prepared nanocomposites. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope revealed that the incorporation of Cr"3"+ in CuO lattice alters the morphology of CuO from microsphere to cluster shape. Photoluminescence spectra of CuO–CuCr_2O_4 nanocomposites exhibited reduced PL emissions compared to pure CuO, indicating the low recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes. As expected, the CuCr_2O_4 loaded CuO showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for MO and MB dyes, and the kinetic studies suggest that the degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO–CuCr_2O_4 nanocomposites can be attributed to the presence of CuCr_2O_4 as an electron acceptor, which improves the effective charge separation in CuO.

  1. Study on lithium extraction from brines based on LiMn2O4/Li1-xMn2O4 by electrochemical method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao, Meng-Yao; Ji, Zhi-Yong; Zhang, Yong-Guang; Guo, Zhi-Yuan; Zhao, Ying-Ying; Liu, Jie; Yuan, Jun-Sheng

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: •A recovery system with LiMn 2 O 4 /Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 as electrodes was used to extract lithium. •The influence sequence of coexisting ions on lithium extraction was Mg 2+ > Na + > Ca 2+ > K + . •The values of α Li-Na , α Li-Mg and α Li-Ca were more than 300, 70 and 110, respectively. •The specific energy consumption was between 18 and 19 W h·mol −1 . -- Abstract: Lithium rechargeable batteries have been used for lithium extraction in recent years. Here, we report on a highly selective lithium recovery system that consists of a LiMn 2 O 4 positive electrode, a Li 1-x Mn 2 O 4 negative electrode and a monovalent selective anion-exchange membrane. The effect of potential, temperature and coexisting ions on lithium extraction were investigated in this paper, and the lithium recovery system was applied to extract lithium from brine and concentrated seawater. The extraction capacity of Li + reached 34.31 mg· (1 g LiMn 2 O 4 ) −1 at 1.2 V. With higher reaction rate and lower energy consumption, 25 °C (room temperature) was considered as the appropriate temperature. The system still remained high selective for Li + even in the presence of impurity ions (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ). With simulated brine and concentrated seawater as source solutions, the concentrations of Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ were reduced more than 300, 70 and 100 times, consuming 18–19 W h per mole of lithium recovered. And the electrodes still had high separation coefficients of Li + and Me n+ (Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) after five cycles although a slight drop was existing.

  2. Role of doping and CuO segregation in improving the giant permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Capsoni, D.; Bini, M.; Massarotti, V.; Chiodelli, G.; Mozzatic, M.C.; Azzoni, C.B.

    2004-01-01

    The dopant role on the electric and dielectric properties of the perovskite-type CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (CCTO) compound is evidenced. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the relevant permittivity value attributed to sintered CCTO is due to grain boundary (g.b.) effects. The g.b. permittivity value of the pure CCTO can be increased of 1-2 orders of magnitude by cation substitution on Ti site and/or segregation of CuO phase, while the bulk permittivity keeps values 90εr180. Bulk and g.b. conductivity contributions are discussed: electrons are responsible for the charge transport and a mean bulk activation energy of 0.07eV is obtained at room temperature for all the examined samples. The g.b. activation energy ranges between 0.54 and 0.76eV. Defect models related to the transport properties are proposed, supported by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements

  3. Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of [Cu(mal(abpt(H2O].3/2H2O and [Cu2(sq(abpt 2].2H2O (mal = malonate, sq = squarate, abpt = 4-amino-3,5-di-2-pyridyl-4H-1,2,4 triazole

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eno A. Ededet

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Two new mixed-ligand complexes of formula [Cu(mal(abpt(H2O].3/2H2O (1 and [Cu2(sq(abpt2].2H2O (2 [mal = malonate, abpt = 4-amino-3,5-di-2-pyridyl-4H-1,2,4 triazole and sq = squarate], have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination and magnetic studies. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 14.0086(2 Å, b = 10.0980(2 Å, c = 25.630(4 Å; β = 97.5900(10 o, and Z = 8. Complex 2 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 7.5696(15 Å, b = 8.4697(17 Å, c = 11.049(2 Å; β = 93.00(3o, α = 96.98(3, γ = 90.111(3 and Z = 1. Complex 1 consist of a neutral mononuclear [Cu(mal(abpt(H2O] unit and water molecule of crystallization in a distorted square pyramidal coordination sphere, while complex 2 is viewed as being made up of [Cu(sq(abpt2] units with the squarato ligand bridging the two copper(II cations. Variable temperature magnetic behaviour of the complexes reveals the existence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction for complex 1 and weak ferromagnetic intrachain interaction for complex 2.

  4. Pb3O4 type antimony oxides MSb2O4 (M = Co, Ni) as anode for Li-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jibin, A.K.; Reddy, M.V.; Subba Rao, G.V.; Varadaraju, U.V.; Chowdari, B.V.R.

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Isostructural Pb 3 O 4 type MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) compounds were investigated as possible anodes for lithium ion batteries. The reversible capacity is due to electrochemically active Sb and the transition metal and Li 2 O form an inactive matrix which buffers volume variations associated with alloying-de-alloying of antimony. Highlights: ► Isostructural MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) were studied as anode for LIBs for first time. ► Li/MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) cells displayed reversibility due to electrochemically active Sb. ► CoSb 2 O 4 showed good reversibility compared to NiSb 2 O 4 . - Abstract: Polycrystalline samples of isostructural MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) have been prepared by solid state synthesis and lithium-storage is investigated as possible anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The reaction mechanism of lithium with MSb 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni) is explored by galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammogram and ex situ studies. Both CoSb 2 O 4 and NiSb 2 O 4 exhibit similar electrochemical behavior and show reversible capacity of 490 and 412 mAh g −1 respectively in the first cycle. Reversible alloying de-alloying of Li x Sb takes place in an amorphous matrix of M (Co, Ni) and Li 2 O during electrochemical cycling.

  5. Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with Fe3O4@SiO2 for immobilization of cellulase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Yue; Wang, Xiang-Yu; Jiang, Xiao-Ping; Ye, Jing-Jing; Zhang, Ye-Wang; Zhang, Xiao-Yun

    2015-01-01

    Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully fabricated by chemical binding of functional Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 and GO and applied to immobilization of cellulase via covalent attachment. The prepared composites were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were monodisperse spheres with a mean diameter of 17 ± 0.2 nm. The thickness of SiO 2 layer was calculated as being 6.5 ± 0.2 nm. The size of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 NPs was 24 ± 0.3 nm, similar to that of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –NH 2 . Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –GO composites were synthesized by linking of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –NH 2 NPs to GO with the catalysis of EDC and NHS. The prepared composites were used for immobilization of cellulase. A high immobilization yield and efficiency of above 90 % were obtained after the optimization. The half-life of immobilized cellulase (722 min) was 3.34-fold higher than that of free enzyme (216 min) at 50 °C. Compared with the free cellulase, the optimal temperature of the immobilized enzyme was not changed; but the optimal pH was shifted from 5.0 to 4.0, and the thermal stability was enhanced. The immobilized cellulase could be easily separated and reused under magnetic field. These results strongly indicate that the cellulase immobilized onto the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 –GO composite has potential applications in the production of bioethanol

  6. Fluorocarbon based atomic layer etching of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and etching selectivity of SiO{sub 2} over Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Chen [Department of Physics, and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); Metzler, Dominik; Oehrlein, Gottlieb S., E-mail: oehrlein@umd.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); Lai, Chiukin Steven; Hudson, Eric A. [Lam Research Corporation, 4400 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, California 94538 (United States)

    2016-07-15

    Angstrom-level plasma etching precision is required for semiconductor manufacturing of sub-10 nm critical dimension features. Atomic layer etching (ALE), achieved by a series of self-limited cycles, can precisely control etching depths by limiting the amount of chemical reactant available at the surface. Recently, SiO{sub 2} ALE has been achieved by deposition of a thin (several Angstroms) reactive fluorocarbon (FC) layer on the material surface using controlled FC precursor flow and subsequent low energy Ar{sup +} ion bombardment in a cyclic fashion. Low energy ion bombardment is used to remove the FC layer along with a limited amount of SiO{sub 2} from the surface. In the present article, the authors describe controlled etching of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and SiO{sub 2} layers of one to several Angstroms using this cyclic ALE approach. Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} etching and etching selectivity of SiO{sub 2} over Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} were studied and evaluated with regard to the dependence on maximum ion energy, etching step length (ESL), FC surface coverage, and precursor selection. Surface chemistries of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after vacuum transfer at each stage of the ALE process. Since Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} has a lower physical sputtering energy threshold than SiO{sub 2}, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} physical sputtering can take place after removal of chemical etchant at the end of each cycle for relatively high ion energies. Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} to SiO{sub 2} ALE etching selectivity was observed for these FC depleted conditions. By optimization of the ALE process parameters, e.g., low ion energies, short ESLs, and/or high FC film deposition per cycle, highly selective SiO{sub 2} to Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} etching can be achieved for FC accumulation conditions, where FC can be selectively accumulated on Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} surfaces. This highly selective etching is explained by a lower carbon consumption of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} as compared to SiO

  7. Novel Cu@SiO{sub 2}/bacterial cellulose nanofibers: Preparation and excellent performance in antibacterial activity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ma, Bo [Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094 (China); Department of Life Sciences of Lianyungang Teacher' s College, Sheng Hu Lu 28, Lianyungang 222006 (China); Huang, Yang; Zhu, Chunlin; Chen, Chuntao; Chen, Xiao; Fan, Mengmeng [Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094 (China); Sun, Dongping, E-mail: sundpe301@163.com [Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094 (China)

    2016-05-01

    The antibacterial composite based on bacterial cellulose (BC) was successfully prepared by in-situ synthesis of SiO{sub 2} coated Cu nanoparticles (Cu@SiO{sub 2}/BC) and its properties were characterized. Its chemical structures and morphologies were evaluated by Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the SiO{sub 2} coated Cu particles were well homogeneously precipitated on the surface of BC. The Cu@SiO{sub 2}/BC was more resistant to oxidation than the Cu nanoparticles impregnated into BC (Cu/BC) and then Cu@SiO{sub 2}/BC could prolong the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). - Graphical abstract: Schematic illustration of the preparation of Cu@SiO{sub 2}/BC. Due to its unique structure, the Cu@SiO{sub 2}/BC membrane shows excellent antibacterial effects and can be used for a long time. - Highlights: • This work paves the novel way to fabricate antibacterial nanomaterial with good efficiency. • We prepare the antibacterial membrane based on bacterial cellulose by in-situ synthesis of SiO{sub 2}-coated Cu nanoparticles. • The antibacterial membrane is more resistant to oxidation and can prolong the antimicrobial activity.

  8. Oxygen isotope effect in YBa2Cu3O7 prepared by burning YBa2Cu3 in 16O and 18O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yvon, Pascal J.; Schwarz, R. B.; Pierce, C. B.; Bernardez, L.; Conners, A.; Meisenheimer, R.

    1989-04-01

    We prepared YBa2Cu3 powder by ball milling a 2:1 molar mixture of the intermetallics BaCu and CuY. We synthesized YBa2Cu3(16O)7-x and YBa2Cu3(18O)7-x by oxidizing the YBa2Cu3 powder in 16O and 18O. The 16O/18O ratios were determined by laser-ionization and sputtering-ionization mass spectroscopy. The YBa2Cu3(160)7-x sample had 99.8 at. %16O, and the YBa2Cu3(18O)7-x sample had 96.5 at. %18O. Susceptibility measurements of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc=91.7 K for 16O; half-point transition at 84 K show an isotope effect of 0.4+/-0.1 K.

  9. Studies of the local distortions and the EPR parameters for Cu{sup 2+} in xLi{sub 2}O-(30-x)Na{sub 2}O-69.5B{sub 2}O glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ding, Chang-Chun; Wu, Shao-Yi; Kuang, Min-Quan; Hu, Xian-Fen; Li, Guo-Liang [Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China). Dept. of Applied Physics

    2016-07-01

    The local distortions and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters for Cu2+ in lithium sodium borate (LNB) glasses xLi{sub 2}O.(30-x).Na{sub 2}O.69.5B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (5 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) are theoretically studied at various concentrations x in a consistent way. Owing to the Jahn-Teller effect, the [CuO{sub 6}]{sup 10-} clusters are found to experience the significant tetragonal elongations of 16% along C{sub 4} axis. Despite the nearly unchanging observed g factors, measured d-d transition band (or cubic field parameter Dq) shows remarkable linear increases with concentration x, whose influences on g {sub parallel} and g {sub perpendicular} {sub to} are actually cancelled by the linearly increasing covalency factor N and relative elongation ratio η with x. The almost unvarying hyperfine structure constants are attributed to the fact that the influences of the linearly increasing N and the linearly decreasing core polarisation constant κ largely cancel one another. The microscopic mechanisms of the above concentration dependences for these quantities are illustrated from mixed alkali effect (modification of B{sub 2}O{sub 3} network by transforming some BO{sub 3} units into BO{sub 4} ones with variations in modifier Li{sub 2}O concentration).

  10. In vitro metabolism and stability of the actinide chelating agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Taylor A; Furimsky, Anna M; Swezey, Robert; Bunin, Deborah I; Byrge, Patricia; Iyer, Lalitha V; Chang, Polly Y; Abergel, Rebecca J

    2015-05-01

    The hydroxypyridinonate ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is currently under development for radionuclide chelation therapy. The preclinical characterization of this highly promising ligand comprised the evaluation of its in vitro properties, including microsomal, plasma, and gastrointestinal fluid stability, cytochrome P450 inhibition, plasma protein binding, and intestinal absorption using the Caco-2 cell line. When mixed with active human liver microsomes, no loss of parent compound was observed after 60 min, indicating compound stability in the presence of liver microsomal P450. At the tested concentrations, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) did not significantly influence the activities of any of the cytochromal isoforms screened. Thus, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is unlikely to cause drug-drug interactions by inhibiting the metabolic clearance of coadministered drugs metabolized by these enzymes. Plasma protein-binding assays revealed that the compound is protein-bound in dogs and less extensively in rats and humans. In the plasma stability study, the compound was stable after 1 h at 37°C in mouse, rat, dog, and human plasma samples. Finally, a bidirectional permeability assay demonstrated that 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is not permeable across the Caco-2 monolayer, highlighting the need to further evaluate the effects of various compounds with known permeability enhancement properties on the permeability of the ligand in future studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

  11. Low-temperature conducting channel switching in hybrid Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}/n-Si structures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vikulov, V.A., E-mail: vikulov@iacp.dvo.ru [Institute of Automation and Control Processes, FEB RAS, 5 Radio Street, 690041 Vladivostok (Russian Federation); Dimitriev, A.A.; Balashev, V.V.; Pisarenko, T.A.; Korobtsov, V.V. [Institute of Automation and Control Processes, FEB RAS, 5 Radio Street, 690041 Vladivostok (Russian Federation); School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok (Russian Federation)

    2016-09-15

    Highlights: • Conducting channel switching between the polycrystalline Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} film and the n-Si substrate takes place in the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}/SiO{sub 2}/n-Si structure at temperature below 125 K. • This effect occurs via the field-assisted tunneling through the composite insulating layer that consists of the highly resistive Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and the tunnel SiO{sub 2}. • The switching is attended by a change in the shape of the current-voltage characteristics from the linear at 300 K to the S-type at 80 K. - Abstract: The carrier transport properties of the polycrystalline magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}) films grown on an n-type Si substrate with 5 nm-thick SiO{sub 2} have been investigated between 80 and 300 K in current-in-plane geometry. It was established that at temperature decrease to about 120 K, the resistivity of thin Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} films increases up to a peak value and then abruptly drops. This process is attended by a change in the shape of the current-voltage characteristics from the linear at 300 K to the S-type at 80 K. The observed peculiarities are explained by conducting channel switching from the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} film to the Si substrate via the field-assisted tunneling of carriers through the composite insulating layer consisting of highly resistive Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and tunnel SiO{sub 2}.

  12. Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive LiCl-KCl Waste Salt by Using SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5(SAP) Inorganic Composite: Part 2. The Effect of SAP Composition on Stabilization/Solidification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahn, Soo Na; Park, Hwan Seo; Cho, In Hak; Kim, In Tae; Cho, Yong Zun

    2012-01-01

    Metal chloride waste is generated as a main waste streams in a series of electrolytic processes of a pyrochemical process. Different from carbonate or nitrate salt, metal chloride is not decomposed into oxide and chlorine but it is just vaporized. Also, it has low compatibility with conventional silicate glasses. Our research group adapted the dechlorination approach for the immobilization of waste salt. In this study, the composition of SAP (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 ) was adjusted to enhance the reactivity and to simplify the solidification process as a subsequent research. The addition of Fe 2 O 3 into the basic SAP decreased the SAP/Salt ratio in weight from 3 for SAP 1071 to 2.25 for M-SAP(Fe=0.1). The experimental results indicated that the addition of Fe 2 O 3 increased the reactivity of M-SAP with LiCl-KCl but the reactivity gradually decreased above Fe=0.1. Also, introducing B 2 O 3 into M-SAP requires no glass binder for the consolidation of reaction products. U-SAP (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 ) could effectively dechlorinate the LiCl-KCl waste and its reaction product could be consolidated as a monolithic form without a glass binder. The leaching test result indicated that U-SAP 1071 was more durable than other SAPs wasteform. By using U-SAP, 1 g of waste salt could generated 3 - 4 g of wasteform for final disposal. The final volume would be about 3 - 4 times lower than the glass-bonded sodalite. From these results, it could be concluded that the dechlorination approach using U-SAP would be one of prospective methods to manage the volatile waste salt.

  13. Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid sandwich-type tungstoantimonate [Cu(en)2(H2O)]4[Cu(en)2(H2O)2][Cu2Na4(α-SbW9O33)2]·6H2O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Yingjie; Cao, Jing; Wang, Yujie; Li, Yanzhou; Zhao, Junwei; Chen, Lijuan; Ma, Pengtao; Niu, Jingyang

    2014-01-01

    An organic–inorganic hybrid sandwich-type tungstoantimonate [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O)] 4 [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ][Cu 2 Na 4 (α-SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ]·6H 2 O (1) has been synthesized by reaction of Sb 2 O 3 , Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O, CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O with en (en=ethanediamine) under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, IR spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 displays a centric dimeric structure formed by two equivalent trivacant Keggin [α-SbW 9 O 33 ] 9− subunits sandwiching a hexagonal (Cu 2 Na 4 ) cluster. Moreover, those related hexagonal hexa-metal cluster sandwiched tungstoantimonates have been also summarized and compared. The variable-temperature magnetic measurements of 1 exhibit the weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions within the hexagonal (Cu 2 Na 4 ) cluster mediated by the oxygen bridges. - Graphical abstract: An organic–inorganic hybrid (Cu 2 Na 4 ) sandwiched tungstoantimonate [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O)] 4 [Cu (en) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ][Cu 2 Na 4 (α-SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ]·6H 2 O was synthesized and magnetic properties was investigated. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Organic–inorganic hybrid sandwich-type tungstoantimonate. • (Cu 2 Na 4 sandwiched) tungstoantimonate [Cu 2 Na 4 (α-SbW 9 O 33 ) 2 ] 10− . • Ferromagnetic tungstoantimonate

  14. THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MELTS OF DOUBLE SYSTEM MgO – Al2O3, MgOSiO2, MgO – CaF2, Al2O3SiO2, Al2O3 – CaF2, SiO2 – CaF2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    В. Судавцова

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Methodology of prognostication of thermodynamics properties of melts is presented from the coordinatesof liquidus of diagram of the state in area of equilibria a hard component is solution, on which energies ofmixing of Gibbs are expected in the double border systems of MgO – Al2O3, MgOSiO2, MgO – CaF2,Al2O3SiO2, Al2O3 - CaF2, SiO2 - CaF2. For the areas of equilibrium there is quasibinary connection(MgAl2O4, Mg2SiO4, Al6Si2O13 – a grout at calculations was used equalization of Hauffe-Wagner. Theobtained data comport with literary

  15. Deposition of stress free c-axis oriented LiNbO3 thin film grown on (002) ZnO coated Si substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shandilya, Swati; Gupta, Vinay; Tomar, Monika

    2012-01-01

    C-axis oriented lithium niobate thin films have been deposited on Si substrate using RF sputtering technique. A thin buffer layer of c-axis (002) oriented ZnO on Si substrate has been used as a nucleating layer to promote the growth of (006) oriented LiNbO 3 film. The processing gas composition and pressure are found to be very critical in obtaining stress free LiNbO 3 film having desired (006) orientation. The LiNbO 3 films deposited under unique combination of sputtering pressure (10 mTorr) and argon percentage (80%) in reactive gas (Ar + O 2 ) composition become almost stress free having lattice parameter (1.3867 A) close to the bulk value. The observed variation in the structural properties and optical phonon modes observed by Raman spectroscopic studies of the oriented LiNbO 3 thin film with stress has been correlated with growth kinetics.

  16. La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Synthesis, structure and {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bartsch, Timo; Eul, Matthias; Poettgen, Rainer [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Benndorf, Christopher; Eckert, Hellmut [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. of Physics

    2016-04-01

    The phosphide oxides La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} were synthesized from lanthanum, copper(I) oxide, red phosphorus, and lanthanum(III) chloride through a ceramic technique. Single crystals can be grown in a NaCl/KCl flux. Both structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: I4/mmm, a = 403.89(4), c = 2681.7(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0660, 269 F{sup 2} values, 19 variables for La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and a = 407.52(5), c = 4056.8(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0905, 426 F{sup 2} values, 27 variables for La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Refinement of the occupancy parameters revealed full occupancy for the oxygen sites in both compounds. The structures are composed of cationic (La{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layers and covalently bonded (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} polyanionic layers with metallic characteristics, and an additional La{sup 3+} between two adjacent (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} layers. The structure of La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} comprises two additional LaOCl slabs per unit cell. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility studies revealed Pauli paramagnetism. The phosphide substructure of La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} was studied by {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy. By using a suitable dipolar re-coupling approach the two distinct resonances belonging to the P{sub 2}{sup 4-} and the P{sup 3-} units could be identified.

  17. Zr doping effect with low-cost solid-state reaction method to synthesize submicron Li4Ti5O12 anode material

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, Inseok; Lee, Cheul-Ro; Kim, Jae-Kwang

    2017-09-01

    To improve the electrochemical properties, fine Zr-doping Li4Ti5O12 anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries with a uniform particle size distribution were synthesized by a modified solid-state reaction using fine Li2CO3 and TiO2 (anatase) powders as precursors with a Li:Ti molar ratio of 4:5. The use of fine Li2CO3 and TiO2 (anatase) powders as precursors prevented the formation of ZrO2 at 0.1 mol Zr-doping. XRD analysis revealed that the substitution of Zr for Ti leads to the increase of lattice parameters, allowing improved Li diffusion. The discharge capacity retention increased slightly with Zr-doping and the 0.1 mol Zr-doped Li4Ti5O12 electrode achieved 99% retention of discharge capacity.

  18. High Tap Density Li4Ti5O12 Microspheres: Synthetic Conditions and Advanced Electrochemical Performance

    KAUST Repository

    Ming, Jun; Zheng, Junwei; Zhou, Qun; Ren, Jianxin; Ming, Hai; Jia, Zhenyong; Zhang, Yanqing

    2017-01-01

    Preparation of uniform spherical Li4Ti5O12 with high tap density is significant to achieve a high volumetric energy density in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, Li4Ti5O12 micro-spheres with variable tap-density and tunable size distribution were synthesized by a newly designed industrial spray drying approach. The slurry concentration, sintering time and sintering conditions after spray, the effect of Li/Ti molar ratio on the lithium ion (Li+) storage capability were investigated. A narrow particle size distribution around 10 μm and high tap-density close to 1.4 g cm-3 of the Li4Ti5O12 spheres can be obtained under the optimized conditions. The Li4Ti5O12 spheres can deliver much higher capacity of 168 mAh g-1 at 1 C-rate and show high capacity retention of 97.7% over 400 cycles. The synthetic conditions are confirmed to be critical for improving the electron conductivity and Li+ diffusivity by adjusting the crystal and spatial structures. As-prepared high performance Li4Ti5O12 is an ideal electrode for Li-ion batteries or capacitors; meanwhile the presented approach is also applicable for preparing other kind of spherical materials.

  19. High Tap Density Li4Ti5O12 Microspheres: Synthetic Conditions and Advanced Electrochemical Performance

    KAUST Repository

    Ming, Jun

    2017-03-17

    Preparation of uniform spherical Li4Ti5O12 with high tap density is significant to achieve a high volumetric energy density in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, Li4Ti5O12 micro-spheres with variable tap-density and tunable size distribution were synthesized by a newly designed industrial spray drying approach. The slurry concentration, sintering time and sintering conditions after spray, the effect of Li/Ti molar ratio on the lithium ion (Li+) storage capability were investigated. A narrow particle size distribution around 10 μm and high tap-density close to 1.4 g cm-3 of the Li4Ti5O12 spheres can be obtained under the optimized conditions. The Li4Ti5O12 spheres can deliver much higher capacity of 168 mAh g-1 at 1 C-rate and show high capacity retention of 97.7% over 400 cycles. The synthetic conditions are confirmed to be critical for improving the electron conductivity and Li+ diffusivity by adjusting the crystal and spatial structures. As-prepared high performance Li4Ti5O12 is an ideal electrode for Li-ion batteries or capacitors; meanwhile the presented approach is also applicable for preparing other kind of spherical materials.

  20. Enhanced ferro-and piezoelectric properties of Bi4Ti3O12-CaBi4Ti4O15 thin film on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, J.; Hu, G. D.

    2018-05-01

    Bi4Ti3O12-CaBi4Ti4O15 (BT-CBTi) film was fabricated on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by the sol-gel method. The intergrowth structure was demonstrated to be obtained both in the film and corresponding powder sample according to x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The good fatigue resistance as well as a strong charge-retaining ability can be obtained in the intergrowth BT-CBTi film. The remanent polarization (P r ) and coercive field (E c ) for BT-CBTi film was about 28 μC cm‑2 and 150 kV cm‑1 under an electric field of 540 kV cm‑1, respectively. The P r value of purely (100)-oriented BT-CBTi film can be roughly estimated to be higher than 50 μC cm‑2 based on both the volume fraction of (100)-oriented grains and the piezoelectric properties. The P r value of BT-CBTi film is about 50 μC cm‑2 under an electric field of 1100 kV cm‑1 in predominently (100)-oriented BT-CBTi film. It means that it is reasonable to predict the performance of (100)-oriented BT-CBTi films based on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the polycrystalline BT-CBTi film. The spontaneous polarization is larger than 80 μC cm‑2 under an electric field of 1100 kV cm‑1.

  1. Thermal conductivity and tritium retention in Li2O and Li2ZrO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billone, M.C.

    1997-01-01

    Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) and lithium zirconate (Li 2 ZrO 3 ) are promising ceramic breeder materials for fusion reactor blankets. The thermal and tritium transport databases for these materials are reviewed. Algorithms are presented for predicting both the temperature distribution and the retained tritium profile across sintered-product and pebble-bed regions. Sample design calculations are also performed to demonstrate the relative advantages of each breeder ceramic. For Li 2 O, the thermal conductivity of sintered-product material has been measured over a wide range of temperatures and densities. Data are also available for the effective thermal conductivity of a pebble bed (in atmospheric helium) with 55% packing fraction for the 5-mm-diameter/75%-dense pebbles. Similar results are available for sintered-product and pebble-bed (60% packing fraction for 1.2-mm-diameter/80%-dense pebbles in atmospheric He) Li 2 ZrO 3 . Hall and Martin model predictions are in reasonable agreement with both sets of pebble bed data. Thus, the databases and calculational algorithms are well established for performing thermal analyses. 15 refs., 5 figs

  2. Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2MoO6 composite as magnetically separable photocatalyst

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hou, Xuemei; Tian, Yanlong; Zhang, Xiang; Dou, Shuliang; Pan, Lei; Wang, Wenjia; Li, Yao; Zhao, Jiupeng

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 composite was prepared by a hydrothermal method. • The composite has an enhanced visible absorption compared with pure Bi 2 MoO 6 . • The magnetic photocatalyst displayed excellent stability and reusability. • O 2 ·− and · OH play a major role during the photocatalytic process. - Abstract: In this paper, Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 microspheres were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed that flower-like three dimensional (3D) Bi 2 MoO 6 microspheres were decorated with Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 magnetic nanoparticles. The UV–vis diffuse reflection spectra showed extended absorption within the visible light range compared with pure Bi 2 MoO 6 . We evaluated the photocatalytic activities of Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 microspheres on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation and found that the obtained composite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure Bi 2 MoO 6 and P25. Moreover, the Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 composite also displayed excellent stability and their photocatalytic activity decreased slightly after reusing 5 cycles. Meanwhile, the composite could be easily separated by applying an external magnetic field. The trapping experiment results suggest that superoxide radical species O 2 ·− and hydroxyl radicals · OH play a major role in Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 system under visible light irradiation. The combination of flower-like three dimensional (3D) Bi 2 MoO 6 microspheres and Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 magnetic nanospheres provides a useful strategy for designing multifunctional nanostructure materials with enhanced photocatalytic activities in the potential applications of water purification

  3. Lithium ion diffusion in Li4+xTi5O12: From ab initio studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Y.C.; Ouyang, C.Y.; Song, L.J.; Sun, Z.L.

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Li diffusion pathways in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and Li 7 Ti 5 O 12 are obtained from ab initio calculations. → Cooperative Li migration in Li 7+δ Ti 5 O 12 with very low energy barrier is proposed. → Li diffusion is faster in lithiated state than in delithiated state is confirmed theoretically. - Abstract: Lithium ion dynamics in Li 4+x Ti 5 O 12 spinel are investigated from first principles calculations. The diffusion pathways are optimized and the energy barriers of lithium migration under four types of dilute defect extremes: Li 4+δ Ti 5 O 12 , Li 4-δ Ti 5 O 12 , Li 7+δ Ti 5 O 12 and Li 7-δ Ti 5 O 12 (δ << 1) are calculated with the nudged elastic band method. Results show that lithium diffusion in the charged state (energy barriers are 1.0 and 0.7 eV for interstitial Li and Li vacancy diffusion, respectively) is much slower than in the discharged state (energy barriers are 0.13 and 0.35 eV for interstitial Li and Li vacancy diffusion, respectively). The diffusion coefficients are evaluated based on lattice gas model and hopping mechanism. The obtained results are compared with available experimental data within a two-phase co-existence framework.

  4. Vitrocerâmicas do sistema Li2O Al2O3 SiO2 (LAS) via siterização com cristalização corrente.

    OpenAIRE

    Viviane Oliveira Soares

    2007-01-01

    Os vidros do sistema LAS (Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2) vêm sendo estudados para obtenção de vitrocerâmicas com coeficiente de expansão térmica próximo de zero, que são necessárias em aplicações que requerem elevada resistência ao choque térmico. No entanto a obtenção destas vitrocerâmicas ainda está muito limitada à utilização de técnicas tradicionais de fusão e conformação seguida por nucleação (induzida pela adição de catalisadores) e crescimento de cristais no volume de peças monolít...

  5. Electrochemical properties of spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles\

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Senna, M.; Fabián, M.; Kavan, Ladislav; Zukalová, Markéta; Briančin, J.; Turianicová, E.; Bottke, P.; Wilkening, M.; Šepelák, V.

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 20, č. 10 (2016), s. 2673-2683 ISSN 1432-8488 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-06511S Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : Li4Ti5O12 * reactive precursor * Li-ion battery Subject RIV: CG - Electrochemistry Impact factor: 2.316, year: 2016

  6. Li{sub 3}Gd{sub 3}Te{sub 2}O{sub 12}:Eu{sup 3+}- an intense red phosphor for solid state lighting applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tiwari, Hansnath [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India); Asiri Naidu, S. [Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh 521202 (India); Varadaraju, U.V., E-mail: varada@iitm.ac.in [Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India)

    2017-02-15

    Li{sub 3}Gd{sub 33x}Eu{sub 3x}Te{sub 2}O{sub 12} (x=0.05−1.0) phases with garnet structure were synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction and the photoluminescence properties were investigated. The appearance of bands due to intra 4 f transitions of Gd{sup 3+} in the excitation spectra recorded by monitoring the 612 nm emission line of the activator indicates Gd{sup 3+}→Eu{sup 3+} energy transfer in this host lattice. Under 395 nm excitation, the electric dipole transition is predominant in the emission spectrum of Eu{sup 3+} and is in agreement with the C{sub 2} point group (noncentrosymmetric) of the EuO{sub 8} polyhedron. The critical concentration of the Eu{sup 3+} activator in this series was found to be 0.6 (x=0.2) above which, concentration quenching occurs. The emission intensity of the phosphor composition, Li{sub 3}Gd{sub 2.4}Eu{sub 0.6}Te{sub 2}O{sub 12} is ~4 times that of the commercial sample of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor. - Highlights: • New Eu{sup 3+} doped garnet. • Intense electric dipole emission. • Gd{sup 3+}→Eu{sup 3+} energy transfer.

  7. Characterization of thin films of the solid electrolyte Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Put, Brecht; Vereecken, Philippe M; Mees, Maarten J; Rosciano, Fabio; Radu, Iuliana P; Stesmans, Andre

    2015-11-21

    RF-sputtered thin films of spinel Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 were investigated for use as solid electrolyte. The usage of this material can enable the fabrication of a lattice matched battery stack, which is predicted to lead to superior battery performance. Spinel Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 thin films, with stoichiometry (x) ranging between 0 and 0.25, were formed after a crystallization anneal as shown by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The stoichiometry of the films was evaluated by elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering and found to be slightly aluminum rich. The excellent electronic insulation properties were confirmed by both current-voltage measurements as well as by copper plating tests. The electrochemical stability window of the material was probed using cyclic voltammetry. Lithium plating and stripping was observed together with the formation of a Li-Pt alloy, indicating that Li-ions passed through the film. This observation contradicted with impedance measurements at open circuit potential, which showed no apparent Li-ion conductivity of the film. Impedance spectroscopy as a function of potential showed the occurrence of Li-ion intercalation into the Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 layers. When incorporating Li-ions in the material the ionic conductivity can be increased by 3 orders of magnitude. Therefore it is anticipated that the response of Li(x)Mg(1-2x)Al(2+x)O4 is more adequate for a buffer layer than as the solid electrolyte.

  8. Magnetically separable Cu{sub 2}O/chitosan–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization and visible-light photocatalytic performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cao, Chunhua [School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056 (China); Xiao, Ling, E-mail: xiaoling9119@whu.edu.cn [School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Chen, Chunhua [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056 (China); Cao, Qihua [School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)

    2015-04-01

    Highlights: • A novel magnetically-separable Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} photocatalyst was in situ prepared. • Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs had rough and porous chitosan surface layer embedded with Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NPs. • Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs showed large surface areas and special dimodal pore structure. • Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs showed superparamagnetism and could be easily magnetic separated. • Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs exhibited good visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability. - Abstract: A novel magnetically-separable visible-light-induced photocatalyst, Cu{sub 2}O/chitosan–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposite (Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NC), was prepared via a facile one-step precipitation–reduction process by using magnetic chitosan chelating copper ions as precursor. The structure and properties of Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDS, BET, VSM, XPS and UV–vis/DRS. The photocatalytic activity of Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs was evaluated by decolorization of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) under visible light irradiation. The characterization results indicated that Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs exhibited relatively large specific surface areas and special dimodal pore structure because Cu{sub 2}O was wrapped in chitosan matrix embedded with Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. The tight combination of magnetic Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and semiconductor Cu{sub 2}O through chitosan made the nanocomposites show good superparamagnetism and photocatalytic activity. It was found that X-3B could be decolorized more efficiently in acidic media than in neutral or alkaline media. The decolorization of X-3B was ascribed to the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and adsorption. Cu{sub 2}O/CS–Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} NCs could be easily separated from the solution by an external magnet, and the decolorization rates of X-3B

  9. Chemical solution deposition of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 thin film

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin film was successfully deposited on boron doped silica substrate by chemical solution deposition and rapid thermal processing. The phase and microstructure of the deposited films were studied as a function of sintering temperature, employing X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron ...

  10. Record high-nuclearity polyoxoniobates. Discrete nanoclusters {Nb_1_1_4}, {Nb_8_1}, and {Nb_5_2}, and extended frameworks based on {Cu_3Nb_7_8} and {Cu_4Nb_7_8}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jin, Lu; Zhu, Zeng-Kui; Wu, Yan-Lan; Qi, Yan-Jie; Li, Xin-Xiong; Zheng, Shou-Tian [State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian (China)

    2017-12-18

    A series containing the highest nuclearity polyoxoniobate (PONb) nanoclusters, ranging from dimers to tetramers, has been obtained. They include one 114-nuclear {Li_8 is contained in Nb_1_1_4O_3_1_6}, one 81-nuclear {Li_3K is contained in Nb_8_1O_2_2_5}, and one 52-nuclear {H_4Nb_5_2O_1_5_0}. The Nb nuclearity of these PONbs is remarkably larger than those of all known high-nuclearity PONbs (≤32). Furthermore, the introduction of 3d Cu{sup 2+} ions can lead to the generation of extended inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks built from novel, high-nuclearity, nanoscale heterometallic PONb building blocks {H_3Cu_3Nb_7_8O_2_2_2} or {H_3Cu_4(en)Nb_7_8O_2_2_2}. These building blocks also contain the largest number of Nb centers of any heterometallic PONbs reported to date. The synthesis of new-type PONbs has long been a challenging subject in PONb chemistry. (copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  11. CuO, MnO2 and Fe2O3 doped biomass ash as silica source for glass production in Thailand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Srisittipokakun

    Full Text Available In this research, glass productions from rice husk ash (RHA and the effect of BaO, CuO, MnO2 and Fe2O3 on physical and optical properties were investigated. All properties were compared with glass made from SiO2 using same preparations. The results show that a higher density and refractive index of BaO, CuO, MnO2 and Fe2O3 doped in RHA glasses were obtained, compared with SiO2 glasses. The optical spectra show no significant difference between both glasses. The color of CuO glasses show blue from the absorption band near 800 nm (2B1g → 2B2g due to Cu2+ ion in octahedral coordination with a strong tetragonal distortion. The color of MnO2 glasses shows brown from broad band absorption at around 500 nm. This absorption band is assigned to a single allowed 5Eg → 5T2g transition which arises from the Mn3+ ions (3d4 configuration in octahedral symmetry. The yellow color derives from F2O3 glass due to the homogeneous distribution of Fe3+ (460 nm and Fe2+ (1050 nm ions in the glass matrices. Glass production from RHA is possible and is a new option for recycling waste from biomass power plant systems and air pollution reduction. Keywords: Rice husk ash, Glass, Optical, Physical

  12. Decomposition mechanisms and non-isothermal kinetics of LiHC_2O_4·H_2O

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2012-01-01

    The thermal decomposition process of LiHC2O4·H2O from 30 to 600 ℃ was investigated by the thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The phases decomposited at different temperature were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated the decompositions at 150, 170, and 420℃, relating to LiHC2O4, Li2C2O4, Li2C2O4, and Li2CO3, respectively. Reaction mechanisms in the whole sintering process were determined, and the model fitting kinetic approaches were applied to data for non...

  13. The light sensitivity of thermoluminescent materials: LiF:Mg,Cu,P, LiF:Mg,Ti and Al2O3:C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duggan, L.; Budzanowski, M.; Przegietka, K.; Reitsema, N.; Wong, J.; Kron, T.

    2000-01-01

    Many thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) materials exhibit a variation in read-out with light exposure (including both visible and UV radiation energy) which may cause problems in environmental dosimetry. The aim of the present study was to investigate this for three newer preparations of TLD material - LiF:Mg,Ti (GR-100, DML, China), LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N, TLD Niewiadomski and Co., Poland) and Al 2 O 3 :C (Stillwater Sciences, USA). TLDs irradiated to 1 or 10 Gy were exposed to light from a calibrated spectral lamp with three to four times higher UV component than sunlight. MCP-N proved to be approximately five times less light sensitive than GR-100. For both materials, the decay of the major glow peaks with increasing light exposure could be described by a single or dual exponential equation. Half lives for the major dosimetry peaks of GR-100, fit to a single exponential, were 1132 min (∼19 h) for peak 4 and 275 min (∼4((1)/(2)) h) for peak 5. The half lives for peak 4 of MCP-N, fit to a dual exponential, were 309 min (∼5 h) and 6627 min (∼4((1/2)) days). For MCP-N, this relates to approximately a loss of half the signal in 14 days of sun exposure (Polish summer). The readout of Al 2 O 3 :C increased with increasing light exposure and saturated after only 5 min at a level 26 times higher than the signal without light exposure

  14. Electric properties of La2O3/SiO2/4H-SiC MOS capacitors with different annealing temperatures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yucheng Wang

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work, we describe a rapid thermal annealing (RTA process for the La2O3/SiO2/4H-SiC interface and investigate its effect on the material’s electrical properties. Our results indicate that the trap charge density and interface state density (Dit are reduced as the RTA temperature increases due to the termination of residual carbon and dangling bonds. We demonstrate that the sample obtained after RTA at 500 °C has the highest breakdown electric field (Efb (7 MV/cm due to a decrease in the trap charge density and an improvement in the interfacial properties. However, when the RTA temperature reaches 600 °C or higher, a lower Efb value (1.2 MV/cm is obtained due to leakage routes generated by the crystallization of La2O3. Based on our results, we conclude that the ideal choice for the RTA temperature is 500 °C.

  15. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4/C composite using nano CoFe_2O_4 as precursor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, Kaipeng; Hu, Guorong; Du, Ke; Peng, Zhongdong; Cao, Yanbing

    2015-01-01

    LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4/C composite was synthesized by a solid state method with CoFe_2O_4 as the precursor and glucose as the carbon source. The composite consists of homogeneous Co–Fe distributed LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4 with its particles covered by nano-carbon layers, which could prevent the growth of the particles as well as form a fast path for electronic transmission during charging and discharging process. It shows excellent electrochemical performance as the cathode for lithium-ion batteries, which delivers discharge capacities of 154.6, 152.9, 135.4, 122.3, 105.2 and 91.3 mAh g"−"1 at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 C, respectively, and retains 94.6% of its initial discharge capacity after 30 cycles at 5 C. - Highlights: • Nano CoFe_2O_4 was prepared by a co-precipitation method. • LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4/C composite was synthesized using nano CoFe_2O_4 as a precursor. • Homogeneous Co–Fe distributed LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4 is obtained. • LiCo_1_/_3Fe_2_/_3PO_4/C composite exhibits a quite good electrochemical performance.

  16. Solid-state synthesis of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers from TiO{sub 2}-B

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yao, Wenjun [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); Zhuang, Wei [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816 (China); Ji, Xiaoyan [Division of Energy Science/Energy Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187 Sweden (Sweden); Chen, Jingjing; Lu, Xiaohua [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China); Wang, Changsong, E-mail: wcs@njtech.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009 (China)

    2016-03-15

    Highlights: • The Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers were synthesized from TiO{sub 2}-B whiskers via a solid state reaction. • The TiO{sub 2}-B crystal structure for lithium diffusion is easier than anatase. • The separated diffusion and reaction process is crucial for the solid-state syntheses of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} whiskers. - Abstract: In this work, Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} (LTO) was synthesized from the precursors of TiO{sub 2}-B and anatase whiskers, respectively. The synthesized LTO whiskers from TiO{sub 2}-B whiskers via a solid state reaction at 650 °C have a high degree of crystallinity with an average diameter of 300 nm. However, when anatase whiskers were used as the precursor, only particle morphology LTO was produced at 750 °C. The further analysis of the precursors, the intermediate products and the final products reveal that the crystal structure of the anatase hinders the diffusion of lithium, leading to a typical reaction–diffusion process. Under this condition, only particle morphology LTO can be produced. However, the crystal structure of the TiO{sub 2}-B is easy for lithium diffusion and the process is performed in two separated steps (i.e., diffusion and reaction), which makes it possible to decrease the solid-state reaction temperature down to 650 °C and then maintain the morphologies of whiskers.

  17. Phase relations in the systems M2MoO4-Cr2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 (M=Li, Na, or Rb)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bazarov, B.G.; Chimitova, O.D.; Bazarova, Ts.T.; Arkhincheeva, S.I.; Bazarova, Zh.G.

    2008-01-01

    Phase equilibria in the systems M 2 MoO 4 -Cr 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 -Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 (M=Li, Na, or Rb) were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, DTA, and IR spectroscopy. The subsolidus structure of the phase diagrams of the systems under study was established. Two phases are formed in the Rb 2 MoO 4 -Cr 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 -Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 system with the molar ratios of the starting components equal to 5:1:1 (S 2 ) and 1:1:1 (S 1 ). Proceeding from isostructural character of Rb 5 FeHf(MoO 4 ) 6 and S 2 , the unit cell parameters are determined for S 2 [ru

  18. Al2O3-Cact-(CuO, Cr2O3, Co3O4 Adsorbents-Catalysts: Preparation and Characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gitana DABRILAITĖ-KUDŽMIENĖ

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Al2O3-Cact-(CuO, Cr2O3 Co3O4 adsorbents-catalysts were prepared using Al2O3-Cact (alumina gel–activated carbon adsorbent and different amount of CuO, Cr2O3 and Co3O4. The active components were incorporated into wet alumina gel–carbon mixture using different conditions (by sol-gel method and mixing a milled metal oxides. Equilibrium adsorptive capacity measurements of alcohol vapours were carried out in order to determine the influence of preparation conditions on the stability of prepared adsorbents–catalysts. Specific surface area of the prepared adsorbents-catalysts were measured by BET method. It was established that for adsorbent-catalyst produced by sol-gel method SBET = 244.7 m2/g. Surface area SBET = 29.32 m2/g was obtained for adsorbent-catalyst with metal oxides. On the basis of these results it was assumed that active carbon was lost in this adsorbent-catalyst during the preparation process. Sol-gel derived adsorbent–catalyst was tested for the oxidation of methanol vapours. Catalytic oxidation was carried out in fixed-bed reactor. Experimental data indicate that adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent–catalyst is (3.232 – 3.259 mg/m3 CH3OH at relative air humidity is 40 % – 50 %. During a fast heating of CH3OH – saturated adsorbent-catalyst a part of adsorbate is converted to CO2 and H2O. Methanol conversion increases with increasing of adsorbent-catalyst heating rate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.19.1.3832

  19. Nanoporous LiMn2O4 spinel prepared at low temperature as cathode material for aqueous supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, F. X.; Xiao, S. Y.; Gao, X. W.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhang, H. P.; Wu, Y. P.; Holze, R.

    2013-11-01

    LiMn2O4 spinel was prepared by a hydrothermal method using α-MnO2 nanotubes as precursor at 180 °C, a temperature much lower than that in previously reported methods. It is nanoporous with a pore size of about 40-50 nm and a BET surface area of 9.76 m2 g-1. It exhibits a high specific capacitance of 189 F g-1 at 0.3 A g-1 as a cathode for an aqueous supercapacitor. Even at 12 A g-1, it still has a capacitance of 166 F g-1. After 1500 cycles, there is no evident capacity fading. The LiMn2O4 cathode can deliver an energy density of 31.9 Wh kg-1 at 3480 W kg-1 and even maintain 19.4 Wh kg-1 at about 5100 W kg-1 based on the mass of LiMn2O4.

  20. Effects of cationic substitution on the electronic and magnetic properties of manganocuprate with a layered Eu3Ba2Mn2Cu2O12 structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsubara, Ichiro; Funahashi, Ryoji; Ueno, Kazuo; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Kida, Noriaki; Ohno, Nobuhito

    1998-01-01

    Systematic studies on the effect of substitutions on the layered manganocuprate Eu 3 Ba 2 Mn 2 Cu 2 O 12 have been conducted. To introduce holes, the authors have made substitutions of Ca for Eu and/or Sc for Mn, (Eu 3-x Ca x )Ba 2 (Mn 2-y Sc y )Cu 2 O 12 . Single-phase compounds are obtained over a fairly wide range of x and y values for x ≤ 0.7 (y = 0), x ≤ 0.5 (y = 0.5), and x ≤ 0.1 (y = 1.0). The doped holes are received predominantly at the Mn-O site and change the charge of Mn from 3+ to 4+, and no superconductivity has been obtained for any sample. The electronic ground state of (Eu 3-x Ca x )Ba 2 (Mn 2-y Sc y )Cu 2 O 12 is discussed by comparing with that of the three-dimensional perovskite La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 and K 2 NiF 4 -type La 1-x Sr 1+x MnO 4 compounds. The substitution of Sr for Ba gives rise to a different crystal structure, the Sr 3 Ti 2 O 7 structure

  1. Effects of B2O3-Li2O additions on the dielectric properties of screen printing Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thick films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zeng, Yike; Gao, Can; Zhang, Guangzu; Jiang, Shenglin

    2012-01-01

    Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 (BST) thick films were fabricated on Al 2 O 3 substrate via the screen printing technology by using B 2 O 3 -Li 2 O additions as liquid-phase sintering aids. The effects of doping of B 2 O 3 and Li 2 CO 3 on the phase compositions, microstructures, and dielectric tunable properties of the thick films were investigated systematically. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that BST diffraction peaks shifted toward higher angle with the B 2 O 3 -Li 2 O doping content, which indicated the substitution of B 3+ and Li + in Ba 2+ site. It was also found that the grain size and electrical properties of the thick film were strongly affected by the glass content. The grain size and the relative permittivity decreased obviously with the increase of B 2 O 3 -Li 2 O additive. In addition, for the thick film with 4.5 wt% glass content, optimized sintering, and electrical properties were obtained: the sintering temperature of 900 C, relative permittivity of 312 (at 10 kHz), dielectric loss of 0.0039, tunability of 16.2% (at 3 kV/mm). These good sintering and electrical properties indicate that BST thick film with B 2 O 3 -Li 2 O addition is benefit for the development of LTCC technology and tunable devices. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  2. Direct Rehydrogenation of LiBH4 from H-Deficient Li2B12H12−x

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yigang Yan

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Li2B12H12 is commonly considered as a boron sink hindering the reversible hydrogen sorption of LiBH4. Recently, in the dehydrogenation process of LiBH4 an amorphous H-deficient Li2B12H12−x phase was observed. In the present study, we investigate the rehydrogenation properties of Li2B12H12−x to form LiBH4. With addition of nanostructured cobalt boride in a 1:1 mass ratio, the rehydrogenation properties of Li2B12H12−x are improved, where LiBH4 forms under milder conditions (e.g., 400 °C, 100 bar H2 with a yield of 68%. The active catalytic species in the reversible sorption reaction is suggested to be nonmetallic CoxB (x = 1 based on 11B MAS NMR experiments and its role has been discussed.

  3. Flexible Asymmetric Solid-State Supercapacitors by Highly Efficient 3D Nanostructured α-MnO2 and h-CuS Electrodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patil, Amar M; Lokhande, Abhishek C; Shinde, Pragati A; Lokhande, Chandrakant D

    2018-05-16

    A simplistic and economical chemical way has been used to prepare highly efficient nanostructured, manganese oxide (α-MnO 2 ) and hexagonal copper sulfide (h-CuS) electrodes directly on cheap and flexible stainless steel sheets. Flexible solid-state α-MnO 2 /flexible stainless steel (FSS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-LiClO 4 /h-CuS/FSS asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices have been fabricated using PVA-LiClO 4 gel electrolyte. Highly active surface areas of α-MnO 2 (75 m 2 g -1 ) and h-CuS (83 m 2 g -1 ) electrodes contribute to more electrochemical reactions at the electrode and electrolyte interface. The ASC device has a prolonged working potential of +1.8 V and accomplishes a capacitance of 109.12 F g -1 at 5 mV s -1 , energy density of 18.9 Wh kg -1 , and long-term electrochemical cycling with a capacity retention of 93.3% after 5000 cycles. Additionally, ASC devices were successful in glowing seven white-light-emitting diodes for more than 7 min after 30 s of charging. Outstandingly, real practical demonstration suggests "ready-to-sell" products for industries.

  4. Photoelectric properties and charge dynamics in ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} heterostructures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xiangyang, E-mail: lxy081276@126.com, E-mail: yzgu@henu.edu.cn; Wang, Shun; Gu, Yuzong, E-mail: lxy081276@126.com, E-mail: yzgu@henu.edu.cn [Institue of Microsystems Physics and School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China); Zhang, Jingwei; Zhang, Jiwei [The Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004 (China)

    2014-12-28

    ZnO nanowires arrays were preformed in a horizontal double-tube system. Two types of heterostructures (ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}) and three-dimensional solar cells were fabricated with ZnO nanowires arrays as working electrode, In{sub 2}O{sub 3} as buffer layer, and Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} as inorganic dye and hole collector. It is suggested that two types of heterostructures have the similar absorption properties with single Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}. However, the results of steady state and electric field-induced surface photovoltage indicate that ZnO nanowires/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} exhibits the higher photovoltaic response than ZnO nanowires/Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}. Using the transient surface photovoltage spectroscopy, we further studied the separation and transport mechanism of photogenerated charges. Furthermore, Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}/In{sub 2}O{sub 3}/ZnO cells presents the better performance than Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9}/ZnO cells and the highest efficiencies are about 6.4% and 5.2%, respectively. It is suggested that direct paths, interface barrier, built-in electric field, and double energy level matchings between conduction bands (Cu{sub 4}Bi{sub 4}S{sub 9} and In{sub 2}O{sub 3}, In{sub 2}O{sub 3} and ZnO) have obvious effect on the separation of photogenerated charges. Then we discussed the synthetic action on the charge dynamics from these factors.

  5. CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films obtained by stacking Cu and Al films using physical vapor deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castillo-Hernández, G.; Mayén-Hernández, S.; Castaño-Tostado, E.; DeMoure-Flores, F.; Campos-González, E.; Martínez-Alonso, C.; Santos-Cruz, J.

    2018-06-01

    CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 thin films were synthesized by the deposition of the precursor metals using the physical vapor deposition technique and subsequent annealing. Annealing was carried out for 4-6 h in open and nitrogen atmospheres respectively at temperatures of 900-1000 °C with control of heating and cooling ramps. The band gap measurements ranged from 3.3 to 4.5 eV. Electrical properties were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The preferred orientations of CuAlO2 and CuAl2O4 were found to be along the (1 1 2) and (3 1 1) planes, respectively. The phase percentages were quantified using a Rietveld refinement simulation and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the composition is very close to the stoichiometry of CuAlO2 samples and with excess of aluminum and deficiency of copper for CuAl2O4 respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy identified the principal planes in CuAlO2 and in CuAl2O4. Higher purities were achieved in nitrogen atmosphere with the control of the cooling ramps.

  6. New Ce{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12} garnet ceramic phosphor for white LED converters

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Khaidukov, N. [Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Zorenko, Yu.; Zorenko, T.; Iskaliyeva, A.; Paprocki, K. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University Bydgoszcz (Poland); Zhydachevskii, Y.; Suchocki, A. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland); Deun, R. van [L3 - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University (Belgium); Batentschuk, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering VI, Institute of Materials for Energy and Electronic Technology (i-IMEET), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (Germany)

    2017-05-15

    The results on crystallization and investigation of the luminescent properties of a new prospective ceramic phosphor based on the Ce{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12} silicate garnet are presented for the first time in this work. The luminescent properties of Ca{sub 2}YMgScSi{sub 3}O{sub 12}:Ce were compared with the properties of the reference Ca{sub 3}Sc{sub 2}Si{sub 3}O{sub 12}:Ce ceramic sample. Without any doubt, the results of this research can be suitable for the development of a new generation of white converters based on the Ca{sup 2+}-Si{sup 4+} garnet compounds. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  7. Improving low-temperature performance of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li4Ti5O12 full-cell by coating solid-state electrolyte Li-Al-Ti-P-O

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bi, Kun; Zhao, Shi-Xi; Huang, Chao; Nan, Ce-Wen

    2018-06-01

    Octahedral cathode materials LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), with primary particles size of 300-600 nm are prepared through one-step co-precipitation. Then solid-state electrolyte Li2O-Al2O3-TiO2-P2O5 (LATP) was coated on LNMO to form continuous surface-modification layer. There is no obviously difference of structure, morphology between coated LATP LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LATP-LNMO) and pristine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (P-LNMO). Low-temperature electrochemical performance of P-LNMO and LATP-LNMO electrodes, including charge-discharge capacity, cycle performance, middle discharge voltage and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), were measured systematically with three electrode. The results reveal that LATP-LNMO electrode presents superior electrochemical performance at low temperature, compared to P-LNMO electrode. At -20 °C, the capacity retention of LATP-LNMO (61%) is much higher than that of P-LNMO (39%). According to EIS, the enhancement of performance of LATP-LNMO cathode at low temperature can be attribute to LATP coating, which not only promotes lithium-ion diffusion at electrode/electrolyte interface but also decreases the charge transfer resistance. Finally, the electrochemical performances of full cell of LATP-LNMO or P-LNMO cathode vs Li4Ti5O12 anode are investigated. The energy density can be achieved to 270 Wh·Kg-1 at -20 °C if using LATP-LNMO, which is much better than that of P-LNMO.

  8. Comportamiento dieléctrico de cerámicos de CaCu3Ti4O12

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castro, M. S.

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available In this work, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction at 900°C for 12 h and sintered at 1100°C during 3 h. The main phase detected through X-ray diffraction (XRD was CCTO. Also, by means of Raman spectroscopy, it was observed a secondary phase rich in CuO. A dielectric constant higher than 13.000ε0 was obtained by Impedance spectroscopy measurements in the range between 25 to 106Hz. The value could be explained by the effect of dipolar and space charge polarization processes.En este trabajo se prepararon cerámicos basados en CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO por reacción en estado sólido a 900°C y posterior sinterizado a 1100°C. Mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX se comprobó la presencia de CCTO. A través de espectroscopía Raman se observó la presencia de una fase secundaria rica en CuO. Las mediciones de espectroscopía de impedancia demostraron que este material presenta una constante dieléctrica mayor a 13.000ε0 en el intervalo comprendido entre 25 y 106 Hz. Este valor es atribuido a la presencia de mecanismos de polarización de carga espacial y dipolar.

  9. Fluorcanasite, K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(F,OH)4 · H2O, a new mineral species from the Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia, and new data on canasite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khomyakov, A. P.; Nechelyustov, G. N.; Krivokoneva, G. K.; Rastsvetaeva, R. K.; Rozenberg, K. A.; Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V.

    2009-12-01

    Fluorcanasite is described, a new mineral species found in dumps of the Kirovsk apatite mine, Mt. Kukisvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The new mineral is associated with microcline, nepheline, aegirine, scherbakovite, lamprophyllite, pectolite, mosandrite, villiaumite, rasvumite, and molybdenite. It occurs as prismatic crystals up to 0.2-0.3 × 1-2 mm in size extending along [010]. Fluorcanasite is purple, transparent, with white streak and vitreous luster. The fracture is hackly along the extension and stepped in other directions. The mineral is brittle. The cleavage is eminent parallel to {100} and {201} and perfect parallel to {001}. D(meas) = 2.68(2) g/cm3 (volumetric method); D(calc) = 2.69 g/cm3. Fluorcanasite is biaxial, negative, n α = 1.538(1), n β = 1.546(1), n γ = 1.549(1), 2 V(meas) = 60(2)°, 2 V(calc) = 63°. Dispersion r > v. The new mineral is pleochroic according to the scheme N β > N γ > N α; N β is purple, N γ is lilac, and N α is amber-yellow. Orientation is as follows: b = N β, a∧ N γ = 3°, c∧ N α = 19°. Fluorcanasite is not luminescent in UV light and slowly decomposes in acid. The new mineral is monoclinic, space group Cm, a = 18.846(4), b = 7.242(1), c = 12.650(2) Å, β = 111.84(2)°, V = 1602.6(4) Å3, Z = 2. The strongest reflections [ d, Å( I)] in the X-ray powder pattern of a grainoriented sample are 2.915(100), 4.204(40), 5.872(36), 4.712(36), 2.358(32), 3.012(24), 2.310(24), 3.082(24) and the same reflections in a randomly oriented sample are 3.082(100), 2.915(85), 4.712(46), 4.204(41), 3.340(35), 5.872(33), 2.658(30). The chemical composition, determined with an electron microprobe, is as follows, wt %: 7.19 Na2O, 10.91 K2O, 19.55 CaO, 0.27 FeO, 2.08 MnO, 55.84 SiO2, 4.10 F, 2.22 H2O (determined on the basis of structural data), 1.73-O = F2; the total is 100.43. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of Si = 12, is K2.99Na3.00(Ca4.50Mn0.38·Fe{0.05/2+})Σ4.93Si12O29.93(F2.79OH1

  10. Carbon coated Li4Ti5O12 nanorods as superior anode material for high rate lithium ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luo, Hongjun; Shen, Laifa; Rui, Kun; Li, Hongsen; Zhang, Xiaogang

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •A novel approach has been developed to fabricate 1D Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanorods by a wet-chemical route. •Carbon coating layer effectively restrict the particle growth and enhance electronic conductivity. •The Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanorods exhibit remarkable rate capability and long cycle life. -- Abstract: We describe a novel approach for the synthesis of carbon coated Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C) nanorods for high rate lithium ion batteries. The carbon coated TiO 2 nanotubes using the glucose as carbon source are first synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. The commercial anatase TiO 2 powder is immersed in KOH sulotion and subsequently transforms into Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C in LiOH solution under hydrothermal condition. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption and Raman spectra are performed to characterize their morphologies and structures. Compared with the pristine Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , one-dimensional (1D) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanostructures show much better rate capability and cycling stability. The 1D Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C architectures effectively restrict the particle growth and enhance their electronic conductivity, enabling fast ion and electron transport

  11. Temperature and depth dependence of positron annihilation parameters in YBa2Cu3O/sub 7-x/ and La/sub 1.85/Sr/sub 0.15/CuO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lynn, K.G.; Usmar, S.G.; Nielsen, B.; van der Kolk, G.; Kanazawa, I.; Sferlazzo, P.; Moodenbaugh, A.R.

    1988-01-01

    The temperature dependence of the positron annihilation parameters for YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-//sub x/ x = 0.7, 0.4 and 0.0 and La/sub 1.85/Sr/sub 0.15/CuO 4 were measured. The depth dependence of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 was studied using a variable-energy positron beam showing a strong depth dependence in the Doppler line-shape extending up to an average depth of ∼5.0 μm. It was found that a transition in the Doppler line-shape parameter, ''S'', was associated with the superconducting transition temperature (T/sub c/) in YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 7-x/ x = 0.4 and 0.0 while no transition was observed in the nonsuperconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O/sub 6.3/. Positron lifetime parameters in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 were found to be consistent with positrons localized at open volume regions (probably unoccupied crystallographic sites) in this material with a lifetime of 210 psec at 300 K. These results indicate that the electron density at these unoccupied sites increases, using a free electron model, approximately 9% between 100 and 12 K

  12. Nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 anode material with excellent performance prepared by solid state reaction: The effect of precursor size and morphology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Xiangru; Hu, Hao; Huang, Sheng; Yu, Gaige; Gao, Lin; Liu, Haowen; Yu, Ying

    2013-01-01

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 has been prepared through solid state reaction by using axiolitic TiO 2 as precursor. • The prepared nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material shows excellent electrochemical performance. • The utilization of precursor with special morphology and size is one of the useful ways to prepare more active electrode materials. - Abstract: Spinel nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material of secondary lithium-ion battery has been successfully prepared by solid state reaction using axiolitic TiO 2 assembled by 10–20 nm nanoparticles and Li 2 CO 3 as precursors. The synthesis condition, grain size effect and corresponding electrochemical performance of the special Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 have been studied in comparison with those of the normal Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 originated from commercial TiO 2 . We also propose the mechanism that using the nano-scaled TiO 2 with special structure and unexcess Li 2 CO 3 as precursors can synthesize pure phase nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 at 800 °C through solid state reaction. The prepared nano-sized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material for Li-ion batteries shows excellent capacity performance with rate capacity of 174.2, 164.0, 157.4, 146.4 and 129.6 mA h g −1 at 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 C, respectively, and capacity retention of 95.1% after 100 cycles at 1 C. In addition, the specific capacity fade for the cell with the different Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 active materials resulted from the increase of internal resistance after 100 cycles is compared

  13. Li14P2O3N6 and Li7PN4: Computational study of two nitrogen rich crystalline LiPON electrolyte materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Al-Qawasmeh, Ahmad; Holzwarth, N. A. W.

    2017-10-01

    Two lithium oxonitridophosphate materials are computationally examined and found to be promising solid electrolytes for possible use in all solid-state batteries having metallic Li anodes - Li14P2O3N6 and Li7PN4. The first principles simulations are in good agreement with the structural analyses reported in the literature for these materials and the computed total energies indicate that both materials are stable with respect to decomposition into binary and ternary products. The computational results suggest that both materials are likely to form metastable interfaces with Li metal. The simulations also find both materials to have Li ion migration activation energies comparable or smaller than those of related Li ion electrolyte materials. Specifically, for Li7PN4, the experimentally measured activation energy can be explained by the migration of a Li ion vacancy stabilized by a small number of O2- ions substituting for N3- ions. For Li14P2O3N6, the activation energy for Li ion migration has not yet been experimentally measured, but simulations predict it to be smaller than that measured for Li7PN4.

  14. Photocatalytic properties of Co_3O_4/LiCoO_2 recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries using citric acid as leaching agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santana, I.L.; Moreira, T.F.M.; Lelis, M.F.F.; Freitas, M.B.J.G.

    2017-01-01

    In this work, cobalt and lithium from the cathodes of spent lithium-ion batteries were recycled to synthesize a mixture of Co_3O_4 and LiCoO_2. The positive electrode was leached with citric acid in the green recycling. After being heated to 85 °C, the leaching solution formed a pink sol, and after being dried at 120 °C for 24 h, it formed a gel, which is a precursor material for Co_3O_4 and LiCoO_2 synthesis. A mixture of Co_3O_4 and LT-LiCoO_2 was obtained after the calcination of the precursor material at 450 °C for 3 h. The photocatalytic properties of the Co_3O_4 and LiCoO_2 were tested in the discoloration of methylene blue dye. The discoloration efficiency of methylene blue dye in the presence of Co_3O_4 and LiCoO_2 was 90% after 10 h and 100% after 24 h of heterogeneous catalysis. The contribution of this work is that it presents a means to produce valuable materials with photocatalytic properties from recycled batteries through a spent Li-ion battery recycling process without polluting the environment. - Highlights: • Synthesis a mixture of Co_3O_4/LiCoO_2 from spent Li-ion batteries. • Citric acid for leaching of the cathodes of the spent Li-ion batteries. • Co_3O_4/LiCoO_2 as catalysts in the photodegradation of the methylene blue dye.

  15. Spark plasma sintering of α-Si3N4 ceramics with Al2O3 and Y2O3 as additives and its morphology transformation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ceja-Cardenas, L.; Lemus-Ruiz, J.; Jaramillo-Vigueras, D.; Torre, S.D. de la

    2010-01-01

    The spark plasma sintering SPS technique has been used to densify pure α-Si 3 N 4 commercial powder, having Y 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 additions; from 0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt% to 0, 1.5 and 3 wt%, respectively. Such powder admixtures were previously spray-dried at 160 o C in such a way that powder was thoroughly homogenized. Set sintering treatment included: 0-20 min holding time and 38 MPa axial load, sintering temperature of 1500 o C and heating rate of 300 o C/min. The maximum relative density developed on studied specimens ranged from 99.4 to 99.8% and could only be attained once the β-phase nucleated from the α-silicon nitride matrix. Obtained Si 3 N 4 composites combine both α- and β-phases. The later phase becomes evident trough the rod-like geometry, which forms throughout the presence of a liquid face. The largest hardness value developed (1588 Hv (20kgf) ) on studied ceramics (3M-series - 3 min) matched close to the corresponding counterpart found in literature (1600 Hv), the former developed in much shorter sintering times. Using X-ray diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscope SEM analyses, the two major phases of Si 3 N 4 were identified in the resultant microstructures. The morphology evolution of Si 3 N 4 particles as occurred upon SPS-sintering is analyzed.

  16. Redetermination of clinobaryl-ite, BaBe(2)Si(2)O(7).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Domizio, Adrien J Di; Downs, Robert T; Yang, Hexiong

    2012-10-01

    Clinobaryl-ite, ideally BaBe(2)Si(2)O(7) (chemical name barium diberyllium disilicate), is a sorosilicate mineral and dimorphic with baryl-ite. It belongs to a group of compounds characterized by the general formula BaM(2+) (2)Si(2)O(7), with M(2+) = Be, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, or Cu, among which the Be-, Fe-, and Cu-members have been found in nature. The crystal structure of clinobaryl-ite has been re-examined in this study based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected from a natural sample from the type locality (Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia). The structure of clinobaryl-ite can be considered as a framework of BeO(4) and SiO(4) tetra-hedra, with one of the O atoms coordinated to two Be and one Si, one coordinated to two Si, and two O atoms coordinated to one Si and one Be atom. The BeO(4) tetra-hedra share corners, forming chains parallel to the c axis, which are inter-linked by the Si(2)O(7) units oriented parallel to the a axis. The Ba(2+) cations (site symmetry m..) are in the framework channels and are coordinated by eleven O atoms in form of an irregular polyhedron. The Si-O(br) (bridging O atom, at site symmetry m..) bond length, the Si-O(nbr) (non-bridging O atoms) bond lengths, and the Si-O-Si angle within the Si(2)O(7) unit are in marked contrast to the corresponding values determined in the previous study [Krivovichev et al. (2004 ▶). N. Jb. Miner. Mh. pp. 373-384].

  17. Effects of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coatings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Changjie; Hu, Shuilian; Jiang, Yuanfei; Wu, Namei; Li, Mingsheng; Xin, Li; Zhu, Shenglong; Wang, Fuhui

    2014-11-01

    TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coatings of various Si content (0-5.09 at.%) were deposited on AISI-304 stainless steel by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of these coatings were systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), nanoindentation tester, a home-made indentation system, a scratch tester and a wear tester. Results indicated that with increasing Si content in these coatings, a reduction of grain size and surface roughness, a transformation of the (1 1 1) preferred orientation was detected by XRD and FESEM. Furthermore the hardness of these coatings increase from 9.672 GPa to 18.628 GPa, and the elastic modulus reveal the rising trend that increase from 224.654 GPa to 251.933 GPa. However, the elastic modulus of TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content dropped rapidly and changed to about 180.775 GPa. The H3/E2 ratio is proportional to the film resistance to plastic deformation. The H3/E2 ratio of the TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content possess of the maximum of 0.11 GPa, and the indentation test indicate that few and fine cracks were observed from its indentation morphologies. The growth pattern of cracks is mainly bending growing. The present results show that the best toughness is obtained for TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu nanocomposite coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content. In addition, the TiAlN/Si3N4-Cu coating containing 3.39 at.% Si content also has good adhesion property and superior wear resistance, and the wear mechanism is mainly adhesion wear.

  18. Redetermination of clinobarylite, BaBe2Si2O7

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adrien J. Di Domizio

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available Clinobarylite, ideally BaBe2Si2O7 (chemical name barium diberyllium disilicate, is a sorosilicate mineral and dimorphic with barylite. It belongs to a group of compounds characterized by the general formula BaM2+2Si2O7, with M2+ = Be, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, or Cu, among which the Be-, Fe-, and Cu-members have been found in nature. The crystal structure of clinobarylite has been re-examined in this study based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected from a natural sample from the type locality (Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The structure of clinobarylite can be considered as a framework of BeO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra, with one of the O atoms coordinated to two Be and one Si, one coordinated to two Si, and two O atoms coordinated to one Si and one Be atom. The BeO4 tetrahedra share corners, forming chains parallel to the c axis, which are interlinked by the Si2O7 units oriented parallel to the a axis. The Ba2+ cations (site symmetry m.. are in the framework channels and are coordinated by eleven O atoms in form of an irregular polyhedron. The Si—Obr (bridging O atom, at site symmetry m.. bond length, the Si—Onbr (non-bridging O atoms bond lengths, and the Si—O—Si angle within the Si2O7 unit are in marked contrast to the corresponding values determined in the previous study [Krivovichev et al. (2004. N. Jb. Miner. Mh. pp. 373–384].

  19. Effect of Different Nano-Sized Silica Sols as Supports on the Structure and Properties of Cu/SiO2 for Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chuancai Zhang

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Cu/x-SiO2 catalysts with 4, 10, and 20 nm silica sols as supports was produced by ammonia evaporation method and characterized. Different nano-sized silica sols as supports significantly affected the structure and catalytic properties of the copper catalysts for ethylene glycol synthesis from dimethyl oxalate. Compared with Cu/20-SiO2 and Cu/4-SiO2 catalysts, the catalytic performance and stability of Cu/10-SiO2 catalyst were greatly enhanced. The Cu/10-SiO2 catalyst showed 99.9% conversion with 94% EG selectivity and a lifetime of over 3080 h if it is calculated by industrial weight liquid hourly space velocity (WLHSV of 0.5 h−1. The Cu/10-SiO2 catalyst has one of the longest lifetimes among the catalysts and is a good alternative catalyst for this reaction. Improvement in the catalytic performance and stability of Cu/10-SiO2 is attributed to the proper SBET, Dp and larger dispersion of copper. In addition, the supports of Cu/10-SiO2 catalyst have smaller particles than that of Cu/20-SiO2; thus, the migration and growth of copper species in catalysts are restrained during the reaction.

  20. Enhancement in CO2 Adsorption Capacity and Selectivity in the Chalcogenide Aerogel CuSb2S4 by Post-synthetic Modification with LiCl

    KAUST Repository

    Ahmed, Ejaz

    2015-09-11

    The new chalcogel CuSb2S4 was obtained by reacting Cu(OAc)2·H2O with KSbS2 in a water/formamide mixture at room temperature. In order to modify the gas adsorption capacity the synthesized CuSb2S4 aerogel was loaded with different amounts of LiCl. CO2 adsorption measurements on the CuSb2S4 aerogel before and after treatment with LiCl showed more than three times increased uptake of the LiCl-modified chalcogel. The selectivities of the gas pairs CO2/H2 and CO2/CH4 in the LiCl-treated chalcogel are 235 and 105 respectively and amongst the highest reported for chalcogenide-based aerogels. In comparison with other porous materials like zeolites, activated carbon and most of the Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) or Porous Organic Frameworks (POFs), our synthesized aerogels show good air and moisture stability. Although, the CO2 storage capacity of our aerogels is relatively low, however the selectivity of CO2 over H2 or CH4 in LiCl-loaded aerogels are higher than in zeolites, activated carbon as well as some MOFs like Cu-BTC and MOF-5 etc.

  1. Thermodynamics of Bi2O3-SiO2 system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Onderka B.

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Bi2O3-SiO2 solutions were determined from the results of the electrochemical measurements by use of the solid oxide galvanic cells with YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia electrolyte. Activities of Bi2O3 in the solutions were determined for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 SiO2 mole fractions in the temperature range 1073-1293 K from measured electromotive force (e.m.f of the solid electrolyte galvanic cell: Bi, Bi2O3-SiO2 | YSZ | air (pO2 = 0.213 bar Additionally, heat capacity data obtained for two solid phases 6Bi2O3SiO2 and 2Bi2O33SiO2 were included into optimization of thermodynamic properties of the system. Optimization procedure was supported by differential thermal analysis (DTA data obtained in this work as well as those accepted from the literature. Using the data obtained in this work, and the information about phase equilibria found in the literature, binary system Bi2O3-SiO2 was assessed with the ThermoCalc software.

  2. Photocatalytic application of TiO2/SiO2-based magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2 for reusing of textile wastewater

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laleh Enayati Ahangar

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In this research we have developed a treatment method for textile wastewater by TiO2/SiO2-based magnetic nanocomposite. Textile wastewater includes a large variety of dyes and chemicals and needs treatments. This manuscript presents a facile method for removing dyes from the textile wastewater by using TiO2/SiO2-based nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2 under UV irradiation. This magnetic nanocomposite, as photocatalytically active composite, is synthesized via solution method in mild conditions. A large range of cationic, anionic and neutral dyes including: methyl orange, methylene blue, neutral red, bromocresol green and methyl red are used for treatment investigations. Neutral red and bromocresol green have good results in reusing treatment. The high surface area of nanocomposites improve the kinetic of wastewater treatment. In this method, by using the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, TiO2-based photocatalyst could be separated and reused for 3 times. The efficiency of this method is respectively 100% and 65% for low concentration (10 ppm and high concentration (50 ppm of neutral red and bromocrosol green after 3 h treatment. The efficiency of treatment using the second used nanocomposite was 90% for 10 ppm of the same dyes.

  3. Role of dopants in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohammadi, Kh.; Moussavi Zarandi, A.; Afarideh, H.; Shahmaleki, S.

    2013-01-01

    In this study, electronic structure of LiF crystal doped with Mg,Cu,P impurities was studied with WIEN2k code on the basis of FPLAPW+lo method. Results show that in Mg-doped LiF composition, an electronic trap was created with impurity concentration of 1.56% and 3.125%. In this condition, the electronic trap with increasing the percentage of the impurities up to 4.687% is annihilated. It was found, that by doping of Mg and Cu or P simultaneously, a hole-trap is created in valence band. It was realized that in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Cu impurity and Li atom, have a key role in creation of levels which lead to create electronic and hole traps. Mg impurity and F atom, only have a role in creation of electronic traps. In addition, P impurity has a main role in creation of the electronic and hole traps in LiF:Mg,Cu,P. The activation energy of electronic and hole trap in LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P crystalline lattice were obtained as 0.3 and 5.5 eV, 0.92 and 3.4 eV and 0.75 and 3.1 eV, respectively. - Graphical abstract: Figure (a) and (b) shows changes in electronic structure and band gap energy of LiF crystal due to presence of Mg and Cu, Mg and P ions respectively. - Highlights: • Electronic structure of LiF, LiF:Mg,Cu, LiF:Mg,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,P materials were studied with WIEN2K code. • In LiF:Mg,Cu and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Li atom and Cu impurity have a key role in creation of levels. • F atom and Mg impurity only have a role in creation of electronic traps. • In LiF:Mg,Cu,P, P impurity has a main role in creation of electronic and hole traps

  4. Aging behavior of an in-situ TiB2/Al-Cu-Li-x matrix composite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shen, Yanwei; Hong, Tianran; Geng, Jiwei; Han, Gaoyang; Chen, Dong; Li, Xianfeng; Wang, Haowei

    2017-01-01

    Transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and hardness tests have been performed on an in-situ TiB 2 /Al-3.3Cu-1.0Li-0.60Mg-0.40Ag-0.14Zr-0.13Si composite to study its aging behavior at 175 °C. A cubic phase suspected to be the σ (Al 5 Cu 6 Mg 2 ) phase or its variant is precipitated at all aging stages studied, and this phase is not typically observed in the Al-Cu-Li alloys. The primary hardening (aging for 3 h) phases consist of δ′ (Al 3 Li), β′ (Al 3 Zr) and the cubic phase. After aging for 18 h, all precipitates including T 1 (Al 2 CuLi), S (Al 2 CuMg), θ′ (Al 2 Cu), δ′, β′ and the cubic phase have appeared, and the formation of T 1 and S results in a rapid increase in hardness. With prolonging of aging time, the apparent coarsening of T 1 and S results in a decline in hardness. - Highlights: •The aging behavior of an in-situ TiB 2 /Al-Cu-Li-x composite was studied. •A cubic phase suspected to be σ (Al 5 Cu 6 Mg 2 ) or its variant was precipitated. •The hardness change was dominated by the evolution of T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) and S (Al 2 CuMg).

  5. Phase formation in the Rb2MoO4-Li2MoO4-Hf(MoO4)2 system and the crystal structure of Rb5(Li1/3Hf5/3)(MoO4)6

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Solodovnikov, S.F.; Zolotova, E.S.; Balsanova, L.V.; Bazarov, B.G.; Bazarova, Zh.G.

    2003-01-01

    Phase formation in the Rb 2 MoO 4 -Li 2 MoO 4 -Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 system is studied in subsolidus region in air by the method of crossing sections. Three ternary molybdates are detected in the system. Compositions of two of them are corroborated by selection of isostructural analogues [ru

  6. Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Liu, G

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Lithium-ion batteries are now well established in the market as the rechargeable power source. The spinel Li4Ti5O12 has many advantages over the graphite, although, which has been used as anode since lithium ion batteries was invented. Li4Ti5O12...

  7. Performance improvement of charge-trap memory by using a stacked Zr_0_._4_6Si_0_._5_4O_2/Al_2O_3 charge-trapping layer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tang, Zhenjie; Hu, Dan; Zhang, Xiwei; Zhao, Yage; Li, Rong

    2016-01-01

    The postdeposition annealing (PDA)-treated charge-trap flash memory capacitor with stacked Zr_0_._4_6Si_0_._5_4O_2/Al_2O_3 charge-trapping layer flanked by a SiO_2 tunneling oxide and an Al_2O_3 blocking oxide was fabricated and investigated. It is observed that the memory capacitor exhibits prominent memory characteristics with large memory windows 12.8 V in a ±10 V gate sweeping voltage range, faster program/erase speed, and good data-retention characteristics even at 125 C compared to a single charge-trapping layer (Zr_0_._4_6Si_0_._5_4O_2, Zr_0_._7_9Si_0_._2_1O_2, and Zr_0_._4_6Al_1_._0_8O_2_._5_4). The quantum wells and introduced interfacial traps of the stacked trapping layer regulate the storage and loss behavior of charges, and jointly contribute to the improved memory characteristics. Hence, the memory capacitor with a stacked trapping layer is a promising candidate in future nonvolatile charge-trap memory device design and application. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  8. Electronic structure of (La,Sr)2CuO4 and Ba0.6K0.4BiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Howell, R.H.; Sterne, P.A.; Fluss, M.J.; Kaiser, J.H.; Kitazawa, K.; Kojima, H.; Mosley, W.D.; Dykes, J.W.; Shelton, R.N.

    1995-01-01

    We have measured and calculated the electron-positron momentum distribution of La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 samples for Sr concentrations of 0, 0.1,0.13, and 0.2 and Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 3 . The momentum distribution of all samples contained features derived from the overlap of the positron distribution with the valence electrons. In addition, discontinuities typical of a Fermi surface are seen in the superconducting samples. The form and position of these features are in general agreement with band theory for both La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 and Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 3 . However the evolution of the Fermi surface with doping in La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 differed significantly from expectations based on single electron band theories. (orig.)

  9. Hydrogen-bonded Three-Dimensional Networks Encapsulating One-dimensional Covalent Chains: [Cu(3-ampy)(H2O)4](SO4)·(H2O) (3-ampy = 3-Aminopyridine)

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2007-01-01

    A three-dimensional complex [Cu(3-ampy)(H2O)4](SO4)·(H2O) (3-ampy = 3-aminopyridine) has been synthesized. Crystallographic data: C5H16CuN2O9S, Mr = 343.80, triclinic, space group P, a = 7.675(2), b = 8.225(3), c = 10.845(3) (A), α= 86.996(4), β = 76.292(4),γ = 68.890(4)°, V = 620.0(3) (A)3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.841 g/cm3, F(000) = 354 and μ = 1.971 mm-1. The structure was refined to R = 0.0269 and wR = 0.0659 for 1838 observed reflections (I > 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structure consists of [Cu(3-ampy)(H2O)4]2+ cations, SO42- anions and lattice water molecules. 3-Ampy acting as a bidentate bridging ligand generates a 1D covalent chain. A supramolecular 2D framework is formed through π-π stacking of pyridine rings. The lattice water molecules and SO42- anions are located between the adjacent 2D frameworks. The hydrogen bonding interactions from lattice water molecules and SO42- anions to coordinate water extend the 2D framework into a 3D network.

  10. Improved cycling performance of Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}-inlaid LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} cathode materials for lithium-ion battery under high cutoff voltage

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Manfang; Hu, Guorong; Liang, Longwei; Peng, Zhongdong; Du, Ke; Cao, Yanbing, E-mail: cybcsu@csu.edu.cn

    2016-07-15

    Uniform spherical xLi{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}-inlaid LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} materials were successfully prepared through a solid state synthesis. To investigate the material characterization and electrochemical performance after Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} modification, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical tests were applied. The results of the XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM and EDS analyses showed that a Mo atom may be incorporated into the crystal lattice of the layer structure. Moreover, the presence of Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} on the LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} surface was observed. The thickness of the Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} coating layer on the xLi{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}-inlaid LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} material (x = 0.02) was approximately 25 nm. Similarly, XPS was performed to determine the effect of Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} modification, confirming the presence of Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}. The xLi{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}-inlaid (x = 0.02) LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} materials exhibited a retention capacity 83.5% higher than that of the bare material (40.9%) after 200 cycles at 0.5 C between 3.0 and 4.4 V, and it also exhibited the best electrochemical properties at a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that the modification of Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} plays an important role in improving the electrochemical performance of pristine LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2}. - Highlights: • Electrochemical performance of LiNi{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 2} is improved by Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} modification. • Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} modification can make the structure of the bare material stable. • Li{sub 2}MoO{sub 4}-inlaid Li[Ni{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.2}Mn{sub 0.3}]O{sub 2

  11. Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy of 1,3-Butadiene Hydrogenation on 4 nm Pt@SiO 2 , Pd@SiO 2 , and Rh@SiO 2 Core–Shell Catalysts

    KAUST Repository

    Krier, James M.

    2015-01-14

    © 2014 American Chemical Society. 1,3-Butadiene (1,3-BD) hydrogenation was performed on 4 nm Pt, Pd, and Rh nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in SiO2 shells at 20, 60, and 100 °C. The core-shells were grown around polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated NPs (Stöber encapsulation) prepared by colloidal synthesis. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was performed to correlate surface intermediates observed in situ with reaction selectivity. It is shown that calcination is effective in removing PVP, and the SFG signal can be generated from the metal surface. Using SFG, it is possible to compare the surface vibrational spectrum of Pt@SiO2 (1,3-BD is hydrogenated through multiple paths and produces butane, 1-butene, and cis/trans-2-butene) to Pd@SiO2 (1,3-BD favors one path and produces 1-butene and cis/trans-2-butene). In contrast to Pt@SiO2 and Pd@SiO2, SFG and kinetic experiments of Rh@SiO2 show a permanent accumulation of organic material.

  12. High-energy X-ray powder diffraction and atomic-pair distribution-function studies of charged/discharged structures in carbon-hybridized Li2MnSiO4 nanoparticles as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moriya, Maki; Miyahara, Masahiko; Hokazono, Mana; Sasaki, Hirokazu; Nemoto, Atsushi; Katayama, Shingo; Akimoto, Yuji; Hirano, Shin-ichi; Ren, Yang

    2014-10-01

    The stable cycling performance with a high discharge capacity of ∼190 mAh g-1 in a carbon-hybridized Li2MnSiO4 nanostructured powder has prompted an experimental investigation of the charged/discharged structures using synchrotron-based and laboratory-based X-rays and atomic-pair distribution-function (PDF) analyses. A novel method of in-situ spray pyrolysis of a precursor solution with glucose as a carbon source enabled the successful synthesis of the carbon-hybridized Li2MnSiO4 nanoparticles. The XRD patters of the discharged (lithiated) samples exhibit a long-range ordered structure characteristic of the (β) Li2MnSiO4 crystalline phase (space group Pmn21) which dissipates in the charged (delithiated) samples. However, upon discharging the long-range ordered structure recovers in each cycle. The disordered structure, according to the PDF analysis, is mainly due to local distortions of the MnO4 tetrahedra which show a mean Mn-O nearest neighbor distance shorter than that of the long-range ordered phase. These results corroborate the notion of the smaller Mn3+/Mn4+ ionic radii in the Li extracted phase versus the larger Mn2+ ionic radius in Li inserted phase. Thus Li extraction/insertion drives the fluctuation between the disordered and the long-range ordered structures.

  13. Magnetic structure of MgCu2O3 and doping-induced spin reorientation in Mg1-x/2LixCu2-x/2O3

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Winkelmann, M.; Graf, H.A.; Andersen, N.H.

    1994-01-01

    The magnetic properties of undoped and Li-doped MgCu2O3 single crystals have been studied by magnetic-susceptibility and neutron-diffraction measurements. The pure compound is a semiconductor with an antiferromagnetic ground state (T(N) = 95 K). Above T(N), short-range magnetic correlations within...... the Cu-O chains of the MgCu2O3 structure give rise to a predominantly one-dimensional (1D) magnetic behavior. This is revealed by the quantitative interpretation of the susceptibility measurements. Below T(N), the 3D magnetic structure, derived from neutron-diffraction experiments, can be described...... is similar to the one producing an infinitely degenerate state in antiferromagnetic fcc lattices. Doping experiments with Li clearly demonstrate the importance of spin fluctuations and fluctuations of the local exchange fields for lifting the degeneracy in such a system. A remarkably small amount of Li...

  14. Thermodynamics of Li2O and other breeders for fusion reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fischer, A.K.; Johnson, C.E.

    1984-01-01

    Thermodynamic calculations have been made to compare the thermochemical performance of the fusion reactor breeder blanket materials, Li 2 O, LiAlO 2 , and Li 4 SiO 4 in the temperature range 900 to 1300K and in the oxygen activity range 10 -25 to 10 -5 . In general, LiAlO 2 offers advantages over Li 2 O, and Li 2 O in turn appears better than Li 4 SiO 4 . The protium purge technique of enhancing tritium release is explored for the LiAlO 2 system. Oxygen activity is an influential variable in these systems and must be considered in executing and interpreting measurements on rates of tritium release, the chemical form of the released tritium, diffusion of tritiated species and their identities, retention of tritium in the condensed phase, and solubility of hydrogen isotope gases. Surface adsorption is seen as a potentially significant contributor to tritium inventory

  15. Exotic spin phases in the one-dimensional spin-1/2 quantum magnet LiCuSbO{sub 4} as seen by high-field NMR and ESR spectroscopies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iakovleva, Margarita [IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); TU Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Zavoisky Physical Technical Institute, Kazan (Russian Federation); Grafe, Hans-Joachim; Kataev, Vladislav; Alfonsov, Alexey; Sturza, Mihai I.; Wurmehl, Sabine [IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); Vavilova, Evgeniia [Zavoisky Physical Technical Institute, Kazan (Russian Federation); Nojiri, Hiroyuki [Institute of Materials Research, Sendai (Japan); Buechner, Bernd [IFW Dresden, Dresden (Germany); TU Dresden, Dresden (Germany)

    2016-07-01

    We will present our recent results of high-field NMR and sub-THz ESR studies of the quantum magnet LiCuSbO{sub 4} (LCSO) that presents an excellent model system of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 quantum magnet with frustrated exchange interactions. Such networks are predicted to exhibit a plethora of novel ground states beyond classical ferro- or antiferromagnetic phases. In LCSO the absence of a long-range magnetic order down to sub-Kelvin temperatures is suggestive of the realization of a quantum spin liquid state. Our NMR and ESR measurements in strong magnetic fields up to 16 Tesla reveal clear indications for the occurrence of an exotic field-induced hidden phase which we will discuss in terms of multipolar physics.

  16. A Structural Molar Volume Model for Oxide Melts Part I: Li2O-Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-MnO-PbO-Al2O3-SiO2 Melts—Binary Systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thibodeau, Eric; Gheribi, Aimen E.; Jung, In-Ho

    2016-04-01

    A structural molar volume model was developed to accurately reproduce the molar volume of molten oxides. As the non-linearity of molar volume is related to the change in structure of molten oxides, the silicate tetrahedral Q-species, calculated from the modified quasichemical model with an optimized thermodynamic database, were used as basic structural units in the present model. Experimental molar volume data for unary and binary melts in the Li2O-Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-MnO-PbO-Al2O3-SiO2 system were critically evaluated. The molar volumes of unary oxide components and binary Q-species, which are model parameters of the present structural model, were determined to accurately reproduce the experimental data across the entire binary composition in a wide range of temperatures. The non-linear behavior of molar volume and thermal expansivity of binary melt depending on SiO2 content are well reproduced by the present model.

  17. Enhanced high temperature performance of LiMn2O4 coated with ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Cathode material, LiMn2O4, was synthesized by solid-state reaction followed by surface coating of. Li3BO3 solid ... date material for lithium ion battery due to its high voltage, ... coating of LiMn2O4 with various protective layers as Cr2O3.

  18. Enhanced high-potential and elevated-temperature cycling stability of LiMn2O4 cathode by TiO2 modification for Li-ion battery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu Lihong; Qiu Xinping; Xi Jingyu; Zhu Wentao; Chen Liquan

    2006-01-01

    The surface of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 was modified with TiO 2 by a simple sol-gel method to improve its electrochemical performance at elevated temperatures and higher working potentials. Compared with pristine LiMn 2 O 4 , surface-modification improved the cycling stability of the material. The capacity retention of TiO 2 -modified LiMn 2 O 4 was more than 85% after 60 cycles at high potential cycles between 3.0 and 4.8 V at room temperature and near to 90% after 30 cycles at elevated temperature of 55 deg. C at 1C charge-discharge rate. SEM studies shows that the surface morphology of TiO 2 -modified LiMn 2 O 4 was different from that of pristine LiMn 2 O 4 . Powder X-ray diffraction indicated that spinel was the only detected phase in TiO 2 -modified LiMn 2 O 4 . Introduction of Ti into LiMn 2 O 4 changed the electronic structures of the particle surface. Therefore a surface solid compound of LiTi x Mn 2-x O 4 may be formed on LiMn 2 O 4 . The improved electrochemical performance of surface-modified LiMn 2 O 4 was attributed to the improved stability of crystalline structure and the higher Li + conductivity

  19. A theoretical and experimental XAS study of monolayer dispersive supported CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Dongliang; Wu Ziyu

    2006-01-01

    The local structures of supported CuO/γ-Al 2 O 3 monolayer dispersive catalysts with different CuO loadings have been investigated by EXAFS and multiple scattering XANES simulations. The EXAFS results show that the first nearest neighbors around the Cu atoms in the CuO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts are similar to that of the polycrystalline CuO powder, which is independent of the CuO loadings. Moreover, the Cu K-XANES FEFF8 calculations for CuO reveal that the monolayer-dispersed CuO species are of small distorted (CuO 4 ) m n+ clusters, which is mainly composed of a distorted CuO 6 octahedron incorporated in the surface octahedral vacant sites of the γ-Al 2 O 3 support. We consider that the CuO species for the CuO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts with loadings of 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/100 m 2 are distorted (CuO 4 ) m n+ clusters composed mainly of a distorted CuO 6 octahedron incorporated in the surface octahedral vacant sites of the γ-Al 2 O 3 support after calcinations at high temperature in air for a few hours. On the contrary, for the CuO/γ-Al 2 O 3 with loading of 1.2 mmol/100 m 2 , the local structure of Cu atoms in CuO/γ-Al 2 O 3 is similar to that of polycrystalline CuO powder

  20. Electron radiation damages to dicalcium (Ca{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}) and tricalcium (Ca{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}) orthosilicates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noirfontaine, Marie-Noëlle de; Dunstetter, Frédéric [Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR CNRS 7642, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Courtial, Mireille [Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR CNRS 7642, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Université d’Artois, 1230 Rue de l’Université, CS 20819, F-62408 Béthune (France); Signes-Frehel, Marcel [Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR CNRS 7642, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Wang, Guillaume [Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR CNRS 7162, Université Paris Diderot, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France); Gorse - Pomonti, Dominique [Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR CNRS 7642, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France)

    2016-05-01

    Electron radiation damages to dicalcium silicate (Ca{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}) and tricalcium silicate (Ca{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}) are reported for the first time in this paper. With increasing flux, between 2.7 × 10{sup 17} and 2.2 × 10{sup 22} e{sup −} cm{sup −2} s{sup −1}, decomposition into nanodomains of crystalline CaO plus an amorphous silica rich phase is first observed for both silicates, then amorphization at higher flux always for both silicates, and finally hole drilling but only for Ca{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}. These structural modifications are accompanied by a net reduction of Ca content under the electron beam depending on the silicate species. These radiation effects occur for values of flux and dose larger than in previously studied orthosilicates (like olivines), and much larger than in all tectosilicates.

  1. Neutron scattering study on cathode LiMn2O4 and solid electrolyte 5(Li2O)(P2O5)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kartini, E.; Putra, Teguh P.; Jahya, A. K.; Insani, A.; Adams, S.

    2014-01-01

    Neutron scattering is very important technique in order to investigate the energy storage materials such as lithium-ion battery. The unique advantages, neutron can see the light atoms such as Hydrogen, Lithium, and Oxygen, where those elements are negligible by other corresponding X-ray method. On the other hand, the energy storage materials, such as lithium ion battery is very important for the application in the electric vehicles, electronic devices or home appliances. The battery contains electrodes (anode and cathode), and the electrolyte materials. There are many challenging to improve the existing lithium ion battery materials, in order to increase their life time, cyclic ability and also its stability. One of the most scientific challenging is to investigate the crystal structure of both electrode and electrolyte, such as cathodes LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiFePO 4 , and solid electrolyte Li 3 PO 4 . Since all those battery materials contain Lithium ions and Oxygen, the used of neutron scattering techniques to study their structure and related properties are very important and indispensable. This article will review some works of investigating electrodes and electrolytes, LiMn 2 O 4 and 5(Li 2 O)(P 2 O 5 ), by using a high resolution powder diffraction (HRPD) at the multipurpose research reactor, RSG-Sywabessy of the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Indonesia

  2. Enhanced photorefractive properties in Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals for holographic application

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Tao, E-mail: tzhang_hit02@yahoo.com [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Postdoctoral Research Station of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Wang, Xin; Geng, Tao; Tong, Chengguo [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Kang, Chong [Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China); Postdoctoral Research Station of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001 (China)

    2015-04-25

    Graphical abstract: Correlation spots of 200 holograms in a Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3}. - Highlights: • Several doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals with various level of Hf doping were grown by Cz method. • IR peak shift is attributed to the complex defect change at different level of Hf. • Enhanced photorefractive properties have been got with higher Hf-doping level. • Reduced defect and increased photoconductivity are responsible for optical properties. • 200 holograms’ experiment is realized in a coherent volume 0.073 cm{sup 3}. - Abstract: Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals with various level of Hf doping were grown in air by a conventional Cz method. The infrared spectra were measured to discuss the defect structures and the mechanism of the absorption peak shift in these crystals. The light-induced scattering of the crystals was evaluated by the transmitted light method. The influence of the Hf-doping level on the photorefractive properties of Hf, Ce and Cu co-doped LiNbO{sub 3} crystals was studied via two-beam coupling. It is found that proper doping Hf is an efficient method to enhance the comprehensive photorefractive properties of the LiNbO{sub 3}. Using one of these crystals as medium, 200 holograms storage and correlation experiments based on angle fractal multiplexing have been realized in a coherent volume 0.073 cm{sup 3}. Moreover the diffraction efficiency is uniform and the storage density has reached 2.2 Gb/cm{sup 3}.

  3. The solubility and site preference of Fe{sup 3+} in Li{sub 7−3x}Fe{sub x}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} garnets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rettenwander, D., E-mail: daniel.rettenwander@sbg.ac.at [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria); Geiger, C.A. [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria); Tribus, M.; Tropper, P. [Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Faculty of Geo- and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria); Wagner, R.; Tippelt, G.; Lottermoser, W.; Amthauer, G. [Department of Materials Research and Physics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg (Austria)

    2015-10-15

    amounts occurs at a general 96h site, which is only present for certain Li-oxide garnets, and in Li{sub 6.54}Fe{sub 0.12}La{sub 3.01}Zr{sub 1.98}O{sub 12} this Fe{sup 3+} has a distorted 4-fold coordination. - Graphical abstract: Cubic nominally Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} (LLZO) garnet is a promising candidate to be used as a solid electrolyte in Li-ion batteries. A series of Fe{sup 3+}-bearing LLZO garnets was synthesized and characterized compositionally and structurally. {sup 57}Mössbauer measurements were made to determine where Fe is incorporated in the crystal structure. X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, ICP-OES and {sup 57}Mössbauer measurements are needed to obtain a full description of the synthetic products, some of which contain small amounts of nano- or poorly crystalline FeLaO{sub 3}. - Highlights: • A series of Fe{sup 3+}-bearing Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} (LLZO) garnets was synthesized and characterized compositionally and structurally. • {sup 57}Mössbauer measurements were made to determine where Fe is incorporated in the crystal structure. • Most Fe{sup 3+} substitutes for Li{sup +} in LLZO at the 24d and 96h sites in the cubic phase (Ia-3d). • No more than about 0.25 Fe{sup 3+} pfu can be incorporated into the LLZO garnet structure. • X-ray powder diffractions measurements indicate the presence of both cubic and tetragonal garnets phases in some syntheses. • The probable presence of small amounts of poorly or nano-crystalline FeLaO3 can only be identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy.

  4. Possible quadrupolar nematic phase in the frustrated spin chain LiCuSbO4: An NMR investigation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bosiočić, M.; Bert, F.; Dutton, S. E.; Cava, R. J.; Baker, P. J.; Požek, M.; Mendels, P.

    2017-12-01

    The frustrated one-dimensional quantum magnet LiCuSbO4 is a rare realization of the J1-J2 spin chain model with an easily accessible saturation field, formerly estimated at 12 T. Exotic multipolar nematic phases were theoretically predicted in such compounds just below the saturation field, but without unambiguous experimental observation so far. In this paper we present extensive experimental research on the compound in a wide temperature (30 mK to 300 K) and field (0-13.3 T) range by muon spin rotation (μ SR ), 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and magnetic susceptibility (SQUID). μ SR experiments in zero magnetic field demonstrate the absence of long-range 3D ordering down to 30 mK. Together with former heat capacity data [Dutton et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 187206 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.187206], magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest a short-range-correlated vector chiral phase in the field range 0-4 T. At the intermediate-field values (5-12 T), the system enters a 3D-ordered spin density wave phase with 0.75 μB per copper site at lowest temperatures (125 mK), estimated by NMR. At still higher field, the magnetization is found to be saturated above 13 T where the spin lattice T1-1 relaxation reveals a spin gap estimated at 3.2(2) K. We narrow down the possibility of observing a multipolar nematic phase to the range 12.5-13 T.

  5. A new rechargeable lithium-ion battery with a xLi2MnO3.(1 - x) LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 cathode and a hard carbon anode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Jinlong; Wang Jie; Xia Yongyao

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → A new type of battery with 0.4Li 2 MnO 3 0.6LiMn 0.4 Ni 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 and hard carbon was proposed. → The irreversible capacity encountered at both electrodes, can be counterbalanced each other. → The battery delivers capacities of 105 mAh g -1 and specific energies of 315 Wh kg -1 . - Abstract: We reported a new type of rechargeable lithium-ion battery consisting of a structurally integrated 0.4Li 2 MnO 3 .0.6LiMnNi 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 cathode and a hard carbon anode. The drawback of the high irreversible capacity loss of both electrodes, occurring at the first charge/discharge process, can be counterbalanced each other. The battery shows good reversibility with a sloping voltage from 1.5 V to 4.5 V and delivers a capacity of 105 mA h g -1 and a specific energy of 315 W h kg -1 based on the total weight of the both active electrode materials.

  6. Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode at high cutoff voltage by modifying electrode/electrolyte interface with lithium metasilicate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fu, Jiale; Mu, Daobin; Wu, Borong; Bi, Jiaying; Liu, Xiaojiang; Peng, Yiyuan; Li, Yiqing; Wu, Feng

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: •The electrochemical properties of the LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 cathode are investigated at high voltage of 4.6 V. •The Li 2 SiO 3 suppresses the decomposition of LiPF 6 and carbonate solvents. •Li 2 SiO 3 helpfully retards the transition metal dissolution by consuming HF. •The enhanced electrochemical properties of the LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 cathode mixed with Li 2 SiO 3 . -- Abstract: Developing high-voltage Li ion batteries (LIBs) is an important trend to meet the requirement of high energy density battery. However, high voltage will cause a series of problems harming the cycle performance of LIBs at the same time. This work is to investigate the effect of inorganic substance Li 2 SiO 3 on the electrochemical performance of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) cathode at high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. XRD result shows that the structure of NCM622 cathode material is not affected by mixing Li 2 SiO 3 . However, XPS and EIS tests indicate that Li 2 SiO 3 has an evident influence on suppressing the decomposition of LiPF 6 and carbonate solvents at high voltage, reducing interfacial solid film impedance and modifying electrode/electrolyte interface. In addition, Li 2 SiO 3 retards the transition metal dissolution by consuming HF. Therefore, it enhances the electrochemical properties of the NCM622 cathode significantly. The highest discharge capacity increases to 191.7 mA h g -1 by mixing Li 2 SiO 3 , compared with the value of 180 mA h g -1 in the case of NCM622 cathode. The NCM622 electrode mixed with Li 2 SiO 3 also exhibits a better capacity retention of 73.4% after 200 cycles and a high rate capability at 20C with the value of 89 mA h g -1 , in contrast with 62.2% and 31 mA h g -1 attained in the NCM622 cathode.

  7. Fingerprints of field-induced Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in quasi-two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg magnets Cu(en)(H2O)2SO4 and Cu(tn)Cl2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baranová, Lucia; Orendáčová, Alžbeta; Čižmár, Erik; Tarasenko, Róbert; Tkáč, Vladimír; Orendáč, Martin; Feher, Alexander

    2016-01-01

    Organo-metallic compounds Cu(en)(H 2 O) 2 SO 4 (en=C 2 H 8 N 2 ) and Cu(tn)Cl 2 (tn=C 3 H 10 N 2 ) representing S=1/2 quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets with an effective intra-layer exchange coupling J/k B ≈3 K, have been examined by specific heat measurements at temperatures down to nominally 50 mK and magnetic fields up to 14 T. A comparative analysis of magnetic specific heat in zero magnetic field revealed nearly identical contribution of short-range magnetic correlations and significant differences were observed at lowest temperatures. A phase transition to long-range order was observed in Cu(en)(H 2 O) 2 SO 4 at T C =0.9 K while hidden in Cu(tn)Cl 2 . A response of both compounds to the application of magnetic field has rather universal features characteristic for a field-induced Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition theoretically predicted for ideal two-dimensional magnets. - Highlights: • Magnetic specific heat of Cu(en)(H 2 O) 2 SO 4 (1) and Cu(tn)Cl 2 (2) was analysed. • In zero magnetic field, (1) and (2) behave as quasi-two-dimensional magnets. • We observed universal thermodynamic response of (1) and (2) to applied field. • Features of field-induced Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition were detected.

  8. Deposition of stress free c-axis oriented LiNbO{sub 3} thin film grown on (002) ZnO coated Si substrate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shandilya, Swati; Gupta, Vinay [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India); Tomar, Monika [Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 (India)

    2012-05-15

    C-axis oriented lithium niobate thin films have been deposited on Si substrate using RF sputtering technique. A thin buffer layer of c-axis (002) oriented ZnO on Si substrate has been used as a nucleating layer to promote the growth of (006) oriented LiNbO{sub 3} film. The processing gas composition and pressure are found to be very critical in obtaining stress free LiNbO{sub 3} film having desired (006) orientation. The LiNbO{sub 3} films deposited under unique combination of sputtering pressure (10 mTorr) and argon percentage (80%) in reactive gas (Ar + O{sub 2}) composition become almost stress free having lattice parameter (1.3867 A) close to the bulk value. The observed variation in the structural properties and optical phonon modes observed by Raman spectroscopic studies of the oriented LiNbO{sub 3} thin film with stress has been correlated with growth kinetics.

  9. Optical properties of La2CuO4 and La2−xCaxCuO4 crystallites in UV–vis–NIR region synthesized by sol–gel process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Yifeng; Huang Jianfeng; Cao Liyun; Wu Jianpeng; Fei Jie

    2012-01-01

    La 2 CuO 4 and La 2−x Ca x CuO 4 crystallites were prepared via a simple sol–gel process. The as-prepared La 2 CuO 4 and La 2 −x Ca x CuO 4 crystallites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and UV–vis–NIR spectra. Results show that the grain size of La 2 CuO 4 crystallites increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C. Optical properties show that La 2 CuO 4 crystallites have broad absorption both in the UV–vis region and in the NIR region. The band gap of the as-prepared crystallites decreases from 1.367 eV to 1.284 eV with the increase of calcination temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C. In the series of La 2−x Ca x CuO 4 compounds (x = 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15 and 0.20), all of the samples exhibit an orthogonal crystal structure and the solubility limit of Ca 2+ in La 2 CuO 4 is within the range of x = 0.12–0.15. In the whole UV–vis–NIR region, La 2−x Ca x CuO 4 crystallites exhibit a broad absorption and the corresponding band gap first increases and then decreases with increasing of Ca 2+ content. - Highlights: ► The optical band gap can be tuned by adjusting the grain size and Ca 2+ content. ► La 2 CuO 4 crystallites exhibit a broad absorption band both in the UV–vis region and in the NIR region. ► The band gap increases from 1.284 eV to 1.319 eV with the decrease of heat treatment temperature. ► In the whole UV–vis–NIR region, the La 2−x Ca x CuO 4 crystallites displayed a broad absorption. ► The band gap of La 2−x Ca x CuO 4 increases linearly with doping level when 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12.

  10. Spectroscopic study of the CuO chains in YBa2Cu3O7-x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Edwards, H.; Derro, D.J.; Barr, A.L.; Markert, J.T.; de Lozanne, A.L.

    1996-01-01

    We interpret our previously published results obtained using a technique called current-imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) to study the detailed electronic structure of the CuO chains in the high-temperature superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x near the Fermi level. Our CITS data comprise sequences of 32 simultaneously obtained images taken at bias voltages ranging from -78 to 72 mV. Cross sections of the CITS data, normalized-conductance analysis, and logarithmic-derivative analysis allow us to examine in detail the behavior of electronic modulations along the CuO chains and the energy gap in the CuO chains of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x . This new analysis lends a strong foundation to our previous interpretation of the CITS data [H. L. Edwards et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1387 (1995)]. copyright 1996 American Vacuum Society

  11. Microwave dielectric properties of low-fired Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics for LTCC applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, Jian-Li; Fu, Zhi-Fen; Liu, Peng; Wang, Bing; Li, Yang

    2016-01-01

    Graphical abstract: This figure gives the Q × f and τ_f of Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics sintered at various temperatures with different LiF contents. Addition of LiF enhanced the sinterability and optimized the microwave dielectric properties of Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics. The excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε_r = 15.8, Q × f = 64,500 GHz, and τ_f = −0.2 ppm/°C) of Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics sintered at 850 °C illustrated that LiF is a simple effective sintering aids for Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics. Such sample was compatible with Ag electrodes, suitable for the low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) applications. - Highlights: • Temperature stability of Li_2TiO_3 ceramics were improved by doping MgO. • The low-fired Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics are fabricated. • LiF liquid phase reduced sintering temperature of Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics to 850 °C. • The low-fired Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics possess well microwave dielectric properties. • The sample was compatible with Ag electrodes and suitable for LTCC applications. - Abstract: We fabricated the low-fired Li_2TiO_3–MgO ceramics doped with LiF by a conventional solid-state route, and investigated systematically their sintering characteristics, microstructures and microwave dielectric properties. The results showed that temperature stability of Li_2TiO_3 ceramics were improved by doping MgO. Well microwave dielectric properties for Li_2TiO_3–13 wt%MgO (LTM) ceramics with ε_r = 16.4, Q × f = 87,500 GHz, and τ_f = −1.2 ppm/°C were obtained at 1325 °C. Furthermore, addition of LiF enhanced the sinterability and optimized the microwave dielectric properties of LTM ceramics. A typically sample of LTM-4 wt%LiF ceramics with optimum dielectric properties (ε_r = 15.8, Q × f = 64,500 GHz, and τ_f = −0.2 ppm/°C) were achieved at 850 °C for 4 h. Such sample was compatible with Ag electrodes, suitable for the low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) applications.

  12. Critical current density of four-CuO2-layer T1Ba2Ca3Cu4O11-δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, L.; Liu, J.Z.; Shelton, R.N.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: A key requirement for technological application is to have superconductors with high critical current density at practical operating temperatures and magnetic fields. The critical current density is strongly related to underlying properties of high T c superconductors, such as layering, anisotropy and other intrinsic material structures. The thallium-based superconductors attracted much attention at early stage mainly due to their high superconducting transitions. Recent studies show that these materials appear to be a better choice for achieving higher critical current density because of a stronger interlayer coupling between superconducting layers. Single crystals of TlBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11-δ were grown by a self-flux method. This material is a strong-layered superconductor with four-CuO 2 -planes in a unit cell and a superconducting transition temperature of 128K. Our experimental results show that TlBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11-δ crystals have high irreversibility line, large critical current density and high upper critical field. The impact of layering and the number of Cu-O layers on flux pinning, critical current density and other magnetic properties will also be discussed

  13. New quaternary alkali metal cadmium selenites, A2Cd(SeO3)2 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) and Li2Cd3(SeO3)4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lü, Minfeng; Jo, Hongil; Oh, Seung-Jin; Ok, Kang Min

    2017-12-01

    A series of new alkali metal cadmium selenites, A2Cd(SeO3)2 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) and Li2Cd3(SeO3)4 have been synthesized in phase pure forms through hydrothermal and solid-state reactions. Structural analyses using single crystal X-ray diffraction indicate that while A2Cd(SeO3)2 and Li2Cd3(SeO3)4 reveal layered structures consisting of CdO6 and SeO3 polyhedra, their symmetry, bonding modes, and the orientation of lone pairs on Se4+ cations are different. A closer examination suggests that the observed structural variations found in the reported materials are attributed to the structure-directing effect of alkali metal cations with different sizes. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analysis by X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis, Infrared and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transformation reactions under hydrothermal conditions, and local dipole moment calculations for the reported materials are also reported.

  14. Enhancement in CO2 Adsorption Capacity and Selectivity in the Chalcogenide Aerogel CuSb2S4 by Post-synthetic Modification with LiCl

    KAUST Repository

    Ahmed, Ejaz; Rothenberger, Alexander

    2015-01-01

    The new chalcogel CuSb2S4 was obtained by reacting Cu(OAc)2·H2O with KSbS2 in a water/formamide mixture at room temperature. In order to modify the gas adsorption capacity the synthesized CuSb2S4 aerogel was loaded with different amounts of LiCl. CO

  15. New compounds bearing [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions (M = Si, Ge, Sn): Syntheses and characterization of A_2[Si(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Na, K, Rb), A_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), A_2[Sn(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Na, K), and the unique germanate Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 with cationic "1_∞[HgCl_2_/_2]"+ chains

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Logemann, Christian; Witt, Julia; Wickleder, Mathias S.; Gunzelmann, Daniel; Senker, Juergen

    2012-01-01

    The reaction of the group 14 tetrachlorides MCl_4 (M = Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO_3) at elevated temperatures led to the unique anionic complexes [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- that show the central M atoms in coordination of three chelating S_2O_7"2"- groups. The mean distances M-O within the complexes increase from 175 pm (M = Si) via 186 pm (M = Ge) up to 200 pm (M = Sn). The charge balance for the [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions is achieved by alkaline metal ions A"+ (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) which were implemented in the syntheses in form of their sulfates. The size of the A"+ ions, i.e. their coordination requirement causes the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, while the structure of the complex [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions remains essentially unaffected. Furthermore, we were able to characterize the unique germanate Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 which forms when HgCl_2 is added as a source for the counter cation. The Hg"2"+ and the Cl"- ions form infinite cationic chains according to "1_∞[HgCl_2_/_2]"+ which take care for the charge compensation. For selected examples of the compounds the thermal behavior has been monitored by means of thermal analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. For A being an alkaline metal the decomposition product is a mixture of the sulfates A_2SO_4 and the dioxides MO_2, whereas Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 shows a more complicated decomposition. The tris-(disulfato)-silicate Na_2[Si(S_2O_7)_3] has additionally been examined by solid state "2"9Si and "2"3Na NMR spectroscopic measurements. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  16. Electrochemical and optical properties of CeO2-SnO2 and CeO2-SnO2:X (X = Li, C, Si films

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Berton Marcos A.C.

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Thin solid films of CeO2-SnO2 (17 mol% Sn and CeO2-SnO2:X (X = Li, C and Si were prepared by the sol-gel route, using an aqueous-based process. The addition of Li, C and Si to the precursor solution leads to films with different electrochemical performances. The films were deposited by the dip-coating technique on ITO coated glass (Donnelly Glass at a speed of 10 cm/min and submitted to a final thermal treatment at 450 °C during 10 min in air. The electrochemical and optical properties of the films were determined from the cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements using 0.1 M LiOH as supporting electrolyte. The ion storage capacity of the films was investigated using in situ spectroelectrochemical method and during the insertion/extraction process the films remained transparent. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC/TGA and X-ray diffraction.

  17. Spectroscopy and energy level location of the trivalent lanthanides in LiYP4O12

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dorenbos, P.; Shalapska, T.; Stryganyuk, G.; Gektin, A.; Voloshinovskii, A.

    2011-01-01

    The excitation and emission properties of the lanthanides Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ in LiYP 4 O 12 were studied by vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopy at 10 K. It provides information on the energies of 4f-5d excitation and emission bands. In the case of Er 3+ spin forbidden emission was observed. Charge transfer excitation bands were identified for Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ , and in the case of Yb 3+ charge transfer luminescence is observed. All data appear to be consistent with each other and have been used to construct a level scheme showing the location of the energy levels of all trivalent and divalent lanthanides in LiYP 4 O 12 . - Research Highlights: → The spectroscopy of most of the trivalent lanthanides in LiYP 4 O 12 is presented for the first time. → Charge transfer luminescence of Yb3+ is reported. → We demonstrate that the energy of the first 4f-5d transition and the charge transfer band agree with predictive models. → For the first time a scheme with the location of all lanthanide states (divalent and trivalent ) w.r.t. de-valence and conduction band of LIP 4 O 12 is presented.

  18. Hierarchical Cu2O foam/g-C3N4 photocathode for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Xinzhou; Zhang, Jingtao; Wang, Biao; Li, Qiuguo; Chu, Sheng

    2018-01-01

    Solar photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production is a promising way for solving energy and environment problems. Earth-abundant Cu2O is a potential light absorber for PEC hydrogen production. In this article, hierarchical porous Cu2O foams are prepared by thermal oxidation of the electrochemically deposited Cu foams. PEC performances of the Cu2O foams are systematically studied and discussed. Benefiting from their higher light harvesting and more efficient charge separation, the Cu2O foams demonstrate significantly enhanced photocurrents and photostability compared to their film counterparts. Moreover, by integrating g-C3N4, hierarchical Cu2O foam/g-C3N4 composites are prepared with further improved photocurrent and photostability, appearing to be potential photocathodes for solar PEC hydrogen production. This study may provide a new and useful insight for the development of Cu2O-based photocathodes for PEC hydrogen production.

  19. Porous Co3O4 nanorods anchored on graphene nanosheets as an effective electrocatalysts for aprotic Li-O2 batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yuan, Mengwei; Yang, Yan; Nan, Caiyun; Sun, Genban; Li, Huifeng; Ma, Shulan

    2018-06-01

    The large over-potential during the battery operation is a great obstacle for the application of Li-O2 batteries. The porous structure and electrical conductivity of the electrocatalysts are significant for the electrocatalytic performance of Li-O2 batteries. In this work, a porous Co3O4/GN nanocomposite (Co3O4 nanorods anchored on graphene nanosheets) is prepared via a facile hydrothermal method assisted with heat treatment. The unique structure of Co3O4/GN endows efficient electrocatalystic activity for Li-O2 batteries. In comparison to the Co3O4, the Co3O4/GN demonstrates a better cycle performance showing more than 40 cycles with a 1500 mAh g-1 capacity limit strategy at a current density of 300 mA g-1, and a reduced over-potential of 110 mV at high current density (1200 mA g-1). The Co3O4/GN also displays a high initial specific capacity (7600 mAh g-1) and a good reversibility in full cycle with a coulombic efficiency of 99.8% in the first cycle. The impressed cyclability, specific capacity, rate performance, and low over-potentials indicate that the as-prepared Co3O4/GN nanocomposite is a promising catalyst candidate for reversible Li-O2 batteries.

  20. Preparation and Characterization of PVC-Al2O3-LiClO4 Composite Polymeric Electrolyte

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azizan Ahmad; Mohd Yusri Abdul Rahman; Siti Aminah Mohd Noor; Mohd Reduan Abu Bakar

    2009-01-01

    Ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte PVC-Al 2 O 3 -LiClO 4 as a function of Al 2 O 3 concentration has been studied. The electrolyte samples were prepared by solution casting technique. Their ionic conductivity was measured using impedance spectroscopy technique. It was observed that the conductivity of the electrolyte varies with Al 2 O 3 concentration. The highest room temperature conductivity of the electrolyte of 3.43 x 10 -10 S.cm -1 was obtain at 25 % by weight of Al 2 O 3 and that without Al 2 O 3 filler was found to be 2.43 x 10 -11 S.cm -1 . The glass transition temperature decreases with the increase of Al 2 O 3 percentage due to the increasing amorphous state, meanwhile the degradation temperature increases with the increase of Al 2 O 3 percentage. Both of these thermal properties influence the enhancement of the conductivity value. The morphology of the samples shows the even distribution of the Al 2 O 3 filler in the samples. However, the filler starts to agglomerate in the sample when high percentage of Al 2 O 3 is being used. In conclusion, the addition of Al 2 O 3 filler improves the ionic conductivity of PVC- Al 2 O 3 -LiCIO 4 solid polymer electrolyte. (author)

  1. Study on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads%H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    黄卫红; 王晶博; 薛金娟; 闫永胜; 阮介兵

    2009-01-01

    以钛酸四丁酯为原料,空心微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/beads光催化剂载体,然后浸渍法制备出H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads表面负载修饰型复合光催化剂,并运用SEM、XRD、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性,考察了光强度、pH值、曝气量、底物浓度和催化剂用量等对催化效率的影响.实验结果表明,在中性条件下,H4SiW12O40/TiO2/beads催化剂的投加量为0.25 g/L,浓度为7.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液在250 W的紫外灯和600 W的可见光灯下光照60 min降解率分别可达到94.5%和55%.

  2. Emission analysis of RE3+ (RE = Sm, Dy):B2O3-TeO2-Li2O-AlF3 glasses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raju, C Nageswara; Sailaja, S; Kumari, S Pavan; Dhoble, S J; Kumar, V Ramesh; Ramanaiah, M V; Reddy, B Sudhakar

    2013-01-01

    This article reports on the optical properties of 0.5% mol of Sm(3+), Dy(3+) ion-doped B2O3-TeO2-Li2O-AlF3 (LiAlFBT) glasses. The glass samples were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to analyze the optical absorption spectra and calculate the intensity parameters and radiative properties of the emission transitions. The emission spectra of Sm(3+) and Dy(3+):LiAlFBT glasses showed a bright reddish-orange emission at 598 nm ((4)G5/2 → (6)H7/2) and an intense yellow emission at 574 nm ((4)F9/2 → (6)H13/2), respectively. Full width at half maximum (FWHM), stimulated emission cross section, gain bandwidth and optical gain values were also calculated to extend the applications of the Sm(3+) and Dy(3+):LiAlFBT glasses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  3. High Photocatalytic Activity of Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 Functional Particles with Core-Shell Structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chenyang Xue

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes a novel method of synthesizing Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 functional nanoparticles with the core-shell structure. The Fe3O4 cores which were mainly superparamagnetic were synthesized through a novel carbon reduction method. The Fe3O4 cores were then modified with SiO2 and finally encapsulated with TiO2 by the sol-gel method. The results of characterizations showed that the encapsulated 700 nm Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 particles have a relatively uniform size distribution, an anatase TiO2 shell, and suitable magnetic properties for allowing collection in a magnetic field. These magnetic properties, large area, relative high saturation intensity, and low retentive magnetism make the particles have high dispersibility in suspension and yet enable them to be recovered well using magnetic fields. The functionality of these particles was tested by measuring the photocatalytic activity of the decolouring of methyl orange (MO and methylene blue (MB under ultraviolet light and sunlight. The results showed that the introduction of the Fe3O4-SiO2-TiO2 functional nanoparticles significantly increased the decoloration rate so that an MO solution at a concentration of 10 mg/L could be decoloured completely within 180 minutes. The particles were recovered after utilization, washing, and drying and the primary recovery ratio was 87.5%.

  4. Dependence of glass-forming ability on starting compositions in Y2O3–Al2O3SiO2 system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yixiang Chen

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available The dependence of glass-forming ability on starting compositions in Y2O3–Al2O3SiO2 (YAS system has been investigated by melting experiment. Transparent YAS glasses have been prepared under the condition of furnace cooling instead of quenching. It is found that, in the YAS ternary phase diagram, the compositions on the Y3Al5O12SiO2 line and with 52-68 mol% SiO2 have a higher glass-forming ability to produce pure glass. For the compositions with too much or less SiO2 or with Y/Al = 5/3, 1/1, or 1/3, crystallization occurs with the formation of Y3Al5O12, Y2Si2O7, Al6Si2O13, or SiO2. The densities of the YAS glasses increase with decreasing SiO2 contents and increasing Y/Al ratios, and for the samples with Y/Al = 3/5 there is a good linear relationship between the density and SiO2 content.

  5. Comparative study to use nano-(Al2O3, CuO, and SiC) with water to enhance photovoltaic thermal PV/T collectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Waeli, Ali H.A.; Chaichan, Miqdam T.; Kazem, Hussein A.; Sopian, K.

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Three types of nanoparticles (Al 2 O 3 , CuO and SiC) were added to water which was used as a base fluid. • The resulted nanofluid was used for cooling an indoor PV/T system. • The used nanofluids improved the thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PV/T system. • The stability of nanofluids was examined for an extended period and found to be stable. • SiC nanofluid showed better thermal conductivity and stability compared with Al 2 O 3 and CuO nanofluids. - Abstract: The reduction in efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) units due to increases in cell temperature occurs when a small part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity and the remaining part is lost as heat. Recently, the addition of a range of nanomaterials with high thermal conductivity to the cooling fluid in PV/T systems has been the subject of much research. In this study, three nanomaterials were added to water as a base fluid with several volume fractions to determine the best concentration and nanoparticle for this application. The PV/T system was setup in an indoor laboratory. Knowing which material has a better effect on the PV unit in particular, and the PV/T unit in general, is important for deciding which nanomaterial is more suitable for the system. The results reveal that nanofluid gives higher thermal conductivity with very little increase in the fluid density and viscosity compared with the base fluid. The studied volume fractions were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4% and the selected nanoparticles were Al 2 O 3 , CuO, and SiC. It was found that silicon carbide nanoparticles have the best stability and the highest thermal conductivity compared to the other two nano-substances. Copper oxide nanofluid has higher thermal conductivity than aluminium oxide but lower stability, although it was found here that this material reliably stable compared to in other studies. The nanofluid reduced the indoor PV/T system temperature and enhanced its generated power.

  6. Chrystal structure properties of Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} synthesized by solid state reaction method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sandi, Dianisa Khoirum, E-mail: dianisa875@gmail.com; Suryana, Risa, E-mail: rsuryana@staff.uns.ac.id [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University (Indonesia); Priyono, Slamet, E-mail: slam013@lipi.go.id [Physics Research Center (P2F)-LIPI, Puspiptek Area, Serpong, Tangerang (Indonesia)

    2016-02-08

    This research aim is to analyze the effect of Aluminum (Al) doping in the structural properties of Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} as anode in lithium ion battery. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. LiOH.H{sub 2}O, TiO{sub 2}, and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were raw materials. These materials were milled for 15 h, calcined at temperature of 750{sup o}C and sintered at temperature of 800{sup o}C. Mole percentage of doping Al (x) was varied at x=0; x=0.025; and x =0.05. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} powders were synthesized by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the structure of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. The PDXL software was performed on the x-ray diffraction data to estimate the phase percentage, the lattice parameter, the unit cell volume, and the crystal density. Al-doped Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} has cubic crystal structure. Al-doping at x=0 and x=0.025 does not change the phase as Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} while at x=0.050 the phase changes to the LiTiAlO{sub 4}. The diffraction patterns show that the angle shifted to the right as the increase of x which indicated that Al substitute Ti site. Percentage of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase at x=0 and x=0.025 was 97.8% and 96.8%, respectively. However, the lattice parameters, the unit cell volume, and the crystal density does not change significantly at x=0; x=0.025; and x=0.050. Based on the percentage of Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} phase, the Al-doped Li at x=0 and x=0.025 is promising as a lithium battery anode.

  7. Luminescent properties of red-emitting LiSr4B3O(9−3x/2)Nx:Eu2+ phosphor for white-LEDs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu Hua; Deng Degang; Xu Shiqing; Yu Cuiping; Yin Haoyong; Nie Qiulin

    2012-01-01

    An Eu 2+ -activated oxynitride LiSr (4−y) B 3 O (9−3x/2) N x :yEu 2+ red-emitting phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reactions. The synthesized phosphor crystallized in a cubic system with space group Ia–3d. The LiSr 4 B 3 O (9−3x/2) N x :Eu 2+ phosphors exhibited a broad red emission band with a peak at 610 nm and a full width at half maximum of 106 nm under 410 nm excitation, which is ascribed to the 4f 6 5d 1 →4f 7 transition of Eu 2+ . The optimal doped nitrogen concentration was observed to be x=0.75. The average decay times of two different emission centers were estimated to be 568 and 489 ns in the LiSr 3.99 B 3 O 8.25 N 0.5 :0.01Eu 2+ phosphors, respectively. Concentration quenching of Eu 2+ ions occurred at y=0.07, and the critical distance was determined as 17.86 Å. The non-radiative transitions via dipole–dipole interactions resulted in the concentration quenching of Eu 2+ -site emission centers in the LiSr 4 B 3 O 9 host. These results indicate LiSr 4 B 3 O (9−3x/2) N x :Eu 2+ phosphor is promising for application in white near-UV LEDs. - Highlights: ► An oxynitride LiSr 4 B 3 O 9 N:Eu 2+ red-emitting phosphor was prepared at low synthesis temperature. ► The introduced nitrogen improved the excitation and emission intensity of the phosphor. ► The wide excitation band matches well with near-UV LED chips. ► The emission spectrum of the phosphor showed a broad full width at half maximum of about 106 nm.

  8. Electrochemical properties of rapidly solidified Si-Ti-Ni(-Cu) base anode for Li-ion rechargeable batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwon, Hye Jin; Sohn, Keun Yong; Park, Won-Wook

    2013-11-01

    In this study, rapidly solidified Si-Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been investigated as high capacity anodes for Li-ion secondary batteries. To obtain nano-sized Si particles dispersed in the inactive matrix, the alloy ribbons were fabricated using the melt spinning process. The thin ribbons were pulverized using ball-milling to make a fine powder of ˜ 4 µm average size. Coin-cell assembly was carried out under an argon gas in a glove box, in which pure lithium was used as a counter-electrode. The cells were cycled using the galvanostatic method in the potential range of 0.01 V and 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The microstructure and morphology were examined using an x-ray diffractometer, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. Among the anode alloys, the Si70Ti15Ni15 electrodes had the highest discharge capacity (974.1 mAh/g) after the 50th cycle, and the Si60Ti16Ni16Cu8 electrode showed the best coulombic efficiency of ˜95.9% in cyclic behavior. It was revealed that the Si7Ni4Ti4 crystal phase coexisting with an amorphous phase, could more efficiently act as a buffer layer than the fully crystallized Si7Ni4Ti4 phase. Consequently, the electrochemical properties of the anode materials pronouncedly improved when the nano-sized primary Si particle was dispersed in the inactive Si7Ni4Ti4-based matrix mixed with an amorphous structure.

  9. Role of strained nano-regions in the formation of subgrains in CaCu3Ti4O12

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fang, Tsang-Tse; Wang, Yong-Huei; Kuo, Jui-Chao

    2011-07-01

    Single-phase CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was synthesized by solid-state reaction. Electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were adopted to characterize the grain orientation, microstructure, and surface morphology of the CCTO samples with or without thermal etching. Bump strained nano-regions induced by the local compositional disorder at a nano-scale have been discovered, being the origin of the formation of subgrains in CCTO. The proposed mechanism for the formation of subgrains involves the formation of etched pits and subboundaries pertaining to the strained nano-regions rather than dislocation displacement. The dielectric response inside the grains of CCTO relevant to the strained nano-regions is also discussed.

  10. Non-condensed (oxo)nitridosilicates: La{sub 3}-[SiN{sub 4}]F and the polymorph o-La{sub 3}-[SiN{sub 3}O]O

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Durach, Dajana; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department of Chemistry, Chair in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU) (Germany)

    2015-08-15

    The isotypic compounds La{sub 3}[SiN{sub 4}]F and La{sub 3}[SiN{sub 3}O]O were synthesized in a radio-frequency furnace at 1600 C. The crystal structures [Pnma (no. 62), Z = 4; La{sub 3}(SiN{sub 4})F: a = 9.970(3), b = 7.697(2), c = 6.897(2) Aa, V = 529.3(3) Aa{sup 3}; La{sub 3}(SiON{sub 3})O: a = 9.950(2), b = 7.6160(15), c = 6.9080(14) Aa, V = 523.48(18) Aa{sup 3}] were elucidated from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and corroborated by Rietveld refinement, lattice-energy calculations (Madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE) and Raman/FTIR spectroscopy. Both compounds are homeotypic with Na{sub 2}Pr[GeO{sub 4}]OH forming a network of vertex-sharing FLa{sub 6}/OLa{sub 6} octahedra, whose voids are filled with non-condensed SiN{sub 4}/SiN{sub 3}O tetrahedra. o-La{sub 3}[SiON{sub 3}]O is the orthorhombic polymorph of this compound, which probably represents the high-temperature modification, whereas the tetragonal polymorph t-La{sub 3}[SiON{sub 3}]O represents the low-temperature modification. While the space group of the t-polymorph [I4/mcm (no. 140)] differs from the new La{sub 3}[SiN{sub 4}]F and o-La{sub 3}[SiN{sub 3}O]O, the crystal structure contains the same linking pattern. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  11. Electrochemical detection of volatile organic compounds using a Na{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}PO{sub 12}/Bi{sub 2}Cu{sub 0.1}V{sub 0.9}O{sub 5.35} heterojunction device

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kida, Tetsuya, E-mail: kida@mm.kyushu-u.ac.jp [Department of Energy and Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Morinaga, Naoki; Kishi, Shotaro [Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga-Koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); An, Ki-Mun; Sim, Kyoung-Won; Chae, Bu-Young [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung-kwan [Education Center for Green Industry-friendly Fusion Technology (GIFT), Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); Ryu, Bong-Ki [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); Shimanoe, Kengo [Department of Energy and Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan)

    2011-09-01

    Highlights: > A device combining a sodium ion conductor of NASICON (Na{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}PO{sub 12}) with an oxygen ion conductor of BiCuVOx (Bi{sub 2}Cu{sub 0.1}V{sub 0.9}O{sub 5.35}) was fabricated. > The device can electrochemically detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). > The electrochemical oxidation of VOCs with oxide ions occurred as the sensing reaction. > The formation of an oxygen ion-conductive layer at the interface between NASICON and BiCuVOx was suggested. - Abstract: A fast sodium ion conductor, NASICON (Na{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}PO{sub 12}), has been widely used for gas sensor applications. In this study, we demonstrate that a device combining NASICON with an oxygen-ion conductor of BiCuVOx (Bi{sub 2}Cu{sub 0.1}V{sub 0.9}O{sub 5.35}) can electrochemically detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as ethanol, formaldehyde, and toluene. The sensing electrode made of BiCuVOx was attached onto a sintered NASICON disk at high temperature to produce an interfacial layer that had a different morphology and composition from those of NASICON and BiCuVOx, as observed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The device in which NASICON was fitted with the BiCuVOx-based electrode was found to efficiently detect VOCs in ppm concentrations. The sensor signal (electromotive force) exceeded 100 mV in response to 10 ppm HCOH at 400 deg. C, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the device. It also exhibited a relatively quick response, reproducible and stable sensor signals, and high selectivity to VOCs. The sensor responses followed behavior typical for mixed-potential-type gas sensors based on oxygen-ion conductors. It was thus suggested that the electrochemical oxidation of VOCs with oxide ions took place at the interfacial oxygen ion-conductive layer that was formed by the reaction of NASICON with BiCuVOx.

  12. Modeling electronic defects in La2CuO4 and LiCl using embedded quantum cluster methodology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grimes, R.W.; Shluger, A.L.; Baetzold, R.; Catlow, C.R.A.

    1991-01-01

    By exploiting recent developments in computer simulation methods the authors modeled the behavior of hole states in La 2 CuO 4 and excited state defects such as the exciton in LiCl. The authors methodology employs a Hartree-Fock cluster embedded in a classical surround. Although the method is discussed with respect to the hole and exciton defects in particular, the scope of the talk includes other material problems currently being investigated by this method. Thus, the types of problems for which the method are appropriate are illustrated and the present limitations are discussed

  13. Influence of sintering temperature on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Li substituted CuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manikandan, V. [Department of Physics, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-13 (India); Vanitha, A., E-mail: avanitha570@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-13 (India); Kumar, E. Ranjith, E-mail: ranjueaswar@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Dr. NGP Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-48 (India); Kavita, S. [Centre for Automotive Energy Materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Chennai, Tamil nadu-113 (India)

    2017-03-15

    Lithium substituted copper ferrite (Li{sub x}Cu{sub (1−x)}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. XRD analysis confirms the formation of Li substituted Cu ferrite with crystallite size in the range of 17–41 nm. The SEM and TEM microstructure of nanoparticle is well characterized and fine nature improves while increasing of Li concentration and also FTIR analysis exhibit the usual behaviour of ferrite materials. The dielectric properties of the material are increased with increase of concentration. The hysteresis loop is increased which is evident from the increase of saturation magnetization which implies that soft magnetic material has altered into hard magnetic material - Highlights: • Nano rod formation has been initiated while increase of Li concentration. • Under the strong influence of sintering temperature, the soft magnetic behaviour has been changed into hard magnetic behaviour. • The average crystallite sizes of the samples are in the range of 17-41 nm.

  14. Interphase evolution at two promising electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: LiFePO4 and LiNi1/2 Mn1/2O2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dupré, Nicolas; Cuisinier, Marine; Martin, Jean-Frederic; Guyomard, Dominique

    2014-07-21

    The present review reports the characterization and control of interfacial processes occurring on olivine LiFePO(4) and layered LiNi(1/2) Mn(1/2)O(2), standing here as model compounds, during storage and electrochemical cycling. The formation and evolution of the interphase created by decomposition of the electrolyte is investigated by using spectroscopic tools such as magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((7)Li,(19)F and (31)P) and electron energy loss spectroscopy, in parallel to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to quantitatively describe the interphase and unravel its architecture. The influence of the pristine surface chemistry of the active material is carefully examined. The importance of the chemical history of the surface of the electrode material before any electrochemical cycling and the strong correlation between interface phenomena, the formation/evolution of an interphase, and the electrochemical behavior appear clearly from the use of these combined characterization probes. This approach allows identifying interface aging and failure mechanisms. Different types of surface modifications are then investigated, such as intrinsic modifications upon aging in air or methods based on the use of additives in the electrolyte or carbon coatings on the surface of the active materials. In each case, the species detected on the surface of the materials during storage and cycling are correlated with the electrochemical performance of the modified positive electrodes. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Highly selective SiO2 etching over Si3N4 using a cyclic process with BCl3 and fluorocarbon gas chemistries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matsui, Miyako; Kuwahara, Kenichi

    2018-06-01

    A cyclic process for highly selective SiO2 etching with atomic-scale precision over Si3N4 was developed by using BCl3 and fluorocarbon gas chemistries. This process consists of two alternately performed steps: a deposition step using BCl3 mixed-gas plasma and an etching step using CF4/Ar mixed-gas plasma. The mechanism of the cyclic process was investigated by analyzing the surface chemistry at each step. BCl x layers formed on both SiO2 and Si3N4 surfaces in the deposition step. Early in the etching step, the deposited BCl x layers reacted with CF x radicals by forming CCl x and BF x . Then, fluorocarbon films were deposited on both surfaces in the etching step. We found that the BCl x layers formed in the deposition step enhanced the formation of the fluorocarbon films in the CF4 plasma etching step. In addition, because F radicals that radiated from the CF4 plasma reacted with B atoms while passing through the BCl x layers, the BCl x layers protected the Si3N4 surface from F-radical etching. The deposited layers, which contained the BCl x , CCl x , and CF x components, became thinner on SiO2 than on Si3N4, which promoted the ion-assisted etching of SiO2. This is because the BCl x component had a high reactivity with SiO2, and the CF x component was consumed by the etching reaction with SiO2.

  16. Effect of Al2O3 on the sintering of garnet-type Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Yuxing; Yan, Pengfei; Xiao, Jie; Lu, Xiaochuan; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Sprenkle, Vincent L.

    2016-10-01

    It is widely recognized that Al plays a dual role in the fabrication of garnet-type solid electrolytes, i.e., as a dopant that stabilizes the cubic structure and a sintering aid that facilitates the densification. However, the sintering effect of Al2O3 has not been well understood so far because Al is typically “unintentionally” introduced into the sample from the crucible during the fabrication process. In this study, we have investigated the sintering effect of Al on the phase composition, microstructure, and ionic conductivity of Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 by using an Al-free crucible and intentionally adding various amounts of γ-Al2O3. It was found that the densification of Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 occurred via liquid-phase sintering, with evidence of morphology change among different compositions. Among all of the compositions, samples with 0.05 mol of Al per unit formula of garnet oxide (i.e., 0.3 wt% Al2O3) exhibited the optimal microstructure and the highest total ionic conductivity of 5 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature.

  17. Solid state opto-impedance of LiNiVO4 and LiMn2O4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalyani, P; Sivasubramanian, S; Prabhu, S Naveen; Ragavendran, K; Kalaiselvi, N; Ranganathan, N G; Madhu, S; SundaraRaj, A; Manoharan, S P; Jagannathan, R

    2005-01-01

    Spinel type LiMn 2 O 4 and inverse spinel LiNiVO 4 systems serve as standard cathode materials or potential cathode systems for application in high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Upon photo-excitation using UV radiation of energy ∼5 eV, the LiNiVO 4 system shows significant modification in the solid state impedance pattern while the LiMn 2 O 4 system does not. This study has revealed a significant difference in the opto-impedance pattern for LiNiVO 4 with respect to LiMn 2 O 4 , which may be due to the different electronic processes involved. An attempt has been made to study this behaviour from the solid-state viewpoint

  18. Preparation and luminescence properties of Ce3+ and Ce3+/Tb(3+)-activated Y4Si2O7N2 phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, Zhiguo; Wu, Weiwei

    2013-09-28

    Ce(3+) and Ce(3+)/Tb(3+)-activated Y4Si2O7N2 phosphors are synthesized by the solid-state method, which can be efficiently excited by near ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) chips. The PL spectrum of Y4Si2O7N2:Ce(3+) shows a broad hump between 380 and 650 nm, assigned to the electron transition from the 4f energy level to different 5d sub levels of the Ce(3+) ions at different Y(3+) sites. The color of the Y4Si2O7N2:Ce(3+) phosphor can shift from blue to green by introducing Tb(3+). In addition, the energy transfer process from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) in the Y4Si2O7N2 host was investigated and discussed in terms of both the luminescence spectra and decay curves. The energy transfer critical distance has been calculated and evaluated by the concentration quenching method. Therefore, the Ce(3+) and Ce(3+)/Tb(3+)-activated Y4Si2O7N2 phosphors can serve as key materials for phosphor-converted white-light UV-LEDs.

  19. Facile Solution Route to Synthesize Nanostructure Li4Ti5O12 for High Rate Li-Ion Battery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. V. Tran

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available High rate Li-ion batteries have been given great attention during the last decade as a power source for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs, EVs, etc. due to the highest energy and power density. These lithium batteries required a new design of material structure as well as innovative electrode materials. Among the promising candidates, spinel Li4Ti5O12 has been proposed as a high rate anode to replace graphite anode because of high capacity and a negligible structure change during intercalation of lithium. In this work, we synthesized a spinel Li4Ti5O12 in nanosize by a solution route using LiOH and Ti(OBu4 as precursor. An evaluation of structure and morphology by XRD and SEM exhibited pure spinel phase Li4Ti5O12 and homogenous nanoparticles around 100 nm. In the charge-discharge test, nanospinel Li4Ti5O12 presents excellent discharge capacity 160 mAh/g at rate C/10, as well as good specific capacities of 120, 110, and 100 mAh/g at high rates C, 5C and 10C, respectively.

  20. The high temperature synthesis of CsAlSiO 4-ANA, a new polymorph in the system Cs 2OAl 2O 3SiO 2. I. The end member of ANA type of zeolite framework

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dimitrijevic, R.; Dondur, V.; Petranovic, N.

    1991-12-01

    High temperature phase transformations of Cs + exchanged zeolites were investigated. Above 1000°C, CsX, CsY (FAU), and Cs, ZK-4 (LTA) frameworks recrystallized in a pollucite phase. A Cs + loaded mordenite recrystallized at 1300°C in the orthorhombic CsAlSi 5O 12 phase. A Cs + exchanged zeolite A at 960°C recrystallized in a mixture of two polymorphic CsAlSiO 4 phases having different (Al,Si)O 4 frameworks. The unstable orthorhombic CsAlSiO 4ABW phase has a topotactic transition at 1150°C into an ordered low CsAlSiO 4-ANA framework. Further calcination produces, at 1200°C, transformation of the low CsAlSiO 4-ANA phase to the more stable high CsAlSiO 4-ANA polymorph having cubic ( a 0 = 13.6595 (5) Å) symmetry and an ordered SiAl distribution. The crystal structure of high CsAlSiO 4ANA, a new polymorph in the system Cs 2OAl 2O 3SiO 2, was determined using X-ray Rietveld analyses and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy.

  1. Study of the efficiency of AgCl, In2O3, Ga2O3, NaF, LiF and SrF2 as spectrographic carriers in the quantitative analysis of eighteen microcompound elements in uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gomes, R.P.; Lordello, A.R.; Abrao, A.

    1977-01-01

    A comparative study of the efficiency of some spectrochemical carriers (AgCl, In 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , NaF, LiF and SrF 2 ) is presented for the quantitative spectrographic analysis of Ag, Al, B, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, V and Zn in uranium and its compounds. The volatility behaviour of the eighteen elements was verified by means of the moving plate technique for each of the mentioned carriers. The final aim was the selection of the carriers for the determination of trace amounts of the impurities. The best results were obtained with 4% In 2 O 3 , 6% AgCl and 6% NaF in a U 3 O 8 matrix. The sensitivities for some elements were extended to fractions of p.p.m. The precision, accuracy and acceptability of the method were calculated for all elements. The total error values are approximately in the range of 16-45% [pt

  2. LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} - A Lithium nitridosilicate with a [Si{sub 2}N{sub 5}]{sup 7-} double-chain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lupart, Saskia; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Festkoerperchemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (Germany)

    2012-10-15

    The lithium nitridosilicate LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} was synthesized by the reaction of calcium with Si(NH){sub 2} and Li{sub 3}N in weld shut tantalum ampoules at 900 C. The structure of LiCa{sub 3}Si{sub 2}N{sub 5} [space group C2/c, no. 15, a = 5.1454(10), b = 20.380(4), c = 10.357(2) Aa, β = 91.24(3) , wR{sub 2} = 0.1084, 863 data, 102 parameters] consists of [Si{sub 2}N{sub 5}]{sup 7-} double-chains including edge-sharing tetrahedra. The lithium atoms in the crystal structure are situated in strands along the crystallographic b axis. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition. The {sup 29}Si and {sup 7}Li solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations are reported. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  3. Failure initiation and propagation of Li4SiO4 pebbles in fusion blankets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Shuo; Gan Yixiang; Kamlah, Marc

    2013-01-01

    Lithium orthosilicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ) pebbles are considered to be a candidate as solid tritium breeder in the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) blanket. These ceramic pebbles might be crushed during thermomechanical loading in the blanket. In this work, the failure initiation and propagation of pebbles in pebble beds is investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). Pebbles are simplified as mono-sized elastic spheres. Every pebble has a contact strength in terms of critical strain energy, which is derived from a validated strength model and crush test data for pebbles from a specific batch of Li 4 SiO 4 pebbles. Pebble beds are compressed uniaxially and triaxially in DEM simulations. When the strain energy absorbed by a pebble exceeds its critical energy it fails. The failure initiation is defined as a given small fraction of pebbles crushed. It is found that the load level for failure initiation can be very low. For example, if failure initiation is defined as soon as 0.02% of the pebbles have been crushed, the pressure required for uniaxial loading is about 2.5 MPa. Therefore, it is essential to study the influence of failure propagation on the macroscopic response of pebble beds. Thus a reduction ratio defined as the size ratio of a pebble before and after its failure is introduced. The macroscopic stress–strain relation is investigated with different reduction ratios. A typical stress plateau is found for a small reduction ratio.

  4. Three-dimensional rigid multiphase networks providing high-temperature strength to cast AlSi10Cu5Ni1-2 piston alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asghar, Z.; Requena, G.; Boller, E.

    2011-01-01

    The three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of rigid multiphase networks present in AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 piston alloys in as-cast condition and after 4 h spheroidization treatment is characterized by synchrotron tomography in terms of the volume fraction of rigid phases, interconnectivity, contiguity and morphology. The architecture of both alloys consists of α-Al matrix and a rigid long-range 3-D network of Al 7 Cu 4 Ni, Al 4 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 7 , Al 2 Cu, Al 15 Si 2 (FeMn) 3 and AlSiFeNiCu aluminides and Si. The investigated architectural parameters of both alloys studied are correlated with room-temperature and high-temperature (300 deg. C) strengths as a function of solution treatment time. The AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 alloys behave like metal matrix composites with 16 and 20 vol.% reinforcement, respectively. Both alloys have similar strengths in the as-cast condition, but the AlSi10Cu5Ni2 is able to retain ∼15% higher high temperature strength than the AlSi10Cu5Ni1 alloy after more than 4 h of spheroidization treatment. This is due to the preservation of the 3-D interconnectivity and the morphology of the rigid network, which is governed by the higher degree of contiguity between aluminides and Si.

  5. Electrochemical behaviors of wax-coated Li powder/Li 4Ti 5O 12 cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Han Eol; Seong, Il Won; Yoon, Woo Young

    The wax-coated Li powder specimen was effectively synthesized using the drop emulsion technique (DET). The wax layer on the powder was verified by SEM, Focused Ion Beam (FIB), EDX and XPS. The porosity of a sintered wax-coated Li electrode was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and compared with that of a bare, i.e., un-coated Li electrode. The electrochemical behavior of the wax-coated Li powder anode cell was examined by the impedance analysis and cyclic testing methods. The cyclic behavior of the wax-coated Li powder anode with the Li 4Ti 5O 12 (LTO) cathode cell was examined at a constant current density of 0.35 mA cm -2 with the cut-off voltages of 1.2-2.0 V at 25 °C. Over 90% of the initial capacity of the cell remained even after the 300th cycle. The wax-coated Li powder was confirmed to be a stable anode material.

  6. Low-temperature synthesis of Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} with cubic garnet-type structure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xie, Hui [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Li, Yutao [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Goodenough, John B., E-mail: jgoodenough@mail.utexas.edu [Texas Materials Institute, ETC 9.184, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States)

    2012-05-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer One-step synthesis and its optimization of cubic garnet Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} at 750 Degree-Sign C. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Instability above 800 Degree-Sign C of the Al-free cubic Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Li{sup +}-ion conductivity without adventitious Al{sup 3+}. -- Abstract: In this paper, we report the direct synthesis of Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} with the cubic garnet-type structure at low temperature with a lattice constant of 13.0035 Angstrom-Sign . The synthesis condition is optimized to be at 750 Degree-Sign C for 8 h with 30 wt% excess lithium salt. No intermediate grinding was involved in this straightforward route. Without the adventitious of Al{sup 3+}, the cubic Li{sub 7}La{sub 3}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 12} is unstable above 800 Degree-Sign C and has an ionic conductivity of the order of 10{sup -6} S cm{sup -1}.

  7. Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 Nanosheets with Structural Defects as High-Rate and Long-Life Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Hui; Chen, Jian; Li, Yanhuai; Guo, Xinli; Shen, Yuanfang; Wang, Dan; Zhang, Yao; Wang, Zengmei

    2017-06-07

    Development of high-power lithium-ion batteries with high safety and durability has become a key challenge for practical applications of large-scale energy storage devices. Accordingly, we report here on a promising strategy to synthesize a high-rate and long-life Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 anode material. The novel material exhibits remarkable rate capability and long-term cycle stability. The specific capacities at 20 and 30 C (1 C = 175 mA g -1 ) reach 170.3 and 168.2 mA h g -1 , respectively. Moreover, a capacity of up to 161.3 mA h g -1 is retained after 1000 cycles at 20 C, and the capacity retention ratio reaches up to 94.2%. The extraordinary rate performance of the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 composite is attributed to the existence of oxygen vacancies and grain boundaries, significantly enhancing electrical conductivity and lithium insertion/extraction kinetics. Meanwhile, the pseudocapacitive effect is induced owing to the presence of abundant interfaces in the composite, which is beneficial to enhancing specific capacity and rate capability. Additionally, the ultrahigh capacity at low rates, greater than the theoretical value of spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , may be correlated to the lithium vacancies in 8a sites, increasing the extra docking sites of lithium ions.

  8. The effect of TiO2 on nucleation and crystallization of a Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass investigated by XANES and STEM.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kleebusch, Enrico; Patzig, Christian; Krause, Michael; Hu, Yongfeng; Höche, Thomas; Rüssel, Christian

    2018-02-13

    Glass ceramics based on Li 2 O/Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 are of high economic importance, as they often show very low coefficients of thermal expansion. This enables a number of challenging applications, such as cooktop panels, furnace windows or telescope mirror blanks. Usually, the crystallization of the desired LAS crystal phases within the glasses must be tailored by a careful choice of crystallization schedule and type of nucleation agents to be used. The present work describes the formation of nanocrystalline TiO 2 within an LAS base composition that contains solely TiO 2 as nucleating agent. Using a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is found that a mixture of four- and six-fold coordinated Ti 4+ ions exists already within the glass. Heating of the glass to 740 °C immediately changes this ratio towards a high content of six-fold coordinated Ti, which accumulates in liquid-liquid phase-separation droplets. During the course of thermal treatment, these droplets eventually evolve into nanocrystalline TiO 2 precipitations, in which Ti 4+ is six-fold coordinated. Thus, it is shown that the nucleation of nanocrystalline TiO 2 is initiated by a gradual re-arrangement of the Ti ions in the amorphous, glassy matrix, from a four-fold towards a six-fold coordination.

  9. ESR of Gd3+ in magnetically ordered Eu2CuO4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rettori, C.; Oseroff, S.B.; Rao, D.; Valdivia, J.A.; Barberis, G.E.; Martins, G.B.; Sarrao, J.; Fisk, Z.; Tovar, M.

    1996-01-01

    Electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments of Gd 3+ in the antiferromagnetic (AF) ordered phase (T N ) of Eu 2 CuO 4 can be interpreted in terms of four magnetically nonequivalent rare-earth sites with local internal fields H i =±310(30) Oe along the [100] and [010] directions. The internal field is well described by a dipolar magnetic field of a noncollinear AF array of 0.35(4) μ B per Cu moment aligned along the [100] and [010] directions. This is consistent with recent results of magnetic-field-dependent neutron-diffraction experiments. From the ESR and magnetic susceptibility data, the crystal field parameters for Gd 3+ and Eu 3+ in Eu 2 CuO 4 are determined. The exchange parameters between the rare earths are also estimated. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  10. Folate conjugated Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles for targeted magnetic resonance imaging in vivo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Xinyi [The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); Zhou, Zhiguo, E-mail: zgzhou@shnu.edu.cn [The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); Wang, Li; Tang, Caizhi; Yang, Hong [The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); Yang, Shiping, E-mail: shipingy@shnu.edu.cn [The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234 (China); The Education Ministry Key Lab of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641 (China)

    2014-09-15

    Graphical abstract: The Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}(PEG)–FA has been used as a T{sub 1}-MRI probe for in vivo. - Highlights: • The PEG and FA modified Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles (Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}–FA) were prepared. • Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}–FA exhibited the good colloidal stability in the simulated biological medium. • Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}–FA showed the targeting ability to HeLa cells overexpressed the FA receptor. • The T{sub 1}-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated the targeting ability of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}–FA in vivo tumor. - Abstract: The monodisperse silica-coated manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2} NPs) were synthesized via the high temperature pyrolysis approach and were aminated through silanization. The amine-functionalized Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} NPs enabled the covalent conjugation of hydrophilic methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the targeting ligand of folate (FA) onto their surface. The formed PEG and FA modified Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4} NPs (Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}(PEG)–FA) exhibited the good colloidal stability in the simulated biological medium and the targeting ability to HeLa cells overexpressed the FA receptor. The T{sub 1}-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}@SiO{sub 2}(PEG)–FA NPs further demonstrated their targeting ability in tumor.

  11. Momentum Dependence of Charge Excitations in YBa2Cu3O7-δ and Nd2-xCexCuO4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishii, Kenji

    2006-03-01

    Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) studies at Cu K-edge on high-Tc superconducting cuprates, YBa2Cu3O7-δ and Nd2-xCexCuO4 are presented. The superconductivity occurs in the vicinity of the Mott insulating state and it is important to clarify the nature of the Mott gap and its doping dependence. Because RIXS has an advantage that we can measure charge excitation in a wide energy-momentum space, it gives a unique opportunity to study the electronic structure of materials. We apply this technique to high-Tc superconducting cuprates. In particular the electronic structure of strongly correlated metals is in the focus of our RIXS study. The experiments were performed at BL11XU of SPring-8, Japan, where a specially designed spectrometer for inelastic x-ray scattering is installed. In optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ, anisotropic spectra are observed in the ab plane of a twin-free crystal. The Mott gap excitation from the one-dimensional CuO chain is enhanced at 2 eV near the zone boundary of the chain direction, while the excitation from the CuO2 plane is broad at 1.5-4 eV and almost independent of momentum. Theoretical calculation based on the one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hubbard model reproduces the observed features in the RIXS spectra when smaller values of the on-site Coulomb energy of the chain than that of the plane are assumed. This means that the charge transfer gap of the chain is smaller than that of the plane. On the other hand, both interband excitation across the Mott gap and intraband excitation in the upper Hubbard band are observed in the electron-doped Nd2-xCexCuO4. The intensity of the interband excitation is concentrated at ˜ 2 eV near the zone boundary while a dispersion relation with a momentum-dependent width emerges in the intraband excitation. The author would like to acknowledge to his collaborators, K. Tsutsui, Y. Endoh, T. Tohyama, K. Kuzushita, T. Inami, K. Ohwada, M. Hoesch, M. Tsubota, Y. Murakami, J. Mizuki, S. Maekawa, T

  12. Pushing and trapping phenomena in YBa2Cu3O7 melt-textured composites with BaZrO3 and Ag additions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carrillo, A E; Puig, T; Obradors, X

    2005-01-01

    A new Ag trapped particle morphology has been discovered in melt-textured YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 /Ag composites where the interface energy between particle inclusions and a solid matrix has been enhanced with BaZrO 3 additives. The enhanced pushing effect generates square-like macrosegregation bands where the secondary additives Y 2 BaCuO 5 , BaZrO 3 , and Ag are accumulated. It is shown that elongated Ag particles with a long axis ∼ 60-120 μm and aspect ratios as high as a ∼ 12 can be trapped in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 matrix free of any other additive with a very anisotropic orientation. It is demonstrated that the elongated Ag particles lie with the long axis parallel to the growth direction in all the growth sectors generated by the top seeding growth. The pushing-trapping theory is used to explain qualitatively the unusual phenomenon of a growth-induced morphological shaping of inclusion particles

  13. Structure, glass transition temperature and spectroscopic properties of 10Li2O-xP2O5-(89-x)TeO2-1CuO (5≤x≤25 mol%) glass system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Upender, G; Babu, J Chinna; Mouli, V Chandra

    2012-04-01

    X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR), Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption studies on 10Li2O-xP2O5-(89-x)TeO2-1CuO glasses (where x=5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol%) have been carried out. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed using XRD and FESEM measurements. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of glass samples have been estimated from DSC traces and found that the Tg increases with increasing P2O5 content. Both the IR and Raman studies have been showed that the present glass system consists of [TeO3], [TeO4], [PO3] and [PO4] units. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters such as g∥, g⊥, and A∥ have been determined from EPR spectra and it was found that the Cu2+ ion is present in tetragonal distorted octahedral site with [Formula: see text] as the ground state. Bonding parameters and bonding symmetry of Cu2+ ions have been calculated by correlating EPR and optical data and were found to be composition dependent. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Oxidative extraction and ion-exchange of lithium in Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 3/: Synthesis of Li/sub 2-x/MoO/sub 3/ (02.0) and H/sub 2/MoO/sub 3//sup +/

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gopalakrishnan, J.; Bhat, V.

    1987-01-01

    It is shown that lithium can be oxidatively extracted from Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 3/ at room temperature using Br/sub 2/ in CHCl/sub 3/. The delithiated oxides, Li/sub 2-x/MoO/sub 3/ (O 0 C. Li/sub 2/MiO/sub 3/ undergoes topotactic ion-exchange in aqueous H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ to yield a new protonated oxide, H/sub 2/MoO/sub 3/

  15. A common behaviour of thermoelectric layered cobaltites: incommensurate spin density wave states in [Ca2Co4/3Cu2/3O4]0.62[CoO2] and [Ca2CoO3]0.62[CoO2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sugiyama, J; Brewer, J H; Ansaldo, E J; Itahara, H; Dohmae, K; Xia, C; Seno, Y; Hitti, B; Tani, T

    2003-01-01

    Magnetism of a misfit layered cobaltite [Ca 2 Co 4/3 Cu 2/3 O 4 ] x RS [CoO 2 ] (x ∼ 0.62, RS denotes a rocksalt-type block) was investigated by a positive muon spin rotation and relaxation (μ + SR) experiment. A transition to an incommensurate (IC) spin density wave (SDW) state was found below 180 K (= T C on ); and a clear oscillation due to a static internal magnetic field was observed below 140 K(= T C ). Furthermore, an anisotropic behaviour of the zero-field μ + SR experiment indicated that the IC-SDW lies in the a-b plane, with oscillating moments directed along the c axis. These results were quite similar to those for the related compound [Ca 2 CoO 3 ] 0.62 RS [CoO 2 ], i.e., Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 . Since the IC-SDW field in [Ca 2 Co 4/3 Cu 2/3 O 4 ] 0.62 RS [CoO 2 ] was approximately the same as those in pure and doped [Ca 2 CoO 3 ] 0.62 RS [CoO 2 ], it was concluded that the IC-SDW exists in the [CoO 2 ] planes

  16. Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive LiCl-KCl Waste Salt by Using SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}(SAP) Inorganic Composite: Part 1. Dechlorination Behavior of LiCl-KCl and Characteristics of Consolidation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cho, In Hak; Park, Hwan Seo; Ahn, Soo Na; Kim, In Tae; Cho, Yong Zun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-03-15

    The metal chloride wastes from a pyrochemical process to recover uranium and transuranic elements has been considered as a problematic waste difficult to apply to a conventional solidification method due to the high volatility and low compatibility with silicate glass. In this study, a dechlorination approach to treat LiCl-KCl waste for final disposal was adapted. In this study, a SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} (SAP) inorganic composite as a dechlorination agent was prepared by a conventional sol-gel process. By using a series of SAPs, the dechlorination behavior and consolidation of reaction products were investigated. Different from LiCl waste, the dechlorination reaction occurred mainly at two temperature ranges. The thermogravimetric test indicated that the first reaction range was about 400 degree C for LiCl and the second was about 700 degree C for KCl. The SAP 1071 (Si/Al/P=1/0.75/1 in molar) was found to be the most favorable SAP as a dechlorination agent under given conditions. The consolidation test revealed that the bulk shape and the densification of consolidated forms depended on the SAP/Salt ratios. The leaching test by PCT-A method was performed to evaluate the durability of consolidated forms. This study provided the basic information on the dechlorination approach. Based on the experimental results, the dechlorination method using a SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}(SAP) could be considered as one of alternatives for the immobilization of waste salt.

  17. A new, high energy rechargeable lithium ion battery with a surface-treated Li{sub 1.2}Mn{sub 0.54}Ni{sub 0.13}Co{sub 0.13}O{sub 2} cathode and a nano-structured Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xiaoyu; Huang, Tao; Yu, Aishui, E-mail: asyu@fudan.edu.cn

    2015-11-05

    Through elaborate design, a new rechargeable lithium ion battery has been developed by comprising a surface-treated Li{sub 1.2}Mn{sub 0.54}Ni{sub 0.13}Co{sub 0.13}O{sub 2} cathode and a nano-structured Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode. After precondition Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8} treatment, the initial coulombic efficiency of Li{sub 1.2}Mn{sub 0.54}Ni{sub 0.13}Co{sub 0.13}O{sub 2} cathode has been significantly increased and can be compatible with that of the nano-structured Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode. The optimization of structure and morphology for both active electrode materials result in their remarkable electrochemical performances in respective lithium half-cells. Ultimately, the rechargeable lithium ion full battery consisting of both electrodes delivers a specific capacity of 99.0 mAh g{sup −1} and a practical energy density of 201 Wh kg{sup −1}, based on the total weight of both active electrode materials. Furthermore, as a promising candidate in the lithium ion battery field, this full battery also achieves highly attractive electrochemical performance with high coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability and outstanding rate capability. Thus the proposed battery displays broad practical application prospects for next generation of high-energy lithium ion battery. - Highlights: • The Li{sub 1.2}Mn{sub 0.54}Ni{sub 0.13}Co{sub 0.13}O{sub 2} cathode is surface-treated by Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8}. • The nano-sized Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode is obtained by a solid-state method. • A new Li{sub 1.2}Mn{sub 0.54}Ni{sub 0.13}Co{sub 0.13}O{sub 2}/Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} lithium ion battery is developed. • The battery shows high coulombic efficiency, specific capacity and energy density. • The battery shows high capacity retention rate and good high-rate capability.

  18. Nanostructured Networks for Energy Storage: Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT as Current Collectors for High-Power Li4Ti5O12(LTO//LiMn2O4(LMO Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabian Pawlitzek

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available As a concept for electrode architecture in high power lithium ion batteries, self-supported nanoarrays enable ultra-high power densities as a result of their open pore geometry, which results in short and direct Li+-ion and electron pathways. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT on metallic current collectors with low interface resistance are used as current collectors for the chemical solution infiltration of electroactive oxides to produce vertically aligned carbon nanotubes decorated with in situ grown LiMn2O4 (LMO and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO nanoparticles. The production processes steps (catalyst coating, VACNT chemical vapor deposition (CVD, infiltration, and thermal transformation are all scalable, continuous, and suitable for niche market production to achieve high oxide loadings up to 70 wt %. Due to their unique transport structure, as-prepared nanoarrays achieve remarkably high power densities up to 2.58 kW kg−1, which is based on the total electrode mass at 80 C for LiMn2O4//Li4Ti5O12 full cells. The tailoring of LTO and LMO nanoparticle size (~20–100 nm and VACNT length (array height: 60–200 µm gives insights into the rate-limiting steps at high current for these kinds of nanoarray electrodes at very high C-rates of up to 200 C. The results reveal the critical structural parameters for achieving high power densities in VACNT nanoarray full cells.

  19. Effect of defect on the nonlinear and dielectric property of Ca(1–x)SrxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics synthesized by sol–gel process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Tao; Liu, Dewei; Dai, Haiyang; Xiang, Huiwen; Chen, Zhenping; He, Huifang; Chen, Zhiquan

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. • Positron annihilation lifetime spectra is used to investigate the defects of samples. • Nonlinear and dielectric properties are controlled by density and defects of samples. - Abstract: Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) ceramics are synthesized by sol–gel process. The XRD patterns show that weak peaks of Sr 4 Ti 3 O 10 , TiO 2 and Ca 1.7 Sr 0.3 CuO 3 begin to appear at x ⩾ 0.2. Sr-doping is conductive to increase the density and reduce the defect concentration Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics as x ⩽ 0.15. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping reduces the density and enhances the concentration of defects for the ceramics. The nonlinear coefficient value increases and reaches a maximum 13.5 at x = 0.15, and then decreases gradually with increasing x. The dielectric properties demonstrate that, as x ⩽ 0.15, Sr-doping not only increases the dielectric permittivity value and decreases the dielectric loss but also reduces the dependence on frequency at low frequencies. With increasing x (0.2 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4), Sr-doping begins to lead to an inverse result in dielectric behaviors. The nonlinear and dielectric properties of Ca (1−x) Sr x Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics are directly controlled by the density and defects

  20. Theoretical study of EPR spectra in Cu2+ - and Mn2+ - doped CaCd(CH3COO)4.6H2O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Yiyang; Zhao Minguang

    1987-08-01

    The EPR spectra of CaCd(CH 3 COO) 4 .6H 2 O doped with Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ have been studied theoretically. A comparison between the calculated results and the experimental data shows quantitatively that the Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ ions substitute for the Cd 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, respectively. This conclusion is consistent with the qualitative assumption given by previous authors. (author). 36 refs, 1 fig., 3 tabs