Sample records for posledstvij odinochnykh podzemnykh
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alekseev, F A; Gol' bek, G R; Sojfer, V N; Vasil' eva, N A; Majdebor, V N; Sokolovskij, Eh V; Shan' gin, N N
1962-01-15
: infiltracion del agua a traves de los sectores mas permeables del estrato, a velocidades comprendidas entre 10 y 30 m por dia, y avance del contorno basico de agua bombeada en una parte relativamente homogenea del estrato, a una velocidad de 2 m por dia. Este ultimo desplazamiento corresponde a las velocidades (1,9 a 2,2 m por dia) calculadas teoricamente para un estrato homogeneo. Es posible evaluar cuantitativamente el flujo en los desplazamientos de ambos tipos. Se ha ideado un metodo que emplea tritio para observar la comunicacion entre las aguas presentes en los distintos sectores intercalados en el estrato productivo de una vena petrolifera. Los autores proponen un metodo nuevo para controlar la explotacion de yacimientos petroliferos gracias al tritio natural contenido en las aguas superficiales inyectadas en el estrato, tanto en el interior como en el exterior del contorno. El lento desplazamiento del contorno de yacimientos petroliferos grandes, en los que se hayan realizado pocas perforaciones, puede ser estudiado durante periodos largos (unos 10 anos). De la cantidad de tritio desintegrado que contenga el agua subyacente a 1a. capa petrolifera de un pozo en explotacion pueden deducirse los tiempos y velocidades de desplazamiento del agua de contorno con una exactitud de {+-} 1 ano. Basta un numero reducido de analisis (no mas de 300 a 500 analisis por ano en un gran yacimiento) para seguir el desplazamiento del contorno. Se ha ideado un aparato sumamente sensible para medir el tritio en las aguas superficiales con contadores contrastados llenos de liquido. La mayor parte de las organizaciones industriales puede disponer de aparatos de este tipo. (author) [Russian] Izlagaetsya razvitie metoda vodnogo indikatora s ispol'zovaniem iskusstvennogo i prirodnogo tritiya pri izuchenii dvizheniya podzemnykh vod. Ustanovleno dva vozmozhnykh tipa dvizheniya zhidkosti po plastu, protiv vody po naibolee pronitsaemym uchastkam plasta so skorostyami 10/30 m/sutki i prodvizhenie
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Lazjuk, G I; Zatsepin, I O; Kravchuk, Zn P; Khmel, R D
2003-04-01
Long-term study of the prevalence of congenital malformations (CM) in the population of Belarus, carried out by Belarus Institute for Hereditary Diseases, showed considerably increased, from 5.6% in 1980-1985 to 7.2% in 1986-1996, frequency of the anomalies found in embryos, increased number of malformations in induced abortuses and also the growth of CM in newborns, from 5 in 1983-1985 to 7.2 in 2001, in post-Chernobyl period. The highest raise was registered in the mostly contaminated with Cs-137 areas in the first post-Chernobyl years. There are various reasons for the observed increase, but they are still not clearly understood. Nutrition imbalance (deficit of vitamins, essential amino acids and soluble selenium), physoemotional stress, hormone imbalance, alcoholism and increased level of mutations due to additional exposure of the gonads of the residents of contaminated areas of the Republic can have some impact. Positive prevalence trend of multifactorial anomalies evidences multifactorial origin of the increased prevalence of embryonal anomalies. Both, increased prevalence of CM with great contribution of dominant mutations and the peak of Down's syndrome cases, recorded in January, 1987 with maximum in Gomel region, suggest mutation component. At present, the most efficient measures to prevent the birth of malformed children are prenatal diagnostics and vitamin supplement of the couples, who plan their pregnancy, and pregnant women in the first trimester. According to the conclusion, made by WHO experts, vitamin intake can considerably reduce many CM with multifactorial origin. Positive results can be achieved only if the problem is solved by the government, when vitamins are added to flour, cereals and bread. Prenatal diagnostics with subsequent termination of pregnancy, where incurable anomalies are found, contributes greatly to the reduction of the proportion of malformed newborns, irrespective of the factors, which caused the anomalies. Thus, in Belarus in the last 5 years about 500 pregnancies were terminated annually for genetic reasons. Over 100 pregnancies were terminated in Gomel region, which considerably reduced (by 1-3%) perinatal mortality, children's morbidity and disability. The number of children, born with the anomalies of the central nervous system, renal polycystosis and agenesis, omphalocele, reduction limb defects, is decreasing most considerably. The potentialities of prenatal diagnostics of CM are far from being used adequately in the Republic. With sufficient financing, present-day techniques allow prenatal diagnosing of 1000 cases instead of 600 diagnosed each year. The program will be productive, if prenatal biochemical screening and invasive prenatal procedures are financed regularly and interregional centres for prenatal diagnostics are created. These measures will not only reduce the proportion of children, born with congenital malformations, but increase the birth rate in Belarus, since the future mothers will not be scared to give birth to a malformed child, which is especially essential for the population exposed to radiation due to Chernobyl accident (authors)
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Volf, V. [Department of Ionizing Radiation Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Disease, Prague, CSSR (Czech Republic)
1963-02-15
In short-term experiments on rats the passage of radioactive strontium through the intestinal wall was modified by oral treatment using barium sulphate and normal calcium phosphate. However, in rats on a diet containing barium sulphate there was no change in the absorption of Sr{sup 90} given in drinking water. It was concluded that this substance could be of value in first-aid treatment only. In two cases of slight internal contamination following accidental Sr{sup 90} nitrate inhalation, barium sulphate (Skiabaryum Spofa) was administered orally within 10 and 30 min after the inhalation of Sr{sup 90}. The effectiveness of this treatment was tested in model experiments on rats performed under similar conditions as in the accidents. More recently, experiments on similar lines have been carried out on several cancer patients, in order to investigate further possibilities of first-aid treatment following acute internal radiostrontium contamination in man. (author) [French] Dans des experiences de breve duree sur les rats, le passage de radiostrontium a travers la paroi de l'intestin etait modifie par l'administration par voie buccale de sulfate de baryum et de phosphate de calcium normal. Toutefois, chez des rats dont le regime alimentaire contenait du sulfate de baryum, il n'y a pas eu de modification de l'absorption de {sup 90}Sr melange a l'eau de boisson. On en conclut que cette substance ne peut etre utile que pour un traitement de premiere urgence. Dans deux cas de legere contamination interne par inhalation accidentelle de {sup 90}Sr sous forme de nitrate, on a administre du sulfate de baryum (Skiabaryum Spofa) par voie buccale dans les 10 et les 30 min qui ont suivi l'inhalation de {sup 90}Sr. L'efficacite de ce traitement a ete etudiee au cours d'experiences temoins effectuees sur des rats dans des conditions identiques a celles des accidents. Plus recemment, on a procede a des experiences analogues sur plusieurs cancereux en vue de trouver d'autres possibilites de traitement de premiere urgence de la contamination interne aigue par le radiostrontium chez l'homme. (author) [Spanish] En experimentos de corta duracion realizados con ratas, se ha modificado la absorcion del radioestroncio a traves de la pared intestinal por tratamiento oral con sulfato barico y fosfato calcico normal. Por el contrario, ha permanecido inalterada la absorcion del ''9''0Sr administrado con el agua de bebida a ratas sometidas a un regimen que comprendia sulfato barico. De ello se deduce que esta sustancia solo puede ser de alguna utilidad en un tratamiento de primeros auxilios. En dos casos de ligera contaminacion interna consecutiva a la inhalacion accidental de nitrato de {sup 90}Sr se ha administrado suliato barico (Skiabaryum Spoia) por via oral a los 10 y 30 minutos de ocurrir la inhalacion. La eficacia de este tratamiento se ha verificado en experimentos realizados con ratas en las mismas condiciones en que se produjeron los accidentes. En fecha mas reciente, se han efectuado experimentos analogos en varios enfermos de cancer para estudiar otras posibilidades que ofrece el tratamiento de primeros auxilios, administrado a raiz de una contaminacion interna aguda causada por el radioestroncio en el organismo humano. (author) [Russian] V neprodolzhitel'nykh ehksperimentakh na krysakh izuchalos' izmenenie prokhozhdeniya radiostrontsiya cherez kishechnuyu stenku pod vliyaniem skarmlivaniya sernokislogo bariya i normal'nogo fosfornokislogo kal'tsiya. Odnako u krys, soderzhashchikhsya na diete, vklyuchayushchej sernokislyj barij, ne obnaruzheno izmenenij vsasyvaniya strontsiya-90, kotoryj zhivotnye poluchali s pit'evoj vodoj. Sdelan vyvod, chto ehto veshchestvo mozhet primenyat'sya lish' dlya okazaniya pervoj pomoshchi. V dvukh sluchayakh legkogo vnutrennego zarazheniya posle sluchajnogo vdykhaniya nitrata strontsiya-90 sernokislyj barij (Skiabarij Spofa) davalsya vnutr' cherez 10 i 30 minut posle vdykhaniya strontsiya-90. Ehivnoot' ehtogo lecheniya proveryalas' v ehksperimente na krysakh v tekh zhe usloviyakh, kotorye imeli mesto vo vremya intsidenta. Pozdnee byli issledovany neskol'ko rakovykh bol'nykh s tsel'yu izucheniya dal'nejshikh vozmozhnostej okazaniya pervoj pomoshchi pri ostrom vnutrennem otravlenii radiostrontsiem u cheloveka. (author)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bainbridge, A E; O' Brien, B J [Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Gracefield (New Zealand)
1962-01-15
grifo en el Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, a fin de calcular el tiempo de permanencia de las aguas en el deposito artesiano del Valle de Hutt. Se expone un numero limitado de resultados de las mediciones de tritio en nieves alpinas y en aguas de pozo geotermicas, aguas oceanicas y aguas de lluvia caidas sobre Wellington. (author) [Russian] Bol'shoe kolichestvo razlichnykh prob prirodnykh vod bylo otobrano dlya izucheniya s tsel'yu opredelit' izbytok tritiya. Seriya izmerenij tritiya v vodakh Akataravy bliz Vellingtona s aprelya 1956 po dekabr' 1960 goda pokazali nalichie v dozhdevykh vodakh, vypadayushchikh v Novoj Zelandii, tritiya, voznikshego v rezul'tate ispytaniya atomnykh bomb. Sravnenie ehtogo urovnya soderzhaniya tritiya s izmereniyami, proizvedennymi s vodoprovodnoj vodoj v Institute yadernykh issledovanij, bylo ispol'zovano dlya opredeleniya vremeni khraneniya vody v artezianskom bassejne KHut-Vallej. Budet predstavleno nekotoroe chislo rezul'tatov izmerenij tritiya v podzemnykh vodakh, v okeane, v dozhdevykh vodakh Vellingtona i v al'pijskikh snegakh. (author)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Torubarov, F S; Chinkina, O V [Institut Biofiziki, Moscow (USSR)
1991-01-01
Analysis of the results of clinicopsychological investigation of persons developing ARS (1-3 degree of severity) as a result of the Chernobyl accident has shown that 4-6 mos. after the exposure the psychic status and mental working ability of the affected persons showed close correlation with a degree of ARS. In 12-18 mos. profession and adequate employment played a decisive role in the formation of unfavorable psychic conditions and limited working ability. Later on in 2.5-3 years after exposure a decrease in psychic working ability, the development of unfavorable psychic conditions was noted more frequently in patients with ARS of more severe types and in examinees of older age. At all stages of rehabilitation personality traits of the affected persons play an important role in the revival of working abilities.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shevchuk, V E; Gurachevskij, V L; Kapitonova, Eh K [eds.
2004-04-01
The proceeding reflects new scientific results and contains three parts - medical consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident and dose monitoring of human population; problems of the contaminated territories and social and economical development of the regions; radioecological and radiobiological consequences of the accident and their forecasting.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cohen, S. G. [Brandeis University Waltham, MA (United States)
1965-10-15
radikalami, a takzhe fotohimicheskie i navedennye radiaciej bol'shoj jenergii reakcii mogut byt' katalizirovany ili zatormozheny bystrymi reakcijami obmena atoma vodoroda merkaptanov i disul'fidov. Navedennye pod vlijaniem sveta radikaly i senzitivirovannye benzofenonom reakcii dekarbonizacii aldegidov katalizirujutsja merkaptanami. Cepnaja reakcija posledovatel'nogo perenosa vodoroda R' + RCH = O -> RH + RC = O uskorjaetsja analogichnoj posledovatel'nost'ju perenosov atoma vodoroda s uchastiem slozhnyh soedinenij sery: R' + C{sub 6}H{sub 5}CH{sub 2}SH -> RH + C{sub 6}H{sub 5}CH{sub 2}S'; C{sub 6}H{sub 5}CH{sub 2}S + RCH = 0 -> C{sub 6}H{sub 5}CH{sub 2}SH + RC = 0. Fotovosstanovlenie benzofenona v 2-propanole vedet k obrazovaniju benzpinakola cherez necepnuju reakciju posredstvom radikalov (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}){sub 2}C-OH and (CH{sub 3}){sub 2}COH. Jeta reakcija zamedljaetsja i tormozitsja merkaptanom i disul'fidom, kotorye vnov' prevrashhajut radikaly v ishodnye materialy bystrymi reakcijami perenosa vodoroda, a sami reagenty regenerirujutsja v svoi sostojanija drugoj valentnosti, prichem kazhdaja molekula slozhnogo soedinenija sery prohodit bez himicheskih posledstvij cherez mnogie kvanty: (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}){sub 2}C-OH + AS' -> (C{sub 6}H{sub 5}){sub 2}C = O + ASH; (CH{sub 3}){sub 2}C-OH + ASH -> (CH{sub 3}){sub 2}C = 0 + AS'. Dokazatel'stvami takogo mehanizma mogut sluzhit': privedenie v sostojanie ravnovesija pervonachal'no prisutstvovavshego merkaptana ili disul'fida vo vremja tormozhenija; grozdevanie opticheski aktivnogo spirta vo vremja tormozhenija; obmen dejterija vo vremja tormozhenija. Analogichnoe tormozhenie nabljudaetsja pri obrazovanii odnogo tol'ko promezhutochnogo radikala, kak jeto proishodit v spirtovyh sostavah benzofenona - benzgidrola i acetofenona - {alpha} - metilbenzila. Tormozhenie slozhnymi soedinenijami sery putem takogo zhe mehanizma nabljudaetsja v navedennom gamma-luchami kobal'ta-60 prevrashhenii benzofenona v benzpinakol; naftalin ne proizvodit
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zahn, L. L.; Smith, C. W.; Junkins, R. L. [Hanford Laboratories General Electric Co., Richland, WA (United States)
1963-02-15
megakjuri takih radioizotopov, kak Sr{sup 90}, Cs{sup 137}, Ce{sup 144}, i Pm{sup 147} bol'shoj otdalennosti istochnikov snabzhenija jetimi produktami delenija neobhodimo upakovyvat' i otpravljat' ih krupnymi partijami. Imeetsja precedent otpravki otdel'nogo opredelennogo radioizotopa v koncentrirovannom vide aktivnost'ju porjadka sto tysjach kjuri, chto predstavljaet soboj vsego lish' neskol'ko kilogrammov produkta. Otpravki takogo roda soprjazheny s potencial'nymi vozmozhnostjami raznogo roda neschastnyh sluchaev, pri kotoryh nekotoroe kolichestvo soderzhimogo kontejnera mozhet popast' v atmosferu ili v sistemu vodosnabzhenija. Dlja otpravok iz Hjenforda byli razrabotany konstrukcii kontejnerov, obespechivajushhie germetichnost' i sohrannost' soderzhimogo vo vseh obychnyh uslovijah transportirovki i pri vozmozhnyh avarijah, naprimer pri udare o tverduju poverhnost' s siloj 44 fut/funt/sek s posledujushhim vysvobozhdeniem tepla v techenie 48 chasov ili pri nahozhdenii v ogne pri 2 500 Degree-Sign F v techenie dvuh chasov. Pervonachal'nye konstrukcii kontejnerov predusmatrivali, pomimo germetizacii, manipuljatory dlja pogruzki i razgruzki, a takzhe distancionnoe upravlenie kryshkami kontejnerov pri tehnologicheskoj obrabotke. Do nastojashhego vremeni produkty delenija transportirovalis' libo v vide briketov, stabilizirovavshihsja v samom kontejnere, libo v vide adsorbirovannyh kationami produktov, ulovlennyh neorganicheskimi materialami ionnoobmennikov. Opisyvaetsja konstrukcija hjenfordskih kontejnerov, kotorye byli ispol'zovany dlja transportirovki stroncija-90 v oboih vidah produkta, i ukazyvaetsja razlichie v osnovnyh trebovanijah konstrukcii. Hotja jeti kontejnery byli skonstruirovany s uchetom opredelennyh avarijnyh uslovij, dopuskalos', chto v sluchae ser'eznogo incidenta mozhet proizojti vybros nekotorogo kolichestva soderzhimogo. Ocenka posledstvij takih sluchaev pokazyvaet, chto popadanie radioaktivnogo veshhestva v ajerozoli bolee pagubno chem v sistemu
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sinnhuber, R. O.; Landers, Mary K.; Yu, T. C. [Department of Food Science And Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States); Simon, M.; Heiligman, F. [United States Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, MA (United States)
1966-11-15
vodoj. Posle togo, kak kolbaski v techenie nochi ostyli i protein zatverdel, ih razrezali na lepeshki tolshhinoj 3/8 djujma, pomestili v banki i obluchili dozoj v 4,5 Mrad. Sterilizovannye oblucheniem produkty hranilis' v techenie 12 mesjacev pri temperature 72 Degree-Sign F, pri jetom periodicheski proizvodilas' ocenka kachestva, a takzhe posledstvij razlichnoj obrabotki. Jeta obrabotka vkljuchala upakovku v vakuume, vkljuchenie razlichnyh antiokislitelej i ispol'zovanie paketov dlja drevesnogo uglja. Neposredstvenno pered potrebleniem produkty pokryvalis' vzbitym testom i panirovochnymi suharjami i kak sleduet prozharivalis. Ocenka rybnyh pirozhkov proizvodilas' degustatorami, a takzhe putem izmerenija ob{sup e}ktivnyh pokazatelej, takih kak obshhie letuchie osnovanija, 2-tiobarbiturovoe kislotnoe chislo, pH i cvetnaja otrazhatel'naja sposobnost. Gruppy degustatorov (140- 170 chelovek) dali udovletvoritel'nuju ocenku vkusovyh kachestv produktov v.techenie 12 mesjacev hranenija pri temperature 72 Degree-Sign F. Hotja posle 12 mesjacev degustatory otdali predpochtenie neobluchennym kontrol'nym obrazcam, vse hranivshiesja obluchennye pirozhki poluchili polozhitel'nuju ocenku,po 9-ti bal'noj gedonicheskoj sisteme. Cvetnaja otrazhatel'naja sposobnost' sterilizovannyh oblucheniem morskih pishhevyh produktov ispol'zovalas' v kachestve merila, vyzvannogo oblucheniem potemnenija produktov i, kazhetsja, zavisit ot prodolzhitel'nosti hranenija. (author)
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Fischer, G.; Barts, E. W.; Kapil, S.; Tomabechi, K. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)
1962-03-15
autores explican como han adaptado la clave AX-I para calculos neutronico-hidro-dinamicos al caso de un gas que se ajusta a la ecuacion de Van der Waals. Otra modificacion importante introducida en la ecuacion de estado utilizada en la clave, consiste en emplear una ecuacion del tipo de Mie-Gruneisen, derivada de la teoria del estado solido. Esta modificacion permite evaluar de manera mas satisfactoria del termino de presion para el caso de cuerpos de composicion variable. Dado que en un conjunto de potencia cero las placas de uranio fuertemente enriquecido en el isotopo-235, se calentaran con mas rapidez que las de uranio empobrecido, la posibilidad de que se produzca un efecto Doppler positivo neto es mucho mayor en un conjunto experimental que en el reactor de potencia reproductor equivalente. Se ha estudiado este peligro en el caso de diferentes conjuntos posibles. Los calculos indican que en un conjunto de potencia cero el coeficiente Doppler solo alcanza un valor peligroso en los sistemas que poseen un espectro de energias neutronicas muy blando, caracteristico de los grandes reactores de potencia reproductores, alimentados con oxido de uranio. (author) [Russian] Provedeno issledovanie vozmozhnosti, mekhanizma i posledstvij rasplavleniya, a takzhe drugikh krupnykh yadernykh intsidentov dlya ehksperimental'nog o reaktora nulevoj moshchnosti na bystrykh nejtronakh tipa ZPR-III dvukhpolovinchatog o tipa. V dopolnenie k ehtomu issledovaniyu provedena otsenka znacheniya ehffekta Dopplera dlya mnogikh yadernykh reaktornykh ustanovok takogo reaktora. V doklade budet pokazano, chto yavlenie rasplavleniya maloveroyatno vvidu ogranichennogo kolichestva yavlenij, kotorye nuzhno postulirovat'. Posle rassmotreniya mekhanizma razrusheniya budut dany rezul'taty raschetov, svyazannykh s nejtronnoj fizikoj i gidro-dinamikoj , dlya dvukh reaktornykh ustanovok nulevoj moshchnosti. Provedeno issledovanie aktivnoj zony emkost'yu 1200 litrov, kharakternoj dlya otnositel'no bol
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Ascherl, R. J. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)
1963-10-15
, ''Rejnish vestfalishes ehlektritsitetsverk und bajernverk'', Kal'-na-Majne, Zapadnaya Germaniya. Rabochaya kharakteristika kipyashchego reaktora atomnoj ehlektrostantsii pri obychnom rezhime raboty v kommunal'noj ehnergosisteme ochen' khoroshaya. Koehffitsient ispol'zovaniya i moshchnosti reaktora i ehlektrostantsii daet tverdoe osnovanie polagat', chto ehlektrostantsii s kipyashchimi reaktorami yavlyayutsya nadezhnymi s tochki zreniya ikh rabochej kharakteristiki. V techenie 1963 goda budut vvedeny v stroj chetyre dopolnitel'nye ehlektrostantsii s kipyashchimi reaktorami: atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya v Big Rok Pojnt, ''Kons'yumers pauehr kompani'', Sharl'vua, Michigan, atomnaya ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka v KHamboldt Bej, ''Pasifik gaz ehnd ehlektrik kompani'', Yurika, Kaliforniya, atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya v Garig'yano, Natsional'noe obshchestvo po atomnoj ehnergii, Skauri, Italiya,i Yaponskij demonstratsionnyj ehnergeticheskij reaktor. Yaponskij nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut po atomnoj ehnergii, Tokai-Mura, Yaponiya. Pusk i pervonachal'naya ehkspluatatsiya ehtikh ehlektrostantsij podtverzhdayut predpolozhenie o nadezhnosti ikh raboty, chto uzhe prodemonstrirovano atomnymi ehlektrostantsiyami v Drezdene, Kale i Vallesitose. Rabochaya kharakteristika atomnykh ehlektrostantsij v Drezdene, Kale i Vallesitose yavlyaetsya naglyadnym dokazatel'stvom stabil'nosti i bezopasnosti kipyashikh reaktorov. Krome togo, urovni radiatsii na samoj ehlektrostantsii i v okruzhayushchej srede znachitel'no nizhe predelov, ustanovlennykh litsenziyami na ehkspluatatsiyu. Podtverdilis' prostota i legkost' ehkspluatatsii kipyashchikh reaktorov. Kharakteristika kontrolya za nagruzkoj u kipyashchego reaktora s dvojnym tsiklom Drezdenskoj ehlektrostantsii okazalas' ochen' khoroshej. Krupnye i nebol'shie raboty po ukhodu i remontu mogut osushchestvlyat'sya obychnymi remontnymi gruppami bez vrednykh posledstvij ili bez limita vremeni, svyazannymi s soobrazheniyami radioaktivnogo oblucheniya. V
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dzantiev, B. G.; Shvedchikov, A. P. [Institut Himicheskoj Fiziki AN SSSR, SSSR (Russian Federation)
1965-04-15
temperatura sobre el rendimiento de C{sub 2}H{sub 6} y C{sub 4}H{sub 10} por radiolisis del C{sub 2}H{sub 4} y fotolisis de mezclas de C{sub 2}H{sub 4} -HI, los autores establecen una hipotesis sobre la formacion de radicales etilicos excitados (C{sub 2}H*{sub 5}). Estos ultimos se obtienen como resultado de la combinacion de atomos de hidrogeno calientes generados por radiolisis o por fotolisis, con el etileno: J* + C{sub 2}H{sub 4} = C{sub 2}H*{sub 5}. Demuestran que el radical C2Hf interviene facilmente en la reaccion C{sub 2}H*{sub 5} + RH = C{sub 2}H{sub 6} + R, que explica el 'exceso' de etano formado durante la radiolisis del etileno. (author) [Russian] Izvestno, chto v rezul'tate jadernyh reakcij Li{sup 6}(n, {alpha})T i He{sup 3}(n, p) T obrazujutsja gorjachie atomy radioaktivnogo vodoroda. Vysokaja himicheskaja aktivnost' takih atomov vo mnogom opredeljaet osobennosti himicheskih posledstvij jadernyh prevrashhenij. Odnako gorjachie atomy vodoroda mogut igrat' sushhestvennuju rol' ne tol'ko v jadernoj himii, no i v drugih oblastjah himii vysokih jenergij: pri radiolize, fotolize i t.d. V nastojashhej rabote sdelana popytka sopostavit' povedenie gorjachih atomov vodoroda, poluchaemyh razlichnym putem: pri reakcii i{sup 6}(n, {alpha})T (E{sub otd} = 2,7 Mjev), radioliticheski (E Tilde-Operator neskol'koojev), fotoliticheski (E Tilde-Operator 1 - 1,5 jev; gorjachij vodorod poluchaetsja iz HJ pri fotolize s {lambda}2537A). V kachestve mishenej dlja poluchenija atomov tritija ispol'zovalis' kristally i plenki Li{sub 2}Co{sub 3}, Li{sup 6}F, Li{sup 6}OH, Li{sup 6}BO{sub 2} * 8H{sub 2}. Oblucheniju podvergali gazoobraznyj jetilen (R = 5-10 atm.) i ego smesi s ammiakom, geliem i ingibitorami. Obluchenie provodilos' na rjoaktore tipa IRT-1000 pri potoke teplovyh nejtronov 10{sup 11} - 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2}sek. Mechennye po tritiju soedinenija i produkty radiacionno-himicheskih reakcij opredeljali gazohromatograficheski s pomoshh'ju dvuh posledovatel'no soedinennyh