Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces boulardii induce distinct levels of dendritic cell cytokine secretion and significantly different T cell responses In Vitro

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, Ida Mosbech; Baker, Adam; Christensen, Jeffrey E

2016-01-01

induction of a Treg response characterized by robust IL-10 secretion. In addition, we blocked relevant DC surface receptors and investigated the stimulating properties of β-glucan containing yeast cell wall extracts. K. marxianus and S. boulardii induced distinct levels of DC cytokine secretion, primarily...... driven by Dectin-1 recognition of β-glucan components in their cell walls. Upon co-incubation of yeast exposed DCs and naive T cells, S. boulardii induced a potent IFNγ response indicating TH1 mobilization. In contrast, K. marxianus induced a response dominated by Foxp3+ Treg cells, a characteristic...... of the present study was to characterize the immune modulating properties of the food-related yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in terms of adaptive immune responses indicating inflammation versus tolerance and to explore the mechanisms behind the observed responses. Benchmarking against a Saccharomyces boulardii...

Comparing cell viability and ethanol fermentation of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on steam-exploded biomass treated with laccase.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreno, Antonio D; Ibarra, David; Ballesteros, Ignacio; González, Alberto; Ballesteros, Mercedes

2013-05-01

In this study, the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875 was compared to the industrial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red for lignocellulosic ethanol production. For it, whole slurry from steam-exploded wheat straw was used as raw material, and two process configurations, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF), were evaluated. Compared to S. cerevisiae, which was able to produce ethanol in both process configurations, K. marxianus was inhibited, and neither growth nor ethanol production occurred during the processes. However, laccase treatment of the whole slurry removed specifically lignin phenols from the overall inhibitory compounds present in the slurry and triggered the fermentation by K. marxianus, attaining final ethanol concentrations and yields comparable to those obtained by S. cerevisiae. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protein enrichment of an Opuntia ficus-indica cladode hydrolysate by cultivation of Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus.

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Akanni, Gabriel B; du Preez, James C; Steyn, Laurinda; Kilian, Stephanus G

2015-03-30

The cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) have a low protein content; for use as a balanced feed, supplementation with other protein sources is therefore desirable. We investigated protein enrichment by cultivation of the yeasts Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus in an enzymatic hydrolysate of the cladode biomass. Dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sun-dried cladodes resulted in a hydrolysate containing (per litre) 45.5 g glucose, 6.3 g xylose, 9.1 g galactose, 10.8 g arabinose and 9.6 g fructose. Even though K. marxianus had a much higher growth rate and utilized l-arabinose and d-galactose more completely than C. utilis, its biomass yield coefficient was lower due to ethanol and ethyl acetate production despite aerobic cultivation. Yeast cultivation more than doubled the protein content of the hydrolysate, with an essential amino acid profile superior to sorghum and millet grains. This K. marxianus strain was weakly Crabtree positive. Despite its low biomass yield, its performance compared well with C. utilis. This is the first report showing that the protein content and quality of O. ficus-indica cladode biomass could substantially be improved by yeast cultivation, including a comparative evaluation of C. utilis and K. marxianus. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Fermentation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seeds with a hybrid Kluyveromyces marxianus strain improved product quality attributes.

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Leal, Gildemberg Amorim; Gomes, Luiz Humberto; Efraim, Priscilla; de Almeida Tavares, Flavio Cesar; Figueira, Antonio

2008-08-01

Fermentation of Theobroma cacao (cacao) seeds is an absolute requirement for the full development of chocolate flavor precursors. An adequate aeration of the fermenting cacao seed mass is a fundamental prerequisite for a satisfactory fermentation. Here, we evaluated whether a controlled inoculation of cacao seed fermentation using a Kluyveromyces marxianus hybrid yeast strain, with an increased pectinolytic activity, would improve an earlier liquid drainage ('sweatings') from the fermentation mass, developing a superior final product quality. Inoculation with K. marxianus increased by one third the volume of drained liquid and affected the microorganism population structure during fermentation, which was detectable up to the end of the process. Introduction of the hybrid yeast affected the profile of total seed protein degradation evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with improved seed protein degradation, and reduction of titrable acidity. Sensorial evaluation of the chocolate obtained from beans fermented with the K. marxianus inoculation was more accepted by analysts in comparison with the one from cocoa obtained through natural fermentation. The increase in mass aeration during the first 24 h seemed to be fundamental for the improvement of fermentation quality, demonstrating the potential application of this improved hybrid yeast strain with superior exogenous pectinolytic activity.

Improving xylitol production at elevated temperature with engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus through over-expressing transporters.

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Zhang, Jia; Zhang, Biao; Wang, Dongmei; Gao, Xiaolian; Hong, Jiong

2015-01-01

Three transporter genes including Kluyveromyces marxianus aquaglyceroporin gene (KmFPS1), Candida intermedia glucose/xylose facilitator gene (CiGXF1) or glucose/xylose symporter gene (CiGXS1) were over-expressed in K. marxianus YZJ017 to improve xylitol production at elevated temperatures. The xylitol production of YZJ074 that harbored CiGXF1 was improved to 147.62g/L in Erlenmeyer flask at 42°C. In fermenter, 99.29 and 149.60g/L xylitol were produced from 99.55 and 151.91g/L xylose with productivity of 4.14 and 3.40g/L/h respectively at 42°C. Even at 45°C, YZJ074 could produce 101.30g/L xylitol from 101.41g/L xylose with productivity of 2.81g/L/h. Using fed-batch fermentation through repeatedly adding non-sterilized substrate directly, YZJ074 could produce 312.05g/L xylitol which is the highest yield reported to date. The engineered strains YZJ074 which can produce xylitol at elevated temperatures is an excellent foundation for xylitol bioconversion. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Respiratory capacity of the Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast isolated from the mezcal process during oxidative stress.

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Arellano-Plaza, Melchor; Gschaedler-Mathis, Anne; Noriega-Cisneros, Ruth; Clemente-Guerrero, Mónica; Manzo-Ávalos, Salvador; González-Hernández, Juan Carlos; Saavedra-Molina, Alfredo

2013-07-01

During the mezcal fermentation process, yeasts are affected by several stresses that can affect their fermentation capability. These stresses, such as thermal shock, ethanol, osmotic and growth inhibitors are common during fermentation. Cells have improved metabolic systems and they express stress response genes in order to decrease the damage caused during the stress, but to the best of our knowledge, there are no published works exploring the effect of oxidants and prooxidants, such as H2O2 and menadione, during growth. In this article, we describe the behavior of Kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from spontaneous mezcal fermentation during oxidative stress, and compared it with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that were also obtained from mezcal, using the W303-1A strain as a reference. S. cerevisiae strains showed greater viability after oxidative stress compared with K. marxianus strains. However, when the yeast strains were grown in the presence of oxidants in the media, K. marxianus exhibited a greater ability to grow in menadione than it did in H2O2. Moreover, when K. marxianus SLP1 was grown in a minibioreactor, its behavior when exposed to menadione was different from its behavior with H2O2. The yeast maintained the ability to consume dissolved oxygen during the 4 h subsequent to the addition of menadione, and then stopped respiration. When exposed to H2O2, the yeast stopped consuming oxygen for the following 8 h, but began to consume oxygen when stressors were no longer applied. In conclusion, yeast isolated from spontaneous mezcal fermentation was able to resist oxidative stress for a long period of time.

Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains representing potentials for bioethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke by consolidated bioprocessing.

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Hu, Nan; Yuan, Bo; Sun, Juan; Wang, Shi-An; Li, Fu-Li

2012-09-01

Thermotolerant inulin-utilizing yeast strains are desirable for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). To obtain such strains, 21 naturally occurring yeast strains isolated by using an enrichment method and 65 previously isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were investigated in inulin utilization, extracellular inulinase activity, and ethanol fermentation from inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour at 40 °C. The strains Kluyveromyces marxianus PT-1 (CGMCC AS2.4515) and S. cerevisiae JZ1C (CGMCC AS2.3878) presented the highest extracellular inulinase activity and ethanol yield in this study. The highest ethanol concentration in Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour fermentation (200 g L(-1)) at 40 °C achieved by K. marxianus PT-1 and S. cerevisiae JZ1C was 73.6 and 65.2 g L(-1), which corresponded to the theoretical ethanol yield of 90.0 and 79.7 %, respectively. In the range of 30 to 40 °C, temperature did not have a significant effect on ethanol production for both strains. This study displayed the distinctive superiority of K. marxianus PT-1 and S. cerevisiae JZ1C in the thermotolerance and utilization of inulin-type oligosaccharides reserved in Jerusalem artichoke tubers. It is proposed that both K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae have considerable potential in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by a high temperature CBP.

Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains representing potentials for bioethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke by consolidated bioprocessing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Nan [Agricultural Univ., Qingdao, SD (China). College of Animal Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, SD (China). Key Lab. of Biofuels; Yuan, Bo; Wang, Shi-An; Li, Fu-Li [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, SD (China). Key Lab. of Biofuels; Sun, Juan [Agricultural Univ., Qingdao, SD (China). College of Animal Science and Technology

2012-09-15

Thermotolerant inulin-utilizing yeast strains are desirable for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). To obtain such strains, 21 naturally occurring yeast strains isolated by using an enrichment method and 65 previously isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were investigated in inulin utilization, extracellular inulinase activity, and ethanol fermentation from inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour at 40 C. The strains Kluyveromyces marxianus PT-1 (CGMCC AS2.4515) and S. cerevisiae JZ1C (CGMCC AS2.3878) presented the highest extracellular inulinase activity and ethanol yield in this study. The highest ethanol concentration in Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour fermentation (200 g L{sup -1}) at 40 C achieved by K. marxianus PT-1 and S. cerevisiae JZ1C was 73.6 and 65.2 g L{sup -1}, which corresponded to the theoretical ethanol yield of 90.0 and 79.7 %, respectively. In the range of 30 to 40 C, temperature did not have a significant effect on ethanol production for both strains. This study displayed the distinctive superiority of K. marxianus PT-1 and S. cerevisiae JZ1C in the thermotolerance and utilization of inulin-type oligosaccharides reserved in Jerusalem artichoke tubers. It is proposed that both K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae have considerable potential in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by a high temperature CBP. (orig.)

Otimização do processo fermentativo e análise do secretoma de Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3 em meios contendo lactose em diferentes condições de cultivo

OpenAIRE

Diniz, Raphael Hermano Santos

2013-01-01

Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3 é uma levedura que possui metabolismo respiro-fermentativo, ou seja, a fermentação e respiração coexistem, contudo a via fermentativa ou respiratória pode ser favorecida dependendo da concentração de oxigênio e carboidrato no meio de cultivo. Considerando esta característica das leveduras do gênero Kluyveromyces o objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar a produção de etanol a partir de permeado de soro de queijo (PSQ) e caracterizar o secretoma de Kluyveromyces marx...

Direct fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder for production of l-lactic acid and d-lactic acid by metabolically engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus.

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Bae, Jung-Hoon; Kim, Hyun-Jin; Kim, Mi-Jin; Sung, Bong Hyun; Jeon, Jae-Heung; Kim, Hyun-Soon; Jin, Yong-Su; Kweon, Dae-Hyuk; Sohn, Jung-Hoon

2018-01-20

An efficient production system for optically pure l- and d-lactic acid (LA) from Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder (JAP) was developed by metabolic engineering of Kluyveromyces marxianus. To construct LA-producing strains, the ethanol fermentation pathway of K. marxianus was redirected to LA production by disruption of KmPDC1 and expression of l- and d-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) genes derived from Lactobacillus plantarum under the control of the K. marxianus translation elongation factor 1α promoter. To further increase the LA titer, the l-LA and d-LA consumption pathway of host strains was blocked by deletion of the oxidative LDH genes KmCYB2 and KmDLD1. The recombinant strains produced 130g/L l-LA and 122g/L d-LA by direct fermentation from 230g/L JAP containing 140g/L inulin, without pretreatment or nutrient supplementation. The conversion efficiency and optical purity were ≫>95% and ≫>99%, respectively. This system using JAP and the inulin-assimilating yeast K. marxianus could lead to a cost-effective process for the production of LA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus Cocultures Allow Reduction of Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols Levels in Whole Wheat Bread.

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Struyf, Nore; Laurent, Jitka; Verspreet, Joran; Verstrepen, Kevin J; Courtin, Christophe M

2017-10-04

Fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are small molecules that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and rapidly fermented in the large intestine. There is evidence that a diet low in FODMAPs reduces abdominal symptoms in approximately 70% of the patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. Wheat contains relatively high fructan levels and is therefore a major source of FODMAPs in our diet. In this study, a yeast-based strategy was developed to reduce FODMAP levels in (whole wheat) bread. Fermentation of dough with an inulinase-secreting Kluyveromyces marxianus strain allowed to reduce fructan levels in the final product by more than 90%, while only 56%  reduction was achieved when a control Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was used. To ensure sufficient CO 2 production, cocultures of S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus were prepared. Bread prepared with a coculture of K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae had fructan levels ≤0.2% dm, and a loaf volume comparable with that of control bread. Therefore, this approach is suitable to effectively reduce FODMAP levels in bread.

Production of Bioethanol from Carrot Pomace Using the Thermotolerant Yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chi-Yang Yu; Bo-Hong Jiang; Kow-Jen Duan [Tatung University, Tapei, Taiwan (China). Department of Bioengineering

2013-03-15

Carrot pomace, a major agricultural waste from the juice industry, was used as a feedstock for bioethanol production by fermentation with the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Treatment of the carrot pomace with Accellerase(TM) 1000 and pectinase at 50 °C for 84 h, resulted in conversion of 42% of its mass to fermentable sugars, mainly glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 42 °C was performed on 10% (w/v) carrot pomace; the concentration of ethanol reached 18 g/L and the yield of ethanol from carrot pomace was 0.18 g/g. The highest ethanol concentration of 37 g/L was observed with an additional charge of 10% supplemented to the original 10% of carrot pomace after 12 h; the corresponding yield was 0.185 g/g. Our results clearly demonstrated the potential of combining a SSF process with thermotolerant yeast for the production of bioethanol using carrot pomace as a feedstock.

Ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus from Jerusalem artichoke grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, W J; Zhao, X Q; Ge, X M; Bai, F W

2008-12-01

To study fuel ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC8554 from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater. The growth and ethanol fermentation of K. marxianus ATCC8554 were studied using inulin as substrate. The activity of inulinase, which attributes to the hydrolysis of inulin, the main carbohydrate in Jerusalem artichoke, was monitored. The optimum temperatures were 38 degrees C for growth and inulinase production, and 35 degrees C for ethanol fermentation. Aeration was not necessary for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus from inulin. Then, the fresh Jerusalem artichoke tubers grown in salina and irrigated with 25% and 50% seawater were further examined for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus, and a higher ethanol yield was achieved for the Jerusalem artichoke tuber irrigated with 25% seawater. Furthermore, the dry meal of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers irrigated with 25% seawater was examined for ethanol fermentation at three solid concentrations of 200, 225 and 250 g l(-1), and the highest ethanol yield of 0.467, or 91.5% of the theoretical value of 0.511, was achieved for the slurry with a solid concentration of 200 g l(-1). Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke can be used for fuel ethanol production. Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke, not competing with grain crops for arable land, is a sustainable feedstock for fuel ethanol production.

Influence of carbon and nitrogen source on production of volatile fragrance and flavour metabolites by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus.

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Gethins, Loughlin; Guneser, Onur; Demirkol, Aslı; Rea, Mary C; Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R Paul; Yuceer, Yonca; Morrissey, John P

2015-01-01

The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus produces a range of volatile molecules with applications as fragrances or flavours. The purpose of this study was to establish how nutritional conditions influence the production of these metabolites. Four strains were grown on synthetic media, using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources and volatile metabolites analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The nitrogen source had pronounced effects on metabolite production: levels of the fusel alcohols 2-phenylethanol and isoamyl alcohol were highest when yeast extract was the nitrogen source, and ammonium had a strong repressing effect on production of 2-phenylethyl acetate. In contrast, the nitrogen source did not affect production of isoamyl acetate or ethyl acetate, indicating that more than one alcohol acetyl transferase activity is present in K. marxianus. Production of all acetate esters was low when cells were growing on lactose (as opposed to glucose or fructose), with a lower intracellular pool of acetyl CoA being one explanation for this observation. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis of the known yeast alcohol acetyl transferases ATF1 and ATF2 suggests that the ancestral protein Atf2p may not be involved in synthesis of volatile acetate esters in K. marxianus, and raises interesting questions as to what other genes encode this activity in non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Identification of all the genes involved in ester synthesis will be important for development of the K. marxianus platform for flavour and fragrance production. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Production of bioethanol from organic whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, A.D.; Kádár, Zsófia; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr

2011-01-01

Ethanol production by K. marxianus in whey from organic cheese production was examined in batch and continuous mode. The results showed that no pasteurization or freezing of the whey was necessary and that K. marxianus was able to compete with the lactic acid bacteria added during cheese production...... ethanol yield (~0.50 g ethanol/g lactose) at both 30°C and 40°C using low pH (4.5) or no pH control. Continuous fermentation of nonsterilized whey was performed using Ca-alginate-immobilized K. marxianus. High ethanol productivity (2.5-4.5 g/l/h) was achieved at dilution rate of 0.2/h......, and it was concluded that K. marxianus is very suitable for industrial ethanol production from whey. © 2010 Society for Industrial Microbiology....

Optimization of the production of extracellular α-amylase by Kluyveromyces marxianus IF0 0288 by response surface methodology

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Panagiota-Yiolanda Stergiou

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the production of extracellular α-amylase by Kluyveromyces marxianus IF0 0288 using optimized nutritional and cultural conditions in a complex yeast medium under aerobic batch fermentation. By applying the conventional "one-variable-at-a-time" approach and the response surface methodology, the effect of four fermentation parameters (type of carbon source, initial culture pH, temperature, and incubation time on the growth and α-amylase production was evaluated. The production of α-amylase during 60 h of fermentation increased 13-fold under optimized conditions (1% starch, pH 6.0, 30ºC in comparison to the conventional optimization method. The initial pH value of 6.13 and temperature of 30.3ºC were optimal conditions by the response surface methodology, leading to further improvement (up to 13-fold in the production of extracellular α-amylase. These results constituted first evidence that K. marxianus could be potentially used as an effective source of extracellular α-amylase.

Identification of auxotrophic mutants of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus by non-homologous end joining-mediated integrative transformation with genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Science.gov (United States)

Yarimizu, Tohru; Nonklang, Sanom; Nakamura, Junpei; Tokuda, Shuya; Nakagawa, Takaaki; Lorreungsil, Sasithorn; Sutthikhumpha, Surasit; Pukahuta, Charida; Kitagawa, Takao; Nakamura, Mikiko; Cha-Aim, Kamonchai; Limtong, Savitree; Hoshida, Hisashi; Akada, Rinji

2013-12-01

The isolation and application of auxotrophic mutants for gene manipulations, such as genetic transformation, mating selection and tetrad analysis, form the basis of yeast genetics. For the development of these genetic methods in the thermotolerant fermentative yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, we isolated a series of auxotrophic mutants with defects in amino acid or nucleic acid metabolism. To identify the mutated genes, linear DNA fragments of nutrient biosynthetic pathway genes were amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomal DNA and used to directly transform the K. marxianus auxotrophic mutants by random integration into chromosomes through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The appearance of transformant colonies indicated that the specific S. cerevisiae gene complemented the K. marxianus mutant. Using this interspecific complementation approach with linear PCR-amplified DNA, we identified auxotrophic mutations of ADE2, ADE5,7, ADE6, HIS2, HIS3, HIS4, HIS5, HIS6, HIS7, LYS1, LYS2, LYS4, LYS9, LEU1, LEU2, MET2, MET6, MET17, TRP3, TRP4 and TRP5 without the labour-intensive requirement of plasmid construction. Mating, sporulation and tetrad analysis techniques for K. marxianus were also established. With the identified auxotrophic mutant strains and S. cerevisiae genes as selective markers, NHEJ-mediated integrative transformation with PCR-amplified DNA is an attractive system for facilitating genetic analyses in the yeast K. marxianus. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

VNTR fingerprinting of Kluyveromyces marxianus strains WT, 7-1, and 8-1 by using different primer types to give best results in PCR and on electrophorese gel in order to find differentiation of the DNA of the yeast strains.

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Using mutagenized Kluyveromyces marxianus strains (WT, 7-1, 8-1) we wish to find out the variable numbered tandem repeats (VNTR) of each of the DNA strains from the different mutagenized K. marxianus strains. To do this we used Phusion HF Buffer Pack to try and give a clear picture of the VNTR by u...

Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces boulardii Induce Distinct Levels of Dendritic Cell Cytokine Secretion and Significantly Different T Cell Responses In Vitro.

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Ida M Smith

Full Text Available Interactions between members of the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system can significantly impact human health, and in this context, fungi and food-related yeasts are known to influence intestinal inflammation through direct interactions with specialized immune cells in vivo. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immune modulating properties of the food-related yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in terms of adaptive immune responses indicating inflammation versus tolerance and to explore the mechanisms behind the observed responses. Benchmarking against a Saccharomyces boulardii strain with probiotic effects documented in clinical trials, we evaluated the ability of K. marxianus to modulate human dendritic cell (DC function in vitro. Further, we assessed yeast induced DC modulation of naive T cells toward effector responses dominated by secretion of IFNγ and IL-17 versus induction of a Treg response characterized by robust IL-10 secretion. In addition, we blocked relevant DC surface receptors and investigated the stimulating properties of β-glucan containing yeast cell wall extracts. K. marxianus and S. boulardii induced distinct levels of DC cytokine secretion, primarily driven by Dectin-1 recognition of β-glucan components in their cell walls. Upon co-incubation of yeast exposed DCs and naive T cells, S. boulardii induced a potent IFNγ response indicating TH1 mobilization. In contrast, K. marxianus induced a response dominated by Foxp3+ Treg cells, a characteristic that may benefit human health in conditions characterized by excessive inflammation and positions K. marxianus as a strong candidate for further development as a novel yeast probiotic.

Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces boulardii Induce Distinct Levels of Dendritic Cell Cytokine Secretion and Significantly Different T Cell Responses In Vitro.

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Smith, Ida M; Baker, Adam; Christensen, Jeffrey E; Boekhout, Teun; Frøkiær, Hanne; Arneborg, Nils; Jespersen, Lene

2016-01-01

Interactions between members of the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system can significantly impact human health, and in this context, fungi and food-related yeasts are known to influence intestinal inflammation through direct interactions with specialized immune cells in vivo. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immune modulating properties of the food-related yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in terms of adaptive immune responses indicating inflammation versus tolerance and to explore the mechanisms behind the observed responses. Benchmarking against a Saccharomyces boulardii strain with probiotic effects documented in clinical trials, we evaluated the ability of K. marxianus to modulate human dendritic cell (DC) function in vitro. Further, we assessed yeast induced DC modulation of naive T cells toward effector responses dominated by secretion of IFNγ and IL-17 versus induction of a Treg response characterized by robust IL-10 secretion. In addition, we blocked relevant DC surface receptors and investigated the stimulating properties of β-glucan containing yeast cell wall extracts. K. marxianus and S. boulardii induced distinct levels of DC cytokine secretion, primarily driven by Dectin-1 recognition of β-glucan components in their cell walls. Upon co-incubation of yeast exposed DCs and naive T cells, S. boulardii induced a potent IFNγ response indicating TH1 mobilization. In contrast, K. marxianus induced a response dominated by Foxp3+ Treg cells, a characteristic that may benefit human health in conditions characterized by excessive inflammation and positions K. marxianus as a strong candidate for further development as a novel yeast probiotic.

OBTENCIÓN DE UNA BEBIDA FERMENTADA A PARTIR DE SUERO DE QUESO UTILIZANDO CÉLULAS INMOVILIZADAS DE KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS

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Rocío Cóndor G.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal optimizar la tecnología de producción de una bebida fermentada de suero de queso, utilizando Kluyveromyces marxianus e inmovilización de células. En el biorreactor de lecho empacado, se obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (11,46±0,81 oGL con un flujo de 140-150 mL. h-1, una biomasa inmovilizada de 10% (v/v, una relación de columna de 1:12 (diámetro: longitud, tamaño de perlas de 3 mm de diámetro, adición de metabisulfito de sodio (100 pg. mL-1 y células inmovilizadas con 2% (p/v de alginato. Luego de optimizado todos los parámetros de fermentación en el biorreactor, la bebida alcohólica fue sometida a inactivación a 70 oC por 5 minutos (tratamiento térmico y clarificación con tierra de diatomeas (11 kg. M-2. Finalmente, la bebida alcohólica fue evaluada en almacenamiento por 6 meses, durante este período se le hicieron evaluaciones fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales. Se determinó por Escala Hedónica y Ranking que la bebida alcohólica de suero tiene aceptabilidad.

Enhanced production of extracellular inulinase by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in xylose catabolic state.

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Hoshida, Hisashi; Kidera, Kenta; Takishita, Ryuta; Fujioka, Nobuhisa; Fukagawa, Taiki; Akada, Rinji

2018-06-01

The production of extracellular proteins by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, which utilizes various sugars, was investigated using media containing sugars such as glucose, galactose, and xylose. SDS-PAGE analysis of culture supernatants revealed abundant production of an extracellular protein when cells were grown in xylose medium. The N-terminal sequence of the extracellular protein was identical to a part of the inulinase encoded by INU1 in the genome. Inulinase is an enzyme hydrolyzing β-2,1-fructosyl bond in inulin and sucrose and is not required for xylose assimilation. Disruption of INU1 in the strain DMKU 3-1042 lost the production of the extracellular protein and resulted in growth defect in sucrose and inulin media, indicating that the extracellular protein was inulinase (sucrase). In addition, six K. marxianus strains among the 16 strains that were analyzed produced more inulinase in xylose medium than in glucose medium. However, expression analysis indicated that the INU1 promoter activity was lower in the xylose medium than in the glucose medium, suggesting that enhanced production of inulinase is controlled in a post-transcriptional manner. The production of inulinase was also higher in cultures with more agitation, suggesting that oxygen supply affects the production of inulinase. Taken together, these results suggest that both xylose and oxygen supply shift cellular metabolism to enhance the production of extracellular inulinase. Copyright © 2018 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Production of ethanol at high temperatures in the fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke juice and a simple medium by Kluyveromyces marxianus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosa, M.F.; Correia, I.S.; Novais, J.M.

1987-01-01

Temperatures as high as 36 degrees C and 40 degrees C did not negatively affect the ethanol productivity of Jerusalem artichoke (J.a.) juice batch fermentation and the final concentrations of ethanol were close to those produced at lower temperatures. At higher process temperatures (36-40 degrees C), ethanol toxicity in Kluyveromyces marxianus was less important during the fermentation of J.a. juice as compared with a simple medium. In simple medium, the heat-sticking of fermentation was observed and the percentage of unfermented sugars steeply increased from 28 degrees C up to 40 degrees C. (Refs. 13).

Influence of carbon source, pH, and temperature on the polygalacturonase activity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCMB 322

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Rodrigo de Queiroz Oliveira

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Microbial pectinolytic enzymes are known to play a commercially important role in a number of industrial processes. Two kinds of yeast can be discerned regarding the production of enzymes. One group includes those which can produce enzymes in the absence of an inducer, and the other group comprises the yeasts that produce enzymes in the presence of an inducer. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pectic substances, glucose, pH, and temperature on the polygalacturonase activity by Kluyveromyces marxianus CCMB 322. The yeast was grown in a fermentation broth containing different concentrations of glucose and pectic substances. The polygalacturonase activity was determined by the DNS method, and the pH and temperature were optimized using a central composite experimental design. The polygalacturonase secreted by K. marxianus CCMB 322 was partially constitutive showing optimum pH and temperature of 7.36 and 70 °C, respectively, and maintained approximately 93% of its original activity for 50 minutes at 50 °C. Thermal stability of the polygalacturonase enzyme was studied at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80 °C and different incubation times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. This study showed that glucose can influence the regulation of the synthesis of polygalacturonase.

Continuous ethanol production from Jerusalem artichokes stalks using immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus

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Bajpai, P.; Margaritis, A.

1986-01-01

Continuous production of ethanol from the extract of Jerusalem artichoke stalks was investigated in a packed bed bioreactor using Kluyveromyces marxianus cells immobilized in calcium alginate gel beds. Maximum conversion of the sugars to ethanol was achieved with a yield of about 98% of the theoretical. Volumetric ethanol productivities of 102 grams of ethanol per litre per hour and 92 grams ethanol per liter per hour were obtained at 87% and 90% conversion respectively for an inlet substrate concentration of 100 gram sugars per liter. The maximum specific ethanol production rate and maximum specific total sugar uptake rate of the immobilized cells were found to be 0.96 gram ethanol per gram immobilized cells per hour and 2.06 gram sugars per gram immobilized cells per hour respectively. The immobilized cell bioreactor was run continuously at a dilution rate of 2.12 per hour for 30 days which resulted in a loss of 30% of the original activity. The half life of the bioreactor was estimated to be about 56 days.

Production of antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides from Kluyveromyces marxianus protein hydrolysates: Purification and molecular docking

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Mahta Mirzaei

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Kluyveromyces marxianus protein hydrolysates were prepared by two different sonicated-enzymatic (trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolysis treatments to obtain antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolysates obtained by 5 h, exhibited the highest antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities. After fractionation using ultrafiltration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC techniques, two new peptides were identified. One fragment (LL-9, MW = 1180 Da with the amino acid sequence of Leu-Pro-Glu-Ser-Val-His-Leu-Asp-Lys showed significant ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 22.88 μM while another peptide fragment (VL-9, MW = 1118 Da with the amino acid sequence of Val-Leu-Ser-Thr-Ser-Phe-Pro-Pro-Lys showed the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory properties (IC50 = 15.20 μM, 5568 μM TE/mg protein. The molecular docking studies revealed that the ACE inhibitory activities of VL-9 is due to interaction with the S2 (His513, His353, Glu281 and S′1 (Glu162 pockets of ACE and LL-9 can fit perfectly into the S1 (Thr345 and S2 (Tyr520, Lys511, Gln281 pockets of ACE. Keywords: K. marxianus, Bioactive peptides, Antioxidant, ACE inhibitory, Protein hydrolysate

Mathematical modeling of Kluyveromyces marxianus growth in solid-state fermentation using a packed-bed bioreactor.

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Mazutti, Marcio A; Zabot, Giovani; Boni, Gabriela; Skovronski, Aline; de Oliveira, Débora; Di Luccio, Marco; Rodrigues, Maria Isabel; Maugeri, Francisco; Treichel, Helen

2010-04-01

This work investigated the growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571 in solid-state fermentation in a medium composed of sugarcane bagasse, molasses, corn steep liquor and soybean meal within a packed-bed bioreactor. Seven experimental runs were carried out to evaluate the effects of flow rate and inlet air temperature on the following microbial rates: cell mass production, total reducing sugar and oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and ethanol production, metabolic heat and water generation. A mathematical model based on an artificial neural network was developed to predict the above-mentioned microbial rates as a function of the fermentation time, initial total reducing sugar concentration, inlet and outlet air temperatures. The results showed that the microbial rates were temperature dependent for the range 27-50 degrees C. The proposed model efficiently predicted the microbial rates, indicating that the neural network approach could be used to simulate the microbial growth in SSF.

The influence of molasses addition on the kinetics of alcoholic fermentation of whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast

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Damir Stanzer

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Kinetics of alcoholic fermentation by yeast Kluyveromyces marxianusZIM 75 in various media based on whey and molasses were monitored. The fermentations were performed under static and semiaerobic conditions at 34°C. Deproteinized whey and molasses were mixed in various proportions to give final sugar mass concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% in medium. The experiments conducted showed that medium with 10 % of sugar (sucrose:lactose=1:1 is optimal for alcoholic fermentations in static and semiaerobic conditions. The best ethanol yield after 24 hours of fermentation was 4.05 % (V/V in static conditions and 4.9 % (V/V in semiaerobic conditions. The biomass yield was 7.78 g d.m./L in semiaerobic conditions and 3.19 g d.m./L in static conditions.

Acquisition of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus from unpasteurised milk by a kefir grain enhances kefir quality.

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Gethins, Loughlin; Rea, Mary C; Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R Paul; Kilcawley, Kieran; O'Sullivan, Maurice; Crotty, Suzanne; Morrissey, John P

2016-08-01

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage consumed for nutritional and health tonic benefits in many parts of the world. It is produced by the fermentation of milk with a consortium of bacteria and yeast embedded within a polysaccharide matrix. This consortium is not well defined and can vary substantially between kefir grains. There are little data on the microbial stability of kefir grains, nor on interactions between microbes in the grain and in the milk. To study this, a grain was split, with one half of each stored at -20°C and the other half passaged repeatedly in whole unpasteurised milk. Grains passaged in the unpasteurised milk recovered vigour and acquired the yeast Kluyveromyces marxainus from the milk which was confirmed to be the same strain by molecular typing. Furthermore, these passaged grains produced kefir that was distinguished chemically and organoleptically from the stored grains. Some changes in ultrastructure were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. The study showed that kefir grains can acquire yeast from their environment and the final product can be influenced by these newly acquired yeasts. Kluyveromyces marxianus is considered to be responsible for some of the most important characteristics of kefir so the finding that this yeast is part of the less stable microbiota is significant. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Ethanol fermentation by the thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus TISTR5925, of extracted sap from old oil palm trunk

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Yoshinori Murata

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Palm sap extracted from old oil palm trunks was previously found to contain sugar and nutrients (amino acids and vitamins. Some palm saps contain a low content of sugar due to differences in species or in plant physiology. Here we condensed palm sap with a low content of sugar using flat membrane filtration, then fermented the condensed palm sap at high temperature using the thermotolerant, high ethanol-producing yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus. Ethanol production under non-optimum conditions was evaluated. Furthermore, the energy required to concentrate the palm sap, and the amount of energy that could be generated from the ethanol, was calculated. The condensation of sugar in sap from palm trunk required for economically viable ethanol production was evaluated.

Direct ethanol production from cellulosic materials at high temperature using the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus displaying cellulolytic enzymes

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Yanase, Shuhei; Yamada, Ryosuke; Ogino, Chiaki; Kondo, Akihiko [Kobe Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Chemical Science and Engineering; Hasunuma, Tomohisa; Tanaka, Tsutomu; Fukuda, Hideki [Kobe Univ. (Japan). Organization of Advanced Science and Technology

2010-09-15

To exploit cellulosic materials for fuel ethanol production, a microorganism capable of high temperature and simultaneous saccharification-fermentation has been required. However, a major drawback is the optimum temperature for the saccharification and fermentation. Most ethanol-fermenting microbes have an optimum temperature for ethanol fermentation ranging between 28 C and 37 C, while the activity of cellulolytic enzymes is highest at around 50 C and significantly decreases with a decrease in temperature. Therefore, in the present study, a thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus, which has high growth and fermentation at elevated temperatures, was used as a producer of ethanol from cellulose. The strain was genetically engineered to display Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase and Aspergillus aculeatus {beta}-glucosidase on the cell surface, which successfully converts a cellulosic {beta}-glucan to ethanol directly at 48 C with a yield of 4.24 g/l from 10 g/l within 12 h. The yield (in grams of ethanol produced per gram of {beta}-glucan consumed) was 0.47 g/g, which corresponds to 92.2% of the theoretical yield. This indicates that high-temperature cellulose fermentation to ethanol can be efficiently accomplished using a recombinant K. marxianus strain displaying thermostable cellulolytic enzymes on the cell surface. (orig.)

The use of a thermotolerant fermentative Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 yeast strain for ethanol production

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Banat, I.M. [Univ. of the United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain (United Arab Emirates). Dept. of Biolology; Singh, D. [Haryana Agriculture Univ., Hisar (India). Dept. of Microbiology; Marchant, R. [Ulster Univ. (United Kingdom). School of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences

1996-12-31

An investigation was carried out on the growth and ethanol production of a novel thermotolerant ethanol-producing Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 yeast strain. It grew aerobically on glucose, lactose, cellobiose, xylose and whey permeate and fermented all the above carbon sources to ethanol at 45 C. This strain was capable of growing under anaerobic chemostat fermentation conditions at 45 C and a dilution rate of 0.15 h{sup -1} and produced {<=}0.9 g/l biomass and 1.8% (v/v) ethanol. An increase in biomass (up to 10.0 g/l) and ethanol (up to 4.3% v/v at 45 C and 7.7% v/v at 40 C) were achieved by applying a continuous two-stage fermentation in sequence (one aerobic and one anerobic stage) or a two-stage anaerobic fermentation with cell recycling. Potential applications, involving alcohol production systems, for use in dairy and wood related industries, were discussed. (orig.)

Synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides from Sucrose Using Inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus

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Francisco Maugeri

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Fructooligosaccharides (FOS from sucrose, new alternative sweeteners with functional properties, also called soluble fibers, have a number of desirable characteristics such as low calories, no cariogenicity, and safety for diabetics and Bifidus stimulating factor. Fructooligosaccharides are also known as prebiotics, since they stimulate probiotic organisms. The production, as well as the application of food-grade fructooligosaccharides, has increased rapidly during last years. In this work, experimental factorial design has been applied to optimize the fructooligosaccharide synthesis conditions by inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus. The studied variables were: temperature, pH, sucrose and enzyme concentrations. According to the results, only temperature and sucrose concentrations have shown to be significant parameters. The syntheses of the fructooligosaccharides were carried out on stirred reactor and packed bed reactors, using free and immobilized enzymes, with the best conditions obtained from the experimental design. It has been shown that there is no significant difference between these processes. The final sugar concentrations can be tailor made by varying residence time in the reactor to cope with the different standard needs in food industries. A typical solution product consists of a mixture of fructose (155 g/L, glucose (155 g/L, sucrose (132 g/L and fructooligosaccharides (50 g/L. These concentrations are suitable for applications in most food industries, in products such as sweets, candies, chocolates and yogurts. Besides, the prebiotic function of fructooligosaccharides as stimulants of the beneficial intestinal flora will give the product a functional and differentiated feature.

Cashew apple bagasse as a source of sugars for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus CE025.

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Rocha, Maria Valderez Ponte; Rodrigues, Tigressa Helena Soares; Melo, Vania M M; Gonçalves, Luciana R B; de Macedo, Gorete Ribeiro

2011-08-01

The potential of cashew apple bagasse as a source of sugars for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus CE025 was evaluated in this work. This strain was preliminarily cultivated in a synthetic medium containing glucose and xylose and was able to produce ethanol and xylitol at pH 4.5. Next, cashew apple bagasse hydrolysate (CABH) was prepared by a diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment and used as fermentation media. This hydrolysate is rich in glucose, xylose, and arabinose and contains traces of formic acid and acetic acid. In batch fermentations of CABH at pH 4.5, the strain produced only ethanol. The effects of temperature on the kinetic parameters of ethanol fermentation by K. marxianus CE025 using CABH were also evaluated. Maximum specific growth rate (μ(max)), overall yields of ethanol based on glucose consumption [Formula: see text] and based on glucose + xylose consumption (Y ( P/S )), overall yield of ethanol based on biomass (Y ( P/X )), and ethanol productivity (P (E)) were determined as a function of temperature. Best results of ethanol production were achieved at 30°C, which is also quite close to the optimum temperature for the formation of biomass. The process yielded 12.36 ± 0.06 g l(-1) of ethanol with a volumetric production rate of 0.257 ± 0.002 g l(-1) h(-1) and an ethanol yield of 0.417 ± 0.003 g g(-1) glucose.

Ethanol production using whole plant biomass of Jerusalem artichoke by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS1555.

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Kim, Seonghun; Park, Jang Min; Kim, Chul Ho

2013-03-01

Jerusalem artichoke is a low-requirement sugar crop containing cellulose and hemicellulose in the stalk and a high content of inulin in the tuber. However, the lignocellulosic component in Jerusalem artichoke stalk reduces the fermentability of the whole plant for efficient bioethanol production. In this study, Jerusalem artichoke stalk was pretreated sequentially with dilute acid and alkali, and then hydrolyzed enzymatically. During enzymatic hydrolysis, approximately 88 % of the glucan and xylan were converted to glucose and xylose, respectively. Batch and fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of both pretreated stalk and tuber by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS1555 were effectively performed, yielding 29.1 and 70.2 g/L ethanol, respectively. In fed-batch fermentation, ethanol productivity was 0.255 g ethanol per gram of dry Jerusalem artichoke biomass, or 0.361 g ethanol per gram of glucose, with a 0.924 g/L/h ethanol productivity. These results show that combining the tuber and the stalk hydrolysate is a useful strategy for whole biomass utilization in effective bioethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke.

Purification and substrate specificities of a fructanase from Kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from the fermentation process of Mezcal.

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Arrizon, Javier; Morel, Sandrine; Gschaedler, Anne; Monsan, Pierre

2011-02-01

A fructanase, produced by a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain isolated during the fermentation step of the elaboration process of "Mezcal de Guerrero" was purified and biochemically characterized. The active protein was a glycosylated dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 250 kDa. The specific enzymatic activity of the protein was determined for different substrates: sucrose, inulin, Agave tequilana fructan, levan and Actilight® and compared with the activity of Fructozyme®. The hydrolysis profile of the different substrates analyzed by HPAEC-PAD showed that the enzyme has different affinities over the substrates tested with a sucrose/inulin enzymatic activity ratio (S/I) of 125. For the hydrolysis of Agave tequilana fructans, the enzyme also showed a higher enzymatic activity and specificity than Fructozyme®, which is important for its potential application in the tequila industry. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polygalacturonase and ethanol production in Kluyveromyces marxianus: potential use of polygalacturonase in foodstuffs.

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Serrat, Manuel; Bermúdez, Rosa C; Villa, Tomás G

2004-04-01

The coproduction of ethanol and polygalacturonase (PG) in a pilot-scale batch fermentor using yeast extract--glucose (YD)--and sugar beet molasses (SBM)-based media was implemented utilizing a new high-PG-producing strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus. A certain growth inhibition was observed in SBM medium, causing ethanol and PG production to be lower. Ethanol productivity and accumulation values of 1.94 g/(L x h) and 40 g/L, respectively, were attained in YD, whereas the best fermentation efficiency (95.1%) was achieved with SBM medium. Maximal PG synthesis occurred at the end of cell growth, with values of 1.08 and 0.46 U/(mg x h) for the YD and SBM media, respectively. When the cultures reached stationary phase, PG production stopped. The highest accumulation level (17 U/mL) occurred in YD medium, in agreement with previous laboratory-scale studies carried out for this strain. The potential applications of the crude enzyme preparations were evaluated with different fruit juices and vegetable slices. The enzyme was able to increase the filtration rate of orange, pear, and apple juices by twofold. Additionally, complete clarification of apple juice was readily accomplished, whereas cucumber, carrot, and banana tissues were macerated to a lesser extent. Copyright 2004 Humana Press Inc.

Consolidated bioprocessing strategy for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by Kluyveromyces marxianus under high gravity conditions.

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Yuan, W J; Chang, B L; Ren, J G; Liu, J P; Bai, F W; Li, Y Y

2012-01-01

Developing an innovative process for ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers under very high gravity (VHG) conditions. A consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) strategy that integrated inulinase production, saccharification of inulin contained in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and ethanol production from sugars released from inulin by the enzyme was developed with the inulinase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus Y179 and fed-batch operation. The impact of inoculum age, aeration, the supplementation of pectinase and nutrients on the ethanol fermentation performance of the CBP system was studied. Although inulinase activities increased with the extension of the seed incubation time, its contribution to ethanol production was negligible because vigorously growing yeast cells harvested earlier carried out ethanol fermentation more efficiently. Thus, the overnight incubation that has been practised in ethanol production from starch-based feedstocks is recommended. Aeration facilitated the fermentation process, but compromised ethanol yield because of the negative Crabtree effect of the species, and increases the risk of contamination under industrial conditions. Therefore, nonaeration conditions are preferred for the CBP system. Pectinase supplementation reduced viscosity of the fermentation broth and improved ethanol production performance, particularly under high gravity conditions, but the enzyme cost should be carefully balanced. Medium optimization was performed, and ethanol concentration as high as 94·2 g l(-1) was achieved when 0·15 g l(-1) K(2) HPO(4) was supplemented, which presents a significant progress in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. A CBP system using K. marxianus is suitable for efficient ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers under VHG conditions. Jerusalem artichoke tubers are an alternative to grain-based feedstocks for ethanol production. The high ethanol concentration achieved using K. marxianus with the

Kinetics of ethanol production by immobilized Kluyveromyces marxianus cells at varying sugar concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke juice

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Bajpai, P.; Margaritis, A.

1987-08-01

Kinetics of ethanol fermentation at varying sugar concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke tuber extract has been studied using Kluyveromyces marxianus cells immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads. A maximum ethanol concentration of 111 g/l was achieved at an initial sugar concentration of 260 g/l in 20 hours, when the immobilized cell concentration in the calcium alginate beads was 53.3 g dry wt./l bead volume. Ethanol yield remained almost unaffected by initial sugar concentration up to 250 g/l and was found to be about 88% of the theoretical. Maximum rate of ethanol production decreased from 22.5 g ethanol/l/h to 10.5 g ethanol/l/h while the maximum rate of total sugars utilization decreased from 74.9 g sugars/l/h to 28.5 g sugars/l/h as the initial substrate concentration was increased from 100 to 300 g/l. The concentration of free cells in the fermentation broth was low.

Modeling of a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process for ethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes by kluyveromyces marxianus

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Juan Esteban Vásquez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta el modelado de las principales dinámicas de un proceso de Sacarificación y Fermentación Simultaneas (SFS utilizando residuos lignocelulósicos como sustrato. Experimentos de SSF llevados a cabo con la levadura Kluyveromyces marxianus como inóculo y desechos de palma de aceite como sustrato se realizaron para obtener datos de concentración de glucosa y etanol que permitieran identificar parámetros y validar el modelo. El modelo resultante predice el comportamiento general de las concentraciones de glucosa y etanol. Gracias a un análisis de sensibilidad, se definen los parámetros que más afectan el modelo, con el fin de flexibilizar el modelo para que pueda ser optimizado en casos particulares con pocos requerimientos computacionales. Esta estrategia de reoptimización muestra mejorar de manera importante la capacidad del modelo para predecir las dinámicas del proceso SSF.

Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis as host for expression of the bacterial lipase: cloning and adaptation of the new lipase gene from Serratia sp.

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Šiekštelė, Rimantas; Veteikytė, Aušra; Tvaska, Bronius; Matijošytė, Inga

2015-10-01

Many microbial lipases have been successfully expressed in yeasts, but not in industrially attractive Kluyveromyces lactis, which among other benefits can be cultivated on a medium supplemented with whey--cheap and easily available industrial waste. A new bacterial lipase from Serratia sp. was isolated and for the first time expressed into the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis by heterologous protein expression system based on a strong promoter of Kluyveromyces marxianus triosephosphate isomerase gene and signal peptide of Kluyveromyces marxianus endopolygalacturonase gene. In addition, the bacterial lipase gene was synthesized de novo by taking into account a codon usage bias optimal for K. lactis and was expressed into the yeast K. lactis also. Both resulting strains were characterized by high output level of the target protein secreted extracellularly. Secreted lipases were characterized for activity and stability.

Growth and ethanol fermentation ability on hexose and pentose sugars and glucose effect under various conditions in thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus.

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Rodrussamee, Nadchanok; Lertwattanasakul, Noppon; Hirata, Katsushi; Suprayogi; Limtong, Savitree; Kosaka, Tomoyuki; Yamada, Mamoru

2011-05-01

Ethanol fermentation ability of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, which is able to utilize various sugars including glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, was examined under shaking and static conditions at high temperatures. The yeast was found to produce ethanol from all of these sugars except for arabinose under a shaking condition but only from hexose sugars under a static condition. Growth and sugar utilization rate under a static condition were slower than those under a shaking condition, but maximum ethanol yield was slightly higher. Even at 40°C, a level of ethanol production similar to that at 30°C was observed except for galactose under a static condition. Glucose repression on utilization of other sugars was observed, and it was more evident at elevated temperatures. Consistent results were obtained by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose. The glucose effect was further examined at a transcription level, and it was found that KmGAL1 for galactokinase and KmXYL1 for xylose reductase for galactose and xylose/arabinose utilization, respectively, were repressed by glucose at low and high temperatures, but KmHXK2 for hexokinase was not repressed. We discuss the possible mechanism of glucose repression and the potential for utilization of K. marxianus in high-temperature fermentation with mixed sugars containing glucose.

Growth and ethanol fermentation ability on hexose and pentose sugars and glucose effect under various conditions in thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrussamee, Nadchanok; Hirata, Katsushi; Suprayogi [Yamaguchi Univ., Ube (Japan). Graduate School of Medicine; Lertwattanasakul, Noppon; Kosaka, Tomoyuki [Yamaguchi Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture; Limtong, Savitree [Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Science; Yamada, Mamoru [Yamaguchi Univ., Ube (Japan). Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture

2011-05-15

Ethanol fermentation ability of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, which is able to utilize various sugars including glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, was examined under shaking and static conditions at high temperatures. The yeast was found to produce ethanol from all of these sugars except for arabinose under a shaking condition but only from hexose sugars under a static condition. Growth and sugar utilization rate under a static condition were slower than those under a shaking condition, but maximum ethanol yield was slightly higher. Even at 40 C, a level of ethanol production similar to that at 30 C was observed except for galactose under a static condition. Glucose repression on utilization of other sugars was observed, and it was more evident at elevated temperatures. Consistent results were obtained by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose. The glucose effect was further examined at a transcription level, and it was found that KmGAL1 for galactokinase and KmXYL1 for xylose reductase for galactose and xylose/arabinose utilization, respectively, were repressed by glucose at low and high temperatures, but KmHXK2 for hexokinase was not repressed. We discuss the possible mechanism of glucose repression and the potential for utilization of K. marxianus in high-temperature fermentation with mixed sugars containing glucose. (orig.)

Differential RNA-seq, Multi-Network Analysis and Metabolic Regulation Analysis of Kluyveromyces marxianus Reveals a Compartmentalised Response to Xylose.

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Du Toit W P Schabort

Full Text Available We investigated the transcriptomic response of a new strain of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, in glucose and xylose media using RNA-seq. The data were explored in a number of innovative ways using a variety of networks types, pathway maps, enrichment statistics, reporter metabolites and a flux simulation model, revealing different aspects of the genome-scale response in an integrative systems biology manner. The importance of the subcellular localisation in the transcriptomic response is emphasised here, revealing new insights. As was previously reported by others using a rich medium, we show that peroxisomal fatty acid catabolism was dramatically up-regulated in a defined xylose mineral medium without fatty acids, along with mechanisms to activate fatty acids and transfer products of β-oxidation to the mitochondria. Notably, we observed a strong up-regulation of the 2-methylcitrate pathway, supporting capacity for odd-chain fatty acid catabolism. Next we asked which pathways would respond to the additional requirement for NADPH for xylose utilisation, and rationalised the unexpected results using simulations with Flux Balance Analysis. On a fundamental level, we investigated the contribution of the hierarchical and metabolic regulation levels to the regulation of metabolic fluxes. Metabolic regulation analysis suggested that genetic level regulation plays a major role in regulating metabolic fluxes in adaptation to xylose, even for the high capacity reactions, which is unexpected. In addition, isozyme switching may play an important role in re-routing of metabolic fluxes in subcellular compartments in K. marxianus.

Caracterização cinética e termodinâmica de β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 fracionada com sulfato de amônio Kinetics and thermodynamic characterization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 fractionated with ammonium sulphate

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Renata Bemvenuti Heidtmann

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A β-galactosidase é uma enzima importante que atua na hidrólise da lactose, podendo ser empregada na obtenção de alimentos destinados a consumidores intolerantes a esse dissacarídeo. A levedura Kluyveromyces marxianus apresenta bom rendimento de crescimento, além de ser um micro-organismo seguro em aplicações industriais, e tem sido utilizada para produção da enzima por cultivo submerso. A β-galactosidase obtida foi fracionada com sulfato de amônio e caracterizada quanto a temperatura e pH ótimos, estabilidade térmica, valores D e z, e parâmetros cinéticos e termodinâmicos. A temperatura e pH ótimos foram de 45-50 °C e 7,0, respectivamente. A energia de ativação da reação enzimática foi de 9,8 kcal.mol-1 e da reação de desativação, 64,2 kcal.mol-1. Os valores de Km e Vmax obtidos foram de 3,7 mM e 99,0 U.mL-1, respectivamente. A energia livre de Gibbs reduziu com o aumento de temperatura, sendo a enzima mais estável a 30 °C (∆G* = 106,8 kJ.mol-1. A entalpia foi de 313,04 kJ.mol-1 e a entropia 0,68 kJ.mol-1.k-1. O valor D confirmou que a enzima foi mais estável em temperaturas próximas de 30 °C (D = 11.513,0 min e o valor z foi de 5,8 °C.β-galactosidase is an important enzyme that acts on lactose hydrolysis and can be used to obtain food for consumers intolerant to this disaccharide. The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus presents a good growth yield, is a safe microorganism for industrial applications and has been used for enzyme production using the submerged process. The β-galactosidase obtained was fractionated with ammonium sulphate and characterized with respect to its optimum temperature and pH, thermal stability and its D and z values, as well as its kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The optimum temperature and pH were 45-50 °C and 7.0, respectively. The activation energy and the deactivation reaction of the enzymatic reaction were, respectively, 9.8 kcal.mol-1 and 64.2 kcal.mol-1. The Km and Vmax

Antioxidant, ACE-Inhibitory and antibacterial activities of Kluyveromyces marxianus protein hydrolysates and their peptide fractions

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Mahta Mirzaeia

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Background: There has been evidence that proteins are potentially excellent source of antioxidants, antihypertensive and antimicrobial peptides, and that enzymatic hydrolysis is an effective method to release these peptides from protein molecules. The functional properties of protein hydrolysates depends on the protein substrate, the specificity of the enzymes, the conditions used during proteolysis, degree of hydrolysis, and the nature of peptides released including molecular weight, amino acid composition, and hydrophobicity. Context and purpose of this study: The biomass of Kluyveromyces marxianus was considered as a source of ACE inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides. Results: Autolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were completed respectively, after 96 h and 5 h. Overall, trypsin (18.52% DH and chymotrypsin (21.59% DH treatments were successful in releasing antioxidant and ACE inhibitory peptides. Autolysate sample (39.51% DH demonstrated poor antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity compared to trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolysates. The chymotrypsin 3-5 kDa (301.6±22.81 μM TE/mg protein and trypsin < 3 kDa (280.16±39.16 μM TE/mg protein permeate peptide fractions showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The trypsin <3 kDa permeate peptide fraction showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging (1691.1±48.68 μM TE/mg protein and ACE inhibitory (IC50=0.03±0.001 mg/mL activities. The fraction (MW=5-10 kD obtained after autolysis treatment showed antibacterial activity against St. aureus and Lis. monocytogenes in well diffusion screening. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC value was 13.3 mg/mLagainst St. aureus and Lis. monocytogenes calculated by turbidimetric assay and it showed bactericidal activity against St. aureus at 21.3 mg/mL protein concentration. Conclusions: Altogether, the results of this study reveal that K. marxianus proteins contain specific peptides in their sequences which can be released by

Automated UV-C mutagenesis of Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-1109 and selection for microaerophilic growth and ethanol production at elevated temperature on biomass sugars.

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Hughes, Stephen R; Bang, Sookie S; Cox, Elby J; Schoepke, Andrew; Ochwat, Kate; Pinkelman, Rebecca; Nelson, Danielle; Qureshi, Nasib; Gibbons, William R; Kurtzman, Cletus P; Bischoff, Kenneth M; Liu, Siqing; Cote, Gregory L; Rich, Joseph O; Jones, Marjorie A; Cedeño, David; Doran-Peterson, Joy; Riaño-Herrera, Nestor M; Rodríguez-Valencia, Nelson; López-Núñez, Juan C

2013-08-01

The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is a potential microbial catalyst for fuel ethanol production from a wide range of biomass substrates. To improve its growth and ethanol yield at elevated temperature under microaerophilic conditions, K. marxianus NRRL Y-1109 was irradiated with UV-C using automated protocols on a robotic platform for picking and spreading irradiated cultures and for processing the resulting plates. The plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions on xylose or glucose for 5 mo at 46 °C. Two K. marxianus mutant strains (designated 7-1 and 8-1) survived and were isolated from the glucose plates. Both mutant strains, but not wild type, grew aerobically on glucose at 47 °C. All strains grew anaerobically at 46 °C on glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and pectin; however, only 7-1 grew anaerobically on xylose at 46 °C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2403 did not grow at 46 °C on any of these substrates. With glucose as a carbon source, ethanol yield after 3 d at 46 °C was higher for 8-1 than for wild type (0.51 and 0.43 g ethanol/g glucose, respectively). With galacturonic acid as a carbon source, the ethanol yield after 7 d at 46 °C was higher for 7-1 than for wild type (0.48 and 0.34 g ethanol/g galacturonic acid, respectively). These mutant strains have potential application in fuel ethanol production at elevated temperature from sugar constituents of starch, sucrose, pectin, and cellulosic biomass.

Improving the Organoleptic Properties of a Craft Mezcal Beverage by Increasing Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Contents through ATF1 Expression in an Engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus UMPe-1 Yeast.

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Campos-García, Jesús; Vargas, Alejandra; Farías-Rosales, Lorena; Miranda, Ana L; Meza-Carmen, Víctor; Díaz-Pérez, Alma L

2018-05-02

Mezcal, a traditional beverage that originated in Mexico, is produced from species of the Agavaceae family. The esters associated with the yeasts utilized during fermentation are important for improving the organoleptic properties of the beverage. We improved the ester contents in a mezcal beverage by using the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, which was engineered with the ATF1 gene. ATF1 expression in the recombinant yeast significantly increased compared with that in the parental yeast, but its fermentative parameters were unchanged. Volatile-organic-compound-content analysis showed that esters had significantly increased in the mezcal produced with the engineered yeast. In a sensory-panel test, 48% of the panelists preferred the mezcal produced from the engineered yeast, 30% preferred the mezcal produced from the wild type, and 15 and 7% preferred the two mezcal types produced following the routine procedure. Correlation analysis showed that the fruitiness/sweetness description of the mezcal produced using the ATF1-engineered K. marxianus yeast correlated with the content of the esters, whose presence improved the organoleptic properties of the craft mezcal beverage.

Lignocellulosic sugar management for xylitol and ethanol fermentation with multiple cell recycling by Kluyveromyces marxianus IIPE453.

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Dasgupta, Diptarka; Ghosh, Debashish; Bandhu, Sheetal; Adhikari, Dilip K

2017-07-01

Optimum utilization of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass to deliver multiple products under biorefinery concept has been reported in this work. Alcohol fermentation has been carried out with multiple cell recycling of Kluyveromyces marxianus IIPE453. The yeast utilized xylose-rich fraction from acid and steam treated biomass for cell generation and xylitol production with an average yield of 0.315±0.01g/g while the entire glucose rich saccharified fraction had been fermented to ethanol with high productivity of 0.9±0.08g/L/h. A detailed insight into its genome illustrated the strain's complete set of genes associated with sugar transport and metabolism for high-temperature fermentation. A set flocculation proteins were identified that aided in high cell recovery in successive fermentation cycles to achieve alcohols with high productivity. We have brought biomass derived sugars, yeast cell biomass generation, and ethanol and xylitol fermentation in one platform and validated the overall material balance. 2kg sugarcane bagasse yielded 193.4g yeast cell, and with multiple times cell recycling generated 125.56g xylitol and 289.2g ethanol (366mL). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ethanol production from sunflower meal biomass by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907.

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Camargo, Danielle; Gomes, Simone D; Sene, Luciane

2014-11-01

The lignocellulosic materials are considered promising renewable resources for ethanol production, but improvements in the processes should be studied to reduce operating costs. Thus, the appropriate enzyme loading for cellulose saccharification is critical for process economics. This study aimed at evaluating the concentration of cellulase and β-glucosidase in the production of bioethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sunflower meal biomass. The sunflower biomass was pretreated with 6% H2SO4 (w/v), at 121 °C, for 20 min, for hemicellulose removal and delignificated with 1% NaOH. SSF was performed with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907, at 38 °C, 150 rpm, for 72 h, with different enzyme concentrations (Cellulase Complex NS22086-10, 15 and 20 FPU/gsubstrate and β-Glucosidase NS22118, with a cellulase to β-glucosidase ratio of 1.5:1; 2:1 and 3:1). The best condition for ethanol production was cellulase 20 FPU/gsubstrate and β-glucosidase 13.3 CBU/gsubstrate, resulting in 27.88 g/L ethanol, yield of 0.47 g/g and productivity of 0.38 g/L h. Under this condition the highest enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose was attained (87.06%).

Partial purification and characterization of exoinulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-1 for preparation of high-fructose syrup.

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Singh, Ram Sarup; Dhaliwal, Rajesh; Puri, Munish

2007-05-01

An extracellular exoinulinase (2,1-beta-D fructan fructanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.7), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose, was purified 23.5-fold by ethanol precipitation, followed by Sephadex G-100 gel permeation from a cell-free extract of Kluyveromyces marxianus YS-1. The partially purified enzyme exhibited considerable activity between pH 5 to 6, with an optimum pH of 5.5, while it remained stable (100%) for 3 h at the optimum temperature of 50 degrees C. Mn2+ and Ca2+ produced a 2.4-fold and 1.2-fold enhancement in enzyme activity, whereas Hg2+ and Ag2+ completely inhibited the inulinase. A preparation of the partially purified enzyme effectively hydrolyzed inulin, sucrose, and raffinose, yet no activity was found with starch, lactose, and maltose. The enzyme preparation was then successfully used to hydrolyze pure inulin and raw inulin from Asparagus racemosus for the preparation of a high-fructose syrup. In a batch system, the exoinulinase hydrolyzed 84.8% of the pure inulin and 86.7% of the raw Asparagus racemosus inulin, where fructose represented 43.6 mg/ml and 41.3 mg/ml, respectively.

Effects of carbon sources, oxygenation and ethanol on the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01

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JIAOQI GAO

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Inulinase is one of the most important factors in consolidated bioprocessing, which combines enzyme production, inulin saccharification, and ethanol fermentation into a single process. In our study, inulinase production and cell growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01 under different conditions were studied. Carbon source was shown to be significant on the production of inulinase, because the activity of inulinase was higher using inulin as a carbon source compared with glucose or fructose. The concentration of the carbon source had a repressive effect on the activity of inulinase. When the concentration was increased to 60 g/L, inulinase activity was only 50% compared with carbon source concentration of 20 g/L. Enzyme activity was also strongly influenced by aeration rate. It has been shown that the activity of inulinase and cell growth under anaerobic conditions were maintained at low levels, but aeration at 1.0 vvm (air volume/broth volume minute led to higher activity. Inulinase activity per unit biomass was not significantly different under different aeration rates. Ethanol had a repressive effect on the cell growth. Cells ceased growing when the level of ethanol was greater than 9% (v/v, but ethanol did not affect the activity of secreted inulinase and the enzyme was stable at ethanol concentration up to 15%.

Kinetics and Regulation Studies of the Production of β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus Grown on Different Substrates

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Samia Khan

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Lactose-intolerance is manifested in 50 % of the world’s population. This can be remediated by removing lactose from the diet or converting it into glucose and galactose with β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23. In this work, batch production of this enzyme in the presence of lactose, galactose, cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, sucrose and glucose was investigated using Kluyveromyces marxianus in shake flask culture studies. Substrate type and temperature were the independent variables that directly regulated the specific growth and β-galactosidase production rates. Lactose (2 % supported the maximum specific product yield (YP/X, followed by galactose, sucrose, cellobiose, xylose, arabinose and glucose. Its synthesis was regulated by an induction and a growth-dependent repression mechanism. The optimum temperature for the production was found to be 35–37 °C. The highest volumetric productivity of enzyme (80.0 IU/L/h occurred on lactose-corn steep liquor medium. This was significantly higher than the calculated values reported in the literature. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the cells provided a defence mechanism against thermal inactivation. The enzyme was stable at 60 °C and pH=5.0–7.0, and it may find application in commercial lactose hydrolysis.

The modeling of ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus using whey as substrate in continuous A-Stat bioreactors.

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Gabardo, Sabrina; Pereira, Gabriela Feix; Rech, Rosane; Ayub, Marco Antônio Záchia

2015-09-01

We investigated the kinetics of whey bioconversion into ethanol by Kluyveromyces marxianus in continuous bioreactors using the "accelerostat technique" (A-stat). Cultivations using free and Ca-alginate immobilized cells were evaluated using two different acceleration rates (a). The kinetic profiles of these systems were modeled using four different unstructured models, differing in the expressions for the specific growth (μ) and substrate consumption rates (r s), taking into account substrate limitation and product inhibition. Experimental data showed that the dilution rate (D) directly affected cell physiology and metabolism. The specific growth rate followed the dilution rate (μ≈D) for the lowest acceleration rate (a = 0.0015 h(-2)), condition in which the highest ethanol yield (0.52 g g(-1)) was obtained. The highest acceleration rate (a = 0.00667 h(-2)) led to a lower ethanol yield (0.40 g g(-1)) in the system where free cells were used, whereas with immobilized cells ethanol yields increased by 23 % (0.49 g g(-1)). Among the evaluated models, Monod and Levenspiel combined with Ghose and Tyagi models were found to be more appropriate for describing the kinetics of whey bioconversion into ethanol. These results may be useful in scaling up the process for ethanol production from whey.

Kinetics of ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke juice with some Kluyveromyces species

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Kuvnjak, Z.; Kosaric, N.; Hayes, R.D.

1981-01-01

The kinetics of ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 12708 and ATCC 10606, K. cicerisporus ATCC 22295 and K. fragilis 105 were studied using raw juice of the Jerusalem artichoke in which the carbohydrates were not hydrolyzed prior to fermentation. This juice contains enough nutrients and can serve as a complete medium without additional nutrients both for growth of the yeasts and for ethanol production. Both specific ethanol productivity and specific glucose uptake rates were the highest with K. marxianus ATCC 12708 (1.68 gg-1 h-1 and 3.78 gg-1h-1, respectively). This microorganism produced an ethanol yield of 87.5% of the theoretical value in 25 hours.

Ethanol yield and volatile compound content in fermentation of agave must by Kluyveromyces marxianus UMPe-1 comparing with Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast used in tequila production.

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López-Alvarez, Arnoldo; Díaz-Pérez, Alma Laura; Sosa-Aguirre, Carlos; Macías-Rodríguez, Lourdes; Campos-García, Jesús

2012-05-01

In tequila production, fermentation is an important step. Fermentation determines the ethanol productivity and organoleptic properties of the beverage. In this study, a yeast isolated from native residual agave must was identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus UMPe-1 by 26S rRNA sequencing. This yeast was compared with the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pan1. Our findings demonstrate that the UMPe-1 yeast was able to support the sugar content of agave must and glucose up to 22% (w/v) and tolerated 10% (v/v) ethanol concentration in the medium with 50% cells survival. Pilot and industrial fermentation of agave must tests showed that the K. marxianus UMPe-1 yeast produced ethanol with yields of 94% and 96% with respect to fermentable sugar content (glucose and fructose, constituting 98%). The S. cerevisiae Pan1 baker's yeast, however, which is commonly used in some tequila factories, showed 76% and 70% yield. At the industrial level, UMPe-1 yeast shows a maximum velocity of fermentable sugar consumption of 2.27g·L(-1)·h(-1) and ethanol production of 1.38g·L(-1)·h(-1), providing 58.78g ethanol·L(-1) at 72h fermentation, which corresponds to 96% yield. In addition, the major and minor volatile compounds in the tequila beverage obtained from UMPe-1 yeast were increased. Importantly, 29 volatile compounds were identified, while the beverage obtained from Pan1-yeast contained fewer compounds and in lower concentrations. The results suggest that the K. marxianus UMPe-1 is a suitable yeast for agave must fermentation, showing high ethanol productivity and increased volatile compound content comparing with a S. cerevisiae baker's yeast used in tequila production. Copyright © 2012 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efecto de Sacharomyces cerevisiae y Kluyveromices marxianus durante el tiempo de fermentación en la calidad nutritiva del nopal forrajero / Effect of Sacharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromices marxianus on the nutritional quality of the forage prickly pear during the time of fermentation

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Esperanza Herrera-Torres

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Recientemente, el nopal forrajero se ha introducido en la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, una limitante del nopal es su bajo contenido de proteína cruda. Una tecnología que se puede utilizar para incrementar la calidad nutritiva del nopal es la fermentación en estado sólido (FES. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de Kluyveromyces marxianus y Saccharomyces cerevisiae en la dinámica de fermentación del nopal forrajero. Se colocaron 250 g de nopal picado con el 1 % de levadura en matraces de 500 ml, los cuales se incubaron por 24, 48, 72 y 96 h a 32 °C y 28 °C para K. marxianus y S. cerevisiae, respectivamente. A las muestras secas del nopal fermentado se les determinaron los contenidos de materia seca (MS, proteína cruda (PC, fibra detergente neutro (FDN, fibra detergente ácido (FDA, lignina (L y digestibilidad verdadera in vitro de la MS (DVIVMS. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados con un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2x5 con mediciones repetidas. Se observaron interacciones entre tipo de levadura x tiempo de fermentación para los contenidos de MS, PC, DVIVMS, FDN, FDA y L (P < 0.05. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, las mejores características nutritivas en el nopal fermentado se obtuvieron a las 48 y 96 h de fermentación con S. cerevisiae y K. marxianus respectivamente.

Novel technology development through thermal drying of encapsulated Kluyveromyces marxianus in micro- and nano-tubular cellulose in lactose fermentation and its evaluation for food production.

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Papapostolou, Harris; Servetas, Yiannis; Bosnea, Loulouda A; Kanellaki, Maria; Koutinas, Athanasios A

2012-12-01

A novel technology development based on the production of a low-cost starter culture for ripening of cheeses and baking is reported in the present study. The starter culture comprises thermally dried cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus encapsulated in micro- and nano-tubular cellulose. For production of a low-cost and effective biocatalyst, whey was used as raw material for biomass production and thermal drying methods (convective, conventional, and vacuum) were applied and evaluated at drying temperatures ranging from 35 to 60 °C. The effect of drying temperature of biocatalysts on fermentability of lactose and whey was evaluated. Storage stability and suitability of biocatalysts as a commercial starter cultures was also assessed and evaluated. All thermally dried biocatalysts were found to be active in lactose and whey fermentation. In all cases, there was sugar conversion ranging from 92 to 100 %, ethanol concentration of up to 1.47 % (v/v), and lactic acid concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 5.5 g/l. However, convective drying of the encapsulated cells of K. marxianus in micro- and nano-tubular cellulose was faster and a more effective drying method while drying at 42 °C appear to be the best drying temperature in terms of cell activity, ethanol, and lactic acid formation. Storage of the biocatalysts for 3 months at 4 °C proved maintenance of its activity even though fermentation times increased by 50-100 % compared with the fresh dried ones.

Ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 during growth on straw-supplemented whiskey distillery spent wash at 45 C

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Barron, N.; Mulholland, H.; Boyle, M.; McHale, A.P. [Biotechnology Research Group, School of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA (United Kingdom)

1997-11-01

The thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeast strain, Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 was grown on media consisting of straw-supplemented distillery spent wash from The Old Bushmill`s Distillery Co. Ltd., Bushmills, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland. Media were supplemented with cellulase activity and fermentations were carried out at 45 C. When pulverized straw was used as substrate in this system at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% (w/v), ethanol concentrations increased to maxima of 1.45, 2.2 and 3 g/l, respectively. Based on straw containing a maximum of 40% cellulose, these ethanol concentrations accounted for 36, 27 and 24% of the maximum theoretical yield, respectively. When the straw was pre-treated with NaOH and used in the spent wash containing system at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% (w/v) ethanol, concentrations increased to maxima of 3, 6.2 and 10.5 g/l, respectively and these accounted for 75, 76 and 86% of the maximum theoretical yield. When these results are compared with previously published data relating to the use of straw in laboratory-based media, they suggest that whiskey distillery spent wash may provide an adequate medium for supplementation with complex carbohydrate and subsequent ethanol production in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes. (orig.) With 2 figs., 17 refs.

Hyperproduction and Thermal Characterization of a Novel Invertase from a Double Mutant Derivative of Kluyveromyces marxianus

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Muhammad Ibrahim Rajoka

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Kinetics of intracellular invertase production employing a double mutant derivative of Kluyveromyces marxianus was optimized by varying different process variables in a 23-litre fermentor. The maximum volumetric rate (QP and invertase yield (YP/S by M15 mutant were 1222 U/(L·h and 160 U/g of substrate utilized, respectively (2-fold more than those of parental strain at 50 °C on the molasses (150 g/L of total fermentable sugars at pH=5.5. Glucose or sucrose (100, 150 or 170 g/L did not repress invertase catabolically under the optimized fermentation conditions, contrary to the previous reports on other yeasts and filamentous fungi, where catabolite repression of sugars was predominant. Invertases derived by the wild (IW and mutant (IM strains were purified employing ammonium sulphate precipitation, and then characterized by column chromatographic techniques both kinetically and thermodynamically. The acidic limb of invertases was missing and collation of pKa and the heat of ionization values indicated that carboxyl groups were involved in proton transfer during active catalysis. Ratios of Kcat/Km and vmax/Km indicated that IM was significantly more specific for sucrose hydrolysis. The IM exhibited stability in different buffers at pH=3.0–10.0 and temperature of 50–70 °C, as reflected by long half-lives. IM showed significantly lower values of enthalpy of activation (ΔH* and entropy of activation (ΔS*, while Gibbs free energy (ΔG* was significantly increased at higher temperatures, making the IM thermodynamically more thermostable. Thus IM could be used as a catabolite-resistant invertase for the production of fructose syrup or high gravity ethanol.

Modelación matemática del efecto de la temperatura en la actividad y la estabilidad térmica de la inulinasa de Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571

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Jesús Diestra Balta

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Un modelo matemático se utilizó en este estudio para describir el efecto de la temperatura en la actividad y la estabilidad térmica (condiciones no reactivas de la inulinasa de Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571. El modelo se tomó de la literatura, el cual se desarrolló utilizando la ecuación de Arrhenius y los datos experimentales. Una ecuación cinética de primer orden se asumió para la inactivación enzimática. Los parámetros del modelo se determinaron por regresión lineal y no lineal, reportando los intervalos de confianza. Los datos experimentales demostraron que la actividad máxima actuando en sacarosa e inulina se alcanzó a 55 °C y que estas actividades fueron altamente sensibles a temperaturas más altas. Además, la actividad inulolítica fue más estable térmicamente que la de invertasa en el rango de 48 a 60 °C.Utilizando el modelo, la temperatura del proceso para la hidrólisis de sacarosa e inulina se determinó en la intersección de las curvas de la actividad relativa y el tiempo de vida media relativo, resultando 49 °C para ambos procesos. Aunque este modelo se utilizó con referencia a la hidrólisis de la sacarosa e inulina, el enfoque es una herramienta útil que se puede aplicar a otros procesos enzimáticos para la determinación de la temperatura de operación, la que es últimamente determinada por una evaluación económica.

Effect of Organic Solvent on the Characteristics of Free and Immobilized Inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 16045

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Fernanda V. A. Risso

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the butyl acetate concentration on the characteristics of free and immobilized inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 16045. The mass fractions of organic solvent (OS in sodium acetate buffer (0.1 M were studied in the range from 25 to 70 %. The characteristics of both free and immobilized enzymes were not significantly affected by the OS mass fraction. The optimal temperature for the free enzyme was 55 °C at all OS mass fractions studied, whereas for the immobilized enzyme the optimum was 55 °C at 70 % of butyl acetate, and in the range from 50 to 60 °C at 25 and 50 % of OS. The optimum pH values, at all OS mass fractions, were 4.8 and 4.4 for the free and immobilized enzymes, respectively. The immobilized enzyme showed more stability at 50 °C and pH=4.8 for the whole range of OS mass fractions, since its stability was improved about 3 times. The kinetics parameters were calculated using Lineweaver-Burk plots. For the free enzyme, the vmax values were 12.5, 58.5 and 37.6 U/mL and the Km values 17.5, 280.7 and 210.4 mM at butyl acetate mass fractions of 25, 50 and 70 %, respectively. Similarly, for the immobilized enzyme, the vmax values were 38.9, 59.5 and 72.5 U/mL and the Km values 3.1, 5.4 and 14.0 mM at the same butyl acetate mass fractions, respectively.

Growth, ethanol production, and inulinase activity on various inulin substrates by mutant Kluyveromyces marxianus strains NRRL Y-50798 and NRRL Y-50799.

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Galindo-Leva, Luz Ángela; Hughes, Stephen R; López-Núñez, Juan Carlos; Jarodsky, Joshua M; Erickson, Adam; Lindquist, Mitchell R; Cox, Elby J; Bischoff, Kenneth M; Hoecker, Eric C; Liu, Siqing; Qureshi, Nasib; Jones, Marjorie A

2016-07-01

Economically important plants contain large amounts of inulin. Disposal of waste resulting from their processing presents environmental issues. Finding microorganisms capable of converting inulin waste to biofuel and valuable co-products at the processing site would have significant economic and environmental impact. We evaluated the ability of two mutant strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus (Km7 and Km8) to utilize inulin for ethanol production. In glucose medium, both strains consumed all glucose and produced 0.40 g ethanol/g glucose at 24 h. In inulin medium, Km7 exhibited maximum colony forming units (CFU)/mL and produced 0.35 g ethanol/g inulin at 24 h, while Km8 showed maximum CFU/mL and produced 0.02 g ethanol/g inulin at 96 h. At 24 h in inulin + glucose medium, Km7 produced 0.40 g ethanol/g (inulin + glucose) and Km8 produced 0.20 g ethanol/g (inulin + glucose) with maximum CFU/mL for Km8 at 72 h, 40 % of that for Km7 at 36 h. Extracellular inulinase activity at 6 h for both Km7 and Km8 was 3.7 International Units (IU)/mL.

Sucrose-supplemented distillery spent wash as a medium for production of ethanol at 45 C by free and alginate-immobilized preparations of Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3

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Ferguson, P.; Mulholland, H.; Barron, N.; Brady, D.; McHale, A.P. [Biotechnology Research Group, School of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Ulster (United Kingdom)

1998-04-01

Ethanol production by the thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3, was compared during growth on sucrose-supplemented laboratory-based media and distillery spent wash from the Old Bushmill`s Distillery Co., Ltd., Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland. Fermentations were carried out using preparations of the free and alginate-immobilized microorganism as inocula in media supplemented with 2 and 10% (w/v) sucrose. Maximum ethanol concentrations accounted for 75-99% of the maximum theoretical yield and in all cases maximum concentrations obtained using the spent wash were similar if not slightly higher than those obtained on the sucrose-supplemented yeast growth media. In addition, the highest concentrations of ethanol were produced by the alginate-immobilized biocatalyst on both types of media. Analysis of exhausted media in the spent wash-based systems demonstrated significant decreases in the total organic carbon content following fermentation. These results confirm our earlier suggestion that ethanol production based on this microorganism in a recycle system may provide a more cost-effective means of disposing of whiskey distillery spent wash. (orig.) With 1 tab., 8 refs.

Purification of microbial b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis by bioaffinity partitioning Purificação de b-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis por partição por bioafinidade

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Maria Estela da Silva

1999-12-01

Full Text Available This work investigated the partitioning of b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS by bioaffinity. PEG 4000 was chemically activated with thresyl chloride, and the biospecific ligand p-aminophenyl 1-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (APGP was attached to the activated PEG 4000. A new two-step method for extraction and purification of the enzyme b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis was developed. In the first step, a system composed of 6% PEG 4000-APGP and 8% dextran 505 was used, where b-galactosidase was strongly partitioned to the top phase (K = 2,330. In the second step, a system formed of 13% PEG-APGP and 9% phosphate salt was used to revert the value of the partition coefficient of b-galactosidase (K = 2 x 10-5 in order to provide the purification and recovery of 39% of the enzyme in the bottom salt-rich phase.Foi desenvolvido um método novo de extração e purificação da ß-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis em sistema de duas fases aquosas (SDFA. PEG 4000 foi ativado quimicamente com cloreto de tresila e o ligante bioespecífico p-aminofenil-ß-D-tiogalactopiranosídeo (APGP foi acoplado ao PEG 4000 ativado. Na primeira etapa foi usado um sistema composto de 6% PEG-APGP e 8% dextrana 505, onde a partição da ß-galactosidase ocorreu na fase superior (K = 2.330. Na segunda etapa foi usado um sistema composto por 13% PEG-APGP e 9% fosfato para reverter o valor do coeficiente de partição da ß-galactosidase (K = 2,2 x 10-5, obtendo-se recuperação de 39% da enzima na fase salina.

The effect of gamma irradiation on alcoholic fermentation of cassava by saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lina, M.R.; Susiana

1986-01-01

A study to examine the influence of gamma irradiation (Co 60 ) on the production of alcohol from cassava by two yeast cultures, S. cerevisiae and a thermotolerant K. marxianus was carried out. Irradiation doses used were 0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 7 kGy. Two enzymes thermamyl and amyloglucosidase were used for liquifaction and saccharification, respectively. A part of the cassava substrate was enriched with NH 4 H 2 PO 4 as nitrogen source. Irradiated yeast suspension ( + - 10 8 cells/ml) was inoculated to the medium to a final concentration of 5% (v/v). Incubation period was 3 days at a temperature of 30 o C for S. cerevisiae and 37 o C for K. marxianus. Results showed that gamma irradiation had a significant effect on the number of both yeast colonies. It decreased the number of yeast colonies, but not the content of ethanol produced by its fermentation. The yeast still viable after irradiation probably had an increased activity. Adding nitrogen to S. cerevisiae caused a decrease in the content of ethanol, but no significant effect was found on the number of colonies of both yeasts as affected by added nitrogen. (author). 10 refs

Data for rapid ethanol production at elevated temperatures by engineered thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus via the NADP(H-preferring xylose reductase–xylitol dehydrogenase pathway

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Biao Zhang

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A thermo-tolerant NADP(H-preferring xylose pathway was constructed in Kluyveromyces marxianus for ethanol production with xylose at elevated temperatures (Zhang et al., 2015 [25]. Ethanol production yield and efficiency was enhanced by pathway engineering in the engineered strains. The constructed strain, YZJ088, has the ability to co-ferment glucose and xylose for ethanol and xylitol production, which is a critical step toward enabling economic biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. This study contains the fermentation results of strains using the metabolic pathway engineering procedure. The ethanol-producing abilities of various yeast strains under various conditions were compared, and strain YZJ088 showed the highest production and fastest productivity at elevated temperatures. The YZJ088 xylose fermentation results indicate that it fermented well with xylose at either low or high inoculum size. When fermented with an initial cell concentration of OD600=15 at 37 °C, YZJ088 consumed 200 g/L xylose and produced 60.07 g/L ethanol; when the initial cell concentration was OD600=1 at 37 °C, YZJ088 consumed 98.96 g/L xylose and produced 33.55 g/L ethanol with a productivity of 0.47 g/L/h. When fermented with 100 g/L xylose at 42 °C, YZJ088 produced 30.99 g/L ethanol with a productivity of 0.65 g/L/h, which was higher than that produced at 37 °C.

Purification and characterization of a novel tannase produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus using olive pomace as solid support, and its promising role in gallic acid production.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahmoud, Abeer E; Fathy, Shadia A; Rashad, Mona M; Ezz, Magda K; Mohammed, Amira T

2018-02-01

Tannase is considered one of the most important industrial enzymes that find great applications in various sectors. Production of tannases through solid state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial wastes is an eco-friendly and cheap technology. Tannase was produced by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus using olive pomace as a solid support under SSF. It was purified using ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation followed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration resulting in 64.6% enzyme yield with 1026.12U/mg specific activity and 24.21 purification fold. Pure tannase had molecular weight of 65 KDa and 66.62 KDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. It showed a maximal activity at 35°C having two different pH optima, one of which is acidic (4.5) and the other one is alkaline (8.5). The enzyme was stable in the acidic range of pH (4.0-5.5) for 30min, and thermostable within the temperature range 30-70°C. Using tannic acid, the enzyme had a Km value of 0.77mM and Vmax of 263.20μmolemin -1 ml -1 . The effect of different metal ions on enzymatic activity was evaluated. HPLC analysis data indicated that the purified enzyme could carry out 24.65% tannic acid conversion with 5.25 folds increase in gallic acid concentration within 30min only. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel transporters from Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia guilliermondii expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enable growth on L-arabinose and D-xylose.

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Knoshaug, Eric P; Vidgren, Virve; Magalhães, Frederico; Jarvis, Eric E; Franden, Mary Ann; Zhang, Min; Singh, Arjun

2015-10-01

Genes encoding L-arabinose transporters in Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia guilliermondii were identified by functional complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose growth on L-arabinose was dependent on a functioning L-arabinose transporter, or by screening a differential display library, respectively. These transporters also transport D-xylose and were designated KmAXT1 (arabinose-xylose transporter) and PgAXT1, respectively. Transport assays using L-arabinose showed that KmAxt1p has K(m) 263 mM and V(max) 57 nM/mg/min, and PgAxt1p has K(m) 0.13 mM and V(max) 18 nM/mg/min. Glucose, galactose and xylose significantly inhibit L-arabinose transport by both transporters. Transport assays using D-xylose showed that KmAxt1p has K(m) 27 mM and V(max) 3.8 nM/mg/min, and PgAxt1p has K(m) 65 mM and V(max) 8.7 nM/mg/min. Neither transporter is capable of recovering growth on glucose or galactose in a S. cerevisiae strain deleted for hexose and galactose transporters. Transport kinetics of S. cerevisiae Gal2p showed K(m) 371 mM and V(max) 341 nM/mg/min for L-arabinose, and K(m) 25 mM and V(max) 76 nM/mg/min for galactose. Due to the ability of Gal2p and these two newly characterized transporters to transport both L-arabinose and D-xylose, one scenario for the complete usage of biomass-derived pentose sugars would require only the low-affinity, high-throughput transporter Gal2p and one additional high-affinity general pentose transporter, rather than dedicated D-xylose or L-arabinose transporters. Additionally, alignment of these transporters with other characterized pentose transporters provides potential targets for substrate recognition engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lactose hydrolysis in aqueous two-phase system by whole-cell {beta}-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Semicontinuous and continuous processes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomaska, M [Slovak Technical Univ., Bratislava (Slovakia). Dept. of Biochemical Technology; Stredansky, M [Slovak Technical Univ., Bratislava (Slovakia). Dept. of Biochemical Technology; Tomaskova, A [Slovak Technical Univ., Bratislava (Slovakia). Dept. of Biochemical Technology; Sturdik, E [Slovak Technical Univ., Bratislava (Slovakia). Dept. of Biochemical Technology

1995-01-01

Semicontinuous and continuous hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous two-phase systems (polyethylene glycol 20000/ dextran 40) with whole-cell {beta}-galactosidase of K. marxianus were studied. Both phase polymers had no effect on {beta}-galactosidase activity confined in cells. Good operational stability of the biocatalyst during 55 cycles of semicontinuous process was observed without appreciable decrease in product concentration. Continuous hydrolysis of lactose was performed in the stirred bioreactor, connected with the phase separator. The satisfactory degree of hydrolysis (between 82-88%) and volumetric productivity (21.6 g/l/h) were reached during 72 hours of continuous hydrolysis of 5% (w/w) lactose. (orig.)

Produção de protoplastos e lise da parede celular de leveduras utilizando β-1,3 glucanase Protoplasts production and yeast cell wall lysis using β-1,3 glucanase

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Luciana Francisco Fleuri

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visou a aplicação da β-1,3 glucanase lítica, obtida do microrganismo Cellulosimicrobium cellulans 191, na produção de protoplastos e na lise da parede celular de leveduras. A preparação bruta da enzima foi capaz de lisar as leveduras Kluyveromyces lodderi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fleischmann e Itaiquara, S. cerevisiae KL-88, S. diastaticus NCYC 713, S. cerevisiae NCYC 1001, Candida glabrata NCYC 388, Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587 e Hansenula mrakii NCYC 500. A β-1,3 glucanase purificada foi capaz de lisar as leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88, Saccharomyces capensis, Debaromyces vanriji, Pachysolen tannophillus, Kluyveromyces drosophilarum, Candida glabrata, Hansenula mrakii e Pichia membranaefaciens e formar protoplastos de Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88.The aim of this work was the application of lytic β-1,3 glucanase obtained from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans strain 191 in the production of protoplasts and lysis of yeast cell walls. The crude extract demonstrated lysis activity against the yeasts Kluyveromyces lodderi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fleischmann and Itaiquara, S. cerevisiae KL-88, S. diastaticus NCYC 713, S. cerevisiae NCYC 1001, Candida glabrata NCYC 388, Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587, and Hansenula mrakii NCYC 500. The purified β-1,3 glucanase demonstrated lysis activity against the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88, Saccharomyces capensis, Debaromyces vanriji, Pachysolen tannophillus, Kluyveromyces drosophilarum, Candida glabrata, Hansenula mrakii, and Pichia membranaefaciens, and it was able to produce Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88 protoplasts.

Optimisation of Inulinase Production by Kluyveromyces bulgaricus

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Darija Vranešić

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The present work is based on observation of the effects of pH and temperature of fermentation on the production of microbial enzyme inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus. Inulinase hydrolyzes inulin, a polysaccharide which can be isolated from plants such as Jerusalem artichoke, chicory or dahlia, and transformed into pure fructose or fructooligosaccharides. Fructooligosaccharides have great potential in food industry because they can be used as calorie-reduced compounds and noncariogenic sweeteners as well as soluble fibre and prebiotic compounds. Fructose formation from inulin is a single step enzymatic reaction and yields are up to 95 % the fructose. On the contrary, conventional fructose production from starch needs at least three enzymatic steps, yielding only 45 % of fructose. The process of inulinase production was optimised by using experimental design method. pH value of the cultivation medium showed to be the most significant variable and it should be maintained at optimum value of 3.6. The effect of temperature was slightly lower and optimal values were between 30 and 33 °C. At a low pH value of the cultivation medium, the microorganism was not able to producem enough enzyme and enzyme activities were low. Similar effect was caused by high temperature. The highest values of enzyme activities were achieved at optimal fermentation conditions and the values were: 100.16–124.36 IU/mL (with sucrose as substrate for determination of enzyme activity or 8.6–11.6 IU/mL (with inulin as substrate, respectively. The method of factorial design and response surface analysis makes it possible to study several factors simultaneously, to quantify the individual effect of each factor and to investigate their possible interactions. As a comparison to this method, optimisation of a physiological enzyme activity model depending on pH and temperature was also studied.

Use of starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as inoculum enrichment for the production of gowé, a sour beverage from Benin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vieira-Dalodé, G.; Madodé, Y.E.; Hounhouigan, J.

2008-01-01

Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia anomala, previously isolated during natural fermentation of traditional gowé, were tested as inoculum enrichment for controlled fermentation of gowé. The final product was subjected to chemical analysis and sensory eva...

Kinetics and Thermal Properties of Crude and Purified β-Galactosidase with Potential for the Production of Galactooligosaccharides

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Anna Rafaela Cavalcante Braga

2013-01-01

Full Text Available β-Galactosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose. It has potential importance due to various applications in the food and dairy industries, involving lactose-reduced ingredients. The properties of two β-galactosidase enzymes, crude and purified, from different sources, Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 and Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 16045, were analyzed. The pH and temperature optima, deactivation energy, thermal stability and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined, as well as the ability to hydrolyze lactose and produce galactooligosaccharides. Purification process improved the properties of the enzymes, and the results showed that purified enzymes from both strains had a higher optimum temperature, and lower values of Km, thus showing greater affinity for o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopiranoside than the crude enzymes. The production of galactooligosaccharides was also greater when using purified enzymes, increasing the synthesis by more than 30 % by both strains.

21 CFR 184.1388 - Lactase enzyme preparation from Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Lactase enzyme preparation from Kluyveromyces... GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS § 184.1388 Lactase enzyme preparation from Kluyveromyces lactis. (a) This enzyme preparation is derived from the nonpathogenic...

Identification and assessment of kefir yeast potential for sugar/ethanol-resistance

Science.gov (United States)

Miguel, M.G.C.P.; Cardoso, P.G.; Magalhães-Guedes, K.T.; Schwan, R.F.

2013-01-01

Biochemical and molecular analysis was used for identification of different kefir yeasts species from Brazil, Canada and the United States of America. The sugar/ethanol-resistant activity of the yeasts was evaluated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus had the highest growth rates, suggesting biotechnological applications possible for these strains. PMID:24159292

Dynamics of yeast immobilized-cell fluidized-bed bioreactors systems in ethanol fermentation from lactose-hydrolyzed whey and whey permeate.

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Gabardo, Sabrina; Pereira, Gabriela Feix; Klein, Manuela P; Rech, Rosane; Hertz, Plinho F; Ayub, Marco Antônio Záchia

2016-01-01

We studied the dynamics of ethanol production on lactose-hydrolyzed whey (LHW) and lactose-hydrolyzed whey permeate (LHWP) in batch fluidized-bed bioreactors using single and co-cultures of immobilized cells of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-industrial strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Although the co-culture of S. cerevisiae CAT-1 and K. marxianus CCT 4086 produced two- to fourfold the ethanol productivity of single cultures of S. cerevisiae, the single cultures of the K. marxianus CCT 4086 produced the best results in both media (Y EtOH/S = 0.47-0.49 g g(-1) and Q P = 1.39-1.68 g L(-1) h(-1), in LHW and LHWP, respectively). Ethanol production on concentrated LHWP (180 g L(-1)) reached 79.1 g L(-1), with yields of 0.46 g g(-1) for K. marxianus CCT 4086 cultures. Repeated batches of fluidized-bed bioreactor on concentrated LHWP led to increased ethanol productivity, reaching 2.8 g L(-1) h(-1).

Inulinase production in a packed bed reactor by solid state fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Dilipkumar, M; Rajamohan, N; Rajasimman, M

2013-07-01

In this work, production of inulinase was carried out in a packed bed reactor (PBR) under solid state fermentation. Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus was used to produce the inulinase using pressmud as substrate. The parameters like air flow rate, packing density and particle size were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the inulinase production. The optimum conditions for the maximum inulinase production were: air flow rate - 0.82 L/min, packing density - 40 g/L and particle size - 0.0044 mm (mesh - 14/20). At these optimized conditions, the production of inulinase was found to be 300.5 unit/gram of dry substrate (U/gds). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modelling of a Batch Whey Cultivation of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis MC 5 with Investigation of Mass Transfer Processes in the Bioreactor

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Mitko Petrov

2015-04-01

Full Text Available This study presents a mathematical model of a batch fermentation of lactose oxidation from a natural substratum in a cultivation by the strain Kluyweromyces marxianus var. lactis MC 5. In the model of the process, the mass transfer in the bioreactor for oxygen concentration in the gas phase (GP and in the liquid phase (LP is based on the dispersion model of the GP. In addition, perfect mixing in LP is included. Nine models were investigated for specific growth rate and specific oxygen consumptions rate: Monod, Mink, Tessier, Aiba, Andrews, Haldane, Luong, Edward and Han-Levenspiel. In regard to the parameter estimation, the worst observed error was used for all experiments as an objective function. This approach is a special case of multi objective parameter estimation problems allowing the parameter estimation problem to become a min-max problem. The results obtained (values of criteria, relative error and statistics λ for the specific growth rate showed that the best fit to experimental data is achieved when applying the Mink model. In a combination a Mink, and Monod, Mink, Luong, Haldane, and Han-Levenspiel are used for specific oxygen consumptions rate. Based on the investigation, it was discovered that the best fit belonged to the models of Mink and Haldane, Mink and Luong and Mink and Han-Levenspiel. Therefore, these particular models are used for modeling the batch processes.

Melanin determination by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for K. marxianus

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Ultraviolet light (UV) mutated K. marxianus was found to turn dark brown during a growth assay. This brown color was hypothesized to be melanin overproduction influenced by the UV exposure. Cell cultures were oxidized and HPLC analyzed to determine melanin concentrations. The resulting melanin con...

A new search for thermotolerant yeasts, its characterization and optimization using response surface methodology for ethanol production.

Science.gov (United States)

Arora, Richa; Behera, Shuvashish; Sharma, Nilesh K; Kumar, Sachin

2015-01-01

The progressive rise in energy crisis followed by green house gas (GHG) emissions is serving as the driving force for bioethanol production from renewable resources. Current bioethanol research focuses on lignocellulosic feedstocks as these are abundantly available, renewable, sustainable and exhibit no competition between the crops for food and fuel. However, the technologies in use have some drawbacks including incapability of pentose fermentation, reduced tolerance to products formed, costly processes, etc. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of isolating hexose and pentose fermenting thermophilic/thermotolerant ethanologens with acceptable product yield. Two thermotolerant isolates, NIRE-K1 and NIRE-K3 were screened for fermenting both glucose and xylose and identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus NIRE-K1 and K. marxianus NIRE-K3. After optimization using Face-centered Central Composite Design (FCCD), the growth parameters like temperature and pH were found to be 45.17°C and 5.49, respectively for K. marxianus NIRE-K1 and 45.41°C and 5.24, respectively for K. marxianus NIRE-K3. Further, batch fermentations were carried out under optimized conditions, where K. marxianus NIRE-K3 was found to be superior over K. marxianus NIRE-K1. Ethanol yield (Y x∕s ), sugar to ethanol conversion rate (%), microbial biomass concentration (X) and volumetric product productivity (Q p ) obtained by K. marxianus NIRE-K3 were found to be 9.3, 9.55, 14.63, and 31.94% higher than that of K. marxianus NIRE-K1, respectively. This study revealed the promising potential of both the screened thermotolerant isolates for bioethanol production.

A new search for thermotolerant yeasts, its characterization and optimization using response surface methodology for ethanol production

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Richa eArora

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The progressive rise in energy crisis followed by green house gas (GHG emissions is serving as the driving force for bioethanol production from renewable resources. Current bioethanol research focuses on lignocellulosic feedstocks as these are abundantly available, renewable, sustainable and exhibit no competition between the crops for food and fuel. However, the technologies in use have some drawbacks including incapability of pentose fermentation, reduced tolerance to products formed, costly processes, etc. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of isolating hexose and pentose fermenting thermophilic/ thermotolerant ethanologens with acceptable product yield. Two thermotolerant isolates, NIRE-K1 and NIRE-K3 were screened for fermenting both glucose and xylose and identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus NIRE-K1 and K. marxianus NIRE-K3. After optimization using FCCD (Face-centered Central Composite Design, the growth parameters like temperature and pH were found to be 45.17 oC and 5.49, respectively for K. marxianus NIRE-K1 and 45.41 oC and 5.24, respectively for K. marxianus NIRE-K3. Further, batch fermentations were carried out under optimized conditions, where K. marxianus NIRE-K3 was found to be superior over K. marxianus NIRE-K1. Ethanol yield (Yx/s, sugar to ethanol conversion rate (%, microbial biomass concentration (X and volumetric product productivity (Qp obtained by K. marxianus NIRE-K3 were found to be 9.3%, 9.55%, 14.63% and 31.94% higher than that of K. marxianus NIRE-K1, respectively. This study revealed the promising potential of both the screened thermotolerant isolates for bioethanol production.

Kinetics of ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke juice with some Klugveromyces species

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duvnjak, Z.; Kosaric, N.; Hayes, R.D.

1981-01-01

The kinetics of ethanol produce by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 12708 and ATCC 10606, K. cicerisporus ATCC 22295, and K. fragilis 105 have been studied using raw juice of the Jerusalem artichoke in which the carbohydrates were not hydrolyzed prior to fermentation. The experiments revealed that this juice contains enough nutrients and can serve as a complete medium without additional nutrients both for growth of the yeasts and for ethanol production. It was found that both specific ethanol productivity and specific uptake rates were the highest with K. marxianus ATCC 12708 (1.68 g/g/hour and 3.78 g/g/hour respectively). This microorganism produced an ethanol yield of 87.5% of the theoretical value in 25 hours. (Refs. 15).

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts protect against epithelial cell barrier disruption induced by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Smith, Ida Mosbech; Baker, A; Arneborg, Nils

2015-01-01

distinct patterns of non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function. While the established probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii increased TER across a Caco-2 monolayer by 30%, Kluyveromyces marxianus exhibited significantly stronger properties of TER enhancement (50% TER increase....... In addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species. The aim of this study was to explore non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function in vitro. Benchmarking against established probiotic strains, we evaluated the ability......). In addition, our data demonstrate significant yeast-mediated modulation of Salmonella-induced epithelial cell barrier disruption and identify K. marxianus and Metschnikowia gruessii as two non-Saccharomyces yeasts capable of protecting human epithelial cells from pathogen invasion. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT...

A Preliminary Study of Europium Uptake by Yeast Cells. The Case of Kluveromyces Marxianus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anagnostopoulos, V.; Symeopoulos, B.

2008-01-01

The objective of the present work is an exploration of a cost effective recovery of lanthanides, either for minimizing the industrial processes losses, or for reasons related to Radioactive Waste Management. Specifically, the uptake of europium from aqueous solutions by Kluveromyces marxianus cells was studied. Moreover, this biotechnological approach turns out to be environmental friendly, considering that cells of Kluveromyces marxianus are readily available as wastes from food fermentation industries. Europium [ 152 Eu+ 154 Eu]-labelled solutions were used providing better accuracy and reproducibility of measurements, mainly in low concentration range. The effect of pH, contact time and europium initial concentration were investigated. Adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models and Scatchard plots were used to reveal the existence of at least two types of binding sites

Evaluation of Galactose Adapted Yeasts for Bioethanol Fermentation from Kappaphycus alvarezii Hydrolyzates.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Trung Hau; Ra, Chae Hun; Sunwoo, In Yung; Jeong, Gwi-Taek; Kim, Sung-Koo

2016-07-28

Bioethanol was produced from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed biomass using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Pretreatment was evaluated for 60 min at 121°C using 12% (w/v) biomass slurry with 364 mM H2SO4. Enzymatic saccharification was then carried out at 45°C for 48 h using Celluclast 1.5 L. Ethanol fermentation with 12% (w/v) K. alvarezii hydrolyzate was performed using the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC1126, Kluyveromyces marxianus KCTC7150, and Candida lusitaniae ATCC42720 with or without prior adaptation to high concentrations of galactose. When non-adapted S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus, and C. lusitaniae were used, 11.5 g/l, 6.7 g/l, and 6.0 g/l of ethanol were produced, respectively. When adapted S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus, and C. lusitaniae were used, 15.8 g/l, 11.6 g/l, and 13.4 g/l of ethanol were obtained, respectively. The highest ethanol concentration was 15.8 g/l, with YEtOH = 0.43 and YT% = 84.3%, which was obtained using adapted S. cerevisiae.

Phytase-producing capacity of yeasts isolated from traditional African fermented food products and PHYPk gene expression of Pichia kudriavzevii strains

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Greppi, Anna; Krych, Lukasz; Costantini, Antonella

2015-01-01

Phytate is known as a strong chelate of minerals causing their reduced uptake by the human intestine. Ninety-three yeast isolates from traditional African fermented food products, belonging to nine species (Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Kluyveromyces...... marxianus, Millerozyma farinosa, Candida glabrata, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Debaryomyces nepalensis) were screened for phytase production on solid and liquid media. 95% were able to grow in the presence of phytate as sole phosphate source, P. kudriavzevii being the best...

The properties of Kluyveromyces lactis for the production of D ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Production of D-arabitol from lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis NBRC 1903 was investigated to make a solution for utilization of whey. It turned out that initial concentration of yeast extract, working volume and initial cell mass concentration are important factors in D-arabitol production from lactose by this strain.

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts protect against epithelial cell barrier disruption induced by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, I M; Baker, A; Arneborg, N; Jespersen, L

2015-11-01

The human gastrointestinal epithelium makes up the largest barrier separating the body from the external environment. Whereas invasive pathogens cause epithelial barrier disruption, probiotic micro-organisms modulate tight junction regulation and improve epithelial barrier function. In addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species. The aim of this study was to explore non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function in vitro. Benchmarking against established probiotic strains, we evaluated the ability of four nonpathogenic yeast species to modulate transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) across a monolayer of differentiated human colonocytes (Caco-2 cells). Further, we assessed yeast modulation of a Salmonella Typhimurium-induced epithelial cell barrier function insult. Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function. While the established probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii increased TER across a Caco-2 monolayer by 30%, Kluyveromyces marxianus exhibited significantly stronger properties of TER enhancement (50% TER increase). In addition, our data demonstrate significant yeast-mediated modulation of Salmonella-induced epithelial cell barrier disruption and identify K. marxianus and Metschnikowia gruessii as two non-Saccharomyces yeasts capable of protecting human epithelial cells from pathogen invasion. This study demonstrates distinct patterns of non-Saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier function in vitro. Further, our data demonstrate significant yeast-mediated modulation of Salmonella Typhimurium-induced epithelial cell barrier disruption and identify Kluyveromyces marxianus and Metschnikowia gruessii as two non-Saccharomyces yeasts capable of protecting human epithelial cells from pathogen invasion. This study is the first to demonstrate significant non-Saccharomyces yeast

Proceso de sacarificación y fermentación simultáneas para la conversión de la fracción celulósica del residuo de la extracción del aceite de oliva en etanol

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Ballesteros, M.

2002-09-01

Full Text Available In this work, the residue generated in the new two-step centrifugation process for olive oil extraction is assessed for the production of bioethanol. Both olive pulp and fragmented stones fractions comprised in such residue are analyzed and tested at laboratory scale for bioconversion to ethanol by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF process. Firstly, optima conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis step of steam-exploded pretreated sustrates were determined. Then, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process was assayed using the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in different assay conditions. For the selected conditions, 9 kg of unpretreated pulp or 6 kg of pretreated fragmented stones (both based on dry matter would be necessary to obtain 1 liter of ethanol.En el presente trabajo se estudia la producción de etanol-combustible a partir de la celulosa contenida en las distintas fracciones (pulpa y fragmentos de huesos que componen el residuo de la extracción de aceite de oliva mediante un proceso en dos fases. El trabajo ha consistido en una caracterización de las dos fracciones y en el estudio de la producción de etanol mediante un proceso de hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación simultáneas (SFS, a escala de laboratorio. Se ha estudiado el efecto que un pretratamiento termomecánico de explosión a vapor, previo a la etapa de hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación, tiene sobre la acción del complejo celulolítico. Por último, se han determinado las condiciones óptimas de ensayo para la sacarificación y fermentación simultáneas utilizando una cepa termotolerante de Kluyveromyces marxianus. En las condiciones de ensayo óptimas, serían necesarios 9 kg. de pulpa o 6 kg. de hueso pretratado (ambos sobre peso seco, para obtener 1 litro de etanol.

The properties of Kluyveromyces lactis for the production of D ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2010-08-02

Aug 2, 2010 ... Production of D-arabitol from lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis NBRC 1903 was investigated to make a solution for ... lactose and are characterized by high biological oxygen demand ... to calculate cell mass concentration (X). One unit of .... cultures, time required for the complete conversion of lactose in ...

Effect of multiple substrates in ethanol fermentations from cheese whey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, C J; Jayanata, Y; Bajpai, R K

1987-01-01

Ethanol fermentations from cheese whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 397 were investigated. Cheese whey, which contains lactose as the major sugar, has been found to have small amounts of glucose and galactose, depending on the source and operating conditions. Fermentation performance was strongly influenced by the presence of glucose and galactose. However, lactose did not significantly affect the cell growth and product formation even at a high concentration. A logistical model was proposed to take into account the effect of lactose. (Refs. 6).

Optimization studies for the bioconversion of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to ethanol and microbial biomass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Margaritis, A.; Bajpai, P.; Cannell, E.

1981-01-01

A total of 8 yeast and other microbial cultures were grown in the extract derived from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and screened according to the following optimization criteria: rates and yields of ethanol production, rates and yields of biomass production, and percent of original sugars utilized during fermentation. Batch growth kinetic parameters were also determined for the cultures studied. Kluyveromyces marxianus UCD (FST) 55-82 had the highest specific growth rate, 0.41/h, with a high ethanol yield, 88% of theoretical.

Feasibility of biohydrogen production from industrial wastes using defined microbial co-culture

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Peng Chen

2015-01-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The development of clean or novel alternative energy has become a global trend that will shape the future of energy. In the present study, 3 microbial strains with different oxygen requirements, including Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D, were used to construct a hydrogen production system that was composed of a mixed aerobic-facultative anaerobic-anaerobic consortium. The effects of metal ions, organic acids and carbohydrate substrates on this system were analyzed and compared using electrochemical and kinetic assays. It was then tested using small-scale experiments to evaluate its ability to convert starch in 5 L of organic wastewater into hydrogen. For the one-step biohydrogen production experiment, H1 medium (nutrient broth and potato dextrose broth was mixed directly with GAM broth to generate H2 medium (H1 medium and GAM broth. Finally, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D of three species microbial co-culture to produce hydrogen under anaerobic conditions. For the two-step biohydrogen production experiment, the H1 medium, after cultured the microbial strains Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D, was centrifuged to remove the microbial cells and then mixed with GAM broth (H2 medium. Afterward, the bacterial strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was inoculated into the H2 medium to produce hydrogen by anaerobic fermentation. RESULTS: The experimental results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for the small-scale fermentative hydrogen production system were at pH 7.0, 35°C, a mixed medium, including H1 medium and H2 medium with 0.50 mol/L ferrous chloride, 0.50 mol/L magnesium sulfate, 0.50 mol/L potassium chloride, 1% w/v citric acid, 5% w/v fructose and 5% w/v glucose. The overall hydrogen production efficiency in the shake flask fermentation group was 33.7 m

VARIAÇÕES NA MICROBIOTA LEVEDURIFORME DO FERMENTO ENDÓGENO UTILIZADO NA PRODUÇÃO DO QUEIJO CANASTRA

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Juliana E. Nóbrega

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Variações na microbiota leveduriforme presente no fermento endógeno utilizado para fabricação do queijo Canastra foram avaliadas no período das águas (PA e no período da seca (PS. O queijo Canastra é produzido na região da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, de forma artesanal a partir de leite cru de vaca e utiliza como cultura iniciadora um fermento endógeno obtido após prensagem e salga do queijo. Um total de 115 estirpes foram isoladas de 16 amostras do fermento endógeno coletadas em 8 unidades produtoras nos dois períodos amostrados e identificadas pela metodologia tradicional e pelo sistema API C 20 AUX. As espécies de leveduras predominantes no PA foram Debaryomyces hansenii, Torulaspora delbruekii e Kluyveromyces lactis. No PS, predominaram as espécies Kluyveromyces lactis, Torulaspora delbruekii e Kluyveromyces marxianus. Os resultados demonstram que as espécies leveduriformes presentes no fermento endógeno da Serra da Canastra, nos dois períodos avaliados, são basicamente as mesmas, variando a freqüência com as quais ocorrem.

Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts associated with gowé production from sorghum in Bénin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vieira-Dalodé, G.; Jespersen, Lene; Hounhouigan, J.

2007-01-01

confusa, Lactobacillus mucosae, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Weissella kimchii. DNA from 200 strains of yeasts was amplified and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene was sequenced for selected isolates, revealing that the yeasts species were Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia...... at different fermentation times. DNA amplification by internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction of 288 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of selected strains revealed that the dominant LAB responsible for gowé fermentation were Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella...

Evaluation of the parameters effects on the bio-ethanol production process from Ricotta Cheese Whey

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sansonetti, Sascha; Curcio, Stefano; Calabrò, Vincenza

2010-01-01

composite design, constituted by 26 runs, has been carried out, and the effects of the parameters have been evaluated. Eventually, once eliminated the negligible effects, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to optimize the four parameters values in RCW fermentation process. After......The work consists of an experimental analysis to evaluate the effects of the variables temperature (T), pH, agitation rate (K) and initial lactose concentration (L) on the batch fermentation process of Ricotta Cheese Whey (RCW) into bio-ethanol by using the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. A central...

Fructanase and fructosyltransferase activity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from fermenting musts of Mezcal.

Science.gov (United States)

Arrizon, Javier; Morel, Sandrine; Gschaedler, Anne; Monsan, Pierre

2012-04-01

Fructanase and fructosyltransferase are interesting for the tequila process and prebiotics production (functional food industry). In this study, one hundred thirty non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from "Mezcal de Oaxaca" were screened for fructanase and fructosyltransferase activity. On solid medium, fifty isolates grew on Agave tequilana fructans (ATF), inulin or levan. In liquid media, inulin and ATF induced fructanase activities of between 0.02 and 0.27U/ml depending of yeast isolate. High fructanase activity on sucrose was observed for Kluyveromyces marxianus and Torulaspora delbrueckii, while the highest fructanase activity on inulin and ATF was observed for Issatchenkia orientalis, Cryptococcus albidus, and Candida apicola. Zygosaccharomyces bisporus and Candida boidinii had a high hydrolytic activity on levan. Sixteen yeasts belonging to K. marxianus, T. delbrueckii and C. apicola species were positive for fructosyltransferase activity. Mezcal microbiota proved to showed to be a source for new fructanase and fructosyltransferases with potential application in the tequila and food industry. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of yeast and bacteria involved in the mezcal fermentation of Agave salmiana.

Science.gov (United States)

Escalante-Minakata, P; Blaschek, H P; Barba de la Rosa, A P; Santos, L; De León-Rodríguez, A

2008-06-01

To identify the yeast and bacteria present in the mezcal fermentation from Agave salmiana. The restriction and sequence analysis of the amplified region, between 18S and 28S rDNA and 16S rDNA genes, were used for the identification of yeast and bacteria, respectively. Eleven different micro-organisms were identified in the mezcal fermentation. Three of them were the following yeast: Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia fermentans and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The bacteria found were Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis and Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae, Weissella cibaria, Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus farraginis. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS sequences showed that microbial diversity present in mezcal is dominated by bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria species and Zymomonas mobilis. Pichia fermentans and K. marxianus could be micro-organisms with high potential for the production of some volatile compounds in mezcal. We identified the community of bacteria and yeast present in mezcal fermentation from Agave salmiana.

EVALUATION OF INHIBITORY MEASURES FOR FOOD SPOILER YEAST CANDIDA KRUSEI DURING FERMENTATION PROCESS BY CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND NANOPARTICLE APPROACHES

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Indrani Bhattacharya

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Screening of chemical, biochemical and biomolecule-nanoparticle methods for the inhibition of Candida krusei were evaluated without hampering the growth of dairy yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. The effective inhibition was observed with the help of H2O2, Williopsis saturnus, at specific combination of pH and temperature (pH 5.0 and 40 °C and Ag-KT4561 nanoparticles among the various methods used. However, the most efficient inhibition was observed with Ag-KT4561 nanoparticles. In general H2O2 works best at pH range 4.0 to 10.0 and at temperature 30 °C or above. H2O2 concentration of 4000 ppm at 45 °C and pH 5.5 exhibited significant inhibition of C. krusei, while K. marxianus remains unaffected. But, when used with lyophilized supernatant of W. saturnus, 2400 ppm H2O2 was effective. Further, nanoparticle with silver was synthesized to reduce the quantity of killer protein and enhance the efficiency of protein. Complete inhibition of C. krusei was observed at 350 µM of synthesized silver nano-particle (AgNPs of the killer protein from W. saturnus, with little effect on K. marxianus concentration. A stability test confirms the effect of protein silver nanoparticles on C. krusei for more than 20 weeks without any change in pH and temperature. Thus, the nanoparticles could be potentially used for inhibition of C. krusei without affecting the growth of K. marxianus and the process could be run non-aseptically.

Study of the transgalactosylation activity of ß-galactosidase from a new strain Kluyveromyces lactis 3

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ILIA ILIEV

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Beta-galactosidase (EC.3.2.1.23 is an important enzyme industrially used for the hydrolysis of lactose from milk and milk whey for several applications. Lately, the importance of this enzyme was enhanced by its galactosyltransferase activity, which is responsible for synthesis of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides that act as prebiotics with several beneficial effects on the consumers. ß-Galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces lactis 3 was studied in shake flask culture. The highest enzymatic activity was obtained at 10-th hour of the fermentation. The optimum temperature for transferase activity was 50°C. When incubated with 30% lactose in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0 the enzyme can synthesize up to 41% galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS. β-Galactosidase from strain Kluyveromyces lactis 3 produces mainly oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP 6 at 40°C and with DP 3 at 50°C.

Batch cultivation of kluyveromyces fragilis in cheese whey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beausejour, D; Leduy, A; Ramalho, R S

1981-01-01

Kluyveromyces fragilis was cultivated batchwise in an open pond rectangular bioreactor at 30 degrees Celcius with aeration, under non-sterile conditions and uncontrolled pH. The culture medium contained 7% cheese whey powder, 0.25% KH2PO4, and 0.5% (NH4)2SO4 and was adjusted to an initial pH of 4.0 with H3PO4. The lactose was almost completely consumed after 16 hours and COD reduction attained 80% after 64 hours. The maximum suspended solids concentration obtained was 11.7 g/L. The cheese whey which had initially low protein and high lactose contents was converted by this system into a high protein and low lactose carbohydrate product.

Ecosystème fromager : de l'étude du métabolisme du soufre chez Kluyveromyces lactis et Yarrowia lipolytica à l'interaction entre Kluyveromyces lactis et Brevibacterium aurantiacum

OpenAIRE

Hébert , Agnès

2010-01-01

Sulphur metabolism, which has a central role in the cell, is also important during the manufacturing of smear ripened cheeses. The cheese ecosystem degrades sulphur aminoacids, producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) indispensable for the flavour of these products. We studied sulphur metabolism in two cheese-ripening microorganisms, the hemiascomycetous yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica. The in silico analysis of the phylum of hemiascomycetes gave us for the first time a...

Ecosystème fromager : de l'étude du métabolisme du soufre chez Kluyveromyces lactis et Yarrowia lipolytica à l'interaction entre Kluyveromyces lactis et Brevibacterium aurantiacum

OpenAIRE

Hebert , Agnès

2010-01-01

Sulphur metabolism, which has a central role in the cell, is also important during the manufacturing of smear ripened cheeses. The cheese ecosystem degrades sulphur amino acids, producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) indispensable for the flavour of these products. We studied sulphur metabolism in two cheese-ripening microorganisms, the hemiascomycetous yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica. The in silico analysis of the phylum of hemiascomycetes gave us for the first time ...

Batch cultivation of kluyveromyces fragilis in cheese whey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beausejour, D; Leduy, A; Ramalho, R S

1981-08-01

Kluyveromyces fragilis was cultivated batchwise in an open pond rectangular bioreactor at 30 degrees Centigrade, 2vvm of aeration, under non-sterile conditions and uncontrolled pH. The culture medium contained 7% cheese whey powder, 0.25% KH/sub 2/PO/sub 4/, 0.5% (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and was adjusted to an initial pH of 4.0 with phosphoric acid. The lactose was almost completely consumed after 16 hours and COD reduction attained 80% after 64 hours. The maximum suspended solids concentration obtained was 11.7 g/L. The cheese whey which had initially low protein and high lactose contents was converted by this system into a high protein and low lactose carbohydrate product. (Refs. 26).

Productivity and fermentability of Jerusalem artichoke according to harvesting date

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chabbert, N.; Arnoux, M.; Braun, Ph.; Galzy, P.; Guiraud, J.P.

1983-01-01

The amount of alcohol obtained per hectare of Jerusalem artichoke culture depends on the yield of tubers, the sugar content of the tubers and the fermentability of these sugars. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the cultivar 'Violet commun' attained its maximum tuber production by 15 November, when the stems and leaves dried up, and then remained constant through the winter. The sugar content of the tubers varied little during this period. However, the sugar composition did vary with time: the polyfructosans were depolymerized. The fermentability of sugars without prior chemical hydrolysis was quite good with Kluyveromyces marxianus which showed high inulinase activity in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Productivity and fermentability of Jerusalem artichoke according to harvesting date

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chabbert, N.; Braun, P.; Guiraud, J.P.; Arnoux, M.; Galzy, P.

1983-01-01

The amount of alcohol obtained per hectare of Jerusalem artichoke culture depends on the yield of tubers, the sugar content of the tubers and the fermentability of these sugars. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the cultivar Violet commun attained its maximum tuber production by 15 November, when the stems and leaves dried up, and then remained constant through the winter. The sugar content of the tubers varied little during this period. However, the sugar composition did vary with time: the polyfructosans were depolymerized. The fermentability of sugars without prior chemical hydrolysis was quite good with Kluyveromyces marxianus which showed high inulinase activity in contrast to Saccaromyces cerevisiae. 5 figures, 1 table.

Productivity and fermentability of Jerusalem artichoke according to harvesting date

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chabbert, M.; Braunt, Ph.; Guiraud, J.P.; Arnoux, M.; Galzy, P.

1983-01-01

The amount of alcohol obtained per hectare of Jerusalem artichoke culture depends on the yield of tubers, the sugar content of the tubers and the fermentability of these sugars. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, the cultivar 'Violet commun' attained its maximum tuber production by 15 November, when the stems and leaves dried up, and then remained constant through the winter. The sugar content of the tubers varied little during this period. However, the sugar composition did vary with time: the polyfructosans were depolymerized. The fermentability of sugars without prior chemical hydrolysis was quite good with Kluyveromyces marxianus which showed high inulinase activity in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Refs. 13).

Screening of native yeast from Agave duranguensis fermentation for isoamyl acetate production

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Gerardo Hernández-Carbajal

2013-06-01

Full Text Available In this work, fifty yeast strains, isolated from the spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of Agave duranguensis to produce mezcal, were tested using the double coupling system. These yeasts were from the genera Pichia, Torulaspora, Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Deckera, Hanseniaspora, and Candida. P. fermentans ITD00165 was the best isoamyl acetate producer, yielding 0.38 g/L of ester after incubation for 24 h, while K. marxianus ITD00211 produced 0.32 g/L of ester. Thus P. fermentans TD00165 could be considered as an excellent choice for use in optimization studies of the culture medium and bioreactor operating conditions to develop a process for biotechnological production of isoamyl acetate.

Isolation of a Kluyveromyces fragilis derepressed mutant hyperproducer of inulinase for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourgi, J.; Guirand, J.P.; Galzy, P.

1986-01-01

A paritally derepressed mutant of Kluyveromyces fragilis showing hyperproduction of inulinase was isolated by means of ethylmethanesulfonate mutation followed by a 2-deoxyglucose selection. This mutant is suitable for the fermentation of inulin and Jerusalem artichoke extracts containing large amounts of inulin high polyfructosans type (early extracts).

Síntese de galacto-oligossacarídeos a partir de lactose usando β-galactosidase comercial de Kluyveromyces lactis Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides from lactose using commercial β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis

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Cristiane Reinaldo Lisboa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência de parâmetros reacionais na obtenção via enzimática de galacto-oligossacarídeos (GOS, utilizando-se a enzima comercial β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactozym® 3000 L, tendo como substrato a lactose. Foi proposto um planejamento experimental 2³, verificando a influência da temperatura (30 a 40 °C, da concentração de lactose (200 a 400 mg.mL-1 e da concentração de enzima (5 a 10 U.mL-1 no desempenho da reação enzimática. Os ensaios foram conduzidos a 180 rpm e pH 7,0 (tampão fosfato de sódio 0,1 M. A enzima Lactozym® 3000 L apresentou atividade de transgalactosilação, tendo sido atingido rendimento do processo igual a 41,9% e concentração de GOS de 167,5 mg.mL-1 no sistema reacional composto por 400 mg.mL-1 de lactose e 5 U.mL-1 de enzima a 30 °C em 14 h de reação. Nessa condição, a conversão de lactose foi de 65,0%. Maior concentração de lactose foi favorável ao mecanismo de transgalactosilação, enquanto que, em menores concentrações, o mecanismo hidrolítico predominou.The main goal of this work was to study the influence of the reaction parameters on the enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS using the commercial β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactozym® 3000 L and lactose as the substrate. A 2³ experimental design was proposed, verifying the influence of the temperature (30 to 40 °C, lactose concentration (200 to 400 mg.mL-1 and enzyme concentration (5 to 10 U.mL-1 on the performance of the enzymatic reaction. The assays were carried out at 180 rpm and pH 7.0 (0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. The enzyme Lactozym® 3000 L presented transgalactosylation activity, reaching a yield of 41.9% and GOS concentration of 167.5 mg.mL-1 in a reaction system composed of 400 mg.mL-1 of lactose and 5 U.mL-1 of enzyme at 30 °C and 14 h of reaction. Under these conditions the lactose conversion was 65.0%. Higher lactose concentrations

Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from cashew apple bagasse pretreated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide.

Science.gov (United States)

da Costa, Jessyca Aline; Marques, José Edvan; Gonçalves, Luciana Rocha Barros; Rocha, Maria Valderez Ponte

2015-03-01

The effect of combinations and ratios between different enzymes has been investigated in order to assess the optimal conditions for hydrolysis of cashew apple bagasse pretreated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (the solids named CAB-AHP). The separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes were evaluated in the ethanol production. The enzymatic hydrolysis conducted with cellulase complex and β-glucosidase in a ratio of 0.61:0.39, enzyme loading of 30FPU/g(CAB-AHP) and 66CBU/g(CAB-AHP), respectively, using 4% cellulose from CAB-AHP, turned out to be the most effective conditions, with glucose and xylose yields of 511.68 mg/g(CAB-AHP) and 237.8 mg/g(CAB-AHP), respectively. Fermentation of the pure hydrolysate by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907 led to an ethanol yield of 61.8kg/ton(CAB), corresponding to 15 g/L ethanol and productivity of 3.75 g/( Lh). The ethanol production obtained for SSF process using K. marxianus ATCC 36907 was 18 g/L corresponding to 80% yield and 74.2kg/ton(CAB). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Utilization of inulin-containing waste in industrial fermentations to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, Stephen R; Qureshi, Nasib; López-Núñez, Juan Carlos; Jones, Marjorie A; Jarodsky, Joshua M; Galindo-Leva, Luz Ángela; Lindquist, Mitchell R

2017-04-01

Inulins are polysaccharides that belong to an important class of carbohydrates known as fructans and are used by many plants as a means of storing energy. Inulins contain 20 to several thousand fructose units joined by β-2,1 glycosidic bonds, typically with a terminal glucose unit. Plants with high concentrations of inulin include: agave, asparagus, coffee, chicory, dahlia, dandelion, garlic, globe artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke, jicama, onion, wild yam, and yacón. To utilize inulin as its carbon and energy source directly, a microorganism requires an extracellular inulinase to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds to release fermentable monosaccharides. Inulinase is produced by many microorganisms, including species of Aspergillus, Kluyveromyces, Penicillium, and Pseudomonas. We review various inulinase-producing microorganisms and inulin feedstocks with potential for industrial application as well as biotechnological efforts underway to develop sustainable practices for the disposal of residues from processing inulin-containing crops. A multi-stage biorefinery concept is proposed to convert cellulosic and inulin-containing waste produced at crop processing operations to valuable biofuels and bioproducts using Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as thermochemical treatments.

Enzyme activity of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae on simulated conditions of human gastrointestinal system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandra Bosso

2015-09-01

 capacidade de hidrólise de β-galactosidase produzida por Kluyveromyces lactis e Aspergillus oryzae simulando as condições do trato gastrintestinal humano. O teste foi realizado nas temperaturas ótimas de ação para cada enzima, 40 e 55°C, respectivamente, e na temperatura corpórea humana (37°C, nas concentrações de 1,5; 3,0 e 5,0 g/L para a enzima de Aspergillus oryzae ou mL/L para a de Kluyveromyces lactis. Na simulação da condição estomacal humana (pH 2, ambas enzimas foram totalmente inativadas. Quando as enzimas foram submetidas às condições simuladas do intestino delgado (pH 7,4, observou-se hidrólise da lactose, porém, a 37°C, a porcentagem foi menor do que a observada nas temperaturas ótimas de cada enzima. A enzima de K. lactis nas concentrações de 1,5; 3,0 e 5,0 mL/L apresentou hidrólise de 76,63%, 88,91% e 94,80% a 40°C e 55,99%, 80,91% e 81,53%, a 37°C, respectivamente. Nas concentrações 1,5; 3,0 e 5,0 g/L, a porcentagem de hidrólise pela enzima de A. oryzae a 55°C foi de 7,11%, 16,18% e 21,29%. Para esta enzima, nessas concentrações, a hidrólise obtida a 37°C foi 8,4%, 11,85% e de 16,43%. Sob condições intestinais simuladas, a enzima de K. lactis apresentou maior eficiência na hidrólise da lactose quando comparada à enzima de A. oryzae. Considerando-se as etapas avaliadas neste estudo, observa-se que é extremamente necessário o uso de um revestimento entérico em cápsulas de β-galactosidase, para que esta enzima seja liberada somente no intestino delgado, seu local de ação, não sofrendo, portanto, a ação do pH estomacal.Palavras-chave: Lactase. Hidrólise. Intolerância à lactose. Trato gastrintestinal.

Kluyveromyces aestuarii, a potential environmental quality indicator yeast for mangroves in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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F.V Araujo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Kluyveromyces aestuarii was found in sediments from 7 of 8 mangroves in Rio de Janeiro; and absent only at one site with heavy plastic bag pollution. Its presence suggests influence in other habitats from a mangrove and its absence in a mangrove suggests some non-fecal pollution or other habitat alteration.

Valorization of Pectin-rich Agroindustrial Wastes by Fermentation

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Manuel Serrat-Díaz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The search of the biotechnological ways to the integral use of the wastes generated by the coffee and citric agroindustries, is a current problem. The biotransformation of coffee pulp and orange mesocarp during aerobic and anoxic fermentation with the pectinolític yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCEBI 2011 was studied in this research. It was found that coffee pulp is a better substrate to yeast growth, which was evidenced throughout a better conversion of the carbon and energy source. The yeast used in 24 h the reducing and neutral sugars from substrates efficiently, either under aerobic or oxygen-limited cultures. The excretion of the polygalacturonase enzyme by the yeast lead to the increasing in the pectic substances extraction, which reached the 225 % and 33 % for coffee pulp and orange mesocarp, respectively, compared with the amounts which were extracted during substrates sterilization. The enzyme production by the microorganism presented not significantly differences in relation to the substrate used, but the contrary occurred with respect to glucose concentration in the medium. These results point to the promissory use of the K. marxianus CCEBI 2011 yeast strain in the valorization of pectin-rich agricultural wastes by means of their conversion in potential plant elicitors and prebiotics oligogalacturonides-based.

Characterization and stability of lactobacilli and yeast microbiota in kefir grains.

Science.gov (United States)

Vardjan, T; Mohar Lorbeg, P; Rogelj, I; Čanžek Majhenič, A

2013-05-01

Characterization and stability of lactobacilli and yeasts from kefir grains using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were investigated in this study. Culture-dependent analysis, followed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA for bacteria and 26S rRNA gene for yeasts, revealed 3 different species of lactobacilli and yeasts, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ssp. kefirgranum, Lb. parakefiri, and Lb. kefiri, whereas yeasts belonged to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania exigua, and Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae. This study is the first to report on the presence of R. kratochvilovae in kefir grains. On the other hand, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in the culture-independent method showed that the dominant microorganisms were Lb. kefiranofaciens ssp. kefirgranum, Kl. marxianus and Ka. exigua, but did not reveal bands corresponding to Lb. parakefiri, Lb. kefiri, or R. kratochvilovae. Our results support the necessity of combining more techniques for detailed and reliable study of microbial communities in kefir grains. Another interesting finding confirmed that the detected dominant microbiota of kefir grains is very stable and did not change over experimental time. This finding is important to ensure consistent product quality. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts associated with gowé production from sorghum in Bénin.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieira-Dalodé, G; Jespersen, L; Hounhouigan, J; Moller, P L; Nago, C M; Jakobsen, M

2007-08-01

To identify the dominant micro-organisms involved in the production of gowé, a fermented beverage, and to select the most appropriate species for starter culture development. Samples of sorghum gowé produced twice at three different production sites were taken at different fermentation times. DNA amplification by internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction of 288 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of selected strains revealed that the dominant LAB responsible for gowé fermentation were Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus mucosae, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Weissella kimchii. DNA from 200 strains of yeasts was amplified and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene was sequenced for selected isolates, revealing that the yeasts species were Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia anomala, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. Gowé processing is characterized by a mixed fermentation dominated by Lact. fermentum, W. confusa and Ped. acidilactici for the LAB and by K. marxianus, P. anomala and C. krusei for the yeasts. The diversity of the LAB and yeasts identified offers new opportunities for technology upgrading and products development in gowé production. The identified species can be used as possible starter for a controlled fermentation of gowé.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira-Rodríguez, Ángel; Fernández-Leiro, Rafael; González Siso, M. Isabel; Cerdán, M. Esperanza; Becerra, Manuel; Sanz-Aparicio, Julia

2010-01-01

β-Galactosidase from K. lactis has been expressed in S. cerevisiae, purified by affinity chromatography and crystallized in its native form. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis catalyses the hydrolysis of the β-galactosidic linkage in lactose. Owing to its many industrial applications, the biotechnological potential of this enzyme is substantial. This protein has been expressed in yeast and purified for crystallization trials. However, optimization of the best crystallization conditions yielded crystals with poor diffraction quality that precluded further structural studies. Finally, the crystal quality was improved using the streak-seeding technique and a complete diffraction data set was collected at 2.8 Å resolution

Solid phase fermentation of Helianthus tuberosus for ethanol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baerwald, G.; Hamad, S.H.

1989-01-01

The direct fermentation of pure inulin and hammer mill crushed Helianthus tuberosus tubers (topinambur, Jerusalem artichoke) was studied using two heat-tolerant yeasts, namely Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida kefyr. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included in the study so as to compare the yields of these two yeasts with that of a commercial distiller's yeast. The inulin fermentation was carried out in an 18-L bioreactor using the fed-batch and the batch-fermentation methods. The final ethanol concentration was 6.1% (L/L) which represents 82% of the theoretical yield. Commercial scale experiments with hammer mill crushed tubers gave yields lower than those found in the laboratory: 69% of the theoretical yield for direct fermentation without enzyme addition, and about 91% when cellolytic enzymes were added.

Impact of starter cultures and fermentation techniques on the volatile aroma and sensory profile of chocolate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Crafack, Michael; Keul, Hanna; Eskildsen, Carl Emil Aae

2014-01-01

cultures on the formation of flavour precursors, composition of volatile aroma compounds and sensory profile was investigated in cocoa inoculated with cultures encompassing a highly aromatic strain of Pichia kluyveri or a pectinolytic strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus, and compared to commercially...... fermented heap and tray cocoa. Although only minor differences in the concentration of free amino acids and reducing sugars was measured, identification and quantification by dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) revealed pronounced differences in the composition of volatiles...... in roasted cocoa liquors and finished chocolates. 19 of the 56 volatile compounds identified in the chocolates were found in significantly higher amounts in the tray fermented sample, whilst significantly higher amounts of 2-methoxyphenol was measured in the two inoculated chocolates. The P. kluyveri...

Use of continuous lactose fermentation for ethanol production by Kluveromyces marxianus for verification and extension of a biochemically structured model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sansonetti, S.; Hobley, Timothy John; Curcio, S.

2013-01-01

A biochemically structured model has been developed to describe the continuous fermentation of lactose to ethanol by Kluveromyces marxianus and allowed metabolic coefficients to be determined. Anaerobic lactose-limited chemostat fermentations at different dilution rates (0.02 – 0.35 h-1) were...... performed. Species specific rates of consumption/formation, as well as yield coefficients were determined. Ethanol yield (0.655 C-mol ethanol*C-mol lactose-1) was as high as 98 % of theoretical. The modeling procedure allowed calculation of maintenance coefficients for lactose consumption and ethanol...

Isolation, identification and characterization of yeasts from fermented goat milk of the Yaghnob Valley in Tajikistan

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Linnea Annie Qvirist

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The geographically isolated region of the Yaghnob Valley, Tajikistan, has allowed its inhabitants to maintain a unique culture and lifestyle. Their fermented goat milk constitutes one of the staple foods for the Yaghnob population, and is produced by backslopping, i.e. using the previous fermentation batch to inoculate the new one. This study addresses the yeast composition of the fermented milk, assessing genotypic and phenotypic properties.The 52 isolates included in this study revealed small species diversity, belonging to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one Kazachstania unispora. The K. marxianus strains showed two different genotypes, one of which never described previously. The two genetically different groups also differed significantly in several phenotypic characteristics, such as tolerance towards high temperatures, low pH, and presence of acid. Microsatellite analysis of the S. cerevisiae strains from this study, compared to 350 previously described strains, attributed the Yaghnobi S. cerevisiae to two different ancestry origins, both distinct from the wine and beer strains, and similar to strains isolated from human and insects faeces, suggesting a peculiar origin of these strains, and the existence of a gut reservoir for S. cerevisiae.Our work constitutes a foundation for strain selection for future applications as starter cultures in food fermentations. This work is the first ever on yeast diversity from fermented milk of the previously unexplored area of the Yaghnob Valley.

Microbiological and chemical properties of kefir manufactured by entrapped microorganisms isolated from kefir grains.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, T-H; Wang, S-Y; Chen, K-N; Liu, J-R; Chen, M-J

2009-07-01

In this study, various yeasts (Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces turicensis, Pichia fermentans) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactobacillus kefiri, Leuconostoc mesenteroides) were entrapped in 2 different microspheres using an entrapment ratio for the strains that was based on the distribution ratio of these organisms in kefir grains. The purpose of this study was to develop a new technique to produce kefir using immobilized starter cultures isolated from kefir grains. An increase in cell counts with fermentation cycles was observed for both the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts, whereas the cell counts of kefir grains were very stable during cultivation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the short-chain lactobacilli and lactococci occupied the surface of the LAB microspheres, whereas the long-chain lactobacilli were inside the microspheres. When the yeasts were analyzed, cells at a high density were entrapped in cracks on the surface and within the microspheres, where they were surrounded by the short-chain lactobacilli. The distribution of the LAB and yeast species in kefir produced from grains and microspheres showed that there was no significant difference between the kefirs produced by the 2 methods; moreover, Leu. mesenteroides and K. marxianus were the predominating microflora in both types of kefir. There was no significant difference in the ethanol and exopolysaccharide contents between the 2 kefirs, although the acidity was different.

Yeast communities associated with artisanal mezcal fermentations from Agave salmiana.

Science.gov (United States)

Verdugo Valdez, A; Segura Garcia, L; Kirchmayr, M; Ramírez Rodríguez, P; González Esquinca, A; Coria, R; Gschaedler Mathis, A

2011-11-01

The aims of this work were to characterize the fermentation process of mezcal from San Luis Potosi, México and identify the yeasts present in the fermentation using molecular culture-dependent methods (RFLP of the 5.8S-ITS and sequencing of the D1/D2 domain) and also by using a culture-independent method (DGGE). The alcoholic fermentations of two separate musts obtained from Agave salmiana were analyzed. Sugar, ethanol and major volatile compounds concentrations were higher in the first fermentation, which shows the importance of having a quality standard for raw materials, particularly in the concentration of fructans, in order to produce fermented Agave salmiana must with similar characteristics. One hundred ninety-two (192) different yeast colonies were identified, from those present on WL agar plates, by RFLP analysis of the ITS1-5.8S- ITS2 from the rRNA gene, with restriction endonucleases, HhaI, HaeIII and HinfI. The identified yeasts were: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia kluyveri, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Clavispora lusitaniae, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Candida ethanolica and Saccharomyces exiguus. These identifications were confirmed by sequencing the D1-D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene. With the PCR-DGGE method, bands corresponding to S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus and T. delbrueckii were clearly detected, confirming the results obtained with classic techniques.

Qualidade protéica do soro de leite fermentado pela levedura Kluyveromyces fragilis

OpenAIRE

Silva,Caio Abércio da; Hernan-Gomez,Raul Castro

2000-01-01

O soro de leite fermentado pela levedura Kluyveromyces fragilis, após secagem em spray drier, foi submetido à avaliação da qualidade protéica através de uma análise aminoacídica e de um estudo biológico pelos métodos: Relação da Eficiência Protéica (PER), Relação da Eficiência Líquida da Proteína (NPR) e Utilização Líquida da Proteína (NPU). Na análise aminoacídica, foram utilizadas como comparativo a composição de aminoácidos das proteínas padrão do ovo e da FAO. Os resultados indicaram um a...

Implementación de una línea de evaluación para subproductos agroindustriales como sustrato para la producción de bioetanol. Presacarificación-sacarificación/fermentación simultánea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary Lopretti

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El estudio de vías alternativas con mayores rendimientos y bajos costos es en estos días el foco de estudio en el tema Bioetanol, por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se utilizaron dos cepas de hongos filamentosos; Trichoderma harzianum y Pleurotus ostreatus, actuando en diferentes sustratos residuales; orujo de uva, aserrín y torta de girasol provenientes de diferentes industrias nacionales, con el fin de establecer un sistema de evaluación de procesos conjuntos para la producción de alcohol a partir de microorganismos lignocelulósicos. En el diseño de estudio se contemplan la realización de una Presacarificación, con el objetivo de predigerir los sustratos, de forma de homogeneizar los diferentes sustratos acortando de esta forma las etapas posteriores; una Sacarificación enzimática utilizando el extracto de celulasas fúngicas obtenidas por Fermentación semi sólida en el proceso de Presacarificación; y un proceso de Fermentación, el cual involucra un microorganismo termoestable; Kluyveromyces marxianus (NRRL Y-665, de tal forma que permita reunir los procesos de Sacarificación y Fermentación en forma simultánea.De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos podemos establecer que el sistema empleado de FSS previa presacarificación es un buen sistema para la producción de azúcares fermentables y alcohol. Los estudios comparativos realizados con diferentes sustratos demuestran que cuando el soporte es orujo de uva o torta de girasol, se utiliza un mayor porcentaje de los azúcares fermentables disponibles, aproximadamente un 50%. Los productos de degradación, resultado de la presacarificación, pueden afectar al microorganismo y actuar como potenciales inhibidores de la fermentación, por lo que es crítico realizar estudios que determinen estos productos de degradación y los mecanismos para su reducción. Podemos concluir que el sistema utilizado es efectivo para el almacenamiento de la biomasa en forma estable en el mismo

Yeast dynamics during spontaneous fermentation of mawe and tchoukoutou, two traditional products from Benin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Greppi, Anna; Rantisou, Kalliopi; Padonou, Wilfrid

2013-01-01

Mawe and tchoukoutou are two traditional fermented foods largely consumed in Benin, West Africa. Their preparations remain as a house art and they are the result of spontaneous fermentation processes. In this study, dynamics of the yeast populations occurring during spontaneous fermentations...... of mawe and tchoukoutou were investigated using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. For each product, two productions were followed. Samples were taken at different fermentation times and yeasts were isolated, resulting in the collection of 177 isolates. They were identified by the PCR......-DGGE technique followed by the sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene. The predominant yeast species identified were typed by rep-PCR. Candida krusei was the predominant yeast species in mawe fermentation followed by Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Other yeast species were detected...

Altered Fermentation Performances, Growth, and Metabolic Footprints Reveal Competition for Nutrients between Yeast Species Inoculated in Synthetic Grape Juice-Like Medium

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Stephanie Rollero

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The sequential inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape juice is becoming an increasingly popular practice to diversify wine styles and/or to obtain more complex wines with a peculiar microbial footprint. One of the main interactions is competition for nutrients, especially nitrogen sources, that directly impacts not only fermentation performance but also the production of aroma compounds. In order to better understand the interactions taking place between non-Saccharomyces yeasts and S. cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, sequential inoculations of three yeast species (Pichia burtonii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Zygoascus meyerae with S. cerevisiae were performed individually in a synthetic medium. Different species-dependent interactions were evidenced. Indeed, the three sequential inoculations resulted in three different behaviors in terms of growth. P. burtonii and Z. meyerae declined after the inoculation of S. cerevisiae which promptly outcompeted the other two species. However, while the presence of P. burtonii did not impact the fermentation kinetics of S. cerevisiae, that of Z. meyerae rendered the overall kinetics very slow and with no clear exponential phase. K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae both declined and became undetectable before fermentation completion. The results also demonstrated that yeasts differed in their preference for nitrogen sources. Unlike Z. meyerae and P. burtonii, K. marxianus appeared to be a competitor for S. cerevisiae (as evidenced by the uptake of ammonium and amino acids, thereby explaining the resulting stuck fermentation. Nevertheless, the results suggested that competition for other nutrients (probably vitamins occurred during the sequential inoculation of Z. meyerae with S. cerevisiae. The metabolic footprint of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts determined after 48 h of fermentation remained until the end of fermentation and combined with that of S. cerevisiae. For

Altered Fermentation Performances, Growth, and Metabolic Footprints Reveal Competition for Nutrients between Yeast Species Inoculated in Synthetic Grape Juice-Like Medium

Science.gov (United States)

Rollero, Stephanie; Bloem, Audrey; Ortiz-Julien, Anne; Camarasa, Carole; Divol, Benoit

2018-01-01

The sequential inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape juice is becoming an increasingly popular practice to diversify wine styles and/or to obtain more complex wines with a peculiar microbial footprint. One of the main interactions is competition for nutrients, especially nitrogen sources, that directly impacts not only fermentation performance but also the production of aroma compounds. In order to better understand the interactions taking place between non-Saccharomyces yeasts and S. cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation, sequential inoculations of three yeast species (Pichia burtonii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Zygoascus meyerae) with S. cerevisiae were performed individually in a synthetic medium. Different species-dependent interactions were evidenced. Indeed, the three sequential inoculations resulted in three different behaviors in terms of growth. P. burtonii and Z. meyerae declined after the inoculation of S. cerevisiae which promptly outcompeted the other two species. However, while the presence of P. burtonii did not impact the fermentation kinetics of S. cerevisiae, that of Z. meyerae rendered the overall kinetics very slow and with no clear exponential phase. K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae both declined and became undetectable before fermentation completion. The results also demonstrated that yeasts differed in their preference for nitrogen sources. Unlike Z. meyerae and P. burtonii, K. marxianus appeared to be a competitor for S. cerevisiae (as evidenced by the uptake of ammonium and amino acids), thereby explaining the resulting stuck fermentation. Nevertheless, the results suggested that competition for other nutrients (probably vitamins) occurred during the sequential inoculation of Z. meyerae with S. cerevisiae. The metabolic footprint of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts determined after 48 h of fermentation remained until the end of fermentation and combined with that of S. cerevisiae. For instance

Effect of the yeast and bacteria biomass on the microbiota in the rumen.

Science.gov (United States)

Vamanu, E; Vamanu, A; Popa, O; Vassu, Tatiana; Ghindea, Raluca; Pelinescu, Diana; Nita, Sultana; Babeanu, Narcisa

2008-09-15

This study aims at obtaining a probiotic product based on viable biomass from 6 yeast strains and 2 strains of lactic bacteria used for nutrition of animals. The strains are subjected to some resistance tests, at temperature, pH, pepsin, pancreatin and biliary salts so as to make obvious their viability. Tests were done by comparison to the witness strain and respectively a protective solution based on mucin and casein. Based on the resulted viabilities 2 products are formulated. Their effect is tested by inoculating fresh rumen content and supervising the microbic balance for a period of 12 days. After the final tests, it resulted that the product Fpl (20% Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1-29, 10% Kluyveromyces marxianus R-CS, 20% Issatchenkia orientalis R-BC, 30% Lactobacillus paracasei CMGB16, 20% Enterococcus faecium GM8) was chosen because anaerobic strains were preponderant as a consequence of the tests performed with rumen.

Evaluation of hardboard manufacturing process wastewater as a feedstream for ethanol production.

Science.gov (United States)

Groves, Stephanie; Liu, Jifei; Shonnard, David; Bagley, Susan

2013-07-01

Waste streams from the wood processing industry can serve as feedstream for ethanol production from biomass residues. Hardboard manufacturing process wastewater (HPW) was evaluated on the basis of monomeric sugar recovery and fermentability as a novel feedstream for ethanol production. Dilute acid hydrolysis, coupled with concentration of the wastewater resulted in a hydrolysate with 66 g/l total fermentable sugars. As xylose accounted for 53 % of the total sugars, native xylose-fermenting yeasts were evaluated for their ability to produce ethanol from the hydrolysate. The strains selected were, in decreasing order by ethanol yields from xylose (Y p/s, based on consumed sugars), Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785 (CBS 6054), Pachysolen tannophilus ATCC 60393, and Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 46537. The yeasts were compared on the basis of substrate utilization and ethanol yield during fermentations of the hydrolysate, measured using an HPLC. S. stipitis, P. tannophilus, and K. marxianus produced 0.34, 0.31, and 0.36 g/g, respectively. The yeasts were able to utilize between 58 and 75 % of the available substrate. S. stipitis outperformed the other yeast during the fermentation of the hydrolysate; consuming the highest concentration of available substrate and producing the highest ethanol concentration in 72 h. Due to its high sugar content and low inhibitor levels after hydrolysis, it was concluded that HPW is a suitable feedstream for ethanol production by S. stipitis.

β-1,3 Glucanases e quitinases: aplicação na lise de leveduras e inibição de fungos β-1,3 glucanases and chitinases: application in the yeast cell lysis and fungi inhibition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Francisco Fleuri

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, a aplicação de β-1,3 glucanases e quitinases da linhagem Cellulosimicrobium cellulans 191 na lise de leveduras e inibição de fungos, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental mostrou que as melhores condições para a lise de Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88 pela β-1,3 glucanase foi pH 6,5 e 35ºC. As células de leveduras incubadas por 10 h em frascos sem agitação mostraram-se mais susceptíveis à lise pela ação da enzima. Foi obtido maior lise da levedura quando a suspensão de células foi submetida ao tratamento com β-1,3 glucanase e cisteína 1mM. A enzima invertase intracelular ou ligada à célula de S. cerevisiae KL-88 e K. marxianus NCYC 587 foi extraída após tratamento da suspensão celular com β-1,3 glucanase, sendo que o tratamento prévio das leveduras com a enzima aumentou a susceptibilidade das células à lise com ultra-som. A preparação de quitinase foi capaz de formar halos de inibição de alguns fungos.The aim of this work was the application of β-1,3 glucanases and chitinases by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans 191 strain on yeast cell lysis and fungi inhibition, respectively. The experimental design study showed that the best conditions to Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88 lysis by β-1,3 glucanase extract were pH 6,5 and 35ºC. This study also demonstrated that the yeast cells were more susceptible to lysis after 10 h of cultivation in flasks without agitation. Lysis activity was increased when S. cerevisiae KL-88 cell suspension was treated with β-1,3 glucanase and cystein 1mM. The enzyme invertase of S. cerevisiae KL-88 and Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587 was extracted after treatment of cell suspension with β-1,3 glucanase and the previous treatment of yeasts with the enzyme, increased the susceptibility to lysis when ultrasonic treatment was used. The chitinase presented growth inhibition halos for some of the fungi.

Hydrolysis of lactose by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis: characterization of the enzyme Hidrólise da lactose pela β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis: caracterização da enzima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciette Matioli

2002-03-01

Full Text Available The β-galactosidase enzyme from Kluyveromyces fragilis was characterized in the soluble form using lactose 5% w/v found in skimmed powdered milk as substrate. Enzyme diluted 50 times hydrolyzed the lactose in batch reactor of 50 mL capacity. Enzyme activity and its activation energy were determined as a function of temperature and pH. Temperature ranged from 20 to 55ºC and pH from 5.5 to 8.0. Activation energy was 9.50 kcal/mol. The energy of deactivation was 33.74 kcal/mol. Although the enzyme presented a high specific activity at 45ºC and pH 6.5 (3.312 U/mg protein, values indicate that the best use of the enzymatic activity occur at 40ºC or below, with half-life higher than 12 hours. The activation energy increased proportionally to pH increase. Therefore, the activation energy depends on pH and varies according to the origin of the enzyme.A enzima β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis foi caracterizada na forma solúvel, utilizando como substrato, lactose 5% p/v presente no leite em pó desengordurado. A enzima, diluída 50 vezes, hidrolisou a lactose em reator batelada de 50 ml de capacidade. A atividade da enzima e sua energia de ativação foram determinadas em função da temperatura e pH. A faixa de temperatura analisada foi de 20 a 55ºC e de pH de 5,5 a 8,0. A energia de ativação foi de 9,50 kcal/mol. A energia de desativação foi de 33,74 kcal/mol. Embora a enzima tenha apresentado uma atividade específica alta a 45ºC e pH 6,5 (3,312 U/mg proteína, os valores obtidos indicam que o melhor aproveitamento da atividade enzimática se dá a 40ºC ou abaixo, com um tempo de meia-vida superior a 12 horas. A energia de ativação aumentou proporcionalmente com o aumento de pH. Portanto, a energia de ativação depende diretamente do pH da solução e varia com a origem da enzima.

Steam explosion treatment for ethanol production from branches pruned from pear trees by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sasaki, Chizuru; Okumura, Ryosuke; Asada, Chikako; Nakamura, Yoshitoshi

2014-01-01

This study investigated the production of ethanol from unutilized branches pruned from pear trees by steam explosion pretreatment. Steam pressures of 25, 35, and 45 atm were applied for 5 min, followed by enzymatic saccharification of the extracted residues with cellulase (Cellic CTec2). High glucose recoveries, of 93.3, 99.7, and 87.1%, of the total sugar derived from the cellulose were obtained from water- and methanol-extracted residues after steam explosion at 25, 35, and 45 tm, respectively. These values corresponded to 34.9, 34.3, and 27.1 g of glucose per 100 g of dry steam-exploded branches. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments were done on water-extracted residues and water- and methanol-extracted residues by Kluyveromyces marxianus NBRC 1777. An overall highest theoretical ethanol yield of 76% of the total sugar derived from cellulose was achieved when 100 g/L of water- and methanol-washed residues from 35 atm-exploded pear branches was used as substrate.

Production of fermented cheese whey-based beverage using kefir grains as starter culture: evaluation of morphological and microbial variations.

Science.gov (United States)

Magalhães, Karina Teixeira; Pereira, Maria Alcina; Nicolau, Ana; Dragone, Giuliano; Domingues, Lucília; Teixeira, José António; de Almeida Silva, João Batista; Schwan, Rosane Freitas

2010-11-01

Whey valorization concerns have led to recent interest on the production of whey beverage simulating kefir. In this study, the structure and microbiota of Brazilian kefir grains and beverages obtained from milk and whole/deproteinised whey was characterized using microscopy and molecular techniques. The aim was to evaluate its stability and possible shift of probiotic bacteria to the beverages. Fluorescence staining in combination with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy showed distribution of yeasts in macro-clusters among the grain's matrix essentially composed of polysaccharides (kefiran) and bacteria. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis displayed communities included yeast affiliated to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachatania unispora, bacteria affiliated to Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. Kefirgranum, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. Kefiranofaciens and an uncultured bacterium also related to the genus Lactobacillus. A steady structure and dominant microbiota, including probiotic bacteria, was detected in the analyzed kefir beverages and grains. This robustness is determinant for future implementation of whey-based kefir beverages.

High-temperature fermentation. How can processes for ethanol production at high temperatures become superior to the traditional process using mesophilic yeast?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdel-Banat, Babiker M.A.; Hoshida, Hisashi; Nonklang, Sanom; Akada, Rinji [Yamaguchi Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Ube (Japan). Dept. of Applied Molecular Bioscience; Ano, Akihiko [Iwata Chemical Co. Ltd. (Japan)

2010-01-15

The process of ethanol fermentation has a long history in the production of alcoholic drinks, but much larger scale production of ethanol is now required to enable its use as a substituent of gasoline fuels at 3%, 10%, or 85% (referred to as E3, E10, and E85, respectively). Compared with fossil fuels, the production costs are a major issue for the production of fuel ethanol. There are a number of possible approaches to delivering cost-effective fuel ethanol production from different biomass sources, but we focus in our current report on high-temperature fermentation using a newly isolated thermotolerant strain of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. We demonstrate that a 5 C increase only in the fermentation temperature can greatly affect the fuel ethanol production costs. We contend that this approach may also be applicable to the other microbial fermentations systems and propose that thermotolerant mesophilic microorganisms have considerable potential for the development of future fermentation technologies. (orig.)

Phytase-producing capacity of yeasts isolated from traditional African fermented food products and PHYPk gene expression of Pichia kudriavzevii strains.

Science.gov (United States)

Greppi, Anna; Krych, Łukasz; Costantini, Antonella; Rantsiou, Kalliopi; Hounhouigan, D Joseph; Arneborg, Nils; Cocolin, Luca; Jespersen, Lene

2015-07-16

Phytate is known as a strong chelate of minerals causing their reduced uptake by the human intestine. Ninety-three yeast isolates from traditional African fermented food products, belonging to nine species (Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Millerozyma farinosa, Candida glabrata, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Debaryomyces nepalensis) were screened for phytase production on solid and liquid media. 95% were able to grow in the presence of phytate as sole phosphate source, P. kudriavzevii being the best growing species. A phytase coding gene of P. kudriavzevii (PHYPk) was identified and its expression was studied during growth by RT-qPCR. The expression level of PHYPk was significantly higher in phytate-medium, compared to phosphate-medium. In phytate-medium expression was seen in the lag phase. Significant differences in gene expression were detected among the strains as well as between the media. A correlation was found between the PHYPk expression and phytase extracellular activity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of Germination and Fermentation on the Functionality of Whole Soy Flour

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Livia Patrascu

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Nutritional quality and technological performances of grains can be modulated through germination and controlled fermentation. The aim of the work was to estimate the effect of germination (72 h at 23oC and fermentation on the fundamental rheological properties of the soy flour based suspensions and sourdoughs, and to assess the bread making potential of the whole soy flours by considering the thermo-mechanical functionality of soy in admixture with white wheat flour. Soy flour based sourdough were prepared using three different starter cultures, consisting of mixtures of lactic acid bacteria like Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. brevis, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. casei, Lb. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium BB12®, and Streptococcus thermophilus and/or yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus subsp. Marxianus. The rheological behaviour of the suspensions and sourdoughs was influenced by the soy germination and fermentation processes. The stress sweep tests indicated significant narrowing of the linear viscoelastic regions, as well as the decrease of the stress values required for the beginning of flow. The temperature ramp test showed more intense swelling in case of the germinated and fermented samples. Both native and germinated soy flours were used to replace 15% of the wheat flour, and the Mixolab test indicated that the germination process caused the decrease of protein weakening and dough stability. The sourdoughs addition to the wheat flour resulted in significant changes of the thermo-mechanical properties of the dough. Properties related to stability of starch gel during heating, starch gelatinization and retrogradation depended on the type of starter culture used for fermentation.

EXTRACCIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LOS POLÍSACARIDOS DE LA PARED CELULAR DE LAS LEVADURAS

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Elba M. Alcázar V

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los polisacáridos de la pared celular de las levaduras, se dividen en: 1,3 B - gluc anos, 1,6 B - glucanos, manoproteínas y quitina. Estos componentes representan una fuente potencial de aplicaciones en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. Por lo tanto, p ara su extracción existen d iferentes protocolos, en donde para lograr la separación de los componentes de la pared se basan en su solubilidad en soluciones alcalinas y/o e n ácidos inorgánicos, que posteriormente son hidrolizados y usualmente cuantificado por técnicas espectrofotométricas con reactivos de fenol - ácido sulfúrico y/o con el reactivo de antrona . Algunas metodologías sólo extraen los componentes celulares en una fracción total, limitando su cuantificación y análisis para el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones en las industrias alimentaría y farmacéutica, mientras que otros método s dividen a la pared celular en sus tres componentes. No obstante, para su cuantificación y análisis utilizan metodologías extensas y complicadas . El objetivo del presente traba jo fue proponer un a metodología de extracción de la pared celular de dos cepas de levadura ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Kluyveromyces marxianus a través de una extracción alcalina , dividiendo en tres fracciones los componentes de la pared celular para su posterior cuantifica ción a partir de cromatografía de líquidos. Se encontró que las cepas de levadura empleadas presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas en la concentración de 1,3 B - glucanos, y que los rendimientos obtenidos en la extracción de la pared celular de am bas cepas de levadura son similares a los reportados en estudios previos. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que la extracción de la pared celular empleando esta metodología es confiable.

Synthesis of Galactosyl Mannitol Derivative Using β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis

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Klewicki Robert

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study was to identify the influence of reactive mixture concentration (23–48 g/100 mL, pH (6.5–9.0, presence of NaCl (0.05–0.25 mol/L and enzyme dose (2850–28,500 LAU/100 g of lactose on the synthesis of galactosyl mannitol derivative using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. The use of the enzyme dose ranging from 2850 to 11,400 LAU/100 g lactose allowed obtaining gal-mannitol at the level of 21.8% total saccharides; higher doses intensified product decomposition. An increase in the concentration of the reactive mixture had a positive impact on the quantity of gal-mannitol obtained every single time, i.e. 4.39 g were obtained from 100 mL of a 23 g/100 mL solution and over 10 g were obtained from a 48 g/100 mL solution. A relatively low increase in product quantity (by ca. 5% occurred after the pH was increased from 6.5 to 9.0. The use of NaCl rendered better results. An increase in the maximum content of gal-mannitol in the total sugar by 12.8% was observed at the concentration of 0.25 mol/L.

A biochemically structured model for ethanol fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus: A batch fermentation and kinetic study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sansonetti, Sascha; Hobley, Timothy John; Calabrò, V.

2011-01-01

Anaerobic batch fermentations of ricotta cheese whey (i.e. containing lactose) were performed under different operating conditions. Ethanol concentrations of ca. 22gL−1 were found from whey containing ca. 44gL−1 lactose, which corresponded to up to 95% of the theoretical ethanol yield within 15h......, lactose, biomass and glycerol during batch fermentation could be described within a ca. 6% deviation, as could the yield coefficients for biomass and ethanol produced on lactose. The model structure confirmed that the thermodynamics considerations on the stoichiometry of the system constrain the metabolic...... coefficients within a physically meaningful range thereby providing valuable and reliable insight into fermentation processes....

Ethanol fermentation from molasses at high temperature by thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces sp. IIPE453 and energy assessment for recovery.

Science.gov (United States)

Dasgupta, Diptarka; Ghosh, Prasenjit; Ghosh, Debashish; Suman, Sunil Kumar; Khan, Rashmi; Agrawal, Deepti; Adhikari, Dilip K

2014-10-01

High temperature ethanol fermentation from sugarcane molasses B using thermophilic Crabtree-positive yeast Kluyveromyces sp. IIPE453 was carried out in batch bioreactor system. Strain was found to have a maximum specific ethanol productivity of 0.688 g/g/h with 92 % theoretical ethanol yield. Aeration and initial sugar concentration were tuning parameters to regulate metabolic pathways of the strain for either cell mass or higher ethanol production during growth with an optimum sugar to cell ratio 33:1 requisite for fermentation. An assessment of ethanol recovery from fermentation broth via simulation study illustrated that distillation-based conventional recovery was significantly better in terms of energy efficiency and overall mass recovery in comparison to coupled solvent extraction-azeotropic distillation technique for the same.

A Multiple-objective Optimization of Whey Fermentation in Stirred Tank Bioreactors

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Mitko Petrov

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A multiple-objective optimization is applied to find an optimal policy of a fed-batch fermentation process for lactose oxidation from a natural substratum of the strain Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis MC5. The optimal policy is consisted of feed flow rate, agitation speed, and gas flow rate. The multiple-objective problem includes: the total price of the biomass production, the second objective functions are the separation cost in downstream processing and the third objective function corresponds to the oxygen mass-transfer in the bioreactor. The multiple-objective optimization are transforming to standard problem for optimization with single-objective function. Local criteria are defined utility function with different weight for single-type vector task. A fuzzy sets method is applied to be solved the maximizing decision problem. A simple combined algorithm guideline to find a satisfactory solution to the general multiple-objective optimization problem. The obtained optimal control results have shown an increase of the process productiveness and a decrease of the residual substrate concentration.

Continuous production of pectinase by immobilized yeast cells on spent grains.

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Almeida, Catarina; Brányik, Tomás; Moradas-Ferreira, Pedro; Teixeira, José

2003-01-01

A yeast strain secreting endopolygalacturonase was used in this work to study the possibility of continuous production of this enzyme. It is a feasible and interesting alternative to fungal batch production essentially due to the specificity of the type of pectinase excreted by Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 3172, to the lower broth viscosity and to the easier downstream operations. In order to increase the reactors' productivity, a cellulosic carrier obtained from barley spent grains was tested as an immobilization support. Two types of reactors were studied for pectinase production using glucose as a carbon and energy source--a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a packed bed reactor (PBR) with recycled flow. The highest value for pectinase volumetric productivity (P(V)=0.98 U ml(-1) h(-1)) was achieved in the PBR for D=0.40 h(-1), a glucose concentration on the inlet of S(in)=20 g l(-1), and a biomass load in the support of X(i)=0.225 g g(-1). The results demonstrate the attractiveness of the packed bed system for pectinase production.

Bioethanol production from Scenedesmus obliquus sugars: the influence of photobioreactors and culture conditions on biomass production.

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Miranda, J R; Passarinho, P C; Gouveia, L

2012-10-01

A closed-loop vertical tubular photobioreactor (PBR), specially designed to operate under conditions of scarce flat land availability and irregular solar irradiance conditions, was used to study the potential of Scenedesmus obliquus biomass/sugar production. The results obtained were compared to those from an open-raceway pond and a closed-bubble column. The influence of the type of light source and the regime (natural vs artificial and continuous vs light/dark cycles) on the growth of the microalga and the extent of the sugar accumulation was studied in both PBRs. The best type of reactor studied was a closed-loop PBR illuminated with natural light/dark cycles. In all the cases, the relationship between the nitrate depletion and the sugar accumulation was observed. The microalga Scenedesmus was cultivated for 53 days in a raceway pond (4,500 L) and accumulated a maximum sugar content of 29 % g/g. It was pre-treated for carrying out ethanol fermentation assays, and the highest ethanol concentration obtained in the hydrolysate fermented by Kluyveromyces marxianus was 11.7 g/L.

Bio-ethanol production by fermentation of ricotta cheese whey as an effective alternative non-vegetable source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sansonetti, Sascha; Curcio, Stefano; Calabro, Vincenza; Iorio, Gabriele [Department of Engineering Modeling, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 42/A, 87036 Rende, Cosenza (Italy)

2009-12-15

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the feasibility of bio-ethanol production by batch fermentation of ricotta cheese whey (''Scotta''), a dairy industry waste characterized by lactose concentration ranging from 4.5% to 5.0% (w/w) and, with respect to traditional (raw) whey, by much lower protein content. Scotta, therefore, could represent an effective non-vegetable source for renewable energy production. The microrganism used to carry out the fermentation processes was the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Preliminary experiments, performed in aerobic conditions on different volumes of scotta, have shown the actual growth of the yeast. The subsequent fermentation experiments were carried out, in anaerobic conditions, on three different substrates: scotta, raw cheese whey and deproteinized whey. The experimental data have demonstrated the process feasibility: scotta is an excellent substrate for fermentation and exhibits better performance with respect to both raw cheese whey and deproteinized whey. Complete lactose consumption, indeed, was observed in the shortest time (13 h) and with the highest ethanol yield (97% of the theoretical value). (author)

Bioethanol production from Scenedesmus obliquus sugars. The influence of photobioreactors and culture conditions on biomass production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miranda, J.R.; Passarinho, P.C.; Gouveia, L. [Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Lisbon (Portugal). Unidade de Bioenergia

2012-10-15

A closed-loop vertical tubular photobioreactor (PBR), specially designed to operate under conditions of scarce flat land availability and irregular solar irradiance conditions, was used to study the potential of Scenedesmus obliquus biomass/sugar production. The results obtained were compared to those from an open-raceway pond and a closed-bubble column. The influence of the type of light source and the regime (natural vs artificial and continuous vs light/dark cycles) on the growth of the microalga and the extent of the sugar accumulation was studied in both PBRs. The best type of reactor studied was a closed-loop PBR illuminated with natural light/dark cycles. In all the cases, the relationship between the nitrate depletion and the sugar accumulation was observed. The microalga Scenedesmus was cultivated for 53 days in a raceway pond (4,500 L) and accumulated a maximum sugar content of 29 % g/g. It was pre-treated for carrying out ethanol fermentation assays, and the highest ethanol concentration obtained in the hydrolysate fermented by Kluyveromyces marxianus was 11.7 g/L. (orig.)

The occurrence and growth of yeasts in Camembert and blue-veined cheeses.

Science.gov (United States)

Roostita, R; Fleet, G H

1996-01-01

Yeast populations greater than 10(6) cfu/g were found in approximately 54% and 36%, respectively in surface samples of retail Camembert (85 samples) and Blue-veined (45 samples) cheeses. The most predominant species isolated were Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida catenulata, C. lipolytica, C. kefyr, C. intermedia, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus albidus and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The salt concentration of the surface samples of the cheeses varied between 2.5-5.5% (w/w) (Camembert) and 7.5-8.3 (Blue-veined), depending upon brand, and influenced the yeast ecology, especially the presence of S. cerevisiae. Yeasts grew to populations of 10(6)-10(8) cfu/g when cheeses were stored at either 25 degrees C or 10 degrees C. These populations decreased on continued storage at 25 degrees C, but such decreases were not so evident on storage at 10 degrees C. The properties of yeasts influencing their occurrence and growth in cheese were: fermentation/assimilation of lactose; production of extracellular lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, utilisation of lactic and citric acids; and growth at 10 degrees C.

Evaluation of hyper thermal acid hydrolysis of Kappaphycus alvarezii for enhanced bioethanol production.

Science.gov (United States)

Ra, Chae Hun; Nguyen, Trung Hau; Jeong, Gwi-Taek; Kim, Sung-Koo

2016-06-01

Hyper thermal (HT) acid hydrolysis of Kappaphycus alvarezii, a red seaweed, was optimized to 12% (w/v) seaweed slurry content, 180mM H2SO4 at 140°C for 5min. The maximum monosaccharide concentration of 38.3g/L and 66.7% conversion from total fermentable monosaccharides of 57.6g/L with 120gdw/L K. alvarezii slurry were obtained from HT acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification. HT acid hydrolysis at a severity factor of 0.78 efficiently converted the carbohydrates of seaweed to monosaccharides and produced a low concentration of inhibitory compounds. The levels of ethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation with non-adapted and adapted Kluyveromyces marxianus to high concentration of galactose were 6.1g/L with ethanol yield (YEtOH) of 0.19 at 84h and 16.0g/L with YEtOH of 0.42 at 72h, respectively. Development of the HT acid hydrolysis process and adapted yeast could enhance the overall ethanol fermentation yields of K. alvarezii seaweed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase immobilization in calcium alginate spheres and gelatin for hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose

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Ana Paula Mörschbächer

2016-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: One of the greatest challenges for dairy industries is the correct destination of all the whey generated during cheese making, considering its high impact, the large volume created, and its technological potential. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose is a biotechnological alternative. However, one of the limiting factors of its use is the relatively high cost of the enzymes, which could be lowered with the immobilization of these biocatalysts. Considering this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the commercial Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase enzyme immobilized in calcium alginate spheres and gelatin, using glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A (ConA as modifying agents in the hydrolysis of cheese whey lactose process. Results have shown that the enzyme encapsulation complexed with ConA in alginate-gelatin spheres, without glutaraldehyde in the immobilization support, has significantly increased the hydrolysis of lactose rate, achieving a maximum conversion of 72%.

Cloning, production, and functional expression of the bacteriocin enterocin A, produced by Enterococcus faecium T136, by the yeasts Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, and Arxula adeninivorans.

Science.gov (United States)

Borrero, Juan; Kunze, Gotthard; Jiménez, Juan J; Böer, Erik; Gútiez, Loreto; Herranz, Carmen; Cintas, Luis M; Hernández, Pablo E

2012-08-01

The bacteriocin enterocin A (EntA) produced by Enterococcus faecium T136 has been successfully cloned and produced by the yeasts Pichia pastoris X-33EA, Kluyveromyces lactis GG799EA, Hansenula polymorpha KL8-1EA, and Arxula adeninivorans G1212EA. Moreover, P. pastoris X-33EA and K. lactis GG799EA produced EntA in larger amounts and with higher antimicrobial and specific antimicrobial activities than the EntA produced by E. faecium T136.

Statistical investigation of Kluyveromyces lactis cells permeabilization with ethanol by response surface methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

de Faria, Janaína T; Rocha, Pollyana F; Converti, Attilio; Passos, Flávia M L; Minim, Luis A; Sampaio, Fábio C

2013-12-01

The aim of our study was to select the optimal operating conditions to permeabilize Kluyveromyces lactis cells using ethanol as a solvent as an alternative to cell disruption and extraction. Cell permeabilization was carried out by a non-mechanical method consisting of chemical treatment with ethanol, and the results were expressed as β-galactosidase activity. Experiments were conducted under different conditions of ethanol concentration, treatment time and temperature according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the collected results were then worked out by response surface methodology (RSM). Cell permeabilization was improved by an increase in ethanol concentration and simultaneous decreases in the incubation temperature and treatment time. Such an approach allowed us to identify an optimal range of the independent variables within which the β-galactosidase activity was optimized. A maximum permeabilization of 2,816 mmol L(-1) oNP min(-1) g(-1) was obtained by treating cells with 75.0% v/v of ethanol at 20.0 °C for 15.0 min. The proposed methodology resulted to be effective and suited for K. lactis cells permeabilization at a lab-scale and promises to be of possible interest for future applications mainly in the food industry.

MIKROFLORA PADA TEMPOYAK The Microflora of Tempoyak

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Hasanuddin Hasanuddin

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Tempoyak is a traditional Bengkulu fermented food prepared from spontaneous fermentation of durian (Durio zibethi- nus by wild microorganisms. Tempoyak is found not only in Bengkulu but also as long as Sumatera island with differ- ent names, and also in Malaysia. Tempoyak is a Melayu term meaning fermented durian. The research was conducted to identify microflora in tempoyak, and to select the species of microorganisms which were able to ferment durian ef- fectivelly. The data in this study were laboratory analysis. Samples were collected weekly in a month from productions centre of tempoyak and traditional markets, and analyzed microbiologically to determine and identify the bacteria, yeasts and molds in tempoyak. There were four specieses of lactic acid bacteria found in fermented durian namely Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesentroides. While two specieses which were not lactic acid bacteria namely Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Micrococcus varians. One species of yeast was Kluyveromyces marxianus. The molds were identified as Rhizopus oryzae, Monilia sitophila, Mucor roxii, Aspergillus repens and Penicillium sp. Among these specieses three specieses were produced lactic acid namelly Rhizopus oryzae, Monilia sitophila,and Mucor roxii. While Aspergillus ripens and Penicillium sp did not pro- duce lactic acid so these specieses might not function in fermentation process. ABSTRAK Tempoyak adalah makanan khas Bengkulu, yang dibuat dari fermentasi spontan daging buah durian (Durio zibet- hinus oleh mikroorganisme liar. Tempoyak juga bisa dijumpai di berbagai daerah Indonesia di sepanjang pulau Sumatera dengan nama yang berbeda, bahkan sampai ke Malaysia. Istilah tempoyak berasal dari terminolgi Melayu yang artinya adalah durian fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroorganisme yang terdapat pada tempoyak. Data dari penelitian ini adalah data primer dari analisa

Taggiasca extra virgin olive oil colonization by yeasts during the extraction process.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciafardini, G; Cioccia, G; Zullo, B A

2017-04-01

The opalescent appearance of the newly produced olive oil is due to the presence of solid particles and microdrops of vegetation water in which the microorganisms from the olives' carposphere are trapped. Present research has demonstrated that the microbiota of the fresh extracted olive oil, produced in the mills, is mainly composed of yeasts and to a lesser extent of molds. The close link between the composition of the microbiota of the olives' carposphere undergoing to processing, and that of the microbiota of the newly produced olive oil, concerns only the yeasts and molds, given that the bacterial component is by and large destroyed mainly in the kneaded paste during the malaxation process. Six physiologically homogenous yeast groups were highlighted in the wash water, kneaded paste and newly produced olive oil from the Taggiasca variety which had been collected in mills located in the Liguria region. The more predominant yeasts of each group belonged to a single species called respectively: Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida oleophila, Candida diddensiae, Candida norvegica, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Debaryomyces hansenii. Apart from K. marxianus, which was found only in the wash water, all the other species were found in the wash water and in the kneaded paste as well as in the newly produced olive oil, while in the six-month stored olive oil, was found only one physiologically homogeneous group of yeast represented by the W. anomalus specie. These findings in according to our previous studies carried out on other types of mono varietal olive oils, confirms that the habitat of the Taggiascas' extra virgin olive oil, had a strong selective pressure on the yeast biota, allowing only to a few member of yeast species, contaminating the fresh product, to survive and reproduce in it during storage. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The major facilitator superfamily transporter Knq1p modulates boron homeostasis in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

Svrbicka, Alexandra; Toth Hervay, Nora; Gbelska, Yvetta

2016-03-01

Boron is an essential micronutrient for living cells, yet its excess causes toxicity. To date, the mechanisms of boron toxicity are poorly understood. Recently, the ScATR1 gene has been identified encoding the main boron efflux pump in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we analyzed the ScATR1 ortholog in Kluyveromyces lactis--the KNQ1 gene, to understand whether it participates in boron stress tolerance. We found that the KNQ1 gene, encoding a permease belonging to the major facilitator superfamily, is required for K. lactis boron tolerance. Deletion of the KNQ1 gene led to boron sensitivity and its overexpression increased K. lactis boron tolerance. The KNQ1 expression was induced by boron and the intracellular boron concentration was controlled by Knq1p. The KNQ1 promoter contains two putative binding motifs for the AP-1-like transcription factor KlYap1p playing a central role in oxidative stress defense. Our results indicate that the induction of the KNQ1 expression requires the presence of KlYap1p and that Knq1p like its ortholog ScAtr1p in S. cerevisiae functions as a boron efflux pump providing boron resistance in K. lactis.

Immobilization of yeast inulinase on chitosan beads for the hydrolysis of inulin in a batch system.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, R S; Singh, R P; Kennedy, J F

2017-02-01

An extracellular inulinase was partially purified by ethanol precipitation and gel exclusion chromatography from a cell free extract of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Partially purified inulinase exhibited 420 IU/mg specific activity and it was immobilized on chitosan beads. Activity yield of immobilized inulinase was optimized with glutaraldehyde concentration (1-5%), glutaraldehyde treatment time (30-240min), enzyme coupling-time (2-16h) and enzyme loading (5-30 IU) as functions. Under the optimized conditions maximum yield 65.5% of immobilized inulinase was obtained. Maximum hydrolysis of inulin 84.5% and 78.2% was observed at 125rpm after 4h by immobilized and free enzyme, respectively. A retention-time of 4h and 5h was found optimal for the hydrolysis of inulin under agitation (125rpm) by free and immobilized enzyme, respectively. The recycling of the developed immobilized biocatalyst was carried out after 5h of inulin hydrolysis in a batch system. The developed immobilized biocatalyst was successfully used for the hydrolysis of inulin for 14 batches. This is the first report on the immobilization of yeast inulinase on chitosan beads for the hydrolysis of inulin in a batch system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of agave subproducts for production of microbial inulinases

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Huerta Alcocer, S.A.

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Mexico is the center of origin of the genus Agave spp. with 159 endemic species, 75 % of all known species. The main use of these plants is in the production of alcoholic beverages, mainly tequila, which is obtained from the “pines” of A. tequilana Weber var. Azul. During tequila production, a huge amount of waste is produced, including leaves that are not used. Main compounds found in these subproducts are polysaccharides, specifically inulin. Current review focuses on the use of these agricultural wastes to obtain inulinase production, and in the production of high fructose syrup using these enzymes in these wastes. Currently, high fructose syrups, especially oligosaccharides, have prompted much interest for their benefits to health due to its low glycemic index and their function as prebiotic in the intestinal flora. The main microorganisms involved with inulinases production belong to the genera Aspergillus and Kluyveromyces. The latter is preferred in the industry due to its high growth rate, high temperature tolerance (52 °C and by having the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe status. This review emphasizes on the advances achieved in the production of inulinases by yeast K. marxianus.

Genome and metabolic engineering in non-conventional yeasts: Current advances and applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Löbs, Ann-Kathrin; Schwartz, Cory; Wheeldon, Ian

2017-09-01

Microbial production of chemicals and proteins from biomass-derived and waste sugar streams is a rapidly growing area of research and development. While the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisia e is an excellent host for the conversion of glucose to ethanol, production of other chemicals from alternative substrates often requires extensive strain engineering. To avoid complex and intensive engineering of S. cerevisiae, other yeasts are often selected as hosts for bioprocessing based on their natural capacity to produce a desired product: for example, the efficient production and secretion of proteins, lipids, and primary metabolites that have value as commodity chemicals. Even when using yeasts with beneficial native phenotypes, metabolic engineering to increase yield, titer, and production rate is essential. The non-conventional yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris have been developed as eukaryotic hosts because of their desirable phenotypes, including thermotolerance, assimilation of diverse carbon sources, and high protein secretion. However, advanced metabolic engineering in these yeasts has been limited. This review outlines the challenges of using non-conventional yeasts for strain and pathway engineering, and discusses the developed solutions to these problems and the resulting applications in industrial biotechnology.

Transgalactosylation/Hydrolysis Ratios of Various β-Galactosidases Catalyzing Alkyl-β-Galactoside Synthesis in Single-Phased Alcohol Media

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Eleonora Winkelhausen

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Three microbial galactosidases, Aspergillus oryzae, Escherichia coli and Kluyveromyces marxianus β-galactosidase, were used as catalysts for transgalactosylation synthesis of alkyl-β-galactosides in single-phased alcohol media. Their selectivity towards different alcohol nucleophiles was quantified by determining the transgalactosylation/hydrolysis ratio in the water/alcohol mixtures containing water in concentrations below the level of saturation. p-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside was used as a glycosyl donor at a concentration of 10 mM. Both the total reaction rate (transgalactosylation+hydrolysis and the ratio between the transgalactosylation (alcoholysis and hydrolysis increased with the increase of water activity. Although the A. oryzae β-galactosidase showed relatively low total activity (3.13 μmol/(min·mg protein, it exhibited the highest selectivity towards the hexanol nucleophile among the examined enzymes (0.65. The selectivity values in all the examined cases were below one, which implies that the hydrolysis, and not the synthesis, was the dominating reaction. The total reaction rate (transgalactosylation+hydrolysis was strongly affected by the water activity, and for the specific water activity in the different alcohols, it increased in the following order: n-octanol, n-hexanol, n-butanol.

Maximization of beta-galactosidase production: a simultaneous investigation of agitation and aeration effects.

Science.gov (United States)

Alves, Fernanda Germano; Filho, Francisco Maugeri; de Medeiros Burkert, Janaína Fernandes; Kalil, Susana Juliano

2010-03-01

In this work, the agitation and aeration effects in the maximization of the beta-galactosidase production from Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 were investigated simultaneously, in relation to the volumetric enzyme activity and the productivity, as well as the analysis of the lactose consumption and production of glucose, and galactose of this process. Agitation and aeration effects were studied in a 2 L batch stirred reactor. A central composite design (2(2) trials plus three central points) was carried out. Agitation speed varied from 200 to 500 rpm and aeration rate from 0.5 to 1.5 vvm. It has been shown in this study that the volumetric enzyme production was strongly influenced by mixing conditions, while aeration was shown to be less significant. Linear models for activity and productivity due to agitation and aeration were obtained. The favorable condition was 500 rpm and 1.5 vvm, which lead to the best production of 17 U mL(-1) for enzymatic activity, 1.2 U mL(-1) h(-1) for productivity in 14 h of process, a cellular concentration of 11 mg mL(-1), and a 167.2 h(-1) volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient.

Toxicity of nalidixic acid on candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces lactis.

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Sobieski, R J; Brewer, A R

1976-03-01

The antibacterial drug nalidixic acid (Nal) can suppress the growth of Candida albicans at levels of the drug normally found in urine. Growth suppression increases as drug levels are increased, and Nal also causes a similar proportional inhibition of the synthesis of all cellular macromolecules. However, growth temperature (25 versus 37 C) and the divalent cations Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) can increase C. albicans resistance to Nal. Also, nitrogen depletion of Candida shows that Nal-treated and untreated cells exhibit no difference in leucine uptake during readaptation to nitrogen. In Nal-treated, nitrogen-starved cells, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosynthesis are less affected than in unstarved Nal-treated cells, but of the two nucleic acids DNA synthesis is the most affected. Nal-resistant strains of C. albicans exhibit a slight toxicity for macromolecular synthesis. Nal treatment of a synchronized population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in an increase in the culture mean doubling time of, at most, 20%, but Nal causes the loss of synchronous cell division. With a synchronized population of Kluyveromyces lactis, Nal causes an increase in the mean doubling time of upwards of 300%, with synchrony of cell division being maintained. It is known that S. cerevisiae asynchronously synthesizes mitochondrial DNA during the cell cycle, whereas with K. lactis it is synchronous. Thus, with C. albicans Nal toxicity is dependent both on the dose and the physiological state of the cell. Furthermore, Nal inhibits growth of yeast with synchronous mitochondrial DNA synthesis more adversely than yeast with asynchronous mitochondrial DNA synthesis.

Improved ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed cultures with Kluyveromyces lactis on high-sugar fermentation.

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Yamaoka, Chizuru; Kurita, Osamu; Kubo, Tomoko

2014-12-01

The influence of non-Saccharomyces yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis, on metabolite formation and the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed cultures was examined on synthetic minimal medium containing 20% glucose. In the late stage of fermentation after the complete death of K. lactis, S. cerevisiae in mixed cultures was more ethanol-tolerant than that in pure culture. The chronological life span of S. cerevisiae was shorter in pure culture than mixed cultures. The yeast cells of the late stationary phase both in pure and mixed cultures had a low buoyant density with no significant difference in the non-quiescence state between both cultures. In mixed cultures, the glycerol contents increased and the alanine contents decreased when compared with the pure culture of S. cerevisiae. The distinctive intracellular amino acid pool concerning its amino acid concentrations and its amino acid composition was observed in yeast cells with different ethanol tolerance in the death phase. Co-cultivation of K. lactis seems to prompt S. cerevisiae to be ethanol tolerant by forming opportune metabolites such as glycerol and alanine and/or changing the intracellular amino acid pool. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Reaction kinetics and galactooligosaccharide product profiles of the β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae.

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Yin, Huifang; Bultema, Jelle B; Dijkhuizen, Lubbert; van Leeuwen, Sander S

2017-06-15

β-Galactosidase enzymes are used in the dairy industry to convert lactose into galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are added to infant formula to mimic the molecular sizes and prebiotic functions of human milk oligosaccharides. Here we report a detailed analysis of the clearly different GOS profiles of the commercial β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae. Also the GOS yields of these enzymes differed, varying from 48.3% (B. circulans) to 34.9% (K. lactis), and 19.5% (A. oryzae). Their incubation with lactose plus the monosaccharides Gal or Glc resulted in altered GOS profiles. Experiments with 13 C 6 labelled Gal and Glc showed that both monosaccharides act as acceptor substrates in the transgalactosylation reactions. The data shows that the lactose isomers β-d-Galp-(1→2)-d-Glcp, β-d-Galp-(1→3)-d-Glcp and β-d-Galp-(1→6)-d-Glcp are formed from acceptor reactions with free Glc and not by rearrangement of Glc in the active site. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elucidation of new condition-dependent roles for fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase linked to cofactor balances.

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Du Toit W P Schabort

Full Text Available The cofactor balances in metabolism is of paramount importance in the design of a metabolic engineering strategy and understanding the regulation of metabolism in general. ATP, NAD+ and NADP+ balances are central players linking the various fluxes in central metabolism as well as biomass formation. NADP+ is especially important in the metabolic engineering of yeasts for xylose fermentation, since NADPH is required by most yeasts in the initial step of xylose utilisation, including the fast-growing Kluyveromyces marxianus. In this simulation study of yeast metabolism, the complex interplay between these cofactors was investigated; in particular, how they may affect the possible roles of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycerol production and the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass. Using flux balance analysis, it was found that the potential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was highly dependent on the cofactor specificity of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and on the carbon source. Additionally, the excessive production of ATP under certain conditions might be involved in some of the phenomena observed, which may have been overlooked to date. Based on these findings, a strategy is proposed for the metabolic engineering of a future xylose-fermenting yeast for biofuel production.

Genome and metabolic engineering in non-conventional yeasts: Current advances and applications

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Ann-Kathrin Löbs

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Microbial production of chemicals and proteins from biomass-derived and waste sugar streams is a rapidly growing area of research and development. While the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent host for the conversion of glucose to ethanol, production of other chemicals from alternative substrates often requires extensive strain engineering. To avoid complex and intensive engineering of S. cerevisiae, other yeasts are often selected as hosts for bioprocessing based on their natural capacity to produce a desired product: for example, the efficient production and secretion of proteins, lipids, and primary metabolites that have value as commodity chemicals. Even when using yeasts with beneficial native phenotypes, metabolic engineering to increase yield, titer, and production rate is essential. The non-conventional yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris have been developed as eukaryotic hosts because of their desirable phenotypes, including thermotolerance, assimilation of diverse carbon sources, and high protein secretion. However, advanced metabolic engineering in these yeasts has been limited. This review outlines the challenges of using non-conventional yeasts for strain and pathway engineering, and discusses the developed solutions to these problems and the resulting applications in industrial biotechnology.

Production of yeast biomass using waste Chinese cabbage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Min Ho Choi; Yun Hee Park [Ajou Univ., Suwon (Korea). Dept. of Molecular Science and Technology

2003-08-01

The possibility of using waste Chinese cabbage as a substrate for microbial biomass production was investigated. Cell mass and the protein content of four species of yeast, Candida utilis, Pichia stipitis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were determined when cultured in juice extracted from cabbage waste. Compared to YM broth containing the same level of sugar, all the strains except C. utilis showed higher total protein production in cabbage juice medium (CJM). Cell mass production was lower for all four strains in heat-treated CJM than in membrane-filtered medium, and this adverse effect was pronounced when the CJM was autoclaved at 121{sup o}C for 15 min. As a source of inorganic nitrogen, only ammonium sulfate added at a concentration of 0.5 g nitrogen per liter of CJM increased cell growth. Of the seven organic nitrogen sources tested, only corn steep powder was effective in increasing cell mass (by about 11%). As a micronutrient, the addition of 0.5 mM zinc increased cell mass. The results suggest that juice from waste Chinese cabbages can be used to produce microbial biomass protein without substantial modification, after preliminary heat treatment at temperatures below those required for sterilization. (Author)

Estabilidade operacional e cinética de hidrólise da lactose pela β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v25i1.2244 Operational stability and kinetics of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v25i1.2244

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Flávio Faria de Moraes

2003-04-01

Full Text Available A modelagem cinética da hidrólise da lactose e a estabilidade operacional da enzima β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces fragilis foi determinada utilizando como substrato leite em pó desengordurado e reconstituído de modo a fornecer duas concentrações de lactose: 5% e 10% (p/v. Para a estabilidade operacional, ambas concentrações de lactose foram estudadas na presença e na ausência de tampão pH 6,5. A cada 40 minutos, foi determinada a atividade residual pelo método das velocidades iniciais. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o tampão provoca inativação da enzima. Para soluções de lactose em água, a atividade residual decaiu apenas 15% em 6 horas e depois decresceu bruscamente. Na modelagem cinética, a reação de hidrólise foi conduzida a 40ºC/7 h, empregando-se concentrações de enzima equivalentes a 1500 e 8100 LAU/L. O modelo ajustado permitiu concluir que é necessário utilizar a quantidade de 3450 LAU/L da enzima para se obter a hidrólise de 70% a 80% da lactose do leite em duas a três horas de reação.The kinetic modeling of the lactose hydrolysis and the operational stability of the enzyme β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces fragilis was determined using as substrate skimmed powdered milk, reconstituted in a way to supply two lactose concentrations: 5% and 10% (w/v. For the operational stability both lactose concentrations were studied in the presence and in the absence of the buffer pH 6.5. Every 40 minutes the residual activity was determined by the method of the initial velocities. The experimental results showed that the buffer leads to enzyme inactivation. However, for lactose solutions without buffer, the residual activity only declines 15% in 6 hours and later it decreases abruptly. In the kinetic modeling the hydrolysis reaction was led to 40ºC/7h, being used enzyme concentrations equivalent to 1500 and 8100 LAU/L. The adjusted model allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to use the quantity of

Fine structure of Tibetan kefir grains and their yeast distribution, diversity, and shift.

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Man Lu

Full Text Available Tibetan kefir grains (TKGs, a kind of natural starter for fermented milk in Tibet, China, host various microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and occasionally acetic acid bacteria in a polysaccharide/protein matrix. In the present study, the fine structure of TKGs was studied to shed light on this unusual symbiosis with stereomicroscopy and thin sections. The results reveal that TKGs consist of numerous small grain units, which are characterized by a hollow globular structure with a diameter between 2.0 and 9.0 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 200 µm. A polyhedron-like net structure, formed mainly by the bacteria, was observed in the wall of the grain units, which has not been reported previously to our knowledge. Towards the inside of the grain unit, the polyhedron-like net structures became gradually larger in diameter and fewer in number. Such fine structures may play a crucial role in the stability of the grains. Subsequently, the distribution, diversity, and shift of yeasts in TKGs were investigated based on thin section, scanning electron microscopy, cloning and sequencing of D1/D2 of the 26S rRNA gene, real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization with specific fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes. These show that (i yeasts appear to localize on the outer surface of the grains and grow normally together to form colonies embedded in the bacterial community; (ii the diversity of yeasts is relatively low on genus level with three dominant species--Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Yarrowia lipolytica; (iii S. cerevisiae is the stable predominant yeast species, while the composition of Kluyveromyces and Yarrowia are subject to change over time. Our results indicate that TKGs are relatively stable in structure, and culture conditions to some extent shape the microbial community and interaction in kefir grains. These findings pave the way for further study of the specific symbiotic

Fine Structure of Tibetan Kefir Grains and Their Yeast Distribution, Diversity, and Shift

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Man; Wang, Xingxing; Sun, Guowei; Qin, Bing; Xiao, Jinzhou; Yan, Shuling; Pan, Yingjie; Wang, Yongjie

2014-01-01

Tibetan kefir grains (TKGs), a kind of natural starter for fermented milk in Tibet, China, host various microorganisms of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and occasionally acetic acid bacteria in a polysaccharide/protein matrix. In the present study, the fine structure of TKGs was studied to shed light on this unusual symbiosis with stereomicroscopy and thin sections. The results reveal that TKGs consist of numerous small grain units, which are characterized by a hollow globular structure with a diameter between 2.0 and 9.0 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 200 µm. A polyhedron-like net structure, formed mainly by the bacteria, was observed in the wall of the grain units, which has not been reported previously to our knowledge. Towards the inside of the grain unit, the polyhedron-like net structures became gradually larger in diameter and fewer in number. Such fine structures may play a crucial role in the stability of the grains. Subsequently, the distribution, diversity, and shift of yeasts in TKGs were investigated based on thin section, scanning electron microscopy, cloning and sequencing of D1/D2 of the 26S rRNA gene, real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization with specific fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes. These show that (i) yeasts appear to localize on the outer surface of the grains and grow normally together to form colonies embedded in the bacterial community; (ii) the diversity of yeasts is relatively low on genus level with three dominant species – Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Yarrowia lipolytica; (iii) S. cerevisiae is the stable predominant yeast species, while the composition of Kluyveromyces and Yarrowia are subject to change over time. Our results indicate that TKGs are relatively stable in structure, and culture conditions to some extent shape the microbial community and interaction in kefir grains. These findings pave the way for further study of the specific symbiotic associations between S

Deletion of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene KlZWF1 Affects both Fermentative and Respiratory Metabolism in Kluyveromyces lactis▿

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Saliola, Michele; Scappucci, Gina; De Maria, Ilaria; Lodi, Tiziana; Mancini, Patrizia; Falcone, Claudio

2007-01-01

In Kluyveromyces lactis, the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative route for the dissimilation of glucose. The first enzyme of the pathway is the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), encoded by KlZWF1. We isolated this gene and examined its role. Like ZWF1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, KlZWF1 was constitutively expressed, and its deletion led to increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide on glucose, but unlike the case for S. cerevisiae, the Klzwf1Δ strain had a reduced biomass yield on fermentative carbon sources as well as on lactate and glycerol. In addition, the reduced yield on glucose was associated with low ethanol production and decreased oxygen consumption, indicating that this gene is required for both fermentation and respiration. On ethanol, however, the mutant showed an increased biomass yield. Moreover, on this substrate, wild-type cells showed an additional band of activity that might correspond to a dimeric form of G6PDH. The partial dimerization of the G6PDH tetramer on ethanol suggested the production of an NADPH excess that was negative for biomass yield. PMID:17085636

The Deletion of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Gene KlSDH1 in Kluyveromyces lactis Does Not Lead to Respiratory Deficiency

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Saliola, Michele; Bartoccioni, Paola Chiara; De Maria, Ilaria; Lodi, Tiziana; Falcone, Claudio

2004-01-01

We have isolated a Kluyveromyces lactis mutant unable to grow on all respiratory carbon sources with the exception of lactate. Functional complementation of this mutant led to the isolation of KlSDH1, the gene encoding the flavoprotein subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, which is essential for the aerobic utilization of carbon sources. Despite the high sequence conservation of the SDH genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and K. lactis, they do not have the same relevance in the metabolism of the two yeasts. In fact, unlike SDH1, KlSDH1 was highly expressed under both fermentative and nonfermentative conditions. In addition to this, but in contrast with S. cerevisiae, K. lactis strains lacking KlSDH1 were still able to grow in the presence of lactate. In these mutants, oxygen consumption was one-eighth that of the wild type in the presence of lactate and was normal with glucose and ethanol, indicating that the respiratory chain was fully functional. Northern analysis suggested that alternative pathway(s), which involves pyruvate decarboxylase and the glyoxylate cycle, could overcome the absence of SDH and allow (i) lactate utilization and (ii) the accumulation of succinate instead of ethanol during growth on glucose. PMID:15189981

Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis onto polymeric membrane surfaces: effect of surface characteristics.

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Güleç, Hacı Ali

2013-04-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surface characteristics of plain and plasma modified cellulose acetate (CA) membranes on the immobilization yield of β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis (KLG) and its galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) yield, respectively. Low pressure plasma treatments involving oxygen plasma activation, plasma polymerization (PlsP) of ethylenediamine (EDA) and PlsP of 2-mercaptoethanol were used to modify plain CA membrane surfaces. KLG enzyme was immobilized onto plain and oxygen plasma treated membrane surfaces by simple adsorption. Oxygen plasma activation increased the hydrophylicity of CA membrane surfaces and it improved the immobilization yield of the enzyme by 42%. KLG enzyme was also immobilized onto CA membrane surfaces through amino groups created by PlsP of EDA via covalent binding. Plasma action at 60W plasma power and 15 min. exposure time improved the amount of membrane bounded enzyme by 3.5-fold. The enrichment of the amount of amino groups via polyethyleneimine (PEI) addition enhanced this increase from 3.5-fold to 4.5-fold. Although high enzyme loading was achived (65-83%), both of the methods dramatically decreased the enzyme activity (11-12%) and GOS yield due to probably negative effects of active amino groups. KLG enzyme was more effectively immobilized onto thiolated CA membrane surface created by PlsP of 2-mercaptoethanol with high immobilization yield (70%) and especially high enzyme activity (46%). Immobilized enzymes on the CA membranes treated by PlsP were successively reutilized for 5-8 cycles at 25°C and enzymatic derivatives retained approximately 75-80% of their initial activites at the end of the reactions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Screening of Jerusalem artichoke varieties for bio-ethanol production in Portugal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Passarinho, P.C.; Oliveira, A.C.; Rosa, M.F. [INETI, Departamento de Energias Renovaveis, Estrada do Paco do Lumiar, Ed. G, 1649-038, Lisboa (Portugal)

2008-07-01

The aim of this work was the evaluation of the potential of 9 Jerusalem artichoke varieties for the sustainable production of bio-ethanol in Portugal. The tubers, which are the part of the plant with higher sugar content, were harvested at different stages of development (29 to 55 weeks), and crashed for juice extraction. The two phases obtained were characterized in terms of total sugars, protein, ash and dry matter. The ethanol productivity of the different J. artichoke varieties was then evaluated fermenting juice or mixtures of juice and pulp aqueous extract with a strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus, a yeast able to hydrolyze and ferment inulin polymers. The chamical characteristic more dependable on the harvest period was the amount of total sugars in the tubers. Juices, obtained until 48 weeks development, contained 173 - 235 g/L of total sugars while juices from the last harvest presented markedly lower sugar contents, indicating crop degradation or sugar migration to the soil. Regarding the fermentative process, ethanol yields ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 g/g. The main conclusion of this work indicates C13 variety as the best. Although bearing a lower sugar concentration in tubers, the substantially higher agricultural productivities (kg/m2) after 8 months growing allowed to estimate productions higher than 10 000 L/ha.

Modeling of an integrated fermentation/membrane extraction process for the production of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate.

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Adler, Philipp; Hugen, Thorsten; Wiewiora, Marzena; Kunz, Benno

2011-03-07

An unstructured model for an integrated fermentation/membrane extraction process for the production of the aroma compounds 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 600 was developed. The extent to which this model, based only on data from the conventional fermentation and separation processes, provided an estimation of the integrated process was evaluated. The effect of product inhibition on specific growth rate and on biomass yield by both aroma compounds was approximated by multivariate regression. Simulations of the respective submodels for fermentation and the separation process matched well with experimental results. With respect to the in situ product removal (ISPR) process, the effect of reduced product inhibition due to product removal on specific growth rate and biomass yield was predicted adequately by the model simulations. Overall product yields were increased considerably in this process (4.0 g/L 2-PE+2-PEA vs. 1.4 g/L in conventional fermentation) and were even higher than predicted by the model. To describe the effect of product concentration on product formation itself, the model was extended using results from the conventional and the ISPR process, thus agreement between model and experimental data improved notably. Therefore, this model can be a useful tool for the development and optimization of an efficient integrated bioprocess. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The evaluation of kefir pure culture starter: Liquid-core capsule entrapping microorganisms isolated from kefir grains.

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Wang, Liang; Zhong, Hao; Liu, Keying; Guo, Aizhen; Qi, Xianghui; Cai, Meihong

2016-10-01

The main purpose of this study was to develop a pure culture starter for producing kefir. In order to accomplish starter recycling, yeasts (Kluyveromyces marxianus strain, Pichia kudriavzevii clone), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus kefiri strain F4Aa, Lactobacillus kefiri strain NM131-7, Lactobacillus kefiri strain NM132-3, Lactobacillus kefiri strain NM180-3, respectively), and acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter lovaniensis strain) were entrapped in liquid core capsules based on the distribution ratio in kefir grains. The microbiological, antimicrobial, and chemical properties of kefir made with capsules (M) and kefir grains (K) were measured and compared. According to the results of plate counts in different selective medium, the number of yeasts and bacteria in the liquid core capsules gradually increased and stabilized after eight fermentation cycles. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that almost all the aroma components existed in the two type of kefir, except the ethyl lactate. There was no significant difference in alcohol content, protein content, and fat content, except the acidity and sugar content. Water holding capacity of kefir K was higher than kefir M. There were 14 same free amino acids in kefir M and kefir K, and the content of most free amino acids was similar. In antimicrobial test, there was no significant difference in both kefirs. © The Author(s) 2016.

Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources

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Iwona Gientka

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L−1. Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid.

Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources.

Science.gov (United States)

Gientka, Iwona; Kieliszek, Marek; Jermacz, Karolina; Błażejak, Stanisław

2017-01-01

The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua , Debaryomyces hansenii , Kluyveromyces marxianus , Kazachstania unispora , and Zygotorulaspora florentina . We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L -1 . Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid.

Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources

Science.gov (United States)

Kieliszek, Marek; Jermacz, Karolina; Błażejak, Stanisław

2017-01-01

The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. The yeast isolates identified were Candida inconspicua, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kazachstania unispora, and Zygotorulaspora florentina. We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L−1. Kazachstania unispora was able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid. PMID:29098157

Occurrence of mycotoxins and yeasts and moulds identification in corn silages in tropical climate.

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Carvalho, B F; Ávila, C L S; Krempser, P M; Batista, L R; Pereira, M N; Schwan, R F

2016-05-01

This study was aimed to identify yeasts and moulds as well as to detect mycotoxin in corn silages in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Corn silages from 36 farms were sampled to analyse dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fibre, nonfibre carbohydrates and mycotoxins contents, yeasts and moulds population, pH and temperature values. The mycotoxins found in high frequency were aflatoxin in 77·7% of analysed samples, ochratoxin (33·3%) and zearalenone (22·2%). There was no significant correlation between the mycotoxin concentration and the presence of moulds. The pH was negatively correlated with ochratoxin concentration. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in all silages that presented growth of moulds. Ten different yeast species were identified using the culture-dependent method: Candida diversa, Candida ethanolica, Candida rugosa, Issatchenkia orientalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia manshurica, Pichia membranifaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon japonicum. Another six different yeast species were identified using the culture-independent method. A high mycotoxin contamination rate (91·6% of the analysed silages) was observed. The results indicated that conventional culturing and PCR-DGGE should be combined to optimally describe the microbiota associated with corn silage. This study provides information about the corn silage fermentation dynamics and our findings are relevant to optimization of this silage fermentation. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Yeast derived from lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable feed resource for use in aquaculture.

Science.gov (United States)

Øverland, Margareth; Skrede, Anders

2017-02-01

The global expansion in aquaculture production implies an emerging need of suitable and sustainable protein sources. Currently, the fish feed industry is dependent on high-quality protein sources of marine and plant origin. Yeast derived from processing of low-value and non-food lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable source of protein in fish diets. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexose and pentose sugars of lignocellulosic substrates and supplementary nutrients can be converted into protein-rich yeast biomass by fermentation. Studies have shown that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus have favourable amino acid composition and excellent properties as protein sources in diets for fish, including carnivorous species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Suitable downstream processing of the biomass to disrupt cell walls is required to secure high nutrient digestibility. A number of studies have shown various immunological and health benefits from feeding fish low levels of yeast and yeast-derived cell wall fractions. This review summarises current literature on the potential of yeast from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry. It is concluded that further research and development within yeast production can be important to secure the future sustainability and economic viability of intensive aquaculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Yeast Biomass Production in Brewery's Spent Grains Hemicellulosic Hydrolyzate

Science.gov (United States)

Duarte, Luís C.; Carvalheiro, Florbela; Lopes, Sónia; Neves, Ines; Gírio, Francisco M.

Yeast single-cell protein and yeast extract, in particular, are two products which have many feed, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. However, many of these applications are limited by their market price. Specifically, the yeast extract requirements for culture media are one of the major technical hurdles to be overcome for the development of low-cost fermentation routes for several top value chemicals in a biorefinery framework. A potential biotechnical solution is the production of yeast biomass from the hemicellulosic fraction stream. The growth of three pentose-assimilating yeast cell factories, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Pichia stipitis was compared using non-detoxified brewery's spent grains hemicellulosic hydrolyzate supplemented with mineral nutrients. The yeasts exhibited different specific growth rates, biomass productivities, and yields being D. hansenii as the yeast species that presented the best performance, assimilating all sugars and noteworthy consuming most of the hydrolyzate inhibitors. Under optimized conditions, D. hansenii displayed a maximum specific growth rate, biomass yield, and productivity of 0.34 h-1, 0.61 g g-1, and 0.56 g 1-1 h-1, respectively. The nutritional profile of D. hansenii was thoroughly evaluated, and it compares favorably to others reported in literature. It contains considerable amounts of some essential amino acids and a high ratio of unsaturated over saturated fatty acids.

La regulación de la biosíntesis de hemo en Kluyveromyces lactis: regulación transcripcional de los genes KIHEM1, KlHEM12 y análisis comparativo de los factores reguladores Hap1p y Srb10p en levaduras.

OpenAIRE

Núñez-Naveira, Laura

2011-01-01

[Resumen] Kluyveromyces lactis es una levadura de elevado interés biotecnológico que se diferencia de la levadura tradicional de estudio Saccharomyces cerevisiae en diversos aspectos de su metabolismo. Mientras que en condiciones de aerobiosis y con glucosa como fuente de carbono K. lactis posee un metabolismo fundamentalmente respirativo, S. cervisiae lo tiene fermentativo en el mismo contexto. Estas diferencias metabólicas podrían ser el reflejo de una diferente regulación transcrip...

Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces boulardii Induce Distinct Levels of Dendritic Cell Cytokine Secretion and Significantly Different T Cell Responses In Vitro

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Smith, Ida M; Baker, Adam; Christensen, Jeffrey E; Boekhout, Teun; Frøkiær, Hanne; Arneborg, Nils; Jespersen, Lene

2016-01-01

Interactions between members of the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system can significantly impact human health, and in this context, fungi and food-related yeasts are known to influence intestinal inflammation through direct interactions with specialized immune cells in vivo. The aim

Molecular analysis of UAS(E), a cis element containing stress response elements responsible for ethanol induction of the KlADH4 gene of Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

Mazzoni, C; Santori, F; Saliola, M; Falcone, C

2000-01-01

KlADH4 is a gene of Kluyveromyces lactis encoding a mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase activity, which is specifically induced by ethanol and insensitive to glucose repression. In this work, we report the molecular analysis of UAS(E), an element of the KlADH4 promoter which is essential for the induction of KlADH4 in the presence of ethanol. UAS(E) contains five stress response elements (STREs), which have been found in many genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in the response of cells to conditions of stress. Whereas KlADH4 is not responsive to stress conditions, the STREs present in UAS(E) seem to play a key role in the induction of the gene by ethanol, a situation that has not been observed in the related yeast S. cerevisiae. Gel retardation experiments showed that STREs in the KlADH4 promoter can bind factor(s) under non-inducing conditions. Moreover, we observed that the RAP1 binding site present in UAS(E) binds KlRap1p.

Secretion and properties of a hybrid Kluyveromyces lactis-Aspergillus niger β-galactosidase

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Becerra Manuel

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is a protein of outstanding biotechnological interest in the food industry and milk whey reutilization. However, due to its intracellular nature, its industrial production is limited by the high cost associated to extraction and downstream processing. The yeast-system is an attractive method for producing many heterologous proteins. The addition of a secretory signal in the recombinant protein is the method of choice to sort it out of the cell, although biotechnological success is not guaranteed. The cell wall acting as a molecular sieve to large molecules, culture conditions and structural determinants present in the protein, all have a decisive role in the overall process. Protein engineering, combining domains of related proteins, is an alternative to take into account when the task is difficult. In this work, we have constructed and analyzed two hybrid proteins from the β-galactosidase of K. lactis, intracellular, and its Aspergillus niger homologue that is extracellular. In both, a heterologous signal peptide for secretion was also included at the N-terminus of the recombinant proteins. One of the hybrid proteins obtained has interesting properties for its biotechnological utilization. Results The highest levels of intracellular and extracellular β-galactosidase were obtained when the segment corresponding to the five domain of K. lactis β-galactosidase was replaced by the corresponding five domain of the A. niger β-galactosidase. Taking into account that this replacement may affect other parameters related to the activity or the stability of the hybrid protein, a thoroughly study was performed. Both pH (6.5 and temperature (40°C for optimum activity differ from values obtained with the native proteins. The stability was higher than the corresponding to the β-galactosidase of K. lactis and, unlike this, the activity of the hybrid protein was increased by the presence

Perdeuteration and methyl-selective 1H, 13C-labeling by using a Kluyveromyces lactis expression system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyazawa-Onami, Mayumi; Takeuchi, Koh; Takano, Toshiaki; Sugiki, Toshihiko; Shimada, Ichio; Takahashi, Hideo

2013-01-01

The production of stable isotope-labeled proteins is critical in structural analyses of large molecular weight proteins using NMR. Although prokaryotic expression systems using Escherichia coli have been widely used for this purpose, yeast strains have also been useful for the expression of functional eukaryotic proteins. Recently, we reported a cost-effective stable isotope-labeled protein expression using the hemiascomycete yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (K. lactis), which allow us to express exogenous proteins at costs comparable to prokaryotic expression systems. Here, we report the successful production of highly deuterated (>90 %) protein in the K. lactis system. We also examined the methyl-selective 1 H, 13 C-labeling of Ile, Leu, and Val residues using commonly used amino acid precursors. The efficiency of 1 H- 13 C-incorporation varied significantly based on the amino acid. Although a high level of 1 H- 13 C-incorporation was observed for the Ile δ1 position, 1 H, 13 C-labeling rates of Val and Leu methyl groups were limited due to the mitochondrial localization of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and the lack of transporters for α-ketoisovalerate in the mitochondrial membrane. In line with this notion, the co-expression with branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase in the cytosol significantly improved the incorporation rates of amino acid precursors. Although it would be less cost-effective, addition of 13 C-labeled valine can circumvent problems associated with precursors and achieve high level 1 H, 13 C-labeling of Val and Leu. Taken together, the K. lactis system would be a good alternative for expressing large eukaryotic proteins that need deuteration and/or the methyl-selective 1 H, 13 C-labeling for the sensitive detection of NMR resonances

A functional food: a traditional Tarhana fermentation

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Merih KIVANÇ

Full Text Available Abstract White wheat flour, concentrated full fat yoghurt, tomato paste, onion, red and green paprika, and mint and salt are used in the preparation of Tarhana. During the 7-day Tarhana fermentation period, the acidity increased from 1.10% to 3.25%, the pH decreased from 5.22 to 4.13, and the moisture decreased from 70.12% to 26.15%. The chemical composition of the Tarhana at the end of fermentation was determined as: moisture 9.55%, protein 12.05%, total ash 5.65%, salt 5.65%, and fat 4.88%. During the fermentation, the lactic acid bacteria count of increased from 1.32 X 102 to 4.20 X 104 CFU/g, the total mesophilic aerobe bacteria count increased from 1.75 X 101 to 2.28 X 102 CFU/g, the yeast count increased from 3.45 X 10 1 to 2.40 X 105 CFU/g, the mould count from 1.55 X 10 1 to 2.45 X 104 CFU/g, in the content of Tarhana dough. It was observed that Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus durans, Pediococcus spp., Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria played a role during the fermentation of Tarhana dough. Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia mexicana, Pichia angusta, Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida sorboxylosa, Candida fluviatilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified during the Tarhana fermentation.

Contribution to interpretation of metal uptake dependence upon the growth phase of microorganisms. The case of uranium (VI) uptake by common yeasts, cultivated at different temperatures, with or without aeration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anagnostopoulos, V.A.; Symeopoulos, B.D.; Argyro Bekatorou

2011-01-01

The dependence of U(VI) uptake on the temperature of cell culture, the air flow during the cultivation process and the age of cells were studied. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Debaromyces hansenii were chosen as typical yeasts, which are widely used, in food industries. Our results revealed that the highest metal uptake was obtained from exponential phase cells, which had been cultivated at the optimum temperature of growth, while the air flow during the cultivation process, exhibited no significant effect on the metal uptake. A qualitative interpretation of bibliographic data, concerning the metal uptake on the age of cells is proposed, assuming that qualitative changes in the cell wall structure take place, as the cells pass from exponential to stationary phase, in addition to quantitative modifications, which have been reported in the literature. According to our interpretation, the relative abundances among quantitative and qualitative alterations of cell wall, determine which cells (exponential or stationary) exhibit the higher metal capacity. One type of the suggested qualitative modifications of surface constituent of cell wall, may have been caused by a shortening of a carboxylic acid carbon chain. This type of modification implies, as prerequisite, the decrease of pK a values of cell wall carboxyl groups, with the age of cells. An evidence, supporting our approach, may be the fact that the decrease of pK a values mentioned above, has been observed by other authors. (author)

Portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, POR-006 SKID D storage plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, O.D.; Keller, G.M.

1997-01-01

This document provides a storage plan for portable exhausters POR-004 SKID B, POR-005 SKID C, AND POR-006 SKID D. The exhausters will be stored until they are needed by the TWRS (Tank Waste Remediation Systems) Saltwell Pumping Program. The storage plan provides criteria for portable exhauster storage, periodic inspections during storage, and retrieval from storage

Condições fisiológicas que favorecem a síntese de ácido L-ascórbico (vitamina C) por culturas de Kluyveromyces lactis metabolicamente engenheirada

OpenAIRE

Alvim, Mariana Caroline Tocantins

2014-01-01

O ácido L-ascórbico (ALA) é produzido naturalmente por plantas a partir de D-glicose. Leveduras sintetizam um metabólito semelhante, o ácido D-eritroascórbico (ADEA). Embora este composto não mostre atividade contra o escorbuto, ele contém uma função antioxidante, mas é produzido pelo micro-organismo em baixas concentrações. Recentemente, com a finalidade de fazer as leveduras serem capazes de converter o componente D-galactose da D-lactose do soro de queijo em ALA, a linhagem selvagem de Klu...

Diversidad de levaduras asociadas a chichas tradicionales de Colombia

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William Andrés López-Arboleda

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Título en inglés: Yeast diversity associated to Colombian traditional “chichas” Resumen En Colombia el conocimiento de la comunidad levaduriforme ha sido limitado, ya que los estudios se han enfocado principalmente en especies de interés clínico. Las fermentaciones espontáneas a partir de diversos sustratos representan hábitats de gran importancia para el estudio de la dinámica de las poblaciones de levaduras nativas, por esta razón, en el presente estudio se aislaron e identificaron las levaduras asociadas a las chichas de maíz, piña y arracacha, que son bebidas fermentadas de manera artesanal en Colombia. Se realizó el aislamiento de las levaduras más representativas de la chicha durante sus tres fases de fermentación: inicial, tumultuosa y final. Inicialmente, se hizo una caracterización parcial de los aislados, que incluyó pruebas fisiológicas, y medición de su capacidad para producir filamentos y esporas. Sin embargo, debido a que estas técnicas no fueron suficientes para identificar los aislados hasta el nivel taxonómico de género o de especie, se complementó el estudio de cada aislado empleando técnicas moleculares basadas en el análisis de restricción del gen rRNA 5.8S y los espaciadores transcritos internos (ITS1 e ITS2. Cuando el empleo de esta técnica no permitió obtener resultados definitivos y para confirmar las asignaciones realizadas usando PCR-RFLPs, se secuenció el dominio D1/D2 del gen 26S rRNA de los aislados más representativos. Mediante estas técnicas se lograron identificar las especies más representativas de los tres tipos de chicha: Candida tropicalis, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia guilliermondii, Hanseniapora guilliermondii, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania exigua, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lypolitica, Candida parapsilosis, Debaromyces hansenii, Cryptococcus arboriformis

Diversidad de levaduras asociadas a chichas tradicionales de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William Andrés López-Arboleda

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Título en inglés: Yeast diversity associated to Colombian traditional “chichas” Resumen En Colombia el conocimiento de la comunidad levaduriforme ha sido limitado, ya que los estudios se han enfocado principalmente en especies de interés clínico. Las fermentaciones espontáneas a partir de diversos sustratos representan hábitats de gran importancia para el estudio de la dinámica de las poblaciones de levaduras nativas, por esta razón, en el presente estudio se aislaron e identificaron las levaduras asociadas a las chichas de maíz, piña y arracacha, que son bebidas fermentadas de manera artesanal en Colombia. Se realizó el aislamiento de las levaduras más representativas de la chicha durante sus tres fases de fermentación: inicial, tumultuosa y final. Inicialmente, se hizo una caracterización parcial de los aislados, que incluyó pruebas fisiológicas, y medición de su capacidad para producir filamentos y esporas. Sin embargo, debido a que estas técnicas no fueron suficientes para identificar los aislados hasta el nivel taxonómico de género o de especie, se complementó el estudio de cada aislado empleando técnicas moleculares basadas en el análisis de restricción del gen rRNA 5.8S y los espaciadores transcritos internos (ITS1 e ITS2. Cuando el empleo de esta técnica no permitió obtener resultados definitivos y para confirmar las asignaciones realizadas usando PCR-RFLPs, se secuenció el dominio D1/D2 del gen 26S rRNA de los aislados más representativos. Mediante estas técnicas se lograron identificar las especies más representativas de los tres tipos de chicha: Candida tropicalis, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia guilliermondii, Hanseniapora guilliermondii, Pichia fermentans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania exigua, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lypolitica, Candida parapsilosis, Debaromyces hansenii, Cryptococcus arboriformis

Developing a xylanase XYNZG from Plectosphaerella cucumerina for baking by heterologously expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhan, Fei Xiang; Wang, Qin Hong; Jiang, Si Jing; Zhou, Yu Ling; Zhang, Gui Min; Ma, Yan He

2014-12-16

Xylanase can replace chemical additives to improve the volume and sensory properties of bread in the baking. Suitable baking xylanase with improved yield will promote the application of xylanase in baking industry. The xylanase XYNZG from the Plectosphaerella cucumerina has been previously characterized by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. However, P. pastoris is not a suitable host for xylanase to be used in the baking process since P. pastoris does not have GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status and requires large methanol supplement during the fermentation in most conditions, which is not allowed to be used in the food industry. Kluyveromyces lactis, as another yeast expression host, has a GRAS status, which has been successfully used in food and feed applications. No previous work has been reported concerning the heterologous expression of xylanase gene xynZG in K. lactis with an aim for application in baking. The xylanase gene xynZG from the P. cucumerina was heterologously expressed in K. lactis. The recombinant protein XYNZG in K. lactis presented an approximately 19 kDa band on SDS-PAGE and zymograms analysis. Transformant with the highest halo on the plate containing the RBB-xylan (Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan) was selected for the flask fermentation in different media. The results indicated that the highest activity of 115 U/ml at 72 h was obtained with the YLPU medium. The mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the hydrolytic products of xylan by XYNZG were mainly xylobiose and xylotriose. The results of baking trials indicated that the addition of XYNZG could reduce the kneading time of dough, increase the volume of bread, improve the texture, and have more positive effects on the sensory properties of bread. Xylanase XYNZG is successfully expressed in K. lactis, which exhibits the highest activity among the published reports of the xylanase expression in K. lactis. The recombinant XYNZG can be used to improve the volume and sensory

Celulitis por citomegalovirus

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A. Ruiz Lascano

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.

Maitrise de la fermentation alcoolique sous stress éthanolique, thermique et osmotique de la souche Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS-DN1 en vue de la préparation du vinaigre de fruits

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Majid MOUNIR

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the present study is to isolate, identify and characterize new yeast species of industrial interest. A total of 54 strains were isolated and identified from agricultural raw products and from by-products of the food industry. Among these, four strains were selected, purified and tested for their ability to perform efficient fermentation on Bouslikhène date juice. After the sequencing of the 18S gene of the ribosomal DNA, the two strains YS-DN1 and YS-M isolated respectively from dates and molasses have been identified belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. In addition, the other two strains, YS-OMP and YS-G isolated from olives and grapes belonged to Kluyveromyces marxianus (78% homology and Candida utilis (89% homology species, respectively. In addition, YS-DN1 strain showed the highest performance in terms of ethanol production in comparison with two other industrial reference strains. YS-DN1 strain was the only one that was able to grow at a temperature ranged from 35 to 40°C in the presence of a high alcoholic concentration and aggressive osmotic pressure condition. Finally, production of the cellular biomass of YS-DN1 strain was improved by optimization of temperature, Brix and pH fixed respectively at 29.75°C, 15.7% and 4.15. These values allowed to obtain a maximum of cells of about 8.4x10 8 UFC/ml. It was concluded that this strain is well suited for fruit vinegar production at a large-scale.

Thermotolerant and mesophylic fungi from sugarcane bagasse and their prospection for biomass-degrading enzyme production

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Bruna Silveira Lamanes dos Santos

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Nineteen fungi and seven yeast strains were isolated from sugarcane bagasse piles from an alcohol plant located at Brazilian Cerrado and identified up to species level on the basis of the gene sequencing of 5.8S-ITS and 26S ribosomal DNA regions. Four species were identified: Kluyveromyces marxianus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sydowii and Aspergillus fumigatus, and the isolates were screened for the production of key enzymes in the saccharification of lignocellulosic material. Among them, three strains were selected as good producers of hemicellulolitic enzymes: A. niger (SBCM3, A. sydowii (SBCM7 and A. fumigatus (SBC4. The best β-xylosidase producer was A. niger SBCM3 strain. This crude enzyme presented optimal activity at pH 3.5 and 55 °C (141 U/g. For β-glucosidase and xylanase the best producer was A. fumigatus SBC4 strain, whose enzymes presented maximum activity at 60 °C and pH 3.5 (54 U/g and 4.0 (573 U/g, respectively. All these crude enzymes presented stability around pH 3.0–8.0 and up to 60 °C, which can be very useful in industrial processes that work at high temperatures and low pHs. These enzymes also exhibited moderate tolerance to ethanol and the sugars glucose and xylose. These similar characteristics among these fungal crude enzymes suggest that they can be used synergistically in cocktails in future studies of biomass conversion with potential application in several biotechnological sectors.

Yeasts are essential for cocoa bean fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Van Thi Thuy; Zhao, Jian; Fleet, Graham

2014-03-17

Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) are the major raw material for chocolate production and fermentation of the beans is essential for the development of chocolate flavor precursors. In this study, a novel approach was used to determine the role of yeasts in cocoa fermentation and their contribution to chocolate quality. Cocoa bean fermentations were conducted with the addition of 200ppm Natamycin to inhibit the growth of yeasts, and the resultant microbial ecology and metabolism, bean chemistry and chocolate quality were compared with those of normal (control) fermentations. The yeasts Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii and Kluyveromyces marxianus, the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum and the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateurii were the major species found in the control fermentation. In fermentations with the presence of Natamycin, the same bacterial species grew but yeast growth was inhibited. Physical and chemical analyses showed that beans fermented without yeasts had increased shell content, lower production of ethanol, higher alcohols and esters throughout fermentation and lesser presence of pyrazines in the roasted product. Quality tests revealed that beans fermented without yeasts were purplish-violet in color and not fully brown, and chocolate prepared from these beans tasted more acid and lacked characteristic chocolate flavor. Beans fermented with yeast growth were fully brown in color and gave chocolate with typical characters which were clearly preferred by sensory panels. Our findings demonstrate that yeast growth and activity were essential for cocoa bean fermentation and the development of chocolate characteristics. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electron transport chain in a thermotolerant yeast.

Science.gov (United States)

Mejía-Barajas, Jorge A; Martínez-Mora, José A; Salgado-Garciglia, Rafael; Noriega-Cisneros, Ruth; Ortiz-Avila, Omar; Cortés-Rojo, Christian; Saavedra-Molina, Alfredo

2017-04-01

Yeasts capable of growing and surviving at high temperatures are regarded as thermotolerant. For appropriate functioning of cellular processes and cell survival, the maintenance of an optimal redox state is critical of reducing and oxidizing species. We studied mitochondrial functions of the thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus SLP1 and the mesophilic OFF1 yeasts, through the evaluation of its mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ), ATPase activity, electron transport chain (ETC) activities, alternative oxidase activity, lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial membrane potential and the cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ ions (Ca 2+ cyt) increased in the SLP1 yeast when exposed to high temperature, compared with the mesophilic yeast OFF1. ATPase activity in the mesophilic yeast diminished 80% when exposed to 40° while the thermotolerant SLP1 showed no change, despite an increase in the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. The SLP1 thermotolerant yeast exposed to high temperature showed a diminution of 33% of the oxygen consumption in state 4. The uncoupled state 3 of oxygen consumption did not change in the mesophilic yeast when it had an increase of temperature, whereas in the thermotolerant SLP1 yeast resulted in an increase of 2.5 times when yeast were grown at 30 o , while a decrease of 51% was observed when it was exposed to high temperature. The activities of the ETC complexes were diminished in the SLP1 when exposed to high temperature, but also it was distinguished an alternative oxidase activity. Our results suggest that the mitochondria state, particularly ETC state, is an important characteristic of the thermotolerance of the SLP1 yeast strain.

Portable exhauster POR-007/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F storage plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, O.D.

1998-01-01

This document provides storage requirements for 1,000 CFM portable exhausters POR-O07/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F. These requirements are presented in three parts: preparation for storage, storage maintenance and testing, and retrieval from storage. The exhauster component identification numbers listed in this document contain the prefix POR-007 or POR-008 depending on which exhauster is being used

DESAJUSTE EDUCATIVO POR REGIONES EN COLOMBIA: ¿COMPETENCIA POR SALARIOS O POR PUESTOS DE TRABAJO?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maribel Castillo Caicedo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación, entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

Desajuste educativo por regiones en Colombia: ¿competencia por salarios o por puestos de trabajo?

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Castillo Caicedo Maribel

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta una perspectiva del fenómeno de la sobreeducación,
entendida como un desajuste por exceso, entre el nivel educativo alcanzado
por el individuo y el exigido por el puesto de trabajo en el cual se
desempeña; esto se debe a que existe una demanda laboral estrecha de
puestos de trabajo para personas calificadas en Colombia. Se analizan las
contribuciones empíricas existentes y el debate sobre las mismas; se
examinan las teorías que permiten explicar la existencia de un desajuste
educativo y se realiza una revisión de la literatura internacional y
nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se plantean una serie de hipótesis
para desarrollar un esquema que permita determinar el comportamiento
del individuo en el fenómeno de la sobreeducación.

Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

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Dhana G Gorasia

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The type IX secretion system (T9SS has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

Structural Insights into the PorK and PorN Components of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Type IX Secretion System.

Science.gov (United States)

Gorasia, Dhana G; Veith, Paul D; Hanssen, Eric G; Glew, Michelle D; Sato, Keiko; Yukitake, Hideharu; Nakayama, Koji; Reynolds, Eric C

2016-08-01

The type IX secretion system (T9SS) has been recently discovered and is specific to Bacteroidetes species. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontitis, utilizes the T9SS to transport many proteins including the gingipain virulence factors across the outer membrane and attach them to the cell surface via a sortase-like mechanism. At least 11 proteins have been identified as components of the T9SS including PorK, PorL, PorM, PorN and PorP, however the precise roles of most of these proteins have not been elucidated and the structural organization of these components is unknown. In this study, we purified PorK and PorN complexes from P. gingivalis and using electron microscopy we have shown that PorN and the PorK lipoprotein interact to form a 50 nm diameter ring-shaped structure containing approximately 32-36 subunits of each protein. The formation of these rings was dependent on both PorK and PorN, but was independent of PorL, PorM and PorP. PorL and PorM were found to form a separate stable complex. PorK and PorN were protected from proteinase K cleavage when present in undisrupted cells, but were rapidly degraded when the cells were lysed, which together with bioinformatic analyses suggests that these proteins are exposed in the periplasm and anchored to the outer membrane via the PorK lipid. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the interaction between PorK and PorN and further revealed that they interact with the PG0189 outer membrane protein. Furthermore, we established that PorN was required for the stable expression of PorK, PorL and PorM. Collectively, these results suggest that the ring-shaped PorK/N complex may form part of the secretion channel of the T9SS. This is the first report showing the structural organization of any T9SS component.

The PorX response regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY two-component system does not directly regulate the Type IX secretion genes but binds the PorL subunit.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maxence S Vincent

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The Type IX secretion system (T9SS is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion of surface attachment of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of the porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we showed that PorX does not bind and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS.

The PorX Response Regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis PorXY Two-Component System Does Not Directly Regulate the Type IX Secretion Genes but Binds the PorL Subunit

Science.gov (United States)

Vincent, Maxence S.; Durand, Eric; Cascales, Eric

2016-01-01

The Type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a versatile multi-protein complex restricted to bacteria of the Bacteriodetes phylum and responsible for the secretion or cell surface exposition of diverse proteins that participate to S-layer formation, gliding motility or pathogenesis. The T9SS is poorly characterized but a number of proteins involved in the assembly of the secretion apparatus in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified based on genome substractive analyses. Among these proteins, PorY, and PorX encode typical two-component system (TCS) sensor and CheY-like response regulator respectively. Although the porX and porY genes do not localize at the same genetic locus, it has been proposed that PorXY form a bona fide TCS. Deletion of porX in P. gingivalis causes a slight decrease of the expression of a number of other T9SS genes, including sov, porT, porP, porK, porL, porM, porN, and porY. Here, we show that PorX and the soluble cytoplasmic domain of PorY interact. Using electrophoretic mobility shift, DNA-protein co-purification and heterologous host expression assays, we demonstrate that PorX does not bind T9SS gene promoters and does not directly regulate expression of the T9SS genes. Finally, we show that PorX interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of PorL, a component of the T9SS membrane core complex and propose that the CheY-like PorX protein might be involved in the dynamics of the T9SS. PMID:27630829

Temperature and relative humidity influence the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of Camembert-type cheese ripening.

Science.gov (United States)

Leclercq-Perlat, M-N; Sicard, M; Trelea, I C; Picque, D; Corrieu, G

2012-08-01

To evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on microbial and biochemical ripening kinetics, Camembert-type cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk seeded with Kluyveromyces marxianus, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium camemberti, and Brevibacterium aurantiacum. Microorganism growth and biochemical changes were studied under different ripening temperatures (8, 12, and 16°C) and RH (88, 92, and 98%). The central point runs (12°C, 92% RH) were both reproducible and repeatable, and for each microbial and biochemical parameter, 2 kinetic descriptors were defined. Temperature had significant effects on the growth of both K. marxianus and G. candidum, whereas RH did not affect it. Regardless of the temperature, at 98% RH the specific growth rate of P. camemberti spores was significantly higher [between 2 (8°C) and 106 times (16°C) higher]. However, at 16°C, the appearance of the rind was no longer suitable because mycelia were damaged. Brevibacterium aurantiacum growth depended on both temperature and RH. At 8°C under 88% RH, its growth was restricted (1.3 × 10(7) cfu/g), whereas at 16°C and 98% RH, its growth was favored, reaching 7.9 × 10(9) cfu/g, but the rind had a dark brown color after d 20. Temperature had a significant effect on carbon substrate consumption rates in the core as well as in the rind. In the rind, when temperature was 16°C rather than 8°C, the lactate consumption rate was approximately 2.9 times higher under 88% RH. Whatever the RH, temperature significantly affected the increase in rind pH (from 4.6 to 7.7 ± 0.2). At 8°C, an increase in rind pH was observed between d 6 and 9, whereas at 16°C, it was between d 2 and 3. Temperature and RH affected the increasing rate of the underrind thickness: at 16°C, half of the cheese thickness appeared ripened on d 14 (wrapping day). However, at 98% RH, the underrind was runny. In conclusion, some descriptors, such as yeast growth and the pH in the rind, depended solely on

Encefalopatía por priones

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Carlos Colegial

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Las encefalopatías espongiformes por priones son enfermedades neurodegenerativas que pueden ser esporádicas o transmisibles, ya sea por mecanismos infecciosos o hereditarios. Su investigación ha planteado enormes retos y en el recorrido histórico en busca de su causa dos médicos han recibido el premio Nobel de Medicina: Carleton Gajdusek, por sus trabajos en Nueva Guinea donde describió la transmisión infecciosa por ritos canibalísticos, que llevó a estudios de transmisión experimental en chimpancés y a su teoría de los "virus lentos" (por el largo período de incubación de la enfermedad.

Sustainable utilization of ressources. Production of ethanol from dairy waste streams; Nachhaltige Verwertung von Wertstoffstroemen. Gewinnung von Ethanol aus einem Reststoff der Molkeverarbeitung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benecke, Christian

2011-07-01

The worldwide increasing demand for cheese and dairy products leads to a steady increase of whey production. Today, whey is no more considered as waste, but serves as source for materials like lactose and proteins. At the end of this process a whey concentrate is released, which contains still a significant content of lactose. This lactose could not be obtained in the desired quality. This thesis describes a method to increase added value from the utilization-process of whey. To achieve this intent, methods where evaluated, to use the remaining lactose as a substrate for the fermentation to ethanol. Yeasts of the strain Kluyveromyces marxianus were evaluated for the use in this process. The degradation rate of the substrate and a maximized conversion were the main objectives. For the growth of the yeast cells, a method was developed, which uses only whey concentrate as substrate and avoids the usage of other materials for nutrition. The method was optimized in consideration of initial substrate concentration and degradation rate. The high content of salts in the whey concentrate leads to the further investigations of inhabitating or proliferating effects of different anions and cations on the used yeast cells. It becomes obvious, that a desalting or dilution of the used whey concentrate is mandatory. For that purpose, the nanofiltration was applied successfully to this process. The usage of not desalted whey concentrate is also possible. With an adequate dilution of the whey concentrate, relative yields of ca. 90% could be achieved. With a significant increase of the initial biomass, the duration of the fermentation process could be halved to ca. 25 h. (orig.)

Manufacture of a beverage from cheese whey using a "tea fungus" fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Belloso-Morales, Genette; Hernández-Sánchez, Humberto

2003-01-01

Kombucha is a sour beverage reported to have potential health effects prepared from the fermentation of black tea and sugar with a "tea fungus", a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. Although black tea is the preferred substrate for Kombucha fermentation, other beverages have also been tested as substrates with fair results. Cheese whey is a by-product with a good amount of fermentable lactose that has been used before in the production of beverages, so the objective of this study was to test three types of whey (fresh sweet, fresh acid and reconstituted sweet) in the elaboration of a fermented beverage using a kombucha culture as inoculum. The isolation and identification of bacteria and yeasts from the fermented tea and wheys was done along with the study of the rates of change in sugar consumption, acid production and pH decrease. Several species of acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. industrius, subsp. oxydans and Gluconoacetobacter xylinus) were isolated from the different kombuchas along with the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Brettanomyces bruxelensis. The main metabolic products in the fermented wheys included ethanol, lactic and acetic acids. A good growth was obtained in both sweet wheys in which a pH of 3.3 and a total acid content (mainly lactic and acetic acids) of 0.07 mol/l was reached after 96 h. The sweet whey fermented beverages contained a relatively low lactose concentration (< 12 g/l). The final ethanol content was low (5 g/l) in all the fermented wheys. The whey products were strongly sour and salty non sparkling beverages.

Casipoemas por Navidad : (1969-2010)

OpenAIRE

Sena Medina, Guillermo

2011-01-01

PRESENTACIÓN AL AIRE DE LA POESÍA RELIGIOSA Y NAVIDEÑA DE GUILLERMO SENA MEDINA Constituye un gran honor hacer la presentación de Guillermo Sena Medina por un doble motivo; por la larga y sincera amistad que nos une desde hace muchos años al socaire de nuestra común afición por la Historia, como cronistas oficiales de nuestros municipios; y, sobre todo y particularmente, por su rica y profunda personalidad como hombre de letras, nacida de su aún más rica y profunda personalidad humana. A...

Use of synthetic genes for cloning, production and functional expression of the bacteriocins enterocin A and bacteriocin E 50-52 by Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez, Juan J; Borrero, Juan; Gútiez, Loreto; Arbulu, Sara; Herranz, Carmen; Cintas, Luis M; Hernández, Pablo E

2014-06-01

The use of synthetic genes may constitute a successful approach for the heterologous production and functional expression of bacterial antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) by recombinant yeasts. In this work, synthetic genes with adapted codon usage designed from the mature amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin enterocin A (EntA), produced by Enterococcus faecium T136, and the mature bacteriocin E 50-52 (BacE50-52), produced by E. faecium NRRL B-32746, were synthesized. The synthetic entA and bacE50-52 were cloned into the protein expression vectors pPICZαA and pKLAC2 for transformation of derived vectors into Pichia pastoris X-33 and Kluyveromyces lactis GG799, respectively. The recombinant vectors were linearized and transformed into competent cells selecting for P. pastoris X-33EAS (entA), P. pastoris X-33BE50-52S (bacE50-52), K. lactis GG799EAS (entA), and K. lactis GG799BE50-52S (bacE50-52). P. pastoris X-33EAS and K. lactis GG799EAS, but not P. pastoris X-33BE50-52S and K. lactis GG799BE50-52S, showed antimicrobial activity in their supernatants. However, purification of the supernatants of the producer yeasts permitted recovery of the bacteriocins EntA and BacE50-52. Both purified bacteriocins were active against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes but not against Gram-negative bacteria, including Campylobacter jejuni.

Evolution of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases (POR) in Apiales - POR 1 is missing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Trine Bundgaard; Hansen, Niels Bjørn; Laursen, Tomas

2016-01-01

The NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the obligate electron donor to eukaryotic microsomal cytochromes P450 enzymes. The number of PORs within plant species is limited to one to four isoforms, with the most common being two PORs per plant. These enzymes provide electrons to ...... (available from the SRA at NCBI). All three genes were shown to be functional upon reconstitution into nanodiscs, confirming that none of the isoforms are pseudogenes....

Osteomalacia inducida por tumor: hemangiopericitoma rinosinusal

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Enriqueta M. Serafini

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La osteomalacia inducida por tumor es una rara enfermedad del metabolismo óseo caracterizada por el aumento en la excreción de fosfato a nivel renal seguido de hipofosfatemia. Es causada por agentes fosfatúricos producidos por determinados tumores. La resección total del tumor resulta en la completa reversión de las anormalidades bioquímicas, la desaparición de las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cuadro clínico y laboratorio compatibles con osteomalacia oncogénica inducida por tumor mesenquimático de localización rinosinusal. En nuestro caso el diagnóstico histológico correspondió a una neoplasia de tipo vascular: hemangiopericitoma.

EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2015. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis in Colief® and a reduction of gastrointestinal discomfort pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tetens, Inge

2015-01-01

provided in the publication and that supplied later by the applicant was inadequate to allow a scientific evaluation. The second study with methodological limitations showed an effect of the food on crying time in infants fed exclusively with milk. This study also provided some evidence for the proposed...... an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis in Colief® and a reduction of gastrointestinal discomfort. The Panel considers that the food is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. A reduction of gastrointestinal...... discomfort is a beneficial physiological effect for infants and young children. The applicant provided two human intervention studies for the substantiation of the health claim. No conclusions could be drawn from one of the two studies for the scientific substantiation of the claim, as the information...

Porøse materialer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

2000-01-01

Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM).......Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM)....

Functional and Structural Characterization of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Kluyveromyces lactis and Its Potential Applications in Reducing Purine Content in Food.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahor, Durga; Priyanka, Anu; Prasad, Gandham S; Thakur, Krishan Gopal

2016-01-01

Consumption of foods and beverages with high purine content increases the risk of hyperuricemia, which causes gout and can lead to cardiovascular, renal, and other metabolic disorders. As patients often find dietary restrictions challenging, enzymatically lowering purine content in popular foods and beverages offers a safe and attractive strategy to control hyperuricemia. Here, we report structurally and functionally characterized purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlacPNP), a key enzyme involved in the purine degradation pathway. We report a 1.97 Å resolution crystal structure of homotrimeric KlacPNP with an intrinsically bound hypoxanthine in the active site. KlacPNP belongs to the nucleoside phosphorylase-I (NP-I) family, and it specifically utilizes 6-oxopurine substrates in the following order: inosine > guanosine > xanthosine, but is inactive towards adenosine. To engineer enzymes with broad substrate specificity, we created two point variants, KlacPNPN256D and KlacPNPN256E, by replacing the catalytically active Asn256 with Asp and Glu, respectively, based on structural and comparative sequence analysis. KlacPNPN256D not only displayed broad substrate specificity by utilizing both 6-oxopurines and 6-aminopurines in the order adenosine > inosine > xanthosine > guanosine, but also displayed reversal of substrate specificity. In contrast, KlacPNPN256E was highly specific to inosine and could not utilize other tested substrates. Beer consumption is associated with increased risk of developing gout, owing to its high purine content. Here, we demonstrate that KlacPNP and KlacPNPN256D could be used to catalyze a key reaction involved in lowering beer purine content. Biochemical properties of these enzymes such as activity across a wide pH range, optimum activity at about 25°C, and stability for months at about 8°C, make them suitable candidates for food and beverage industries. Since KlacPNPN256D has broad substrate specificity, a

Verdad por definición

OpenAIRE

Garrido Garrido, Julián

1997-01-01

Not available.La verdad por definición es un tipo peculiar de verdad científica, distinguible de las verdades lógicas, matemáticas y empíricas. La definición, por su parte, designa diversos procedimientos de asignación de significado, cuyas diferencias exigen una adjetivación cuidadosa: definiciones ostensivas y operacionales, definiciones de diccionario y definiciones teóricas. Pero sólo las del último tipo son verdaderas por definición. En el presente artículo se precisa el concepto formal ...

Electrocardiografo por computadora

OpenAIRE

Tinoco Hernandez, Rosanna; Paredes Bejarano, Margarita; Romero Chaglia, Norman; Yapur Auad, Miguel Eduardo

2009-01-01

El presente trabajo trata sobrees el diseño y la implementación de un graficador de señales cardiacas por computadora, para lo cual diseñamos un circuito electrónico capaz de recibir la senal analógica proveniente de la actividad electrica del corazón , amplificarla, y luego convertirla en una señal digital para ser procesada por software y finalmente ser graficada, siendo posible así observar la señal cardiaca en el monitor de un computador como un tren de pulsos. Cabe destacar que par...

Enhanced exo-inulinase activity and stability by fusion of an inulin-binding module.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Shun-Hua; Liu, Yuan; Zhao, Yu-Juan; Chi, Zhe; Chi, Zhen-Ming; Liu, Guang-Lei

2016-09-01

In this study, an inulin-binding module from Bacillus macerans was successfully fused to an exo-inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus, creating a hybrid functional enzyme. The recombinant exo-inulinase (rINU), the hybrid enzyme (rINUIBM), and the recombinant inulin-binding module (rIBM) were, respectively, heterologously expressed and biochemically characterized. It was found that both the inulinase activity and the catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m(app)) of the rINUIBM were considerably higher than those of rINU. Though the rINU and the rINUIBM shared the same optimum pH of 4.5, the optimum temperature of the rINUIBM (60 °C) was 5 °C higher than that of the rINU. Notably, the fused IBM significantly enhanced both the pH stability and the thermostability of the rINUIBM, suggesting that the rINUIBM obtained would have more extensive potential applications. Furthermore, the fusion of the IBM could substantially improve the inulin-binding capability of the rINUIBM, which was consistent with the determination of the K m(app). This meant that the fused IBM could play a critical role in the recognition of polysaccharides and enhanced the hydrolase activity of the associated inulinase by increasing enzyme-substrate proximity. Besides, the extra supplement of the independent non-catalytic rIBM could also improve the inulinase activity of the rINU. However, this improvement was much better in case of the fusion. Consequently, the IBM could be designated as a multifunctional domain that was responsible for the activity enhancement, the stabilization, and the substrate binding of the rINUIBM. All these features obtained in this study make the rINUIBM become an attractive candidate for an efficient inulin hydrolysis.

Candida utilis and Chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L..

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Fabian Grammes

Full Text Available Intestinal inflammation, caused by impaired intestinal homeostasis, is a serious condition in both animals and humans. The use of conventional extracted soybean meal (SBM in diets for Atlantic salmon and several other fish species is known to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine, a condition often referred to as SBM induced enteropathy (SBMIE. In the present study, we investigated the potential of different microbial ingredients to alleviate SBMIE in Atlantic salmon, as a model of feed-induced inflammation. The dietary treatments consisted of a negative control based on fish meal (FM, a positive control based on 20% SBM, and four experimental diets combining 20% SBM with either one of the three yeasts Candida utilis (CU, Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC or the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (CV. Histopathological examination of the distal intestine showed that all fish fed the SC or SBM diets developed characteristic signs of SBMIE, while those fed the FM, CV or CU diets showed a healthy intestine. Fish fed the KM diet showed intermediate signs of SBMIE. Corroborating results were obtained when measuring the relative length of PCNA positive cells in the crypts of the distal intestine. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed decreased expression of amino acid, fat and drug metabolism pathways as well as increased expression of the pathways for NOD-like receptor signalling and chemokine signalling in both the SC and SBM groups while CV and CU were similar to FM and KM was intermediate. Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the groups showing SBMIE. The characterisation of microbial communities using PCR-DGGE showed a relative increased abundance of Firmicutes bacteria in fish fed the SC or SBM diets. Overall, our results show that both CU and CV were highly effective to counteract SBMIE, while KM had less effect and SC had no functional effects.

Sustainable conversion of coffee and other crop wastes to biofuels and bioproducts using coupled biochemical and thermochemical processes in a multi-stage biorefinery concept.

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, Stephen R; López-Núñez, Juan Carlos; Jones, Marjorie A; Moser, Bryan R; Cox, Elby J; Lindquist, Mitch; Galindo-Leva, Luz Angela; Riaño-Herrera, Néstor M; Rodriguez-Valencia, Nelson; Gast, Fernando; Cedeño, David L; Tasaki, Ken; Brown, Robert C; Darzins, Al; Brunner, Lane

2014-10-01

The environmental impact of agricultural waste from the processing of food and feed crops is an increasing concern worldwide. Concerted efforts are underway to develop sustainable practices for the disposal of residues from the processing of such crops as coffee, sugarcane, or corn. Coffee is crucial to the economies of many countries because its cultivation, processing, trading, and marketing provide employment for millions of people. In coffee-producing countries, improved technology for treatment of the significant amounts of coffee waste is critical to prevent ecological damage. This mini-review discusses a multi-stage biorefinery concept with the potential to convert waste produced at crop processing operations, such as coffee pulping stations, to valuable biofuels and bioproducts using biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies. The initial bioconversion stage uses a mutant Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast strain to produce bioethanol from sugars. The resulting sugar-depleted solids (mostly protein) can be used in a second stage by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce bio-based ammonia for fertilizer and are further degraded by Y. lipolytica proteases to peptides and free amino acids for animal feed. The lignocellulosic fraction can be ground and treated to release sugars for fermentation in a third stage by a recombinant cellulosic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can also be engineered to express valuable peptide products. The residual protein and lignin solids can be jet cooked and passed to a fourth-stage fermenter where Rhodotorula glutinis converts methane into isoprenoid intermediates. The residues can be combined and transferred into pyrocracking and hydroformylation reactions to convert ammonia, protein, isoprenes, lignins, and oils into renewable gas. Any remaining waste can be thermoconverted to biochar as a humus soil enhancer. The integration of multiple technologies for treatment of coffee waste has the potential to

The effect of lactic acid bacteria on cocoa bean fermentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Van Thi Thuy; Zhao, Jian; Fleet, Graham

2015-07-16

Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are the raw material for chocolate production. Fermentation of cocoa pulp by microorganisms is crucial for developing chocolate flavor precursors. Yeasts conduct an alcoholic fermentation within the bean pulp that is essential for the production of good quality beans, giving typical chocolate characters. However, the roles of bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in contributing to the quality of cocoa bean and chocolate are not fully understood. Using controlled laboratory fermentations, this study investigated the contribution of lactic acid bacteria to cocoa bean fermentation. Cocoa beans were fermented under conditions where the growth of lactic acid bacteria was restricted by the use of nisin and lysozyme. The resultant microbial ecology, chemistry and chocolate quality of beans from these fermentations were compared with those of indigenous (control) fermentations. The yeasts Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus fermentum and the acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateurii were the major species found in control fermentations. In fermentations with the presence of nisin and lysozyme, the same species of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria grew but the growth of lactic acid bacteria was prevented or restricted. These beans underwent characteristic alcoholic fermentation where the utilization of sugars and the production of ethanol, organic acids and volatile compounds in the bean pulp and nibs were similar for beans fermented in the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid was produced during both fermentations but more so when lactic acid bacteria grew. Beans fermented in the presence or absence of lactic acid bacteria were fully fermented, had similar shell weights and gave acceptable chocolates with no differences

Celulitis por citomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus cellulitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Ruiz Lascano

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.Cutaneous lesions in CMV infection are rare, often a late manifestation of systemic infection, and usually herald a fatal course. A 70 year-old woman received a kidney transplantation one month before consulting and immunosuppressive therapy that included cyclosporine A and methylprednisone. She complained of fever, local pain in her right leg, and an erythematous and swelling plaque. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics without improvement. A skin biopsy was performed and the tissue obtained was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures as well as for histological examination. Cultures were negative. The biopsy showed CMV cytopathic changes. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for CMV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR testing revealed CMV DNA. She was treated with ganciclovir with resolution of the lesion. CMV cellulitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation

Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

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Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE, para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (IDP para cada año. Resultados. Se registraron 232 541 muertes por cáncer en el período 2000-2010. Los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron de mama, estómago y vesícula biliar en mujeres; y estómago, próstata y pulmón en hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer estandarizadas por edad fueron mayores en los NE más bajos, excepto para el de mama en mujer y el de pulmón en hombres. Las mayores diferencias se encontraron en el de vesícula biliar en mujeres y el de estómago en hombres, con mayores tasas de mortalidad específica de hasta 49 y 63 veces respectivamente, para NE bajo respecto al NE alto. Entre 2000 y 2010, las diferencias en mortalidad por NE se redujeron para todos los cánceres combinados en ambos géneros, mama en mujeres, y pulmón y estómago en hombres. Conclusiones. Durante el período estudiado, la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile estuvo fuertemente asociada al NE de la población. Esta información debe ser considerada al definir estrategias nacionales para reducir la mortalidad específica por cáncer en los grupos más desprotegidos.

Muerte materna por malaria grave por Plasmodium vivax

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Nancy Arróspide

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 19 años con 29 semanas de gestación, procedente de Llumpe (Ancash con antecedentes de viajes a las localidades de Chanchamayo (Junín y Rinconada (Ancash. Ingresó al Hospital de Chacas (Ancash por presentar mal estado general, deshidratación, dificultad respiratoria, ictericia, sensación de alza térmica y dolor abdominal, tuvo reporte de: hemoparásitos 60% en frotis sanguíneo. Fue transferida al Hospital Ramos Guardia (Huaraz donde presentó mayor dificultad respiratoria, coluria, hematuria, disminución del débito urinario y reporte de Plasmodium (+, luego fue transferida al Hospital Cayetano Heredia (Lima donde ingresó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI, con evolución a falla multiorgánica, óbito fetal y muerte materna. Se confirmó infección por Plasmodium vivax. Destacamos la importancia de mejorar nuestras capacidades de diagnóstico y manejo para brindar un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno.

Desenvolvimento de um kit de irrigação por microtubos com moto-bomba propulsionada por energia solar

OpenAIRE

Luiz Ricardo Sobenko

2016-01-01

O bombeamento de água por meio da energia solar vem se mostrando uma alternativa para localidades onde outras fontes de energia não estão disponíveis ou são limitadas. Torna-se interessante aliar essa alternativa a um sistema de irrigação que opera com vazão e pressão relativamente baixas, como a irrigação localizada por microtubos, possibilitando assim a obtenção de alta eficiência. No presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo dimensionar e avaliar um kit de irrigação por microtubos, alimentado...

Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional, 2000-2010

OpenAIRE

Cristian A. Herrera Riquelme; Lucy Kuhn-Barrientos; Roberto Rosso Astorga; Jorge Jiménez de la Jara

2015-01-01

Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE), para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR) y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (ID...

Polución por material particulado fino (PM 2,5) incrementa las hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardiaca

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Castro, Pablo; Vera, Jeanette; Cifuentes, Luis; Wellenius, Gregory; Verdejo, Hugo; Sepúlveda, Luis; Vukasovic, José Luis; Llevaneras, Silvana

2010-01-01

Antecedentes: Estudios recientes han reportado una asociación entre la contaminación ambiental por material particulado (PM) y el riesgo de hospitalizaciones de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). La región metropolitana de nuestro país constituye un área geográfica en la cual la contaminación es especialmente relevante, asociándose a incrementos periódicos en la morbimortalidad por causa respiratoria. Sin embargo el efecto de la polución por PM en la morbilidad de pacientes con IC no ...

Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato

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Esteban, Miguel A.; Pérez, Miriam R.; Bracco, Anahí

2006-01-01

El Síndrome de Munchausen por mandato, "un trastorno ficticio, por el cual la enfermedad del niño es inducida, promovida o provocada por la persona más próxima a él, generalmente su madre", es todavía mal conocido y su génesis imperfectamente comprendida. Esta comunicación está destinada a esclarecer al pediatra esta patología, con elevada morbilidad y secuelas, como así también de altísima mo...

DESGASTE POR ABRASIÓN DEL ACERO API 5L X65 REVESTIDO CON NIOBIO POR ASPERSIÓN TÉRMICA A PLASMA Y CON INCONEL 625 POR SOLDADURA

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JOSE MATOS

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y caracterizar el comportamiento mecánico en desgaste del acero API 5L X65, revestido con niobio en comparación al desempeño del revestimiento de la aleación de inconel 625 empleados en la industria de petróleo y gas. El revestimiento de niobio fue obtenido por el proceso de aspersión térmica a plasma de arco no transferido y el revestimiento inconel 625 por soldadura con electrodo revestido. La resistencia al desgaste por abrasión fue evaluada según la norma Petrobras N-2568, en un tribómetro CTER, la rugosidad y el volumen de material desgastado se determinó a través de perfilometría y la dureza de los revestimientos por microscopia Vickers. Los revestimientos obtenidos fueron caracterizados respecto a su morfología por microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB y microscopía óptica (MO. La mayor dureza del revestimiento con niobio obtenido puede haber contribuido a reducir la tasa de desgaste en comparación con el revestimiento de inconel 625.

Oxygen-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator Hap1p Limits Glucose Uptake by Repressing the Expression of the Major Glucose Transporter Gene RAG1 in Kluyveromyces lactis▿

Science.gov (United States)

Bao, Wei-Guo; Guiard, Bernard; Fang, Zi-An; Donnini, Claudia; Gervais, Michel; Passos, Flavia M. Lopes; Ferrero, Iliana; Fukuhara, Hiroshi; Bolotin-Fukuhara, Monique

2008-01-01

The HAP1 (CYP1) gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to regulate the transcription of many genes in response to oxygen availability. This response varies according to yeast species, probably reflecting the specific nature of their oxidative metabolism. It is suspected that a difference in the interaction of Hap1p with its target genes may explain some of the species-related variation in oxygen responses. As opposed to the fermentative S. cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis is an aerobic yeast species which shows different oxygen responses. We examined the role of the HAP1-equivalent gene (KlHAP1) in K. lactis. KlHap1p showed a number of sequence features and some gene targets (such as KlCYC1) in common with its S. cerevisiae counterpart, and KlHAP1 was capable of complementing the hap1 mutation. However, the KlHAP1 disruptant showed temperature-sensitive growth on glucose, especially at low glucose concentrations. At normal temperature, 28°C, the mutant grew well, the colony size being even greater than that of the wild type. The most striking observation was that KlHap1p repressed the expression of the major glucose transporter gene RAG1 and reduced the glucose uptake rate. This suggested an involvement of KlHap1p in the regulation of glycolytic flux through the glucose transport system. The ΔKlhap1 mutant showed an increased ability to produce ethanol during aerobic growth, indicating a possible transformation of its physiological property to Crabtree positivity or partial Crabtree positivity. Dual roles of KlHap1p in activating respiration and repressing fermentation may be seen as a basis of the Crabtree-negative physiology of K. lactis. PMID:18806211

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL SOFRIDA POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS POR UM PROGRAMA DE APOIO

OpenAIRE

KELLY LINHARES VASCONCELOS; ADRIANA GOMES NOGUEIRA FERREIRA; ELIANY NAZARÉ OLIVEIRA; DANIELLE D\\u2019ÁVILA SIQUEIRA; PATRÍCIA NEYVA DA COSTA PINHEIRO

2010-01-01

En Brasil, las estadísticas de la violencia sexual contra niños están lejos de reflejar la verdadera realidad actual debido a la baja notificación de los casos. La finalidad de este estudio fue caracterizar el abuso sexual sufrido por niños asistidos por el Programa Sentinela y el perfil del agresor, en Sobral-Ceará, en el periodo que va del 2002 al 2006. La muestra no probabilística intencional fue compuesta por 50 víctimas de abuso sexual y de las mismas, el 66% es del sexo femenino, con pr...

Abdome agudo por obstrução por ileobiliar

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Márcia Cristina de Alencastro

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever a experiência na abordagem dos doentes com abdome agudo por obstrução por IB, desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento definitivo. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo incluindo todos os casos de IB tratados em um período de 23 anos. De acordo com a abordagem cirúrgica realizada, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (1 enterolitotomia com colecistectomia no segundo momento; e (2 enterolitotomia, colecistectomia e abordagem da fístula. RESULTADOS: Doze pacientes foram incluídos, sendo 11 mulheres (91,6%, com média de idade de 72,2 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentavam doenças associadas, principalmente hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75%. Dois pacientes não apresentavam sintomas significativos de obstrução intestinal. O diagnóstico de IB foi realizado em seis pacientes (50% antes da laparotomia. O grupo 1 foi constituído de oito pacientes e o grupo 2 de quatro, e a morbidade foi, respectivamente, 33,3% e 8,3%. A mortalidade foi 16,6% (um paciente de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O manejo do IB deve ser individualizado. O tratamento da obstrução mediante remoção do cálculo biliar por enterotomia proximal é a escolha inicial para o tratamento do IB. A colecistectomia e a correção da fístula bilioentérica podem ser realizadas juntamente com a remoção do cálculo, no entanto, em pacientes com comorbidades significativas, esses procedimentos devem ser realizados posteriormente.

Use of the KlADH3 promoter for the quantitative production of the murine PDE5A isoforms in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis.

Science.gov (United States)

Cardarelli, Silvia; Giorgi, Mauro; Naro, Fabio; Malatesta, Francesco; Biagioni, Stefano; Saliola, Michele

2017-09-22

Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP), signal molecules in transduction pathways regulating crucial aspects of cell life. PDEs regulate the intensity and duration of the cyclic nucleotides signal modulating the downstream biological effect. Due to this critical role associated with the extensive distribution and multiplicity of isozymes, the 11 mammalian families (PDE1 to PDE11) constitute key therapeutic targets. PDE5, one of these cGMP-specific hydrolysing families, is the molecular target of several well known drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Kluyveromyces lactis, one of the few yeasts capable of utilizing lactose, is an attractive host alternative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous protein production. Here we established K. lactis as a powerful host for the quantitative production of the murine PDE5 isoforms. Using the promoter of the highly expressed KlADH3 gene, multicopy plasmids were engineered to produce the native and recombinant Mus musculus PDE5 in K. lactis. Yeast cells produced large amounts of the purified A1, A2 and A3 isoforms displaying K m , V max and Sildenafil inhibition values similar to those of the native murine enzymes. PDE5 whose yield was nearly 1 mg/g wet weight biomass for all three isozymes (30 mg/L culture), is well tolerated by K. lactis cells without major growth deficiencies and interferences with the endogenous cAMP/cGMP signal transduction pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the entire PDE5 isozymes family containing both regulatory and catalytic domains has been produced at high levels in a heterologous eukaryotic organism. K. lactis has been shown to be a very promising host platform for large scale production of mammalian PDEs for biochemical and structural studies and for the development of new specific PDE inhibitors for therapeutic applications in many pathologies.

Uso das diretrizes para tratamento da úlcera por pressão por enfermeiros de um hospital geral

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Elaine Maria Leite Rangel

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou identificar a freqüência do uso das diretrizes para o tratamento da úlcera por pressão(UP por enfermeiros de um hospital geral no interior do estado de São Paulo. É transversal de caráterdescritivo com análise quantitativa de dados. Amostra de 25 enfermeiros. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uminstrumento, construído a partir das diretrizes para o tratamento da UP. As questões foram relacionadas aostipos de intervenções usadas pelos enfermeiros para o tratamento da UP em estágio I, II, com necrose e comtecido de granulação. Para UP em estágio I, 24 (96% enfermeiros sempre realizavam a mudança de decúbito.Nas úlceras em estágio II a utilização de óleos vegetais na ferida era realizada sempre por 10 (40%enfermeiros e o curativo de hidrocolóide nunca era utilizado por 12 (57,1% enfermeiros. Em UP com necrose alimpeza com povidine era realizada por 4 (17,4% enfermeiros às vezes. Para o desbridamento, 16 (64% àsvezes utilizavam papaína e 15 (71,4% às vezes utilizavam colagenase. Em úlceras com tecido de granulaçãosempre era utilizado o soro fisiológico por 25 (100% enfermeiros. Houve variação nas práticas para otratamento da UP e falta de adesão às diretrizes.

Mortalidad por causas externas en Medellín, 1999-2006

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Doris Cardona Arango

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Caracterizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad por causas externas en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 1999-2006, según sexo, edad y causa básica de muerte fue el objetivo de este estudio descriptivo longitudinal, con fuente de información secundaria de 22 128 registros de defunción por causas externas. El análisis realizado es univariado y bivariado por sexo, grupos de edad y causa de muerte. Las causas externas registradas en el periodo fueron: 72.9 por ciento por homicidio; 15.3 por ciento, accidente de transporte; 7.3 por ciento, traumatismos; 4.2 por ciento, por suicidio, y por otras causas, 0.4 por ciento. La mayor tasa de mortalidad se presentó en el grupo de edad de 20 a 24 años (27.6 por cien mil habitantes, hecho que merece especial consideración por las implicaciones sociales, familiares y laborales que representa el fallecimiento de una persona en su etapa productiva.

Apendicitis por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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Ana Beatriz MUÑOZ URRIBARRI

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La paracoccidioidomicosis es la micosis más prevalente en Sudamérica. La forma aguda afecta el sistema fagocítico mononuclear de niños y personas inmunocomprometidas. El compromiso gastrointestinal es frecuente y su patogenia implica diseminación hematógena y linfática. La linfadenomegalia abdominal causa obstrucción intestinal y abdomen agudo. En este artículo damos a conocer el caso de un niño con compromiso gastrointestinal por apendicitis. Este es el primer caso reportado de apendicitis por esta patología. (Rev Med Hered 2006;17:58-60.

Tatuaje por amalgama. Reporte de un caso

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Luis Fang Mercado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El tatuaje por amalgama se origina por el depósito en el tejido conectivo subepitelial de fragmentos de amalgama resultado de procedimientos iatrogénicos por parte del operador. La profundidad a la que se encuentren albergados los residuos de este material influye en la presentación clínica de las lesiones. Radiográficamente se pueden identificar los fragmentos mientras tengan diámetros razonables; histológicamente se pueden observar las partículas de amalgama como gránulos oscuros, sólidos e irregulares dispuesto entre los haces de colágeno y vasos sanguíneos. Este artículo refiere el caso clínico de un paciente que presentó pigmentación por amalgama en mucosa vestibular, originada por una porción de amalgama usada como material obturador en una apicectomía del 11 realizada con anterioridad. Teniendo en cuenta las consideraciones clínicas y radiográficas se optó por realizar una segunda apicectomía con obturación retrógrada con MTA del 11. Durante el procedimiento quirúrgico se cureteó y adelgazó la cara interna del colgajo mucoperióstico para tratar de disminuir el grado de pigmentación.

La pintura vista por un pintor joven

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Fuentes Pozo, Pedro

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Not available

El pintor se define a lo largo del tiempo como un artista en mutación influenciado por la sociedad de su momento y por su propio mundo interior Esto ha contribuido a la creación de distintos estilos pictóricos y a una evolución que conlleva la despreocupación por el aspecto formal en aras de una introspección al mundo interior En el cambio constante se refleja la búsqueda del artista que valida la intemporalidad del arte. Así, el verdadero artista sobrevive al aplauso o rechazo de la crítica, convirtiéndose en un verdadero hombre renancentista preocupado por el hallazgo del conocimiento universal.

Experiência inicial com terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas

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Dimas André Milcheski

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência inicial com a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas infectadas ou contaminadas. Métodos: a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação utilizada foi o V.A.C. Ulta com instilação Veraflo (Kinetic Concepts, Inc. O modo de operação foi contínuo com pressão sub-atmosférica ajustada em 125 mmHg por duas horas e instilação entre as pausas. O tempo de instilação foi de 20 minutos (tempo de contato do agente tópico com a ferida e a substância instilada foi solução salina padrão a 0,9%. Após obtenção de preparo adequado da ferida, ela foi coberta com enxerto ou retalho. Resultados: foram operados dez pacientes com feridas complexas contaminadas ou infectadas. O número médio de trocas da TPNi foi 1,4, o número médio total de cirurgias foi de 2,4, o intervalo até a cobertura da ferida foi de 6,3 dias e o intervalo até a alta foi de 11,4 dias. Conclusão: a comparação da terapia por pressão negativa por instilação com dois estudos prévios (controle histórico evidenciou um tempo de internação menor, favorecendo a TPNi. Este estudo teve um caráter inicial, fazendo-se necessário conduzir um trabalho randomizado e controlado para confirmar a eficácia desta terapia e verificar a sua custo-efetividade.

Neuropatia experimental por DDT: análise de nervo por microdissecção de fibras

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Edison Matos Nóvak

1984-09-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se o nervo gênito-femural do rato albino submetido a intoxicação crônica por DDT, administrado por 180 dias na dose de 5 mg/kg de peso via oral. Os resultados mostraram proporção anormal de fibras tipo C, sendo sugerido ocorrer degeneração tipo axonal determinada pelo DDT.

Ptose palpebral causada por Paquidermoperiostose

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Patricia Regina de Pinho Tavares

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A paquidermoperiostose é uma síndrome caracterizada por acometimento cutâneo e ósseo, e em alguns casos ocorre comprometimento palpebral leve. É uma síndrome rara, idiopática ou hereditária, com provável herança autossômica dominante de penetrância variável. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente com ptose grave por paquidermoperiostose elucidando sua fisiopatologia e conduta cirúrgica aplicada.

Suppression of cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression in hepatoma cells replicates the hepatic lipidosis observed in hepatic POR-null mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Porter, Todd D; Banerjee, Subhashis; Stolarczyk, Elzbieta I; Zou, Ling

2011-06-01

Cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is a microsomal electron transport protein essential to cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism and sterol and bile acid synthesis. The conditional deletion of hepatic POR gene expression in mice results in a marked decrease in plasma cholesterol levels counterbalanced by the accumulation of triglycerides in lipid droplets in hepatocytes. To evaluate the role of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in this hepatic lipidosis, as well as the possible role of lipid transport from peripheral tissues, we developed a stable, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated cell culture model for the suppression of POR. POR mRNA and protein expression were decreased by greater than 50% in McArdle-RH7777 rat hepatoma cells 10 days after transfection with a POR-siRNA expression plasmid, and POR expression was nearly completely extinguished by day 20. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed a marked accumulation of lipid droplets in cells by day 15, accompanied by a nearly 2-fold increase in cellular triglyceride content, replicating the lipidosis seen in hepatic POR-null mouse liver. In contrast, suppression of CYP51A1 (lanosterol demethylase) did not result in lipid accumulation, indicating that loss of cholesterol synthesis is not the basis for this lipidosis. Indeed, addition of cholesterol to the medium appeared to augment the lipidosis in POR-suppressed cells, whereas removal of lipids from the medium reversed the lipidosis. Oxysterols did not accumulate in POR-suppressed cells, discounting a role for liver X receptor in stimulating triglyceride synthesis, but addition of chenodeoxycholate significantly repressed lipid accumulation, suggesting that the absence of bile acids and loss of farnesoid X receptor stimulation lead to excessive triglyceride synthesis.

Consanguinidad por isonimia en Salta

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Albeza, María V.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se estimó el coeficiente de parentesco por isonimia para localidades de la Puna, Valle Calchaquí y Valle de Lerma, a fin de evaluar diferentes factores evolutivos que podrían estar afectando la composición genética de la población. A partir de los apellidos de las parejas consignadas en fuentes primarias de información, se estimó la isonimia conyugal o marital, el coeficiente total Ft y sus componentes Fr (inbreeding azaroso y Fn (inbreeding no azaroso. De las localidades estudiadas, en la Puna se ha detectado sólo una pareja isónima en una de ellas, en el Valle Calchaquí, tres y ninguna en el Valle de Lerma. Tanto en el Valle Calchaquí como en el de Lerma, se han estimado valores negativos de Ft, y en la Puna se registran los valores más elevados. En las localidades estudiadas no se cumple el supuesto de transmisión patrilineal de apellidos por lo que los valores de Fr y por ende de Ft podrían estar subestimados. Es por ello que sería necesario contar con información desde otras vertientes metodológicas para corroborar, complementar y manejar cuidadosamente el análisis de los datos y las conclusiones que se obtienen.

Nefrectomía simple por puerto único (LESS) asistida por robot (da Vinci)

OpenAIRE

CASTILLO C,OCTAVIO A; VIDAL M,IVAR; SEPÚLVEDA T,FRANCISCO

2011-01-01

Introducción: La cirugía mínimamente invasiva en urología avanza rápidamente y la cirugía laparo-endoscópica a través de puerto único (LESS) no es la excepción. Esta técnica por vía laparoscópica presenta mucha dificultad y requiere de un cirujano laparoscópico experimentado debido a la falta de triangulación y el cruce de los instrumentos. Los beneficios del sistema quirúrgico da Vinci® han sido introducidos recientemente en LESS. Presentamos dos casos de nefrectomía LESS asistida por robot....

Análisis de costos por ausentismo laboral atribuibles a licencias médicas por enfermedad. Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015

OpenAIRE

Jave Escalante, Gladys Lizeth

2015-01-01

Determina el costo generado por el ausentismo laboral atribuible a licencias médicas por enfermedad en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 118 médicos asistenciales y personal de enfermería. Para el análisis de los costos se utilizó el costo de tiempo perdido del paciente, ingresos dejados de percibir por el hospital y descuento económico al trabajador. Además se realizó un análisis económico y de sensibilidad. ...

Indice por Materias

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Montoya H Luz Marina

1982-09-01

Full Text Available Un índice es una lista de palabras o frases indicadores asociados que permite la ubicación de material al interior de un libro o una publicación, en este caso será por el nombre de la materia.

Mortalidad intrahospitalaria por accidente cerebrovascular

OpenAIRE

Federico Rodríguez Lucci; Virginia Pujol Lereis; Sebastián Ameriso; Guillermo Povedano; María F. Díaz; Alejandro Hlavnicka; Néstor A. Wainsztein; Sebastián F. Ameriso

2013-01-01

La mortalidad global por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas, probablemente debido a un mejor control de los factores de riesgo vascular. La mortalidad hospitalaria por ACV ha sido tradicionalmente estimada entre 6 y 14% en la mayoría de las series comunicadas. Sin embargo, los datos de ensayos clínicos recientes sugieren que esta cifra sería sustancialmente menor. Se revisaron datos de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de ACV del Banco de Datos de Str...

CARACTERÍSTICAS DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL SOFRIDA POR CRIANÇAS ASSISTIDAS POR UM PROGRAMA DE APOIO

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KELLY LINHARES VASCONCELOS

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En Brasil, las estadísticas de la violencia sexual contra niños están lejos de reflejar la verdadera realidad actual debido a la baja notificación de los casos. La finalidad de este estudio fue caracterizar el abuso sexual sufrido por niños asistidos por el Programa Sentinela y el perfil del agresor, en Sobral-Ceará, en el periodo que va del 2002 al 2006. La muestra no probabilística intencional fue compuesta por 50 víctimas de abuso sexual y de las mismas, el 66% es del sexo femenino, con predominio de rango de edad entre 8-12 años incompletos, (58%; en el 36% de los casos los padres están separados, siendo la madre la principal responsable por la familia (62%. La mayoría de los agresores es del sexo masculino (78%. En el ambiente fuera de la familia los agresores son conocidos o amigos de la familia (14%; dentro del seno familiar el padrastro es identificado como siendo el agresor más frecuente (18%. Los datos destacan características similares a las de otros estudios, definiendo una cierta igualdad en este tipo de violencia.

Vivencias psicosociales reveladas por niños que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer

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BLANCA CECILIA VANEGAS DE AHOGADO

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el propósito de descubrir las vivencias psicosociales de niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años que recibían tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante encuentros lúdicos con el apoyo de algunas preguntas básicas que facilitaron las revelaciones narrativas. Tres aspectos se destacan en los hallazgos del estudio: vivencias desfavorables, vivencias relacionadas con la autoestima y vivencias favorables; las dos primeras, de diversa manera, afectan en estos niños su vida personal, familiar, escolar y, en general, todo su entorno. Es de resaltar que, como consecuencia de la caída del cabello, con frecuencia han sido objeto de burla y de rechazo por sus compañeros de estudio, lo que produce el más notorio efecto sobre su autoimagen; por otra parte, el ausentismo escolar conlleva dificultades académicas y sentimientos de tristeza en estos niños, situación que empeora cuando, por motivos de tratamiento, su lugar de residencia está alejado de la ciudad, viéndose sometidos a largos periodos de separación, no solo de su familia sino de sus pares. Se concluye que la mayor parte de las revelaciones son impactantes por su gran contenido de sufrimiento y dolor para estos niños, lo que demuestra la urgencia de retomar los hallazgos del estudio para orientar el cuidado de enfermería de manera más integral y apoyar para que se haga lo propio en el hogar y en las instituciones educativas.

Pedro Teixeira y su viaje por Mesopotamia

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Fuente del Pilar, José Javier

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Pedro Teixeira es un integrante notable de la ilustre nómina de los viajeros portugueses que, a finales del s, XVI y principios del XVII, ensancharon para Occidente las fronteras del mundo. Su conocimiento en España se debe a la publicación en 1994 de su obra «Relaciones del Origen, Descendencia y Sucesión de los Reyes de Persia, y de Harmuz, y de un viaje hecho por el autor dende la India hasta Italia por tierra», en edición realizada por el profesor Eduardo Barajas Sala, lamentablemente fallecido en 1997. En este artículo se ofrece una reseña biográfica de Pedro Teixeira, y un análisis del viaje narrado por el autor en la última parte de sus «Relaciones »: el que desde Ormuz le conducirá, a través de Mesopotamia, hasta la costa del Mediterráneo.…

Violência e mortes por causas externas

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Graciete Oliveira Vieira

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Através de um estudo ecológico caracterizou-se a violência e as mortes por causas externas em Salvador e Bahia utilizando-se dados da Fundação Nacional de Saúde-Ministério da Saúde, dos registros de mortalidade e das estimativas populacionais do IBGE. O risco de morrer por homicídio no Brasil é 3 vezes o do Estados Unidos, chegando a ser 40 vezes superior ao do Japão. Homicídio foi a primeira causa de anos potenciais de vidas perdidos (13,4% no Brasil (1997, seguido por acidentes de trânsito (10,6%. Causas externas foi a segunda causa de morte em Salvador e Bahia (1996. A violência tem raízes sócio-culturais e político-ideológicas e pode ser prevenida por ações intersetoriais e multidisciplinares.

Associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher e infecção por HIV

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Claudia Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres e a infecção ou suspeita de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados de questionários aplicados face-a-face e de prontuários médicos de 2.780 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em unidades do sistema único de saúde da Grande São Paulo, SP, em 2001-2002. As mulheres foram categorizadas em: usuárias em tratamento por serem "soropositivas para o HIV", com "suspeita de HIV" e aquelas que procuraram os serviços por outros motivos. A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres na vida foi categorizada por gravidade e recorrência dos episódios de violência. A associação com o desfecho foi testada pelo modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e ajustada por variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 59,8%. Sofrer violência reiterada e grave apresentou maior associação de infecção confirmada pelo HIV (RP = 1,91. A violência independente da gravidade e da recorrência dos episódios apresentou maior associação para a suspeita de infecção por HIV (RP = 1,29. CONCLUSÕES: A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres tem papel relevante nas situações de suspeita e confirmação da infecção pelo HIV, sendo essencial incluir sua detecção, controle e prevenção como parte da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres.

Predominant porB1A and porB1B genotypes and correlation of gene mutations with drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Eastern China

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Tang Renxian

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Variations of porB1A and porB1B genes and their serotypes exist in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from different geographical areas, and some site mutations in the porB1B gene correlate with drug resistance. Methods The β-lactamase production of N. gonorrhoeae isolates was determined by paper acidometric test and nitrocefin discs. The porB1A and porB1B genes of 315 non-penicillinase-producting N. gonorrhoeae (non-PPNG strains were amplified by PCR for sequencing to determine serotypes and site mutations. A duplex PCR was designed to simultaneously detect both porB1A and porB1B genes. Penicillin and tetracycline resistance was assessed by an in vitro drug sensitivity test. Results Of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates, 31.1% tested positive for porB1A and 68.9% for porB1B genes. All the 98 porB1A+ isolates belonging to IA6 serotype with either no mutation at the 120 and 121 sites (88.8% or a D120G (11.2% mutation and were no resistance to both penicillin and tetracycline. Among the 217 porB1B+ isolates, 26.7%, 22.6% and 11.5% belonged to IB3, IB3/6 and IB4 serotypes, respectively. Particularly, two novel chimeric serotypes, IB3/6-IB2 and IB2-IB4-IB2, were found in 77 and 8 porB1B+ isolates. Two hundred and twelve (97.7% of the porB1B+ isolates were presented G120 and/or A121 mutations with 163 (76.9% at both sites. Interestingly, within the 77 porB1B+ isolates belonging to IB3/6-IB2 serotype, 15 were discovered to possess novel deletions at both A121 and N122 sites. All the replacement mutations at these sites in PorB1B were correlated with resistance and the deletion mutation showed the highest resistance. Conclusion N. gonorrhoeae isolates circulating in Eastern China include a sole PorB1A serotype (IA6 and five PorB1B serotypes. Multiple mutations in porB1B genes, including novel A121 and N122 deletions, are correlated with high levels of penicillin and tetracycline resistance.

Conservación por calor

OpenAIRE

Cobos García, Angel; Díaz Rubio, Olga

2011-01-01

Esta unidade didáctica denominada Conservación por calor forma parte da materia «Tecnoloxía do procesado de alimentos» que se impartirá no primeiro semestre do 2º curso do Grao en Nutrición Humana e Dietética. A materia estrutúrase en diferentes unidades didácticas, tratando cada unha delas as diferentes tecnoloxías de procesado dos alimentos, tanto de conservación coma de transformación. A presente unidade didáctica aborda a conservación dos alimentos por calor. Este método permite destruír ...

Las cosas por su nombre

OpenAIRE

Storani, Emilia

2017-01-01

El artículo propone indagar sobre los modos y diferentes formatos que se utilizan tanto en la escritura como en la lectura, para articular con las luchas por la identidad de género. La Ley de Identidad de Género ha sido un puntapié clave para pensarnos a nosotros mismos culturalmente y para pensar a los demás. Pero, ¿cómo mencionamos, escribimos y leemos las diferentes identidades? La escritura, también es un mundo transformador para quienes bregan por una sociedad más libre y sin prejuicios....

Diverticulitis yeyunal perforada por enterolito.

OpenAIRE

Marenco De la Cuadra, Beatriz; Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos; Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal; Valdés Hernández, Javier; Reyes-lopera, N.J. De los

2012-01-01

La diverticulosis yeyunal es una enfermedad adquirida rara. Casi el 60-70% keeps asymptomátic or Con síntomas crónicos inespecíficos, aunque puede presentarse como un abdomen agudo. La perforación debida a enterolitos es una causa extremadamente rara do complicación, y puede producirse por la impactación de ésta contra la pared intestinal. Presentamos caso de un varón de 82 años que acude a urgencias por un dolor súbito abdominal, difuso, con irritación peritoneal, leucocitosis con neutro...

Por y para en los manuales de ELE

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Sidoti, Rossana

2008-12-01

Full Text Available La oposición por / para es una de las cuestiones gramaticales que comportan mayor dificultad a la hora de acercarse al estudio del español como L2 sobre todo cuando remiten a conceptos lingüísticos difíciles de entender por no tener ésta referente alguno en el mundo extralingüístico. Si, por un lado, nos resulta fácil entender lo que tiene un referente en el mundo concreto; por otro, no podemos advertir el referente extralingüístico de preposiciones como por / para, si este no existe. Si las preposiciones son elementos abstractos, difíciles de aferrar de por sí, podemos sólo examinar los elementos que éstas ponen en relación y en qué contextos esta relación se determina. Para poder utilizar con precisión las dos preposiciones, es importante no reducirlas a una sola preposición como ocurre en otros idiomas, y sobre todo no relacionarlas sólo a los conceptos de causa y finalidad. Este trabajo se propone individualizar los manuales de español como lengua extranjera más utilizados en las universidades italianas para luego comparar las distintas fuentes de información sobre por / para y exponer comentarios, reflexiones y sugerencias sobre el tema con el fin de precisar en qué medida se puede mejorar lo que los manuales reducen o generalizan, puesto que para los estudiantes de ELE estos representan una herramienta valiosa a la que acudir.

Pronóstico de la diarrea por rotavirus

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Mota-Hernández Felipe

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar la gravedad de la diarrea por rotavirus (RV y por no rotavirus. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal en 520 lactantes con diarrea aguda, efectuado entre octubre de 1994 y marzo de 1995 en siete centros del primer nivel de atención en cinco estados de México. El diagnóstico de RV se realizó con ensayo inmunoenzimático o por electroforesis. El análisis se hizo a través de medidas de tendencia central. Los resultados se presentan como promedio y desviación estándar o mediana o variación. Resultados. Se aisló RV en 264 lactantes (50.7% con predominio en varones de 6 meses a un año. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron significativamente diferentes entre el grupo rotavirus positivo y el grupo rotavirus negativo en mediana de evacuaciones por 24 horas, frecuencia de vómitos, temperatura > 38° C, deshidratación y calificación de gravedad, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Estos resultados mostraron peor pronóstico por mayor gravedad de la diarrea por RV en lactantes, con relación a otra etiología. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Miasis cutanea por cordylobia anthropophaga

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Alkorta Gurrutxaga Miriam

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El incremento progresivo en el número de personas que viajan a países tropicales ha hecho que las enfermedades importadas adquieran una relevancia cada vez mayor. Las miasis (o infestaciones por larvas de moscas cutáneas se encuentran entre este tipo de enfermedades siendo especialmente frecuentes en países tropicales. A propósito de la observación de un caso de miasis cutánea masiva por Cordylobia antropophaga, que ocurrió en una mujer de 34 años de edad al volver de un viaje a Senegal, se ha efectuado una revisión de los casos de miasis cutáneas forunculoides importadas publicados en España, así como de la biología, patología, tratamiento y prevención de la miasis humana por Cordylobia anthropophaga. El caso referido, se caracterizó por la infestación con un número inusualmente elevado de larvas, no sospechándose su etiología hasta la fase final de la enfermedad. La emergencia continuada de larvas (se recogieron 91 generó en la paciente un estado de ansiedad importante. Finalmente, la eliminación de las larvas provocó una rápida mejoría de la paciente. Aunque los casos de miasis cutánea no tienen la gravedad de otras enfermedades importadas, su conocimiento es necesario desde el punto de vista preventivo, diagnóstico y terapeútico. Es importante proceder a la identificación morfológica de las larvas diferenciándolas de otro tipo de miasis con implicaciones terapéuticas diferentes.

Associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher e infecção por HIV Asociación entre violencia contra la mujer por pareja íntima e infección por VIH Association between intimate partner violence against women and HIV infection

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Claudia Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres e a infecção ou suspeita de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados de questionários aplicados face-a-face e de prontuários médicos de 2.780 mulheres de 15 a 49 anos, atendidas em unidades do sistema único de saúde da Grande São Paulo, SP, em 2001-2002. As mulheres foram categorizadas em: usuárias em tratamento por serem "soropositivas para o HIV", com "suspeita de HIV" e aquelas que procuraram os serviços por outros motivos. A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres na vida foi categorizada por gravidade e recorrência dos episódios de violência. A associação com o desfecho foi testada pelo modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e ajustada por variáveis sociodemográficas, sexuais e reprodutivas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 59,8%. Sofrer violência reiterada e grave apresentou maior associação de infecção confirmada pelo HIV (RP = 1,91. A violência independente da gravidade e da recorrência dos episódios apresentou maior associação para a suspeita de infecção por HIV (RP = 1,29. CONCLUSÕES: A violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres tem papel relevante nas situações de suspeita e confirmação da infecção pelo HIV, sendo essencial incluir sua detecção, controle e prevenção como parte da atenção integral à saúde das mulheres.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre la violencia contra mujeres por pareja íntima y la infección o sospecha de infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con base en datos de cuestionarios aplicados cara-a cara y de prontuarios médicos de 2.780 mujeres de 15 a 49 años, atendidas en unidades del sistema único de salud de la Gran Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, en 2001-2002. Las mujeres fueron categorizadas en: usuarias en tratamiento por ser

Itinerarios Didácticos por la isla de Lanzarote

OpenAIRE

Becerra-Ramírez, Rafael; González Cárdenas, Elena; Gosálvez, Rafael U.; Escobar Lahoz, Estela; Dóniz-Páez, Javier

2013-01-01

Con la confección de esta guía de itinerarios didácticos por la isla de Lanzarote pretendemos contribuir a un mayor conocimiento de las características geográficas de este espacio dominado por las formas volcánicas que caracterizan un paisaje modificado por la mano del hombre que convive con los volcanes y los usa, tradicionalmente como soporte de sus cultivos, y modernamente como base de la industria turística. Los itinerarios didácticos por la isla de Lanzarote son la adaptación de los t...

Signos Vitales de los CDC-Muertes por intoxicación por alcohol (Alcohol Poisoning Deaths)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2015-01-06

Este podcast se basa en la edición de enero del 2015 del informe Signos Vitales de los CDC. En los Estados Unidos, mueren en promedio seis personas cada día debido a la intoxicación por alcohol. Infórmese sobre lo que puede hacer para prevenir los atracones de alcohol y las intoxicaciones por alcohol.  Created: 1/6/2015 by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP).   Date Released: 1/6/2015.

Topoplastia de Cvintal assistida por laser de femtossegundo

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Alexandre Takayoshi Ishizaki

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos um relato de astigmatismo tardio progressivo pós-transplante de córnea para ceratocone, associado à afinamento periférico na junção doador-receptor, o que presumidamente pode ser considerado como recorrência da ectasia. O caso foi tratado por meio de Topoplastia de Cvintal assistida por laser de femtossegundo para a confecção da incisão com geometria "top hat", seguido de sutura com ajuste per-operatório guiado por ceratoscopia.

Micetoma por Nocardia brasiliensis: reporte de caso

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Miriam Guevara R

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un paciente peruano, agricultor, con una infección cutánea de origen traumático causada por Nocardia brasiliensis, que evolucionó hacia la amputación del miembro inferior afectado. El diagnóstico se realizó por examen directo y cultivo del espécimen.

Mortalidad por envenenamiento en niños

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Híjar Martha

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Conocer el panorama de las muertes por envenenamiento en niños de 0-14 años ocurridas en la República mexicana, entre 1979 y 1994. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron fuentes secundarias. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, año, causa externa de traumatismos y envenenamientos, de la IX Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades: E850-E858, E860-E869 y E905. Mediante un modelo de regresión Poisson se analizaron tendencias por causa específica y se obtuvieron riesgos relativos según edad, sexo y entidad federativa. Resultados. Hubo un total de 11 272 defunciones en menores de 15 años; las principales causas fueron el envenenamiento y las reacciones tóxicas causadas por plantas y animales venenosos (E905, el envenenamiento accidental por gas de uso doméstico y por monóxido de carbono (E868 y el envenenamiento accidental por otras drogas (E858. El grupo de edad que presentó los mayores riesgos, para las causas mencionadas, fue el de menores de un año con un riesgo relativo (RR de 29.6, IC95% 29.2-33.4; RR 3.47, IC95% 2.86-4.22, y RR 31.86, IC95% 24.8-40.9. El riesgo fue similar en ambos sexos, salvo para la causa E905. El estado de Aguascalientes se situó sistemáticamente entre los de mayor riesgo para todas las causas analizadas, mientras que Nuevo León siempre se ubicó entre los de riesgo más bajo. Conclusiones. El envenenamiento constituye una importante causa de muerte en los niños; el riesgo se incrementa al disminuir la edad. Considerando que esas muertes son potencialmente evitables y que la mayor parte de los envenenamientos ocurren en el hogar, para prevenirlos, se recomienda a los familiares vigilar y mantener fuera de peligro al niño. Por otra parte, la multicausalidad del fenómeno requiere que su prevención se realice desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria que genere una cultura y un ambiente de seguridad en la sociedad.

Selección de Recursos Humanos por Competencias

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Domingo, Cristina

2013-01-01

Los objetivos de este trabajo son, por un lado conocer en qué consisten los procesos de valoración y selección de personas desde el enfoque de las competencias laborales. Para ello, ha sido preciso profundizar en el estudio del concepto de “competencia laboral”, y comprender qué es la Gestión de Recursos Humanos por Competencias, en cuyo seno se encuentra la propia Selección de Recursos Humanos. Por otra parte, un segundo objetivo del trabajo es conocer el grado de implantación de la Selecció...

Tallado de hélices por el método de copiado por proyección

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José Vicente Fierro Vasco

1983-01-01

Full Text Available Este dispositivo fue diseñado como parte de la investigación sobre Aerogeneradores que se está llevando a cabo en el Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, cuyo investigador principal es el Ing. Julio Mario Rodríguez Devis. Como parte inicial de la investigación se adecuó un túnel situado en el Laboratorio de Hidráulica para hacer las pruebas de modelos. En la construcción de dichos modelos se requiere una buena precisión en la hechura de las aspas del molino, en especial por el tamaño reducido de liste. Se debe garantizar que el perfil aerodinámico se conserve a lo largo del aspa, por lo que se requiere de un dispositivo capaz de tallar los álabes con la precisión y rapidez necesarias. Los resultados del trabajo fueron presentados al concurso del premio Worthington de la Ingeniería Colombiana 1982 (Categoría estudiantes, por los estudiantes que trabajaron en el proyecto, siendo acreedores al primer puesto.

Construction of lactose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae for lactose fermentation into ethanol fuel.

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Jing; Guo, Xuewu; Shen, Tong; Dong, Jian; Zhang, Cuiying; Xiao, Dongguang

2013-04-01

Two lactose-consuming diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, AY-51024A and AY-51024M, were constructed by expressing the LAC4 and LAC12 genes of Kluyveromyces marxianus in the host strain AY-5. In AY-51024A, both genes were targeted to the ATH1 and NTH1 gene-encoding regions to abolish the activity of acid/neutral trehalase. In AY-51024M, both genes were respectively integrated into the MIG1 and NTH1 gene-encoding regions to relieve glucose repression. Physiologic studies of the two transformants under anaerobic cultivations in glucose and galactose media indicated that the expression of both LAC genes did not physiologically burden the cells, except for AY-51024A in glucose medium. Galactose consumption was initiated at higher glucose concentrations in the MIG1 deletion strain AY-51024M than in the corresponding wild-type strain and AY-51024A, wherein galactose was consumed until glucose was completely depleted in the mixture. In lactose medium, the Sp. growth rates of AY-51024A and AY-51024M under anaerobic shake-flasks were 0.025 and 0.067 h(-1), respectively. The specific lactose uptake rate and ethanol production of AY-51024M were 2.50 g lactose g CDW(-1) h(-1) and 23.4 g l(-1), respectively, whereas those of AY-51024A were 0.98 g lactose g CDW(-1) h(-1) and 24.3 g lactose g CDW(-1) h(-1), respectively. In concentrated cheese whey powder solutions, AY-51024M produced 63.3 g l(-1) ethanol from approximately 150 g l(-1) initial lactose in 120 h, conversely, AY-51024A consumed 63.7 % of the initial lactose and produced 35.9 g l(-1) ethanol. Therefore, relieving glucose repression is an effective strategy for constructing lactose-consuming S. cerevisiae.

Microbial and chemical transformation studies of the bioactive marine sesquiterpenes (S)-(+)-curcuphenol and -curcudiol isolated from a deep reef collection of the Jamaican sponge Didiscus oxeata.

Science.gov (United States)

El Sayed, Khalid A; Yousaf, Muhammad; Hamann, Mark T; Avery, Mitchell A; Kelly, Michelle; Wipf, Peter

2002-11-01

Microbial and chemical transformation studies of the marine sesquiterpene phenols (S)-(+)-curcuphenol (1) and (S)-(+)-curcudiol (2), isolated from the Jamaican sponge Didiscus oxeata, were accomplished. Preparative-scale fermentation of 1 with Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis (ATCC 2628) has resulted in the isolation of six new metabolites: (S)-(+)-15-hydroxycurcuphenol (3), (S)-(+)-12-hydroxycurcuphenol (4), (S)-(+)-12,15-dihydroxycurcuphenol (5), (S)-(+)-15-hydroxycurcuphenol-12-al (6), (S)-(+)-12-carboxy-10,11-dihydrocurcuphenol (7), and (S)-(+)-12-hydroxy-10,11-dihydrocurcuphenol (8). Fourteen-days incubation of 1 with Aspergillus alliaceus (NRRL 315) afforded the new compounds (S)-(+)-10beta-hydroxycurcudiol (9), (S)-(+)-curcudiol-10-one (10), and (S)-(+)-4-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl)phenyl)]pentanoic acid (11). Rhizopus arrhizus (ATCC 11145) and Rhodotorula glutinus (ATCC 15125) afforded (S)-curcuphenol-1alpha-D-glucopyranoside (12) and (S)-curcudiol-1alpha-D-glucopyranoside (13) when incubated for 6 and 8 days with 1 and 2, respectively. The absolute configuration of C(10) and C(11) of metabolites 7-9 was established by optical rotation computations. Reaction of 1 with NaNO(2) and HCl afforded (S)-(+)-4-nitrocurcuphenol (14) and (S)-(+)-2-nitrocurcuphenol (15) in a 2:1 ratio. Acylation of 1 and 2 with isonicotinoyl chloride afforded the expected esters (S)-(+)-curcuphenol-1-O-isonicotinate (16) and (S)-(+)-curcudiol-1-O-isonicotinate (17), respectively. Curcuphenol (1) shows potent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and S. aureus with MIC and MFC/MBC ranges of 7.5-25 and 12.5-50 microg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 3 also display in vitro antimalarial activity against Palsmodium falciparium (D6 clone) with MIC values of 3600 and 3800 ng/mL, respectively (selectivity index >1.3). Both compounds were also active against P. falciparium (W2 clone) with MIC values of 1800 (S

Identification of uncommon oral yeasts from cancer patients by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Aslani, Narges; Janbabaei, Ghasem; Abastabar, Mahdi; Meis, Jacques F; Babaeian, Mahasti; Khodavaisy, Sadegh; Boekhout, Teun; Badali, Hamid

2018-01-08

Opportunistic infections due to Candida species occur frequently in cancer patients because of their inherent immunosuppression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of yeast species from the oral cavity of patients during treatment for oncological and haematological malignancies. MALDI-TOF was performed to identify yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of 350 cancer patients. Moreover, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed in according to CLSI guidelines (M27-A3). Among 162 yeasts and yeast-like fungi isolated from the oral cavity of cancer patients, Candida albicans was the most common species (50.6%), followed by Candida glabrata (24.7%), Pichia kudriavzevii (Candida krusei (9.9%)), Candida tropicalis (4.3%), Candida dubliniensis (3.7%), Kluyveromyces marxianus (Candida kefyr (3.7%)) and Candida parapsilosis (1%). In addition, uncommon yeast species i.e., Saprochaete capitata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae (C. lusitaniae) and Pichia kluyveri (C. eremophila) were recovered from oral lesions. Oral colonization by C. albicans, non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts were as follow; 55%, 44% and 1%, whereas oral infection due to C. albicans was 33.3%, non-albicans Candida species 60.6%, and uncommon yeasts 6.1%. Poor oral hygiene and xerostomia were identified as independent risk factors associated with oral yeast colonization. The overall resistance to fluconazole was 11.7% (19/162). Low MIC values were observed for anidulafungin for all Candida and uncommon yeast species. This current study provides insight into the prevalence and susceptibility profiles of Candida species, including emerging Candida species and uncommon yeasts, isolated from the oral cavity of Iranian cancer patients. The incidence of oral candidiasis was higher amongst patients with hematological malignancies. The majority of oral infections were caused by non-albicans Candida species which were often more resistant to anti

CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPECTRAL DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR INFECTADA POR NEMATOIDES E MIGDOLUS FRYANUS POR ESPECTRORRADIOMETRIA DE CAMPO

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George Deroco Martins

Full Text Available O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, embora assistido por técnicas modernas de plantio, é alvo constante de parasitas do sistema radicular. Por registrar seletivamente o fluxo espectral da radiação eletromagnética refletida pela vegetação, o sensoriamento remoto tornou-se uma poderosa ferramenta na detecção das plantas infectadas por patógenos do solo. Com o objetivo de caracterizar espectralmente a cana-de-açúcar sadia e infectada por nematoides e pela larva do besouro Migdolus fryanus, foram tomadas medidas radiométricas in situ e geradas curvas hiperespectrais de plantas sadias e infectadas. Técnicas específicas de análise espectral, como a determinação da posição da borda do vermelho limítrofe (Red Edge Position Determination - REPD e diferentes índices espectrais foram avaliados para discriminar as três ocorrências. As curvas de reflectância mostraram diferenças em magnitude principalmente nos comprimentos de onda do vermelho e infravermelho próximo e, assim como a determinação do REP e os índices de clorofila b, NDVI, MCARI e TCARI, permitiram distinguir apenas entre plantas sadias e infectadas. As razões espectrais sensíveis aos pigmentos clorofila a e carotenoides, porém, discriminaram as três ocorrências, inclusive plantas infectadas por nematoides e Migdolus fryanus. A melhor discriminação foi obtida com o índice de carotenoides, um pigmento fortemente relacionado com estresse da planta

Osteoporosis secundaria y Osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides (OIG

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Elías Forero Illera

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La osteoporosis es un problema de salud pública importante a nivel mundial, y su prevalencia está aumentando. La osteoporosis secundaria se puede producir por varias patologías y el uso de ciertos medicamentos. Los glucocorticoides son un grupo de fármacos usados extensamente en la práctica médica debido a su indiscutible utilidad. La osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides es un problema de salud pública. Aunque la patogénesis de la pérdida producida por los glucocorticoides en el hueso no se conoce totalmente, investigaciones recientes han proporcionado nuevas conocimientos en los mecanismos de estos fármacos a nivel celular y molecular. Diversas guías han sido propuestas por diversos grupos para el tratamiento de la OIG; desafortunadamente, las guías del tratamiento no se utilizan adecuadamente en los pacientes.

Principais gestos esportivos executados por jogadores de handebol

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Luiz Carlos Hespanhol Junior

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os principais gestos esportivos executados por jogadores profissionais de handebol. Para a mensuração quantitativa dos principais movimentos executados por cada jogador de handebol avaliado foram realizadas gravações de vídeo em todos os jogos. Foram realizados em média 1288,0 (DP = 190,7 gestos esportivos por jogo. Os armadores centrais realizaram em média 375,0 (DP = 83,7 gestos esportivos, e a posição de pivô 63,3 (DP = 21,2 gestos por jogo. As recepções e os passes foram os gestos mais executados, e a posição que mais realizou gestos esportivos na equipe de handebol avaliada foi o armador central, seguido do armador esquerdo e direito. O pivô foi a posição que menos realizou gestos esportivos.

Higiene mental: conferencia dictada por la Radiodifusora Nacional

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Francisco Gómez Pinzón

1941-01-01

tiene extraordinaria trascendencia para el país por sus vastas repercusiones sobre el futuro de nuestro pueblo, y que, sin embargo ha sido negligentemente olvidado por las autoridades y deliberadamente ignorado por los sectores cultos e ilustrados de nuestra sociedad. Me refería entonces a la curva ascendente que, no sólo entre nosotros sino en todos los países civilizados, han seguido en su propagación las enfermedades nerviosas y mentales, y que hace contraste con la disminución progresiva de las demás afecciones y en especial de las infecto-contagiosas, que están a punto de ser dominadas por la técnica cada día más perfecta de la medicina preventiva. Hoy quiero ocuparme de algunos aspectos de este mismo tema que apenas alcanzaron a ser esbozados en mi conferencia anterior.

La mortalidad por enfermedades del corazón y por reumatismo en la ciudad de bogotá

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Bejarano, Jorge

2012-01-01

La alta cifra de mortalidad por enfermedades cardio-vasculares está indicando la urgencia de una campana para contener sus avances. De todas las adquisiciones sanitarias, ninguna ha tenido el alcance y los resultados admirables de los centros o dispensarios destinados al tratamiento de una enfermedad y a la educación del enfermo. Nadie podrá pues, dudar que los dispensarios o consultorios de enfermedades cardio-vasculares, sea una de las armas más eficaces en la lucha contra la mortalidad por...

Levantamiento del proceso de registros contables por causación de las cuentas por cobrar a clientes

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Mayele-Rodríguez, Luz

2013-01-01

De igual forma el Proyecto de Mejora de Procesos a elaborar, desarrollar e implementar en el Área Administrativa y Financiera del Centro de Pinturas Automotriz “LMS”, es realizar el levantamiento del Proceso de Registros Contables por Causación de las cuentas por cobrar a clientes. Lo anterior se puede desarrollar a partir de un poder de negociación con proveedores que incluye entre otros los siguientes factores : El plazo alcanzado en la negociación de compras de insumos, materias primas, co...

Alarma activada por control remoto selectivo.

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Eguíluz Morán, Luis Ignacio; Lara Santillán, Pedro María; Mañana Canteli, Mario

1995-01-01

La finalidad de esta invención consiste en disponer de una alarma que bien evite el robo de objetos ligeros y portátiles por el procedimiento que se conoce como "del tirón" --es decir, arrebatar algo y salir corriendo--, bien permita identificar un equipaje entre otros. La originalidad del dispositivo reside en la activación/desactivación del dispositivo de sonido por control remoto, así como la posibilidad de seleccionar el sonido de salida dependiendo de su finalidad. Se reivindica como de ...

San Sebastian, vista por Paret y Alcázar

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María Castilla Albisu

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Luis Paret y Alcázar pintó una serie de vistas panorámicas de puertos del litoral Cantábrico, por encargo del rey Carlos III. El objetivo de este trabajo es ahondar en la vida de este pintor para así comprender mejor su obra. A pesar de los estudios realizados por algunos historiadores quedan todavía incógnitas por descubrir relativas a la vida y al trabajo de este artista. Al acercarse a la figura de Paret y Alcázar hay que preguntarse por qué habiendo sido uno de los pintores más prometedores de su tiempo, su figura ha caído en un triste olvido.

Trisegmentectomia hepática direita por videolaparoscopia

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Marcel Autran C. Machado

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Em 2007 os autores descreveram a primeira hepatectomia direita por videolaparoscopia realizada no Brasil. Hepatectomia direita ampliada, também conhecida como trisegmentectomia direita, é procedimento altamente complexo e implica em grande retirada do volume hepático. Os autores descrevem a primeira trisegmentectomia direita por videolaparoscopia realizada no Brasil. TÉCNICA: O paciente é colocado em posição supina em decúbito lateral esquerdo. O cirurgião se coloca entre as pernas da paciente. Utilizamos cinco trocartes, três de 12 mm e dois de 5 mm. Devido à embolização prévia da veia porta direita, o hilo hepático não é dissecado. O pedículo portal direito é seccionado com grampeador laparoscópico de carga vascular por meio de acesso intra-hepático, segundo técnica previamente descrita pelos autores. A seguir procede-se a mobilização do fígado direito seguido de dissecção da veia cava retro-hepática e secção da veia hepática direita. Estes passos são realizados sem manobra de Pringle. O fígado é seccionado com combinação de bisturi harmônico e grampeador endoscópico. O pedículo do segmento 4 é seccionado dentro do fígado. O espécime é retirado por meio de incisão supra-púbica e a área cruenta é revista para verificar hemostasia. O procedimento é encerrado e dreno de sistema fechado é posicionado junto à área cruenta. CONCLUSÃO: Trisegmentectomia hepática direita por videolaparoscopia é procedimento factível e seguro e deve ser considerado para pacientes selecionados. Este procedimento deve ser realizado em centros especializados e por cirurgiões com experiência tanto em cirurgia hepática como cirurgia laparoscópica avançada.

Análisis Competitivo por parte de los talleres de servicio automotriz, mediante el uso del valor percibido por el cliente

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Jaime Baby Moreno

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata del uso del Valor Percibido por el Cliente (VPC como herramienta para el análisis competitivo por parte de talleres de reparación y mantenimiento automotriz. Se muestra cómo se determinan tanto la importancia relativa de los atributos que los compradores tienen en cuenta para evaluar el desempeño de un taller automotriz, como la evaluación de desempeño, realizada por los compradores de los "Talleres de los concesionarios" y de aquellos que son propiedad de individuos. Posteriormente, se ilustra la manera como unos y otros visualizan su posición competitiva. También muestra la brecha entre los valores ideales esperados y los percibidos por el mercado, la cual se constituye en una especie de "mapa" de oportunidades para las firmas actualmente presentes en el mercado y para nuevos participantes.

Malnutrición por defecto de un recién nacido por psicosis puerperal materna: presentación de un caso

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Gavilla González, Bárbara; Díaz Cabrera, Leticia

2011-01-01

En el siguiente trabajo se realizó el seguimiento de un niño desde la etapa de recién nacido hasta el año de edad por malnutrición por defecto, de causa materna por psicosis puerperal. En este caso, la madre rechazaba a su hijo, negándose a alimentarlo, privando al bebé de algo tan importante en esta etapa de la vida como la lactancia materna exclusiva, requiriendo de alimentación complementaria en edad temprana para lograr un aumento de peso adecuado y un desarrollo psicomotor que se igualar...

Malnutrición por defecto de un recién nacido por psicosis puerperal materna: presentación de un caso

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Gavilla González, Bárbara; Díaz Cabrera, Leticia

2012-01-01

En el siguiente trabajo se realizó el seguimiento de un niño desde la etapa de recién nacido hasta el año de edad, por malnutrición por defecto, de causa materna por psicosis puerperal. En este caso, la madre rechazaba a su hijo, negándose a alimentarlo, privando al bebé de algo tan importante en esta etapa de la vida como la lactancia materna exclusiva, requiriendo de alimentación complementaria en edad temprana para lograr un aumento de peso adecuado y un desarrollo psicomotor que se iguala...

Transmisión de Anaplasma marginale por garrapatas

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Kelly A. Brayton

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Anaplasma marginale, patógeno de distribución mundial, es transmitido por garrapatas Ixódidas. Comprender su complejo desarrollo dentro de la garrapata vector, permitirá la predicción de brotes y ofrecerá oportunidades para controlar su transmisión. En este trabajo se revisa su ciclo básico de desarrollo junto con los estudios recientes acerca de las diferencias de transmisión entre cepas, que delinean aspectos de la interacción patógeno - vector. Bacterias, virus o protozoarios transmitidos por artrópodos causan enfermedades severas, tanto en humanos como en animales. Las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por garrapatas, entre las que incluimos a la Anaplasmosis (A. marginale, babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens y Theileriosis (Theileria annulata, T. parva, se encuentran entre las más importantes en el ámbito mundial, con pérdidas cercanas a los siete mil millones de dólares anualmente; y, a pesar de su impacto, permanecen escasamente bajo control, basado primordialmente en la aplicación de acaricidas, para interrumpir su transmisión. La aparición de garrapatas resistentes a múltiples sustancias acaricidas, representa una amenaza en este tipo de control y, como resultado, hay un resurgimiento de la investigación para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para su control. Nuevas opciones para prevenir la transmisión de patógenos de animales por garrapatas, será el resultado de entender las interacciones garrapata patógeno; proceso que culmina con el desarrollo de la infección y transmisión exitosa. En todos los casos de patógenos transmitidos por garrapatas, el desarrollo de la infección se realiza coordinamente a los momentos de adhesión y alimentación del vector sobre el animal. Esto sucede por la interdependencia en la señalización entre el patógeno y el vector al alimentarse y, por ello, será susceptible de intervención.

Del significado responsabilidad de los socios en las compañías mercantiles por acciones y por cuotas.

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Jorge Payome Suárez

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El comentario presentado, además de constituir una guía útil para los socios de compañías mercantiles por acciones y por cuotas, en un aspecto de indudable importancia para ellos, cual es el de su eventual responsabilidad, se erige como una herramienta provechosa para estudiantes y profesionales interesados en el tema. La experiencia académica y docente del autor del ensayo aseguran un análisis autorizado de la materia.

Consumo Voluntario de Forraje por Rumiantes en Pastoreo Consumo Voluntario de Forraje por Rumiantes en Pastoreo

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José Mejía Haro

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The variation in voluntary forage intake is undoubtedly the major dietary factor determining level and efficiency of ruminant production. This variation is bigger and least predictable for grazing ruminants. Range ruminant productivity and efficiency is relatively low due, partly, to intake limitations; productivity could probably be increased most by increasing intake. Distension of the reticulo-rumen wall is the primary intake regulation mechanism of low-quality roughages in range ruminants, digestibility and rate of ingest passage also affect voluntary intake. Body size and metabolic bodysize as well affect intake of grazing animals. Kind and amount of supplementation, forage availability, and grazing intensity have been related to voluntary forage intake. La variación en el consumo voluntario de forraje es indudablemente el principal factor dietario que determina el nivel y eficiencia de producción en un rumiante. Esta variación es mayor y muy difícil de predecir bajo condiciones de pastoreo. La productividad y eficiencia de rumiantes en pastoreo es relativamente baja debido, en parte, a las limitaciones en el consumo; la productividad probablemente se podrá incrementar si se incrementa el consumo. La distensión de la pared del rumenretículo es el principal mecanismo de regulación del consumo de forrajes de baja calidad en rumiantes en pastoreo, aunque la digestibilidad y la tasa de pasaje también afectan el consumo voluntario. Igualmente, el consumo se ve afectado por el tamaño corporal y peso metabólico del animal, por la cantidad y tipo de suplemento ofrecido, por la disponibilidad de forraje y por la intensidad del pastoreo.

Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por metales pesados, generados por la actividad minera artesanal en los ríos Quiroz y Chira – Piura por el método de especiación secuencial

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Loaiza Choque, Leonardo Edwin

2016-01-01

Determina el riesgo ambiental que representan los metales pesados dispuestos en los sedimentos de los ríos Quiroz y Chira ubicados en el departamento de Piura generados por la minería artesanal. Determina las formas químicas en las que se dispersan los metales pesados ambos ríos. Demuestra que el estudio por extracción secuencial puede ser usado como componente de herramienta de gestión ambiental. Realiza el análisis de extracción secuencial por el método BCR el mismo que permite determinar l...

Retinitis por citomegalovirus en un paciente con VIH

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Alena de los Ángeles Vejerano Duany

Full Text Available La retinitis por citomegalovirus es la infección ocular más frecuente en pacientes con un recuento de linfocitos CD4 inferior a 200 por µL. El aspecto oftalmoscópico de las lesiones se caracteriza, en la mayoría de los casos, por infiltrados retinianos resultados de la necrosis retiniana producida por citomegalovirus y el edema en asociación con hemorragias. Estas lesiones se disponen, por lo general, siguiendo las arcadas vasculares temporales con invasión hacia la mácula. Se presentó una paciente de 24 años de edad, femenina, blanca, ama de casa, con antecedentes patológicos personales oculares sin datos de interés, y antecedentes patológicos personales generales de ser diagnosticadas con VIH. Hace cuatro años que comenzó con tratamiento antirretroviral, y tuvo cambios de tratamiento en dos ocasiones. El último fue impuesto en mayo del año 2011, con el cual presentó mala adherencia terapéutica, y comenzó desde entonces a presentar disminución de su peso corporal de forma marcada en breve período de tiempo. Refiere que desde hace unos meses comenzó a presentar una disminución progresiva de la agudeza visual en el ojo derecho, acompañado de visión borrosa. Adquiere gran importancia este caso, ya que ante la supervivencia de los pacientes con sida, va a ser cada vez más frecuente la aparición de las afecciones oculares relacionadas con esta enfermedad. Dentro de ellas se encuentran las infecciones oportunistas mayores como la retinitis por citomegalovirus.

Diferenciales salariales por género y región en Colombia: Una aproximación con regresión por cuantiles

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Luis Armando Galvis

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La existencia de brechas salariales por género es un fenómeno que, al igual que en muchos otros países, está presente en el mercado laboral colombiano.Esas brechas no son homogéneas en todo el territorio, lo que justifica un análisis detallado de lo que ocurre en cada una de las regiones del país. Los resultados muestran diferenciales de salarios positivos en favor de los hombres en la mayoría de las ciudades principales. Sin embargo, no todo este fenómeno puede ser atribuido a la existencia de discriminación, por cuanto existen variados factores que explican parte de la brecha salarial. Para identificarlos se emplea la descomposición de Blinder-Oaxaca (BO en el contexto de regresión por cuantiles. Los resultadosde la aplicación de esta metodología sugieren que las brechas salariales no están explicadas por los atributos observables de los individuos. Dichas disparidades son en su mayoría explicadas por el efecto de las diferencias en la remuneración de atributos tales como la educación, además de elementos no observados. Por ciudades,el estudio muestra patrones que revelan una mayor brecha salarial en las regiones periféricas en comparación con Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Manizales y Pereira.Dado que el efecto remuneración comprende, entre otros, la posible existencia de discriminación por género, es importante que se le otorgue la debida atención a este resultado para efectos de formular políticas en este sentido.

Mortalidad por meningitis por Pasteurella canis. Oportunidades de aprendizaje

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Ana Rosa Ropero Vera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La meningitis bacteriana es una enfermedad importante de distribución mundial, causa mayor y sustancial de mortalidad y morbilidad en países en desarrollo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS sostiene que la meningitis es una de las diez afecciones principales del ser humano y debe ser considerada como una emergencia infectológica; por eso es fundamental reconocer que esta enfermedad es causa de muerte en niños de todo el mundo, sin distinción de raza, nivel económico o sociocultural. Se realizó una investigación de caso en menor de 53 días de nacido, que cumplía con los criterios clínicos y de laboratorio compatible con meningitis bacteriana, con el propósito de analizar y fortalecer la toma de decisiones en salud pública por parte de la secretaría local de salud del municipio de Valledupar (Colombia. Entre los hallazgos se encontró antecedentes infecciosos en el menor, coloración de Gram y cultivo de LCR, en el que se identificó cocobacilos Gram negativos, que fueron aislados como agente causal Pasteurella canis. Este estudio pretende sensibilizar a los prestadores de salud para que cuenten con personal altamente capacitado para brindar tratamientos adecuados y prevenir complicaciones en la meningitis bacteriana en niños, y así disminuir la posibilidad de secuelas o muerte, tanto en pacientes con compromiso inmunológico o sin este.

Por un humor ético

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Victor Paramo Valero

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Ética del humor es una obra original, abundantemente documentada, de contenido científico y filosófico, que aborda un problema de gran importancia en los actuales estudios de éticas aplicadas. La ética del humor es una nueva ética aplicada que pretende comprender el fenómeno del humor a la luz de sus implicaciones éticas. Como señala el autor, Juan Carlos Siurana, reputado experto en el ámbito de la filosofía práctica, el interés por el humor es un interés por la ética. En la obra no presenta una nueva teoría filosófica del humor –las cuales se han venido sucediendo, al menos, desde los Diálogos de Platón–, sino una nueva teoría ética, que toma al humor como objeto principal de análisis. Por tanto, la finalidad es realizar una aportación dentro del ámbito de la ética. Para ello se nutre de distintos estudios psicológicos, biológicos, fisiológicos y neurológicos sobre el humor, así como de clásicas obras de filosofía que han abordado esta cuestión.

Escolhas Associadas ao Automóvel por Homens e por Mulheres: confluência ou divergência? Choices associated with automobiles for Men and Women: convergence or divergence? Opciones relacionadas con el Automóvil por Hombres y por Mujeres: ¿convergencia o divergencia?

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LICHT, René Henrique Götz

2009-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO aumento do poder de compra das mulheres tem levado empresas a adotarem estratégias de diferenciação de produtos e a produzirem produtos específicos para o público feminino. A indústria automobilística não está imune a este fenômeno, uma vez que as mulheres representam aproximadamente metade das vendas de automóvel no país. Considerando as diferenças de consumo e de comportamento entre mulheres e homens é colocada a seguinte questão: há diferenças entre escolhas associadas ao automóvel por homens e mulheres? Foram apresentados aos participantes itens presentes no dia-a-dia das pessoas, e que são por elas valorizados; e foi solicitado aos participantes que escolhessem e associassem estes itens ao automóvel. A análise dos resultados revelou haver mais semelhanças do que diferenças entre escolhas associadas ao automóvel por homens e escolhas associadas ao automóvel por mulheres. A semelhança entre as escolhas sugere que as representações, os significados e valores atribuídos ao automóvel por homens e por mulheres são similares e, desta forma, a estratégia de diferenciação de produtos não se aplica à indústria automobilística.ABSTRACTThe increase of the women purchase power has led some companies to adopt strategies of products differentiation as well as to produce specific products to the female public. The auto industry is not immune to this phenomenon, once the women represent, approximately, half of the automobile sales in the country. Considering the consumption and the behavior differences between women and men, it has set the following question: are there differences between the choices associated to the automobile by men and the choices associated to the automobile by women? It has been presented to the participants items found in the people’s day-by-day, which are valorized by them, and the participants have been asked to choose and associate these items to the automobile. The results analysis

Acuerdo por la discreción

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Yeny Serrano

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se propone un análisis del texto del Acuerdo por la discreción firmado en 1999 por 32 directores de medios de comunicación para “elevar el nivel de calidad y responsabilidad en el cubrimiento y difusión de hechos violentos”. Se analizan los factores que impiden que este Acuerdo produzca cambios efectivos en la práctica profesional informativa y se presenta un modelo (Lemieux, 2000 que tiene en cuenta las variables que influyen en la producción del discurso informativo mediático.

Clonación humana: las preguntas «por qué no» y «por qué sí»

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Velayos Castelo, Carmen

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Why not cloning us is a relevant question for contemporary ethics. The question why not, when it refers to a technology (or to some of its applications, is the question for its moral limits. In other words, it is the question for the universal dangers that a technology entails or could entail in some of its applications. The sphere of the moral evaluation of a technology has to do with the public elimination of the possible harms that are inherent or supervenient to its utilisation. If we focus on the relevant normative questions of the justice sphere, it couldn´t be relevant to answer the question why, that is, why a person or a group of them would wish the technology was applied The question why is related to vital options and ways of create ourselves that needn´t be binding on someone nor are characteristic of the moral point of view. However, the suspicion of this article is the following: the specific character of contemporary technological innovation (of which cloning is a paradigmatic case stimulates and makes relevant the debate about the good (given the collective or global implications of the answers.

Por qué no clonarnos es una pregunta relevante para la ética actual. El por qué no de una técnica -o de determinadas aplicaciones de la misma- es la pregunta por los límites morales. O, de otro modo, es la pregunta por los daños objetivos que ésta supone, o supondría en una determinada aplicación. El marco de evaluación moral de una técnica tiene que ver, pues, con la desestimación pública y universal de posibles daños inherentes o sobrevenibles a su uso. Circunscritas las cuestiones normativas relevantes al ámbito de la justicia, no parecería relevante clarificar cuál sea el por qué -o el por qué sí- un individuo o un conjunto de ellos buscarían la aplicación o puesta en marcha de una técnica. Ésta es la pregunta por opciones vitales y

Orlando Castellanos. La pasión por la radio

OpenAIRE

Castellanos Molina, Orlando, 1930-1998

2004-01-01

Documento sonoro en el que se recogen entrevistas realizadas a Orlando Castellanos por Miguel Ángel de la Guardia, Miladys Ochoa, Fernando Rodríguez Sánchez (Ciego de Ávila), Ángel Ferrera, Boshmonar, Jaime Almiral, Radio Umbral de Santiago de Chile, Franco Carbón, Luis Toledo Sande y Estrella Díaz. Esta grabación pertenece a la colección Palabra Viva, desarrollada por el Centro Cultural Pablo de la Torriente Brau, a partir de las entrevistas realizadas por el periodista Orlando Castellanos. ...

MIASIS CUTÁNEA POR CORDYLOBIA ANTHROPOPHAGA

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Miriam Alkorta Gurrutxaga

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El incremento progresivo en el número de personas que viajan a países tropicales ha hecho que las enfermedades importadas adquieran una relevancia cada vez mayor. Las miasis (o infestaciones por larvas de moscas cutáneas se encuentran entre este tipo de enfermedades siendo especialmente frecuentes en países tropicales. A propósito de la observación de un caso de miasis cutánea masiva por Cordylobia antropophaga, que ocurrió en una mujer de 34 años de edad al volver de un viaje a Senegal, se ha efectuado una revisión de los casos de miasis cutáneas forunculoides importadas publicados en España, así como de la biología, patología, tratamiento y prevención de la miasis humana por Cordylobia anthropophaga. El caso referido, se caracterizó por la infestación con un número inusualmente elevado de larvas, no sospechándose su etiología hasta la fase final de la enfermedad. La emergencia continuada de larvas (se recogieron 91 generó en la paciente un estado de ansiedad importante. Finalmente, la eliminación de las larvas provocó una rápida mejoría de la paciente. Aunque los casos de miasis cutánea no tienen la gravedad de otras enfermedades importadas, su conocimiento es necesario desde el punto de vista preventivo, diagnóstico y terapeútico. Es importante proceder a la identificación morfológica de las larvas diferenciándolas de otro tipo de miasis con implicaciones terapéuticas diferentes.

Mortalidade por leucemias relacionada à industrialização

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Leal Carmen Helena Seoane

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por leucemia na população, buscando identificar agregados e estabelecer sua relação com os níveis de industrialização. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado nas 43 regiões de governo do Estado de São Paulo, no qüinqüênio 1991-1995. Foi construído um "índice de industrialização relativo à leucemia" (IIRL baseado no número de indústrias e empregos industriais por 100.000 habitantes, valor adicionado fiscal, variedade de ramos industriais e indústrias com potenciais exposições de risco para a leucemia. O IIRL foi distribuído em cinco categorias. Verificaram-se os coeficientes padronizados de mortalidade por leucemia em cada uma das regiões, também distribuídos em cinco categorias e comparados ao mapa IIRL. RESULTADOS: As regiões mais industrializadas em ordem decrescente foram Campinas, Piracicaba, Jundiaí, Sorocaba e São Paulo. Não foi encontrada associação entre mortalidade, por nenhum tipo de leucemia, e industrialização. A região de Jales foi a que apresentou o mais alto coeficiente padronizado de mortalidade por leucemia. CONCLUSÕES: A distribuição da mortalidade por leucemia ocorreu de forma homogênea no Estado de São Paulo, não apresentando correlação com o nível de industrialização. Entretanto, aspectos relacionados ao método epidemiológico adotado -- estudo ecológico -- e ao uso do parâmetro "mortalidade por leucemia", doença cujo prognóstico tem mudado muito nas últimas décadas, limitaram a interpretação dos resultados.

Perspectivas mecanisticas de reações organicas catalisadas por paladio : Heck, oxa-Heck e acoplamento de Buchwald-Hartwig por ESI-MS/MS

OpenAIRE

Boniek Gontijo Vaz

2009-01-01

Resumo: A espectrometria de Massas por eletronspray (ESI-MS) tornou-se um método prático para o estudo de mecanismos reacionais em solução. Neste trabalho importantes reações catalisadas por paládio: reação de Heck-Mizoroki, oxa-Heck e o acoplamento de Buchwald-Hartwig foram monitoradas por ESI-MS visando interceptar espécies que comprovam as atuais propostas mecanísticas ou que abram caminho para novas propostas para estas reações. O monitoramento das reações foi realizado no modo off-line, ...

DE ACUMULACIÓN POR DESPOSESIÓN

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Sebastián Gómez Lende

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Omnipresente, la acumulación por desposesión es uno de los elementos centrales del orden global contemporáneo. Observados desde una perspectiva crítica, los usos extractivos del territorio constituyen una de las principales expresiones de ese proceso. A la luz de ese sistema de ideas, este artículo procura demostrar que el modelo sojero actualmente vigente en la Argentina es una de las formas más completas, exhaustivas, actuales y sofisticadas, de acumulación por desposesión en el país. En ese sentido, el artículo analiza el boom de la soja transgénica y sus vínculos con las formas tanto seculares (endeudamiento financiero, concentración de la propiedad rural, usurpación de la tierra y actuales de desposesión (degradación de la naturaleza, despojo del derecho a la salud, pillaje de recursos genéticos efectuadas por los grandes agricultores, el capital financiero, las agroindustrias y las corporaciones biotecnológicas, en detrimento de los pequeños productores, los campesinos, los pueblos aborígenes y la población en general.

La compra por impulso de productos de alimentación

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Luna-Arocas, Roberto; Bech-Larsen, Tino

2004-01-01

El consumo de productos de alimentación muestra una serie de matices diferenciales en su análisis si lo comparamos con otros productos de compra por impulso. En este sentido, se relaciona la compra por impulso de productos de alimentación con una baja importancia de la imagen fisica, y con las de...... descrepancias personales entre lo que un individuo es y quiere ser. Como resultado en una mestra de estudisantes, la compra por impulso de productes de alimentación se relaciona con imagen fisica pero no con las discrepanacias personales.......El consumo de productos de alimentación muestra una serie de matices diferenciales en su análisis si lo comparamos con otros productos de compra por impulso. En este sentido, se relaciona la compra por impulso de productos de alimentación con una baja importancia de la imagen fisica, y con las...

Itinerarios didácticos por la isla de Tenerife

OpenAIRE

Becerra Ramírez, María Carmen; Javier Dóniz-Páez; González Cárdenas, Elena; Gosálvez, Rafael U.; Becerra-Ramírez, Rafael; Escobar Lahoz, Estela

2013-01-01

Con la elaboración de esta guía de Itinerarios Didácticos por la isla de Tenerife pretendemos contribuir a un mayor conocimiento de las características geográficas de un espacio dominado por las formas y formaciones volcánicas que caracterizan un paisaje fuertemente modificado por la actividad humana. El hombre convive y usa lo que los volcanes le ofrecen, tradicionalmente como soporte de sus cultivos o de su actividad ganadera,y modernamente como base de la industria turística. Los itiner...

¿Por qué estudiar en la Universidad EAN?

OpenAIRE

2013-01-01

Razones para estudiar en la Universidad EAN: 1. Por ser la Universidad No.1 en Latinoamérica y No. 28 en el mundo, según el ranking mundial de Escuelas de Negocios que lidera el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Laboratorio de Cibermetría de España. 2. Por la flexibilidad en los planes de estudio que permite adelantar unidades y cursar la carrera en un tiempo menor. 3. Por la formación académica en dos ciclos semestrales, favoreciendo el aprendizaje y la concentrac...

"Efecto del ingreso obtenido por el socio industrial por concepto de alimentos en la sociedad en nombre colectivo"

OpenAIRE

Adame Alba, Nayzeth

2011-01-01

Hoy en día la excesiva carga tributaria en nuestro país, nos obliga a buscar alternativas factibles y seguras, en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales, por ello, debemos aprovechar la existencia de figuras jurídicas útiles para la optimización de recursos financieros dentro del marco de ley, es el caso de la sociedad en nombre colectivo, que nos permite la existencia de socios industriales que a su vez, el ingreso que perciben por concepto de alimentos se encuentra exento de impuestos...

ANTIOXIDANTES: MICRONUTRIENTES EN LUCHA POR LA SALUD

OpenAIRE

Zamora S, Juan Diego

2007-01-01

Los antioxidantes son sustancias químicas que se caracterizan por impedir o retrasar la oxidación de diversas sustancias principalmente de los ácidos grasos cuyas reacciones se producen tanto en los alimentos como en el organismo humano, en el cual puede provocar alteraciones fisiológicas importantes desencadenantes de diversas enfermedades. Otra de las funciones de los antioxidantes es facilitar el uso fisiológico del oxígeno por parte de las mitocondrias celulares, ayudando a reducir los ef...

Esporotricosis diagnosticada por el laboratorio

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Nelly Ordóñez

1989-06-01

Full Text Available De 1976 a 1989 se han diagnosticado 40 casos de esporotricosis en el laboratorio de Micología del Instituto Nacional de Salud. La enfermedad se presentó en pacientes entre 4 y 52 años y tuvo predilección por el sexo masculino: 35 de 40 (87,5%; las formas clínicas más frecuentes fueron la cutánea fija, 18 de 40 (45%, y la linfocutánea, 17 de 40 (42,5%, con localización mayor en miembros superiores, 18 de 40 (45%. El diagnóstico se estableció por el aislamiento del Sporothrix schenckii en 35 de 38 pacientes (92%; los otros dos pacientes se diagnosticaron empleando otras técnicas: inmunofluorescencia directa, intradermorreacción y aglutinación en tubo.

Análise Sazonal das Regiões do Rio Grande do Sul Atingidas por Eventos Severos Gerados por SCM no Período de 2004 a 2008

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Gustavo Rasera

2012-07-01

Full Text Available ntos Severos (ES, como por exemplo, vendaval, granizo e enchente, têm sido estudados com frequência devido à gravidade dos danos que estes causam à sociedade. Um dos sistemas meteorológicos que é bastante comum no Rio Grande do Sul (RS, e que frequentemente está associado aos ES são os Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala (SCM. Como a economia do RS é voltada majoritariamente para a agricultura, que é bastante suscetível às mudanças do tempo, é frequente no Estado a ocorrência de prejuízos econômicos causados por ES. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a distribuição sazonal das regiões atingidas por ES gerados por SCM que afetaram o RS (ESSCMRS no período de 2004 a 2008. Foram utilizados, para o período de estudo, dados de ocorrências de ES e municípios atingidos por ES (MAES obtidos no banco de dados da Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil do RS; trajetórias dos SCM que afetaram o RS (SCMRS geradas a partir de informações fornecidas pela ferramenta ForTrACC (Forecasting and Tracking of Active Cloud Clusters e imagens brutas do satélite GOES 10 e 12 do canal 4. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: i ~45% dos ES observados foram gerados por SCMRS; ii ~58% dos MAES foram atingidos por SCMRS; iii a porção norte do RS foi a mais atingida por ESSCMRS; iv vendaval e granizo foram os tipos de ESSCMRS que atingiram o maior número de municípios e v JAS (jul-ago-set foi o trimestre que apresentou o maior número de municípios atingidos por ESSCMRS (MAES-SCMRS.

El aprendizaje visto por los estudiantes venezolanos

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Berta Elena Barrios

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En el siguiente trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre las con-cepciones del aprendizaje de un grupo de estudiantes venezolanos de educa-ción primaria y media. Se trató de replicar el instrumento y procedimiento deanálisis utilizado por los investigadores Berry y Sahlberg (1996, con el objetivode caracterizar cómo conciben el aprendizaje estudiantes venezolanos entre 11y 15 años de edad y compararlo con sus pares ingleses y finlandeses. El análi-sis de resultados se basó en los criterios propuestos por dichos autores, deno-minados Pasos para un Buen Aprendizaje. Los hallazgos indican que los estu-diantes venezolanos conciben el aprendizaje como memorizar conocimientos,básicamente escolares, enseñados por los docentes. Las concepciones deambas poblaciones se ubican en una visión pasiva del aprendizaje. Se discutela vinculación de las concepciones del aprendizaje con las prácticas de la escuela.

Epidemiologia das infecções hematogênicas por Candida spp

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Colombo Arnaldo Lopes

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O gênero Candida spp é responsável por cerca de 80% das infecções fúngicas no ambiente hospitalar e constitui causa relevante de infecções de corrente sanguínea. Nos Estados Unidos da América, Candida spp é a quarta causa mais comum de infecções de corrente sanguínea, respondendo por cerca de 8% dos casos das infecções documentadas neste sítio. Espécies não-albicans respondem hoje por ao menos 50% das infecções invasivas por Candida spp, apresentando peculiaridades de história natural e sensibilidade a antifúngicos. A mortalidade geral de fungemias por Candida spp é da ordem de 40 a 60%, tornado esta complicação infecciosa um grande desafio para os clínicos que trabalham em hospitais terciários em diferentes países.

Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad en la ciudad de México

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Carrillo-Rodríguez José G.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre la zona urbana de origen del paciente en la ciudad de México y la prevalencia de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad inducida por antígeno aviario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, en la ciudad de México, en el año de 1999. Se estudiaron 109 casos con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad y 184 controles: de éstos, 39, con fibrosis pulmonar idiopática; 63, con tuberculosis pulmonar, y 82, con asma. La ciudad de México y las zonas conurbadas se dividieron en cinco zonas geográficas: centro, noreste, sureste, noroeste y el suroeste. Se calcularon las prevalencias de las diferentes enfermedades por zona urbana de los pacientes que participaron en el estudio; como medida de asociación, se estimó la razón de momios, con un intervalo de confianza al 95%. Asimismo, se realizó regresión logística múltiple ajustando por edad, sexo y estrato socioeconómico. RESULTADOS: Ochenta casos de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad se concentraron en el sur del noreste de las zonas conurbadas y la parte norte del sureste de la ciudad de México, 48 y 32, respectivamente (RM= 3.86, IC 95% 2.17-6.96. Treinta y seis controles de asma se localizaron en el suroeste de la ciudad de México, zona donde se ubica el Intituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (p<0.05 y cuatro en la zona conurbada. Los controles de tuberculosis pulmonar y fibrosis pulmonar idiopática estuvieron dispersos en la ciudad de México y en las zonas conurbadas. CONCLUSIONES: La zona sur del noreste y el norte de la sureste están asociadas a la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad. Las causas de esta asociación no parece ser geográfica, pero existe el antecedente de que esa zona fue basurero de la ciudad, por lo que partículas orgánicas en el ambiente pudieran coadyuvar a la aparición de esta enfermedad.

PANORAMA LATINOAMERICANO DEL PAGO POR SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES

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González T. Ángela

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este documento busca proveer al lector de algunos elementos para el análisis y reflexión en torno al pago por servicios ambientales. Para ello, en primera instancia, aborda algunos conceptos básicos relacionados con economía ambiental, seguido de temas como la valoración económica de servicios ambientales y la implementación de mecanismos de pago por algunos de ellos. Lo anterior esta enriquecido con experiencias o estudios de caso a nivel latinoamericano y colombiano.

Efeito protetor da melatonina sobre intoxicações por herbicidas

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Lécio L. de Almeida

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O uso inadequado de herbicidas pode resultar em intoxicações agudas e, às vezes, crônicas por exposição em longo prazo a baixos níveis desses agentes tóxicos, podendo o herbicida atuar também como agentes teratogênicos, mutagênicos, cancerígenos e desreguladores endócrinos, com o aparecimento de doenças neurodegenerativas e distúrbios reprodutivos. Estudos têm revelado que a melatonina tem propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e imunomoduladoras e atua na reprodução. Essa indolamina está entre os agentes que têm se mostrado benéfico em intoxicações por herbicidas, porém não há relatos do uso de melatonina contra intoxicações por Glifosato-Roundup®, muito menos em associação com o Paraquat. Dessa forma, o maior interesse no tratamento das intoxicações por herbicidas, tem-se concentrado em medidas que impeçam ou minimizem as lesões celulares provocadas nos diversos sistemas biológicos. Assim, a melatonina, como antioxidante conhecido, pode ser mais uma alternativa contra as intoxicações por herbicidas associados e/ou individuais.

Eficacia del Albendazol en dosis única sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo en escolares de una comunidad de Iquitos, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Theresa W Gyorkos

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la eficacia en dosis única del albendazol sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo (HTS en escolares de una comunidad de la ciudad de Iquitos en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Dentro del contexto de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado realizado en una comunidad periurbana de escasos recursos, situada en Iquitos, en la Amazonía de Perú, se obtuvieron muestras de heces de escolares del quinto grado de primaria en 18 escuelas y se analizó la prevalencia y la intensidad de HTS. Un total de 1193 escolares fueron desparasitados con albendazol en dosis única (400 mg. De los 909 escolares que fueron encontrados positivos con al menos una infección por HTS, una muestra aleatoria de 385 fue seguida dos semanas más tarde, cuando se recolectó y analizó una segunda muestra de heces. Resultados. La eficacia del albendazol fue satisfactoria para las infecciones por Ascaris lumbricoides con una tasa de reducción de huevos (TRH de 99,8%; IC 95: 99,3-100 y por anquilostomideos con una TRH de 93,6%, IC 95%: 88,2-96,6 y por Trichuris trichiura con una TRH de 72,7%, IC 95: 58,5-79,1. Conclusiones. Estos resultados son indicativos de niveles satisfactorios de eficacia y son congruentes con datos publicados sobre la eficacia del albendazol y directivas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Futuras investigaciones deben centrarse en mejorar la eficacia de las estrategias de tratamiento para la infección por Trichuris trichiura.

ENSAYOS DE CREEP POR TORSIÓN Y TRACCIÓN

OpenAIRE

Daniela Alessio; Sandra Robles; Lilian Moro; René Molina

2017-01-01

En este estudio se efectúa el análisis de dos metodologías de ensayo para evaluar el comportamiento de un material al creep o fluencia por activación térmica o termofluencia. Se realizaron en laboratorio dos tipos de ensayos, por torsión y por tracción, bajo combinaciones de temperatura y tensión comparables, de un acero austenítico, de uso habitual en los equipos de la industria petroquímica de la región. Con los registros adquiridos, se graficaron las diferentes curvas deformación-tiempo de...

Premian record transmision de datos a 5,44 gigabits por segundo

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

"El Laboratorio Europeo para la Fisica de Particulas (CERN) y el Instituto de Tecnologia de California (EEUU) seran galardonados con un premio por haber conseguido batir el record de velocidad de transmision por Internet a 5,44 gigabits por segundo, informaron hoy, miercoles, fuentes de ambos organismos" (1/2 page).

Multiple mechanisms of phase variation of PorA in Neisseria meningitidis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Ende, A.; Hopman, C. T.; Dankert, J.

2000-01-01

Previously, we reported that PorA expression in Neisseria meningitidis is modulated by variation in the length of the homopolymeric tract of guanidine residues between the -35 and -10 regions of the promoter or by deletion of porA. To reveal additional mechanisms of variation in PorA expression, the

Celulitis por Microascus trigonosporus(anamorfo Scopulariopsis trigonospora

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DELIA CANLE CORTIÑAS

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Microascus trigonosporus ( anamorfo Scopulariopsis trigonospora es un hongo filamentoso ubicuo que se encuentra en el suelo , plumas de aves, material vegetal e insectos. Aunque Scopulariopsis spp se consideran comúnmente hongos contaminantes , pueden causar ocasionalmente infecciones en humanos, en especial onicomicosis . Excepcionalmente se han descrito infecciones de piel, abscesos cerebrales, endocarditis ,sinusitis e infecciones diseminadas por Scopulariopsis spp , casi siempre en pacientes inmunodeprimidos . En los últimos años se han publicado un mayor número de casos de infecciones oportunistas por Scopulariopsis spp y otros hialohifomicetos multiresistentes. Todavía no está establecido cuál es el mejor régimen de tratamiento para las infecciones por Scopulariopsis spp. Presentamos un caso excepcional de celulitis por Microascus trigonosporus en un paciente con tratamiento prolongado con corticoides. Abstract: Microascus trigonosporus ( Anamorph Scopulariopsis trigonospora is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, feathers ,plant material and insects. While Scopulariopsis is commonly considered as a contaminat fungus it may cause occasionally infections in humans ,especially onychomycosis .Skin lesions, brain abscess , endocarditis, sinusitis and disseminated infections due to Scopulariopsis species have been rarely reported , usually in immunocompromised patients . Over the last few years opportunistic infections by Scopulariopsis species and others multi-resistant hyalohyphomycetes have been increasingly reported . No clear treatment regimen for Scopulariopsis species infections has been established yet. We present a exceptional case of cellulitis due to Microascus trigonosporus in a patient with prolonged steroid therapy.

System design description for portable 1,000 CFM exhauster Skids POR-007/Skid E and POR-008/Skid F

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, O.D.

1998-01-01

The primary purpose of the two 1,000 CFM Exhauster Skids, POR-007-SKID E and POR-008-SKID F, is to provide backup to the waste tank primary ventilation systems for tanks 241-C-106 and 241-AY-102, and the AY-102 annulus in the event of a failure during the sluicing of tank 241-C-106 and subsequent transfer of sluiced waste to 241-AY-102. This redundancy is required since both of the tank ventilation systems have been declared as Safety Class systems

Variabilidad estacional de hospitalizaciones por varicela en el INSN, Lima-Perú

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Edwin Miranda-Choque

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las variabilidad estacional de hospitalizaciones por varicela. Diseño: Serie de casos. Institución: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN del Perú. Participantes: Niños hospitalizados por varicela. Intervenciones: Se estudió las hospitalizaciones por varicela de niños atendidos en el INSN del Perú desde el año 2001 hasta el 2011, país sin implementación de la vacunación contra la varicela; se identificó a los pacientes de la oficina de estadística. Principales medidas de resultados: Variabilidad estacional de hospitalizaciones de los niños atendidos por varicela. Resultados: Se estudió a 1 566 niños hospitalizados por varicela, siendo la mediana de edad de 2 años 6 meses, 46,4% (727/1 466 de sexo femenino, mediana de estancia hospitalaria seis días (RIQ:9,4. El grupo etario más afectado fue de 0 a 2 años, correspondiendo al 55% (864/1 566. En la curva de frecuencias de hospitalizaciones por varicela por meses evidenciamos la distribución estacional, con una tendencia al incremento cada vez mayor por año. Las hospitalizaciones por varicelas con al menos alguna complicación correspondieron a 68,5%(1 073/1 566. El porcentaje de fallecidos fue 0,83% (13/1 493. Conclusiones: Las hospitalizaciones por varicela en el INSN es una causa importante de morbilidad, con una tendencia estacional, siendo más frecuente en los meses de noviembre a febrero, con el incremento cada vez mayor por año y supone una importante carga económica.

Mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia, 1979-2008

OpenAIRE

Pablo Chaparro; Julio Padilla

2012-01-01

Introducción. En Colombia, el paludismo representa un grave problema de salud pública. Se estima que, aproximadamente, 60 % de la población se encuentra en riesgo de enfermar o de morir por esta causa. Objetivo. Describir la tendencia de la mortalidad por paludismo en Colombia desde 1979 hasta 2008. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo para determinar la tendencia de las tasas de mortalidad. Las fuentes de información fueron las bases de datos de las defunciones...

El estrés por temperatura provoca necrosis en tabaco negro; cuantificación por análisis de imágenes

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Eduardo Ortega

2008-07-01

de imágenes ImageJ. Este programa es capaz de adquirir, mostrar, editar, resaltar y analizar imágenes. Se demostró que las hojas sometidas a 4 ºC, independientemente del tiempo de exposición, presentaron una mayor área necrosada (35% en comparación con el resto de los tratamientos. Las áreas con acumulación de H2O2 in situ fueron mayores en los tratamientos de estrés por temperaturas altas (45 y 60 oC. La detección y cuantificación de la necrosis producida por temperaturas extremas, combinando el método del azul de tripano con el análisis de imágenes, es una herramienta útil para valorar los daños producidos por estrés de temperaturas y pudiera ser utilizado para valorar los daños celulares provocados por otros tipos de estrés.Palabras clave: variedad-Habana-2000; especies reactivas de oxígeno; H2O2;; Habana-2000-variety; reactive oxygen species.

Yeast Interspecies Comparative Proteomics Reveals Divergence in Expression Profiles and Provides Insights into Proteome Resource Allocation and Evolutionary Roles of Gene Duplication*

Science.gov (United States)

Kito, Keiji; Ito, Haruka; Nohara, Takehiro; Ohnishi, Mihoko; Ishibashi, Yuko; Takeda, Daisuke

2016-01-01

Omics analysis is a versatile approach for understanding the conservation and diversity of molecular systems across multiple taxa. In this study, we compared the proteome expression profiles of four yeast species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces mikatae, Kluyveromyces waltii, and Kluyveromyces lactis) grown on glucose- or glycerol-containing media. Conserved expression changes across all species were observed only for a small proportion of all proteins differentially expressed between the two growth conditions. Two Kluyveromyces species, both of which exhibited a high growth rate on glycerol, a nonfermentative carbon source, showed distinct species-specific expression profiles. In K. waltii grown on glycerol, proteins involved in the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis were expressed in high abundance. In K. lactis grown on glycerol, the expression of glycolytic and ethanol metabolic enzymes was unexpectedly low, whereas proteins involved in cytoplasmic translation, including ribosomal proteins and elongation factors, were highly expressed. These marked differences in the types of predominantly expressed proteins suggest that K. lactis optimizes the balance of proteome resource allocation between metabolism and protein synthesis giving priority to cellular growth. In S. cerevisiae, about 450 duplicate gene pairs were retained after whole-genome duplication. Intriguingly, we found that in the case of duplicates with conserved sequences, the total abundance of proteins encoded by a duplicate pair in S. cerevisiae was similar to that of protein encoded by nonduplicated ortholog in Kluyveromyces yeast. Given the frequency of haploinsufficiency, this observation suggests that conserved duplicate genes, even though minor cases of retained duplicates, do not exhibit a dosage effect in yeast, except for ribosomal proteins. Thus, comparative proteomic analyses across multiple species may reveal not only species-specific characteristics of metabolic processes under

ESTUDIO DEL IMPACTO TÉCNICO DE MEZCLAS DE CONCRETO HIDRÁULICO POR LA SUSTITUCIÓN PARCIAL DE CEMENTO POR ZEOLITA

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I. Miranda Pasos

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La industria de la construcción cada vez más consciente de la necesidad de ejecutar obras con materiales que se obtengan y/o utilicen procesos industriales que minimicen la contaminación y, que contribuyan en el comportamiento de un producto como lo es el concreto hidráulico en la construcción, ha estado buscando alternativas de materiales que sustituyan total o parcialmente al cemento por otro cementante que contamine menos en su procesos de obtención y que conserve las propiedades o las mejore. Una alternativa para sustitución parcial del cemento es la zeolita, es un mineral que se obtiene por proceso de excavación y molienda de puzolana. La norma ASTM-618, define a las puzolanas como materiales silíceo o aluminio-silíceo que por sí solo poseen poco a ningún valor cementante, pero cuando se han dividido finamente y en presencia de agua e hidróxido de calcio (Cal reaccionan químicamente a temperatura ambiente para formar cementantes (Miranda, 2008. Recientemente se ha estudiado el efecto de adicionar mineral Cal-Zeolita para la elaboración del concreto, cuyos resultados son favorables al comportamiento mecánico y su durabilidad (Dopico J.J., et al. 2009. Para la elaboración de morteros para recubrimientos al incorporar arenas zeolíticas como sustituto de la arena tradicional (Tiburcio et al. 2008. El presente proyecto evaluó el comportamiento del concreto hidráulico en estado fresco y endurecido al sustituir de manera parcial cemento por zeolita. Se enfocó a la evaluación del comportamiento mecánico como al diseño de la mezcla de concreto hidráulico fabricado con cemento normal y con cemento-zeolita. Tomando en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, la zeolita incorporada en porcentajes entre el 5% y 10 % tiende a valores de resistencias muy cercanos al concreto normal, los modelos obtenidos así lo corroboran, por lo que se puede concluir la factibilidad de sustitución parcial de cemento por zeolita tomando en cuenta el

PERFIL DOS ATENDIMENTOS POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS EM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO

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Marlos Victor Fonsêca de Lima

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue identificar el perfil de los atendimientos por causas externas en la urgencia de un hospital público de referencia del Estado. Investigación descriptiva documental, con enfoque cuantitativo. En el análisis de datos, el período de enero a diciembre de 2009 se realizó 4.464 atendimientos por causas externas. La mayor frecuencia de las lesiones ocurrió en personas entre 21 y 40 años (37,70% y hombres (68,6%. Cuanto a las causas, las caídas (29% fue la mayor variable, seguido por accidente de motocicleta (17,98%, accidentes domiciliario (16,53%, agresión física (10,43% y accidente de motocicleta (8,84%. Se observó que 23,3% de los atendimientos realizados en la urgencia fueron de la población procedente de municipios aledaños. Hay, por lo tanto, la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de las informaciones acerca de las quejas motivadas por causas externas, principales causas de hospitalización y gastos en salud.

Justicia social y ambiental: mujeres por la soberanía alimentaria

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Angelica Velasco Sesma

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Dada la situación de crisis alimentaria, climática, energética y financiera a nivel internacional y el aumento del hambre en el mundo, numerosos movimientos sociales se han unido para luchar por la soberanía alimentaria y por la agricultura campesina. Las mujeres, como sujetos que desempeñan un rol fundamental en la actividad agraria, han manifestado, en la Declaración de las mujeres por la Soberanía Alimentaria, Nyéléni, Mali, 2007, que pretenden unir su lucha por la sostenibilidad con la reivindicación de sus derechos.

Escenarios de costos generados por el uso del costeo variable

OpenAIRE

Zea Lourido, Felipe

2013-01-01

Este trabajo demuestra cómo el costeo absorbente, considerado por expertos en la materia, uno de los métodos de costeo usado frecuentemente por las organizaciones, con el propósito de determinar el valor de los inventarios y del costo de productos vendidos que intervienen en el estado de resultados para usuarios externos (stakeholders), al compararlo con el costeo variable, preferido por algunos administradores para toma de decisiones internas y usado en la preparación del estado de resultado...

Elasticidad precio de la demanda por autopistas interurbanas en Chile

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Rodrigo Sanes

2013-01-01

transporte depende de la información que se disponga respecto a la elasticidad precio de la demanda por el uso de puentes, túneles y carreteras. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la elasticidad precio de la demanda por el uso de autopistas interurbanas en Chile utilizando el método de regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas (SUR y un panel de 48 datos mensuales obtenidos a partir de 21 plazas de peajes (48 x 21. Nuestros resultados muestran que, aún controlando por el precio de la gasolina y el nivel de actividad económica, la demanda por el uso de carreteras resulta ser muy inelástica al precio del peaje, con valores que oscilan entre -0,17 para automóviles y -0,05 para camiones.

Mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural en México, 1980-1997

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Ramírez-Espitia José A

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Describir la mortalidad en México por defectos del tubo neural, durante el periodo 1980-1997. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las tasas anuales de mortalidad estatales y nacionales, por defectos del tubo neural, se calcularon por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La tendencia temporal fue evaluada por el porcentaje de cambio anual obtenido mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson. Se calculó la razón de mortalidad, tomando la media nacional como referencia. Las tasas y las razones se representaron gráficamente en mapas. RESULTADOS: Durante el periodo la tasa bruta de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue de 5.8 por 10 000 nacidos vivos. La anencefalia fue el tipo de defecto más frecuente (37.7%, seguida de la espina bífida sin hidrocefalia (31.6%. La tendencia nacional de la mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fue ascendente entre 1980 y 1990 (porcentaje de cambio anual 7.5 IC 95% 6.5, 8.6 y descendente entre 1990-1997 (porcentaje de cambio anual -2.3 IC 95% -3.6, -0.9. CONCLUSIONES: Las altas tasas de mortalidad por defectos del tubo neural fueron debidas principalmente a la elevada frecuencia de las anencefalias. El incremento observado parece no ser sólo atribuible a cuestiones puramente diagnósticas o de mejora en los registros. La influencia de factores asociados a estos defectos, como determinados polimorfismos genéticos, la deficiencia de ácido fólico, la obesidad materna, la exposición laboral a plaguicidas y la pobreza deberán evaluarse mediante estudios específicos.

Ependimoma celular parcialmente resecado complicado con meningoependimocoroiditis bacteriana por Pseudomonas aeruginosa e infección sistémica por citomegalovirus

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Francisco Javier Otero-Mendoza

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Niño de 1 año 10 meses de edad, originario de Irapuato, Guanajuato, sin antecedentes de importancia para el padecimiento actual. Inició dos meses previos a su ingreso con crisis convulsivas tónico-clónicas generalizadas de 15 segundos de duración durante el sueño. Se realizó electroencefalograma que reportó actividad epileptiforme, por lo que se dio tratamiento con ácido valproico. Una semana previa al ingreso se agregó ataxia troncal impidiendo la marcha, por lo que se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo en la que se observó un tumor en fosa posterior con densidad heterogénea y áreas de necrosis central que obliteraba el cuarto ventrículo, ocasionando efecto de masa y desplazamiento ventral del tallo cerebral. Por tal motivo, fue referido a nuestra institución.

Evolutionary divergence in the fungal response to fluconazole revealed by soft clustering

KAUST Repository

Kuo, Dwight

2010-07-23

Background: Fungal infections are an emerging health risk, especially those involving yeast that are resistant to antifungal agents. To understand the range of mechanisms by which yeasts can respond to anti-fungals, we compared gene expression patterns across three evolutionarily distant species - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis - over time following fluconazole exposure. Results: Conserved and diverged expression patterns were identified using a novel soft clustering algorithm that concurrently clusters data from all species while incorporating sequence orthology. The analysis suggests complementary strategies for coping with ergosterol depletion by azoles - Saccharomyces imports exogenous ergosterol, Candida exports fluconazole, while Kluyveromyces does neither, leading to extreme sensitivity. In support of this hypothesis we find that only Saccharomyces becomes more azole resistant in ergosterol-supplemented media; that this depends on sterol importers Aus1 and Pdr11; and that transgenic expression of sterol importers in Kluyveromyces alleviates its drug sensitivity. Conclusions: We have compared the dynamic transcriptional responses of three diverse yeast species to fluconazole treatment using a novel clustering algorithm. This approach revealed significant divergence among regulatory programs associated with fluconazole sensitivity. In future, such approaches might be used to survey a wider range of species, drug concentrations and stimuli to reveal conserved and divergent molecular response pathways.

Evolutionary divergence in the fungal response to fluconazole revealed by soft clustering

KAUST Repository

Kuo, Dwight; Tan, Kai; Zinman, Guy; Ravasi, Timothy; Bar-Joseph, Ziv; Ideker, Trey

2010-01-01

Background: Fungal infections are an emerging health risk, especially those involving yeast that are resistant to antifungal agents. To understand the range of mechanisms by which yeasts can respond to anti-fungals, we compared gene expression patterns across three evolutionarily distant species - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis - over time following fluconazole exposure. Results: Conserved and diverged expression patterns were identified using a novel soft clustering algorithm that concurrently clusters data from all species while incorporating sequence orthology. The analysis suggests complementary strategies for coping with ergosterol depletion by azoles - Saccharomyces imports exogenous ergosterol, Candida exports fluconazole, while Kluyveromyces does neither, leading to extreme sensitivity. In support of this hypothesis we find that only Saccharomyces becomes more azole resistant in ergosterol-supplemented media; that this depends on sterol importers Aus1 and Pdr11; and that transgenic expression of sterol importers in Kluyveromyces alleviates its drug sensitivity. Conclusions: We have compared the dynamic transcriptional responses of three diverse yeast species to fluconazole treatment using a novel clustering algorithm. This approach revealed significant divergence among regulatory programs associated with fluconazole sensitivity. In future, such approaches might be used to survey a wider range of species, drug concentrations and stimuli to reveal conserved and divergent molecular response pathways.

Higiene alimentaria para la prevención de trastornos digestivos infecciosos y por toxinas

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G. Manuel Moreno, Dr.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El principal factor que interviene en el origen y prevención de las enfermedades trasmitidas por los alimentos es la higiene alimentaria. Dichas enfermedades son causadas por la ingestión de alimentos o agua contaminados con microorganismos patógenos ocasionando una infección o por la ingestión de alimentos contaminados con toxinas. Los principales agentes involucrados son Escherichia Coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria Monocytogenes, Norovirus, virus Hepatitis A, Astrovirus, Rotavirus, y Virus Coxsackie. Toxinas producidas por hongos o por microflora marina y los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes pueden también causar serios problemas de salud. La inocuidad alimentaría ha tomado relevancia debido a una mayor exigencia por consumidores cada día más informados y por las demandas del comercio exterior. Medidas que aseguren una adecuada higiene alimentaría nos permitirá prevenir enfermedades, principalmente digestivas, causadas por variados agentes en los alimentos. Esto se logra por la implementación de las medidas propuestas por la Comisión Internacional conocida como Codex Alimentarius.

Endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata por Sphingomonas paucimobilis

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Omar Mauri Garrido

Full Text Available Se presenta la caracterización y manejo terapéutico de un caso de endoftalmitis bacteriana posoperatoria causada por el germen Sphingomonas paucimobilis. La endoftalmitis es la inflamación de los tejidos intraoculares, considerada como la más devastadora de las complicaciones posoperatorias; posee pronóstico visual muy reservado y un elevado riesgo de secuela. Las Sphingomonas paucimobilis son bacterias gramnegativas con forma de bacilo, quimioheterótrofa y estrictamente aerobias que causan enfermedades en los seres humanos, principalmente infecciones hospitalarias que típicamente son tratadas fácilmente con antibióticos. Por sus capacidades biodegradantes y biosintéticas, son pocos los reportes hallados de infección intraocular por este germen. El pronóstico visual es favorable con un diagnóstico precoz y la aplicación del tratamiento adecuado. En este artículo se presentan un caso de endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata por Sphingomonas paucimobilis reportado en Cuba en el mes de septiembre de 2009.

Eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos

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Ronaldo de Carvalho Raimundo

2010-03-01

Full Text Available El eritema multiforme, aparece como una enfermedad sistémica con la participación de la piel y las membranas mucosas en relación con varios factores como las infecciones bacterianas o virales, y en particular la administración de drogas, analgésicos y antibióticos en general. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 29 años de edad con eritema multiforme mayor desencadenado por antimicrobianos con la aparición de lesiones vesiculares-bulloso-ulcerosas en las regiones de los labios, encías, la lengua y la mucosa genital en tratamiento de una infección del tracto urinario con norfloxacino 400 mg por una semana. Fue realizado un tratamiento de soporte con el uso de colutorios para la higienización bucal y pomada a base de corticoide para protección de las úlceras, antihistamínicos y orientación nutricional de dieta líquida hipercalórica e hiperproteica. Este síndrome está caracterizado como un proceso eruptivo buloso agudo que compromete la calidad de vida del paciente y no hay pruebas de laboratorio específicas por lo que su diagnóstico debe estar basado en la revisión minuciosa de la anamnesis y en los hallazgos clínicos.

Tendencias de la mortalidad por fiebre amarilla, Colombia, 1998-2009

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Ángela María Segura

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La fiebre amarilla es una enfermedad tropical desatendida, razón por la cual el conocer las tendencias de mortalidad por fiebre amarilla en Colombia, constituye una importante fuente de información para la toma de decisiones y las intervenciones en salud pública. Objetivo. Analizar las tendencias de mortalidad fiebre amarilla en Colombia (1998-2009 y las diferencias que presentan las fuentes de información de morbilidad y mortalidad en el país, que afectan indicadores como el de letalidad. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio descriptivo de las muertes por fiebre amarilla, según el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, y de la incidencia de la enfermedad, según el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se usaron fuentes secundarias de información en el cálculo de proporciones de las características sociodemográficas de los fallecidos y las medidas epidemiológicas de letalidad, incidencia y mortalidad por fiebre amarilla, por departamento de residencia de los fallecidos. Resultados. Las muertes por fiebre amarilla se presentan principalmente en hombres, en edad de trabajar, residentes en zonas rurales dispersas, afiliados al régimen vinculado, residentes en las zonas oriental, suroriental, norte y central del país. Se observaron inconsistencias en los informes reportados que afectan el análisis comparativo. Conclusión. Los habitantes de los departamentos ubicados en los territorios nacionales y en Norte de Santander presentan mayor riesgo de enfermar y de morir por fiebre amarilla, pero esta información pudiera estar subestimada, según la fuente de información utilizada en su cálculo.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.698

Industrial refrigeration by absorption/compression; Refrigeracion industrial por absorcion/compresion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayala Delgado, Ramon; Heard, Christopher Lionel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1996-12-31

The use of the absorption/compression refrigeration in the industrial area is analyzed. It is estimated than in Mexico 50% of the food is wasted for lack of refrigeration in the producing centers and by the inefficient distribution system, as well as for the hot climate. The functioning of the absorption refrigeration and the hybrid system absorption/compression which can operate with the two thermodynamic cycles in variable proportions, depending on the specific application, looking for operational advantages and energy efficiency is described. This type of technology could be applied in Mexico due to the lack of industrial refrigeration and to the need of substituting compressors in some companies which have up to 20 years of use [Espanol] Se analiza el uso de la refrigeracion por absorcion/compresion en el area industrial. En Mexico se estima que se desperdicia el 50% de los alimentos por falta de refrigeracion en los centros productores y por el deficiente sistema de distribucion, asi como por el clima calido. Se describe el funcionamiento de la refrigeracion por absorcion y la refrigeracion por absorcion/compresion o sistema hibrido, el cual puede funcionar con los dos tipos de ciclos termodinamicos, en proporciones variables, dependiendo de la aplicacion especifica, buscando ventajas de operacion y eficiencia energetica. Este tipo de tecnologia podria aplicarse en Mexico debido a la falta de refrigeracion industrial y a la necesidad de sustituir compresores en algunas empresas los cuales tienen hasta 20 anos de uso

Industrial refrigeration by absorption/compression; Refrigeracion industrial por absorcion/compresion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayala Delgado, Ramon; Heard, Christopher Lionel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

The use of the absorption/compression refrigeration in the industrial area is analyzed. It is estimated than in Mexico 50% of the food is wasted for lack of refrigeration in the producing centers and by the inefficient distribution system, as well as for the hot climate. The functioning of the absorption refrigeration and the hybrid system absorption/compression which can operate with the two thermodynamic cycles in variable proportions, depending on the specific application, looking for operational advantages and energy efficiency is described. This type of technology could be applied in Mexico due to the lack of industrial refrigeration and to the need of substituting compressors in some companies which have up to 20 years of use [Espanol] Se analiza el uso de la refrigeracion por absorcion/compresion en el area industrial. En Mexico se estima que se desperdicia el 50% de los alimentos por falta de refrigeracion en los centros productores y por el deficiente sistema de distribucion, asi como por el clima calido. Se describe el funcionamiento de la refrigeracion por absorcion y la refrigeracion por absorcion/compresion o sistema hibrido, el cual puede funcionar con los dos tipos de ciclos termodinamicos, en proporciones variables, dependiendo de la aplicacion especifica, buscando ventajas de operacion y eficiencia energetica. Este tipo de tecnologia podria aplicarse en Mexico debido a la falta de refrigeracion industrial y a la necesidad de sustituir compresores en algunas empresas los cuales tienen hasta 20 anos de uso

¿Por qué hay canciones que perduran?

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Josune Albisu Barandiaran

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar una canción, Txoria txori, para deducir cuales han sido las principales características que la han convertido en “Himno popular”, permitiéndola perdurar en el tiempo. Dentro de las principales características, dos han sido verdaderamente reseñables: por una parte, la plasticidad, y por otra, la sencillez y estructura clara de la canción.

Manifestaciones oftalmológicas por virus de Epstein-Barr

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Adrianne MayulySuñetÁlvarez

Full Text Available Se trata de un paciente masculino de 26 años que acude por disminución brusca de la visión del ojo derecho. Seingresó como una uveítis posterior dada por exudación extensa en área macular del ojo derecho, acompañada de edema del disco óptico, vasculitis aledaña a la lesión y hemorragias dispersas en llama en el polo posterior. La etiología era controversial y, el tratamiento más apropiado era debatible, por lo que se le realizaron estudios como retinografías seriadas, angiografías fluoresceínicas y reacción en cadena de polimerasa a una muestra del humor acuoso, que confirmó la etiología viral; lo que resultó en una agudeza visual final de 0,1. Posterior a 6 meses del cuadro inicial, el paciente presentó queratitis intraestromal en forma numular -que recurre ante episodios de stress-, para desaparecer luego de terapia tópica con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y esteroideos.La baja incidencia de casos reportados con uveítis posterior por virus de Epstein Barr resulta de un pobre conocimiento de la presentación de la enfermedad, por tanto un retraso en la instauración del tratamiento. En estos casos la prueba de oro es la reacción de cadena de polimerasa.

LUCHA POR LA TIERRA EN EL NORTE DE URUGUAY

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Gabriel Oyhantçabal Benelli

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la trayectoria de la lucha por la tierra en Bella Unión, una región característica en Uruguay por la producción de caña de azúcar, a través de los movimientos de clase de sus principales protagonistas: los cortadores de caña sindicalizados en la Unión de Trabajadores Azucareros de Artigas (UTAA. El recorrido histórico hace énfasis en dos períodos históricos diferentes: 1961-1973 y 2005-presente. El primero va desde la fundación del sindicato hasta el golpe militar. Se da en un contexto de auge de la lucha de masas en Uruguay en el cual los trabajadores rurales se organizan en la UTAA levantando, entre otras, la bandera de la Reforma Agraria. El segundo período está marcado por la llegada al gobierno nacional del Frente Amplio, una coalición social-demócrata que reactiva la producción de caña de azúcar en Bella Unión. Este cambio supone una oportunidad para las luchas sociales que la UTAA aprovecha con ocupaciones de tierra favoreciendo un proceso de colonización para los trabajadores rurales. Sin embargo el acceso a la tierra genera nuevas contradicciones, y por tanto nuevos desafíos, por los cambios en la forma de subsunción del trabajo al capital.

Riesgos antrópicos generados por la actividad minera

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Ana Violeta Argüello Mejía

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Las actividades productivas generan riesgos antrópicos [1] a mediano y largo plazo. La zona de estudio se ubica en las Parroquias de Pomasqui, San Antonio y Calacalí, donde se han producido riesgos debido a las actividades humanas, en este caso, por la explotación de las canteras para abastecer el mercado de la construcción del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. La investigación propone determinar los riesgos antrópicos generados por la actividad minera. Los pobladores de la zona identifican que la minería artesanal en sus inicios constituyó una fuente de trabajo, donde sus familias también se involucraban. Actualmente, se observa que en la mayoría de las canteras se utiliza maquinaria especializada y no participan los trabajadores de la zona. Los taludes de las canteras son de 80o y 90o grados, generando amenazas para los trabajadores y moradores de las viviendas aledañas. Uno de los mayores impactos es la contaminación del aire, sin embargo, el suelo y los cursos de agua están siendo afectados por los desperdicios que produce la actividad minera. La población, que está expuesta permanentemente al polvo ocasionado por las canteras y al transporte de material, acusa enfermedades de tipo respiratorio. Así mismo, el ruido ocasionado por el transporte constituye una molestia constante para los pobladores.

Celulitis por cuerpo extraño

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Miguel B. Carrasco Guzmán

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Las infecciones de la piel y el tejido celular subcutáneo surgen como un grupo importante de afecciones con una alta morbilidad en edades pediátricas, generalmente relacionada con traumatismo y cuerpos extraños. Se presenta el caso de una escolar femenina de 6 años de edad, con síntomas y signos clínicos que sugieren celulitis en el muslo derecho,  por su evolución tórpida se le realizó el estudio ultrasonográfico que confirmó el diagnóstico etiológico de una celulitis secundaria a un traumatismo, provocada por la introducción de un gran cuerpo extraño, que pasó inadvertido para a familia de la menor.

Oral administration of recombinant Neisseria meningitidis PorA genetically fused to H. pylori HpaA antigen increases antibody levels in mouse serum, suggesting that PorA behaves as a putative adjuvant.

Science.gov (United States)

Vasquez, Abel E; Manzo, Ricardo A; Soto, Daniel A; Barrientos, Magaly J; Maldonado, Aurora E; Mosqueira, Macarena; Avila, Anastasia; Touma, Jorge; Bruce, Elsa; Harris, Paul R; Venegas, Alejandro

2015-01-01

The Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein PorA from a Chilean strain was purified as a recombinant protein. PorA mixed with AbISCO induced bactericidal antibodies against N. meningitidis in mice. When PorA was fused to the Helicobacter pylori HpaA antigen gene, the specific response against H. pylori protein increased. Splenocytes from PorA-immunized mice were stimulated with PorA, and an increase in the secretion of IL-4 was observed compared with that of IFN-γ. Moreover, in an immunoglobulin sub-typing analysis, a substantially higher IgG1 level was found compared with IgG2a levels, suggesting a Th2-type immune response. This study revealed a peculiar behavior of the purified recombinant PorA protein per se in the absence of AbISCO as an adjuvant. Therefore, the resistance of PorA to proteolytic enzymes, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract, was analyzed, because this is an important feature for an oral protein adjuvant. Finally, we found that PorA fused to the H. pylori HpaA antigen, when expressed in Lactococcus lactis and administered orally, could enhance the antibody response against the HpaA antigen approximately 3 fold. These observations strongly suggest that PorA behaves as an effective oral adjuvant.

Choque cardiogênico por dissulfiram Shockcardiogénico por disulfiram Cardiogenic shock caused by disulfiram

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Ana Jerónimo

2009-03-01

Full Text Available A intoxicação medicamentosa por dissulfiram é uma situação rara, mas, que pode se apresentar com manifestações cardiovasculares graves e potencialmente fatais, como choque cardiogênico. É apresentado o caso de uma paciente com choque refratário, após intoxicação voluntária por dissulfiram. A avaliação clínica e bioquímica, junto à avaliação ecocardiográfica e à monitorização invasiva, confirmaram tratar-se de um choque cardiogênico associado a esse fármaco. São discutidos os mecanismos de ação conhecidos do dissulfiram e descritos os principais efeitos colaterais, especialmente os cardiovasculares, alertando para a importância da suspeição diagnóstica e da abordagem terapêutica imediata mais adequada nesse contexto.La intoxicación medicamentosa por disulfiram es una situación rara, aunque puede presentarse con manifestaciones cardiovasculares graves y potencialmente fatales, como el shock cardiogénico. Este relato presenta el caso de una paciente con shock refractario, tras intoxicación voluntaria por disulfiram. La evaluación clínica y bioquímica, junto a la evaluación ecocardiográfica y el monitoreo invasivo, confirmaron tratarse de un shock cardiogénico asociado a ese fármaco. A lo largo del presente relato se discuten los mecanismos de acción del disulfiram conocidos, así como se describen los principales efectos colaterales, específicamente los cardiovasculares. En este sentido, también se alerta para la importancia de la sospecha diagnóstica y del abordaje terapéutico inmediato más adecuado a este contexto.Drug intoxication with disulfiram is a rare condition that may lead to severe and potentially fatal cardiovascular manifestations such as cardiogenic shock. We report the case of a female patient with refractory shock after deliberate self-poisoning with disulfiram. Clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic assessment, as well as invasive monitoring confirmed cardiogenic shock

Elasticidad precio de la demanda por autopistas interurbanas en Chile

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Rodrigo Saens

2013-07-01

Full Text Available La efectividad de un esquema de tarificación vial para optimizar el uso de infraestructura de transporte depende de la información que se disponga respecto a la elasticidad precio de la demanda por el uso de puentes, túneles y carreteras. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la elasticidad precio de la demanda por el uso de autopistas interurbanas en Chile utilizando el método de regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas (SUR y un panel de 48 datos mensuales obtenidos a partir de 21 plazas de peajes (48 x 21. Nuestros resultados muestran que, aún controlando por el precio de la gasolina y el nivel de actividad económica, la demanda por el uso de carreteras resulta ser muy inelástica al precio del peaje, con valores que oscilan entre -0,17 para automóviles y -0,05 para camiones.

Fiebres hemorrágicas por Arenavirus en Latinoamérica

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Ella Soto

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales producidas por Arenavirus incluyen a los virus endémicos en África (Lassa y el virus de la coriomeningitis linfocítica (LCMV, de distribución mundial, y los Arenavirus del Nuevo Mundo o Complejo Tacaribe, que incluye a los virus endémicos en las Américas (Junín, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabiá, Pichinde, entre otros. Los huéspedes naturales son los roedores y la infección en humanos se produce por el contacto con la orina y excretas. Las manifestaciones clínicas inicialmente son indistinguibles de otras fiebres hemorrágicas producidas por bacterias, parásitos y otros virus, constituyéndose esto en un problema de salud pública, por lo que se requiere realizar el diagnóstico diferencial utilizando técnicas serológicas y moleculares.

Itinerario de la Patria: por tierras del golfo lejano

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Adel López Gómez

1965-06-01

Full Text Available Veinticinco años atrás solo primaba en estas infinitudes el imperio de la selva. Desde Dabeiba tórrido hasta Turbo sudoroso y lacustre se empleaba casi una semana a lomo de mula o a quimba de peatón, por una sombría trocha de miasmas y de lodo, abierta a machete por entre la áspera e interminable manigua. Por allí pasaron una y otra vez los pálidos hombres de nuestros enganches, cuando en 1939 iniciamos, a la orilla del Golfo de Urabá, la ingente tarea de construír una carretera hacia el interior para poner al alcance de las llantas antioqueñas la orilla salvaje del Atlántico maicero.

2015. 2. Por qué celebrar primarias

OpenAIRE

Sanz Díaz, Benito

2015-01-01

¿Por qué celebrar primarias? ¿Beneficia o perjudica a las organizaciones y partidos que las promueven?, ¿Mejora la participación?, ¿La elección de los dirigentes evita la oligarquización y la Ley de Hierro de los partidos políticos que enunció Robert Michels? Un sistema de selección de candidatos con origen en la política norteamericana, fue adaptado por el PSOE, y a continuación iría extendiéndose su práctica a los todos los partidos políticos. Ignacio Urquizu señalaba sobre l...

14 Nobel, preocupados por el CERN

CERN Multimedia

Rivera, A

2003-01-01

"E l presidente del Consejo del CERN (Laboratorio Europeo de Fisica de Particulas, junto a Ginebra), Maurice Bourquin, ha recibido una carta firmada por un grupo de cientificos muy especiales: 14 premios Nobel de Fisica" (1 page).

Mortalidad intrahospitalaria por accidente cerebrovascular

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Federico Rodríguez Lucci

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La mortalidad global por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas, probablemente debido a un mejor control de los factores de riesgo vascular. La mortalidad hospitalaria por ACV ha sido tradicionalmente estimada entre 6 y 14% en la mayoría de las series comunicadas. Sin embargo, los datos de ensayos clínicos recientes sugieren que esta cifra sería sustancialmente menor. Se revisaron datos de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de ACV del Banco de Datos de Stroke de FLENI y los registros institucionales de mortalidad entre los años 2000 y 2010. Los subtipos de ACV isquémicos se clasificaron según criterios TOAST y los ACV hemorrágicos en hematomas intrapanquimatosos, hemorragias subaracnoideas aneurismáticas, malformaciones arteriovenosas y otros hematomas intraparenquimatosos. Se analizaron 1514 pacientes, 1079 (71% con ACV isquémico (grandes vasos 39%, cardioembólicos 27%, lacunares 9%, etiología indeterminada 14%, otras etiologías 11% y 435 (29% con ACV hemorrágico (intraparenquimatosos 27%, hemorragia subaracnoidea 30%, malformaciones arteriovenosas 25% y otros hematomas espontáneos 18%. Se registraron 38 muertes intrahospitalarias (17 ACV isquémicos y 21 ACV hemorrágicos, representando una mortalidad global del 2.5% (1.7% en ACV isquémicos y 4.8% en ACV hemorrágicos. No se registraron muertes asociadas al uso de fibrinolíticos endovenosos. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con ACV isquémico y hemorrágico en nuestro centro fue baja. El manejo en un centro dedicado a las enfermedades neurológicas y el enfoque multidisciplinario por personal médico y no médico entrenado en el cuidado de la enfermedad cerebrovascular podrían explicar, al menos en parte, estos resultados.

¿Por qué el satélite Cóndor?

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Leonardo Ferrerira

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Estados Unidos y Rusia representan el 15 por ciento de la población mundial sin embargo utilizan el 50 por ciento de la órbita geoestacionaria, mientras todo el Tercer Mundo emplea menos del 10 por ciento. Los países del Pacto Andino se encuentran trabajando conjuntamente en el uso compartido de un solo sistemas satelital CONDOR. Pero los críticos norteamericanos consideran que es una manera ineficiente e irracional congestionar el espectro orbital. El artículo se centra en describir este proyecto y la lógica Andina, la soberanía

Hipoglucemia inducida por carcinoma adrenal

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Jimena Soutelo

2013-08-01

Full Text Available El carcinoma suprarrenal es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente y de mal pronóstico. La presentación clínica más común es originada por la producción hormonal excesiva, mientras que el desarrollo de hipoglucemia sintomática es excepcional. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 37 años que ingresó al hospital por síntomas de hipoglucemias graves, hipertensión arterial, hipopotasemia y amenorrea secundaria. En el laboratorio se halló hipoglucemia con insulina inhibida y niveles de andrógenos en rango tumoral. La tomografía computarizada (TC de abdomen y pelvis mostró voluminosa formación heterogénea de aspecto sólido sin plano de clivaje con respecto al parénquima hepático e intenso realce con contraste. Luego de la extirpación de la masa retroperitoneal, evolucionó con valores de glucemia y potasemia normales, estabilizó la presión arterial y recuperó los ciclos menstruales.

Cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos

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Ariane Maria Fonseca MIRANDA

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Uma variante da cefaleia crônica diária, a cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos é uma manifestação clínica de frequência ≥ 15 dias por mês, durante 3 meses. Possui um diagnóstico deficiente e um tratamento dividido em etapas, sendo a desintoxicação, a etapa de fundamental importância. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre o tema, contribuindo para o esclarecimento das principais manifestações clínicas, principais teorias envolvendo sua fisiopatologia e a terapêutica farmacológica empregada. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão de publicações europeias e americanas, no período de 2001 a 2013, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Todos os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento sintomático das cefaleias são capazes de cronificar uma cefaleia preexistente, desde que sejam utilizados excessivamente, de forma regular e continuada. A suspensão de tais agentes terapêuticos resultará em melhoria na maioria dos pacientes, porém pode ser necessária a introdução de uma terapia de suporte de transição e/ou terapia profilática. Os tratamentos nao farmacológicos, quando associados ao farmacológico, ampliam a possibilidade de resultados satisfatórios, evitando recaídas.

Primer reporte de un caso importado de Malaria por Plasmodium ovale curtisi en Paraguay, confirmado por diagnóstico molecular

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Florencia del Puerto

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En países donde el Plasmodium ovale no es común, los microscopistas tienden a identificarlo de manera errónea como Plasmodium vivax. En este trabajo reportamos la identificación de la especie P. ovale curtisi por el método de PCR múltiple semianidada (SnM-PCR y la secuenciación de la subunidad pequeña del gen del ARN 18S, en un paciente paraguayo de 44 años de edad que vino en el 2.013 de Guinea Ecuatorial, África Occidental, a quien se le diagnosticó una infección por P. vivax por microscopía convencional. El empleo de métodos moleculares para la identificación de casos importados de infección con especies del género Plasmodium es uno de los objetivos principales en el control y la prevención de la malaria en Paraguay, teniendo en cuenta que el país se encuentra en fase de pre-eliminación de la enfermedad.

Contractura axilar por quemadura tratada con Integra®

OpenAIRE

Roa G,Ricardo; Las Heras F,Rocío; Piñeros B,José L; Correa S,Gerardo; Norambuena B,Hernán; Marré N,Diego

2011-01-01

Las quemaduras axilares severas son un accidente infrecuente que evolucionan a la retracción generando deficiencias cosméticas y funcionales. Estas cicatrices son difíciles de tratar por las características anatómicas del área, donde la corrección de un vector de movimiento puede alterar otro. Objetivo: Mostrar nuestros resultados utilizando el sustituto cutáneo Integra® en el tratamiento de cicatrices retráctiles axilares por quemadura. Pacientes y Métodos: Se recolectaron antecedentes médic...

¿Por qué fracasan las campañas?

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Andrea Castelnuovo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Analiza tres experiencias en las que puede evidenciarse por qué fracasan las campañas sociales: por la misma razón, fueron concebidas con mensajes destinados a una población que vive y percibe el mundo desde el nivel económico y socio-cultural distinto, el emisor no empata con los perfiles del receptor. Es fundamental empezar por definir qué se debe decir, a quién, y cómo, para luego encontrar los medios más adecuados para su difusión. La espectacularidad y etnocentrismo, las campañas sociales seguirán sirviendo exclusivamente para mejorar las finanzas de los medios de comunicación masivos y secundariamente, para brindar materia prima a humoristas y contestarios.

Estudo dos linfócitos circulantes por anticorpos monoclonais na miastenia grave

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Paulo E. Marchiori

1988-09-01

Full Text Available Os autores avaliam os linfócitos T (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/8 por anticorpos monoclonais e rosácea em 20 pacientes e linfócitos B por Fab' por imunofluorescência em 9 pacientes com miastenia grave. Observam elevação significante na população de linfócito B e redução nos linfócitos T totais CD3+ por rosáceas. Não foram observadas modificações nas subpopulações celulares com timectomia e corticosteróides.

México en la segunda Guerra Mundial visto por la Diplomacia venezolana

OpenAIRE

Silva L, Dómel

2013-01-01

Partiendo del análisis de una serie de documentos concernientes a las comunicaciones entre la llamada “Legación de Venezuela” en México y la Cancillería de Venezuela durante los años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), se esbozará las estrategias en común para ambas naciones; como fue la política de seguridad de cada Estado, enmarcada dentro de la política de seguridad continental. México por su importancia geoestratégica; por el petróleo, por su cercanía con los Estados Unidos y por la...

Osteomalacia inducida por tumor: hemangiopericitoma rinosinusal Tumor-induced osteomalacia: rhinosinusal hemangiopericytoma

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Enriqueta M. Serafini

2013-02-01

Full Text Available La osteomalacia inducida por tumor es una rara enfermedad del metabolismo óseo caracterizada por el aumento en la excreción de fosfato a nivel renal seguido de hipofosfatemia. Es causada por agentes fosfatúricos producidos por determinados tumores. La resección total del tumor resulta en la completa reversión de las anormalidades bioquímicas, la desaparición de las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en los estudios por imágenes. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 61 años con cuadro clínico y laboratorio compatibles con osteomalacia oncogénica inducida por tumor mesenquimático de localización rinosinusal. En nuestro caso el diagnóstico histológico correspondió a una neoplasia de tipo vascular: hemangiopericitoma.Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare disease of bone metabolism. The characteristic of this disease is an increase in phosphate excretion followed by hypophosphatemia, due to phosphaturic agents produced by different types of tumors. Tumor resection results in complete resolution of clinical, biochemical and radiological abnormalities. We present the case of a 61 year old man with signs, symptoms and laboratory findings consistent with oncogenic osteomalacia due to a rhino-sinusal mesenchymal tumor. The histological diagnosis showed a vascular neoplasm: hemangiopericytoma.

Disfunção ventricular esquerda transitória por cardiomiopatia induzida por estresse Transient left ventricular dysfunction due to stress-induced cardiomyopathy

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Marcus Vinicius Simões

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se o caso de uma paciente de 71 anos que preencheu os critérios diagnósticos para cardiomiopatia induzida por estresse que foi desencadeada por intenso estresse emocional após atropelamento por bicicleta. O quadro clínico mimetizou o infarto agudo do miocárdio, manifestando-se com dor precordial, supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, seguido por ondas T profundas e prolongamento do intervalo QT, elevação discreta de enzimas cardíacas e cursando com disfunção sistólica apical do ventrículo esquerdo e hipercinesia das porções basais (conferindo o aspecto de "abaloamento apical", mas na ausência de obstrução coronariana subepicárdica. A função ventricular normalizou-se após a segunda semana de evolução.The case presented here is of a 71-yr-old female patient who met the diagnostic criteria for stress-induced cardiomyopathy, which was triggered by intense emotional stress after being hit by a bicycle. The clinical picture mimicked that of an acute myocardial infarction, manifesting as precordial pain, ST-segment depression followed by deep negative T waves and prolonging of the QT interval, slight increase in cardiac enzymes and coursing with transient apical ballooning of the left ventricle and hyperkinesis of the basal walls (conferring the aspect of "apical ballooning", although in the absence of subepicardial coronary obstruction. Ventricular function normalized after the second week of clinical evolution.

Mortalidad por suicidio en la provincia de Pinar del Río

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Ana Carmen Valdés Vento

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Se trata de una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva sobre el comportamiento de la mortalidad por suicidio en la provincia Pinar del Río durante el año 2001, de acuerdo con una serie de variables seleccionadas. Se estudiaron todos los fallecidos por esa causa en el período señalado, que fueron un total de 110 para una tasa de 14,9 por 100 000 habitantes, por lo que es la séptima causa de muerte en la provincia. Llama la atención el amplio predominio del sexo masculino, de la incidencia en la tercera edad, y el hecho de no haber tenido este año el municipio Sandino fallecido alguno por esta causa, así como que el municipio de mayor número de fallecidos por este motivo fue Viñales con una tasa de 26,0 por 100 000 habitantes.A retrospective descriptive research work on the situation of mortality from suicide in Pinar del Río province during 2001 was carried out based on a group of selected variables. All the deaths form this cause, which amounted to 110 persons for a rate of 14.9 per 100 000 pop, were studied. Suicide was the seventh cause of death in the province. It should be underlined that males prevailed, the incidence of the elderly was high and that Sandino municipality had no death from suicide in this year whereas Viñales municipality showed the highest number of deceased, with a mortality rate of 26 per 100 000 pop.

Lucro por ação

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Gabriel Moreira Campos

2001-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar os principais conceitos acerca do Lucro por Ação (Earnings per Share, o qual se apresenta como um quociente de grande utilidade nas entidades. Serão demonstrados aspectos sobre o assunto presentes no Brasil, bem como as normas aplicáveis nos Estados Unidos, emanadas do Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, e as normas internacionais, emanadas do International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC. De forma a possibilitar uma visualização mais completa dos conceitos envolvidos, serão desenvolvidos exemplos de sua aplicação. O Lucro (Resultado por Ação pode ser calculado em sua forma básica e em sua forma diluída. Na forma básica, não são considerados os efeitos dos instrumentos potencialmente dilutivos, ao passo que, no cálculo do Lucro (Resultado por Ação Diluído, são. Como instrumentos financeiros potencialmente dilutivos temos as ações preferenciais conversíveis, as debêntures conversíveis e os bônus de subscrição, que podem ser convertidos em ações ordinárias, caracterizando, assim, o próprio potencial dilutivo desses instrumentos. Dessa forma, o trabalho em questão foi dividido em três partes principais, sendo que nas duas últimas constam os referidos exemplos de cálculo do Lucro por Ação em sua forma básica e em sua forma diluída: • aspectos observados no Brasil; • normas emanadas do FASB; • normas emanadas do IASC.The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the principal concepts about Earnings per Share, which is presented as a quotient of great usefulness for the companies. The subject is presented in three parts: in the first part, we will demonstrate relevant aspects that are present in Brazil. In the second part, the applicable standards in the United States will be discussed, which are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB. In the third part, the international standards are dealt with, which are issued by the

Síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada por esporotricose

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro,Alexandre Sampaio de Abreu; Bisol,Tiago; Menezes,Marcela Sant'Ana

2010-01-01

A síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud é uma doença ocular rara causada por diferentes agentes etiológicos, entre eles bactérias, vírus e fungos. É caracterizada por uma conjuntivite granulomatosa, acompanhada de linfadenopatia pré-auricular adjacente e pode trazer sequelas caso não seja prontamente tratada. Neste artigo é relatado o caso de uma jovem técnica de enfermagem e estudante de medicina veterinária apresentando a síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud causada pelo fungo Sporothrix schen...

Por qué todas las cuentas son falsas

OpenAIRE

Aerde, Michel van

1994-01-01

Los principales criterios para evaluación y decisión, en la sociedad actual, son inspirados por cálculos económicos. Mucho nos preocupamos de cuentas pero muy poco nos preguntamos de lo que es el dinero. Muy poco reflexionamos filosóficamente, ontológicamente, sobre la naturaleza misma del dinero. ¿Qué es esto que pretende ser la base de nuestra sociedad? El dinero es mentiroso por naturaleza. Es una representación de mucha vida, que no puede ser representada. El dinero es peligroso, se convi...

Alteraciones hepáticas inducidas por la nutrición parenteral

OpenAIRE

J Salas Salvado; A Recaséns Garica

1993-01-01

Liver disorders induced by parenteral nutrition Alteraciones hepáticas inducidas por la nutrición parenteral Liver disorders induced by parenteral nutrition Alteraciones hepáticas inducidas por la nutrición parenteral

Úlceras por presión causadas por dispositivos clínicos

OpenAIRE

Iglesias Ruisánchez, Sandra

2017-01-01

Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones comunes en los pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Los enfermos críticos tienen un riesgo elevado de desarrollar UPP, debido principalmente a la limitación de la movilidad, disminuyendo su capacidad para cambiar activamente su posición en la cama o asiento. Además, el efecto de fármacos anestésicos y sedantes, puede causar una pérdida de la percepción sensorial cutánea. Los diferentes dispositivos clí...

Análise da prevenção e tratamento das úlceras por pressão propostos por enfermeiros Análisis de la prevención y del tratamiento de las úlceras por presión propuesto por enfermeros Analysis of prevention and treatment of the pressure ulcers proposed by nurses

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Adriana Bessa Fernandes Medeiros

2009-03-01

Full Text Available A úlcera por pressão ainda é considerada um problema grave, especialmente em pessoas idosas e nas situações de adoecimento crônico-degenerativo. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em identificar as produções bibliográficas sobre ações de prevenção e tratamento realizadas por enfermeiros publicadas no período de 1999 a 2004, descrevendo o conhecimento produzido na temática. Trata-se de levantamento bibliográfico descritivo de periódicos de enfermagem indexados na LILACS e MEDLINE, acerca da temática no período de 1999 a 2004. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de maio a junho de 2005. Procedeu-se o exame do material que compreendeu leitura exaustiva, o que proporcionou a identificação de três aspectos estudados: prevenção das úlceras por pressão, tratamento das úlceras por pressão e cuidados de enfermagem às úlceras por pressão. Concluiu-se ainda a necessidade de pesquisas envolvendo a atuação do enfermeiro na avaliação clínica do cliente e no desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção sistematizados.La úlcera por presión, es todavía considerado un problema grave, especialmente en personas ancianas y en las situaciones de enfermedades crónicas degenerativas. El objetivo del estudio consistió en identificar las producciones bibliográficas sobre las acciones de prevención y tratamiento realizadas por enfermeros y publicadas en el período de 1999 a 2004, describiendo el conocimiento producido sobre el tema. Se trata de levantamiento bibliográfico descriptivo de periódicos de enfermería indexados en el LILACS y MEDLINE, acerca de la temática, en el período de 1999 a 2004. La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de mayo a junio de 2005. Se procedió a examinar el material con una lectura exhaustiva, lo que proporcionó la identificación de tres aspectos estudiados: prevención de las úlceras por presión, tratamiento de las úlceras por presión y cuidados de enfermería de las

Intoxicação por monofluoroacetato em animais

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Vivian Assunção Nogueira

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O monofluoroacetato (MF ou ácido monofluoroacético é utilizado na Austrália e Nova Zelândia no controle populacional de mamíferos nativos ou exóticos. O uso desse composto é proibido no Brasil, devido ao risco de intoxicação de seres humanos e de animais, uma vez que a substância permanece estável por décadas. No Brasil casos recentes de intoxicação criminosa ou acidental têm sido registrados. MF foi identificado em diversas plantas tóxicas, cuja ingestão determina "morte súbita"; de bovinos na África do Sul, Austrália e no Brasil. O modo de ação dessa substância baseia-se na formação do fluorocitrato, seu metabólito ativo, que bloqueia competitivamente a aconitase e o ciclo de Krebs, o que reduz produção de ATP. As espécies animais têm sido classificadas nas quatro Categorias em função do efeito provocado por MF: (I no coração, (II no sistema nervoso central (III sobre o coração e sistema nervoso central ou (IV com sintomatologia atípica. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma revisão crítica atualizada sobre essa substância. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por MF é realizado pelo histórico de ingestão do tóxico, pelos achados clínicos e confirmado por exame toxicológico. Uma forma peculiar de degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar das células epiteliais dos túbulos uriníferos contorcidos distais tem sido considerada como característica dessa intoxicação em algumas espécies. O tratamento da intoxicação por MF é um desafio, pois ainda não se conhece um agente capaz de reverte-la de maneira eficaz; o desfecho geralmente é fatal

positivismo por su reduccionismo epistemológico

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Ignacio M. Ibarzábal

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A lo largo de la historia humana puede observarse la constante oscilación entre diversas teorías científicas. Esto puede demostrarse, por ejemplo, a partir de una reflexión sobre la evolución de las ideas filosóficas desde fines de la edad Media hasta la actualidad. este fenómeno no hace más que poner de relieve cierta inseguridad connatural al hombre, que genera la opción por soluciones simplistas, y “puras”, lo que culmina en muchos casos en una aproximación reduccionista a la realidad. El problema científico que plantea el reduccionismo epistemológico es que éste, al desentenderse de la realidad existencial del hombre, es incapaz de darle respuestas satisfactorias para resolver conflictos. Este inconveniente lo sufre el positivismo jurídico –así como también lo ha padecido el iusnaturalismo ingenuo–, por su imposibilidad de resolver conflictos jurídicos reales; y esto, a causa de su pretendida aproximación avalorativa que da lugar a dos especies de reduccionismos: el que desconoce tajantemente las valoraciones, y aquél que, reconociéndolas, escoge de manera arbitraria los valores objeto de su conocimiento.

Sea urchin granuloma Granulomas por ouriços-do-mar

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André Luiz Rossetto

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. The phylum Echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. Initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. The authors report a typical case of sea urchin granuloma in a fisherman and its therapeutic implications.Os acidentes por animais aquáticos traumatizantes e venenosos podem provocar morbidez importante em humanos. Equinodermos marinhos incluem mais de 6000 espécies de estrelas-do-mar, ouriços-do-mar, "bolachas-de-praia" e pepinos-do-mar. Vários equinodermos têm sido responsabilizados por acidentes em humanos. Granulomas por ouriço-do-mar são lesões de caráter granulomatoso, crônicas, causada por acidentes com espículas de ouriço-do-mar. Os autores relatam um caso típico de granulomas por ouriço-do-mar ocorrido em um pescador e enfatizam as implicações terapêuticas aplicadas.

Indultos concedidos por la Cámara de Castilla en tiempos de los Austrias

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José Luis de las HERAS SANTOS

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Maquiavelo aconsejaba a los príncipes que se reservaran para sí la disposición de las materias de gracia. Este principio nunca fue olvidado por los reyes castellanos que consideraron el derecho de perdonar como una regalía. A lo largo del Antiguo Régimen se concedieron perdones reales por motivos diversos: políticos, religiosos, acontecimientos cortesanos, triunfos militares de la monarquía, o merced especial que el soberano deseó hacer a algún subdito. Por el número de afectados pueden clasificarse en generales, si absuelven a un colectivo de reos, o particulares, cuando el agraciado es uno solo. Los generales se regulaban por cédula específica que el rey despachaba al efecto. Su cumplimiento era vigilado por comisiones formadas por miembros de la Cámara, y los aspirantes a sus beneficios no necesitaban presentar solicitud personal ante ningún consejo regio, sino que siendo el caso de los incluidos en la cédula, las justicias de la causa se encargaban de su ejecución. Por está razón este tipo de indultos no han dejado huella en los archivos centrales, salvo las cédulas de concesión. Por el contrario, los individuales eran despachados por la Cámara en nombre del rey después de estudiar los autos procesales y han dejado en los archivos de la corona miles de testimonios. Estos van a ser el objeto de nuestro estudio.

Aumento de consultas en atención primaria por infección respiratoria de vías altas y por fiebre coincidiendo con la gripe (H1N1 2009

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Pablo Aldaz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: En verano de 2009 se registró en Navarra una onda de gripe A (H1N1 2009. Evaluar su repercusión en consultas de atención primaria con diagnóstico diferente al de gripe. Métodos: Estudiamos las consultas en atención primaria del Servicio Navarro de Salud desde el 21 de junio y al 21 de septiembre de 2009 con diagnósticos de gripe (Clasificación Internacional de Atención Primaria, código R80, síndrome febril (código A03, infección respiratoria aguda de vías altas (código R74 y bronquitis aguda (código R78, y las comparamos con las registradas en el mismo periodo en los tres años previos. Resultados: En verano de 2009 se notificaron 3417 casos de síndrome gripal (5,5 por 1.000 habitantes. Entre las semanas 27 y 31 se produjo un brote de gripe, con más de la mitad (87/160 de los frotis de pacientes con síndrome gripal positivos para el virus (H1N1 2009 sin detectarse otros tipos de virus gripal. Coincidiendo con la onda de síndromes gripales observamos aumentos de consultas por síndrome febril e infección respiratoria de vías altas. En comparación con la media de los tres años anteriores, en el verano del 2009 se produjo un incremento del 44! en consultas por síndrome febril (de 3,6 a 5,3 por 1000: p<0,001, del 6! en consultas por infección de vías altas (de 13,2 a 14,1 por 1000; p<0,001 y del 8! en consultas por bronquitis aguda (de 6,3 a 6,9 por 1000; p=0,003. Estos diagnósticos supusieron 3,2 consultas adicionales por 1.000 habitantes atribuibles a la gripe, es decir, un 58! de consultas adicionales. Conclusiones: La gripe se acompaña de aumento en el número de consultas por síndrome febril y por infección respiratoria de vías altas.

Examenes pulmonares por el método de Abreu: sus resultados

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Alfonso Reyes

1950-02-01

definitiva en 1936. Posteriormente el doctor Hanker aplica la Abrengrafía al examen en serio de colectividades. Entre nosotros, fue el doctor Omar Benavides en 1940 quien presentó su trabajo de tesis sobre las primeras abreugrafías tomadas en un aparato ideado por él. En Bogotá, se inició la campaña por este sistema en enero de 1947 con la fundación del Centro Epidemiológico No 1, dirigido por el doctor Antonio Acosta Pinzón.

Micetoma pulmonar por Scedosporium sp, reporte de dos casos

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José G. Somocurcio

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Se reporta los dos primeros casos de micetoma pulmonar por Scedosporium sp, en el Perú, tratados quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue. Se practicó resección pulmonar debido a micetoma pulmonar de donde se tomó muestras que fueron enviadas a microbiología y anatomía patológica para cultivo y estudio histopatológico. Se identificó el moho Scedosporium sp en dos pacientes con secuelas cavitarias por tuberculosis, quienes presentaron tos y hemoptisis de dos meses y tres años de evolución, respectivamente. Radiológicamente las cavidades estaban ocupadas por una "bola fúngica". La histopatología indicó presencia de abundantes hifas, indistinguibles de las de Aspergillus sp, mientras que la inmunodifusión para Aspergillus fue negativa.

GRAVIDADE DE INTOXICAÇÕES POR SANEANTES CLANDESTINOS

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Jessica Adrielle Teixeira Santos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las intoxicaciones por saneantes comercializados clandestinamente, reportadas en el Centro de Control de Intoxicaciones del Hospital Universitario Regional de Maringá. Es un estudio cuantitativo, con análisis retrospectivo de registros epidemiológicos de personas intoxicadas por estos agentes, en el período de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2009. De los 118 casos reportados, la mayoría (74-62,7% se produjeron en varones, 105 (88,9% necesitaron de asistencia en unidades de atención de emergencia y hospitalización de alta complejidad, en 14 casos (11,8% requirieron de Cuidados Intensivos, y se reportaron cinco óbitos, todos por intoxicación intencional. Los resultados demuestran la gravedad y la letalidad de este tipo de intoxicación, sugieren la necesidad de medidas urgentes de fiscalización y control de la Vigilancia Sanitaria, así como de medidas para la educación de los consumidores, haciendo hincapié en el papel educativo de la Enfermería

Por uma estrada do M' Boi Mirim sustentável

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Carlos Henrique Santos de Oliveira

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata de avaliar importante via de transporte situada na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, analisando quais fatores dificultam a circulação de bens e pessoas no espaço urbano, bem como a dificuldade de promover a mobilidade urbana de acordo com os princípios de sustentabilidade, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, com base em um estudo de caso realizado na Estrada do M’ Boi Mirim. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a observação pessoal, bem como pesquisas em artigos científicos, dissertações e teses relacionadas ao tema. Apesar de essa questão estar sendo amplamente discutida por diversos setores da sociedade, notam-se poucas soluções práticas, haja vista, o crescente uso de transportes individuais motorizados, muitos acidentes nas vias e por muitas vezes, pouca infraestrutura, bem como a falta integração das regiões por meio das vias existentes, principalmente em áreas distantes do centro das cidades.

Algunos aspectos relacionados con las enfermedades tropicales transmitidas por moluscos

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A. Mijail Pérez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Muchas especies de moluscos son hospedantes de diversos parásitos que provocan infecciones muy serias e incluso mortales en seres humanos y ganado. La esquistosomiasis extendida por 74 países, infecta a unos 200 millones de personas y está en segundo lugar, después de la malaria, como causa de la mortalidad humana originada por parásitos. La infección es causada por un platelminto que se desarrolla en caracoles de agua dulce y que desde el agua puede penetrar en la piel de un ser humano y desarrollarse dentro de sus órganos, produciendo distintos grados de infección, hasta provocar la muerte. Distintas especies de esos caracoles están extendidas por Centro América. El cólera, otra enfermedad que también es mortal, se ha encontrado en moluscos bivalvos comestibles colectados en el Golfo de Nicoya, que bordea Nicaragua y Costa Rica Estas epidemias se pueden combatir con diversos métodos de control de los caracoles hospedantes de parásitos.

Fístula vesicovaginal por litíase: relato de caso

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Chambô Filho Antônio

2003-01-01

Full Text Available As fístulas de etiologia traumática são raras, sobretudo as intrínsecas por litíase vesical. O manejo dessas fístulas tem controvérsias no que diz respeito à técnica cirúrgica ideal. Uma variedade de tratamentos tem sido descrita, incluindo reparação cirúrgica por vias transvaginal e transabdominal. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com queixa de perda urinária contínua com evolução de seis meses, sendo identificado ao exame especular orifício fistuloso no terço médio da parede anterior da vagina, por onde se exteriorizava urina. Nesta topografia, identificava-se, durante o toque bimanual, estrutura de consistência pétrea. A suspeita de litíase vesical foi confirmada pela radiografia de pelve. O tratamento cirúrgico se deu em dois tempos, com exérese do cálculo vesical e posterior correção da fístula por via vaginal.

Agente topológico de aprendizado por reforço

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Arthur Plínio de Souza Braga

2004-01-01

Os métodos de Aprendizagem por Reforço (AR) se mostram adequados para problemas de tomadas de decisões em diversos domínios por sua estrutura flexível e adaptável. Apesar de promissores, os métodos AR frequentemente tem seu campo de atuação prático restrito a problemas com espaço de estados de pequeno ou médio porte devido em muito à forma com que realizam a estimativa da função de avaliação. Nesta tese, uma nova abordagem de AR, denominada de Agente Topológico de Aprendizagem por Reforço (AT...

Detección de anticuerpos antiplasmodium por ELISA en donantes de sangre

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Patricia Olaya de Morales

1982-06-01

Full Text Available La malaria, una enfermedad transmitida por mosquitos del genero anopheles, puede ser inducida a través de transfusiones de sangre infectada con alguna de las especies de Plasmodium que afectan al hombre. Con el objeto de determinar el riesgo potencial de infección inducida por transfusiones, se analizaron durante 9 meses y mediante la técnica de E.L.I.S.A., las muestras de suero tomadas a los donantes de sangre del Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá. El 8.6 por mil de las 3114 muestras analizadas, resultaron positivas para anticuerpos antimaláricos y durante el tiempo del estudio fueron detectados 3 casos de malaria inducida por transfusiones.

Dano cavitacional em revestimentos depositados por aspersão termica a chama

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Paulo Villani Marques

1996-01-01

Resumo: Quantias elevadas são gastas anualmente na manutenção de turbinas hidráulicas usadas na geração de energia elétrica por causa do ataque cavitacional. Avaliou-se a aplicabilidade de revestimentos metálicos e cerâmicos depositados sobre aço carbono por aspersão térmica a chama na manutenção destes equipamentos em função de sua resistência à erosão por cavitação. Foram realizados ensaios de dureza, rugosidade, ensaio acelerado de cavitação induzida por vibração ultra-sônica, adesão (traç...

Nodulose por Metotrexato Methotrexate Induced Nodulosis

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Fernanda Guidolin

2005-08-01

Full Text Available A nodulose por metotrexato (MTX é um dos efeitos colaterais pouco conhecidos do uso desse medicamento em doses baixas. Embora classicamente descrita em casos de artrite reumatóide, tem aparecido, também, em outras doenças reumáticas. Descreve-se aqui um caso de nodulose por MTX em uma paciente com artrite reumatóide soropositiva, que utilizava esse medicamento há um ano, com bom controle do processo articular. Segue-se uma breve revisão sobre o assunto.Methotrexate-induced nodulosis is a rare side effect of this drug when it is used in low doses. Although classically described in rheumatoid arthritis patients, it may also appear in other rheumatic disorders. We describe a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patient who developed methotrexate-induced nodulosis after using this drug for a year, with good control of articular symptoms. This case presentation is followed by a brief revision on the subject.

Reacciones adversas por antiinflamatorios no esteroideos

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Luisa Ivet Sánchez Ricardo

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 28 perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario y Docente "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy" desde el 1ro. de junio al 31 de diciembre de 2008, con el objetivo de detectar las reacciones adversas más frecuentes provocadas por el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El universo estuvo constituido por 105 pacientes que asistieron a consulta en el tiempo de estudio y de estos se seleccionó una muestra de 60 pacientes, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas donde se recogieron las variables de análisis. .Las mujeres resultaron las que más antiinflamatorios consumieron y en el rango de edades de 31-59 años. Las reacciones adversas que más se reportaron fueron la epigastralgia y la hipertensión arterial, así mismo se comprobó la automedicación en algunos pacientes.

Engorde de bagres (Rhamdia quelen) en sistema de cultivo intensivo por sexos separados

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Comolli, J; Roux, J.P; Sánchez, S; Hernández, D

2013-01-01

El bagre sudamericano (ramdiá o jundiá) se caracteriza por rápido crecimiento en los primeros meses de vida e importante diferencia de desarrollo entre ambos sexos. La madurez sexual del macho es precoz, por lo cual la hembra alcanza un peso vivo 30% mayor que el del macho. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar el engorde de especimenes de Rhamdia quelen separados por sexos en un sistema intensivo. Se llevaron a cabo tres tratamientos: TA- hembra, TB- mixto y TC- macho. El engorde se...

Coeficiente de fricción por curvatura no intencional en concreto postensado

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Diego Ernesto Dueñas Puentes

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se establece un coeficiente de fricción por curvatura no intencional (K para puentes de placa y vigas y puentes por voladizos sucesivos a partir de los registros de tensionamiento de algunos puentes postensados construidos en Colombia, el cual es inferior al empleado habitualmente en el diseño de puentes pos-tensados en el país y establecido por el Código Colombiano de Diseño Sísmico de Puentes (CCDSP publicado por el Instituto Nacional de Vías en 1995. Este estudio parte del hecho de que en algunas importantes obras se obtienen alargamientos de torones mayores a los estimados teóricamente, puentes de los cuales se dispone de registros de tensionamiento y de los que se deducen valores de coeficientes más cercanos a los indicados por las últimas ediciones de la Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, publicada por American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials “AASHTO”. En Colombia, el CCDSP, considera un coeficiente de fricción por curvatura no intencional (K para cables, con valores entre 0.0050 y 0.00066 m-1, dependiendo del material del que esté fabricado el ducto (acero galvanizado, sin galvanizar, metal brillante, valor superior al encontrado en este trabajo. En este artículo, en primer lugar, se realiza una breve descripción del efecto de fricción a lo largo de los cables, presentando los diferentes valores de coeficientes de fricción indicados en el CCDSP y en “AASHTO.”, en el diseño de puentes preesforzados. Se hace una corta descripción de cada uno de los puentes de los cuales se tienen registros de tensionamiento con el fin de identificar otras variables que intervienen en el proceso de ten-sionamiento como materiales, equipos y mano de obra, y posteriormente, a partir de la validación y tabulación de datos registrados en obra (registros en los cuales se controla la fuerza aplicada y el alargamiento de los torones, se efectuó la evaluación del coeficiente

[Emerging pathogen: Candida kefyr (Kluvyeromyces marxianus)].

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Çuhadar, Tuğba; Kalkancı, Ayşe

2017-10-01

In the central microbiology laboratory of Gazi University Hospital Candida kefyr was isolated from different clinical samples as 5.3% in 2016 and in 2017 this rate increased to 9.3% which was nearly two-fold and this has drawn our attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the special characteristics, antifungal susceptibility and virulence properties of C.keyfr species. Germ tube, corn meal-tween 80 agar morphology and carbohydrate assimilation profiles on ID32C yeast identification system were used for the diagnosis of Candida species. In this study, DNA sequencing was performed using ITS1 and ITS4 primers amplifying fungal gene between 5.8S and 18S regions of rRNA. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using M27A microdilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole were determined. MIC distribution, MIC50 and MIC90 values and geometric mean (GM) were detected. The existence of virulence factors caseinase, secreted aspartyl proteinase, esterase and phospholipase were investigated in vitro. A total of 865 Candida species were isolated from different clinical samples in the central microbiology laboratory of Gazi University Hospital in 2016. Among them, 46 (5.3%) were C.kefyr. In the first four months of 2017, 30 (9.3%) C.kefyr were identified among 320 Candida isolates. Ten isolates which have shown atypical morphology on corn meal agar were selected. Among these 10 isolates, nine of them were identified as C.kefyr by using ID32C system and DNA sequencing method. Amphotericin B MIC value was 2 µg/ml for one isolate, and fluconazole MIC value was 8 µg/ml for another isolate among 46 isolates. Among the 30 isolates of the year 2017, one of them presented MIC value for fluconazole as 8 µg/ml. No marked antifungal resistance was detected in our isolate group. Caseinase was positive in one C.kefyr isolate, and phospholipase were positive in eight of nine isolates. As a result, the reason of increase in the incidence of this Candida species, which does not show significant resistance and presents mostly phospholipase activity as a virulence factor, should be investigated in more detail.

Bloqueios nervosos guiados por ultra-som Bloqueos nerviosos guiados por ultrasonido Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks

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Pablo Escovedo Helayel

2007-02-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As técnicas de bloqueios nervosos guiados por ultra-som são baseadas na visualização direta das estruturas nervosas, da agulha de bloqueio e das estruturas anatômicas adjacentes. Desta maneira, é possível depositar a solução de anestésico local precisamente em torno dos nervos e acompanhar a sua dispersão em tempo real, obtendo-se, assim, um bloqueio mais eficaz, de menor latência, menor dependência de referências anatômicas, menor volume de solução anestésica e maior segurança. CONTEÚDO: O artigo revisa os aspectos relativos aos mecanismos físicos para formação de imagens, a anatomia ultra-sonográfica do neuroeixo e dos plexos braquial e lombossacral, os equipamentos e materiais empregados nos bloqueios, os ajustes do aparelho de ultra-som para melhorar as imagens, os planos de visualização das agulhas de bloqueio e as técnicas e o treinamento em bloqueios guiados por ultra-som. CONCLUSÕES: Os passos para se obter sucesso em anestesia regional incluem a identificação exata da posição dos nervos, a localização precisa da agulha, sem lesões nas estruturas adjacentes e, finalmente, a injeção cuidadosa de anestésico local junto aos nervos. Embora a neuroestimulação forneça grande auxílio na identificação dos nervos, esta não consegue, isoladamente, preencher todas essas exigências. Por isso, acredita-se que os bloqueios guiados por ultra-som serão a técnica de eleição para anestesia regional num futuro não muito distante.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las técnicas de bloqueos nerviosos guiados por ultrasonido se basan en la visualización directa de las estructuras nerviosas, de la aguja de bloqueo y de las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. De esa manera, se puede depositar la solución de anestésico local precisamente en torno de los nervios y acompañar su dispersión en tiempo real, obteniéndose así, un bloqueo más eficaz, de menor latencia, menor dependencia de

Sinterização ultrarrápida por micro-ondas de compósitos particulados PZT/FCO preparados por mistura em ultrassom

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C. P. Fernandez

Full Text Available Resumo Pós de Pb(Zr0,53Ti0,47O3 (PZT e Fe2CoO4 (FCO, foram sintetizados separadamente pelo método Pechini e misturados em ultrassom, nas proporções molares 80/20 e 50/50 (PZT/FCO. Os compósitos preparados foram prensados e submetidos à sinterização em forno convencional e sinterização ultrarrápida assistida por micro-ondas. A caracterização estrutural e microestrutural das amostras foram realizadas por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente. Medidas de constante dielétrica em função da temperatura, resistividade elétrica e coeficiente de acoplamento magnetoelétrico foram também realizadas. Os resultados evidenciaram que o método de mistura do PZT com a FCO por ultrassom foi rápido e eficiente, gerando, após sinterização, compósitos particulados com conectividade global (0-3 e distribuição uniforme de grãos da fase ferromagnética (FCO na matriz ferroelétrica (PZT. Da análise estrutural, verificou-se que a sinterização por micro-ondas propiciou um arranjo diferenciado no esquema de conectividade local na amostra (1-3 e (2-3, relacionada com a intensificação dos processos de difusão que ocorrem nesse tipo de sinterização principalmente em sistemas nanométricos. Pelos altos valores de resistividade obtidos, comprovou-se que a integridade das fases foi conservada nos dois métodos de sinterização, sendo mais eficiente na sinterização por micro-ondas, característica que garantiu o comportamento magnetoelétrico em todos os compósitos estudados neste trabalho. Os valores do campo Hmax foram dependentes da concentração da fase ferrita e da sinterização; para a composição 80/20 de 1,4 e 1,9 kOe, e para 50/50 de 3,5 e 3,0 kOe nas amostras sinterizadas por micro-ondas e convencionalmente, compatíveis com a literatura e que confirmaram a integridade das fases constituintes PZT e FCO.

Variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en Jalisco, México

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Vega-López María Guadalupe

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio busca describir las variaciones regionales de la mortalidad por homicidios en el estado de Jalisco, México, en 1989-1991, 1994-1996 y 1999-2000, analizando a su vez el comportamiento de la tasa de homicidios según género y estratos de bienestar socioeconómico. A partir de la información sobre mortalidad generada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía y Informática, se calcularon tasas ajustadas por edad y género e índices de sobremortalidad masculina. Además, se calcularon razones de tasa y su intervalo de confianza (95%. Los resultados reflejan que la tasa de homicidios presenta una tendencia decreciente en los años 90; que existe un patrón regional de la mortalidad por homicidios, observándose las tasas más altas en regiones periféricas del estado consideradas entre las más pobres; que los municipios ubicados en el estrato de bienestar más bajo presentan un exceso de mortalidad por homicidios estadísticamente significativo, y que hay una evidente sobremortalidad masculina por esta causa. Aspectos como los antes descritos implican tareas y desafíos para la salud pública y para los organismos encargados de preservar la ley y el orden, entre ellos la necesidad de implementar políticas intersectoriales diferenciadas, que tomen en consideración las particularidades que rodean al homicidio y al crimen violento en Jalisco.

Analisis cualitativo asistido por computadora Computer-assisted qualitative analysis

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César A. Cisneros Puebla

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Los objetivos de este ensayo son: por un lado, presentar una aproximación a la experiencia hispanoamericana en el Análisis Cualitativo Asistido por Computadora (ACAC al agrupar mediante un ejercicio de sistematización los trabajos realizados por diversos colegas provenientes de disciplinas afines. Aunque hubiese querido ser exhaustivo y minucioso, como cualquier intento de sistematización de experiencias, en este ejercicio son notables las ausencias y las omisiones. Introducir algunas reflexiones teóricas en torno al papel del ACAC en el desarrollo de la investigación cualitativa a partir de esa sistematización y con particular énfasis en la producción del dato es, por otro lado, objetivo central de esta primera aproximación.The aims of this article are: on the one hand, to present an approximation to the Hispano-American experience on Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS, grouping as a systematization exercise the works carried out by several colleagues from related disciplines. Although attempting to be exhaustive and thorough - as in any attempt at systematizing experiences - this exercise presents clear lacks and omissions. On the other hand, to introduce some theoretical reflections about the role played by CAQDAS in the development of qualitative investigation after that systematization, with a specific focus on data generation.

Meningitis por Streptococcus suis

OpenAIRE

Geffner Sclarsky, D. E.; Moreno Muñoz, R.; Campillo Alpera, Mª.S.; Pardo Serrano, F.J.; Gómez Gómez, A.; Martínez-Lozano, Mª.D.

2001-01-01

La infección humana por Streptococcus suis (S. suis) es una zoonosis, con un riesgo ocupacional conocido y que suele presentarse como meningitis purulenta, que tiene baja mortalidad y frecuentes secuelas de hipoacusia y ataxia. Se han publicado menos de 150 casos humanos desde el informe original de hace 30 años. Hay una reconocida distribución geográfica viviendo la mayoría de los afectados en el norte de Europa y el sudeste Asiático. En España se han comunicado dos pacientes con enfermedad ...

Apendicitis por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

OpenAIRE

MUÑOZ URRIBARRI, Ana Beatriz; CHAPARRO DAMMERT, Eduardo; FERRUFINO LLACH, Juan Carlos; VASQUEZ FLORES, Luciola

2012-01-01

La paracoccidioidomicosis es la micosis más prevalente en Sudamérica. La forma aguda afecta el sistema fagocítico mononuclear de niños y personas inmunocomprometidas. El compromiso gastrointestinal es frecuente y su patogenia implica diseminación hematógena y linfática. La linfadenomegalia abdominal causa obstrucción intestinal y abdomen agudo. En este artículo damos a conocer el caso de un niño con compromiso gastrointestinal por apendicitis. Este es el primer caso reportado de apendicitis p...

Evaluación docente y aprendizaje por competencia de los estudiantes

OpenAIRE

Segovia Suller, Cirilo

2016-01-01

Métodos Estadísticos para la Investigación es una asignatura que genera un grado de dificultad en la enseñanza del docente y el aprendizaje del alumno. En el aula se investigó si existe una relación entre la evaluación docente y el aprendizaje por competencias de los estudiantes. El objetivo era determinar la relación entre la evaluación docente y el aprendizaje por competencias de los estudiantes, para luego formular la hipótesis: la evaluación docente se relaciona con el aprendizaje por com...

Fiebre Tifoidea Diagnóstico por pruebas inmunoenzimáticas: Elisa

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Miguel Guzmán

1981-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo describe el desarrollo y normalización de una técnica inmunoenzimática para el diagnóstico indirecto de la Fiebre Tifoidea. El método permite un análisis simple y objetivo de los resultados. La reacción enzimática es proporcional a la concentración de anticuerpos en el suero contra el antígeno somático-0, por tanto, el método es cuantitativo. Por lo demás, la técnica tiene un alto grado de especificidad para Salmonella typhi, ya que los sueros de pacientes con Salmonelosis causada por Salmonella enteritidis serotipos paratyphi A, B y typhimurium dieron resultados negativos, en forma similar a los presentados por el grupo control antes de la vacunación específica. Los resultados obtenidos con esta técnica permitieron definir el nivel de anticuerpos que puede presentar una población control supuestamente sana frente a los niveles inducidos por la enfermedad. Los resultados postvacunales en el grupo control mostraron títulos sorprendentemente bajos; un análisis de este fenómeno se presentó en forma amplia. Igualmente se proponen futuras investigaciones sobre este campo.

HOSPITALIZACIONES EVITABLES POR INSUFICIENCIA CARDÍACA. VARIABLES RELACIONADAS

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Victoria Ruiz-Romero

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los ingresos hospitalarios evitables por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC son un problema para los sistemas de salud, consumen recursos, generan morbilidades adicionales y alta mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo de las personas hospitalizadas por insuficiencia cardiaca. Métodos: Se constituyó un grupo con médicos de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se realizaron auditorías de las historias clínicas de 110 pacien - tes de la poblacion de la comarca del Aljarafe con mayores tasas de ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y estudio descriptivo y comparativo con T-Student y U-Mann Whitney para cuantitativas y λ 2 y Fisher para cualitativas. Resultados: Los pacientes que ingresaron por IC tenían 78,1 años (SD: 9,56 de media; 73 (66,4% fueron mujeres; un Índice Barthel de 45,0 de media; un 53,5% con grado III de la NYHA y 17 (15,5% institucionaliza - dos. El 70% presentaban 3-5 comorbilidades, hipertensión (87,3%, dislipe - mia (60,0% diabetes (57,3%, enfermedad renal crónica (56,4%, anemia (53,2% o fibrilación auricular (52,7%. Fallecieron al ingreso 23 (20,9% pacientes. Conclusiones: Los ingresos se dieron en personas mayores con múl - tiples enfermedades (hipertensión, diabetes, EPOC, enfermedad renal y escasa capacidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El fallecimiento hospitalario se asoció a edad avanzada, ser mujer, menor uso de betabloqueantes y la no inclusión del paciente en el proceso asistencial.

Kefir-isolated bacteria and yeasts inhibit Shigella flexneri invasion and modulate pro-inflammatory response on intestinal epithelial cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Bolla, P A; Abraham, A G; Pérez, P F; de Los Angeles Serradell, M

2016-02-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a kefir-isolated microbial mixture containing three bacterial and two yeast strains (MM) to protect intestinal epithelial cells against Shigella flexneri invasion, as well as to analyse the effect on pro-inflammatory response elicited by this pathogen. A significant decrease in S. flexneri strain 72 invasion was observed on both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells pre-incubated with MM. Pre-incubation with the individual strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae CIDCA 8112 or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CIDCA 8221 also reduced the internalisation of S. flexneri into HT-29 cells although in a lesser extent than MM. Interestingly, Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114 exerted a protective effect on the invasion of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells by S. flexneri. Regarding the pro-inflammatory response on HT-29 cells, S. flexneri infection induced a significant activation of the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) encoding genes (P<0.05), whereas incubation of cells with MM did not induce the expression of any of the mediators assessed. Interestingly, pre-incubation of HT-29 monolayer with MM produced an inhibition of S. flexneri-induced IL-8, CCL20 and TNF-α mRNA expression. In order to gain insight on the effect of MM (or the individual strains) on this pro-inflammatory response, a series of experiments using a HT-29-NF-κB-hrGFP reporter system were performed. Pre-incubation of HT-29-NF-κB-hrGFP cells with MM significantly dampened Shigella-induced activation. Our results showed that the contribution of yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 seems to be crucial in the observed effect. In conclusion, results presented in this study demonstrate that pre-treatment with a microbial mixture containing bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir, resulted in inhibition of S. flexneri internalisation into human intestinal epithelial cells, along with the

Yeasts associated with fresh and frozen pulps of Brazilian tropical fruits.

Science.gov (United States)

Trindade, Rita C; Resende, Maria Aparecida; Silva, Claudia M; Rosa, Carlos A

2002-08-01

The occurrence of yeasts on ripe fruits and frozen pulps of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L), mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gom.), umbu (Spondias tuberosa Avr. Cam.), and acerola (Malpighia glaba L) was verified. The incidence of proteolytic, pectinolytic, and mycocinogenic yeasts on these communities was also determined. A total of 480 colonies was isolated and grouped in 405 different strains. These corresponded to 42 ascomycetous and 28 basidiomycetous species. Candida sorbosivorans, Pseudozyma antarctica, C. spandovensis-like, C. spandovensis, Kloeckera apis, C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula graminis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Metchnikowia sp (isolated only from pitanga ripe fruits), Issatchenkia occidentalis and C. krusei (isolated only from mangaba frozen pulps), were the most frequent species. The yeast communities from pitanga ripe fruits exhibited the highest frequency of species, followed by communities from acerola ripe fruits and mangaba frozen pulps. Yeast communities from frozen pulp and ripe fruits of umbu had the lowest number of species. Except the yeasts from pitanga, yeast communities from frozen pulp exhibited higher number of yeasts than ripe fruit communities. Mycocinogenic yeasts were found in all of the substrates studied except in communities from umbu ripe fruits and pitanga frozen pulps. Most of the yeasts found to produce mycocins were basidiomycetes and included P. antarctica, Cryptococcus albidus, C. bhutanensis-like, R. graminis and R. mucilaginosa-like from pitanga ripe fruits as well as black yeasts from pitanga and acerola ripe fruits. The umbu frozen pulps community had the highest frequency of proteolytic species. Yeasts able to hydrolyse casein at pH 5.0 represented 38.5% of the species isolated. Thirty-seven percent of yeast isolates were able to hydrolyse casein at pH 7.0. Pectinolytic yeasts were found in all of the communities studied, excepted for those of umbu frozen pulps. The highest frequency of

161. Necrosis por presión del septo de salida ventricular causado por dos implantes adyacentes

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A. González Calle

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: Esta complicación ilustra que los tejidos entre dos dispositivos duros y con movimiento uno conrespecto al otro pueden desarrollar necrosis por presión y fricción y, consecuentemente, perforación. Probablemente, hubiera sido preferible sustituir el homoinjerto pulmonar con stent en el momento de la sustitución valvular aórtica.

Uso de contraceptivos por puérperas adolescentes

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Fernanda Schulz da Rosa

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Indagar el uso de métodos contraceptivos por las puérperas adolescentes a fin de relacionar su (desuso con el embarazo en la adolescencia. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado por medio de un instrumento estructurado con 181 puérperas adolescentes que tuvieron sus partos en el hospital participante de la investigación. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período de diciembre de 2008 a diciembre de 2009. Resultados: El 64,1% de las puérperas usaba algún método contraceptivo antes del embarazo; los métodos más utilizados fueron el anticoncepcional oral (51% y el preservativo masculino (29%. Para el 75% de las adolescentes el embarazo fue planeado y justificado por el deseo y la voluntad propia de experimentar la maternidad. Conclusión: Considerando que casi la mitad de las adolescentes entrevistadas deseaba el embarazo, se deduce que investigar y discutir apenas el uso o no de los métodos contraceptivos no es adecuado. Es necesario profundizar las investigaciones acerca de los significados de ser madre en la adolescencia.

Extracción de sustancias asistida por ultrasonido (EUA

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Rocío Azuola

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Compuestos presentes en los vegetales con propiedades funcionales o tecnológicas, han cobrado gran importancia en los mercados de alimentos, farmacéuticos y cosméticos. Se buscan métodos eficientes, económicos y favorables al ambiente para la extracción de estas sustancias. Se ha realizado un estudio bibliográfico de las publicaciones recientes sobre diferentes métodos de extracción y su comparación a las extracciones asistidas por ultrasonido (EAU con el fin de evaluar su eficacia y viabilidad industrial. Se ha encontrado que la EAU es más eficiente que los métodos de extracción tradicionales, y más económica y sencilla que los métodos de extracción no tradicionales como la extracción asistida por microondas, por lo cual se comprueba su viabilidad industrial.

Mortalidad por accidentes de tránsito en Bayamo, Cuba 2011

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Arlines Piña-Tornés

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de describir la mortalidad por accidentes de tránsito en Bayamo, Cuba, en el año 2011 se realizó una revisión de los pacientes lesionados y fallecidos a causa de accidentes de tránsito, registrados en Hospital Carlos M. de Céspedes. Se atendieron en emergencias 1365 lesionados, predominando el grupo etario de 25 a 44 años con 372 pacientes (27,3%, y el sexo masculino con 1071 (78,5%. Fallecieron 46 personas, en su mayoría del mismo grupo de edad y de sexo masculino. Los traumatismos múltiples (52,6% y cráneofaciales (34,2% fueron las localizaciones predominantes. Se destacaron los atropellos por vehículo de motor con mortalidad del 26,3%. En conclusión, la mortalidad por accidentes de tránsito predomina en adultos jóvenes masculinos; cuyas consecuencias fatales son debido a traumatismos múltiples por atropellos.

Redes neuronales artificiales para la predicción de la calidad en soldadura por resistencia por puntos

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Martín, O.

2006-10-01

Full Text Available An artificial neural network is proposed as a tool for predicting from three parameters (weld time, current intensity and electrode sort if the quality of a resistance spot weld reaches a certain level or not. The quality is determined by cross tension testing. The fact of reaching this quality level or not is the desired output that goes with each input of the artificial neural network during its supervised learning. The available data set is made up of input/desired output pairs and is split randomly into a training subset (to update synaptic weight values and a validation subset (to avoid overfitting phenomenon by means of cross validation.

Se propone una red neuronal artificial como herramienta para predecir, a partir de tres parámetros operativos (tiempo de soldadura, intensidad de corriente y tipo de electrodo, si la calidad de una unión soldada por resistencia por puntos alcanza o no un cierto nivel. El entrenamiento de la red neuronal conlleva que la calidad se determine previamente mediante ensayos de tracción en probetas en cruz. El hecho de alcanzar o no el citado nivel de calidad constituye la respuesta objetivo que acompaña a cada entrada de la red neuronal artificial durante su aprendizaje supervisado. El conjunto de datos disponible está formado por pares entrada/salida objetivo y se divide de forma aleatoria en un subconjunto de entrenamiento (para actualizar los valores de los pesos sinápticos y en un subconjunto de validación (para combatir el fenómeno de overfitting mediante validación cruzada.

Valor educativo y generalización del grupo "Alas por la vida" Educational value and generalization of "Alas por la Vida"

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Alexis Hugo Cantero Ronquillo

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, además de la agresión quirúrgica, en ocasiones mutilante, seguida o precedida por las molestias inherentes a los tratamientos oncoespecíficos, a veces persisten "heridas", que aunque invisibles, no siempre cierran totalmente, y afectan durante mucho tiempo, o toda la vida, a un grupo importante de pacientes y familiares cercanos. El proyecto "Alas por la vida" propone nuevas alternativas en el tratamiento de la mujer con cáncer de mama, que puedan prepararla para una nueva etapa, y vivir con el estatus de enferma crónica, que no refleje invalidez en el desempeño de sus funciones, que alcance la recuperación de su equilibrio biopsicosocial, y, consecuentemente, el disfrute de una adecuada calidad de vida. Mediante intercambios entre sobrevivientes de la enfermedad, familiares y profesionales, charlas científicas, sesiones de preguntas y respuestas, reflexiones de operadas en su lucha contra el cáncer de mama y también de sus esposos, así como con actividades socioculturales, etc., se han logrado resultados muy positivos por este grupo, lo que se refleja en encuestas realizadas a tal efecto. El Grupo de Apoyo a Pacientes Mastectomizadas "Alas por la vida", ha resultado ser un instrumento muy útil para elevar la autoestima y mejorar la calidad de vida de las sobrevivientes, que a la vez ha fortalecido y humanizado nuestra lucha contra el cáncer de mama, y se han aglutinando crecientemente más seguidores en esta noble causa, por lo que recomendamos se organicen proyectos similares en todas las provincias del país.In the treatment of beast cancer besides the surgical aggression occasionally mutilating followed or precedes by the molecules inherent to specific oncologic treatments, sometimes the "wounds" persist that although invisibles, not always are totally closed involving for much time or for life to a significant group of patients and close relatives.The project "Alas por la Vida" proposes

Distribuição espacial da violência: mortalidade por causas externas em Salvador (Bahia, Brasil

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Paim Jairnilson Silva

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a distribuição da mortalidade por causas externas no espaço urbano de Salvador, Estado da Bahia, Brasil, em 1991. Foram calculados indicadores de mortalidade por causas externas e por tipos específicos de violência. A mortalidade proporcional por causas externas foi de 15% e a taxa de mortalidade correspondeu a 78,0 óbitos por 100 000 habitantes. As taxas de mortalidade por homicídios e por acidentes de transporte foram de 32,2 e 21,8 por 100 000 habitantes, respectivamente. Os idosos apresentaram um maior risco de morte por causas externas, seguidos dos adultos jovens e adolescentes. No caso dos idosos, 38% das mortes foram por acidentes de transporte e 28%, por quedas. Em relação aos jovens, predominam os homicídios, especialmente no sexo masculino e na faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos. Constatou-se uma distribuição desigual da mortalidade por causas externas no espaço urbano, penalizando, especialmente no caso dos homicídios, as populações residentes em bairros pobres, com taxas superiores ao coeficiente médio de Salvador. É necessário desenvolver medidas de prevenção e controle, incluindo políticas públicas e ações programáticas de saúde, orientadas para o espaço social sujeito a maior risco de morte por causas externas.

Alcohol production from whey

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reesen, L

1978-01-01

The continuous production of ethanol from whey permeate, by fermentation of its lactose with Kluyveromyces fragilis, is described. From whey containing 4.4% lactose, production costs were very competitive with those for alcohol from molasses.

Mastitis bovina causada por Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos

OpenAIRE

Bonetto, César C.

2014-01-01

El presente Trabajo de Tesis se desprende como una línea de investigación del grupo de la UNRC dedicado al estudio de la problemática de la mastitis bovina tanto en aspectos básicos como aplicados con estudios genéticos, epidemiológicos y de virulencia de los principales microorganismos involucrados en la mastitis bovina. Staphylococccus coagulasa negativo (SCN) es un grupo bacteriano formado por varias especies que por lo general eran considerados flora oportunista de la piel y age...

La curiosidad por la naturaleza

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José Vicente Rodríguez

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Esta actitud es un instrumento estratégico para estimular procesos de desarrollo realmente sostenibles, donde se aproveche la admiración que nos embarga al conocer y apreciar lo que nos rodea para responsablemente utilizar y conservar nuestros recursos naturales. Con esta reflexión deseo resaltar esa motivación de escudriñar lo desconocido, que fue también la virtud que propició el desarrollo de la personalidad de Francisco José de Caldas y Tenorio, uno de nuestros primeros y connotados sabios colombianos, y en cuyo honor se constituyó la revista de divulgación científica más importante del país, que en estos momentos cumple 76 años de existencia. Caldas tuvo curiosidad por todo lo que existía en su entorno; inicialmente en su natal Popayán, donde se maravilló por lo natural, lo que lo motivó y llevó más allá de su tierra a formar parte de la mayor empresa de exploración científica adelantada en ese entonces en territorio americano: la primera Expedición Botánica al nuevo Reino de Granada, de José Celestino Mutis.

Determinação do volume mínimo efetivo de bupivacaína 0,5% para bloqueio do plexo braquial por via axilar guiado por ultrassom

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Leonardo Henrique Cunha Ferraro

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Justificativa e objetivo: o uso do ultrassom para acompanhar o correto posicionamento da agulha e a dispersão do anestésico local permitiu a redução do volume de anestésico local necessário para o bloqueio de nervos periféricos. Existem poucos trabalhos sobre o volume mínimo efetivo de anestésico local para o bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar (BPVA. Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar o volume mínimo efetivo (VE90 de bupivacaína 0,5% comadrenalina (1:200.000 para o BPVA guiado por ultrassom. Método: o método up-and-down proposto por Massey e Dixon foi usado para o cálculo do volume mínimo efetivo. A dose inicial foi de 5 ml por nervo (radial, mediano, ulnar e musculocutâneo. No caso de falha do bloqueio, o volume era aumentado em 0,5 mL por nervo. O sucesso do bloqueio resultava na diminuição do volume em 0,5 mL por nervo para o paciente subsequente. O sucesso do bloqueio foi definido como bloqueio da função motora ≤ 2 segundo a escala de Bromage modificada, ausência de sensibilidade térmica e de resposta ao pinprick. Foi definido como critério para término do estudo a obtenção de cinco casos de falha seguidos de casos de sucesso. Resultados: foram incluídos 19 pacientes no estudo. O volume mínimo efetivo (VE90 de bupi-vacaína 0,5% com 1:200.000 de adrenalina foi de 1,56 ml (IC 95% 0,99-3,5 por nervo. Conclusão: este trabalho corrobora alguns estudos que mostram que é possível obter anestesia cirúrgica com baixos volumes de anestésico local para bloqueios de nervo periférico guiados por ultrassom.

Producción de energía por combustión de basuras en bogotá

OpenAIRE

Morales Gilede, Abel

2010-01-01

Este estudio tiene por objeto hacer un avalúo de la posibilidad de producir energía por medio de la incineración de las basuras provenientes de la ciudad de Bogotá. El estudio se desarrolló con base en la información existente. Elaborada especialmente por EDIS. Por contratos realizados por esta entidad con diferentes compañías y con la colaboración del Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas y complementada por los Laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional. Con base en estos estudios se obtuv...

A INFLUÊNCIA DO AMBIENTE DE VAREJO NAS COMPRAS POR IMPULSO EM AEROPORTOS

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Jorge Brantes Ferreira

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O fluxo de passageiros em aeroportos comerciais internacionais cresce a cada ano. Mais passageiros representam mais consumidores em fluxo e mais negócios. As condições particulares dos aeroportos criam experiências de varejo únicas, com evidências de comportamento de compra por impulso. Este estudo avalia a importância do ambiente de varejo e das emoções no comportamento de compra por impulso de consumidores em aeroportos aplicando uma versão do modelo de Mohan et al. (2013. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma survey envolvendo 218 clientes do duty free shop de um grande aeroporto brasileiro e analisados por equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente de compras exerce grande influência sobre as emoções do consumidor e que estas têm forte influência sobre sua vontade de comprar por impulso.

EL MODELO LIBERAL COMO UN MODELO DEPREDADOR POR NATURALEZA

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Julián Sabogal Tamayo

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Tuve la oportunidad de participar, por gentil invitación de la profesora Gertrudis Quijano, en el Diplomado de Geografía, lo cual me permitió acercarme un poco a quines estudian esta disciplina y me animó luego a participar en este Congreso, sobre una temática aparentemente lejana de mi formación de Economista. Mi contribución en esta conferencia se encamina al área del Medio Ambiente, que es uno de los componentes del Congreso que nos convoca. Espero hacerme entender y que mis reflexiones sean de alguna utilidad para ustedes, no necesariamente que estén de acuerdo conmigo, sino que mis planteamientos merezcan su atención y se puedan convertir para ustedes en objeto de discusión y ser involucrados en sus actividades académicas particulares. Creo que es necesario que los profesionales de las ciencias sociales, incluida la Geografía, vuelvan a pensar en los temas trascendentes y reversar la tendencia de los últimos lustros que invita solamente a preocuparse por temas llamados prácticos, por el día a día. Yo suelo preguntarles a mis estudiantes, cuando me expresan sus deseos de adquirir saberes prácticos, que les permitan ganarse la vida, y..., ¿quién pensará por ustedes? Recordemos al gran Oscar Wilde quien afirmaba que el medio seguro de no saber nada de la vida es intentar hacerse útil.

Fatal pneumonia by Legionella in a farmer with hypersensitivity pneumonitis Neumonía por Legionella con desenlace fatal en un granjero con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad

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Vega García López

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The retrospective investigation of a fatal sporadic Legionnaires' disease identified an unknown case of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a swine breeder. Methods: Chest high-resolution computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, lung biopsy, arterial gasometry, pulmonary function tests and autopsy were performed. It was studied the presence of Legionella by serology and risk water samples were analyzed to identify the Legionella's source. Results: HP and Legionella pneumophila pneumonia diagnostics were confirmed. Lung fibrosis, a restrictive functional pattern, decreased diffusion, hypoxemia and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis were evidenced. Legionella´s source was detected in a shower and a positive serology in the patient. Autopsy verified pulmonary fibrosis and the septic shock leaded to Legionella causing the death. Conclusions: Chronic cough and pulmonary infiltrates in a farmer should suspect the presence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Later diagnosis carries a worse prognosis, the offending antigens exposure can't be avoided and fibrotic stage enhanced opportunity infection disease.Introducción: La investigación retrospectiva sobre un fallecimiento aislado por Legionelosis, hizo aflorar un caso de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad en un granjero cuidador de cerdos. Métodos: Se realizaron las siguientes pruebas: tomografía axial computerizada de alta resolución, lavado broncoalveolar, biopsia pulmonar, gasometría arterial, pruebas de función respiratoria y autopsia. Se estudió la presencia de Legionella por serología y se analizaron las muestras de fuentes de riesgo para identificar el foco de Legionella. Resultados: El estudio confirmó los diagnósticos de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad y neumonía por Legionella pneumophila. Las pruebas realizadas objetivaron la fibrosis pulmonar, un patrón respiratorio funcional restrictivo, un descenso de la difusión pulmonar, hipoxemia y la presencia de

Dregs of our forgotten ancestors: fermentative microorganisms in the prehistory of Europe, the steppes and Indo-Iranian Asia, and their contemporary use in traditional and probiotic beverages

Science.gov (United States)

Fermentative microorganisms in the yeast genera Debaryomyces, Hyphopichia, Kluyveromyces, Lachancea, Saccharomyces, and Wickerhamomyces (and in the bacterial genus Lactobacillus) have been isolated from a variety of fermented beverages. These same microorganisms were very likely unknowingly utilized...

Riesgos antrópicos generados por la actividad minera

OpenAIRE

Ana Violeta Argüello Mejía; Enriqueta Cantos Aguirre; Jorge Vitery Moya

2013-01-01

Las actividades productivas generan riesgos antrópicos [1] a mediano y largo plazo. La zona de estudio se ubica en las Parroquias de Pomasqui, San Antonio y Calacalí, donde se han producido riesgos debido a las actividades humanas, en este caso, por la explotación de las canteras para abastecer el mercado de la construcción del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. La investigación propone determinar los riesgos antrópicos generados por la actividad minera. Los pobladores de la zona identifican qu...

Responsabilidad civil por accidentes en espectáculos taurinos

OpenAIRE

Caballero Moreno, María Araceli

2016-01-01

El trabajo versa sobre la responsabilidad civil aplicada al campo de los espectáculos taurinos, explicando el régimen de responsabilidad aplicable, regulado en el art. 1.902 de nuestro Código Civil, centrándose especialmente en quién debe asumir la responsabilidad en caso de producirse daños a los espectadores del festejo por los propios animales, si la propia víctima por haber llevado a cabo una conducta imprudente aplicando la teoría de la asunción del riesgo o los organizadores del festejo...

Invalidez por dor nas costas entre segurados da Previdência Social do Brasil

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Ney Meziat Filho

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as aposentadorias por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social em 2007. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez foi calculada segundo as variáveis idade e sexo, nos estados. Os dias de trabalho perdidos por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas foram calculados segundo atividade profissional. RESULTADOS: A dor nas costas idiopática foi a primeira causa de invalidez entre as aposentadorias previdenciárias e acidentárias. A maioria dos beneficiários residia em área urbana e era comerciário. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez no Brasil foi de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuintes. Esse valor foi mais elevado entre os homens e entre as pessoas mais velhas. Rondônia exibiu taxa quatro vezes superior ao esperado (RT = 4,05 e a segunda maior taxa, referente à Bahia, foi de aproximadamente duas vezes o esperado (RT = 2,07. Os comerciários foram responsáveis por 96,9% dos dias perdidos por invalidez. CONCLUSÕES: A dor nas costas foi uma importante causa de invalidez em 2007, sobretudo entre comerciários, com grandes diferenças entre os estados.

Fisiopatología molecular en la infección por Helicobacter pylori

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Franklin Torres Jiménez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La infección por Helicobacter pylori es el proceso de colonización bacteriana más común a nivel mundial. En 1994 la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación en Cáncer ( IARC catalogó al Helicobacter Pylori como un carcinógeno tipo I. La infección por esta bacteria incrementa el riesgo de padecer cáncer gástrico hasta 6 veces más que los individuos que no presentan la infección. Colombia tiene una prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori del 86 % en adultos mayores de 20 años y del 80% en niños mayores de 8 años. La infección persistente y recidivante de la mucosa gástrica puede generar una respuesta inflamatoria, o procesos silentes, que en el peor de los casos puede progresar a un adenocarcinoma gástrico tipo difuso o intestinal. Existen múltiples factores que influyen en las consecuencias clínicas de la infección por Helicobacter pylori: en mención: predisposición genética del huésped, inmunorregulación genética del paciente infectado, factores ambientales y heterogeneidad de los factores de virulencia de las diversas cepas. Por lo anterior se infiere que las patolo - gías gástricas, en especial la gastritis y el adenocarcinoma, son padecimientos de etiología multifactorial que pueden originarse por diversas causas o condiciones. En esta revisión se analizarán los principales aspectos relacionados con la fisiopatología molecular en la infección por Helicobacter pylori , en particular tópicos correspondientes a los factores de virulencia.

Ansiedad percibida por los pacientes hospitalizados por quemaduras, en una Unidad de Quemados

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M. Alcázar-Gabás

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo, pretende describir el estado de ansiedad que experimentan los pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Quemados. Uno de los factores clave en los cuidados del paciente quemado es una buena atención psicológica. La realidad demuestra que es el profesional de enfermería quien observa los síntomas emocionales durante los primeros días de ingreso y trata de responder a esa demanda de cuidado. Pretendemos, a través de la medición del nivel de ansiedad que perciben los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Quemados elegida para nuestro estudio durante el primer semestre del año 2009, identificar a aquellos que estén en riesgo de padecer mayores niveles de ansiedad durante su hospitalización, para así poder establecer un plan de cuidados adaptado a las necesidades emocionales de cada uno. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que los pacientes quemados ingresados en la Unidad de Quemados presentaron niveles elevados de ansiedad que son superiores entre la población femenina, así como en aquellos pacientes con lesiones de mayor extensión. Determinamos también que los pacientes ingresados por quemaduras en la Unidad de Quemados a estudio fueron mayoritariamente varones, de nacionalidad española, residentes en medio urbano con una media de edad de 50 años, siendo las quemaduras producidas por llama en accidentes domésticos la causa más frecuente.

Diferencias salariales por género en el departamento de Santander, Colombia

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Alexandra Cortés Aguilar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza los factores que influyen en el salario por hora y sus diferencias por género para el departamento de Santander durante los años 2012 a 2014. Específicamente, se explora si dicho diferencial obedece o no a un factor discriminatorio en el mercado de trabajo santandereano, utilizando los datos proporcionados por la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares GEIH. Luego de presentar un análisis descriptivo del mercado laboral santandereano, se realizan estimaciones econométricas aplicando la metodología Blinder-Oaxaca para evidenciar la existencia de un componente discriminatorio. Los resultados indican que, para el total de la muestra en la región santandereana, entre un 25 % y 30 % de las diferencias salariales por género se asocian al componente discriminatorio no explicado.

VENTAJAS ARANCELARIAS OTORGADAS POR ESTADOS UNIDOS POR MEDIO DEL ATPDEA, APROVECHABLES PARA LAS PyMES DE BOGOTA Y CUNDINAMARCA

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Mario Ernesto

2003-07-01

Full Text Available En medio de la crisis de desempleo, pobreza y desigualdad que afronta Colombia, las pequeñas y medianas empresas se han convertido en una alternativa importante de generación de trabajo y valor agregado. Sin embargo, éstas deben aprovechar las ventajas que se otorgaron al país en el marco del ATPDEA, por medio del cual los Estados Unidos concedió preferencias arancelarias a más de cinco mil seiscientos productos que estuvieron vigentes durante más de diez años, y que luego, a partir de septiembre del 2002, se ampliaron en más de seiscientos productos. En este trabajo se presentan los rubros de la lista adicional, que presentan posibilidades de exportación a los Estados Unidos por parte de las PyMES de Bogotá y Cundinamarca.

Parâmetros de modelagem por injeção de termoplásticos em moldes fabricados por estereolitografia com resina SOMOS 7110

OpenAIRE

Busato, Fábio André

2004-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica Este trabalho consistiu em avaliar comparativamente os principais parâmetros envolvidos no processo de moldagem por injeção, utilizando os termoplásticos PP, ABS e PA 6,6, em insertos fabricados pelo processo convencional em aço ABNT 1045 e pelo processo de ferramental rápido por estereolitografia. As cavidades selecionadas tiveram todas a mesma forma geomét...

Consecuencias del estrés oxidativo de la piel por radiaciones ultravioleta

OpenAIRE

Alvarez Fontanet, Ernesto

1995-01-01

Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de la participación de las especies reactivas del oxígeno en la fisiopatología de muchas entidades y fenómenos patológicos. La piel es probablemente uno de los órganos que con mayor frecuencia sufre estrés oxidativo. Las radiaciones ultravioleta constituyen el principal factor generador de estrés oxidativo a este nivel. El fotoestrés oxidativo de la piel por radiaciones ultravioleta está mediado por diferentes mecanismos y favorecido por diversas circunstanci...

Diferencia salarial por género en ejecutivos peruanos en Lima Metropolitana

OpenAIRE

Gómez Flores, Robert Efrain; Huapaya Ames, Milagros del Carmen; Rojas Zegarra, Jhon Alexander; Salinas Valencia, Eder Velver

2017-01-01

vii, 106 h. : il. ; 30 cm En la presente investigación se describen cuáles son los factores que determinan la diferencia salarial por género en ejecutivos peruanos en Lima Metropolitana y su impacto en cada factor. Dicho estudio se realizó considerando los siguientes factores: (a) estereotipos por género, (b) prejuicios por género, (c) cultura organizacional y (d) educación. Asimismo, esta investigación se basó en un estudio cualitativo, con propósito descriptivo y explicativo,...

Percepções e sentimentos de adolescentes criados por avós

OpenAIRE

Paixão, Flávia Juliana Dourado

2013-01-01

Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as percepções e os sentimentos de adolescentes criados por avós. Busca-se, especificamente: 1) descrever a percepção dos adolescentes sobre seus avós, seus sentimentos por eles e as relações estabelecidas com os mesmos; 2) descrever como percebem as figuras parentais biológicas, seus sentimentos por eles e suas relações com os mesmos; 3) compreender a experiência dos adolescentes acerca do fato de serem criados pelos avós; e 4) descrever a...

METODOLOGIA DE CARACTERIZACION CONCEPTUAL POR CONDICIONAMIENTOS SUCESIVOS. UNA APLICACION A SISTEMAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES.

OpenAIRE

PEREZ BONILLA, ALEJANDRA

2009-01-01

En clasificación automática se buscan perfiles subyacentes a la estructura de un dominio que ayude a comprenderlo y permita una mejor toma de decisiones. Por ello comprender el significado de las clases resulta fundamental. Por otro lado la validación de un cluster sigue siendo un problema abie~to por no haberse encontrado aún un criterio objetivo para determinar la calidad de un conjunto de clases en el contexto del clusteríng (Hand 1996), que se aplica en situaciones en las que no hay un bu...

Uso del agua en la alfalfa (Medicago sativa con riego por goteo subsuperficial

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José Alfredo Montemayor Trejo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de analizar la eficiencia en el uso del agua con el sistema de riego por goteo subsuperficial y por gravedad, durante el año 2004 se realizó la investigación en la Comarca Lagunera de los estados de Coahuila y Durango, México. Se estableció un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones y tres tratamientos de separación de cintas de riego de 0.8, 0.9 y 1.0 m, y como testigo se evaluó el método de riego por gravedad. Se utilizó el método de regresión lineal simple entre las variables días después de siembra y lámina de agua aplicada, para obtener modelos de aplicación de agua con riego por goteo subsuperficial (RGS y riego por gravedad. La variedad de alfalfa establecida fue la WL 712 con una densidad de siembra de 40 kg ha-1, el gasto de la cinta fue de 3 L/h por metro lineal con orificios espaciados a 30 cm y espesor de 10,000 micrones. La lámina de riego aplicada fue de 1.39 m en el sistema por gravedad y 1.16 m con riego por goteo subsuperficial. Los consumos de agua promedio diario de los modelos presentaron diferencias t(a=0.05 y fueron 0.417 y 0.299 cm dia-1 en gravedad y RGS. El rendimiento de materia seca en siete cortes y la eficiencia en el uso del agua fueron de 24.08 t ha-1, 2.04 kg m-3 en subsuperficial y 18.46 t ha-1, 1.33 kg m-3 en gravedad (P<0.05.

Parotiditis por Streptococcus Pyogenes: Presentacion de un caso

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Zoila del S. López-Díaz

1995-08-01

Full Text Available La glándula parótida es generalmente afectada por procesos inflamatorios. Su etiología se debe a infecciones primarias de la glándula o como complicación de infecciones sistémicas. Se reporta el Stafilococcus aureus como el agente causal más frecuente de parotiditis aguda supurada, y se señalan además otras bacterias y virus. Se presenta un niño de 9 años de edad con un proceso supurativo agudo de la parótida izquierda de un mes de evolución, con salida de abundante pus por el conducto de Stenon. Se realizó cultivo de la secreción e identificación de Streptococcus B hemolítico grupo A, a pesar de haber recibido antibioticoterapia previa. Se utilizó ampicillina y se tuvo en cuenta la sensibilidad in vitro; no presentó mejoría clínica, por lo que se decidió el empleo de la sialografía como alternativa terapéutica en este caso. Se obtuvo la resolución del proceso supurativo infeccioso y además se evidenció en este estudio la pérdida del estroma parotídeo.

Diagnostico por PCR del complejo Sigatoka en Colombia.

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Romero Magally

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Las Sigatokas negra y amarilla son enfermedades causadas por Mycosphaerella fijiensis y Mycosphaerella musicola respectivamente. Estas dos especies de hongos estrechamente relacionadas y morfológicamente similares, causan necrosis severa en las hojas de banano y plátano disminuyendo el área de tejido fotosintético y acelerando la maduración del fruto. Las enfermedades producidas por estos hongos afectan la mayoría de las áreas cultivadas de banano y plátano a nivel mundial, generando un gran problema económico y ambiental. Los síntomas que produce cada uno de estos patógenos en el cultivo son similares, por lo que su correcta identificación en campo se hace difícil. Con el fin de hacer una identificación precisa de cada uno de ellos decidimos estandarizar una prueba diagnóstica basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR utilizando dos oligonucleótidos de 21 bases (MF 137 y MM 137 específicos para cada una de las especies M. fijiensis y M. musicola respectivamente. MF 137 y MM 137 codifican regiones variables identificadas en las secuencias interespaciadoras (ITS del DNA ribosomal.

Deletion of porA by recombination between clusters of repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences in Neisseria meningitidis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Ende, A.; Hopman, C. T.; Dankert, J.

1999-01-01

PorA is an important component in a vaccine against infection with Neisseria meningitidis. However, porA-negative meningococci were isolated from patients, thereby potentially limiting the role of PorA-mediated immunity. To analyze the mechanism by which the porA deletion occurred, the regions

Miasis ocular por Oestrus ovis

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María Beltrán F

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan tres casos de miasis ocular (dos adultos y un niñoprocedentes de zonas ganaderas de la provincia de Huaura,departamento de Lima,que acudieron al Hospital Regional de Huacho por presentar el ojo rojo,fotofobia, edema palpebral y sensación de cuerpo extraño;se extrajeron larvas adheridas al canto interno del ojo,las cuales se recibieron en el Instituto Nacional de Salud y fueron identificadas como Oestrus ovis .

Consulta farmacéutica: intoxicación por gemfibrozilo

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Nerea Acuña Elvira

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Paciente de 46 años diagnosticada de depresión, hipertiroidismo e hipertrigliceridemia. En el último mes y medio ha tenido que acudir al servicio de urgencias del hospital en varias ocasiones por presentar cuadros diarreicos importantes acompañados de náuseas y malestar general. Los médicos le diagnosticaron gastroenteritis, administraron suero intravenoso con antieméticos y pautaron paracetamol 1g cada 8 horas. En la propia consulta, el marido solicita le dispensemos Trialmin® 600 mg, que su esposa “tiene prescrito para el tiroides” y del que toma 6 comprimidos diarios. Detectamos un resultado negativo de la medicación por error en la pauta e indicación del medicamento para la hipertrigliceridemia. Intervenimos explicándole que Tirodril® es el medicamento que le han prescrito para el hipertiroidismo y no Trialmin®, que está indicado en hipertrigliceridemias. Se deriva al servicio de urgencias con un informe por escrito de la situación dirigido al médico.

Estudio de la fecha del paso de la temperatura media del aire por encima y por debajo de 25°C en la zona occidental de Cuba

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Luisa M. Zayas Valdés

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Las evidencias observacionales indican que durante las últimas décadas el clima de Cuba se ha hecho más cálido, se ha observado un incremento de los totales de precipitación en el período poco lluvioso y un cierto decrecimiento en el período lluvioso, y la frecuencia de sequías se ha incrementado significativamente desde 1960. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar, en las marchas anuales de la temperatura del aire de cada estación meteorológica en la zona más occidental de Cuba, las fechas del paso de la temperatura media del aire por encima y por debajo de 25°C y la duración de esos períodos, enmarcar los períodos lluvioso y poco lluvioso, y obtener su relación con la fecha del paso de la temperatura media del aire por el umbral señalado. Se comprobó que las regularidades encontradas en las relaciones "paso de la temperatura por encima de 25°C - inicio del período lluvioso" y "paso de la temperatura por debajo de 25°C - inicio del período poco lluvioso" durante el período de referencia 1950-1975 ya no constituyen regularidades en el período de referencia 1976-2005, principalmente en el período en que la temperatura media del aire pasa por debajo de los 25°C, donde los desaciertos alcanzaron las mayores desviaciones. La duración media del período con temperaturas superiores a 25°C muestra una tendencia al aumento, obteniéndose una longitud mayor durante este período que la observada en el período con temperaturas inferiores a 25°C.

Inibição da colonização por Bradyrhizobium elkanii mas não por Glomus intraradices em soja pelo ativador de defesa vegetal BTH

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Hoffmann Lúcia Vieira

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O produto BTH controla doenças através da ativação dos mecanismos de resistência de plantas, cujo modo de ação tem sido caracterizado através da identificação de genes ou enzimas ativados durante esta reação. Os mesmos genes e enzimas podem ser ativados como parte da reação das plantas à colonização por microssimbiontes mutualistas. Então, a aplicação de BTH pode inibir também essas simbioses. Um experimento foi conduzido para verificar se BTH tem efeito sobre a colonização de raízes de soja pelos microssimbiontes Glomus intraradices e Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Plantas controle ou inoculadas com o fungo micorrízico ou rizóbio foram tratadas com 20 mL de BTH 25 mg L-1 por meio da aplicação em sementes, via radicular ou via foliar. As plantas que receberam aplicação radicular de BTH tiveram desenvolvimento vegetativo reduzido. A colonização de raízes por B. elkanii foi menor nas plantas que receberam aplicação de BTH via radicular do que naquelas não tratadas ou tratadas por via foliar apenas. A colonização de raízes de soja por G. intraradices não foi afetada por BTH em quaisquer dos modos de aplicação. A aplicação radicular de BTH deve ser evitada na cultura da soja. Não há indício de restrição de aplicação foliar do produto.

Por uma criminologia crítica feminista

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Camila Damasceno de Andrade

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem o escopo de trazer elementos para a construção de uma criminologia crítica de cunho feminista, motivado pela histórica exclusão das perspectivas de gênero nos mais afamados discursos criminológicos e pela discordância em relação ao pleito feminista por punição. Discorre, primeiramente, sobre a ausência das mulheres nas produções científicas e, em especial, na criminologia. Em seguida, analisa as reflexões provocadas pelo surgimento da criminologia feminista, que, ao mesmo tempo em que elabora profundas críticas ao sistema penal, também atua no sentido de legitimá-lo. Por fim, propõe a formulação de uma criminologia que acolha as experiências femininas sem, todavia, clamar pela expansão do controle penal.

Impacto do manejo da água na toxidez por ferro no arroz irrigado por alagamento

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Fabiana Schmidt

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A toxidez por ferro é o distúrbio nutricional de maior ocorrência em arroz (Oryza sativa L. cultivado em sistemas alagados, derivada da quantidade excessiva de íons ferrosos (Fe2+ gerados pela redução de óxidos de ferro em solos alagados. Em experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, foram avaliados os efeitos de manejos da água de irrigação na dinâmica de redução de um Planossolo e na manifestação da toxidez por ferro em arroz. Os tratamentos dispostos em blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições constaram de cinco manejos da água: T1- início do alagamento no estádio V2-V3 do arroz; T2- início do alagamento no estádio V6-V7; T3- T1 e drenagem no estádio V10-V11; T4- T2 e drenagem no estádio V10-V11; e T5- T1 e drenagens nos estádios V7-V8 e V10-V11. O atraso do início do alagamento para o estádio V6-V7 do arroz manteve os valores do Eh da solução do solo mais elevados, promovendo menor disponibilidade de Fe2+ na solução do solo e deslocando a máxima liberação de Fe2+ na solução do solo para estádios fenológicos mais avançados do arroz. A realização de drenagens ao longo do ciclo vegetativo do arroz promoveu a reoxidação do solo, que ocasionou o aumento dos valores de Eh e redução da concentração de Fe2+ na solução do solo. O uso de drenagens durante o período vegetativo do arroz foi eficiente no controle da toxidez por excesso de ferro, em arroz cultivado em solo alagado.

Desigualdad social. Un viaje por Latinoamérica: Diarios de Motocicleta (2004

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Laura María Moratal Ibáñez

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Dos jóvenes, Ernesto Guevara de 23 años, estudiante avanzado de Medicina y Alberto Granado de 29 años, bioquímico, comienzan un viaje por Latinoamérica a través de 5 países. Este recorrido por más de 12.000 kilómetros se inicia en Argentina en diciembre de 1951 y finaliza en Venezuela 8 meses más tarde. La película relata esta historia real, con un guión basado principalmente en los diarios de viaje publicados por los protagonistas. Nos muestra las experiencias de estos jóvenes en su viaje de descubrimiento por la rica y compleja topografía humana y social del continente sudamericano, deteniéndose especialmente en el tiempo que ambos pasan en una leprosería de la Amazonia.

ESTRATEGIAS DIDÁCTICAS BASADAS EN EL ENFOQUE POR COMPETENCIAS EMPLEADAS POR LOS DOCENTES EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

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Días Z., E.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El enfoque basado en competencias durante al acto didáctico, conlleva a tomar en consideración la labor del docente en relación a la planificación de las estrategias que contribuyan al desarrollo educativo. En este sentido, el presente estudio se desarrolló bajo el paradigma cuantitativo y su propósito consistió en determinar si los profesores del programa de ingeniería civil de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, reflejaban en sus planificaciones didácticas, estrategias basadas en el enfoque por competencias a fin de ajustar cada programa de las asignaturas bajo el perfil recomendado por la Comisión Central de Currículo. Para recabar esta información se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario constituido por 23 ítems, aplicado a una muestra de 45 profesores, quienes representaron el 33% de la población objeto de estudio. En los resultados de este estudio se evidencia que los docentes a pesar de haber recibido orientaciones para el rediseño de los programas de las asignaturas que gestionan bajo el enfoque por competencias, presentan deficiencias en el uso de estrategias didácticas basadas en dicho enfoque, que garanticen la formación de un profesional integral, con sensibilidad social y ambiental, tal como se estipula en el nuevo diseño curricular impulsado por la institución. The competency-based approach during teaching, leads to consider the work of teachers in relation to planning strategies that contribute to educational development. In this sense, the present study was developed under the quantitative paradigm and its purpose was to determine whether program faculty of civil engineering at Lisandro Alvarado University, reflected in their teaching plans, strategies based on competence approach to adjust each program subjects to the recommended profile by the Central Commission for Curriculum. To collect this information a questionnaire consisting of 23 items, was applied to a sample of 45 teachers, who

Vasculitis inducida por metimazol: Reporte de caso

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Miguel Pinto

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Se reporta el caso de una paciente con enfermedad de Graves, que presentó vasculitis asociada al uso de metimazol. Mujer de 14 años, que acudió a consulta por presentar intolerancia al calor, tremor distal y palpitaciones. El examen físico mostró bocio difuso, y el perfil tiroideo, TSH suprimida y hormonas tiroideas elevadas. Los anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea fueron positivos. Se inició tratamiento con metimazol y beta bloqueadores. Después de 20 días, la paciente regresó por presentar malestar general, fiebre, poliartralgia, lesiones cutáneas maculopapulares y edema de miembros inferiores. Los anticuerpos antinucleares fueron negativos y los anticuerpos anticitoplasma de los neutrófilos (ANCA, positivos. Se suspendió el metimazol y se inició prednisona. Después de 10 días de tratamiento, las molestias desaparecieron y la paciente recibió I 131.Las vasculitis asociadas al uso de tionamidas son poco frecuentes, no dependen de la dosis y están asociadas a la presencia de anticuerpos tipo ANCA. Clásicamente, afectan a los vasos pequeños de la piel; sin embargo, también pueden afectar los riñones y pulmones. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por artralgias y mialgias. En algunos casos puede ocurrir insuficiencia renal de grado variable. En la mayoría de casos, el cuadro remite con la suspensión de la droga; pero, en algunos se requiere el uso de glucocorticoides o inmunosupresores.(Rev Med Hered 2011;22:147-150.

Neurobiologia da Cannabis: do sistema endocanabinoide aos transtornos por uso de Cannabis

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José Luis G. Pinho Costa

2011-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Diante das lacunas na efetividade das terapêuticas para transtornos por uso de Cannabis, a droga ilícita mais consumida no mundo, este trabalho propõe-se a rever os conhecimentos sobre o substrato neuroanatômico, biomolecular e celular do sistema endocanabinoide, descrever os mecanismos de neuroplasticidade dependente dos canabinoides e relacioná-los com a neurobiologia dos transtornos por uso de Cannabis (abuso e dependência. MÉTODOS: Recorreu-se às bases de dados Medline, Scopus e ISI Web of Knowledge; as palavras-chave pesquisadas foram "Cannabis", "neurobiology", "endocannabinoid system", "endocannabinoids", "receptors, cannabinoid", "neuronal plasticity", "long-term synaptic depression", "long-term potentiation", "marijuana abuse" e "tetrahydrocannabinol". Foram incluídos 80 trabalhos nesta revisão. DISCUSSÃO: A distribuição neuroanatômica, celular e biomolecular do sistema endocanabinoide adequa-se perfeitamente às suas funções de neuromodulação (via neuroplasticidade e metaplasticidade, nomeadamente em vias relacionadas aos transtornos por uso de substâncias. Os canabinoides exógenos perturbam essas funções. CONCLUSÃO: O sistema endocanabinoide contribui para a definição de setpoints em diversas vias neuronais, incluindo vias cruciais na instalação de transtornos por uso de substâncias; com o uso de Cannabis, esses setpoints tornar-se-ão mais permissivos, facilitando os transtornos por uso de Cannabis. Os avanços no entendimento da neurobiologia da Cannabis abrem uma janela de oportunidades para novas estratégias terapêuticas nos transtornos por uso de Cannabis.

Una vuelta al mundo por la educación

OpenAIRE

Francisco Amat, Andrea; Molins, María

2008-01-01

La Barcelona World Race es una nueva regata vuelta al mundo con dos tripulantes por embarcación y sin escalas en ningún puerto. El pisto letazo de salida se dio el pasado 11 de noviem bre en el Port Olimpic de Barcelona, lugar a donde regresarán los navegantes tras recorrer 25.000 millas, es decir 47.000 kilómetros, por los océanos más hostiles y desafiantes del mundo en monocascos de última generación de la clase IMOCA Open 60. En esta primera edición, participan nueve equipos y uno de ellos...

Estrategias pedagógicas en el proceso de aprendizaje de Manufactura por Mecanizado utilizando software CAM (Manufactura asistida por computador), en el programa de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Central.

OpenAIRE

Pérez Orozco, Pedro William; Reyes Vergara, José Mauricio

2016-01-01

El presente documento, tiene por objeto plantear un proceso estructurado para el aprendizaje de la manufactura por mecanizado asistido por computador, encaminado a subsanar o corregir las falencias detectadas en el proceso de enseñanza, al pasar de una metodología dirigida al contexto del mecanizado efectuado en máquinas convencionales, en las cuales se deben realizar todos y cada uno de los procedimientos por parte de un operario, y establecer los cálculos necesarios para elaborar un produc...

Infecciones por bacterias poco comunes y oncogénesis bacteriana

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Horacio A. Lopardo

Full Text Available La recuperación de algunos microorganismos de aislamiento esporádico en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica podría significar la existencia de algún defecto inmunitarioespecial en el paciente. Por ejemplo, se ha descrito una importante correlación entre Clostridium septicum y carcinoma de colon, y se han visto relacionadas con leucemias y linfomas a especies que aparecen casi siempre como contaminantes (Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp. y a otras raramente aisladas en otros contextos (Capnocytophaga spp.. Hay bacterias que se aíslan casi exclusivamente de pacientes con sida (Rhodococcus equi. Se ha observado una mayor frecuencia de infecciones por Campylobacter spp., Aeromonas spp. y estreptococos del grupo G y del grupo mitis en individuos con algún tipo de cáncer que en el resto de los pacientes. También hay bacterias que son marcadoras de algún cáncer no detectado o que afectan más a pacientes neutropénicos que a individuos normoinmunes. La alteración de la reacción inflamatoria, la linfoproliferación mediada por antígenos bacterianos y la inducción de hormonas que aumentan la proliferación de las células epiteliales podrían ser causas de la oncogénesis bacteriana. Los ejemplos clásicos son el adenocarcinoma gástrico inducido por Helicobacter pylori, la asociación de la bacteriemia por estreptococos del grupo bovis y el cáncer de colon y los linfomas de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas (MALT en vinculación con especies de Helicobacter (MALT gástricos y con Chlamydophila spp. (MALT oculares. El aislamiento de alguno de estos patógenos debería ser un llamado de atención para inducir al estudio de alguna enfermedad maligna.

Agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol en pacientes con enfermedad de Graves

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Helard Manrique-Hurtado

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con enfermedad de Graves que presentaron agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, entre enero 2002 y diciembre 2008. Se buscó asociación entre las variables demográficas y clínicas con la mortalidad y el tiempo de recuperación. Resultados: Treinta (0,60% pacientes con enfermedad de Graves fueron hospitalizados con el diagnóstico de agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol. La mediana de la edad fue 33,5 años y 86,67% fueron mujeres. Al ingreso, todos los pacientes presentaron fiebre y dolor de garganta. El manejo incluyó aislamiento invertido, suspensión del metimazol, administración de antibióticos y glucocorticoides. Doce (40% pacientes recibieron GM-CSF. El número de granulocitos se normalizó después de 10,59 días y cuatro (13,33% pacientes murieron por infecciones bacterianas y sepsis. En todos los casos, el tratamiento definitivo fue yodo radioactivo. No hubo diferencia significativa en la edad, sexo, dosis de metimazol, duración del tratamiento y uso de factor estimulante colonia, entre los pacientes fallecidos y los sobrevivientes. Además, el uso de factor estimulante de colonia no redujo el tiempo de recuperación de la agranulocitosis. Conclusión: La agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol es un evento adverso serio y potencialmente mortal. En este grupo de pacientes, la mortalidad fue elevada y el uso de factor estimulante de colonia no disminuyó el tiempo de recuperación.

Morbilidad oculta por parasitismo intestinal en Lagunita, municipio Girardot, Venezuela

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Yanelis Núñez Gómez

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar la morbilidad oculta por parasitismo intestinal en Lagunita, municipio Girardot, Venezuela; en el período de enero a octubre de 2009. El universo fue de 286 niños, lo que se corresponde con la población total del grupo de edad de menores de 15 años. De estos se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio simple 43 pacientes, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario y se confeccionó una guía de observación, para describir los factores epidemiológicos que influyen en la infestación por parasitismo intestinal. Además, se les realizaron análisis de las heces fecales seriadas para el diagnóstico del parasitismo. El método estadístico fue el cálculo de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. A través del estudio de las heces fecales seriadas se obtuvo que 27 pacientes tenían parasitosis intestinal, para una morbilidad de 62,79%, con una mayor incidencia en los niños de cinco a nueve años de edad. El sexo femenino fue el más afectado. Los factores epidemiológicos que más influyeron fueron: los malos hábitos higiénicos personales, el entorno desfavorable y el consumo de agua no potable; existió relación entre el nivel socioeconómico, los factores epidemiológicos y la morbilidad por parasitismo intestinal. Predominó la parasitosis por Entamoeba Histolytica, con 11 casos, para un 40,74%. La diarrea, las molestias abdominales y la pérdida de apetito constituyeron los principales síntomas

Esofagogastrofundoplicatura videolaparoscópica por técnica mista

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Bruno Zilberstein

Full Text Available A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE é uma patologia freqüente, acometendo cerca de 10% da população geral. Esta incidência tem se elevado nos últimos anos. Tradicionalmente, sua abordagem terapêutica inicial é clínica, porém, o número de indicações cirúrgicas tem aumentado principalmente às custas das vantagens da videolaparoscopia. Durante o período de janeiro de 1993 a março de 1998, 112 pacientes foram submetidos a fundoplicatura e hiatoplastia por videolaparoscopia para o tratamento da DRGE, sendo 62 (55,3% do sexo masculino e 50 (44,7% do sexo feminino. A idade variou de 20 a 90 anos, com média de 40 anos. As indicações cirúrgicas foram doença refratária ao tratamento clínico (76,9%, seguido por esôfago de Barrett (16,1 %, estenose esofágica (3,5%, hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera esofágica (2,6% e hérnia hiatal paraesofágica (0,9%. Para o procedimento cirúrgico foram utilizados cinco trocartes. A hiatoplastia foi realizada com pontos em "X". Na fundoplicatura, após a passagem do fundo gástrico por trás do esôfago abdominal, inicialmente se realiza um ponto tomando as duas extremidades do fundo gástrico, porém sem fixar esta sutura ao esôfago. A partir daí, mais quatro pontos são realizados, sendo dois acima e dois abaixo deste ponto inicial, de maneira a envolver o esôfago, de modo parcial (2700. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 80 minutos e o de internação, de 1,8 dias. Ocorreram duas conversões (1,7%. Não houve mortalidade, e as complicações assinaladas foram pneumotórax (0,9%, enfisema subcutâneo (0,9%, disfagia transitória (26% e disfagia persistente (3,5%. A fundoplicatura mista laparoscópica tem se mostrado um procedimento seguro e eficaz para o tratamento definitivo da DRGE com baixo número de complicações, reunindo as vantagens clássicas da cirurgia laparoscópica: curto período de internação, rápida recuperação e bons resultados estéticos; e às de uma t

Medidas para la protección del medio marino en la región del Gran Caribe por daños ocasionados por la industria mar adentro

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María Carolina Romero Lares

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los derrames recientes de hidrocarburos en plataformas petroleras mar adentro han puesto de relieve la necesidad de desarrollar regímenes de responsabilidad e indemnización por daños ocasionados por actividades de exploración y explota - ción en los fondos marinos sujetos a la jurisdicción nacional. En la actualidad no existe ningún convenio internacional que aborde el tema, y la comunidad internacional se ha inclinado a favor del desarrollo de instrumentos regionales o bilaterales. La región del Gran Caribe se caracteriza por poseer un frágil ecosistema ma - rino, que se encuentra amenazado por el riesgo de contaminación de petróleo producto de actividades de extracción en el lecho marino. Pese a ello, el único convenio regional para la protección y preservación del mar Caribe, conocido como Convenio de Cartagena, solo incluye principios generales sobre responsabilidad por actividades en los fondos marinos, sin desarrollar hasta la fecha los protocolos o acuerdos que garanticen su aplicación. Este estudio realiza una descripción y comparación de los esfuerzos llevados a cabo en el plano internacional y regional para desarrollar estas reglas y sugiere tres opciones para al - canzar un marco legal eficiente, exhaustivo y uniforme que garantice la pronta y adecuada indemnización de las víctimas y la reparación de todos los daños.

Ability for anaerobic growth is not sufficient for development of the petite phenotype in Saccharomyces kluyveri

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møller, Kasper; Olsson, Lisbeth; Piskur, Jure

2001-01-01

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a petite-phenotype-positive ("petite-positive") yeast, which can successfully grow in the absence of oxygen. On the other hand, Kluyveromyces lactis as well as many other yeasts are petite negative and cannot grow anaerobically. In this paper, we show that Saccharomyces...... kluyveri can grow under anaerobic conditions, but while it can generate respiration-deficient mutants, it cannot generate true petite mutants. From a phylogenetic point of view, S. kluyveri is apparently more closely related to S. cerevisiae than to K. lactis. These observations suggest that the progenitor...... of the modern Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces yeasts, as well as other related genera, was a petite-negative and aerobic yeast. Upon separation of the K. lactis and S. kluyveri-S. cerevisiae lineages, the latter developed the ability to grow anaerobically. However, while the S. kluyveri lineage has remained...

Derrame pericárdico y pericarditis purulenta por Salmonella: un caso excepcional

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Jorge Pulido-Arenas

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Las complicaciones cardiovasculares asociadas a las infecciones por la Salmonella son raras y suceden entre el 1 a 5% de los pacientes. Las enfermedades del pericardio son extremadamente inusuales con pocos casos reportados en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de un adulto mayor con síntomas de derrame pericárdico y hallazgos de pericarditis purulenta en quien la etiología corresponde a infección por la Salmonella spp. confirmada por hallazgos clínicos, de imágenes diagnósticas, microbiológicos, quirúrgicos e histopatológicos.

El IVA en el consumo por vía electrónica

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Ana Maria Delgado

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Las operaciones comerciales electrónicas llevadas a cabo por los consumidores se ven afectadas por la fiscalidad indirecta que grava el consumo general, es decir, por el impuesto sobre el valor añadido. Al respecto, los aspectos más importantes que se plantean son, en primer lugar, la localización de las operaciones comerciales electrónicas en el IVA; en segundo lugar, la aplicación del régimen especial del IVA para el comercio electrónico, y, en tercer lugar, la regulación de la facturación telemática.

Por mil devaluados pesos

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Annie Rodríguez Collázos

2013-03-01

Full Text Available El estudio de lo popular y lo urbano hasta ahora se ha centrado en el comportamiento y en algunas relaciones de los habitantes con su entorno. “Por mil devaluados pesos. Publicidad popular y urbana”, pretende explorar las formas de publicidad, dispersas en diferentes espacios populares y urbanos en Bogotá, identificando esquemas y formas características de sus propios códigos comunicativos; se centran en un objeto de estudio consistente en las estrategias publicitarias y los códigos comunicativos en los mensajes publicitarios populares en las subculturas de San Victorino, 7 de Agosto y Sanandresito de San José.

Sepsis por shigella flexneri

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César Cabrera C

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un caso raro de sepsis por Shigella flexneri en una paciente de 45 años de edad quien estando hospitalizada para el estudio de un tumor cerebral, requirió el uso de manitol y dosis altas de corticoides; luego de ello presenta deposiciones líquidas con moco y sangre, desarrolla síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, luego se aísla Shigella flexneri en el hemocultivo; recibió tratamiento antibiótico con ciprofloxacina. Se describen las características del caso y se comenta de acuerdo con la revisión de literatura.

Plantas usadas por aves en paisajes cafeteros de Nariño, Colombia

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Yulieth Viviana Castillo R.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Las plantas son un importante recurso alimenticio para las aves presentes en los paisajes cafeteros, por lo que la heterogeneidad en las diferentes unidades de estos paisajes, garantizan la disponibilidad de alimento. Conocer este tipo de interacciones entre plantas y aves es importante para la conservación de la biodiversidad en paisajes cafeteros. En esta investigación, se presenta la lista inicial de especies de plantas usadas por las aves de paisajes cafeteros en zonas rurales de los municipios de Colón-Génova, La Unión, Arboleda y San Pedro de Cartago en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Las observaciones en campo y colectas generales de plantas muestran que 25 especies vegetales son consumidas por aves frugívoras, ocho especies son aprovechadas por aves nectarívoras y nueve especies son aprovechadas por aves insectívoras. Los resultados obtenidos permiten proponer un listado de especies de plantas potenciales como fuente de recursos para las aves, algunas nativas y otras introducidas, que pueden ser útiles para el manejo de paisajes cafeteros en la región a través de la implementación de estrategias de producción y propagación para la restauración.

Taxa de mortalidade por acidentes de trâsito e frota de veículos

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Samuel Kilsztajn

2001-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A taxa de mortalidade específica por acidentes de trânsito de veículos a motor é usualmente utilizada para efeito das políticas de saúde pública. Para mensurar o grau de violência no trânsito, foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de analisar o número de óbitos por acidentes de trânsito por veículo a motor. MÉTODOS: Com base nos dados sobre frota de veículos, população e óbitos por acidente de trânsito, publicados no Statiscal Yearbook (1999, Demografic Yearbook (1997, Denatran (1999, Ministério da Saúde (2000 e Fundação IBGE (2000, foram estudados 61 países e 51 localidades brasileiras.A taxa de mortalidade específica foi decomposta em número de veículos por habitante e número de óbitos por veículo. Numa primeira aproximação, cada uma das amostras (internacional e brasileira foi subdividida em três grupos, de acordo com o número de veículos por habitante, para estudo da relação entre os três índices. Para testar a significância dessa relação, foi estimada uma função de regressão log-linear. RESULTADOS: Os resultados para as estimativas internacionais, assim como as do Brasil, demonstraram que, quanto maior o número de veículos por habitante, menor o número de óbitos por acidentes de trânsito por veículo, tendo-se elasticidade da ordem de -1,067, para as estimativas internacionais, e de -0,515, para as do Brasil. CONCLUSÕES: Para uma política de prevenção dos acidentes de trânsito, os resultados encontrados indicam a necessidade de estudar os fatores que possam explicar o maior número de óbitos por veículo nas regiões com menor número de veículos por habitante.

Especies vegetales dendroenergéticas utilizadas por los pobladores del Encino, Santander, Colombia

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Ruth E. Ocaña Figueroa

2005-01-01

de combustible, cuya distancia a la vivienda puede variar desde menos de 0,1 a 2 km. En el 56% de los casos su recolección es realizada por todos los miembros de la familia, esta labor por lo general se realiza diariamente, empleando un promedio de dos horas al día. Se encontraron 27especies de árboles y arbustos útiles como combustible, siendo el roble la especie más importante contribuyendo con 73% del total de leña que consume una familia. Se halló que el consumo anual de leña en una familia corresponde a 6,2 t. Consumo que es determinado tanto por las condiciones ecológicas, como por aspectos culturales y socioeconómicos. En esta región el consumo no sigue ningún proceso de planeación, ni dirección de extracción y se rige por la disponibilidad del recurso. Sin embargo, existe un conocimiento sobre las especies de leña y sus características durante el proceso de la combustión.

Resultados preliminares de las emisiones COVs generada por el tráfico de vehículos por carretera en Santa Cruz de Tenerife

OpenAIRE

Pérez, N. M.; Nolasco, D.; Lima, R. N.; Hernández, P. A.; Salazar, J. M. L.; Mena, A.; Rosa, D. de la; Hernández Cruz, Bentorey; González, C.

2003-01-01

Ponencia presentada en: 1er Encuentro sobre Meteorología y Atmósfera de Canarias, celebrado en el Puerto de la Cruz, los días 12,13 y 14 de noviembre de 2003. El encuentro estuvo organizado por el Centro Meteorológico Territorial en Canarias Occidental, con la colaboración del Observatorio Atmosférico de Izaña y del Grupo de Física de la Atmósfera de la Facultad de Física (Universidad de La Laguna) Los hidrocarburos emitidos directamente por los vehículos influyen en la salud humana como ...

Mapa cualitativo para el análisis de riesgo por BTEX por proximidad con gasolineras en la ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, México

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Marco Antonio Garcia Zarate

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La exposición a compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV presentes en la gasolina, como el benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno y xileno (BTEX, por su capacidad cancerígena se ha asociado con el aumento del riesgo a desarrollar cáncer en las personas que viven o trabajan en las proximidades de las estaciones de servicio. En este trabajo se propone una aproximación metodológica para estudiar la problemática que representan los COV en los individuos expuestos a los hidrocarburos. Los datos obtenidos indican que existe mayor presencia de COV en las zonas ubicadas en la cercanía de las fuentes puntuales de emisión y por ende con mayor exposición a factores tóxicos. Con este trabajo se plantea un procedimiento sencillo para establecer las zonas vulnerables a riesgos tecnológicos dentro del área urbana por presencia de BTEX, utilizando para ello la tecnología SIG que permite realizar un análisis espacial de las emisiones de benceno a la atmósfera. Estos resultados quedarán al servicio de los organismos involucrados en la toma de decisiones. En México no existe una legislación clara que proteja a los habitantes de las cercanías de las estaciones de servicio, por lo tanto se deben desarrollar programas para disminuir el impacto en la población a nivel ambiental, sanitario y social.

DESFLUORETAÇÃO PARCIAL DE ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS POR ADSORÇÃO/PRECIPITAÇÃO POR CONTATO EM MICROCOLUNAS DE FILTRAÇÃO

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Keiti Oliveira Alessio

2014-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, em microescala, o processo de adsorção/precipitação por contato, em carvão ativado, para a remoção do excesso de íons fluoreto de águas subterrâneas. Para isso foram montadas microcolunas de desfluoretação com diâmetro de 2,3 cm e altura de 10 cm, contendo 27 g de carvão ativado de osso. A vazão do sistema foi controlada por uma bomba peristáltica, e a concentração de íons fluoreto no efluente da coluna foi monitorada continuamente. No instante em que ocorre a saturação do meio adsorvente foram adicionadas soluções de sais de cálcio e fósforo na entrada da coluna, iniciando o processo de precipitação por contato. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a eficiência do carvão ativado de osso na remoção do excesso de íons fluoretos, bem como comprovaram que o processo de precipitação por contato aumenta significativamente a vida útil dos sistemas de filtração, mantendo o nível de íons fluoretos dentro do limite estabelecido pela portaria n° 2914 do Ministério da Saúde (1,5 mgL-1.

Vulnerabilidad de las mujeres migrantes en el cruce clandestino por Tamaulipas-Texas

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Teresa Elizabeth CUEVA-LUNA

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las mujeres que transitan de forma clandestina por las rutas terrestres conformadas históricamente por trabajadores masculinos que cruzan México hacia Estados Unidos, se exponen a numerosos riesgos. El objetivo de este documento es analizar desde una perspectiva de género tanto las amenazas que se concretan en riesgos específicos, como los recursos empleados por las mujeres estudiadas para continuar su recorrido y que constituyen factores de protección ante lo estresante del viaje. Como estudio exploratorio de corte cualitativo, se basa en los casos de 26 mujeres transitando por la frontera noreste de México. Entre los principales resultados destaca que a pesar de que sus recursos se van agotando durante el viaje y que algunas situaciones pueden incluso volverse en su contra, ellas se valen de sus recursos humanos, es decir, de sus habilidades y capacidades personales y apoyándose en sus creencias religiosas afrontan las crisis del camino y siguen adelante.

Rabia transmitida por murciélagos en Brasil

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Willian Oliveira Fahl

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Frente al desafío que la rabia representa para la industria pecuaria y la salud pública en América Latina, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de literatura amplia y crítica sobre la epidemiología de la rabia transmitida por murciélagos en Brasil. El tema es abordado inicialmente desde una perspectiva histórica hasta la caracterización molecular de aislamientos del virus, para finalmente contrastar con la situación de otros países de las Américas. La información referente a Brasil es presentada de manera separada debido a la gran abundancia de especies de murciélagos de diversos hábitos alimenticios, implicadas en la transmisión del virus de la rabia y las complejas relaciones entre los ciclos epidemiológicos revelados por estudios de tipificación antigénica y análisis filogenético, lo  cual ha permitido reconocer con más nitidez, la importancia de los quirópteros como reservorios y transmisores de esta enfermedad.  Este nuevo escenario epidemiológico exige reexaminar las medidas de control aplicadas hasta el momento, desde un abordaje multidisciplinar, así como cooperación intersectorial y participación por parte de la comunidad.

Vivencias psicosociales reveladas por niños que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer Vivências psicossociais de crianças com tratamento de quimioterapia por câncer Psychosocial experiences of children receiving chemotherapy for cancer

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BLANCA CECILIA VANEGAS DE AHOGADO

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el propósito de descubrir las vivencias psicosociales de niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años que recibían tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante encuentros lúdicos con el apoyo de algunas preguntas básicas que facilitaron las revelaciones narrativas. Tres aspectos se destacan en los hallazgos del estudio: vivencias desfavorables, vivencias relacionadas con la autoestima y vivencias favorables; las dos primeras, de diversa manera, afectan en estos niños su vida personal, familiar, escolar y, en general, todo su entorno. Es de resaltar que, como consecuencia de la caída del cabello, con frecuencia han sido objeto de burla y de rechazo por sus compañeros de estudio, lo que produce el más notorio efecto sobre su autoimagen; por otra parte, el ausentismo escolar conlleva dificultades académicas y sentimientos de tristeza en estos niños, situación que empeora cuando, por motivos de tratamiento, su lugar de residencia está alejado de la ciudad, viéndose sometidos a largos periodos de separación, no solo de su familia sino de sus pares. Se concluye que la mayor parte de las revelaciones son impactantes por su gran contenido de sufrimiento y dolor para estos niños, lo que demuestra la urgencia de retomar los hallazgos del estudio para orientar el cuidado de enfermería de manera más integral y apoyar para que se haga lo propio en el hogar y en las instituciones educativas.O presente trabalho corresponde à elaboração de um estudo qualitativo que visa descobrir as vivências psicossociais de crianças entre 9 e 12 anos sendo tratadas com quimioterapia por câncer. A informação foi compilada através de encontros lúdicos suportados por algumas perguntas básicas que facilitaram as revelações narrativas. Entre os achados do estudo destacam-se três aspectos: vivencias desfavoráveis, vivências relacionadas com a autoestima e vivências favor

Vivencias psicosociales reveladas por niños que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer Psychosocial experiences of children receiving chemotherapy for cancer Vivências psicossociais de crianças com tratamento de quimioterapia por câncer

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RIVERA ZABALA JOHANNA MARCELA

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el propósito de descubrir las vivencias psicosociales de niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años que recibían tratamiento con quimioterapia por cáncer. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante encuentros lúdicos con el apoyo de algunas preguntas básicas que facilitaron las revelaciones narrativas. Tres aspectos se destacan en los hallazgos del estudio: vivencias desfavorables, vivencias relacionadas con la autoestima y vivencias favorables; las dos primeras, de diversa manera, afectan en estos niños su vida personal, familiar, escolar y, en general, todo su entorno. Es de resaltar que, como consecuencia de la caída del cabello, con frecuencia han sido objeto de burla y de rechazo por sus compañeros de estudio, lo que produce el más notorio efecto sobre su autoimagen; por otra parte, el ausentismo escolar conlleva dificultades académicas y sentimientos de tristeza en estos niños, situación que empeora cuando, por motivos de tratamiento, su lugar de residencia está alejado de la ciudad, viéndose sometidos a largos periodos de separación, no solo de su familia sino de sus pares. Se concluye que la mayor parte de las revelaciones son impactantes por su gran contenido de sufrimiento y dolor para estos niños, lo que demuestra la urgencia de retomar los hallazgos del estudio para orientar el cuidado de enfermería de manera más integral y apoyar para que se haga lo propio en el hogar y en las instituciones educativas.A qualitative study was carried out in order to discover psychosocial experiences of boys and girls receiving chemotherapy treatment for cancer. Information was collected through ludic encounters with the support of some basic questions to facilitate narrative disclosures. Three aspects stand out among findings in the study: unfavorable experiences, experiences related to self esteem and favorable experiences; the first two, in different ways, affect boys and girls’ personal

INSATISFACCIÓN POR LA IMAGEN CORPORAL Y LA BAJA AUTOESTIMA POR LA APARIENCIA FÍSICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES DEL ESTADO MERIDA VENEZUELA

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Pedro López Atencio

2008-07-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tuvo como propósito central evaluar la insatisfacción por la imagen corporal y su relación con la baja autoestima por la apariencia física en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Los Andes en Mérida Venezuela. El estudio fue de tipo no experimental correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 189 estudiantes, 27% masculino y 73% femenino, con una edad promedio de 19,58 años ± 1,57 (varones 19,81 años ± 1,74 y para las mujeres 20,24 años ± 1,76. Los participantes fueron seleccionados de los cursos del primer año de las carreras de: medicina, enfermería y nutrición, los cuales fueron seleccionados de forma intencional. El instrumento empleado para determinar la Insatisfacción por la Imagen Corporal fue el Body Shape Questionnaire (Cooper y Taylor, 1987. El método de Graffar Modificado fue utilizado para determinar el estrato socioeconómico de los participantes (Méndez y De Méndez, 1994. A los datos se les aplicó el análisis descriptivo (frecuencia, porcentajes, media e inferencial (ANOVA de un solo factor a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 9.0. Entre los principales hallazgos en el estudio se pudo determinar una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, la baja autoestima por la apariencia física con el género χ2 (2, N= 189 = 9,686, p=0,008. A través de ANOVA se pudo determinar que las diferencias en las medias para los niveles de insatisfacción y baja autoestima con la imagen corporal y el género son estadísticamente significativas, F=11,236; p=0,008, F=10,23; p=0,002 respectivamente. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos permiten sugerir sobre la relación que existe entre la insatisfacción y la baja autoestima por la apariencia física, existiendo un rechazo por la propia imagen corporal causada por la percepción distorsionada o no de la misma, lo que podría afectar la autoestima por la

MÉTODO MATRICIAL FHER EN UN SISTEMA DE COSTOS POR PROCESOS, O EN LÍNEA

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Fernando Villarreal Vásquez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación centra su atención en el diseño de una herramienta de costos que permite manipular y entregar resultados de los costos por procesos o en línea en una matriz de manera sencilla y entendible, esta matriz ha sido desarrollada y probada por los autores del artículo,  con estudiantes  de contaduría pública en varias mypimes  y ha demostrado su facilidad para que el estudiante comprenda y el empresario lo manipule dentro de su información financiera. El método matricial  FHER (forma horizontal de establecer resultados en un sistema de costos por  procesos, es una forma metodológica innovadora y fácil  de realizar el cálculo de los costos unitarios por producto, en el sistema de costos por procesos o en línea.   Este modelo  matricial, facilita a los estudiantes el aprendizaje de los costos por proceso o en línea, pues las matrices tradicionales muestran el modelo por proceso de manera compleja.

Cine y publicidad. Análisis de seis anuncios publicitarios realizados por directores de cine

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Caballero Álvarez, Fernando

2015-01-01

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo de estudio analizar los trabajos llevados a cabo por diversos directores de cine de este país a marcas en un periodo de crisis en el que apuestan por trabajos de mayor calidad. Buscaremos aquellos elementos que diferencian a estos anuncios de cualquier otro no firmado por un director de cine y cuál podría ser el objetivo que buscan las marcas al apostar por ellos. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas

Número de anteras por flor, grãos de pólen por antera e capacidade germinativa do pólen de diferentes cultivares de macieiras

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Celso Lopes de Albuquerque Junior

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o número de anteras por flor, grãos de pólen por antera e capacidade germinativa do pólen de diferentes cultivares de macieiras. O trabalho foi executado no Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, e as coletas a campo foram realizadas na Epagri/Estação Experimental de Caçador-SC, em outubro de 2005. Foram utilizadas as seguintes cultivares comerciais de macieira desenvolvidas no Brasil: Primícia, Princesa, Fred Hough, Catarina, Baronesa, Lisgala, Suprema, Condessa, Daiane, Duquesa, Imperatriz e Joaquina. As cultivares de macieira Condessa, Princesa, Eva, Duquesa, Imperatriz, Gala, Fred Hough, Daiane, Baronesa e Suprema produzem pólen em quantidade suficiente e com boa capacidade germinativa. A cv. Condessa, embora apresente alta capacidade germinativa de pólen, produz menos anteras e grãos de pólen por antera que as demais. A cv. Princesa é a que apresenta o melhor perfil como polinizadora, por conjugar número de anteras/flor, número de grãos de pólen/antera e capacidade germinativa do pólen mais satisfatórios.

Enfoque por competencias, ¿una respuesta al fracaso escolar?

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Philippe Perrenooud

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Son tiempos de reflexión sobre las competencias. Queda mucho por investigar acerca de sus posibilidades pero es cierto que, desde el punto de vista teórico, el enfoque por competencias se presenta como potente al complementar una pedagogía que, tradicionalmente, se ha centrado en las disciplinas y en los saberes. Pero también este enfoque aparece fuerte en el campo de la formación en la medida en que viene vinculado a las prácticas sociales y educativas, al trabajo pedagógico de los problemas educativos en las diferentes situaciones, a los proyectos que los educadores desean materializar en sus lugares de trabajo. Están por demostrar las expectativas puestas en el enfoque por competencias y este texto trata de pensar toda una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con su puesta en marcha en los contextos formativos.---------------------------------------------------------------------These are times for reflection on skills. There is much left to investigate on their possibilities but it is true that, from the theoretical point of view, the skill approach appears to be powerful by complementing a pedagogy which, tradicionally, has focused on the knowledge and disciplines. But this approach appears strongly in the training field as it is linked to the social and educational practices, to the pedagogic work on educative problems, to the different situations, to the project that teachers wish to materialize in the labor places. Still to be demonstrated are the expectations on the skills approach, and this text tries to think on a series of matters related with its set in motion in the learning contexts.

Producción de energía por combustión de basuras en Bogotá

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Abel Morales Gilede

1984-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene por objeto hacer un avalúo de la posibilidad de producir energía por medio de la incineración de las basuras provenientes de la ciudad de Bogotá. El estudio se desarrolló con base en la información existente. Elaborada especialmente por EDIS. Por contratos realizados por esta entidad con diferentes compañías y con la colaboración del Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas y complementada por los Laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional. Con base en estos estudios se obtuvo la siguiente información: - Producción total de basuras por zonas. - Características físicas y químicas de las basuras. - Poder calorífico de las basuras. De acuerdo con la anterior información se procedió a calcular la capacidad de generación eléctrica que se obtendría al quemar estas basuras.

Ocho Ciclos de Selección Masal Divergente por Mazorcas por Planta en una Variedad Sintética de Maíz

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Torregroza C. Manuel

1974-08-01

Full Text Available Para evaluar la selección masal, como método de mejoramiento genético de maíz, se inició en Tibaitatá a partir de 1956 una serie de proyectos, cuyo objetivo fundamental ha sido el de utilizar dicho método para obtener variedades mejoradas prolíficas y de alta productividad. En 1960 comenzó a aplicarse un sistema divergente de selección masal por mazorcas por planta en Harinoso Mosquera I Sin. 2, una variedad sintética de maíz obtenida del primer ciclo de selección recurrente reciproca, en la cual el otro recurso germoplásmico era Rocamex V 7. Los ocho ciclos de selección analizados en este estudio se obtuvieron en sendos lotes aislados de aproximadamente un cuarto de hectárea. Las siembras se hacían en tal forma que se dejaba una población equivalente a 40 mil plantas por hectárea, así como también se aplicaba una Intensidad de selección del 15 por ciento. No se usó estratificación en el momento de la cosecha. Los ciclos de selección masal divergente obtenidos, se evaluaron en Tibaitatá durante tres años así: de 1968 a 1967, los ciclos 2, 3, 4 y 5; de 1968 a 1970 los ciclos 5, 6, 7 y 8. Para ello, el material se sembró en bloques completos al azar de 16 repeticiones y nueve tratamientos. En todos los experimentos se utilizó la variedad original, como testigo. El tamaño de las parcelas experimentales fue de 2 x 10, para una población máxima de 60 plantas por parcela. En base al promedio de tres años de evaluación en una localidad, el octavo ciclo cie selección para plantas prolíficas mostró una ganancia total del 35 y 39 por ciento para productividad y prolificidad, respectivamente. Cuando estos resultados se expresaron en función de los coeficientes de regresión, los incrementos por ciclo de selección fueron en su orden de 5.93 y 3.43 por ciento. En la selección en sentido opuesto, es decir, en el sistema de escoger plantas con una sola mazorca, el octavo ciclo rindió igual que la variedad

Composición corporal por bioimpedancia en adolescentes jujeños

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Quispe, Yolanda

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Debido al aumento de prevalencia de obesidad en niños y adolescentes existe un interés creciente por la evaluación de la composición corporal por distintos métodos. Uno de los más utilizados por su inocuidad, bajo costo y dificultad técnica y alta precisión y reproducibilidad es la bioimpedancia eléctrica (BI. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar por BI el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG y de masa libre de grasa (%MLG en adolescentes jujeños. Los datos provinieron de 272 estudiantes (157 mujeres y 115 varones de 12 a 16 años de edad asistentes a una escuela de un barrio periférico de San Salvador de Jujuy. La BI se midió con un analizador BF-905 (Maltron, 50kHZ y configuración tetrapolar. Las diferencias entre sexos y edades se establecieron con ANOVA. Se constataron las diferencias intersexuales esperadas, siendo el %MLG en varones mayor que en mujeres, lo contrario sucede con el %MG. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativa por edad en ambos compartimentos en mujeres, mientras que en hombres la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa entre 14 y 16 años. El %MG promedio en varones de 12 a 16 años fue el siguiente: 16.4, 15.1, 12.4, 14.2, 19.2. En mujeres fue: 22.6, 26.7, 27.1, 26.5, 29.9. No existen antecedentes de estudios similares en poblaciones de adolescentes jujeños. Generalmente se evalúa el peso corporal sin considerar sus compartimentos, modificables por factores ambientales (altura geográfica, nutrición, etc. y biológicos (étnicos, edad, sexo, etc.. La BI posibilitaría estimar fácilmente la variación intra e interpoblacional de la composición corporal y su relación con estos factores en las poblaciones jujeñas.

Por que rir da Filosofia Política?: Abertura

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Lessa Renato

1998-01-01

Full Text Available As diferentes intervenções que compuseram este debate têm como referência comum uma reflexão sobre os lugares da Filosofia Política na tradição disciplinar que designamos como Ciência Política. Recusando a perspectiva que dissocia a Filosofia Política da dimensão empiricamente orientada da disciplina, os argumentos apresentados destacam o papel de fertilização de formas de vida cumprido pela primeira. A agenda dos pesquisadores devotados à boa faina da investigação empírica foi, e segue sendo, em grande medida definida e configurada por exercícios prévios de invenção social e política e por decisões de ordem ontológica, epistemológica e retórica. Neste sentido, a distinção entre ciência e filosofia é, além de obscurantista e marcada por enorme otimismo epistemológico, sintoma de um desconhecimento forte com relação à história do conhecimento político.

Comparación de la educación por pares y por profesionales de la salud para mejorar el conocimiento, percepción y la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes

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Sixto Sánchez C

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Comparar la educación por pares frente a la educación por profesionales de a consultorios de planificación familiar de dos hospitales de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Estudio experimental simple ciego realizado en 1998 en los consultorios de planificación familiar del Hospital Dos de Mayo y el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima, Perú. Después del consentimiento, se asignó aleatoriamente a 206 adolescentes consideradas de riesgo a una de las dos intervenciones educativas y luego fueron invitadas a regresar al final del tercer mes para reevaluar sus conocimientos, actitudes y conducta sexual de riesgo. Se usó la prueba de los signos, Mann Whitney y análisis de Covarianza para comparar los puntajes de los cuestionarios de conocimiento, percepción de riesgo y conducta sexual de riesgo después de la intervención educativa. Resultados: 89 (84% de 106 adolescentes asignadas al grupo de educación por pares y 70 (70% de las 100 asignadas al grupo de educación por profesionales de la salud (p=0,02 regresaron a la evaluación postintervención. El mejoramiento del nivel de conocimiento fue significativamente mayor (p=0,047 en el grupo de educación por pares que en el grupo capacitado por profesionales de la salud; sin embargo, esta significancia disminuyó (p=0,07 cuando se usó análisis de covarianza para controlar el puntaje obtenido antes de la intervención. El mejoramiento de la percepción y conductas de riesgo fue mayor en el grupo de pares pero esta diferencia no fue significativa. Conclusiones: La educación por pares demostró ser más efectiva en mejorar los conocimientos en las adolescentes y el seguimiento fue mejor en este grupo por lo que debe ser promovida como una estrategia para disminuir la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en esta población.

Infección por Clostridium tetani: sospecharla para diagnosticarla

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Mónica Ríos Prego

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La infección por Clostridium tetani es una patología con un amplio periodo de incubación, que posee diversos modos de presentación clínica. Este hecho, junto con la baja incidencia de esta infección en los países industrializados , así como no poseer una técnica diagnóstica precisa que podamos obtener en un corto período de tiempo, dificultan el diagnóstico. Por tanto, es importante no olvidarnos de esta patología ante un paciente con espasmos musculares y ausencia o historia incompleta de vacunación.

Por uma nova concepção de universal

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Oswaldo França Neto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A civilização ocidental baseia-se na concepção de um universal que faça corpo único de todos os elementos, o que só se mostrou possível por meio da produção de restos inassimiláveis, e a consequente tentativa de eliminá-los por meio de perseguições ou terror. Fazendo uso do objeto a de Lacan, do personagem Bartleby de Melville e de considerações de autores como Viveiros de Castro, Agamben e Badiou, este texto se propõe a explorar outras possíveis formas de se pensar a universalidade.

Queratitis causada por Paecilomyces lilacinus. Reporte de un caso

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Alejandro del Castillo Ruiz

2016-01-01

Conclusiones: La queratitis micótica es una infección corneal muy seria, de evolución tórpida, que puede causar ceguera. Comúnmente se desarrolla en pacientes después de un trauma o en aquellos con una superficie corneal comprometida. Voriconazol se ha referido como un fármaco útil para el tratamiento de úlceras corneales causadas por Paecilomyces lilacinus con muy buena penetración a estroma, acuoso y vítreo por vía oral y tópica. Un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos fueron esenciales en este caso de queratitis micótica para su resolución.

Mortalidade por causas relacionadas ao aborto no Brasil: declínio e desigualdades espaciais

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Bruno Gil de Carvalho Lima

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Além de constituir causa freqüente de internamentos obstétricos em países pobres, o aborto representa a incapacidade do sistema público de saúde de prover informação suficiente sobre métodos contraceptivos para prevenir gestações em vez de interrompê-las. No Brasil, as altas taxas de utilização de serviços de saúde por abortamentos refletem as dificuldades persistentes de contracepção e planejamento familiar. Além disso, a mortalidade por aborto serve como indicador da qualidade dos procedimentos abortivos, um ponto importante num país onde tal prática é ilegal e, portanto, clandestinamente realizada. No presente estudo, analisamos as taxas de mortalidade por causas relacionadas ao aborto entre mulheres de 10 a 54 anos de idade, incluindo aquelas que morreram por abortamentos espontâneos e provocados, de 1980 a 1995, segundo região de residência. As informações utilizadas foram obtidas do banco de dados sobre mortalidade do Sistema Único de Saúde --Ministério da Saúde. Dados sobre população foram obtidos junto à Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Estudaram-se 2 602 óbitos. Do total de óbitos, 15% foram devidos a aborto retido, aborto espontâneo e aborto induzido com indicação legalmente admitida. Oitenta e cinco por cento dos óbitos foram causados por aborto induzido sem indicação legalmente admitida e por aborto sem causa especificada. Os coeficientes de mortalidade por causas relacionadas ao aborto têm decrescido continuamente no Brasil, mas tais avanços têm-se distribuído desigualmente no país. A região que apresentou a menor queda na taxa (38% em 15 anos foi o Nordeste. As mulheres que morreram por aborto tiveram uma média de idade decrescente no período estudado.

Sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres submetidas a tratamento para Papillomavirus Humano Sentimientos vivenciados por mujeres sometidas a Tratamiento para el Papillomavirus Humano Feelings experienced by women submitted to a treatment for Human Papillomavirus

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Ana Luiza Santos de Carvalho

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A carência de informações sobre o papillomavirus humano pode gerar idéias errôneas sobre o tratamento, o que interfere no contexto sócio-familiar da mulher. Com o objetivo de conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres submetidas a tratamento de lesões por papillomavirus humano, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória com 12 mulheres, baseada na obtenção e análise de depoimentos por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. As informações foram analisadas de acordo com a literatura e dispostas em duas temáticas: Reações emocionais e Repercussões no relacionamento. Conclui-se que a mulher que está sendo submetida a tratamento de lesões por papillomavirus humano necessita de cuidados, por parte dos enfermeiros, como forma de melhor enfrentar esse período a qual está vivenciando.La carencia de informaciones sobre el papillomavirus humano puede generar ideas erradas sobre el tratamiento, lo que interfiere en el contexto social y familiar de la mujer. Con el objetivo de conocer los sentimientos vividos por mujeres sometidas a tratamiento de lesiones por papillomavirus humanos, fue realizada una investigación cualitativa de naturaleza exploratoria con 12 mujeres, basada en la obtención y análisis de deposiciones por medio de entrevistas medio-estructurada. Las informaciones fueran analizadas conforme con la literatura y dispuestas en dos temáticas: Reacciones emocionales y Repercusiones en el reracionamiento. Concluyese que la mujer que esta siendo sometida al tratamiento de lesiones por papillomavirus humano necesita de cuidados, por parte de los enfermeros, como forma de mejor enfrentar ese periodo el cual esta viviendo.The lack of information on the papillomavirus human can generate misconception on the treatment interfering in the familiar and social context of the woman. With the purpose to know the feelings experienced by women submitted to treatment of lesions by human papillomavirus, was carried

Desenvolvimento de um sensor de campo eletrico alternado com transmissão por fibra-optica

OpenAIRE

Swinka Filho, Vitoldo

1996-01-01

Orientador: Rene Robert Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana Resumo: Neste trabalho e mostrado o desenvolvimento de um sensor de campo elétrico que utiliza o principio da carga induzida por campo elétrico alternado em superfícies condutoras. O sensor e composto por duas semi-esferas de alumínio isoladas eletricamente e possui um circuito eletrônico incorporado alimentado por baterias, e um sistema de transmissão por fibraoptica ligado a uma unidade remota para leitura...

Ingeniería dirigida por modelos y calidad de software

OpenAIRE

Ruiz-Rube, Iván

2014-01-01

La gestión de la calidad del software tiene por objetivo planificar, asegurar, controlar y mejorar la calidad del software que se desarrolla o se mantiene. Sin embargo, suele ser habitual que no se le dediquen los esfuerzos y recursos necesarios para su puesta en marcha, aludiendo a que las actividades de gestión de la calidad no conducen a producir software. Por este motivo, es importante investigar nuevas maneras de llevar a cabo actividades de calidad, con el menor esfuerzo posible. En...

¿Por qué no leemos?: Propuestas didácticas

OpenAIRE

Fragero Guerra, Carmen

2014-01-01

Reflexión y propuesta didáctica sobre la lectura. El texto está dirigido a los estudiantes de Grado de magisterio para que reflexionen sobre su competencia literaria y comprensión lectora. Solo si ellos han reflexionado previamente sobre sus problemas como lectores de obras literarias y los han resuelto, motivarán a sus futuros alumnos. Por un lado, enumero la carencia de habilidades y conocimientos del “no lector”, por otro, sugiero posibles soluciones a estas deficiencias. Finalmente pro...

Reporte de insuficiencia renal producida por Leptospira Interrogans Serovar Pomona en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fortunato Ospino

1988-06-01

Full Text Available Se describe la presentación de un caso de leptospirosis producida por L. pomona en un paciente de 20 años de edad, trabajadora habitual en un molino de arroz y caracterizado por un síndrome de insuficiencia renal y hepática. El cuadro clínico consistió principalmente en malestar general, anorexia, vómito, fiebre, diarrea, ictericia y hemorragias subconjuntivales. Los exámenes de laboratorio mostraron alteraciones, en los niveles de nitrógeno ureico, creatinina, depuración de creatinina, concentración de cloro, fosfatasa alcalina y bilirrubina directa lo cual podría indicar un daño en el funcionamiento hepático y renal. Las alteraciones en la velocidad de sedimentación, hemoglobina, hematocrito y leucocitos (Tabla 1 explican la anemia e infección ocasionada por la L. pomona en la paciente. El diagnóstico de leptospirosis fue confirmado por el aislamiento del microorganismo de la orina a pesar de no haber detectado anticuerpos en el suero de la paciente. Se pone en evidencia la necesidad de realizar siempre el diagnóstico diferencial con leptospirosis en todo síndrome hepatorrenal, especialmente en los casos con antecedentes epidemiológicos o que por la sintomatología clínica se sospeche la infección.