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Sample records for poppy argemone mexicana

  1. Risks of herbalism: a case report of Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana L induced liver toxicity

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    Carlos Alfredo Meléndez González

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available The increasing consumption of alternative medicines has lead to a greater awareness about the deleterious effects and interactions that these products can induce. Consequently, medical literature reports liver toxicity from Aloe, Camellia sinensis (green tea, Rhammus purshianus, Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye and Valeriana officinalis (valerian, among others. This article reports a female patient who twice consumed Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana L with a one-year interval between ingestions. Both times she developed diarrhea, jaundice and general malaise with impaired liver function tests. Other causes of liver disease were ruled out. Questionnaires were used to assess the possibility of drug-induced liver damage. Clinical information was collected from the patient’s medical record and the literature on the subject was reviewed. We conclude that, at least in this case, the most likely cause of liver toxicity was Argemone mexicana L consumption.

  2. Production of both esters and biogas from Mexican poppy | Singh ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This paper details a dynamic evaluation of a procedure for extracting both, ester and biogas from seeds and waste of Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana) using simple and inexpensive technique. Results showed that A. mexicana seed contains 30% oil. Through the process of transestrification, oil extracted from seed, ...

  3. HPLC-DAD DETERMINATION OF BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE AND SANGUINARINE IN THE MEXICAN PRICKLY POPPY (Argemone mexicana L. PAPAVERACEAE, A MEDICINAL PLANT

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    Jorge F. Xool-Tamayo

    Full Text Available A sensitive, simple, rapid and reliable HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA's content in Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae is presented. This method allows the simultaneous separation and quantitation of berberine (Bn, chelerythrine (C and sanguinarine (S in extracts from A. mexicana tissues, reducing time of analysis in comparison to previous reports. Alkaloids were separated on a C18 Hypersil Gold column using an acetonitrile gradient (20 to 70% in 1% acetic acid in water. Alkaloids were identified based on retention times and UV spectra and quantified at 254 nm. Linearity between 0.5-20 µg mL-1 was observed for Bn, C and S, with limits of detection (LOD and quantitation (LOQ of 0.11 and 0.33 for Bn, 0.10 and 0.30 for C and 0.05 and 0.15 for S, respectively. Maximal intra- and inter-day variation values were < 0.49% in all cases, with alkaloids' recoveries higher than 95%. System suitability tests (SST, including resolution (Rs, retention factor (K', selectivity (α, tailing factor and number of theoretical plates were performed according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP, fulfilling recommended values. The method proved to be efficient and reproducible when analyzing different tissues of field-collected A. mexicana plants.

  4. Effect of Argemone mexicana active principles on inhibiting viral multiplication and stimulating immune system in Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot syndrome virus.

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    Palanikumar, Pandi; Daffni Benitta, Dani Joel; Lelin, Chinnadurai; Thirumalaikumar, Eswaramoorthy; Michaelbabu, Mariavincent; Citarasu, Thavasimuthu

    2018-04-01

    Argemone mexicana called as Mexican prickly poppy is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world with broad range of bioactivities including anthelmintic, cures lepsory, skin-diseases, inflammations and bilious fevers. Plant parts of A. mexicana were serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and performed antiviral and immunostimulant screening against WSSV and Vibrio harveyi respectively. The control groups succumbed to death 100% within three days, whereas the mortality was significantly (P shrimp group respectively. The same trend was reflected in the immunostimulant screening also. Different diets were prepared by the concentrations of 100 (AD-1), 200 (AD-2), 300 (AD-3) and 400 (AD-4) mg kg -1 using A. mexicana stem and root ethyl acetate extracts and fed to Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei weighed about 9.0 ± 0.5 g for 30 days. The control groups fed with the normal diets devoid of A. mexicana extracts. The antiviral screening results revealed that, the ethyl acetate extract of the stem and root were effectively suppressed the WSSV and it reflected in the lowest cumulative mortality of treated shrimps. After termination of feeding trials, group of shrimps from control and each experimental group were challenged with virulent WSSV by intramuscular (IM) injection and studied cumulative mortality, molecular diagnosis by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters. Control group succumbed to 100% death within four days, whereas the survival was significantly (P shrimp groups respectively. qRT PCR results with positive correlation analysis revealed that, the WSSV copies were gradually decreased when increasing the A. mexicana extracts in the diets. The highest concentrations (300 and 400 mg g -1 ) of A. mexicana extracts in the diets helped to reduce the protein level significantly (P < 0.05) after WSSV challenge. The diets

  5. Yellow colored blooms of Argemone mexicana and Turnera ulmifolia mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and study of their antibacterial and antioxidant activity

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    Chandrasekhar, N.; Vinay, S. P.

    2017-11-01

    In the present work, AgNPs were prepared using a simple bio-reduction method. This is ecologically welcoming and cost-effective method. Yellow colored blooms concentrate of Argemone mexicana and Turnera ulmifolia are used as bio reducing agents in the study. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and characterization of the nanoparticles was done by FTIR, SEM, XRD and EDX. The Antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles was tested against Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes. The phytochemical analysis of the blooms concentrate has shown the existence of saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. In vitro anti-oxidant action of both A. mexicana and T. ulmifolia AgNPs were studied by DPPH assay and reducing power assay.

  6. Investigation of adsorption of Rhodamine B onto a natural adsorbent Argemone mexicana.

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    Khamparia, Shraddha; Jaspal, Dipika

    2016-12-01

    The present study aims at exploring the potential of the seeds of a tropical weed, Argemone mexicana (AM), for the removal of a toxic xanthene textile dye, Rhodamine B (RHB), from waste water. Impact of pH, adsorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and dye concentration have been assessed during adsorption. The weed has been well characterized by several latest techniques thereby providing an indepth information of the mechanism during adsorption. About 80% removal has been attained with 0.06 g of adsorbent over the studied system. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies, followed by second order kinetic model, directed towards the endothermic nature of adsorption. The results obtained from batch experiments were modelled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and were analysed on the basis of R 2 and six error functions for selection of appropriate model. Langmuir isotherm was found to be best fitted to the experimental data with high values of R 2 and lower values of error functions. Adsorption study revealed the affinity of AM seeds for the dye ions present in waste water, introducing a novel adsorbent in field of waste water treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. The rules of drug taking: wine and poppy derivatives in the ancient world. VII. A ritual use of poppy derivatives?

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    Nencini, P

    1997-08-01

    Besides fertility, poppies have been used to symbolize sleep, night, and death. Consistent with the agrarian origin of their ritual use, poppies also became a symbol of reincarnation. Several literary and iconographic sources, in particular of the early Roman imperial age, are here interpreted as evidence that poppy derivatives were ingested during mystery rites. The reversible narcotic effects of poppy derivatives should have allowed a "realistic" representation of death and reincarnation, as intended by the Orphic belief of the transmigration of souls.

  8. Opium poppy monitoring with remote sensing in North Myanmar.

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    Tian, Yichen; Wu, Bingfang; Zhang, Lei; Li, Qiangzi; Jia, Kun; Wen, Meiping

    2011-07-01

    Myanmar has long been a focus of the international community as a major opium poppy cultivation region. This study used remote sensing technology and ground verification to monitor opium poppy cultivation for three opium poppy growth seasons in North Myanmar. The study found that opium poppy cultivation has remained high. In 2005-6, 2006-7 and 2007-8 growing seasons the total areas monitored were 52,482 km(2), 178,274 km(2) and 236,342 km(2) and the total cultivated area of opium poppy was 8959 ha, 18,606 ha and 22,300, respectively. This was significantly less than cultivation levels reported during the 1990s. The major cultivation regions were located in Shan State, producing 88% of total poppy cultivation in North Myanmar in 2007-8. The opium poppy was mainly cultivated in the interlocking regions controlled by the local armed forces in Shan State. The field survey noted that most households in this area were poor and poppy cultivation was a main source of income. There were also differences between our figures on poppy cultivation and those reported by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Our study shows that although the opium poppy cultivation in North Myanmar has reduced over recent years, it remains a major producer of opium and to which the international community needs to pay attention, especially in those areas controlled by local armed forces. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINAL USAGE OF FLORA OF GREATER CHOLISTAN DESERT (PAKISTAN

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    FRAZ M. KHAN

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available A study on the ethno-veterinary usage of wild medicinal plants of Greater Cholistan desert of Pakistan was conducted from January, 2007 to December, 2008. Information regarding 35 plant species was collected. According to the results, Blepharis sindica was used as galactagogue. Butea monosperma, Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus nirurii were used as emollient, demulcent and antiphlogistic. Amaranthus trilocular, Capparis decidua, Clerodendron phlomoides, Phyllanthus nirurii and Ricinus communis were used as carminative and stomachic. Capparis decidua and Calotropis procera were used as appetizer. Prosopis glandulosa had anodyne properties, Achyranthes aspera had antilithic, while Pedalium murex, Tribulus terrestris and Barleria prionites had diuretic value. Achyranthes aspera, Argemone mexicana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Butea monosperma, Cassia senna, Citrullus colocynthis and Vitex negundo were used as vermifuge. Alhagi camelorum and Balanites aegyptiaca had aperient properties. Barleria prionites and Mollugo nudicaulis had their role in the ripening of an abscess. Ricinus communis and Salvadora oleoides aided in the removal of placenta and lochia. Anamitra cocculus and Argemone mexicana were used as febrifuge. Aerva javanica, Ailanthus excelsa, Amaranthus trilocular, Capparis decidua were used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Argemone mexicana and Ailanthus excelsa were used in ague.

  10. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

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    Beaudoin, Guillaume A W; Facchini, Peter J

    2014-07-01

    Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is one of the world's oldest medicinal plants and remains the only commercial source for the narcotic analgesics morphine, codeine and semi-synthetic derivatives such as oxycodone and naltrexone. The plant also produces several other benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with potent pharmacological properties including the vasodilator papaverine, the cough suppressant and potential anticancer drug noscapine and the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. Opium poppy has served as a model system to investigate the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in plants. The application of biochemical and functional genomics has resulted in a recent surge in the discovery of biosynthetic genes involved in the formation of major benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in opium poppy. The availability of extensive biochemical genetic tools and information pertaining to benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism is facilitating the study of a wide range of phenomena including the structural biology of novel catalysts, the genomic organization of biosynthetic genes, the cellular and sub-cellular localization of biosynthetic enzymes and a variety of biotechnological applications. In this review, we highlight recent developments and summarize the frontiers of knowledge regarding the biochemistry, cellular biology and biotechnology of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

  11. The Effect of Storage on Some Properties of 3 Different Ground Poppy Seed Fats

    OpenAIRE

    Maden, Besim; Yalçın, Seda

    2017-01-01

    Thepoppy seed is a traditional product in Afyon. There are there type poppy seed. Theseare white poppy seed, yellow poppy seed and gray poppy seed. The objective of thisstudy is to investigate the effect of storage at 15-20⁰C for several times (0, 7,15, 30, 45 and 60 days) on some properties of 3 different poppy seed fats. In thisstudy, fats were obtained from white poppy seed (TMO1), yellow poppy seed (TMO2)and gray poppy seed (Afyon-95). Then free fatty acid amount (%), peroxide value(meq O...

  12. Opiates in poppy seed: effect on urinalysis results after consumption of poppy seed cake-filling.

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    Pettitt, B C; Dyszel, S M; Hood, L V

    1987-07-01

    We report the analysis of poppy seed filling for morphine and codeine content. Concentrations in the range 17.4 to 18.6 micrograms/g (morphine) and 2.3 to 2.5 micrograms/g (codeine) were found in different lots of the filling, which is widely used in baking. The effect of consumption of poppy seed filling on opiate urinalysis results is discussed. Morphine concentrations as high as 4.5 mg/L are reported, with persistence of concentrations greater than 0.3 mg/L as long as 35 h after consumption.

  13. [History of opium poppy and morphine].

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    Norn, Svend; Kruse, Poul R; Kruse, Edith

    2005-01-01

    Opium has been known for millennia to relieve pain and its use for surgical analgesia has been recorded for several centuries. The Sumerian clay tablet (about 2100 BC) is considered to be the world's oldest recorded list of medical prescriptions. It is believed by some scholars that the opium poppy is referred to on the tablet. Some objects from the ancient Greek Minoan culture may also suggest the knowledge of the poppy. A goddess from about 1500 BC shows her hair adorned probably with poppy-capsules and her closed eyes disclose sedation. Also juglets probably imitating the poppy-capsules were found in that period in both Cyprus and Egypt. The first authentic reference to the milky juice of the poppy we find by Theophrastus at the beginning of the third century BC. In the first century the opium poppy and opium was known by Dioscorides, Pliny and Celsus and later on by Galen. Celsus suggests the use of opium before surgery and Dioscorides recommended patients should take mandrake (contains scopolamine and atropine) mixed with wine, before limb amputation. The Arabic physicians used opium very extensively and about 1000 AD it was recommended by Avicenna especially in diarrhoea and diseases of the eye. Polypharmacy, including a mixture of nonsensical medications were often used. Fortunately for both patients and physicians many of the preparations contained opium. The goal was a panacea for all diseases. A famous and expensive panacea was theriaca containing up to sixty drugs including opium. Simplified preparations of opium such as tinctura opii were used up to about 2000 in Denmark. In the early 1800s sciences developed and Sertürner isolated morphine from opium and was the founder of alkaloid research. A more safe and standardized effect was obtained by the pure opium. Several morphine-like drugs have been synthesized to minimize adverse effects and abuse potential. Opioid receptors were identified and characterized in binding assays and their localization

  14. Poppy tea drinking in East Anglia.

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    London, M; O'Regan, T; Aust, P; Stockford, A

    1990-10-01

    Poppy tea drinking was a widespread traditional practice in the Fenlands of East Anglia during the nineteenth century. The subsequent social changes which led to greater integration of the area with the rest of the country may have contributed to a decline in the practice. In recent years poppy tea drinking has been revived within the illicit drug using community and a survey using a self-report questionnaire was carried out among patients attending the Cambridge Drug Dependency Unit. Forty-three patients admitted to drinking poppy tea, usually during the summer months and on an intermittent basis. The potency of the infusion varied and was unpredictable but in general was low. Although poisoning from herbicides and pesticides was seen as the main risk, it is in the main perceived by drug users as a harmless secondary activity existing alongside the more regular and more potent drugs of misuse.

  15. The protection of the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L. against poppy weevil (Stenocarus ruficornis Stephens by foliar application

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    Karel Sikora

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Poppy seed (Papaver somniferum L. is an annual autumn or spring plant. This crop is cultivated generally for seed which is used as a foodstuff in food processing industry. The biological efficacy of different tested active ingredients (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, aplha-cypermethrin, DE-225 and combination chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin on poppy weevil (Stenocarus ruficornis S. was evaluated in comparison with reference active ingredient (carbofuran used as a standard treatment. The active ingredients were applied against the mentioned pest once in the season and were used in doses which were similar to those used against stem weevils in winter oil seed rape. Reference active ingredient was used in the dose which was authorised in the Czech Republic as standard ones against the poppy weevil. All active ingredients revealed efficacy which was measured (as a size of injuries both on leaves and roots. Two trials were performed in 2001–2002 in which efficacy and selectivity were assessed.

  16. Inhibition of growth of Leishmania mexicana mexicana by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis during "in vitro" co-cultivation Inibição do crescimento de Leishmania mexicana mexicana por Leishmania mexicana amazonensis durante o co-cultivo "in vitro"

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    Raquel S. Pacheco

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available Inhibition of one Leishmania subspecies by exometabolites of another subspecies, a phenomenon not previously reported, is suggested by our recent observations in cell cloning experiments with Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Clones were identified using the technique of schizodeme analysis. The phenomenon observed is clearly relevant to studies of parasite isolation, leishmanial metabolism, cross-immunity and chemotherapy.Inhibição do crescimento de um subespécie de Leishmania por exometabólitos de outra subespécie, um fenômeno ainda não notificado, é sugerido em nossas recentes observações em experimentos de clonagem celular com Leishmania mexicana mexicana e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Os clones foram identificados usando a técnica de análise de esquizodemas. O fenômeno observado é claramente relevante em estudos de isolamento parasitário, metabolismo, imunidade cruzada e quimioterapia.

  17. Urinary concentrations of morphine and codeine after consumption of poppy seeds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thevis, Mario; Opfermann, Georg; Schänzer, Wilhelm

    2003-01-01

    A quantitative analysis of morphine and codeine in human urine was performed after oral intake of cakes containing commercially available poppy seeds in order to estimate the possibility of positive doping results. Therefore, eight products from different manufacturers (poppy seeds or baking mixtures) and origin were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the presence of the alkaloids. One selected batch of poppy seeds was used as an ingredient in a typical cake and was the object of an excretion study with nine volunteers. After application, several urine specimens contained morphine with concentrations higher than 1 microg/mL, and peak values of approximately 10.0 microg/mL were detected. Because the International Olympic Committee set a cutoff limit for morphine at 1 microg/mL, high-performance athletes could possibly test positive in doping control after consumption of products containing poppy seeds.

  18. The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks!

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    Kwon, Eric O; Armenakas, Noel A; Scharf, Stephen C; Panagopoulos, Georgia; Fracchia, John A

    2008-04-01

    Diagnosis of a colovesical fistula is often challenging, and usually involves numerous invasive and expensive tests and procedures. The poppy seed test stands out as an exception to this rule. We evaluated the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of various established diagnostic tests used to evaluate a suspected colovesical fistula. We identified 20 prospectively entered patients with surgically confirmed colovesical fistulas between 2000 and 2006. Each patient was evaluated preoperatively with a (51)chromium nuclear study, computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and intravenous contrast medium, and the poppy seed test. Costs were calculated using institutional charges, 2006 Medicare limiting approved charges and the market price, respectively. The z test was used to compare the proportion of patients who tested positive for a fistula with each of these modalities. The chromium study was positive in 16 of 20 patients (80%) at a cost of $490.83 per study. Computerized tomography was positive in 14 of 20 patients (70%) at a cost of $652.92 per study. The poppy seed test was positive in 20 of 20 patients (100%) at a cost of $5.37 per study. The difference in the proportion of patients who tested positive for a fistula on computerized tomography and the poppy seed test was statistically significant (p = 0.03). There was no difference between the chromium group and the computerized tomography or poppy seed group (p = 0.72 and 0.12, respectively). The poppy seed test is an accurate, convenient and inexpensive diagnostic test. It is an ideal initial consideration for evaluating a suspected colovesical fistula.

  19. Utilization of opium poppy wastes as a fuel source

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Demirbas, A.; Cengiz, M.; Yayli, N. (KT University, Akcaabat-Trabzon (Turkey). Educational Faculty)

    1994-01-01

    Air dried and ground opium poppy stalks suspended in water containing sodium carbonate catalysts have been completely converted into liquid fuels and water soluble- chemicals at 573[degree]K in a 0.1 liter autoclave. Extractives and oil properties obtained from stalks and poppy seed were studied. Major components of the oil were linoleic acid (60.2%) and oleic acid (22.3%). Alcohol-benzene extractives of the stalks were 28.8% while ether solubility was 7.5%. 15 refs., 6 tabs.

  20. Tall Poppies: Bullying Behaviors Faced by Australian High-Performance School-Age Athletes

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    O'Neill, Maureen; Calder, Angela; Allen, Bill

    2014-01-01

    Little is known about Australian high-performance school-age athletes' experiences as victims of the tall poppy syndrome. Tall poppies are successful individuals bullied by those who are less successful in order to "normalize them." Nineteen current or previous national or international high-performance school-age athletes were…

  1. The agronomic traits of foreign cultivars and domestic populations of oilseed poppy

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    Marina Brčić

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available For the past few years, a rising interest for the production of oil poppy (Papaver somniferum L. on bigger areas in the Republic of Croatia has been noticed. The aim of this study was to determine seed yield and other agronomic traits of foreign cultivars and domestic populations of oilseed poppy in the environmental conditions of northwestern Croatia and select the best varieties for this area, considering the obtained results. The research was conducted in 2013 and 2015 at the experimental field of University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. The research involved four foreign cultivars (Opal, Lazur, Major, and Matis and two domestic populations of oilseed poppy named after locations where they had been collected: Gornji Bogićevci (IND00042 and Beli Manastir (IND00043. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the examined cultivars and domestic populations of oilseed poppy differed significantly in seed yield, capsule number per plant, seed weight per capsule, seed weight per plant, and thousand seed weight only in the year of 2013. On average, cultivars/populations with the highest yield were Opal (847 kg/ha, Beli Manastir (834 kg/ha, and Major (816 kg/ha. Oil content in poppy seed ranged from 42.5% (Lazur to 46.3% (Opal. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids prevailed in examined cultivars and populations.

  2. Disentangling Peronospora on Papaver: Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Host Range of Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum) and Related Species

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    Voglmayr, Hermann; Montes-Borrego, Miguel; Landa, Blanca B.

    2014-01-01

    Based on sequence data from ITS rDNA, cox1 and cox2, six Peronospora species are recognised as phylogenetically distinct on various Papaver species. The host ranges of the four already described species P. arborescens, P. argemones, P. cristata and P. meconopsidis are clarified. Based on sequence data and morphology, two new species, P. apula and P. somniferi, are described from Papaver apulum and P. somniferum, respectively. The second Peronospora species parasitizing Papaver somniferum, that was only recently recorded as Peronospora cristata from Tasmania, is shown to represent a distinct taxon, P. meconopsidis, originally described from Meconopsis cambrica. It is shown that P. meconopsidis on Papaver somniferum is also present and widespread in Europe and Asia, but has been overlooked due to confusion with P. somniferi and due to less prominent, localized disease symptoms. Oospores are reported for the first time for P. meconopsidis from Asian collections on Papaver somniferum. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and a key are provided for all described Peronospora species on Papaver. cox1 and cox2 sequence data are confirmed as equally good barcoding loci for reliable Peronospora species identification, whereas ITS rDNA does sometimes not resolve species boundaries. Molecular phylogenetic data reveal high host specificity of Peronospora on Papaver, which has the important phytopathological implication that wild Papaver spp. cannot play any role as primary inoculum source for downy mildew epidemics in cultivated opium poppy crops. PMID:24806292

  3. Thebaine in hair as a marker for chronic use of illegal opium poppy substances.

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    Lee, Sooyeun; Park, Yonghoon; Han, Eunyoung; Choi, Hwakyung; Chung, Heesun; Oh, Seung Min; Chung, Kyu Hyuck

    2011-01-30

    Opium poppy products are often illegally used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. In order to demonstrate the ingestion of opium poppy substances, morphine, codeine and their metabolites have been identified. However, morphine and codeine also originate from the ingestion of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, thebaine, one of the main opium alkaloids, in hair was suggested as a marker for chronic use of illegal opium poppy substances in the present study. First, thebaine was included in the analyte list of our routine analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of codeine, morphine, norcodeine, normorphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in hair, which was fully validated previously. Then, the incorporation of thebaine and other opiates into hair and the effect of hair pigmentation were examined using lean Zucker rats with both dark grey and white hair on the same body. Thebaine was also measured in hair samples from actual cases of opium poppy substance use. Consequently, thebaine in hair was demonstrated as a marker of chronic use of illegal opium poppy substances using an animal study and actual cases. Thebaine and other opiates were successfully measured in pigmented hair from rats that ingested raw opium suspension. Moreover, thebaine identified in hair excluded possibility of ingestion of pharmaceutical opiates in actual cases. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Agastache mexicana ssp. mexicana and A. mexicana ssp. xolocotziana methanolic extracts on the guinea pig ileum.

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    Ventura-Martínez, Rosa; Rodríguez, Rodolfo; González-Trujano, María Eva; Ángeles-López, Guadalupe E; Déciga-Campos, Myrna; Gómez, Claudia

    2017-01-20

    Agastache mexicana has been used in traditional medicine for relief of abdominal pain and treatment of other diseases. Two subspecies have been identified: A. mexicana ssp. mexicana (AMM) and A. mexicana ssp. xolocotziana (AMX) and both are used traditionally without distinction or in combination. To determine the effect of methanol extracts of A. mexicana ssp. mexicana and A. mexicana ssp. xolocotziana on gut motility and their possible mechanism of action. The effect of AMM and AMX methanol extracts were tested on the spontaneous activity in the isolated guinea pig ileum and on tissues pre-contracted with KCl, electrical field stimulation (EFS) or ACh. In addition, the possible mechanism of action of each subspecies on gut motility was analyzed in the presence of hexametonium, indomethacin, L-NAME, verapamil, atropine or pyrylamine. A comparative chromatographic profile of these extracts was also done to indicate the most abundant flavonoids presents in methanol extracts of both subspecies. AMM, but not AMX, induced a contractile effect in the guinea pig ileum. This spasmogenic effect was partially inhibited by atropine, antagonist of muscarinic receptors; and pyrilamine, antagonist of H 1 receptors. In contrast, AMX, but not AMM, diminished the contractions induced by KCl, EFS or ACh. The spasmolytic activity of AMX was partially inhibited by hexamethonium, ganglionic blocker; and indomethacin, inhibitor of the synthesis of prostaglandins; but not by L-NAME, inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. In addition, AMX diminished the maximal contraction induced by CaCl 2 in a calcium-free medium. Chromatographic analyses of these methanol extracts showed the presence of acacetin and tilanin in both. These results suggest that in folk medicine only AMX should be used as spasmolytic, and not in combination with AMM as traditionally occurs, due to the spasmogenic effects of the latter. In addition, activation of nicotinic receptors, prostaglandins and calcium channels, but

  5. Tyrosine aminotransferase contributes to benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

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    Lee, Eun-Jeong; Facchini, Peter J

    2011-11-01

    Tyrosine aminotransferase (TyrAT) catalyzes the transamination of L-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, yielding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and L-glutamate. The decarboxylation product of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, is a precursor to a large and diverse group of natural products known collectively as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). We have isolated and characterized a TyrAT cDNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which remains the only commercial source for several pharmaceutical BIAs, including codeine, morphine, and noscapine. TyrAT belongs to group I pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes wherein Schiff base formation occurs between PLP and a specific Lys residue. The amino acid sequence of TyrAT showed considerable homology to other putative plant TyrATs, although few of these have been functionally characterized. Purified, recombinant TyrAT displayed a molecular mass of approximately 46 kD and a substrate preference for L-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, with apparent K(m) values of 1.82 and 0.35 mm, respectively. No specific requirement for PLP was detected in vitro. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the conversion of L-Tyr to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. TyrAT gene transcripts were most abundant in roots and stems of mature opium poppy plants. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to evaluate the contribution of TyrAT to BIA metabolism in opium poppy. TyrAT transcript levels were reduced by at least 80% in silenced plants compared with controls and showed a moderate reduction in total alkaloid content. The modest correlation between transcript levels and BIA accumulation in opium poppy supports a role for TyrAT in the generation of alkaloid precursors, but it also suggests the occurrence of other sources for 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde.

  6. In Silico Retrieving of Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L. Microsatellites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Masárová Veronika

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Repetitive tandem sequences were retrieved within nucleotide sequences of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. genomic DNA available in the GenBank® database. Altogether 538 different microsatellites with the desired length characteristics of tandem repeats have been identified within 450 sequences of opium poppy DNA available in the database. The most frequented were mononucleotide repeats (246; nevertheless, 44 dinucleotide, 148 trinucleotide, 62 tetranucleotide, 28 pentanucleotide and 5 hexanucleotide tandem repeats have also been found. The most abundant were trinucleotide motifs (27.50%, and the most abundant motifs within each group of tandem repeats were TA/AT, TTC/GAA, GGTT/AACC and TTTTA/ TAAAA. Five hexanucleotide repeats contained four different motifs.

  7. AFLP studies on downy-mildew-resistant and downy-mildew-susceptible genotypes of opium poppy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dubey, Mukesh K; Shasany, Ajit K; Dhawan, Om P; Shukla, Ashutosh K; Khanuja, Suman P S

    2010-04-01

    Downy mildew (DM) caused by Peronospora arborescens, is a serious disease in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which has a world-wide spread. The establishment of DM-resistant cultivars appears to be a sustainable way to control the In this paper, we present the results of a study aimed at the identification of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers for DM-resistance in opium poppy. Three opium poppy genotypes (inbred over about 10 years): Pps-1 (DM-resistant), Jawahar-16 (DM-susceptible) and H-9 (DM-susceptible) were crossed in a diallel manner and the F(1) progeny along with the parents were subjected to AFLP analysis of chloroplast (cp) and nuclear DNA with seven and nine EcoRI / MseI primer combinations, respectively. cpDNA AFLP analysis identified 24 Pps-1 (DM-resistant)-specific unique fragments that were found to be maternally inherited in both the crosses, Pps-1 x Jawahar-16 and Pps-1 x H-9. In the case of nuclear DNA AFLP analysis, it was found that 17 fragments inherited from Pps-1 were common to the reciprocal crosses of both (i) Pps-1 and Jawahar-16 as well as (ii) Pps-1 and H-9. This is the first molecular investigation on the identification of polymorphism between DM-resistant and DM-susceptible opium poppy genotypes and development of DM-resistant opium poppy genotypespecific AFLP markers. These AFLP markers could be used in future genetic studies for analysis of linkage to the downy mildew resistance trait.

  8. Socio-climatic Exposure of an Afghan Poppy Farmer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mankin, J. S.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.

    2011-12-01

    Many posit that climate impacts from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will have consequences for the natural and agricultural systems on which humans rely for food, energy, and livelihoods, and therefore, on stability and human security. However, many of the potential mechanisms of action in climate impacts and human systems response, as well as the differential vulnerabilities of such systems, remain underexplored and unquantified. Here I present two initial steps necessary to characterize and quantify the consequences of climate change for farmer livelihood in Afghanistan, given both climate impacts and farmer vulnerabilities. The first is a conceptual model mapping the potential relationships between Afghanistan's climate, the winter agricultural season, and the country's political economy of violence and instability. The second is a utility-based decision model for assessing farmer response sensitivity to various climate impacts based on crop sensitivities. A farmer's winter planting decision can be modeled roughly as a tradeoff between cultivating the two crops that dominate the winter growing season-opium poppy (a climate tolerant cash crop) and wheat (a climatically vulnerable crop grown for household consumption). Early sensitivity analysis results suggest that wheat yield dominates farmer decision making variability; however, such initial results may dependent on the relative parameter ranges of wheat and poppy yields. Importantly though, the variance in Afghanistan's winter harvest yields of poppy and wheat is tightly linked to household livelihood and thus, is indirectly connected to the wider instability and insecurity within the country. This initial analysis motivates my focused research on the sensitivity of these crops to climate variability in order to project farmer well-being and decision sensitivity in a warmer world.

  9. Literary investigation on the origin of poppy and other narcotics Research Articles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lim Chung San

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Objectives : This study was performed to developing orally administered analgesics and locally injected pharmacopuncture analgesics like opioids. Methods : Literary investigation on the origin of poppy (Papaver somniferum L and other narcotics was conducted to examine the potential of developing orally administered analgesics and locally injected pharmacopuncture analgesics. Opium is a gum-like mass derived from air-dried white fluid of immature fruit of the poppy. Opium contains approximately 20 types of alkaloids including morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and others. Natural opioids and synthetic alkaloid derivatives are the constituents of opioid analgesics and their effects and side-effects depend on the peculiarities of receptors. An extreme caution is required in the selection of proper dosage, proper analgesic types, and indications for successful pain management. Results and Discussion : With the enactment of "Narcotic control protocol", herbs such as cannibis and poppy are no longer available for use by Korean medicine doctors, and these doctors are faced with difficulty in managing severe pain in the clinical environment. A systematic consideration is inevitable for overcoming the limitation on these analgesics.

  10. Poppy Crop Height and Capsule Volume Estimation from a Single UAS Flight

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Faheem Iqbal

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to estimate poppy plant height and capsule volume with remote sensing using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS. Data were obtained from field measurements and UAS flights over two poppy crops at Cambridge and Cressy in Tasmania. Imagery acquired from the UAS was used to produce dense point clouds using structure from motion (SfM and multi-view stereopsis (MVS techniques. Dense point clouds were used to generate a digital surface model (DSM and orthophoto mosaic. An RGB index was derived from the orthophoto to extract the bare ground spaces. This bare ground space mask was used to filter the points on the ground, and a digital terrain model (DTM was interpolated from these points. Plant height values were estimated by subtracting the DSM and DTM to generate a Crop Height Model (CHM. UAS-derived plant height (PH and field measured PH in Cambridge were strongly correlated with R2 values ranging from 0.93 to 0.97 for Transect 1 and Transect 2, respectively, while at Cressy results from a single flight provided R2 of 0.97. Therefore, the proposed method can be considered an important step towards crop surface model (CSM generation from a single UAS flight in situations where a bare ground DTM is unavailable. High correlations were found between UAS-derived PH and poppy capsule volume (CV at capsule formation stage (R2 0.74, with relative error of 19.62%. Results illustrate that plant height can be reliably estimated for poppy crops based on a single UAS flight and can be used to predict opium capsule volume at capsule formation stage.

  11. The opium poppy as a symbol of sleep in Bertel Thorvaldsen's relief of 1815.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tekiner, Halil; Kosar, Muberra

    2016-03-01

    Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770-1844) is one of the most remarkable representatives of Neoclassicist sculptural art in Europe, which was largely inspired by the classical art and culture of Greek and Roman antiquity. A pair of marble reliefs, Night and Day, exhibited in the Thorvaldsen Museum (Copenhagen), marks the culmination of Thorvaldsen's relief art and is of particular interest to the history of sleep medicine. In the first relief, Night, an angel with her neck bent and eyes closed has two babies in her embrace and seems to be floating down in grief, with an owl hovering behind her. Her hair is also twined with opium poppies, the symbol of sleep and death in antiquity. Our findings suggest that this relief not only indicates a mythological association between the opium poppy and sleep but also has a strong connotation with the poppy's medicinal use for inducing sleep throughout the centuries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Death in a legal poppy field in Spain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez, María Antonia; Ballesteros, Salomé; Almarza, Elena; Garijo, Joaquín

    2016-08-01

    Opium is a substance extracted from Papaver somniferum L. Opium latex contains morphine, codeine, and thebaine and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine. In Spain opium growing is allowed only for scientific or pharmaceutical purposes and harvest is supervised by the Spanish Health Ministry. This work describes a sudden fatality involving opium consumption in a legal poppy field. The toxicological and autopsy findings, previous disease, paraphernalia, and scenario are discussed in order to clarify cause and manner of death. A 32-year-old white caucasian male was found unresponsive in a legal poppy field in the South of Spain. The emergency medical services responded to the scene where he was pronounced dead. The friends explained that the deceased had presented with about 30min of convulsions; in spite of trying to keep his airway tract open they noted that "he stayed airless". According to them the victim suffered from epilepsy. Tools found beside his body consisted of plain wood sticks with a blade razor, a fabric handle, and paper. A comprehensive toxicological screening for abuse and psychoactive drugs was performed in the deceased samples. This included ethanol and volatile analysis by HS-GC-FID in peripheral blood and urine, enzyme immunoassay in urine by CEDIA, and a basic drug screening in all samples (including paraphernalia) by GC-MS using modes full scan for screening/confirmation and selected ion monitoring for quantitation. The peripheral blood, urine, vitreous, and gastric content contained the following concentrations of opiates expressed in mg/L (gastric content additionally also expressed in mg total): 0.10, 7.12, 0.23, and 14.80 (2.81mg total) of thebaine, 0.13, 4.50, 0.13, and 6.60 (1.25mg total) of morphine (free), 0.48, 0.88, 0.17, and 1.50 (0.28mg total) of codeine. These tree opiates were also detected in the tools (paraphernalia) used by the deceased for opium consumption. Other toxicological findings were metabolites of

  13. Antibacterial activity of the latex of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saad A. Alamri; Mahmoud F. Moustafa

    2010-01-01

    To investigate the antibacterial effect of the crude latex of Argemone ochroleuca (A. ochroleuca) as antibacterial potential against a range of human pathogenic bacteria. This study was carried out at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January to March 2010. Seventeen ml of fresh latex from A. ochroleuca Sweet was collected, and the antibacterial activity of crude and diluted latex were examined using one ml of standardized inoculum suspension, and using the agar diffusion method test against Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. All inoculated plates were incubated aerobically at 290C for 48 hours. The diameter of the zones of inhibition was measured to the nearest mm. The crude latex of A. ochroleuca exhibited a potent antibacterial effect on all bacterial strains examined. The zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 9.30 - 40.3 mm along with their respective minimum inhibitory concentration values 100 ul/ml. The observable inhibition on selected bacteria by latex of A. ochroleuca makes it a promising alternative as a potential source of natural antibacterial (Author).

  14. Tyrosine Aminotransferase Contributes to Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Opium Poppy1[W

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Eun-Jeong; Facchini, Peter J.

    2011-01-01

    Tyrosine aminotransferase (TyrAT) catalyzes the transamination of l-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, yielding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and l-glutamate. The decarboxylation product of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, is a precursor to a large and diverse group of natural products known collectively as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). We have isolated and characterized a TyrAT cDNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which remains the only commercial source for several pharmaceutical BIAs, including codeine, morphine, and noscapine. TyrAT belongs to group I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes wherein Schiff base formation occurs between PLP and a specific Lys residue. The amino acid sequence of TyrAT showed considerable homology to other putative plant TyrATs, although few of these have been functionally characterized. Purified, recombinant TyrAT displayed a molecular mass of approximately 46 kD and a substrate preference for l-Tyr and α-ketoglutarate, with apparent Km values of 1.82 and 0.35 mm, respectively. No specific requirement for PLP was detected in vitro. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the conversion of l-Tyr to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. TyrAT gene transcripts were most abundant in roots and stems of mature opium poppy plants. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to evaluate the contribution of TyrAT to BIA metabolism in opium poppy. TyrAT transcript levels were reduced by at least 80% in silenced plants compared with controls and showed a moderate reduction in total alkaloid content. The modest correlation between transcript levels and BIA accumulation in opium poppy supports a role for TyrAT in the generation of alkaloid precursors, but it also suggests the occurrence of other sources for 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. PMID:21949209

  15. The Risk of Using Poppy Seed Tea Made from Several Varieties Available on the Romanian Market

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Croitoru Mircea Dumitru

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Objective: the number of alkaloids like morphine and codeine found in poppy seeds used in food industry are monitored by a directive given by European Food Safety Authority. Based on this regulation the aim of the study was to determine the quantity of morphine and codeine from several brands of poppy seeds. Methods: an HPLC-UV method (205 nm was developed to measure the quantity of morphine and codeine. Sample preparation was made using recipes posted on Drugs Forum by some users. Limits of detection were not determined because the lowest concentration from the reference (0.1 μg/ml detected morphine concentrations that are far lower than a limit of toxicological concern. Results: The concentrations, which were found, ranged between Below the Level of Toxicological Concern (BLTC - 243.26 mg/kg for morphine and BLTC - 88.58 mg/kg for codeine using several methods of preparation. Conclusions: one can observe that there are some brands of poppy seeds which do not respect the regulation about the amount of morphine and codeine. The high amount of morphine in some samples suggests that there are different varieties of poppy seeds, which can be used for an illicit purpose and can lead to addiction or even overdose in some cases.

  16. Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Augustus, G.D.P.S.; Jayabalan, M. [V.H.N.S.N College, Virudhunagar (India). Research Centre in Botany; Seiler, G.J. [USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Lab., Fargo, ND (United States)

    2003-06-01

    Twenty-two taxa of Western Ghats plants were screened as potential alternative crops for renewable energy, oil, hydrocarbon and phytochemicals. The highest hydrocarbon yields were observed in Carissa carandas (1.7%), and Jatropha gossypifolia (1.7%). The highest polyphenol fraction was observed in Dodonaea viscosa (17.1%), Carissa carandas (7.7%), Swietenia mahagoni (6.6%), and Jatropha glandulifera (6.2%). The highest oil content was observed in Aganosma cymosa (10.3%), Carissa carandas (5.8%), and Argemone mexicana (5.0%). Swietenia mahagoni yielded the highest protein content with 8.1%. The gross heat value of 4175.0 cal/g(17.5 MJ/kg) for Lochnera rosea (pink flowered var.), and 4112.0 cal/g for Dalbergia sissoo were the highest among the species analysed. NMR spectra of the hydrocarbon fractions of Alstonia scholaris, Carissa carandas, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Plumeria rubra, Thevetia neriifolia (white flowered var.), Vallaris solanacea, Lochnera rosea (pink flowered var.), Euphorbia hirta, E. splendens, Artocarpus integrifolia and Ficus religiosa revealed the presence of cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber), whereas Argemone mexicana showed the presence of trans-polyisoprene (gutta). Several new crop species were identified with potentially useful compounds. The potential exists for growing these alternate crops in areas of under-utilized lands, subsequently stimulating industrial and economic growth. (author)

  17. 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling for evaluating poppy seed rancidity and brewing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jawień, Ewa; Ząbek, Adam; Deja, Stanisław; Łukaszewicz, Marcin; Młynarz, Piotr

    2015-12-01

    Poppy seeds are widely used in household and commercial confectionery. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of metabolic profiling for industrial monitoring of the molecular changes which occur during minced poppy seed rancidity and brewing processes performed on raw seeds. Both forms of poppy seeds were obtained from a confectionery company. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was applied as the analytical method of choice together with multivariate statistical data analysis. Metabolic fingerprinting was applied as a bioprocess control tool to monitor rancidity with the trajectory of change and brewing progressions. Low molecular weight compounds were found to be statistically significant biomarkers of these bioprocesses. Changes in concentrations of chemical compounds were explained relative to the biochemical processes and external conditions. The obtained results provide valuable and comprehensive information to gain a better understanding of the biology of rancidity and brewing processes, while demonstrating the potential for applying NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis tools for quality control in food industries involved in the processing of oilseeds. This precious and versatile information gives a better understanding of the biology of these processes.

  18. Stereochemical inversion of (S)-reticuline by a cytochrome P450 fusion in opium poppy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farrow, Scott C; Hagel, Jillian M; Beaudoin, Guillaume A W; Burns, Darcy C; Facchini, Peter J

    2015-09-01

    The gateway to morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the stereochemical inversion of (S)-reticuline since the enzyme yielding the first committed intermediate salutaridine is specific for (R)-reticuline. A fusion between a cytochrome P450 (CYP) and an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) catalyzes the S-to-R epimerization of reticuline via 1,2-dehydroreticuline. The reticuline epimerase (REPI) fusion was detected in opium poppy and in Papaver bracteatum, which accumulates thebaine. In contrast, orthologs encoding independent CYP and AKR enzymes catalyzing the respective synthesis and reduction of 1,2-dehydroreticuline were isolated from Papaver rhoeas, which does not accumulate morphinan alkaloids. An ancestral relationship between these enzymes is supported by a conservation of introns in the gene fusions and independent orthologs. Suppression of REPI transcripts using virus-induced gene silencing in opium poppy reduced levels of (R)-reticuline and morphinan alkaloids and increased the overall abundance of (S)-reticuline and its O-methylated derivatives. Discovery of REPI completes the isolation of genes responsible for known steps of morphine biosynthesis.

  19. Determination of alkaloids in capsules, milk and ethanolic extracts of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) by ATR-FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulz, Hartwig; Baranska, Malgorzata; Quilitzsch, Rolf; Schütze, Wolfgang

    2004-10-01

    Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectroscopy using a diamond composite ATR crystal and NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques were applied for the simultaneous identification and quantification of the most important alkaloids in poppy capsules. Most of the characteristic Raman signals of the alkaloids can be identified in poppy milk isolated from unripe capsules. But also poppy extracts present specific bands relating clearly to the alkaloid fraction. Raman spectra obtained by excitation with a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm show no disturbing fluorescence effects; therefore the plant tissue can be recorded without any special preparation. The used diamond ATR technique allows to measure very small sample amounts (5-10 microL or 2-5 mg) without the necessity to perform time-consuming pre-treatments. When applying cluster analysis a reliable discrimination of "low-alkaloid" and "high-alkaloid" poppy single-plants can be easily achieved. The examples presented in this study provide clear evidence of the benefits of Raman and ATR-IR spectroscopy in efficient quality control, forensic analysis and high-throughput evaluation of poppy breeding material.

  20. La Artesania Mexicana (Mexican Handicrafts).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steele, Bettina

    This booklet contains instructions in English and Spanish for making eleven typical Mexican craft articles. The instructions are accompanied by pen-and-ink drawings. The objects are (1) "La Rosa" (The Rose); (2) "El Crisantemo" (The Chrysanthemum); (3) "La Amapola" (The Poppy); (4) "Ojos de Dios" (God's Eyes); (5) "Ojitos con dos caras" (Two-Sided…

  1. The Risk of Using Poppy Seed Tea Made from Several Varieties Available on the Romanian Market

    OpenAIRE

    Croitoru Mircea Dumitru; Fülöp Ibolya; Irimia-Constantin Maria-Raluca; Varga Erzsébet; Kelemen Hajnal; Fogarasi Erzsébet; Faliboga Luana-Maria

    2017-01-01

    Objective: the number of alkaloids like morphine and codeine found in poppy seeds used in food industry are monitored by a directive given by European Food Safety Authority. Based on this regulation the aim of the study was to determine the quantity of morphine and codeine from several brands of poppy seeds. Methods: an HPLC-UV method (205 nm) was developed to measure the quantity of morphine and codeine. Sample preparation was made using recipes posted on Drugs Forum by some users. Limits of...

  2. A radioattenuated Leishmania major vaccine markedly increases the resistance of CBA mice to subsequent infection with Leishmania mexicana mexicana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alexander, J.

    1982-01-01

    Vaccinating CBA mice with radioattenuated Leishmania major amastigotes but not with radioattenuated L. mexicana amastigotes rendered them highly resistant to subsequent infection with L. m. mexicana. Unvaccinated CBA mice were highly susceptible to infection with L. m. mexicana producing rapidly growing non-ulcerating cutaneous lesions. Two manifestations of resistance were induced in vaccinated animals depending on the timing of the challenge infection: no lesions appeared at the site of subcutaneous challenge in animals vaccinated four or more weeks previously, while lesions grew rapidly but ulcerated and healed in animals vaccinated less than 3 weeks beforehand. L. major amastigotes were found to be markedly more resistant to γ irradiation than L. m.mexicana amastigotes both as measured by their ability to infect susceptible strains of mice and to transform and multiply as promastigotes in NNN medium. (author)

  3. Poppies or Peace: The Relationship between Opium Production and Conflict

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-08

    absent actual force, most 39 poppy farmers become stuck in a debt cycle – a cycle Lu Saw advocates against in his Plea. Lu Saw, The Bondage of Opium...The Agony of the Wa People, A Proposal and A Plea (Raleigh: Center for the Public Domain), http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/ BONDAGE . htm (accessed...

  4. Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase catalyzing the final step of noscapine biosynthesis is localized to laticifers in opium poppy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Xue; Facchini, Peter J

    2014-01-01

    The final step in the biosynthesis of the phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid noscapine involves a purported dehydrogenation of the narcotinehemiacetal keto moiety. A short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR), designated noscapine synthase (NOS), that catalyzes dehydrogenation of narcotinehemiacetal to noscapine was identified in opium poppy and functionally characterized. The NOS gene was isolated using an integrated transcript and metabolite profiling strategy and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli. Noscapine synthase is highly divergent from other characterized members of the NADPH-dependent SDR superfamily involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism, and it exhibits exclusive substrate specificity for narcotinehemiacetal. Kinetic analyses showed that NOS exhibits higher catalytic efficiency with NAD+ as the cofactor compared with NADP+. Suppression of NOS transcript levels in opium poppy plants subjected to virus-induced gene silencing resulted in a corresponding reduction in the accumulation of noscapine and an increase in narcotinehemiacetal levels in the latex. Noscapine and NOS transcripts were detected in all opium poppy organs, but both were most abundant in stems. Unlike other putative biosynthetic genes clustered in the opium poppy genome, and their corresponding proteins, NOS transcripts and the cognate enzyme were abundant in latex, indicating that noscapine metabolism is completed in a distinct cell type compared with the rest of the pathway.

  5. The same difference: Jesusa Palancares and Poppie Nongena’s testimonies of oppression

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Wenzel

    1994-05-01

    Full Text Available Two women's texts from postcolonial countries, Mexico and South Africa, on different continents show surprising correspondences in subject matter and style. Elena Poniatowska’s Hasta no verte Jesús mío (Till I meet you, my Jesus and Elsa Joubert's Die swerfjare van Poppie Nongena (The journey of Poppie Nongena examples of testimonial writing, both address issues of gender and politics in an innovative way. They combine autobiography and biography to render a dramatic account of social injustice despite their disparate backgrounds/cultures and subtle differences in style. In comparison, the texts not only affirm the validity of women’s writing and contribute to its enrichment, but also constitute a valuable contribution towards the formulation of a general feminist aesthetics. In fact, they illustrate conclusively that comparative literature fulfils a vital function in the exploration and interpretation of women's literature from different cultures.

  6. EVALUATION OF TWO VEGETABLES EXTRACTS AND DYE PHLOXINE-B, FOR THE CAPTURE OF THE FLY OF THE CASTILLA WALNUT IN PUEBLA, MEXICO

    OpenAIRE

    Alejandra Torija-Torres; Arturo Huerta-De la Peña; Agustín Aragón-García

    2014-01-01

    To determine the most effective treatment to capture Rhagoletis zoqui and use it as an alternative to chemical insecticides, this study was developed in two orchards of walnut, during June, July and August of 2010 in San Nicolas de los Ranchos, Puebla. The toxicity of the aqueous extracts from Ricinus communis and Argemone mexicana plants as well as the dye Phloxine-B were evaluated and compared the effectiveness with the commercial insecticide, Malation®, upon R. zoqui. The experiment was t...

  7. Contributions of Zea mays subspecies mexicana haplotypes to modern maize.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Ning; Xu, Xi-Wen; Wang, Rui-Ru; Peng, Wen-Lei; Cai, Lichun; Song, Jia-Ming; Li, Wenqiang; Luo, Xin; Niu, Luyao; Wang, Yuebin; Jin, Min; Chen, Lu; Luo, Jingyun; Deng, Min; Wang, Long; Pan, Qingchun; Liu, Feng; Jackson, David; Yang, Xiaohong; Chen, Ling-Ling; Yan, Jianbing

    2017-11-30

    Maize was domesticated from lowland teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), but the contribution of highland teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana, hereafter mexicana) to modern maize is not clear. Here, two genomes for Mo17 (a modern maize inbred) and mexicana are assembled using a meta-assembly strategy after sequencing of 10 lines derived from a maize-teosinte cross. Comparative analyses reveal a high level of diversity between Mo17, B73, and mexicana, including three Mb-size structural rearrangements. The maize spontaneous mutation rate is estimated to be 2.17 × 10 -8 ~3.87 × 10 -8 per site per generation with a nonrandom distribution across the genome. A higher deleterious mutation rate is observed in the pericentromeric regions, and might be caused by differences in recombination frequency. Over 10% of the maize genome shows evidence of introgression from the mexicana genome, suggesting that mexicana contributed to maize adaptation and improvement. Our data offer a rich resource for constructing the pan-genome of Zea mays and genetic improvement of modern maize varieties.

  8. A Tale of Three Cell Types: Alkaloid Biosynthesis Is Localized to Sieve Elements in Opium Poppy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bird, David A.; Franceschi, Vincent R.; Facchini, Peter J.

    2003-01-01

    Opium poppy produces a diverse array of pharmaceutical alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of opium poppy accumulate in the cytoplasm, or latex, of specialized laticifers that accompany vascular tissues throughout the plant. However, immunofluorescence labeling using affinity-purified antibodies showed that three key enzymes, (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3′-hydroxylase (CYP80B1), berberine bridge enzyme (BBE), and codeinone reductase (COR), involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine, are restricted to the parietal region of sieve elements adjacent or proximal to laticifers. The localization of laticifers was demonstrated using antibodies specific to the major latex protein (MLP), which is characteristic of the cell type. In situ hybridization showed that CYP80B1, BBE, and COR gene transcripts were found in the companion cell paired with each sieve element, whereas MLP transcripts were restricted to laticifers. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in opium poppy involves cell types not implicated previously in plant secondary metabolism and dramatically extends the function of sieve elements beyond the transport of solutes and information macromolecules in plants. PMID:14508000

  9. Degradation of morphine in opium poppy processing waste composting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yin Quan; Zhang, Jin Lin; Schuchardt, Frank; Wang, Yan

    2014-09-01

    To investigate morphine degradation and optimize turning frequency in opium poppy processing waste composting, a pilot scale windrow composting trial was run for 55 days. Four treatments were designed as without turning (A1), every 5 days turning (A2), every 10 days turning (A3) and every 15 days turning (A4). During composting, a range of physicochemical parameters including the residual morphine degradation, temperature, pH, and the contents of total C, total N, total P and total K were investigated. For all treatments, the residual morphine content decreased below the detection limit and reached the safety standards after day 30 of composting, the longest duration of high temperature (⩾50 °C) was observed in A3, pH increased 16.9-17.54%, total carbon content decreased 15.5-22.5%, C/N ratio reduced from 46 to 26, and the content of total phosphorus and total potassium increased slightly. The final compost obtained by a mixture of all four piles was up to 55.3% of organic matter, 3.3% of total nutrient (N, P2O5 and K2O) and 7.6 of pH. A turning frequency of every ten days for a windrow composting of opium poppy processing waste is recommended to produce homogenous compost. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Dihydrotestosterone enhances growth and infectivity of Leishmania Mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-García, L; Wilkins-Rodriguez, A; Salaiza-Suazo, N; Morales-Montor, J; Becker, I

    2018-03-01

    A strong sex-associated susceptibility towards Leishmania has been reported in males, yet little is known on the effect of hormones in Leishmania physiopathogenicity. Due to the enhanced susceptibility of males to Leishmania mexicana infections, we were interested in analysing the effect exerted by the main androgen produced in males (DHT) on L. mexicana promastigotes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the regulation exerted by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on L. mexicana replication, infectivity, survival and development of tissue lesions. Experiments included growth curves of L. mexicana promastigotes incubated with different doses of DHT, their infection rate, intracellular survival and lesion development in BALB/c mice. Our data show that DHT significantly enhances parasite replication, infection rate and survival in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMФ). Promastigotes in the presence of DHT produced significantly larger lesions in BALB/c earlobes. These results suggest that DHT probably plays a critical role during L. mexicana infections, and the higher susceptibility of males possibly relates to benefits gained by the parasite from host-derived hormones. Our data shed new light on the physiopathology of Leishmania infections and are the first attempt to understand the direct interaction between Leishmania and androgens, particularly DHT. Understanding this trans-regulation process employed by parasites to exploit host molecules sheds new light on L. mexicana physiopathogenesis and opens a possible field for studies on drug development. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. POPPY SEED (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.: EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND YEAR OF CULTIVATION ON VARIABILITY IN ITS LIPID COMPOSITION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michaela Havrlentová

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Poppy seeds have a high nutritive value and are used as a food and a source of edible oil. This oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is known that polyunsaturated fatty acids present not only basic nutriments for human body, but its taking to the organism is very important in term of protection against cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks and many inflammatory diseases. The goal of the study was to determine lipid content and fatty acids composition in eight selected poppy genotypes grown in experimental fields of the Plant Production Research Centre Piešťany – Research and Breeding Station at Malý Šariš (Slovak Republic in two years. Seed oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID from prepared methylesters of fatty acids. The highest lipid content in 2007 was detected for genotype Opál (49.9%. In 2009, genotype ZB-6 contained the highest lipid content (50.1%. Linoleic acid was dominant fatty acid in all analyzed poppy oils. Its highest level contained the genotype ZB-5 (68.1% in 2007 and ZB-1 (66.5% in 2009. Other major fatty acids were palmitic and oleic acids. As minority fatty acids were presented stearic, alpha-linolenic and palmitoleic acids. Myristic, arachidic and gadoleic acids were observed in trace amounts. Furthermore, the effect of year of cultivation on the fatty acids content in poppy seed oils was examined by Student t-test and appropriate non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.

  12. Development of basic populations of plant species suitable for the production of fatty acids, especially considering linseed, false flax and poppy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seehuber, R.; Dambroth, M.

    1987-01-01

    Seed yields, oil contents and oil yields from experiments conducted over a four year period and at five locations are presented for linseed (linum usitatissimum), false flax (Camelina sativa) and oilseed poppy (Papaver somniferum). The influence of year and location on the yields was very high, but oil contents have been relatively stable. The highest oil yields in kg/ha as mean for four years were for linseed 898, for false flax 892 and for poppy 901. Yields and oil contents of winter false flax were slightly higher than in summer false flax. The variability in the collections of plant genetic resources of the presented crops is demonstrated at the example of the frequency distributions of plant height. First results of yield trials of crossing progenies in false flax and poppy show the large possibilities of increasing seed yields. (orig.)

  13. Antibacterial activity of seed extracts of Argemone mexicana L. on ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    PRECIOUS

    2009-12-15

    Dec 15, 2009 ... Chloroform extract of seeds exhibited varying level of antibacterial activity, with minimum ... et al., 1999; Scheck et al.,. 2006). The glycoside and saponins from Quillaja saponaria and Acacia auriculoformis were found to be.

  14. Straightforward analytical method to determine opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and bakery products

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lopez Sanchez, Patricia; Pereboom-de Fauw, Diana P.K.H.; Mulder, Patrick P.J.; Spanjer, Martien; Stoppelaar, de Joyce; Mol, Hans G.J.; Nijs, de Monique

    2018-01-01

    A straightforward method to determine the content of six opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, papaverine and narceine) in poppy seeds and bakery products was developed and validated down to a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 mg/kg. The method was based on extraction with

  15. Estimation of dinitrogen fixation by cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) using residual soil 15N in poppy (Papaver somniferum L) cowpea sequence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patra, D.D.; Chand, Sukhmal; Anwar, M.

    1994-01-01

    Estimation of dinitrogen fixation by cowpea was carried out under greenhouse conditions using pots each containing 12 kg soil. Different 15 N sources included residual soil 15 N where urea was applied to opium poppy before planting of cowpea as fixing and maize as non-fixing crop. Other N sources were labelled urea, 15 N labelled poppy straw, and labelled urea + unlabelled poppy straw. The amount of N 2 fixed varied with the source of 15 N in soil. Plant material treatment gave a higher estimate at 40 days, whereas the estimate was highest with residual 15 N at 75 days. Such variation is attributed to variation in 1 5N enrichment which can be reduced by utilizing the residual 15 N which gives a more stable enrichment of soil 15 N with time. It may also alleviate the errors resulting from the differential pattern of 15 N uptake by fixing and nonfixing plant due to temporal variation in 15 N enrichment in soil. (author). 8 refs., 3 tabs

  16. Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of opiates in extract of poppy head via FTIR and chemometrics: towards in-field sensors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Turner, Nicholas W; Cauchi, Michael; Piletska, Elena V; Preston, Christopher; Piletsky, Sergey A

    2009-07-15

    Identification and quantification of the opiates morphine and thebaine has been achieved in three commercial poppy cultivars using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, from a simple and rapid methanolic extraction, suitable for field analysis. The limits of detection were 0.13 mg/ml (0.013%, w/v) and 0.3 mg/ml (0.03%, w/v) respectively. The concentrations of opiates present were verified with HPLC-MS. The chemometrics has been used to identify specific "signature" peaks in the poppy IR spectra for characterisation of cultivar by its unique fingerprint offering a potential forensic application in opiate crop analysis.

  17. Characterization of a Flavoprotein Oxidase from Opium Poppy Catalyzing the Final Steps in Sanguinarine and Papaverine Biosynthesis*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagel, Jillian M.; Beaudoin, Guillaume A. W.; Fossati, Elena; Ekins, Andrew; Martin, Vincent J. J.; Facchini, Peter J.

    2012-01-01

    Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a diverse class of plant specialized metabolites that includes the analgesic morphine, the antimicrobials sanguinarine and berberine, and the vasodilator papaverine. The two-electron oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine catalyzed by dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase (DBOX) is the final step in sanguinarine biosynthesis. The formation of the fully conjugated ring system in sanguinarine is similar to the four-electron oxidations of (S)-canadine to berberine and (S)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine. We report the isolation and functional characterization of an opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) cDNA encoding DBOX, a flavoprotein oxidase with homology to (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase and the berberine bridge enzyme. A query of translated opium poppy stem transcriptome databases using berberine bridge enzyme yielded several candidate genes, including an (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase-like sequence selected for heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme preferentially catalyzed the oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine to sanguinarine but also converted (RS)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine and several protoberberine alkaloids to oxidized forms, including (RS)-canadine to berberine. The Km values of 201 and 146 μm for dihydrosanguinarine and the protoberberine alkaloid (S)-scoulerine, respectively, suggested high concentrations of these substrates in the plant. Virus-induced gene silencing to reduce DBOX transcript levels resulted in a corresponding reduction in sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, and papaverine accumulation in opium poppy roots in support of DBOX as a multifunctional oxidative enzyme in BIA metabolism. PMID:23118227

  18. Characterization of a flavoprotein oxidase from opium poppy catalyzing the final steps in sanguinarine and papaverine biosynthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagel, Jillian M; Beaudoin, Guillaume A W; Fossati, Elena; Ekins, Andrew; Martin, Vincent J J; Facchini, Peter J

    2012-12-14

    Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a diverse class of plant specialized metabolites that includes the analgesic morphine, the antimicrobials sanguinarine and berberine, and the vasodilator papaverine. The two-electron oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine catalyzed by dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase (DBOX) is the final step in sanguinarine biosynthesis. The formation of the fully conjugated ring system in sanguinarine is similar to the four-electron oxidations of (S)-canadine to berberine and (S)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine. We report the isolation and functional characterization of an opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) cDNA encoding DBOX, a flavoprotein oxidase with homology to (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase and the berberine bridge enzyme. A query of translated opium poppy stem transcriptome databases using berberine bridge enzyme yielded several candidate genes, including an (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase-like sequence selected for heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme preferentially catalyzed the oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine to sanguinarine but also converted (RS)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine and several protoberberine alkaloids to oxidized forms, including (RS)-canadine to berberine. The K(m) values of 201 and 146 μm for dihydrosanguinarine and the protoberberine alkaloid (S)-scoulerine, respectively, suggested high concentrations of these substrates in the plant. Virus-induced gene silencing to reduce DBOX transcript levels resulted in a corresponding reduction in sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, and papaverine accumulation in opium poppy roots in support of DBOX as a multifunctional oxidative enzyme in BIA metabolism.

  19. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of salutaridine reductase from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Higashi, Yasuhiro; Smith, Thomas J.; Jez, Joseph M.; Kutchan, Toni M.

    2010-01-01

    Recombinant P. somniferum salutaridine reductase (SalR) was purified and crystallized with NADPH using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Crystals of the SalR–NADPH complex diffracted X-rays to a resolution of 1.9 Å. The opium poppy Papaver somniferum is the source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. Salutaridine reductase (SalR; EC 1.1.1.248) reduces the C-7 keto group of salutaridine to the C-7 (S)-hydroxyl group of salutaridinol in the biosynthetic pathway that leads to morphine in the opium poppy plant. P. somniferum SalR was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified using cobalt-affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Hexagonal crystals belonging to space group P6 4 22 or P6 2 22 were obtained using ammonium sulfate as precipitant and diffracted to a resolution of 1.9 Å

  20. Avaliação de extratos vegetais no controle de mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em abóbora Evaluation of plant extracts in the control of whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B in squash

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Marcus Freire Vieira Lima

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Duch. é uma cultura de importância para a agricultura familiar da região Nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, a ocorrência do prateamento das folhas da aboboreira ocasionado pela mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B limita sua produção, causando prejuízos aos agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de extratos vegetais sobre o nível populacional de ninfas de mosca-branca em abóbora cv. Jacarezinho. O experimento foi instalado em campo experimental, em blocos casualizados, constituído de seis tratamentos e três repetições. As aplicações dos extratos vegetais foram feitas com intervalo de sete dias, fazendo-se uso de substâncias extraídas das seguintes plantas: canudo (Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, mamona (Ricinus communis L., tinguí (Mascagnia rigida Griseb, cardo-santo (Argemone mexicana L., e o óleo comercial Natuneem®. Todos os extratos vegetais obtiveram eficiência no controle de ninfas B. tabaci, sendo o R. communis (75,49%, M. rigida (73,99%, I. carnea (72,24%, óleo de nim (70,4% e A. mexicana (69,16%.The squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. is an important crop for family farmers in the northeast of Brazil. However, the occurrence of leaf silvering caused by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, limits production, causing losses to farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of plant extracts on the population levels of whitefly nymphs on the squash cv. Jacarezinho. The experiment was conducted at an experimental field, in a randomized block design consisting of six treatments and three replications. Applications of plant extracts were made at an interval of seven days, making use of substances extracted from the following plants: Ipomoea carnea subsp. Fistulosa, castor bean (Ricinus communis L., Tingui (Mascagnia rigida Griseb, cardo-santo (Argemone mexicana L., and the commercial oil product Natuneem ®. All of the plant extracts were

  1. Local infection of opium poppy leaves by Peronospora somniferi sporangia can give rise to systemic infections and seed infection in resistant cultivars

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Montes-Borrego, M.; Muñoz-Ledesma, F.J.; Jiménez-Díaz, R.M.; Landa, B.B.

    2017-07-01

    Downy mildew (DM) of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) caused by Peronospora somniferi is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop due to the systemic nature of infection as compared with local infections caused by Peronospora meconopsidis, the other downy mildew pathogen of this crop. We developed an inoculation method using Peronospora somniferi sporangia as inoculum and demonstrated for the first time that local infection of leaves by sporangia give rise to systemic infections in the plant as well as of seeds. Our results also showed that this inoculation protocol was very effective in reproducing disease symptoms and assessing the resistance response to DM in opium poppy genotypes under field conditions. More interestingly, results indicate that up to 100% of seed samples from some genotypes showing a complete (symptomless) resistant phenotype were infected by the pathogen when seeds were analyzed by a P. somniferi-specific nested-PCR protocol. This latter aspect deserves further attention while breeding opium poppy for resistance to P. somniferi.

  2. Local infection of opium poppy leaves by Peronospora somniferi sporangia can give rise to systemic infections and seed infection in resistant cultivars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Montes-Borrego, M.; Muñoz-Ledesma, F.J.; Jiménez-Díaz, R.M.; Landa, B.B.

    2017-01-01

    Downy mildew (DM) of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) caused by Peronospora somniferi is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop due to the systemic nature of infection as compared with local infections caused by Peronospora meconopsidis, the other downy mildew pathogen of this crop. We developed an inoculation method using Peronospora somniferi sporangia as inoculum and demonstrated for the first time that local infection of leaves by sporangia give rise to systemic infections in the plant as well as of seeds. Our results also showed that this inoculation protocol was very effective in reproducing disease symptoms and assessing the resistance response to DM in opium poppy genotypes under field conditions. More interestingly, results indicate that up to 100% of seed samples from some genotypes showing a complete (symptomless) resistant phenotype were infected by the pathogen when seeds were analyzed by a P. somniferi-specific nested-PCR protocol. This latter aspect deserves further attention while breeding opium poppy for resistance to P. somniferi.

  3. Quantitative 1H NMR metabolomics reveals extensive metabolic reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism in elicitor-treated opium poppy cell cultures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vogel Hans J

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has emerged as a model system to study plant alkaloid metabolism. The plant is cultivated as the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, but also produces many other alkaloids including the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. Modulations in plant secondary metabolism as a result of environmental perturbations are often associated with the altered regulation of other metabolic pathways. As a key component of our functional genomics platform for opium poppy we have used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR metabolomics to investigate the interplay between primary and secondary metabolism in cultured opium poppy cells treated with a fungal elicitor. Results Metabolite fingerprinting and compound-specific profiling showed the extensive reprogramming of primary metabolic pathways in association with the induction of alkaloid biosynthesis in response to elicitor treatment. Using Chenomx NMR Suite v. 4.6, a software package capable of identifying and quantifying individual compounds based on their respective signature spectra, the levels of 42 diverse metabolites were monitored over a 100-hour time course in control and elicitor-treated opium poppy cell cultures. Overall, detectable and dynamic changes in the metabolome of elicitor-treated cells, especially in cellular pools of carbohydrates, organic acids and non-protein amino acids were detected within 5 hours after elicitor treatment. The metabolome of control cultures also showed substantial modulations 80 hours after the start of the time course, particularly in the levels of amino acids and phospholipid pathway intermediates. Specific flux modulations were detected throughout primary metabolism, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, nitrogen assimilation, phospholipid/fatty acid synthesis and the shikimate pathway, all of which

  4. Determination of fatty acid, tocopherol and phyto sterol contents of the oils of various poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Enric, H.; Tekin, A.; Musa Ozcan, M.

    2009-07-01

    The fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of the oils of several poppy seeds were investigated. The main fatty acids in poppy seed oils were linoleic (687.6-739.2 g kg{sup -}1), oleic (141.3-192.8 g kg{sup -}1) and palmitic (76.8-92.8 g kg{sup -}1). The oils contained an appreciable amount of {gamma}-tocopherol (195.37-280.85 mg kg{sup -}1), with a mean value of 261.31 mg kg-1 and {alpha}-tocopherol (21.99-45.83 mg kg{sup -}1), with a mean value of 33.03 mg kg{sup -}1. The concentrations of total sterol ranged from 1099.84 mg kg{sup -}1 (K.pembe) to 4816.10 mg kg-1 (2. sinif beyaz), with a mean value of 2916.20 mg kg{sup -}1. The major sterols were {beta}-sitosterol, ranging from 663.91 to 3244.39 mg kg{sup -}1; campesterol, ranging from 228.59 to 736.50 mg kg{sup -}1; and {delta}{sup 5}-avenasterol, ranging from 103.90 to 425.02 mg kg{sup -}1. The studied varieties of poppy seeds from Turkey were found to be a potential source of valuable oil. (Author) 31 refs.

  5. Comportamiento experimental del Sporothrix schenckii y la Leishmania mexicana en el hamster Experimental behavior of Sporothrix schenckii and Leishmania mexicana in hamsters

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Angela González de Polanía

    1990-10-01

    Full Text Available La descripción macroscópica del proceso de patogénesis en hamsters inoculados subcutáneamente en nariz con Sporothrix schenckii ó Leishmania mexicana spp. proporcionó bases para diferenciar estos dos microorganismos en un modelo animal utilizado comunmente para estudiarlos. Observaciones secuenciales durante 150 días permitieron afirmar que en las infecciones causadas por estos patógenos se presentaron edema y eritema como signos primarios, seguidos de alopecia, necrosis y ulceración. La producción de pus fué una característica distintiva para el S. schenckii. Estos signos clínicos se observaron más temprano en la esporotricosis que en la infección por L. mexicana, mostrando diferencias estadísticas significantes en días promedio de aparición. El presente trabajo muestra que las lesiones producidas tanto por el S. schenckii como la L. mexicana en este modelo experimental comparten signos clínicos, pero el tiempo de aparición de los mismos y su frecuencia relativa permiten diferenciarlas. Las condiciones de inoculación como: cepa de los microorganismos, dosis del inóculo, sitio y vía de inoculación, deben tenerse presentes en la evaluación de su comportamiento experimental.The macroscopic description of the pathogenic process of Sporothrix schenckii and Leishmania mexicana spp in hamsters inoculated subcutaneously in the nose provided bases for the differentiation of the behavior of these two microorganisms in a model frequently utilized for their study. Sequential observations over 150 days demonstrated that infections caused by these pathogens results initially in edema and erythema followed by loss of hair, necrosis and ulceration. The pus production was a characteristic presented only by S. schenckii. These clinical signs were observed earlier in sporotrichosis than in L. mexicana infection. Differences in the mean day of appearance were statistically significant. The lesions produced by S. schenckii and L. mexicana

  6. Integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses reveals the components of alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy cell cultures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Desgagné-Penix, Isabel; Khan, Morgan F; Schriemer, David C; Cram, Dustin; Nowak, Jacek; Facchini, Peter J

    2010-11-18

    Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) is the source for several pharmaceutical benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, the codeine and sanguinarine. In response to treatment with a fungal elicitor, the biosynthesis and accumulation of sanguinarine is induced along with other plant defense responses in opium poppy cell cultures. The transcriptional induction of alkaloid metabolism in cultured cells provides an opportunity to identify components of this process via the integration of deep transcriptome and proteome databases generated using next-generation technologies. A cDNA library was prepared for opium poppy cell cultures treated with a fungal elicitor for 10 h. Using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing, 427,369 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with an average length of 462 bp were generated. Assembly of these sequences yielded 93,723 unigenes, of which 23,753 were assigned Gene Ontology annotations. Transcripts encoding all known sanguinarine biosynthetic enzymes were identified in the EST database, 5 of which were represented among the 50 most abundant transcripts. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of total protein extracts from cell cultures treated with a fungal elicitor for 50 h facilitated the identification of 1,004 proteins. Proteins were fractionated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and digested with trypsin prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Query of an opium poppy-specific EST database substantially enhanced peptide identification. Eight out of 10 known sanguinarine biosynthetic enzymes and many relevant primary metabolic enzymes were represented in the peptide database. The integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses provides an effective platform to catalogue the components of secondary metabolism, and to identify genes encoding uncharacterized enzymes. The establishment of corresponding transcript and protein databases generated by next-generation technologies in a system with a well-defined metabolite profile facilitates

  7. The rules of drug taking: wine and poppy derivatives in the Ancient World. VIII. Lack of evidence of opium addiction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nencini, P

    1997-09-01

    The widespread therapeutic use of opium and its probable ritual use is faced with the absence of any explicit description of cases of opium dependence. It is possible that this was due to a lack of diagnostic capability. However, even the attempt to uncover cases of opium dependence by systematically analyzing the literary passages in which poppies, opium, and meconium are quoted are unsuccessful. The only two cases of suspected opium addiction that can be selected in this way are those of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Ovid. The most parsimonious interpretation is the lack of an hedonic use of poppy derivatives, being that this kind of use is the most frequently connected with the development of addiction.

  8. Pattern of quantitative inheritance of yield and component traits in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurya Krishna Nand

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Generation mean analysis of cross NB-5x58/1 and its reciprocal cross was carried out to understand the nature of gene action in opium poppy. The significance of A, B, C and D scaling tests indicated presence of non-allelic interaction in the inheritance of traits except capsule size and husk yield/plant for reciprocal cross. Additive as well as dominance components of gene action were found in both the crosses. Most of the traits had greater non fixable dominance ‘h’ and dominance x dominance effects ‘l’ than fixable additive (d and additive x additive effects (i except leaves/plant, branches/plant, capsules/plant, stem diameter, capsule weight/plant, husk yield/plant, opium yield/plant, codeine and narcotine content which showed greater importance of additive (d and additive x additive effects (i effects. Inter-mating of the best parents, diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early segregating generations followed by recurrent selections were suggested for genetic improvement of opium poppy.

  9. Oil content and fatty acids composition of poppy seeds cultivated in two localities of Slovakia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lančaričová Andrea

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Oil content, fatty acids profile, acid and saponification values of poppy seeds grown on two localities of the Slovak Republic were evaluated in the study. Statistically significant effects of locality, genotype and their interaction (P < 0.05 for numerous descriptors were proved by non-parametric tests. Results confirmed that variation in the analysed parameters was influenced by the colour of seeds. Ochre variety Redy contained the highest oil level in both localities (49.9 and 52.4% and linoleic acid level (74.3 and 71.6%. White-seeded Racek and Albín had the highest acid value (2.8 and 2.4% of free fatty acids and grey-seeded Malsar and blue-seeded Maratón contained the highest saponification value. Buddha, a high-morphine poppy variety, differed significantly in all monitored parameters. High negative interrelation between linoleic and oleic acids levels was observed. Oil content was positively correlated with linoleic acid and negatively with oleic acid. Weather conditions at the end of vegetation influenced the accumulation of oil and essential linoleic acid.

  10. Morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy involves two cell types: sieve elements and laticifers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Onoyovwe, Akpevwe; Hagel, Jillian M; Chen, Xue; Khan, Morgan F; Schriemer, David C; Facchini, Peter J

    2013-10-01

    Immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics were used to establish the cell type-specific localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Polyclonal antibodies for each of six enzymes involved in converting (R)-reticuline to morphine detected corresponding antigens in sieve elements of the phloem, as described previously for all upstream enzymes transforming (S)-norcoclaurine to (S)-reticuline. Validated shotgun proteomics performed on whole-stem and latex total protein extracts generated 2031 and 830 distinct protein families, respectively. Proteins corresponding to nine morphine biosynthetic enzymes were represented in the whole stem, whereas only four of the final five pathway enzymes were detected in the latex. Salutaridine synthase was detected in the whole stem, but not in the latex subproteome. The final three enzymes converting thebaine to morphine were among the most abundant active latex proteins despite a limited occurrence in laticifers suggested by immunofluorescence labeling. Multiple charge isoforms of two key O-demethylases in the latex were revealed by two-dimensional immunoblot analysis. Salutaridine biosynthesis appears to occur only in sieve elements, whereas conversion of thebaine to morphine is predominant in adjacent laticifers, which contain morphine-rich latex. Complementary use of immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics has substantially resolved the cellular localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy.

  11. Leishmania mexicana Gp63 cDNA Using Gene Gun Induced Higher Immunity to L. mexicana Infection Compared to Soluble Leishmania Antigen in BALB/C

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rezvan, H; Rees, R; Ali, SA

    2011-01-01

    Background Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub tropical countries. Many attempts have been made and different strategies have been approached to develop a potent vaccine against Leishmania. DNA immunisation is a method, which is shown to be effective in Leishmania vaccination. Leishmania Soluble Antigen (SLA) has also recently been used Leishmania vaccination. Methods The immunity generated by SLA and L. mexicana gp63 cDNA was compared in groups of 6 mice, which were statistically analysed by student t- test with the P-value of 0.05. SLA was administered by two different methods; intramuscular injection and injection of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with SLA. L. mexicana gp63 cDNA was administered by the gene gun. Results Immunisation of BALB/c mice with L. mexicana gp63 resulted in high levels of Th1-type immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity, which were accompanied with protection induced by the immunisation against L. mexicana infection. In contrast, administration of SLA, produced a mixed Th1/Th2-type immune responses as well as a high level of CTL activity but did not protect mice from the infection. Conclusion The results indicate higher protection by DNA immunisation using L. mexicana gp63 cDNA compared to SLA, which is accompanied by a high level of Th1 immune response. However, the CTL activity does not necessarily correlate with the protection induced by the vaccine. Also, gene gun immunisation is a potential approach in Leishmania vaccination. These findings would be helpful in opening new windows in Leishmania vaccine research. PMID:22347315

  12. Detection of Verticillium wilt of olive trees and downy mildew of opium poppy using hyperspectral and thermal UAV imagery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calderón Madrid, Rocío; Navas Cortés, Juan Antonio; Montes Borrego, Miguel; Landa del Castillo, Blanca Beatriz; Lucena León, Carlos; Jesús Zarco Tejada, Pablo

    2014-05-01

    The present study explored the use of high-resolution thermal, multispectral and hyperspectral imagery as indicators of the infections caused by Verticillium wilt (VW) in olive trees and downy mildew (DM) in opium poppy fields. VW, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, and DM, caused by the biotrophic obligate oomycete Peronospora arborescens, are the most economically limiting diseases of olive trees and opium poppy, respectively, worldwide. V. dahliae infects the plant by the roots and colonizes its vascular system, blocking water flow and eventually inducing water stress. P. arborescens colonizes the mesophyll, appearing the first symptoms as small chlorotic leaf lesions, which can evolve to curled and thickened tissues and systemic infections that become deformed and necrotic as the disease develops. The work conducted to detect VW and DM infection consisted on the acquisition of time series of airborne thermal, multispectral and hyperspectral imagery using 2-m and 5-m wingspan electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in spring and summer of three consecutive years (2009 to 2011) for VW detection and on three dates in spring of 2009 for DM detection. Two 7-ha commercial olive orchards naturally infected with V. dahliae and two opium poppy field plots artificially infected by P. arborescens were flown. Concurrently to the airborne campaigns, olive orchards and opium poppy fields were assessed "in situ" to assess actual VW severity and DM incidence. Furthermore, field measurements were conducted at leaf and crown level. The field results related to VW detection showed a significant increase in crown temperature (Tc) minus air temperature (Ta) and a decrease in leaf stomatal conductance (G) as VW severity increased. This reduction in G was associated with a significant increase in the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI570) and a decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence. DM asymptomatic leaves showed significantly higher NDVI and lower green/red index

  13. Integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses reveals the components of alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy cell cultures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schriemer David C

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Papaver somniferum (opium poppy is the source for several pharmaceutical benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, the codeine and sanguinarine. In response to treatment with a fungal elicitor, the biosynthesis and accumulation of sanguinarine is induced along with other plant defense responses in opium poppy cell cultures. The transcriptional induction of alkaloid metabolism in cultured cells provides an opportunity to identify components of this process via the integration of deep transcriptome and proteome databases generated using next-generation technologies. Results A cDNA library was prepared for opium poppy cell cultures treated with a fungal elicitor for 10 h. Using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing, 427,369 expressed sequence tags (ESTs with an average length of 462 bp were generated. Assembly of these sequences yielded 93,723 unigenes, of which 23,753 were assigned Gene Ontology annotations. Transcripts encoding all known sanguinarine biosynthetic enzymes were identified in the EST database, 5 of which were represented among the 50 most abundant transcripts. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS of total protein extracts from cell cultures treated with a fungal elicitor for 50 h facilitated the identification of 1,004 proteins. Proteins were fractionated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and digested with trypsin prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Query of an opium poppy-specific EST database substantially enhanced peptide identification. Eight out of 10 known sanguinarine biosynthetic enzymes and many relevant primary metabolic enzymes were represented in the peptide database. Conclusions The integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses provides an effective platform to catalogue the components of secondary metabolism, and to identify genes encoding uncharacterized enzymes. The establishment of corresponding transcript and protein databases generated by next-generation technologies in a

  14. Coca and poppy eradication in Colombia: environmental and human health assessment of aerially applied glyphosate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Solomon, Keith R; Anadón, Arturo; Carrasquilla, Gabriel; Cerdeira, Antonio L; Marshall, Jon; Sanin, Luz-Helena

    2007-01-01

    The production of coca and poppy as well as the processing and production of cocaine and heroin involve significant environmental impacts. Both coca and poppy are grown intensively in a process that involves the clearing of land in remote areas, the planting of the crop, and protection against pests such as weeds, insects, and pathogens. The aerial spray program to control coca and poppy production in Colombia with the herbicide glyphosate is conducted with modern state-of-the-art aircraft and spray equipment. As a result of the use of best available spray and navigation technology, the likelihood of accidental off-target spraying is small and is estimated to be less than 1% of the total area sprayed. Estimated exposures in humans resulting from direct overspray, contact with treated foliage after reentry to fields, inhalation, diet, and drinking water were small and infrequent. Analyses of surface waters in five watersheds showed that, on most occasions, glyphosate was not present at measurable concentrations; only two samples had residues just above the method detection limit of 25 microg/L. Concentrations of glyphosate in air were predicted to be very small because of negligible volatility. Glyphosate in soils that are directly sprayed will be tightly bound and biologically unavailable and have no residual activity. Concentrations of glyphosate plus Cosmo-Flux will be relatively large in shallow surface waters that are directly oversprayed (maximum instantaneous concentration of 1,229microgAE/L in water 30cm deep); however, no information was available on the number of fields in close proximity to surface waters, and thus it was not possible to estimate the likelihood of such contamination. The formulation used in Colombia, a mixture of glyphosate and Cosmo-Flux, has low toxicity to mammals by all routes of exposure, although some temporary eye irritation may occur. Published epidemiological studies have not suggested a strong or consistent linkage between

  15. Leishmania (L. mexicana infected bats in Mexico: novel potential reservoirs.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Berzunza-Cruz

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, an endemic zoonosis affecting a growing number of patients in the southeastern states of Mexico. Some foci are found in shade-grown cocoa and coffee plantations, or near perennial forests that provide rich breeding grounds for the sand fly vectors, but also harbor a variety of bat species that live off the abundant fruits provided by these shade-giving trees. The close proximity between sand flies and bats makes their interaction feasible, yet bats infected with Leishmania (L. mexicana have not been reported. Here we analyzed 420 bats from six states of Mexico that had reported patients with leishmaniasis. Tissues of bats, including skin, heart, liver and/or spleen were screened by PCR for Leishmania (L. mexicana DNA. We found that 41 bats (9.77%, belonging to 13 species, showed positive PCR results in various tissues. The infected tissues showed no evidence of macroscopic lesions. Of the infected bats, 12 species were frugivorous, insectivorous or nectarivorous, and only one species was sanguivorous (Desmodus rotundus, and most of them belonged to the family Phyllostomidae. The eco-region where most of the infected bats were caught is the Gulf Coastal Plain of Chiapas and Tabasco. Through experimental infections of two Tadarida brasiliensis bats in captivity, we show that this species can harbor viable, infective Leishmania (L. mexicana parasites that are capable of infecting BALB/c mice. We conclude that various species of bats belonging to the family Phyllostomidae are possible reservoir hosts for Leishmania (L. mexicana, if it can be shown that such bats are infective for the sand fly vector. Further studies are needed to determine how these bats become infected, how long the parasite remains viable inside these potential hosts and whether they are infective to sand flies to fully evaluate their impact on disease epidemiology.

  16. Leishmania (L.) mexicana Infected Bats in Mexico: Novel Potential Reservoirs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berzunza-Cruz, Miriam; Rodríguez-Moreno, Ángel; Gutiérrez-Granados, Gabriel; González-Salazar, Constantino; Stephens, Christopher R.; Hidalgo-Mihart, Mircea; Marina, Carlos F.; Rebollar-Téllez, Eduardo A.; Bailón-Martínez, Dulce; Balcells, Cristina Domingo; Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos N.; Sánchez-Cordero, Víctor; Becker, Ingeborg

    2015-01-01

    Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, an endemic zoonosis affecting a growing number of patients in the southeastern states of Mexico. Some foci are found in shade-grown cocoa and coffee plantations, or near perennial forests that provide rich breeding grounds for the sand fly vectors, but also harbor a variety of bat species that live off the abundant fruits provided by these shade-giving trees. The close proximity between sand flies and bats makes their interaction feasible, yet bats infected with Leishmania (L.) mexicana have not been reported. Here we analyzed 420 bats from six states of Mexico that had reported patients with leishmaniasis. Tissues of bats, including skin, heart, liver and/or spleen were screened by PCR for Leishmania (L.) mexicana DNA. We found that 41 bats (9.77%), belonging to 13 species, showed positive PCR results in various tissues. The infected tissues showed no evidence of macroscopic lesions. Of the infected bats, 12 species were frugivorous, insectivorous or nectarivorous, and only one species was sanguivorous (Desmodus rotundus), and most of them belonged to the family Phyllostomidae. The eco-region where most of the infected bats were caught is the Gulf Coastal Plain of Chiapas and Tabasco. Through experimental infections of two Tadarida brasiliensis bats in captivity, we show that this species can harbor viable, infective Leishmania (L.) mexicana parasites that are capable of infecting BALB/c mice. We conclude that various species of bats belonging to the family Phyllostomidae are possible reservoir hosts for Leishmania (L.) mexicana, if it can be shown that such bats are infective for the sand fly vector. Further studies are needed to determine how these bats become infected, how long the parasite remains viable inside these potential hosts and whether they are infective to sand flies to fully evaluate their impact on disease epidemiology. PMID:25629729

  17. Efficacy of oral iodized peanut oil is greater than that of iodized poppy seed oil among Indonesian schoolchildren

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Untoro, J.; Schultink, J.W.; West, C.E.; Gross, R.; Hautvast, J.G.A.J.

    2006-01-01

    Background: Oral iodized poppy seed oil is an appropriate measure for controlling iodine deficiency in areas where iodized salt is not yet available. However, a more effective and cheaper iodized oil preparation is needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of iodized

  18. NKT cell activation by Leishmania mexicana LPG: Description of a novel pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zamora-Chimal, Jaime; Fernández-Figueroa, Edith A; Ruiz-Remigio, Adriana; Wilkins-Rodríguez, Arturo A; Delgado-Domínguez, José; Salaiza-Suazo, Norma; Gutiérrez-Kobeh, Laila; Becker, Ingeborg

    2017-02-01

    NKT cells have been associated with protection against Leishmania donovani, yet their role in infections with Leishmania mexicana has not been addressed, nor has the activation pathway been defined after stimulation with Leishmania mexicana lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We analyzed the activation of NKT cells and their cytokine production in response to Leishmania mexicana LPG. Additionally we compared NKT-cell numbers and cytokine profile in lymph nodes of skin lesions induced by Leishmania mexicana in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. We show that LPG activates NKT cells primarily through the indirect pathway, initiating with TLR2 stimulation of dendritic cells (DC), thereby enhancing TLR2, MHC II, and CD86 expressions and IL-12p70 production. This leads to IFN-γ production by NKT cells. C57BL/6 mice showed enhanced DC activation, which correlated with augmented IFN-γ production by NKT cells. Additionally, infected C57BL/6 mice showed elevated percentages of NKT cells with higher IFN-γ and IL-4 production in lymph nodes. We conclude that the response of NKT cells towards Leishmania mexicana LPG initiates with the indirect activation, after binding of LPG to TLR2 in DC. This indirect activation pathway enables NKT cells to produce IFN-γ during the innate phase of Leishmania infection, the magnitude of which differs between mouse strains. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

  19. Impact of Leishmania mexicana infection on dendritic cell signaling and functions.

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    Irazú Contreras

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Leishmania parasites have the ability to modify macrophage signaling pathways in order to survive and multiply within its mammalian host. They are also known to invade other cells including neutrophils, fibroblasts and dendritic cells (DCs. DCs have an important role in immunity as the link between innate and adaptive immunity, necessary for the development of an effective response; however, the impact of Leishmania mexicana infection on DCs has been poorly studied. Herein, we report that Leishmania infection rapidly induced DC protein tyrosine phosphatases activity, leading to MAP kinases inactivation. In line with this, L. mexicana was found to decrease the nuclear translocation of transcription factors such as AP-1 and NF-κB. Concomitantly, L. mexicana-infected DCs showed reduced expression of several surface antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules upon LPS stimulation. Leishmania-induced interference on DC maturation was further reflected by their reduced capacity to present OVA antigen to OVA-specific T cells, as shown by abrogation of IL-2 production by the T cells. Collectively, our data revealed that DC infection by L. mexicana appears to affect the cellular and immunological mechanisms necessary for the development of an effective and protective immune response, therefore favouring the survival and propagation of the parasite within its host.

  20. Panorama de la violencia estatal en las entidades federativas mexicanas

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Aguirre, Manuel Ernesto

    2018-01-01

    Resumen: ¿Qué factores inciden en la violencia estatal de las entidades federativas mexicanas en el nivel estatal de gobierno? Desde la perspectiva del modelo maximizador (cálculo costo-beneficio), este artículo analiza la influencia de la democracia electoral y las capacidades estatales sobre la violencia estatal en México, aprovechando la heterogeneidad de las entidades federativas mexicanas. A partir de la estimación de modelos estadísticos con una base original de datos tipo panel, el te...

  1. ELEMENTOS ESENCIALES PARA EL ÉXITO DE LAS EMPRESAS MEXICANAS

    OpenAIRE

    Rios Manríquez Sanjuana Martha; Ferrer Guerra Julián; Regalado Hernandez Rafael

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo presenta un análisis de las estrategias que siguen las empresas mexicanas para posicionarse a nivel global. Respondiendo a dos preguntas de investigación: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias que permiten a las empresas crear ventajas competitivas? ¿Qué impacto tiene la adopción de estrategias en estas empresas? Para realizar el análisis se utiliza información de quince empresas que cotiza en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores y que de alguna forma pueden ser consideradas como empresasas mexica...

  2. Mechanism of action of relaxant effect of Agastache mexicana ssp.mexicana essential oil in guinea-pig trachea smooth muscle.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Navarrete, Andrés; Ávila-Rosas, Natalia; Majín-León, Mateo; Balderas-López, José Luis; Alfaro-Romero, Alejandro; Tavares-Carvalho, José Carlos

    2017-12-01

    Agastache mexicana ssp. mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling (Lamiaceae), popularly known as 'toronjil morado', is used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as hypertension, anxiety and respiratory disorders. This study investigates the relaxant action mechanism of A. mexicana ssp. mexicana essential oil (AMEO) in guinea-pig isolated trachea model. AMEO was analyzed by GC/MS. The relaxant effect of AMEO (5-50 μg/mL) was tested in guinea-pig trachea pre-contracted with carbachol (3 × 10  -   6  M) or histamine (3 × 10  -   5  M) in the presence or absence of glibenclamide (10  -   5  M), propranolol (3 × 10  -   6  M) or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (10  -   5  M). The antagonist effect of AMEO (10-300 μg/mL) against contractions elicited by carbachol (10  -   15 -10  -   3  M), histamine (10  -   15 -10  -   3  M) or calcium (10-300 μg/mL) was evaluated. Essential oil composition was estragole, d-limonene and linalyl anthranilate. AMEO relaxed the carbachol (EC 50  =   18.25 ± 1.03 μg/mL) and histamine (EC 50  =   13.3 ± 1.02 μg/mL)-induced contractions. The relaxant effect of AMEO was not modified by the presence of propranolol, glibenclamide or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, suggesting that effect of AMEO is not related to β 2 -adrenergic receptors, ATP-sensitive potassium channels or adenylate cyclase activation. AMEO was more potent to antagonize histamine (pA 2 ' = -1.507 ± 0.122) than carbachol (pA 2 ' = -2.180 ± 0.357). Also, AMEO antagonized the calcium chloride-induced contractions. The results suggest that relaxant effect of AMEO might be due to blockade of calcium influx in guinea-pig trachea smooth muscle. It is possible that estragole and d-limonene could contribute majority in the relaxant effect of AMEO.

  3. Las telenovelas juveniles mexicanas y las adolescentas obesas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania Meza

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación analiza la opresión por cuerpo (obesidad a la que las mujeres son sometidas dentro del sistema patriarcal durante la adolescencia, específicamente a través de la representación televisiva que de las jóvenes gordas se hace en la telenovela juvenil mexicana. Los enormes niveles de audiencia que poseen las telenovelas en nuestro país hace indispensable, para los estudios de género desde las ciencias dela comunicación, estudiar el papel de las mujeres en dichas teleseries. En este análisis se pretende mostrar la triple marginación a la que son sometidas las adolescentes obesas en las telenovelas juveniles mexicanas: por ser mujeres, por ser jóvenes y por ser gordas.

  4. Antioxidant status of erythrocytes and their response to oxidative challenge in humans with argemone oil poisoning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babu, Challagundla K.; Khanna, Subhash K.; Das, Mukul

    2008-01-01

    Oxidative damage of biomolecules and antioxidant status in erythrocytes of humans from an outbreak of argemone oil (AO) poisoning in Kannauj (India) and AO intoxicated experimental animals was investigated. Erythrocytes of the dropsy patients and AO treated rats were found to be more susceptible to 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced peroxidative stress. Significant decrease in RBC glutathione (GSH) levels (46, 63%) with concomitant enhancement in oxidized glutathione (172, 154%) levels was noticed in patients and AO intoxicated animals. Further, depletion of glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (42-52%) was observed in dropsy patients. Oxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins was increased (120-144%) in patients and AO treated animals (112-137%) along with 8-OHdG levels in whole blood (180%) of dropsy patients. A significant reduction in α-tocopherol content (68%) was noticed in erythrocytes of dropsy patients and hepatic, plasma and RBCs of AO treated rats (59-70%) thereby indicating the diminished antioxidant potential to scavenge free radicals or the limited transport of α-tocopherol from liver to RBCs leading to enhanced oxidation of lipids and proteins in erythrocytes. These studies implicate an important role of erythrocyte degradation in production of anemia and breathlessness in epidemic dropsy

  5. Temporal and spatial distribution of Leishmania mexicana infections in a population of Neotoma micropus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raymond Russell W

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A 19-month mark-release-recapture study of Neotoma micropus with sequential screening for Leishmania mexicana was conducted in Bexar County, Texas, USA. The overall prevalence rate was 14.7% and the seasonal prevalence rates ranged from 3.8 to 26.7%. Nine incident cases were detected, giving an incidence rate of 15.5/100 rats/year. Follow-up of 101 individuals captured two or more times ranged from 14 to 462 days. Persistence of L. mexicana infections averaged 190 days and ranged from 104 to 379 days. Data on dispersal, density, dispersion, and weight are presented, and the role of N. micropus as a reservoir host for L. mexicana is discussed.

  6. ACTIVIDAD "In Vivo" DEL CLORURO DE BERBERINA FRENTE A UNA LEISHMANIASIS CUTÁNEA CAUSADA POR LA ESPECIE Leishmania mexicana mexicana 856/INS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edward J Acero M

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available En una leishmaniasis experimental inducida con Leishmania mexicana mexicana en hocico de hamsters dorados Mesocricetus auratus, después de 30 días post infección tomando como criterio la reducción del área de lesión, dosis de 100 mg/kg. de Cloruro de Berberina intralesionales en los días 30, 33 y 36 tuvieron el mismo efecto antileishmaniásico que el Antimonial Pentavalente "Glucantime", el cual fue administrado de igual modo en dosis de 20 mg/kg/día entre los días 30 a 38. El análisis histopatológico, demostró una proliferación de células gigantes de Langhans en las pápulas tratadas con Cloruro de Berberina.

  7. Actividad "in vivo" del cloruro de berberina frente a una leishmaniasis cutánea causada por la especie Leishmania mexicana mexicana 856/INS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amador Avila T.

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available En una leishmaniasis experimental inducida con Leishmania mexicana mexicana en hocico de hamsters dorados Mesocricetus auratus, después de 30 días post infección tomando como criterio la reducción del área de lesión, dosis de 100 mg/kg. de Cloruro de Berberina intralesionales en los días 30, 33 y 36 tuvieron el mismo efecto antileishmaniásico que el Antimonial Pentavalente "Glucantime", el cual fue administrado de igual modo en dosis de 20 mg/kg/día entre los días 30 a 38. El análisis histopatológico, demostró una proliferación de células gigantes de Langhans en las pápulas tratadas con Cloruro de Berberina.

  8. Determinação de atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas de uso popular como antiflamatório

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Caetano

    Full Text Available Antimicrobial activities of “babaçu” (Orbignya martiana, “cardo santo” (Argemone mexicana, “mentrasto” (Ageratum conyzoides, “cavalinha” (Equisetum yeamalis and “terramicina” (Alternanthera brasiliana, used by Brazilian population as antiinflamatory medicine, were studied on Staphylococcus aureus. The freezer dried hydroalcoholic extracts solutions were tested for 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which two of those are methicillin resistant (MRSA. The diffusion method on agar-agar, using holes technique, with tetracycline chlorydrate as standard. “Babaçu”, “cardo santo” and “terramicina” showed antimicrobial activity, within of those “terramicina” inhibited 6 strains, presenting zone inhibition of 22 mm compared to standard antibiotic (34 mm, except the seventh strain which was also tetracycline resistant.

  9. Effect of unconventional oilseeds (safflower, poppy, hemp, camelina) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Shaopu; Kreuzer, Michael; Braun, Ueli; Schwarm, Angela

    2017-08-01

    Dietary supplementation with oilseeds can reduce methane emission in ruminants, but only a few common seeds have been tested so far. This study tested safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), poppy (Papaver somniferum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds in vitro using coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) as positive controls. All the tested oilseeds suppressed methane yield (mL g -1 dry matter, up to 21%) compared to the non-supplemented control when provided at 70 g oil kg -1 dry matter, and they were as effective as coconut oil. Safflower and hemp were more effective than linseed (21% and 18% vs. 10%), whereas the effects of poppy and camelina were similar to linseed. When methane was related to digestible organic matter, only hemp and safflower seeds and coconut oil were effective compared to the non-supplemented control (up to 11%). The level of methanogenesis and the ratios of either the n-6:n-3 fatty acids or C 18 :2 :C 18 :3 in the seed lipids were not related. Unconventional oilseeds widen the spectrum of oilseeds that can be used in dietary methane mitigation. In vivo confirmation of their methane mitigating effect is still needed, and their effects on animal performance still must be determined. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  10. Biodegradation of carbamazepine using freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus and the determination of its metabolic fate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Jiu-Qiang; Kurade, Mayur B; Abou-Shanab, Reda A I; Ji, Min-Kyu; Choi, Jaeyoung; Kim, Jong Oh; Jeon, Byong-Hun

    2016-04-01

    This study evaluated the toxicity and cellular stresses of carbamazepine (CBZ) on Chlamydomonas mexicana and Scenedesmus obliquus, and its biodegradation by both microalgal species. The growth of both microalgal species decreased with increase of CBZ concentration. The growth of S. obliquus was significantly inhibited (97%) at 200 mg CBZ L(-1), as compared to the control after 10days; whereas, C. mexicana showed 30% inhibition at the same experimental conditions. Biochemical characteristics including total chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) for both species were affected by CBZ at relatively high concentration. C. mexicana and S. obliquus could achieve a maximum of 35% and 28% biodegradation of CBZ, respectively. Two metabolites (10,11-dihydro-10,11-expoxycarbamazepine and n-hydroxy-CBZ) were identified by UPLC-MS, as a result of CBZ biodegradation by C. mexicana. This study demonstrated that C. mexicana was more tolerant to CBZ and could be used for treatment of CBZ contaminated wastewater. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Tetracycline-inducible gene expression system in Leishmania mexicana

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kraeva, N.; Ishemgulova, A.; Lukeš, Julius; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 198, č. 1 (2014), s. 11-13 ISSN 0166-6851 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0032 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Leishmania mexicana * Gene expression * Tet-inducible system Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.787, year: 2014

  12. Population growth of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana predates human agricultural activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cox Murray P

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Human activities, such as agriculture, hunting, and habitat modification, exert a significant effect on native species. Although many species have suffered population declines, increased population fragmentation, or even extinction in connection with these human impacts, others seem to have benefitted from human modification of their habitat. Here we examine whether population growth in an insectivorous bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana can be attributed to the widespread expansion of agriculture in North America following European settlement. Colonies of T. b. mexicana are extremely large (~106 individuals and, in the modern era, major agricultural insect pests form an important component of their food resource. It is thus hypothesized that the growth of these insectivorous bat populations was coupled to the expansion of agricultural land use in North America over the last few centuries. Results We sequenced one haploid and one autosomal locus to determine the rate and time of onset of population growth in T. b. mexicana. Using an approximate Maximum Likelihood method, we have determined that T. b. mexicana populations began to grow ~220 kya from a relatively small ancestral effective population size before reaching the large effective population size observed today. Conclusions Our analyses reject the hypothesis that T. b. mexicana populations grew in connection with the expansion of human agriculture in North America, and instead suggest that this growth commenced long before the arrival of humans. As T. brasiliensis is a subtropical species, we hypothesize that the observed signals of population growth may instead reflect range expansions of ancestral bat populations from southern glacial refugia during the tail end of the Pleistocene.

  13. Unraveling Additional O-Methylation Steps in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Purwanto, Ratmoyo; Hori, Kentaro; Yamada, Yasuyuki; Sato, Fumihiko

    2017-09-01

    California poppy (Eschscholzia californica), a member of the Papaveraceae family, produces many biologically active benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), such as sanguinarine, macarpine and chelerythrine. Sanguinarine biosynthesis has been elucidated at the molecular level, and its biosynthetic genes have been isolated and used in synthetic biology approaches to produce BIAs in vitro. However, several genes involved in the biosynthesis of macarpine and chelerythrine have not yet been characterized. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel O-methyltransferase (OMT) involved in the biosynthesis of partially characterized BIAs, especially chelerythrine. A search of the RNA sequence database from NCBI and PhytoMetaSyn for the conserved OMT domain identified 68 new OMT-like sequences, of which the longest 22 sequences were selected based on sequence similarity. Based on their expression in cell lines with different macarpine/chelerythrine profiles, we selected three OMTs (G2, G3 and G11) for further characterization. G3 expression in Escherichia coli indicated O-methylation activity of the simple benzylisoquinolines, including reticuline and norreticuline, and the protoberberine scoulerine with dual regio-reactivities. G3 produced 7-O-methylated, 3'-O-methylated and dual O-methylated products from reticuline and norreticuline, and 9-O-methylated tetrahydrocolumbamine, 2-O-methylscoulerine and tetrahydropalmatine from scoulerine. Further enzymatic analyses suggested that G3 is a scoulerine-9-O-methyltransferase for the biosynthesis of chelerythrine in California poppy. In the present study, we discuss the physiological role of G3 in BIA biosynthesis. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  14. Validación de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale en mujeres mexicanas

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    Reyna Torres-Obregon

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La asertividad sexual constituye una dimensión fundamental de la sexualidad humana por su relación con distintos indicadores de la salud sexual. Es la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear métodos anticonceptivos y así desarrollar comportamientos saludables. Esta se mide a través de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS. Hasta la fecha, la SAS no se ha validado en población mexicana, por lo que se considera importante examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en esta población. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la SAS en una muestra de 202 mujeres mexicanas. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se confirmó la estructura trifactorial del SAS: inicio, rechazo y embarazo-enfermedades de transmisión sexual (CFI = .953; TLI = .927. Asimismo, se obtuvo una confiabilidad adecuada en las tres subescalas y, de forma global (ω = .85, sus puntuaciones correlacionaron significativamente en la dirección esperada con autoestima sexual y depresión rasgo. Se concluye que la SAS presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas en población femenina mexicana.

  15. A nested-polymerase chain reaction protocol for detection and population biology studies of Peronospora arborescens, the downy mildew pathogen of opium poppy, using herbarium specimens and asymptomatic, fresh plant tissues.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montes-Borrego, Miguel; Muñoz Ledesma, Francisco J; Jiménez-Díaz, Rafael M; Landa, Blanca B

    2009-01-01

    A sensitive nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed using either of two primer pairs that improves the in planta detection of Peronospora arborescens DNA. The new protocol represented an increase in sensitivity of 100- to 1,000-fold of detection of the oomycete in opium poppy tissue compared with the detection limit of single PCR using the same primer pairs. The new protocol allowed amplification of 5 to 0.5 fg of Peronospora arborescens DNA mixed with Papaver somniferum DNA. The protocol proved useful for amplifying Peronospora arborescens DNA from 96-year-old herbarium specimens of Papaver spp. and to demonstrate that asymptomatic, systemic infections by Peronospora arborescens can occur in wild Papaver spp. as well as in cultivated opium poppy. Also, the increase in sensitivity of the protocol made possible the detection of seedborne Peronospora arborescens in commercial opium poppy seed stocks in Spain with a high frequency, which poses a threat for pathogen spread. Direct sequencing of purified amplicons allowed alignment of a Peronospora arborescens internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence up to 730-bp long when combining the sequences obtained with the two primer sets. Maximum parsimony analysis of amplified Peronospora arborescens ITS rDNA sequences from specimens of Papaver dubium, P. hybridum, P. rhoeas, and P. somniferum from different countries indicated for the first time that a degree of host specificity may exist within populations of Peronospora arborescens. The reported protocol will be useful for epidemiological and biogeographical studies of downy mildew diseases as well as to unravel misclassification of Peronospora arborescens and Peronospora cristata, the reported causal agents of the opium poppy downy mildew disease.

  16. Nitric oxide production by Peromyscus yucatanicus (Rodentia infected with Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana

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    Elsy Nalleli Loría-Cervera

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Peromyscus yucatanicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae is a primary reservoir of Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae. Nitric oxide (NO generally plays a crucial role in the containment and elimination of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of NO produced by P. yucatanicus infected with L. (L. mexicana. Subclinical and clinical infections were established in P. yucatanicus through inoculation with 1 x 10 2 and 2.5 x 10 6 promastigotes, respectively. Peritoneal macrophages were cultured alone or co-cultured with lymphocytes with or without soluble Leishmania antigen. The level of NO production was determined using the Griess reaction. The amount of NO produced was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.0001 in co-cultured macrophages and lymphocytes than in macrophages cultured alone. No differences in NO production were found between P. yucatanicus with subclinical L. (L. mexicana infections and animals with clinical infections. These results support the hypothesis that the immunological mechanisms of NO production in P. yucatanicus are similar to those described in mouse models of leishmaniasis and, despite NO production, P. yucatanicus is unable to clear the parasite infection.

  17. Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana en el corregimiento de San Matías, municipio de Gómez Plata, Antioquia, Colombia

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    Diana Sierra

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. La leishmaniaisis es una enfermedad encontrada en focos naturales de infección donde están presentes insectos vectores y mamíferos reservorios deLeishmania. Objetivo. Registrar por primera vez la presencia de Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana Biagi, 1953, en el corregimiento de San Matías, municipio de Gómez Plata, departamento de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. La especie fue aislada de un paciente con leishmaniasis cutánea localizada e identificada por la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia utilizando anticuerpos monoclonales específicos de especie y electroforesis de enzimas . Resultados y conclusión. Su perfil isoenzimático similar al de las cepas de referencia L. (L. mexicana (MNCY/BZ/62/M379 y L. (L. mexicana (MHOM/BE/82/BEL21, permitió concluír que la especie aislada del paciente es L. (L. mexicana.

  18. Study of decolorisation of binary dye mixture by response surface methodology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khamparia, Shraddha; Jaspal, Dipika

    2017-10-01

    Decolorisation of a complex mixture of two different classes of textile dyes Direct Red 81 (DR81) and Rhodamine B (RHB), simulating one of the most important condition in real textile effluent was investigated onto deoiled Argemone Mexicana seeds (A. Mexicana). The adsorption behaviour of DR81 and RHB dyes was simultaneously analyzed in the mixture using derivative spectrophotometric method. Central composite design (CCD) was employed for designing the experiments for this complex binary mixture where significance of important parameters and possible interactions were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum adsorption of DR81 and RHB by A. Mexicana was obtained at 53 °C after 63.33 min with 0.1 g of adsorbent and 8 × 10 -6  M DR81, 12 × 10 -6  M RHB with composite desirability of 0.99. The predicted values for percentage removal of dyes from the mixture were in good agreement with the experimental values with R 2 > 96% for both the dyes. CCD superimposed RSM confirmed that presence of different dyes in a solution created a competition for the adsorbent sites and hence interaction of dyes was one of the most important factor to be studied to simulate the real effluent. The adsorbent showed remarkable adsorption capacities for both the dyes in the mixture. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Dioxygenases Catalyze O-Demethylation and O,O-Demethylenation with Widespread Roles in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Metabolism in Opium Poppy*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farrow, Scott C.; Facchini, Peter J.

    2013-01-01

    In opium poppy, the antepenultimate and final steps in morphine biosynthesis are catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases, thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) and codeine O-demethylase (CODM). Further investigation into the biochemical functions of CODM and T6ODM revealed extensive and unexpected roles for such enzymes in the metabolism of protopine, benzo[c]phenanthridine, and rhoeadine alkaloids. When assayed with a wide range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, CODM, T6ODM, and the functionally unassigned paralog DIOX2, renamed protopine O-dealkylase, showed novel and efficient dealkylation activities, including regio- and substrate-specific O-demethylation and O,O-demethylenation. Enzymes catalyzing O,O-demethylenation, which cleave a methylenedioxy bridge leaving two hydroxyl groups, have previously not been reported in plants. Similar cleavage of methylenedioxy bridges on substituted amphetamines is catalyzed by heme-dependent cytochromes P450 in mammals. Preferred substrates for O,O-demethylenation by CODM and protopine O-dealkylase were protopine alkaloids that serve as intermediates in the biosynthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine and rhoeadine derivatives. Virus-induced gene silencing used to suppress the abundance of CODM and/or T6ODM transcripts indicated a direct physiological role for these enzymes in the metabolism of protopine alkaloids, and they revealed their indirect involvement in the formation of the antimicrobial benzo[c]phenanthridine sanguinarine and certain rhoeadine alkaloids in opium poppy. PMID:23928311

  20. Dioxygenases catalyze O-demethylation and O,O-demethylenation with widespread roles in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farrow, Scott C; Facchini, Peter J

    2013-10-04

    In opium poppy, the antepenultimate and final steps in morphine biosynthesis are catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases, thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) and codeine O-demethylase (CODM). Further investigation into the biochemical functions of CODM and T6ODM revealed extensive and unexpected roles for such enzymes in the metabolism of protopine, benzo[c]phenanthridine, and rhoeadine alkaloids. When assayed with a wide range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, CODM, T6ODM, and the functionally unassigned paralog DIOX2, renamed protopine O-dealkylase, showed novel and efficient dealkylation activities, including regio- and substrate-specific O-demethylation and O,O-demethylenation. Enzymes catalyzing O,O-demethylenation, which cleave a methylenedioxy bridge leaving two hydroxyl groups, have previously not been reported in plants. Similar cleavage of methylenedioxy bridges on substituted amphetamines is catalyzed by heme-dependent cytochromes P450 in mammals. Preferred substrates for O,O-demethylenation by CODM and protopine O-dealkylase were protopine alkaloids that serve as intermediates in the biosynthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine and rhoeadine derivatives. Virus-induced gene silencing used to suppress the abundance of CODM and/or T6ODM transcripts indicated a direct physiological role for these enzymes in the metabolism of protopine alkaloids, and they revealed their indirect involvement in the formation of the antimicrobial benzo[c]phenanthridine sanguinarine and certain rhoeadine alkaloids in opium poppy.

  1. Rapid Sequestration of Leishmania mexicana by Neutrophils Contributes to the Development of Chronic Lesion.

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    Benjamin P Hurrell

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available The protozoan Leishmania mexicana parasite causes chronic non-healing cutaneous lesions in humans and mice with poor parasite control. The mechanisms preventing the development of a protective immune response against this parasite are unclear. Here we provide data demonstrating that parasite sequestration by neutrophils is responsible for disease progression in mice. Within hours of infection L. mexicana induced the local recruitment of neutrophils, which ingested parasites and formed extracellular traps without markedly impairing parasite survival. We further showed that the L. mexicana-induced recruitment of neutrophils impaired the early recruitment of dendritic cells at the site of infection as observed by intravital 2-photon microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Indeed, infection of neutropenic Genista mice and of mice depleted of neutrophils at the onset of infection demonstrated a prominent role for neutrophils in this process. Furthermore, an increase in monocyte-derived dendritic cells was also observed in draining lymph nodes of neutropenic mice, correlating with subsequent increased frequency of IFNγ-secreting T helper cells, and better parasite control leading ultimately to complete healing of the lesion. Altogether, these findings show that L. mexicana exploits neutrophils to block the induction of a protective immune response and impairs the control of lesion development. Our data thus demonstrate an unanticipated negative role for these innate immune cells in host defense, suggesting that in certain forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis, regulating neutrophil recruitment could be a strategy to promote lesion healing.

  2. Comunidades mexicanas en EU e inversión en México. Un estudio exploratorio

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    Jerjes Izcoatl Aguirre Ochoa

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza las actitudes generales de inversión en México de la población mexicana en eu, buscando precisar la intención de inversión en México por parte de aquellos individuos de origen mexicano con mayores niveles de ingreso. Los resultados muestran un interés aparente por realizar inversiones en México aun cuando estas inversiones impliquen rendimientos menores a los de mercado. Se plantea que las comunidades mexicanas en eu pueden efectivamente convertirse en poblaciones objeto de políticas de atracción de inversión extranjera directa (ied a México. Asimismo, no se aprecia que exista una percepción de ventajas étnicas para la inversión en México por parte de los entrevistados. Los resultados muestran que cualquier política de atracción de inversiones dirigidas a las comunidades mexicanas en eu implica necesariamente una mejora en los niveles de inseguridad y corrupción existentes en el país

  3. In vivo and in vitro control of Leishmania mexicana due to garlic-induced NO production.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gamboa-León, M R; Aranda-González, I; Mut-Martín, M; García-Miss, M R; Dumonteil, E

    2007-11-01

    Leishmania mexicana is the main causal agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Yucatán peninsula in Mexico. Control of this disease is associated with a Th1-type immune response and garlic extract has been reported as a Th1 immunomodulator in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. In this study, we investigated the effect of garlic extracts on L. mexicana infection in vivo and in vitro. Garlic extract reduced footpad lesions in L. mexicana-infected BALB/c mice by inducing IFN-gamma production from T cells. In vitro, garlic extract reduced macrophage infection through induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. Garlic extract may thus act on both T cells and macrophages to stimulate IFN-gamma production and NO synthesis for parasite killing. A 10- to 14-kDa fraction was identified as responsible for the in vitro effect of the whole extract and may lead to the identification of novel immunomodulating drugs and therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

  4. Leishmania mexicana: aspectos taxonómicos y rareza de la infección humana en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil

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    César Augusto Cuba Cuba

    1984-09-01

    Full Text Available Del estúdio de 51 stocks de Leishmania aislados de pacientes humanos de leishmaniasis cutaneomucosa en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil, los autores describen, en detalle, el análisis de los dos únicos stocks de L. mexicana, identificando uno de ellos como L. mexicana amazonensis. El otro aislado permanece en posición taxonómica no definida pues considerándosele como un miembro de L. mexicana, encuéntranse dificultades para su identificación subespecífica. Evaluan también los parâmetros biológicos e isoenzimáticos y discuten el papel de los anticuerpos monoclonales en la tipificación de éstos stocks. Los autores remarcan la rareza de la transmisión de parásitos del complejo L. mexicana en esta región, aun cuando estudien epidemiológicamente por mais de 8 anos la infección humana.In a study of 51 stocks of Leishmania isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil 49 were characterized as L. braziliensis braziliensis. Only two L. mexicana stocks were identified. One was subspeciated as L. mexicana amazonensis. The other differed from this species and to date remains unspeciated. The biological parameters, isoenzyme analysis and monoclonal antibody findings relating to these two strains are discussed. Transmission of parasites of the mexicana complex to man have been rare in this region during the 8 years of study of the human infection.

  5. RNA-seq Analysis of Cold and Drought Responsive Transcriptomes of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L.

    OpenAIRE

    Lu, Xiang; Zhou, Xuan; Cao, Yu; Zhou, Meixue; McNeil, David; Liang, Shan; Yang, Chengwei

    2017-01-01

    The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. is a member of teosinte, a wild relative of the Zea mays spp. mays L. This subspecies has strong growth and regeneration ability, high tiller numbers, high protein and lysine content as well as resistance to many fungal diseases, and it can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, we reported a Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. transcriptome by merging data from untreated control (CK), cold (4?C) and drought (PEG2000, 20%) treated plant samples. A ...

  6. Conexiones revolucionarias: repercusiones de la expropiación petrolera mexicana en Bolivia, 1938

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    María Cecilia Zuleta

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo trata un tema relevante en la historiografía latinoamericana como es la expropiación petrolera mexicana durante el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas y aporta información original así como un enfoque innovador que desborda las historiografías estrictamente nacionales, intentando contribuir tanto a la historia de Bolivia como a la mexicana. La expropiación mexicana de 1938 alcanzó una dimensión trasnacional más allá de sus repercusiones diplomáticas: una experiencia percibida bajo muy diversos prismas en cada país latinoamericano. ¿Cómo fue vista la expropiación mexicana en los Andes bolivianos? Se argumenta que en la Paz, y en Sucre, diversos sectores de la sociedad leyeron esa expropiación tras los filtros del conflicto con la Standard Oil of Bolivia y del debate ideológico y político en torno a la recién creada YPFB, y cargaron de otro significado este episodio nacionalista al adaptarlo al contexto boliviano, dialogando simultáneamente con el sustrato previo de recepción de la revolución mexicana en la región, así como con el especial contexto político, económico y diplomático andino. Razones de orden nacional e internacional explican las reacciones ante el episodio petrolero mexicano en Bolivia, tanto como la percepción de estas por parte de la diplomacia mexicana.This article deals with a relevant subject in Latin American historiography, that being the Mexican oil expropriation during the Lázaro Cárdenas government and provides original information as well as an innovative approach that goes beyond strictly national historiographies, with the intention of contributing both to Bolivian and Mexican history. The Mexican expropriation of 1938 reached a transnational dimension beyond its diplomatic implications; an experience perceived through quite different prisms in each Latin American country. How was the Mexican expropriation viewed in the Bolivian Andes? We have argued that in La Paz and Sucre, various

  7. Amitav ghoshs Sea of poppies (2008): a web of gender, cultural and mythic relations in the nineteenth-century colonial India

    OpenAIRE

    Regiane Corrêa de Oliveira Ramos

    2016-01-01

    This doctoral dissertation focuses on Amitav Ghoshs Sea of Poppies (2008) to investigate, from a postcolonial perspective, the way in which the writer deconstructs gender in the nineteenth-century India. In Chapter I, I analyze men and women within the Indian familial space in the nineteenth century, demonstrating how both are subjected to the disempowering effects of traditional rituals (such as sati), structures of Brahminical morality and patriarchal violence. The main character pair Deet...

  8. De una singular leche alabastrina: el pulque en la literatura mexicana del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Olea Franco, Rafael

    2010-01-01

    En este ensayo se analiza el pulque como motivo en la literatura mexicana, empezando por dos de sus representaciones más extensas: las Leyendas mexicanas de José María Roa Bárcena y Los bandidos de Río Frío de Manuel Payno. De este modo se describe cómo el primer escritor se basa en el mito y la leyenda, mientras el segundo ensaya un exhaustivo registro costumbrista basado en la amplia presencia del pulque en la cultura cotidiana del siglo XIX. Al final, mediante el examen de un ensayo de Jos...

  9. Quantitative 1H NMR metabolomics reveals extensive metabolic reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism in elicitor-treated opium poppy cell cultures

    OpenAIRE

    Zulak, Katherine G; Weljie, Aalim M; Vogel, Hans J; Facchini, Peter J

    2008-01-01

    Abstract Background Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has emerged as a model system to study plant alkaloid metabolism. The plant is cultivated as the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, but also produces many other alkaloids including the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. Modulations in plant secondary metabolism as a result of environmental perturbations are often associated with the al...

  10. Construcciones de identidad en novelas mexicanas de infancia

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    Erna Pfeiffer

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Mientras que en el siglo XIX, apogeo del bildungsroman burgués en Europa, el tema de la infancia no desempeña un papel muy importante en la literatura mexicana, es la segunda mitad del siglo XX la que verá brotar una proliferación de novelas de infancia, que parecen tener que ver con una necesidad de búsqueda de identidad, cada vez más problemática, del sujeto moderno y postmoderno. Desde Cartucho (1931 y Las manos de mamá (1937 de Nellie Campobello, llama la atención el que la mayoría de estos textos sea obra de mujeres y tengan niñas como protagonistas, incluso en terrenos tan “masculinos” como es, sin duda, la Revolución Mexicana, tratada por Campobello. El corpus analizado en el presente artículo, que abarca la segunda mitad del siglo XX, comprende doce obras, diez de las cuales fueron escritas por mujeres y ocho tienen protagonistas o narradoras femeninas (en la mayoría de los casos, estos dos roles coinciden, ya que se trata casi siempre de narraciones en primera persona, fenómeno que también puede que tenga que ver con la búsqueda de identidad.

  11. Radiosensitivity of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and morphine content in the dry capsules of M1 as influenced by Cs137 gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Popov, P.; Dimitrov, J.; Georgiev, S.; Deneva, T.

    1974-01-01

    Seeds of the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) varieties P-360, S-188 and S-230 of ssp.turcicum, Novinka 198, Hatvani and Morfin mak of ssp.eurasiaticum were irradiated with Cs 137 gamma-ray doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 krad at a dose-rate of 16 rad/min. The irradiated seeds were sown in the autumn of 1969 under field conditions and observed in M 1 . The following conclusions are made: (1) The lethal dose differs according to the individual poppy varieties. It is found to be above 40 krad for the varieties P-360 and S-188, 35 krad for Novinka 198 and 30 krad for S-230, Hatvani and Morfin mak. (2) In the M 1 generation the morphine content in the dry capsules shows a large variation depending on the variety and the irradiation dosis. (3) Irradiation-induced rise of the morphine content in the dry capsules of M 1 is higher in the varieties of ssp.turcicum than in the varieties of ssp.eurasiaticum. (M.Ts.)

  12. Prosexual Effect of Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae, False Damiana, in a Model of Male Sexual Behavior

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    R. Estrada-Reyes

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae and Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae are employed in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting the prosexual properties of C. mexicana. The aim of this study was to determine whether an aqueous extract of C. mexicana (Cm stimulates rat male sexual behavior in the sexual exhaustion paradigm. Sexually exhausted (SExh male rats were treated with Cm (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg, an aqueous extract of T. diffusa (Td, or yohimbine. The sexual exhaustion state in the control group was characterized by a low percentage of males exhibiting mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations and no males demonstrating mating behavior after ejaculation. Cm (320 mg/kg, Td, or yohimbine significantly increased the proportion of SExh rats that ejaculated and resumed copulation after ejaculation. In males that exhibited reversal of sexual exhaustion, Cm (320 mg/kg improved sexual performance by reducing the number of intromissions and shrinking ejaculation latency. The effects of treatments on sexual behavior were not related with alterations in general locomotion. In conclusion, the prosexual effects of Cm, as well as those of Td, are established at a central level, which supports the traditional use of C. mexicana for stimulating sexual activity.

  13. Prosexual Effect of Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae), False Damiana, in a Model of Male Sexual Behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Estrada-Reyes, R; Ferreyra-Cruz, O A; Jiménez-Rubio, G; Hernández-Hernández, O T; Martínez-Mota, L

    Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae) and Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae) are employed in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting the prosexual properties of C. mexicana . The aim of this study was to determine whether an aqueous extract of C. mexicana (Cm) stimulates rat male sexual behavior in the sexual exhaustion paradigm. Sexually exhausted (SExh) male rats were treated with Cm (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg), an aqueous extract of T. diffusa (Td), or yohimbine. The sexual exhaustion state in the control group was characterized by a low percentage of males exhibiting mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations and no males demonstrating mating behavior after ejaculation. Cm (320 mg/kg), Td, or yohimbine significantly increased the proportion of SExh rats that ejaculated and resumed copulation after ejaculation. In males that exhibited reversal of sexual exhaustion, Cm (320 mg/kg) improved sexual performance by reducing the number of intromissions and shrinking ejaculation latency. The effects of treatments on sexual behavior were not related with alterations in general locomotion. In conclusion, the prosexual effects of Cm, as well as those of Td, are established at a central level, which supports the traditional use of C. mexicana for stimulating sexual activity.

  14. La sociedad civil mexicana y el reto de la justicia epistémica en el regionalismo contemporáneo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    2013-01-01

    markdownabstract__Introducción__ En respuesta a la pregunta fundamental de cuáles son los retos de la sociedad civil mexicana frente al multilateralismo del siglo xxi, en este artículo se argumentará que uno de los retos más urgentes que enfrenta la sociedad civil mexicana que busca incidir

  15. Escala SERVQUAL: validación en población mexicana

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    Maria Gloria Calixto-Olalde

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La evaluación de servicios se ha vuelto una exigencia debido a una sociedad cada vez más demandante de servicios de calidad. En el área de la salud, la satisfacción del paciente se hace un indicador determinante en la mensuración de la calidad del cuidado. Con objeto de poner a disposición un instrumento válido y confiable para esa evaluación, la finalidad del presente estudio es adaptar la Escala SERVQUAL para la cultura mexicana. La adaptación cultural y semántica fue realizada por cuatro jueces peritos en el área, que evaluaron la equivalencia conceptual y cultural de los elementos de la escala. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue evaluada por el test Alfa de Cronbach con resultado α=0,74 en la escala total y análisis factorial en que fueron detectadas las cinco dimensiones de la escala, demostrando que la misma es válida y confiable para medir el servicio de enfermería en la población mexicana.

  16. Variation and Genetic Structure in Platanus mexicana (Platanaceae along Riparian Altitudinal Gradient

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    Dulce M. Galván-Hernández

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Platanus mexicana is a dominant arboreal species of riparian ecosystems. These ecosystems are associated with altitudinal gradients that can generate genetic differences in the species, especially in the extremes of the distribution. However, studies on the altitudinal effect on genetic variation to riparian species are scarce. In Mexico, the population of P. mexicana along the Colipa River (Veracruz State grows below its reported minimum altitude range, possibly the lowest where this tree grows. This suggests that altitude might be an important factor in population genetics differentiation. We examined the genetic variation and population structuring at four sites with different altitudes (70, 200, 600 and 1700 m a.s.l. using ten inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR markers. The highest value for Shannon index and Nei’s gene diversity was obtained at 1700 m a.s.l. (He = 0.27, Ne = 1.47, I = 0.42 and polymorphism reached the top value at the middle altitude (% p = 88.57. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis indicated intrapopulation genetic differentiation. The arithmetic average (UPGMA dendrogram identified 70 m a.s.l. as the most genetically distant site. The genetic structuring resulted from limited gene flow and genetic drift. This is the first report of genetic variation in populations of P. mexicana in Mexico. This research highlights its importance as a dominant species, and its ecological and evolutionary implications in altitudinal gradients of riparian ecosystems.

  17. Determination of fatty acid, tocopherol and phytosterol contents of the oils of various poppy (Papaver somniferum L. seeds.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Musa Özcan, Mehmet

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available The fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of the oils of several poppy seeds were investigated. The main fatty acids in poppy seed oils were linoleic (687.6-739.2 g kg-1, oleic (141.3-192.8 g kg-1 and palmitic (76.8-92.8 g kg-1. The oils contained an appreciable amount of -tocopherol (195.37-280.85 mg kg-1, with a mean value of 261.31 mg kg-1 and α-tocopherol (21.99-45.83 mg kg-1, with a mean value of 33.03 mg kg-1. The concentrations of total sterol ranged from 1099.84 mg kg-1 (K.pembe to 4816.10 mg kg-1 (2. sınıf beyaz, with a mean value of 2916.20 mg kg-1. The major sterols were -sitosterol, ranging from 663.91 to 3244.39 mg kg-1; campesterol, ranging from 228.59 to 736.50 mg kg-1; and Δ5-avenasterol, ranging from 103.90 to 425.02 mg kg-1. The studied varieties of poppy seeds from Turkey were found to be a potential source of valuable oil.El contenido en ácidos grasos, tocoferoles y esteroles de aceites de varias semillas de adormidera fueron investigadas. Los principales ácidos grasos en el aceite de semilla de adormidera fueron el ácido linoleico (687.6-739.2 g kg-1, ácido oleico (141.3-192.8 g kg-1 y ácidos palmítico (76.8- 92.8 g kg-1. Los aceites contienen una cantidad apreciable de -tocoferol (195.37-280.85 mg kg-1, con un valor medio de 261.31 mg kg-1 y α-tocoferol (21.99-45.83 mg kg-1, con un valor medio de 33.03 mg kg-1. La concentración total de esteroles varió desde 1099.84 mg kg-1 (K.pembe a 4816.10 mg kg-1 (2. sınıf beyaz, con un valor medio de 2916.20 mg kg-1. El principal esterol fue el -sitosterol, que varió desde 663.91 a 3244.39 mg kg-1; el campesterol, que varió desde 228.59 a 736.50 mg kg-1; y el Δ5-avenasterol, que varió desde 103.90 a 425.02 mg kg-1. Las semillas estudiadas de las diferentes variedades de adormidera de Turquía pueden ser una fuente potencial de aceites con valor añadido.

  18. Gobernanza y seguridad: Hacia una redefinición de la política migratoria mexicana, 2012-2014

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    José María Ramos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la importancia del enfoque de la gobernanza para impulsar una política migratoria mexicana más eficaz en el contexto de la violación a derechos humanos de migrantes indocumentados y con participación de diferentes actores guberna - mentales y no gubernamentales. La aportación principal del artículo es destacar un modelo de Gobernanza para Resultados ( gpr que pueda orientar hacia una implementación eficaz de la actual política migratoria mexicana, en especial, res - pecto del Programa Especial de Migración ( pem , 2014-2018 en el contexto de la inseguridad. Se parte de la premisa de que existe un enfoque limitado de gpr en la política migratoria mexicana, por lo cual, no se han reducido los factores que provocan la inseguridad y la violencia que afectan los derechos humanos de los migrantes indocumentados –nacionales y extranjeros– en territorio mexicano, de manera particular en la frontera norte.

  19. estadounidense: el caso de la berenjena mexicana

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    Carlos Javier Maya Ambía

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El mercado hortÌcola de Estados Uni- dos es el escenario de una din·mica competencia en la que se enfrentan empresas productoras-distribuidoras de naciones con muy dispares grados de desarrollo. Este artÌculo se enfoca al caso de la berenjena mexicana exportada hacia dicho paÌs, consi- derando que, a partir de su estudio, es posible repensar una serie de conceptos empleados en la inves- tigaciÛn sobre el tema. En particular, se propone, si- guiendo una idea expuesta por Van Sickle y otros autores, tomar el segmento del mercado como indi- cador de la competitividad de los oferentes. De acuerdo con este indi- cador, se trata de ubicar el posicio- namiento actual de las hortalizas mexicanas en el mercado de los Estados Unidos, comparando la berenjena con las otras hortalizas m·s importantes exportadas por MÈxico. Se busca explicar esta participaciÛn a partir de una serie de elementos, como son innovaciones tecnolÛgicas, rendimientos, costos, estrategias de comercializaciÛn y, de especial im- portancia, la atenciÛn a las normas para preservar la inocuidad alimen- taria. El caso estudiado viene a con- firmar la hipÛtesis de autores como Friedland y Bonanno, quienes sos- tienen el car·cter global de la com- petencia en los mercados hortÌcolas. El artÌculo concluye con algunas reflexiones derivadas del estudio de caso, mismas que apuntan hacia el cuestionamiento del concepto de divisiÛn internacional del trabajo.

  20. Leishmania mexicana in Didelphis marsupialis aurita in São Paulo State, Brazil

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    E. L. A. Yoshida

    1985-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi identificada pela primeira vez a presença de L. mexicana em Didelphis marsupialis aurita, no Estado de São Paulo — Município de Conchas, através de caracterização bioquímica.

  1. Derechos de propiedad e industria petrolera mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Rosío Vargas

    2013-01-01

    De un control de los recursos mineros a fines del siglo antepasado, por parte de las corporaciones internaciona- les, la industria petrolera mexicana transitó a un régimen de soberanía nacional y propiedad pública del petróleo después de 1938 que le permitió el diseño de una política económica con vocación nacional asignando varias tareas a PEMEX. La adopción del modelo neoliberal en los ochenta, como fundamento de la estrategia macroeco- nómica, fue el punto de retorno al contr...

  2. Molecular characterization using ISSR primers of Magnolia mexicana DC. from two regions in Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico

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    Jessica M. Medrano-Hernández

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Magnolia mexicana DC . es una especie amenazada según la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, situación atribuida a la fragmentación y destrucción del hábitat. No existen estudios sobre la diversidad genética de M. mexicana, a pesar de que es endémica de nuestro país. Objetivo: Evaluar la variabilidad genética en dos poblaciones de M. mexicana mediante marcadores moleculares tipo ISSR. Materiales y métodos: Las colectas provienen de Amatitla y Zapotla en Zongolica, Veracruz. El ADN se extrajo de las hojas jóvenes. Se probaron 55 iniciadores ISSR, se seleccionaron los 10 que produjeron mayor número de bandas con polimorfismo y se amplificaron por PCR. Resultados y discusión: Los iniciadores ISSR mostraron 86 % de polimorfismo. El análisis de agrupamiento, con el método de varianza mínima de Ward, fue capaz de separar las colectas por su procedencia geográfica. El análisis de varianza molecular demostró que la mayor variabilidad (90.88 % se encuentra dentro de cada población. El índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver fue de 0.47 y 0.41 para Amatitla y Zapotla, respectivamente. Conclusión: Las poblaciones de M. mexicana no han sufrido cambios en su estructura genética; no hay evidencia, a nivel genético, de alteraciones ocasionadas por la reducción de poblaciones o fragmentación del hábitat.

  3. Protective effect of topical application of α-tocopherol and/or N-acetyl cysteine on argemone oil/alkaloid-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pal, Anu; Alam, Shamshad; Singhal, Jaya; Kumar, Rahul; Ansari, Kausar M; Das, Mukul

    2013-01-01

    Since bioantioxidants in plasma of Epidemic Dropsy patients [a condition caused by consumption of adulterated mustard oil with argemone oil (AO)] were found to be significantly decreased, the beneficial effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and α-tocopherol (TOCO) against AO- or sanguinarine (SANG)-induced tumorigenicity was undertaken in mice. Topical application of TOCO and NAC either alone or in combination showed significant protection against AO/TPA- and SANG/TPA-induced skin tumorigenicity. Histopathological findings suggest that papillomatous growth in AO/TPA- and SANG/TPA-treated animals were substantially protected following topical application of TOCO or NAC. Further, treatment of TOCO and NAC either alone or in combination to AO/TPA- or SANG/TPA-induced mice significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, along with significant revival in glutathione (GSH) content and activities of tyrosinase, histidase, catalase, SOD, GSH peroxidase, and GSH reductase in skin. In vitro studies showed that TOCO and/or NAC significantly decreased the AO and SANG induced cell proliferation and activation of ERK, p38, JNK MAPKs and NF-κB signaling in HaCaT cells. In summary, TOCO and NAC may be useful in preventing the tumorigenic response of AO and SANG probably by acting as scavenger of free radicals and inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB signaling.

  4. Leishmania mexicana: aspectos taxonómicos y rareza de la infección humana en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil

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    César Augusto Cuba Cuba

    1984-09-01

    Full Text Available Del estúdio de 51 stocks de Leishmania aislados de pacientes humanos de leishmaniasis cutaneomucosa en Três Braços, Bahia, Brasil, los autores describen, en detalle, el análisis de los dos únicos stocks de L. mexicana, identificando uno de ellos como L. mexicana amazonensis. El otro aislado permanece en posición taxonómica no definida pues considerándosele como un miembro de L. mexicana, encuéntranse dificultades para su identificación subespecífica. Evaluan también los parâmetros biológicos e isoenzimáticos y discuten el papel de los anticuerpos monoclonales en la tipificación de éstos stocks. Los autores remarcan la rareza de la transmisión de parásitos del complejo L. mexicana en esta región, aun cuando estudien epidemiológicamente por mais de 8 anos la infección humana.

  5. Association of Lutzomyia columbiana (Diptera: Psychodidae) with a leishmaniasis focus in Colombia due to species of the Leishmania mexicana complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Montoya-Lerma, J; Cadena, H; Segura, I; Travi, B L

    1999-01-01

    In Colombia, Leishmania mexicana has a scattered geographical distribution and no sand fly vectors have been associated with its transmission. During the present study, the anthropophilic sand fly Lutzomyia columbiana was found to be the only species collected using diverse methods, in a small focus of Le. mexicana in the municipality of Samaniego, SW Colombia. Ecological data indicate that this sand fly species is present in both peri and intradomestic habitats, where it readily bites man. Further evidence comes from experimental infections of wild-caught Lu. columbiana with Le. mexicana after feeding on infected hamsters. Based on these results, it is suggested that this sand fly is the most likely vector in the study area, suggesting the existence of a previously unknown sand fly-parasite association.

  6. Syncytes with premeiotic mitotic and cytomictic comportment in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patra, N.K.; Chauhan, S.P.; Srivastava, H.K.

    1987-01-01

    Variations in terms of mitosis at premeiotic stage and cytomixis in multiploid microsporocytes have been recorded in mutagen treated and untreated populations raised from an inbred line S4I30 of Papaver sominiferum L. (2n = 22). In premeiotic mitosis all the chromosomes in syncytes were found to align on a single metaphase plate and separate normally in anaphase. Ploidy levels in premeiotic syncytes varied considerably from 2N to 4N in control, from 2N to 6N in 5kR-M1 and 2N to 10N in combined dose (5kR + 0.6% EMS) M1. Specific heterochromatic chromosomes were observed to be involved in cytomictic events suggesting thereby that cytomixis is a genetically manoeuvred process for the generation of syncytes. The results have been discussed from the point of view that higher ploidy level coupled with less sterility in gametes may be instrumental for variation and evolution in opium poppy

  7. Resultados perinatales en mujeres mexicanas con lupus eritematoso sistémico

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    B. Farfan-Labonne

    2017-03-01

    Conclusiones: Las mujeres mexicanas con lupus eritematoso sistémico tienen una alta incidencia de nacimiento pretérmino, preeclampsia, anemia, preeclampsia de inicio temprano, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y cesárea, si bien la incidencia de nacidos vivos está entre las más altas reportadas en la literatura.

  8. An improved strategy for the crystallization of Leishmania mexicana pyruvate kinase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morgan, Hugh P.; McNae, Iain W.; Hsin, Kun-Yi; Michels, Paul A. M.; Fothergill-Gilmore, Linda A.; Walkinshaw, Malcolm D.

    2010-01-01

    The first crystal structure of Leishmania mexicana pyruvate kinase (LmPYK) obtained at a neutral pH. LmPYK was co-crystallized with the small molecule 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid, which provides a helpful intermolecular bridge between macromolecules. The inclusion of novel small molecules in crystallization experiments has provided very encouraging results and this method is now emerging as a promising alternative strategy for crystallizing ‘problematic’ biological macromolecules. These small molecules have the ability to promote lattice formation through stabilizing intermolecular interactions in protein crystals. Here, the use of 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid (PTS), which provides a helpful intermolecular bridge between Leishmania mexicana PYK (LmPYK) macromolecules in the crystal, is reported, resulting in the rapid formation of a more stable crystal lattice at neutral pH and greatly improved X-ray diffraction results. The refined structure of the LmPYK–PTS complex revealed the negatively charged PTS molecule to be stacked between positively charged (surface-exposed) arginine side chains from neighbouring LmPYK molecules in the crystal lattice

  9. Ovarian structure and oogenesis of the extremophile viviparous teleost Poecilia mexicana (Poeciliidae) from an active sulfur spring cave in Southern Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torres-Martínez, Aarón; Hernández-Franyutti, Arlette; Uribe, Mari Carmen; Contreras-Sánchez, Wilfrido Miguel

    2017-12-01

    The structure of the ovary and oogenesis of Poecilia mexicana from an active sulfur spring cave is documented. Poecilia mexicana is the only poeciliid adapted to a subterranean environment with high hydrogen sulfide levels and extreme hypoxic conditions. Twenty females were captured throughout one year at Cueva del Azufre, located in the State of Tabasco in Southern Mexico. Ovaries were processed with histological techniques. P. mexicana has a single, ovoid ovary with ovigerous lamella that project to the ovarian lumen. The ovarian wall presents abundant loose connective tissue, numerous melanomacrophage centers and large blood vessels, possibly associated with hypoxic conditions. The germinal epithelium bordering the ovarian lumen contains somatic and germ cells forming cell nests projecting into the stroma. P. mexicana stores sperm in ovarian folds associated with follicles at different developmental phases. Oogenesis in P. mexicana consisted of the following stages: (i) oogonial proliferation, (ii) chromatin nucleolus, (iii) primary growth, subdivided into: (a) one nucleolus, (b) multiple nucleoli, (c) droplet oils-cortical alveoli steps; (iv) secondary growth, subdivided in: (a) early secondary growth, (b) late secondary growth, and (c) full grown. Follicular atresia was present in all stages of follicular development; it was characterized by oocyte degeneration, where follicle cells hypertrophy and differentiate in phagocytes. The ovary and oogenesis are similar to these seen in other poeciliids, but we found frequent atretic follicles, melanomacrophage centers, reduced fecundity and increased of offspring size. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  10. Cuando el mundo le dio la espalda a una democracia. La diplomacia mexicana ante la desaparición de Checoslovaquia, 1938-1940

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo López Contreras

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El servicio exterior mexicano fue muy activo durante el periodo de entreguerras en Europa, cuando México intentó aumentar el prestigio de los gobiernos emanados de la Revolución Mexicana. La historiografía ha señalado como un logro de estos gobiernos las denuncias hechas sobre las agresiones de diversas potencias a países más débiles. Sin embargo, la postura de lam diplomacia mexicana frente a la agresión nazi a Checoslovaquia no se había estudiado y no se conocía con certeza cuál era la postura mexicana. La actitud de México frente al reclamo alemán de la estratégica región checoslovaca de los Sudetes y frente a la desaparición definitiva de Checoslovaquia a manos del Tercer Reich, son algunos de los temas que aborda este artículo. Para ello, se analizan los reportes y comunicaciones que tuvo la red de representantes mexicanos en Europa con la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores mexicana, así como declaraciones y escritos de altos funcionarios mexicanos. La cuestión checoslovaca resultó ser una excepción a la política exterior mexicana basada en la seguridad colectiva y la denuncia a las agresiones ilegítimas.

  11. Association of Lutzomyia columbiana (Diptera: Psychodidae with a Leishmaniasis Focus in Colombia Due to Species of the Leishmania mexicana Complex

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James Montoya-lerma

    1999-05-01

    Full Text Available In Colombia, Leishmania mexicana has a scattered geographical distribution and no sand fly vectors have been associated with its transmission. During the present study, the anthropophilic sand fly Lutzomyia columbiana was found to be the only species collected using diverse methods, in a small focus of Le. mexicana in the municipality of Samaniego, SW Colombia. Ecological data indicate that this sand fly species is present in both peri and intradomestic habitats, where it readily bites man. Further evidence comes from experimental itnfections of wild-caught Lu. columbiana with Le. mexicana after feeding on itnfected hamsters. Based on these results, it is suggested that this sand fly is the most likely vector in the study area, suggesting the existence of a previously unknown sand fly-parasite association.

  12. Introgression of genetic material from Zea mays ssp. Mexicana into cultivated maize was facilitated by tissue culture

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, L.; Gu, X.; Qu, M.; Luan, J.; Zhang, J.

    2012-01-01

    Zea mays ssp. mexicana, a wild relative of cultivated maize (Z. mays ssp. mays), is a useful gene resource for maize breeding. In this study, two populations were generated by conventional breeding scheme (population I) or tissue culture regime (population II), respectively, to introgress genetic material of Z. mays ssp. mexicana into maize. Karyotype analysis showed that the arm ratios of 10 pairs of chromosomes in parent maize Ye515 and derivative lines from 2 different populations with 26% and 38% chromosome variation frequencies, respectively. Alien chromatin was detected in the root tip cells of progeny plants through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). There were 3.3 chromosomes carrying alien chromatin on average in population I and 6.5 in population II. The hybridization signals were located mainly at the terminal or sub terminal regions of the chromosomes and the sizes were notably variant among lines. Based on those results, it is concluded that the introgression of genetic material from Z. mays ssp. mexicana into cultivated maize was facilitated by tissue culture, and subsequently some excellent materials for maize breeding were created. (author)

  13. Biotypes of scentless chamomile Matricaria maritima (L.) ssp. inodora (L.) Dostal and common poppy Papaver rhoeas (L.) resistant to tribenuron methyl, in Poland

    OpenAIRE

    Adamczewski Kazimierz; Kierzek Roman; Matysiak Kinga

    2014-01-01

    Scentless chamomile Matricaria maritima (L.) ssp. inodora (L.) Dostal and common poppy Papaver rhoeas (L.) are species which very often infest winter cereal and winter rape crops. Inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) are commonly used for control of these weeds. The herbicides are characterised by a single site of action in the plant, which has an influence on selection of the weed population and may result in a rapid development of resistance. In 2012, five seed samples of scen...

  14. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine 14-hydroxylase from opium poppy, a key enzyme in sanguinarine biosynthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beaudoin, Guillaume A W; Facchini, Peter J

    2013-02-15

    Sanguinarine is a benzo[c]phenenthridine alkaloid with potent antimicrobial properties found commonly in plants of the Papaveraceae, including the roots of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Sanguinarine is formed from the central 1-benzylisoquinoline intermediate (S)-reticuline via the protoberberine alkaloid (S)-scoulerine, which undergoes five enzymatic oxidations and an N-methylation. The first four oxidations from (S)-scoulerine are catalyzed by cytochromes P450, whereas the final conversion involves a flavoprotein oxidase. All but one gene in the biosynthetic pathway from (S)-reticuline to sanguinarine has been identified. In this communication, we report the isolation and characterization of (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine 14-hydroxylase (MSH) from opium poppy based on the transcriptional induction in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures and root-specific expression of the corresponding gene. Along with protopine 6-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the subsequent and penultimate step in sanguinarine biosynthesis, MSH is a member of the CYP82N subfamily of cytochromes P450. The full-length MSH cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant microsomal protein was tested for enzymatic activity using 25 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids representing a wide range of structural subgroups. The only enzymatic substrates were the N-methylated protoberberine alkaloids N-methylstylopine and N-methylcanadine, which were converted to protopine and allocryptopine, respectively. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  15. «Recetario de cocina mexicana»: edición semidiplomática y modernizada de un manuscrito inédito del siglo XIX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Echeverría Echeverría

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentam-se amostras de edição semidiplomática e modernizada do texto manuscrito inédito intitulado Recetario de cocina mexicana (Mss/23133/15, ca. 1850, que se guarda na Biblioteca Nacional de España, em Madri. Para terminar, acrescenta-se um comentário linguístico sobre alguns aspectos destacáveis do recetuário. Palavras-chave: Crítica textual; edição; manuscrito; cozinha mexicana; século XIX.  Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan muestras de edición semidiplomática y modernizada del texto manuscrito inédito titulado Recetario de cocina mexicana (Mss/23133/15, ca. 1850, que se guarda en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, en Madrid. Para terminar, se incluye un comentario lingüístico sobre algunos aspectos destacables del recetario. Palabras-clave: Crítica textual; edición; manuscrito; cocina mexicana; siglo XIX.  Keywords: Textual criticism; edition; manuscript; Mexican cuisine; XIXth century.

  16. Leucism in Mexican small-eared shrew Cryptotis mexicana (Mammalia : Soricomorpha), endemic to Mexico

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Guevara, Lazaro; Ramirez-Chaves, Hector E.; Cervantes, Fernando A.

    Leucism is the partial or complete reduction of the fur pigmentation where eyes and skin maintain their normal coloration. In this paper, we report the record of an individual of the endemic Mexican shrew Cryptotis mexicana from Veracruz, Mexico, that displays leucism. This lack of pigmentation,

  17. Las determinantes de los flujos de Inversion Extranjera Directa de las empresas Mexicanas en los Estados Unidos.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. Alarcon M. Gustavo

    2005-07-01

    Full Text Available Actualmente, y por vez primera en la historia de la economía mexicana, los flujos de inversión directa hacia el exterior han superado la cifra de los miles de millones de dólares, por mencionar un ejemplo, CEMEX ha comprado la empresa Inglesa Ready Mixed Concret por 5,800 millones de dólares. La manufactura mexicana ha seguido esa pauta y además representa una elevada proporción de todos los flujos mexicanos de inversión directa manufacturera hacia el exterior, en cualquier periodo que comparemos con el pasado. En este documento, se analiza los factores que determinan la inversión directa hacia el exterior de las empresas mexicanas manufactureras, con especial énfasis hacia los Estados Unidos de América. Se aplica el paradigma ecléctico de Dunning, el cual distingue entre ventajas de localización, internalización y localización. En los estudios aplicados, estas ventajas han sido normalmente aproximadas por variables relacionadas con la empresa que invierte y el país de destino.

  18. Triatoma mexicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae in Guanajuato, Mexico: house infestation and seasonal variation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paz María Salazar Schettino

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Triatoma mexicana was described by Herrich-Schaeffer in 1848. In 1940, a male specimen was found in Hidalgo. In 1970, this species was recorded in the state of Queretaro. Later, it was registered in Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi. In the present paper we performed an investigation in 545 dwellings from three counties in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, from March 2003 to May 2004. The search and capture of triatomines were seasonally performed indoors and outdoors. Entomological indexes were calculated. The risk and no risk relations between triatomine presence and housing construction materials were analyzed. Fourteen triatomines were collected indoors and 151 outdoors. The vectors were collected in houses built with either risky and non-risky materials. Adults go indoors but do not settle there, hence, no relationship was found between the building materials and infestation of houses. Conventional interventions like house improvement or insecticide spraying are not efficient for the control of T. mexicana, because its developmental cycle is accomplished outdoors in the area surrounding the houses.

  19. Straightforward analytical method to determine opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and bakery products.

    Science.gov (United States)

    López, Patricia; Pereboom-de Fauw, Diana P K H; Mulder, Patrick P J; Spanjer, Martien; de Stoppelaar, Joyce; Mol, Hans G J; de Nijs, Monique

    2018-03-01

    A straightforward method to determine the content of six opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, papaverine and narceine) in poppy seeds and bakery products was developed and validated down to a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1mg/kg. The method was based on extraction with acetonitrile/water/formic acid, ten-fold dilution and analysis by LC-MS/MS using a pH 10 carbonate buffer. The method was applied for the analysis of 41 samples collected in 2015 in the Netherlands and Germany. All samples contained morphine ranging from 0.2 to 240mg/kg. The levels of codeine and thebaine ranged from below LOQ to 348mg/kg and from below LOQ to 106mg/kg, respectively. Sixty percent of the samples exceeded the guidance reference value of 4mg/kg of morphine set by BfR in Germany, whereas 25% of the samples did not comply with the limits set for morphine, codeine, thebaine and noscapine by Hungarian legislation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. La Cultura, Retos y Responsabilidad de las Pymes Mexicanas Respecto de las Relaciones Comerciales con Empresas Estadounidenses Frente a la Globalización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    osé Luis Chávez Chávez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El entorno actual de los negocios internacionales caracterizado principalmente por el fenómeno de la globalización, el cual ha traído consigo muchos cambios en todos los campos del quehacer humano, una gran interdependencia de los mercados y las naciones, revoluciones tecnológicas y de información, creando así un entorno muy competitivo e incierto para las PYMES mexicanas en el ámbito de los negocios con los Estados Unidos por lo que se deben identificar los retos y oportunidades para éstas en la actualidad. Existen varios retos a los que deberán enfrentarse las PYMES mexicanas pero sin embargo, se plantea como principal reto el factor cultural, pues al superarse y mejorarse este aspecto se podría implantar de una manera más fácil la nueva cultura de negocios con los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, ya que las empresas mexicanas nunca se han caracterizado por tener una cultura empresarial fuerte, y peor aún, en algunas organizaciones mexicanas pareciera que no cuentan con una cultura dentro de ellas, situación que limita su participación en los negocios con los Estados Unidos, debido a que en la actualidad el aspecto humano, así como el cultural dentro de la organización son los principales factores para mejorar la competitividad con los americanos y de las empresas mexicanas.

  1. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel freezing-inducible DREB1/CBF transcription factor gene in boreal plant Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhuo Huang

    Full Text Available Abstract DREB1 of the AP2/ERF superfamily plays a key role in the regulation of plant response to low temperatures. In this study, a novel DREB1/CBF transcription factor, PnDREB1, was isolated from Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule, a plant adaptive to low temperature environments. It is homologous to the known DREB1s of Arabidopsis and other plant species. It also shares similar 3D structure, and conserved and functionally important motifs with DREB1s of Arabidopsis. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the AP2 domain of PnDREB1 is similar to those of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and M. sativa. PnDREB1 is constitutively expressed in diverse tissues and is increased in roots. qPCR analyses indicated that PnDREB1 is significantly induced by freezing treatment as well as by abscissic acid. The expression levels induced by freezing treatment were higher in the variety with higher degree of freezing tolerance. These results suggested that PnDREB1 is a novel and functional DREB1 transcription factor involved in freezing response and possibly in other abiotic stresses. Furthermore, the freezing-induction could be suppressed by exogenous gibberellins acid, indicating that PnDREB1 might play some role in the GA signaling transduction pathway. This study provides a basis for better understanding the roles of DREB1 in adaption of Iceland poppy to low temperatures.

  2. Enumeration of Antibacterial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants by Bioassay Method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. Uma Reddy

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of some common locally available plants, in order to estimate the biological potential of these herbs. The alcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta L (Asteraceae, Argemone mexicana L (Papavaraceae, Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae and Tylophora indica (Burm.f. Merr. (Asclepiadaceae were evaluated for antibacterial activity using broth dilution bioassay method. It is clear from the results that, the extracts of these plants acts as a good source of antibiotics against various bacterial pathogens tested and exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. These plant extracts were shown to be moderate to maximum inhibitory effect against different bacterial forms such as Salmonella typhii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, where as, mild to moderate activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of these studies revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of these plants in traditional systems of medicine.

  3. Paganismo y religiosidad en la arquitectura popular mexicana: De Aztlán al norte de California

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Myriam Mahiques

    2012-12-01

    De las obras de arquitectura popular en América, las mexicanas requieren especial consideración, ya que a pesar de la ubicación geográfica de México en América del Norte, su cultura permanece fuertemente arraigada. Esta suerte de independencia en hábitos y ritos se refleja en la arquitectura mexicana vernácula, lo que nos da la oportunidad de analizarla como un fenómeno cultural extendido desde México al Norte de California. Veremos aquí que las raíces del imaginario mexicano se hunden en la Conquista española y surgen en la actualidad dando como resultado una "nueva" estética arquitectónica.

  4. Seeking a "Mexicana"/"Mestiza" Ethic of Care: Rosa's "Revolución" of Carrying Alongside

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sosa-Provencio, Mia Angélica

    2017-01-01

    This Chicana Critical Feminist "Testimonio" reveals a Mexican/Mexican-American Ethic of Care particular to the needs and strengths of "Mexicana/o" students and "Testimonios" of struggle, survival informing one Mexican/Mexican-American female educator of predominantly Mexican/Mexican-American students. This work,…

  5. RNA-seq Analysis of Cold and Drought Responsive Transcriptomes of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Xiang; Zhou, Xuan; Cao, Yu; Zhou, Meixue; McNeil, David; Liang, Shan; Yang, Chengwei

    2017-01-01

    The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. is a member of teosinte, a wild relative of the Zea mays spp. mays L. This subspecies has strong growth and regeneration ability, high tiller numbers, high protein and lysine content as well as resistance to many fungal diseases, and it can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, we reported a Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. transcriptome by merging data from untreated control (CK), cold (4°C) and drought (PEG2000, 20%) treated plant samples. A total of 251,145 transcripts (N50 = 1,269 bp) and 184,280 unigenes (N50 = 923 bp) were predicted, which code for homologs of near 47% of the published maize proteome. Under cold conditions, 2,232 and 817 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, while fewer genes were up-regulated (532) and down-regulated (82) under drought stress, indicating that Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. is more sensitive to the applied cold rather than to the applied drought stresses. Functional enrichment analyses identified many common or specific biological processes and gene sets in response to drought and cold stresses. The ABA dependent pathway, trehalose synthetic pathway and the ICE1-CBF pathway were up-regulated by both stresses. GA associated genes have been shown to differentially regulate the responses to cold in close subspecies in Zea mays . These findings and the identified functional genes can provide useful clues for improving abiotic stress tolerance of maize.

  6. Organochlorine Pesticides in Honey and Pollen Samples from Managed Colonies of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus and the Stingless Bee Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin from Southern, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruiz-Toledo, Jovani; Vandame, Rémy; Castro-Chan, Ricardo Alberto; Penilla-Navarro, Rosa Patricia; Gómez, Jaime; Sánchez, Daniel

    2018-05-10

    In this paper, we show the results of investigating the presence of organochlorine pesticides in honey and pollen samples from managed colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. and of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin. Three colonies of each species were moved into each of two sites. Three samples of pollen and three samples of honey were collected from each colony: the first collection occurred at the beginning of the study and the following ones at every six months during a year. Thus the total number of samples collected was 36 for honey (18 for A. mellifera and 18 for S. mexicana ) and 36 for pollen (18 for A. mellifera and 18 for S. mexicana ). We found that 88.44% and 93.33% of honey samples, and 22.22% and 100% of pollen samples of S. mexicana and A. mellifera , respectively, resulted positive to at least one organochlorine. The most abundant pesticides were Heptaclor (44% of the samples), γ-HCH (36%), DDT (19%), Endrin (18%) and DDE (11%). Despite the short foraging range of S. mexicana , the number of pesticides quantified in the honey samples was similar to that of A. mellifera . Paradoxically we found a small number of organochlorines in pollen samples of S. mexicana in comparison to A. mellifera , perhaps indicating a low abundance of pollen sources within the foraging range of this species.

  7. A Revolução Mexicana na obra Biografia del Poder de Enrique Krauze

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cleverson Rodrigues Silva

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available

    A Revolução Mexicana de 1910, foi marcada pela luta por Justiça Social e Reforma Agrária. Muitos personagens destacaram-se e foram alçados à categoria de heróis e baluartes da Revolução.  É neste cenário que Enrique Krauze situa os seus personagens e os coloca diante de um processo extremamente relevante para a história do México contemporâneo, a Revolução Mexicana. Desse modo, o recorte proposto no tempo e no espaço compreende o México revolucionário de 1910 a 1940, sob a ótica do historiador, ensaísta e editor Enrique Krauze, na obra intitulada Biografia del Poder.

  8. Metazoarios parásitos de Tlacuatzin canescens y Marmosa mexicana (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia de México Metazoan parasites of Tlacuatzin canescens and Marmosa mexicana (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia from Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Guzmán-Cornejo

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Como parte de un estudio sobre los metazoarios parásitos de mamíferos de México se recolectaron 4 ejemplares de ratones tlacuache: 2 de Tlacuatzin canescens (Allen, 1893 procedentes de Oaxaca y 2 de Marmosa mexicana Merriam, 1897 de Veracruz. Se presentan 5 registros nuevos de hospedero y localidad para ácaros de las especies Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940, Ixodes sinaloa Kohls y Clifford, 1966, las pulgas Plusaetis mathesoni (Traub 1950 y Polygenis martinezbaezi Vargas 1951, así como para el cestodo Hymenolepis sp. y por primera vez en México se registra el nematodo Hoineffia simplicispicula Navone, Suriano y Pujol, 1991.As a part of an ongoing project to inventory the metazoan parasites of Mexican mammals, 4 specimens of 2 species of mouse opossums (2 Tlacuatzin canescens [Allen, 1893] and 2 Marmosa mexicana Merriam, 1897, were collected from Oaxaca and Veracuz states, Mexico, respectively. Five new locality and host records are presented for the acari Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940, Ixodes sinaloa Kohls and Clifford, 1966, of fleas Plusaetis mathesoni (Traub 1950, and Polygenis martinezbaezi Vargas 1951, as well as the cestode Hymenolepis sp., while the nematode Hoineffia simplicispicula Navone, Suriano and Pujol, 1991, is recorded for the first time in Mexico.

  9. T7 polymerase-driven transcription is downregulated in metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Ishemgulova, A.; Kraeva, N.; Faktorová, Drahomíra; Podešvová, L.; Lukeš, Julius; Yurchenko, V.

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 63, MAY 18 (2016), č. článku 016. ISSN 1803-6465 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : gene expression * untranslated regions * Tet-inducible system * Leishmania mexicana Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.082, year: 2016

  10. Las leyes especiales en la legislación mexicana, desde el respeto a los derechos humanos y sus garantías.

    OpenAIRE

    Valles Ruiz, Orietta

    2013-01-01

    La existencia en la legislación mexicana de dos leyes denominadas: Ley Federal Contra la Delincuencia Organizada y Ley Federal de Extinción de Dominio, constituyen el objetivo general de investigación de tesis, cuyos ordenamientos son violatorios de los derechos humanos y sus garantías. Si bien es cierto, que se establecieron en la Legislación mexicana, por considerarlas necesarias, para el combate a los delitos de delincuencia organizada, también es cierto que violan los derechos humanos, s...

  11. Organochlorine Pesticides in Honey and Pollen Samples from Managed Colonies of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus and the Stingless Bee Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin from Southern, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jovani Ruiz-Toledo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we show the results of investigating the presence of organochlorine pesticides in honey and pollen samples from managed colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. and of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin. Three colonies of each species were moved into each of two sites. Three samples of pollen and three samples of honey were collected from each colony: the first collection occurred at the beginning of the study and the following ones at every six months during a year. Thus the total number of samples collected was 36 for honey (18 for A. mellifera and 18 for S. mexicana and 36 for pollen (18 for A. mellifera and 18 for S. mexicana. We found that 88.44% and 93.33% of honey samples, and 22.22% and 100% of pollen samples of S. mexicana and A. mellifera, respectively, resulted positive to at least one organochlorine. The most abundant pesticides were Heptaclor (44% of the samples, γ-HCH (36%, DDT (19%, Endrin (18% and DDE (11%. Despite the short foraging range of S. mexicana, the number of pesticides quantified in the honey samples was similar to that of A. mellifera. Paradoxically we found a small number of organochlorines in pollen samples of S. mexicana in comparison to A. mellifera, perhaps indicating a low abundance of pollen sources within the foraging range of this species.

  12. Resultados perinatales en mujeres mexicanas con lupus eritematoso sistémico

    OpenAIRE

    B. Farfan-Labonne; I. Luis-Vásquez; A. Ávila-Carrasco; J. Ramírez-Peredo; M. Rodríguez-Bosch; J. Beltrán-Montoya; E. Reyes-Muñoz

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de resultados perinatales en mujeres mexicanas con embarazo único y lupus eritematoso sistémico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte histórica en el que se incluyeron mujeres diagnosticadas con lupus eritematoso sistémico, embarazo único, control prenatal y resolución entre 2010 y 2015. Se calculó la incidencia de los siguientes resultados perinatales: nacimiento pretérmino, muerte fetal temprana, oligohidramnios, aborto, rotura prematura de membranas, ...

  13. Transactions of the Second Annual Congress of the Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana A.C.; Memorias del Segundo Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana A.C.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1991-11-01

    With no doubt, 1991 has been a good year for Nuclear Energy in Mexico. The record imposed by Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant, the first in his type in the world, operating without interruption in its first operating cycle, represents a splendid incentive for we all the nuclear workers. This fact is reflected in the percentage of papers presented in this congress, dealing with several aspects of Laguna Verde Central. This achievement should serve as an impulse for the development of other areas of application of nuclear energy in the country and at the same time be a reflection of the participation of the members of our society with good quality papers. In this Second Congress of Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana A.C., around thirty papers were presented in the technical sessions, in areas as: fuel management, radiation protection, reactor physics, transients analysis, nuclear materials and others. A special section is dedicated to present the experiences of the first fuel reload of Unit 1 in Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant,as well as different plenary meetings dedicated to subjects of general interest as advanced reactors, waste disposal and others. It is the wish of all the members of Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana A.C., that this annual meetings will be enriched with the enthusiastic participation of the scholars of nuclear field and that they represent the forum that we all need for the exchange of knowledge and experiences. (Author).

  14. Leucismo en la musaraña de orejas cortas Cryptotis mexicana (Mammalia: Soricomorpha, endémica de México Leucism in Mexican small-eared shrew Cryptotis mexicana (Mammalia: Soricomorpha, endemic to Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lázaro Guevara

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El leucismo es la reducción de la pigmentación parcial o total del pelaje, pero que mantiene la coloración normal de los ojos y la piel. Aquí se presenta el registro de un individuo de la musaraña endémica de México Cryptotis mexicana recolectado en Veracruz, México, que presenta esta condición. Esta coloración, considerada anormal en estado silvestre, puede incrementar la presión de selección sobre esos individuos. Además, es un reflejo indirecto de la baja variabilidad genética en las poblaciones naturales.Leucism is the partial or complete reduction of the fur pigmentation where eyes and skin maintain their normal coloration. In this paper, we report the record of an individual of the endemic Mexican shrew Cryptotis mexicana from Veracruz, México, that displays leucism. This lack of pigmentation, uncommon in the wild, may result in negative selective pressure on these mammals. Moreover, this genetic-based condition reflects on the low levels of genetic variability within natural populations.

  15. Migración y acceso a servicios de salud: El caso de la población mexicana residente en Minnesota, EEUU

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Melisa Pardo Montaño; Claudio Alberto Dávila Cervantes

    2016-01-01

    El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar un panorama general del acceso a los servicios de salud de inmigrantes mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos, en particular en Minnesota. Primero se exponen los datos generales acerca de la población mexicana residente en ese país y estado, desagregando el acceso a la seguridad médica y el uso de los servicios de salud por parte de la población en estudio. Enseguida se analiza el caso de la población mexicana en Minnesota. Se finaliza reseñando ...

  16. Exploratory studies of some Mexican medicinal plants. Cardiovascular effects in rats with and without hypertension.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gil Alfonso Magos-Guerrero

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L., Burseraceae Bursera simaruba (L. Sarg., Acanthaceae Justicia spicigera Schltdl. and Selaginellaceae Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev. Spring., have been used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat hypertension. The objective of this study was to further characterize the cardiovascular effects of the methanol extracts of such plants. Methods: The medicinal plants were collected and taxonomically identified; the methanol extract of each explored plant were administrated to conscious and unconscious male Wistar rats with and without glucose induced hypertension. The blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated before and after the extract administration. Vascular reactivity experiments were conducted in rat aortic rings obtained from rats with and without sugar induced hypertension, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents. Results: After oral administration in normotensive conscious rats all tested extracts decreased the heart rate, such effect was only observed in hypertensive conscious rats after the administration of B. simaruba; only A. mexicana and B. simaruba decreased the blood pressure after oral administration. All extracts administrated by intravenous injection diminished the mean arterial pressure. Dose response curves to cumulative concentrations of all the extracts promote vascular relaxation in precontracted aortas from rats with and without sugar induced hypertension. Conclusions: The present study indicated that B. simaruba is worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating hypertension. [J Complement Med Res 2017; 6(3.000: 274-279

  17. Informalidad y dualismo en la economía mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Puyana

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza el fenómeno de la informalidad a partir de la década de 1950; se aplica el enfoque de Arthur Lewis, para quien el empleo informal es un resultado del funcionamiento de las economías en desarrollo, en las cuales existe una oferta laboral ilimitada a un determinado salario de equilibrio. En este trabajo la informalidad es el residuo, es la mano de obra sobrante una vez que el sector moderno ocupa la fuerza laboral necesaria a un salario real dado y conforme al capital disponible. En el documento se presenta primero una versión formal del modelo de Lewis, en el cual hay dos sectores: el moderno y el atrasado; a este último con salvedades, lo asimilamos al informal, para luego proceder a estimar una de sus principales conclusiones con datos de la economía mexicana. En este ejercicio se constata que el modelo de Lewis es una representación adecuada de los hechos estilizados que caracterizan a la economía mexicana, y que la importante intensificación de capital, es decir la relación entre el capital y el trabajo en el sector formal que se ha experimentado a partir de las reformas, ha elevado los costos de la creación de empleo formal. En estas condiciones, aunado a la escasa inversión en los últimos veinte años, se ha presentado un estancamiento de la proporción del empleo formal en el total y además unos muy precarios, casi nulos, avances en la productividad total promedio y en el ingreso por habitante.

  18. Exposición a Estreptococo del grupo B en mujeres mexicanas en edad reproductiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Palacios-Saucedo Gerardo

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de la infección por Estreptococo del grupo B (EGB en una muestra representativa de mujeres en edad reproductiva de la República Mexicana. Material y métodos. Se estudió una muestra representativa de sueros de la población femenina mexicana de 15 a 40 años de edad, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos. La muestra fue seleccionada del Banco Nacional de Sueros por muestreo aleatorio simple por computadora. Los sueros se obtuvieron durante la última encuesta seroepidemiológica nacional realizada en 1987 y 1988. Los ensayos para la estandarización y la evaluación de la seroprevalencia se llevaron a cabo en el Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS entre enero y noviembre de 1995. Se midieron anticuerpos IgG antipolisacárido de grupo de EGB usando un ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA estandarizado y validado en el laboratorio, utilizando un antígeno específico de grupo, producido y purificado a partir de la cepa de referencia de EGB 110. Resultados. Se estudió un total de 2 669 muestras de suero, de las cuales 2 405 fueron positivas para la presencia de anticuerpos IgG contra el antígeno de grupo de EGB. Esto corresponde a una seroprevalencia de 90.2 %. No hubo diferencia en los porcentajes de seropositividad por grupos de edad ni por entidades federativas. Conclusiones. Se detectó una elevada prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el antígeno de grupo del EGB. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que existe una elevada exposición de las mujeres mexicanas jóvenes a este microrganismo.

  19. Comparison of small mammal prevalence of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in five foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Campeche, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Wynsberghe, N R; Canto-Lara, S B; Sosa-Bibiano, E I; Rivero-Cárdenas, N A; Andrade-Narváez, F J

    2009-01-01

    In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 95% of the human cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana with an incidence rate of 5.08 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transmission is limited to the winter months (November to March). One study on wild rodents has incriminated Ototylomys phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus as primary reservoirs of L. (L.) mexicana in the focus of La Libertad, Campeche. In the present study, the prevalence of both infection and disease caused by L. (L.) mexicana in small terrestrial mammals were documented during five transmission seasons (1994-2004) in five foci of Leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche. Foci separated by only 100 km, with similar relative abundances of small mammals, were found to differ significantly in their prevalence of both symptoms and infection. Transmission rates and reservoir species seemed to change in space as well as in time which limited the implementation of effective control measures of the disease even in a small endemic area such as the south of the Yucatan Peninsula.

  20. Isolation of an enriched plasma membrame subpellicular microtubule fraction of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solange L. Timm

    1980-01-01

    Full Text Available A cell fractionation procedure previously developed for Trypanosoma cruzi was applied to isolated the plasma membrane of promastigotes of Leishania mexicana amazonensis. The cell, swollen in an hypotonic mediun, were disrupted in the presence of a nonionic detergent and the membrane fraction isolated by differencial centrifugation. Electron microscopy showed that the fraction consisted of pieces of the plasma membrane associated with subpellicular microtubules. It was also shown that this fraction is able to induce cell-mediated immune response in mice.Um método de fracionamento subcelular, previamente desenvolvido para Trypanosoma cruzi, foi aplicado para isolar a membrana plasmática de promastigotas de Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. As células, após turgimento em meio hipotônico, foram rompidas na presença de um detergente não iônico e a fração de membrana isolada por centrifugação diferencial. A microscopia eletrônica mostrou consistir a fração de fragmentos de membrana plasmática associados com microtúbulos subpeliculares. Foi também mostrado que esta fração era capaz de induzir resposta celular em camundongos.

  1. Atomic Structure of Salutaridine Reductase from the Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Higashi, Yasuhiro; Kutchan, Toni M.; Smith, Thomas J. (Danforth)

    2011-11-18

    The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the oldest known medicinal plants. In the biosynthetic pathway for morphine and codeine, salutaridine is reduced to salutaridinol by salutaridine reductase (SalR; EC 1.1.1.248) using NADPH as coenzyme. Here, we report the atomic structure of SalR to a resolution of {approx}1.9 {angstrom} in the presence of NADPH. The core structure is highly homologous to other members of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The major difference is that the nicotinamide moiety and the substrate-binding pocket are covered by a loop (residues 265-279), on top of which lies a large 'flap'-like domain (residues 105-140). This configuration appears to be a combination of the two common structural themes found in other members of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. Previous modeling studies suggested that substrate inhibition is due to mutually exclusive productive and nonproductive modes of substrate binding in the active site. This model was tested via site-directed mutagenesis, and a number of these mutations abrogated substrate inhibition. However, the atomic structure of SalR shows that these mutated residues are instead distributed over a wide area of the enzyme, and many are not in the active site. To explain how residues distal to the active site might affect catalysis, a model is presented whereby SalR may undergo significant conformational changes during catalytic turnover.

  2. Gluconeogenesis in Leishmania mexicana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez-Contreras, Dayana; Hamilton, Nicklas

    2014-01-01

    Gluconeogenesis is an active pathway in Leishmania amastigotes and is essential for their survival within the mammalian cells. However, our knowledge about this pathway in trypanosomatids is very limited. We investigated the role of glycerol kinase (GK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in gluconeogenesis by generating the respective Leishmania mexicana Δgk, Δpepck, and Δppdk null mutants. Our results demonstrated that indeed GK, PEPCK, and PPDK are key players in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Leishmania, although stage-specific differences in their contribution to this pathway were found. GK participates in the entry of glycerol in promastigotes and amastigotes; PEPCK participates in the entry of aspartate in promastigotes, and PPDK is involved in the entry of alanine in amastigotes. Furthermore, the majority of alanine enters into the pathway via decarboxylation of pyruvate in promastigotes, whereas pathway redundancy is suggested for the entry of aspartate in amastigotes. Interestingly, we also found that l-lactate, an abundant glucogenic precursor in mammals, was used by Leishmania amastigotes to synthesize mannogen, entering the pathway through PPDK. On the basis of these new results, we propose a revision in the current model of gluconeogenesis in Leishmania, emphasizing the differences between amastigotes and promastigotes. This work underlines the importance of studying the trypanosomatid intracellular life cycle stages to gain a better understanding of the pathologies caused in humans. PMID:25288791

  3. Factores de la innovación y su influencia en las ventas y el empleo. El caso de las mipymes manufactureras mexicanas

    OpenAIRE

    Herenia Gutiérrez Ponce; Pablo Daniel Palacios Duarte

    2015-01-01

    El propósito de este trabajo es conocer la relación entre las ventas, el empleo y la innovación en la industria manufacturera mexicana, mediante el seguimiento longitudinal a las mipymes en el periodo 2007-2010, a través de una investigación empírica y la aplicación de una encuesta a una determinada muestra de mipymes manufactureras mexicanas. Nuestro objetivo fundamental es explicar si el crecimiento en las ventas y el empleo de las empresas se explica por factores de la innovación, investig...

  4. La Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax: de un gran pasado a un mejor futuro

    OpenAIRE

    Vázquez-García, Juan Carlos

    2017-01-01

    Resumen: La Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax fue fundada el 15 de marzo de 1939 con el nombre de Sociedad Mexicana de Estudios sobre la Tuberculosis y Enfermedades del Aparato Respiratorio. Sus objetivos originales eran el estudio de la tuberculosis y las enfermedades pulmonares no tuberculosas, así como la cooperación con organizaciones nacionales y extranjeras de lucha común. Durante sus casi ocho décadas de existencia, ha sido liderada por 39 presidentes y mesas directiva...

  5. El mercado de comida étnica en España: el caso de la comida mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dena M. Camarena

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, el conocimiento y consumo de las comidas y/o alimentos étnicos se ha difundido internacionalmente. En España, los alimentos étnicos comenzaron a comercializarse en la década de los años noventa, sin embargo, el mayor auge de sus ventas se ha producido a partir del año dos mil y se han constituido una de las gamas de alimentos con más potencial de expansión. La comida mexicana es una de las más demandadas, sus ventas han pasando de 7.2 m. de dólares en 1999 a 40.6 m. de dólares en 2004. Con el fin de conocer con más detalle la situación de las comidas étnicas en el mercado español y en especial la mexicana, en este artículo se realiza un análisis del mercado a partir de información secundaria, y de motivaciones, fuente de conocimiento, hábitos de consumo y compra de los consumidores españoles a partir de información primaria recogida mediante encuestas. Se han hecho análisis descriptivos y de validación estadística de asociaciones entre variables (el test chi-cuadrado y pruebas ANOVA, con los cuales es posible identificar un perfil de consumidores españoles más proclives al consumo de alimentos étnicos y de la cocina mexicana.

  6. Derechos de propiedad e industria petrolera mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosío Vargas

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available De un control de los recursos mineros a fines del siglo antepasado, por parte de las corporaciones internaciona- les, la industria petrolera mexicana transitó a un régimen de soberanía nacional y propiedad pública del petróleo después de 1938 que le permitió el diseño de una política económica con vocación nacional asignando varias tareas a PEMEX. La adopción del modelo neoliberal en los ochenta, como fundamento de la estrategia macroeco- nómica, fue el punto de retorno al control privado de la industria y la empresa petrolera. Con la puesta en opera- ción del modelo neoliberal se desmantela la integración vertical lograda años atrás, se obliga a PEMEX a endeu- darse para poder realizar sus inversiones, y se confiscan los recursos fiscales de la empresa. Bajo el argumento de que es preferible exportar más ahí donde es viable multiplicar los aportes a la balanza de pagos e importar pro- ductos que la competencia internacional ha abaratado, no sólo se regresa a un modelo especializado en la pro- ducción de una materia prima en detrimento de los sectores industriales, sino que se renuncia a la autosuficiencia energética llevando al país a una peligrosa dependencia estratégica de derivados del petróleo. Bajo la dinámica de la integración en América del Norte liderada por los Estados Unidos, se logra la apertura total en los sectores corriente arriba de la empresa petrolera mexicana. El regreso a la propiedad privada es visible a partir de los contratos negociados en la reforma energética de 2008, y la desincorporación de actividades sustantivas de la industria que constituyen prerrogativas constitucionales, la empresa se encamina bajo una dinámica de gobernanza corporativa a la conformación legal de una corporación privada por lo que un cambio mayor surge con la ruptura del binomio Estado- PEMEX.

  7. La red de co-autores en la Bibliometría mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Restrepo-Arango

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la red de coautorías existentes en las publicaciones sobre las metrías (bibliometría, informetría, cienciometría, patentometría, etc. en México, desde la década de los 70s hasta diciembre de 2012. Se utilizó el análisis de redes sociales a través del software Ucinet 6.0 y Netdraw. Los análisis muestran una red altamente centralizada. La densidad global de la red indica una red de baja densidad comunicacional que hace una utilización efectiva de una quinta parte de los vínculos reales sobre el total de vínculos posibles entre todos los autores de la red. El grado de centralidad identifica once autores como los componentes estructurales de la red de bibliometría mexicana. Los coeficientes del grado de cercanía indican que tanto la lejanía como la cercanía son homogéneas. En relación con el grado de intermediación se encontró que no existe una red ampliamente extendida sino la dominancia de un pequeño grupo de tres autores. La distancia geodésica identificó un único autor bien conectado a otros autores también muy bien posicionados en la red. No se identificaron cliques ni n-cliques en la red de coautoría de la bibliometría mexicana.

  8. Inner ear morphology in the Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana--first detailed microanatomical study of the inner ear of a cyprinodontiform species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulz-Mirbach, Tanja; Hess, Martin; Plath, Martin

    2011-01-01

    Fishes show an amazing diversity in hearing abilities, inner ear structures, and otolith morphology. Inner ear morphology, however, has not yet been investigated in detail in any member of the diverse order Cyprinodontiformes. We, therefore, studied the inner ear of the cyprinodontiform freshwater fish Poecilia mexicana by analyzing the position of otoliths in situ, investigating the 3D structure of sensory epithelia, and examining the orientation patterns of ciliary bundles of the sensory hair cells, while combining μ-CT analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and immunocytochemical methods. P. mexicana occurs in different ecotypes, enabling us to study the intra-specific variability (on a qualitative basis) of fish from regular surface streams, and the Cueva del Azufre, a sulfidic cave in southern Mexico. The inner ear of Poecilia mexicana displays a combination of several remarkable features. The utricle is connected rostrally instead of dorso-rostrally to the saccule, and the macula sacculi, therefore, is very close to the utricle. Moreover, the macula sacculi possesses dorsal and ventral bulges. The two studied ecotypes of P. mexicana showed variation mainly in the shape and curvature of the macula lagenae, in the curvature of the macula sacculi, and in the thickness of the otolithic membrane. Our study for the first time provides detailed insights into the auditory periphery of a cyprinodontiform inner ear and thus serves a basis--especially with regard to the application of 3D techniques--for further research on structure-function relationships of inner ears within the species-rich order Cyprinodontiformes. We suggest that other poeciliid taxa, or even other non-poeciliid cyprinodontiforms, may display similar inner ear morphologies as described here.

  9. Identification of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones and triazine nitriles as inhibitors of Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jörg Schröder

    Full Text Available Cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily are present in nearly all eukaryotes. They play pivotal roles in the biology of parasites and inhibition of cysteine proteases is emerging as an important strategy to combat parasitic diseases such as sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis. Homology modeling of the mature Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB2.8 suggested that it differs significantly from bovine cathepsin B and thus could be a good drug target. High throughput screening of a compound library against this enzyme and bovine cathepsin B in a counter assay identified four novel inhibitors, containing the warhead-types semicarbazone, thiosemicarbazone and triazine nitrile, that can be used as leads for antiparasite drug design. Covalent docking experiments confirmed the SARs of these lead compounds in an effort to understand the structural elements required for specific inhibition of CPB2.8. This study has provided starting points for the design of selective and highly potent inhibitors of L. mexicana cysteine protease CPB that may also have useful efficacy against other important cysteine proteases.

  10. Sand flies naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) mexicana in the peri-urban area of Chetumal city, Quintana Roo, México.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-García, Laura; Berzunza-Cruz, Miriam; Becker-Fauser, Ingeborg; Rebollar-Téllez, Eduardo A

    2010-06-01

    The surveillance of prevalent Leishmania sand fly vectors is an important issue for epidemiological studies in populated areas where leishmaniasis is endemic. In this study, we collected sand flies from a peri-urban area in the southeast of Mexico. Natural infection with Leishmania (L.) mexicana was studied by PCR using a Leishmania internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene for amplification. Infected Lutzomyia olmeca olmeca, Lu. shannoni and Lu. cruciata sand flies were collected mainly during the high transmission season (November to March), coinciding with the highest sand fly densities. Additionally, positive specimens of Lu. olmeca olmeca were also captured during July and August. The infected sand flies were from primary forest (subperennial forest) and secondary forest (18-25 years old and 10-15 years old respectively). Sand flies collected with Disney and Shannon traps were the ones found to be infected with L. (L.) mexicana. We conclude that the high-risk period in which L. (L.) mexicana is transmitted in the peri-urban area of Chetumal City is from July to March and that transmission is associated with both the subperennial forest and the secondary forest. 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Identidad mexicana e interés político: Predictores de bienestar social y anomia Identidad mexicana e interés político: Predictores de bienestar social y anomia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Yañez Velasco

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper tests the hypothesis that perceived differences in Mexican identity and political interest condition social well-being and the perception of anomie. The three dimensions of Tajfel’s social identity theory was adopted to measure Mexican identity, as well as the five dimensions of Keyes’s model for social well-being. A sample of 211 subjects of voting age from the State of Colima, Mexico, filled out a battery of three questionnaires and sociodemographic data. Results show that individuals with a high level of Mexican identity and political interest perceive high levels of social well-being and low level of anomie compared with those who scored low. Correlations were positive for social well-being and negative for anomie, with respect to identity and political interest. The factor of identity affirmation and identification predicted better social integration and actualization, components of social well-being.  Este estudio pone a prueba el supuesto de que las diferencias percibidas en la identidad mexicana y en el interés en la política condicionan la percepción del bienestar social y de la anomia social. Se adoptó la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel de tres dimensiones para medir la identidad mexicana y el modelo de cinco dimensiones de Keyes para el bienestar social. Una muestra de 211 participantes en edad de votar del estado de Colima, México, contestó una batería de tres cuestionarios y datos sociodemográficos. Los resultados muestran que los individuos con un alto nivel de identidad mexicana y de interés por la política, comparados con los que tienen bajo nivel, perciben mayores niveles de bienestar social y menor nivel de anomia. Las correlaciones de la identidad y el interés por la política fueron positivas para el bienestar social y negativas para la anomia, respectivamente. El factor afirmación e identificación con la identidad predijo mejor la integración y actualización social, componentes del

  12. Combining ability of opium poppy genotypes over F1 and F2 generations of 8x8 diallel cross

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hemant Kumar Yadav

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Combining abilities for yield, its component traits and morphine content were examined in opium poppy tounderstand the inheritance pattern of these traits, and to identify genotypes suitable for genetic improvement of yield andmorphine content. The experiment comprising a total of 64 treatments (28 F1+28 F2 and 8 parents was evaluated in RBD. Theresults showed that most of the traits are governed by non additive gene action however additive gene action is also important.The parents BR-232, BR-245, BR-234 were found to be good general combiners for yield and its related traits and can beutilized in multiple breeding programs. SCA effects in relation to GCA effects of parents showed that most of the crosscombinations with high SCA effects involved high x high, high x low and low x low GCA combiners.

  13. «Recetario de cocina mexicana»: edición semidiplomática y modernizada de un manuscrito inédito del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Susana Echeverría Echeverría

    2010-01-01

    Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentam-se amostras de edição semidiplomática e modernizada do texto manuscrito inédito intitulado Recetario de cocina mexicana (Mss/23133/15), ca. 1850, que se guarda na Biblioteca Nacional de España, em Madri. Para terminar, acrescenta-se um comentário linguístico sobre alguns aspectos destacáveis do recetuário. Palavras-chave: Crítica textual; edição; manuscrito; cozinha mexicana; século XIX.  Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan muestras de edición semidiplomáti...

  14. Factores de la innovación y su influencia en las ventas y el empleo. El caso de las mipymes manufactureras mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herenia Gutiérrez Ponce

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo es conocer la relación entre las ventas, el empleo y la innovación en la industria manufacturera mexicana, mediante el seguimiento longitudinal a las mipymes en el periodo 2007-2010, a través de una investigación empírica y la aplicación de una encuesta a una determinada muestra de mipymes manufactureras mexicanas. Nuestro objetivo fundamental es explicar si el crecimiento en las ventas y el empleo de las empresas se explica por factores de la innovación, investigación y desarrollo (I+D+i.

  15. Cartografía urbana mexicana 1880-1910: Guadalajara, México, Puebla y Veracruz

    OpenAIRE

    Irma Beatriz García Rojas

    2010-01-01

    Este ensayo se propone analizar, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, pero con acento histórico cultural, cuatro ejemplos cartográficos de otras tantas ciudades mexicanas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, cuando esa escala geopolítica, geoeconómica y geocultural adquiere gran relevancia en el proyecto de "orden y progreso" enarbolado por el gobierno porfiriano. Las ciudades de México, Guadalajara, Veracruz y Puebla, entre otras, fueron construidas y reconstruidas en ese perio...

  16. Em busca de uma ideologia para a revolução mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula Cantarelli

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Vários pesquisadores, desde 1910, teceram reflexões sobre a existência ou não de uma ideologia manifesta na estrutura da revolução mexicana. Neste texto, dedicamo-nos a retomar de forma breve tais discussões a partir da análise do romance Pedro Páramo, de Juan Rulfo. Nosso intuito é apresentar uma proposta de leitura dessa obra considerando, principalmente, os estudos de Octavio Paz (1998 e Arnaldo Córdova (1989 e 2003 que possuem perspectivas distintas sobre esse tema.

  17. 8. Bebidas alcohólicas mexicanas extraídas de agaves, 19071

    OpenAIRE

    Diguet, Léon

    2013-01-01

    Desde una época probablemente bastante remota, los agaves o magueyes han proporcionado a las poblaciones mexicanas valiosos recursos económicos, entre los cuales destacaban las bebidas. Cuando llegaron los conquistadores españoles, la fabricación de estas bebidas tenía un auge considerable; el gobierno español consideraba el cultivo de las viñas en México como contrario a los intereses de la metrópoli, y lo prohibió terminantemente en toda la extensión del territorio conquistado. Con esta pro...

  18. POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF Ceratozamia mexicana BRONGN. (ZAMIACEAE IN PRESERVED AND DISTURBED ENVIRONMENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Rivera-Fernández

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Vegetal populations are affected by biotic and abiotic factors that influence the regeneration processes. The aims of this study were to know the population structure of Ceratozamia mexicana under two contrasting conditions (conserved site and disturbed site, and to determine if the sexual structure, the population density and the spatial distribution of C. mexicana are modified by effect of disturbance. Eight plots of 25 m2 within each site (conserved and disturbed were used. The structure and spatial distribution of the sites were determined. Methods included analysis of variance, spatial distribution indexes, and climatic and edaphic factors determined by conventional methods for their comparison. The conserved site showed a demographic structure of an inverted "J", while the disturbed site varied slightly with more discontinuous distribution. Population density was 0.78 individuals/m2 in the conserved site and 0.26 individuals/m2 in the disturbed site. Spatial distribution for all development stages of the plant was random, with the exception of the seedling stage, which was aggregated. Results showed that perturbation decreases the density of plants and removes reproductive individuals, which threatens the persistence of the population.

  19. Comparison of small mammal prevalence of Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana in five foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Campeche, Mexico Comparación de las prevalencias de Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana en mamíferos pequeños en cinco focos de leishmaniosis cutánea en el estado de Campeche, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N.R. Van Wynsberghe

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 95% of the human cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania mexicana with an incidence rate of 5.08 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transmission is limited to the winter months (November to March. One study on wild rodents has incriminated Ototylomys phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus as primary reservoirs of L. (L. mexicana in the focus of La Libertad, Campeche. In the present study, the prevalence of both infection and disease caused by L. (L. mexicana in small terrestrial mammals were documented during five transmission seasons (1994-2004 in five foci of Leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche. Foci separated by only 100 km, with similar relative abundances of small mammals, were found to differ significantly in their prevalence of both symptoms and infection. Transmission rates and reservoir species seemed to change in space as well as in time which limited the implementation of effective control measures of the disease even in a small endemic area such as the south of the Yucatan Peninsula.En la Península de Yucatán, México, la Leishmaniosis Cutánea es causada por Leishmania (L. mexicana en 95% de los casos humanos, con una incidencia de 5.08% por cada 100,000 habitantes. El ciclo de transmisión se limita a la estación de invierno (noviembre- marzo. Un estudio de mamíferos silvestres incrimina a Ototylomys phyllotis y Peromyscus yucatanicus como reservorios primarios de L. (L. mexicana en el foco de infección de La Libertad, Campeche. En el presente estudio, se documenta la prevalencia de infección/enfermedad causada por L. (L. mexicana en pequeños mamíferos, durante cinco estaciones de transmisión (1994-2004 en cinco focos de CL del estado de Campeche. Los focos separados por solamente 100 km. de distancia, aún cuando tienen abundancias relativas de pequeños roedores similares, fueron significativamente diferentes en relación a la prevalencia de síntomas así como de

  20. FIRST RECORDS OF THE INVASIVE AMERICAN WASP ISODONTIA MEXICANA (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE) IN SERBIA

    OpenAIRE

    Ćetković, Aleksandar; Čubrilović, Branka; Plećaš, Milan; Popović, Anđelka; Savić, Dragiša; Stanisavljević, Ljubiša

    2012-01-01

    The first verified occurrences of the invasive American sphecid wasp, Isodontia mexicana (Saussure, 1867), in Serbia are reported. It was first collected from a trap-nest sample in the northern surroundings of Belgrade in 2010. During 2012, we recorded well-established, abundant populations in the central city area of Belgrade, its surroundings, and also at a single site on the Fruška Gora Mt. We briefly review the circumstances and course of its recent eastward and northeastward spreading in...

  1. Dificultades de las exportaciones mexicanas al amparo del tratado de libre comercio México-Unión Europea: el caso de las exportaciones mexicanas de carburo de silicio (2002-2006)

    OpenAIRE

    Sosa Carpenter, Rafael

    2016-01-01

    Descripció del recurs: 21 juliol 2016 La presente investigación analiza la problemática de una empresa exportadora mexicana y sus clientes quienes recibieron oficios de las administraciones tributarias de Bélgica, España y Reino Unido, en los que se les informa el cobro de impuestos y multas, porque las importaciones de carburo de silicio amparadas bajo un certificado de origen EUR.1 (aceptado en el TLC México-Europa), realizadas desde 2002 hasta 2006, son de origen chino. Las autoridades ...

  2. A Revolução Mexicana na obra Biografia del Poder de Enrique Krauze

    OpenAIRE

    Cleverson Rodrigues Silva

    2010-01-01

    A Revolução Mexicana de 1910, foi marcada pela luta por Justiça Social e Reforma Agrária. Muitos personagens destacaram-se e foram alçados à categoria de heróis e baluartes da Revolução.  É neste cenário que Enri...

  3. Argemone oil, an edible oil adulterant, induces systemic immunosuppression in Balb/c mice in an oral 28 days repeated dose toxicity study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandal, Payal; Tewari, Prachi; Kumar, Sachin; Yadav, Sarika; Ayanur, Anjaneya; Chaturvedi, Rajnish K; Das, Mukul; Tripathi, Anurag

    2018-05-01

    Consumption of edible oils contaminated with Argemone oil (AO) leads to a clinical condition called "Epidemic dropsy". Earlier studies have reported that metabolism and oxidative stress primarily contributes to AO toxicity, however, the involvement of immune system has not been assessed so far. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to systematically assess the effect of AO exposure on the function of immune system in Balb/c mice. The repeated exposure of AO for 28 days caused prominent regression of spleen and thymus; severe inflammatory changes in spleen depicted by the loss of distinct follicles, increased megakaryocyte infiltration, and enhanced expression levels of inflammatory markers (iNOS & COX-2). At the functional level, AO exposure significantly abrogated the mixed lymphocyte reaction and mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative activity of T and B cells, which is reflective of profound lymphocyte dysfunction upon antigen exposure. In concordance with the loss in functional activity of lymphocytes in AO exposed animals, it was found the AO altered the relative percentage of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD28  +  T cells. Further, there was a marked decrease in the relative distribution of cells with prominent MHC I and CD1d expression in AO exposed splenocytes. Moreover, reduced levels of immune stimulatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6), and increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 were detected in the serum of AO treated mice. Along with T and B cells, AO exposure also affected the phenotype and activation status of macrophages suggesting the inclination towards "alternative activation of macrophages". Altogether, these functional changes in the immune cells are contributing factors in AO induced immunosuppression. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. La relación entre la antropología mexicana y ecuatoriana: ¿Un camino de ida y vuelta?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando García

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo consiste en una revisión del desarrollo de la antropología mexicana y ecuatoriana desde la perspectiva de los diálogos que atraviesan las propuestas teóricas y metodológicas, considerando desde la formación de profesionales hasta la puesta en marcha de políticas públicas relacionadas con la llamada “antropología aplicada”. Mediante un esbozo rápido y general de seis décadas del naciente pensamiento antropológico ecuatoriano –aunque sin que este sea un balance– se busca establecer cómo la interrelación entre antropología mexicana y ecuatoriana, muestra un camino de ida y vuelta, construido por el cruce de diversas perspectivas teóricas generadas al interior del debate disciplinar con los énfasis e intereses diferenciados de los actores locales.

  5. Las astillas del racionalismo: la crisis del pensamiento moderno en la narrativa mexicana contemporánea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lilia Leticia García Peña

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Una de las grandes herencias de la modernidad es el ejercicio del racion alismo, su cuestion amiento y fragmentación es la cons tante de las formas subvertidas del pensamiento a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. La narrativa mexicana contemporánea muestra esta realidad a través de la representación de personajes que piensan obsesivamente, así como del cuestion amiento intenso de los límites neuronales y racionales del ser humano. El trabajo analiza el imaginario simbólico de este proceso de la narrativa mexicana en cuatro casos fundantes del siglo veinte, Juan Rulfo, José Revueltas, Rosario Castellanos y Luis Carrión, y en cuatro obras de los albores del siglo veintiuno de Aline Pettersson, Pedro Áng el Palou, Patricia Laurent Kullick y Socorro Venegas. Desde el punto de vista de losos referentes teórico-o-críticos literarios, el trabajo parte de los planteamientos mitocríticos de Gilbert Durand, discursivos de Mijaíl Bajtín y semióticos de Iuri Lotman.

  6. Production of antihypertensive peptides by enzymatic zein hydrolysate from maize-zea mays ssp. mexicana introgression line

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, L.; Zhang, X.; Qiao, Y.; Qu, M.

    2014-01-01

    Teosintes are essential gene reservoir for maize breeding improvement, among which Zea mays ssp. mexicana has many valuable traits deserved to be transferred into maize genetic background. In this study, one maize-teosinte introgression line SD00100 was selected from the population of Zea mays ssp. mexicana as wild parent. This introgression line manifested the outstanding agricultural traits similar to maize parent Ye 515 and alien genetic material was identified by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). To produce bioactive peptides with potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, zein extracted from endosperm meal was then undergone enzymatic hydrolysis with thermolysin and the hydrolysate was then filtered through a 3 kDa cut-off membrane. ACE inhibitory activity of permeate from Ye 515 and SD00100 was evaluated by RP-HPLC. The IC50 values of the peptides obtained from maize parent and the introgression line were 96.9 micro g/ml and 22.9 micro g/ml, respectively, with significant difference between them. Our results showed that an outstanding inbred maize line was obtained for production of antihypertensive peptides as well as for further development of functional food. (author)

  7. Altitudinal gradient effect on morphometric variation and leaf symmetry of Platanus mexicana Moric

    OpenAIRE

    Dulce Ma. Galván-Hernández; J. Armando Lozada-García; Norma Flores-Estévez; Jorge Galindo-González; S. Mario Vázquez-Torres

    2015-01-01

    La variación morfométrica y simetría foliar de una población de Platanus mexicana se caracterizaron en un gradiente altitudinal ripario del estado de Veracruz. Ocho caracteres morfométricos se evaluaron en 1,800 hojas provenientes de 15 individuos por sitio (70, 200, 600 y 1,700 m de altitud). Las diferencias morfométricas entre sitios (F(24, 5189) = 21.1, P < 0.05) se determinaron con un análisis de funciones discriminantes. Los caracteres relacionados con el largo y ancho de las hojas deter...

  8. El estado de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito en México: evidencias para fortalecer la estrategia mexicana de seguridad vial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Pérez-Núñez

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Mediante la revisión de información secundaria oficial, publicaciones científicas y el análisis de la ENSANut-2012, este trabajo busca proveer una visión integral de la magnitud actual de las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT en México y analizar críticamente la respuesta social organizada. Las altas tasas de choques, lesiones, muertes y discapacidad atribuidas a este problema de salud pública, representan un elevado costo para la sociedad mexicana, en especial para los hogares. Se discute cómo la respuesta mexicana se ha enfocado a los automovilistas, dejando fuera a usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública y se ha privilegiado la implementación de estrategias poco efectivas. A pesar de que se dispone de legislación para los principales factores de riesgo, se ha descuidado su correcta aplicación. La estrategia mexicana podría fortalecerse implementando estrategias de movilidad seguras, equitativas, saludables y sostenibles para los diferentes actores de la vía pública. A pesar de los avances que se han dado en términos de prevención de LCT, existen aún retos y oportunidades para el país.

  9. Tourism values for Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) viewing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Widerholdt, Ruscena

    2013-01-01

    Migratory species provide diverse ecosystem services to people, but these values have seldom been estimated rangewide for a single species. In this article, we summarize visitation and consumer surplus for recreational visitors to viewing sites for the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) throughout the Southwestern United States. Public bat viewing opportunities are available at 17 of 25 major roosts across six states; on an annual basis, we estimate that over 242,000 visitors view bats, gaining over $6.5 million in consumer surplus. A better understanding of spatial mismatches between the areas where bats provide value to people and areas most critical for maintaining migratory populations can better inform conservation planning, including economic incentive systems for conservation.

  10. [Rapid screening the alkaloids of poppy shell in hot pot condiment, beef noodle soup and seasoning by direct analysis in real time-tandem mass spectrometry].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Baile; Gao, Lihong; Xie, Yingshuang; Zhou, Wei; Chen, Xiaofeng; Lei, Chunni; Zhang, Huan

    2017-07-08

    A direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) method was established for quickly screening five illegally added alkaloids of poppy shell from the hot pot condiment, beef noodle soup and seasoning. The samples were extracted and purified by acetonitrile, and then injected under the conditions of ionization temperature of 300℃, grid electrode voltage of 150 V and sampling rate of 0.8 mm/s using DART in the positive ion mode. The determination was conducted by tandem mass spectrometry in positive ESI mode under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method is simple and rapid, and can meet the requirement of rapid screening and analysis of large quantities of samples.

  11. Gas turbine application in power plants of Mexican refineries; Aplicacion de turbinas de gas en plantas de fuerza de refinerias mexicanas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alcaraz Calderon, A. M.; Rodriguez Martinez, H.; Garcia Paredes, Job; Morales Guillen, Magdalena; Manzanares Papayanapolous, Emilio [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)]. E-mail: malcaraz@iie.org.mx; jhrm@iie.org.mx; jgarcia@iie.org.mx; mmmg@iie.org.mx; emp@iie.org.mx

    2010-11-15

    This article presents an overview of the application to have the gas turbine power generation systems, electric and steam for Mexican refineries. First there is a general description of the gas turbines and heat recovery (system components CHP) and CHP schemes are based on gas turbines capable of use in Mexican refineries. Subsequently referred to the characteristics of energy consumption (steam and electricity) from Mexican refineries and performs a technical analysis of CHP schemes based on gas turbines from the point of view of rates Q/W, power efficiencies and combined concluded that by their nature are very useful for refinery and gives some recommendations for improved implementation. [Spanish] En este articulo se presenta una vision general de la aplicacion que tienen las turbinas de gas en sistemas de generacion de energia electrica y vapor para refinerias mexicanas. Primeramente se da una descripcion general de las turbinas de gas y recuperadores de calor (componentes principales del sistema de cogeneracion) y se muestran los esquemas de cogeneracion basados en turbinas de gas susceptibles de utilizar en refinerias mexicanas. Posteriormente se mencionan las caracteristicas de consumos energeticos (vapor y energia electrica) de las refinerias mexicanas y se realiza un analisis tecnico de los esquemas de cogeneracion basado en turbinas de gas desde el punto de vista de tasas Q/W, eficiencias electricas y combinadas, concluyendose que por sus caracteristicas son muy utiles para refinerias y se dan algunas recomendaciones para su mejor aplicacion.

  12. La Familia: methodological issues in the assessment of perinatal social support for Mexicanas living in the United States.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clark, L

    2001-11-01

    Do Mexicanas receive social support from a close network of family and friends during the perinatal period? To answer this question, a longitudinal ethnographic study followed 28 urban Mexican-origin women living in the US from their last trimester of pregnancy through their first month post-partum. A total of 93 interviews with Mexicanas focused on health and social support. All of the women lived in a large western city in the US but varied in their acculturation and income levels. Analyses identified four social support themes from women's experience (the emic analysis) and four social support typologies from the researcher (etic) analyses. The kinds of support women described as emanating from their support networks were inductively identified as Helping with Daily Hassles, Showing Love and Understanding, Being There for Me, and My Family Failing Me. Approximately half of the women reported densely supportive networks. The other women were disconnected from their support networks, or dealt with antagonism or instability in their networks. Women's perceptions of social support differed from the judgements made by the researcher about received support. Specifically, women perceived more network members in the supportive category than did the researcher by a factor of 1.4, and fewer network members in the disconnected category by a factor of 0.7. From an emic perspective, women listed only half as many antagonistic network members compared to the etic analysis (a factor of 0.50). These emic/etic discrepancies complicate clinical assessment of social support, but suggest that data on social support should be collected as part of the clinical processes of perinatal risking. To enhance assessment of social support, a clinically relevant guide is proposed for use by practitioners caring for Mexicanas in the perinatal period.

  13. Outbreeding and lack of temporal genetic structure in a drone congregation of the neotropical stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mueller, Matthias Y; Moritz, Robin Fa; Kraus, F Bernhard

    2012-06-01

    Drone aggregations are a widespread phenomenon in many stingless bee species (Meliponini), but the ultimate and proximate causes for their formation are still not well understood. One adaptive explanation for this phenomenon is the avoidance of inbreeding, which is especially detrimental for stingless bees due to the combined effects of the complementary sex-determining system and the small effective population size caused by eusociality and monandry. We analyzed the temporal genetic dynamics of a drone aggregation of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana with microsatellite markers over a time window of four weeks. We estimated the drones of the aggregation to originate from a total of 55 colonies using sibship re-construction. There was no detectable temporal genetic differentiation or sub-structuring in the aggregation. Most important, we could exclude all colonies in close proximity of the aggregation as origin of the drones in the aggregation, implicating that they originate from more distant colonies. We conclude that the diverse genetic composition and the distant origin of the drones of the S. mexicana drone congregation provides an effective mechanism to avoid mating among close relatives.

  14. Amigas y enemigas: las madres mexicanas frente a la televisión

    OpenAIRE

    Orozco, Guillermo; Universidad de Guadalajara (México)

    1996-01-01

    En el texto se analizan algunas opiniones de madres mexicanas sobre la televisión en la educación de sus hijos, fruto de tres investigaciones realizadas por el autor entre 1987 y 1995. Información concerniente a sus opiniones la televisión y su relación con lo que conforman la “filosofía educativa” materna, sus modos de intervención pedagógica en la tele videncia de los niños, y sus opiniones y usos de un género televisivo en particular: el noticioso, como fuente de información y eventual act...

  15. Miradas de mujeres mexicanas en las artes visuales y en el cine

    OpenAIRE

    Ayala Rojas, Laura Lucinda

    2012-01-01

    Miradas de mujeres mexicanas, es el concepto mediante el cual se busca definir las formas de concebir el mundo, mismas que son materializadas en la creación de las artes visuales y en el cine. Las Teorías de la Cultura y de los Estudios Visuales de Género son de primordial interés para dilucidar los detonantes y las consecuencias de los fenómenos que han desembocado en una nueva forma de ver. La década de los setenta es la señalada como paradigmática en el abordaje de una nueva visión de gén...

  16. EVALUATION OF TWO VEGETABLES EXTRACTS AND DYE PHLOXINE-B, FOR THE CAPTURE OF THE FLY OF THE CASTILLA WALNUT IN PUEBLA, MEXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Torija-Torres

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available To determine the most effective treatment to capture Rhagoletis zoqui and use it as an alternative to chemical insecticides, this study was developed in two orchards of walnut, during June, July and August of 2010 in San Nicolas de los Ranchos, Puebla. The toxicity of the aqueous extracts from Ricinus communis and Argemone mexicana plants as well as the dye Phloxine-B were evaluated and compared the effectiveness with the commercial insecticide, Malation®, upon R. zoqui. The experiment was tested under a block design organized at random with three repetitions. Mc Phail traps and PET bottles were used in the experiment. The efficiency of the treatments was measured by the rate of capture Flies / Trap / Day (FTD and two-factor ANOVA, with a significance of 0.05 %. Statistical differences were observed between treatments. Malathion® presented the highest capture rate, comparing F.T.D. treatments of Malathion in both orchards, the second most efficient treatment was the extract of R. communis; by the other hand, the treatment less efficient of capture rate in both orchards was the dye Phloxine-B.

  17. Library of Norcoclaurine Synthases and Their Immobilization for Biocatalytic Transformations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lechner, Horst; Soriano, Pablo; Poschner, Roman; Hailes, Helen C; Ward, John M; Kroutil, Wolfgang

    2018-03-01

    Norcoclaurine synthases (NCS), catalyzing a Pictet-Spengler reaction in plants as one of the first enzymes in the biosynthetic benzylisoquinoline pathway, are investigated for biocatalytic transformations. The library of NCS available is extended by two novel NCSs from Argemone mexicana (AmNCS1, AmNCS2) and one new NCS from Corydalis saxicola (CsNCS); furthermore, it is shown that the NCS from Papaver bracteatum (PbNCS) is a highly productive catalyst leading to the isoquinoline product with up to >99% e.e. Under certain conditions lyophilized whole Escherichia coli cells containing the various overexpressed NCS turned out to be suitable catalysts. The reaction using dopamine as substrate bears several challenges such as the spontaneous non-stereoselective background reaction and side reactions. The PbNCS enzyme is successfully immobilized on various carriers whereby EziG3 proved to be the best suited for biotransformations. Dopamine showed limited stability in solution resulting in the coating of the catalyst over time, which could be solved by the addition of ascorbic acid (e.g., 1 mg ml -1 ) as antioxidant. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology Journal Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA.

  18. Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruiz-Padilla, Alan Joel; Campos-Xolalpa, Nimsi; Carranza-Alvarez, Candy; Maldonado-Miranda, Juan Jose

    2017-01-01

    The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review. PMID:29234446

  19. Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alonso-Castro, Angel Josabad; Domínguez, Fabiola; Ruiz-Padilla, Alan Joel; Campos-Xolalpa, Nimsi; Zapata-Morales, Juan Ramón; Carranza-Alvarez, Candy; Maldonado-Miranda, Juan Jose

    2017-01-01

    The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides , Argemone mexicana , and Thevetia peruviana . In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

  20. Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

  1. Experience, but not distance, influences the recruitment precision in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez, Daniel; Kraus, F. Bernhard; Hernández, Manuel De Jesús; Vandame, Rémy

    2007-07-01

    Recruitment precision, i.e. the proportion of recruits that reach an advertised food source, is a crucial adaptation of social bees to their environment. Studies with honeybees showed that recruitment precision is not a fixed feature, but it may be enhanced by factors like experience and distance. However, little is known regarding the recruitment precision of stingless bees. Hence, in this study, we examined the effects of experience and spatial distance on the precision of the food communication system of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana. We conducted the experiments by training bees to a three-dimensional artificial patch at several distances from the colony. We recorded the choices of individual recruited foragers, either being newcomers (foragers without experience with the advertised food source) or experienced (foragers that had previously visited the feeder). We found that the average precision of newcomers (95.6 ± 2.61%) was significantly higher than that of experienced bees (80.2 ± 1.12%). While this might seem counter-intuitive on first sight, this “loss” of precision can be explained by the tendency of experienced recruits to explore nearby areas to find new rewarding food sources after they had initially learned the exact location of the food source. Increasing the distance from the colony had no significant effect on the precision of the foraging bees. Thus, our data show that experience, but not the distance of the food source, affected the patch precision of S. mexicana foragers.

  2. First records of the American wasps Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1770 and Isodontia mexicana (de Saussure, 1867 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae from Bulgaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DENIS GRADINAROV

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Two alien sphecid species are reported for the first time for Bulgaria. Nearctic species Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1770 and Isodontia mexicana (de Saussure, 1867 were found in Sofia. The first species is collected as well from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, near Varna.

  3. Growth and enzymatic activity of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a mutualistic fungus isolated from the leaf-cutting ant Atta mexicana, on cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vigueras, G; Paredes-Hernández, D; Revah, S; Valenzuela, J; Olivares-Hernández, R; Le Borgne, S

    2017-08-01

    A mutualistic fungus of the leaf-cutting ant Atta mexicana was isolated and identified as Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. This isolate had a close phylogenetic relationship with L. gongylophorus fungi cultivated by other leaf-cutting ants as determined by ITS sequencing. A subcolony started with ~500 A. mexicana workers could process 2 g day -1 of plant material and generate a 135 cm 3 fungus garden in 160 days. The presence of gongylidia structures of ~35 μm was observed on the tip of the hyphae. The fungus could grow without ants on semi-solid cultures with α-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose and in solid-state cultures with grass and sugarcane bagasse, as sole sources of carbon. The maximum CO 2 production rate on grass (V max  = 17·5 mg CO 2  L g -1  day -1 ) was three times higher than on sugarcane bagasse (V max  = 6·6 mg CO 2  L g -1 day -1 ). Recoveries of 32·9 mg glucose  g biomass -1 and 12·3 mg glucose  g biomass -1 were obtained from the fungal biomass and the fungus garden, respectively. Endoglucanase activity was detected on carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. This is the first study reporting the growth of L. gongylophorus from A. mexicana on cellulose and plant material. According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the growth of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, isolated from the colony of the ant Atta mexicana, on semisolid medium with cellulose and solid-state cultures with lignocellulosic materials. The maximum CO 2 production rate on grass was three times higher than on sugarcane bagasse. Endoglucanase activity was detected and it was possible to recover glucose from the fungal gongylidia. The cellulolytic activity could be used to process lignocellulosic residues and obtain sugar or valuable products, but more work is needed in this direction. © 2017 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  4. Expansionismo das Grandes Potencias e Questão Nacional. A Revolução Mexicana na era dos Impérios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Ayerbe

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar, a partir de uma breve descrição das disputas políticas e das mudanças de governo que marcaram o processo da Revolução Mexicana entre 1911 e 1917, o entrelaçamento entre dinâmicas locais e internacionais, em que se destaca a projeção de interesses das principais potências da época, cuja agenda no México incorpora determinantes impostas pela guerra mundial de 1914-1918. Para tratar da temática proposta, serão contemplados dois níveis de análise: 1 contextualização histórica da chamada “Era dos Impérios”, entre o último quartel do século XIX e o final da Primeira Guerra, situando as posturas de Estados Unidos e Alemanha com relação ao México; 2 dimensionamento da Revolução Mexicana no debate de esquerda da época sobre a caracterização e impacto do imperialismo nas relações internacionais e nas dinâmicas revolucionarias de países de capitalismo atrasado, retomando abordagens nacionalistas cuja influência em processos políticos posteriores na América Latina nos parece significativa, apesar do reconhecimento pouco destacado como fonte de pesquisa sobre o período. Palavras-chaves: Imperialismo – Questão nacional – Revolução Mexicana – Pensamento social latino-americano   Expansionismo de las grandes potencias y cuestión nacional. La revolución mexicana en la era de los imperios Resumen El objetivo del artículo es analizar, a partir de una breve descripción de las disputas políticas y los cambios de gobierno que marcaron el proceso de la Revolución Mexicana entre 1911 y 1917, el entramado entre las dinámicas locales e internacionales, en que se destaca la proyección de intereses de las principales potencias de la época, cuya agenda en México incorpora determinantes impuestos por la guerra mundial de 1914-1918. Para tratar de la temática propuesta, serán contemplados dos niveles de análisis: 1 contextualización histórica de la llamada “Era de

  5. Determinantes sociodemográficos y personales del bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ángel González-Villalobos

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación el objetivo es analizar la capacidad predictiva de factores sociodemográficos y características personales sobre el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana. Los participantes fueron 976 adultos que cumplimentaron escalas de felicidad, satisfacción vital, emociones positivas y negativas, bienestar psicológico, los Cinco Grandes de personalidad, optimismo y autoestima. Los resultados indicaron que los factores sociodemográficos tenían un tamaño de efecto pequeño sobre las distintas dimensiones de bienestar subjetivo y psicológico. Los análisis de regresión múltiple mostraron que, tanto el bienestar subjetivo como el psicológico, eran explicados por alta extraversión, responsabilidad, autoestima y bajo neuroticismo. Estos resultados sugieren que, no solo los Cinco Grandes, sino la autoestima es un potente predictor de ambos tipos de bienestar en mayor medida que los factores sociodemográficos. Los descubrimientos son consistentes con los encontrados en otras culturas, aunque aparecen diferencias que son discutidas con relación a cómo abordarlas por parte de las autoridades mexicanas.

  6. La empresa de base tecnológica y su contribución a la economía mexicana en el periodo 2004-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moisés Alejandro Alarcón Osuna

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es analizar la contribución de las empresas de base tecnológica (EBT a la economía mexicana. El estudio incluye la revisión de los sectores donde participa la EBT, así como la participación que tienen los 4 estratos de empresas por su tama ̃ no. La comparación enfatiza la aportación de las pymes y de la empresa grande en la generación de valor agregado en los sectores en donde se localizan, enfatizando su desempe ̃ no general. Los hallazgos principales indican que las EBT mexicanas contribuyen al PIB manufacturero nacional con un poco más del 20%, a pesar de que constituyen solo el 2% de las empresas mexicanas. Asimismo, se identificó que son las microempresas las que tienen el más alto valor agregado, pero son las grandes empresas las que tienen una contribución mayor a la economía. Adicionalmente se encontró que los rendimientos crecientes de escala no son una condición que afecte al desempe ̃ no de la EBT. Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Admi- nistración. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

  7. A new species and a new record of Laccaria (Fungi, Basidiomycota) found in a relict forest of the endangered Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramos, Antero; Bandala, Victor M.; Montoya, Leticia

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Two species of Laccaria discovered in relicts of Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana forests in eastern Mexico are described based on the macro- and micromorphological features, and their identity supported by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal RNA gene. The phylogeny obtained here showed that one of the Mexican species is nested in an exclusive clade which in combination with its striking morphological features, infers that it represents a new species, while the other species is placed as a member in the Laccaria trichodermophora clade. This is the first report in Mexico of Laccaria with Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana trees, with which the reported species may form ectomycorrhizal association. Descriptions are accompanied with illustrations of macro- and micromorphological characters and a discussion of related taxa are presented. PMID:29559819

  8. Nissan Mexicana. First place in national prize of electrical energy saving 1998; Nissan Mexicana. Primer lugar en premio nacional de ahorro de energia electrica 1998

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez S, Enrique [Nissan Mexicana, S.A. de C.V., Planta Civac, Cuernavaca, Mor. (Mexico)

    1999-07-01

    For Plant CIVAC of Nissan Mexicana, the energy saving began in the year of 1990. From then, different programs have been developed using different strategies for energy saving until arriving at the Benchmarking with other Plants of Japan, which represents a new challenge, since it opened up an area of opportunity of saving in processes that generally were known in detail as far as to its main function (to make vehicles with quality, cost and opportunity of delivery), but the parameter of energy consumption of by unit and its benefits in relation to the cost was unknown. This was endorsed by the high Direction and began with the optimization of training for the operation of each equipment with the involvement of the user (Production), the engineering area (that establishes the process) and the maintenance area. We designed a general program where the basic activities were included, such as the general and special activities. Each one of them fulfilled its objective, but the special activities took us to the optimization of the processes, finding excess of energy in the design conditions. [Spanish] Para Planta CIVAC de Nissan Mexicana, el ahorro de energia se inicio en el ano de 1990. A partir de entonces se han desarrollado programas de ahorro de energia usando estrategias diferentes hasta llegar al Benchmarking con otras Plantas de Japon, el cual representa un reto nuevo, ya que puso al descubierto una area de oportunidad de ahorro en los procesos que por lo general se conocian a detalle en cuanto a la funcion principal (hacer vehiculos con calidad, costo y oportunidad de entrega), pero se desconocia el parametro de consumo de energia por unidad y sus beneficios en relacion con el costo. Esto fue avalado por la alta Direccion y se inicio con la capacitacion de la optimizacion de la operacion de cada equipo y se involucro al usuario (Produccion), al area de ingenieria (que establece el proceso) y al area de mantenimiento. Elaboramos un programa general donde se

  9. Uncoupled defense gene expression and antimicrobial alkaloid accumulation in elicited opium poppy cell cultures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Facchini, P J; Johnson, A G; Poupart, J; de Luca, V

    1996-01-01

    Treatment of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) cell cultures with autoclaved mycelial homogenates of Botrytis sp. resulted in the accumulation of sanguinarine. Elicitor treatment also caused a rapid and transient induction in the activity of tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase (TYDC, EC 4.1.1.25), which catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine and L-dopa to tyramine and dopamine, respectively, the first steps in sanguinarine biosynthesis. TYDC genes were differentially expressed in response to elicitor treatment. TYDC1-like mRNA levels were induced rapidly but declined to near baseline levels within 5 h. In contrast, TYDC2-like transcript levels increased more slowly but were sustained for an extended period. Induction of TYDC mRNAs preceded that of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) mRNAs. An elicitor preparation from Pythium aphanidermatum was less effective in the induction of TYDC mRNA levels and alkaloid accumulation; however, both elicitors equally induced accumulation of PAL transcripts. In contrast, treatment with methyl jasmonate resulted in an induction of TYDC but not PAL mRNAs. The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine partially blocked the fungal elicitor-induced accumulation of sanguinarine. However, only staurosporine and okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, blocked the induction of TYDC1-like transcript levels, but they did not block the induction of TYDC2-like or PAL transcript levels. These data suggest that activation mechanisms for PAL, TYDC, and some later sanguinarine biosynthetic enzymes are uncoupled. PMID:8754678

  10. El “consentimiento” negociado entre dos comunidades mineras mexicanas y las trasnacionales Goldcorp y Ternium

    OpenAIRE

    Blanca Ruth Santos Cordero; Eleocadio Martínez Silva

    2015-01-01

    En este artículo se busca reconstruir la dinámica de la relación entre empresas trasnacionales y comunidades rurales mexicanas, a partir de dos estudios de caso: la minera canadiense Goldcorp, en Mazapil, Zacatecas, y la italo-argentina Ternium, en San Miguel Arcángel, en Aquila, Michoacán. La hipótesis sostiene que la racionalidad de la máxima ganancia y el cálculo del riesgo están presentes en las negociaciones entabladas entre las comunidades campesinas y las corporaciones. Y, si bien e...

  11. La paradoja mexicana de la delincuencia organizada: Policías, violencia y corrupción

    OpenAIRE

    Edgardo Buscaglia

    2014-01-01

    Este texto describe las condiciones contextuales y dimensiones organizativas mediante las cuales las estructuras criminales mexicanas han evolucionado para constituirse en complejas federaciones de base nacional y amplia presencia territorial. También explica cómo se ha producido la expansión de la delincuencia organizada desde México hacia más de 40 países en los cinco continentes.Un aspecto que expone el texto y es de profunda preocupación, es el hecho de que en México solo se ha implementa...

  12. Responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC y comunicación: la agenda de las grandes empresas mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariela Pérez Chavarría

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación pionera en México acerca de cómo es la comunicación de la responsabilidad social corporativa(rsc en el país y cómo es esa responsabilidad (prácticas más comunes, áreas más atendidas, programas, stakeholders, etc., a partir de lo que dicen al respecto (por internet las 25 empresas más importantes de México, según la revista mexicana Expansión.

  13. Factores biopsicosociales asociados a la disfunción sexual femenina en una población mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Vega M, Genaro; Flores C, Patricia Jezabel; Ávila M, Javier; Becerril S, Alma; Vega M, Alfredo Jesús; Camacho C, Nicolás; García S, Pablo

    2014-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar los factores biopsicosociales asociados a la disfunción sexual femenina en una población mexicana. Métodos: Estudio comparativo en mujeres que acudieron como acompañantes a una Unidad de Medicina Familiar de Querétaro, México. Se aplicaron las encuestas de Laumman, Chávez y Velazco, Faces III, y Grajales para valorar sexualidad, funcionalidad conyugal, funcionalidad familiar y estado de la autoestima. Los resultados fueron analizados con Odds Ratios, Chi cuadrado y t de S...

  14. La política eólica mexicana: Controversias sociales y ambientales debido a su implantación territorial. Estudios de caso en Oaxaca y Yucatán

    OpenAIRE

    Zárate Toledo, Ezequiel; Fraga, Julia

    2016-01-01

    La política eólica mexicana es impulsada por organismos de desarrollo internacionales que indujeron a los poderes públicos la adopción de una serie de mecanismos técnicos y financieros para la integración de las energías renovables al sistema eléctrico nacional. En este artículo se analiza el diseño de la política eólica mexicana y los conflictos relacionados con su implantación territorial. Para lograrlo nos basaremos en el análisis de caso de dos regiones del país: el sur del Istmo de Tehua...

  15. Empoderamiento en mujeres mexicanas: Experiencias de mujeres líderes de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julita Elemí Hernández Sánchez

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available En artículo analiza el término de empoderamiento, y las experiencias en la vida de mujeres líderes políticas mexicanas, con el fin de determinar cuáles de estas experiencias influyeron  en el  proceso de empoderamiento. Se analiza como las mujeres mismas vivieron ese proceso y que sucesos fueron comunes a ellas, en especial desde los ejes de análisis de educación, crianza, ambiente familiar, religión, entre otras. De acuerdo a lo esperado, se encontró que las mujeres entrevistadas, a pesar de ser de diversos orígenes comparten experiencias que las ayudaron o bien dificultaron su proceso de empoderamiento.

  16. Estudio descriptivo de la influencia del inglés en la prensa mexicana del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Vázquez Amador, María

    2015-01-01

    L a prensa es reflejo de la realidad vivida en un determinado periodo de tiempo . Este artículo pretende mostrar la influencia de la lengua inglesa en la mexicana a través del análisis de los anglicismos localizados en diversos periódicos publicado s en México durante el siglo XIX . Asimismo se tratará de comprobar la e volución de estas voces a nivel formal y semántico con el fin de determinar si permanecieron y se ada...

  17. Análisis de portafolio por sectores mediante el uso de algoritmos genéticos: caso aplicado a la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha del Pilar Rodríguez García

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El tipo de sector, el tamaño de la empresa, el número de trabajadores, etc. son variables que se consideran de control en una gran cantidad de publicaciones. En este trabajo consideramos estudiar la variable sector —más que como una variable de control— como una variable determinante del desempeño financiero (Baird et al. 2012 y del riesgo (Artikis y Nifora, 2011. Así, se analiza seis sectores de la economía mexicana divididos de acuerdo con la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores en Industrial, Productos de consumo básico, Materiales, Productos de consumo no básico, Telecomunicaciones y Servicios financieros. La muestra se compone de 30 empresas mexicanas dentro del periodo de 2007-2012. Para medir el desempeño del portafolio se utilizan dos indicadores clásicos: (1 Alfa de Jensen y (2 Ratio de Sharpe; se utiliza una métrica condicional que mide el número de veces que el rendimiento del portafolio supera el rendimiento promedio del mercado. El objetivo es encontrar un portafolio que maximice estos parámetros y comparar los resultados entre los diferentes sectores bajo estudio. Debido a un problema de programación no lineal, se utilizan algoritmos genéticos para obtener el portafolio óptimo que maximice estas métricas. Los resultados muestran un mejor desempeño financiero ajustado a riesgo en el sector de Materiales y Servicios financieros y un desempeño más bajo en sectores como el Industrial y el de Telecomunicaciones.

  18. Gene disruptions indicate an essential function for the LmmCRK1 cdc2-related kinase of Leishmania mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mottram, J C; McCready, B P; Brown, K G; Grant, K M

    1996-11-01

    The generation of homozygous null mutants for the crk1 Cdc2-Related Kinase of Leishmania mexicana was attempted using targeted gene disruption. Promastigote mutants heterozygous for crk1 were readily isolated with a hyg-targeting fragment, but attempts to create null mutants by second-round transfections with a bie-targeting fragment yielded two classes of mutant, neither of which was null. First, the transfected fragment formed an episome; second, the cloned transfectants were found to contain wild-type crk1 alleles as well as hyg and ble integrations. DNA-content analysis revealed that these mutants were triploid or tetraploid. Plasticity in chromosome number following targeting has been proposed as a means by which Leishmania avoids deletion of essential genes. These data support this theory and implicate crk1 as an essential gene, validating CRK1 as a potential drug target. L mexicana transfected with a Trypanosoma brucel homologue, tbcrk1, was shown to be viable in an immcrk1 null background, thus showing complementation of function between these trypanosomatid genes. The expression of crk1 was further manipulated by engineering a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus of the kinase, allowing purification of the active complex by affinity selection on Nl(2+)-nitriloacetic acid (NTA) agarose.

  19. Migración y acceso a servicios de salud: El caso de la población mexicana residente en Minnesota, EEUU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Melisa Pardo Montaño

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar un panorama general del acceso a los servicios de salud de inmigrantes mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos, en particular en Minnesota. Primero se exponen los datos generales acerca de la población mexicana residente en ese país y estado, desagregando el acceso a la seguridad médica y el uso de los servicios de salud por parte de la población en estudio. Enseguida se analiza el caso de la población mexicana en Minnesota. Se finaliza reseñando algunos de los mecanismos de acceso a la salud que están disponibles para los migrantes en ese destino. Se han utilizado las estadísticas más recientes del Consejo Nacional de Población (México, la National Health Interview Survey (2009-2011 y el National Healthcare Disparities Report (2012; además de entrevistas semiestructuradas que se realizaron en Minnesota con inmigrantes y representantes de organizaciones de apoyo de esta población.

  20. Effect of a second bloodmeal on the oesophagus colonization by Leishmania mexicana complex in Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Vivenes

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Migration and colonization of the oesophagus by Leishmania mexicana parasites were enhanced after digestion of a second bloodmeal intake in Lutzomyia evansi. This event has epidemiological significance since it affects the infection susceptibility of this sand fly species, which is a proven vector of L. chagasi in Colombian and Venezuelan visceral leishmaniasis foci. Also, it may explain the host seeking behaviour displayed by some partially bloodfed flies found inside houses.

  1. A Guerra Mexicana contra o Narcotráfico e a Iniciativa Mérida: Desafios e Perspectivas

    OpenAIRE

    Bernardi, Bruno Boti

    2010-01-01

    O texto faz um balanço da estratégia de combate frontal do governo Calderón ao narcotráfico e da cooperação bilateral entre México e Estados Unidos no assunto, salientando os desafios que se colocam diante do enfrentamento às organizações de tráfico de drogas mexicanas.

  2. Lutzomyia gasparviannai Martins, Godoy & Silva, 1962, probable vector of Leishmania mexicana ssp. in Viana municipality, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

    OpenAIRE

    Falqueto,Aloísio; Grimaldi Júnior,Gabriel; Sessa,Paulo Augusto; Varejão,José Benedito Malta; Deane,Leonidas M.

    1985-01-01

    Dos flebótomos atraídos pelo Proechimys iheringi numa área onde esse roedor foi achado naturalmente infectado por Leishmania mexicana ssp., 98,1% foram Lutzomyia gasparviannai, o que sugere que essa espécie não antropofílica seja o transmissor entre os roedores mas não habitualmente ao homem.

  3. Lutzomyia gasparviannai Martins, Godoy & Silva, 1962, probable vector of Leishmania mexicana ssp. in Viana municipality, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aloísio Falqueto

    1985-12-01

    Full Text Available Dos flebótomos atraídos pelo Proechimys iheringi numa área onde esse roedor foi achado naturalmente infectado por Leishmania mexicana ssp., 98,1% foram Lutzomyia gasparviannai, o que sugere que essa espécie não antropofílica seja o transmissor entre os roedores mas não habitualmente ao homem.

  4. Caracterización de sitios de percha del guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) en Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes, México Roost sites characteristics of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) in Sierra Fria, Aguascalientes, Mexico

    OpenAIRE

    Marcelo Márquez-Olivas; Edmundo García-Moya; Carlos González-Rebeles Islas; Humberto Vaquera-Huerta

    2007-01-01

    Entre octubre y noviembre del año 2001 y mayo de 2002 se localizaron 16 sitios de percha de guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) en la Sierra Fría de Aguascalientes. El 87.5% de los sitios se encontraron en bosques de pino-encino (en rodales de pinos), en altitudes de 2500 a 2650 m. En la parte alta (2/3) de la cuesta se localizaron 8 de los sitios y 7 sobre laderas de exposición noreste, en una pendiente promedio de 38.9 ± 12.6%. El 62.5% de los sitios se usaron durante todo el...

  5. En pos de la construcción del sentido de lo nacional. Universos sonoros y dancísticos en la escuela mexicana (1920-1940

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Esther AGUIRRE LORA

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Durante las décadas posteriores a la Revolución Mexicana, los círculos intelectuales y políticos comprometidos con la renovación social y cultural del país se volcaron de lleno en la construcción del sentido de pertenencia a la Nación a través del conocimiento y la divulgación de lo mexicano. La educación artística, entre amplios sectores de la población, particularmente la música y la danza, jugó un papel estelar al respecto propiciando el conocimiento de los diversos poblados mexicanos entre sí. La indagación de estas expresiones locales trascendió no sólo a los ámbitos urbanos; también fue retomada por los artistas eruditos que fundaron auténticas Escuelas Mexicanas de Música y de Danza.

  6. Infección de fibroblastos de piel de animales con distinto grado de susceptibilidad a Leishmania infantum y Leishmania mexicana (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Angel Minero

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se presenta un modelo in vitro de cultivo de fibroblastos de piel de hámster, ratón y rata hecho con el propósito de determinar diferencias en cuanto a la susceptibilidad a la infección por dos especies del género Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae. Se realizó además un estudio ultraestructural por microscopía electrónica de transmisión con el fin de establecer si las formas intracelulares observadas correspondían a multiplicación interna o a fagocitosis múltiple. Se estudió la multiplicación de los parásitos en los fibroblastos de las tres especies de roedores infectados tanto por Leishmania infantum como por L. mexicana (cepa OCR y las diferencias entre las tres fueron estadísticamente significativas (pInfection and multiplication of Leishmania infantum and L. mexicana inside of skin fibroblasts from hamsters, mice and rats was achieved. This process was demonstrated either by counting parasites inside the stained cells or by electronic microscopy studies. In addition multiplication rate differences in the cells from these rodent species were determined, for L. infantum as well as for L. mexicana. Parasite development in hamsters and mice fibroblasts was evident but there was not multiplication in rat cells showing that apparently they are refractory to Leishmania infection. These results suggest that the parasite affinity for each animal, as well as any intracellular environment resistance, could involve genetic factors in the parasite multiplication. On the other hand, presence of amastigote multiplication inside of parasitophorus vacuole, showed by electronic microscopy images, probes a true parasite transformation. Therefore it is suggested that fibroblasts could work as host cells for parasite survival and permanency in the infected animals

  7. Cardiovascular disease surveillance in Mexicans and Mexican Americans: a tale of two countries Enfermedad cardiovascular en mexicanos y estadounidenses de ascendencia mexicana: una historia de dos países

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Angel Durazo-Arvizu

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available La migración a gran escala que tiene lugar actualmente de México a los Estados Unidos de América origina nuevos retos para la salud pública. Se deben diseñar políticas de salud bien fundamentadas que aborden los problemas emergentes de salud en los estadounidenses de origen mexicano y otras subpoblaciones de los Estados Unidos. En este artículo se describe un enfoque que permite analizar la carga de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV, tanto en mexicanos como en estadounidenses de ascendencia mexicana (en el contexto de la sociedad que acaban de abandonar. Estos datos se analizan también en el contexto de otras poblaciones de ascendencia hispanoamericana. La caracterización rigurosa de la población migrante mexicana permitirá explicar el estado de salud de los estadounidenses de ascendencia mexicana. De manera similar, la copiosa experiencia en salud pública acumulada en los Estados Unidos puede ser útil en la lucha para controlar las ECV en México. El primer paso lógico puede ser alinear los sistemas existentes de datos de los dos países y describir los patrones fundamentales del desenlace y las situaciones de riesgo de la enfermedad.

  8. Frecuencia de genes de virulencia en infecciones mixtas con cepas de Helicobacter pylori de una población mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. González-Vázquez

    2016-01-01

    Conclusiones: La prueba de Fisher no mostró una asociación significativa entre el resultado clínico y el genotipo en la población estudiada. Los genotipos circulantes en la población mexicana fueron cagA+, vacAs1, vacAm1. La PCR multiplex puede usarse para genotipificar rápidamente las cepas de H. pylori. cagE es un buen marcador para identificar cepas cag-PAI+.

  9. LmxMPK4, an essential mitogen-activated protein kinase of Leishmania mexicana is phosphorylated and activated by the STE7-like protein kinase LmxMKK5

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    John von Freyend, Simona; Rosenqvist, Heidi; Fink, Annette

    2010-01-01

    The essential mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), LmxMPK4, of Leishmania mexicana is minimally active when purified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli and was therefore unsuitable for drug screening until now. Using an E. coli protein co-expression system we identified...... LmxMKK5, a STE7-like protein kinase from L. mexicana, which phosphorylates and activates recombinant LmxMPK4 in vitro. LmxMKK5 is comprised of 525 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 55.9kDa. The co-expressed, purified LmxMPK4 showed strong phosphotransferase activity in radiometric...... kinase assays and was confirmed by immunoblot and tandem mass spectrometry analyses to be phosphorylated on threonine 190 and tyrosine 192 of the typical TXY MAP kinase activation motif. The universal protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine reduced the phosphotransferase activity of co...

  10. High precision during food recruitment of experienced (reactivated) foragers in the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana (Apidae, Meliponini)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez, Daniel; Nieh, James C.; Hénaut, Yann; Cruz, Leopoldo; Vandame, Rémy

    Several studies have examined the existence of recruitment communication mechanisms in stingless bees. However, the spatial accuracy of location-specific recruitment has not been examined. Moreover, the location-specific recruitment of reactivated foragers, i.e., foragers that have previously experienced the same food source at a different location and time, has not been explicitly examined. However, such foragers may also play a significant role in colony foraging, particularly in small colonies. Here we report that reactivated Scaptotrigona mexicana foragers can recruit with high precision to a specific food location. The recruitment precision of reactivated foragers was evaluated by placing control feeders to the left and the right of the training feeder (direction-precision tests) and between the nest and the training feeder and beyond it (distance-precision tests). Reactivated foragers arrived at the correct location with high precision: 98.44% arrived at the training feeder in the direction trials (five-feeder fan-shaped array, accuracy of at least +/-6° of azimuth at 50 m from the nest), and 88.62% arrived at the training feeder in the distance trials (five-feeder linear array, accuracy of at least +/-5 m or +/-10% at 50 m from the nest). Thus, S. mexicana reactivated foragers can find the indicated food source at a specific distance and direction with high precision, higher than that shown by honeybees, Apis mellifera, which do not communicate food location at such close distances to the nest.

  11. Diversidad de la Oferta Televisiva Mexicana: Dos Semanas de 1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Enrique Huerta Wong

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo reporta el análisis de la programación de la televisión abierta mexicana y forma parte del programa de investigación realizado bajo el auspicio de la Cátedra Televisa. La muestra pretende ser representativa del primer semestre de 1999. Las vari ables centrales fueron origen de la programación, macrogénero y género. Al discutir que la diversidad en la oferta es un fac tor importante para hablar de un sistema de medios de comunicación deseable en el tránsito a la democracia, encuentra amplia concentración tanto en géneros como orígenes de la programación; lo cual se enfatiza aún más en los horarios de mayor audiencia. Se concluye que la televisión se comporta de manera contraria a los intereses de una población diversa, sesgando la percepción de la realidad e incumpliendo así sus funciones.

  12. Segregación socioespacial urbana. Debates contemporáneos e implicaciones para las ciudades mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Pérez-Campuzano

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La segregación socioespacial es un tema recurrente en disciplinas como la sociología y la geografia; sin embargo ha sido poco tratado en la literatura especializada en lWéxico, quizás por su falta de anclaje teó¡ico claro o por la escasez de datos específicos para medirla. En este trabajo se presenta una aproximación a la temática con especial atención en la construcción teórica y empírica en los países desarrollados y en las posibles implicaciones para los estudios sobre ciudades mexicanas.

  13. Factores de éxito de las alianzas estratégicas: el caso de las empresas integradoras mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Camargo Mireles, Ph.D

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este trabajo fue explorar los factores de desempeño en las empresas integradoras mexicanas (una forma de alianza estratégica, aplicando un modelo teórico integral derivado de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura del periodo 1985-2010. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el desempeño de las alianzas está en función de dos actores: el socio y la alianza, y que cada uno de ellos tiene sus propios factores determinantes.

  14. Tezcatlipoca (post)moderno : reinterpretaciones de la figura del Espejo Humeante en la narrativa mexicana contemporánea

    OpenAIRE

    Andzel-O'Shanahan, Edyta

    2017-01-01

    El propósito del presente trabajo es el de rastrear la presencia de la figura de Tezcatlipoca y de los mitos relacionados con él en la literatura mexicana de los siglos XX y XXI. Uno de los dioses principales en la cosmovisión azteca, el omnipotente y omnipresente dios de la guerra, capaz de entender los secretos de los corazones humanos y de revelar el destino, reaparece en la narrativa contemporánea con todo su rico simbolismo. Las reelaboraciones de su imagen se inscriben, sin embargo, den...

  15. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: heterogeneity in 5-nucleotidase and peroxidase activities of mononuclear phagocytes during in vivo and in vitro infection

    OpenAIRE

    Côrte-Real, Suzana; Grimaldi Junior, Gabriel; Meirelles, Maria de Nazareth Leal de

    1988-01-01

    The degree of maturation of cells of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS), during in vivo and in vitro infection by Leishmania mexicana amazonenesis, was evaluated in this study. The macrophages' differentiation was assayed by cytochemical characterization at the ultrastrctural level, using two well-established markers: 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity, for revealing the mature cells, and the peroxidase activity present in the cell granules to demonstrate immature mononuclear phagocytes. onl...

  16. Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology: a case study on extremophile live bearing fishes (Poecilia mexicana, P. sulphuraria).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulz-Mirbach, Tanja; Riesch, Rüdiger; García de León, Francisco J; Plath, Martin

    2011-12-01

    Our study was designed to evaluate if, and to what extent, restrictive environmental conditions affect otolith morphology. As a model, we chose two extremophile livebearing fishes: (i) Poecilia mexicana, a widespread species in various Mexican freshwater habitats, with locally adapted populations thriving in habitats characterized by the presence of one (or both) of the natural stressors hydrogen sulphide and darkness, and (ii) the closely related Poecilia sulphuraria living in a highly sulphidic habitat (Baños del Azufre). All three otolith types (lapilli, sagittae, and asterisci) of P. mexicana showed a decrease in size ranging from the non-sulphidic cave habitat (Cueva Luna Azufre), to non-sulphidic surface habitats, to the sulphidic cave (Cueva del Azufre), to sulphidic surface habitats (El Azufre), to P. sulphuraria. Although we found a distinct differentiation between ecotypes with respect to their otolith morphology, no clear-cut pattern of trait evolution along the two ecological gradients was discernible. Otoliths from extremophiles captured in the wild revealed only slight similarities to aberrant otoliths found in captive-bred fish. We therefore hypothesize that extremophile fishes have developed coping mechanisms enabling them to avoid aberrant otolith growth - an otherwise common phenomenon in fishes reared under stressful conditions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  17. Genetic variability for different quantitative traits in M2 generations of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatterjee, A.; Shukla, S.; Singh, S.P.

    2004-01-01

    An experiment on induced mutation in two varieties of opium poppy was laid out to create new genetic variability for isolation of high yielding genotypes. Varieties NBRI-1 and NBRI-5 were subjected to irradiation for five doses of gamma rays and NBRI-5 was also treated with four doses of EMS and 20 mixed doses of EMS plus gamma rays. The data were recorded on 15 plants/treatment for 10 polygenic characters as pooled in M1 and M2 generations separately as well as in each dose-wise in M2 population. The results indicated that GCV, heritability and genetic advance were higher in M1 than M2 in both the varieties for all the traits except for opium and seed yield. The genetic advance was consistently high for opium yield, seed yield and capsule weight in all the doses for both the varieties with some exception. The dose level of kR10 and kR30 in NBRI-1 revealed high GCV, heritability and genetic advance for seed weight. These treatment levels also had high values of all these three genetic parameters for capsules per plant, capsule size and capsule weight. The values of these three parameters were also high for all the doses in M2 generations of both the varieties for opium yield, seed weight, capsule weight and capsule size in comparison to control. The GCV, heritability and genetic advance were consistently high for all the mixed doses in NBRI-5 for opium yield, seed weight and capsule weight, with some exception [it

  18. Determinantes sociodemográficos y personales del bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    González-Villalobos, José Ángel; Marrero, Rosario Josefa

    2017-01-01

    En esta investigación el objetivo es analizar la capacidad predictiva de factores sociodemográficos y características personales sobre el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en población mexicana. Los participantes fueron 976 adultos que cumplimentaron escalas de felicidad, satisfacción vital, emociones positivas y negativas, bienestar psicológico, los Cinco Grandes de personalidad, optimismo y autoestima. Los resultados indicaron que los factores sociodemográficos tenían un tamaño de efecto pe...

  19. Palladium polypyridyl complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction and biological activity on Leishmania (L.) mexicana

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Navarro, Maribel; Betancourt, Adelmo; Hernandez, Clara; Marchan, Edgar

    2008-01-01

    This paper describes the search for new potential chemotherapeutic agents based on transition metal complexes with planar ligands. In this study, palladium polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, UV-VIS and IR spectroscopies. The interaction of the complexes with DNA was also investigated by spectroscopic methods. All metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands of the palladium polypyridyl complexes exhibited hypochromism and red shift in the presence of DNA. The binding constant and viscosity data suggested that the complexes [PdCl 2 (phen)] and [PdCl 2 (phendiamine)] interact with DNA by electrostatic forces. Additionally, these complexes induced an important leishmanistatic effect on L. (L.) mexicana promastigotes at the final concentration of 10 μmol L -1 in 48 h. (author)

  20. Coherencia interna y sincretismo teórico en la fundamentación constitucional mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Eusebio Alberto Avendaño González

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available En la teoría jurídica actual el ámbito constitucional es la plataforma para la garantía de los derechos y las libertades; sin embargo, la Constitución mexicana prevé supuestos que son excluyentes entre sí. Esta circunstancia implica prescribir en el nivel constitucional un derecho y, a su vez, un no derecho, lo que por consecuencia crea un sincretismo metodológico. Este texto, además de denunciar tal contradicción, defiende la premisa de que la Constitución requiere de coherencia interna. Dicha idea toma como base el principio de igualdad y la interpretación judicial, para adecuar la coherencia teórica y normativa de la carta constitucional.

  1. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: heterogeneity in 5-nucleotidase and peroxidase activities of mononuclear phagocytes during in vivo and in vitro infection Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: heterogeneidade da 5’-Nucleotidase e da peroxidase em fagócitos mononucleares durante infecção in vivo e in vitro

    OpenAIRE

    Suzana Côrte-Real; Gabriel Grimaldi Junior; Maria de Nazareth Leal de Meirelles

    1988-01-01

    The degree of maturation of cells of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS), during in vivo and in vitro infection by Leishmania mexicana amazonenesis, was evaluated in this study. The macrophages' differentiation was assayed by cytochemical characterization at the ultrastrctural level, using two well-established markers: 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity, for revealing the mature cells, and the peroxidase activity present in the cell granules to demonstrate immature mononuclear phagocytes. onl...

  2. Risk factors connected to gastrointestinal parasites in mantled Alouatta palliata mexicana and black howler monkeys Alouatta pigra living in continuous and in fragmented rainforests in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Genoveva TREJO-MACÍAS, Alejandro ESTRADA

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available In this study we document the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and protozoans found in fecal samples of populations of Alouatta palliata mexicana and of A. pigra in Los Tuxtlas and in Palenque, southeast Mexico, and its relation to habitat condition, sex/age and season. Nineteen parasite morphotypes were detected in the fecal samples from populations of the two howler monkeys, of which 58% were shared by both species. When considering all parasite species, populations of the two howler species were more likely to be parasitized in fragmented habitat compared to continuous habitat. Individuals of both howler monkey species that lived in fragmented habitat had a higher prevalence of Controrchis biliophilus. A. p. mexicana individuals had a higher prevalence of Trypanoxyuris minutus than A. pigra, probably the result of the larger group sizes found in the former species, and T. minutus was more likely to be found in A. palliata individuals that lived in fragmented habitat. Adult A. p. mexicana males had a higher risk of being parasitized compared to adult females, but these differences were not detected in A. pigra. Parasite species such as Entamoeba sp., Nematoda sp. 28, Nematoda sp. B and Parabronema sp. where only found during the wet season in both howler monkey species. Populations of both howler monkey species had a higher prevalence of Nematoda sp. A in the wet season and Ascaridae eggs were only detected during the wet season in A. pigra. Other parasites detected displayed no clear seasonal pattern [Current Zoology 58 (3: 375-383, 2012].

  3. La Educación de la Mujer Mexicana en la prensa femenina durante el Porfiriato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morelos Torres Aguilar

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo es producto de una investigación sobre las publicaciones mexicanas dirigidas al público femenino durante el porfiriato, las cuales desempeñaron una importante función educativa. El principal objetivo de la investigación es analizar, comprender, comparar e interpretar las principales propuestas que aparecían en estas respecto a la educación de la mujer, a partir de los artículos editoriales o de las columnas destacadas en cada uno de los medios. La investigación ofrece un panorama que permite conocer las posturas más relevantes en el debate planteado en las revistas sobre la educación femenina. El método utilizado consistió en la revisión y análisis de la hemerografía de época, para lo cual fueron estudiadas diversas publicaciones, de las cuales se seleccionaron diez como las más representativas. Posteriormente se utilizó un marco teórico hermenéutico, el cual permitió analizar, comprender y posteriormente interpretar el proceso histórico, el discurso educativo y el contenido ideológico de los medios referidos. La investigación concluye que los contenidos educativos de las publicaciones corresponden al concepto de "educación informal"; asimismo, que existieron principalmente dos posturas antagónicas en torno a la educación de las mujeres: una conservadora, que recomendaba educarlas, y otra liberal o modernizadora, que proponía instruirlas. En este sentido, la principal hipótesis de la que se parte propone que ambas posturas trataban de determinar, por medio de la educación, el perfil que debía tener la mujer mexicana durante esa época.

  4. Competitividad de las metrópolis mexicanas en el ámbito nacional, latinoamericano y mundial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Garza

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Existe un creciente interés por cuantificar los niveles de competitividad de las ciudades, pues todas las naciones requieren elevar la eficiencia de sus urbes para estar en posibilidad de articularse ventajosamente dentro del proceso de mundialización de la economía. Con el fin de desarrollar el planteamiento anterior, un primer objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar las principales teorías sobre el crecimiento económico de las ciudades y los factores determinantes de su grado de competitividad. A ello le sigue, como segundo propósito, presentar las características del sistema planetario de ciudades en 2005. En tercer lugar se analiza el grado de competitividad de las ciudades en México, Latinoamérica y el mundo, mediante la consideración de un conjunto de investigaciones que se han realizado al respecto. Se trata de estudiar comparativamente algunas de las principales clasificaciones existentes en México, para posteriormente ubicar los niveles de competitividad de las ciudades del país en el ámbito latinoamericano y mundial. Se considera como conclusión central que el hecho de que 20 ciudades mexicanas figuren entre las 500 más competitivas del mundo no ha promovido un desarrollo económico significativo, ni impidió que la competitividad global del país se haya desplomado del lugar 42° al 60° entre 2002 y 2009. Para invertir esta tendencia se requiere diseñar un nuevo modelo de acumulación de capital en México que permita superar las crisis recurrentes y retomar el sendero hacia un desarrollo económico sostenido, para lo cual es indispensable elevar el nivel de competitividad de las principales ciudades mexicanas a fin de que participen exitosamente dentro de una economía de escala planetaria.

  5. Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad física en población mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López-Alvarenga Juan Carlos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar si el cuestionario de actividad física (CAF de Laval es reproducible y sensible para detectar diferencias en grupos de mexicanos con peso normal y en obesos. Material y métodos. Estudio efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, entre enero y mayo de 1999, en México, D.F. El CAF se tradujo al castellano y se adaptó a población mexicana. Se midió la reproducibilidad por prueba-reprueba, con cuatro semanas de diferencia (n=30 sujetos con obesidad. Para determinar la sensibilidad del cuestionario se comparó un grupo de jóvenes cadetes (n=18 con otro de jóvenes civiles (n=32. Se utilizó como concordancia el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se empleó la prueba t de student pareada o para muestras independientes, según fuera necesario. Resultados. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0.86. El CAF fue sensible al demostrar diferencias de más de 400 kcal/día (1 674 kJ/día y más de 4 kcal/kg/día (17 kJ/kg/día entre jóvenes con actividad física importante (t de Student. Conclusiones. El CAF es un instrumento sensible y reproducible que puede ser utilizado en población mexicana. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

  6. El “consentimiento” negociado entre dos comunidades mineras mexicanas y las trasnacionales Goldcorp y Ternium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blanca Ruth Santos Cordero

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se busca reconstruir la dinámica de la relación entre empresas trasnacionales y comunidades rurales mexicanas, a partir de dos estudios de caso: la minera canadiense Goldcorp, en Mazapil, Zacatecas, y la italo-argentina Ternium, en San Miguel Arcángel, en Aquila, Michoacán. La hipótesis sostiene que la racionalidad de la máxima ganancia y el cálculo del riesgo están presentes en las negociaciones entabladas entre las comunidades campesinas y las corporaciones. Y, si bien en ellas se ha establecido una hegemonía de la racionalidad económica capitalista, el consentimiento ha sido activo y negociado.

  7. Central nervous system effects and chemical composition of two subspecies of Agastache mexicana; an ethnomedicine of Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Estrada-Reyes, Rosa; López-Rubalcava, C; Ferreyra-Cruz, Octavio Alberto; Dorantes-Barrón, Ana María; Heinze, G; Moreno Aguilar, Julia; Martínez-Vázquez, Mariano

    2014-04-11

    Agastache mexicana subspecies mexicana (Amm) and xolocotziana (Amx) are used in Mexican traditional medicine to relief cultural affiliation syndromes known as "susto" or "espanto", for "nervous" condition, and as a sleep aid. Despite its intensive use, neuropharmacological studies are scarce, and the chemical composition of the aqueous extracts has not been described. Aims of the study are: (1) To analyze the chemical composition of aqueous extracts from aerial parts of Amm and Amx. (2) To evaluate the anxiolytic-like, sedative, antidepressant-like effects. (3) Analyze the general toxic effects of different doses. Anxiolytic-like and sedative effects were measured in the avoidance exploratory behavior, burying behavior and the hole-board tests. The antidepressant-like actions were studied in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Finally, general activity and motor coordination disturbances were evaluated in the open field, inverted screen and rota-rod tests. The acute toxicity of Amm and Amx was determined by calculating their LD50 (mean lethal dose). The chemical analyses were performed employing chromatographic, photometric and HPLC-ESI-MS techniques. Low doses of Amm and Amx (0.1σ1.0mg/kg) induced anxiolytic-like actions; while higher doses (over 10mg/kg) induced sedation and reduced the locomotor activity, exerting a general inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS). Results support the use of Amm and Amx in traditional medicine as tranquilizers and sleep inducers. Additionally, this paper contributes to the knowledge of the chemical composition of the aqueous extracts of these plants. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. El Inicio de los Anglicismos en la Prensa Mexicana: la Gazeta de México (1774-1809)f

    OpenAIRE

    Vazquez-Amador, Maria

    2011-01-01

    Aunque el fenómeno masivo de incorporación de los anglicismos es relativamente reciente, ya las voces inglesas empezaron a aparecer de manera incipiente en la lengua española a partir del siglo XVIII. En este estudio se va a investigar el inicio de la irrupción de los anglicismos en la prensa mexicana de finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX con el fin de conocer los orígenes de la influencia de la lengua inglesa en la lengua española hablada en este país. Los anglicismo...

  9. COMPOSICIÓN ELEMENTAL DE ALGUNAS ESPECIES DE PLANTAS SILVESTRES MEXICANAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. C. Raya Pérez

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El conocer la composición elemental de las plantas puede ser útil desde varios puntos de vista, como el saber sus necesidades nutricionales y tener una idea del tipo de mantillo que se podría formar en un momento dado. En el caso específico del silicio, las plantas que lo acumulan pueden formar fitolitos, muy útiles en paleoecología y arqueología. Se recolectaron especies de plantas de varias partes del centro-occidente de México y se determinó su composición elemental mediante sonda dispersiva de rayos X acoplada a un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Las plantas semiparásitas (plantas que fotosintetizan pero que toman sus nutrientes de la planta que parasitan acumulan cantidades considerables de iones como potasio y cloro para usarlos como osmolitos. Tillandsia recurvata, a pesar de ser epífita, acumula una buena cantidad de silicio, lo mismo que Cyperus sp., registrada como acumuladora de este elemento. Otras especies como Tagetes micrantha, de uso en la cocina mexicana, podrían contribuir en alguna medida al aporte de micronutrientes como potasio y magnesio.

  10. COMO LOS LABIOS DE UNA MISMA BOCA. CUATRO ACERCAMIENTOS A LA POESÍA MEXICANA DE TEMAS HOMOSEXUAL Y GAY

    OpenAIRE

    Jesús Eduardo García Castillo

    2013-01-01

    Este trabajo propone que la poesía mexicana de temas gay y homosexual puede dividirse cronológicamente en cuatro etapas sucesivas: una descrip - tiva, cuya dominante es referencial; una sublimada, en la que predomina la intención paradójica de ocultar y declararse al mismo tiempo; una que subraya la semejanza corporal como característica preponderante del homoerotismo y, por último, una etapa que se centra en lo corporal, para expresar no sólo con honestidad y libertad, sino con irreverencia,...

  11. Palladium polypyridyl complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction and biological activity on Leishmania (L.) mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Navarro, Maribel [Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas (Venezuela). Centro de Quimica; Betancourt, Adelmo [Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia (Venezuela). Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Dept. de Quimica; Hernandez, Clara [Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua, Maracay (Venezuela). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Dept. de Ciencias Basicas; Marchan, Edgar [Universidad de Oriente, Cumana (Venezuela). Inst. de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas. Nucleo de Sucre

    2008-07-01

    This paper describes the search for new potential chemotherapeutic agents based on transition metal complexes with planar ligands. In this study, palladium polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, UV-VIS and IR spectroscopies. The interaction of the complexes with DNA was also investigated by spectroscopic methods. All metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands of the palladium polypyridyl complexes exhibited hypochromism and red shift in the presence of DNA. The binding constant and viscosity data suggested that the complexes [PdCl{sub 2}(phen)] and [PdCl{sub 2}(phendiamine)] interact with DNA by electrostatic forces. Additionally, these complexes induced an important leishmanistatic effect on L. (L.) mexicana promastigotes at the final concentration of 10 {mu}mol L{sup -1} in 48 h. (author)

  12. Phylogenetic position of Mexican jackrabbits within the genus Lepus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: a molecular perspective Posición filogenética de las liebres mexicanas dentro del género Lepus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: una perspectiva molecular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Although phylogenetic affinities of Mexican jackrabbits within the genus Lepus have been evaluated for a few species, no study has included all 5 species occurring in Mexico. In this study we assess the phylogenetic position of the Mexican species relative to other forms within the genus and evaluate evolutionary affinities among the Mexican forms. To do so, we analyzed 57 complete cytochrome b sequences belonging to the 5 Mexican jackrabbits and 18 species of Lepus distributed across Asia, Africa, Europe and America. We performed phylogenetic tree reconstruction with the neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood approaches. We also used a minimum spanning network to evaluate relationships among Mexican species. We found 5 main phylogenetic groups within Lepus, 4 of which corresponded to geographically well defined lineages. One group included L. americanus, 3 others corresponded to Mexican, African and European species, respectively. A fifth group included Asiatic, European and American forms. Our results suggest that Mexican species constitute a monophyletic entity that evolved independently of the other American species of Lepus. Within the Mexican forms, 2 main clades are apparent; 1 that includes L. alleni, L. callotis, and L. flavigularis, previously referred to as the white-sided jackrabbits, and a second one that groups together L. californicus and L. insularis, although L. californicus is a paraphyletic relative of L. insularis.Aunque la afinidad filogenética de las liebres mexicanas, dentro del género Lepus, ha sido evaluada para algunas especies, ningún estudio ha incluido las 5 especies que se presentan en México. En este trabajo estimamos la posición filogenética de las especies mexicanas de liebres en relación con otras formas dentro del género, y evaluamos las afinidades evolutivas entre ellas. Para ello analizamos 57 secuencias completas del citocromo b pertenecientes a las 5 especies mexicanas y 18

  13. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle found in northeast Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guerra-Boone, Laura; Alvarez-Román, Rocío; Salazar-Aranda, Ricardo; Torres-Cirio, Anabel; Rivas-Galindo, Verónica Mayela; Waksman de Torres, Noemí; González González, Gloria María; Pérez-López, Luis Alejandro

    2013-01-01

    The essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora and Chrysactinia mexicana leaves, and from Schinus molle leaves and fruit, were characterized by gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds from M. grandiflora leaves were identified (representing 93.6% of the total area of the gas chromatogram), with the major component being bornyl acetate (20.9%). Colorless and yellow oils were obtained from the C. mexicana leaves with 18 (86.7%) and 11 (100%) compounds identified, respectively. In both fractions, the principal component was sylvestrene (36.8% and 41.1%, respectively). The essential oils ofS. molle leaves and fruit were each separated into colorless and yellow fractions, in which 14 (98.2) and 20 (99.8%) compounds were identified. The main component was alpha-phellandrene in all fractions (between 32.8% and 45.0%). The M. grandiflora oil displayed antifungal activity against five dermatophyte strains. The oils from S. molle and M. grandiflora leaves had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which cause skin infections that potentially may lead to sepsis. However, the antioxidant activities of all oils were small (half maximal effective concentration values >250 microg/mL).

  14. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: heterogeneity in 5-nucleotidase and peroxidase activities of mononuclear phagocytes during in vivo and in vitro infection Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: heterogeneidade da 5’-Nucleotidase e da peroxidase em fagócitos mononucleares durante infecção in vivo e in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suzana Côrte-Real

    1988-03-01

    Full Text Available The degree of maturation of cells of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS, during in vivo and in vitro infection by Leishmania mexicana amazonenesis, was evaluated in this study. The macrophages' differentiation was assayed by cytochemical characterization at the ultrastrctural level, using two well-established markers: 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity, for revealing the mature cells, and the peroxidase activity present in the cell granules to demonstrate immature mononuclear phagocytes. only a few mcrophages, demonstrating 5'-nucleotidase positive reaction in both the plasma membrane and within their cytoplasmic vesicles, were found scattered in the chronic inflammation at the L. m. amazonensis lesions in albino mice. However, by the peroxidase activity analysis, we were also able to demonstrate the presence of immature MPS cells, which predominate, together with parasitized vacuolated macrophages, in chronic lesions induced in this systemby L. m. amazonensis. The implications of these results on the pathogenesis of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis are discussed.Um estudo sobre o grau de maturação das células do Sistema Fagocítico Mononuclear foi realizado durante a infecção in vivo e in vitro com a Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. A caracterização da diferenciação das células fagocíticas foi obtida com a localização ultraestrutural de dois marcadores enzimáticos bam conhecidos: a enzima 5'-Nucleotidase marcadora de membrana plasmática de células maduras e a enzima peroxidase, presente em grânulos, marcadora de células imaturas. A atividade da enzima 5'-Nucleotidase foi encontrada apenas em alguns macrófagos, presentes no foco inflamatório, em projeções da membrana plasmática e em algumas vesículas citoplasmáticas. Macrófagos peritoneais de camundongo apresentaram a mesma reatividade para este marcador. Contudo a análise da atividade peroxidásica demonstrou a predominância da presença de fagócitos mononucleares

  15. Características de la competencia en el mercado hortícola estadounidense: el caso de la berenjena mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Javier Maya Ambía

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El mercado hortícola de Estados Unidos es el escenario de una dinámica competencia en la que se enfrentan empresas productoras-distribuidoras de naciones con muy dispares grados de desarrollo. Este artículo se enfoca al caso de la berenjena mexicana exportada hacia dicho país, considerando que, a partir de su estudio, es posible repensar una serie de conceptos empleados en la investigación sobre el tema. En particular, se propone, siguiendo una idea expuesta por Van Sickle y otros autores, tomar el segmento del mercado como indicador de la competitividad de los oferentes. De acuerdo con este indicador, se trata de ubicar el posicionamiento actual de las hortalizas mexicanas en el mercado de los Estados Unidos, comparando la berenjena con las otras hortalizas más importantes exportadas por México. Se busca explicar esta participación a partir de una serie de elementos, como son innovaciones tecnológicas, rendimientos, costos, estrategias de comercialización y, de especial importancia, la atención a las normas para preservar la inocuidad alimentaria. El caso estudiado viene a confirmar la hipótesis de autores como Friedland y Bonanno, quienes sostienen el carácter global de la competencia en los mercados hortícolas. El artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones derivadas del estudio de caso, mismas que apuntan hacia el cuestionamiento del concepto de “división internacional del trabajo”.

  16. PAPEL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PÚBLICA MEXICANA EN EL DESARROLLO LOCAL: LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE INVESTIGACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Manuel Chauca Malásquez

    2008-12-01

    A lo largo del texto se discute cómo trasformar las actividades de docencia, investigación y vinculación de la universidad pública mexicana, para que se desarrolle su capacidad de aprender e interactuar con el entorno inmediato. Se argumenta que las actividades de investigación basadas en un conocimiento trasdisciplinar y contextualizado son la piedra angular para las trasformaciones en las otras actividades sustantivas de la universidad pública mexicana. Palabras clave: desarrollo local, desarrollo humano, trasdisciplina, conocimiento contextualizado.   ABSTRACT The article tries about the paper of the Mexican public university, in the animation and promotion of the local development. Understanding the local development how integral process based on the advantage of the resources and endogenous potentialities with the participation of diverse social actors, it is maintained that the public university is a key actor of the local development, mainly by its importance in the advance of the human capacities of the population and in the formation and qualification of the local human resources. Throughout the text it is discussed about how transforming the teaching activities, investigation and entailment of the Mexican public university, way so that its capacity is developed to learn and to interact with its immediate surroundings. It is argued that the activities of investigation based on transdisciplinar and surrounded knowledge are the angular stone for the transformations in the other core activities of the Mexican public university.

  17. A putative ATP/GTP binding protein affects Leishmania mexicana growth in insect vectors and vertebrate hosts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hlaváčová, Jana; Zimmer, Sara L.; Butenko, Anzhelika; Podešvová, Lucie; Leštinová, Tereza; Lukeš, Julius; Kostygov, Alexei; Votýpka, Jan; Volf, Petr

    2017-01-01

    Background Leishmania virulence factors responsible for the complicated epidemiology of the various leishmaniases remain mainly unidentified. This study is a characterization of a gene previously identified as upregulated in two of three overlapping datasets containing putative factors important for Leishmania’s ability to establish mammalian intracellular infection and to colonize the gut of an insect vector. Methodology/Principal findings The investigated gene encodes ATP/GTP binding motif-containing protein related to Leishmania development 1 (ALD1), a cytosolic protein that contains a cryptic ATP/GTP binding P-loop. We compared differentiation, growth rates, and infective abilities of wild-type and ALD1 null mutant cell lines of L. mexicana. Loss of ALD1 results in retarded growth kinetics but not defects in differentiation in axenic culture. Similarly, when mice and the sand fly vector were infected with the ALD1 null mutant, the primary difference in infection and colonization phenotype relative to wild type was an inability to achieve maximal host pathogenicity. While ability of the ALD1 null mutant cells to infect macrophages in vitro was not affected, replication within macrophages was clearly curtailed. Conclusions/Significance L. mexicana ALD1, encoding a protein with no assigned functional domains or motifs, was identified utilizing multiple comparative analyses with the related and often experimentally overlooked monoxenous flagellates. We found that it plays a role in Leishmania infection and colonization in vitro and in vivo. Results suggest that ALD1 functions in L. mexicana’s general metabolic network, rather than function in specific aspect of virulence as anticipated from the compared datasets. This result validates our comparative genomics approach for finding relevant factors, yet highlights the importance of quality laboratory-based analysis of genes tagged by these methods. PMID:28742133

  18. El mercado de comida étnica en España: el caso de la comida mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Dena M. Camarena; Ana I. Sanjuán

    2008-01-01

    En los últimos años, el conocimiento y consumo de las comidas y/o alimentos étnicos se ha difundido internacionalmente. En España, los alimentos étnicos comenzaron a comercializarse en la década de los años noventa, sin embargo, el mayor auge de sus ventas se ha producido a partir del año dos mil y se han constituido una de las gamas de alimentos con más potencial de expansión. La comida mexicana es una de las más demandadas, sus ventas han pasando de 7.2 m. de dólares en 1999 a 40.6 m. de dó...

  19. Prevalencia de riesgo de desnutrición evaluada con NRS-2002 en población oncológica mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Karolina Alvarez-Altamirano; Tania Delgadillo; Antonio García-García; Gabriela Alatriste-Ortiz; Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos: Los pacientes hospitalizados tienen un riesgo alto desnutrición, especialmente aquellos con cáncer. Existen herramientas que evalúan el estado nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados como el Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), el cual usamos en el presente trabajo en población mexicana con cáncer durante su hospitalización, para determinar la prevalencia de riesgo de desnutrición y los factores del NRS 2002 que más se asocian al riesgo nutricional. Métodos: Se evaluó el est...

  20. Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae): Parte II

    OpenAIRE

    Blanca Pérez-García; Aniceto Mendoza; Irma Reyes Jaramillo; Ramón Riba

    2001-01-01

    Se describe y se compara la morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas de Dryopteris. Las esporas de todas las especies estudiadas son monoletes y elipsoidales, la perina es plegada, de color pardo claro a pardo obscuro, su superficie es rugosa y de contornos tuberculados. El patrón de germinación es tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico es tipo Aspidium. Los gametangios son del tipo característicos de los helechos leptosporangiados. Se desarrollaron esporofitos en cinco de l...

  1. La reciente inserción internacional de la industria mexicana y su impacto regional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arturo Ranfla González

    1988-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo apunta a la transnacionalización de la economía mundial como fuente de procesos nuevos que alteran las formas convencionales de operación de las economías nacionales. Los puntos de vista aquí sostenidos destacan que el país pasa por un proceso de "fronterización", es decir, un cambio en el eje de gravitación de la industria mexicana a partir de 1982. La generalización de esta tendencia obliga a identificar el enraizamiento de estas inversiones que han mostrado un reciente y notable incremento. La generalización del proceso de producción lleva a destacar diferencias regionales, patentizando la complejidad actual que adquiere el diseño de políticas en la mayoría de los países.

  2. Transfer of phagocytosed particles to the parasitophorous vacuole of Leishmania mexicana is a transient phenomenon preceding the acquisition of annexin I by the phagosome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Collins, H L; Schaible, U E; Ernst, J D; Russell, D G

    1997-01-01

    The eukaryotic intracellular pathogen Leishmania mexicana resides inside macrophages contained within a membrane bound parasitophorous vacuole which, as it matures, acquires the characteristics of a late endosomal compartment. This study reports the selectivity of fusion of this compartment with other particle containing vacuoles. Phagosomes containing zymosan or live Listeria monocytogenes rapidly fused with L. mexicana parasitophorous vacuoles, while those containing latex beads or heat killed L. monocytogenes failed to do so. Fusigenicity of phagosomes was not primarily dependent on the receptor utilized for ingestion, as opsonization with defined ligands could not overcome the exclusion of either latex beads or heat killed organisms. However modulation of intracellular pH by pharmacological agents such as chloroquine and ammonium chloride increased delivery of live Listeria and also induced transfer of previously excluded particles. The absence of fusion correlated with the acquisition of annexin I, a putative lysosomal targeting, molecule, on the phagosome membrane. We propose that the acquisition of cellular membrane constituents such as annexin I during phagosome maturation can ultimately direct the fusion pathway of the vesicles formed and have described a model system to further document changes in vesicle fusigenicity within cells.

  3. Implications of energy reform on Mexican legislation for new and conventional energy technologies; Implicaciones de la reforma energetica sobre la legislacion mexicana con respecto a tecnologias energeticas nuevas y convencionales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bautista Rodriguez, C. Moises; Tapia Pachuca, A. Belen [Alter Energias Grupo, Puebla (Mexico). E-mail: celso.bautista@thyssenkrupp.com; Gaytan Cruz, Veronica; Rivera Marquez, J. A.; Marin Torres, J. Lucina (Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla (Mexico)

    2009-09-15

    The current economic-political conditions in the oil market are spurring on future alternative energy models worldwide, one of which is fuel batteries. This technology is foreseen to have several applications in portable and stationary services. Previous studies have reported on the slowness of Mexican legislation, compared to international legislation, on the collection and treatment of spent domestic batteries. Legislation on the issue is limited to a project for a Non-Mandatory Mexican Norm proposed since 2006, without having been implemented at the time the present document was written. In addition to the toxic environmental impact of the lack of regulation, it also represents a waste of energy, impacting the finances of users who throw away batteries with a significant residual energy charge (>60 %). This work analyzes recent Mexican energy reform to regulate the use of alternative technologies. Compared to international legislation, the basis of the Mexican legislation is unclear and incomplete, lacking technological consulting from governmental scientific institutions and clear, complete legislation adhering to international principles for the environment and society. These characteristics pose a risk to regulations and their application in Mexican society, and involve a loss in the benefits of applying clean technologies having better performance, a continued reflection of slow technological, economic, environmental and social advancement. [Spanish] En la actualidad, las condiciones economico-politicas en el mercado del petroleo estan permitiendo la busqueda de alternativas para el futuro modelo energetico mundial, una opcion es impulsar las pilas a combustible como una alternativa para el futuro energetico. Esta tecnologia preve tener multiples aplicaciones en servicios portatiles y estacionarios. En estudios previos se ha presentado el letargo de la legislacion mexicana con respecto a la legislacion internacional sobre el tema de recoleccion y tratamiento

  4. Regulatory volume decrease in Leishmania mexicana: effect of anti-microtubule drugs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francehuli Dagger

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available The trypanosomatid cytoskeleton is responsible for the parasite's shape and it is modulated throughout the different stages of the parasite's life cycle. When parasites are exposed to media with reduced osmolarity, they initially swell, but subsequently undergo compensatory shrinking referred to as regulatory volume decrease (RVD. We studied the effects of anti-microtubule (Mt drugs on the proliferation of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and their capacity to undergo RVD. All of the drugs tested exerted antiproliferative effects of varying magnitudes [ansamitocin P3 (AP3> trifluoperazine > taxol > rhizoxin > chlorpromazine]. No direct relationship was found between antiproliferative drug treatment and RVD. Similarly, Mt stability was not affected by drug treatment. Ansamitocin P3, which is effective at nanomolar concentrations, blocked amastigote-promastigote differentiation and was the only drug that impeded RVD, as measured by light dispersion. AP3 induced 2 kinetoplasts (Kt 1 nucleus cells that had numerous flagella-associated Kts throughout the cell. These results suggest that the dramatic morphological changes induced by AP3 alter the spatial organisation and directionality of the Mts that are necessary for the parasite's hypotonic stress-induced shape change, as well as its recovery.

  5. Importancia agroecológica del coyul (Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blanca C. Ramírez Hernández

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart. es una especie que se extiende desde el Pacífico mexicano hasta Centro y Sudamérica. El fruto (coyul es apreciado desde la época prehispánica, sin embargo, su consumo ha disminuido frente a otros frutos nativos y así como de los introducidos con mayor aceptación en el mercado. Se realizó un estudio en San Blas, Nayarit, México, en el que se llevó a cabo la caracterización de un agroecosistema típico donde se explotan poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de coyul de forma tradicional y se resaltó la importancia económica, ecológica y cultural de la especie. Asimismo, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica del fruto; la pulpa y la semilla son fuente principalmente de grasas. De esta especie se pueden obtener subproductos tales como aceites comestibles, alimento para ganado, artesanías, entre otros; igualmente se exponen alternativas de uso llevadas a cabo por otras regiones y países que puedan conducir a conservar espacios ecológicos y culturales.

  6. Entre la pesca y el turismo: cambios económicos y demográficos recientes en la costa mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Pérez-Campuzano

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Las costas mexicanas pasan por un proceso de transformación importante. Las actividades de pesca poco a poco han perdido importancia, mientras que la extracción petrolera y el turismo la han ganado. A los cambios económicos se le suman transformaciones en la distribución de la población y sus niveles de bienestar/marginación. En este artículo, se hace una descripción de estos cambios, poniendo énfasis en la necesidad de una mayor cantidad de estudios en esta dirección.

  7. COMO LOS LABIOS DE UNA MISMA BOCA. CUATRO ACERCAMIENTOS A LA POESÍA MEXICANA DE TEMAS HOMOSEXUAL Y GAY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Eduardo García Castillo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo propone que la poesía mexicana de temas gay y homosexual puede dividirse cronológicamente en cuatro etapas sucesivas: una descrip - tiva, cuya dominante es referencial; una sublimada, en la que predomina la intención paradójica de ocultar y declararse al mismo tiempo; una que subraya la semejanza corporal como característica preponderante del homoerotismo y, por último, una etapa que se centra en lo corporal, para expresar no sólo con honestidad y libertad, sino con irreverencia, la celebración del amor entre hombres.

  8. Diferencias de género en la aprobación de créditos comerciales a la PYME mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Gómez Martínez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las diferencias de género al valorar factores no financieros y financieros por los ejecutivos de crédito de instituciones financieras a la hora de autorizar un préstamo a la PYME mexicana. Mediante un análisis empírico se ha estudiado a los ejecutivos de crédito de 25 intermediarios financieros. Los resultados se ̃ nalan que son las mujeres las que valoran como más importantes los factores no financieros de los prestatarios, frente a sus compa ̃ neros.

  9. Modern concepts of thermodynamic optimization in Mexican thermoelectric stations; Conceptos modernos de optimacion termodinamica en centrales termoelectricas mexicanas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cervantes-de Gortari, J; Vidal-Santo, A.; Mendez-Lavielle, F.; Bautista-Godinez, O. [Departamento de Termoenergia, from Facultad de Ingenieria UNAM (Mexico)

    2002-03-01

    In this paper, a summary review of the current thermodynamic concepts related to the maximum power generation and minimum entropy production are presented. The results of the analysis are considered in Mexican power stations using conventional cycles and are compared with other power stations around the world. [Spanish] En este trabajo se revisa el analisis de maxima generacion de potencia que implica la minimizacion de la produccion de entropia en centrales generadoras de potencia. De acuerdo con los lineamientos mas recientes publicados en la literatura. Los conceptos y resultados del analisis se aplican a varias centrales mexicanas y se comparan con otras centrales en el mundo.

  10. 76 FR 77254 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-12

    ...) II Dihydroetorphine (9334) II Opium, raw (9600) II Opium extracts (9610) II Opium fluid extract (9620) II Opium tincture (9630) II Powdered opium (9639) II Opium, granulated (9640) II Levo-alphacetylmethadol (9648) II Opium poppy/Poppy Straw (9650) II Oxymorphone (9652) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670...

  11. 76 FR 17967 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-31

    ... basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Raw Opium (9600) II Concentrate of Poppy Straw... substances that are manufactured from raw opium, poppy straw, and concentrate of poppy straw. No comments or... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Cody Laboratories, Inc...

  12. Purification, structural characterization and anticoagulant properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Holothuria mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mou, Jiaojiao; Wang, Cong; Li, Wenjing; Yang, Jie

    2017-05-01

    A novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (HmG) was isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria mexicana, the structure of which was characterized by monosaccharide composition, disaccharide composition, IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectrum, additionally with two dimensional NMR spectrum of degraded HmG (DHmG). The backbone of HmG was identified as chondroitin 6-O sulfate, while the major O-4 sulfated fucose branches linked to O-3 position of glucuronic acid in almost every disaccharide unit. The anticoagulant activities of HmG and DHmG were assessed and compared with heparin and low molecular weight heparin. The results indicated that HmG and DHmG both could significantly prolong the activated partial thrombo-plastin time, and the properties were well related to its molecular weight. DHmG showed similar anticoagulant properties to low molecular weight heparin with less bleeding risks, making it a safer anticoagulant drug. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Los retos de la economía mexicana más allá de la apertura comercial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ciro MURAYAMA RENDÓN

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta la evolución reciente de la economía mexicana en el marco del proceso de integración en que está inserta. Especialmente analiza las consecuencias de la crisis de 1995 para las relaciones externas de México y para la evolución del Trabajo de Libre Comercio que lo vincula con Canadá y Estados Unidos. Finalmente se refiere a las repercusiones de este proceso en el empleo.ABSTRACT: This article presents recent evolution of Mexican economy on the frame of its integration process. I focuses on consequences of 1995 crisis for Mexican international relations and for evolution of the TLC. Finally, it refers to its echoes on the employment.

  14. Inserción mexicana en Asia Pacífico: una mirada desde la diplomacia económica (2000-2012)

    OpenAIRE

    Ríos Ballesteros, Kamila Andrea

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar el cambio de la política económica y comercial mexicana en Asia Pacífico, mediante la implementación de la diplomacia económica de 2000 a 2012. Para ello, se identificaron dos factores claves. El primero, se deriva del traspaso de poder de un partido a otro; el segundo está dado por el ascenso de las economías de Asia Pacífico y su desempeño en la arquitectura económica y financiera global. Asimismo, se determinó cómo ha sido el proceso...

  15. Desigualdad numérica entre hombres y mujeres en los consejos de administración en grandes empresas mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Javier Cruz

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar la desigualdad numérica existente en los consejos de administración de grandes empresas mexicanas que favorece al género masculino. El ascenso laboral femenino es focalizado como instrumento para alcanzar un puesto en dichos consejos. Se lleva a cabo un conteo del número de mujeres miembros de consejos de administración dividido por tipo de consejeros. Los resultados indican que las mujeres ocupan entre 3.8 y 8% de los lugares existentes en consejos de administración, cifras que están muy por debajo de la evidencia internacional.

  16. Modern concepts of thermodynamic optimization in Mexican thermoelectric power stations; Conceptos modernos de optimacion termodinamica en centrales termoelectricas mexicanas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cervantes de Gortari, J.; Vidal Santo, A.; Mendez Lavielle, F.; Bautista Godinez, O. [Facultad de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2002-03-01

    In this paper, a summary review of the current thermodynamic concepts to the maximum power generation and minimum entropy production are presented. The results of the analysis are considered in Mexican power stations using conventional cycles and are compared with other power stations around the world. [Spanish] En este trabajo se revisa el analisis de maxima generacion de potencia que implica la minimizacion de la produccion de entropia en centrales generadoras de potencia, de acuerdo con los lineamientos mas recientes publicados en la literatura. Los conceptos y resultados del analisis se aplican a varias centrales mexicanas y se comparan con otras centrales en el mundo.

  17. 9. international congress of the Mexican Hydrogen Society (MHS); 9. congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Mexicana del Hidrogeno (SMH)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2009-09-15

    The Mexican Hydrogen Society (MHS) and Cinvestav, Saltillo Unit, organized the IX International Congress of the MHS, held in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico from September 21 to 25, 2009. Important topics were discussed related to hydrogen technologies, the environment and global climate change during the congress [Spanish] La Sociedad Mexicana del Hidrogeno (SMH) y el Cinvestav, Unidad Saltillo, organizaron el IX Congreso Internacional de la SMH, que se llevo a cabo en la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila del 21 al 25 de septiembre de 2009. Durante el desarrollo del Congreso se cubrieron importantes topicos relacionados con las tecnologias del hidrogeno, el medio ambiente y el cambio climatico global.

  18. Determination of thebaine in water samples, biological fluids, poppy capsule, and narcotic drugs, using electromembrane extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seidi, Shahram; Yamini, Yadollah; Heydari, Akbar; Moradi, Morteza; Esrafili, Ali; Rezazadeh, Maryam

    2011-09-09

    Opium determination is of great importance from toxicological and pharmaceutical standpoints. In present work, electromembrane extraction (EME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for determination of thebaine as a natural alkaloid, in different matrices containing water, urine, poppy capsule, street heroine, and codeine tablet. Thebaine migrated from 3 mL of sample solutions, through a thin layer of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) immobilized in the pores of a porous hollow fiber, and into a 15 μL acidic aqueous acceptor solution present inside the lumen of the fiber. The variables of interest, such as chemical composition of the organic liquid membrane, stirring speed, extraction time and voltage, pH of donor and acceptor phases and salt effect in the EME process were optimized. Under optimal conditions, thebaine was effectively extracted from different matrices with recoveries in the range of 45-55%, which corresponded to preconcentration factors in the range of 90-110. Good linearity was achieved for calibration curves with a coefficient of estimation higher than 0.997. Detection limits and intra-day precision (n=3) were less than 15 μg L(-1) and 8.9%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Productividad total de factores y reducción de costos en la industria manufacturera mexicana, 1994–-1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Armando Nevárez Sida

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza la productividad total de factores en la industria manufacturera mexicana en el periodo de 1994 a 1999. El cambio experimentado por esta variable es interpretado como reducción o incremento real de costos de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta por Harberger (1998. Se logró la identificación de aquellos subsectores y clases industriales que redujeron o aumentaron costos, así como la magnitud de estos cambios en términos monetarios. Las clases industriales que presentan una reducción de costos significativa al interior de un subsector son generalmente pocas, mientras que el resto presenta pequeñas reducciones de costos o incrementos.

  20. Por qué emigran a Estados Unidos los miembros de la clase obrera mexicana: Recuentos y nuevas evidencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ELEOCADIO MARTÍNEZ SILVA

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se presentan nuevos hallazgos de la emigración internacional de la clase obrera mexicana y de la conf iguración de nuevas conexiones intermetropolitanas. e l estudio hace referencia a las causas y mecanismos de la migración y las formas de inserción económica de los trabajadores mexicanos en e stados u nidos. l a investigación se desarrolló a través de la experiencia de migración internacional de los trabajadores despedidos de un enclave siderúrgico localizado en m onclova, c oahuila, proceso que dio lugar a la conexión m onclova-Dallas y austin, t exas.

  1. DESEMPEÑO DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES MEXICANAS CERTIFICADAS EN LA NORMA ISO 9001:2000

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VÍCTOR MANUEL NAVA CARBALLIDO

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación describe la situación de la certificación en México en la norma ISO 9001:2000. Luego de una revisión del estado del arte, se valida un modelo que relaciona cuatro variables independientes: Evaluación de la estrategia, Motivación, Proceso de implantación y control estratégico y su impacto en la variable dependiente desempeño de la organización. La investigación fue aplicada en 96 organizaciones mexicanas. Como resultado de lo anterior, se demuestra que el desempeño de una organización sí mejora cuando se implanta un programa ISO 9001:2000, siempre y cuando exista una motivación activa. El desempeño organizacional fue medido como una mejora de la calidad (0,81, una disminución de costo (0,83, un aumento de ventas (0,88 y una mejora en la satisfacción del cliente (0,82. Con base en la evidencia empírica hallada se propone un modelo.

  2. La paradoja mexicana de la delincuencia organizada: Policías, violencia y corrupción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgardo Buscaglia

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Este texto describe las condiciones contextuales y dimensiones organizativas mediante las cuales las estructuras criminales mexicanas han evolucionado para constituirse en complejas federaciones de base nacional y amplia presencia territorial. También explica cómo se ha producido la expansión de la delincuencia organizada desde México hacia más de 40 países en los cinco continentes.Un aspecto que expone el texto y es de profunda preocupación, es el hecho de que en México solo se ha implementado el 46% de las medidas contenidas en la Convención de Palermo, y el 23% de las referidas a la Convención de Mérida. Por ello, se destaca el grado de ausencia en las políticas públicas mexicanas de los cuatro tipos de medidas operativas recogidas en ambos instrumentos jurídicos y que conciernen a: La coordinación interinstitucional, el combate y prevención de la corrupción, la cooperación legal internacional y la prevención social del delito, recursos y mecanismos que han sido exitosos en otros países como Colombia e Italia, donde se han implementado en más de un 97%. Se presenta la tesis de la paradoja de la sanción penal: a mayor despliegue de fuerza pública y represión estatal, los grupos criminales han respondido con mayor corrupción y violencia. La fuerza que estos últimos han tenido ha sido posible debido a sus patrimonios intactos y escondidos en la economía legal. México ha sido el destinatario de nuevas inversiones criminales debido a sus condiciones de paraíso patrimonial, situación que ha coincidido con el fenómeno de la proliferación de agencias de protección de índole privada (paramilitarismo, recurso al que, ante la indefensión social, las y los ciudadanos han recurrido en forma creciente para suplir la ausencia estatal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i2.1365

  3. 76 FR 77253 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-12

    ... Schedule Coca Leaves (9040) II Thebaine (9333) II Opium, raw (9600) II Noroxymorphone (9668) II Poppy Straw...-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. Comments and... substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act (21...

  4. 77 FR 70824 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application; Johnson Matthey, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-11-27

    ... Coca Leaves (9040) II Thebaine (9333) II Opium, raw (9600) II Noroxymorphone (9668) II Poppy Straw...-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. Comments and... substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act (21...

  5. La imagen de la mujer caída en algunas obras de la literatura mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Elena Munguía Zatarain

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available En este ensayo se hace una revisión de las formas en las que se fue conformando en la literatura mexicana del siglo xix la imagen de la mujer caída, con claras reminiscencias religiosas. Textos de Payno, Vicente Riva Palacio, Rafael Delgado, Tablada, entre otros, integran el corpus del que se parte para este trabajo. Se analiza cómo se filtran en las obras preocupaciones de índole social y cómo, con frecuencia, se daba una deriva hacia perspectivas morales y condenatorias de la mujer prostituida. Se busca, en todo momento, reconstruir el diálogo polémico que sostuvo el arte verbal con la profusión discursiva de índole científica y moral de la época y se rastrean las reminiscencias de esta imagen en algunas obras del siglo xx.

  6. La historia como ficción, una panorámica de la temática de la Revolución Mexicana en la obra de Ignacio Solares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ávila Cuc

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Ignacio Solares, uno de los escritores vivos más importantes de México, aborda en su obra narrativa y dramática -entre otros tópicos-, el tema de la Revolución Mexicana y de personajes ligados a este hecho histórico. Esto sucede específicamente en sus novelas: Madero, el otro; La noche de Ángeles y Columbus; en las obras de teatro: El jefe máximo, El gran elector y Los mochos; y en el libro de cuentos Ficciones de la Revolución Mexicana en donde se recrean momentos claves de esta parte de la historia de México. El siguiente artículo analiza la intertextualidad temática de estas obras y la relación que guardan con la historia de la Revolución, así como su clasificación en lo que se conoce teóricamente como "novela" o "teatro histórico" y/o "texto de motivo histórico" a partir de la forma en que maneja el tema y la conflictividad de los personajes en las situaciones en que se ven inmersos.

  7. Segregación y control, secularización y fiesta. Las formas del tiempo libre en una ciudad mexicana del siglo XIX

    OpenAIRE

    Ribera Carbó, Eulalia

    2007-01-01

    Durante el tercer cuarto del siglo XIX, la ciudad mexicana de Orizaba empezó a vivir algunos de los cambios que modificarían su semblante colonial con los ropajes de la modernidad. Algunos de esos cambios se produjeron en la manera en que se ocupaba el tiempo libre, en las formas públicas y privadas de celebrar y distraerse. Clubes exclusivos, un magnífico teatro, nuevos reglamentos con los que las autoridades urbanas pretendían organizar y controlar la actividad de los demás, y una sensible ...

  8. Los invisibles deben ser escuchados: La construcción de la representación política de la comunidad sorda mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rose Mery Gómez Tovar

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available La realización del presente proyecto tiene la finalidad de dar a conocer y describir los elementos característicos de los "Movimientos sociales y comunidad sorda mexicana: Los invisibles pueden ser visibles". Permite ahondar en el tema sobre la comunidad sorda que lleva a la reflexión de la acción social, aporta un criterio sobre las formas de gobierno en el país en cuestión y sobre las sociedades que lo transforman, ya sea de manera positiva o negativa.

  9. La socialización de las élites políticas mexicanas a través de la corrupción

    OpenAIRE

    Nieto, Nubia

    2011-01-01

    El presente artículo se concentra en el estudio de la corrupción como uno de los elementos que influye y facilita la socialización de las élites políticas mexicanas en el marco de relaciones políticas fundadas en compadrazgo, amiguismo, padrinazgo, familiarismo y clientelismo. Asimismo, se analiza el fenómeno de la corrupción como un factor que interviene en el proceso de reclutamiento político, movilidad de las élites y proporciona un referente en el ejercicio del poder político en México. ...

  10. Cytotoxic Effects of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Extracts

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    Shaikh J. Uddin

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the cytotoxic effect of some Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts, 16 Bangladeshi medicinal plants were successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against healthy mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3 and three human cancer-cell lines (gastric: AGS; colon: HT-29; and breast: MDA-MB-435S using the MTT assay. Two methanolic extracts (Hygrophila auriculata and Hibiscus tiliaceous and one aqueous extract (Limnophila indica showed no toxicity against healthy mouse fibroblasts, but selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 1.1–1.6 mg mL−1. Seven methanolic extracts from L. indica, Clerodendron inerme, Cynometra ramiflora, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Argemone mexicana, Ammannia baccifera and Acrostichum aureum and four aqueous extracts from Hygrophila auriculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, X. moluccensis and Aegiceras corniculatum showed low toxicity (IC50 > 2.5 mg mL−1 against mouse fibroblasts but selective cytotoxicity (IC50 0.2–2.3 mg mL−1 against different cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract of Blumea lacera showed the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 0.01–0.08 mg mL−1 against all tested cell lines among all extracts tested in this study. For some of the plants their traditional use as anticancer treatments correlates with the cytotoxic results, whereas for others so far unknown cytotoxic activities were identified.

  11. O Plano Real à luz da experiência mexicana e argentina

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    Paulo Nogueira Batista Jr.

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho discute os primeiros dois anos do Plano Real e em especial os seus efeitos sobre as relações externas do Brasil, à luz da experiência de programas de estabilização adotados no México, em 1988-1994, e na Argentina, desde 1991. Embora cada experiência nacional apresente as suas peculiaridades, argumenta-se que a economia brasileira vem revivendo a experiência mexicana e argentina em alguns pontos importantes, combinando sucesso no combate à inflação com acentuada e persistente apreciação cambial, elevados déficits no balanço de pagamentos em conta corrente e dependência de fluxos voláteis de capital internacional.This paper discusses the first two years of Brazil's current stabilization programme - known as the Real Plan - and in particular its effects on the country's external economic relations, in the ligth of similar stabilization programmes adopted in Mexico from 1988 to 1994 and in Argentina since 1991. Although each national experience has its peculiarities, it is shown that the Brazilian economy has been reliving the Mexican and Argentinian experience in some important respects, combining success in terms of inflation reduction, with strong and persistent exchange rate appreciation, high deficits in the balance of payments on current account and dependence on volatile international capital flows.

  12. Desempeño De Las Organizaciones Mexicanas Certificadas En La Norma ISO 9001:2000

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    Víctor Manuel Nava Carballido

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación describe la situación de la certificación en México en la norma ISO 9001:2000. Luego de una revisión del estado del arte, se valida un modelo que relaciona cuatro variables independientes: Evaluación de la estrategia, Motivación, Proceso de implantación y control estratégico y su impacto en la variable dependiente desempeño de la organización. La investigación fue aplicada en 96 organizaciones mexicanas. Como resultado de lo anterior, se demuestra que el desempeño de una organización sí mejora cuando se implanta un programa ISO 9001:2000, siempre y cuando exista una motivación activa. El desempeño organizacional fue medido como una mejora de la calidad (0,81, una disminución de costo (0,83, un aumento de ventas (0,88 y una mejora en la satisfacción del cliente (0,82. Con base en la evidencia empírica hallada se propone un modelo.

  13. Economía y mercado en la minería tradicional mexicana, 1873-1929

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    Uribe Salas, José Alfredo

    2001-08-01

    Full Text Available This article studies the behaviour of the Mexican traditional mining industry, with deep historical roots, in a world scenery determined by the two great depressions of 1873-1874 and 1929-1932. The modernization of the productive system is analyzed, together with the enterprise strategies to get round the pitfalls imposed by the international market of metals (cost/benefit and the low propensity of the great silver and gold producting firms to widen the internal market.

    En este artículo de estudia el comportamiento de la industria minera tradicional mexicana, de hondas raíces históricas, en un escenario internacional marcado por dos grandes depresiones: la de 1873-1874 y la de 1929-1932. Se destaca la modernización del aparato productivo, y se analizan las estrategias empresariales para sortear los escollos impuestos por el mercado internacional de metales (costos/beneficios y la baja propensión de las grandes empresas productoras de plata y oro a la ampliación del mercado interno.

  14. Determinantes de la presión fiscal en las empresas mexicanas durante 1992 - 2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena Fernández-Rodríguez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza los factores determinantes del Tipo Impositivo Efectivo (TIE soportado por las compañías cotizadas mexicanas por razón del impuesto sobre bene¿cios. Para ello, se utiliza un panel de datos extraídos de la base de datos Compustat correspondiente a 79 empresas durante el período 1992- 2009 y se aplica el estimador del método generalizado de los momentos en primeras diferencias (GMM diseñado por Arellano y Bond (1991. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el TIE soportado por estas compañías es mani¿estamente inferior al tipo estatutario y que la presión ¿scal de un ejercicio está condicionada por la soportada previamente. Además se constata una relación no lineal entre tamaño y TIE, soportando menor presión ¿scal las empresas más grandes. Asimismo, presentan menores TIEs cuando el coste de la deuda y las amortizaciones son más elevados.

  15. La Cultura, Retos y Responsabilidad de las Pymes Mexicanas Respecto de las Relaciones Comerciales con Empresas Estadounidenses Frente a la Globalización

    OpenAIRE

    osé Luis Chávez Chávez; Hilda Rodales Trujillo

    2011-01-01

    El entorno actual de los negocios internacionales caracterizado principalmente por el fenómeno de la globalización, el cual ha traído consigo muchos cambios en todos los campos del quehacer humano, una gran interdependencia de los mercados y las naciones, revoluciones tecnológicas y de información, creando así un entorno muy competitivo e incierto para las PYMES mexicanas en el ámbito de los negocios con los Estados Unidos por lo que se deben identificar los retos y oportunidades para éstas e...

  16. Trotsky e o período tardio da revolução mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Everaldo Oliveira Andrade

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available

    Embora o centenário da revolução mexicana seja comemorado neste ano, muitos historiadores estendem seu desfecho até o ano de 1940, chamado de período tardio ou final do longo processo revolucionário. Foi neste período final que viveu seu último exílio no México o revolucionário russo Leon Trotsky. Sua presença no país permitiu um ponto de intersecção de duas tradições revolucionárias que marcaram o início do século XX na América Latina e que se refletiu em sua elaboração e ação política. O México vivia nesse período sobre o governo do revolucionário nacionalista Lázaro Cárdenas. Este artigo pretende examinar este diálogo protagonizado por Trotsky frente à experiência do México revolucionário, pontuando algumas de suas contribuições teóricas.

  17. How José Limón's Cultural Identity Influenced Three of His Choreographic Works: Danzas Mexicanas (1939), La Malinche (1949), and Missa Brevis (1958)

    OpenAIRE

    Lanuza, Celeste

    2015-01-01

    This research focuses on the life and work of José Limón, (1908-1972), one of the most influential figures in twentieth-century modern concert dance. The way in which his Mexican and immigrant heritage influenced his unique contribution to American modern dance will be discussed in relation to three of his works: Danzas Mexicanas (1939), La Malinche (1949), and Missa Brevis (1958). As a dancer of Mexican heritage, I seek to better understand my artistic path and potential through this study o...

  18. Escala mexicana de calidad en el servicio en restaurantes (emcaser

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Vera

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se describe el desarrollo de una escala para medir la calidad en el servicio en restaurantes en México. El objetivo es ofrecer una escala redactada en español para medir calidad en el servicio en restaurantes de servicio a mesa, que se ha denominado Escala mexicana de calidad en el servicio en restaurantes (emcaser. Se realiza una revisión del concepto de calidad en el servicio, su medición en general y su medición específicamente en restaurantes, explicando cómo se realizó la detección inicial de atributos y dimensiones mediante un estudio exploratorio. Posteriormente, se exponen los resultados de diversas pruebas empíricas a través de las cuales se fue corrigiendo la escala y con las que se fueron mejorando indicadores de confianza y validez. Finalmente, se comparten los reactivos de esta escala ofreciéndolos abiertamente para su uso en estudios posteriores. En este trabajo, además, se examina el efecto de las dimensiones resultantes del instrumento sobre la opinión general, satisfacción e intención de recomendar. Una aportación importante de esta escala radica en que se basa en una detección amplia de atributos particularmente detectados en este sector, en lugar de partir de las dimensiones genéricas del instrumento de medición de calidad en el servicio más citado en la literatura: servqual.

  19. Una caracterización de la democracia mexicana y sus actores políticos: la elección para gobernador del Estado de México, 2005

    OpenAIRE

    Héctor Zamitiz; Irma Peña León

    2006-01-01

    En este artículo, los autores analizan uno de los procesos electorales más importantes del país antes del presidencial del 2006: el del Estado de México. Los autores consideran estas elecciones como un reflejo de la democracia mexicana así como de sus limitaciones: campañas sumamente costosas donde el financiamiento privado rebasa considerablemente al público; instituciones electorales débiles incapaces de guiar confiablemente el proceso electivo; desacredi...

  20. Tendencias y retos recientes en tres metrópolis mexicanas: ciudad de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey Tendências e desafios recentes em três metrópoles mexicanas: Cidade do México, Guadalajara e Monterrey Recent trends and challenges in three large Mexican cities: Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Ramírez Sáiz

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo analizamos varios rasgos o facetas en tres ciudades metropolitanas mexicanas contemporáneas: la multiculturalidad, la inequidad, la fragmentación social y urbana, la inseguridad pública y los proyectos enfrentados de ciudad. El artículo constituye un balance sobre la situación prevaleciente elaborado a partir de proyectos de investigación de los autores y de la revisión de la literatura reciente sobre el tema. Es por tanto un trabajo de carácter fundamentalmente teórico.Neste trabalho analizamos vários rasgos ou facetas em três cidades metropolitanas mexicanas contemporâneas: a multiculturalidade, a desigualdade, a fragmentação social e urbana, a insegurança pública e os projetos de cidade enfrentados. O artigo faz um balanço sobre a situação prevalecente e foi elaborado a partir de projetos de pesquisa dos autores e da revisão da literatura recente sobre o tema. É, portanto, um trabalho de caráter fundamentalmente teórico.In this paper we analyze a series of factors or aspects in three large contemporary Mexican cities: multi-culturality, inequality, social and urban fragmentation, public insecurity and conflicting conceptions of what the city should be. The article offers an overview of the current situation, on the basis of the authors' own research projects and a review of recent literature on the topic. It is therefore primarily a theoretical paper.

  1. El negocio de la producción de semillas mejoradas y su rol en el proceso de privatización de la agricultura mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Gilberto Aboites; Francisco Martínez; Gabriel Torres

    1999-01-01

    Este artículo rastrea los orígenes de la producción industrial de semillas mejoradas y enfatiza su rol en la privatización de la agricultura mexicana. El argumento establece que la modernización de la agricultura no se puede concebir como una acción homogénea y siempre progresista, como si se hubiera podido decretar de un solo golpe y para siempre, sino que ha sufrido diversos cambios, adecuaciones y retrocesos. En las conclusiones se resalta el alto grado de ...

  2. Los espacios de la cocina mexicana al albor del siglo XX: La creación alquímica de olores, sabores y texturas

    OpenAIRE

    Arana López, Gladys Noemí

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este documento fue la comprensión integral de la cocina como el espacio de la vivienda en donde se amalgaman múltiples prácticas culturales, en donde lo intangible se vuelve materia y en donde lo material se vuelve incorpóreo. El universo de estudio se conformó por aquellas cocinas localizadas en las casas de la élite mexicana entre los años 1886-1916, y se analizó con el cuerpo herramental empleado para el estudio de la vida cotidiana en conjunción con los utilizados...

  3. Morphine and Codeine in Biological Fluids: Approaches to Source Differentiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    ElSohly, M A; Jones, A B

    1989-06-01

    Heroin, morphine, and codeine are among the most abused opiate analgesics today. Analysis of individuals' urines for morphine and codeine is sued as an indication of prior ingestion of these dugs. Poppy seeds and products containing poppy seeds are found to have small amounts of morphine and codeine (usually less than 200 µg morphine/g seeds and much less codeine), which is enough to produce a positive urine test for opiates. This manuscript reviews current data on the analysis of various poppy seed products and urine specimens from individuals ingesting these products. A brief review of the metabolism and elimination of these drugs is presented, with general guidelines for differentiation of poppy seed use versus condone, morphine, or heroin abuse. Copyright © 1989 Central Police University.

  4. Forty-two years of Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica: Some history and musings on the future

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allen, C.; Torres-Peimbert, S.

    2017-07-01

    After 42 years of continuously publishing the Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, we cast a short retrospective view on its history and we share our plans for the future. RMxAA was founded in 1974. Founding editors were P. Pishmish, E. Mendoza and S. Torres-Peimbert. RMxAA has published original research papers in all areas of astronomy, astrophysics and related fields. Until 1994 RMxAA also published the proceedings of astronomical conferences held in México and Latin America. Since 1995 a Series devoted exclusively to such proceedings was founded, RMxAC, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias). All papers submitted to RMxAA are sent to internationally recognized experts to be strictly refereed. RMxAA is included in Current Contents, Science Citation Index and other relevant international indexes. Both publications are fully integrated into the ADS. Their contents have always been freely available to the general public. All this ensures a wide international visibility, comparable to that of the best astronomical journals. The impact factor of RMxAA has varied over the years, mostly as a consequence of small number statistics. The average impact factor is about 2.4, far larger than that of all but a few Latin American scientific journals. The editorial independence of RMxAA, the fact that there are no page charges for authors, and that the printed version is distributed free of charge to astronomical libraries all over the world motivate us to look forward with optimism to many more years of publication. In view of recent developments in the scientific publishing field, we have applied to obtain the DOI for the published papers, and are in the process of becoming an all-electronic publication.

  5. Fisiología Mexicana en el siglo XIX: la investigación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez de Romo, Ana Cecilia

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available In the 19th century, Mexican scientific research in physiology had two well defined periods and followed the same scientific ideas that dominated the rest of the world. In the first period that takes almost the whole century, physicians did experimental research at their own expenses. In the second period at the end of the century, President Pofirio Díaz's dictadure (1880-1910, pushed research on Physiology. This research was very nationalistic. Mexican physiological research at the 19th century was influenced by Celular Theory, Darwinism and Experimental Medicine.

    La investigación científica mexicana en fisiología tuvo dos períodos bien marcados en el siglo XIX y también siguió las corrientes que la modularon en el resto del mundo. En el primer período, médicos de manera individual y costeado por ellos mismos, hicieron trabajo experimental durante la mayor parte del siglo. En un segundo período, durante la dictadura de Porfirio Díaz (1880-1910, se crearon instituciones que con apoyo del gobierno propiciaron la labor científica en fisiología. Esta investigación tuvo un marcado tinte nacionalista y estuvo influenciada por la Teoría Celular, el Darwinismo y la Medicina Experimental.

  6. Validación de un cuestionario de tareas de crianza en mujeres mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erica Robles Estrada

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento para medir la crianza que practican las madres mexicanas. Método: se realizó un estudio instrumental con análisis factorial para la validación de un instrumento. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de tareas de crianza para padres, de Rink y Knot-Dickscheit, en una muestra de 670 mujeres de la ciudad de Toluca, que tuvieran hijos de 12 años o más. Resultados: se encontraron siete factores del instrumento: comunicación entre padres e hijos, aceptación de la identidad del hijo, recursos materiales suficientes, control sobre las acciones de los hijos, cuidado de la salud física y mental, límites y expectativas y ambiente y vivienda. Tres de las diez tareas de crianza incluidas en la versión original del Cuestionario ya no aparecieron en el instrumento validado: regularidad en las actividades diarias, buena red social y relaciones mutuas adecuadas en el hogar. Conclusión: se concluye que estos aspectos aparentemente son considerados de menor importancia en el proceso de crianza por las madres en el contexto sociocultural mexicano.

  7. Gene actions for yield and its attributes and their implications in the inheritance pattern over three generations in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mishra, Brij K; Mishra, R; Jena, S N; Shukla, Sudhir

    2016-09-01

    The gene actions for yield and its attributes and their inheritance pattern based on five parameter model have been explored in four single crosses (NBIHT-5 × NBIHT-6, NBIHT-5 × NBMHT-1, NBMHT-1 × NBIHT-6 and NBMHT-2 × NBMHT-1) obtained using thebaine rich pure lines of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) for three consecutive generations. All the traits showed nonallelic mode of interaction, however, dominance effect (h) was more pronounced for all the traits except thebaine and papaverine. The dominance × dominance (l) effects were predominant over additive × additive (i) for all traits in all the four crosses except for papaverine. The seed and opium yield, and its contributing traits inherited quantitatively. The fixable gene effects (d) and (i) were lower in magnitude than nonfixable (h) and (l) gene effects. The estimates of heterosis were also higher in comparison to the respective parents which suggested preponderance of dominance gene action for controlling most of the traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was marginally higher than those of genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits. The traits thebaine, narcotine, morphine and opium yield had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. The leaf number, branches per plant and stem diameter showed positive correlation with opium and seed yields. The selection of plants having large number of leaves, branches and capsules with bigger size would be advantageous to enhance the yield potential.

  8. Consumo de bebidas para una vida saludable: recomendaciones para la población mexicana Beverage consumption for a healthy life: recommendations for the Mexican population

    OpenAIRE

    Juan A Rivera; Onofre Muñoz-Hernández; Martín Rosas-Peralta; Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas; Barry M Popkin; Walter C Willett

    2008-01-01

    El secretario de Salud convocó al Comité de Expertos para la elaboración de las "Recomendaciones sobre el consumo de bebidas para la población mexicana"; la finalidad fue desarrollar lineamientos basados en evidencia científica para los consumidores, los profesionales de la salud y el sector gubernamental. Las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes han aumentado con rapidez en México y las bebidas representan la quinta parte de la energía que consumen los mexicanos. La evidencia señal...

  9. Papers of the Fifth Annual Congress of the Sociedad Mexicana de Seguridad Radiologica, A.C., 2. Regional Congress on Radiological and Nuclear Safety. Vol. 2 (pt.2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1993-11-01

    The fulfillment of the Fifth Annual Congress of the Sociedad Mexicana de Seguridad Radiologica, A.C., this time inside the frame of the Second Regional Congress of Radiological and Nuclear Safety, is no doubt an event that approach us to make of this forum the most important for the exchange of ideas and the approaching among the members of our nuclear community. This time, the beautiful colonial city of Zacatecas, welcome us for this event, gathering fifty works in the areas of fuel cycle, power reactor operation, reactor physics, research reactors, transient analysis and instrumentation and experimental techniques. This significant number of works reaffirm the great interest of the nuclear community in to take part, presenting its most recent developments. The reporting belongs to seven of the main institutions of the country who dedicate, or are related with the technological development of the nuclear area and its different branches. With regard to participants of foreign countries, papers representing to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, United States of North America and Peru are included. The efforts of all the members of the Sociedad Mexicana de Seguridad Radiologica, A.C. has been addressed to do of the event a mean to make easy the exchange of ideas and to get acquainted with the work of other colleagues, in an ambient of warmth and surmounting. (Author)

  10. A novel Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. MYC-type ICE-like transcription factor gene ZmmICE1, enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Xiang; Yang, Lei; Yu, Mengyuan; Lai, Jianbin; Wang, Chao; McNeil, David; Zhou, Meixue; Yang, Chengwei

    2017-04-01

    The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L., a member of the teosinte group, is a close wild relative of maize and thus can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, an ICE-like gene, ZmmICE1, was isolated from a cDNA library of RNA-Seq from cold-treated seedling tissues of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. The deduced protein of ZmmICE1 contains a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and C-terminal region of ICE-like proteins. The ZmmICE1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows sumoylation when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. In addition, yeast one hybrid assays indicated that ZmmICE1 has transactivation activities. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZmmICE1 in the Arabidopsis ice1-2 mutant increased freezing tolerance. The ZmmICE1 overexpressed plants showed lower electrolyte leakage (EL), reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of downstream cold related genes of Arabidopsis C-repeat-binding factors (AtCBF1, AtCBF2 and AtCBF3), cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A and AtCOR47), kinesin-1 member gene (AtKIN1) and responsive to desiccation gene (AtRD29A) was significantly induced when compared with wild type under low temperature treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that ZmmICE1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis inducer of CBF expression genes (AtICE1/2) and plays an important role in the regulation of freezing stress response. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  11. 75 FR 69705 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-15

    ... re-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. As... classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section...

  12. Una caracterización de la democracia mexicana y sus actores políticos: la elección para gobernador del Estado de México, 2005

    OpenAIRE

    Héctor Zamitiz

    2006-01-01

    En este artículo, los autores analizan uno de los procesos electorales más importantes del país antes del presidencial del 2006: el del Estado de México. Los autores consideran estas elecciones como un reflejo de la democracia mexicana así como de sus limitaciones: campañas sumamente costosas donde el financiamiento privado rebasa considerablemente al público; instituciones electorales débiles incapaces de guiar confiablemente el proceso electivo; desacreditación de los partidos políticos ant...

  13. La educación para la sustentabilidad: análisis y perspectiva a partir de la experiencia de dos sistemas de bachillerato en comunidades rurales mexicanas

    OpenAIRE

    Isabel Ruiz Mallén; Laura Barraza; Ma. Paz Ceja Adame

    2009-01-01

    La Década por una Educación para la Sustentabilidad está en curso. Una de sus metas consiste en consolidar una currícula escolar que incorpore la perspectiva ambiental de forma transdisciplinar y contextualizada en las realidades locales. Su discurso es sustancioso pero las acciones resultantes parecen vagas, pobres y dispersas. El estudio que aquí presentamos sobre el análisis de contenido de la currícula de dos sistemas de bachillerato en comunidades rurales mexicanas es un ejemplo de ello....

  14. Effect of gamma radiation on the germination of Papaver somniferum and P. rhoeas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grover, I.S.; Dhanju, M.S.

    1979-01-01

    The germination of opium poppy (P. somniferum) was increased whereas those of red poppy (P.rhoeas) decreased considerably. The differential radiosensitivity may be the cause of different result obtained in these two species. (auth.)

  15. De héroes, naciones milenarias y guerras fratricidas. Tres mitos fundacionales en tres relatos historiográficos de la nación mexicana

    OpenAIRE

    Oscar Javier Linares Londoño

    2011-01-01

    La interpretación canónica de la independencia de México explica los hechos que van de 1810 a 1821 como la emancipación de la nación mexicana, pueblo milenario que remonta su identidad nacional a los mexicas, habitantes del Valle de México, antes de la llegada de los españoles. Por trescientos años el pueblo fue oprimido bajo el yugo español, y logra su independencia gracias al movimiento nacionalista de sus héroes. Esta interpretación construida por los relatos historiográficos del siglo...

  16. OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN PROTOCOLO DEL AISLAMIENTO DEL ADN Y DE UN SISTEMA DE AMPLIFICACIÓN ISSR-PCR PARA Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadia Guadalupe Sánchez-Coello

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La mayoría de las cícadas contienen altas concentraciones de aceites esenciales, flavonoides, polifenoles y polisacáridos que interfieren en la extracción de ADN, causando productos de amplificación errados o inhibiendo la PCR. La optimización del aislamiento del ADN y el empleo de iniciadores de secuencias intergénicas repetidas simples (ISSRs se investigaron en Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn., una cícada mexicana en peligro de extinción. El ADN obtenido de tejido foliar fresco, con un amortiguador modificado de cetil trimetil amonio, nos permitió obtener un ADN de buena calidad, sin pigmentos coloridos o contaminantes. La modificación al protocolo de extracción de ADN, basado en CTAB, fue un prelavado por 1 h, del tejido foliar, con una solución de 0.7 M de NaCl, para facilitar la lisis celular. El ADN extraído exitosamente se amplificó por PCR, usando seis iniciadores arbitrarios ISSR. Se observaron productos de amplificación reproducibles en todas las reacciones de PCR. Nuestros resultados muestran que la implementación mejora significativamente la calidad del ADN obtenido, usando una concentración baja de iniciadores (25 pM. Se detectaron 23 bandas fuertes, nueve de las cuales fueron polimórficas. Los resultados indican que el protocolo de optimización del aislamiento del ADN y en el sistema de PCR es viable para futuros trabajos en esta especie. Este trabajo es el primer protocolo de extracción de ADN y de ISSR reportado para esta especie ornamental en peligro de extinción.

  17. La educación para la sustentabilidad: análisis y perspectiva a partir de la experiencia de dos sistemas de bachillerato en comunidades rurales mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Ruiz Mallén

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La Década por una Educación para la Sustentabilidad está en curso. Una de sus metas consiste en consolidar una currícula escolar que incorpore la perspectiva ambiental de forma transdisciplinar y contextualizada en las realidades locales. Su discurso es sustancioso pero las acciones resultantes parecen vagas, pobres y dispersas. El estudio que aquí presentamos sobre el análisis de contenido de la currícula de dos sistemas de bachillerato en comunidades rurales mexicanas es un ejemplo de ello. En esta investigación analizamos: 1 en qué medida los contenidos curriculares están orientados a las políticas forestales de manejo comunitario y de qué manera se insertan con la realidad socio-ambiental de ambas comunidades; 2 cómo se da el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos ambientales en las aulas, concretamente las técnicas y las dinámicas educativas que se establecen entre estudiantes y maestros; y 3 en qué medida tiene lugar la adquisición de los conocimientos ambientales por parte de los jóvenes de nivel bachillerato. Los resultados indican que a un año del inicio de la Década los esfuerzos para un cambio de las estructuras educativas mexicanas, dirigido a fomentar la educación ambiental a nivel formal, no son suficientes.

  18. 77 FR 31389 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Penick Corporation

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-05-25

    ... Opium (9600) II Poppy Straw (9650) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the..., conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Penick Corporation to ensure that the...

  19. Organización industrial a través de redes de subcontratación. Una alternativa a las actividades mexicanas de maquila

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Mungaray Lagarda

    1993-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se discuten aspectos básicos de la organización institucional de la economía, partiendo de una visión sistémica de la empresa. Se expone el moderno sistema de organización industrial flexible y se relaciona con la implementación de redes de pequeñas empresas que manejan escalas óptimas reducidas, resaltando, además, la importancia del aprendizaje industrial. De lo anterior, se desprende el planteamiento de la formación de redes de subcontratación como una alternativa de organización para la industria maquiladora mexicana, en especial, la ubicada en el norte del país

  20. "Divina": consagración cultural y usos de lo sagrado en la actriz mexicana María Félix (1914-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Benavente Morales

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio gira en torno a la noción de consagración cultural de Pierre Bourdieu enfocado a la actriz mexicana María Félix. Por un lado, se le aborda como una diva consagrada por las clases medias en ascenso en el contexto de la "época dorada" del cine mexicano, y, por el otro, como una mujer que agencia su propia consagración mediante una performance de vedette. Al vincular la persona a dinámicas y sectores sociales concretos, se observa la existencia de múltiples y divergentes libretos sobre la historia del siglo XX mexicano, y se intenta situar en relación con ellos la performance de la actriz.

  1. 76 FR 14688 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-17

    ...-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw or coca leaves. As explained in the... controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of...

  2. Estudio ultraestructural de la fagocitosis de promastigotes y amastigotes de Leishmania mexicana por la línea de células dendríticas FSDC

    OpenAIRE

    Ladys Sarmiento; Martha Ayala; Sandra Peña; Gerzaín Rodríguez; Zelandia Fermín; Felix J. Tapia

    2006-01-01

    Introducción. Las células dendríticas están presentes en la mayoría de los tejidos, ellas capturany presentan antígenos para activar a los linfocitos T. Objetivo. Se describe ultraestructuralmente la fagocitosis de Leishmania mexicana por lalínea de células dendríticas FSDC, una línea de células de Langerhans obtenida de la epidermisfetal de ratón, e inmortalizada por la transducción retroviral del oncogen v-myc. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron amastigotes de la lesión de ratones ...

  3. Microhabitat use, population densities, and size distributions of sulfur cave-dwelling Poecilia mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jourdan, Jonas; Bierbach, David; Riesch, Rüdiger; Schießl, Angela; Wigh, Adriana; Arias-Rodriguez, Lenin; Indy, Jeane Rimber; Klaus, Sebastian; Zimmer, Claudia; Plath, Martin

    2014-01-01

    The Cueva del Azufre in Tabasco, Mexico, is a nutrient-rich cave and its inhabitants need to cope with high levels of dissolved hydrogen sulfide and extreme hypoxia. One of the successful colonizers of this cave is the poeciliid fish Poecilia mexicana, which has received considerable attention as a model organism to examine evolutionary adaptations to extreme environmental conditions. Nonetheless, basic ecological data on the endemic cave molly population are still missing; here we aim to provide data on population densities, size class compositions and use of different microhabitats. We found high overall densities in the cave and highest densities at the middle part of the cave with more than 200 individuals per square meter. These sites have lower H2S concentrations compared to the inner parts where most large sulfide sources are located, but they are annually exposed to a religious harvesting ceremony of local Zoque people called La Pesca. We found a marked shift in size/age compositions towards an overabundance of smaller, juvenile fish at those sites. We discuss these findings in relation to several environmental gradients within the cave (i.e., differences in toxicity and lighting conditions), but we also tentatively argue that the annual fish harvest during a religious ceremony (La Pesca) locally diminishes competition (and possibly, cannibalism by large adults), which is followed by a phase of overcompensation of fish densities.

  4. Consumo de energía y nutrimentos en mujeres mexicanas en edad reproductiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FLORES MARIO

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de energía y nutrimentos de mujeres mexicanas de 12 a 49 años de edad. Material y métodos. La información dietética se obtuvo por recordatorio de 24 horas en 9 101 mujeres participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de 1988 y se contrastó con características sociodemográficas y estado fisiológico. El consumo de nutrimentos se comparó con las recomendaciones de ingestión dietética (RID. Resultados. La mediana del consumo energético fue de 1 568 kcal/día. La dieta estuvo conformada por 15% de proteína, 60% de hidratos de carbono y 25% de grasa. La proporción de mujeres con una ingestión inferior a la mitad de las RID fue de 70% para vitamina A, 75% para B6, 56% para vitamina C, 33% para B12, 69% para folato, 33% para calcio y 22% para hierro. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos muestran deficiencias importantes en la dieta, las cuales son más acentuadas en mujeres embarazadas o nodrizas, en las de menor nivel socioeconómico, en las que habitan en áreas predominantemente rurales o indígenas y en las de la región sur.

  5. Composition comprising lignin and antidi arrheal component

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2008-01-01

    The present invention relates to a composition comprising lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid...

  6. Validated liquid chromatographic method and analysis of content of tilianin on several extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana and its correlation with vasorelaxant effect.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hernández-Abreu, Oswaldo; Durán-Gómez, Liliana; Best-Brown, Roberto; Villalobos-Molina, Rafael; Rivera-Leyva, Julio; Estrada-Soto, Samuel

    2011-11-18

    To optimize the obtention of tilianin, an antihypertensive flavonoid isolated from Agastache mexicana (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant used in Mexico for the treatment of hypertension. Also, a validated HPLC method to quantify tilianin from different extracts, obtained by several extraction methods, was developed. The aerial parts of Agastache mexicana were dried at different temperatures (22, 40, 50, 90, 100 and 180°C) and the dry material was extracted with methanol by maceration to compare the content of the active constituent tilianin in the samples. Furthermore, EtOH:H(2)O (7:3), infusion and decoction extracts were prepared from air-dried samples at room temperature to compare the content and composition of the different extraction methods. Moreover, an ex vivo vasorelaxant test on endothelium-intact aortic rat rings was conducted, in order to correlate the presence of tilianin with the activity of each extract. Higher concentration and amounts of tilianin were determined from chromatograms in the obtained methanolic extracts from plant material dried at 90, 50, 40 and 22°C, followed by 100°C; however, lower concentrations were observed in dried at 180°C and EtOH:H(2)O (7:3). It is worth to notice that methanolic extracts with higher amount of tilianin were the most potent vasorelaxant extracts, even though these extracts were less potent than carbachol, a positive control used. Finally, decoction, infusion and EtOH:H(2)O (7:3) extracts did not show any vasorelaxant effect. Results suggest that extracts with higher concentration of tilianin possess the best vasorelaxant activity, which allowed us to have a HPLC method for future quality control for this medicinal plant. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Influencia del impuesto hotelero en la red de promoción turística en la capital mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Cuevas Contreras

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente documento examina la aplicación del impuesto hotelero en la pro-moción del turismo en la capital mexicana, considerando su gestión a través del Fondo Mixto de Promoción Turística de la Ciudad de México mediante la exploración relacional de los actores involucrados. La metodología considera trabajo de gabinete, así como la aproximación cualicuantitativa al fenómeno de estudio. Para ello se exploran diversos enfoques de gestión del gravamen, sus beneficios en la promoción y el soporte al branding del destino. El análisis es mediante visualización de las redes que muestran la interrelación de factores de influencia entre los actores e interesados en la dinámica turística, represen-tando la perspectiva de reticularidad con respecto a la tributación extraordi-naria e influencia en el fomento de la imagen.

  8. Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae: Parte II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blanca Pérez-García

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available Se describe y se compara la morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas de Dryopteris. Las esporas de todas las especies estudiadas son monoletes y elipsoidales, la perina es plegada, de color pardo claro a pardo obscuro, su superficie es rugosa y de contornos tuberculados. El patrón de germinación es tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico es tipo Aspidium. Los gametangios son del tipo característicos de los helechos leptosporangiados. Se desarrollaron esporofitos en cinco de las seis especies y solamente en D. pseudo-filix-mas es de origen apogámico (80 días. Se hace un análisis comparativo de las características gametofíticas presentes en las 12 especies mexicanas del género y se concluye que el tipo de germinación Vittaria y el patrón de desarrollo protálico tipo Aspidium y gametofitos con tricomas unicelulares, capitados marginales y superficiales, de aspecto irregular, son características que le dan unidad y caracterizan a los géneros que conforman la familia Dryopteridaceae (Moran, 1995 a excepción del género Didymochlaena.The development of the sexual phase of six Mexican species of Dryopteris is described and compared. Spores of all studied species are monolete, ellipsoid and have a rugose surface; the perine is folded, brown to dark brown, with a tubercled outline. Germination pattern is of the Vittaria-type and the development pattern of the prothallia is of the Aspidium-type. Gametangia are of the common type for the leptosporangiate advanced ferns. First leaves of the sporophytes appear 258-265 after sowing and apparently in Dryopteris pseudo-filix-mas the sporophyte have an apogamic origin (80 days. To make a comparative analysis of gametophytic characteristics in the twelve Mexican species and conclude of germination is of the Vittaria-type and development pattern prothallial is of the Aspidium-type, and unicelular trichomes on margin and superficial gametophytic to yield irregular aspect are

  9. 75 FR 69459 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-12

    ..., poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. As explained in the Correction to Notice of... schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act [(21 U.S.C. 952 (a)(2...

  10. 77 FR 2321 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-17

    ..., poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. As explained in the Correction to Notice of... schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act 21 U.S.C. 952(a)(2)(B...

  11. 77 FR 5846 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-02-06

    ... following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate... substances that are manufactured from opium, raw, and poppy straw concentrate. Comments and requests for... and with United States obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect...

  12. La precocidad en la autobiografía mexicana: un proyecto editorial. Nuevos escritores mexicanos del siglo XX presentados por sí mismos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia L. Gutiérrez Piña

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available “Nuevos escritores mexicanos del siglo XX presentados por sí mis - mos” fue un proyecto editorial emprendido entre 1966 y 1968 por Rafael Giménez Siles y Emmanuel Carballo, quienes supieron reco- nocer en la autobiografía un instrumento ideal para forjar la imagen de algunos escritores en aras de un interés público naciente. Esta serie, que convocó a once jóvenes escritores (menores de 35 años para que escribieran su autobiografía, revela su importancia no solo por el lugar que ocupan los textos aislados dentro de la obra de sus autores, sino también como un hito dentro de la tradición autobio - gráfica mexicana.

  13. Asociación entre el momento de publicación en las redes sociales y el engagement : estudio de las universidades mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Valerio Ureña

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Las universidades están utilizando cada vez más las redes sociales como canales de comunicación. Sin embargo, no todas parecen tener una estrategia clara que les permita obtener un mayor alcance. En esta investigación se comprobó que el momento en que se publica es un factor que puede afectar el impacto de las publicaciones. Se contrastó el comportamiento de los administradores de las Fanpages frente a las manifestaciones de engage - ment del público desde la perspectiva de sus ciclos de actividad temporal. Se siguió una metodología cuantitativa basada en la identificación de publicaciones destacadas dentro de 31,590 publicaciones pertenecientes a 28 universidades mexicanas.

  14. Rezagos en el nivel de autonomía de las mujeres rurales mexicanas en la primera década del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verónica López Guerra

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Considerando los cambios ocurridos en la condición de las mujeres mexicanas en materia escolar y laboral, además de las transformaciones del campo mexicano en las décadas recientes, llevamos a cabo un estudio sobre los avances y rezagos en la autonomía de las mujeres rurales comparándolas con sus pares urbanas. Para ello utilizamos los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH de 2011. Nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de importantes rezagos en la condición de las mujeres rurales respecto a las urbanas; sin embargo, al considerar algunas características sociodemográficas se detectan algunos matices.

  15. Lluvia de semillas y emergencia de plántulas de Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana en La Mojonera, Hidalgo, México Seed rain and seedling emergence of Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana at La Mojonera, Hidalgo, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliva Godínez-Ibarra

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana es una especie restringida a pequeñas poblaciones y sujeta a fuerte presión antropogénica. Con el objetivo de obtener información relevante que permita proponer alternativas de conservación, se analizó la producción de semillas y la demografía de plántulas de primer año en la Mojonera, Hidalgo. Se estableció una parcela de observación de 4 800 m² dividida en cuadrantes de 10 X 10 m. Se utilizaron trampas de 0.5 m² para estimar la producción de semillas, así como subparcelas de 1 m² para registrar la emergencia y supervivencia de plántulas. La producción fue de 521 667 semillas ha-1, de las que sólo el 24.44% estaban llenas; el 46.01% vanas, y el 29.55% dañadas. La densidad de plántulas emergidas varió de 1 a 33 plántulas por m². El porcentaje de supervivencia de plántulas de primer año fue de 2.8% después de 10 meses de observación, siendo las de mayor supervivencia las que emergieron durante las primeras fechas. El 34.44% de las plántulas murieron por herbivoría, el 24.07% por damping-off y 23.65% por causa desconocida. La especie presenta el patrón general de supervivencia de especies arbóreas con alta mortalidad durante el primer año de vida.Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana is a species restricted to small populations under high anthropogenic pressure. With the aim to attain information to propose conservation strategies of this species, the seed rain and demography of current-year seedlings were analyzed at La Mojonera, Hidalgo, Mexico. A 4 800 m² plot divided into 10 X 10 m quadrants was established. The seed rain, seedling emergence, and survival were analyzed using seed traps of 0.5 m² and adjacent 1 m² sub-plots. The total seed rain was 521 667 seeds ha-1. A high proportion of seeds were unsound (46.01%, followed by damaged seeds (29.5% and only 24.44% were sound. Emerged seedlings fluctuated from 1 to 33 seedlings m². Alter 10 months, 2.8% of emerged seedlings were

  16. Analysis of the indices of thermal comfort for the conditions of the Mexican Republic; Analisis de los indices de confort termico para las condiciones de la republica mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fuentes Freixanet, Victor; Rodriguez Viqueira, Manuel [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Unidad Azcapotzalco (Mexico)

    2009-07-15

    The objective of this article is to analyze different indices of thermal comfort for the Mexican Republic. Among them the Fanger (PMV and PPD) physiological methods of comfort and the new effective temperature index are included. The standard effective temperature (SET), as well as the adaptive methods of Humphreys and Nicol, Auliciems, De Dear and Brager. A comparative analysis is done of the different indices through thematic maps determined by interpolation, using a climatic data base of 700 cities obtained from the observatories and stations of the National Meteorological Service. This article pretends to establish general criteria of the thermal comfort to later define design strategies for each one of the climatic regions of the Mexican Republic. [Spanish] El objetivo de este articulo es analizar distintos indices de confort termico para la Republica Mexicana. Entre ellos se incluyen los metodos fisiologicos de confort de Fanger (PMV y PPD), el indice de nueva temperatura efectiva. La temperatura efectiva estandar (SET), asi como los metodos adaptativos de Humphreys y Nicol, Auliciems, De Dear y Brager. Se hace un analisis comparativo de los distintos indices a traves de mapas tematicos determinados por interpolacion, usando una base de datos climaticos de 700 ciudades obtenidos de los observatorios y estaciones del Servicio Meteorologico Nacional. Este articulo presenta establecer criterios generales del confort termico para posteriormente definir estrategias de diseno para cada una de las regiones climaticas de la Republica Mexicana.

  17. Invasive alien plant species used for the treatment of various ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Results: The study revealed that Schinus molle L., Catharanthus roseus (L.), Datura stramonium L., Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Opuntia ficus- indica, Sambucus canadensis L., Ricinus communis L., Melia azedarch L., Argemone ochroleuca and Eriobotrya japonica are used for treatment of various diseases such as chest ...

  18. X-ray Crystallographic Study of the Drug Target Phosphoglycerate Mutase from Leishmania mexicana, A Cobalt-dependent Enzyme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poolpem, Buabal; Fortergill-gillmor, Linda; Michel, Poul; Wallkinchow, Malcolm

    2005-10-01

    Crystal structures of Leishmania mexicana iPGAM show a mixture of substrate (3PGA) and product (2PGA) in the active sites which occupy essentially the same position. Lm iPGAM requires Co 2 + ions as cofactors, but not Mn 2 + or Zn 2 +. Comparison of Lm iPGAM and the well-defined structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus iPGAM that requires Mn 2 + shows that the metal requirement of iPGAMs can be discriminated by the existence of an extra residue at Tyr210 (Lm) that causes His360 to adopt a position where it can form a H-bond with the phospho group of the substrate/product. These changes in active site structure cause differences in the active site preferences of each of the iPGAMs from both organisms for particular metals. Metal reactivation experiments show that manganese inhibits Lm iPGAM, whereas the zinc inhibitory effect is unclear. Manganese or zinc substitutions in both metal sites cause changes in metal geometry leading to loss of enzyme activity

  19. Empoderamiento de las jóvenes mexicanas y prevención de la violencia en el noviazgo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irene CASIQUE-RODRÍGUEZ

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares 2011, se indagan, en primer término, algunos indicadores de empoderamiento de las mujeres jóvenes mexicanas (autonomía e ideología de roles y se explora cómo varían éstos según algunas condiciones sociodemográficas de las jóvenes (grupos de edad, nivel de escolaridad, situación conyugal, maternidad y condición de actividad. En segundo término se analizan las asociaciones que se establecen entre dichos indicadores y el riesgo de sufrir violencia en el noviazgo. Los resultados sugieren que la autonomía de las jóvenes juega un papel muy importante como factor de protección frente al riesgo de violencia emocional y de violencia sexual, lo que confirma la relevancia de promover acciones y programas que contribuyan de manera decidida a incrementar entre las mujeres solteras esta dimensión de empoderamiento.

  20. Herbicidal treatments for control of Papaver somniferum L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Horowitz, M

    1980-01-01

    Fifty-five commercially available herbicides were evaluated for possible use to destroy illicit opium poppy crops (Papaver somniferum). In the first stage, herbicides were sprayed on poppy plants grown in containers. The following compounds killed poppy plants: (a) herbicides with typical foliar activity--amitrole, bromoxynil, 2,4-D, glyphosate, ioxynil and paraquat; and (b) herbicides with root and foliar activity--the triazines ametryn, atrazine, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine and terbutryn; the substituted ureas benzthiazuron, chloroxuron, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, neburon and phenobenzuron; and the miscellaneous compounds karbutilate, methazole, oxadiazon and pyrazon. Severe but sublethal injury was caused by cycloate, EPTC, molinate, pobulate, cacodylate + MSMA, ethofumesate, perfluidone and phenmedipham. Abnormal development of vegetative or reproductive parts of the plant was induced by benefin, butralin, dinitramine, pendimethalin, trifluralin, diphenamid, napropamide, dalapon and propham. Efficient herbicides with negligible persistence in soil at the doses applied were evaluated on poppy plants in the field at various stages of growth. Small plants were severely injured by 2,4-D, killed rapidly by bromoxynil, ioxynil, paraquat (in mixture + diquat), and more slowly by glyphosate and metribuzin. The resistance to herbicides increased with the age of the poppy plant. Severe damage with partial kill of developed plants was obtained with bromoxynil, ioxynil, glyphosate, and paraquat + diquat; the last treatment produced the fastest effect.

  1. Nuevas formas de valorización del conocimiento en el esquema de realización de ganancia del capital : caso: Asociación Mexicana Empresarial del Software Libre

    OpenAIRE

    Cano Robles, Alfonso

    2010-01-01

    Para hacer evidente las dinámicas que rigen la sociedad capitalista del conocimiento. Se observa una realidad en movimiento que presenta nuevas formas de valorización y de realización de ganancia. A partir de estas categorías de análisis, se observa la realidad concreta que presenta la industria del software en general y del contexto mexicano en particular ante la práctica social del software libre en la Asociación Mexicana Empresarial del software libre (AMESOL). Para ello, se hace uso de la...

  2. Activación de celulas supresoras de la respuesta de hipersensibilidad tardía en ratones BALB/c infectados o vacunados con Leishmania mexicana pifanoi Activation of supressor cells of delayed hypersensitivity response in BALB/C mice infected or immunized with Leishmania mexicana pifanoi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilda A. Pérez

    1985-12-01

    Full Text Available Los ratones BALB/c inmunizados SC con promastigotes no viables de Leishmania mexicana pifanoi, desarrollaron respuestas de hipersensibilidad tardia (RHT contra el parásito. En contraposición, los ratones BALB/c infectados crónicamente con L.m. pifanoi y aquellos inmunizados IV con una dosis supraóptima de parásitos muertos, mostraron inhibición de la RHT. La supresión de la RHT en los animales infectados, estuvo precedida por un estado transitorio de inmunidad celular, manifestado durante la fase inicial del desarrollo de las lesiones (4-12 semanas. La inhibición de la RHT observada en los animales infectados o inmunizados con dosis supraóptimas, fue causada por un mecanismo activo, transferible a receptores singénicos a través de las células esplénicas de los donantes suprimidos. La población de células supresoras fue no adherente a "nylon", sensible al tratamiento con un suero anti-timocitos de ratón y C', y de acción específica sobre la RHT contra antígenos leishmánicos. Se propone que la ocurrencia de células T supresoras de la RHT en los animales infectados crónicamente o inmunizados con dosis supraóptimas, es causada por el exceso de carga antigénica. Esta última, en el caso de los animales infectados, secundaria a una falla primaria en el control inmunológico de la población parasitaria.A T suppressor cell population that specifically shut down delayed hypersensitivity responses (DHR to the parasite was found in both BALB/c mice chronically infected with Leishmania mexicana pifanoi and in naive mice which had received a single IV supraoptimal dose of killed parasites. At the early phase of infection mice exhibited a transitory state of cell-mediated immunity against the parasite that was abrogated when lesions reached their accelerated phase of growth. Results suggest that in both infected and high-dose immunized mice, the activation of T suppressor cells of DHR is related to antigen overload.

  3. Los ADPIC y el TLCAN en la industria farmacéutica mexicana: Un análisis TradeCAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo A. Guerrero Castro

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo muestra el deterioro de la industria farmacéutica mexicana, lo mismo de insumos que de productos finales, en los ámbitos comercial, de competitividad y de actividad inventiva - producción de conocimiento patentado - a principios de la década de los noventa. Dicho deterioro se vincula con la apertura externa de la economía mexicana, iniciada en 1985 con el desmantelamiento unilateral de su aparato arancelario y su ingreso al GATT, un año después, y avanza en 1991 con la aceptación de los acuerdos comerciales de carácter sectorial conocidos como ADPIC y la instrumentación de la Ley de Fomento y Protección de la Propiedad Industrial, así como la puesta en operación del TLCAN, en 1994. Para demostrar su hipótesis recurre, como principal herramienta, a la versión más reciente del software desarrollado por la CEPAL para analizar la competitividad de las naciones, conocido como TradeCAN, a cinco dígitos de la CUCl. Asimismo, evidencia el crecimiento del comercio de las empresas farmacéuticas transnacionales que operan en México; cuantifica el comercio farmacéutico intraindustrial del país, que ha tendido a desacelerarse, y presenta una síntesis de los puntos de vista de diferentes expertos de la industria.The work shows the deterioration of the Mexican pharmaceutical industry ever since de early nineties at the commercial, competitive and inventive activity levels, considering both inputs and final products. Such a deterioration is linked to the external opening of the Mexican economy, which began in 1985 with the unilateral dismantling of tariff barriers and the annexing of Mexico to GATT, a year later, and advanced in 1991 with the acceptance of sector-specific trade agreements known as TRIP 's and the implementation of the Law on the Promotion and Protection of Industrial Property, and finally the instrumentation of NAFTA, in 1994. To prove its hypothesis, the essay takes as a main tool the latest version of the

  4. Papers of the First Annual Congress of the Mexican Nuclear Society, C.A.; Memorias del Primer Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana A.C.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1990-11-01

    The fulfillment of the First Annual Congress of the Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana is the culmination of a longing for a long time expected for every one of the professionals in the different branches of the nuclear field; to have a forum for the discussion and communication of the achievements of the different institutions in any way involved with nuclear sciences. The reply attained on behalf of community (51 papers) is an indicative of the interest of our members in the event, we are not doubtful that in its consolidation, will be an important forum for the exchange of ideas and the approach among the members of the nuclear community. (Author).

  5. 76 FR 5827 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-02

    ... basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Phenylacetone (8501) II Coca Leaves (9040) II... re-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw or coca leaves. As... classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section...

  6. El aborto inducido de las mexicanas en el contexto transfronterizo México-Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norma Ojeda

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este es un estudio sociodemográfico comparativo del aborto inducido de las mujeres que viven en los dos lados de la frontera México-Estados Unidos. Se analiza el caso especifico de Tijuana y San Diego mediante la utilización de fuentes complementarias de datos: una encuesta posparto realizada en el IMSS de Tijuana en 1993 con información para un total de 2 709 mujeres y los expedientes de la clínica Womancare de Planned Parenthood, con información para 1 109 mujeres. Esta última fuente incluye información sobre las mexicanas que cruzaron la frontera entre la primavera y el verano de 1993 para practicarse un aborto en condiciones legales y seguras en San Diego. Los resultados indican que el aborto ocurre más frecuentemente en las etapas avanzadas del periodo reproductivo de las mujeres. Sin embargo, también utilizan el aborto para posponer el inicio de su trayectoria reproductiva. Existen distintos patrones de aborto entre las mujeres fronterizas definidos por variaciones en la edad al momento del aborto, el número de hijos al momento de abortar, la edad al primer embarazo, las opiniones acerca del aborto, los motivos para abortar y los planes para enfrentar los efectos emocionales en la etapa postaborto.

  7. Sex-specific local life-history adaptation in surface- and cave-dwelling Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riesch, Rüdiger; Reznick, David N; Plath, Martin; Schlupp, Ingo

    2016-03-10

    Cavefishes have long been used as model organisms showcasing adaptive diversification, but does adaptation to caves also facilitate the evolution of reproductive isolation from surface ancestors? We raised offspring of wild-caught surface- and cave-dwelling ecotypes of the neotropical fish Poecilia mexicana to sexual maturity in a 12-month common garden experiment. Fish were raised under one of two food regimes (high vs. low), and this was crossed with differences in lighting conditions (permanent darkness vs. 12:12 h light:dark cycle) in a 2 × 2 factorial design, allowing us to elucidate potential patterns of local adaptation in life histories. Our results reveal a pattern of sex-specific local life-history adaptation: Surface molly females had the highest fitness in the treatment best resembling their habitat of origin (high food and a light:dark cycle), and suffered from almost complete reproductive failure in darkness, while cave molly females were not similarly affected in any treatment. Males of both ecotypes, on the other hand, showed only weak evidence for local adaptation. Nonetheless, local life-history adaptation in females likely contributes to ecological diversification in this system and other cave animals, further supporting the role of local adaptation due to strong divergent selection as a major force in ecological speciation.

  8. Acarine infracommunities associated with the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in arid regions of Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guzmán-Cornejo, C; García-Prieto, L; Morales-Malacara, J B; Pérez-Ponce De León, G

    2003-11-01

    The Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, is one of the most widely distributed bats, and its range includes the whole Mexican territory. Ectoparasites of this bat have been the subject of isolated reports, but no studies of its community ecology have been conducted. The acarine infracommunities associated with this bat were analyzed, comparing bat populations from three arid regions of Mexico: an abandoned factory in Nombre de Dios, Durango; a cave in Santiago, Nuevo León; and a church in Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas. The acarine infracommunity in Nuevo Le6n's bats exhibited the highest levels of diversity as reflected by a higher richness, a lower dominance, and a moderate and relatively homogeneous abundance in this locality in relation to the other two. This pattern is influenced by stable cave conditions relative to artificial habitats. Notwithstanding, further studies are required to determine whether or not different habitat conditions are a primary factor in the process of structuring the acari infracommunities.

  9. El papel de la cultura popular en la construcción de la identidad nacional mexicana: los fandangos jarochos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melba Sonderegger

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available La convergencia global causada por el uso masivo de los medios y tecnologías de comunicación, así como la replicación del sistema capitalista en las economías mundiales, amenazó con homogenizar culturalmente las prácticas humanas. Sin embargo, la globalización se concretó con antítesis locales: la reafirmación de las identidades nacionales, así como el intento de reivindicar particularismos culturales a través de iniciativas y políticas de reconocimiento a la diversidad cultural. En estas páginas se analiza el papel de la revitalización de la cultura popular en la construcción de la identidad nacional mexicana; en específico, el caso de los fandangos jarochos en su transición de lo rural a lo urbano y los fandangos fronterizos en el marco de la globalización.

  10. Evaluation of the quality consistency of powdered poppy capsule extractive by an averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method in combination with antioxidant activities and two compounds analyses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yujing; Sun, Guoxiang; Hou, Zhifei; Yan, Bo; Zhang, Jing

    2017-12-01

    A novel averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method was proposed and successfully applied to monitor the quality consistency of alkaloids in powdered poppy capsule extractive. Averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method provided accurate qualitative and quantitative similarities for chromatographic fingerprints of Chinese herbal medicines. The stability and operability of the averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method were verified by the parameter r. The average linear qualitative similarity SL (improved based on conventional qualitative "Similarity") was used as a qualitative criterion in the averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method, and the average linear quantitative similarity PL was introduced as a quantitative one. PL was able to identify the difference in the content of all the chemical components. In addition, PL was found to be highly correlated to the contents of two alkaloid compounds (morphine and codeine). A simple flow injection analysis was developed for the determination of antioxidant capacity in Chinese Herbal Medicines, which was based on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by antioxidants. The fingerprint-efficacy relationship linking chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities was investigated utilizing orthogonal projection to latent structures method, which provided important pharmacodynamic information for Chinese herbal medicines quality control. In summary, quantitative fingerprinting based on averagely linear-quantified fingerprint method can be applied for monitoring the quality consistency of Chinese herbal medicines, and the constructed orthogonal projection to latent structures model is particularly suitable for investigating the fingerprint-efficacy relationship. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. 75 FR 1812 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-13

    ... of controlled substances listed in schedule II: Drug Schedule Phenylacetone (8501) II Coca Leaves... registration or re-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw or coca leaves... such basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority...

  12. 75 FR 32506 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-08

    ... of controlled substances listed in schedule II: Drug Schedule Raw Opium (9600) II Concentrate of... substances that are manufactured from raw opium, poppy straw, and concentrate of poppy straw. No comments or... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Cody Laboratories, Inc...

  13. 78 FR 17230 - Importer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration, Noramco, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-20

    ... basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Phenylacetone (8501) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II Tapentadol (9780) II The company plans to import raw Opium (9600) and Poppy... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971, at this time. DEA has investigated Noramco...

  14. 77 FR 43862 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Noramco, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-07-26

    ... basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Phenylacetone (8501) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II Tapentadol (9780) II The company plans to import the Opium (9600) and Poppy... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971, at this time. DEA has investigated Noramco...

  15. Justicia y relaciones internacionales: las relaciones hispano-mexicanas (1844-1863

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delgado Larios, Almudena

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available In the nineteenth century one of the key conditions for recognition of sovereignity of a state by the international community was the ability to maintain order and ensure the lives and properties of nationals abroad. Justice, then, becomes a political element of the first order and the case of Spanish-Mexican relations is particularly significant. For Mexico, it is to preserve national independence, to avoid a military intervention and to integrate into the international system. For Spain, it is asserting its status as a great power with the ability to speak in defense of its citizens and to obtain the necessary repairs. This work is structured so on three issues: debt and financial claims of the Spaniards, the punishment of those guilty of the murders of Spaniards and the negotiation of a treaty on extradition of criminals and deserters.

    En el siglo XIX una de las condiciones esenciales para obtener el reconocimiento de la soberanía de un Estado por parte de la comunidad internacional era la capacidad para mantener el orden interior y garantizar las vidas y propiedades de los súbditos extranjeros. La justicia, entonces, se convierte en un elemento político de primer orden y el caso de las relaciones hispano-mexicanas resulta especialmente significativo. Para México, se trata de preservar la independencia nacional, de evitar una intervención militar y de integrarse en el sistema internacional. Para España, se busca afirmar su estatuto de gran potencia con capacidad para intervenir en defensa de sus ciudadanos y de obtener las debidas reparaciones. Este trabajo se estructura entonces en torno a tres cuestiones: la deuda y las reclamaciones financieras de los españoles, el castigo de los culpables de los asesinatos de españoles y la negociación de un tratado de extradición de delincuentes y desertores.

  16. Mexican official Norms in constructions; Normas oficiales mexicanas en edificaciones

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Morales Martinez, Norma Eneida [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia (CONAE) (Mexico)

    2005-07-01

    The Federal Law on Metrology and Normalization operative since July 16 1992, establishes that it corresponds to the dependencies of Federal Public Administration (APF), in its scope of competence, to constitute the National Consultative Committee of Normalization (CCNN) to issue the Mexican official norms (NOM) on products, systems, processes, methods, facilities, services or activities, as well as to certify, to verify and inspect its fulfillment. The NOMs are of obligatory application since their purpose is the establishment of the characteristics and/or specifications, criteria and procedures that allow to protect and to promote the improvement of the environment and ecosystems, as well as the preservation of the natural resources. The normalization for the power efficiency in the constructions represents an effort directed to the improvement of the thermal design of buildings and to the obtaining of its inhabitants' comfort with a smaller energy consumption. The heat gain by solar radiation is the source most important to control, a control obtained with a suitable design of the building covering. [Spanish] La Ley Federal sobre Metrologia y Normalizacion en vigor desde el 16 de julio de 1992, establece que corresponde a las dependencias de la Administracion Publica Federal (APF), en su ambito de competencia, constituir los Comite consultivo Nacional de Normalizacion (CCNN) para expedir las normas oficiales mexicanas (NOM) sobre productos, sistemas, procesos, metodos, instalaciones, servicios o actividades, asi como certificar, verificar e inspeccionar su cumplimiento. Las NOM son de aplicacion obligatoria porque tienen como finalidad establecer las caracteristicas y/o especificaciones, criterios y procedimientos que permitan proteger y promover el mejoramiento del ambiente y los ecosistemas, asi como la preservacion de los recursos naturales. La normalizacion para la eficiencia energetica en las edificaciones representa un esfuerzo encaminado a mejorar el

  17. Los organismos internacionales y su incidencia en el desarrollo latinoamericano: la gravitación del pensamiento y las estrategias del Banco Mundial en las políticas públicas mexicanas

    OpenAIRE

    Enríquez Pérez, Isaac

    2016-01-01

    El informe de investigación correspondiente a la Tesis Doctoral titulada Los organismos internacionales y su incidencia en el desarrollo latinoamericano, la gravitación del pensamiento y las estrategias del Banco Mundial en las políticas públicas mexicanas presenta un estudio sobre la relación orgánica suscitada entre las directrices de desarrollo diseñadas y difundidas por los organismos internacionales especialmente por el Banco Mundial y las políticas públicas de una nación subdesarrollada...

  18. 75 FR 64743 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-20

    ... Phenylacetone (8501) II Coca Leaves (9040) II Thebaine (9333) II Opium, raw (9600) II Noroxymorphone (9668) II... re-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves. As... such basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority...

  19. 76 FR 39123 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-05

    ... Carfentanil (9743) II Coca Leaves (9040) II Cocaine (9041) II Codeine (9050) II Dextropropoxyphene, bulk (non... registration or re-registration to import crude opium, poppy straw, concentrate of poppy straw, and coca leaves... such basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I or II, which fall under the authority...

  20. Retinol sérico en mujeres mexicanas urbanas durante el periodo perinatal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casanueva Esther

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Establecer la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina A durante el embarazo y la lactancia en un grupo de mujeres mexicanas urbanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se invitó a participar a un grupo de gestantes que acudían a control prenatal, que carecían de patología agregada y contaban con menos de 20 semanas de embarazo. Fueron evaluadas tres veces durante el embarazo y hasta la semana 24 del posparto. La determinación de vitamina A en suero se realizó por cromatografía de líquidos de alta presión. Se consideró como punto de corte para riesgo de deficiencia una concentración de retinol < 1.05 µmol/L. RESULTADOS. En las tres evaluaciones durante la gestación las concentraciones de vitamina A fueron de 2.34±0.70, 2.41±1.03 y 1.86±0.66 µmol/L, respectivamente, lo cual muestra una disminución significativa. Sin embargo, sólo 1/30 se ubicó por debajo del punto de corte aceptado para considerar riesgo de deficiencia y ninguno para deficiencia. Durante el posparto las concentraciones se conservaron relativamente constantes, alrededor de 2.10 µmol/L. La práctica de la lactancia no tuvo impacto sobre las concentraciones séricas de retinol, no así la pérdida de peso. CONCLUSIONES. En la población estudiada no se documentaron casos de deficiencia de vitamina A durante el periodo perinatal. La pérdida de peso materna tiene influencia sobre las concentraciones de retinol en el posparto.

  1. Seducción de nación. Conmemoraciones y publicidad en la prensa mexicana (1910, 1921, 1935, 1960

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lara Campos Pérez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La autora analiza algunas de las diferentes imágenes que se construyeron sobre la idea denación en México en cuatro momentos de suhistoria en el siglo XX(1910, 1921, 1935 y1960 y cómo esas imágenes fueron empleadaspor algunas empresas para publicitar sus productos mediante anuncios aparecidos en losperiódicos de la época. Las cuatro fechas elegidas coinciden con aniversarios más o menosredondos de conmemoraciones nacionales. Elobjetivo del texto es reflexionar sobre los distintos usos de los discursos nacionalistas, asícomo explorar los lenguajes simbólico-visualesde dichos discursos dentro de un contexto nopolítico, pero sí con un fin altamente persuasivo por otros motivos. Igualmente, en los 50años que se recorren, se podrán apreciar algunosde los cambios y continuidades que se produjeron en torno a la idea de nación, así como laevolución en los hábitos de consumo de la sociedad capitalina mexicana.

  2. Sterol 14α-demethylase mutation leads to amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roy Mwenechanya

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Amphotericin B has emerged as the therapy of choice for use against the leishmaniases. Administration of the drug in its liposomal formulation as a single injection is being promoted in a campaign to bring the leishmaniases under control. Understanding the risks and mechanisms of resistance is therefore of great importance. Here we select amphotericin B-resistant Leishmania mexicana parasites with relative ease. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that ergosterol, the sterol known to bind the drug, is prevalent in wild-type cells, but diminished in the resistant line, where alternative sterols become prevalent. This indicates that the resistance phenotype is related to loss of drug binding. Comparing sequences of the parasites' genomes revealed a plethora of single nucleotide polymorphisms that distinguish wild-type and resistant cells, but only one of these was found to be homozygous and associated with a gene encoding an enzyme in the sterol biosynthetic pathway, sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51. The mutation, N176I, is found outside of the enzyme's active site, consistent with the fact that the resistant line continues to produce the enzyme's product. Expression of wild-type sterol 14α-demethylase in the resistant cells caused reversion to drug sensitivity and a restoration of ergosterol synthesis, showing that the mutation is indeed responsible for resistance. The amphotericin B resistant parasites become hypersensitive to pentamidine and also agents that induce oxidative stress. This work reveals the power of combining polyomics approaches, to discover the mechanism underlying drug resistance as well as offering novel insights into the selection of resistance to amphotericin B itself.

  3. A Revolução Mexicana como símbolo da condição humana na obra de Juan Rulfo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Ferraz de Camargo Oliveira

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available

    O presente artigo tem por finalidade abordar uma pequena parte da obra do escritor mexicano Juan Rulfo (1917-1986. Ao tratar da Revolução Mexicana de forma simbólica, o autor rompeu com as narrativas tradicionais que se prendiam aos acontecimentos imediatos. Dessa forma, ele conferiu um novo status à narrativa relacionada ao tema mencionado. Sua obra transcendeu a experiência vivida e, no limite, alude à condição do próprio ser humano, sem, contudo, desprender-se de seu substrato histórico.

  4. Gluconeogenesis in Leishmania mexicana: contribution of glycerol kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and pyruvate phosphate dikinase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodriguez-Contreras, Dayana; Hamilton, Nicklas

    2014-11-21

    Gluconeogenesis is an active pathway in Leishmania amastigotes and is essential for their survival within the mammalian cells. However, our knowledge about this pathway in trypanosomatids is very limited. We investigated the role of glycerol kinase (GK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in gluconeogenesis by generating the respective Leishmania mexicana Δgk, Δpepck, and Δppdk null mutants. Our results demonstrated that indeed GK, PEPCK, and PPDK are key players in the gluconeogenesis pathway in Leishmania, although stage-specific differences in their contribution to this pathway were found. GK participates in the entry of glycerol in promastigotes and amastigotes; PEPCK participates in the entry of aspartate in promastigotes, and PPDK is involved in the entry of alanine in amastigotes. Furthermore, the majority of alanine enters into the pathway via decarboxylation of pyruvate in promastigotes, whereas pathway redundancy is suggested for the entry of aspartate in amastigotes. Interestingly, we also found that l-lactate, an abundant glucogenic precursor in mammals, was used by Leishmania amastigotes to synthesize mannogen, entering the pathway through PPDK. On the basis of these new results, we propose a revision in the current model of gluconeogenesis in Leishmania, emphasizing the differences between amastigotes and promastigotes. This work underlines the importance of studying the trypanosomatid intracellular life cycle stages to gain a better understanding of the pathologies caused in humans. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  5. Ley de Thirlwall y tipo de cambio: Un análisis empírico para la economía mexicana de 2003 a 2012, mediante la metodología del modelo SVAR cointegrado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Arenas Díaz

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A partir de los hechos estilizados de la economía mexicana del periodo 2003- 2012, se prueba la validez en el corto y largo plazo de la Ley de Thirlwall, medi - ante la técnica econométrica del var estructural cointegrado. En el modelo desar - rollado se considera que el tipo de cambio real es una variable que puede tener un efecto importante sobre la demanda, tal como lo menciona López y Cruz (1999. Cabe resaltar, que la mayoría de los estudios que estiman dichas variables, sólo analizan los efectos de largo plazo de la propia Ley de Thirlwall, no obstante, para esta investigación, a través del cálculo de los impulso-respuesta se puede reali - zar inferencia económica sobre lo que ocurre en el corto plazo con las variables económicas. Finalmente, se respalda el empleo de la metodología svar , puesto que ésta permite imponer restricciones teóricas, lo cual valida el modelo de cre - cimiento, restringido por la balanza de pagos, que propone A. Thirlwall en 1979 y que, además, con¿rma la hipótesis de la relevancia que tiene el tipo de cambio en el crecimiento de corto plazo en la economía mexicana.

  6. A nova face da política social mexicana The new look of mexican social policies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asa Cristina Laurell

    1994-04-01

    Full Text Available A política social mexicana recente já foi apontada por organismos multilaterias como o Banco Mundial como um programa bem sucedido de combate à pobreza. O artigo mostra que essa avaliação é inteiramente equivocada e mostra como e porque a pobreza aumentou substancialmente no país no período 1983-1994. Quanto aos recursos destinados ao programa de combate à pobreza extrema, o PRONASOL, se foram ínfimos em face das carências sociais, foram no entanto suficientes para fazer do programa um instrumento bastante útil aos propósitos , clientelístas e de controle político do Partido Revolucionário Institucional (PRI.Mexico's recent social policies have benn pointed out by multilateral organs like the World Bank as a successfull program against poverty. This papers claims that this evaluation is utterly mistaken and shows how and why poverty has grown substancially in the country during the period 1983-1994. As to the resourses alloted to the program against extreme poverty, PRONASOL, it is shown that they, although insignificant as compared to the social needs, were large enough to make the program an useful instrumental for the clientelistic and political controling interests of the PRI

  7. 77 FR 4831 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-31

    ... (8501) II Coca Leaves (9040) II Oxycodone (9143) II Hydromorphone (9150) II Hydrocodone (9193) II... crude opium, poppy straw, poppy straw concentrate, and coca leaves. As explained in the Correction to... schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act 21 U.S.C. 952 (a)(2)(B...

  8. Territorio flexible en la semiperiferia: La frontera norte mexicana

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    Ovidio González Gómez

    1999-05-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se realiza una discusión sobre la aplicabilidad de la propuesta de la denominada corriente regulacionista en torno a la espacialidad de los procesos recientes de industrialización, para un caso dentro de los países no centrales, en particular sobre el proceso de industrialización ocurrido en la Frontera Norte mexicana, desde mediados de la década pasada. Lo que se cuestiona, primeramente, a nivel teórico, es la utilidad de esta propuesta para parte de los estados no-centrales del Sistema Mundial. También se desarrollan, en el mismo plano, las objeciones principales en relación a sus supuestos generales al aplicarse esta teoría tanto al centro del Sistema Mundial como también al resto de ésta. Las características principales de este reciente proceso de industrialización en el territorio del norte mexicano son esbozadas para luego ser confrontadas a los supuestos subyacentes a la teoría regulacionista. Desde la crítica formulada a esta escuela de pensamiento, se genera una propuesta interpretativa, basada primeramente sobre el concepto de espacio de flujos, y después sobre la flexibilidad en el uso de la región fronteriza del norte mexicanoA debate is proposed in this paper on the suitability of the regulationist proposal to explain the spatial implications of recent industrial processes. This suitability is questioned for a particular territory in a non-central Nation-State, the Mexican Northern Border, from the mid-dle 1980´s. At a theoretical level, the usefulness of this for parts of the non-central nations of the World-System. On the same level the main objections on its general assumptions when this theory is applied to the center of the World-System as well as to the rest of it. Are also developed he main characteristics of the new industrialization process in the northern Mexican territory are depicted. These features are then confronted to the underlying assumptions of the regulationist theory. And, from

  9. Jornadas humanitarias de labio y paladar hendidos en el sureste de la República Mexicana: 17 años de experiencia y 40 jornadas

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    María S. Flores-Méndez

    Full Text Available Iniciamos las jornadas quirúrgicas de labio y paladar hendidos como una necesidad hacia la población más desprotegida del sureste de la República Mexicana, ya que esta malformación se presenta en nuestro país en 1 de cada 700 nacidos vivos, afectando a un sector de la población que generalmente no tiene seguridad médica, y siendo pocos además los cirujanos plásticos en el país que tratamos esta patología. Es decir, existen aproximadamente 10 nuevos casos por día, y según las estadísticas, 4 de ellos no tendrán acceso gratuito a los servicios públicos de salud. La Clínica de Labio y Paladar Hendidos inició su actividad en el año 2000 en la Ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, en el Hospital "Dr. Agustín O'Horan" de la Secretaría de Salud de Yucatán, bajo el nombre de "Todo por una sonrisa". Trabaja de forma continua todo el año, y operando un promedio de 3 a 4 pacientes de labio y paladar hendido a la semana. Además, en ella se realiza una jornada quirúrgica cada año y en los estados del sureste de la República Mexicana se han realizado otras 22 jornadas quirúrgicas, todas en hospitales donde hay uno o más cirujanos plásticos y/o cirujano maxilofacial, aunque no haya clínica de labio y paladar hendido. Todos los pacientes intervenidos a lo largo de 17 años de experiencia y 40 jornadas realizadas lo han sido por labio y paladar hendidos, con secuelas de esta malformación con o sin otras anomalías faciales agregadas.

  10. La diplomacia mexicana: ¿Agente al servicio del exilio español? Las relaciones entre diplomáticos mexicanos y los organismos de ayuda a los republicanos españoles (1939-1942

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurelio Velázquez Hernández

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available En el Texto pretendemos realizar un acercamiento a la actuación de los diplomáticos mexicanos en Francia a favor de los refugiados españoles de la Guerra Civil. Asimismo, realizamos un repaso por la muy relevante participación de destacados nombres de la diplomacia mexicana que  también lo son ya del exilio español. Nombres como lo de Narcisso Bassols, Luis I. Rodríguez o Gilberto Bosques. Planteándonos hasta que punto llegó esta colaboración, cuáles fueron las causas que la motivaron y cómo evolucionará dicha relación entre diplomáticos mexicanos y las autoridades españolas encargadas de los organismos de ayudaPalabras clave: Exilio Republicano, Francia, Diplomacia Mexicana, ayuda humanitaria, embarques_______________________________ABSTRACT:This article is an attempt of approach to Mexican ambassadorial actuations in favor of Spanish Civil War refugees in France.In addition, the document is also a revision of the most relevant personalities of Mexican diplomacy, which are equally important between the Spanish exiles. There are people like Narciso Bassols, Luis I. Rodríguez or Gilberto Bosques. We would try to know how intensive diplomatic alliance was, what their causes were and how Spanish-Mexican relationship between authorities in charge of humanitarian cares transform along the time.Keywords: Spanish Republican exile, France. Mexican diplomacy, humanitarian help, shipments

  11. Toxic hydrogen sulfide and dark caves: phenotypic and genetic divergence across two abiotic environmental gradients in Poecilia mexicana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tobler, Michael; Dewitt, Thomas J; Schlupp, Ingo; García de León, Francisco J; Herrmann, Roger; Feulner, Philine G D; Tiedemann, Ralph; Plath, Martin

    2008-10-01

    Divergent natural selection drives evolutionary diversification. It creates phenotypic diversity by favoring developmental plasticity within populations or genetic differentiation and local adaptation among populations. We investigated phenotypic and genetic divergence in the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana along two abiotic environmental gradients. These fish typically inhabit nonsulfidic surface rivers, but also colonized sulfidic and cave habitats. We assessed phenotypic variation among a factorial combination of habitat types using geometric and traditional morphometrics, and genetic divergence using quantitative and molecular genetic analyses. Fish in caves (sulfidic or not) exhibited reduced eyes and slender bodies. Fish from sulfidic habitats (surface or cave) exhibited larger heads and longer gill filaments. Common-garden rearing suggested that these morphological differences are partly heritable. Population genetic analyses using microsatellites as well as cytochrome b gene sequences indicate high population differentiation over small spatial scale and very low rates of gene flow, especially among different habitat types. This suggests that divergent environmental conditions constitute barriers to gene flow. Strong molecular divergence over short distances as well as phenotypic and quantitative genetic divergence across habitats in directions classic to fish ecomorphology suggest that divergent selection is structuring phenotypic variation in this system.

  12. Treinta años de la revista mexicana de análisis de la conducta: un reto a la supervivencia

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    Héctor Martínez Sánchez

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se hace una reseña del origen del análisis de la conducta en México. Se destacan las condiciones que dieron lugar a su establecimiento y la labor de distinguidos académicos que hicieron posible que México fuera considerado como el segundo país en dificulimportancia, después de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, en el análisis de la conducta. En esta historia, la Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta ha jugado un papel relevante como forma de comunicación entre los analistas conductuales latinoamericanos. Su permanencia la ha convertido en la revista más antigua dedicada exclusivamente al análisis de la conducta en lengua no inglesa. Celebrar su trigésimo aniversario nos ha dado la ocasión para hacer un recorrido siempre incompleto y sesgado sobre el pasado, presente y las posibilidades futuras del análisis de la conducta en México

  13. El negocio de la producción de semillas mejoradas y su rol en el proceso de privatización de la agricultura mexicana

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    Gilberto Aboites

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo rastrea los orígenes de la producción industrial de semillas mejoradas y enfatiza su rol en la privatización de la agricultura mexicana. El argumento establece que la modernización de la agricultura no se puede concebir como una acción homogénea y siempre progresista, como si se hubiera podido decretar de un solo golpe y para siempre, sino que ha sufrido diversos cambios, adecuaciones y retrocesos. En las conclusiones se resalta el alto grado de concentración que se tiene en la Asociación empresarial de productores de semillas mejoradas y sus efectos para la autosuficencia alimentaria y la exclusión de muchas zonas productoras de maíz donde la mayoría de los productores son campesinos pobres.

  14. Caracterización de sitios de percha del guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana en Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes, México Roost sites characteristics of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana in Sierra Fria, Aguascalientes, Mexico

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    Marcelo Márquez-Olivas

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Entre octubre y noviembre del año 2001 y mayo de 2002 se localizaron 16 sitios de percha de guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana en la Sierra Fría de Aguascalientes. El 87.5% de los sitios se encontraron en bosques de pino-encino (en rodales de pinos, en altitudes de 2500 a 2650 m. En la parte alta (2/3 de la cuesta se localizaron 8 de los sitios y 7 sobre laderas de exposición noreste, en una pendiente promedio de 38.9 ± 12.6%. El 62.5% de los sitios se usaron durante todo el periodo de estudio y el resto, de manera ocasional. La mayoría de los dormideros se encontraron cerca de comederos o cebaderos y de parcelas agrícolas. Se contabilizaron de 1 a 23 árboles de percha utilizados por sitio, distribuidos a una distancia promedio de 24.4 ± 17.8 metros. El 81.2% de los árboles (n=170 fueron pinos (Pinus teocote, P. durangensis, P. leiophylla y P. michoacana, 17.6% encinos (Quercus laurina, Q. grisea y Q. eduardii y 1.2% madroños (Arbutus arizonica. La altura promedio de los árboles fue de 16.6 ± 4.4 m y el diámetro 43.2 ± 11.5 cm. La preferencia del guajolote silvestre por utilizar pinos como dormideros en lugar de otras especies arbóreas, se debe posiblemente a que son árboles de mayor porte o a la conformación de su dosel; sin embargo, se ha observado que en lugares donde hay pocos pinos, los guajolotes utilizan para dormir otros árboles de características semejantes, como encinos, madroños o sicomoros.Sixteen roosting sites of Gould's wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana were found between October and November of 2001 and May of 2002 in Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes. A large percentage (87.5% of the roost sites was located in oak-pine forest (in pine stands, at an elevation range of 2500 to 2650 meters. Eight roost sites were on the upper portion (2/3 of the ridge, and 7 at northeast exposures with an average slope of 38.9 ± 12.6%. Most (81.2% of the roost trees (n =170 were pines (Pinus teocote, P

  15. Otolith morphology and hearing abilities in cave- and surface-dwelling ecotypes of the Atlantic molly, Poecilia mexicana (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulz-Mirbach, Tanja; Ladich, Friedrich; Riesch, Rüdiger; Plath, Martin

    2010-01-01

    Cave fish have rarely been investigated with regard to their inner ear morphology, hearing abilities, and acoustic communication. Based on a previous study that revealed morphological differences in the saccular otolith between a cave and two surface populations of Poecilia mexicana, we checked for additional differences in utricular and lagenar otoliths and tested whether different populations have similar hearing sensitivities. We found pronounced differences in the shape of all three otoliths. Otoliths of the saccule and lagena from cave fish differed from those of surface fish in the features of the face oriented towards the sensory epithelium. In addition, otoliths of the utricle and lagena were significantly heavier in cave fish. Auditory sensitivities were measured between 100 and 1500 Hz, utilizing the auditory evoked potential recording technique. We found similar hearing abilities in cave and surface fish, with greatest sensitivity between 200 and 300 Hz. An acoustic survey revealed that neither ecotype produced species-specific sounds. Our data indicate that cave dwelling altered the otolith morphology in Atlantic mollies, probably due to metabolic differences. Different otolith morphology, however, did not affect general auditory sensitivity or acoustic behavior. PMID:20430090

  16. Combating Opium in Afghanistan. Strategic Forum, Number 224, November 2006

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-11-01

    strategy will be severely limited.17 Truffles, a fungi delicacy, are the only legal agricultural product whose value rivals that of opium poppy...to bear fruit and are not viable sources of income over the short term. Wheat , a favorite substitute of Western aid agencies, does not provide a...viable alternative for farmers. Income from poppy production is approximately $5,400 per hectare, while wheat brings in $500. Farmers claim that

  17. ESTRATEGIAS DE AJUSTE ANTE CHOQUES HIPOTÉTICOS DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA. Resultados de una encuesta a empresas mexicanas

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    Paula Sánchez-Romeu

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan estrategias de ajuste para hacer frente a choques hipotéticos de oferta y demanda utilizadas por 1 138 empresas mexicanas encuestadas por el Banco de México en 2012. Los resultados del análisis muestran que la respuesta de las empresas ante los dos tipos de choque en general no es simétrica y que éstas reaccionan combinando estrategias (principalmente eligen reducir costos, con lo cual moderan los ajustes a precios y producción. Más competencia hace que las empresas utilicen con más intensidad las estrategias de ajuste y favorece la flexibilidad de los precios. Ante cualquier choque, los costos que más se reducen son los no laborales y los que genera el empleo temporal. Una alta competencia y un mayor porcentaje de costos laborales intensifican el traspaso de los choques al empleo; por el contrario, los acuerdos colectivos de trabajo mitigan dicho traspaso. No se observa un traspaso de los choques a las percepciones salariales, lo cual, aunado a la baja incidencia de la reducción del salario base, evidencia rigidez en los salarios nominales de las empresas entrevistadas.

  18. La escritura académica en la formación en línea de docentes de escuelas públicas mexicanas

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    Sergio Reyes-Angona

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available What is the possible role played by academic literacy skills in the consolidation of educational reforms in Mexico? This article analyzes the case of a continuous professional development online course aimed to develop skills for preventing and reducing school violence. These skills were collaboratively developed through the production of academic texts in a virtual platform. A sample of essays and IMRD reports authored by twenty-six participants were analyzed, and ten participants were interviewed in depth about the texts and their experience in this course. La escritura académica en la formación en línea de docentes de una escuela pública mexicana Sergio Reyes-Angona y Juan Manuel Fernández-Cárdenas Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, Vol. 17, Núm. 2 / IIDE-UABC 2 Although the texts reveal teachers possess underdeveloped skills needed to fully participate in academic communities, the interviews reveal a great potential for dialogue within their own professional communities in order to produce change in their schools.

  19. Factores sociodemográficos asociados a la victimizacióndelictiva en estudiantes universitarios de tres ciudades mexicanas

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    Elsy Claudia Chan-Gamboa

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. ,]HS\\HY SH WYL]HSLUJPH KL SHZ L_WLYPLUJPHZ KL ]PJ[PTPaHJP}U J YPTPUHS ` SVZ MHJ[VYLZ ZVJPVKLTVNYm JVZ asociados en estudiantes universitarios de tres ciudades mexicanas: Chihuahua, Guadalajara y Puebla. M todo. En una muestra no aleatoria participaron 2532 estudiantes de diferentes carreras a trav s de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Se aplic la bater a Encuesta sobre Democracia, Tejido Social y Seguridad Humana, v a electr nica, que contempla 16 formas de victimizaci n, ocurridas en los ltimos seis meses. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias de victimizaci n entre ciudades y por sexo. De destacar, en mujeres, un menor nivel socioecon mico se asoci con m s victimizaci n sexual, acoso y persecuci n. En hombres, a mayor nivel socioecon mico, menos experiencias familiares de suicidio o desapariciones, de lesiones en accidentes viales y de pago por tr mites p blicos. M s experiencias de victimizaci n se asociaron con mayor disposici n a cambiar de lugar de residencia o trabajo, sobre todo para las mujeres. Discusi n. Una mayor victimizaci n criminal se asocia con menor disposici n a permanecer en la ciudad actual de residencia. El nivel socioecon mico aparece como un factor de protecci n (alto nivel o de riesgo (bajo nivel en relaci n con la victimizaci n.

  20. El teatro guiñol, la televisión mexicana y la educación para la salud a mediados del siglo XX

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    María Rosa Gudiño

    Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo rescata la obra de teatro guiñol Las calenturas de Don Ferruco, televisada a finales de la década de 1950 para promover la erradicación del paludismo en México como un útil instrumento de educación para la salud. Se analiza cómo la difusión del teatro guiñol educativo en la televisión mexicana evidenció la necesidad de mantener vigente la enseñanza dirigida a prevenir enfermedades y se subraya la importancia de la televisión como una producción educativa para promover la salud hacia mediados del siglo XX. El artículo muestra los inicios de su uso como una herramienta de especial importancia para lo que posteriormente sería la masificación de los discursos emitidos por la Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia.

  1. Prevalencia de sucesos violentos y de trastorno por estrés postraumático en la población mexicana Prevalence of violent events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Mexican population

    OpenAIRE

    Ma. Elena Medina-Mora; Guilherme Borges-Guimaraes; Carmen Lara; Luciana Ramos-Lira; Joaquín Zambrano; Clara Fleiz-Bautista

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Reportar el índice de exposición a diferentes sucesos violentos, los correlatos demográficos, la prevalencia de trastorno por estrés postraumático y el impacto sobre la calidad de vida. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiología Psiquiátrica es representativa de la población mexicana urbana de 18 a 65 años de edad. Se realizó entre 2001 y 2002, con el instrumento diagnóstico de la versión computarizada de la Entrevista Internacional Compuesta de Diagnóstico (CIDI-15, ...

  2. Una Matriz de Contabilidad Social de México y un análisis estructural de la economía mexicana

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    Gaspar Núñez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo central de este trabajo es el de presentar una Matriz de Contabilidad Social (MCS de la economía mexicana para 1996, detallando la metodología que seguimos para construirla. Ilustramos aquí su utilidad llevando a cabo un análisis estructural básico para estudiar algunos impactos exógenos y aplicando una extensión del modelo de Leontief. Específicamente, computamos la Matriz de Multiplicadores Generalizados para analizar el impacto sobre la distribución del ingreso de un incremento en la demanda agregada uniformemente distribuido, de un incremento en la inversión, de un incremento en las exportaciones y de un aumento en el gasto público en sanidad o educación. Por otra parte, además de constituir una herramienta útil por sí misma y de ser el objeto de estudio de una amplia gama de herramientas del análisis estructural, una MCS también constituye la base de datos sobre la que se diseñan e implementan los modelos de equilibrio general aplicado.

  3. El bienestar social de la niñez mexicana según vínculos migratorios internacionales: una aproximación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Guadalupe Chávez Elorza

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Desde inicios del siglo XXI ha permanecido una visión positiva de los efectos de la migración internacional en la promoción del desarrollo de los países de origen, especialmente de las remesas. Con datos del Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010, se examinan indicadores de bienestar de los niños que viven en hogares con vínculos migratorios internacionales. Usando estadística descriptiva, se examinan las condiciones sociales que prevalecen en los menores vinculados al fenómeno migratorio internacional de mexicanos según presencia de uno o ambos padres en el hogar. Los resultados muestran que la niñez mexicana enfrenta limitaciones sociales con respecto al trabajo infantil, el rezago educativo, la inasistencia escolar y la insuficiencia alimentaria. Y que aquellos que viven en hogares con vínculos migratorios muestran una mayor vulnerabilidad. Lo que implica que el Estado debe diseñar políticas públicas que consideren las características de esta población para mejorar su condición social y de desarrollo.

  4. Mycobiota and mycotoxins in bee pollen collected from different areas of Slovakia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kačániová, Miroslava; Juráček, Miroslav; Chlebo, Róbert; Kňazovická, Vladimíra; Kadasi-Horáková, Miriam; Kunová, Simona; Lejková, Jadža; Haščík, Peter; Mareček, Ján; Simko, Milan

    2011-01-01

    Contamination by microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in different bee pollen samples, which were stored under three different ways of storing as freezing, drying and UV radiation, was investigated. During spring 2009, 45 samples of bee-collected pollen were gathered from beekeepers who placed their bee colonies on monocultures of sunflower, rape and poppy fields within their flying distance. Bee pollen was collected from bees' legs by special devices placed at the entrance to hives. Samples were examined for the concentration and identification of microscopic fungi able to grow on Malt and Czapek-Dox agar and mycotoxins content [deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), zearalenone (ZON) and total aflatoxins (AFL), fumonisins (FUM), ochratoxins (OTA)] by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The total number of microscopic fungi in this study ranged from 2.98 ± 0.02 in frozen sunflower bee pollen to 4.06 ± 0.10 log cfu.g(-1) in sunflower bee pollen after UV radiation. In this study, 449 isolates belonging to 21 fungal species representing 9 genera were found in 45 samples of bee pollen. The total isolates were detected in frozen poppy pollen 29, rape pollen 40, sunflower pollen 80, in dried poppy pollen 12, rape pollen 36, sunflower 78, in poppy pollen after UV radiation treatment 54, rape 59 and sunflower 58. The most frequent isolates of microscopic fungi found in bee pollen samples of all prevalent species were Mucor mucedo (49 isolates), Alternaria alternata (40 isolates), Mucor hiemalis (40 isolates), Aspergillus fumigatus (33 isolates) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (31 isolates). The most frequently found isolates were detected in sunflower bee pollen frozen (80 isolates) and the lowest number of isolates was observed in poppy bee pollen dried (12 isolates). The most prevalent mycotoxin of poppy bee pollen was ZON (361.55 ± 0.26 μg.kg(-1)), in rape bee pollen T-2 toxin (265.40 ± 0.18 μg.kg(-1)) and in sunflower bee pollen T-2 toxin

  5. Visión de la prensa respecto a la situación de adicción entre las mujeres mexicanas, 1997-1999

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Peimbert Reyes

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos obtenidos de una investigación en la que se analizaron los contenidos noticiosos que once periódicos mexicanos publicaron con relacióna las adicciones de las mujeres mexicanas durante los años 1997, 1998 y 1999. El análisis muestra la magnitud en la que fueron abordadas las noticias sobre adicciones así como a los emisores que se pronunciaron al respecto. La investigación utilizó como fuente al Boletín de Información Periodística en Salud, editado por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco. Los hallazgos indican que la prensa publicó escasa información sobre este problema y se dedicó más a difundir datos sobre el número de adictas, muertes y daños que se generan en el feto, durante el embarazo, que a explicar las causas de la adicción y cómo prevenirla.

  6. Ensemble-based ADME-Tox profiling and virtual screening for the discovery of new inhibitors of the Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB2.8ΔCTE.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scala, Angela; Rescifina, Antonio; Micale, Nicola; Piperno, Anna; Schirmeister, Tanja; Maes, Louis; Grassi, Giovanni

    2018-02-01

    In an effort to identify novel molecular warheads able to inhibit Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB2.8ΔCTE, fused benzo[b]thiophenes and β,β'-triketones emerged as covalent inhibitors binding the active site cysteine residue. Enzymatic screening showed a moderate-to-excellent activity (12%-90% inhibition of the target enzyme at 20 μm). The most promising compounds were selected for further profiling including in vitro cell-based assays and docking studies. Computational data suggest that benzo[b]thiophenes act immediately as non-covalent inhibitors and then as irreversible covalent inhibitors, whereas a reversible covalent mechanism emerged for the 1,3,3'-triketones with a Y-topology. Based on the predicted physicochemical and ADME-Tox properties, compound 2b has been identified as a new drug-like, non-mutagen, non-carcinogen, and non-neurotoxic lead candidate. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

  7. Economic-Social Analysis of Global Illicit Drug Trade

    OpenAIRE

    Salahedin Ghaderi

    2003-01-01

    Political unstability, less respect to the role of law, low life standards and suitable conditions for poppy/coca cultivation, have all affected on growing illicit drug international trafficking. Colombia is the center for global cocaine industry. Colombians had to use ship in the Carribean but now they pass Mexico where the costs are half of using ship. Mexican traffickers permit that the domestic poppy plants turned into herion, Colombian cocaine transited to USA and methamephtamine manufac...

  8. Counterproductive counternarcotic strategies? A study of the effects of opium eradication in the presence of imperfect capital markets and sharecropping arrangements

    OpenAIRE

    Andersson, Camilla

    2010-01-01

    In this paper, we model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production at farm level in Afghanistan. Specifically, we examine the impact of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops are produced in sharecropping arrangements. The theoretical analysis suggests that when perfect credit markets are available, an increased risk of having the opium poppy eradicated will lead to less land being allocated to opium poppy. Thus, with perfect ...

  9. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND POLYPHENOL CONTENT OF MALT BEVERAGES ENRICHED WITH BEE POLLEN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Solgajová

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available In food industry, especially among the brewers, using of natural ingredients is increasingly growing demand. Beer is one of the most popular beverages in the world with evident positive effects on the overall health condition. It can be used as a base for developing a variety of products with specific physiological activity. Bee pollen is considered to be one of the possible sources of active ingredients for that purpose. Activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in bee pollen can contribute to the antioxidant potential of beer. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of different types and content of bee pollen on the antioxidant properties of malt beverages and to compare phenolic and flavonoid profiles. The technological process of malt beverages preparation with addition of bee pollen was also verified. It was found out that all beverages enriched with bee pollen had higher polyphenol, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential than control sample – pure wort. The higher antioxidant activities of all extracts was measured in sample R2 - wort with 0.6% of dry rapeseed pollen and sample R4 - wort with 0.6% of frozen rapeseed pollen. The higher phenolic content than in other samples was measured in sample M4 - wort with 0.6% of frozen poppy pollen and sample M1 - wort with 0.256% of dry poppy pollen. Higher total flavonoid content was found out in sample M2 - wort with 0.6% of dry poppy pollen and M4 - wort with 0.6% of frozen poppy pollen. In conclusion, the most noticeable results of antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content were achieved in samples with higher 0.6% addition of bee pollen, mostly poppy (Papaver somniferum L. pollen.

  10. Female Choice Undermines the Emergence of Strong Sexual Isolation between Locally Adapted Populations of Atlantic Mollies (Poecilia mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Zimmer

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Divergent selection between ecologically dissimilar habitats promotes local adaptation, which can lead to reproductive isolation (RI. Populations in the Poecilia mexicana species complex have independently adapted to toxic hydrogen sulfide and show varying degrees of RI. Here, we examined the variation in the mate choice component of prezygotic RI. Mate choice tests across drainages (with stimulus males from another drainage suggest that specific features of the males coupled with a general female preference for yellow color patterns explain the observed variation. Analyses of male body coloration identified the intensity of yellow fin coloration as a strong candidate to explain this pattern, and common-garden rearing suggested heritable population differences. Male sexual ornamentation apparently evolved differently across sulfide-adapted populations, for example because of differences in natural counterselection via predation. The ubiquitous preference for yellow color ornaments in poeciliid females likely undermines the emergence of strong RI, as female discrimination in favor of own males becomes weaker when yellow fin coloration in the respective sulfide ecotype increases. Our study illustrates the complexity of the (partly non-parallel pathways to divergence among replicated ecological gradients. We suggest that future work should identify the genomic loci involved in the pattern reported here, making use of the increasing genomic and transcriptomic datasets available for our study system.

  11. Kharon1 null mutants of Leishmania mexicana are avirulent in mice and exhibit a cytokinesis defect within macrophages.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khoa D Tran

    Full Text Available In a variety of eukaryotes, flagella play important roles both in motility and as sensory organelles that monitor the extracellular environment. In the parasitic protozoan Leishmania mexicana, one glucose transporter isoform, LmxGT1, is targeted selectively to the flagellar membrane where it appears to play a role in glucose sensing. Trafficking of LmxGT1 to the flagellar membrane is dependent upon interaction with the KHARON1 protein that is located at the base of the flagellar axoneme. Remarkably, while Δkharon1 null mutants are viable as insect stage promastigotes, they are unable to survive as amastigotes inside host macrophages. Although Δkharon1 promastigotes enter macrophages and transform into amastigotes, these intracellular parasites are unable to execute cytokinesis and form multinucleate cells before dying. Notably, extracellular axenic amastigotes of Δkharon1 mutants replicate and divide normally, indicating a defect in the mutants that is only exhibited in the intra-macrophage environment. Although the flagella of Δkharon1 amastigotes adhere to the phagolysomal membrane of host macrophages, the morphology of the mutant flagella is often distorted. Additionally, these null mutants are completely avirulent following injection into BALB/c mice, underscoring the critical role of the KHARON1 protein for viability of intracellular amastigotes and disease in the animal model of leishmaniasis.

  12. Benito Fernández de Elena Garro: una mirada crítica sobre la historia mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Bustamante Bermúdez

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available En 1957, Elena Garro escribió la obra teatral Benito Fernández, texto en el que hace una revisión crítica a la historia nacional, el poder, la simulación y la búsqueda de la identidad personal en medio de la sociedad creada a partir de la posrevolución mexicana. La obra de la escritora es un contradiscurso a la oficialidad, a la mitificación de los hechos y héroes nacionales; lo que le interesa es resaltar el carácter racista y clasista de una nueva sociedad de dirigentes políticos en busca del bienestar personal y de grupo por encima del bien colectivo, para ello, opta porque en su obra los personajes se preocupen por comprar una cabeza, es decir, una ideología que les haga saber que existen. In 1957, Elena Garro wrote the play Benito Fernández, a text in which she critically reviews Mexico's national history, issues of power, simulation and the quest for personal identity in the midst of a society emerged in the after effects of the Mexican Revolution. This work is a counter-discourse to Mexico's official narrative and the idealization of facts and national heroes. She is interested in the racist and classist aspects of the new dominating society, which is interested in their own personal welfare over those of the collective. To do so, she makes her characters concerned about buying a head, that is, an ideology to fundament their own existence.

  13. Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Effects of Tilia americana var. mexicana and Flavonoids Constituents in the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí; González-Trujano, María Eva; Aguirre-Hernández, Eva; Ruíz-García, Matilde; Sampieri, Aristides; Coballase-Urrutia, Elvia; Carmona-Aparicio, Liliana

    2014-01-01

    Tilia genus is commonly used around the world for its central nervous system properties; it is prepared as tea and used as tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and analgesic. In this study, anticonvulsant activity of the Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences and leaves was investigated by evaluating organic and aqueous extracts (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg, i.p.) and some flavonoids in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Moreover, antioxidant effect of these extracts and flavonoids was examined in an in vitro study by using spectrophotometric technique. Significant activity was observed in the methanol extract from inflorescences. An HPLC analysis of the methanol extract from inflorescences and leaves of Tilia allowed demonstrating the respective presence of some partial responsible flavonoid constituents: quercetin (20.09 ± 1.20 μg/mg and 3.39 ± 0.10 μg/mg), rutin (3.52 ± 0.21 μg/mg and 8.94 ± 0.45 μg/mg), and isoquercitrin (1.74 ± 0.01 μg/mg and 1.24 ± 0.13 μg/mg). In addition, significant but different antioxidant properties were obtained among the flavonoids and the extracts investigated. Our results provide evidence of the anticonvulsant activity of Tilia reinforcing its utility for central nervous system diseases whose mechanism of action might involve partial antioxidant effects due to the presence of flavonoids. PMID:25197430

  14. Crystal structures of Leishmania mexicana arginase complexed with α,α-disubstituted boronic amino-acid inhibitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hai, Yang; Christianson, David W.

    2016-03-16

    Leishmaniaarginase is a potential drug target for the treatment of leishmaniasis because this binuclear manganese metalloenzyme initiatesde novopolyamine biosynthesis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-arginine to generate L-ornithine and urea. The product L-ornithine subsequently undergoes decarboxylation to yield putrescine, which in turn is utilized for spermidine biosynthesis. Polyamines such as spermidine are essential for the growth and survival of the parasite, so inhibition of enzymes in the polyamine-biosynthetic pathway comprises an effective strategy for treating parasitic infections. To this end, two X-ray crystal structures ofL. mexicanaarginase complexed with α,α-disubstituted boronic amino-acid inhibitors based on the molecular scaffold of 2-(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid are now reported. Structural comparisons with human and parasitic arginase complexes reveal interesting differences in the binding modes of the additional α-substituents,i.e.the D side chains, of these inhibitors. Subtle differences in the three-dimensional contours of the outer active-site rims among arginases from different species lead to different conformations of the D side chains and thus different inhibitor-affinity trends. The structures suggest that it is possible to maintain affinity while fine-tuning intermolecular interactions of the D side chain of α,α-disubstituted boronic amino-acid inhibitors in the search for isozyme-specific and species-specific arginase inhibitors.

  15. Assessing the importance of four sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vectors of Leishmania mexicana in Campeche, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pech-May, A; Peraza-Herrera, G; Moo-Llanes, D A; Escobedo-Ortegón, J; Berzunza-Cruz, M; Becker-Fauser, I; Montes DE Oca-Aguilar, A C; Rebollar-Téllez, E A

    2016-09-01

    Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a public health problem in many areas of Mexico, especially in the Yucatan Peninsula. An understanding of vector ecology and bionomics is of great importance in evaluations of the transmission dynamics of Leishmania parasites. A field study was conducted in the county of Calakmul, state of Campeche, during the period from November 2006 to March 2007. Phlebotomine sandfly vectors were sampled using Centers for Disease Control light traps, baited Disney traps and Shannon traps. A total of 3374 specimens were captured in the two villages of Once de Mayo (93.8%) and Arroyo Negro (6.1%). In Once de Mayo, the most abundant species were Psathyromyia shannoni, Lutzomyia cruciata, Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca and Psychodopygus panamensis (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). The Shannon trap was by far the most efficient method of collection. The infection rate, as determined by Leishmania mexicana-specific polymerase chain reaction, was 0.3% in Once de Mayo and infected sandflies included Psy. panamensis, B. o. olmeca and Psa. shannoni. There were significant differences in human biting rates across sandfly species and month of sampling. Ecological niche modelling analyses showed an overall overlap of 39.1% for the four species in the whole state of Campeche. In addition, the finding of nine vector-reservoir pairs indicates a potential interaction. The roles of the various sandfly vectors in Calakmul are discussed. © 2016 The Royal Entomological Society.

  16. The Mexican electric industry under an opening triangle; La industria electrica mexicana bajo un triangulo de apertura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Suarez Guevara, Sergio [Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1997-12-31

    This document analyzes the electric industry in Mexico in its opening phase, which must be qualified as a strategic activity within the present and future becoming of the Mexican economy. The Mexican electric sector was framed within the National Project born out in the country`s Politic Constitution; where the State economic intervention is driven and induced, with its exclusive duty in strategic activities through public enterprises created for that purpose and as a support of Mexico`s economic and social welfare. Within the opening it should be pointed out the participation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Energy Program, the Development Program and Restructure of the Energy Sector 1995-2000 [Espanol] En el presente documento se analiza la industria electrica en Mexico en su fase de apertura, la cual debe calificarse como una actividad estrategica dentro del devenir presente y futuro de la economia mexicana. El sector electrico mexicano se enmarco dentro del Proyecto Nacional que nace en la Constitucion Politica del pais; donde se impulsa e induce la intervencion economica del Estado, con su quehacer exclusivo en actividades estrategicas, por medio de empresas publicas creadas para tal fin y en apoyo del bienestar economico y social de Mexico. Dentro de la apertura hay que senalar la participacion que tiene el Tratado de Libre Comercio, el Programa de Energia y el Programa de Desarrollo y Reestructuracion del Sector Energia 1995-2000

  17. Adiposidade corporal, mas não resistência insulínica, associa-se ao polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene PAI-1 em uma amostra de crianças mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulises de la Cruz-Mosso

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Elaboramos este estudo para avaliar se o polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene inibidor 1 do ativador do plasminogênio se associa à obesidade e à resistência insulínica em crianças mexicanas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 174 crianças, 89 delas com peso normal e 85 obesas, variando sua idade de 6 a 13 anos. Todas as crianças eram do estado de Guerrero e foram recrutadas de três escolas primárias na cidade de Chilpancingo, México. Os níveis de insulina foram determinados por prova imunoenzimática. Foi usado o modelo de avaliação da homeostase para determinar resistência insulínica. O polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene PAI-1 foi analisado pelo método reação de polimerase em cadeia-polimorfismo no comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de resistência insulínica no grupo obeso foi mais alta (49,41% do que no grupo com peso normal (16,85%. O polimorfismo 4G/5G do PAI-1 foi encontrado em equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg. O genótipo 4G/5G contribuiu para um aumento significativo da relação cintura-quadril (β = 0,02, p = 0,006, da circunferência da cintura (β = 4,42, p = 0,009 e da espessura da prega subescapular (β = 1,79, p = 0,04, mas não se relacionou com a resistência insulínica. CONCLUSÃO: O genótipo -675 4G/5G do gene PAI-1 se associou a aumento da adiposidade corporal em crianças mexicanas.

  18. Papers of the Third Annual Congress of the Mexican Nuclear Society, C.A.; Memorias del Tercer Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana, A.C.

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1992-11-01

    Once again the Sociedad Nuclear Mexicana fulfill its annual Congress being this time the installations of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas the place for the event with a collection of forty documents in the following areas: modelling of nuclear systems, expert systems, dosimetry, experimentation and fuel cycle among others. This significant number of papers is a sample of the great interest of the nuclear community in the participation in this forum presenting its more recent works. The participants belongs to the main institutions in the country dedicated to the technological development of the nuclear area in its different branches. Our best wishes are that this event allows not only the exchange of ideas and the knowledge of the type of works that other colleagues are developing, but also to present the opportunity to live together in a pleasant environment where the main ingredient be the surmounting spirit. We welcome all the participants to the Third Congress of our Society. (Author).

  19. Características tecnológicas de la madera de palo morado (Peltogyne mexicana Martínez de tierra colorada, Guerrero, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Navarro-Martínez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de las características y propiedades tecnológicas de la madera de Palo morado (Peltogyne mexicana Martínez, mediante la caracterización anatómica, porcentaje de elementos y determinación de las propiedades físicas y tres mecánicas. Se colectaron dos árboles en Tierra Colorada Guerrero. El material se obtuvo de trozas a 1.30 m de altura. Para el estudio macroscópico se usaron muestras de 7 x 15 x 1 cm y para el microscópico se elaboraron preparaciones fijas de cortes y de material disociado. La madera presenta un color violeta intenso, porosidad difusa, parénquima en bandas y aliforme confluente con cristales, los elementos de vaso son cortos de diámetro medio, con inclusiones, rayos uniseriados, biseriados, triseriados y raramente multiseriados; las fibras son de tipo libriforme de longitud media, diámetro fino y pared gruesa, presenta densidad básica, contracciones y dureza alta.

  20. Não-reeleição, laicidade do Estado e luta pela terra: reflexões sobre a vigência de três postulados da Revolução Mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available

    O artigo explora e reflete sobre três reivindicações fundamentais no contexto da revolução mexicana: (i o principio da não-reeleição dos governantes, (ii a laicidade do Estado, e (iii a luta pela terra e pela justiça social nas áreas rurais. As três reivindicações citadas acabaram sendo incorporadas na Constituição de 1917, e implementadas de forma mais ou menos exitosa no período pós-revolucionário. O texto acrescenta que aquelas reivindicações continuam vigentes no inicio do século XXI no México e em outros países latino-americanos.

  1. Is there a relationship between fledge age and nest temperature in Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana)?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Phillips, Emily Marie [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Thompson, Brent E. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Hathcock, Charles Dean [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    2017-11-30

    Extensive research has been done on temperature during bird incubation periods, but little has been done during nestling development, and to our knowledge, no studies have been done on Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) nestling development. In this study, dataloggers were used to monitor nest temperatures during the nestling development phase of Western Bluebirds to determine if there was a relationship between fledge age and temperature. The study was conducted in an existing nestbox network at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the surrounding area in north-central New Mexico. Based on the age of the nestlings at fledging, the nestboxes (n=65) were split into three groups: early (16 and 17 days old, n=13), average (fledged at or between 18 and 20 days old, n=32), and late (21 days or older, n=20). The temperatures of the early and average (n=45) groups were not significantly different (p=0.32, W=3831000). There was a significant difference in the temperatures between the early and late groups (p=0.000, W=2965600). The early and average groups were then combined, tested against the late group, and were found to be significantly different (p=0.000, W=11315000). Analysis showed a difference within the first seven days post-hatch of 1.42°C between the early/average and late groupings. The results suggest that warmer nest temperatures during the nestling stage may influence the fledge date and may lead to faster fledging. There may be numerous explanations for this, such as a correlation with nestling development, and higher temperatures may allow for faster development. Brood size was non-significant and was not factored into the analysis. Future work should be directed in this area.

  2. La población mexicana censada en 2010 y su comparación con las proyecciones demográficas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Mina Valdés

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una comparación de los datos obtenidos en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 y la proyección para ese mismo año del Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO. Se analizarán las diferencias desde una perspectiva demográfica por grupos de edades y por sexo a nivel nacional. Previo al análisis demográfico de los resultados censales, se evalúa la calidad de los datos asociados a la declaración de edades de la población, así como su corrección y ajuste al 30 de junio del año 2010 y, con ello, se hace la comparación con las proyecciones de CONAPO. Se destaca la aplicación de técnicas demográficas que estiman las deficiencias en la declaración de edades por parte de la población censada en el año 2010, así como las técnicas empleadas en la desagregación de grupos quinquenales a edades individuales de la población mexicana, lo que se ilustra en las pirámides de edades que reflejan las diferencias del censo y las proyecciones de CONAPO.

  3. Tradição letrada e cinema mudo: em torno de algumas crônicas mexicanas de começos do século XX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam V. Gárate

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Durante o período em que o cinema surge e se desenvolve como espetáculo mudo, a reflexão acerca de suas as relações com a escrita e, em um sentido mais amplo, com a linguagem verbal, organiza-se basicamente em torno a três eixos: graus de afinidade ou discrepância existentes entre os gêneros literários utilizados como fonte e os atributos da imagem cinematográfica; função dos letreiros nesse contexto; potencialidades e limitações "inerentes" às linguagens cinético-visual e verbal. O tratamento dado a essas questões em algumas crônicas mexicanas das primeiras décadas do século XX revela as tensões internas, resistências e mudanças de ótica dos setores letrados perante a nova arte.Durante el período en que el cine surge y se desarrolla como espectáculo mudo, la reflexión acerca de sus relaciones con la escritura y, en un sentido amplio, con el lenguaje verbal, se organiza básicamente en torno a tres ejes: grados de afinidad o discrepancia existentes entre los géneros literarios utilizados como fuente y los atributos de la imagen cinematográfica; función de los letreros en ese contexto; potencialidades y limitaciones "inherentes" a los lenguajes cinetico-visual y verbal. El tratamiento dado a estas cuestiones en algunas crónicas mexicanas de las primeras décadas del siglo XX revela las tensiones internas, resistencias y cambios de óptica de los sectores letrados frente al nuevo arte.During the period in which the cinema emerges and develops as a silent spectacle, the reflection about its relation with the written language and, in a broader sense, with verbal language, is basically organized around three axes: degrees of affinity or discrepancy among the literary genres used as sources and the attributes of cinematographic language; the function of subtitles in this context; the potentialities and limitation "inherent" to the visual-kinetic and verbal languages. The way these issues were dealt with in the Mexican

  4. Economic-Social Analysis of Global Illicit Drug Trade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salahedin Ghaderi

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available Political unstability, less respect to the role of law, low life standards and suitable conditions for poppy/coca cultivation, have all affected on growing illicit drug international trafficking. Colombia is the center for global cocaine industry. Colombians had to use ship in the Carribean but now they pass Mexico where the costs are half of using ship. Mexican traffickers permit that the domestic poppy plants turned into herion, Colombian cocaine transited to USA and methamephtamine manufactured and distributed. Golden triangle in southeast Asia is one of the major regions for opium poppy cultivation. This region has seen many guerrilla warfare for selling illicit drugs especially in Myanmar. Manufactured hroin is usually dealt in Thailand. Golden Crescent region in southwest Asia has a suitable climate for opium poppy cultivation which provides necessay money for purchasing needed weapons by rival groups in northwestern border provinces of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Nigeria is one of the main centers for transporting heroin from Golden Crescent and cocaine from Brazil. Dominics run cocaine trade in New York and New England and Afro-American criminal organizations conduct heroin trading in big cities such as New york, Detroit, Chicago, Phila Delphia and Washington. Street trading of illicit drugs is mainly done by cultural or commanding gangs. Illicit drug traffickers apply many methods to laundering their profits including money exchange, smurfs, electronic transferring, and faced firms (the firms that are only registered.

  5. The Hidden Habit of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana: First Demonstration of Vertical Plant Transmission

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quesada-Moraga, Enrique; López-Díaz, Cristina; Landa, Blanca Beatriz

    2014-01-01

    Beauveria bassiana strain 04/01-Tip, obtained from a larva of the opium poppy stem gall wasp Iraella luteipes (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae), endophytically colonizes opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants and protects them against this pest. The goal of this study was to monitor the dynamics of endophytic colonization of opium poppy by B. bassiana after the fungus was applied to the seed and to ascertain whether the fungus is transmitted vertically via seeds. Using a species-specific nested PCR protocol and DNA extracted from surface-sterilised leaf pieces or seeds of B. bassiana-inoculated opium poppy plants, the fungus was detected within the plant beginning at the growth stage of rosette building and them throughout the entire plant growth cycle (about 120–140 days after sowing). The fungus was also detected in seeds from 50% of the capsules sampled. Seeds that showed positive amplification for B. bassiana were planted in sterile soil and the endophyte was again detected in more than 42% of the plants sampled during all plant growth stages. Beauveria bassiana was transmitted to seeds in 25% of the plants from the second generation that formed a mature capsule. These results demonstrate for the first time the vertical transmission of an entomopathogenic fungus from endophytically colonised maternal plants. This information is crucial to better understand the ecological role of entomopathogenic fungi as plant endophytes and may allow development of a sustainable and cost effective strategy for I. luteipes management in P. somniferum. PMID:24551242

  6. The hidden habit of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: first demonstration of vertical plant transmission.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quesada-Moraga, Enrique; López-Díaz, Cristina; Landa, Blanca Beatriz

    2014-01-01

    Beauveria bassiana strain 04/01-Tip, obtained from a larva of the opium poppy stem gall wasp Iraella luteipes (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae), endophytically colonizes opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants and protects them against this pest. The goal of this study was to monitor the dynamics of endophytic colonization of opium poppy by B. bassiana after the fungus was applied to the seed and to ascertain whether the fungus is transmitted vertically via seeds. Using a species-specific nested PCR protocol and DNA extracted from surface-sterilised leaf pieces or seeds of B. bassiana-inoculated opium poppy plants, the fungus was detected within the plant beginning at the growth stage of rosette building and them throughout the entire plant growth cycle (about 120-140 days after sowing). The fungus was also detected in seeds from 50% of the capsules sampled. Seeds that showed positive amplification for B. bassiana were planted in sterile soil and the endophyte was again detected in more than 42% of the plants sampled during all plant growth stages. Beauveria bassiana was transmitted to seeds in 25% of the plants from the second generation that formed a mature capsule. These results demonstrate for the first time the vertical transmission of an entomopathogenic fungus from endophytically colonised maternal plants. This information is crucial to better understand the ecological role of entomopathogenic fungi as plant endophytes and may allow development of a sustainable and cost effective strategy for I. luteipes management in P. somniferum.

  7. Assessing Installation Ethnobotanical Resources Using Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) Data: A Fort Riley, Kansas, Case Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    1998-07-01

    incarnata S F Carya illinoensis G L Asclepias stenophylla S B Ceanothus herbaceus S B Asclepias syriaca S B Ceanothus oliganthus S L Asclepias tuberosa S...cannabinum S B Carex retroflexa G F Argemone polyanthemos S F Carex vulpinoidea S F Artemisia ludoviciana S B Carya cordiformis S B Asclepias...longipilum G B Descurainia pinnata S F Hordeum pusillum G F Descurainia sophia S F Hymenopappus scabiosaeus G B Desmanthus illinoensis S B Hypericum

  8. Surge en mi otra mujer: significados del consumo de alcohol en mujeres mexicanas Surge em mim outra mulher: significados do consumo de álcool em mulheres mexicanas Another woman comes up in me: Meanings of alcohol consumption in Mexican women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Cortaza Ramírez

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo. Tiene como objetivo intentar comprender los significados que las mujeres mexicanas atribuyen al consumo de alcohol . El referencial metodológico fue el estudio del caso, bajo la perspectiva teórica del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Participaron en este estudio 10 mujeres. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante entrevista semi-estructurada. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, trascritas, codificadas y categorizadas, tomando como referencia el análisis del contenido. Los resultados pusieron en evidencia que el alcohol "despertaba en ella" a otra persona que ellas querían ser; razón por la cual continuaban el patrón de consumo , cada vez en niveles más elevados. Bajo el Interaccionismo Simbólico se observó que el "yo" de estas mujeres se encontraba restringido por la demandas del cotidiano, consolidando un yo que atendía más a las expectativas socio-culturales (mi que las de la propia persona (el yo. El alcohol estimulaba la expresión de su "yo", y descubrían que tenían otra persona dentro de sí, que no se manifestaba normalmente.Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com objetivo de compreender os significados que as mulheres mexicanas atribuem ao consumo de álcool. O referencial metodológico foi o estudo de caso, sob a perspectiva do Interacionismo Simbólico. Participaram do estudo dez mulheres. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevista semi-estruturada. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas, codificadas e categorizadas, tomando como referência a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o álcool "despertava" nelas a "outra pessoa" que elas queriam ser, razão pela qual mantinham o consumo, cujo padrão ocorria em níveis cada vez mais elevados. Sob o interacionismo simbólico, observou-se que o Eu dessas mulheres encontrava-se restringido pelas demandas do cotidiano, consolidando um "self" que atendia mais às expectativas s

  9. De héroes, naciones milenarias y guerras fratricidas. Tres mitos fundacionales en tres relatos historiográficos de la nación mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Javier Linares Londoño

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available La interpretación canónica de la independencia de México explica los hechos que van de 1810 a 1821 como la emancipación de la nación mexicana, pueblo milenario que remonta su identidad nacional a los mexicas, habitantes del Valle de México, antes de la llegada de los españoles. Por trescientos años el pueblo fue oprimido bajo el yugo español, y logra su independencia gracias al movimiento nacionalista de sus héroes. Esta interpretación construida por los relatos historiográficos del siglo XIX, está basada en loque llamaré los mitos fundacionales de la nación: el mito de la nación milenaria, el mito de loshéroes y el mito de la pugna irreconciliable entre criollos y españoles. La historiografía decimonónica difundirá estos mitos con la firme intención de legitimar el movimiento independentista y de dotar de un relato homogéneo a la naciente nación.

  10. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: recomendaciones de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Huerta-Iga

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Los nuevos conceptos en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE y los constantes avances tecnológicos aplicados al diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta condición clínica hacen necesarias la revisión frecuente y la actualización de guías clínicas, recomendaciones y posturas oficiales de los principales organismos académicos a nivel mundial. La Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología, consciente de esta responsabilidad, reúne a los expertos nacionales de este tema para analizar la evidencia científica más reciente y construir una serie de recomendaciones prácticas para orientar y facilitar el proceso diagnóstico y el tratamiento eficaz de los pacientes afectados por esta enfermedad. Se incluyen algoritmos, diagramas de flujo, cuadros y tablas que concentran estas recomendaciones y se agregan opiniones sobre el manejo de la ERGE en poblaciones sensibles como las mujeres embarazadas y las personas de la tercera edad.

  11. Exposición a Estreptococo del grupo B en mujeres mexicanas en edad reproductiva Serologic evidence of high exposure to Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae in Mexican women of reproductive age

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Palacios-Saucedo

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de la infección por Estreptococo del grupo B (EGB en una muestra representativa de mujeres en edad reproductiva de la República Mexicana. Material y métodos. Se estudió una muestra representativa de sueros de la población femenina mexicana de 15 a 40 años de edad, de todos los niveles socioeconómicos. La muestra fue seleccionada del Banco Nacional de Sueros por muestreo aleatorio simple por computadora. Los sueros se obtuvieron durante la última encuesta seroepidemiológica nacional realizada en 1987 y 1988. Los ensayos para la estandarización y la evaluación de la seroprevalencia se llevaron a cabo en el Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS entre enero y noviembre de 1995. Se midieron anticuerpos IgG antipolisacárido de grupo de EGB usando un ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA estandarizado y validado en el laboratorio, utilizando un antígeno específico de grupo, producido y purificado a partir de la cepa de referencia de EGB 110. Resultados. Se estudió un total de 2 669 muestras de suero, de las cuales 2 405 fueron positivas para la presencia de anticuerpos IgG contra el antígeno de grupo de EGB. Esto corresponde a una seroprevalencia de 90.2 %. No hubo diferencia en los porcentajes de seropositividad por grupos de edad ni por entidades federativas. Conclusiones. Se detectó una elevada prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el antígeno de grupo del EGB. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que existe una elevada exposición de las mujeres mexicanas jóvenes a este microrganismo.Objective. To assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Group B streptococci (GBS among women of reproductive age in Mexico. Material and Methods. Serum specimens were drawn from 15 to 40 year-old women, representative of all regions and socioeconomic levels of the country. The sample was randomly selected from Banco Nacional de Sueros (National

  12. FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. AND DETERMINATION OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ALKALOIDS USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

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    Marián Valko

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available The free radical generation is related to the oxidation process in biological systems as well as in foods. It was found that oxidation is affected by antioxidants that can act as radical scavengers. Objective of the present work was to study the free radical scavenging capacity of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. extract by using the DPPH test and to verify the suitability of the micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC technique for analytical assessment and determination of three major poppy alkaloids (thebaine, morphine and papaverine. Because of its generally high separation efficiency, the MEKC is successfully used for analytical evaluation of biologically active substances usually without special claims for sample preparation. The results of DPPH test have shown that poppy contains components capable of terminating free radicals. We have confirmed that nature of the solvent used for the electrophoretic medium in MEKC has a strong influence on the separation efficiency. In our experiments, the most effective solvent was mixture of water to acetonitrile (ratio 4:6.

  13. Dynamic extrafloral nectar production: the timing of leaf damage affects the defensive response in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii (Fabaceae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Ian M; Koptur, Suzanne

    2015-01-01

    • Extrafloral nectar (EFN) mediates food for protection mutualisms between plants and defensive insects. Understanding sources of variation in EFN production is important because such variations may affect the number and identity of visitors and the effectiveness of plant defense. We investigated the influence of plant developmental stage, time of day, leaf age, and leaf damage on EFN production in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii. The observed patterns of variation in EFN production were compared with those predicted by optimal defense theory.• Greenhouse experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine how plant age, time of day, and leaf damage affected EFN production. A subsequent field study was conducted to determine how leaf damage, and the resulting increase in EFN production, affected ant visitation in S. chapmanii.• More nectar was produced at night and by older plants. Leaf damage resulted in increased EFN production, and the magnitude of the response was greater in plants damaged in the morning than those damaged at night. Damage to young leaves elicited a stronger defensive response than damage to older leaves, in line with optimal defense theory. Damage to the leaves of S. chapmanii also resulted in significantly higher ant visitation in the field.• Extrafloral nectar is an inducible defense in S. chapmanii. Developmental variations in its production support the growth differentiation balance hypothesis, while within-plant variations and damage responses support optimal defense theory. © 2015 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

  14. Evaluación de la competencia digital en estudiantes de comunicación. El caso de una universidad mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abel Antonio Grijalva Verdugo

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available La adquisición de saberes digitales, así como la promoción de pensamiento crítico para la gestión de la dieta de medios, son urgencias de las actuales sociedades mediáticas. En ese sentido, los comunicadores juegan un papel importante en la configuración de dichos mecanismos, pues son mediadores y generadores de estructuras comunicativas dentro de las ecologías hipercomunicadas recientes. Así, esta investigación analiza los niveles de competencia digital en estudiantes de comunicación de una universidad mexicana. Para proceder con la propuesta se utilizó como soporte teórico el Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente (europeo 2017, se reportan los hallazgos sobre dos de las cinco áreas que integran tal marco: 1 información y alfabetización informacional y 2 creación de contenidos digitales. Para el análisis, los sujetos son agrupados en universidad baja y universidad alta en función de su grado de avance en la carrera con la intención de buscar posibles relaciones entre los años de escolaridad y la competencia digital que poseen. Para tal fin, fueron empleadas pruebas no paramétricas (Chi-cuadrado y Test Exacto de Fisher. Los resultados arrojan que no necesariamente avanzar en los estudios universitarios representa la adquisición de la competencia estudiada.

  15. Identificación Étnica de los Mexicanos en Estados Unidos de América. Algunos Elementos hacia una Nueva Política Exterior con la Diáspora Mexicana

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    Jerjes Izcoatl Aguirre Ochoa

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Bajo la premisa de realizar una reflexión sobre los procesos de identificación étnica de los migrantes mexicanos que residen en Estados Unidos así como del papel que juega la política migratoria de México y Estados Unidos. El presente artículo muestra como los migrantes mexicanos viven una constante lucha por incorporarse a la sociedad norteamericana, sin embargo, es debido a cuestiones económicas, educativas y de temporalidad que dicho proceso ocasiona que nuestros paisanos adopten actitudes étnicas diferentes. Esa diferencia ocasiona la necesidad de una política migratoria mexicana que respete e incluya los distintos perfiles de identidad étnica de la población migrante, los vincule entre ellos y los una más con nuestro país.

  16. Ergosterone-coupled Triazol molecules trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and acidocalcisomal Ca2+ release in Leishmania mexicana promastigotes

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    Figarella K

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes a variety of sicknesses with different clinical manifestations known as leishmaniasis. The chemotherapy currently in use is not adequate because of their side effects, resistance occurrence, and recurrences. Investigations looking for new targets or new active molecules focus mainly on the disruption of parasite specific pathways. In this sense, ergosterol biosynthesis is one of the most attractive because it does not occur in mammals. Here, we report the synthesis of ergosterone coupled molecules and the characterization of their biological activity on Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Molecule synthesis involved three steps: ergosterone formation using Jones oxidation, synthesis of Girard reagents, and coupling reaction. All compounds were obtained in good yield and high purity. Results show that ergosterone-triazol molecules (Erg-GTr and Erg-GTr2 exhibit an antiproliferative effect in low micromolar range with a selectivity index ~10 when compared to human dermic fibroblasts. Addition of Erg-GTr or Erg-GTr2 to parasites led to a rapid [Ca2+]cyt increase and acidocalcisomes alkalinization, indicating that Ca2+ was released from this organelle. Evaluation of cell death markers revealed some apoptosis-like indicators, as phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA damage, and cytosolic vacuolization and autophagy exacerbation. Furthermore, mitochondrion hyperpolarization and superoxide production increase were detected already 6 hours after drug addition, denoting that oxidative stress is implicated in triggering the observed phenotype. Taken together our results indicate that ergosterone-triazol coupled molecules induce a regulated cell death process in the parasite and may represent starting point molecules in the search of new chemotherapeutic agents to combat leishmaniasis.

  17. Fruit and vegetable intake in the Mexican population: results from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 Consumo de frutas y verduras en la población mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivonne Ramírez-Silva

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To quantify fruit and vegetable (FV dietary intake in the Mexican population and compliance with international recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: FV dietary intake (FV-DI and compliance with international recommendations were obtained in a representative sample of a Mexican population ages 1-59 years old using dietary data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006. RESULTS: Average FV-DI for different age groups range from 61 to 72 g for fruits and 26 to 56 g for vegetables. Average total FV intakes were 88.7 g in preschool-age, 103.1 g in school-aged children, 116.3 g in adolescents and 122.6 g in adults. The lowest intakes were observed in the northern region and among the population with the lowest wellbeing levels. CONCLUSIONS: Less than 30% of the Mexican population had adequate intakes of FV. Developing and implementing strategies aimed at increasing intake of these food groups is a national priority.OBJETIVO: Cuantificar la ingestión dietética de frutas y verduras y el apego a recomendaciones internacionales en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La ingestión dietética de frutas y verduras y el apego a recomendaciones fueron obtenidas en una muestra representativa de la población mexicana de entre 1 a 59 años de edad, usando datos sobre dieta de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006. RESULTADOS: Los promedios de ingestión dietética para los diversos grupos de edad fluctuaron entre 61 y 72 g en frutas y 26 y 56 g en verduras. Los promedios de ingestión dietética total de frutas y verduras fueron: 87.5 g en preescolares, 103.1 g en escolares, 116.3 g en adolescentes y 122.6 g en adultos. Los menores consumos se observaron en la región norte y en la población con los menores niveles de bienestar. CONCLUSIONES: Menos de 30% de la población tuvo consumos adecuados. El desarrollo e implementación de estrategias y programas que contribuyan a aumentar el

  18. Tendencies in the energy consumption and in the carbon dioxide emissions in the Mexican cement industry; Tendencias del consumo de energia y emisiones de bioxido de carbono de la industria cementera mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ozawa M, Leticia; Sheinbaum P, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1996-12-31

    This paper analyzes the changes occurred in the energy consumption and carbon dioxide in the Mexican cement industry. For this purpose, the energy consumption and the emissions are broken up into three types of changes that affect the energy demand of an industry: activity, structure and energy intensity. According to this analysis it is found that the Mexican cement industry has suffered an important reduction in the energy intensity as a result of the disappearance, almost complete, of the wet production process, of the increment in the production of pozzolanic cement and in the opening of new high technology industries. With respect to the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions it does not decrease at the same rate than the energy intensity due to the increased consumption of the fuel oil over the natural gas. At the end of this paper an international comparison is presented of the energy specific consumption and of its emissions. [Espanol] En este articulo se analizan los cambios ocurridos en el consumo de energia y emisiones de bioxido de carbono de la industria cementera mexicana. Para ello, se desagrega el consumo de energia y las emisiones en tres tipos de cambios que influyen en la demanda energetica de una industria: actividad, estructura, e intensidad energetica. De acuerdo con este analisis se encuentra que la industria cementera mexicana ha sufrido un importante decremento en la intensidad energetica producto de la desaparicion, casi por completo, del proceso de produccion por via humeda, del incremento en la produccion del cemento puzolanico y de la apertura de nuevas industrias con alta tecnologia. Por su parte, la intensidad en las emisiones de bioxido de carbono no disminuye a la misma tasa que la intensidad energetica debido al incremento en el uso del combustoleo sobre el gas natural. Al final del articulo se presenta una comparacion internacional del consumo especifico de energia y de las emisiones.

  19. Tendencies in the energy consumption and in the carbon dioxide emissions in the Mexican cement industry; Tendencias del consumo de energia y emisiones de bioxido de carbono de la industria cementera mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ozawa M, Leticia; Sheinbaum P, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1997-12-31

    This paper analyzes the changes occurred in the energy consumption and carbon dioxide in the Mexican cement industry. For this purpose, the energy consumption and the emissions are broken up into three types of changes that affect the energy demand of an industry: activity, structure and energy intensity. According to this analysis it is found that the Mexican cement industry has suffered an important reduction in the energy intensity as a result of the disappearance, almost complete, of the wet production process, of the increment in the production of pozzolanic cement and in the opening of new high technology industries. With respect to the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions it does not decrease at the same rate than the energy intensity due to the increased consumption of the fuel oil over the natural gas. At the end of this paper an international comparison is presented of the energy specific consumption and of its emissions. [Espanol] En este articulo se analizan los cambios ocurridos en el consumo de energia y emisiones de bioxido de carbono de la industria cementera mexicana. Para ello, se desagrega el consumo de energia y las emisiones en tres tipos de cambios que influyen en la demanda energetica de una industria: actividad, estructura, e intensidad energetica. De acuerdo con este analisis se encuentra que la industria cementera mexicana ha sufrido un importante decremento en la intensidad energetica producto de la desaparicion, casi por completo, del proceso de produccion por via humeda, del incremento en la produccion del cemento puzolanico y de la apertura de nuevas industrias con alta tecnologia. Por su parte, la intensidad en las emisiones de bioxido de carbono no disminuye a la misma tasa que la intensidad energetica debido al incremento en el uso del combustoleo sobre el gas natural. Al final del articulo se presenta una comparacion internacional del consumo especifico de energia y de las emisiones.

  20. De héroes, naciones milenarias y guerras fratricidas. Tres mitos fundacionales en tres relatos historiográficos de la nación mexicana About heroes, ancient nations and fratricidal wars: Three foundational myths in three Mexican nation's historiographic stories

    OpenAIRE

    Óscar Javier Linares Londoño

    2010-01-01

    La interpretación canónica de la independencia de México explica los hechos que van de 1810 a 1821 como la emancipación de la nación mexicana, pueblo milenario que remonta su identidad nacional a los mexicas, habitantes del Valle de México, antes de la llegada de los españoles. Por trescientos años el pueblo fue oprimido bajo el yugo español, y logra su independencia gracias al movimiento nacionalista de sus héroes. Esta interpretación construida por los relatos historiográficos del siglo XIX...

  1. Innovación en valor en la industria cárnica bovina mexicana: estrategias que adoptan los líderes de mercado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Guadalupe López Palacios

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis de las estrategias de innovación en valor que permiten el posicionamiento competitivo de las empresas cárnicas mexicanas líderes de mercado en carne de bovino. Con base en la metodología propuesta por W. C. Kim y R. Mauborgne (2005, conocida como la estrategia del océano azul, se diseñaron nueve categorías con sus respectivas variables para la construcción de los mapas estratégicos de diez empresas seleccionadas. En los mapas se muestran los rubros en que más invierte la industria cárnica bovina en México: los factores de la producción animal que inciden directamente en la calidad de la carne (raza, edad, peso, finalización, la presentación del producto y la diversificación de mercados. Sin embargo, lo que distingue a estas empresas es la forma en que integran su cadena productiva, la gama de productos que ofrecen, los programas y certificaciones en materia de inocuidad que han aplicado u obtenido, los servicios que ofrecen a sus clientes, y las estrategias de mercado que emplean.

  2. In-planta detection and monitorization of endophytic colonization by a Beauveria bassiana strain using a new-developed nested and quantitative PCR-based assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Landa, B B; López-Díaz, C; Jiménez-Fernández, D; Montes-Borrego, M; Muñoz-Ledesma, F J; Ortiz-Urquiza, A; Quesada-Moraga, E

    2013-10-01

    Beauveria bassiana strain 04/01-Tip obtained from larvae of the opium poppy stem gall Iraella luteipes endophytically colonizes opium poppy plants and protect it against this pest. Development of a specific, rapid and sensitive technique that allows accurately determining the process and factors leading to the establishment of this strain in opium poppy plants would be essential to achieve its efficient control in a large field scale. For that purpose in the present study, species-specific primers that can be used in conventional or quantitative PCR protocols were developed for specifically identification and detection of B. bassiana in plant tissues. The combination of the designed BB.fw/BB.rv primer set with the universal ITS1-F/ITS4 primer set in a two-step nested-PCR approach, has allowed the amplification of up to 10fg of B. bassiana. This represented an increase in sensitivity of 10000- and 1000-fold of detection than when using the BB.fw/BB.rv primers in a single or single-tube semi-nested PCR approaches, respectively. The BB.fw and BB.rv primer set were subsequently optimized to be used in real time quantitative PCR assays and allowed to accurately quantify B. bassiana DNA in different plant DNA backgrounds (leaves and seeds) without losing accuracy and efficiency. The qPCR protocol was used to monitor the endophytic colonization of opium poppy leaves byB. bassiana after inoculation with the strain EABb 04/01-Tip, detecting as low as 26fg of target DNA in leaves and a decrease in fungal biomass over time. PCR quantification data were supported in parallel with CLMS by the monitoring of spatial and temporal patterns of leaf and stem colonization using a GFP-tagged transformant of the B. bassiana EABb 04/01-Tip strain, which enabled to demonstrate that B. bassiana effectively colonizes aerial tissues of opium poppy plants mainly through intercellular spaces and even leaf trichomes. A decline in endophytic colonization was also observed by the last sampling

  3. DIABETES MELLITUS COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO DE DEMENCIA EN LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA MAYOR MEXICANA

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silvia, Mejía-Arango; Clemente, y Zúñiga-Gil

    2012-01-01

    Introduccion La diabetes mellitus y las demencias constituyen dos problemas crecientes de salud entre la población adulta mayor del mundo y en particular de los paises en desarrollo. Hacen falta estudios longitudinales sobre el papel de la diabetes como factor de riesgo para demencia. Objetivo Determinar el riesgo de demencia en sujetos Mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y Metodos Los sujetos diabéticos libres de demencia pertenecientes al Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México fueron evaluados a los dos años de la línea de base. Se estudió el papel de los factores sociodemográficos, de otras comorbilidades y del tipo de tratamiento en la conversión a demencia. Resultados Durante la línea de base 749 sujetos (13.8%) tuvieron diabetes. El riesgo de desarrollar demencia en estos individuos fue el doble (RR, 2.08 IC 95%, 1.59–2.73). Se encontró un riesgo mayor en individuos de 80 años y más (RR 2.44 IC 95%, 1.46–4.08), en los hombres (RR, 2.25 IC 95%, 1.46–3.49) y en sujetos con nivel educativo menor de 7 años. El estar bajo tratamiento con insulina incrementó el riesgo de demencia (RR, 2.83, IC 95%, 1.58–5.06). Las otras comorbilidades que aumentaron el riesgo de demencia en los pacientes diabéticos fueron la hipertensión (RR, 2.75, IC 95%, 1.86–4.06) y la depresión (RR, 3.78, 95% IC 2.37–6.04). Conclusión Los sujetos con diabetes mellitus tienen un riesgo mayor de desarrollar demencia, La baja escolaridad y otras comorbilidades altamente prevalentes en la población Mexicana contribuyen a la asociación diabetes-demencia. PMID:21948010

  4. Validez interna y utilidad diagnóstica del Eating Disorders Inventory en mujeres mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-García Eduardo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica y la validez interna del Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2 en mujeres mexicanas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De octubre de 2000 a enero de 2001 se invitó a participar a todas las mujeres que a juicio de los psiquiatras de la consulta de anorexia del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, de la Ciudad de México, padecían anorexia nervosa o bulimia, sin otra patología psiquiátrica. Es un estudio observacional, comparativo, transversal y prolectivo de dos grupos de mujeres: pacientes de la Clínica de Anorexia del Instituto y de una escuela de la Ciudad de México. Se realizó una entrevista clínica estructurada como estándar de oro (SCID/Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales y la aplicación del Eating Disorder Inventory. El análisis estadístico incluyó t de Student para muestras independientes, coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias significativas en peso, talla e índice de masa corporal entre los grupos. La edad de las mujeres sin trastorno alimentario fue menor (16.7±2.8 vs. 19.9±4.3, p=0.004. La calificación total del Eating Disorder Inventory fue claramente diferente (53.8±32.4 mujeres sin trastorno alimentario vs. 146.3±45.6 pacientes, p<0.001. Para todas las subescalas los coeficientes alpha de Cronbach fueron superiores a 0.85. Para la calificación total se sugiere un punto de corte sensible de 80 [sensibilidad 90.9 (IC 95% 69.4-98.4, especificidad 80 (IC 95% 58.7-92.4], y uno específico de 105 [sensibilidad 81.8 (IC 95% 59-94, especificidad 89.3 (IC 95% 70.6-97.2]. CONCLUSIONES: El Eating Disorder Inventory es útil para investigar trastorno alimentario, con coeficientes de validez interna altos en la población estudiada.

  5. Heparin modulates the endopeptidase activity of Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease cathepsin L-Like rCPB2.8.

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    Wagner A S Judice

    Full Text Available Cysteine protease B is considered crucial for the survival and infectivity of the Leishmania in its human host. Several microorganism pathogens bind to the heparin-like glycosaminoglycans chains of proteoglycans at host-cell surface to promote their attachment and internalization. Here, we have investigated the influence of heparin upon Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease rCPB2.8 activity.THE DATA ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE PRESENCE OF HEPARIN AFFECTS ALL STEPS OF THE ENZYME REACTION: (i it decreases 3.5-fold the k 1 and 4.0-fold the k -1, (ii it affects the acyl-enzyme accumulation with pronounced decrease in k 2 (2.7-fold, and also decrease in k 3 (3.5-fold. The large values of ΔG  =  12 kJ/mol for the association and dissociation steps indicate substantial structural strains linked to the formation/dissociation of the ES complex in the presence of heparin, which underscore a conformational change that prevents the diffusion of substrate in the rCPB2.8 active site. Binding to heparin also significantly decreases the α-helix content of the rCPB2.8 and perturbs the intrinsic fluorescence emission of the enzyme. The data strongly suggest that heparin is altering the ionization of catalytic (Cys(25-S(-/(His(163-Im(+ H ion pair of the rCPB2.8. Moreover, the interaction of heparin with the N-terminal pro-region of rCPB2.8 significantly decreased its inhibitory activity against the mature enzyme.Taken together, depending on their concentration, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans can either stimulate or antagonize the activity of cysteine protease B enzymes during parasite infection, suggesting that this glycoconjugate can anchor parasite cysteine protease at host cell surface.

  6. El síndrome «big science» y su influencia en el proceso de maduración de la Física mexicana de partículas elementales

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    Luna Morales, Mª Elena

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available The influence of the international circumstances on the evolution and the process of research maturation in elementary particle physics in Mexico is identified. For this purpose a bibliometric study of the scientific production and impact, as well as the human resources involved have been employed. The study is conformed in the following three information sources: (1 an international information system specialized in the area of High Energy Physic (SLAC-SPIRES-HEP; (2 the Latin American Catalogs of Programs and Human Resources in Physics 1985-2001; and (3 a database locally developed about the production and impact of Physics in Mexico, during the period 1971-2000. Big science research has given place to a new organizational structure of the FMPE and a new dynamic of growing resources and products. This was quantified in the present work in terms of input and output bibliometric indicators, mainly to the increase of human resources, research programs and groups; and in the increment of the production and scientific output.

    Identificamos la influencia de las circunstancias internacionales sobre la evolución de la física de partículas elementales en el proceso de maduración de la disciplina en el ámbito local mexicano, a través de un estudio bibliométrico de la producción e impacto científicos y los recursos humanos de la física mexicana de partículas elementales (FMPE. El estudio se apoya en tres fuentes de información: (1 un sistema internacional de información especializado en el área de física de altas energías (SLACSPIRES- HEP; (2 Los Catálogos Latinoamericanos de Programas y Recursos Humanos en Física 1985-2001; (3 una base de datos desarrollada localmente sobre la producción e impacto de la Física mexicana en el área, durante el periodo 1971-2000. Encontramos que la influencia «big science» ha dado lugar a una nueva estructura organizacional de la FMPE y a una nueva dinámica de crecimiento de recursos y

  7. Periodistas precarios en el interior de la república mexicana: atrapados entre las fuerzas del mercado y las presiones de los gobiernos estatales

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    Germán Espino Sánchez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Los reportes emitidos sobre diversas entidades de la rep blica mexicana con rman que, a pesar de que se efect an elecciones competitivas en todos los estados, la intervenci n de los gobiernos estatales en los medios locales sigue siendo la norma. Los periodistas cuentan con contratos muy precarios y el gobierno del estado tiene mayor oportunidad de cooptar su l nea editorial a cambio de recursos econ micos. Esta investigaci n muestra c mo los periodistas de medios locales siguen desarrollando una l nea editorial o cialista, igual que en la poca del autoritarismo, y analiza su situaci n a partir de las variables profesionalizaci n de los periodistas e intervenci n de los gobiernos estatales en los medios de comunicaci n locales . Para esta investigaci n se elabor un estudio de caso sobre el estado de Quer taro; se entrevist a periodistas y a exfuncionarios de gobierno; se realiz un an lisis de contenido y se recopilaron fuentes secundarias que describen las relaciones entre los gobernadores y los medios locales de M xico. El an lisis de los datos sugiere que el estado de Quer taro puede ser un ejemplo del control que ejercen los gobernadores sobre los medios locales.

  8. Chemometric approach for development, optimization, and validation of different chromatographic methods for separation of opium alkaloids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Acevska, J; Stefkov, G; Petkovska, R; Kulevanova, S; Dimitrovska, A

    2012-05-01

    The excessive and continuously growing interest in the simultaneous determination of poppy alkaloids imposes the development and optimization of convenient high-throughput methods for the assessment of the qualitative and quantitative profile of alkaloids in poppy straw. Systematic optimization of two chromatographic methods (gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detector (FID)/mass spectrometry (MS) and reversed-phase (RP)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/diode array detector (DAD)) for the separation of alkaloids from Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae) was carried out. The effects of various conditions on the predefined chromatographic descriptors were investigated using chemometrics. A full factorial linear design of experiments for determining the relationship between chromatographic conditions and the retention behavior of the analytes was used. Central composite circumscribed design was utilized for the final method optimization. By conducting the optimization of the methods in very rational manner, a great deal of excessive and unproductive laboratory research work was avoided. The developed chromatographic methods were validated and compared in line with the resolving power, sensitivity, accuracy, speed, cost, ecological aspects, and compatibility with the poppy straw extraction procedure. The separation of the opium alkaloids using the GC/FID/MS method was achieved within 10 min, avoiding any derivatization step. This method has a stronger resolving power, shorter analysis time, better cost/effectiveness factor than the RP-HPLC/DAD method and is in line with the "green trend" of the analysis. The RP-HPLC/DAD method on the other hand displayed better sensitivity for all tested alkaloids. The proposed methods provide both fast screening and an accurate content assessment of the six alkaloids in the poppy samples obtained from the selection program of Papaver strains.

  9. Antioxidant Potential of the Extracts, Fractions and Oils Derived from Oilseeds

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    Shagufta Ishtiaque

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available The polyphenolic extracts and oils were obtained from ajwain, mustard, fenugreek and poppy seeds. The extracts were partitioned into acidic and neutral polyphenolic fractions and following estimation of total phenolics in the crude extract, acidic and neutral fractions and oil, all were analyzed for their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging potential, ferric reducing ability and chelating power. The highest amount of polyphenols was found in ajwain (8330 ± 107, then in mustard seeds (2844 ± 56.00 and in fenugreek (1130 ± 29.00, and least in poppy seeds (937 ± 18.52. The higher amounts of polyphenols were estimated in neutral fraction compared to acidic (p fenugreek and least by poppy seed extracts (p < 0.05. The reducing power and the chelating effect of the oilseeds followed the same order as DPPH, but higher % chelation was shown by neutral than acidic fraction (p < 0.05. Though low in polyphenols, the oil fractions were as strong antioxidants as the acidic one. Though oilseeds are used in very small quantity in food, they are potential sources of natural antioxidants and may replace synthetic ones.

  10. Análisis de la información que publica la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores: el caso de las empresas listadas en el mercado mexicano de derivados

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    Juan Fernando Guerrero Herrera

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la información publicada por la Bolsa Mexicana de valores (bmv respecto de las principales empresas listadas, así como de la información publicada por las propias empresas en sus respectivas páginas Web. El estudio incluye a las diez empresas más importantes que cotizan en la bmv. Entre dichas empresas se encuentran las que están listadas en el Mercado Mexicano de derivados (Mexder, es decir, empresas cuyas acciones son activos subyacentes para contratos de instrumentos financieros derivados. La información proporcionada es importante y de gran utilidad para inversionistas, analistas financieros y público en general, ya que contribuye al proceso de fijación de precios de activos financieros que son subyacentes en el Mexder. el presente análisis incluye cuadros con los contratos listados en el Mexder, tanto de futuros como de opciones, así como sus características principales. Asimismo, incluye tablas que muestran los volúmenes que actualmente operan los contratos e instrumentos referidos.

  11. Atando cabos... El jesuita de la Provincia Mexicana que logró escapar de la expulsión de 1767 se refugió en El Nayarit

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    Jesús Jáuregui

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El decreto de extrañamiento de la Compañía de Jesús constituyó una de las maniobras políticas más complicadas y trascendentes de la Corona española. De hecho, señaló el principio de la desintegración del imperio español, pues provocó una conmoción que impactó por igual a los criollos, las castas y los indios de la Nueva España. Ese primer movimiento nacional a la postre desembocaría en la Independencia americana. La expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767 tuvo características especiales para su ejecución en las misiones de la Provincia Mexicana, en especial en las de la región de Sonora y Sinaloa. Un testimonio recogido aproximadamente en 1863 hace referencia a un jesuita refugiado en las serranías de El Nayarit, visto durante la guerra de Independencia en 1811. El análisis de los documentos de Temporalidades y la obra del historiador jesuítico Gerard Decorme S. J. permiten suponer algunos datos de su identidad.

  12. ITS1 PCR-RFLP Diagnosis and Characterization of Leishmania in Clinical Samples and Strains from Cases of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in States of the Mexican Southeast

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    Amalia Monroy-Ostria

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available American cutaneous leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of clinical forms localized cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which can be caused by different strains of Leishmania belonging to the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes which may coexist in the same endemic area. We evaluated the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for direct identification of Leishmania species in 163 clinical samples and 21 Mexican isolates of Leishmania. In relation to the Mexican isolates of Leishmania 52% displayed a pattern similar to the L. (L. mexicana, 5% showed a mixed pattern compatible with L. (L. mexicana and L. (V. braziliensis, eight with L. (L. amazonensis and L. (L. mexicana, and one to L. (V. braziliensis. Most of the clinical samples, 109/116 (94%, gave a pattern similar to that of the L. mexicana, two clinical samples gave similar patterns to that of Leishmania braziliensis, and 5 samples gave patterns that suggest a coinfection of L. (L. mexicana and L. (V. braziliensis or L. (L. mexicana and L. (L. amazonensis. The ITS1 PCR-RFLP assay is a multipurpose tool for diagnosis of Leishmania from clinical samples and enables determination of the infecting species of New World Leishmania in the field in relatively short time and low cost.

  13. La mujer mexicana económicamente activa: ¿son confiables los microdatos censales? Una prueba a través de censos y encuestas. México y Estados Unidos, 1970-1990

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Vázquez

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available La propuesta temática de este artículo se sustenta en el desarrollo del proyecto Microdatos Seriados e Integrados de Uso Público Internacional (IPUMS, que inició en octubre de 1999, auspiciado por el Minnesota Population Center (MPC de la Universidad de Minnesota. Intentamos probar la utilidad de una base de datos como la que propone crear IPUMS. Así, a pesar de que no se cuenta aún con datos integrados, procuraremos mostrar la potencialidad de la fuente de datos que agrupe información censal de diferentes países. Dentro de una perspectiva comparativa, hemos desarrollado un análisis multivariado a través de la comparación entre censos y la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano (ENEU, tanto en el tiempo (1970 y 1990 como entre países (México y Estados Unidos, refiriéndonos a la mujer mexicana, en particular a partir del estudio de la fuerza de trabajo femenina.

  14. Geothermal potential in Mexico; Potencial geotermico de la republica mexicana

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ordaz Mendez, Christian Arturo; Flores Armenta, Magaly; Ramirez Silva, German [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Gerencia de Proyectos Geotermoelectricos, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)]. E-mail: christian.ordaz@cfe.gob.mx

    2011-01-15

    parte de la estrategia de la CFE para incrementar la generacion de energia electrica mediante fuentes no convencionales llevo a cabo un calculo del potencial geotermico del pais. Este calculo se efectuo a traves del inventario nacional de manifestaciones termales con que cuenta la GPG, el cual ha permitido identificar 1380 manifestaciones termales distribuidas en todo el pais, con informacion de las temperaturas tomadas superficialmente y las temperaturas obtenidas por medio de geotermometros. El calculo del potencial geotermico se hizo con base en la clasificacion de estas manifestaciones por rangos de temperatura geotermometrica, obteniendose asi recursos de alta, media y baja entalpia. Posteriormente se utilizo el metodo volumetrico para obtener el potencial geotermico nacional. Los resultados indican que para las Reservas Posibles los recursos de alta entalpia ascienden a 5691 MWe, para los de moderada entalpia son de 881 MWe y los de baja entalpia de 849 MWe dando un total de 7422 MWe. Por otra parte, las Reservas Probables para el recurso de alta entalpia son de 1643 MWe, para los de moderada entalpia de 220 MWe y para los de baja entalpia de 212 MWe dando un total de 2077 MWe. Por ultimo las Reservas Probadas se tomaron como la capacidad adicional que puede instalarse en cada uno de los campos geotermicos conocidos, dando un total de 186 MWe. La informacion se proceso y se integro por medio del Sistema de Informacion Geografica (SIG) ArcGis 9.2 (c), dando como resultado la publicacion via Intranet del Mapa del Potencial Geotermico de la Republica Mexicana.

  15. Tracheal relaxation of five medicinal plants used in Mexico for the treatment of several diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sánchez-Recillas, Amanda; Mantecón-Reyes, Paul; Castillo-España, Patricia; Villalobos-Molina, Rafael; Ibarra-Barajas, Maximiliano; Estrada-Soto, Samuel

    2014-03-01

    To assess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana (A. mexicana), Cochlospermum vitifolium (C. vitifolium), Cordia morelosana (C. morelosana), Lepechinia caulescens (L. caulescens) and Talauma mexicana (T. mexicana) used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol for each plant material. The organic extracts were evaluated ex vivo to determine their relaxant activity on the contractions induced by carbachol (cholinergic receptor agonist, 1 μ mol/L) in isolated rat tracheal rings. A total of 15 extracts were evaluated (three for each species). All test samples showed significant relaxant effect, in a concentration-dependent manner, on the contractions induced by 1 μ mol/L carbachol, with exception of extracts from C. morelosana. Active extracts were less potent than theophylline [phosphodiesterase inhibitor, EC50: (28.79±0.82) μg/mL] that was used as positive control. Concentration-response curves revealed that the extracts with more significant effects were dichloromethanic extracts of T. mexicana [Emax: (103.03±3.32)% and EC50: (159.39±3.72) μg/mL) and C. vitifolium [Emax: (106.58±2.42)% and EC50: (219.54±7.61) μg/mL]. Finally, hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts from A. mexicana were fully effective but less potent than T. mexicana and C. vitifolium. Less polar extracts obtained from A. mexicana, T. mexicana and C. vitifolium exhibited greater relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings, which allows us to suggest them as sources for the isolation of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of asthma. Copyright © 2014 Hainan Medical College. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Pantallas para ver el mundo. Estereotipación televisiva de la población indígena mexicana y generación de prejuicio

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    C Muñiz

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Los estereotipos son creencias estructuradas socialmente sobre un grupo social concreto, que pueden derivar del contacto directo o indirecto con miembros de ese grupo. En este sentido, se ha planteado que los medios de comunicación pueden generar un proceso de estereotipación que conlleva la activación de estereotipos que impactan en actitudes más o menos prejuiciosas. Objetivos. El estudio busca estudiar si este proceso se produce con respecto a la población indígena mexicana, en el contexto de la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases: en la primera se analizó mediante un análisis de contenido los estereotipos mediáticos de los indígenas en los programas de ficción de la televisión; en la segunda se evaluó mediante una encuesta la relación entre las creencias y la actitud prejuiciosa demostrada hacia la población indígena por los estudiantes de bachillerato de la zona metropolitana de Monterrey. Conclusiones. Los resultados reflejan el impacto del consumo y de los estereotipos sobre el nivel de prejuicio mantenido, pero no así un proceso de estereotipación.

  17. Efecto de los servicios de salud y de factores socioeconómicos en las diferencias espaciales de la mortalidad mexicana

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    LÓPEZ-RÍOS OLGA

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. La mortalidad en México ha disminuido de manera importante; sin embargo, persisten las diferencias regionales. En este trabajo se analiza la mortalidad mexicana, particularmente los factores de orden socioeconómico y de prestación de servicios de salud susceptibles de explicar dichas diferencias. Material y métodos. Los datos se tomaron del XI Censo de Población, de las estadísticas publicadas por el Grupo Interinstitucional de Información (Secretaría de Salud y de publicaciones del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. El modelo causal se establece en términos de los modelos de estructuras de covarianza (LISREL, que permiten estimar el efecto de factores no medibles que afectan a un fenómeno específico; se utilizó el programa LISREL7. Resultados. Los niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico inciden directamente y de manera importante sobre las diferencias regionales de mortalidad. El efecto de los servicios de salud es menos importante. Conclusiones. Las diferencias regionales de mortalidad se explican por una interacción de los niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico y de prestación de servicios de salud; a un mayor desarrollo socioeconómico corresponde una menor mortalidad, lo mismo que mejores servicios de salud corresponden a una mayor utilización de los mismos, lo que repercute en una menor mortalidad. Es necesaria una mejor distribución regional de los servicios de salud.

  18. Educación y empleo: desigualdad de género en las regiones mexicanas. 2000-2005 Education and employment: gender inequality in mexican regions. 2000-2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eva Aguayo

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo establecemos una comparación según género entre los avances obtenidos en los diferentes niveles educacionales y la persistente brecha en el grado de participación laboral en México, en el período 2000-2005. Asimismo, analizamos las diferencias regionales en la evolución de los siguientes indicadores: años promedio de escolarización y población ocupada. Mediante un modelo econométrico de datos de panel para las 32 entidades federativas mexicanas, constatamos el impacto positivo que ejerce la educación sobre la ocupación laboral.In this paper we establish a comparison by gender between the progress achieved in the different educational levels and the persistent gap in the degree of labour participation in Mexico, during 2000 and 2005. Likewise, we analyze the regional differences in the evolution of the following indicators: the average years of schooling, and the working population. By means of an econometric model of panel data for 32 Mexican regions, we are able to establish that education exert a positive impact on the working population.

  19. Procesos de negociación de significado en una escuela normal mexicana Processes of negotiation of meaning in a mexican program of teacher education

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    Pedro Antonio Estrada Rodríguez

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo, analizamos algunos procesos de negociación de significado y desarrollo de micropolíticas en las experiencias de docentes y directivos en una escuela normal mexicana con la reforma a la educación normal de 1997. En dicho plan de estudios se estipula que los estudiantes realicen prácticas escolares durante el último año de la carrera. El estudio se enfocó en las actividades que realizaron los docentes de manera previa a las prácticas del preservicio con la primera generación de estudiantes del plan de 1997 de la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria. En el artículo mostramos cómo los docentes y el personal directivo de la normal del estudio, transitaron por un proceso de negociación de significado y generación de micropolíticas en su relación con la propuesta curricular nacional y la forma en que se organizaron bajo un esquema que concebimos como comunidad de práctica cultivada.Neste trabalho analisamos alguns processos de negociação de significado e desenvolvimento de micro-políticas nas experiências dos docentes e autoridades em uma escola normal mexicana após a reforma à educação normal de 1997. Neste programa de estudos estipula-se que os estudantes realizem os estágios escolares durante o último ano da faculdade. O estudo foi focado nas atividades que realizaram os docentes de forma prévia aos estágios do pré-serviço com a primeira geração de estudantes do plano de 1997 do Bacharelado em Educação Primária (Ensino Básico. No artigo mostramos como os docentes e autoridades da normal do estudo, transitaram por um processo de negociação de significado e geração de micro-política na sua realização com a proposta curricular nacional e a maneira com a qual foram organizados, sob um esquema que concebemos como comunidade de prática cultivada.In this paper, we analyze the experiences of teachers and principals in a Mexican teachers' college following the teacher education reform of 1997. In

  20. Utilización correcta de las técnicas de detección de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas

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    Lizbeth López-Carrillo

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar las características asociadas con la prevalencia de utilización correcta de la autoexploración manual (AE, el examen clínico (EC y la mamografía (MA para la detección de cáncer mamario (CaMa. Material y métodos. Se entrevistó a 1 030 mujeres mexicanas, sanas, de entre 20 y 88 años sobre su historia reproductiva y sociodemográfica. Con base en la forma y frecuencia de realización de estas técnicas de detección, se construyó un índice de utilización correcta. Resultados. La prevalencia de utilización correcta de la AE fue de 11% y del EC de 5.4%. El 7.6% de las mujeres entre 40 y 49 años y 31.6% de las mujeres con 50 años o más se realizaron una MA de acuerdo con la norma vigente al momento del estudio. El aseguramiento por parte del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado o del Seguro Popular fue el principal determinante de la utilización de la MA. Conclusiones. Se evidencia la necesidad de incrementar la correcta utilización de la AE, el EC y la MA.

  1. Genetic structure and divergence in populations of Lutzomyia cruciata, a phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector of Leishmania mexicana in southeastern Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pech-May, Angélica; Marina, Carlos F; Vázquez-Domínguez, Ella; Berzunza-Cruz, Miriam; Rebollar-Téllez, Eduardo A; Narváez-Zapata, José A; Moo-Llanes, David; Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio; Ramsey, Janine M; Becker, Ingeborg

    2013-06-01

    The low dispersal capacity of sand flies could lead to population isolation due to geographic barriers, climate variation, or to population fragmentation associated with specific local habitats due to landscape modification. The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia cruciata has a wide distribution throughout Mexico and is a vector of Leishmania mexicana in the southeast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity, structure, and divergence within and among populations of Lu. cruciata in the state of Chiapas, and to infer the intra-specific phylogeny using the 3' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We analyzed 62 sequences from four Lu. cruciata populations and found 26 haplotypes, high genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow among populations (Fst=0.416, Nm=0.701, p<0.001). The highest diversity values were recorded in populations from Loma Bonita and Guadalupe Miramar. Three lineages (100% bootstrap and 7% overall divergence) were identified using a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis which showed high genetic divergence (17.2-22.7%). A minimum spanning haplotype network also supported separation into three lineages. Genetic structure and divergence within and among Lu. cruciata populations are hence affected by geographic heterogeneity and evolutionary background. Data obtained in the present study suggest that Lu. cruciata in the state of Chiapas consists of at least three lineages. Such findings may have implications for vector capacity and hence for vector control strategies. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Katzman, Kenneth

    2008-01-01

    ... attacks, and increasing aggregate poppy cultivation, as well as increasing divisions within the NATO alliance about the relative share of combat among the nations contributing to the peacekeeping mission...

  3. Local adaptation and pronounced genetic differentiation in an extremophile fish, Poecilia mexicana, inhabiting a Mexican cave with toxic hydrogen sulphide.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Plath, M; Hauswaldt, J S; Moll, K; Tobler, M; García De León, F J; Schlupp, I; Tiedemann, R

    2007-03-01

    We investigated genetic differentiation and migration patterns in a small livebearing fish, Poecilia mexicana, inhabiting a sulfidic Mexican limestone cave (Cueva del Azufre). We examined fish from three different cave chambers, the sulfidic surface creek draining the cave (El Azufre) and a nearby surface creek without the toxic hydrogen sulphide (Arroyo Cristal). Using microsatellite analysis of 10 unlinked loci, we found pronounced genetic differentiation among the three major habitats: Arroyo Cristal, El Azufre and the cave. Genetic differentiation was also found within the cave between different pools. An estimation of first-generation migrants suggests that (i) migration is unidirectional, out of the cave, and (ii) migration among different cave chambers occurs to some extent. We investigated if the pattern of genetic differentiation is also reflected in a morphological trait, eye size. Relatively large eyes were found in surface habitats, small eyes in the anterior cave chambers, and the smallest eyes were detected in the innermost cave chamber (XIII). This pattern shows some congruence with a previously proposed morphocline in eye size. However, our data do not support the proposed mechanism for this morphocline, namely that it would be maintained by migration from both directions into the middle cave chambers. This would have led to an increased variance in eye size in the middle cave chambers, which we did not find. Restricted gene flow between the cave and the surface can be explained by local adaptations to extreme environmental conditions, namely H2S and absence of light. Within the cave system, habitat properties are patchy, and genetic differentiation between cave chambers despite migration could indicate local adaptation at an even smaller scale.

  4. Leishmaniose cutânea na Amazônia: registro do primeiro caso humano de infecção mista, determinado por duas espécies distintas de Leishmnias: Leishmania brasiliensis e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. T. Silveira

    1984-10-01

    Full Text Available Fez-se o registro, na Amazônia, do primeiro caso humano de infecção cutânea mista determinada por duas espécies distintas de Leishmania: a Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis e a Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. As duas amostras, em questão, foram isoladas de lesões distintas de um mesmo paciente, e a caracterização das espécies foi feita com base em observações de infecção experimental em hamsters, comportamento em meios artificiais de cultura, desenvolvimento de infecção experimental em Lutzomyia longipalpis, e eletroforese de isoenzimas em gel de amido. Conclui-se ser de interesse o achado que, combinado com o fato já conhecido de ausência de imunidade cruzada entre a maioria das leishmânias, sugere a necessidade do emprego de uma vacina polivalente para a região.

  5. 76 FR 42732 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-19

    ... classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Coca Leaves (9040) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw... with United States obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May...

  6. 76 FR 62447 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-07

    ...-phenethyl-4-piperidine (8333)... II Phenylacetone (8501) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate... under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated...

  7. Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad de un cuestionario de actividad física en población mexicana Reproducibility and sensitivity of a physical activity questionnaire in Mexican people

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga

    2001-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar si el cuestionario de actividad física (CAF de Laval es reproducible y sensible para detectar diferencias en grupos de mexicanos con peso normal y en obesos. Material y métodos. Estudio efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, entre enero y mayo de 1999, en México, D.F. El CAF se tradujo al castellano y se adaptó a población mexicana. Se midió la reproducibilidad por prueba-reprueba, con cuatro semanas de diferencia (n=30 sujetos con obesidad. Para determinar la sensibilidad del cuestionario se comparó un grupo de jóvenes cadetes (n=18 con otro de jóvenes civiles (n=32. Se utilizó como concordancia el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se empleó la prueba t de student pareada o para muestras independientes, según fuera necesario. Resultados. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0.86. El CAF fue sensible al demostrar diferencias de más de 400 kcal/día (1 674 kJ/día y más de 4 kcal/kg/día (17 kJ/kg/día entre jóvenes con actividad física importante (t de Student. Conclusiones. El CAF es un instrumento sensible y reproducible que puede ser utilizado en población mexicana. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlObjective. To assess the reproducibility and sensitivity of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ developed at Laval University, to detect differences in lean and obese individuals. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mexico's National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, between January and May 1999. The PAQ was translated into Spanish and adjusted to the Mexican setting. The test-retest method was used to measure reliability, allowing a four-week interval between tests (n=30 overweight subjects. To assess the questionnaire's sensitivity a group of young cadets (n=18 was compared to a group of young civilians (n=32. Concordance was

  8. Ensayos metodologicos para la investigacion de reservorios de Leishmania spp en los Andes venezolanos Methodological assay for research of reservoirs of Leishmania spp. in the Venezuelan Andes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lugo Yarbuh

    1982-12-01

    Full Text Available Se describen dos técnicas, presuntiva y confirmativa, para la investigación de mamíferos que pudieran ser reservorios de Leishmania que parasitan al hombre. Se investigan los cambios en los títulos de inmovilización y aglutinación de promastigotos de cultivo por los sueros de animales normales y expuestos una o varias veces a la inoculación intradérmica de pequeñas dosis de promastigotos vivos. Se registra una caída de los títulos de aglutinación en los sueros de hamsteres, de Holochilus venezuelae y de Didelphis marsupialis después de la inoculación con L. mexicana mexicana de Panamá y de L. gamhami de la región de los Andes venezolanos. Se discute la natureza de estos fenómenos. Se han hecho xenodiagnósticos con Lutzomyia townsendi en Holochilus venezuelae y Sigmodon hispidus infectados experimentalmente com L. mexicana mexicana, L. mexicana amazonensis, L. braziliensis y L. garnhami. Las pruebas fueron leidas mediante el examen microscópico de las gotitas de heces excretadas entre las 108 y 132 horas después de la ingesta infectante, tras colorearlas con Giemsa. Se obtuvieron resultados positivos en 23% de los experimentos usando mamíferos con lesiones localizadas, dejando a los flebótomos ingurgitarse libremente sobre animales anestesiados que poseian una hasta varias lesiones localizadas.Presumptive and confirmative techniques for searching mammals which could be reservoirs for Leishmania parasites from man are described. The changes of immobilising and agglutinating titers for promastigotes from culture by sera from normal and exposed mammals after single or repeated intradermal inoculation of promastigotes are described. A fall in titers of agglunation is observed in sera from hamsters, Holochilus venezuelae and Didelphis marsupialis after inoculation with L. mexicana mexicana from Panama and L. garnhami from the Venezuelan Andes region. The nature of this phenomenon is discussed. Xenodiagnoses were made with

  9. 78 FR 33440 - Importer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration; Rhodes Technologies

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-04

    ... importer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Opium Raw (9600) II Poppy... States obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA...

  10. 77 FR 35057 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Rhodes Technologies

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-12

    ... importer of the basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw... obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has...

  11. 76 FR 30969 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-27

    ... Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the listed controlled... international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Mallinckrodt...

  12. 76 FR 51400 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-18

    ... classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Raw Opium (9600) II Concentrate of Poppy Straw II (9670... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Rhodes Technologies to...

  13. 78 FR 5498 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Chattem Chemicals, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-25

    ...-Anilino-N-phenethyl-4-piperidine (8333).. II Phenylacetone (8501) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw... treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Chattem Chemicals, Inc...

  14. 77 FR 19717 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration Mallinckrodt LLC

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-02

    ...) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the listed... international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Mallinckrodt...

  15. Guía de selección de ERP en las pequeñas y medianas empresas mexicanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rivera, Igor

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP systems are information system characterised by having a shared database for all the company’s departments. Organisations use ERP sys- tems to manage their data and help improve decision-making. However, recent studies show that 92% of ERP projects do not end in success (De Pablos Heredero and De Pablos Heredero, 2009. This paper aims to design a guide to ERP selection for Mexican SMEs. It starts with a review of the scientific literature, which is divided into methodological proposals, case studies, micro-sociological studies, and critical success factors for ERP projects. To complement our theoretical study we interviewed consultants, users and ERP project experts, who supported our conception of this issue at local level. Finally, we designed an ERP selection guide.Los Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP son Sistemas de Información caracterizados por tener una base de datos común para todos los departamentos de la empresa y son utilizados por las organizaciones para administrar sus datos con el fin de tomar mejores decisiones. Sin embargo, estudios recientes demuestran que el 92% de los proyectos ERP no terminan con éxito (De Pablos Heredero y De Pablos Heredero, 2009. El objetivo de este artículo es diseñar una guía de selección de ERP en las Pymes mexicanas. En primera instancia se realizó un examen de la literatura científica, el cual se dividió en: propuestas metodológicas, casos de estudio, estudios microsociológicos y factores críticos de éxito para proyectos ERP. Para complementar nuestro estudio teórico se entrevistaron consultores, utilizadores y expertos en proyectos ERP, los cuales apoyaron nuestra concepción de esta problemática en el ámbito local. Finalmente se diseñó la guía de selección de ERP.

  16. The developmental and genetic bases of apetaly in Bocconia frutescens (Chelidonieae: Papaveraceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Arango-Ocampo

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Bocconia and Macleaya are the only genera of the poppy family (Papaveraceae lacking petals; however, the developmental and genetic processes underlying such evolutionary shift have not yet been studied. Results We studied floral development in two species of petal-less poppies Bocconia frutescens and Macleaya cordata as well as in the closely related petal-bearing Stylophorum diphyllum. We generated a floral transcriptome of B. frutescens to identify MADS-box ABCE floral organ identity genes expressed during early floral development. We performed phylogenetic analyses of these genes across Ranunculales as well as RT-PCR and qRT-PCR to assess loci-specific expression patterns. We found that petal-to-stamen homeosis in petal-less poppies occurs through distinct developmental pathways. Transcriptomic analyses of B. frutescens floral buds showed that homologs of all MADS-box genes are expressed except for the APETALA3-3 ortholog. Species-specific duplications of other ABCE genes in B. frutescens have resulted in functional copies with expanded expression patterns than those predicted by the model. Conclusions Petal loss in B. frutescens is likely associated with the lack of expression of AP3-3 and an expanded expression of AGAMOUS. The genetic basis of petal identity is conserved in Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae although they have different number of AP3 paralogs and exhibit dissimilar floral groundplans.

  17. Comunicación interpersonal en matrimonios de doble ingreso: retos y estrategias de las mujeres mexicanas para comunicarse con su pareja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia GONZALEZ ALFITA

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Con un enfoque en el balance trabajo-familia, este estudio exploratorio se enfocó en encontrar los retos de comunicación que las mujeres mexicanas perciben en su matrimonio. El objetivo fue identificar esos retos y examinar qué estrategias utilizan las mujeres para resolverlos. También se exploró la naturaleza de los principales temas sobre los que habla la pareja. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Monterrey, en el estado de Nuevo León, México, e incluyó a 23participantes de sexo femenino, de 22 años en adelante, que viven en matrimonio en el que ambos cónyuges trabajan fuera del hogar y tienen hijos, y que accedieron a ser audiograbadas en una entrevista. Los resultados de esta investigación cualitativa indican que el principal reto de comunicación para que las mujeres se comuniquen con su pareja es no tener tiempo suficiente para hacerlo, seguido del cansancio que experimentan después de una jornada de trabajo. La estrategia más utilizada para vencer el reto de poder conversar con su pareja fue comer juntos. Finalmente, los principales temas de los que habla la pareja fueron acerca de los hijos, de sus trabajos y de los planes futuros como familia. Los resultados de este estudio indican que el trabajo y la familia como factor que interviene en la comunicación esposo-esposa, no impide que las mujeres desarrollen de forma eficiente sus propios patrones para involucrarse tanto en su vida de trabajo como en su vida familiar.

  18. 78 FR 39337 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice Of Registration; Mallinckrodt, LLC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-07-01

    ... Phenylacetone (8501) II Coca Leaves (9040) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company... States obligations under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA...

  19. 78 FR 69131 - Importer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration, Chattem Chemicals, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-11-18

    ...-Anilino-N-phenethyl-4-piperidine (8333).. II Phenylacetone (8501) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw..., or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Chattem Chemicals, Inc., to ensure that...

  20. 75 FR 54629 - Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-08

    ..., milkweed, mustard seed, oil radish, poppy seed, rapeseed, sesame, sweet rocket, calendula, castor oil plant..., stokes aster, sunflower, tallowwood, tea oil plant, and vernonia at 0.01 ppm; grain, cereal, group 15 at...

  1. Studies on the relationship between lectin binding carbohydrates and different strains of Leishmania from the New World

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Schottelius

    1982-03-01

    Full Text Available The culture forms of L. mexicana pifanoi (LRC L-90, L. mexicana mexicana (LRC L-94, M-379; L. braziliensis braziliensis (LRC L-77, L-1, M-2903, H-LSS and L. mexicana amazonensis (H-JMMO, M-JOF, H-21, H-PLL,M-1696 were tested with the following lectins: Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis-120, Axinella polypoides, Phaseolus vulgaris, Evonymus europaeus, lotus tetragonolobus, Dolichos biflorus, Aaptos papillata II, Laburnum alpinum, Ulex europaeus, Arachis hypogaea and Soja hispida. All examined strains of Leishmania were agglutinated by C. ensiformis, R. communis-120 and A. popypoides. No agglutination reactions were observed with P. vulgaris, D.biflorus, A. papillata II, E. europaeus and L. tetragonolobus. Only L. m. pifanoi and the L. m. amazonensis strains H-JMMO and MJOF showed agglutination reactions with S. hispida, U. europaeus, L. alpinum and A. hypogaea, while L. m. mexicana (LRC L-94; M-379 strains, L. b. braziliensis H. LSS, LRC L-77; L-1; M-2903 and the L. m. amazonensis strains, H-PLL, H-21, M-1696 showed no agglutination reactions with these four lectins.

  2. Marinha mercante e construção naval mexicana e brasileira: a comparação de uma trajetória histórico-econômica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alcides Goularti Filho

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar a trajetória da marinha mercante e da construção naval Brasileira e Mexicana a partir do final do século XIX até os anos 1970; numa perspectiva da história econômica. O foco principal está concentrado nos aspectos institucionais, produtivo e político, com ênfase no papel do Estado no incentivo ao desenvolvimento do setor de navegação. Além da introdução e das considerações finais, o texto está dividido em três tópicos. O primeiro analisa as diferenças e semelhanças na formação do sistema de transportes do México e do Brasil. O segundo aborda os diferentes rumos seguidos por ambos os países no seu processo de formação do sistema nacional de economia. Por fim, o terceiro analisa especificamente a trajetória do setor naval entre 1920 até 1970, destacando o papel do Estado na formulação de políticas de desenvolvimento na marinha mercante e na construção naval.

  3. Environ: E00017 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ine [CPD:C06533], Noscapine [CPD:C09592] Papaver somniferum [TAX:3469] Same as: D03444 Papaveraceae (poppy family) opium extract Major component: Morphine [CPD:C01516] CAS: 8008-60-4

  4. 75 FR 10312 - Importer of Controlled Substances Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-05

    ... classes of controlled substances listed in schedule II: Drug Schedule Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw..., or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971, at this time. DEA has investigated Cambrex Charles City, Inc...

  5. El estatuto legal y social de las lenguas en la educación indígena mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dalia Ruiz Ávila

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available En este documento se propicia una reflexión acerca de la forma en que la inmersión de las lenguas indígenas en preceptos de carácter legal y social confiere una dinámica particular a la realización de la educación formal destinada a amplios sectores de la población mexicana. Las interrogantes que se plantean a lo largo de la exposición son: ¿Cómo se traduce lo asentado en el plano jurídico en relación con el indígena en el marco de la educación indígena?, y ¿cómo se introduce la representación social del indígena en la educación formal diseñada para ellos? Para un acercamiento a las respuestas se indaga en los documentos oficiales que abordan el tema, en la revisión de datos censales y en algunos elementos teórico-metodológicos de la educación, las ciencias del lenguaje y la antropología. Las premisas de las cuales se parte son: 1 el auge de los movimientos indígenas ha golpeado a la hegemonía de las posiciones multiculturales y asimilacionistas; 2 los pueblos indígenas se han instalado como actores sociales en los escenarios políticos, y 3 la cuestión indígena no es un problema marginal. Exige una reforma del Estado y la participación de la sociedad civil. Un análisis fundamentado en la categoría de formación imaginaria propuesta por Michel Pécheux1 permite un acercamiento a la caracterización del sujeto indígena por sí mismo; del otro, sea o no indígena y del referente; es decir, de lengua y cultura. De éste se desprende que es necesaria una reformulación del estatuto legal, que sea acorde con los requerimientos de los diversos grupos indígenas, con el reconocimiento a la diversidad cultural.

  6. La manufactura de hilados y tejidos en la historiografía mexicana, siglos XVIII y XIX. Obrajes, protoindustrias, empresariado y fábricas textiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Trujillo Bolio

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión puntual sobre la historiografía que aborda temas y problemas relativos a la manufacturera textil en la sociedad novohispana y el México independiente. Emprende un análisis crítico que condensa las distintas obras sobre los obrajes en Puebla, Querétaro, Texcoco, Tlaxcala, Coyoacán y San Ángel, así como las formas de producción protoindustriales que permitieron la fabricación de paños de lana en Nueva España. Contempla un detenido estudio de la proliferación de trabajos que se han ocupado en dilucidar el significado de la producción de hilados y tejidos en las distintas regiones del México decimonónico. Se destacan, además, los temas más sobresalientes que se desprenden de la producción manufacturera en las llamadas protofábricas como en centros fabriles que elaboraron hilados y tejidos de lana y algodón. También se diferencia el contenido de las contribuciones que se han ocupado de diferenciar distintas fases de la industrialización textil mexicana y del surgimiento de un empresario textil en los estados de Puebla, México, Nuevo León, Jalisco, Ciudad de México y sus alrededores, Michoacán y Guanajuato.

  7. 75 FR 14186 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-24

    ... Opium (9600) II Concentrate of Poppy Straw (9670) II The company plans to import the listed controlled... protocols in effect on May 1, 1971, at this time. DEA has investigated Rhodes Technologies to ensure that...

  8. 75 FR 14187 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-24

    ... (9040) II Opium, raw (9600) II Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the listed... international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971, at this time. DEA has investigated...

  9. Inhibitory activities of selected Sudanese medicinal plants on Porphyromonas gingivalis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and isolation of bioactive compounds from Combretum hartmannianum (Schweinf) bark.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohieldin, Ebtihal Abdalla M; Muddathir, Ali Mahmoud; Mitsunaga, Tohru

    2017-04-20

    Periodontal diseases are one of the major health problems and among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium which has been strongly implicated in the etiology of periodontitis. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is an important factor contributing to periodontal tissue destruction by a variety of mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected Sudanese medicinal plants against P. gingivalis bacteria and their inhibitory activities on MMP-9. Sixty two methanolic and 50% ethanolic extracts from 24 plants species were tested for antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis using microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The inhibitory activity of seven methanol extracts selected from the 62 extracts against MMP-9 was determined by Colorimetric Drug Discovery Kit. In search of bioactive lead compounds, Combretum hartmannianum bark which was found to be within the most active plant extracts was subjected to various chromatographic (medium pressure liquid chromatography, column chromatography on a Sephadex LH-20, preparative high performance liquid chromatography) and spectroscopic methods (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)) to isolate and characterize flavogalonic acid dilactone and terchebulin as bioactive compounds. About 80% of the crude extracts provided a MIC value ≤4 mg/ml against bacteria. The extracts which revealed the highest potency were: methanolic extracts of Terminalia laxiflora (wood; MIC = 0.25 mg/ml) followed by Acacia totrtilis (bark), Ambrosia maritima (aerial part), Argemone mexicana (seed), C. hartmannianum (bark), Terminalia brownii (wood) and 50% ethanolic extract of T. brownii (bark) with MIC values of 0.5 mg/ml. T. laxiflora (wood) and C. hartmannianum (bark) which belong to combretaceae family showed an inhibitory activity over 50% at

  10. 76 FR 62449 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-07

    ...), this is notice that on May 4, 2011, Cambrex Charles City, Inc., 1205 11th Street, Charles City, Iowa... Concentrate of Poppy Straw (9670) II Sufentanil (9740) II Fentanyl (9801) II The company will manufacture the...

  11. Factores de riesgo relacionados con lupus eritematoso sistémico en población mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zonana-Nacach Abraham

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de lupus eritematoso sistémico en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles, efectuado en junio de 1996 en el Departamento de Reumatología del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (HE CMN, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, de la Ciudad de México. Se estudiaron 130 pacientes (casos que presentaban cuatro o más criterios de clasificación de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES y con una evolución de la enfermedad menor de cinco años. Los controles fueron pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedades agudas no autoinmunes. Fueron pareados 1:1 por edad y sexo; ambos grupos se evaluaron a través de una entrevista directa y la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado. Se estudiaron los siguientes factores de riesgo: genéticos (historia familiar de LES o enfermedad de tejido conjuntivo, sociodemográficos (raza, lugar de residencia, educación, ingreso mensual; hormonales (anticonceptivos orales, terapia hormonal de remplazo y ginecobstétricos; ambientales (productos para el cabello, cohabitación con perros, infecciones, alergias. El análisis estadístico fue hecho con razón de momios (RM IC 95% y regresión logística. Resultados. El análisis estadístico multivariado mostró asociación con el antecedente familiar de LES (RM 4.2, IC 95% 1.17-15.2 u otra ETC (RM 2.6, IC 95% 1.15-4.5, uso de anticonceptivos orales por más de un año (RM 2.1, IC 95% 1.13-4.3, faringoamigdalitis de repetición (RM 2.1, IC 95% 1.18 - 3.6 y fármacos (RM 5.0, IC 95% 1.62 - 21.6. No hubo relación con factores socieconómicos, el uso de productos para el cabello, con asma o con antecedentes alérgicos. Conclusiones. Factores genéticos como el antecedente heredo-familiar de LES o enfermedad de tejido conjuntivo en familiares de primer grado continúan siendo factores importantes en el desarrollo de LES. Otros factores de riesgo

  12. AFLP studies on downy-mildew-resistant and downy-mildew ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    the chloroplast preparation was free of mitochondria that re- quire a centrifugation at 12000 ... The present study describes the detection of inherited DNA markers in reciprocal F1 .... maternal inheritance of cpDNA in opium poppy. However,.

  13. Hetkehitt : Rihanna feat. Jay-Z "Umbrella". Mikk Saar rootslaste lahjendatud versioonis. Kilehäälne Stelle trummari tehtud meigiga / Piret Järvis

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Järvis, Piret, 1984-

    2007-01-01

    Laulust. Heliplaadist "See on see". Psühhedeelset power-poppi viljelevast ansamblist Stella, debüütplaadi "First Kiss" esitluskontserdist 18. mail Tallinnas üritusel Mutant Disco (bändi lugusid saab kuulata: www.myspace.com/stellatallinn)

  14. 75 FR 34114 - Pesticide Products; Registration Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-16

    ..., oil radish, poppy seed, rapeseed, sesame, sweet rocket, calendula, castor oil plant, Chinese... seed, rapeseed, sesame, sweet rocket, calendula, castor oil plant, Chinese tallowtree, euphorbia..., sesame, sweet rocket, calendula, castor oil plant, Chinese tallowtree, euphorbia, evening primrose...

  15. Techniques for assesment of opiates in body fluid and plant products

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kongtip, Pornpimol

    1982-01-01

    This thesis described the determination of morphine like substances in human milk, poppy seed and rice by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gas chromatography (GC). The first technique was implemented for human milk using chloroform extracts. Among the various drugs tested only codeine was found to have cross reaction with the antibody used and the method gave a sensitivity of 60 pg/tube or 300 pg/cm 3 . The coefficient of variation for both within and between assays were less than 8% whereas the percentage recovery of 10-25 ng/cm 3 of standard morphine hydrochloride added into human milk was higher than 95%. Study in 4 hill tribe opium addicted women showed that the concentration of morphine like substances in their milk ranged from 0-250 ng/cm 3 . Poppy seed and rice were investigated by both GC and RIA. Poppy seed from four different sources were investigated for morphine and codeine. Over 1,200 ng of the compounds were detected in one gram of all the specimen studied and codeine was present in higher concentration. Determination with RIA gave a range of 2,000-6,200 ng in one gram of the seeds. No detectable amount of morphine or codeine was found with GC in either 4 samples of rice obtained from hill tribe villages or in one sample of low land rice whereas 0.4-2.5 ng/g were detected with RIA

  16. Investigación mexicana significativa en Ciencias de Salud 1999-2004. Un análisis bibliométrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Judith Licea de Arenas

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Las condiciones económicas de México han contribuido al empobrecimiento de sus habitantes y, por consiguiente, al deterioro de su salud. Por tanto, si la investigación contribuye al desarrollo, el estudio de la investigación significativa, es decir, aquella cuyos resultados científicos aparecen en un número reducido de revistas, principio a menudo denominado Ley de Bradford, éste se justifica. Así, el propósito de esta investigación es determinar cuál ha sido el crecimiento científico para poder asumir con evidencias empíricas que los investigadores mexicanos han superado las dificultades de publicar en las revistas más relevantes, o sea las significativas. La construcción de datos empíricos se basó en las listas compiladas por Garfield, que comprenden 200 títulos de revistas que alcanzaron los más altos factores de impacto en un lapso de 15 años. Un total de 155 títulos orientados hacia las ciencias de la salud se incluyeron en el análisis realizado a través de la Web of Science. Se identificaron 1,293 registros publicados en el periodo 1999-2004 de un total de 829,400 artículos aparecidos en esos títulos y en el mismo periodo a nivel mundial. En dos entidades del país se concentró el 80% de la investigación significativa que se realiza en México donde la investigación en salud está a cargo de las instituciones públicas, principalmente las académicas. Las disciplinas en las que hubo mayor actividad científica fueron la bioquímica & biología molecular, neurociencias, medicina general & interna, inmunología y microbiología. Se concluye que los investigadores mexicanos han vencido las dificultades relacionadas con la publicación de artículos en las revistas más centrales, si bien las instituciones mexicanas tienen que esforzarse aún más para que la investigación se refleje en publicaciones que lleven a su incorporación a un mercado de la ciencia visible, el que cuenta

  17. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    mildew-susceptible genotypes of opium poppy · Mukesh K. Dubey Ajit K. Shasany Om P. Dhawan Ashutosh K. Shukla Suman P. S. Khanuja · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. Downy mildew (DM) caused by Peronospora arborescens, is a ...

  18. The role of obesity, physical activityand dietary factors on the risk for breast cancer: mexican experience El papel de la obesidad, la actividad física y los factores dietéticos en el riesgo de cáncer de mama: la experiencia mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabelle Romieu

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available We provide an overview of the role of adiposity, physical activity and diet in the risk for breast cancer in Mexican women. Lack of physical activity, diets high in carbohydrates and in glycemic load and low intake of folate and vitamin B12 have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in Mexican women, in particular postmenopausal breast cancer. Other dietary factors that may begin to play a more relevant role in breast cancer incidence in Mexico are alcohol intake and vitamin D status. Recommendations to maintain a healthy weight, practice moderate physical activity, decrease intake of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and increase consumption of fruits and vegetables could have an important impact on the epidemic of breast cancer in Mexico.Se proporciona una revisión general del papel de la adiposidad, la actividad física y la dieta sobre el riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas. La falta de actividad física, una dieta alta en hidratos de carbono y en carga glicémica y la baja ingesta de ácido fólico y vitamina B12 se han relacionado con un aumento en el riesgo de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas, sobre todo en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Otros factores dietéticos que han tenido un papel más relevante en la incidencia de cáncer de mama en México son la ingesta de alcohol y las concentraciones de vitamina D. Las recomendaciones sobre cómo mantener un peso saludable, realizar actividad física moderada, disminuir la ingesta de hidratos de carbono de absorción rápida e incrementar el consumo de frutas y verduras podrían tener un impacto importante en la disminución de la epidemia de cáncer de mama en México.

  19. 78 FR 69130 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application: Johnson Matthey, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-11-18

    ... Coca Leaves (9040) II Thebaine (9333) II Opium, raw (9600) II Noroxymorphone (9668) II Poppy Straw..., which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act (21 U.S.C. 952(a)(2)(B)) may, in the...

  20. The Efficacy of Foreign Assistance in Counter Narcotics

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-01

    ACI Were Initiated. ...........................................................................................................15 Figure 3. Coffee ...Crop Reduction Components)...................................................................................25 Table 6. Colombian Coffee Prices in U.S...drug trafficking. Due to the covert nature of narcotics transactions, scholars are limited to estimations based on coca, poppy, and cannabis

  1. The Medical Insurance for a New Generation: a viable answer for the health needs of Mexican children Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación: una respuesta viable a las necesidades de salud de la niñez mexicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Onofre Muñoz-Hernández

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the Medical Insurance for a New Generation (SMNG as key public policy aimed at improving health care services for children under the age of five years in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper analyzes interrelated aspects of public policies to provide health care to Mexican children: a the demographic and health status of children, with emphasis on the wide disparities between children of varying demographics; b the relationship of the main functions of a health care system: financing, equity, access and quality, with the provision of health care for children; c the architecture of the Medical Insurance for a New Generation. CONCLUSION: SMNG is a program that can be instrumental in lowering infant mortality and alleviating the burden of families to care for sick children by improving access, quality of care and equity.OBJETIVO: Describir la importancia del Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación (SMNG como un elemento clave de las políticas públicas mexicanas destinadas a mejorar los servicios de salud para los niños menores de cinco años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este artículo analiza aspectos interrelacionados con la salud de los niños mexicanos: a las disparidades del estado de salud entre los niños con distintas características demográficas, b la relación de las funciones del sistema de salud: finaciamiento, equidad, acceso y calidad, con la provisión de servicios de salud para los niños, c El diseño del Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación como herramienta para disminuir las brechas de desigualdad en la niñez mexicana. CONCLUSIÓN: El SMNG es un programa cuyo principal objetivo es fortalecer los servicios de salud desde el lado de la demanda. SMNG puede contribuir a reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad en los menores de cinco años y aliviar la carga de las familias para el cuidado de sus niños enfermos, mejorando el acceso, la calidad de los servicios de salud y la equidad.

  2. PARÁMETROS DE HUMEDAD DE 63 MADERAS LATIFOLIADAS MEXICANAS EN FUNCIÓN DE SU DENSIDAD BÁSICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. C. Tamarit-Urias

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available La madera es un material higroscópico ya que tiene la propiedad de aumentar o disminuir su contenido de humedad en relación directa con los cambios de humedad relativa, es anisotrópica por que sus cambiosdimensionales son diferentes según sea ladirección tangencial, radial o longitudinal. Sus propiedades son afectadas debido a cambios en su contenido de humedad. Conocer y entender los parámetros de humedad es importante en los procesos de secado e impregnación para obtener una materia prima de calidad en la elaboración de productos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los modelos que interpretan el comportamiento de 63 maderas latifoliadas mexicanas respecto a las correlaciones entre la densidad básica (DB y los parámetros de humedad, siendo estos el punto de saturación de la fibra (PSF, contenido de humedad libre (CHL y máximo contenido de humedad (MCH. En un rango de DB de 1.05 a 0.29 g·cm-3, se encontró que el PSF estimado varía del 13 a 38 %, en tanto que el ajustado tiene un comportamiento logarítmico y varía del 15 a 35 %. El CHL estimado varía del 9 a 243 % y el ajustado presenta un comportamiento exponencial variando del 14 a 238 %. El MCH estimado varía del 29 a 279 % y el ajustado exhibió un comportamiento exponencial variando del 28 a 250 %. Estos mismos parámetros de humedad expresados en l·m-3 presentaron el siguiente comportamiento el PSF estimado varía de 219 a 86 l·m-3, en tanto que el ajustado tiene un comportamiento polinomial de tercer grado y varía de 215 a 96 l·m-3. El CHL estimado varía de 94 a 707 l·m-3 en tanto que el ajustado presenta un comportamiento lineal y varía de 128 a 699 l·m-3. Por su parte el MCH estimado varía del 313 a 810 l·m-3, mientras que el MCH ajustado exhibió un comportamiento lineal con el mismo intervalo de variación.

  3. “Presencia de la masonería alemana en México: Carlos de Gagern (1826-1885”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Celis de la Cruz

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este texto explica la participación del Teniente Carlos de Gagern en México durante la Guerra de Reforma, la Intervención francesa y en la vida política de la República Restaurada. Como hombre ilustrado perteneció a la Sociedad de Geografía y Estadística de la República Mexicana, fue escritor, periodista y político. Por sus méritos militares e intelectuales le fue otorgada la nacionalidad mexicana. Según las fuentes consultadas perteneció a la masonería alemana, mexicana y norteamericana.

  4. Diferencias sociodemográficas entre usuarios de inhalables, usuarios de otras drogas y adolescentes no consumidores en una muestra mexicana de estudiantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Elena Medina-Mora

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: los inhalables como el pegamento, el thinner y otros derivados del petróleo son uno de los grupos de sustancias más utilizados entre la población adolescente mexicana. Estudios recientes han mostrado que, junto con la mariguana, los inhalables son el tipo de droga de preferencia de la población joven. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio es determinar los factores que diferencian a los usuarios de inhalables de los usuarios de otras drogas, así como de quienes no las consumen. Método: se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta de Estudiantes 2009 del Distrito Federal, la cual contó con la participación de 22 mil 980 estudiantes de secundaria y preparatoria. Resultados: los usuarios de inhalables son más jóvenes, provienen de niveles con menos recursos y sus padres y madres tienen menor nivel de escolaridad que los padres de los no usuarios; encontramos además que los usuarios de inhalables provienen de lugares en los que se tolera más el consumo de drogas, incluyendo el entorno familiar y social; son importantes también la disponibilidad y la oportunidad de consumo. En comparación con quienes consumen otras drogas, los usuarios de inhalables son más impulsivos, tienen más amigos con problemas antisociales y, con más frecuencia, reportan algún familiar usuario de drogas. Discusión y conclusiones: nuestros resultados reafirman la necesidad de diseñar programas de prevención que no se enfoquen únicamente en el consumo de drogas, sino en los factores familiares y socialesrelacionados con un mayor riesgo de consumo.

  5. 76 FR 51399 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-18

    ..., concentrate of poppy straw or coca leaves. As explained in the Correction to Notice of Application pertaining... schedule I or II, which fall under the authority of section 1002(a)(2)(B) of the Act (21 U.S.C. 952(a)(2)(B...

  6. Venezuela: Issues in the 111th Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-03

    Congressional Research Service 12 telecommunications, electricity, and steel companies, as well as cement, coffee , sugar, flour, and milk...poppy, and cannabis cultivation in the common Sierra de Perijá mountain area bordering the two countries. In 2008 and 2009, Venezuela installed 10

  7. Effects of fluorine on the germination of some species of seeds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Navara, J; Holub, Z; Bedatsova, L

    1966-01-01

    The various degrees of tolerance of the seeds of some species of plants towards fluorine and their ability to accumulate fluorine under experimental conditions are presented. The effects of fluorine on the germination of seeds manifests itself in various ways. The studied species have been divided into four groups according to their natural tolerance: (1) very sensitive: pea, soya, vetch and cabbage; (2) sensitive: radish, barley, cole; (3) less sensitive: maize, cauliflower, alfalfa, mustard, oats, clover kohlrabi; and (4) tolerant: poppy, carrot, tomato. Highly tolerant species are capable of accumulating considerable amounts of fluorine when compared with the more sensitive species. A more intensive accumulation of fluorine has been noticed in the oleaginous species, viz. mustard and poppy. A correlation was found to exist between the ash contents (especially of calcium) and the ability of a greater accumulation of fluorine. 23 references, 6 figures, 2 tables.

  8. Isotopomer profiling of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes reveals important roles for succinate fermentation and aspartate uptake in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) anaplerosis, glutamate synthesis, and growth.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saunders, Eleanor C; Ng, William W; Chambers, Jennifer M; Ng, Milica; Naderer, Thomas; Krömer, Jens O; Likic, Vladimir A; McConville, Malcolm J

    2011-08-05

    Leishmania parasites proliferate within nutritionally complex niches in their sandfly vector and mammalian hosts. However, the extent to which these parasites utilize different carbon sources remains poorly defined. In this study, we have followed the incorporation of various (13)C-labeled carbon sources into the intracellular and secreted metabolites of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (13)C NMR. [U-(13)C]Glucose was rapidly incorporated into intermediates in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the cytoplasmic carbohydrate reserve material, mannogen. Enzymes involved in the upper glycolytic pathway are sequestered within glycosomes, and the ATP and NAD(+) consumed by these reactions were primarily regenerated by the fermentation of phosphoenolpyruvate to succinate (glycosomal succinate fermentation). The initiating enzyme in this pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, was exclusively localized to the glycosome. Although some of the glycosomal succinate was secreted, most of the C4 dicarboxylic acids generated during succinate fermentation were further catabolized in the TCA cycle. A high rate of TCA cycle anaplerosis was further suggested by measurement of [U-(13)C]aspartate and [U-(13)C]alanine uptake and catabolism. TCA cycle anaplerosis is apparently needed to sustain glutamate production under standard culture conditions. Specifically, inhibition of mitochondrial aconitase with sodium fluoroacetate resulted in the rapid depletion of intracellular glutamate pools and growth arrest. Addition of high concentrations of exogenous glutamate alleviated this growth arrest. These findings suggest that glycosomal and mitochondrial metabolism in Leishmania promastigotes is tightly coupled and that, in contrast to the situation in some other trypanosomatid parasites, the TCA cycle has crucial anabolic functions.

  9. 76 FR 7234 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-09

    ... 64743, Johnson Matthey, Inc., Pharmaceutical Materials, 2003 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey... Concentrate of Poppy Straw (9670) II The company plans to import the listed controlled substances as raw...), and determined that the registration of Johnson Matthey, Inc. to import the basic classes of...

  10. 75 FR 32505 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-08

    ... Johnson Matthey, Inc. to ensure that the company's registration is consistent with the public interest... 55858), Johnson Matthey, Inc., Pharmaceutical Materials, 2003 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey... Poppy Straw Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the listed controlled substances as raw...

  11. “La nación mexicana llega hasta donde estamos los mexicanos”. Los partidos políticos mexicanos y su participación política transnacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stephanie Schütze

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available “La nación mexicana llega hasta donde se encuentran los mexicanos”, fue la respuesta de un funcionario del Partido Acción Nacional (PAN a la pregunta sobre la fundación de partidos políticos mexicanos en Estados Unidos y su participación transnacional.  Actualmente existen en los Estados Unidos estructuras organizativas de los tres partidos políticos mexicanos más importantes, los cuales buscan tomar parte en la política de su país de origen atravesando la frontera: El Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI, que gobernó México por 71 años, hasta el año 2000; el Partido Acción Nacional (PAN, del recién electo presidente Felipe Calderón y el Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD, que surgió del movimiento por la democratización a finales de los años ochenta. Los partidos políticos mexicanos en Estados Unidos se empezaron a formar en los años noventa. Aunque todavía tienen estructuras muy dispersas, hay un proceso de expansion de grupos de apoyo, comités de base y comités estatales, principalmente en California, Texas, Nueva York, Illinois y Nuevo México. Al interior de sus estructuras partidarias buscan la manera de formar parte en los comités nacionales en México.

  12. ¿La infraestructura educativa en las Instituciones de Educación Superior públicas mexicanas cumplen con las nuevas demandas del Siglo XXI?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandra Torres Landa López

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Los grandes avances de la tecnología han provocado evidentes cambios en la mayor parte de las actividades de la sociedad; en el ámbito educativo es evidente la incorporación de tecnología de información y comunicación (TIC y los cambios que esto ha provocado. Ante esta situación, surge la pregunta: ¿la infraestructura educativa proporciona ambientes de aprendizaje convenientes para que se lleven a cabo los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje que la sociedad del siglo XXI demanda? El objetivo de este artículo es compartir la inquietud sobre la necesidad de poner mayor atención a las características de la infraestructura educativa de las instituciones de educación superior (IES públicas mexicanas, específicamente de aquellas que inciden en la formación de arquitectos y urbanistas mexicanos. A partir de un rastreo de fuentes y una primera revisión de literatura, se presentan las tendencias que guiarán una investigación más amplia en dos grandes áreas: la disciplinar y la socioeducativa. Se mencionan algunos de los estudios y líneas de investigación encontrados sobre el tema, principalmente con respecto a los docentes, los métodos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, así como la evaluación institucional, elementos implicados en el proceso educativo en la formación de arquitectos y urbanistas. De igual manera, se muestran algunas de las investigaciones identificadas sobre infraestructura educativa, en la que se identifican estudios en tres dimensiones: la bibliohemerográfica, la física y la tecnológica, lo que ayudará a construir el estado de conocimiento de la investigación.

  13. Pragmatismo corporativo. Estado y empresarios frente a la crisis de la agroindustria azucarera mexicana en la década de 1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Crespo, Horacio

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available The Mexican sugar industry had undergone relapsing overproduction crises due to structural supply-demand imbalances and low competitiveness. Exports were confined to eventual stock surpluses which lowered the domestic, profit-depending prices. This article studies the State reaction to stock accumulation after the 1930 Depression, which endangered the viability of a key sector in rural employment. This reaction was based on the expansion of the domestic market, the conversion of sugar into a salary good, as well as the cartelization and regularization of sugar production by the Government. This latter, in its turn gave access facilities to official credit in order to finance the performance and expansion of the sugar business. The success of this program was one of the most outstanding cases of public intervention in the political economy in the thirties and later.

    La industria azucarera mexicana sufrió reiteradas crisis de sobreproducción por desajustes estructurales entre oferta y demanda y, por su escasa competitividad, sólo exportó para paliar eventuales excesos de existencias que deprimían el precio interno, del que dependían sus ganancias. Este artículo analiza la respuesta del Estado a la acumulación de stocks tras la depresión de 1930, que puso en peligro la viabilidad de un sector clave en el empleo rural, basada en la expansión del mercado interno, la conversión del azúcar en un bien salario, la cartelización de su producción y su completa regularización por parte del Gobierno, que a cambio facilitó el acceso al crédito oficial para financiar las operaciones y expansión del negocio. El éxito del programa fue uno de los hechos más destacados de la política de intervención pública en la economía a partir de los años treinta.

  14. Probabilistic and Stochastic Methods in Analysis, with Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    1992-01-01

    Universitaria (1428), Cap.Fed. Argentina Ursula Molter ummolter@poppy .waterloo. edu (Other addresses the same.) a The theory of iterated fuzzy set...Sciences. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, 1991. [10] J.P. Delhomme. Modeles de simulation et de gestion des resources en eau des basins de

  15. M-X Environmental Technical Report. Environmental Characteristics of Alternative Designated Deployment Areas, Protected Species.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1980-12-22

    purple- spined hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus engelmanii var. purpureus), the Siler pin- cushion cactus (Pediocactus sileri), and the dwarf bear poppy...WHITE RIVER SPINE DACE K WHITE RIVER DESERT SUCKER L WHITE RIVER SPRINGFISH M PAHRANAGAT ROUNDTAIL CHUB* N PAHRUMP KILLIFISH" O MOAPA DACE* P LAHONTAN

  16. 77 FR 60143 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Cody Laboratories, Inc.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-10-02

    ... importer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Opium, raw (9600) II... several controlled substances that are manufactured from opium raw, and poppy straw concentrate. The..., or protocols in effect on May 1, 1971. DEA has investigated Cody Laboratories, Inc., to ensure that...

  17. 76 FR 16413 - Pesticide Products; Registration Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-23

    ..., lunaria, meadowfoam, milkweed, mustard seed, oil radish, poppy seed, rapeseed (canola), sesame, and sweet... treatment on alfalfa, potato, and rice; seed treatment on alfalfa, barley, dry bean and peas (crop subgroup 6C), potato, rice, soybeans, triticale, and wheat; and nursery seed and seedlings of conifers and...

  18. De toepassing van gedeelde stikstofgiften bij enkele zaadgewassen

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Roon, van E.

    1959-01-01

    The influence was studied of split dressings of N on susceptibility to lodging, on yields of grain and straw and on seed quality of a number of seed crops: poppy (Papaver somniferum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus), caraway (Carum carvi), winter swede-like oilrape (Brassica

  19. Medicinal aspects of opium as described in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heydari, Mojtaba; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Zargaran, Arman

    2013-01-01

    Throughout history, opium has been used as a base for the opioid class of drugs used to suppress the central nervous system. Opium is a substance extracted from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Its consumption and medicinal application date back to antiquity. In the medieval period, Avicenna, a famous Persian scholar (980-1037 AD) described poppy under the entry Afion of his medical encyclopedia Canon of Medicine. Various effects of opium consumption, both wanted and unwanted are discussed in the encyclopedia. The text mentions the effects of opioids such as analgesic, hypnotic, antitussive, gastrointestinal, cognitive, respiratory depression, neuromuscular disturbance, and sexual dysfunction. It also refers to its potential as a poison. Avicenna describes several methods of delivery and recommendations for doses of the drug. Most of opioid effects described by Avicenna have subsequently been confirmed by modern research, and other references to opium use in medieval texts call for further investigation. This article highlights an important aspect of the medieval history of medicine.

  20. Estructura factorial del inventario Leisure Coping Belief Scale en una muestra mexicana (Structure Factor of the Leisure Coping Belief Scale Inventory in a Mexican Sample

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Minerva Vanegas-Farfano

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen Los pasatiempos, vistos como actividades que fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades, aptitudes y redes sociales, fuera de la escuela o el trabajo, presentan opciones físicas, intelectuales y económicas, capaces de apoyar el desarrollo personal y el manejo del estrés en todo tipo de poblaciones. Por ello, este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de cuatro subescalas del cuestionario Leisure Coping Belief Scale (LCBS en 132 adultos de población mexicana. El análisis factorial apoya su dimensionalidad y estructura factorial en cuatro factores, como en el modelo original. La consistencia interna del inventario refleja una adecuada confiabilidad. Se evidencia que la LCBS-M es una medida válida y fiable para continuar realizando estudios sobre las creencias en torno al uso de los pasatiempos como estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mexicanos. Abstract Hobbies, seen as activities that promote the development of abilities, skills, and social networks, outside of school or work, present physical, intellectual and economic options, able to support the personal development and stress management in all types of populations. Therefore, this study analyzes the psychometric properties of four subscales of the questionnaire Leisure Coping Belief Scale (LCBS in 132 adults of Mexican population. The factorial analysis supports its dimensionality and factorial structure in four factors, such as in the original model. The internal consistency of the inventory reflects adequate reliability. It is evident that the LCBS-M is a valid and reliable measure to continue the studies on beliefs about the use of the hobbies as coping strategies in Mexican adults.