Transferencia de genes in vitro con polímeros catiónicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frank Camacho

2006-04-01

Full Text Available La transferencia de genes representa una importante herramienta para el estudio, prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades genéticas y adquiridas así como para estudios relacionados con la función de proteínas de interés. El uso de moléculas catiónicas está ampliamente difundido, ya que su eficiencia en la transfección las convierte en un fuerte rival de otros métodos de transferencia de genes. En este trabajo se transfectaron las líneas celulares COS-7 y BHK-21 con el plásmido psnEGFP que usó los polímeros catiónicos polietilenimina (PEI y DEAE dextrana. Al medir la eficiencia de transfección se observó que la línea celular BHK-21 deviene en una excelente opción para la transfección con el método de la PEI y que los mejores resultados se obtienen al disolver PEI en NaCl 150 mM. Al centrifugar las placas después de añadidos los complejos ADN-PEI se obtiene cerca del 100% de células transfectadas con bajas concentraciones de ADN.

The SOS and RpoS Regulons Contribute to Bacterial Cell Robustness to Genotoxic Stress by Synergistically Regulating DNA Polymerase Pol II.

Science.gov (United States)

Dapa, Tanja; Fleurier, Sébastien; Bredeche, Marie-Florence; Matic, Ivan

2017-07-01

Mitomycin C (MMC) is a genotoxic agent that induces DNA cross-links, DNA alkylation, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MMC induces the SOS response and RpoS regulons in Escherichia coli SOS-encoded functions are required for DNA repair, whereas the RpoS regulon is typically induced by metabolic stresses that slow growth. Thus, induction of the RpoS regulon by MMC may be coincidental, because DNA damage slows growth; alternatively, the RpoS regulon may be an adaptive response contributing to cell survival. In this study, we show that the RpoS regulon is primarily induced by MMC-induced ROS production. We also show that RpoS regulon induction is required for the survival of MMC-treated growing cells. The major contributor to RpoS-dependent resistance to MMC treatment is DNA polymerase Pol II, which is encoded by the polB gene belonging to the SOS regulon. The observation that polB gene expression is controlled by the two major stress response regulons that are required to maximize survival and fitness further emphasizes the key role of this DNA polymerase as an important factor in genome stability. Copyright © 2017 by the Genetics Society of America.

Roles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerases Polη and Polζ in response to irradiation by simulated sunlight

Science.gov (United States)

Kozmin, Stanislav G.; Pavlov, Youri I.; Kunkel, Thomas A.; Sage, Evelyne

2003-01-01

Sunlight causes lesions in DNA that if unrepaired and inaccurately replicated by DNA polymerases yield mutations that result in skin cancer in humans. Two enzymes involved in translesion synthesis (TLS) of UV-induced photolesions are DNA polymerase η (Polη) and polymerase ζ (Polζ), encoded by the RAD30A and REV3 genes, respectively. Previous studies have investigated the TLS roles of these polymerases in human and yeast cells irradiated with monochromatic, short wavelength UVC radiation (254 nm). However, less is known about cellular responses to solar radiation, which is of higher and mixed wavelengths (310–1100 nm) and produces a different spectrum of DNA lesions, including Dewar photoproducts and oxidative lesions. Here we report on the comparative cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of simulated sunlight (SSL) and UVC radiation on yeast wild-type, rad30Δ, rev3Δ and rev3Δ rad30Δ strains. The results with SSL support several previous interpretations on the roles of these two polymerases in TLS of photodimers and (6–4) photoproducts derived from studies with UVC. They further suggest that Polη participates in the non-mutagenic bypass of SSL-dependent cytosine-containing Dewar photoproducts and 8-oxoguanine, while Polζ is mainly responsible for the mutagenic bypass of all types of Dewar photoproducts. They also suggest that in the absence of Polζ, Polη contributes to UVC- and SSL-induced mutagenesis, possibly by the bypass of photodimers containing deaminated cytosine. PMID:12888515

La Construcción política del carisma las imágenes de los líderes y su impacto electoral en España /

OpenAIRE

Rico, Guillem

2008-01-01

Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Esta investigación examina los factores que inciden en la evaluación de los líderes políticos y analiza la influencia de tales evaluaciones en las decisiones de voto de los españoles. El impacto electoral de las imágenes de los candidatos en las democracias parlamentarias no ha recibido mucha atención por parte de la ciencia política, y los escasos trabajos existentes a menudo han llevado a conclusiones contradictorias. ...

La política exterior canadiense en el gobierno de Stephen Harper: entre la convicción y la polémica

OpenAIRE

Santín Peña, Oliver

2015-01-01

Resumen: Este trabajo revisa acontecimientos que han marcado la política exterior canadiense del gobierno del primer ministro Stephen Harper, explicando los orígenes y dinámicas que han posibilitado nuevos posicionamientos en la arena internacional al ir alejándose de postulados tradicionales que privilegiaban el multilateralismo y la protección del medio ambiente, lo cual ha generado polémicas y cuestionamientos al gobierno conservador de Ottawa, sobre todo a raíz de su salida del Protocolo ...

Las imágenes de las mujeres políticas en la era del Politeinment y la postelevisión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Panke

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La mínima presencia de las mujeres en la política no es solo una característica en Latinoamérica. En los últimos años fueron electas líderes para la Presidencia de Nación en Chile, Argentina y Brasil, así como otras candidatas mujeres tuvieron participación destacada en Perú y México. En ese contexto, la difusión o promoción de imágenes de las mujeres políticas sigue atada a estereotipos clásicos, y se las presentan desde sus características maternales, protectoras o de alguna manera relacionadas a la fragilidad. Aquí buscamos discutir esas cuestiones teniendo como fundamentación en las teorías mediáticas de la televisión y la conformación de nuevos géneros como el politeiment.

La carrera política y el capital político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Alcántara-Sáez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se trata de una propuesta de naturaleza teórica para el estudio de las carreras políticas desde la perspectiva de la existencia de tres momentos diferentes (entrada, desempeño y salida, en conformidad con el uso del capital político que gestionan los políticos. Se abordan teóricamente distintos patrones de capital político así como su impacto sobre las trayectorias políticas seguidas. El peso del tiempo transcurrido y los ingresos recibidos por la actividad política son igualmente considerados. Político es aquella persona que es elegida en un proceso electoral y/o que es nominada en un puesto de confianza por alguien elegido, también lo es quien tiene un cargo orgánico en una institución como un partido político. A ello debe sumarse recibir una remuneración por esa actividad.

An Intelligent Method of Product Scheme Design Based on Product Gene

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qing Song Ai

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, in order to have some featured products, many customers tend to buy customized products instead of buying common ones in supermarket. The manufacturing enterprises, with the purpose of improving their competitiveness, are focusing on providing customized products with high quality and low cost as well. At present, how to produce customized products rapidly and cheaply has been the key challenge to manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, an intelligent modeling approach applied to supporting the modeling of customized products is proposed, which may improve the efficiency during the product design process. Specifically, the product gene (PG method, which is an analogy of biological evolution in engineering area, is employed to model products in a new way. Based on product gene, we focus on the intelligent modeling method to generate product schemes rapidly and automatically. The process of our research includes three steps: (1 develop a product gene model for customized products; (2 find the obtainment and storage method for product gene; and (3 propose a specific genetic algorithm used for calculating the solution of customized product and generating new product schemes. Finally, a case study is applied to test the usefulness of our study.

Atypical DNA methylation of genes encoding cysteine-rich peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

You Wanhui

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In plants, transposons and non-protein-coding repeats are epigenetically silenced by CG and non-CG methylation. This pattern of methylation is mediated in part by small RNAs and two specialized RNA polymerases, termed Pol IV and Pol V, in a process called RNA-directed DNA methylation. By contrast, many protein-coding genes transcribed by Pol II contain in their gene bodies exclusively CG methylation that is independent of small RNAs and Pol IV/Pol V activities. It is unclear how the different methylation machineries distinguish between transposons and genes. Here we report on a group of atypical genes that display in their coding region a transposon-like methylation pattern, which is associated with gene silencing in sporophytic tissues. Results We performed a methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis to search for targets of RNA-directed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified several members of a gene family encoding cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs. In leaves, the CRP genes are silent and their coding regions contain dense, transposon-like methylation in CG, CHG and CHH contexts, which depends partly on the Pol IV/Pol V pathway and small RNAs. Methylation in the coding region is reduced, however, in the synergid cells of the female gametophyte, where the CRP genes are specifically expressed. Further demonstrating that expressed CRP genes lack gene body methylation, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of the constitutive 35 S promoter remains unmethylated in leaves and is transcribed to produce a translatable mRNA. By contrast, a CRP4-GFP fusion gene under the control of a CRP4 promoter fragment acquires CG and non-CG methylation in the CRP coding region in leaves similar to the silent endogenous CRP4 gene. Conclusions Unlike CG methylation in gene bodies, which does not dramatically affect Pol II transcription, combined CG and non-CG methylation in CRP coding regions is likely to

Gene analogue finder: a GRID solution for finding functionally analogous gene products

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Licciulli Flavio

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background To date more than 2,1 million gene products from more than 100000 different species have been described specifying their function, the processes they are involved in and their cellular localization using a very well defined and structured vocabulary, the gene ontology (GO. Such vast, well defined knowledge opens the possibility of compare gene products at the level of functionality, finding gene products which have a similar function or are involved in similar biological processes without relying on the conventional sequence similarity approach. Comparisons within such a large space of knowledge are highly data and computing intensive. For this reason this project was based upon the use of the computational GRID, a technology offering large computing and storage resources. Results We have developed a tool, GENe AnaloGue FINdEr (ENGINE that parallelizes the search process and distributes the calculation and data over the computational GRID, splitting the process into many sub-processes and joining the calculation and the data on the same machine and therefore completing the whole search in about 3 days instead of occupying one single machine for more than 5 CPU years. The results of the functional comparison contain potential functional analogues for more than 79000 gene products from the most important species. 46% of the analyzed gene products are well enough described for such an analysis to individuate functional analogues, such as well-known members of the same gene family, or gene products with similar functions which would never have been associated by standard methods. Conclusion ENGINE has produced a list of potential functionally analogous relations between gene products within and between species using, in place of the sequence, the gene description of the GO, thus demonstrating the potential of the GO. However, the current limiting factor is the quality of the associations of many gene products from non

Correlating Information Contents of Gene Ontology Terms to Infer Semantic Similarity of Gene Products

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mingxin Gan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Successful applications of the gene ontology to the inference of functional relationships between gene products in recent years have raised the need for computational methods to automatically calculate semantic similarity between gene products based on semantic similarity of gene ontology terms. Nevertheless, existing methods, though having been widely used in a variety of applications, may significantly overestimate semantic similarity between genes that are actually not functionally related, thereby yielding misleading results in applications. To overcome this limitation, we propose to represent a gene product as a vector that is composed of information contents of gene ontology terms annotated for the gene product, and we suggest calculating similarity between two gene products as the relatedness of their corresponding vectors using three measures: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, cosine similarity, and the Jaccard index. We focus on the biological process domain of the gene ontology and annotations of yeast proteins to study the effectiveness of the proposed measures. Results show that semantic similarity scores calculated using the proposed measures are more consistent with known biological knowledge than those derived using a list of existing methods, suggesting the effectiveness of our method in characterizing functional relationships between gene products.

Potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors target HIV-1 Gag-Pol.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Figueiredo

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT by binding to a pocket in RT that is close to, but distinct, from the DNA polymerase active site and prevent the synthesis of viral cDNA. NNRTIs, in particular, those that are potent inhibitors of RT polymerase activity, can also act as chemical enhancers of the enzyme's inter-subunit interactions. However, the consequences of this chemical enhancement effect on HIV-1 replication are not understood. Here, we show that the potent NNRTIs efavirenz, TMC120, and TMC125, but not nevirapine or delavirdine, inhibit the late stages of HIV-1 replication. These potent NNRTIs enhanced the intracellular processing of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins, and this was associated with a decrease in viral particle production from HIV-1-transfected cells. The increased polyprotein processing is consistent with premature activation of the HIV-1 protease by NNRTI-enhanced Gag-Pol multimerization through the embedded RT sequence. These findings support the view that Gag-Pol multimerization is an important step in viral assembly and demonstrate that regulation of Gag-Pol/Gag-Pol interactions is a novel target for small molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 production. Furthermore, these drugs can serve as useful probes to further understand processes involved in HIV-1 particle assembly and maturation.

Characterization of Mycobacterium smegmatis PolD2 and PolD1 as RNA/DNA polymerases homologous to the POL domain of bacterial DNA ligase D.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Hui; Bhattarai, Hitesh; Yan, Han-Guang; Shuman, Stewart; Glickman, Michael S

2012-12-21

Mycobacteria exploit nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) to repair DNA double-strand breaks. The core NHEJ machinery comprises the homodimeric DNA end-binding protein Ku and DNA ligase D (LigD), a modular enzyme composed of a C-terminal ATP-dependent ligase domain (LIG), a central 3'-phosphoesterase domain (PE), and an N-terminal polymerase domain (POL). LigD POL is proficient at adding templated and nontemplated deoxynucleotides and ribonucleotides to DNA ends in vitro and is the catalyst in vivo of unfaithful NHEJ events involving nontemplated single-nucleotide additions to blunt DSB ends. Here, we identify two mycobacterial proteins, PolD1 and PolD2, as stand-alone homologues of the LigD POL domain. Biochemical characterization of PolD1 and PolD2 shows that they resemble LigD POL in their monomeric quaternary structures, their ability to add templated and nontemplated nucleotides to primer-templates and blunt ends, and their preference for rNTPs versus dNTPs. Deletion of polD1, polD2, or both from a Mycobacterium smegmatis strain carrying an inactivating mutation in LigD POL failed to reveal a role for PolD1 or PolD2 in templated nucleotide additions during NHEJ of 5'-overhang DSBs or in clastogen resistance. Whereas our results document the existence and characteristics of new stand-alone members of the LigD POL family of RNA/DNA polymerases, they imply that other polymerases can perform fill-in synthesis during mycobacterial NHEJ.

The helicase domain of Polθ counteracts RPA to promote alt-NHEJ.

Science.gov (United States)

Mateos-Gomez, Pedro A; Kent, Tatiana; Deng, Sarah K; McDevitt, Shane; Kashkina, Ekaterina; Hoang, Trung M; Pomerantz, Richard T; Sfeir, Agnel

2017-12-01

Mammalian polymerase theta (Polθ) is a multifunctional enzyme that promotes error-prone DNA repair by alternative nonhomologous end joining (alt-NHEJ). Here we present structure-function analyses that reveal that, in addition to the polymerase domain, Polθ-helicase activity plays a central role during double-strand break (DSB) repair. Our results show that the helicase domain promotes chromosomal translocations by alt-NHEJ in mouse embryonic stem cells and also suppresses CRISPR-Cas9- mediated gene targeting by homologous recombination (HR). In vitro assays demonstrate that Polθ-helicase activity facilitates the removal of RPA from resected DSBs to allow their annealing and subsequent joining by alt-NHEJ. Consistent with an antagonistic role for RPA during alt-NHEJ, inhibition of RPA1 enhances end joining and suppresses recombination. Taken together, our results reveal that the balance between HR and alt-NHEJ is controlled by opposing activities of Polθ and RPA, providing further insight into the regulation of repair-pathway choice in mammalian cells.

The NSL Complex Regulates Housekeeping Genes in Drosophila

Science.gov (United States)

Raja, Sunil Jayaramaiah; Holz, Herbert; Luscombe, Nicholas M.; Manke, Thomas; Akhtar, Asifa

2012-01-01

MOF is the major histone H4 lysine 16-specific (H4K16) acetyltransferase in mammals and Drosophila. In flies, it is involved in the regulation of X-chromosomal and autosomal genes as part of the MSL and the NSL complexes, respectively. While the function of the MSL complex as a dosage compensation regulator is fairly well understood, the role of the NSL complex in gene regulation is still poorly characterized. Here we report a comprehensive ChIP–seq analysis of four NSL complex members (NSL1, NSL3, MBD-R2, and MCRS2) throughout the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Strikingly, the majority (85.5%) of NSL-bound genes are constitutively expressed across different cell types. We find that an increased abundance of the histone modifications H4K16ac, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, and H3K9ac in gene promoter regions is characteristic of NSL-targeted genes. Furthermore, we show that these genes have a well-defined nucleosome free region and broad transcription initiation patterns. Finally, by performing ChIP–seq analyses of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in NSL1- and NSL3-depleted cells, we demonstrate that both NSL proteins are required for efficient recruitment of Pol II to NSL target gene promoters. The observed Pol II reduction coincides with compromised binding of TBP and TFIIB to target promoters, indicating that the NSL complex is required for optimal recruitment of the pre-initiation complex on target genes. Moreover, genes that undergo the most dramatic loss of Pol II upon NSL knockdowns tend to be enriched in DNA Replication–related Element (DRE). Taken together, our findings show that the MOF-containing NSL complex acts as a major regulator of housekeeping genes in flies by modulating initiation of Pol II transcription. PMID:22723752

Repriming by PrimPol is critical for DNA replication restart downstream of lesions and chain-terminating nucleosides.

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Kaori; Guilliam, Thomas A; Tsuda, Masataka; Yamamoto, Junpei; Bailey, Laura J; Iwai, Shigenori; Takeda, Shunichi; Doherty, Aidan J; Hirota, Kouji

2016-08-02

PrimPol is a DNA damage tolerance enzyme possessing both translesion synthesis (TLS) and primase activities. To uncover its potential role in TLS-mediated IgVλ hypermutation and define its interplay with other TLS polymerases, PrimPol(-/-) and PrimPol(-/-)/Polη(-/-)/Polζ (-/-) gene knockouts were generated in avian cells. Loss of PrimPol had no significant impact on the rate of hypermutation or the mutation spectrum of IgVλ. However, PrimPol(-/-) cells were sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate, suggesting that it may bypass abasic sites at the IgVλ segment by repriming DNA synthesis downstream of these sites. PrimPol(-/-) cells were also sensitive to cisplatin and hydroxyurea, indicating that it assists in maintaining / restarting replication at a variety of lesions. To accurately measure the relative contribution of the TLS and primase activities, we examined DNA damage sensitivity in PrimPol(-/-) cells complemented with polymerase or primase-deficient PrimPol. Polymerase-defective, but not primase-deficient, PrimPol suppresses the hypersensitivity of PrimPol(-/-) cells. This indicates that its primase, rather than TLS activity, is pivotal for DNA damage tolerance. Loss of TLS polymerases, Polη and Polζ has an additive effect on the sensitivity of PrimPol(-/-) cells. Moreover, we found that PrimPol and Polη-Polζ redundantly prevented cell death and facilitated unperturbed cell cycle progression. PrimPol(-/-) cells also exhibited increased sensitivity to a wide variety of chain-terminating nucleoside analogs (CTNAs). PrimPol could perform close-coupled repriming downstream of CTNAs and oxidative damage in vitro. Together, these results indicate that PrimPol's repriming activity plays a central role in reinitiating replication downstream from CTNAs and other specific DNA lesions.

Involvement of specialized DNA polymerases Pol II, Pol IV and DnaE2 in DNA replication in the absence of Pol I in Pseudomonas putida

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sidorenko, Julia; Jatsenko, Tatjana; Saumaa, Signe; Teras, Riho; Tark-Dame, Mariliis; Horak, Rita; Kivisaar, Maia

2011-01-01

The majority of bacteria possess a different set of specialized DNA polymerases than those identified in the most common model organism Escherichia coli. Here, we have studied the ability of specialized DNA polymerases to substitute Pol I in DNA replication in Pseudomonas putida. Our results revealed that P. putida Pol I-deficient cells have severe growth defects in LB medium, which is accompanied by filamentous cell morphology. However, growth of Pol I-deficient bacteria on solid rich medium can be restored by reduction of reactive oxygen species in cells. Also, mutants with improved growth emerge rapidly. Similarly to the initial Pol I-deficient P. putida, its adapted derivatives express a moderate mutator phenotype, which indicates that DNA replication carried out in the absence of Pol I is erroneous both in the original Pol I-deficient bacteria and the adapted derivatives. Analysis of the spectra of spontaneous Rif r mutations in P. putida strains lacking different DNA polymerases revealed that the presence of specialized DNA polymerases Pol II and Pol IV influences the frequency of certain base substitutions in Pol I-proficient and Pol I-deficient backgrounds in opposite ways. Involvement of another specialized DNA polymerase DnaE2 in DNA replication in Pol I-deficient bacteria is stimulated by UV irradiation of bacteria, implying that DnaE2-provided translesion synthesis partially substitutes the absence of Pol I in cells containing heavily damaged DNA.

Allelism analysis of BrRfp locus in different restorer lines and map-based cloning of a fertility restorer gene, BrRfp1, for pol CMS in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Huamin; Wu, Junqing; Dai, Zihui; Qin, Meiling; Hao, Lingyu; Ren, Yanjing; Li, Qingfei; Zhang, Lugang

2017-03-01

In Chinese cabbage, there are two Rf loci for pol CMS and one of them was mapped to a 12.6-kb region containing a potential candidate gene encoding PPR protein. In Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), polima cytoplasmic male sterility (pol CMS) is an important CMS type and is widely used for hybrid breeding. By extensive test crossing in Chinese cabbage, four restorer lines (92s105, 01s325, 00s109, and 88s148) for pol CMS were screened. By analyzing the allelism of the four restorer lines, it was found that 92s105, 01s325, and 00s109 had the same "restorers of fertility" (Rf) locus (designated as BrRfp1), but 88s148 had a different Rf locus (designated as BrRfp2). For fine mapping the BrRfp1 locus of 92s105, a BC 1 F 1 population with 487 individuals and a BC 1 F 2 population with 2485 individuals were successively constructed. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from Brassica rapa reference genome and InDel markers derived from whole-genome resequencing data of 94c9 and 92s105, BrRfp1 was mapped to a 12.6-kb region containing a potential candidate gene encoding pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein. Based on the nucleotide polymorphisms of the candidate gene sequence between the restoring and nonrestoring alleles, a co-segregating marker SC718 was developed, which would be helpful for hybrid breeding by marker-assisted screening and for detecting new restorer lines.

Violencia política, nacional-sindicalismo y contrarreforma agraria : Cantabria, 1937-1941

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdón Mateos

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El ensayo analiza los orígenes del Nuevo Estado franquista en Cantabria dentro de un período más amplio (1931-1941 definido como los años revolucionarios. El autor destaca factores cualitativos como la violencia política, la política agraria y la construcción del partido de Estado.This essay analizes Franco's New State in Cantabria in tfie period The revolutionary years. Ttie author proposes this cualitative ctiaracters: Political Violence, Agrarian Politics and State's Party construction.

Encontros e desencontros entre a política e o mercado: uma antropologia das "trocas" no espaço do marketing político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Scotto

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Constata-se, neste artigo, que não há fronteiras bem definidas e rígidas entre política e mercado - pelo contrário, as articulações entre ambos são grandes. E se, por um lado, é verdade que existe uma considerável mercantilização dos interesses e das transações sociais e profissionais no campo político-eleitoral, por outro, não é menos verdade de que existe, também, uma "politização" do mercado e dos produtos e serviços oferecidos. Eventos sociais, tais como congressos de marketing político e feiras de "produtos e serviços políticos", são usados como uma porta de entrada para a análise da constelação de agentes, práticas e representações, que se articulam no marketing político e que evidenciam as tênues fronteiras entre política e mercado que permeiam esse espaço social.In this paper, we confirm that there are not well-defined rigid boundaries between politics and market - on the contrary, the articulation between both is extensive. And if, on one hand, it is true that a considerable commercialization of interests and social and professional transactions exist in the electoral-political arena, on the other hand it is no less true that there also exists a "politicization" of the market and of the products and services offered. Social events, such as political marketing conferences and fairs of "political products and services," are used as an entry door to analyze the constellation of agents, practices and representations, that are articulated in political marketing and that demonstrate the thin boundaries between politics and the market that permeate this social space.

Comparative transcript profiling of the fertile and sterile flower buds of pol CMS in B. napus.

Science.gov (United States)

An, Hong; Yang, Zonghui; Yi, Bin; Wen, Jing; Shen, Jinxiong; Tu, Jinxing; Ma, Chaozhi; Fu, Tingdong

2014-04-03

The Polima (pol) system of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and its fertility restoration gene Rfp have been used in hybrid breeding in Brassica napus, which has greatly improved the yield of rapeseed. However, the mechanism of the male sterility transition in pol CMS remains to be determined. To investigate the transcriptome during the male sterility transition in pol CMS, a near-isogenic line (NIL) of pol CMS was constructed. The phenotypic features and sterility stage were confirmed by anatomical analysis. Subsequently, we compared the genomic expression profiles of fertile and sterile young flower buds by RNA-Seq. A total of 105,481,136 sequences were successfully obtained. These reads were assembled into 112,770 unigenes, which composed the transcriptome of the bud. Among these unigenes, 72,408 (64.21%) were annotated using public protein databases and classified into functional clusters. In addition, we investigated the changes in expression of the fertile and sterile buds; the RNA-seq data showed 1,148 unigenes had significantly different expression and they were mainly distributed in metabolic and protein synthesis pathways. Additionally, some unigenes controlling anther development were dramatically down-regulated in sterile buds. These results suggested that an energy deficiency caused by orf224/atp6 may inhibit a series of genes that regulate pollen development through nuclear-mitochondrial interaction. This results in the sterility of pol CMS by leading to the failure of sporogenous cell differentiation. This study may provide assistance for detailed molecular analysis and a better understanding of pol CMS in B. napus.

A new measure for functional similarity of gene products based on Gene Ontology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lengauer Thomas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Gene Ontology (GO is a standard vocabulary of functional terms and allows for coherent annotation of gene products. These annotations provide a basis for new methods that compare gene products regarding their molecular function and biological role. Results We present a new method for comparing sets of GO terms and for assessing the functional similarity of gene products. The method relies on two semantic similarity measures; simRel and funSim. One measure (simRel is applied in the comparison of the biological processes found in different groups of organisms. The other measure (funSim is used to find functionally related gene products within the same or between different genomes. Results indicate that the method, in addition to being in good agreement with established sequence similarity approaches, also provides a means for the identification of functionally related proteins independent of evolutionary relationships. The method is also applied to estimating functional similarity between all proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to visualizing the molecular function space of yeast in a map of the functional space. A similar approach is used to visualize the functional relationships between protein families. Conclusion The approach enables the comparison of the underlying molecular biology of different taxonomic groups and provides a new comparative genomics tool identifying functionally related gene products independent of homology. The proposed map of the functional space provides a new global view on the functional relationships between gene products or protein families.

Decoding the principles underlying the frequency of association with nucleoli for RNA polymerase III–transcribed genes in budding yeast

Science.gov (United States)

Belagal, Praveen; Normand, Christophe; Shukla, Ashutosh; Wang, Renjie; Léger-Silvestre, Isabelle; Dez, Christophe; Bhargava, Purnima; Gadal, Olivier

2016-01-01

The association of RNA polymerase III (Pol III)–transcribed genes with nucleoli seems to be an evolutionarily conserved property of the spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes. However, recent studies of global chromosome architecture in budding yeast have challenged this view. We used live-cell imaging to determine the intranuclear positions of 13 Pol III–transcribed genes. The frequency of association with nucleolus and nuclear periphery depends on linear genomic distance from the tethering elements—centromeres or telomeres. Releasing the hold of the tethering elements by inactivating centromere attachment to the spindle pole body or changing the position of ribosomal DNA arrays resulted in the association of Pol III–transcribed genes with nucleoli. Conversely, ectopic insertion of a Pol III–transcribed gene in the vicinity of a centromere prevented its association with nucleolus. Pol III–dependent transcription was independent of the intranuclear position of the gene, but the nucleolar recruitment of Pol III–transcribed genes required active transcription. We conclude that the association of Pol III–transcribed genes with the nucleolus, when permitted by global chromosome architecture, provides nucleolar and/or nuclear peripheral anchoring points contributing locally to intranuclear chromosome organization. PMID:27559135

La política turística: una aproximación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicente M. Monfort Mir

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En estas páginas se efectúa una aproximación al concepto de política turística, como herramienta básica de la organización administrativa pública del turismo. El artículo esta dirigido a los estudiantes de la Diplomatura de Turismo, quienes experimentan en primera persona las dificultades que subsisten todavía para localizar bibliografía específica de lo que constituye su opción universitaria. Con esa premisa de partida se ha planteado este trabajo, cuyo objetivo es acercar a los alumnos de Turismo el concepto de política turística. Temática de probado interés que se introduce de forma escalonada, arrancando desde sus orígenes en la política económica, para llegar ulteriormente a los matices que confluyen en lo que se entiende hoy por política del turismo. Se ha pretendido proporcionar, pues, unos conocimientos básicos, a partir de las referencias bibliográficas empleadas en este trabajo, dejando su posible ampliación en manos del lector interesado por este ámbito de investigación.

Orthoretroviral-like prototype foamy virus gag-pol expression is compatible with viral replication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reh Juliane

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Foamy viruses (FVs unlike orthoretroviruses express Pol as a separate precursor protein and not as a Gag-Pol fusion protein. A unique packaging strategy, involving recognition of briding viral RNA by both Pol precursor and Gag as well as potential Gag-Pol protein interactions, ensures Pol particle encapsidation. Results Several Prototype FV (PFV Gag-Pol fusion protein constructs were generated to examine whether PFV replication is compatible with an orthoretroviral-like Pol expression. During their analysis, non-particle-associated secreted Pol precursor protein was discovered in extracellular wild type PFV particle preparations of different origin, copurifying in simple virion enrichment protocols. Different analysis methods suggest that extracellular wild type PFV particles contain predominantly mature p85PR-RT and p40IN Pol subunits. Characterization of various PFV Gag-Pol fusion constructs revealed that PFV Pol expression in an orthoretroviral manner is compatible with PFV replication as long as a proteolytic processing between Gag and Pol proteins is possible. PFV Gag-Pol translation by a HIV-1 like ribosomal frameshift signal resulted in production of replication-competent virions, although cell- and particle-associated Pol levels were reduced in comparison to wild type. In-frame fusion of PFV Gag and Pol ORFs led to increased cellular Pol levels, but particle incorporation was only marginally elevated. Unlike that reported for similar orthoretroviral constructs, a full-length in-frame PFV Gag-Pol fusion construct showed wildtype-like particle release and infectivity characteristics. In contrast, in-frame PFV Gag-Pol fusion with C-terminal Gag ORF truncations or non-removable Gag peptide addition to Pol displayed wildtype particle release, but reduced particle infectivity. PFV Gag-Pol precursor fusion proteins with inactivated protease were highly deficient in regular particle release, although coexpression of p71Gag

Global gene expression analysis of fission yeast mutants impaired in Ser-2 phosphorylation of the RNA pol II carboxy terminal domain.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reza Saberianfar

Full Text Available In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the nuclear-localized Lsk1p-Lsc1p cyclin dependent kinase complex promotes Ser-2 phosphorylation of the heptad repeats found within the RNA pol II carboxy terminal domain (CTD. Here, we first provide evidence supporting the existence of a third previously uncharacterized Ser-2 CTD kinase subunit, Lsg1p. As expected for a component of the complex, Lsg1p localizes to the nucleus, promotes Ser-2 phosphorylation of the CTD, and physically interacts with both Lsk1p and Lsc1p in vivo. Interestingly, we also demonstrate that lsg1Δ mutants--just like lsk1Δ and lsc1Δ strains--are compromised in their ability to faithfully and reliably complete cytokinesis. Next, to address whether kinase mediated alterations in CTD phosphorylation might selectively alter the expression of genes with roles in cytokinesis and/or the cytoskeleton, global gene expression profiles were analyzed. Mutants impaired in Ser-2 phosphorylation display little change with respect to the level of transcription of most genes. However, genes affecting cytokinesis--including the actin interacting protein gene, aip1--as well as genes with roles in meiosis, are included in a small subset that are differentially regulated. Significantly, genetic analysis of lsk1Δ aip1Δ double mutants is consistent with Lsk1p and Aip1p acting in a linear pathway with respect to the regulation of cytokinesis.

Dinâmica Institucional, Políticas Públicas e o Desempenho Político Ambiental Brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego de Freitas Rodrigues

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo buscou analisar os efeitos da interdependência entre instituições políticas e modelos de desenvolvimento no desempenho de políticas ambientais no Brasil. A hipótese central do trabalho é que, dada a interdependência entre os organismos responsáveis pelas políticas ambientais e padrões de desenvolvimento pouco responsivos à complexidade ambiental, ocorre uma dispersão de poder decisório incentivando o modelo de desenvolvimento de alto carbono. Além de revisão da literatura em Políticas Públicas e Economia Ecológica, foram operacionalizadas (1 uma análise do desenho político-institucional brasileiro e (2 o quadro de gastos públicos do governo federal brasileiro com meio ambiente. Dois resultados foram observados: 1o o desenho e as competências das instituições políticas responsáveis pela formulação e implementação de políticas públicas interferem na maior eficiência de políticas ambientais; 2o quanto maior a abertura institucional, maior a tendência de paralisia decisória na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas ambientais.

The Translesion Polymerase Pol η Is Required for Efficient Epstein-Barr Virus Infectivity and Is Regulated by the Viral Deubiquitinating Enzyme BPLF1.

Science.gov (United States)

Dyson, Ossie F; Pagano, Joseph S; Whitehurst, Christopher B

2017-10-01

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and lytic replication are known to induce a cellular DNA damage response. We previously showed that the virally encoded BPLF1 protein interacts with and regulates several members of the translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, a DNA damage tolerance pathway, and that these cellular factors enhance viral infectivity. BPLF1 is a late lytic cycle gene, but the protein is also packaged in the viral tegument, indicating that BPLF1 may function both early and late during infection. The BPLF1 protein expresses deubiquitinating activity that is strictly conserved across the Herpesviridae ; mutation of the active site cysteine results in a loss of enzymatic activity. Infection with an EBV BPLF1 knockout virus results in decreased EBV infectivity. Polymerase eta (Pol η), a specialized DNA repair polymerase, functions in TLS and allows for DNA replication complexes to bypass lesions in DNA. Here we report that BPLF1 interacts with Pol η and that Pol η protein levels are increased in the presence of functional BPLF1. BPLF1 promotes a nuclear relocalization of Pol η molecules which are focus-like in appearance, consistent with the localization observed when Pol η is recruited to sites of DNA damage. Knockdown of Pol η resulted in decreased production of infectious virus, and further, Pol η was found to bind to EBV DNA, suggesting that it may allow for bypass of damaged viral DNA during its replication. The results suggest a mechanism by which EBV recruits cellular repair factors, such as Pol η, to sites of viral DNA damage via BPLF1, thereby allowing for efficient viral DNA replication. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and infects approximately 90% of the world's population. It causes lymphomas in individuals with acquired and innate immune disorders and is strongly associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and

Proteolytic Processing and Assembly of gag and gag-pol Proteins of TED, a Baculovirus-Associated Retrotransposon of the Gypsy Family

Science.gov (United States)

Hajek, Kathryn L.; Friesen, Paul D.

1998-01-01

TED (transposable element D) is an env-containing member of the gypsy family of retrotransposons that represents a possible retrovirus of invertebrates. This lepidopteran (moth) retroelement contains gag and pol genes that encode proteins capable of forming viruslike particles (VLP) with reverse transcriptase. Since VLP are likely intermediates in TED transposition, we investigated the roles of gag and pol in TED capsid assembly and maturation. By using constructed baculovirus vectors and TED Gag-specific antiserum, we show that the principal translation product of gag (Pr55gag) is cleaved to produce a single VLP structural protein, p37gag. Replacement of Asp436 within the retrovirus-like active site of the pol-encoded protease (PR) abolished Pr55gag cleavage and demonstrated the requirement for PR in capsid processing. As shown by expression of an in-frame fusion of TED gag and pol, PR is derived from the Gag-Pol polyprotein Pr195gag-pol. The PR cleavage site within Pr55gag was mapped to a position near the junction of a basic, nucleocapsid-like domain and a C-terminal acidic domain. Once released by cleavage, the C-terminal fragment was not detected. This acidic fragment was dispensable for VLP assembly, as demonstrated by the formation of VLP by C-terminal Pr55gag truncation proteins and replacement of the acidic domain with a heterologous protein. In contrast, C-terminal deletions that extended into the adjacent nucleocapsid-like domain of Pr55gag abolished VLP recovery and demonstrated that this central region contributes to VLP assembly or stability, or both. Collectively, these data suggest that the single TED protein p37gag provides both capsid and nucleocapsid functions. TED may therefore use a simple processing strategy for VLP assembly and genome packaging. PMID:9765414

Human Pol ζ purified with accessory subunits is active in translesion DNA synthesis and complements Pol η in cisplatin bypass.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Young-Sam; Gregory, Mark T; Yang, Wei

2014-02-25

DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ) is a eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerase that specializes in translesion synthesis and is essential for normal embryogenesis. At a minimum, Pol ζ consists of a catalytic subunit Rev3 and an accessory subunit Rev7. Mammalian Rev3 contains >3,000 residues and is twice as large as the yeast homolog. To date, no vertebrate Pol ζ has been purified for biochemical characterization. Here we report purification of a series of human Rev3 deletion constructs expressed in HEK293 cells and identification of a minimally catalytically active human Pol ζ variant. With a tagged form of an active Pol ζ variant, we isolated two additional accessory subunits of human Pol ζ, PolD2 and PolD3. The purified four-subunit Pol ζ4 (Rev3-Rev7-PolD2-PolD3) is much more efficient and more processive at bypassing a 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG)-cisplatin cross-link than the two-subunit Pol ζ2 (Rev3-Rev7). We show that complete bypass of cisplatin lesions requires Pol η to insert dCTP opposite the 3' guanine and Pol ζ4 to extend the primers.

In Vitro Transduction and Target-Mutagenesis Efficiency of HIV-1 pol Gene Targeting ZFN and CRISPR/Cas9 Delivered by Various Plasmids and/or Vectors: Toward an HIV Cure.

Science.gov (United States)

Okee, Moses; Bayiyana, Alice; Musubika, Carol; Joloba, Moses L; Ashaba-Katabazi, Fred; Bagaya, Bernard; Wayengera, Misaki

2018-01-01

Efficiency of artificial restriction enzymes toward curing HIV has only been separately examined, using differing delivery vehicles. We compared the in vitro transduction and target-mutagenesis efficiency of consortium plasmid and adenoviral vector delivered HIV-1 pol gene targeting zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) with CRISPR/Cas, Custom-ZFN, CRISPR-Cas-9, and plasmids and vectors (murCTSD_pZFN, pGS-U-gRNA, pCMV-Cas-D01A, Ad5-RGD); cell lines (TZM-bl and ACH-2/J-Lat cells); and the latency reversing agents prostratin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Cell lines were grown in either Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or Roswell Park Memorial Institute with the antibiotics kanamycin, zeocin, and efavirenz. Efficiency was assayed by GFP/luciferase activity and/or validated by yeast MEL1 reporter assay, CEL1 restriction fragment assay, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ad5-RGD vectors had better transduction efficiency than murCTSD and pGS-U-gRNA/pCMV-Cas-D01A plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited better target-mutagenesis efficiency relative to ZFN (delivered by either plasmid or Ad5 vector) based on gel electrophoresis of pol gene amplicons within ACH-2 and J-Lat cells. Ad-5-RGD vectors enhanced target mutagenesis of ZFN, relative to murCTSD_pZFN plasmids, to levels of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids. Similar reduction of luciferase activity among TZM-bl treated with Ad5-ZFN vectors relative to CRISPR/Cas-9 and murCTSD_pZFN plasmids was observed on challenge with HIV-1. qRT-PCR of HIV-1 pol gene transcripts affirmed that Ad5 (RGD) vectors enhanced target mutagenesis of ZFN. Whereas CRISPR/Cas-9 may possess inherent superior target-mutagenesis efficiency; the efficiency of ZFN (off-target toxicity withstanding) can be enhanced by altering delivery vehicle from plasmid to Ad5 (RGD) vectors.

Functional characterization of Pol III U6 promoters for gene knockdown and knockout in Plutella xylostella.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yuping; Wang, Yajun; Zeng, Baosheng; Liu, Zhaoxia; Xu, Xuejiao; Meng, Qian; Huang, Yongping; Yang, Guang; Vasseur, Liette; Gurr, Geoff M; You, Minsheng

2017-10-01

RNA polymerase type III (Pol-III) promoters such as U6 are commonly used to express small RNAs, including short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Functional U6 promoters are widely used in CRISPR systems, and their characterization can facilitate genome editing of non-model organisms. In the present study, six U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters containing two conserved elements of a proximal sequence element (PSEA) and a TATA box, were identified and characterized in the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) genome. Relative efficiency of the U6 promoters to express shRNA induced EGFP knockdown was tested in a P. xylostella cell line, revealing that the PxU6:3 promoter had the strongest expression effect. Further work with the PxU6:3 promoter showed its efficacy in EGFP knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system in the cells. The expression plasmids with versatile Pxabd-A gene specific sgRNA driven by the PxU6:3 promoter, combined with Cas9 mRNA, could induce mutagenesis at specific genomic loci in vivo. The phenotypes induced by sgRNA expression plasmids were similar to those done in vitro transcription sgRNAs. A plasmid with two tandem arranged PxU6:3:sgRNA expression cassettes targeting Pxabd-A loci was generated, which caused a 28,856 bp fragment deletion, suggesting that the multi-sgRNA expression plasmid can be used for multi-targeting. Our work indicates that U6 snRNA promoters can be used for functional studies of genes with the approach of reverse genetics in P. xylostella. These essential promoters also provide valuable potential for CRISPR-derived gene drive as a tactic for population control in this globally significant pest. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Decoding the principles underlying the frequency of association with nucleoli for RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes in budding yeast.

Science.gov (United States)

Belagal, Praveen; Normand, Christophe; Shukla, Ashutosh; Wang, Renjie; Léger-Silvestre, Isabelle; Dez, Christophe; Bhargava, Purnima; Gadal, Olivier

2016-10-15

The association of RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-transcribed genes with nucleoli seems to be an evolutionarily conserved property of the spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes. However, recent studies of global chromosome architecture in budding yeast have challenged this view. We used live-cell imaging to determine the intranuclear positions of 13 Pol III-transcribed genes. The frequency of association with nucleolus and nuclear periphery depends on linear genomic distance from the tethering elements-centromeres or telomeres. Releasing the hold of the tethering elements by inactivating centromere attachment to the spindle pole body or changing the position of ribosomal DNA arrays resulted in the association of Pol III-transcribed genes with nucleoli. Conversely, ectopic insertion of a Pol III-transcribed gene in the vicinity of a centromere prevented its association with nucleolus. Pol III-dependent transcription was independent of the intranuclear position of the gene, but the nucleolar recruitment of Pol III-transcribed genes required active transcription. We conclude that the association of Pol III-transcribed genes with the nucleolus, when permitted by global chromosome architecture, provides nucleolar and/or nuclear peripheral anchoring points contributing locally to intranuclear chromosome organization. © 2016 Belagal et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

El imperio del marketing político. Cuando las imágenes desplazan a las ideas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl TREJO DELARLABRE

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Desde una perspectiva teórica se analizan las transformaciones de la política a partir de la presencia masiva de medios de comunicación y sondeos de opinión; que los ha convertido en representantes cotidianos de las opiniones ciudadanas. El creciente peso de la información audiovisual, con sus particularidades específicas, es considerado por el autor como un factor clave de la transformación de algunos elementos constitutivos básicos del proceso político democrático: campañas electorales, partidos políticos y candidatos.ABSTRACT: From a theoretic perspective the article analyzes the changes of politics related to the massive presence of media and opinion polis; these ones have appeared as the habitual representations of public opinions. The growing importance of audiovisual information, with its specific features is considered by this author as a key factor of the transformation of some constitutive elements of the democratic process: electoral campaings, political parties and candidates.

Revealing gene action for production characteristics by inbreeding ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Revealing gene action for production characteristics by inbreeding, based on a long-term selection ... The gene action involved in the expression of production characters was investigated, using the effect of the theoretical inbreeding ..... and predicted selection responses for growth, fat and lean traits in mice. J. Anim. Sci.

Cultura e políticas sociais : uma visão a partir da cultura política

OpenAIRE

Corrêa, Helena Ariane Borges

2008-01-01

A dissertação parte do questionamento de por que fatores culturais não são considerados na formulação de políticas públicas. Para tanto são analisadas e discutidas duas vertentes tradicionalmente separadas na ciência política: culturalismo e institucionalismo, que aqui serão trabalhadas em um nível de análise menos abstrato, relacionando elementos de cultura política com políticas públicas. Com isto o trabalho procura mostrar a relevância do estudo de fatores culturais em políticas sociais e ...

Integrating Ontological Knowledge and Textual Evidence in Estimating Gene and Gene Product Similarity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Posse, Christian; Gopalan, Banu; Tratz, Stephen C.; Gregory, Michelle L.

2006-06-08

With the rising influence of the Gene On-tology, new approaches have emerged where the similarity between genes or gene products is obtained by comparing Gene Ontology code annotations associ-ated with them. So far, these approaches have solely relied on the knowledge en-coded in the Gene Ontology and the gene annotations associated with the Gene On-tology database. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that improvements to these approaches can be obtained by integrating textual evidence extracted from relevant biomedical literature.

Expression of cocoa genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves cocoa butter production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wei, Yongjun; Bergenholm, David; Gossing, Michael

2018-01-01

Background: Cocoa butter (CB) extracted from cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) is the main raw material for chocolate production, but CB supply is insufficient due to the increased chocolate demand and limited CB production. CB is mainly composed of three different kinds of triacylglycerols (TAGs), 1......), and it is essential to modulate the yeast TAG biosynthetic pathway for higher CBL production.Results: We cloned seven GPAT genes and three LPAT genes from cocoa cDNA, in order to screen for CBL biosynthetic gene candidates. By expressing these cloned cocoa genes and two synthesized cocoa DGAT genes in S. cerevisiae......, we successfully increased total fatty acid production, TAG production and CBL production in some of the strains. In the best producer, the potential CBL content was eightfold higher than the control strain, suggesting the cocoa genes expressed in this strain were functional and might be responsible...

A política da Igreja Universal e seus reflexos nos campos religioso e político brasileiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oro Ari Pedro

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto versa sobre a inserção da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD na política nacional e seus efeitos nos campos religioso e político. Em razão da eficácia de seu carisma institucional, a Universal procedeu, dentro do próprio grupo religioso, a uma ressemantização do ato de votar em particular e da percepção da política em geral, inscrevendo-os em sua lógica religiosa. Isso é uma importante chave explicativa para o elevado grau de fidelidade de votos e o êxito político cada vez maior constatado nas últimas eleições. Ademais, a prática política da Universal está produzindo um efeito mimético em outra igrejas evangélicas, que tendem a imitar seu modelo de fazer política. Sua inserção política, sobretudo por intermédio do Partido Liberal, não passa despercebida pelos partidos, constituindo-se, assim, em um ator relevante na atual conjuntura política brasileira.

Respiration responses of a polA1 and a tif-1 mutant of Escherichia coli to far-ultraviolet irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swenson, P.A.

1981-01-01

Cessation of respiration in Escherichia coli 60 min after far - ultra-violet (254 nm) irradiation is dependent upon the recA and lexA gene products and is regulated by cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and its receptor protein. Two E. coli B/r mutants were studied, polA1 and tif-1, both of which express other rec/lex functions after UV irradiation. After receiving a relatively high UV fluence, the polA1 mutant, deficient in DNA polymerase 1, showed a respiration shutoff response like the wild type cells. 5-Fluorouracil and rifampin, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, did not prevent respiration shutoff in the mutant cells as they did in the wild type cells. At lower fluences which did not shut off respiration of polA1 cells, cAMP did not cause a more complete shutoff as it did for the wild type cells. The tif-1 mutant has a modified recA protein, and when unirradiated cells are incubated at 42 0 C they form filaments, mutate, and show other rec/lex responses. This mutant did not shut off its respiration at either 30 or 42 0 C, and the response was not modified by cAMP. In an E. coli K12 strain, W3110, 52 J/m 2 UV did not shut off respiration and cAMP had no effect. (author)

Política, marketing e neoliberalismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Roberto Ferreira

2004-07-01

Full Text Available O texto contém uma análise da relação política e sua possível consciência no seu momento específico compreendido pelo processo eleitoral (Londrina - eleições 92. Como este processo eleitoral em nossos dias, nutre-se de algumas técnicas conhecidas como Marketing Político-Eleitoral, e de como estas, contribuem para uma dinâmica de esvaziamento da vida política propriamente dita. Procura ainda, conectar esse esvaziamento político e suas consequências, com o avanço da concepção neoliberal cujo ápice parece fazer coincidir a política como mais uma manifestação de Mercado.

Identification of potentially hazardous human gene products in GMO risk assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Bergmans, Hans; Logie, Colin; Van Maanen, Kees; Hermsen, Harm; Meredyth, Michelle; Van Der Vlugt, Cécile

2008-01-01

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. viral vectors, could threaten the environment if by their release they spread hazardous gene products. Even in contained use, to prevent adverse consequences, viral vectors carrying genes from mammals or humans should be especially scrutinized as to whether gene products that they synthesize could be hazardous in their new context. Examples of such potentially hazardous gene products (PHGPs) are: protein toxins, products of dominant alleles that have a role in hereditary diseases, gene products and sequences involved in genome rearrangements, gene products involved in immunomodulation or with an endocrine function, gene products involved in apoptosis, activated proto-oncogenes. For contained use of a GMO that carries a construct encoding a PHGP, the precautionary principle dictates that safety measures should be applied on a "worst case" basis, until the risks of the specific case have been assessed. The potential hazard of cloned genes can be estimated before empirical data on the actual GMO become available. Preliminary data may be used to focus hazard identification and risk assessment. Both predictive and empirical data may also help to identify what further information is needed to assess the risk of the GMO. A two-step approach, whereby a PHGP is evaluated for its conceptual dangers, then checked by data bank searches, is delineated here.

A two-cassette reporter system for assessing target gene translation and target gene product inclusion body formation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2016-01-01

The present invention relates to a dual cassette reporter system capable of assessing target gene translation and target gene product folding. The present invention further relates to vectors and host cells comprising the dual cassette reporter system. In addition the invention relates to the use...... of the dual cassette reporter system for assessing target gene translation and target gene product folding....

"La voz de los espectros" - Imagen y política en la Argentina de fin de siglo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lic. María L. Beatriz Alem

1998-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo intenta dar cuenta de ciertas imágenes políticas que aparecen en el escenario público, a partir de la relación de presencia/ausencia; y que marcan en principio una particularidad, la de no ser hechos actuales; sin embargo, siempre vuelven, y se instalan generando diversas y antagónicas reacciones, que van desde la adhesión al rechazo. En este recorrido intentaremos explicar esta modalidad, a partir de ciertas imágenes de la política argentina. Para ello vamos a citar dos ejemplos: la imagen de Eva Perón y la imagen de los desaparecidos en la última dictadura militar de 1976. Comenzaremos por describir el origen de las imagos, ya que las mismas tenían por función inmortalizar el poder. Y esta categoría de inmortal era posible a partir de la consagración de los cuerpos. Las imágenes que aquí proponemos aparecen de modo diferente, podemos inferir que la imagen de Eva Perón se constituye en el modo que tienen las imágenes religiosas que unen a la comunidad de creyentes y mantienen con su imagen una relación que trasciende la devoción para instalarla en el plano milagroso. En tanto que la imagen de los desaparecidos vuelven de un modo fantasmagórico, al modo que vuelven los fantasmas reclamando justicia. Concluiremos que entender el significado de estas imágenes, desde lo espectral y desde lo siniestro que ellas contienen, es sacarlas de la simple idea alucinógena que pueden resultarnos; fundamentalmente porque el escenario de la política argentina sigue recibiendo el mensaje de los fantasmas, que sectores del poder se niegan a escuchar, por se justamente un reclamo que cuestiona el "orden" establecido.

Políticas de reconhecimento uma novidade das políticas sociais do PT?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krischke, Paulo Jose Duval da Silva

2004-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho levanta a hipótese de que as ações de governo do PT estão inovando significativamente na necessária convergência (cf. Fraser, 1999; Honnetch, 2003 entre as tradicionais políticas de redistribuição sócio-econômica, e uma nova diretriz de reconhecimento das diferenças sócio-políticas e culturais. O argumento retoma a trajetória sindical do PT e os efeitos das políticas participativas, nas mudanças da cultura política em várias partes do país. Entre esses efeitos, o crescente apoio à democracia parece relacionar-se ao reconhecimento do direito à diferença e ao pluralismo - principalmente entre a juventude e naqueles locais onde o PT tem governado na última década

Edad y cultura política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MANUEL JUSTEL

1992-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la evolución de algunos aspectos de la cultura política y democrática durante los años ochenta: información y competencia política, participación política, actitudes hacia los partidos y orientaciones políticas. Los datos proceden de sendas encuestas realizadas en 1980 y 1989. Mediante análisis de cohortes de edad, controlando sexo y nivel de estudios, se comprueba el grado diferencial de expansión de actitudes democráticas en los grupos de edad, controlando sexo y nivel de estudios, se comprueba el grado diferencial de expansión de actitudes democráticas en los grupos de edad, el efecto homogeneizador que conlleva y el influjo estratégico de la educación. En el marco teórico de la socialización política en edad adulta y de las relaciones entre sistema social y sistema político, se interpretan los cambios de actitudes distinguiendo efectos de ciclo vital, de cohorte y de periodo. Al mismo tiempo, se discuten algunas consecuencias políticas del envejecimiento poblacional y se constata de un grado notable de plasticidad actitudinal y de adhesión creciente a la democracia de las cohortes de edad avanzada.

Sequence and transcription analysis of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kouzarides, T.; Bankier, A.T.; Satchwell, S.C.; Weston, K.; Tomlinson, P.; Barrell, B.G.

1987-01-01

DNA sequence analysis has revealed that the gene coding for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase is present within the long unique region of the virus genome. Identification is based on extensive amino acid homology between the predicted HCMV open reading frame HFLF2 and the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus type 1. The authors present here a 5280 base-pair DNA sequence containing the HCMV pol gene, along with the analysis of transcripts encoded within this region. Since HCMV pol also shows homology to the predicted Epstein-Barr virus pol, they were able to analyze the extent of homology between the DNA polymerases of three distantly related herpes viruses, HCMV, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus. The comparison shows that these DNA polymerases exhibit considerable amino acid homology and highlights a number of highly conserved regions; two such regions show homology to sequences within the adenovirus type 2 DNA polymerase. The HCMV pol gene is flanked by open reading frames with homology to those of other herpes viruses; upstream, there is a reading frame homologous to the glycoprotein B gene of herpes simplex virus type I and Epstein-Barr virus, and downstream there is a reading frame homologous to BFLF2 of Epstein-Barr virus

Unidad 4: Crear Polígonos

OpenAIRE

Gómez Trigueros, Isabel María

2015-01-01

En esta unidad aprenderéis a crear vuestros propios polígonos con Google Earth para delimitar un área geográfica. Podréis modificar el tamaño de los polígonos, el color del área y su perímetro, incluso elaborar polígonos en 3D para superponer distintas variables sobre un paisaje concreto.

Epstein-Barr Virus BKRF4 Gene Product Is Required for Efficient Progeny Production.

Science.gov (United States)

Masud, H M Abdullah Al; Watanabe, Takahiro; Yoshida, Masahiro; Sato, Yoshitaka; Goshima, Fumi; Kimura, Hiroshi; Murata, Takayuki

2017-12-01

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of human gammaherpesvirus, infects mainly B cells. EBV has two alternative life cycles, latent and lytic, and is reactivated occasionally from the latent stage to the lytic cycle. To combat EBV-associated disorders, understanding the molecular mechanisms of the EBV lytic replication cycle is also important. Here, we focused on an EBV lytic gene, BKRF4. Using our anti-BKRF4 antibody, we revealed that the BKRF4 gene product is expressed during the lytic cycle with late kinetics. To characterize the role of BKRF4, we constructed BKRF4-knockout mutants using the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Although disruption of the BKRF4 gene had almost no effect on viral protein expression and DNA synthesis, it significantly decreased progeny virion levels in HEK293 and Akata cells. Furthermore, we show that BKRF4 is involved not only in production of progeny virions but also in increasing the infectivity of the virus particles. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that BKRF4 interacted with a virion protein, BGLF2. We showed that the C-terminal region of BKRF4 was critical for this interaction and for efficient progeny production. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that BKRF4 partially colocalized with BGLF2 in the nucleus and perinuclear region. Finally, we showed that BKRF4 is a phosphorylated, possible tegument protein and that the EBV protein kinase BGLF4 may be important for this phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggest that BKRF4 is involved in the production of infectious virions. IMPORTANCE Although the latent genes of EBV have been studied extensively, the lytic genes are less well characterized. This study focused on one such lytic gene, BKRF4, which is conserved only among gammaherpesviruses (ORF45 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or murine herpesvirus 68). After preparing the BKRF4 knockout virus using B95-8 EBV-BAC, we demonstrated that the BKRF4 gene was involved in infectious

Mentir en la vida política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez de la Escalera, Ana María

2005-06-01

Full Text Available In this paper the act of lying is seen as a necessary component of the political discourse of the polis. Plato and Arendt are examined as the representatives of a line of thought in which the political realm needs the act of lying. The actual problematic of lying in politics is debated.

El texto «Mentir en política» aborda el papel que la mentira ha jugado en el lenguaje de la política y el lugar problemático que la Filosofía política le ha otorgado. Se escogen dos autores, Platón y Arendt, para mostrar la necesidad de incluir el discurso mentiroso como un componente esencial de la vida política de la ciudad. En breve, se trata de analizar los límites que la ciudad impone al discurso de lo político y de la política.

El marketing político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvaro H. Cifuentes G.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Si un candidato desea ser elegido, las técnicas de marketing aplicadas a la política, le son imprescindibles. El marketing político (Politing es el análisis  metódico de los diferentes segmentos que integran el ámbito político de una sociedad y de los factores que puedan modificarlos. Se aplican al candidato, a los votantes, al análisis de la publicidad política, a los simpatizantes, a desconocedores  del partido y a los indecisos. Los candidatos colombianos lo están aplicando, y compañías nuestras exportan servicios  de asesoría de países suramericanos.Promocionar  un candidato implica estructurar una compañía tal como una empresa, aplicando técnicas de ventas, de fijación de cuotas y de planeación estratégica.

Id-1 gene and gene products as therapeutic targets for treatment of breast cancer and other types of carcinoma

Science.gov (United States)

Desprez, Pierre-Yves; Campisi, Judith

2014-08-19

A method for treatment of breast cancer and other types of cancer. The method comprises targeting and modulating Id-1 gene expression, if any, for the Id-1 gene, or gene products in breast or other epithelial cancers in a patient by delivering products that modulate Id-1 gene expression. When expressed, Id-1 gene is a prognostic indicator that cancer cells are invasive and metastatic.

Política externa como política pública: uma análise pela regulamentação constitucional brasileira (1967-1988

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michelle Ratton Sanchez

2006-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é relacionar os debates sobre política externa e política pública, a partir de uma perspectiva constitucional. Para afastar o consenso de que a política externa sempre foi considerada como "externa" aos estados e distinta de toda e qualquer política doméstica - e assim de toda e qualquer política pública -, buscou-se identificar as políticas interna, externa e internacional como um continuum de um mesmo processo decisório. A partir desses pressupostos teóricos, apresentou-se uma análise da distribuição de competências da política externa brasileira nas constituições de 1967 e 1988, com o intuito de identificar, no contexto de redemocratização do Brasil possíveis alterações na regulamentação da política externa que sugerissem a incorporação de uma concepção de gestão poliárquica, que a aproximasse das demais políticas públicas. Por fim, compararam-se os mecanismos disponíveis na Constituição de 1988 para o controle da política externa e das políticas públicas em geral, a fim de proceder-se à sua aproximação e verificar a aplicabilidade dos mecanismos relativos às políticas públicas para controle da política externa.

Mitochondrial DNA replication: a PrimPol perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Bailey, Laura J.

2017-01-01

PrimPol, (primase–polymerase), the most recently identified eukaryotic polymerase, has roles in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. PrimPol is capable of acting as a DNA polymerase, with the ability to extend primers and also bypass a variety of oxidative and photolesions. In addition, PrimPol also functions as a primase, catalysing the preferential formation of DNA primers in a zinc finger-dependent manner. Although PrimPol's catalytic activities have been uncovered in vitro, we still know little about how and why it is targeted to the mitochondrion and what its key roles are in the maintenance of this multicopy DNA molecule. Unlike nuclear DNA, the mammalian mitochondrial genome is circular and the organelle has many unique proteins essential for its maintenance, presenting a differing environment within which PrimPol must function. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of DNA replication in the mitochondrion, the proteins that carry out these processes and how PrimPol is likely to be involved in assisting this vital cellular process. PMID:28408491

Bacteriophage T4 gene 32 participates in excision repair as well as recombinational repair of UV damages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mosig, G.

1985-01-01

Gene 32 of phage T4 has been shown previously to be involved in recombinational repair of UV damages but, based on a mutant study, was thought not to be required for excision repair. However, a comparison of UV-inactivation curves of several gene 32 mutants grown under conditions permissive for progeny production in wild-type or polA- hosts demonstrates that gene 32 participates in both kinds of repair. Different gene 32 mutations differentially inactivate these repair functions. Under conditions permissive for DNA replication and progeny production, all gene 32 mutants investigated here are partially defective in recombinational repair, whereas only two of them, P7 and P401, are also defective in excision repair. P401 is the only mutant whose final slope of the inactivation curve is significantly steeper than that of wild-type T4. These results are discussed in terms of interactions of gp32, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, with DNA and with other proteins

La escisión entre Ciencia Política y realidad política: el caso de la Seguridad Democrática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Andrés Ramírez González

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La política de seguridad democrática, adoptada por el Presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez durante su periodo de gobierno, resultó en un viraje fundamental en los rumbos del país luego del fallido proceso de paz del gobierno Pastrana. En este sentido, el presente trabajo busca demostrar que la Ciencia Política abordó el fenómeno político en contravía con el curso de los hechos, de tal manera que mientras la política de Seguridad Democrática propugnaba por un aumento en la ofensiva militar, la visión desde la Ciencia Política se concentraba en la manera de llegar a unos diálogos de paz o una salida concertada al conflicto. Esto, por tanto, se puede traducir en un rechazo al punto de vista preponderante y a una postura alternativa en el estudio de la realidad política nacional. Para demostrar lo anterior, se realiza una revisión documental aplicada a artículos académicos en cuatro revistas de Ciencia Política del país: Análisis Político, Colombia Internacional, Papel Político y Estudios Políticos durante el periodo de publicación de 2002 a 2012.

Elecciones 2003: spots políticos y cultura política

OpenAIRE

Concepción Virriel

2004-01-01

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de las elecciones federales de 2003, en especial el fenómeno del abstencionismo. Para ello se vincula el comportamiento electoral en dichas elecciones con la cultura política, en donde los aspectos básicos son la cultura del fraude heredada de los gobiernos priístas y la redefinición de los partidos políticos ante una nueva coyuntura, y cómo éstos aspectos influyeron en la forma de comunicarse mediante sus spots. El análisis de dichos spots comprende el anál...

Human PrimPol activity is enhanced by RPA.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Jiménez, María I; Lahera, Antonio; Blanco, Luis

2017-04-10

Human PrimPol is a primase belonging to the AEP superfamily with the unique ability to synthesize DNA primers de novo, and a non-processive DNA polymerase able to bypass certain DNA lesions. PrimPol facilitates both mitochondrial and nuclear replication fork progression either acting as a conventional TLS polymerase, or repriming downstream of blocking lesions. In vivo assays have shown that PrimPol is rapidly recruited to sites of DNA damage by interaction with the human replication protein A (RPA). In agreement with previous findings, we show here that the higher affinity of RPA for ssDNA inhibits PrimPol activities in short ssDNA templates. In contrast, once the amount of ssDNA increases up to a length in which both proteins can simultaneously bind ssDNA, as expected during replicative stress conditions, PrimPol and RPA functionally interact, and their binding capacities are mutually enhanced. When using M13 ssDNA as template, RPA stimulated both the primase and polymerase activities of PrimPol, either alone or in synergy with Polε. These new findings supports the existence of a functional PrimPol/RPA association that allows repriming at the exposed ssDNA regions formed in the leading strand upon replicase stalling.

Las políticas públicas y la necesidad de una verdadera política social en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elys Gilbrando Mora Belandria

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo consiste en plantear algunos problemas que bloquean el camino hacia el desarrollo político y constituyen tarea urgente para el gobierno. Asimismo se trata de hacer un aporte abordando áreas estratégicas importantes en las estructuras del poder como es el caso de las políticas públicas, tal vez la más reciente e innovadora corriente de análisis presente en la Ciencia Política, incluyendo la política social como una de las exigencias de los ciudadanos frente al Estado y la democracia. Bajo este punto de vista las políticas públicas son consideradas una estrategia básica para legitimar el rendimiento del gobierno. Por último se abordan ciertos resultados de la mala política y sus efectos sobre la democracia pues, así lo entendemos, en Venezuela las tareas del gobierno en materia de políticas públicas han estado marcadas por una visión formalmente bien intencionada, pero que operativamente ha sido bloqueada por factores perturbadores como por ejemplo: la inconsistencia en la toma de decisiones, el centralismo, la corta visión para acercarse a los parámetros de una gerencia pública moderna, la excesiva politización de los trámites administrativos para emprender acciones concretas y la relación asimétrica entre el tamaño del Estado y la calidad del Estado, todo lo cual impide la realización correcta de los procedimientos para profundizar en la tarea obtener logros efectivos y eficientes en materia de política social y el avance hacia la modernización del sector público. .

Fronteras morales y políticas sexuales: apuntes sobre 'la política LGBT' y el deseo del Estado

OpenAIRE

Hernández, Franklin Gil

2013-01-01

A partir de un seguimiento de políticas (gubernamentales, de los movimientos sociales y de la vida cotidiana) en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia), relacionadas con la ampliación de ciudadanías sexuales, este artículo trata sobre los territorios morales que dichas políticas crean, y sobre los cuerpos que desea el Estado o que reclaman ser deseados por él. Particularmente se analizan la 'política LGBT' y la 'política gay' en un contexto local y su paradójica contribución a la normalización de la ...

Croce, Gramsci e a "autonomia da política"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Bianchi

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Na reflexão que Gramsci desenvolveu nos Quaderni del carcere, o tema da autonomia da política ocupa uma importante posição. Foi com base nessa reflexão que Gramsci desenvolveu sua pesquisa a respeito de política e da possibilidade de uma ciência política. Segundo Benedetto Croce, cabia a Nicolau Maquiavel o mérito de ter afirmado pela primeira vez a autonomia da política. Para Croce, essa autonomia permitia estabelecer uma distinção radical entre ética e política e entre "filosofia da política" e "ciência empírica da política". Gramsci tomou criticamente a reflexão croceana como ponto de partida de sua leitura de Maquiavel. O reconhecimento da autonomia da política implicava que esta não poderia ser reduzida à religião ou à ética. Como campo do conhecimento e como atividade, a ciência política e a política tinham regras próprias, que as distinguiam de outras formas do conhecimento e da atividade humana. Mas tal "autonomia" não implicava, para o marxista sardo, uma separação radical entre política e moral. Por essa razão, Gramsci encontrava em Maquiavel um precursor da filosofia da práxis em sentido pleno, ou seja, o criador de uma "ciência-ação revolucionária".

Regulation of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products in Taiwan.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Yi-Chu; Wang, Po-Yu; Tsai, Shih-Chih; Lin, Chien-Liang; Tai, Hsuen-Yung; Lo, Chi-Fang; Wu, Shiow-Ing; Chiang, Yu-Mei; Liu, Li-Ling

2015-01-01

Owing to the rapid and mature development of emerging biotechnology in the fields of cell culture, cell preservation, and recombinant DNA technology, more and more cell or gene medicinal therapy products have been approved for marketing, to treat serious diseases which have been challenging to treat with current medical practice or medicine. This chapter will briefly introduce the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) and elaborate regulation of cell and gene therapy medicinal products in Taiwan, including regulatory history evolution, current regulatory framework, application and review procedures, and relevant jurisdictional issues. Under the promise of quality, safety, and efficacy of medicinal products, it is expected the regulation and environment will be more flexible, streamlining the process of the marketing approval of new emerging cell or gene therapy medicinal products and providing diverse treatment options for physicians and patients.

Cultura política y partidos en Jalisco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Silva Moreno

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es un intento de análisis y reflexión sobre la cultura política de uno de los componentes de todo sistema político que se precie de ser democrático (al menos formalmente: los partidos políticos. Se estudia la cultura política de los partidos políticos en Jalisco a partir del análisis de las representaciones y valores que los partidos políticos tienen sobre la democracia interna, para después contrastarlas con algunas prácticas referentes al liderazgo, dirección y formas de competencia. Debido a que las dimensiones de la democracia son muy amplias y variadas, nos centramos en dos indicadores: la forma en que se da la competencia por los cargos de dirección interna y el carácter de la dirección y el liderazgo.

La política como profesión: perfiles y tipos de trayectorias de los senadores argentinos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Levita

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es sistematizar los resultados de una investigación cualitativa sobre los senadores nacionales argentinos que ocuparon sus bancas entre 2001 y 2011. Realizamos una reconstrucción de sus trayectorias en base a entrevistas y fuentes secundarias, tales como datos oficiales del Senado, bases de datos de organizaciones no gubernamentales, investigaciones periodísticas, información publicada por los propios senadores en internet, entrevistas y artículos de prensa. Basándonos en los cargos ocupados con anterioridad a su llegada a la Cámara, construimos una tipología identificando cinco perfiles y locus de construcción política: los gobernadores, los intendentes, los legisladores, los ministros y los reconvertidos. Estos tipos ideales permiten comprender los distintos modos de llegar al Senado y los diversos recorridos de las elites políticas argentinas. En diálogo con los trabajos académicos sobre los políticos del período en cuestión (Jones, 2001; 2008; Jones et al., 2002; De Luca, 2008 y con la sociología política francesa (Gaxie, 2004; Offerlé, 2011 nos preguntamos por la cuestión de la profesionalización política de los senadores. El trabajo termina mostrando una gran heterogeneidad en las características, orígenes y posiciones sociales de los individuos que, junto con las distintas lógicas descriptas, demuestran la coexistencia de diferentes tipos de profesionalización política.

La mancomunidad de política hidrológica española. Sectores y trayectorias políticas en Internet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan C. Aceros

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo nos acercamos a la transformación que la política de aguas española ha sufrido en las últimas décadas. La erosión de una cohesionada comunidad de política hidráulica ha dado paso a una red extendida y plural en la que se debate la política hidrológica contemporánea. En esta última, un nuevo discurso sobre la sostenibilidad (la "Nueva Cultura del Agua" articula a nuevos actores estatales y no estatales en torno a una novedosa "política de asuntos". A partir de la aplicación de estrategias de investigación extraídas de los análisis de controversias públicas en Internet, documentamos este fenómeno. Concretamente, rastreamos la red de la "Nueva Cultura del Agua" en la web, analizamos su estructura y reflexionamos sobre el sentido político de su historia. A partir del estudio realizado, proponemos la emergencia de una mancomunidad de política hidrológica en Internet.

Genetic Resources for Advanced Biofuel Production Described with the Gene Ontology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trudy eTorto-Alalibo

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Dramatic increases in research in the area of microbial biofuel production coupled with high-throughput data generation on bioenergy-related microbes has led to a deluge of information in the scientific literature and in databases. Consolidating this information and making it easily accessible requires a unified vocabulary. The Gene Ontology (GO fulfills that requirement, as it is a well-developed structured vocabulary that describes the activities and locations of gene products in a consistent manner across all kingdoms of life. The Microbial Energy Gene Ontology (MENGO: http://www.mengo.biochem.vt.edu project is extending the GO to include new terms to describe microbial processes of interest to bioenergy production. Our effort has added over 600 bioenergy related terms to the Gene Ontology. These terms will aid in the comprehensive annotation of gene products from diverse energy-related microbial genomes. An area of microbial energy research that has received a lot of attention is microbial production of advanced biofuels. These include alcohols such as butanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, and fuels derived from fatty acids, isoprenoids, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. These fuels are superior to first generation biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel esterified from vegetable oil or animal fat, can be generated from non-food feedstock sources, can be used as supplements or substitutes for gasoline, diesel and jet fuels, and can be stored and distributed using existing infrastructure. Here we review the roles of genes associated with synthesis of advanced biofuels, and at the same time introduce the use of the GO to describe the functions of these genes in a standardized way.

Genetic interactions of MAF1 identify a role for Med20 in transcriptional repression of ribosomal protein genes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ian M Willis

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Transcriptional repression of ribosomal components and tRNAs is coordinately regulated in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses. Part of this response involves the convergence of different nutritional and stress signaling pathways on Maf1, a protein that is essential for repressing transcription by RNA polymerase (pol III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we identify the functions buffering yeast cells that are unable to down-regulate transcription by RNA pol III. MAF1 genetic interactions identified in screens of non-essential gene-deletions and conditionally expressed essential genes reveal a highly interconnected network of 64 genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, RNA pol II transcription, tRNA modification, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and other processes. A survey of non-essential MAF1 synthetic sick/lethal (SSL genes identified six gene-deletions that are defective in transcriptional repression of ribosomal protein (RP genes following rapamycin treatment. This subset of MAF1 SSL genes included MED20 which encodes a head module subunit of the RNA pol II Mediator complex. Genetic interactions between MAF1 and subunits in each structural module of Mediator were investigated to examine the functional relationship between these transcriptional regulators. Gene expression profiling identified a prominent and highly selective role for Med20 in the repression of RP gene transcription under multiple conditions. In addition, attenuated repression of RP genes by rapamycin was observed in a strain deleted for the Mediator tail module subunit Med16. The data suggest that Mediator and Maf1 function in parallel pathways to negatively regulate RP mRNA and tRNA synthesis.

Seminario Políticas Públicas y Gestión Estatal | Tema 2: Ciclo y agenda de las políticas públicas

OpenAIRE

Pagani, María Laura

2017-01-01

Presentación general del ciclo de política pública y las diferentes etapas. Sus limitaciones como recurso de análisis de las PP. Agenda Social y Agenda Política: los procesos de construcción de la Agenda política, diseño. Definición de política pública. Presentación general del ciclo de política pública y las diferentes etapas. Sus limitaciones como recurso de análisis de las PP. La formación de la agenda y la definición de problema público. Las diferentes agendas: la agenda ciudadana, públic...

Desarrollo vocacional y política pública

OpenAIRE

Watts, Anthony G.

2000-01-01

El trabajo analiza la base para el interés político en los servicios de desarrollo vocacional, y la manera en la cual esta base está siendo fortalecida por las actuales transformaciones en el trabajo y en el desarrollo vocacional. Se exploran los papeles potenciales de la política pública en los servicios de desarrollo vocacional así como las formas en las que dichos servicios pueden influenciar el proceso de la creación de políticas. Se identifican una gama de temas de política relacionados ...

Enhanced citrate production through gene insertion in Aspergillus niger

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jongh, Wian de; Nielsen, Jens

2007-01-01

The effect of inserting genes involved in the reductive branch of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle on citrate production by Aspergillus niger was evaluated. Several different genes were inserted individually and in combination, i.e. malate dehydrogenase (mdh2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two...

Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kenney, S.; Kamine, J.; Markovitz, D.; Fenrick, R.; Pagano, J.

1988-01-01

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, the authors demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter. The HIV promoter sequences necessary for trans-activation by EBV do not include the tat-responsive sequences. In addition, in contrast to the other herpesvirus trans-activators previously studied, the EBV BamHI MLF1 gene product appears to function in part by a posttranscriptional mechanism, since it increases pHIV-CAT protein activity more than it increases HIV-CAT mRNA. This ability of an EBV gene product to activate HIV gene expression may have biologic consequences in persons coinfected with both viruses

Políticas activas en las prestaciones por desempleo

OpenAIRE

Gil Jiménez, Javier

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo explica el tema de las políticas activas y políticas activas en las prestaciones por desempleo, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Para explicarlo se definen las políticas activas y sus funciones, tanto de formación, orientación y reinserción laboral. También se hace mención a las reformas llevadas a cabo en las diferentes políticas y el surgimiento de nuevos programas como función de políticas activas encaminadas a la reinserción laboral. Departamento de Derech...

Herencia política y económica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wesley C. Marshall

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo busca resaltar la relevancia de la vida política de Hilferding en el actual contexto de la crisis financiera global y la probablemente alta radicalización de las posiciones políticas de los países dominantes como resultado de aquella. Como se argumenta, había un alto grado de coherencia entre el pensamiento económico de Hilferding y su actuación política. Justamente por el hecho de que el proyecto socialista alemán durante la Republica Weimar no logró sus objetivos, el pensamiento político y económico de su líder intelectual es altamente relevante en el escenario global actual, donde la crisis económica y descomposición social y política que la acompañen reclaman a los principales políticos del mundo un entendimiento económico más amplio y profundo para que las tragedias de Europa central de los años treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX no se reproduzcan.

The immunomodulatory gene products of myxoma virus

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

273. Keywords. Gene products; myxoma virus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; poxvirus; skin lesions ...... these data is that these viral proteins do not promote class .... Cudmore S, Reckmann I and Way M 1997 Viral manipulations of the actin ...

Uma ditadura contra a república: política econômica e poder político em Roberto Campos

OpenAIRE

Ricardo V. Silva

2006-01-01

O artigo examina o pensamento político de Roberto Campos entre meados das décadas de 1950 e 1970. Neste período, além de importantes funções governamentais, Campos dedicou-se intensamente à luta de idéias, publicando grande quantidade de artigos e ensaios. Será desenvolvida a hipótese de que o seu pensamento político aponta para a institucionalização de um sistema político de tipo autoritário como o mais adequado às condições culturais e políticas da sociedade brasileira. A principal caracter...

As assimetrias entre as políticas setoriais e a política de planejamento regional no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Mendes da Rocha Neto

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O modo de conduzir a formulação das políticas de desenvolvimento regional tem se constituído em ampla arena de embates acadêmicos e técnicos e levado a reflexões sobre os rumos das múltiplas políticas que acompanham esse processo de planejamento regional. Isso, em parte, decorre do processo de globalização e das políticas neoliberais que o acompanham, as quais possuem um forte apelo à competitividade. Essa estratégia de buscar espaços "privilegiados" se fez presente de uma forma intensa em alguns setores produtivos, que, ao usar o espaço como mercadoria, utilizam seu conjunto de atributos (naturais e artificiais para realizarem-se e reproduzirem-se como parte do sistema. Assim, a proposta de estudo pretende responder a questão: em que medida as políticas públicas setoriais têm dialogado com as políticas de planejamento e desenvolvimento regional no âmbito do governo federal? No caso das políticas de planejamento regional, o recorte espacial é visto como um instrumento que, ao ser aplicado, pode se mostrar capaz de viabilizar a integração de ações multissetorializadas, o que em certa dimensão apontaria para uma maior eficiência do Estado na busca por restabelecer o equilíbrio esgarçado, tornando mais eficiente o planejamento.

Vasopressin Gene-Related Products in the Management of Breast Cancer

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

North, William

1998-01-01

.... The VP gene is expressed by seemingly all breast cancers and by all DCIS, and this information coupled with an absence of VP gene-related products from fibrocystic disease potentially provides us...

Quantification of virus genes provides evidence for seed-bank populations of phycodnaviruses in Lake Ontario, Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Short, Cindy M; Rusanova, Oksana; Short, Steven M

2011-05-01

Using quantitative PCR, the abundances of six phytoplankton viruses DNA polymerase (polB) gene fragments were estimated in water samples collected from Lake Ontario, Canada over 26 months. Four of the polB fragments were most related to marine prasinoviruses, while the other two were most closely related to cultivated chloroviruses. Two Prasinovirus-related genes reached peak abundances of >1000 copies ml(-1) and were considered 'high abundance', whereas the other two Prasinovirus-related genes peaked at abundances bank populations with members that can become numerically dominant when their host abundances reach appropriate levels.

Loss of retrovirus production in JB/RH melanoma cells transfected with H-2Kb and TAP-1 genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, M; Xu, F; Muller, J; Huang, X; Hearing, V J; Gorelik, E

1999-01-20

JB/RH1 melanoma cells, as well as other melanomas of C57BL/6 mice (B16 and JB/MS), express a common melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) encoded by an ecotropic melanoma-associated retrovirus (MelARV). JB/RH1 cells do not express the H-2Kb molecules due to down-regulation of the H-2Kb and TAP-1 genes. When JB/RH1 cells were transfected with the H-2Kb and cotransfected with the TAP-1 gene, it resulted in the appearance of H-2Kb molecules and an increase in their immunogenicity, albeit they lost expression of retrovirus-encoded MAA recognized by MM2-9B6 mAb. Loss of MAA was found to result from a complete and stable elimination of ecotropic MelARV production in the H-2Kb/TAP-1-transfected JB/RH1 cells. Northern blot analysis showed no differences in ecotropic retroviral messages in MelARV-producing and -nonproducing melanoma cells, suggesting that loss of MelARV production was not due to down-regulation of MelARV transcription. Southern blot analysis revealed several rearrangements in the proviral DNA of H-2Kb-positive JB/RH1 melanoma cells. Sequence analysis of the ecotropic proviral DNA from these cells showed numerous nucleotide substitutions, some of which resulted in the appearance of a novel intraviral PstI restriction site and the loss of a HindIII restriction site in the pol region. PCR amplification of the proviral DNAs indicates that an ecotropic provirus found in the H-2Kb-positive cells is novel and does not preexist in the parental H-2Kb-negative melanoma cells. Conversely, the ecotropic provirus of the parental JB/RH1 cells was not amplifable from the H-2Kb-positive cells. Our data indicate that stable loss of retroviral production in the H-2Kb/TAP-1-transfected melanoma cells is probably due to the induction of recombination between a productive ecotropic MelARV and a defective nonecotropic provirus leading to the generation of a defective ecotropic provirus and the loss of MelARV production and expression of the retrovirus-encoded MAA. Copyright 1999

Association of mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase with HIV-1 GagPol involves catalytic domain of the synthetase and transframe and integrase domains of Pol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shalak V. F.

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Aim. Analyze the interaction between Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS and HIV-1 GagPol to know whether a particular N-terminal sequence of mitochondrial LysRS triggers a specific recognition with GagPol. Methods. Yeast two-hybrid analysis, immunoprecipitation. Results. We have shown that LysRS associates with the Pol domain of GagPol. Conclusions. A model of the assembly of the LysRS:tRNA3Lys:GagPol packaging complex is proposed.

Transcriptional regulation of genes related to progesterone production.

Science.gov (United States)

Mizutani, Tetsuya; Ishikane, Shin; Kawabe, Shinya; Umezawa, Akihiro; Miyamoto, Kaoru

2015-01-01

Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol in various tissues, mainly in the adrenal glands and gonads. Because these lipid-soluble steroid hormones immediately diffuse through the cells in which they are produced, their secretion directly reflects the activity of the genes related to their production. Progesterone is important not only for luteinization and maintenance of pregnancy, but also as a substrate for most other steroids. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ(5)-Δ(4) isomerase (3β-HSD) are well-known proteins essential for progesterone production. In addition to them, glutathione S-transferase A1-1 and A3-3 are shown to exert Δ(5)-Δ(4) isomerization activity to produce progesterone in a cooperative fashion with 3β-HSD. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase 1, ferredoxin 1, and ferredoxin reductase also play a role in steroidogenesis as accessory factors. Members of the nuclear receptor 5A (NR5A) family (steroidogenic factor 1 and liver receptor homolog 1) play a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. The NR5A family activates these genes by binding to NR5A responsive elements present within their promoter regions, as well as to the elements far from their promoters. In addition, various NR5A-interacting proteins including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (DAX-1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) are involved in the transcription of NR5A target genes and regulate the transcription either positively or negatively under both basal and tropic hormone-stimulated conditions. In this review, we describe the transcriptional regulation of genes related to progesterone production.

La política en el psicoanálisis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hernando Bernal.

1999-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se trata de hacer una separación entre el concepto de política en psicoanálisis y el concepto de política en general, a partir de un texto donde Miller hace un recorrido por el significado del sustantivo «política» en el psicoanálisis, y con ayuda de algunos seminarios de Lacan, particularmente el de La ética del psicoanálisis. Se reflexiona sobre cómo la felicidad devino un factor de la política que se deriva del discurso capitalista, por lo que hay que pensarla en función de la «satisfacción» de la demanda, bajo la promesa de satisfacer el deseo. Alrededor de este concepto, central en la teoría psicoanalítica y en la política moderna, se pensará por qué el deseo del sujeto no es algo colectivizable y cómo el síntoma del sujeto es su política contra la política colectivizable del discurso imperante. Si bien la política del psicoanálisis tiene por vocación cambiar en algo la economía de goce del sujeto, el psicoanálisis no busca gobernar el plus de goce, sino elucidarlo.

Lo social desde la política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darío Salinas Figueredo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Sin desconocer las aproximaciones existentes sobre aspectos fundamentales de la problemática social en América Latina, por ejemplo la pobreza y la índole de política que de manera predominante se formula para encararla, la trayectoria argumental de este trabajo se encamina a mostrar la importancia de trabajar hacia el desarrollo de una perspectiva más amplia. Las referencias empíricas cotejadas no se refieren a hechos puntuales, sino a indicadores que pautan tendencias. Siendo los propósitos aquí reunidos de naturaleza comprensiva, se parte de la premisa según la cual escasamente se problematiza lo social y la propia política social, sus vínculos con la política general, el modelo de desarrollo y el tipo de democracia que la política predominante busca proyectar.

Form gene clustering method about pan-ethnic-group products based on emotional semantic

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Dengkai; Ding, Jingjing; Gao, Minzhuo; Ma, Danping; Liu, Donghui

2016-09-01

The use of pan-ethnic-group products form knowledge primarily depends on a designer's subjective experience without user participation. The majority of studies primarily focus on the detection of the perceptual demands of consumers from the target product category. A pan-ethnic-group products form gene clustering method based on emotional semantic is constructed. Consumers' perceptual images of the pan-ethnic-group products are obtained by means of product form gene extraction and coding and computer aided product form clustering technology. A case of form gene clustering about the typical pan-ethnic-group products is investigated which indicates that the method is feasible. This paper opens up a new direction for the future development of product form design which improves the agility of product design process in the era of Industry 4.0.

Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 pol gene: first subgenomic evidence of CRF29-BF among Iranian HIV-1 patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazem Baesi

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To identify the dominant subtype among the HIV-1 strains circulation in Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study 100 HIV positive patients participated. HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma. RT nested-PCR was performed and the final products were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed; reference sequences were downloaded from Los Alamos, aligned with Iranian pol sequences in the study and analyzed by neighbor-joining method. Results: The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that HIV-1 subtype CRF-35AD was the dominant subtype among HIV-1 infected patients in Iran; this analysis also suggested a new circulating recombinant form that had not previously been identified in Iran: CRF-29BF. Conclusions: The impact of HIV diversity on pathogenesis, transmission and clinical management have been discussed in different studies; therefore, analyses of HIV genetic diversity is required to design effective antiretroviral strategies for different HIV subtypes.

Polímeros como modificadores asfálticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Letícia SocaI da Silva

2009-12-01

Full Text Available

Neste trabalho foram preparadas diferentes misturas de ligante asfáltico modificado com polímeros. Foram utilizadas quatro amostras de polímeros, sendo duas de SBS, uma de SEBS e uma de Polietileno Modificado, as quais foram caracterizadas quanto a sua estrutura e propriedades térmicas através de técnicas de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN, Cromatografia por Permeação a Gel (GPC, Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA e Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC. O ligante modificado foi avaliado quanto a sua viscosidade, retorno elástico, comportamento reológico e estabilidade à estocagem. Foram correlacionadas a estrutura química e as transições térmicas dos polímeros com as características do ligante modificado. Os polímeros do tipo SBS foram os melhores modificadores de asfalto, quando comparado com os demais polímeros avaliados.

Essential and non-essential DNA replication genes in the model halophilic Archaeon, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DasSarma Shiladitya

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Information transfer systems in Archaea, including many components of the DNA replication machinery, are similar to those found in eukaryotes. Functional assignments of archaeal DNA replication genes have been primarily based upon sequence homology and biochemical studies of replisome components, but few genetic studies have been conducted thus far. We have developed a tractable genetic system for knockout analysis of genes in the model halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, and used it to determine which DNA replication genes are essential. Results Using a directed in-frame gene knockout method in Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, we examined nineteen genes predicted to be involved in DNA replication. Preliminary bioinformatic analysis of the large haloarchaeal Orc/Cdc6 family, related to eukaryotic Orc1 and Cdc6, showed five distinct clades of Orc/Cdc6 proteins conserved in all sequenced haloarchaea. Of ten orc/cdc6 genes in Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, only two were found to be essential, orc10, on the large chromosome, and orc2, on the minichromosome, pNRC200. Of the three replicative-type DNA polymerase genes, two were essential: the chromosomally encoded B family, polB1, and the chromosomally encoded euryarchaeal-specific D family, polD1/D2 (formerly called polA1/polA2 in the Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 genome sequence. The pNRC200-encoded B family polymerase, polB2, was non-essential. Accessory genes for DNA replication initiation and elongation factors, including the putative replicative helicase, mcm, the eukaryotic-type DNA primase, pri1/pri2, the DNA polymerase sliding clamp, pcn, and the flap endonuclease, rad2, were all essential. Targeted genes were classified as non-essential if knockouts were obtained and essential based on statistical analysis and/or by demonstrating the inability to isolate chromosomal knockouts except in the presence of a complementing plasmid copy of the gene. Conclusion The results showed that ten

New Face for Chromatin-Related Mesenchymal Modulator: n-CHD9 Localizes to Nucleoli and Interacts With Ribosomal Genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Salomon-Kent, Ronit; Marom, Ronit; John, Sam; Dundr, Miroslav; Schiltz, Louis R; Gutierrez, Jose; Workman, Jerry; Benayahu, Dafna; Hager, Gordon L

2015-09-01

Mesenchymal stem cells' differentiation into several lineages is coordinated by a complex of transcription factors and co-regulators which bind to specific gene promoters. The Chromatin-Related Mesenchymal Modulator, CHD9 demonstrated in vitro its ability for remodeling activity to reposition nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner. Epigenetically, CHD9 binds with modified H3-(K9me2/3 and K27me3). Previously, we presented a role for CHD9 with RNA Polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription of tissue specific genes. Far less is known about CHD9 function in RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) related transcription of the ribosomal locus that also drives specific cell fate. We here describe a new form, the nucleolar CHD9 (n-CHD9) that is dynamically associated with Pol I, fibrillarin, and upstream binding factor (UBF) in the nucleoli, as shown by imaging and molecular approaches. Inhibitors of transcription disorganized the nucleolar compartment of transcription sites where rDNA is actively transcribed. Collectively, these findings link n-CHD9 with RNA pol I transcription in fibrillar centers. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and tilling arrays (ChIP- chip), we find an association of n-CHD9 with Pol I related to rRNA biogenesis. Our new findings support the role for CHD9 in chromatin regulation and association with rDNA genes, in addition to its already known function in transcription control of tissue specific genes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Participación comunitaria en la política de descentralización político- territorial del gobierno bolivariano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haydée Ochoa Henríquez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En el marco de un proyecto contrahegemónico al capitalismo impulsado por el Estado en Venezuela, se promueve la participación de las comunidades organizadas, lo cual ha formado parte de las nuevas estrategias de descentralización político territorial, antes centradas en la transferencia hacia niveles de gobierno subnacionales, ahora con un papel relevante de las comunidades organizadas como receptoras de competencias del poder público en sus distintos niveles político territoriales. Este trabajo tiene como propósito explorar las políticas de participación comunitaria en el gobierno bolivariano y su incidencia en la construcción de una nueva política de descentralización político-territorial. La metodología consistió en el análisis de las principales políticas públicas que tributan a la transferencia de competencias del poder público a las comunidades organizadas. Los resultados dan cuenta de: 1 Incorporación de las comunidades organizadas como sujetos de transferencias de competencias, 2 Promoción de las comunas como espacio político-territorial para la construcción de una nueva geometría del poder, 3 Definición de estrategias para la transferencia de competencias a las comunidades organizadas, 4 Supresión del término de gestión de competencias por las comunidades, por el de transferencia de gestión de servicios y 5 Regulación de la organización y funcionamiento del Consejo Federal de Gobierno como instancia constitucional promotora de transferencia de competencias hacia las comunidades organizadas. Se concluye que se encuentra en proceso la construcción de una nueva política de descentralización, donde la participación comunitaria y la búsqueda de equilibrio territorial constituyen el rasgo fundamental.

Raymond Aron ante el maquiavelismo político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Molina Cano, Jerónimo

2008-08-01

Full Text Available It is a simplification of Raymond Aron´s thought to consider him as a mere neo-liberal political thinker. The French sociologist, a well-known political realist, took part in the famous controversy about Machiavellianism that was Aron´s intellectual watershed from the Forties. Starting from that controversy the aim of the present paper is to inquire into his contribution to the so-called “moderate Machiavellianism”, whose Arcanum is that it is not always possible to choose the optimal means to face the right political action. Machiavellianism is not a merely scientific or epistemological question, but something that deeply determines all political actions.

La presentación de Raymond Aron como un escritor político neoliberal constituye una simplificación de su pensamiento. El sociólogo francés, que pertenece a la tradición del realismo político, tuvo una destacada intervención en la famosa polémica sobre el maquiavelismo que marcó un punto de inflexión en su pensamiento. Este artículo examina su contribución a esa inagotable polémica intelectual desde los años 40 y constata, finalmente, su encuadramiento en el denominado “maquiavelismo moderado”, cuyo arcano político es que, en política, no siempre se pueden elegir los medios de la acción. El maquiavelismo no es, en este sentido, un asunto científico o epistemológico, sino que determina profundamente toda acción política.

Inactivation of Pol θ and C-NHEJ eliminates off-target integration of exogenous DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Zelensky, Alex N; Schimmel, Joost; Kool, Hanneke; Kanaar, Roland; Tijsterman, Marcel

2017-07-07

Off-target or random integration of exogenous DNA hampers precise genomic engineering and presents a safety risk in clinical gene therapy strategies. Genetic definition of random integration has been lacking for decades. Here, we show that the A-family DNA polymerase θ (Pol θ) promotes random integration, while canonical non-homologous DNA end joining plays a secondary role; cells double deficient for polymerase θ and canonical non-homologous DNA end joining are devoid of any integration events, demonstrating that these two mechanisms define random integration. In contrast, homologous recombination is not reduced in these cells and gene targeting is improved to 100% efficiency. Such complete reversal of integration outcome, from predominately random integration to exclusively gene targeting, provides a rational way forward to improve the efficacy and safety of DNA delivery and gene correction approaches.Random off-target integration events can impair precise gene targeting and poses a safety risk for gene therapy. Here the authors show that repression of polymerase θ and classical non-homologous recombination eliminates random integration.

¿Políticas Públicas Abiertas? Apuntes exploratorios para el análisis y transformación de los diseños políticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cruz-Rubio, César Nicandro

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de una reflexión sobre el inevitable impacto del emergente paradigma del gobierno abierto (open government sobre el estudio de las políticas públicas y sus diseños (policy designs, y de una propuesta de definición descriptiva sobre lo que podría entenderse como “políticas públicas abiertas”, este esfuerzo busca identificar y explorar los elementos que deben tomarse en cuenta a la hora de analizar y transformar políticas públicas bajo la óptica y los principios del gobierno abierto. Orientado al análisis de políticas, este esfuerzo podría dar pautas conceptuales y metodológicas para la evaluación de políticas y para el análisis en clave comparativa. Reflexiones exploratorias finales se orientan sobre las situaciones y escenarios de cambio y tránsito de sistemas y políticas normales hacia sistemas político-administrativos y políticas públicas abiertos, poniendo énfasis en el entorno (o ecosistema potencial que surgiría como resultado de estos procesos, y que orillan a pensar en conjunto en un nuevo campo de análisis para el diseño y gestión de políticas públicas, definido (dado este primer acercamiento como “gobernanza abierta”.

La justicia como problema político. Del constructivismo moral kantiano al constructivismo político rawlsiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jefferson Jaramillo Marín

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone la justicia como un problema político desde la perspectiva del filósofo John Rawls. En su desarrollo se señalan las implicaciones del constructivismo kantiano en el constructivismo político rawlsiano. Se discute cómo la conexión entre estos dos tipos de constructivismo, proporciona un procedimiento de construcción, en el que agentes racionalmente autónomos, sujetos a condiciones razonables, elaboran acuerdos sobre principios públicos de justicia para lograr un sistema justo de cooperación que trascienda generacionalmente. Se concluye, mostrando las limitaciones y alcances de esta propuesta en el pensamiento filosófico y político contemporáneo.

76 FR 9028 - Guidance for Industry: Potency Tests for Cellular and Gene Therapy Products; Availability

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-16

...] Guidance for Industry: Potency Tests for Cellular and Gene Therapy Products; Availability AGENCY: Food and... Therapy Products'' dated January 2011. The guidance document provides manufacturers of cellular and gene... for Industry: Potency Tests for Cellular and Gene Therapy Products'' dated January 2011. The guidance...

Clase política y medios: explorando el fenómeno de la publicidad política encubierta en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rocío Araceli Galarza Molina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta lo s resultados de una investigación cualitativa que explora el fenómeno de la promoción publicitaria de los políticos de carrera en contenidos televisivos no comerciales , la cual tuvo un auge a partir de la reforma electoral de los años 2007 - 2008 . A partir de entonces se prohibió la compraventa de espacios en medios electrónicos para la promoción político - electoral, así como la aparición de funcionarios públicos en la publicidad oficial. Por medio de entrevis tas a profundidad se recopiló información que, codificada con base en el modelo de la teoría fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin, permitió comprobar la existencia de publicidad política encubierta, así como esbozar una definición de la misma y determinar sus características, causas y consecuencias. De esta forma se concluy e que, pese al cambio legal con el que se intentó introducir un nuevo modelo de comunicación política más equitativo y erradicar la venta de espacios en televisión para publicidad política , e sto no fue posible dadas las condiciones estructurales del sistema político mexicano y la relación existente entre medios y gobierno , misma que impacta sobre la comunicación política a la vez que rebasa la cuestión electoral y su marco regulatorio.

Blogs, artefactos y política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Belén Albornoz

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo problematiza la acepción de lo público en el espacio virtual que surge en la blogosfera política ecuatoriana en el contexto de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. A partir del análisis de la extensión de la política a los lugares virtuales, se aborda la blogosfera como proyecto político y la tecnología como formas de ordenamiento del mundo que la sociedad estabiliza. Se considera a la blogosfera política un espacio público regulado con la capacidad de ordenar y clasificar el mundo virtual por medio de dispositivos sociales, políticos y tecnológicos. Finalmente se propone el estudio del nuevo espacio público virtual desde un enfoque tecno-social que dé cuenta del entorno virtual como espacio formador de conductas.This article problematizes the acceptance of the public in the virtual space emerging in the Ecuadorian political blogosphere, in the context of the National Constitutional Assembly. Beginning with an analysis of the spread of politics to virtual spaces, the blogosphere is approached as a political project, and technology as ways of ordering the world that society stabilizes. The political blogosphere is taken to be a regulated public space with the ability to order and classify the virtual world by means of social, political and technological tools. Finally, the study of this new virtual public space from a techno-social focus is proposed, taking into account virtual surroundings as a space in which conducts are formed.

Subjetividades juveniles, expresiones políticas y uso de tecnologías digitales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica María Bermúdez Grajales

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo da cuenta de algunos hallazgos derivados de una revisión documental que tuvo como fin indagar en la relación entre subjetividades juveniles, expresiones políticas y uso de tecnologías digitales. Fueron revisadas 150 investigaciones publicadas a partir del año 2000 hasta el 2014, tanto en el ámbito internacional —Europa y Estados Unidos— como en el nacional. Uno de los principales hallazgos plantea que con las actuales tecnologías digitales se están cultivando prácticas políticas de gran trascendencia, en tanto se produce una comunicación apasionada, multimodal e incidental que logra distanciarse de una política tradicional-representativa, para articularse a los deseos y pulsiones de la subjetividad juvenil contemporánea. Además se plantea que el uso de las tecnologías se integra a propuestas contrahegemónicas en las que la apropiación de lenguajes hipertextuales constituye la des-identificación con una lógica dominante. En tal sentido, los videos, las imágenes, la música, las animaciones, los enlaces y los mensajes de texto se convierten en la construcción de una sintaxis que contribuye a traducir con más convencimiento la emoción, el afecto y el malestar del presente.

Políticas culturales y cultura política en una organización campesina del Magdalena Medio colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nydia Constanza Mendoza Romero

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo se orienta a la comprensión de algunas relaciones entre cultura y poder que median los procesos organizativos inscritos en zonas de conflicto social y armado colombiano. En particular, se analiza la forma en la cual, en la configuración histórica de una organización campesina en Cimitarra, se van imbricando las políticas culturales, que desde este tipo de agrupaciones se despliegan, con las culturas políticas locales y nacionales, proceso en el que se van redefiniendo también los modos de asumir lo político.

La Defensa, Política de Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muñoz-Alonso, Alejandro

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The areas of the State Policy are set, specially focussing on the Defense as it is closely related to concepts like National Interest and Anglo-Saxon bipartisan policy. Nevertheless, the political alternation will cause differences. It is also necessary to tell the difference between the State Policy and the Policy carried out by the State. That’s why the democratic Parliaments play a fundamental role in shaping the defence policy. Although the Parliament symbolizes the National Sovereignty there can be and there are actually differences with the Public Opinion. This sort of divorce is not really new as, in Spain, it became evident in a very intensive way on the occasion of decisions such as the Spanish entry into the NATO. A State Policy related to Defense, kept during a long time and resistant to political alternation would certainly be the best instrument to reach a culture of defense.Se establecen los ámbitos de las políticas de estado, con especial énfasis en la Defensa al estar esta vinculada al concepto de interés nacional, y al anglosajón bipartisan policy. No obstante, la alternancia política va a crear discrepancias. Conviene diferenciar la “Política de Estado” y la “Política del Estado”. Por ello, los Parlamentos democráticos juegan un papel fundamental en la conformación de la política de defensa. Pese a que el Parlamento representa a la soberanía nacional pueden producirse, y de hecho se producen, discrepancias con la opinión pública. Este divorcio no es nuevo y en España se ha manifestado de forma muy intensa con ocasión de tomas de decisión como la incorporación a la OTAN. Una política de Estado en defensa, mantenida en el tiempo y resistente a las alternancias políticas sería el instrumento más adecuado para lograr una cultura de defensa.

Leer lo estético desde lo político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verónica Peñafiel

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En el Ecuador, y específicamente en la vida política del país, el teatro ha jugado un papel más importante del que se le ha reconocido. Pensar lo estético relacionado con lo político, puede ser una interesante clave de lectura para el teatro quiteño y, me arriesgo a afirmar, para el teatro a secas. Este análisis no se lo hará desde el teatro político, se pretende, más bien, analizar la dimensión política del mismo y de la relación entre teatro y política. Dicha dimensión política ha tomado diversas caras. Con los matices posibles, ha pasado de las salas a la calle, del costumbrismo a lo grotesco, de las compañías a los grupos. Comprender estos matices con la óptica de lo político puede dar pistas para articular una lógica estética del teatro quiteño

Regulatory structures for gene therapy medicinal products in the European Union.

Science.gov (United States)

Klug, Bettina; Celis, Patrick; Carr, Melanie; Reinhardt, Jens

2012-01-01

Taking into account the complexity and technical specificity of advanced therapy medicinal products: (gene and cell therapy medicinal products and tissue engineered products), a dedicated European regulatory framework was needed. Regulation (EC) No. 1394/2007, the "ATMP Regulation" provides tailored regulatory principles for the evaluation and authorization of these innovative medicines. The majority of gene or cell therapy product development is carried out by academia, hospitals, and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Thus, acknowledging the particular needs of these types of sponsors, the legislation also provides incentives for product development tailored to them. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and, in particular, its Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT) provide a variety of opportunities for early interaction with developers of ATMPs to enable them to have early regulatory and scientific input. An important tool to promote innovation and the development of new medicinal products by micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises is the EMA's SME initiative launched in December 2005 to offer financial and administrative assistance to smaller companies. The European legislation also foresees the involvement of stakeholders, such as patient organizations, in the development of new medicines. Considering that gene therapy medicinal products are developed in many cases for treatment of rare diseases often of monogenic origin, the involvement of patient organizations, which focus on rare diseases and genetic and congenital disorders, is fruitful. Two such organizations are represented in the CAT. Research networks play another important role in the development of gene therapy medicinal products. The European Commission is funding such networks through the EU Sixth Framework Program. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Políticas de nacionalidade e políticas de imigração na França

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reis Rossana Rocha

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A partir do estudo das modificações e tentativas de modificações na política migratória e na política de nacionalidade francesas (a reforma no código de nacionalidade, as leis Pasqua e a lei Debré ocorridas desde meados dos anos 80, o artigo pretende demonstrar a existência de uma relação entre a elaboração dessas políticas e a construção da identidade nacional, relação que vem sofrendo importantes modificações sob o impacto do chamado processo de globalização. A globalização implica um redimensionamento do papel do Estado-nação, até então central na definição da identidade nacional, e esse processo vai se refletir no relacionamento do nacional com o estrangeiro, e conseqüentemente na definição das políticas que regulamentam essa relação.

Clientelismo político. Un concepto difuso pero útil para el análisis de la política local

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eucaris Zapata Osorno

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A pesar de que aún el concepto de clientelismo político es difuso, es una herramienta conceptual y metodológica útil para el análisis sobre política local. Tradicionalmente, la Ciencia Política ha producido trabajos basados en perspectivas teóricas y empíricas que han ayudado a comprender el fenómeno como un mecanismo de intermediación que se desarrolla a través de “redes clientelares”, en las que se generan dinámicas y estrategias de trabajo para establecer relaciones con el entorno o con la ciudadanía en general. En estas relaciones se visualiza su mecanismo principal: el intercambio de recursos. La claridad sobre dichos aspectos facilita entender la forma como se ha ejercido la política en Colombia y la lógica que hoy predomina en su sistema político respecto a la competencia por el poder en escenarios locales. El estudio se realiza mediante la metodología cualitativa y su estrategia de revisión documental, lo que permite realizar una comparación conceptual permanente.

Development and characterization of bilayer films of FucoPol and chitosan.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreira, Ana R V; Torres, Cristiana A V; Freitas, Filomena; Sevrin, Chantal; Grandfils, Christian; Reis, Maria A M; Alves, Vítor D; Coelhoso, Isabel M

2016-08-20

Bilayer films of FucoPol and chitosan were prepared and characterized in terms of optical, morphologic, hygroscopic, mechanical and barrier properties, to evaluate their potential application in food packaging. Bilayer films have shown dense and homogeneous layers, and presented enhanced properties when comparing to monolayer FucoPol films. Though, a high swelling degree in contact with liquid water (263.3%) and a high water vapour permeability (0.75×10(-11)mol/msPa), typical of polysaccharide films, was still observed. However, they presented a low permeability to O2 and CO2 (0.47×10(-16)molm/m(2)sPa and 5.8×10(-16)molm/m(2)sPa, respectively). Tensile tests revealed a flexible and resistant film with an elongation at break of 38% and an elastic modulus of 137MPa. The studied properties, in particular the excellent barrier to gases, impart these bilayer films potential to be used in packaging of low moisture content products, as well as in multilayered hydrophobic/hydrophilic/hydrophobic barriers for food products with a broader range of water content. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Role of damage-specific DNA polymerases in M13 phage mutagenesis induced by a major lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janowska, Beata [Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Kurpios-Piec, Dagmara [Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw (Poland); Prorok, Paulina [Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Szparecki, Grzegorz [Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-097 Warsaw (Poland); Komisarski, Marek [Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Kowalczyk, Pawel [Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Janion, Celina [Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Tudek, Barbara, E-mail: tudek@ibb.waw.pl [Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland); Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw (Poland)

2012-01-03

One of the major lipid peroxidation products trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), forms cyclic propano- or ethenoadducts bearing six- or seven-carbon atom side chains to G > C Much-Greater-Than A > T. To specify the role of SOS DNA polymerases in HNE-induced mutations, we tested survival and mutation spectra in the lacZ{alpha} gene of M13mp18 phage, whose DNA was treated in vitro with HNE, and which was grown in uvrA{sup -}Escherichia coli strains, carrying one, two or all three SOS DNA polymerases. When Pol IV was the only DNA SOS polymerase in the bacterial host, survival of HNE-treated M13 DNA was similar to, but mutation frequency was lower than in the strain containing all SOS DNA polymerases. When only Pol II or Pol V were present in host bacteria, phage survival decreased dramatically. Simultaneously, mutation frequency was substantially increased, but exclusively in the strain carrying only Pol V, suggesting that induction of mutations by HNE is mainly dependent on Pol V. To determine the role of Pol II and Pol IV in HNE induced mutagenesis, Pol II or Pol IV were expressed together with Pol V. This resulted in decrease of mutation frequency, suggesting that both enzymes can compete with Pol V, and bypass HNE-DNA adducts in an error-free manner. However, HNE-DNA adducts were easily bypassed by Pol IV and only infrequently by Pol II. Mutation spectrum established for strains expressing only Pol V, showed that in uvrA{sup -} bacteria the frequency of base substitutions and recombination increased in relation to NER proficient strains, particularly mutations at adenine sites. Among base substitutions A:T {yields} C:G, A:T {yields} G:C, G:C {yields} A:T and G:C {yields} T:A prevailed. The results suggest that Pol V can infrequently bypass HNE-DNA adducts inducing mutations at G, C and A sites, while bypass by Pol IV and Pol II is error-free, but for Pol II infrequent.

Candidate genes for drought tolerance and improved productivity in ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Madhu

tropics. Improving drought tolerance and productivity is one of the most difficult tasks for cereal breeders. The diffi- culty arises from the diverse strategies adopted by plants themselves to combat drought stress depending on the timing,. Candidate genes for drought tolerance and improved productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Ideales democráticos, religión y el destino manifiesto en la política exterior de los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa Aya Smitmans

2007-11-01

Full Text Available La política exterior de los Estados Unidos a pesar de sus orígenes idealistas, se define, de manera usual, como realista. Sin embargo, ese idealismo siempre está presente en el manejo de sus asuntos internacionales. Desde el

La fragmentación de la legitimidad política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Félix Ortega

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los problemas centrales de la política actual radica en las dificultades que tiene para legitimarse. La legitimación de la política ha venido efectuándose dentro del propio campo político, conforme a las reglas y racionalidad emanadas dentro del mismo. Pero hoy la política tiene que habérselas con una situación en la que existe una multiplicidad de ámbitos y lógicas que compiten con ella por la definición de lo público. Sin duda alguna, uno de estos ámbitos, quizás el más significativo, es el que genera el sistema de la comunicación. Los medios de comunicación son inseparables del sistema político, hasta el punto de que las reglas de los primeros acaban por imponerse al segundo. A partir de estas premisas, el artículo aborda cuatro grandes aspectos que expresan el carácter fragmentario, cuando no entrópico, de la política contemporánea. En el primero se analiza la desinstitucionalización de la política, cifrada tanto en su vaciamiento cuanto en su patrimonialización por parte de diversos lobbies. En el segundo se ponen de relieve las fuentes no políticas de la legitimidad, centradas en la administración que los medios masivos hacen del concepto "opinión pública". En tercer lugar, se plantea la inestabilidad e inconsistencia de las fórmulas políticas, sometidas al mismo proceso efímero de la producción de noticias. Por todo ello, y en cuarto ligar, puede hablarse de la emergencia de un nuevo modelo de política, la que el autor denomina "democracia mediática".

Escherichia coli yjjPB genes encode a succinate transporter important for succinate production.

Science.gov (United States)

Fukui, Keita; Nanatani, Kei; Hara, Yoshihiko; Yamakami, Suguru; Yahagi, Daiki; Chinen, Akito; Tokura, Mitsunori; Abe, Keietsu

2017-09-01

Under anaerobic conditions, Escherichia coli produces succinate from glucose via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. To date, however, no genes encoding succinate exporters have been established in E. coli. Therefore, we attempted to identify genes encoding succinate exporters by screening an E. coli MG1655 genome library. We identified the yjjPB genes as candidates encoding a succinate transporter, which enhanced succinate production in Pantoea ananatis under aerobic conditions. A complementation assay conducted in Corynebacterium glutamicum strain AJ110655ΔsucE1 demonstrated that both YjjP and YjjB are required for the restoration of succinate production. Furthermore, deletion of yjjPB decreased succinate production in E. coli by 70% under anaerobic conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that YjjPB constitutes a succinate transporter in E. coli and that the products of both genes are required for succinate export.

De la beneficencia a la reforma social. Los orígenes de la política social del Estado : estado de la cuestión, fuentes y archivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Feliciano Montero García

1994-01-01

Full Text Available El título de la ponencia —De la beneficiencia a la política social— sugiere deliberadamente un lento proceso de cambio en la mentalidad, las leyes, las políticas y las instituciones administrativas. Se alude a un tiempo más o menos largo de transición, en el que aparecen a menudo mezclados los criterios antiguos de la política asistencial con los nuevos de la política social. Pues, en general, los inicios de la política social (o del Estado del bienestar se plantean sobre la base de la política e instituciones preexistentes, que coexisten durante bastante tiempo con las nuevas. La transición del estado liberal al Estado social intervencionista, está acompañada por otra transición no menos significativa, en el terreno mental y en el institucional: de la beneficiencia a la previsión. Se trata de un período bastante largo, que por lo menos coincide con el largo período de la Restauración, aunque podamos introducir una periodización significativa.

A Polícia e suas Polícias: Clientela, Hierarquia, Soldado e Bandido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Ferreira de Azevedo

Full Text Available Resumo A polícia militar representa um braço do Estado e apresenta-se para a população de forma contundente, ostensiva e, por vezes, brutal, não só para a sociedade como para ela mesma. Através da Análise Institucional do Discurso, a pesquisa aqui relatada teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de reconhecimento e desconhecimento das relações no trabalho que permeiam o discurso de soldados da polícia militar: como estes falam de seu trabalho e, através desta fala, posicionam-se e posicionam sua clientela, sua hierarquia, seu objeto de trabalho (os “bandidos” e eles próprios. Buscou-se também analisar que lugar a violência ocupou neste discurso. Dez soldados da polícia militar do Estado de São Paulo foram entrevistados e a transcrição destas estrevistas foi analisada. A partir das análises, é possível refletir sobre a dubiedade do verdadeiro objetivo do trabalho policial, deslizando facilmente do cuidado da população desamparada ao cuidado de si, desamparado sob a pressão da farda.

Prototype Theory Based Feature Representation for PolSAR Images

OpenAIRE

Huang Xiaojing; Yang Xiangli; Huang Pingping; Yang Wen

2016-01-01

This study presents a new feature representation approach for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) image based on prototype theory. First, multiple prototype sets are generated using prototype theory. Then, regularized logistic regression is used to predict similarities between a test sample and each prototype set. Finally, the PolSAR image feature representation is obtained by ensemble projection. Experimental results of an unsupervised classification of PolSAR images show that our...

Reflections on the concepts of "politics," public policy and education policy Reflexiones sobre los conceptos de "política", políticas públicas y política educacional.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Espinoza

2009-04-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to shed light on three key issues: a the concepts of policy, public policy and educational policy and the interrelations that those concepts have when conducting policy analysis; b some procedures to conduct policy analysis; and c some trends observed during the development of educational policies based on the assumptions of critical theory and functionalist theory. Methodologically, this is a qualitative study which uses secondary sources (based on in depth literature review. The study concludes that the design and the implementation of educational policies are framed in different ways by policy makers and other stakeholders adopting the critical and the functionalist paradigm. Policy makers using critical theory as their main framework emphasize the necessity of linking the analysis, design and implementation of educational policies to the demands of those actors that usually are not the target of public policies, that is, poor people and minorities. On the other hand, policy makers that work with functionalist-positivist frameworks use to consider in their analyses technical factors, privileging in that sense, cost-benefit analysis, cost-efficiency analysis, and social indicators. EEl propósito de este artículo es proveer una mirada crítica en relación a tres aspectos: a los conceptos de “política”, políticas públicas y política educacional y las interrelaciones que tienen éstos al momento de conducirse el análisis de políticas; b algunos procedimientos para conducir el análisis de políticas; y c algunas tendencias observables en el campo de los procesos de desarrollo e implementación de políticas educacionales a partir de los fundamentos y supuestos que dan sustento tanto a la teoría crítica como al paradigma funcionalista-positivista. Metodológicamente, el estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa de carácter descriptivo-analítico y emplea fuentes secundarias de tipo documental. Tras un

Los determinantes sociales de la política científica en América Latina. Política científica explícita y política científica implícita

OpenAIRE

Herrera, Amílcar

1995-01-01

Herrera, A. (1995) Dossier: Los determinantes sociales de la política científica en América Latina. Política científica explícita y política científica implícita. Redes: Revista de estudios sociales de la ciencia, 2 (5), 117-131. Artículo publicado en el diario "La Opinión", Buenos Aires, 14 de julio de 1971 Article published in the newspaper "La Opinión", Buenos Aires, July 14, 1971

Radiochemical identification of the kil gene product of bacteriophage lambda

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greer, H.; Ausubel, F.M.

1979-01-01

The coliphage lambda kil gene product has been identified using a differential labeling technique . The kil gene polypeptide has a molecular weight of about 16,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration of the kil protein indicates that it may exist as a tetramer in native form

Agendamento de Políticas Públicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosane Rosa

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Aborda-se o conceito de advocacy e contra-agendamento como uma forma de a Sociedade Civil incluir suas causas na mídia, objetivando a tematização e a possibilidade de transformar-se em política pública. Analisa-se a reportagem “Uma conquista longe das ruas”; resultado de um agendamento compartilhado e que, em muitos aspectos, serve de referência para cobertura de políticas públicas sociais.

Detection of biosurfactants in Bacillus species: genes and products identification.

Science.gov (United States)

Płaza, G; Chojniak, J; Rudnicka, K; Paraszkiewicz, K; Bernat, P

2015-10-01

To screen environmental Bacillus strains for detection of genes encoding the enzymes involved in biosurfactant synthesis and to evaluate their products e.g. surfactin, iturin and fengycin. The taxonomic identification of isolated from the environment Bacillus strains was performed by Microgene ID Bacillus panel and GEN III Biolog system. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy for screening of genes in Bacillus strains was set up. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for the identification of lipopeptides (LPs). All studied strains exhibited the presence of srfAA gene and produced surfactin mostly as four homologues (C13 to C16). Moreover, in 2 strains (KP7, T'-1) simultaneous co-production of 3 biosurfactants: surfactin, iturin and fengycin was observed. Additionally, it was found out that isolate identified as Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis (KP7), beside LPs co-production, synthesizes surfactin with the efficiency much higher than other studied strains (40·2 mg l(-1) ) and with the yield ranging from 0·8 to 8·3 mg l(-1) . We showed that the combined methodology based on PCR and LC-MS/MS technique is an optimal tool for the detection of genes encoding enzymes involved in biosurfactant synthesis as well as their products, e.g. surfactin, iturin and fengycin. This approach improves the screening and the identification of environmental Bacillus co-producing biosurfactants-stimulating and facilitating the development of this area of science. The findings of this work will help to improve screening of biosurfactant producers. Discovery of novel biosurfactants and biosurfactants co-production ability has shed light on their new application fields and for the understanding of their interactions and properties. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Regulation of gene expression by tobacco product preparations in cultured human dermal fibroblasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malpass, Gloria E.; Arimilli, Subhashini; Prasad, G.L.; Howlett, Allyn C.

2014-01-01

Skin fibroblasts comprise the first barrier of defense against wounds, and tobacco products directly contact the oral cavity. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to smokeless tobacco extract (STE), total particulate matter (TPM) from tobacco smoke, or nicotine at concentrations comparable to those found in these extracts for 1 h or 5 h. Differences were identified in pathway-specific genes between treatments and vehicle using qRT-PCR. At 1 h, IL1α was suppressed significantly by TPM and less significantly by STE. Neither FOS nor JUN was suppressed at 1 h by tobacco products. IL8, TNFα, VCAM1, and NFκB1 were suppressed after 5 h with STE, whereas only TNFα and NFκB1 were suppressed by TPM. At 1 h with TPM, secreted levels of IL10 and TNFα were increased. Potentially confounding effects of nicotine were exemplified by genes such as ATF3 (5 h), which was increased by nicotine but suppressed by other components of STE. Within 2 h, TPM stimulated nitric oxide production, and both STE and TPM increased reactive oxygen species. The biological significance of these findings and utilization of the gene expression changes reported herein regarding effects of the tobacco product preparations on dermal fibroblasts will require additional research. - Highlights: • Tobacco product preparations (TPPs) alter gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. • Some immediate early genes critical to the inflammatory process are affected. • Different TPPs produce differential responses in certain pro-inflammatory genes

Regulation of gene expression by tobacco product preparations in cultured human dermal fibroblasts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malpass, Gloria E., E-mail: gloria.malpass@gmail.com [Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (United States); Arimilli, Subhashini, E-mail: sarimill@wakehealth.edu [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (United States); Prasad, G.L., E-mail: prasadg@rjrt.com [R and D Department, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27102 (United States); Howlett, Allyn C., E-mail: ahowlett@wakehealth.edu [Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (United States)

2014-09-01

Skin fibroblasts comprise the first barrier of defense against wounds, and tobacco products directly contact the oral cavity. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to smokeless tobacco extract (STE), total particulate matter (TPM) from tobacco smoke, or nicotine at concentrations comparable to those found in these extracts for 1 h or 5 h. Differences were identified in pathway-specific genes between treatments and vehicle using qRT-PCR. At 1 h, IL1α was suppressed significantly by TPM and less significantly by STE. Neither FOS nor JUN was suppressed at 1 h by tobacco products. IL8, TNFα, VCAM1, and NFκB1 were suppressed after 5 h with STE, whereas only TNFα and NFκB1 were suppressed by TPM. At 1 h with TPM, secreted levels of IL10 and TNFα were increased. Potentially confounding effects of nicotine were exemplified by genes such as ATF3 (5 h), which was increased by nicotine but suppressed by other components of STE. Within 2 h, TPM stimulated nitric oxide production, and both STE and TPM increased reactive oxygen species. The biological significance of these findings and utilization of the gene expression changes reported herein regarding effects of the tobacco product preparations on dermal fibroblasts will require additional research. - Highlights: • Tobacco product preparations (TPPs) alter gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. • Some immediate early genes critical to the inflammatory process are affected. • Different TPPs produce differential responses in certain pro-inflammatory genes.

Por qué fracasan las políticas migratorias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen Castles

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Tanto en Gran Bretaña como en toda la Unión Europea la inmigración y el asilo son asuntos claves en política. Sin embargo, parece que las políticas de los estados y los órganos supranacionales no han conseguido evitar los flujos no deseados ni gestionar con eficacia la inmigración y su integración. Este artículo analiza tres tipos de razones que justifican el fracaso de estas políticas: factores que derivan de la dinámica social del proceso migratorio; factores relacionados con la globalización y la división Norte-Sur; y factores que surgen dentro de los sistemas políticos. Entre los temas principales se encuentran el papel de la acción del inmigrante, la forma en que la división Norte-Sur favorece estos flujos migratorios y los programas ocultos en las políticas nacionales. También se comentan los esfuerzos de la UE para tratar las causas fundamentales de la migración en los países de origen. El artículo concluye que las políticas migratorias podrían ser más eficaces si estuvieran relacionadas de forma explícita con los programas políticos a largo plazo centrados en el comercio, el desarrollo y la prevención de conflictos. La auténtica clave para conseguir una gestión de la migración eficaz es reducir las diferencias Norte-Sur.

La defensa de presos políticos a comienzos de los ´70: ejercicio profesional, derecho y política

OpenAIRE

Chama, Mauricio

2010-01-01

El trabajo aborda la relación entre abogacía y política a comienzos de la década del '70. Más precisamente se propone identificar y reconstruir los principales rasgos que asume la defensa de presos políticos en ese período. Más que una labor específica, se entiende que la defensa de presos políticos en esos años representó una novedosa configuración que logró articular una nueva asociación de profesionales del derecho, renovadas estrategias de defensa, una vasta y sistemática labor de denunci...

Impactos na produção de políticas "desacopladas" na agricultura norte-americana: o papel do risco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Bragança Coelho

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, esforços têm sido feitos no sentido de modificar as políticas de apoio à agricultura para minimizar os efeitos distorcivos sobre a produção e o comércio internacional. Ênfase tem sido dada às políticas desacopladas de preços e/ou produção, sobretudo às transferências diretas de renda aos agricultores, consideradas neutras em relação às decisões de produção corrente. O argumento é de que estas políticas têm efeitos mínimos na produção atual, pois não influenciam os retornos marginais da cultura, já que seus pagamentos independem da produção corrente. Este estudo mostra que, ao contrário, as decisões de produção correntes são afetadas pelas políticas de transferência de renda, especialmente através dos efeitos diretos sobre a percepção de risco dos agricultores. Estes efeitos, divididos em efeito-renda e efeito-segurança, estimulam o aumento da área plantada e assim, têm efeitos sobre a produção e os preços.In the last few years, efforts have been made to modify agricultural support policies in order to minimize the distortive impacts on product level and on international trade. Emphasis has been given to decoupled payments, considered neutral to current production decisions. The main argument is that such payments do not influence the crop marginal returns because they are not based on current production. This article shows, however, that current production decisions are influenced by decoupled payments through direct impacts on risk perception by farmers. These effects, classified as income effect and insurance effect, stimulate the increase in planted area and, therefore, have impacts on production and price levels.

El Desequilibrio de lo Político en Hegel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Ignacio Arias Krause

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El problema político de la sociedad civil se fundamenta en su doble forma de manifestarse: por un lado, en ella se revela el carácter externo u objetivo del Estado y, por otro, produce una escisión al interior del mismo Estado. Tal problema que aparece como contradictorio (el ser exterior e interior a la vez es presentado en el pensamiento político de Hegel, en vistas a superar las dicotomías que en la teoría política moderna aparecían como insalvables. Esta superación Hegel la realiza mediante una interiorización de aquellos elementos que anteriormente habían sido marginados de la política, como son lo natural y el dominio privado, los que emergerían en la sociedad civil. En este artículo se exponen estos elementos en vistas a mostrar cómo es en este movimiento de interiorización y exteriorización de ellos donde se posibilita el acontecer de lo político.

Survey of Current US Army POL Doctrine, Procedures, Personnel, and Equipment for the Supply and Inland Distribution of Bulk POL

Science.gov (United States)

1985-10-01

Refueling Under Armor ......................... 34 Page i ,t .J APPENDICES A. POL Unit Missions and Capabilities ....................... A-I B. Roster...refueling Open versus closed port refueling Requirement for Refueling Under Armor Robotic refueler V % Page 34 S.< ’p. ". APPgeDI A-"" • " ’ ’ POL " it

La subjetividad política y la socialización política, desde las márgenes de la psicología política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Victoria Alvarado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se trata de un trabajo en el que abordamos inicialmente una tematización de la psicología política, desde sus antecedentes históricos generales, sus investigaciones más significativas, las categorías emblemáticas de su campo de estudio y su horizonte de desarrollo en Latinoamérica, a través de lo cual identificamos el marco disciplinar desde donde se construyen las categorías de la socialización y de la subjetividad política como núcleos conceptuales, señalando los límites de la visión solipsista disciplinar y su imposibilidad de recoger la multisémica complejidad de dichas categorías, por lo cual se hace necesario emprender la vía de su deconstrucción histórica, tratando de identificar sus relaciones categoriales transdisciplinares, más allá de las márgenes de la misma psicología política.

Mechanism of selective recruitment of RNA polymerases II and III to snRNA gene promoters.

Science.gov (United States)

Dergai, Oleksandr; Cousin, Pascal; Gouge, Jerome; Satia, Karishma; Praz, Viviane; Kuhlman, Tracy; Lhôte, Philippe; Vannini, Alessandro; Hernandez, Nouria

2018-05-01

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters and type 3 Pol III promoters have highly similar structures; both contain an interchangeable enhancer and "proximal sequence element" (PSE), which recruits the SNAP complex (SNAPc). The main distinguishing feature is the presence, in the type 3 promoters only, of a TATA box, which determines Pol III specificity. To understand the mechanism by which the absence or presence of a TATA box results in specific Pol recruitment, we examined how SNAPc and general transcription factors required for Pol II or Pol III transcription of SNAPc-dependent genes (i.e., TATA-box-binding protein [TBP], TFIIB, and TFIIA for Pol II transcription and TBP and BRF2 for Pol III transcription) assemble to ensure specific Pol recruitment. TFIIB and BRF2 could each, in a mutually exclusive fashion, be recruited to SNAPc. In contrast, TBP-TFIIB and TBP-BRF2 complexes were not recruited unless a TATA box was present, which allowed selective and efficient recruitment of the TBP-BRF2 complex. Thus, TBP both prevented BRF2 recruitment to Pol II promoters and enhanced BRF2 recruitment to Pol III promoters. On Pol II promoters, TBP recruitment was separate from TFIIB recruitment and enhanced by TFIIA. Our results provide a model for specific Pol recruitment at SNAPc-dependent promoters. © 2018 Dergai et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Estimation of POL-iteration methods in fast running DNBR code

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwon, Hyuk; Kim, S. J.; Seo, K. W.; Hwang, D. H. [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

In this study, various root finding methods are applied to the POL-iteration module in SCOMS and POLiteration efficiency is compared with reference method. On the base of these results, optimum algorithm of POL iteration is selected. The POL requires the iteration until present local power reach limit power. The process to search the limiting power is equivalent with a root finding of nonlinear equation. POL iteration process involved in online monitoring system used a variant bisection method that is the most robust algorithm to find the root of nonlinear equation. The method including the interval accelerating factor and escaping routine out of ill-posed condition assured the robustness of SCOMS system. POL iteration module in SCOMS shall satisfy the requirement which is a minimum calculation time. For this requirement of calculation time, non-iterative algorithm, few channel model, simple steam table are implemented into SCOMS to improve the calculation time. MDNBR evaluation at a given operating condition requires the DNBR calculation at all axial locations. An increasing of POL-iteration number increased a calculation load of SCOMS significantly. Therefore, calculation efficiency of SCOMS is strongly dependent on the POL iteration number. In case study, the iterations of the methods have a superlinear convergence for finding limiting power but Brent method shows a quardratic convergence speed. These methods are effective and better than the reference bisection algorithm.

Las políticas sociales en el marco de la Constitución Política de 1991

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennyffer Vargas Laverde

2010-11-01

Full Text Available El artículo invita a la reflexión de la política social como paradigma de las doctrinas políticas y económicas de los últimos años. Se explica el desarrollo teórico y normativo de los modelos del Estado Social de Derecho y de la Economía Social de Mercado, así como su incidencia en la construcción de todo tipo de políticas públicas que, en la actualidad, para ser exitosas, demandan de la acción decidida y concertada tanto del Estado como del sector privado. En la parte final, y teniendo como contexto esta reflexión, se determina el valor particular que tienen las alianzas público –público y público– privadas (APP en la consecución de los fines sociales del Estado en Colombia; se hace un especial énfasis en la utilidad de su aplicación a las políticas de desarrollo urbano, y se presentan algunos casos de experiencias de APP llevadas a cabo tanto por organismos de cooperación para el desarrollo como por instituciones públicas en Bogotá.

Improvement of oxytetracycline production mediated via cooperation of resistance genes in Streptomyces rimosus.

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Shouliang; Wang, Xuefeng; Shi, Mingxin; Yuan, Fang; Wang, Huizhuan; Jia, Xiaole; Yuan, Fang; Sun, Jinliang; Liu, Tiejun; Yang, Keqian; Zhang, Yuxiu; Fan, Keqiang; Li, Zilong

2017-09-01

Increasing the self-resistance levels of Streptomyces is an effective strategy to improve the production of antibiotics. To increase the oxytetracycline (OTC) production in Streptomyces rimosus, we investigated the cooperative effect of three co-overexpressing OTC resistance genes: one gene encodes a ribosomal protection protein (otrA) and the other two express efflux proteins (otrB and otrC). Results indicated that combinational overexpression of otrA, otrB, and otrC (MKABC) exerted a synergetic effect. OTC production increased by 179% in the recombinant strain compared with that of the wild-type strain M4018. The resistance level to OTC was increased by approximately two-fold relative to the parental strain, thereby indicating that applying the cooperative effect of self-resistance genes is useful to improve OTC production. Furthermore, the previously identified cluster-situated activator OtcR was overexpressed in MKABC in constructing the recombinant strain MKRABC; such strain can produce OTC of approximately 7.49 g L -1 , which represents an increase of 19% in comparison with that of the OtcR-overexpressing strain alone. Our work showed that the cooperative overexpression of self-resistance genes is a promising strategy to enhance the antibiotics production in Streptomyces.

La política educativa de la Unión Europea: fundamentos, evolución histórica y propuesta de un modelo para su análisis crítico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier M. Valle

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se defiende la idea de que puede hablarse claramente de política educativa de la Unión Europea desde los mismos orígenes de esta entidad supranacional. El autor se detiene en presentar los fundamentos históricos que dan sentido a esa política, su evolución, organizada en una serie de etapas de las que nos presenta sus características y sus factores explicativos y, por último, ofrece un novedoso modelo de análisis que permitiría una interpretación crítica de esa política educativa. 

Molecular basis for PrimPol recruitment to replication forks by RPA.

Science.gov (United States)

Guilliam, Thomas A; Brissett, Nigel C; Ehlinger, Aaron; Keen, Benjamin A; Kolesar, Peter; Taylor, Elaine M; Bailey, Laura J; Lindsay, Howard D; Chazin, Walter J; Doherty, Aidan J

2017-05-23

DNA damage and secondary structures can stall the replication machinery. Cells possess numerous tolerance mechanisms to complete genome duplication in the presence of such impediments. In addition to translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases, most eukaryotic cells contain a multifunctional replicative enzyme called primase-polymerase (PrimPol) that is capable of directly bypassing DNA damage by TLS, as well as repriming replication downstream of impediments. Here, we report that PrimPol is recruited to reprime through its interaction with RPA. Using biophysical and crystallographic approaches, we identify that PrimPol possesses two RPA-binding motifs and ascertained the key residues required for these interactions. We demonstrate that one of these motifs is critical for PrimPol's recruitment to stalled replication forks in vivo. In addition, biochemical analysis reveals that RPA serves to stimulate the primase activity of PrimPol. Together, these findings provide significant molecular insights into PrimPol's mode of recruitment to stalled forks to facilitate repriming and restart.

Política y Geometría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Lillo Villalobos

2011-04-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se aplican conceptos matemáticos al planteamiento deun problema de competición política. Se desarrolla y se implementaademás un método que usa herramientas relacionadas con la geometríacomputacional para la resolución de dicho problema, probándose dicho método en un ejemplo basado en la política española.

Candidate genes for drought tolerance and improved productivity in ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Madhu

Improving drought tolerance and productivity is one of the most difficult tasks for ... Keywords. Candidate gene; mapping population; polymerase chain reaction; single marker analysis. .... ple and the mean value computed. 2.4 Isolation of DNA.

Cuando todo es político, ¿qué es la política?: una acotación empírica desde el post-humanismo Cuando todo es político, ¿qué es la política?: una acotación empírica desde el post-humanismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Calonge Reíllo

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo intenta contribuir a resolver una de las más marcadas deficiencias que se atribuyen al paradigma post-humanista. En la medida en que desde dicho paradigma se señala que la ontología es política, se dificulta al mismo tiempo la comprensión de un sentido particular y específico de política. Desde esta visión, todo es político y, en consecuencia, nada es político. En el artículo reviso algunas de las soluciones que se han aportado para solventar esta carencia y añado las limitaciones que presentan. Buscando una vía para evitar la acusación, ofrezco una lectura post-humanista de las migraciones, para el caso concreto de las mujeres inmigrantes en la Comunidad de Madrid.Apartir de esa lectura, planteo la interrogación sobre qué constituyó, en concreto, la especificidad de las mujeres que migraron por razones políticas. A raíz de esta elucidación induzco unos mínimos criterios para caracterizar a la ‘migración política’, que la diferencie de otros tipos de migraciones. Desde esta elucidación realizo una extrapolación al campo más general de la política para el post-humanismo. Habiendo elucidado el hecho político de las migraciones políticas, intento establecer, dentro del paradigma post-humanista, qué constituye finalmente una noción específica y concreta sobre lo político que subsane la crítica de partida sobre la falta de especificidad de la política para el post-humanismo.In this article I will try to solve one of the most acute deficiencies in the post-humanist paradigm. As it is known, in this paradigm it is argued that ontology is political, therefore it has to be concluded that everything is political. In that case, post-humanism is accused of lacking a specific sense for the term ‘politics’. In the article, I review some of the solutions that have been proposed to give a more specific sense of politics and I include the reasons why such solutions are inadequate. Searching for a way to

La gráfica política y los marcos de acción colectiva en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (2010-2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos de Jesùs Gómez Abarca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es interpretar la gráfica política realizada en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, integrada por composiciones que generalmente incluyen texto e imágenes. Se realizó, inicialmente, un análisis elemental de tipo semiótico visual a un registro fotográfico (2010-2013 de 63 producciones visuales, el cual fue complementado, posteriormente, con una interpretación desde la perspectiva de los marcos de acción colectiva. Se concluye que estas intervenciones, además de ser un vehículo de expresión política, constituyen marcos interpretativos que orientan las acciones colectivas de los diferentes actores políticos que confluyen en la ciudad.

A elaboração das políticas públicas de turismo do Estado do Amapá com base nos instrumentos políticos propostos por Bramwell

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cálidon Costa Conceição

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo tem como escopo caracterizar as políticas públicas de turismo do Estado do Amapá no período de 2003 a 2013 através dos instrumentos políticos proposto por Bramwell, que são o encorajamento, incentivos financeiros, investimentos públicos, e regulamentação, sendo acrescido mais um instrumento nesta pesquisa denominado de comprometimento dos atores do turismo. Os instrumentos políticos são utilizados para entender como surgiram as políticas públicas de turismo do Estado do Amapá, sendo elencados quatro programas e um projeto entre os anos de 2003 a 2013 que serviram como base para caracterizar essa política. A metodologia utilizada foi através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, tendo suporte nos instrumentos políticos que possibilitaram entender a elaboração desta política de turismo, que teve como base os Planos Nacionais de Turismo e o Programa de Regionalização do Turismo.

Amor y política.

OpenAIRE

Hernando Bernal.

1998-01-01

Este trabajo pretende hacer una serie de consideraciones que apuntan sobre todo a extraer una definición de lo que es «la política» para el psicoanálisis a partir de una observación que hace Jacques Alain Miller en su texto Lógicas de la vida amorosa sobre cómo Freud introduce una «teoría política» a partir de su texto Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo.En dicho texto Freud hace ver el poder ordenador y apaciguador del amor) significante amo) en la medida en que una masa no es más que ...

Por que rir da Filosofia Política?: Abertura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lessa Renato

1998-01-01

Full Text Available As diferentes intervenções que compuseram este debate têm como referência comum uma reflexão sobre os lugares da Filosofia Política na tradição disciplinar que designamos como Ciência Política. Recusando a perspectiva que dissocia a Filosofia Política da dimensão empiricamente orientada da disciplina, os argumentos apresentados destacam o papel de fertilização de formas de vida cumprido pela primeira. A agenda dos pesquisadores devotados à boa faina da investigação empírica foi, e segue sendo, em grande medida definida e configurada por exercícios prévios de invenção social e política e por decisões de ordem ontológica, epistemológica e retórica. Neste sentido, a distinção entre ciência e filosofia é, além de obscurantista e marcada por enorme otimismo epistemológico, sintoma de um desconhecimento forte com relação à história do conhecimento político.

Coregulation of terpenoid pathway genes and prediction of isoprene production in Bacillus subtilis using transcriptomics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hess, Becky M.; Xue, Junfeng; Markillie, Lye Meng; Taylor, Ronald C.; Wiley, H. S.; Ahring, Birgitte K.; Linggi, Bryan E.

2013-06-19

The isoprenoid pathway converts pyruvate to isoprene and related isoprenoid compounds in plants and some bacteria. Currently, this pathway is of great interest because of the critical role that isoprenoids play in basic cellular processes as well as the industrial value of metabolites such as isoprene. Although the regulation of several pathway genes has been described, there is a paucity of information regarding the system level regulation and control of the pathway. To address this limitation, we examined Bacillus subtilis grown under multiple conditions and then determined the relationship between altered isoprene production and the pattern of gene expression. We found that terpenoid genes appeared to fall into two distinct subsets with opposing correlations with respect to the amount of isoprene produced. The group whose expression levels positively correlated with isoprene production included dxs, the gene responsible for the commitment step in the pathway, as well as ispD, and two genes that participate in the mevalonate pathway, yhfS and pksG. The subset of terpenoid genes that inversely correlated with isoprene production included ispH, ispF, hepS, uppS, ispE, and dxr. A genome wide partial least squares regression model was created to identify other genes or pathways that contribute to isoprene production. This analysis showed that a subset of 213 regulated genes was sufficient to create a predictive model of isoprene production under different conditions and showed correlations at the transcriptional level. We conclude that gene expression levels alone are sufficiently informative about the metabolic state of a cell that produces increased isoprene and can be used to build a model which accurately predicts production of this secondary metabolite across many simulated environmental conditions.

Revisitando la Política de Derechos Humanos de la Administración Carter: Entendiendo los Desafíos Tradicionales para la Política Exterior Contemporánea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis da Vinha

2014-05-01

Full Text Available La Administración Carter llegó al Gobierno con la intención de cambiar la lógica tradicional de la política exterior de los EE.UU., a saber mediante la promoción de una política exterior situada en un marco basado en los derechos humanos. El gobierno trató de hacer de los derechos humanos un elemento central de la política exterior de los EE.UU. al mismo tiempo buscando proteger los intereses nacionales de los Estados Unidos en el extranjero. Sin embargo, desde el principio, los críticos han considerado que la política de la Administración era incongruente e fluctuante debido a su incapacidad de comprender la complejidad en equilibrar muchas cuestiones inherentemente contradictorias. En este trabajo se analiza la política de derechos humanos del gobierno de Carter. Demuestra cómo la Administración reconoció la dificultad de conciliar las cuestiones morales y materiales en el desarrollo de su política exterior. Además, considera cómo la política de derechos humanos de los EE.UU. ha informado a la política exterior de los gobiernos posteriores. Se destaca la dinámica continua contribuyendo para las inconsistencias verificadas entre el discurso y el comportamiento de la política exterior.

Desigualdad, democracia, política y cooperación

OpenAIRE

Prats i Català, Joan

2005-01-01

La crisis de gobernabilidad democrática que hoy viven tantos países latinoamericanos procede de la incapacidad del sistema político y del Estado para resolver, de modo pacífico y duradero, el conflicto distributivo. La democratización ha cambiado la estructura y los costos de organización y participación política y, con ello, ha generado una ampliación del mapa de actores y conflictos. Pero, ante la debilidad institucional de los partidos políticos, su crisis de representati...

Elecciones, Jóvenes y Política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna María Fernández Poncela

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto muestra el papel de la juventud en un posible cambio político, especialmente en el espacio elec toral. Se centra, en concreto, en la postura político - elec toral de los jóvenes en nuestros días y de cara al fu turo cercano; por una parte, comparada con otros grupos de edad; por otra, específicamente en tre los universitarios, y finalmente intentando vislumbrar los escenarios del porvenir al respecto. Para ello se emplearán datos de una encuesta nacional, encuestas universitarias y sondeos de opinión en torno a la convocatoria de 1997, sobre todo en los resultados de las preguntas sobre la simpatía política y preferencias electorales, a quiénes se votó y a quiénes se votará.

Descentralização político-administrativa da política nacional de assistência social: o papel do governo do estado de Minas Gerais

OpenAIRE

Arnout, Tatiana de Toledo

2014-01-01

A dissertação aqui apresentada trata do papel do governo do estado de Minas Gerais no processo de descentralização político-administrativa da política de assistência social, no âmbito do SUAS. Para tanto, apresenta as características acerca da constituição do Estado Federativo brasileiro e o processo de centralização e descentralização ocorrido nas políticas sociais, especificamente, na política de assistência social. Destaca a necessidade das relações entre as esferas de governo estarem asse...

La justicia como problema político. Del constructivismo moral kantiano al constructivismo político rawlsiano

OpenAIRE

Jefferson Jaramillo Marín; Yesid Echeverry Enciso

2009-01-01

El artículo expone la justicia como un problema político desde la perspectiva del filósofo John Rawls. En su desarrollo se señalan las implicaciones del constructivismo kantiano en el constructivismo político rawlsiano. Se discute cómo la conexión entre estos dos tipos de constructivismo, proporciona un procedimiento de construcción, en el que agentes racionalmente autónomos, sujetos a condiciones razonables, elaboran acuerdos sobre principios públicos de justicia para lograr un sistema justo...

Personal, particular y político: la producción del bien público en la práctica política cotidiana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victoria Ortiz de Rozas

Full Text Available Resumo El objetivo del artículo es estudiar, a través de la actividad de quienes ocupan cargos políticos, las prácticas concretas que intervienen en la producción del “bien público”, entendido como la distribución de los bienes públicos hacia los ciudadanos. El interés surge de la tensión entre el comportamiento ideal de los políticos –según reglas universales y públicamente orientadas- y una práctica concreta que implica tener en cuenta problemáticas de ciudadanos y grupos sociales determinados, así como los propios intereses políticos. Se cuestiona la relación entre impersonalidad e interés público, planteando que la distribución personalizada de los bienes públicos no supone necesariamente su apropiación privada. Se presenta el estudio empírico de la actividad cotidiana de diferentes políticos con distintos cargos electivos, pertenecientes al partido gobernante, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, cuyo régimen político ha sido caracterizado por la importancia de las relaciones personales y la politización de la burocracia. Siguiendo una estrategia metodológica cualitativa- que recurre a las técnicas de las entrevistas en profundidad y a la observación no participante; se reconstruye su actividad política cotidiana y las nociones de los políticos sobre sus propias prácticas; prestando atención a las formas de vinculación con los ciudadanos y con otros políticos y funcionarios. El artículo muestra que las tareas de los políticos provinciales, involucran el contacto personalizado tanto con los ciudadanos, como con funcionarios de distintos niveles de la administración pública, que les permiten viabilizar la distribución de bienes públicos hacia sus representados; actividades principalmente de carácter informal. Se muestra que, aunque los objetos de sus acciones sean ciudadanos y grupos territoriales determinados –lejos de la ciudadanía concebida en forma abstracta-, ello no es

As políticas activas e passivas do mercado de trabalho

OpenAIRE

Novo, Álvaro; Centeno, Mário

2008-01-01

A generalidade dos países utiliza políticas destinadas a minorar os custos sociais e individuais do desemprego. Os economistas classificam estas políticas do mercado de trabalho em dois grupos: (i) políticas activas e (ii) políticas passivas. As primeiras têm como objectivo dotar os desempregados com as qualificações necessárias para minimizar a duração do desemprego, enquanto as segundas visam garantir uma fonte de rendimento durante o período de desemprego, sendo particularmente úteis para ...

Governança global e transferência de política: influências do Protocolo de Cartagena na Política Nacional de Biossegurança

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuna Fontoura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available No contexto de governança global, analisamos o tema da transferência de política, no qual a formulação de políticas públicas é influenciada por experiências de contextos políticos diferentes. Neste sentido, questionamos de que forma o Protocolo de Cartagena influenciou a formulação da Política Nacional de Biossegurança (PNB. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com respondentes qualificados, que atuaram direta ou indiretamente na formulação da PNB. No tratamento dos dados adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da utilização da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que houve transferência de política no formato de aprendizado (ou lesson drawing do Protocolo de Cartagena à PNB.

Sobre o "político": com Schmitt e apesar de Schmitt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamín Arditi

Full Text Available Uma observação padrão na literatura é o tratamento dado por Schmitt às oscilações políticas entre a nostalgia por um Estado forte da era vestfaliana e uma descrição lúcida do novo cenário político estatal e não-estatal. Menos óbvio é que essas tensões não impedem possibilidades mais interessantes do seu trabalho. Para encontrá-las, é preciso preparar-se para pensar com e a despeito de Schmitt, seja navegando através de sua teoria do político, sem endossar todas as consequências que ele extrai delas, ou tomando sua reflexão em algumas direções que ele não previu, ou não desejou percorrer. Eu examino algumas das tensões - a natureza do vínculo entre guerra e política, o status de inimigos, a justificativa moral da excelência da ordem - e uso sua distinção entre a política e o político - talvez seu discernimento mais original - para desenvolver o tema da dupla inscrição do político.

Lo político y la política. Un diálogo de Nicos Poulantzas y Antonio Gramsci

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Rodríguez Rincón

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina la vitalidad teórica actual del marxismo en autores como Poulantzas y Gramsci, que encuentra su presencia al volver sobre la cuestión central del Estado, que lleva directamente a lo político y la política. Bajo proposiciones críticas, ambos autores analizan formas políticas que diseñan una nueva relación de fuerzas cuando el Estado hegemónico hace crisis. Hoy sabemos que la reacción ha acentuado, autoritariamente, el discurso “liberal”. Un diálogo entre Poulantzas y Gramsci renueva el problema epistemológico que toca la “teoría del Estado”. Pero, más allá, no sólo permite valorar la democracia radical, implicada en los movimientos de las masas populares, sino que, sobre todo, permite pensar su incidencia bajo la forma del Estado en una transición: sea como ruptura de sus aparatos en tanto emerge un “no-Estado”; o, sea, como “transformación democrática radical” de su funcionamiento, en tanto emerge una nueva relación política, porque la crisis es orgánica. Ahí, deviene una nueva hegemonía.

Políticas públicas: bienestar, reconocimiento, simulacro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Bayce

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Las políticas públicas son hijas del crecimiento de los Estados posrrenacentistas y de las necesidades de planificación administrativa de sociedades de masas. Las políticas conservadoras afirman la subsidiariedad del Estado, se centran en la familia y en el temor a la democracia y a los sindicatos. Las liberales se anclan en la corrección de fallas del mercado y de contingencias biológicas. Las socialdemócratas, más ambiciosas, aspiran a una previsión de todas las contingencias y desigualdades ilegítimas, desde un Estado orientador del mercado y no subsidiario. Los Estados de Bienestar surgen del intento de superar recesiones, desempleo y malestar social desde la inversión, hasta deficitaria, de Estados que esperan luego recuperar su inversión. Las nociones de soberanía y de derechos humanos dificultan ese retorno y nutren un crecimiento progresivo de los imaginarios de consumo que erosionan un sistema inicialmente exitoso, desde que no son más inversiones e intervenciones de emergencia sino parte del cálculo de bienestares colectivos e individuales. Son víctimas de su éxito. Pese a que los neoliberales subrayan las insuficiencias teóricas y los fallos históricos de las políticas públicas clásicas, llegados al poder todos las aplican porque la cultura política los supone y enfrentarla sería electoralmente suicida. Hasta los marxistas lo hacen. Sin embargo, la sociedad de consumo y la cultura posmoderna van creando un progresivo hiato entre la moderna oferta tecnoburocrática iluminista de satisfactores, y la más reciente demanda, socialmente mucho más exigente y variada. Deberían disfrutar, por ende, de utilidad marginal político-electoral decreciente. Pero en la medida en que son apreciadas, no por su sustancia material, sino por el ‘reconocimiento’ simbólico que implican, y porque las poblaciones-objetivo han internalizado como legítimas las ofertas iluministas, paterno-maternales, las políticas públicas todav

Relaciones entre saberes políticos, participación política y educación política: Aportes de la investigación psicológica Relations between political knowledge, political participation and Political education: Contributions from psychological research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia M. Lenzi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se examina la vinculación entre saberes políticos, participación política y educación política desde la ciencia política y la investigación psicológica de los conceptos de democracia y gobierno. El análisis indica que la democracia representativa otorga escaso espacio a la participación política ciudadana, y los aportes de investigaciones en psicología social, del desarrollo y educacional evidencian que los saberes políticos indispensables para una participación autónoma, resultan críticos. Aunque las representaciones sociales de democracia juveniles muestran la aceptación de valores democráticos, jóvenes y adultos revelan saberes políticos indiferenciados sobre democracia y gobierno, incluso entre docentes que enseñan esas nociones. Ante tal panorama y limitaciones de la democracia representativa, la educación política constituye una alternativa para formar ciudadanos conscientes, autónomos, activos participantes capaces de transformar la sociedad.The relationship among political knowledge, political participation and political education is examined from both political science and psychological research on the concepts of democracy and government. The analysis indicates that representative democracy gives little place to citizens for political participation. Also, contributions from research by social, developmental and, educational psychology, show that the essential knowledge to autonomous political participation turn to be critical. Although youth`s social representations of democracy show the acceptance of democratic values, youngs and adults reveal undifferentiated knowledge about democracy and government, even among teachers who teach these concepts. From such scenario and limitations of representative democracy, political education is an alternative to prepare aware, autonomous citizens; active participants able to change society.

La política supranacional : un nuevo campo de conocimiento para abordar las políticas educativas en un mundo globalizado

OpenAIRE

Valle, Javier M.

2012-01-01

El presente artículo trata de explicar la aparición de la Política Educativa Supranacional como área del saber pedagógico, en íntima conexión con la Política Educativa, la Educación Comparada y la Educación Internacional, tratando de acotar s

Sangres políticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Gatti

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Trabajamos en las tensiones entre dos continentes en permanente disputa: “sangre” y “política”, “realidad” y “dispositivo”, “naturaleza” y “cultura”. Son viejos asuntos, y viejas tensiones, pero que no dejan de actualizarse y que ahora se manifiestan por doquier en cuestiones como la biometría, los mapas genéticos, la identificación de desaparecidos, las políticas de la identidad indígena o de género o de menores o de drogas, la gestación subrogada o la gestión de la marginalidad. Los diez textos recogidos en este número especial discuten desde una mirada interdisciplinaria sobre la presencia de la sangre —en sus distintas declinaciones— en la definición contemporánea de lo que entendemos por identidad, derechos humanos o ciudadanía.

La figura del gorila en el imaginario político de la izquierda brasileña

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Patto Sá Motta

2014-09-01

Full Text Available El texto analiza los orígenes y usos de la figura caricaturezca del gorila en el contexto de la crisis política que llevó al golpe de Estado de 1964 en Brasil, marcada por la radicalización y la movilización intensa de las fuerzas en disputa en el escenario público. El contexto fue propicio para el enriquecimiento del discurso político tanto verbal como visual e la imagen del gorila fue construida en medio de las batallas discursivas del período. El propósito del artículo es mostrar el papel desempeñado por esa figura en el imaginario construido por las izquierdas en acción en los inicios de los años sesenta, que seria movilizada para atacar a los enemigos de derecha, principalmente los militares, dando origen a una representación caricaturezca que continuaría en uso durante la dictadura militar.

Vasopressin Gene-Related Products in the Management of Breast Cancer

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

North, William

1999-01-01

...), and this information coupled with an absence of vasopressin gene-related products from fibrocystic disease potentially provides us with a new screening test for distinguishing both breast cancer...

Transferencias condicionales y políticas de acción afirmativa en latinoamérica: la diferencia que políticas de inclusión pueden hacer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernd Reiter

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo argumenta que las políticas de inclusión social son económicamente eficientes porque el costo de la exclusión, en términos de crecimiento económico y cohesión social, es demasiado alto. Para soportar este argumento, analizamos algunas políticas de inclusión en Brasil y Colombia. Son casos cruciales porque denotan la dimensión racial de la exclusión, y la correspondiente contribución económica de las políticas de inclusión al crecimiento económico y desarrollo. Las políticas educativas son centrales en los procesos de inclusión porque retornan el mayor beneficio individual y colectivo en el mediano y largo plazo. Para demostrar esto, se analizan las Transferencias de Dinero Condicionales (PTC, una política brasilera altamente diseminada en el exterior y considerada un ejemplo de política social. También se analizan los efectos positivos de las Políticas de Acción Afirmativa (AA en términos de reducción de la desigualdad. Estas experiencias son guías efectivas para el diseño e innovación de la política social. El acceso a la educación es la condición sine-qua-non para la inserción formal en el mercado laboral, garantizando la generación de ingresos de los más necesitados. En este escenario, los imperativos de asignación eficiente de recursos y reducción de la desigualdad llaman a explorar objetivos de política multidimensionales.

Política nacional de assistência social: uma avaliação política

OpenAIRE

Araujo, Victor Martins Lopes de

2013-01-01

Este trabalho tem com objetivo principal realizar uma avaliação política da Política Nacional de Assistência Social através de uma leitura crítica de seus textos legais. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma fundamentação teórica pautada na discussão das diferentes concepções de Estado encontradas na teoria social clássica bem como na teoria social crítica, sendo feito também uma discussão a respeito da administração como forma de dominação, nos apropriamos do debate acerca da burocracia presente em...

Guidelines for the naming of genes, gene products, and mutants in the opportunistic protists.

Science.gov (United States)

Limper, Andrew H; Weiss, Louis M

2011-01-01

The opportunistic protists encompass a wide diversity of organisms including Pneumocystis, Toxoplasma, cryptosporidia, microsporidia, and related genera. Recent advances in the molecular biology and cellular biochemistry of these organisms have led to the identification of an ever growing numbers of key genes and their cognate proteins. Until now, these molecules have not been designated using any consistent nomenclature system, leading to considerable confusion. The participants of the 11th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists met on August 3, 2010 to reach consensus of a nomenclature system for genes, gene products, and mutants in the opportunistic protists. The following summary reports the consensus agreement to move toward a unified nomenclature system for these organisms. The system is adapted from that used for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. © 2011 The Author(s). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2011 International Society of Protistologists.

DNA repair synthesis dependent on the uvrA,B gene products

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moses, R.E.; Moody, E.E.M.

1975-01-01

Ultraviolet irradiation of toluene-treated Escherichia coli causes an inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis. This is followed by the appearance of nonconservative DNA repair synthesis which does not require either the polymerase or 5' → 3' exonucleolytic activities of DNA polymerase I. The repair synthesis may be catalyzed by DNA polymerase III activity but does not require a functional DNA polymerase II. The ultraviolet-induced synthesis requires ATP and is dependent on a functional uvrA and uvrB gene product. However, other uvr gene products are not required for the synthesis. The recB function is also not required

La memoria social y la memoria política

OpenAIRE

Lifschitz, Javier Alejandro

2012-01-01

El artículo trata sobre la constitución del campo de la memoria política. Discute inicialmente la perspectiva de la memoria social y aborda, a partir de autores como Bourdieu y Habermas, la idea de un campo de la memoria política. Identifica dos momentos de inflexión en la constitución de ese campo. Un primer momento, en que la memoria política se inscribe en los procesos estatales de construcción de una memoria nacional y un segundo momento, que tiene como referencia principalmente el contex...

Arma del contrapoder: Humor político y medios

OpenAIRE

César Ulloa Tapia

2008-01-01

El humor político en los medios de comunicación tiene enorme acogida en las audiencias ya que logra lo que pueden editoriales, análisis académicos y demás espacios de opinión. Es la mejor manera de denunciar, advertir, sancionar e incluso develar lo que hace o deja de hacer el poder político. El humor político está considerado como contrapoder. El periodismo que usa el humor es eficaz, tanto en el mensaje como en su efecto, pues describe las situaciones y recurre a comparaciones y símiles....

Ajuste macro, política monetaria y empleo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Iván González

2000-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo muestra que la política monetaria restrictiva ha sido uno de los factores que más ha incidido en el crecimiento del desempleo en Colombia durante la segunda mitad de los años noventa. La tasa de sacrificio de la política monetaria no ha sido cero, porque el costo de reducir la inflación ha sido muy elevado. La responsabilidad que tiene el manejo de la política monetaria en la crisis del sector real se hace más visible si se tiene en cuenta que no hay evidencia de que la menor demanda de trabajo esté asociada a los costos laborales y a las inflexibilidades del mercado laboral.

Morgenthau: ¿el Maquiavelo de la política internacional?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Carvajal H.

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Maquiavelo y Morgenthau respondieron con creces a la pregunta central: ¿en qué se diferencia la política internacional de las relaciones internacionales? Este interrogante fue considerado en las obras principales de los dos autores (El príncipe y Política entre las naciones, quienes establecen que los conceptos se diferencian en que el poder es el elemento esencial tanto en la política doméstica como en la “política internacional”; mientras que por “relaciones internacionales” se entiende todo el cúmulo de asuntos que tiene lugar en el escenario mundial, varios de los cuales no presentan ningún componente de “poder político” y, además, tales acciones se adelantan no sólo por parte del Estado sino también por una multiplicidad de actores que incluye individuos, iglesias, ONG, partidos, empresas. Es, pues, una interesante comparación entre el pensamiento de Nicolás Maquiavelo y el de Hans Morgenthau.

Comunicación Política: narración de historias, construcción de relatos políticos y persuasión.

OpenAIRE

D´Adamo, Orlando; García Beaudoux, Virginia

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se definen los elementos que caracterizan a la narración de historias como una técnica y al relato político como una estrategia, ambas al servicio de la comunicación política. Se discuten las funciones que cumplen ambas modalidades de comunicación, así como también las razones que las vuelven efectivas a los fines de la persuasión política. In this paper are defined the main features of the storytelling technique and of political narrative as a strategy in political communi...

Transcriptome and Gene Ontology (GO) Enrichment Analysis Reveals Genes Involved in Biotin Metabolism That Affect L-Lysine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Hong-Il; Kim, Jong-Hyeon; Park, Young-Jin

2016-03-09

Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used for amino acid production. In the present study, 543 genes showed a significant change in their mRNA expression levels in L-lysine-producing C. glutamicum ATCC21300 than that in the wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC13032. Among these 543 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 28 genes were up- or downregulated. In addition, 454 DEGs were functionally enriched and categorized based on BLAST sequence homologies and gene ontology (GO) annotations using the Blast2GO software. Interestingly, NCgl0071 (bioB, encoding biotin synthase) was expressed at levels ~20-fold higher in the L-lysine-producing ATCC21300 strain than that in the wild-type ATCC13032 strain. Five other genes involved in biotin metabolism or transport--NCgl2515 (bioA, encoding adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase), NCgl2516 (bioD, encoding dithiobiotin synthetase), NCgl1883, NCgl1884, and NCgl1885--were also expressed at significantly higher levels in the L-lysine-producing ATCC21300 strain than that in the wild-type ATCC13032 strain, which we determined using both next-generation RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. When we disrupted the bioB gene in C. glutamicum ATCC21300, L-lysine production decreased by approximately 76%, and the three genes involved in biotin transport (NCgl1883, NCgl1884, and NCgl1885) were significantly downregulated. These results will be helpful to improve our understanding of C. glutamicum for industrial amino acid production.

Multi-Pixel Simultaneous Classification of PolSAR Image Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Xin; Gui, Rong; Pu, Fangling

2018-01-01

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved great success in the optical image processing field. Because of the excellent performance of CNN, more and more methods based on CNN are applied to polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification. Most CNN-based PolSAR image classification methods can only classify one pixel each time. Because all the pixels of a PolSAR image are classified independently, the inherent interrelation of different land covers is ignored. We use a fixed-feature-size CNN (FFS-CNN) to classify all pixels in a patch simultaneously. The proposed method has several advantages. First, FFS-CNN can classify all the pixels in a small patch simultaneously. When classifying a whole PolSAR image, it is faster than common CNNs. Second, FFS-CNN is trained to learn the interrelation of different land covers in a patch, so it can use the interrelation of land covers to improve the classification results. The experiments of FFS-CNN are evaluated on a Chinese Gaofen-3 PolSAR image and other two real PolSAR images. Experiment results show that FFS-CNN is comparable with the state-of-the-art PolSAR image classification methods. PMID:29510499

The Aspergillus flavus Homeobox Gene, hbx1, Is Required for Development and Aflatoxin Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeffrey W. Cary

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Homeobox proteins, a class of well conserved transcription factors, regulate the expression of targeted genes, especially those involved in development. In filamentous fungi, homeobox genes are required for normal conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. In the present study, we identified eight homeobox (hbx genes in the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus, and determined their respective role in growth, conidiation and sclerotial production. Disruption of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development. However, disruption of the homeobox gene AFLA_069100, designated as hbx1, in two morphologically different A. flavus strains, CA14 and AF70, resulted in complete loss of production of conidia and sclerotia as well as aflatoxins B1 and B2, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Microscopic examination showed that the Δhbx1 mutants did not produce conidiophores. The inability of Δhbx1 mutants to produce conidia was related to downregulation of brlA (bristle and abaA (abacus, regulatory genes for conidiophore development. These mutants also had significant downregulation of the aflatoxin pathway biosynthetic genes aflC, aflD, aflM and the cluster-specific regulatory gene, aflR. Our results demonstrate that hbx1 not only plays a significant role in controlling A. flavus development but is also critical for the production of secondary metabolites, such as aflatoxins.

New insights about antibiotic production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a gene expression analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Gionco, Bárbara; Tavares, Eliandro R.; de Oliveira, Admilton G.; Yamada-Ogatta, Sueli F.; do Carmo, Anderson O.; Pereira, Ulisses de Pádua; Chideroli, Roberta T.; Simionato, Ane S.; Navarro, Miguel O. P.; Chryssafidis, Andreas L.; Andrade, Galdino

2017-09-01

The bacterial resistance for antibiotics is one of the most important problems in public health and only a small number of new products are in development. Antagonistic microorganisms from soil are a promising source of new candidate molecules. Products of secondary metabolism confer adaptive advantages for their producer, in the competition for nutrients in the microbial community. The biosynthesis process of compounds with antibiotic activity is the key to optimize their production and the transcriptomic study of microorganisms is of great benefit for the discovery of these metabolic pathways. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain growing in the presence of copper chloride produces a bioactive organometallic compound, which has a potent antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. The objective of this study was to verify overexpressed genes and evaluate their relation to the organometallic biosynthesis in this microorganism. P. aeruginosa LV strain was cultured in presence and absence of copper chloride. Two methods were used for transcriptomic analysis, genome reference-guided assembly and de novo assembly. The genome referenced analysis identified nine upregulated genes when bacteria were exposed to copper chloride, while the De Novo Assembly identified twelve upregulated genes. Nineteen genes can be related to an increased microbial metabolism for the extrusion process of exceeding intracellular copper. Two important genes are related to the biosynthesis of phenazine and tetrapyrroles compounds, which can be involved in the bioremediation of intracellular copper and biosynthesis of the organometallic compound. Additional studies are being carried out to further prove the function of the described genes and relate them to the biosynthetic pathway of the organometallic compound.

Water absorbent polymer in sugarcane crop Polímeros hidroabsorventes em cultura canavieira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tadeu A. Marques

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The water absorbent polymer effect on vegetative growth and production of Theoretical Recovery Sugar (TRS of sugarcane cv. RB 86 7515 was evaluated on two field tests installed in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five repetitions. The polymer doses were 0; 4; 8 and 12 g m-1 of furrow (test 1 and 0; 1.4; 2.8 and 4.2 g m-1 of furrow (test 2. Test 1 (dec/2007 to may/2009 was implanted in a Distroferric Red Argisol soil in Presidente Prudente - State of São Paulo (SP, Brazil; and the test 2 (Aug/2008 to Aug/2009 was implanted in a Red Yellow Argisol soil in Lucélia - State of São Paulo (SP, Brazil. In test 2, there were no significant differences for any evaluated parameters. In both tests the polymer doses equal to or less than 4 g m-1 of furrow showed no significant effect on the evaluated parameters. In test 1, the polymer doses of 8 and 12 g m-1 of the conditioning polymer increased the number of tillers in stage II of development and led to the largest amount of straw. The gross income per hectare has positive relation with the polymer doses. The polymer had no significant effect on the sugarcane stems productivity and technological parameters.Avaliou-se o efeito de um polímero hidroabsorvente no crescimento vegetativo e na produção de açúcares teoricamente recuperáveis (ATR de cana-de-açúcar cv. RB 86 7515, em dois ensaios de campo instalados em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. As doses do polímero foram 0; 4; 8 e 12 g m-1 sulco (ensaio 1 e 0; 1,4; 2,8 e 4,2 g m-1 sulco (ensaio 2. O ensaio 1 (dez/2007 a maio/2009 foi implantado em Argissolo Vermelho Distroférrico, em Presidente Prudente - SP, e o ensaio 2 (ago./2008 a ago./2009 em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em Lucélia - SP. No ensaio 2, não houve diferenças significativas para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Em ambos os ensaios, doses do polímero iguais ou inferiores a 4 g m-1 de sulco não apresentaram efeito

Las políticas institucional y científico-tecnológica del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de Camagüey The institutional and scientific-technological policies of Camagüey’s Center of Immunology and Biological Products

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yadira Falcón Almeida

2010-04-01

Full Text Available La tercera etapa de la política cubana de ciencia y tecnología marcó la creación del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos en 1994. El carácter empresarial de la actividad científica y la tendencia en la política de la ciencia hacia la innovación delinearon la política institucional del Centro, con cambios en las estructuras física, organizativa y funcional. El reconocimiento del factor territorial en la política de ciencia e innovación tecnológica y la necesaria introducción de los resultados fueron condicionantes políticas trascendentales para que la política científica institucional se centrará en solucionar los problemas del diagnóstico médico. Las medidas adoptadas crearon nuevas estructuras y modos de operación. El Centro cumple con su encargo social a través de proyectos de obtención de productos biológicos. La evaluación de los indicadores de desempeño de la actividad científica convirtió al Centro en objeto de la investigación y la innovación.The third stage of the Cuban policy for science and technology marked the creation of the Center of Immunology and Biological Products in 1994. Both the scientific activity’s managerial character and the scientific policy’s trend towards innovation defined the Center’s institutional policy, changing the physical, organizational, and functional structures. Both the acknowledgement of the territorial aspect of the policy for science and technological innovation and the necessary introduction of results became greatly political conditions to focus the institutional scientific policy on solving medical diagnosis problems. Measures were put into effect, creating new structures and ways of action. The Center’s social responsibility is achieved through projects for obtaining biological products. The evaluation of the scientific activity made the Center an object of research and innovation.

A second pectin lyase gene (pel2) from Aspergillus oryzae KBN616: its sequence analysis and overexpression, and characterization of the gene products.

Science.gov (United States)

Kitamoto, N; Yoshino-Yasuda, S; Ohmiya, K; Tsukagoshi, N

2001-01-01

A second pectin lyase gene, designated pel2, was isolated from a shoyu koji mold Aspergillus oryzae KBN616 and characterized. The structural gene comprised 1306 bp with three introns. The ORF encoded 375 amino acids with a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of A. oryzae Pel1, Aspergillus niger pectin lyases and Glomerella cingulata Pn1A. The pel2 gene was overexpressed under the control of the promoter of the A. oryzae TEF1 gene for purification and enzymatic characterization of its gene product. The gene product exhibited two molecular masses of 48 and 44 kDa due to different degrees of glycosylation. Both proteins had the same pH optimum of 6.0 and temperature optimum of 50 degrees C.

Uma ditadura contra a república: política econômica e poder político em Roberto Campos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo V. Silva

2006-11-01

Full Text Available O artigo examina o pensamento político de Roberto Campos entre meados das décadas de 1950 e 1970. Neste período, além de importantes funções governamentais, Campos dedicou-se intensamente à luta de idéias, publicando grande quantidade de artigos e ensaios. Será desenvolvida a hipótese de que o seu pensamento político aponta para a institucionalização de um sistema político de tipo autoritário como o mais adequado às condições culturais e políticas da sociedade brasileira. A principal característica deste tipo de sistema consiste na hipertrofia do poder Executivo estatal, sob comando de militares e tecnocratas, relativamente aos demais poderes da República. A função primordial do poder Executivo hipertrofiado são a elaboração e a implementação de reformas institucionais e de políticas econômicas "racionais", contra as resistências pretensamente particularistas e irracionais dos diferentes setores da sociedade brasileira. Essa hipótese colide frontalmente com a sugestão de Campos de que o regime instituído após o movimento de 1964 seria uma espécie de atualização, nas condições da sociedade brasileira de então, do instituto da "ditadura comissária" da antiga República romana, pelo qual se permitia a eleição de um ditador por um curto período de tempo para debelar eventuais ameaças às instituições republicanas.

Hans Kelsen: pensador político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Lagi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Hasta la publicación de Sobre la esencia y el valor de la democracia, Hans Kelsen era solo conocido como experto en derecho público. El valor de este artículo de Lagi radica en rescatar de la obra kelseniana un aspecto casi por completo olvidado por la crítica, a saber, sus análisis sobre el significado y las características de la democracia parlamentaria en los Estados modernos. Se aborda la cuestión no solo desde el debate teórico sino también desde su contexto histórico¿político. La teoría política de Kelsen es considerada una parte integral de su doctrina central, presentada en Teoría pura del derecho, su obra más conspicua. Un análisis del trabajo sobre la esencia y el valor de la democracia nos restituye la imagen de un Kelsen como original pensador político. Se analizan las dos ediciones de Sobre la esencia y el valor de la democracia (1920¿1929 con estos propósitos: comprender por qué decidió dedicarse a la teoría de la democracia un teórico que rigurosamente defendió la separación de la esfera jurídica respecto de la historia, la filosofía y la política; y por qué no se limitó a explicar la esencia de la democracia sino que decidió concentrarse en clarificar qué se entiende por valor de la democracia.

Major genes and QTL influencing wool production and quality: a review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Purvis Ian

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract The opportunity exists to utilise our knowledge of major genes that influence the economically important traits in wool sheep. Genes with Mendelian inheritance have been identified for many important traits in wool sheep. Of particular importance are genes influencing pigmentation, wool quality and the keratin proteins, the latter of which are important for the morphology of the wool fibre. Gene mapping studies have identified some chromosomal regions associated with variation in wool quality and production traits. The challenge now is to build on this knowledge base in a cost-effective way to deliver molecular tools that facilitate enhanced genetic improvement programs for wool sheep.

DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) promotes invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Zou, Shitao; Shang, Zeng-Fu; Liu, Biao; Zhang, Shuyu; Wu, Jinchang; Huang, Min; Ding, Wei-Qun; Zhou, Jundong

2016-05-31

DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) is an error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) that contributes to the accumulation of DNA mutations. We recently showed that Pol ι is overexpressed in human esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues which promotes ESCC' progression. The present study was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms by which Pol ι enhances the invasiveness and metastasis of ESCC cells. We found that the expression of Pol ι is significantly higher in ESCCs with lymph node metastasis compared to those without lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an inverse correlation between Pol ι expression and patient prognosis. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), two essential regulators of cells' invasiveness, were positively associated with Pol ι expression in ESCC tissues. Ectopic expression of Pol ι enhanced the motility and invasiveness of ESCC cells as evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. A xenograft nude mouse model showed that Pol ι promotes the colonization of ESCC cells in the liver, lung and kidney. Signaling pathway analysis identified the JNK-AP-1 cascade as a mediator of the Pol ι-induced increase in the expression of MMP-2/9 and enhancement of ESCC progression. These data demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which Pol ι promotes ESCC progression, suggesting that Pol ι is a potential novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.

La regulación del dinero político

OpenAIRE

Enrique García Viñuela

2007-01-01

El dinero que se dirige a la financiación de los partidos y las campañas electorales se regula en las democracias para prevenir la corrupción quid pro quo y para que las desigualdades económicas no se trasladen a la política. Este artículo aborda la lógica de la regulación de esa clase de dinero y propone medidas que reducen los costes de información y agencia que comporta la representación política. El artículo tiene tres propósitos. El primero es exponer los problemas de la financiación pol...

Naturaleza humana y política en Denis Diderot

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Scotto Benito

2015-02-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se propone relacionar la concepción que Diderot tiene del ser humano con sus ideas políticas. A pesar de que no se pueda hallar en la obra del “filósofo” un tratado sistemático en el que el estudio de la naturaleza humana sirva como fundamentación de un determinado sistema político, la epistemología empirista y el monismo materialista diderotianos, con la consecuente revalorización de las pasiones corporales, conducen a una moral y una política universalistas, acordes con la naturaleza humana y centradas en la felicidad de los individuos.

Benedetto Croce, entre Ética y Política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesc Morató i Pastor

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Recuperar la vertiente política del Idealismo Italiano, más allá de la imagen localista que lo ha rodeado, del cual es muestra una figura tan europea como Croce, singular teórico y político, presente en grandes debates desde la crisis finisecular del mar-xismo y la alternativa sindicalista hasta el fin de la segunda guerra, crítico siempre con un pensar tendente al olvido del carácter histórico de todo lo real, no menos que de la inevitable tensión entre lo bueno y lo útil, la economía y la política.

Benedetto Croce, entre ética y política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesc Morató i Pastor

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Recuperar la vertiente política del Idealismo Italiano, más allá de la imagen localista que lo ha rodeado, del cual es muestra una figura tan europea como Croce, singular teórico y político, presente en grandes debates desde la crisis finisecular del marxismo y la alternativa sindicalista hasta el fin de la segunda guerra, crítico siempre con un pensar tendente al olvido del carácter histórico de todo lo real, no menos que de la inevitable tensión entre lo bueno y lo útil, la economía y la política.

O conceito de liberdade política em Montesquieu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva

1969-06-01

Full Text Available O primeiro passo na análise do conceito de liberdade política, tal como êle se nos apresenta em De l'esprit des lois, deverá assina-lar uma diferença, fundamental para Montesquieu, entre "liberdade filosófica" e "liberdade política".

La Política de Cohesión Europea en dos regiones españolas: configurando las redes de políticas y el capital social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacint Jordana

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza la fase de programación de la política europea de cohesión centrándose en el nivel autonómico de gobierno. Sostiene que los Fondos Estructurales han afectado de manera esencial la configuración de las políticas de desarrollo regional. En particular, la europeización de la política regional en España ha implicado un papel creciente de los gobiernos autonómicos, que han ido adoptando un conjunto de prácticas y procedimientos homogéneos en los procesos de programación e implementación de la política de cohesión. No obstante, la evidencia empírica recogida en las comunidades autónomas de Galicia y de Murcia, en relación con la programación del período financiero 2007-2013 (PORs, prueba la existencia de diferentes configuraciones de la red de política regional que lleva a cabo las tareas de programación. Al mismo tiempo, también las características de capital social de los actores implicados en cada red de política regional presentan diferencias significativas. Estos resultados sugieren que, a pesar de que los procedimientos formales de programación son prácticamente idénticos, los procesos políticos son bastante distintos en cada comunidad autónoma, lo que plantea nuevos interrogantes sobre las causas de dichas variaciones.

Cultura Política republicana e o Código Penal de 1890 * Cultura Política republicana y el Código Penal de 1890

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PAULO HENRIQUE MIOTTO DONADELI

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo buscar estabelecer o conceito de Cultura Política, para compreender a dinâmica da Cultura Política Republicana que se instaurou no Brasil no final do século XIX, como meio de analisar as novas tendências penais da Primeira República (1889-1930, que se codificam no Código Penal de 1890. Ao analisar as condições e contradições desse diploma penal, o artigo convida a fazer uma reflexão sobre a sociedade da época, mostrando que a lei penal é o resultado dos interesses e conflitos que permeia a implantação e consolidação de uma cultural política republicana. A tese central do artigo é mostrar que a elite republicana aproveitou das concepções penais para implantar e justificar mecanismos de repressão e de controle do crime, como uma das formas de dominação e manutenção de poder.Palavras-chave: Cultura Política; República Velha; Direito Penal.Resumen: En este trabajo se busca establecer el concepto de cultura política, para entender la dinámica de la cultura política republicana en Brasil que surgieron a finales del siglo XIX, como una forma de analizar las nuevas tendencias criminales de la Primera República (1889-1930, que están codificadas en el Código Penal de 1890. Al analizar las condiciones y contradicciones de esta ley penal, el artículo llama a una reflexión sobre la sociedad de la época, lo que demuestra que el derecho penal es el resultado de intereses y conflictos que se respira en la implementación y consolidación de una cultura política republicana. La tesis central del artículo es mostrar que la élite republicana aprovechó concepciones penales para implementar y justificar los mecanismos de represión y control de la delincuencia, como una forma de dominación y mantenimiento del poder.Palabras clave: Cultura Política; República Vieja; Derecho Penal.

Adición de polímeros superabsorbentes en el medio de crecimiento para la producción de plantines de pimiento Hydrophilic polymers added to growing media in pepper transplants production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Adrián Tittonell

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Los polímeros sintéticos son aditivos que poseen alta capacidad de retención hídrica y mejoran la eficiencia en el uso del agua por parte de las plántulas. La velocidad con que emergen las plántulas, su uniformidad y su tasa de crecimiento inicial son determinantes para la obtención de plantines de calidad. Existen tres grupos principales de polímeros: co-polímeros de almidón, polivinil alcoholes y poliacrilamidas. Con el objetivo de evaluar la aptitud de los polímeros en la producción de plantines de pimiento, un co-polímero de propenamida-propeonato se adicionó a sustratos preparados con y sin materiales compostados y a un sustrato comercial. Se caracterizó el comportamiento del mismo a través de la tasa de crecimiento y características cualitativas de los plantines. La adición del polímero al sustrato permitió mejorar la precocidad, uniformidad y tamaño de plantines de pimiento, especialmente en las mezclas carentes de compost. En dichos tratamientos, la tasa de crecimiento aumentó en mayor medida como consecuencia de un mejor desarrollo foliar, ya que la tasa de asimilación no fue significativamente afectada en todos los casos. La relación vástago/raíz no fue favorablemente afectada por adición del polímero y dependió más del tipo de sustrato empleado. Mediante la adición del polímero empleado los parámetros de calidad del plantín mejoran, ya sea por una mayor retención hídrica, por una mayor capacidad de intercambio iónico, o por ambas razones.Water-storing synthetic polymers (soil additives designed to improve plant establishment and growth in arid environments has been shown to improve the growth of horticultural plants. Previous research has shown that synthetic polymers are useful when added to low nutrient-holding and water-retaining growing media. There are three groups of polymers used in these applications, some of them added with nutrients and growth starters. A propenamide-propeonate co

DNA-binding determinants promoting NHEJ by human Polμ.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Maria Jose; Juarez, Raquel; Blanco, Luis

2012-12-01

Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), the preferred pathway to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) in higher eukaryotes, relies on a collection of molecular tools to process the broken ends, including specific DNA polymerases. Among them, Polµ is unique as it can catalyze DNA synthesis upon connection of two non-complementary ends. Here, we demonstrate that this capacity is intrinsic to Polµ, not conferred by other NHEJ factors. To understand the molecular determinants of its specific function in NHEJ, the interaction of human Polµ with DNA has been directly visualized by electromobility shift assay and footprinting assays. Stable interaction with a DNA gap requires the presence of a recessive 5'-P, thus orienting the catalytic domain for primer and nucleotide binding. Accordingly, recognition of the 5'-P is crucial to align the two DNA substrates of the NHEJ reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates the relevance of three specific residues (Lys(249), Arg(253) and Arg(416)) in stabilizing the primer strand during end synapsis, allowing a range of microhomology-induced distortions beneficial for NHEJ. Moreover, our results suggest that the Polµ BRCT domain, thought to be exclusively involved in interaction with NHEJ core factors, has a direct role in binding the DNA region neighbor to the 5'-P, thus boosting Polµ-mediated NHEJ reactions.

Políticas sobre Sexualidad: Reportes desde las Líneas del Frente

OpenAIRE

Petchesky, Rosalind; Vianna, Adriana R. B.; Carrara, Sergio

2008-01-01

Políticas sobre sexualidad: reportes desde las líneas del frente, es un estudio comparativo de las políticas de sexualidad, la salud sexual y los derechos sexuales en ochos países y en dos instituciones mundiales. El trabajo contenido en Políticas sobre sexualidad ha sido desarrollado bajo el auspicio del Sexual Policy Watch [Observatorio de Políticas Sexuales] (SPW), un foro mundial compuesto por investigadores y activistas de una amplia gama de países y regiones del mundo. Inspirado en inic...

Seguridad humana y recursos naturales - política de seguridad en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Echeverría Rodríguez, Aura María

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo de grado atiende el nuevo concepto de política (biopolítica) que ha sido definido, por algunos autores como la política alrededor de la vida (bios), y el nuevo concepto de seguridad (seguridad humana) que cobija dentro de sus dimensiones, la seguridad medio ambiental. Esos nuevos conceptos justifican el interés de hacer un análisis de la política de seguridad en Colombia, especialmente, de la política de seguridad frente a los recursos naturales que son el fundamento de la...

Política farmacéutica saludable Healthy pharmaceutical policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo González Pier

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Hoy en día, la industria farmacéutica se encuentra en una transición profunda. La globalización y el avance tecnológico representan las principales presiones de cambio para un mercado mundial de medicamentos donde a este tipo de industria le resulta cada vez más difícil recuperar de forma eficiente los costos crecientes de la innovación. México debe analizar las implicaciones en el ámbito político de estos factores de cambio y promover, en el mercado de medicamentos, una política que incremente al máximo las ganancias de salud de los recursos invertidos. La política de medicamentos ofrece un raro ejemplo de complementariedad entre una buena política de salud y una política económica eficiente, es decir, una "política farmacéutica saludable".Today, the pharmaceutical industry is experiencing a profound transition. Globalization and technological advancement represent the principal pressures for change in the market, where it is increasingly more difficult for this type of industry to efficiently recoup the growing cost of innovation. Mexico needs to analyze the policy implications of these change factors and promote, in the pharmaceutical market, policies that maximize health gains on invested resources. Pharmaceutical policy offers a rare example for a complementary approach between a sound health policy and an efficient economic policy; that is, a "healthy pharmaceutical policy."

Cabo Verde: Democracia, Cultura Política e Esfera Pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nataniel Andrade Monteiro

2016-07-01

Full Text Available O artigo procura contribuir para se compreender e descrever aquilo que, no meu entender, constitui a nova abordagem da discussão acerca da cultura política e da esfera pública em Cabo Verde. A pobreza, o desemprego, a justiça social e a segurança, entre outros assuntos, têm sido alvos de atenção por parte da sociedade civil cabo-verdiana, sobretudo a partir da década de noventa, com o advento da democracia. O que me incita a pensar sobre novas tendências no que se refere à cultura política dos cabo-verdianos, particularmente na afirmação e configuração de uma esfera pública que prima pela prática do debate e respeito pela opinião pública, capaz de influenciar as acções do sistema político. O ano de 2015 tem sido marcado por debates de repercussão nacional e internacional, como é o caso mediático do Estatuto de Titulares de Cargos Políticos (ETCP. Este acontecimento, ao que tudo indica, possibilita uma nova configuração da esfera pública cabo-verdiana, corroborada numa cultura política participativa, de modo que sirva, não apenas para os períodos eleitorais, mas igualmente como instrumento para a consolidação do sistema político.

Regulatory Oversight of Cell and Gene Therapy Products in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Ridgway, Anthony; Agbanyo, Francisca; Wang, Jian; Rosu-Myles, Michael

2015-01-01

Health Canada regulates gene therapy products and many cell therapy products as biological drugs under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act and its attendant regulations. Cellular products that meet certain criteria, including minimal manipulation and homologous use, may be subjected to a standards-based approach under the Safety of Human Cells, Tissues and Organs for Transplantation Regulations. The manufacture and clinical testing of cell and gene therapy products (CGTPs) presents many challenges beyond those for protein biologics. Cells cannot be subjected to pathogen removal or inactivation procedures and must frequently be administered shortly after final formulation. Viral vector design and manufacturing control are critically important to overall product quality and linked to safety and efficacy in patients through concerns such as replication competence, vector integration, and vector shedding. In addition, for many CGTPs, the value of nonclinical studies is largely limited to providing proof of concept, and the first meaningful data relating to appropriate dosing, safety parameters, and validity of surrogate or true determinants of efficacy must come from carefully designed clinical trials in patients. Addressing these numerous challenges requires application of various risk mitigation strategies and meeting regulatory expectations specifically adapted to the product types. Regulatory cooperation and harmonisation at an international level are essential for progress in the development and commercialisation of these products. However, particularly in the area of cell therapy, new regulatory paradigms may be needed to harness the benefits of clinical progress in situations where the resources and motivation to pursue a typical drug product approval pathway may be lacking.

New Insights about Antibiotic Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Gene Expression Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bárbara Gionco

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The bacterial resistance for antibiotics is one of the most important problems in public health and only a small number of new products are in development. Antagonistic microorganisms from soil are a promising source of new candidate molecules. Products of secondary metabolism confer adaptive advantages for their producer, in the competition for nutrients in the microbial community. The biosynthesis process of compounds with antibiotic activity is the key to optimize their production and the transcriptomic study of microorganisms is of great benefit for the discovery of these metabolic pathways. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain growing in the presence of copper chloride produces a bioactive organometallic compound, which has a potent antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. The objective of this study was to verify overexpressed genes and evaluate their relation to the organometallic biosynthesis in this microorganism. P. aeruginosa LV strain was cultured in presence and absence of copper chloride. Two methods were used for transcriptomic analysis, genome reference-guided assembly and de novo assembly. The genome referenced analysis identified nine upregulated genes when bacteria were exposed to copper chloride, while the De Novo Assembly identified 12 upregulated genes. Nineteen genes can be related to an increased microbial metabolism for the extrusion process of exceeding intracellular copper. Two important genes are related to the biosynthesis of phenazine and tetrapyrroles compounds, which can be involved in the bioremediation of intracellular copper and we suggesting that may involve in the biosynthesis of the organometallic compound. Additional studies are being carried out to further prove the function of the described genes and relate them to the biosynthetic pathway of the organometallic compound.

Characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus gene products with antisera against bacterially synthesized fusion proteins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strebel, K.; Beck, E.; Strohmaier, K.; Schaller, H.

1986-01-01

Defined segments of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease virus genome corresponding to all parts of the coding region were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions to the N-terminal part of the MS2-polymerase gene under the control of the inducible λPL promoter. All constructs yielded large amounts of proteins, which were purified and used to raise sequence-specific antisera in rabbits. These antisera were used to identify the corresponding viral gene products in 35 S-labeled extracts from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected BHK cells. This allowed us to locate unequivocally all mature foot-and-mouth disease virus gene products in the nucleotide sequence, to identify precursor-product relationships, and to detect several foot-and mouth disease virus gene products not previously identified in vivo or in vitro

Cuba y la transición política: tan cerca y... tan lejos. Reflexiones 2009 sobre el futuro político en Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Manuel RODRÍGUEZ ARECHAVALETA

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Partiendo de una revisión teórica de autores fundamentales sobre democratizaciones en la tercera ola, el artículo intenta analizar los escenarios del poder actual en Cuba, tanto formales como informales, la singularidad institucional y los posibles reacomodos en la nueva élite política cubana. Asumimos la premisa de que la sociedad civil y la presión exterior no han logrado impactos relevantes en estos años; por tanto, nuestra unidad de observación será la composición de la élite política a partir de la estructura del régimen, las reglas electorales y el diseño institucional, y la definición de actores cuyas decisiones e interacciones puedan afectar los resultados políticos futuros; por tanto, intentamos formalizar las interacciones estratégicas de Raúl y la oposición moderada para valorar el potencial de negociación de una transición política en Cuba. Entonces, ¿es posible una alianza entre reformistas moderados en el gobierno y una oposición moderada en Cuba que permita una transición política?

Personalidad de marca de los partidos políticos: propuesta de modelo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Araya-Castillo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas democráticos actuales se caracterizan por una baja participación política, en especial dentro del grupo de los jóvenes. Esta situación no es ajena a Chile, por cuanto los jóvenes se han automarginado del sistema político. Esto se debe a la percepción que tienen los jóvenes sobre el sistema político. Los jóvenes señalan que los partidos políticos no los representan, que no tienen confianza en los actores políticos y que su participación en los procesos eleccionarios no permite generar cambios. En este contexto, es imprescindible estudiar la decisión de los jóvenes de automarginarse de la política desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas. Con este objetivo se hace uso de la teoría de personalidad de marca, por cuanto se ha demostrado que las personas asignan cualidades humanas o rasgos de personalidad a las marcas. Dado esto, con la teoría de personalidad de marca se puede estudiar los rasgos de personalidad que los jóvenes atribuyen a los partidos políticos, y con esto, las razones que los han alejado de los procesos eleccionarios. En este contexto, se propone un modelo de personalidad de marca para los partidos políticos. Este modelo se construye en función de la percepción de los jóvenes universitarios, quienes deberían tener una opinión más favorable sobre el sistema político. El modelo propuesto cumple con los requisitos de la validez de contenido, validez convergente y validez divergente.

Increasing Avermectin Production in Streptomyces avermitilis by Manipulating the Expression of a Novel TetR-Family Regulator and Its Target Gene Product.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Wenshuai; Zhang, Qinling; Guo, Jia; Chen, Zhi; Li, Jilun; Wen, Ying

2015-08-01

Avermectins produced by Streptomyces avermitilis are commercially important anthelmintic agents. The detailed regulatory mechanisms of avermectin biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, we identified SAV3619, a TetR-family transcriptional regulator designated AveT, to be an activator for both avermectin production and morphological differentiation in S. avermitilis. AveT was shown to indirectly stimulate avermectin production by affecting transcription of the cluster-situated activator gene aveR. AveT directly repressed transcription of its own gene (aveT), adjacent gene pepD2 (sav_3620), sav_7490 (designated aveM), and sav_7491 by binding to an 18-bp perfect palindromic sequence (CGAAACGKTKYCGTTTCG, where K is T or G and Y is T or C and where the underlining indicates inverted repeats) within their promoter regions. aveM (which encodes a putative transmembrane efflux protein belonging to the major facilitator superfamily [MFS]), the important target gene of AveT, had a striking negative effect on avermectin production and morphological differentiation. Overexpression of aveT and deletion of aveM in wild-type and industrial strains of S. avermitilis led to clear increases in the levels of avermectin production. In vitro gel-shift assays suggested that C-5-O-B1, the late pathway precursor of avermectin B1, acts as an AveT ligand. Taken together, our findings indicate positive-feedback regulation of aveT expression and avermectin production by a late pathway intermediate and provide the basis for an efficient strategy to increase avermectin production in S. avermitilis by manipulation of AveT and its target gene product, AveM. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Los spots factor, esencial del marketing político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de Jesús Origel Gutiérrez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available EI objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar que en las elecciones presidenciales de julio de 2000, la forma de hacer política en México se modificó al introducir en las campanas electorales el marketing político y nuevas estrategias de comunicación, en especial los spots televisivos

Las mujeres en la política paquistaní

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rukshana Qamber

2000-11-01

Full Text Available Pakistán se fundó en 1947 pero las mujeres ya eran activas durante el movimiento de independencia que empezó casi un siglo antes. Un estudio de la mujer en las políticas pakistaníes debe tener dos temas centrales: uno, a lo largo de la historia, esas mujeres jamás eran pasivas durante las crisis comunitarias. Aparte de sus acciones individuales, tenían sus organizaciones e instituciones para alcanzar sus metas. Dos, al nacer el estado, la mujer era más libre y los líderes nacionales estaban más a favor de los derechos de la mujer que últimamente. Para describir a la mujer pakistaní en las políticas estatales (empezando en el movimiento independista, tocaremos temas variados, como el de todas clases de mujeres, los logros de sus luchas, el impacto de la política islámica e el efecto de las políticas internacionales sobre la situación de la mujer en Pakistán.

Fast Superpixel Segmentation Algorithm for PolSAR Images

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang Yue

2017-10-01

Full Text Available As a pre-processing technique, superpixel segmentation algorithms should be of high computational efficiency, accurate boundary adherence and regular shape in homogeneous regions. A fast superpixel segmentation algorithm based on Iterative Edge Refinement (IER has shown to be applicable on optical images. However, it is difficult to obtain the ideal results when IER is applied directly to PolSAR images due to the speckle noise and small or slim regions in PolSAR images. To address these problems, in this study, the unstable pixel set is initialized as all the pixels in the PolSAR image instead of the initial grid edge pixels. In the local relabeling of the unstable pixels, the fast revised Wishart distance is utilized instead of the Euclidean distance in CIELAB color space. Then, a post-processing procedure based on dissimilarity measure is empolyed to remove isolated small superpixels as well as to retain the strong point targets. Finally, extensive experiments based on a simulated image and a real-world PolSAR image from Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR are conducted, showing that the proposed algorithm, compared with three state-of-the-art methods, performs better in terms of several commonly used evaluation criteria with high computational efficiency, accurate boundary adherence, and homogeneous regularity.

Asia Central en la política exterior rusa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las políticas rusas hacia Asia Central han estado condicionadas por la herencia histórica anterior a la disolución de la URSS, pero también por los cambios en el sistema internacional y en la propia Rusia acaecidos desde entonces. ¿En qué medida la actuación de Rusia ha sido coherente y estable, basada en una estrategia para Asia Central fundamentada en los intereses nacionales? En este artículo examinamos los fundamentos de la política exterior rusa en relación con Asia Central, dividiéndola en tres apartados: político, económico y de seguridad.

Identification and localization of a gene that specifies production of Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trucksis, M.; Depew, R.E.

1981-01-01

A gene that specifies production of Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I (ω protein) was identified with the aid of a radioimmunoassay for this protein. E. coli DNA topoisomerase I was produced by Salmonella typhimurium merodiploids that harbored E. coli plasmid F' 123, but not by strains that lost this plasmid. Analysis of strains with spontaneous deletions of F' 123 showed that the gene, topA, required for production of the E. coli ω protein was between the trp operon and the cysB gene. Deletions that eliminated topA also eliminated the supX gene. We suggest that topA is the structural gene of E. coli DNA topoisomerase I and that topA is identical to supX

Aspectos políticos de la dependencia financiera en los municipios mexicanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Ibarra Salazar

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La literatura especializada ha estudiado el im- pacto de las modi caciones en las instituciones scales el Sistema Nacional de Coordinaci n Fiscal (1980 y las reformas constitucionales al art - culo 115 (1983 y 1999 sobre el grado de depen- dencia nanciera de los gobiernos municipales y el desempe o gubernamental. Aunado a ello, el entorno pol tico ha probado ser un determinante importante en dicho desempe o. En efecto, des- de el enfoque de la econom a pol tica, diferen- tes estudios documentan los efectos del entorno pol tico y las instituciones scales en variables scales tales como el gasto y la deuda en go- biernos nacionales y subnacionales. Con base en cuatro variables la a liaci n pol tica del alcalde, la a liaci n pol tica del gobernador, la composi- ci n de los congresos locales y la celebraci n de elecciones locales , los autores construyen indi- cadores de con uencia pol tica a escala munici- pal y estudian la in uencia sobre la dependencia nanciera del grado de uni caci n del gobierno municipal, tanto con respecto al gobierno esta- tal como con respecto al congreso local, adem s de considerar la a liaci n pol tica del alcalde y el ciclo electoral local. A trav s de su enfoque anal tico y sus hallazgos emp ricos, este art culo ampl a el alcance de los estudios emp ricos sobre dependencia municipal scal. As mismo, aporta al campo de la econom a pol tica y sus estudios sobre las nanzas p blicas subnacionales.

Molecular characterization of 5S ribosomal RNA genes and transcripts in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreno-Campos, Rodrigo; Florencio-Martínez, Luis E; Nepomuceno-Mejía, Tomás; Rojas-Sánchez, Saúl; Vélez-Ramírez, Daniel E; Padilla-Mejía, Norma E; Figueroa-Angulo, Elisa; Manning-Cela, Rebeca; Martínez-Calvillo, Santiago

2016-12-01

Eukaryotic 5S rRNA, synthesized by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), is an essential component of the large ribosomal subunit. Most organisms contain hundreds of 5S rRNA genes organized into tandem arrays. However, the genome of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major contains only 11 copies of the 5S rRNA gene, which are interspersed and associated with other Pol III-transcribed genes. Here we report that, in general, the number and order of the 5S rRNA genes is conserved between different species of Leishmania. While in most organisms 5S rRNA genes are normally associated with the nucleolus, combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that 5S rRNA genes are mainly located at the nuclear periphery in L. major. Similarly, the tandemly repeated 5S rRNA genes in Trypanosoma cruzi are dispersed throughout the nucleus. In contrast, 5S rRNA transcripts in L. major were localized within the nucleolus, and scattered throughout the cytoplasm, where mature ribosomes are located. Unlike other rRNA species, stable antisense RNA complementary to 5S rRNA is not detected in L. major.

Efficient production of antibody Fab fragment by transient gene expression in insect cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Mori, Keita; Hamada, Hirotsugu; Ogawa, Takafumi; Ohmuro-Matsuyama, Yuki; Katsuda, Tomohisa; Yamaji, Hideki

2017-08-01

Transient gene expression allows a rapid production of diverse recombinant proteins in early-stage preclinical and clinical developments of biologics. Insect cells have proven to be an excellent platform for the production of functional recombinant proteins. In the present study, the production of an antibody Fab fragment by transient gene expression in lepidopteran insect cells was investigated. The DNA fragments encoding heavy-chain (Hc; Fd fragment) and light-chain (Lc) genes of an Fab fragment were individually cloned into the plasmid vector pIHAneo, which contained the Bombyx mori actin promoter downstream of the B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) IE-1 transactivator and the BmNPV HR3 enhancer for high-level expression. Trichoplusia ni BTI-TN-5B1-4 (High Five) cells were co-transfected with the resultant plasmid vectors using linear polyethyleneimine. When the transfection efficiency was evaluated, a plasmid vector encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was also co-transfected. Transfection and culture conditions were optimized based on both the flow cytometry of the EGFP expression in transfected cells and the yield of the secreted Fab fragments determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Under optimal conditions, a yield of approximately 120 mg/L of Fab fragments was achieved in 5 days in a shake-flask culture. Transient gene expression in insect cells may offer a promising approach to the high-throughput production of recombinant proteins. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Psicología comunitaria y políticas sociales en Chile Psicologia comunitaria e políticas sociais no Chile Community psychology and social policies in Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Alfaro Inzunza

2009-08-01

Full Text Available En este artículo analizamos la relación entre Psicología Comunitaria y políticas sociales, estableciendo la influencia de las políticas sociales sobre el desarrollo contemporáneo de la Psicología Comunitaria en Chile. Sostenemos que su consolidación como profesión se asocia estrechamente a la implementación de políticas sociales a partir de la década de los noventa y su conformación actual está condicionada y tensionada por las orientaciones de estas políticas. Se examina la evolución tanto de las políticas sociales como de la Psicología Comunitaria en Chile, los puntos de encuentro y las tensiones, de las que derivamos una serie de desafíos y proyecciones que examinamos en el presente artículo, con el objetivo de avanzar en la comprensión de esta relación.Este artigo investigou a relação entre a Psicologia Comunitária e as políticas sociais, estabelecendo a influência das políticas sociais sobre o desenvolvimento contemporâneo da Psicologia Comunitária no Chile. Afirmamos que a sua consolidação como profissão está intimamente associada à implementação de políticas sociais desde a década de noventa e sua formação atual está condicionada e tensionada pelas diretrizes dessas políticas. O estudo analisa a evolução das políticas sociais e da psicologia comunitária no Chile, os pontos de encontro e de tensão, dos quais se deriva uma série de desafios e projeções discutidos neste artigo com o objetivo de fazer avançar a compreensão desta relação.In this article we analyze the evolution of community psychology in Chile, and the influences of social policies in its development. We hold that its consolidation as a profession is closely associated to the implementation of social policies since the nineties, and its present conformation is determined and tightened by the orientation of these policies. From the evolution of social policies and Community Psychology in Chile we have come up with a series

Disruption of ten protease genes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae highly improves production of heterologous proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoon, Jaewoo; Maruyama, Jun-ichi; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko

2011-02-01

Proteolytic degradation by secreted proteases into the culture medium is one of the significant problems to be solved in heterologous protein production by filamentous fungi including Aspergillus oryzae. Double (tppA, and pepE) and quintuple (tppA, pepE, nptB, dppIV, and dppV) disruption of protease genes enhanced human lysozyme (HLY) and bovine chymosin (CHY) production by A. oryzae. In this study, we used a quintuple protease gene disruptant and performed successive rounds of disruption for five additional protease genes (alpA, pepA, AopepAa, AopepAd, and cpI), which were previously investigated by DNA microarray analyses for their expression. Gene disruption was performed by pyrG marker recycling with a highly efficient gene-targeting background (∆ligD) as previously reported. As a result, the maximum yields of recombinant CHY and HLY produced by a decuple protease gene disruptant were approximately 30% and 35%, respectively, higher than those produced by a quintuple protease gene disruptant. Thus, we successfully constructed a decuple protease gene disruptant possessing highly improved capability of heterologous protein production. This is the first report on decuple protease gene disruption that improved the levels of heterologous protein production by the filamentous fungus A. oryzae.

A Política de Quotas em Portugal: O papel dos partidos políticos e do feminismo de Estado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Monteiro

2012-11-01

Full Text Available A designada Lei da Paridade representa um marco importantíssimo na promoção da igualdade de mulheres e homens em Portugal. A sua relevância advém de vários factores, dentre os quais se destaca o seu impacto num sistema eleitoral que a inércia do sistema político-partidário tem sido incapaz de alterar. Na análise do surgimento das políticas de quotas em Portugal, o papel do principal mecanismo oficial para a igualdade, ou seja, da Comissão para a Cidadania e a Igualdade de Género, e das suas redes não tem sido estudado. Ora, como refere Mona Lena Krook, esforços para aumentar o número de mulheres em cargos políticos raramente acontecem na ausência de mobilização de mulheres. Adoptando a abordagem do feminismo de Estado, exploro aqui o papel da Comissão como uma entidade decisiva na apresentação das reivindicações feministas perante o Estado, um papel que tem sido sistematicamente ignorado, e explicito a forma como este mecanismo e as associações de mulheres em seu torno contribuíram para a promoção da agenda da participação das mulheres na política em Portugal.

Esquema de evaluación para instrumentos de política ambiental

OpenAIRE

Mariana Bobadilla; Martha Ileana Espejel Carbajal; Francisco Lara Valencia; Saul Álvarez Borrego; Sophie Ávila Foucat; José Luis Fermán Almada

2013-01-01

La evaluación de la política ambiental ha avanzado lentamente en México por varias razones que incluyen la novedad y rápida evolución de los instrumentos de política ambiental; la complejidad de los problemas ambientales y la inexistencia de modelos de evaluación estandarizados para los evaluadores de dicha política. Este artículo propone un esquema metodológico para la evaluación en tres etapas de los instrumentos de política ambiental. El método identifica la funcionalidad del instrumento d...

Políticas culturales y cultura política en una organización campesina del Magdalena Medio colombiano

OpenAIRE

Nydia Constanza Mendoza Romero

2011-01-01

El artículo se orienta a la comprensión de algunas relaciones entre cultura y poder que median los procesos organizativos inscritos en zonas de conflicto social y armado colombiano. En particular, se analiza la forma en la cual, en la configuración histórica de una organización campesina en Cimitarra, se van imbricando las políticas culturales, que desde este tipo de agrupaciones se despliegan, con las culturas políticas locales y nacionales, proceso en el que se van redefiniendo también los ...

Introducción. Sobre la música en la política y la política en la música

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asensio Llamas, Susana

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Music & Politics is a monographic issue that has at its origin the increasing need to understand how musical phenomena have interacted historically with a variety of political situations. This socio-cultural relationship has manifested itself historically, both in the capability of musical phenomena to support or represent relevant social movements –political cultures–, and in the historiography of the numerous policies subsequently developed by all kind of institutions concerning music –cultural policies–. The articles collected here illustrate a few examples of the ways in which political ideas have been popularly expressed through music, as well as some institutional regulations created to control these expressions.

Música & Políticas es un monográfico que aparece de la necesidad creciente de comprender cómo los fenómenos musicales han interactuado históricamente con diversas situaciones políticas. Esta relación sociocultural está históricamente constatada, en lo que se refiere a la capacidad de los fenómenos musicales de vehicular o representar movimientos sociales relevantes –culturas políticas–, pero también en la historiografía de las muchas normativas que todo tipo de instituciones han desarrollado como consecuencia en torno a la música –políticas culturales–. Los artículos aquí contenidos muestran varios ejemplos de cómo se han expresado popularmente ideas políticas a través de la música, y también de algunas regulaciones institucionales suscitadas con el objeto de controlar estas expresiones.

Single gene insertion drives bioalcohol production by a thermophilic archaeon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basen, M; Schut, GJ; Nguyen, DM; Lipscomb, GL; Benn, RA; Prybol, CJ; Vaccaro, BJ; Poole, FL; Kelly, RM; Adams, MWW

2014-12-09

Bioethanol production is achieved by only two metabolic pathways and only at moderate temperatures. Herein a fundamentally different synthetic pathway for bioalcohol production at 70 degrees C was constructed by insertion of the gene for bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA) into the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. The engineered strain converted glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. Furthermore, the AOR/AdhA pathway also converted exogenously added aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohol using glucose, pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant. By heterologous coexpression of a membrane-bound carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, CO was used as a reductant for converting carboxylic acids to alcohols. Redirecting the fermentative metabolism of P. furiosus through strategic insertion of foreign genes creates unprecedented opportunities for thermophilic bioalcohol production. Moreover, the AOR/AdhA pathway is a potentially game-changing strategy for syngas fermentation, especially in combination with carbon chain elongation pathways.

Polymorphisms in the HIV-1 gp41 env gene, natural resistance to enfuvirtide (T-20) and pol resistance among pregnant Brazilian women.

Science.gov (United States)

Reis, Mônica Nogueira da Guarda; de Alcântara, Keila Correa; Cardoso, Ludimila Paula Vaz; Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo

2014-01-01

The selective pressure of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) targeting HIV-1 pol can promote drug resistance mutations in other genomic regions, such as env. Drug resistance among women should be monitored to avoid horizontal and mother-to-child transmission. To describe natural resistance to T-20 (enfuvirtide), gp41 env polymorphisms, mutations in pol and HIV-1 subtypes, 124 pregnant women were recruited. For 98 patients, the gp41 env, protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) fragments were sequenced. The patients were ARV naïve (n = 30), taking mother-to-child transmission prophylaxis (n = 50), or being treated with highly active ARV therapy/HAART (n = 18). The Stanford and IAS/USA databases and other sources were used to analyze PR/RT, gp41 env resistance mutations. The HIV-1 genetic diversity was analyzed by REGA/phylogenetic analyses. The patients' median age was 25 years (range, 16-42), 18.4% had AIDS. The frequency of natural resistance to T-20 (N42D, L44M, and R46M-low-impact mutations) was 6.1% (6/98); 20.4% (20/98) had compensatory mutations in HR2. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in the pol was 13.3% (4/30), and the prevalence of secondary drug resistance was 33.3% (6/18). Two patients were infected with multidrug resistant/MDR viruses. The analysis of HIV-1 subtypes (PR/RT/gp41) revealed that 61.2% (60/98) were subtype B, 12.2% (12/98) were subtype C, 4.1% (4/98) were subtype F1, and 22.4% (22/98) were possible recombinants (BF1 = 20.4%; BC = 2%). Natural resistance to T-20 was not associated with pol resistance or previous ARV use. The high rate of secondary resistance, including MDR, indicates that the number of women that may need T-20 salvage therapy may be higher than anticipated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Contextos políticos pre-electorales

OpenAIRE

Iñíguez Rímoli, Nathalie; Fernández, Guillermo

2007-01-01

El presente artículo está enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación “El éxito de las campañas políticas locales en el contexto de campañas de carácter nacional en la Argentina: el caso de la ciudad de La Plata en las elecciones de los años 1999 y 2005”. En el mismo se busca establecer la relación correspondiente entre las campañas electorales de los años 1999 y 2005, para lograr la caracterización del contexto de construcción y legitimación de las campañas políticas locales en el marco de las...

Esferas (ocultas de participação política dos jovens na cidade da Praia, Cabo Verde: do político ao parapolítico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aquilino José Varela

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Trabalhar esferas de participação política dos jovens na Praia, capital de Cabo Verde, constitui o objetivo deste artigo. Partindo de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa, mapeamos as instâncias reservadas à participação política juvenil e exumamos a trajetória emergente forjada pelos jovens no sentido de expressarem o seu relacionamento com as instituições políticas, sobretudo o Governo e os Partidos Políticos. Esferas mercantilistas e parapolíticas expressas em grupos de rap e gangues de rua constituem novas tendências organizacionais e participacionistas dos jovens praienses que, num contexto marcado por desigualdades e dificuldades de acesso às oportunidades sociais, encontram no mercado eleitoral possibilidades de afirmação social.

Representación política y democracia deliberativa. ¿Qué puede significar hoy la participación política?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto García Alonso

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Los defensores de la democracia deliberativa han respaldado concepciones participativas de la democracia y han hecho hincapié en la inclusión política, la discusión pública, el razonamiento y el juicio político. Sin embargo, uno de los principales retos de las teorías deliberativas es el desarrollo de un diseño institucional viable. En otras palabras, ¿por qué, cómo y dónde debemos participar? Dadas las nuevas experiencias y desarrollos teóricos planteados por los modelos deliberativos existe una excelente coyuntura para proceder a una reevaluación del conjunto de los problemas planteados por el self-government y la participación política. Esto pasa necesariamente por un reconocimiento explícito de los desafíos que se enfrentan y de los límites de estas propuestas; en concreto, se hace urgente discutir: a los requisitos político-institucionales que deben cumplir los procedimientos deliberativos y b aclarar la delimitación normativa que la deliberación debe mantener con los elementos propios de nuestros gobiernos.

Comunicación política en las redes sociales: análisis del discurso político de ámbito local en los medios tradicionales y redes sociales

OpenAIRE

Moguer Terol, Manuel

2015-01-01

La tesis doctoral «Comunicación Política y redes sociales. Análisis del discurso político de ámbito local en medios tradicionales y redes sociales» analiza las diferencias y similitudes entre el discurso que los políticos generan para sí mismos en Facebook y Twitter como redes paradigmáticas y el que los medios de comunicación analógicos producen sobre ellos. Esta investigación pretende averiguar hasta qué punto los políticos trascienden la comunicación mediada y se hacen con el control de su...

Diversity, distribution and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces and meat products.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leyre Lavilla Lerma

Full Text Available The distribution and quantification of tetracycline, sulfonamide and beta-lactam resistance genes were assessed in slaughterhouse zones throughout meat chain production and the meat products; this study represents the first to report quantitatively monitor antibiotic resistance genes (ARG in goat and lamb slaughterhouse using a culture independent approach, since most studies focused on individual bacterial species and their specific resistance types. Quantitative PCR (qPCR revealed a high prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetB in almost all slaughterhouse zones. Sulfonamide resistance genes were largely distributed, while beta-lactam resistance genes were less predominant. Statistical analysis revealed that resistant bacteria, in most cases, were spread by the same route in almost all slaughterhouse zones, except for tetB, blaCTX and blaTEM genes, which occurred in few zones as isolated 'hot spots.' The sum of all analyzed ARG indicated that slaughterhouse surfaces and end products act as reservoirs of ARG, mainly tet genes, which were more prevalent in slaughtering room (SR, cutting room (CR and commercial meat products (MP. Resistance gene patterns suggest they were disseminated throughout slaughterhouse zones being also detected in commercial meat products, with significant correlations between different sampling zones/end products and total resistance in SR, CR and white room (WR zones, and also refrigerator 4 (F4 and MP were observed. Strategically controlling key zones in slaughterhouse (SR, CR and WR by adequate disinfection methods could strategically reduce the risks of ARG transmission and minimize the issues of food safety and environment contamination.

Diversity, distribution and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces and meat products.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavilla Lerma, Leyre; Benomar, Nabil; Knapp, Charles W; Correa Galeote, David; Gálvez, Antonio; Abriouel, Hikmate

2014-01-01

The distribution and quantification of tetracycline, sulfonamide and beta-lactam resistance genes were assessed in slaughterhouse zones throughout meat chain production and the meat products; this study represents the first to report quantitatively monitor antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in goat and lamb slaughterhouse using a culture independent approach, since most studies focused on individual bacterial species and their specific resistance types. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed a high prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetB in almost all slaughterhouse zones. Sulfonamide resistance genes were largely distributed, while beta-lactam resistance genes were less predominant. Statistical analysis revealed that resistant bacteria, in most cases, were spread by the same route in almost all slaughterhouse zones, except for tetB, blaCTX and blaTEM genes, which occurred in few zones as isolated 'hot spots.' The sum of all analyzed ARG indicated that slaughterhouse surfaces and end products act as reservoirs of ARG, mainly tet genes, which were more prevalent in slaughtering room (SR), cutting room (CR) and commercial meat products (MP). Resistance gene patterns suggest they were disseminated throughout slaughterhouse zones being also detected in commercial meat products, with significant correlations between different sampling zones/end products and total resistance in SR, CR and white room (WR) zones, and also refrigerator 4 (F4) and MP were observed. Strategically controlling key zones in slaughterhouse (SR, CR and WR) by adequate disinfection methods could strategically reduce the risks of ARG transmission and minimize the issues of food safety and environment contamination.

Reforma política y autoritarismo en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Aldo Olano Alor

2000-01-01

En la última década, Perú sufrió una transformación política hacia un régimen autoritario, cuyos antecedentes se sintetizan en la incapacidad del Estado para poner freno a la crisis sociopolítica; las constantes violaciones de los derechos humanos por parte de las Fuerzas Armadas al adquirir mayor autonomía en su lucha contra la subversión y ganar peso en la política nacional; la corrupción en los gobiernos anteriores y la pérdida de credibilidad en los partidos políticos. Estos y otros facto...

O desenvolvimento político em Huntington e Fukuyama Huntington and Fukuyama on political development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natália Nóbrega de Mello

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo contrasta as teses de Huntington e Fukuyama sobre desenvolvimento político. As obras analisadas, Ordem política nas sociedades em mudança e O fim da história, inscrevem-se entre duas conjunturas decisivas - 1968 e 1989. Huntington desmontou a equivalência entre desenvolvimento político e modernização e Fukuyama reafirmou a democracia como o destino de todos os países e, desse modo, como o fim da história. Nesta comparação, dois eixos se sobressaem: o contexto de produção das obras e a alternância entre os polos teóricos da democracia e da estabilidade. Procura-se demonstrar como, apesar de reinserir a democracia no desenvolvimento político, a instabilidade continua a ser um foco privilegiado de análise no pensamento de Fukuyama.The article contrasts the theories of Huntington and Fukuyama on political development. The analyzed works, Political order in changing societies and The end of history, fall between two decisive historical moments - in 1968 and 1989. Huntington disassembled the equivalence between political development and modernization; Fukuyama reaffirmed democracy as the destiny of all countries and, as such, it is the end of history. In this comparison, two axes call our attention: the production context of these works and the alternation between the theoreticals poles of democracy and stability. The article shows how, although reenters democracy in the political development theory, instablility remains a prime focus of analysis in Fukuyama's thought.

A shortest-path graph kernel for estimating gene product semantic similarity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvarez Marco A

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Existing methods for calculating semantic similarity between gene products using the Gene Ontology (GO often rely on external resources, which are not part of the ontology. Consequently, changes in these external resources like biased term distribution caused by shifting of hot research topics, will affect the calculation of semantic similarity. One way to avoid this problem is to use semantic methods that are "intrinsic" to the ontology, i.e. independent of external knowledge. Results We present a shortest-path graph kernel (spgk method that relies exclusively on the GO and its structure. In spgk, a gene product is represented by an induced subgraph of the GO, which consists of all the GO terms annotating it. Then a shortest-path graph kernel is used to compute the similarity between two graphs. In a comprehensive evaluation using a benchmark dataset, spgk compares favorably with other methods that depend on external resources. Compared with simUI, a method that is also intrinsic to GO, spgk achieves slightly better results on the benchmark dataset. Statistical tests show that the improvement is significant when the resolution and EC similarity correlation coefficient are used to measure the performance, but is insignificant when the Pfam similarity correlation coefficient is used. Conclusions Spgk uses a graph kernel method in polynomial time to exploit the structure of the GO to calculate semantic similarity between gene products. It provides an alternative to both methods that use external resources and "intrinsic" methods with comparable performance.

File list: Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Cardiomyocytes ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Cardiomyocytes ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Cardiomyocytes ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Cardiomyocytes ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Cardiomyocytes.bed ...

La enseñanza del análisis de políticas públicas en los programas universitarios de Ciencia Política en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André-Noël Roth Deubel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En América Latina las políticas públicas han ganado un lugar significativo tanto en los discursos políticos como en la academia. Prácticamente desconocido hasta finales de la década de 1980, el concepto de política pública es hoy un lugar común para señalar el trabajo gubernamental en pro de resolver, mitigar o regular algún problema o asunto público, o para invocar su necesidad. Su desarrollo académico —y por tanto, su enseñanza— no se encuentra desligado de las concepciones que prevalecen en materia de relaciones entre Estado y sociedad, y de perspectivas epistemológicas. Este artículo sintetiza la evolución del campo de estudio y el contexto de su introducción en América Latina y Colombia; luego, a partir del análisis de los contenidos curriculares y bibliográficos de las asignaturas de pregrado en las carreras de Ciencia Política y afines de diecinueve universidades, se busca caracterizar el campo del análisis de políticas públicas en Colombia. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la fuerte presencia del enfoque neorracionalista y de la importancia de los libros de textos en español publicados en Colombia, concluyendo con una discusión relativa a la posible autonomización institucional del análisis de políticas públicas.

A visibilidade política na série The Crown

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovana dos Passos Colling

2018-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se configura a visibilidade política na trama da série The Crown, produzida pela Netflix, por meio da análise dos três primeiros episódios. A partir do enredo da série, que conta a história da família real britânica na época em que a Raínha Elizabeth II assume o trono e suas novas responsabilidades políticas, é possível perceber e analisar as relações de poder entre a política, a sociedade e a mídia, além de temáticas como imagem pública, escândalo político, relações políticas entre países e discurso midiático. A análise de conteúdo se dá a partir dos autores Gomes, Thompson e Weber. Assim, torna-se perceptível a indissociabilidade entre a mídia, a sociedade e a política para a manutenção de um governo estável, que se utilizando da visibilidade midiática de maneira favorável, estabelece uma comunicação eficiente e uma imagem pública forte e positiva.

Conversando sobre política na situação psicoterapêutica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roque Tadeu Gui

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, é analisada a intervenção clínica sobre o material político apresentado na situação terapêutica, buscando-se compreender as relações existentes entre desenvolvimento psicológico e desenvolvimento político da personalidade. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa: 24 terapeutas de São Paulo e Brasília, de ambos os sexos e diferentes orientações clínicas, responderam a um questionário, e 7 deles participaram de grupo focal sobre o tema clínica e política. Os terapeutas lidam com material político de maneira preferencialmente simbólica/interpretativa, muitas vezes associada a certa maneira “realista” de considerar o tema. O desenvolvimento político da pessoa é percebido como decorrente do desenvolvimento psicológico ou, então, favorecido por este, mas não ocorrendo necessariamente. Engajamentos políticos são vistos freqüentemente como sintomas de mau-funcionamento psíquico, e os terapeutas não identificam as vivências sociopolíticas como estímulos ao desenvolvimento psíquico. Confirma-se a existência de uma cisão entre a face pública da profissão, que se apresenta apolítica, e a face privada, representada por profissionais que vivem engajamentos sociopolíticos. Sugere-se o aprofundamento dos estudos sobre as relações entre o desenvolvimento psicológico e o desenvolvimento político da personalidade para subsidiar as abordagens psicoterapêuticas no manejo de material político.

Systematic identification of novel, essential host genes affecting bromovirus RNA replication.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brandi L Gancarz

Full Text Available Positive-strand RNA virus replication involves viral proteins and cellular proteins at nearly every replication step. Brome mosaic virus (BMV is a well-established model for dissecting virus-host interactions and is one of very few viruses whose RNA replication, gene expression and encapsidation have been reproduced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, our laboratory identified ∼100 non-essential host genes whose loss inhibited or enhanced BMV replication at least 3-fold. However, our isolation of additional BMV-modulating host genes by classical genetics and other results underscore that genes essential for cell growth also contribute to BMV RNA replication at a frequency that may be greater than that of non-essential genes. To systematically identify novel, essential host genes affecting BMV RNA replication, we tested a collection of ∼900 yeast strains, each with a single essential gene promoter replaced by a doxycycline-repressible promoter, allowing repression of gene expression by adding doxycycline to the growth medium. Using this strain array of ∼81% of essential yeast genes, we identified 24 essential host genes whose depleted expression reproducibly inhibited or enhanced BMV RNA replication. Relevant host genes are involved in ribosome biosynthesis, cell cycle regulation and protein homeostasis, among other cellular processes. BMV 2a(Pol levels were significantly increased in strains depleted for a heat shock protein (HSF1 or proteasome components (PRE1 and RPT6, suggesting these genes may affect BMV RNA replication by directly or indirectly modulating 2a(Pol localization, post-translational modification or interacting partners. Investigating the diverse functions of these newly identified essential host genes should advance our understanding of BMV-host interactions and normal cellular pathways, and suggest new modes of virus control.

en el exterior y su impacto en la política mexicana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús Martínez Saldaña

2003-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se estudia el impacto del activismo político de los migrantes mexicanos residentes en los Estados Unidos que buscan ejercer sus derechos políticos en México. Se analizan los factores que están creando las condiciones en México para hacer efectivos derechos ciudadanos fundamentales como el voto en elecciones presidenciales y la representación en el Poder Legislativo para ciudadanos en el exterior. La apertura del sistema político mexicano a los migrantes internacionales se atribuye a una convergencia de procesos, que incluyen la incipiente transición a la democracia, la institucionalización de la relación entre migrantes y partidos políticos y el activismo de los propios migrantes, quienes buscan promover reformas electorales y políticas relacionadas con su condición social

Regulation of metabolic products and gene expression in Fusarium asiaticum by agmatine addition.

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Tadahiro; Kim, Young-Kyung; Yoshioka, Hifumi; Iwahashi, Yumiko

2013-05-01

The metabolic products resulting from the cultivation of F. asiaticum in agmatine were identified using capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry. Glyoxylic acid was detected from fungal cultures grown in agmatine, while it was absent in control cells. The abundance of other metabolic products of the glycolytic pathway also increased because of agmatine; however, there was no increase in the amounts of pyruvic acid or metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, gene expression levels within Fusarium asiaticum exposed to agmatine were analyzed by DNA microarray. Changes in gene expression levels directed the changes in metabolic products. Our results suggest that acetyl coenzyme A, which is a starting substrate for the biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON), was simultaneously produced by activated β-oxidation. Furthermore, the content of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) was increased in the agmatine addition culture medium. GABA can be synthesized from agmatine through putrescine and might influence the regulation of DON-related genes.

Coaliciones fantasmas, esencialismos políticos y corrupción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burbano de Lara, Felipe

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo reflexiona sobre la inclinación de los partidos políticos ecuatorianos a ocultar sus pactos y acuerdos. Sostiene que el funcionamiento de ¿coaliciones fantasmas¿ -como las ha definido el politólogo Andrés Mejía- hay que explicarlas en la necesidad de los partidos y de sus líderes de sostener -en el espacio público- identidades ligadas a principios de legitimación política y valores éticos irreductibles. La negociación política y los pactos con el gobierno, inevitables en democracia, son entendidos como daños irreversibles a la identidad política, un mestizaje inaceptable desde el punto de vista de la imagen pública. De allí que los acuerdos deban ser ocultados, negados, aún cuando la práctica cotidiana les empuje a buscarlos constantemente.

Amor y política.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hernando Bernal.

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende hacer una serie de consideraciones que apuntan sobre todo a extraer una definición de lo que es «la política» para el psicoanálisis a partir de una observación que hace Jacques Alain Miller en su texto Lógicas de la vida amorosa sobre cómo Freud introduce una «teoría política» a partir de su texto Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo.En dicho texto Freud hace ver el poder ordenador y apaciguador del amor significante amo en la medida en que una masa no es más que el amor uniendo a muchas personas y reiterado en cada una de ellas. Las fuerzas armadas y la Iglesia son un buen ejemplo de ello.Pero a pesar de la cohesión amorosa de la humanidad por el poder unificante del amor, resta siempre un malestar. El malestar que persiste en la cultura testimonia del fracaso del amor para resolver el empuje del hombre a satisfacerse con el mal. El significante amo no parece entonces solucionar la paradoja del goce. De aquí que preguntarse sobre adónde vaya el goce en el orden social sea también, para el psicoanálisis, una cuestión política. Jacques- Alain Miller observa, en su texto Lógicas de la vida amorosa, cómo, a partir de la Psicología de las masas y análisis del yo, se puede extraer de Freud una «teoría política», que se vincula muy estrechamente con el amor. Esto porque La Psicología de las masas... enseña sobre el poder ordenador y apaciguador del amor, o mejor, del significante «amor» como significante Amo, lo que se puede escribir de la siguiente manera con ayuda de la «teoría de los discursos» o «teoría del vínculo social» de Lacan.

Hannah Arendt : uma reflexão sobre política e liberdade

OpenAIRE

Rodrigo Gonçalves de Souza

2015-01-01

Diante do vazio generalista e da alienação do mundo comum que levaram a degradação do domínio político e da quase total aniquilação da pluralidade, a presente dissertação objetiva analisar e refletir sobre a fiosofia política de Hannah Arendt na busca por respostas que elucidem a crise política de nossa época: se a política existe para atender predominantemente aos interesses de ordem econômica ou ela diz respeito a condição das pessoas agirem livremente, mostrando seus pontos de vista – a p...

La ciencia de la política.

OpenAIRE

Bolívar Meza, Rosendo

2007-01-01

Presentación. Ramos Jiménez, Alfredo Los círculos bolivarianos. El mito de la unidad del pueblo. Arenas, Nelly y Gómez Calcaño, Luis Lo massmediático y las sociedades contemporáneas. Un acercamiento a la relación medios-democracia. Briceño Romero, Ysabel La economía ambiental y la política ambiental. Caraballo, Leonardo Javier Veinte años de democracia en la Argentina. ¿Qué democracia? Kers, Mercedes y Leiras, Santiago C. La ciencia de la política. Bolívar ...

Los efectos de la comunicación política en el comportamiento electoral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ismael Crespo Martínez

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La comunicación política es un aspecto fundamental de todos los procesos políticos contemporáneos. De hecho, el análisis político de la realidad, bien sea para realizar cálculos estratégicos, o bien para tratar de profundizar en la comprensión de las dinámicas socio-políticas, ya no puede obviar el papel central de la comunicación política en las sociedades. A partir de esta afirmación, los autores exponen a través de un recorrido histórico la influencia y efectos de la comunicación en la política, incluyendo las nuevas tendencias con los avances de las tecnologías de la comunicación

Política externa, projeto nacional e política econômica ao final do Estado Novo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Luiz Corsi

2008-10-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2008v7n12p67 O presente artigo discute a política externa e a política econômica no período final do Estado Novo. Procura-se mostrar que ambas eram condicionadas por um projeto de desenvolvimento nacional, que se caracterizava, entre outros aspectos, por propor um desenvolvimento associado ao capital estrangeiro. Discutimos a natureza do nacionalismo de Vargas, tentando indicar suas múltiplas facetas, em especial sua particular concepção de relação com o capital estrangeiro e os Estados Unidos.

O enfoque de análise de políticas e a política pública do pólo e parque de alta tecnologia de Campinas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério Bezerra da Silva

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa a política pública do Pólo e Parque de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas (PATC que, como uma das orientações da política científica e tecnológica brasileira, vem sendo elaboradas nas três últimas décadas. Para isso, utiliza o Enfoque de Análise de Políticas (EAn, que não exige apenas a comparação entre os objetivos da política e os resultados logrados com sua implementação. Ele busca explicar as falhas na consecução dos objetivos a partir do exame do seu momento de formulação. Isto é, do processo decisório e dos projetos políticos e dos modelos cognitivos dos atores com ela envolvidos. A análise realizada aponta que após três décadas do início dessa Política Pública os seus resultados têm sido bastante modestos. A explicação disso pode estar no fato dela ter sido uma emulação de experiências similares ocorridas em países de capitalismo avançado por iniciativa de integrantes da comunidade de pesquisa nacional.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for ethanol production without foreign genes

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Youngnyun

Worldwide dependence on finite petroleum-based energy necessitates alternative energy sources that can be produced from renewable resources. A successful example of an alternative transportation fuel is bioethanol, produced by microorganisms, from corn starch that is blended with gasoline. However, corn, currently the main feedstock for bioethanol production, also occupies a significant role in human food and animal feed chains. As more corn is diverted to bioethanol, the cost of corn is expected to increase with an increase in the price of food, feed and ethanol. Using lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production is considered to resolve this problem. However, this requires a microbial biocatalyst that can ferment hexoses and pentoses to ethanol. Escherichia coli is an efficient biocatalyst that can use all the monomeric sugars in lignocellulose, and recombinant derivatives of E. coli have been engineered to produce ethanol as the major fermentation product. In my study, ethanologenic E. coli strains were isolated from a ldhA-, pflB- derivative without introduction of foreign genes. These isolates grew anaerobically and produced ethanol as the main fermentation product. The mutation responsible for anaerobic growth and ethanol production was mapped in the lpdA gene and the mutation was identified as E354K in three of the isolates tested. Another three isolates carried an lpdA mutation, H352Y. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that the mutated form of the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LPD) encoded by the lpdA was significantly less sensitive to NADH inhibition than the native LPD. This reduced NADH sensitivity of the mutated LPD was translated into lower sensitivity to NADH of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in strain SE2378. The net yield of 4 moles of NADH and 2 moles of acetyl-CoA per mole of glucose produced by a combination of glycolysis and PDH provided a logical basis to explain the production of 2 moles of ethanol per glucose. The development of E

La regulación del dinero político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrique García Viñuela

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El dinero que se dirige a la financiación de los partidos y las campañas electorales se regula en las democracias para prevenir la corrupción quid pro quo y para que las desigualdades económicas no se trasladen a la política. Este artículo aborda la lógica de la regulación de esa clase de dinero y propone medidas que reducen los costes de información y agencia que comporta la representación política. El artículo tiene tres propósitos. El primero es exponer los problemas de la financiación política en el lenguaje de la teoría de la regulación económica. El segundo, mostrar que los medios de que disponen los reguladores sólo permiten alcanzar parcialmente los objetivos buscados. El tercero, la defensa de que las medidas más prometedoras para limitar la influencia del dinero político son la publicidad de las contribuciones a los partidos y candidatos y los techos al gasto electoral.

Step-wise and lineage-specific diversification of plant RNA polymerase genes and origin of the largest plant-specific subunits.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yaqiong; Ma, Hong

2015-09-01

Proteins often function as complexes, yet little is known about the evolution of dissimilar subunits of complexes. DNA-directed RNA polymerases (RNAPs) are multisubunit complexes, with distinct eukaryotic types for different classes of transcripts. In addition to Pol I-III, common in eukaryotes, plants have Pol IV and V for epigenetic regulation. Some RNAP subunits are specific to one type, whereas other subunits are shared by multiple types. We have conducted extensive phylogenetic and sequence analyses, and have placed RNAP gene duplication events in land plant history, thereby reconstructing the subunit compositions of the novel RNAPs during land plant evolution. We found that Pol IV/V have experienced step-wise duplication and diversification of various subunits, with increasingly distinctive subunit compositions. Also, lineage-specific duplications have further increased RNAP complexity with distinct copies in different plant families and varying divergence for subunits of different RNAPs. Further, the largest subunits of Pol IV/V probably originated from a gene fusion in the ancestral land plants. We propose a framework of plant RNAP evolution, providing an excellent model for protein complex evolution. © 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

Use of galerina marginata genes and proteins for peptide production

Science.gov (United States)

Hallen-Adams, Heather E.; Scott-Craig, John S.; Walton, Jonathan D.; Luo, Hong

2018-04-03

The present invention relates to compositions and methods comprising genes and peptides associated with cyclic peptides and cyclic peptide production in mushrooms. In particular, the present invention relates to using genes and proteins from Galerina species encoding peptides specifically relating to amatoxins in addition to proteins involved with processing cyclic peptide toxins. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention also relates to methods for making small peptides and small cyclic peptides including peptides similar to amanitin. Further, the present inventions relate to providing kits for making small peptides.

Use of Galerina marginata genes and proteins for peptide production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hallen-Adams, Heather E.; Scott-Craig, John S.; Walton, Jonathan D.; Luo, Hong

2017-03-21

The present invention relates to compositions and methods comprising genes and peptides associated with cyclic peptides and cyclic peptide production in mushrooms. In particular, the present invention relates to using genes and proteins from Galerina species encoding peptides specifically relating to amatoxins in addition to proteins involved with processing cyclic peptide toxins. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention also relates to methods for making small peptides and small cyclic peptides including peptides similar to amanitin. Further, the present inventions relate to providing kits for making small peptides.

Perfil político de los diputados mexicanos federales del pan y pri de la LXI Legislatura: apuntes para un estudio cualitativo de los políticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Montaño Reyes

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El descontento ante la democracia ha pro - vocado que el estudio del capital humano que dirige las instituciones representativas cobre relevancia. En este artículo se analiza el perfil político de 382 diputados federales del Partido Acción Nacional ( pan y del Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( pri de la lxi Legislatura. El análisis contem - pla sus competencias profesionales, su trayectoria y su experiencia política. Los resultados muestran datos relevantes sobre los personajes que ejercen los puestos de representación política en México; la revisión de sus competencias personales y de su trayectoria profesional lleva a concluir que la carrera política es un factor de gran importancia para el mejor funcionamiento de la democracia representativa.

File list: Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestines [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestines mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestines SRX112957...,SRX143802 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestines.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestines [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestines mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestines SRX112957...,SRX143802 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestines.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.05.AllAg.Intestines [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.05.AllAg.Intestines mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestines SRX112957...,SRX143802 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.05.AllAg.Intestines.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestines [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestines mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestines SRX112957...,SRX143802 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestines.bed ...

Id-1 and Id-2 genes and products as markers of epithelial cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Desprez, Pierre-Yves [El Cerrito, CA; Campisi, Judith [Berkeley, CA

2008-09-30

A method for detection and prognosis of breast cancer and other types of cancer. The method comprises detecting expression, if any, for both an Id-1 and an Id-2 genes, or the ratio thereof, of gene products in samples of breast tissue obtained from a patient. When expressed, Id-1 gene is a prognostic indicator that breast cancer cells are invasive and metastatic, whereas Id-2 gene is a prognostic indicator that breast cancer cells are localized and noninvasive in the breast tissue.

EpsA is an essential gene in exopolysaccharide production in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785.

Science.gov (United States)

Dertli, Enes; Mayer, Melinda J; Colquhoun, Ian J; Narbad, Arjan

2016-07-01

Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 has an eps gene cluster which is required for the biosynthesis of homopolymeric exopolysaccharides (EPS)-1 and heteropolymeric EPS-2 as a capsular layer. The first gene of the cluster, epsA, is the putative transcriptional regulator. In this study we showed the crucial role of epsA in EPS biosynthesis by demonstrating that deletion of epsA resulted in complete loss of both EPS-1 and EPS-2 on the cell surface. Plasmid complementation of the epsA gene fully restored EPS production, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Furthermore, this complementation resulted in a twofold increase in the expression levels of this gene, which almost doubled amounts of EPS production in comparison with the wild-type strain. Analysis of EPS by NMR showed an increased ratio of the heteropolysaccharide to homopolysaccharide in the complemented strain and allowed identification of the acetylated residue in EPS-2 as the (1,4)-linked βGlcp unit, with the acetyl group located at O-6. These findings indicate that epsA is a positive regulator of EPS production and that EPS production can be manipulated by altering its expression. © 2015 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.

Políticas culturales. Identidad social de los sectores medios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Alejandra País Andrade

2008-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, describiremos el Programa Cultural en Barrios con el objetivo de profundizar en las políticas culturales, sus gestiones y las actividades que en él se ofrecen. Asimismo, visualizamos la ambigüedad con que el estado ha recorrido las transiciones políticas a través de la cultura y como los centros culturales se han conformado como espacios de encuentro público para la construcción de identidades, ya sea desde la militancia política (1984-1989 como de la participación cultural de los sectores medios (en la actualidad.

Identification of sequences in herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP22 that influence RNA polymerase II modification and viral late gene expression.

Science.gov (United States)

Bastian, Thomas W; Rice, Stephen A

2009-01-01

Previous studies have shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP22 alters the phosphorylation of the host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during viral infection. In this study, we have engineered several ICP22 plasmid and virus mutants in order to map the ICP22 sequences that are involved in this function. We identify a region in the C-terminal half of ICP22 (residues 240 to 340) that is critical for Pol II modification and further show that the N-terminal half of the protein (residues 1 to 239) is not required. However, immunofluorescence analysis indicates that the N-terminal half of ICP22 is needed for its localization to nuclear body structures. These results demonstrate that ICP22's effects on Pol II do not require that it accumulate in nuclear bodies. As ICP22 is known to enhance viral late gene expression during infection of certain cultured cells, including human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, we used our engineered viral mutants to map this function of ICP22. It was found that mutations in both the N- and C-terminal halves of ICP22 result in similar defects in viral late gene expression and growth in HEL cells, despite having distinctly different effects on Pol II. Thus, our results genetically uncouple ICP22's effects on Pol II from its effects on viral late gene expression. This suggests that these two functions of ICP22 may be due to distinct activities of the protein.

Expression of nm23-H1 gene product in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its association with vessel invasion and survival

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomita, Masaki; Ayabe, Takanori; Matsuzaki, Yasunori; Edagawa, Masao; Maeda, Masayuki; Shimizu, Tetsuya; Hara, Masaki; Onitsuka, Toshio

2001-01-01

We assessed the nm23-H1 gene product expression and its relationship with lymphatic and blood vessel invasion in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 45 patients who were treated surgically were used in this study. Pathologists graded lymphatic and blood vessel invasion in each of the tissue samples. Expression of nm23-Hl gene product was determined using a specific monoclonal antibody. Expression of nm23-H1 gene product was present in 17 (37.8%) cases. We found an inverse correlation between nm23-H1 gene product expression and lymphatic vessel invasion, whereas no correlation between nm23-H1 gene product expression and blood vessel invasion. Overall survival rate was not different between nm23-H1 gene product positive and negative patients (p = 0.21). However, reduced expression of nm23-H1 gene product was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with involved lymph nodes (p < 0.05), but not in patients without involved lymph nodes (p = 0.87). In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, there appears to be an inverse relationship between nm23-H1 gene product expression and lymphatic vessel invasion. Furthermore, nm23-H1 gene product expression might be a prognostic marker in patients with involved lymph nodes. Our data does not demonstrate any correlation between nm23-H1 gene product expression and blood vessel invasion

A síntese imperfeita: articulação entre política externa e política de defesa na era Cardoso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo Soares Alsina Jr.

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Esse artigo tem por objetivo gerar hipóteses sobre a articulação entre política externa e política de defesa na gestão Cardoso. Partiu-se de estudo de caso sobre a formulação da Política de Defesa Nacional (PDN e as conseqüências dessa para a institucionalização do Ministério da Defesa (MD. Constatou-se a baixa prioridade atribuída pela diplomacia ao poder militar como ferramenta de política externa. Finalmente, explicitou-se a inexistência de mecanismos efetivos de articulação.This article has the objective of producing hypotheses on the articulation between foreign and defense policies during President's Cardoso administration. Initially, a case study on the formulation of the National Defense Policy Document (PDN and its consequences to the institutionalization of the Defense Ministry (MD was conducted. The low priority Brazilian diplomacy attributes to military power as a foreign policy tool was established. Finally, the lack of effective articulation mechanisms between foreign and defense policies was stressed.

File list: Pol.Liv.20.AllAg.Hepatocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Liv.20.AllAg.Hepatocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Liver Hepatocytes ERX204069,ERX2040...60,ERX204064 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Liv.20.AllAg.Hepatocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.Liv.05.AllAg.Hepatocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Liv.05.AllAg.Hepatocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Liver Hepatocytes ERX204060,ERX2040...69,ERX204064 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Liv.05.AllAg.Hepatocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Hepatocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Hepatocytes mm9 RNA polymerase Liver Hepatocytes ERX204060,ERX2040...69,ERX204064 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Hepatocytes.bed ...

Un dialogo con Benjamín Arditi El desacuerdo y la política latinoamericana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Amézquita O.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Benjamín Arditi es doctor en teoría política por la Universidad de Essex y profesor de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas de la UNAM. Ha sido profesor invitado en las universidades Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil, Maryland (Estados Unidos y Essex (Reino Unido, así como investigador en el Centro de Documentación y Estudios (Paraguay e investigador visitante en las universidades de Edimburgo y St. Andrews (Reino Unido.Es autor de La política en los bordes del liberalismo: diferencia, populismo, revolución, emancipación (Gedisa, 2010 y editor de ¿Democracia post-liberal? El espacio político de las asociaciones (Anthropos, 2005. Edita la serie de libros de teoría política “Taking on the Political” publicada por Edinburgh University Press. Su investigación actual en torno al poder constituyente en Sieyès y Spinoza, las tesis de Jacques Rancière sobre política, la política post-liberal y las formas post-hegemónicas de la política forma parte de un proyecto de libro titulado El devenir-otro de la política.

De crisis y transformaciones. Los partidos políticos en la hora actual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melina Andrea Deangeli

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Los partidos políticos han constituido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la ciencia política. Desde las últimas décadas del siglo xx, existe una suerte de consenso sobre la crisis de estos en las democracias occidentales. El presente trabajo retoma aquellos diagnósticos para problematizar el lugar de los partidos políticos en la actualidad. Basándonos, principalmente, en el caso argentino, sostenemos que la transformación en el modelo de Estado propuesto y ejecutado en nuestro país a partir del año 2003 habría asumido implicancias concretas en la configuración de (algunos de ellos que, en consonancia con el contexto político, asumen nuevas dinámicas que implican la inclusión de miembros y demandas de diferentes espacios políticos como agrupaciones político-territoriales, movimientos sociales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Se analizan brevemente, además, los casos de Brasil, Bolivia y España.

Gene deletion of cytosolic ATP: citrate lyase leads to altered organic acid production in Aspergillus niger

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meijer, Susan Lisette; Nielsen, Michael Lynge; Olsson, Lisbeth

2009-01-01

With the availability of the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, the use of targeted genetic modifications has become feasible. This, together with the fact that A. niger is well established industrially, makes this fungus an attractive micro-organism for creating a cell...... factory platform for production of chemicals. Using molecular biology techniques, this study focused on metabolic engineering of A. niger to manipulate its organic acid production in the direction of succinic acid. The gene target for complete gene deletion was cytosolic ATP: citrate lyase (acl), which...... the acl gene. Additionally, the total amount of organic acids produced in the deletion strain was significantly increased. Genome-scale stoichiometric metabolic model predictions can be used for identifying gene targets. Deletion of the acl led to increased succinic acid production by A. niger....

Genes related to xylose fermentation and methods of using same for enhanced biofuel production

Science.gov (United States)

Wohlbach, Dana J.; Gasch, Audrey P.

2014-08-05

The present invention provides isolated gene sequences involved in xylose fermentation and related recombinant yeast which are useful in methods of enhanced biofuel production, particularly ethanol production. Methods of bioengineering recombinant yeast useful for biofuel production are also provided.

La invención de los clásicos: nacionalismo, filología y políticas culturales en Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Degiovanni

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo estudia el lugar que tuvo el discurso filológico en las disputas por la consagración de una versión legítima del canon argentino a comienzos del siglo XX. A través del análisis del modo en que algunos críticos utilizaron argumentos y estrategias de fijación discursiva derivados de la crítica textual para legitimar una versión anti-jacobina y anti-socialista de los orígenes de la nacionalidad en un momento crucial de la vida política del país (la sanción de la Ley Sáenz Peña y las primeras elecciones presidenciales limpias, el trabajo se propone indicar las estrechas relaciones entre legitimación crítica y legitimación política en el establecimiento de un repertorio de clásicos argentinos. El estudio de la forma en que Rojas e Ingenieros editaron las obras de ciertos escritores nacionales en sus respectivas colecciones populares de autores argentinos sirve de ejemplo para demostrar de qué manera los textos del pasado sirvieron para justificar debates políticos y culturales del presente.

Adeus à política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoel Mendonça Filho

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata as questões do "Estado" e da "Política" partindo do exemplo concreto do processo de institucionalização, no Brasil, de práticas profissionais em psicologia reconhecidas como Análise Institucional (vertente grupalista francesa consideravelmente difundida nos últimos 20 anos. Trabalho para expor uma face menos visível da judicialização que funciona ao nível das concepções, crenças e valores entre os operadores dos equipamentos onde se materializam as políticas públicas engendradas pelo excesso legalista. Dentre as modalidades desse apego à lei, toma-se em análise aquela mais próxima de nossas práticas de funcionalismo público marcando o índice de grau máximo de sua institucionalização: a aceitação consensual da competência como critério de legitimidade na operação dos "instrumentos da violência institucional".

La muerte en espejo: movilizaciones, emociones y política de masas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Gayol

2016-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo compara dos movilizaciones en la argentina de entreguerras. Demuestra las diferencias en la comprensión del poder, en la relación de las masas con el poder y en las formas de  incorporación de las masas a la política democrática que tenían los nacionalistas y la UCR. Sostiene que ambos grupos políticos apelaron a las emociones para movilizar a la población y se valieron de ellas para validar o impugnar la capacidad política de las masas. Dolor, respeto, sumisión, solemnidad, fue el registro emocional validado por los nacionalistas que impactaba directamente en las formas de participación política y por ende en la cultura política. Los radicales muestran un régimen emocional más heterogéneo que no descuidó el orden, que apeló en ocasiones a la violencia pero que incorporó también el entusiasmo, la exaltación y la alegría como emociones positivas y constitutivas de la experiencia política de las masas. Con las herramientas de la historia social y cultural, el artículo brinda una visión más comprensiva de las prácticas y de la cultura política en la argentina de los años treinta en particular y del período de entreguerras en general.

Improvement of heterologous protein production in Aspergillus oryzae by RNA interference with alpha-amylase genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Nemoto, Takashi; Maruyama, Jun-ichi; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko

2009-11-01

Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 has three alpha-amylase genes (amyA, amyB, and amyC), and secretes alpha-amylase abundantly. However, large amounts of endogenous secretory proteins such as alpha-amylase can compete with heterologous protein in the secretory pathway and decrease its production yields. In this study, we examined the effects of suppression of alpha-amylase on heterologous protein production in A. oryzae, using the bovine chymosin (CHY) as a reporter heterologous protein. The three alpha-amylase genes in A. oryzae have nearly identical DNA sequences from those promoters to the coding regions. Hence we performed silencing of alpha-amylase genes by RNA interference (RNAi) in the A. oryzae CHY producing strain. The silenced strains exhibited a reduction in alpha-amylase activity and an increase in CHY production in the culture medium. This result suggests that suppression of alpha-amylase is effective in heterologous protein production in A. oryzae.

Loss of long term protection with the inclusion of HIV pol to a DNA vaccine encoding gag.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrod, Tamsin J; Gargett, Tessa; Yu, Wenbo; Major, Lee; Burrell, Christopher J; Wesselingh, Steven; Suhrbier, Andreas; Grubor-Bauk, Branka; Gowans, Eric J

2014-11-04

Traditional vaccine strategies that induce antibody responses have failed to protect against HIV infection in clinical trials, and thus cell-mediated immunity is now an additional criterion. Recent clinical trials that aimed to induce strong T cell responses failed to do so. Therefore, to enhance induction of protective T cell responses, it is crucial that the optimum antigen combination is chosen. Limited research has been performed into the number of antigens selected for an HIV vaccine. This study aimed to compare DNA vaccines encoding either a single HIV antigen or a combination of two antigens, using intradermal vaccination of C57BL/6 mice. Immune assays were performed on splenocytes, and in vivo protection was examined by challenge with a chimeric virus, EcoHIV, able to infect mouse but not human leukocytes, at 10 days (short term) and 60 days (long term) post final vaccination. At 60 days there was significantly lower frequency of induced antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in the spleens of pCMVgag-pol-vaccinated mice compared with mice which received pCMVgag only. Most importantly, short term viral control of EcoHIV was similar for pCMVgag and pCMVgag-pol-vaccinated mice at day 10, but only the pCMVgag-vaccinated significantly controlled EcoHIV at day 60 compared with pCMV-vaccinated mice, showing that control was reduced with the inclusion of the HIV pol gene. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cambio político y Poder Judicial en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Báez Silva

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Las características básicas del régimen político mexicano (presidencialismo, partido hegemónico, corporativismo, reformismo y ausencia de "Estado de derecho" fueron alteradas o han comenzadoa ser modificadas. Dentro de la transición, el poder Judicial, o mejor dicho, los poderes judiciales, parecían convidados de piedra. Sin embargo, se sostiene que la pasividad de los poderes judiciales, y en especial de la Suprema Corte, es resultado de la posición que ésta tenía en el antiguo régimen; al cambiar las características del régimen, los poderes judiciales, y en especial la Suprema Corte, adquieren un nuevo estatus en la vida política nacional, y deja de ser un "objeto" del cambio, para convertirse en un "sujeto", del mismo, es decir, la Corte se convierte en un actor muy importante en los cambios políticos, pues con sus decisiones moldea o perfila el nuevo régimen político.

Mujeres políticas y medios de comunicación: recomendaciones para una representación no sexista de las mujeres políticas en los medios de comunicación

OpenAIRE

Fernández García, Nuria

2012-01-01

Son diversos los estudios que han analizado la representación de las mujeres políticas en los medios de comunicación y han hallado una cobertura sesgada de éstas. Esta diferencia en la representación de las mujeres políticas se puede encontrar en una menor cantidad de cobertura, una mayor presencia de temas personales (imagen, físico, estado civil, familia) en detrimento de una cobertura sobre su posicionamiento político, enfatizando su género como una anomalía en el ámbito político, relacion...

File list: Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Brain [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Brain mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Brain SRX236085,ERX132833,SRX01708...2,SRX680480,SRX020249 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Brain.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Brain [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Brain mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Brain SRX236085,ERX132833,SRX01708...2,SRX680480,SRX020249 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Brain.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Brain [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Brain mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Brain SRX236085,ERX132833,SRX01708...2,SRX680480,SRX020249 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Brain.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Brain [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Brain mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Brain SRX236085,ERX132833,SRX01708...2,SRX680480,SRX020249 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Brain.bed ...

Un Análisis sobre las Políticas de Integración Productiva en el MERCOSUR

OpenAIRE

Botto, Mercedes Isabel; Molinari, Andrea

2016-01-01

En los últimos años, el MERCOSUR comenzó a plantear la integración productiva como política regional (IPR), incorporando a las PyMEs en el centro de la escena. Luego de comparar con la experiencia de otros bloques (NAFTA, ASEAN, UE), este trabajo analiza los (aunque aún escasos) avances de las iniciativas sectoriales de IPR. Las (varias) propuestas e iniciativas de IPR entre PyMEs han sido muchas y de distintos orígenes y sectores, con la mayoría apuntando a encadenamientos verticales entre u...

Excision of foreign gene product with cathepsin D in chicken hepatoma cell line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Masaharu; Kawashima, Tsuyoshi; Aosasa, Masayoshi; Horiuchi, Hiroyuki; Furusawa, Shuichi; Matsuda, Haruo

2005-01-01

To easily and rapidly recover exogenous gene products from chicken egg yolk, we constructed pVTG-catD (VTG, vitellogenin; catD, cathepsin D), a vector cassette carrying two catD-recognition signal peptides (catD-RSPs) in addition to the cloning site. An enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-encoding DNA fragment was ligated into the pVTG-catD. When the resultant construct pVTG-EGFP-catD containing histidine- and myc-tags was transfected into the chicken hepatoma cell line LMH, EGFP-expression at 24 h post-cultivation was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Because a signal peptide (NTVLAEF) encoded in pVTG-EGFP-catD is recognized by catD, the VTG-EGFP fusion protein digested with catD was detectable by Western blotting. Digested exogenous gene product was recovered with nickel resin. These results indicate that catD-recognition sites bearing pVTG-catD and His-tags are functional in chicken LMH cells. Therefore, the system described here may be of use in making excision exogenous gene products in the chicken and in creating homozygous knock-in chickens

Desfasajes: entre la historieta y la política.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Palacios, Cristian

2012-01-01

Full Text Available [es] El concepto de desfase acuñado por la Teoría de los discursos sociales de Eliseo Verón en los años setenta quiere dar cuenta de un aspecto esencial de dicha teoría, es decir, la diferencia que se produce en la circulación del sentido entre la producción y el reconocimiento; viene aquí a ilustrar un caso particular de indeterminación constitutiva de un discurso conflictivo: la segunda versión de la historieta El Eternauta de Hector Germán Oesterheld, con dibujos de Alberto Breccia. Publicado en el semanario Gente en 1969, este experimento de historieta política en un medio que le era naturalmente adverso, inserta en el argumento de la primera versión una serie de lecciones de política aleccionadora, extrañas no sólo a la revista sino también al arte de Breccia que llegará a ser cuestionado por el mismo editor y que derivará en la suspensión de la publicación. Nos proponemos analizar este episodio de “fracaso” en la búsqueda de hacer conducir un mensaje político determinado en un medio de comunicación de masas – reconocido además por su frivolidad - y extraer algunas conclusiones sobre las formas de circulación del sentido en los discursos políticos de los años 60 y 70. [en] The notion of gap coined by the Social Discourses Theory of Eliseo Veron in the seventies wants to show an essential aspect of this theory: the difference between production and recognition in the spread of meaning; illustrated here a particular case of constitutive indeterminacy of a controversial discourse: the second version of El Eternauta by Hector German Oesterheld and Alberto Breccia. This comic published in the weekly popular magazine Gente in 1969 is a rare experiment of political graphic novel in a media that was hostile to its convictions. It inserts in the plot of the original version a series of politics instructive lessons, stranges not only to the magazine but to the art of Breccia, who will be questioned by the editor

O desafio político do desenvolvimento sustentado

OpenAIRE

Guimarães,Roberto P.

1995-01-01

A unanimidade que hoje parece haver em favor do desenvolvimento sustentado contrasta com a ausência de iniciativas políticas significativas para transformar as instituições econômicas, sociais e políticas que estão comprometidas com o estilo vigente de desenvolvimento. Em particular, há uma patente contradição entre o discurso antiestatista hegemônico e as exigências do desenvolvimento sustentado, que incluem um Estado ainda mais forte, em suas capacidades reguladoras e de planificação, que o...

Associations between variants of the HAL gene and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Haifei; Jiang, Li; Wang, Wenwen; Zhang, Shengli; Yin, Zongjun; Zhang, Qin; Liu, Jian-Feng

2014-11-25

The histidine ammonia-lyse gene (HAL) encodes the histidine ammonia-lyase, which catalyzes the first reaction of histidine catabolism. In our previous genome-wide association study in Chinese Holstein cows to identify genetic variants affecting milk production traits, a SNP (rs41647754) located 357 bp upstream of HAL, was found to be significantly associated with milk yield and milk protein yield. In addition, the HAL gene resides within the reported QTLs for milk production traits. The aims of this study were to identify genetic variants in HAL and to test the association between these variants and milk production traits. Fifteen SNPs were identified within the regions under study of the HAL gene, including three coding mutations, seven intronic mutations, one promoter region mutation, and four 3'UTR mutations. Nine of these identified SNPs were chosen for subsequent genotyping and association analyses. Our results showed that five SNP markers (ss974768522, ss974768525, ss974768531, ss974768533 and ss974768534) were significantly associated with one or more milk production traits. Haplotype analysis showed that two haplotype blocks were significantly associated with milk yield and milk protein yield, providing additional support for the association between HAL variants and milk production traits in dairy cows (P HAL gene and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows, indicating the potential role of HAL variants in these traits. These identified SNPs may serve as genetic markers used in genomic selection schemes to accelerate the genetic gains of milk production traits in dairy cattle.

Políticas del Estado en Relación con los Estudiantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Casanova Cardiel

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Las políticas educativas implementadas en México a partir de los años setenta, se han caracterizado por la poca preocupación e interés por parte del Estado en la educación. Es evidente el atraso del país en este sentido y las carencias por las que atraviesa el sistema educativo nacional, debido a políticas gubernamentales que responden únicamente a intereses particulares de cada gobierno y no dan solución a las verdaderas demandas sociales, ocasionando con ello, políticas educativas poco homogéneas y como sucede frecuentemente en México sin continuidad es decir que se abandonan al finalizar cada sexenio para implementar nuevas políticas que no progresan. Es necesario establecer políticas adecuadas al sistema mexicano, que den respuesta a las demandas de la creciente y más demandante población en el país, que se rediseñen planes y programas educativos y sobre todo que exista la planeación y seguimiento de estos.

Characterization, expression profiles, intracellular distribution and association analysis of porcine PNAS-4 gene with production traits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wang Heng

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In a previous screen to identify differentially expressed genes associated with embryonic development, the porcine PNAS-4 gene had been found. Considering differentially expressed genes in early stages of muscle development are potential candidate genes to improve meat quality and production efficiency, we determined how porcine PNAS-4 gene regulates meat production. Therefore, this gene has been sequenced, expression analyzed and associated with meat production traits. Results We cloned the full-length cDNA of porcine PNAS-4 gene encoding a protein of 194 amino acids which was expressed in the Golgi complex. This gene was mapped to chromosome 10, q11–16, in a region of conserved synteny with human chromosome 1 where the human homologous gene was localized. Real-time PCR revealed that PNAS-4 mRNA was widely expressed with highest expression levels in skeletal muscle followed by lymph, liver and other tissues, and showed a down-regulated expression pattern during prenatal development while a up-regulated expression pattern after weaning. Association analysis revealed that allele C of SNP A1813C was prevalent in Chinese indigenous breeds whereas A was dominant allele in Landrace and Large White, and the pigs with homozygous CC had a higher fat content than those of the pigs with other genotypes (P Conclusion Porcine PNAS-4 protein tagged with green fluorescent protein accumulated in the Golgi complex, and its mRNA showed a widespread expression across many tissues and organs in pigs. It may be an important factor affecting the meat production efficiency, because its down-regulated expression pattern during early embryogenesis suggests involvement in increase of muscle fiber number. In addition, the SNP A1813C associated with fat traits might be a genetic marker for molecular-assisted selection in animal breeding.

Política y políticos en la Región Andina: Significados de la democracia y confianza institucional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Enrique Guzmán Mendoza

2010-01-01

de los lineamientos teóricos y metodológicos que amparan el estudio de las mismas, así como de los que se preocupan por las instituciones en las que éstas se insertan, se dará respuesta a los interrogantes arriba señalados. Incorporando, de paso, el papel que la élite política andina juega, con sus valoraciones, en la consolidación democrática de la región. Rol que se evidencia en su opinión, actitud y valoración hacia los objetos políticos.

File list: Pol.Gon.10.AllAg.Testis [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Gon.10.AllAg.Testis mm9 RNA polymerase Gonad Testis SRX349391,SRX112975,SRX1437...96,SRX237511,SRX237510,SRX244355 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Gon.10.AllAg.Testis.bed ...

File list: Pol.Gon.05.AllAg.Testis [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Gon.05.AllAg.Testis mm9 RNA polymerase Gonad Testis SRX349391,SRX112975,SRX1437...96,SRX237511,SRX244355,SRX237510 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Gon.05.AllAg.Testis.bed ...

File list: Pol.Gon.20.AllAg.Testis [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Gon.20.AllAg.Testis mm9 RNA polymerase Gonad Testis SRX349391,SRX112975,SRX1437...96,SRX237511,SRX237510,SRX244355 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Gon.20.AllAg.Testis.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cerebellum [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cerebellum mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cerebellum SRX062952,SRX14381...7,SRX026426,SRX026423,SRX026425,SRX026424 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cerebellum.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cerebellum [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cerebellum mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cerebellum SRX062952,SRX14381...7,SRX026426,SRX026425,SRX026424,SRX026423 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cerebellum.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cerebellum [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cerebellum mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cerebellum SRX062952,SRX14381...7,SRX026424,SRX026426,SRX026423,SRX026425 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cerebellum.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cerebellum [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cerebellum mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cerebellum SRX062952,SRX14381...7,SRX026426,SRX026423,SRX026425,SRX026424 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cerebellum.bed ...

Quantum synchronization of quantum van der Pol oscillators with trapped ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Tony E; Sadeghpour, H R

2013-12-06

The van der Pol oscillator is the prototypical self-sustained oscillator and has been used to model nonlinear behavior in biological and other classical processes. We investigate how quantum fluctuations affect phase locking of one or many van der Pol oscillators. We find that phase locking is much more robust in the quantum model than in the equivalent classical model. Trapped-ion experiments are ideally suited to simulate van der Pol oscillators in the quantum regime via sideband heating and cooling of motional modes. We provide realistic experimental parameters for 171Yb+ achievable with current technology.

Comunicación política y gestión gubernamental

OpenAIRE

Gómez, Claudio Reynaldo

2003-01-01

La comunicación de los gobiernos ha sido objeto de análisis en diversos textos, escritos, en general, por profesionales que se desempeñan en áreas vinculadas a la comunicación político-institucional o que se dedican al marketing político. Básicamente, esos textos son el producto de la experiencia en determinadas campañas políticas o publicitarias y su razón de ser es orientar a líderes y comunicadores sobre estrategias de comunicación. Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social...

Impact of nitrogen concentration on validamycin A production and related gene transcription in fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 5008.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Zhen-Hua; Bai, Linquan; Deng, Zixin; Zhong, Jian-Jiang

2012-09-01

Validamycin A (VAL-A) is an important and widely used agricultural antibiotic. In this study, statistical screening designs were applied to identify significant medium variables for VAL-A production and to find their optimal levels. The optimized medium caused 70% enhancement of VAL-A production. The difference between optimized medium and original medium suggested that low nitrogen source level might attribute to the enhancement of VAL-A production. The addition of different nitrogen sources to the optimized medium inhibited VAL-A production, which confirmed the importance of nitrogen concentration for VAL-A production. Furthermore, differences in structural gene transcription and enzyme activity between the two media were assayed. The results showed that lower nitrogen level in the optimized medium could regulate VAL-A production in gene transcriptional level. Our previous study indicated that the transcription of VAL-A structural genes could be enhanced at elevated temperature. In this work, the increased fermentation temperature from 37 to 42 °C with the optimized medium enhanced VAL-A production by 39%, which testified to the importance of structural gene transcription in VAL-A production. The information is useful for further VAL-A production enhancement.

Governança global e transferência de política: influências do Protocolo de Cartagena na Política Nacional de Biossegurança Gobernanza global y transferencia de la política: influencias del Protocolo de Cartagena en la Política Nacional de Bioseguridad Global governance and transfer policy: influences of the Cartagena Protocol on Brazilian National Policy on Biosafety

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuna Fontoura

2013-02-01

Full Text Available No contexto de governança global, analisamos o tema da transferência de política, no qual a formulação de políticas públicas é influenciada por experiências de contextos políticos diferentes. Neste sentido, questionamos de que forma o Protocolo de Cartagena influenciou a formulação da Política Nacional de Biossegurança (PNB. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com respondentes qualificados, que atuaram direta ou indiretamente na formulação da PNB. No tratamento dos dados adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da utilização da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que houve transferência de política no formato de aprendizado (ou lesson drawing do Protocolo de Cartagena à PNB.En el contexto de la gobernancia global, se analiza el tema de la política de transferencia, en que la formulación de la política pública está influenciada por las experiencias de los diferentes contextos políticos. En este sentido, nos preguntamos cómo el Protocolo de Cartagena ha influido en la formulación de la Política Nacional de Bioseguridad (PNB. La investigación empírica se realizó a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con informantes calificados, que trabajaban directa o indirectamente en la formulación de la PNB. En el procesamiento de los datos seguimos un enfoque cualitativo, a través del uso de análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que ocorre una política de transferencia en la forma de aprendizaje (o lesson drawing del Protocolo de Cartagena sobre PNB.In the context of global governance, we analyze the topic of policy transfer in which the formulation of public policies is influenced by experiences of different political contexts. Thus, we question how the Cartagena Protocol influenced the formulation of the Brazilian National Biosafety Policy (PNB. The empirical research was accomplished through semi-structured interviews with qualified respondents who

FHC: o intelectual como político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celso Lafer

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo parte do exame dos múltiplos papéis que nas sociedades contemporâneas os intelectuais desempenham na vida política. Aponta a tendência à imperícia no trato da realidade política por parte dos intelectuais no exercício do poder. Neste contexto, discute-se como e por que FHC é um raro caso de um intelectual bem-sucedido na vida política de um país complexo, de escala continental, com as características do Brasil contemporâneo. Aquilata-se, finalmente, a maneira pela qual FHC conjugou teoria e experiência nos seus juízos políticos perante as especificidades das conjunturas com as quais lidou na presidência e como combinou, na sua liderança, a dimensão da mudança e da pacificação, tendo sempre presente o "quadro mental" e o sentido de direção da sua visão intelectual.The point of departure of the article is a discussion of the social roles intellectuals play in the political life of modern societies. Subsequently an analysis of the difficulties that intellectuals tend to have, when exercising power, in dealing with political realities is presented. In this context the article discusses the why and the how FHC is a rare case of a successful intellectual in the politics of a complex democratic country, of continental dimension, with the specificities of contemporary Brazil. The association of theory and experience in the political judgment of FHC in dealing with the realities he faced as President is explored as well as his style of leadership that blended change and pacification, always bearing in mind the sense of direction of his outlook as an intellectual.

Jóvenes en partidos políticos de La Plata. Una mirada sobre los estudios de los jóvenes y la práctica política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Mutuverria

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 El presente informe manifiesta los recorridos teóricos iniciales de la tesis doctoral “Jóvenes en partidos políticos tradicionales en la región La Plata”, que se propone indagar cuál es la construcción de subjetividad, prácticas y trayectorias de los y las jóvenes pertenecientes a partidos políticos tradicionales argentinos en la ciudad de La Plata. En este sentido, el artículo refleja un mapeo en el campo de los estudios que relacionan a los jóvenes con la política (y el rol de los jóvenes en partidos políticos con las primeras consideraciones del tesista para avanzar con el análisis en sus lógicas de acción partidarias, como parte de grupalidades con disputas de poder, y en clave reflexiva sobre condiciones de género y clase en vínculo con lo etáreo al interior de los propios partidos políticos.

Redes de política y participación: el diseño de la política pública de salud sexual y reproductiva en Ecuador.

OpenAIRE

Cifuentes Ruiz, Danny Gilberto

2016-01-01

Entre las preocupaciones de los Gobiernos a través de los años, se encuentran la salud sexual y reproductiva, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, violencia de género y, de manera especial en Ecuador, el embarazo adolescente. El presente estudio denominado Redes de política y participación: el diseño de la política pública de salud sexual y reproductiva en Ecuador buscar identificar la influencia de la participación de actores no estatales en el diseño de la política pública de salud sexual y ...

File list: Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_palates [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_palates mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic palates http...://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_palates.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_palates [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_palates mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic palates http...://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_palates.bed ...

File list: Pol.Bld.20.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Bld.20.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes hg19 RNA polymerase Blood Polymorphonuclear... leukocytes http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Bld.20.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.Bld.50.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Bld.50.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes hg19 RNA polymerase Blood Polymorphonuclear... leukocytes http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Bld.50.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.Bld.05.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Bld.05.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes hg19 RNA polymerase Blood Polymorphonuclear... leukocytes http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Bld.05.AllAg.Polymorphonuclear_leukocytes.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons dm3 RNA polymerase Adult Octopaminergic neurons... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons dm3 RNA polymerase Adult Octopaminergic neurons... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.50.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.50.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons dm3 RNA polymerase Adult Octopaminergic neurons... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Adl.50.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons dm3 RNA polymerase Adult Octopaminergic neurons... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Octopaminergic_neurons.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Atrioventicular canals... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Atrioventicular canals... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Atrioventicular canals... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals mm9 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Atrioventicular canals... http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Atrioventicular_canals.bed ...

Dairy Product Consumption Interacts with Glucokinase (GCK Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Insulin Resistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marine S. Da Silva

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Dairy product intake and a person’s genetic background have been reported to be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between dairy products and genes related to T2D on glucose-insulin homeostasis parameters. A validated food frequency questionnaire, fasting blood samples, and glucokinase (GCK genotypes were analyzed in 210 healthy participants. An interaction between rs1799884 in GCK and dairy intake on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was identified. Secondly, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 were grown in a high-glucose medium and incubated with either 1-dairy proteins: whey, caseins, and a mixture of whey and casein; and 2-four amino acids (AA or mixtures of AA. The expression of GCK-related genes insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1 and fatty acid synthase (FASN was increased with whey protein isolate or hydrolysate. Individually, leucine increased IRS-1 expression, whereas isoleucine and valine decreased FASN expression. A branched-chain AA mixture decreased IRS-1 and FASN expression. In conclusion, carriers of the A allele for rs1799884 in the GCK gene may benefit from a higher intake of dairy products to maintain optimal insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the results show that whey proteins affect the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism.

Controlling optics contamination at the PolLux STXM

Science.gov (United States)

Watts, B.; Pilet, N.; Sarafimov, B.; Witte, K.; Raabe, J.

2018-04-01

Contamination of X-ray mirror surfaces by carbon is a common issue that can significantly degrade the optical performance of the instrument. The effects can be severe at photon energies near the carbon K-edge (ca. 300 eV), where the X-rays are strongly attenuated, but also significant at higher photon energies where the carbon coating affects the reflectivity and surface shape of the mirrors. [1] The Swiss Light Source has typically relied on in-situ plasma cleaning to control mirror contamination and the PolLux scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) beamline has also been employing further contamination reduction strategies in recent years. In particular, in 2014 we installed a 1×10‑8 mbar background pressure of O2 on the PolLux first mirror chamber. We present a history of efforts to control optical contamination at the PolLux beamline and report on the observed efficiencies of the different processes employed both for the in-vacuum optics and critical components of the frequently vented STXM experiment chamber.

File list: Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Endocardial_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Endocardial_cells hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Endocardial c...ells http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Endocardial_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Endocardial_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Endocardial_cells hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Endocardial c...ells http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Endocardial_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Endocardial_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Endocardial_cells hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Endocardial c...ells http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.20.AllAg.Endocardial_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Endocardial_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Endocardial_cells hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Endocardial c...ells http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Endocardial_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Kid.20.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Kid.20.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample hg19 RNA polymerase Kidney Nephrectomy sample h...ttp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Kid.20.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample.bed ...

File list: Pol.Kid.10.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Kid.10.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample hg19 RNA polymerase Kidney Nephrectomy sample h...ttp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Kid.10.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample.bed ...

File list: Pol.Kid.05.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Kid.05.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample hg19 RNA polymerase Kidney Nephrectomy sample h...ttp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Kid.05.AllAg.Nephrectomy_sample.bed ...

File list: Pol.Liv.50.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Liv.50.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular mm9 RNA polymerase Liver Carcinoma, Hepa...tocellular http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Liv.50.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular.bed ...

File list: Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular mm9 RNA polymerase Liver Carcinoma, Hepa...tocellular http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Liv.10.AllAg.Carcinoma,_Hepatocellular.bed ...

File list: Pol.Lng.10.AllAg.Lung_adenocarcinoma [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Lng.10.AllAg.Lung_adenocarcinoma mm9 RNA polymerase Lung Lung adenocarcinoma ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Lng.10.AllAg.Lung_adenocarcinoma.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Carotid Arteri...es http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.10.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Carotid Arteri...es http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.05.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries.bed ...

File list: Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries hg19 RNA polymerase Cardiovascular Carotid Arteri...es http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.CDV.50.AllAg.Carotid_Arteries.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic pancreas ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic pancreas ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic pancreas ht...tp://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_pancreas.bed ...

Improving the Safety of Cell Therapy Products by Suicide Gene Transfer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio eDi Stasi

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Adoptive T-cell therapy can involve donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the administration of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs expanded ex-vivo, or more recently the use of T cell receptor (TCR or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR redirected T cells. However cellular therapies can pose significant risks, including graft-versus-host-disease and other on and off-target effects, and therefore strategies need to be implemented to permanently reverse any sign of toxicity. A suicide gene is a genetically encoded molecule that allows selective destruction of adoptively transferred cells. Suicide gene addition to cellular therapeutic products can lead to selective ablation of gene-modified cells, preventing collateral damage to contiguous cells and/or tissues. The ‘ideal’ suicide gene would ensure the safety of gene modified cellular applications by granting irreversible elimination of ‘all’ and ‘only’ the cells responsible for the unwanted toxicity. This review presents the suicide gene safety systems reported to date, with a focus on the state-of-the-art and potential applications regarding two of the most extensively validated suicide genes, including the clinical setting: herpes-simplex-thymidine-kinase (HSV-TK and inducible-caspase-9 (iCasp9.

Pasiones políticas e imperialismo : la polémica entre Ginés de Sepúlveda y Bartolomé de las Casas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Chaparro

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Durante siglos el «amor» se ha venido considerando una virtud política, sostenedora de la vida comunitaria y fuente de la solidaridad social. Como tal, se trata de una pasión que se encuentra en la base de los sistemas simbólicos del pensamiento político occidental, si bien hoy, pasiones y política parecen dos conceptos alejados entre sí No obstante, en un mundo en vías de globalización resurgen con fuerza términos como solidaridad o cooperación, conceptos que implican una buena dosis de «amor político». El objeto de este trabajo es recurrir al ejemplo histórico como una buena manera de señalar los riesgos y limitaciones de esta estrategia. Así, en él se analizan los debates suscitados en el siglo xvi en torno a la forma correcta de cristianizar a las sociedades indígenas americanas a través de la polémica entre el «universalismo benevolente» de Bartolomé de las Casas y la idea de «cruzada como acto de amor» de Ginés de Sepúlveda. Esta polémica histórica resulta ser un magnifico ejemplo de la disputa en torno a la correcta utilización de las «pasiones políticas».For centuries, «love» as been a political virtue enhancing communitarism and social solidarity. As such, it as been a passion we find in the basis of the symbolic systems of wesern political thought, though nowadays passions and politics seem to be different realities. Nevertheless, in a worid in which globalization process take place, concepts based on «political love» like solidarity or cooperation recover their original force. The aim of this study is to appeal to an historical example to show the risks and limits of certain kinds of globalization strategies. This article is about the debates that took place in the sixteenth century, when jurists and theologians had to decide which was the right way of christianizing american natives. The historical debate between Bartolomé dse las Casas and his concept of «benevolent universalism» and Gines

Clustering pesticides according to their molecular properties and their impacts by considering additional ecotoxicological parameters in the TyPol method

Science.gov (United States)

Traore, Harouna; Crouzet, Olivier; Mamy, Laure; Sireyjol, Christine; Rossard, Virginie; Servien, Remy; Latrille, Eric; Benoit, Pierre

2017-04-01

The understanding of the fate of pesticides and their environmental impacts largely relies on their molecular properties. We recently developed 'TyPol' (Typology of Pollutants), a clustering method based on statistical analyses combining several environmental endpoints (i.e. environmental parameters such as sorption coefficient, degradation half-life) and one ecotoxicological one (bioconcentration factor), and structural molecular descriptors (number of atoms in the molecule, molecular surface, dipole moment, energy of orbitals…). TyPol has been conceived on the available knowledge on QSAR of a wide diversity of organic compounds (Mamy et al., 2015). This approach also allows to focus on transformation products present in different clusters and to infer possible changes in environmental fate consecutively to different degradation processes (Servien et al., 2014; Benoit et al., 2016). The initial version of TyPol did not include any ecotoxicological parameters except the bioconcentration factor (BCF), which informs more on the transfer along the trophic chain rather than on the effects on non-target organisms. The objective was to implement the TyPol database with a data set of ecotoxicological data concerning pesticides and several aquatic and terrestrial organisms, in order to test the possibility to extend TyPol to ecotoxicological effects on various organisms. The data analysis (available literature and databases) revealed that relevant ecotoxicological endpoints for terrestrial organisms such as soil microorganisms and macroinvertebrates are lacking compared to aquatic organisms. We have added seven parameters for acute (EC50, LC50) and chronic (NOEC) toxicological effects for the following organisms: Daphnia, Algae, Lemna and Earthworm. In this new configuration, TyPol was used to classify about 45 pesticides in different behavioural and ecotoxicity clusters. The clustering results were analyzed to reveals relationships between molecular descriptors

Gene Expression of Lytic Endopeptidases AlpA and AlpB from Lysobacter sp. XL1 in Pseudomonads.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsfasman, Irina M; Lapteva, Yulia S; Krasovskaya, Ludmila A; Kudryakova, Irina V; Vasilyeva, Natalia V; Granovsky, Igor E; Stepnaya, Olga A

2015-01-01

Development of an efficient expression system for (especially secreted) bacterial lytic enzymes is a complicated task due to the specificity of their action. The substrate for such enzymes is peptidoglycan, the main structural component of bacterial cell walls. For this reason, expression of recombinant lytic proteins is often accompanied with lysis of the producing bacterium. This paper presents data on the construction of an inducible system for expression of the lytic peptidases AlpA and AlpB from Lysobacter sp. XL1 in Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87, which provides for the successful secretion of these proteins into the culture liquid. In this system, the endopeptidase gene under control of the T7lac promoter was integrated into the bacterial chromosome, as well as the Escherichia coli lactose operon repressor protein gene. The T7 pol gene under lac promoter control, which encodes the phage T7 RNA polymerase, is maintained in Pseudomonas cells on the plasmids. Media and cultivation conditions for the recombinant strains were selected to enable the production of AlpA and AlpB by a simple purification protocol. Production of recombinant lytic enzymes should contribute to the development of new-generation antimicrobial drugs whose application will not be accompanied by selection of resistant microorganisms. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

X-ray polarimetry with the Polarization Spectroscopic Telescope Array (PolSTAR)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krawczynski, Henric S.; Stern, Daniel; Harrison, Fiona A.

2016-01-01

This paper describes the Polarization Spectroscopic Telescope Array (PolSTAR), a mission proposed to NASA's 2014 Small Explorer (SMEX) announcement of opportunity. PolSTAR measures the linear polarization of 3-50 keV (requirement; goal: 2.5-70 keV) X-rays probing the behavior of matter,radiation ...

Stress induction of Bm1 RNA in silkworm larvae: SINEs, an unusual class of stress genes

Science.gov (United States)

Kimura, Richard H.; Choudary, Prabhakara V.; Stone, Koni K.; Schmid, Carl W.

2001-01-01

This study surveys the induction of RNA polymerase III (Pol III)–directed expression of short interspersed element (SINE) transcripts by various stresses in an animal model, silkworm larvae. Sublethal heat shock and exposure to several toxic compounds increase the level of Bm1 RNA, the silkworm SINE transcript, while also transiently increasing expression of a well-characterized stress-induced transcript, Hsp70 messenger RNA (mRNA). In certain cases, the Bm1 RNA response coincides with that of Hsp70 mRNA, but more often Bm1 RNA responds later in recovery. Baculovirus infection and exposure to certain toxic compounds increase Bm1 RNA but not Hsp70 mRNA, showing that SINE induction is not necessarily coupled to transcription of this particular heat shock gene. SINEs behave as an additional class of stress-inducible genes in living animals but are unusual as stress genes because of their high copy number, genomic dispersion, and Pol III–directed transcription. PMID:11599568

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Neuronal_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Neuronal_cells dm3 RNA polymerase Embryo Neuronal cells SRX110756 ...http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Neuronal_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Neuronal_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Neuronal_cells dm3 RNA polymerase Embryo Neuronal cells SRX110756 ...http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Neuronal_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Neuronal_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Neuronal_cells dm3 RNA polymerase Embryo Neuronal cells SRX110756 ...http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Neuronal_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Neuronal_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Neuronal_cells dm3 RNA polymerase Embryo Neuronal cells SRX110756 ...http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Neuronal_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_villus [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_villus mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestinal vi...llus http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_villus.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestine,_Small [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestine,_Small hg19 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestine, Sm...all http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestine,_Small.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestine,_Small [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestine,_Small hg19 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestine, Sm...all http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestine,_Small.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestinal_crypt [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestinal_crypt mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestinal cry...pt http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.10.AllAg.Intestinal_crypt.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestine,_Small [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestine,_Small hg19 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestine, Sm...all http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/hg19/assembled/Pol.Dig.20.AllAg.Intestine,_Small.bed ...

File list: Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_adenoma [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_adenoma mm9 RNA polymerase Digestive tract Intestinal a...denoma http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Dig.50.AllAg.Intestinal_adenoma.bed ...

The Canonical Immediate Early 3 Gene Product pIE611 of Mouse Cytomegalovirus Is Dispensable for Viral Replication but Mediates Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Viral Gene Products.

Science.gov (United States)

Rattay, Stephanie; Trilling, Mirko; Megger, Dominik A; Sitek, Barbara; Meyer, Helmut E; Hengel, Hartmut; Le-Trilling, Vu Thuy Khanh

2015-08-01

Transcription of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate early ie1 and ie3 is controlled by the major immediate early promoter/enhancer (MIEP) and requires differential splicing. Based on complete loss of genome replication of an MCMV mutant carrying a deletion of the ie3-specific exon 5, the multifunctional IE3 protein (611 amino acids; pIE611) is considered essential for viral replication. Our analysis of ie3 transcription resulted in the identification of novel ie3 isoforms derived from alternatively spliced ie3 transcripts. Construction of an IE3-hemagglutinin (IE3-HA) virus by insertion of an in-frame HA epitope sequence allowed detection of the IE3 isoforms in infected cells, verifying that the newly identified transcripts code for proteins. This prompted the construction of an MCMV mutant lacking ie611 but retaining the coding capacity for the newly identified isoforms ie453 and ie310. Using Δie611 MCMV, we demonstrated the dispensability of the canonical ie3 gene product pIE611 for viral replication. To determine the role of pIE611 for viral gene expression during MCMV infection in an unbiased global approach, we used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to delineate pIE611-dependent changes of the MCMV proteome. Interestingly, further analysis revealed transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional regulation of MCMV gene products by pIE611. Cytomegaloviruses are pathogenic betaherpesviruses persisting in a lifelong latency from which reactivation can occur under conditions of immunosuppression, immunoimmaturity, or inflammation. The switch from latency to reactivation requires expression of immediate early genes. Therefore, understanding of immediate early gene regulation might add insights into viral pathogenesis. The mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate early 3 protein (611 amino acids; pIE611) is considered essential for viral replication. The identification of novel protein isoforms derived from alternatively spliced ie3 transcripts prompted

Manufaturando dissidência: performance e política em the Noam Chomsky Lectures Manufaturando dissidência: performance e política em the Noam Chomsky Lectures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonia Torres

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio discute a peça The Noam Chomsky Lectures, escrita e encenada pelos atores canadenses Guillermo Verdecchia e Daniel Brooks. Concebida como um “workshop perpétuo”, a obra dos dois autores/atores, em forma de “palestra” sobre a obra do conhecido intelectual Noam Chomsky, aponta para o político enquanto necessidade do dia-a-dia, ou política como “performatividade”, e encena/ensina como resistir à “manufatura do consentimento”. Através de uma forma original de fazer teatro político, a dupla de atores/personagens desenvolve uma maneira alternativa de alertar a platéia para o bombardeio gradual e uniforme da informação, cujos conteúdos são filtrados e homogeneizados, em detrimento das políticas de diversidade do mundo atual, e desconstrói as “ilusões necessárias” do povo canadense, de não-cumplicidade com este modelo. Palavras-chaves: performance e mídia; teatro político; teatro didático; “manufatura do consentimento”; “ilusões necessárias”; EUA e Canadá; política externa. This essay discusses The Chomsky Lectures, written and performed by Guillermo Verdecchia and Daniel Brooks. Conceived as a “perpetual workshop”, and structured around “lectures” on Chomsky’s ideas, the play endeavors to point to the political as an everyday necessity, or to politics as performativity, acting out/teaching how to resist the manufacture of consent. Through this form of political theater, the Canadian duo develops an alternative way to alert the audience to the gradual and uniform bombardment of information, whose filtered and homogenized contents are detrimental do contemporary policies of diversity, at the same time that they deconstruct the Canadian citizens’ “necessary illusions” about their role vis-a-vis this model.

File list: Pol.PSC.20.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.PSC.20.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies mm9 RNA polymerase Pluripotent stem cell Embryoid Bodie...s http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.PSC.20.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies.bed ...

File list: Pol.PSC.50.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.PSC.50.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies mm9 RNA polymerase Pluripotent stem cell Embryoid Bodie...s http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.PSC.50.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies.bed ...

File list: Pol.PSC.05.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.PSC.05.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies mm9 RNA polymerase Pluripotent stem cell Embryoid Bodie...s http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.PSC.05.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies.bed ...

File list: Pol.PSC.10.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.PSC.10.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies mm9 RNA polymerase Pluripotent stem cell Embryoid Bodie...s http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.PSC.10.AllAg.Embryoid_Bodies.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_heart [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_heart mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic heart SRX11293...9 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryonic_heart.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_heart [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_heart mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic heart SRX11293...9 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryonic_heart.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_heart [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_heart mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic heart SRX11293...9 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryonic_heart.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryobic_liver [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryobic_liver mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryobic liver SRX11295...1 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Embryobic_liver.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryobic_liver [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryobic_liver mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryobic liver SRX11295...1 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.05.AllAg.Embryobic_liver.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryobic_liver [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryobic_liver mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryobic liver SRX11295...1 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryobic_liver.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryobic_liver [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryobic_liver mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryobic liver SRX11295...1 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Embryobic_liver.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryonic_heart [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryonic_heart mm9 RNA polymerase Embryo Embryonic heart SRX11293...9 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Embryonic_heart.bed ...

¿De qué Ciencia Política estamos hablando? Las potencialidades de un enfoque integrador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrián Restrepo Parra

Full Text Available El artículo propone comprender la producción de conocimiento sobre los fenómenos políticos, a través de la revisión de un caso empírico como es el Instituto de Estudios Políticos de la Universidad de Antioquia (IEP. Se reconstruyen las perspectivas disciplinares, las tradiciones teóricas y metodológicas involucradas en el estudio de la realidad política colombiana a partir de las siguientes dimensiones: 1 el objeto de la disciplina —la política— y su relación con el contexto nacional marcado por las dinámicas bélicas y los procesos organizativos; 2 la hibridación disciplinar y el aporte que distintos campos de especialización de las Ciencias Sociales han hecho al análisis de la política; 3 los referentes teóricos involucrados en la lectura de los problemas políticos y 4 los métodos para el análisis político, cuya característica esencial es la diversidad y complementariedad de enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. La revisión del caso conduce a reconocer la pluralidad de temasobjetos, teorías y herramientas metodológicas para el análisis de la política, con todo ello se reconstruyen algunos hilos de la teoría política y de la Ciencia Política contemporáneas que apuntan a configurar un enfoque integrador como una vía para comprender los contextos políticos colombiano y latinoamericano.

Televisión y política mediática en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Andrés Sandoval Forero

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En México los medios de información y desinformación se han convertido en el centro de la dinámica de la política nacional. La visibilidad mediática de los candidatos, convertidos en ídolos por excesos de imagen y efectos espectaculares, es una nueva forma de poder, que debilita cualquier construcción de cultura política democrática. En el presente artículo se pretende analizar las nuevas dinámicas que los partidos políticos, el gobierno y los candidatos ejercen a través de la TV, generando nuevas formas del quehacer de la cultura política.

Políticas del amor materno, Chile 1927-1937

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javiera Poblete Vargas

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo, se ha propuesto determinar la utilidad política y económica que los médicos y las “visitadoras sociales” le confirieron al amor materno en Chile, en el tratamiento del problema del Binomio “Madre y Niño” al interior de sus artículos escritos en cuatro revistas de circulación científica entre 1927 y1937: Servicio Social, Beneficencia, Asistencia Social y Acción Social. Con las herramientas teóricas que le ha proporcionado a la historiografía los estudios culturales, los estudios de género, el análisis crítico del discurso y la filosofía política, analizaremos las fuentes históricas disponibles y buscaremos demostrar que en el proyecto político e ideológico de los profesionales de la salud y del servicio social,  dicha dimensión afectiva, tendrá una utilidad  política y económica, en la medida que logre naturalizar y afianzar en las mujeres del pueblo su rol social/sexual materno para la formación y cuidado de la vida de futuras madres y ciudadanos del país, en medio de un escenario de crisis

Aparecidos Políticos: juventude por políticas públicas de memória, verdade e justiça

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre de Albuquerque Mourão

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Em um contexto contemporâneo do surgimento de pedidos de intervenção militar, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de um coletivo de artistas urbanos que, por meio do mapeamento de 35 lugares públicos de homenagem aos ditadores brasileiros, procurou trabalhar artisticamente a questão do direito à memória, no Estado do Ceará (Brasil. Por meio de intervenções estéticas, voltadas para a reflexão acerca da herança repressora da ditadura militar e da produção de novos sentidos de memórias, analisamos três instalações urbanas realizadas pelos “Aparecidos Políticos”, no ano de 2015. Nesse contexto, buscou-se problematizar que a inexistência de uma justiça de transição – seja na manutenção oficial de homenagem a torturadores, seja na falta de implementação de políticas públicas em memória – propicia a permanência de uma cultura política autoritária.

La política como espectáculo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan E. Fernández

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La política siempre estuvo ligada al espectáculo, la pompa y el teatro. La antigua oratoria imperial, eclesiástica y solemne; los debates cargados de ironías en asambleas y parlamentos; y los actuales espectáculos políticos televisados difieren más en la forma y el alcance (curiosamente más democrático que en su ausencia comunicacional. El autor piensa, que hay mucho de siniestro y peligroso en la trivialización del camino al poder cuando lo que está en juego parece ser la vida misma.

Responsabilidad social corporativa y conexiones políticas

OpenAIRE

Ceballos Gallego, Nicolás Bernardo

2017-01-01

La inclusión de políticas de Responsabilidad Social en la actividad productiva es una estrategia que en la actualidad se ve asociada al buen desempeño empresarial. Paralelo a esto, se lleva a cabo un ejercicio de respaldo a causas políticas que define el comportamiento de las compañías en términos de gobierno corporativo. Se encuentra una relación positiva y significativa entre ambos conceptos sugiriendo una relación complementaria entre ambos y asociada a causas filantrópicas más allá de lo...

El cuerpo entre discursos publicitarios y proyectos políticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morresi, Zulema

2010-01-01

Full Text Available [es] Nos proponemos observar cómo nuestros cuerpos se sujetan a prácticas políticas, con esa finalidad, vamos a analizar las representaciones del cuerpo en el discurso publicitario gráfico, donde se intenta articular dichos discursos con dos proyectos políticos muy significativos para la sociedad argentina. Uno, el de la última dictadura militar, otro, el del menemato. El objetivo es relevar representaciones del cuerpo de circulación masiva durante dos experiencias políticas en las que el mercado adquiere primacía y la práctica política es desterrada. En el primer caso por represión y en el segundo por dilución. Nos preguntamos entonces, qué cuerpos sostuvieron estos modelos políticos a partir de la lectura de un discurso destinado al consumo: el publicitario. [en] We propose to observe how our bodies are subjected to political practices, with this purpose we will analyze the representations of body in graphic advertisements which attempt to articulate advertising discourse with two very significant projects for Argentinean society. One is that of the last military dictatorship and the other, the menemato. The aim is to survey mass circulation representations of body during these two political experiences where the market takes precedence over political practice which is repressed in the first case and diluted in the second.We wonder which bodies were supported by these political models through reading a discourse intended for consumption: advertising.

File list: Pol.Oth.20.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Oth.20.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium mm9 RNA polymerase Others Olfactory epithelium... SRX112963,SRX143827 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Oth.20.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium.bed ...

File list: Pol.Oth.50.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Oth.50.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium mm9 RNA polymerase Others Olfactory epithelium... SRX112963,SRX143827 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Oth.50.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium.bed ...

File list: Pol.Oth.10.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Oth.10.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium mm9 RNA polymerase Others Olfactory epithelium... SRX112963,SRX143827 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Oth.10.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium.bed ...

File list: Pol.Oth.05.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Oth.05.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium mm9 RNA polymerase Others Olfactory epithelium... SRX143827,SRX112963 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Oth.05.AllAg.Olfactory_epithelium.bed ...

Overexpression of D-Xylose Reductase (xyl1 Gene and Antisense Inhibition of D-Xylulokinase (xyiH Gene Increase Xylitol Production in Trichoderma reesei

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuanyuan Hong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available T. reesei is an efficient cellulase producer and biomass degrader. To improve xylitol production in Trichoderma reesei strains by genetic engineering, two approaches were used in this study. First, the presumptive D-xylulokinase gene in T. reesei (xyiH, which has high homology to known fungi D-xylulokinase genes, was silenced by transformation of T. reesei QM9414 strain with an antisense construct to create strain S6-2-2. The expression of the xyiH gene in the transformed strain S6-2-2 decreased at the mRNA level, and D-xylulokinase activity decreased after 48 h of incubation. This led to an increase in xylitol production from undetectable levels in wild-type T. reesei QM9414 to 8.6 mM in S6-2-2. The T. reesei Δxdh is a xylose dehydrogenase knockout strain with increased xylitol production compared to the wild-type T. reesei QM9414 (22.8 mM versus undetectable. The copy number of the xylose reductase gene (xyl1 in T. reesei Δxdh strain was increased by genetic engineering to create a new strain Δ9-5-1. The Δ9-5-1 strain showed a higher xyl1 expression and a higher yield of xylose reductase, and xylitol production was increased from 22.8 mM to 24.8 mM. Two novel strains S6-2-2 and Δ9-5-1 are capable of producing higher yields of xylitol. T. reesei has great potential in the industrial production of xylitol.

Overexpression of D-Xylose Reductase (xyl1) Gene and Antisense Inhibition of D-Xylulokinase (xyiH) Gene Increase Xylitol Production in Trichoderma reesei

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Yuanyuan; Dashtban, Mehdi; Kepka, Greg; Chen, Sanfeng; Qin, Wensheng

2014-01-01

T. reesei is an efficient cellulase producer and biomass degrader. To improve xylitol production in Trichoderma reesei strains by genetic engineering, two approaches were used in this study. First, the presumptive D-xylulokinase gene in T. reesei (xyiH), which has high homology to known fungi D-xylulokinase genes, was silenced by transformation of T. reesei QM9414 strain with an antisense construct to create strain S6-2-2. The expression of the xyiH gene in the transformed strain S6-2-2 decreased at the mRNA level, and D-xylulokinase activity decreased after 48 h of incubation. This led to an increase in xylitol production from undetectable levels in wild-type T. reesei QM9414 to 8.6 mM in S6-2-2. The T. reesei Δxdh is a xylose dehydrogenase knockout strain with increased xylitol production compared to the wild-type T. reesei QM9414 (22.8 mM versus undetectable). The copy number of the xylose reductase gene (xyl1) in T. reesei Δxdh strain was increased by genetic engineering to create a new strain Δ9-5-1. The Δ9-5-1 strain showed a higher xyl1 expression and a higher yield of xylose reductase, and xylitol production was increased from 22.8 mM to 24.8 mM. Two novel strains S6-2-2 and Δ9-5-1 are capable of producing higher yields of xylitol. T. reesei has great potential in the industrial production of xylitol. PMID:25013760

Algumas questões sobre o filme político brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gutfreind, Cristiane Freitas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O interesse desse texto é questionar a ideia de filme político na atualidade. Para isso, a análise se concentra, especificamente, no filme realizado no Brasil sobre a Ditadura Militar. A referência ao passado, particularmente, ao filme Terra em Transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967, entendido como modelo, permite definir o que é o cinema político na atualidade

Role of plnB gene in the regulation of bacteriocin production in Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-XM1.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiangmei; Shang, Nan; Zhang, Xu; Gui, Meng; Li, Pinglan

2013-06-12

Homologues of plnB gene have been shown to participate in regulation of bacteriocin production through quorum sensing system in other organisms, to investigate the possible role of plnB gene in Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-XM1, we cloned and insertionally inactivated the plnB gene. The plnB knockout mutant ΔplnB21 showed loss of bacteriocin production, its Bac⁺ phenotype could not be restored even after the addition of PlnA. Furthermore, reverse transcription-PCR analysis from total RNA preparations showed that the bacteriocin structural genes of the plnEF and plnJK were not transcribed in the plnB knockout mutant compared with the wild-type strain. It was therefore concluded that plnB is invovled in a quorum sensing based bacteriocin production. This is the first demonstration of a role for plnB by gene knockout in L. paraplantarum. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE L- BAND MULTI-BASELINE POL-INSAR FOR DEM EXTRACTION BENEATH FOREST CANOPY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. M. Li

2018-04-01

Full Text Available DEM beneath forest canopy is difficult to extract with optical stereo pairs, InSAR and Pol-InSAR techniques. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR based on different penetration and view angles could reflect vertical structure and ground structure. This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of TomoSAR for underlying DEM extraction. Airborne L-band repeat-pass Pol-InSAR collected in BioSAR 2008 campaign was applied to reconstruct the 3D structure of forest. And sum of kronecker product and algebraic synthesis algorithm were used to extract ground structure, and phase linking algorithm was applied to estimate ground phase. Then Goldstein cut-branch approach was used to unwrap the phases and then estimated underlying DEM. The average difference between the extracted underlying DEM and Lidar DEM is about 3.39 m in our test site. And the result indicates that it is possible for underlying DEM estimation with airborne L-band repeat-pass TomoSAR technique.

Evaluation of Airborne l- Band Multi-Baseline Pol-Insar for dem Extraction Beneath Forest Canopy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, W. M.; Chen, E. X.; Li, Z. Y.; Jiang, C.; Jia, Y.

2018-04-01

DEM beneath forest canopy is difficult to extract with optical stereo pairs, InSAR and Pol-InSAR techniques. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) based on different penetration and view angles could reflect vertical structure and ground structure. This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of TomoSAR for underlying DEM extraction. Airborne L-band repeat-pass Pol-InSAR collected in BioSAR 2008 campaign was applied to reconstruct the 3D structure of forest. And sum of kronecker product and algebraic synthesis algorithm were used to extract ground structure, and phase linking algorithm was applied to estimate ground phase. Then Goldstein cut-branch approach was used to unwrap the phases and then estimated underlying DEM. The average difference between the extracted underlying DEM and Lidar DEM is about 3.39 m in our test site. And the result indicates that it is possible for underlying DEM estimation with airborne L-band repeat-pass TomoSAR technique.

Chile: La política social en los años noventa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Lanzarotti

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El balance de la política social chilena arroja, sin duda, resultados positivos pero plantea igualmente interrogantes en cuanto a su real eficacia, dados sus rendimientos decrecientes en el tiempo, siendo el déficit social aún significativo. En particular, la permanencia de una fuerte desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso señala la tensión, característica de la experiencia chilena, entre los fundamentos solidarios de una política social ambiciosa y la lógica de un sistema basado en preceptos neoliberales. Ha habido resistencia sistémica a la política social. En este cuadro, la caída del ritmo de crecimiento económico viene a reforzar un cuestionamiento a las políticas públicas demasiado concentradas en lo social

Random mutagenesis by error-prone pol plasmid replication in Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, David L; Lilly, Joshua; Hernandez, Jaime; Romsdahl, Jillian; Troll, Christopher J; Camps, Manel

2014-01-01

Directed evolution is an approach that mimics natural evolution in the laboratory with the goal of modifying existing enzymatic activities or of generating new ones. The identification of mutants with desired properties involves the generation of genetic diversity coupled with a functional selection or screen. Genetic diversity can be generated using PCR or using in vivo methods such as chemical mutagenesis or error-prone replication of the desired sequence in a mutator strain. In vivo mutagenesis methods facilitate iterative selection because they do not require cloning, but generally produce a low mutation density with mutations not restricted to specific genes or areas within a gene. For this reason, this approach is typically used to generate new biochemical properties when large numbers of mutants can be screened or selected. Here we describe protocols for an advanced in vivo mutagenesis method that is based on error-prone replication of a ColE1 plasmid bearing the gene of interest. Compared to other in vivo mutagenesis methods, this plasmid-targeted approach allows increased mutation loads and facilitates iterative selection approaches. We also describe the mutation spectrum for this mutagenesis methodology in detail, and, using cycle 3 GFP as a target for mutagenesis, we illustrate the phenotypic diversity that can be generated using our method. In sum, error-prone Pol I replication is a mutagenesis method that is ideally suited for the evolution of new biochemical activities when a functional selection is available.

Regulation of the E. coli SOS response by the lexA gene product

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brent, R.

1983-01-01

In an Escherichia coli that is growing normally, transcription of many genes is repressed by the product of the lexA gene. If cellular DNA is damaged, proteolytically competent recA protein (recA protease) inactivates lexA protein and these genes are induced. Many of the cellular phenomena observed during the cellular response to DNA damage (the SOS response) are the consequence of the expression of these lexA-prepressed genes. Since the SOS response of E. coli has recently been the subject of a comprehensive review, in this paper I would like to concentrate on some modifications to the picture based on new data. 12 references, 2 figures

Saúde bucal do idoso: por uma política inclusiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de Mello

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo forma parte de una investigación sobre el cuidado a la salud bucodental, realizada en residencias geriátricas. Su objetivo es relacionar el significado del cuidado a la salud bucodental del anciano, institucionalizando los asuntos referentes a las políticas públicas, en el actual contexto nacional de implementación de políticas de salud/salud bucal. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en la Grounded Theory. Participaron del estudio tres ancianos, cuatro cuidadores, dos enfermeros y tres administradores (primer grupo del muestreo; y, tres dentistas, tres gestores públicos y un administrador (segundo grupo del muestreo. Después de la relectura de los datos de las entrevistas y del análisis comparativo, la categoría: Insertando el cuidado a la salud bucodental del anciano en la dimensión político-organizacional incluyó las políticas públicas de salud/salud bucal. A pesar de las garantías legales, del crecimiento de los recursos y de la expansión de los servicios, la implementación de políticas públicas que incluyan al anciano en las acciones de salud bucodental es incipiente para garantizar el compromiso público-estadual y gubernamental que transforme la realidad epidemiológica.

Capítulo 4. Política espacial argentina: rupturas y continuidades (1989-2012)

OpenAIRE

Blinder, Daniel

2018-01-01

4. 1. ¿Seguridad o desarrollo? El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo entender las rupturas y continuidades en la política local e internacional de la Argentina entre la presidencia de Carlos Menem y la de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner en relación con la política espacial. En definitiva, se trata de comprender por qué la Argentina tiene una política de tecnología espacial. Los argentinos tienen políticas de desarrollo tecnológico y proyectos espaciales debido a que existió...

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus BM5 protein regulates progeny virus production and viral gene expression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kokusho, Ryuhei; Koh, Yoshikazu; Fujimoto, Masaru; Shimada, Toru; Katsuma, Susumu

2016-01-01

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) orf5 (Bm5) is a core gene of lepidopteran baculoviruses and encodes the protein with the conserved amino acid residues (DUF3627) in its C-terminus. Here, we found that Bm5 disruption resulted in lower titers of budded viruses and fewer numbers of occlusion bodies (OBs) in B. mori cultured cells and larvae, although viral genome replication was not affected. Bm5 disruption also caused aberrant expression of various viral genes at the very late stage of infection. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that BM5 localized to the nuclear membrane. We also found that DUF3627 is important for OB production, transcriptional regulation of viral genes, and subcellular localization of BM5. Compared with wild-type BmNPV infection, larval death was delayed when B. mori larvae were infected with Bm5 mutants. These results suggest that BM5 is involved in progeny virus production and regulation of viral gene expression at the very late stage of infection. -- Highlights: •The role of BmNPV BM5 protein was examined in B. mori cultured cells and larvae. •BM5 contributes to efficient production of budded viruses and occlusion bodies. •BM5 regulates viral gene expression at the very late stage of infection. •BM5 dominantly localizes to the nuclear membrane. •Bm5 mutant showed v-cath down-regulation and resulting delay of larval death.

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus BM5 protein regulates progeny virus production and viral gene expression

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kokusho, Ryuhei, E-mail: kokusho@ss.ab.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Koh, Yoshikazu; Fujimoto, Masaru; Shimada, Toru; Katsuma, Susumu, E-mail: katsuma@ss.ab.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp

2016-11-15

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) orf5 (Bm5) is a core gene of lepidopteran baculoviruses and encodes the protein with the conserved amino acid residues (DUF3627) in its C-terminus. Here, we found that Bm5 disruption resulted in lower titers of budded viruses and fewer numbers of occlusion bodies (OBs) in B. mori cultured cells and larvae, although viral genome replication was not affected. Bm5 disruption also caused aberrant expression of various viral genes at the very late stage of infection. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that BM5 localized to the nuclear membrane. We also found that DUF3627 is important for OB production, transcriptional regulation of viral genes, and subcellular localization of BM5. Compared with wild-type BmNPV infection, larval death was delayed when B. mori larvae were infected with Bm5 mutants. These results suggest that BM5 is involved in progeny virus production and regulation of viral gene expression at the very late stage of infection. -- Highlights: •The role of BmNPV BM5 protein was examined in B. mori cultured cells and larvae. •BM5 contributes to efficient production of budded viruses and occlusion bodies. •BM5 regulates viral gene expression at the very late stage of infection. •BM5 dominantly localizes to the nuclear membrane. •Bm5 mutant showed v-cath down-regulation and resulting delay of larval death.

Enfoques de investigación en la ciencia política: teoría política normativa, institucionalismo y conductismo

OpenAIRE

Peñas Felizzola, Olga Luz

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo se desarrolla con la intención de hacer una revisión a los elementos más importantes de tres enfoques de la ciencia política, como son la teoría política normativa, el institucionalismo y el conductismo. En consideración a que el escrito también apunta a identificar los aportes más relevantes de cada uno de los enfoques, con miras a nutrir el desarrollo de la pregunta de investigación doctoral, la estructura dada al texto pone en evidencia los aspectos clave de cada uno. A...

La sociología política de Émile Durkheim entre 1892 y 1897: el Estado como apéndice de la morfología social y la futilidad de la acción política The political sociology of Émile Durkheim between 1892 and 1897: the State like appendix of the social morphology and political action

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Inda

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar los aspectos propiamente políticos de la producción durkheimiana correspondiente al período 1892-1897. La concepción del Estado como órgano que traduce una solidaridad social automática, por entero preexistente a las relaciones políticas, la distinción del despotismo como un régimen que implica la absorción completa de los individuos por la máquina política, el problema de la creciente ampliación de la intervención estatal en la esfera privada de los individuos, la cuestión de la incapacidad de la acción política para transformar la morfología de la sociedad, son algunos de los hitos distintivos de la sociología política que habita entrelíneas en dicha producción.This paper has for objective to investigate strictly the political aspects of the durkheiminian production, corresponding to the period 1892-1897. The concept of State like an organ that automatically translates social solidarity, entirely preexisting political relations, the distinction of despotism like a regime that implies the complete absorption of the individuals by the political machine, the problem of the increasing extension of state intervention in the private sphere of individuals, the question of the incapacity for political action to transform societies morphology, are some of the distinguishing landmarks of the political theory that inhabits between the lines in this production.

Políticas públicas e crítica queer: algumas questões sobre identidade LGBT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Vieira Sampaio

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Na década de 1980, o movimento LGBT no Brasil iniciou uma parceria política com o Estado a fim de enfrentar o surto da AIDS. O sucesso dessas ações contribuiu para novas pautas políticas visando melhor assistência à população LGBT. Tais políticas nos últimos anos ampliaram-se, porém adaptando-se ao modo de representação política vigente, uma política identitária essencialista. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir como o essencialismo que fundamenta a sexopolítica é negociado nas políticas públicas LGBT e como uma "identidade estratégica" pode afetar os modos de viver daqueles que não se encaixam no padrão heteronormativo. Numa perspectiva discursiva crítica, cinco documentos de políticas públicas foram examinados, com o apoio de quadro conceitual foucaultiano e da Teoria Queer. Concluímos que uma política das multidões queer sinaliza formas de ação ainda mais radicais e potentes.

Identification and manipulation of the pleuromutilin gene cluster from Clitopilus passeckerianus for increased rapid antibiotic production

Science.gov (United States)

Bailey, Andy M.; Alberti, Fabrizio; Kilaru, Sreedhar; Collins, Catherine M.; de Mattos-Shipley, Kate; Hartley, Amanda J.; Hayes, Patrick; Griffin, Alison; Lazarus, Colin M.; Cox, Russell J.; Willis, Christine L.; O'Dwyer, Karen; Spence, David W.; Foster, Gary D.

2016-05-01

Semi-synthetic derivatives of the tricyclic diterpene antibiotic pleuromutilin from the basidiomycete Clitopilus passeckerianus are important in combatting bacterial infections in human and veterinary medicine. These compounds belong to the only new class of antibiotics for human applications, with novel mode of action and lack of cross-resistance, representing a class with great potential. Basidiomycete fungi, being dikaryotic, are not generally amenable to strain improvement. We report identification of the seven-gene pleuromutilin gene cluster and verify that using various targeted approaches aimed at increasing antibiotic production in C. passeckerianus, no improvement in yield was achieved. The seven-gene pleuromutilin cluster was reconstructed within Aspergillus oryzae giving production of pleuromutilin in an ascomycete, with a significant increase (2106%) in production. This is the first gene cluster from a basidiomycete to be successfully expressed in an ascomycete, and paves the way for the exploitation of a metabolically rich but traditionally overlooked group of fungi.

Implication of two-coupled differential Van der Pol Duffing oscillator in weak signal detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng Hanghang; Xu Xuemei; Yang Bingchu; Yin Linzi

2016-01-01

The principle of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator for state transition and for determining critical value is described, which has been studied to indicate that the application of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator in weak signal detection is feasible. On the basis of this principle, an improved two-coupled differential Van der Pol Duffing oscillator is proposed which can identify signals under any frequency and ameliorate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The analytical methods of the proposed model and the construction of the proposed oscillator are introduced in detail. Numerical experiments on the properties of the proposed oscillator compared with those of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator are carried out. Our numerical simulations have confirmed the analytical treatment. The results demonstrate that this novel oscillator has better detection performance than the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator. (author)

Implication of Two-Coupled Differential Van der Pol Duffing Oscillator in Weak Signal Detection

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Hang-hang; Xu, Xue-mei; Yang, Bing-chu; Yin, Lin-zi

2016-04-01

The principle of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator for state transition and for determining critical value is described, which has been studied to indicate that the application of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator in weak signal detection is feasible. On the basis of this principle, an improved two-coupled differential Van der Pol Duffing oscillator is proposed which can identify signals under any frequency and ameliorate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The analytical methods of the proposed model and the construction of the proposed oscillator are introduced in detail. Numerical experiments on the properties of the proposed oscillator compared with those of the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator are carried out. Our numerical simulations have confirmed the analytical treatment. The results demonstrate that this novel oscillator has better detection performance than the Van der Pol Duffing oscillator.

Fuels and Petroleum, Oil & Lubricants (POL) Laboratories

Data.gov (United States)

Federal Laboratory Consortium — The Fuels and Lubricants Technology Team operates and maintains the Fuels and POL Labs at TARDEC. Lab experts adhere to standardized American Society for Testing and...

File list: Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Young_adult [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Young_adult ce10 RNA polymerase Adult Young adult SRX395531,SRX331...RX043965 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Adl.05.AllAg.Young_adult.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Young_adult [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Young_adult ce10 RNA polymerase Adult Young adult SRX395531,SRX331...RX043965 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Adl.10.AllAg.Young_adult.bed ...

File list: Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Young_adult [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Young_adult ce10 RNA polymerase Adult Young adult SRX331268,SRX331...RX043964 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Adl.20.AllAg.Young_adult.bed ...

50 Años de política antitrust comunitaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Diez Estella

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se realiza, al cumplir 50 años del Tratado de Roma el balance de la que comenzó siendo la Comunidad Económica y que hoy es la Unión Europea, a partir del análisis de la política de defensa de la competencia o política «antitrust» comunitaria. Bajo este marco retomaron temas como los fines del derecho comunitario de la competencia, el proceso de modernización la relación entre el derecho interno y la legislación comunitaria. Por otra parte, reconsiderando los acuerdos, decisiones y prácticas concertadas entre empresas, los tipos de convenios, efectos, excepciones y procedimientos, así como otros temas de interés relacionados con la competencia de las empresas en el marco de la Legislación de la Unión Europea. Política antitrus, competencia,

Identification of Enzyme Genes Using Chemical Structure Alignments of Substrate-Product Pairs.

Science.gov (United States)

Moriya, Yuki; Yamada, Takuji; Okuda, Shujiro; Nakagawa, Zenichi; Kotera, Masaaki; Tokimatsu, Toshiaki; Kanehisa, Minoru; Goto, Susumu

2016-03-28

Although there are several databases that contain data on many metabolites and reactions in biochemical pathways, there is still a big gap in the numbers between experimentally identified enzymes and metabolites. It is supposed that many catalytic enzyme genes are still unknown. Although there are previous studies that estimate the number of candidate enzyme genes, these studies required some additional information aside from the structures of metabolites such as gene expression and order in the genome. In this study, we developed a novel method to identify a candidate enzyme gene of a reaction using the chemical structures of the substrate-product pair (reactant pair). The proposed method is based on a search for similar reactant pairs in a reference database and offers ortholog groups that possibly mediate the given reaction. We applied the proposed method to two experimentally validated reactions. As a result, we confirmed that the histidine transaminase was correctly identified. Although our method could not directly identify the asparagine oxo-acid transaminase, we successfully found the paralog gene most similar to the correct enzyme gene. We also applied our method to infer candidate enzyme genes in the mesaconate pathway. The advantage of our method lies in the prediction of possible genes for orphan enzyme reactions where any associated gene sequences are not determined yet. We believe that this approach will facilitate experimental identification of genes for orphan enzymes.

O corpo problematizado de uma perspectiva histórico-política El cuerpo problematizado de una perspectiva histórico-política The problematized body from a political-historical perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kleber Prado Filho

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata da produção histórico-política dos corpos dos indivíduos nas sociedades ocidentais modernas, perspectiva mais próxima das ciências sociais e humanas, que é diversa e crítica da clássica abordagem anatômico-fisiológica predominante no domínio das ciências naturais e da medicina. Esta reflexão, apoiada no pensamento de Michel Foucault, busca desnaturalizar uma abordagem do corpo centrada em seus elementos biológicos e anatomofisiológicos, para problematizar a sua construção em termos sociais, econômicos e políticos, além de estéticos, ao longo da história.Este artículo trata de la producción histórico-política de los cuerpos de los individuos en las sociedades occidentales modernas, perspectiva más próxima de las ciencias sociales y humanas, que es diversa y crítica del clásico abordaje anatómico-fisiológico predominante en el dominio de las ciencias naturales y de la medicina. Esta reflexión, apoyada en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault, busca desnaturalizar un abordaje del cuerpo centrado en sus elementos biológicos y anatomofisiológicos, para problematizar su construcción en términos sociales, económicos y políticos, además de estéticos, a lo largo de la historia.The bodies' historical and political production in individuals in modern Western societies is provided. Whereas above perspective is closer to the social and human sciences, it is different and critical to the anatomical and physiological approach predominant in the natural sciences and in medicine. Current analysis, based on Michel Foucault, denaturalizes an approach of the body centered on biological and anatomical-physiological elements and problematizes its construction in social, economical and political terms, besides aesthetical ones, throughout History.

File list: Pol.Brs.20.AllAg.Mammary_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Brs.20.AllAg.Mammary_cells mm9 RNA polymerase Breast Mammary cells SRX852566,SR...X852567,SRX187510,SRX187515 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Brs.20.AllAg.Mammary_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Brs.05.AllAg.Mammary_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Brs.05.AllAg.Mammary_cells mm9 RNA polymerase Breast Mammary cells SRX187510,SR...X187515,SRX852567,SRX852566 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Brs.05.AllAg.Mammary_cells.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Mixed_embryo [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Mixed_embryo ce10 RNA polymerase Embryo Mixed embryo SRX208771,SRX...208773,SRX208772,SRX208774 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Mixed_embryo.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Mixed_embryo [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Mixed_embryo ce10 RNA polymerase Embryo Mixed embryo SRX208772,SRX...208773,SRX208774,SRX208771 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Emb.50.AllAg.Mixed_embryo.bed ...

Dynamics of plc gene transcription and α-toxin production during growth of Clostridium perfringens strains with contrasting α-toxin production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Abildgaard, Lone; Schramm, Andreas; Rudi, Knut

2009-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate transcription dynamics of the α-toxin-encoding plc gene relative to two housekeeping genes (gyrA and rplL) in batch cultures of three Clostridium perfringens strains with low, intermediate, and high levels of α-toxin production, respectively. The plc...... transcript level was always low in the low α-toxin producing strain. For the two other strains, plc transcription showed an inducible pattern and reached a maximum level in the late exponential growth phase. The transcription levels were however inversely correlated to α-toxin production for the two strains....... We propose that this discrepancy is due to differences in plc translation rates between the strains and that strain-specific translational rates therefore must be determined before α-toxin production can be extrapolated from transcript levels in C. perfringens....

Cine militante:Del internacionalismo a la política sensible neoliberal / Militant Cinema: From Internationalism to Neoliberal Sensible Politics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irmgard Emmelhainz

2017-02-01

Full Text Available En los años sesenta, el cine militante buscó compartir y expandir estrategias y herramientas para la lucha política alrededor del mundo. Ici et ailleurs (1969- 1974, la película que Godard filmó con Jean-Pierre Gorin bajo el marco del Grupo Dziga Vertov y editó con Anne-Marie Miéville, no es solo un ejemplo de cine político de vanguardia, sino un recuento auto-reflexivo del resultado de las revoluciones aquí y en otro lado, del devenir de la militancia y el cine comprometido y de su repudio a mediados de los años setenta. En este ensayo, me enfoco en tres elementos que forman parte del legado del cine militante en general, y específicamente de Ici et ailleurs: primero, las lecciones que se pueden derivar de las ordalías derivadas de simpatizar, hablar o imaginar procesos políticos de otros, en otros lados. Segundo, el problema que Godard plantea en películas posteriores a Ici et ailleurs, a lo que llamo la «mediatización de la mediación», como la forma de activismo que siguió al rechazo del marxismo-leninismo como depositario de la política progresiva. Tercero, la no poco problemática transformación de la política de la imagen de Godard en la «política sensible» post-política, un nicho en la producción cultural que se ha dado la tarea de codificar actos políticos inestables en formas mediáticas, transformando la acción y enunciación política en cuestión de expresión.Palabras clave: cine militante, Jean-Luc Godard, Palestina, activismo, política sensible, post-política, compromiso político.Abstract:In the 1960s, militant cinema aimed to share and expand strategies and tools for the political struggle around the world. Ici et ailleurs (1969-1974, the film that Godard shot with Jean-Pierre Gorin within the Dziga Vertov’s Group and edited with Anne-Marie Miéville, it is not only an example of avant-garde political cinema, but also an auto-reflexive account of the outcome of revolutions here and elsewhere, of

La cultura política desde la frontera norte de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tonatiuh Guillén López

1994-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del ensayo es analizar las principales tendencias de la cultura política en México, relacionándola con el proceso de transición democrática y desde la experiencia política electoral de la frontera norte durante los últimos diez años. Se parte de un concepto histórico de la cultura, que permite plantear como objetos de análisis tanto su contenido como, particularmente, a sus actores sociales, sujetos ambos a una dinámica de evolución. Con esta perspectiva, el ensayo argumenta que en el país los contenidos liberales de la cultura política y sus actores todavía se encuentran en proceso de construcción y sujetos a una interacción conflictiva con los contenidos culturales, prácticas e instituciones tradicionales del poder político.

Implementation effect of productive 4-stage field orientation on the student technopreneur skill in vocational schools

Science.gov (United States)

Ismail, Edy; Samsudi, Widjanarko, Dwi; Joyce, Peter; Stearns, Roman

2018-03-01

This model integrates project base learning by creating a product based on environmental needs. The Produktif Orientasi Lapangan 4 Tahap (POL4T) combines technical skills and entrepreneurial elements together in the learning process. This study is to implement the result of technopreneurship learning model development which is environment-oriented by combining technology and entrepreneurship components on Machining Skill Program. This study applies research and development design by optimizing experimental subject. Data were obtained from questionnaires, learning material validation, interpersonal, intrapersonal observation forms, skills, product, teachers and students' responses, and cognitive tasks. Expert validation and t-test calculation are applied to see how effective POL4T learning model. The result of the study is in the form of 4 steps learning model to enhance interpersonal and intrapersonal attitudes, develop practical products which orient to society and appropriate technology so that the products can have high selling value. The model is effective based on the students' post test result, which is better than the pre-test. The product obtained from POL4T model is proven to be better than the productive learning. POL4T model is recommended to be implemented for XI grade students. This is can develop entrepreneurial attitudes that are environment oriented, community needs and technical competencies students.

Construir la ciudad. Interface entre política urbana y finanzas públicas locales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mercedes Ferrer

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo es identificar las fuentes de financiamiento de las políticas urbanas en la Alcaldía de Maracaibo y los cambios producidos en éstas durante el periodo 1989 al 2001. Para conocer la relación entre finanzas públicas y políticas urbanas se revisaron y contrastaron los Planes de Gestión Local con los Presupuestos Anuales y las Memorias y Cuenta y, se entrevistaron a funcionarios de las Direcciones de Planificación, Presupuesto y Rentas de la Alcaldía. Como resultado de la investigación realizada se identificaron dos cambios en el manejo de las finanzas locales - en la estructura de ingresos de la Alcaldía y en el mayor peso dado al financiamiento de las políticas urbanas - y, dos conclusiones básicas: la existencia de una política de inversión de las finanzas públicas locales que privilegia la construcción de la ciudad o ejecución de las políticas urbanas y, segundo, la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de financiación tanto locales como nacionales e internacionales, para concretar dicha política. La estrategia implantada por los alcaldes durante el periodo analizado se apoya en una visión y praxis corporativa de la Alcaldía de Maracaibo dirigida a fortalecer una gestión visible, cuyo objetivo es impactar a corto plazo la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos para relegitimarse políticamente (marketing político, ampliar el espacio público y la gobernabilidad local.

El Partido Peronista argentino: diseños organizativos y prácticas políticas (1947-1955

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Aelo

Full Text Available RESUMEN El peronismo como fuerza política o identidad popular ha sido profusamente investigado desde sus orígenes en 1945 hasta nuestros días. Menor interés ha concitado el estudio de la organización partidaria que los peronistas construyeron. En este artículo se analiza la configuración del Partido Peronista entre 1947 y 1955, los dilemas y conflictos enfrentados por los organizadores partidarios y las disputas por el poder al interior del partido entre diversos grupos dirigentes, que dieron como resultado el establecimiento de dos diferentes modelos de partido.

La defensa de presos políticos a comienzos de los ´70: ejercicio profesional, derecho y política A defesa dos presos políticos no início dos anos 70: a prática profissional, o direito ea política The defense of political prisoners in the early '70s: professional practice, law and politics

OpenAIRE

Mauricio Chama

2010-01-01

El trabajo aborda la relación entre abogacía y política a comienzos de la década del '70. Más precisamente se propone identificar y reconstruir los principales rasgos que asume la defensa de presos políticos en ese período. Más que una labor específica, se entiende que la defensa de presos políticos en esos años representó una novedosa configuración que logró articular una nueva asociación de profesionales del derecho, renovadas estrategias de defensa, una vasta y sistemática labor de denunci...

Ingeniero, político, economista, inventor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimena Montaña Cuéllar

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Técnica y utopía. Biografía intelectual y política de Alejandro López, 1876-1940. Alberto Mayor Mora. Fondo Editorial Universidad Eafit, colección Cielos de Arena, Medellín, 2001, 621 págs., il.

Pleiotropic regulatory genes bldA, adpA and absB are implicated in production of phosphoglycolipid antibiotic moenomycin.

Science.gov (United States)

Makitrynskyy, Roman; Ostash, Bohdan; Tsypik, Olga; Rebets, Yuriy; Doud, Emma; Meredith, Timothy; Luzhetskyy, Andriy; Bechthold, Andreas; Walker, Suzanne; Fedorenko, Victor

2013-10-23

Unlike the majority of actinomycete secondary metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase inhibitor moenomycin in Streptomyces ghanaensis does not involve any cluster-situated regulators (CSRs). This raises questions about the regulatory signals that initiate and sustain moenomycin production. We now show that three pleiotropic regulatory genes for Streptomyces morphogenesis and antibiotic production-bldA, adpA and absB-exert multi-layered control over moenomycin biosynthesis in native and heterologous producers. The bldA gene for tRNA(Leu)UAA is required for the translation of rare UUA codons within two key moenomycin biosynthetic genes (moe), moeO5 and moeE5. It also indirectly influences moenomycin production by controlling the translation of the UUA-containing adpA and, probably, other as-yet-unknown repressor gene(s). AdpA binds key moe promoters and activates them. Furthermore, AdpA interacts with the bldA promoter, thus impacting translation of bldA-dependent mRNAs-that of adpA and several moe genes. Both adpA expression and moenomycin production are increased in an absB-deficient background, most probably because AbsB normally limits adpA mRNA abundance through ribonucleolytic cleavage. Our work highlights an underappreciated strategy for secondary metabolism regulation, in which the interaction between structural genes and pleiotropic regulators is not mediated by CSRs. This strategy might be relevant for a growing number of CSR-free gene clusters unearthed during actinomycete genome mining.

Políticas del posgrado en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Martiniano Arredondo Galván

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo define, documenta y analiza la evolución de las políticas públicas de la educación superior en México, específicamente del posgrado. Se subraya que el desarrollo del posgrado en el país ha estado supeditado al devenir de la educación superior y al de la ciencia y la tecnología. A su vez se hace hincapié en que las políticas públicas han sido promovidas e instrumentadas por una diversidad de organismos e instancias ubicadas en la administración pública. Un punto medular del trabajo está en las consideraciones en torno a las políticas públicas del posgrado actual; las cuales están supeditadas y gravitan sobre el instrumento que conjuntamente la SEP y el CONACYT han establecido en los últimos años: el Programa de Fortalecimiento del Posgrado Nacional, el cual instituye un nuevo Padrón Nacional de Posgrado que clasifica los programas como competentes a nivel internacional y como de alto nivel; así como su reconocimiento en cuanto a su complejidad y heterogeneidad.

Redes sociales, lo público y lo político en construcción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Velasco

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Si reconocemos que las transformaciones políticas conducen a las transformaciones en los espacios mediáticos y tecnológicos –y no al contrario, en una deificación tecnológica- las redes sociales serían una manifestación del surgimiento de los nuevos actores del siglo XXI, que tienen una forma diferente de organización -y expresión- política. Son actores que, además, responden a la irrupción de lo cultural en lo político o que plantean la ‘lucha’ cultural como una dimensión política. Lo cultural incluye aquello que se expresa fuertemente en las redes sociales: género, derechos, ambiente e incluso arte, pero también una postura ya no solo nacional, sino global y mundial con respecto a lo político.

Chaos excited chaos synchronizations of integral and fractional order generalized van der Pol systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ge Zhengming; Hsu Maoyuan

2008-01-01

In this paper, chaos excited chaos synchronizations of generalized van der Pol systems with integral and fractional order are studied. Synchronizations of two identified autonomous generalized van der Pol chaotic systems are obtained by replacing their corresponding exciting terms by the same function of chaotic states of a third nonautonomous or autonomous generalized van der Pol system. Numerical simulations, such as phase portraits, Poincare maps and state error plots are given. It is found that chaos excited chaos synchronizations exist for the fractional order systems with the total fractional order both less than and more than the number of the states of the integer order generalized van der Pol system

Política de antibióticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan José Pisonero Socías

Full Text Available La utilización inadecuada de los antimicrobianos ha traído como consecuencia un incremento de la resistencia de los microorganismos y un aumento en los costos hospitalarios. Esta situación provoca mala calidad en el servicio. Durante 2 años se aplicó una política racional inducida a reducir el uso, o poner en reposo, a los antimicrobianos poco efectivos o inefectivos, en todo el servicio médico del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Joaquín Albarrán", de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Se aplicaron procederes y métodos creados por un equipo multidisciplinario. La forma de restricción del uso de antimicrobianos, a partir de un Grupo de Control, muestra alentadores resultados. En el trabajo se explican las funciones de este grupo. Se obtuvieron resultados concretos en la disminución de la resistencia microbiana frente a los antimicrobianos más utilizados. Son significativos los datos que muestran la reducción de costos y volúmenes de antibióticos usados en relación con el año de referencia, período en el que aún no se practicaba la política actual. La investigación demostró, que esta política es aplicable en cualquier hospital, a bajo costo y con resultados a corto plazo

Flightless I (Drosophila) homolog facilitates chromatin accessibility of the estrogen receptor α target genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, Kwang Won, E-mail: kwjeong@gachon.ac.kr

2014-04-04

Highlights: • H3K4me3 and Pol II binding at TFF1 promoter were reduced in FLII-depleted MCF-7 cells. • FLII is required for chromatin accessibility of the enhancer of ERalpha target genes. • Depletion of FLII causes inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells. - Abstract: The coordinated activities of multiple protein complexes are essential to the remodeling of chromatin structure and for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to the promoter in order to facilitate the initiation of transcription in nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression. Flightless I (Drosophila) homolog (FLII), a nuclear receptor coactivator, is associated with the SWI/SNF-chromatin remodeling complex during estrogen receptor (ER)α-mediated transcription. However, the function of FLII in estrogen-induced chromatin opening has not been fully explored. Here, we show that FLII plays a critical role in establishing active histone modification marks and generating the open chromatin structure of ERα target genes. We observed that the enhancer regions of ERα target genes are heavily occupied by FLII, and histone H3K4me3 and Pol II binding induced by estrogen are decreased in FLII-depleted MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments showed that depletion of FLII resulted in reduced chromatin accessibility of multiple ERα target genes. These data suggest FLII as a key regulator of ERα-mediated transcription through its role in regulating chromatin accessibility for the binding of RNA Polymerase II and possibly other transcriptional coactivators.

Flightless I (Drosophila) homolog facilitates chromatin accessibility of the estrogen receptor α target genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, Kwang Won

2014-01-01

Highlights: • H3K4me3 and Pol II binding at TFF1 promoter were reduced in FLII-depleted MCF-7 cells. • FLII is required for chromatin accessibility of the enhancer of ERalpha target genes. • Depletion of FLII causes inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cells. - Abstract: The coordinated activities of multiple protein complexes are essential to the remodeling of chromatin structure and for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to the promoter in order to facilitate the initiation of transcription in nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression. Flightless I (Drosophila) homolog (FLII), a nuclear receptor coactivator, is associated with the SWI/SNF-chromatin remodeling complex during estrogen receptor (ER)α-mediated transcription. However, the function of FLII in estrogen-induced chromatin opening has not been fully explored. Here, we show that FLII plays a critical role in establishing active histone modification marks and generating the open chromatin structure of ERα target genes. We observed that the enhancer regions of ERα target genes are heavily occupied by FLII, and histone H3K4me3 and Pol II binding induced by estrogen are decreased in FLII-depleted MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments showed that depletion of FLII resulted in reduced chromatin accessibility of multiple ERα target genes. These data suggest FLII as a key regulator of ERα-mediated transcription through its role in regulating chromatin accessibility for the binding of RNA Polymerase II and possibly other transcriptional coactivators

A política da guerra em Maquiavel

OpenAIRE

Coelho,Maria Francisca Pinheiro; Menezes,Marilde Loiola de

2013-01-01

Ao considerar que os objetivos do governante são a conquista e a manutenção do poder, Nicolau Maquiavel sugere ser o estado de guerra uma situação permanente na arte de governar. Este artigo aborda o pensamento político do autor, a partir de sua análise sobre a guerra. Visa apreender o sentido que ele confere à política e os fundamentos de uma teoria sobre a guerra, construída com base no diálogo com as experiências dos antigos e as circunstâncias históricas de seu tempo. O trabalho está estr...

La política monetaria y la brecha del producto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Alfonso Montenegro Robles

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Para una adecuada conducción de la política monetaria en una economía pequeña y abierta como la colombiana, debe tenerse en cuenta tanto el trilema de la política monetaria, así como el ancla nominal de la economía., En este contexto, el papel del banco central es el de decidir cuál es el ancla nominal para la economía. Sin embargo, existe simultáneamente una estrecha relación entre la política monetaria con la brecha del producto. El objetivo de este estudio es ilustrar esta dinámica a través de un modelo de política monetaria, los resultados muestran la relación dinámica entre el comportamiento de la tasa de interés como función de la inflación subyacente y de la brecha del producto. Una de las principales características de la solución es que la restricción de no negatividad sobre la tasa de interés es obligatoria para bajos niveles de brecha del producto y bajas tasas de inflación.

Milton Friedman e a efetividade da política fiscal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Luiz C. Lopreato

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do artigo é discutir a visão de Milton Friedman sobre o papel da política fiscal. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir da discussão de quatro pontos. O primeiro relembra traços da trajetória do autor, desde a fase inicial em que dá relevância à política fiscal até o momento em que a renega. O segundo retoma questões apresentadas no tópico anterior e os argumentos usados para negar a efetividade da política fiscal. O terceiro volta-se à apresentação da hipótese da renda permanente e a sua posição contra o uso e as implicações da função consumo nos estudos de caráter keynesiano da velha síntese. O último ponto destaca a crítica contra as ações discricionárias, com ênfase na discussão dos lags existentes na política fiscal. O retorno ao autor justifica-se porque as suas ideias influenciaram o modo de a atual teoria macroeconômica dominante pensar tópicos relevantes da área fiscal.

Macroeconomía, políticas públicas y género

OpenAIRE

María Elena Cardero

2002-01-01

El objetivo de esta presentación es evaluar de manera general algunas de las políticas públicas más directamente vinculadas con el bienestar de la población y la corrección de las inequidades sociales para determinar si dichas políticas tienen un carácter neutro, o bien, están sesgadas y afectan las relaciones de género y específicamente a las mujeres. En general la participación esta orientada a dar respuesta a preguntas como ¿Son las políticas públicas neutras? ¿los cambios recientes ...

Strange attractors and synchronization dynamics of coupled Van der Pol-Duffing oscillators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamapi, R.; Filatrella, G.

2006-07-01

We consider in this paper the dynamics and synchronization of coupled chaotic Van der Pol-Duffing systems. The stability of the synchronization process between two coupled autonomous Van der Pol model is first analyzed analytically and numerically, before following the problem of synchronizing chaos both on the same and different chaotic orbits of two coupled Van der Pol-Duffing systems. The stability boundaries of the synchronization process are derived and the effects of the amplitude of the periodic perturbation of the coupling parameter on these boundaries are analyzed. The results are provided on the stability map in the (q, K) plane. (author)

Dynamical property analysis of fractionally damped van der pol oscillator and its application

Science.gov (United States)

Zhong, Qiuhui; Zhang, Chunrui

2012-01-01

In this paper, the fractionally damped van der pol equation was studied. Firstly, the fractionally damped van der pol equation was transformed into a set of integer order equations. Then the Lyapunov exponents diagram was given. Secondly, it was transformed into a set of fractional integral equations and solved by a predictor-corrector method. The time domain diagrams and phase trajectory were used to describe the dynamic behavior. Finally, the fractionally damped van der pol equation was used to detect a weak signal.

Cobertura jornalística da crise política e financeira e o “issue” corrupção política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Ferin Cunha

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Nesta apresentação refletimos sobre as relações entre cobertura jornalística, comunicação política, crise e corrupção, tendo como foco as democracias ocidentais e, em particular, Portugal. Em primeiro lugar, disserta-se sobre comunicação política e cobertura jornalística, partindo do pressuposto de que a mercantilização dos objetivos das empresas mediáticas e da informação noticiosa alteraram as relações entre o campo da política e dos Media. Dentro dessa perspectiva, discute-se sobre as consequências dessas mudanças nas democracias ocidentais, levando em consideração alguns aspectos que tendem a subverter princípios inerentes à democracia representativa, mas também a eclosão de novos movimentos sociais que visam auma maior participação democrática no espaço público. Em seguida, discorre-se sobre os conceitos de crise e corrupção política, procurando identificar os elementos históricos e culturais que interrelacionam os dois fenômenos nas democracias ocidentais, sobretudo em Portugal. A título de conclusão, abordam-se os processos de desocultação dos fenómenos de corrupção e as implicações para o campo jurídico, bem como os princípios de transparência da informação e suas consequências na democracia.

Los círculos de decisión en las políticas públicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre Muller

2000-06-01

Full Text Available El autor busca con este articulo entender cómo se elaboran concretamente las políticas públicas. Para eso, según él, "hay que sumergirse en et corazón mismo de es la máquina de producción de políticas públicas que Catherine Crémion llama 'el medio decisional central'". Si bien es supremamente difícil describir esta "máquina decisional" de manera abstracta y general, porque sólo se puede captar con ocasión de la puesta en marcha de decisiones concretas cuando se ven activarse las redes de actores que la estructuran, el autor, tomando como modelo de aplicación el caso trances, trata de definir sus limites y sus principales reglas de funcionamiento. El medio decisional francés aparece como teniendo una estructura de red, alrededor de los "grandes cuerpos" de funcionarios, característicos de la alta administración francesa. Pero presenta también una "geometría variable" según las políticas públicas consideradas. En particular, el mínimo de coherencia que se exige en el trabajo político la asegura la jerarquización del sistema de decisión entre, de un lado, un núcleo duro, compuesto por los actores que intervienen en todas las decisiones y, del otro, los actores que intervienen sólo puntualmente. Para una política pública dada, todo va a depender de la configuración establecida por cuatro círculos fundamenta les de la decisión, que el autor detalla. Para un actor determinado, (por ejemplo, el representante de una asociación, o un hombre político. El acceso a los círculos de la decisión de una política pública representa un recurso político fundamental queda testimonio de su capacidad para influir sobre la decisión. El funcionamiento del medio decisional central se articula según Muller alrededor de una cuestión fundamental: "¿a través de cuáles mecanismos se establece la necesaria coherencia entre las diferentes políticas públicas sectoriales que tienden a la desintegración?". Lo que es lo mismo que

File list: Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Early_embryo [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Early_embryo ce10 RNA polymerase Embryo Early embryo SRX495119,SRX...495120,SRX043866,SRX043864,SRX043865,SRX043863 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/ce10/assembled/Pol.Emb.10.AllAg.Early_embryo.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cortical_neuron [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cortical_neuron mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cortical neuron SRX21773...5,SRX759296,SRX217736,SRX759295,SRX759293,SRX759294 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.10.AllAg.Cortical_neuron.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cortical_neuron [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cortical_neuron mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cortical neuron SRX75929...5,SRX759296,SRX217735,SRX759294,SRX759293,SRX217736 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.20.AllAg.Cortical_neuron.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cortical_neuron [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cortical_neuron mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cortical neuron SRX21773...5,SRX217736,SRX759296,SRX759293,SRX759294,SRX759295 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.05.AllAg.Cortical_neuron.bed ...

File list: Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cortical_neuron [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cortical_neuron mm9 RNA polymerase Neural Cortical neuron SRX75929...5,SRX759296,SRX759293,SRX759294,SRX217735,SRX217736 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/mm9/assembled/Pol.Neu.50.AllAg.Cortical_neuron.bed ...

File list: Pol.Emb.20.AllAg.Muscle_cells [Chip-atlas[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)