Corte foliar e tempo de transplantio para o uso de plântulas do sub-bosque na restauração florestal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Augusto Gorne Viani

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O uso de plântulas da regeneração natural tem sido recomendado como estratégia para produção de mudas visando à restauração florestal, contudo muitos aspectos técnicos desse método ainda carecem de investigação científica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da redução da área foliar e do transplantio imediato na sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas produzidas a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural. Plântulas de Esenbeckia leiocarpa (Rutaceae, Eugenia ligustrina (Myrtaceae e Maytenus salicifolia (Celastraceae, obtidas em remanescente de vegetação secundária de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em Bofete, SP, foram extraídas do solo e submetidas aos tratamentos: I redução de 50% da área de cada folha e transplantio imediato; II nenhuma redução de área das folhas e transplantio imediato; III redução de 50% da área de cada folha, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta; e IV nenhuma redução de área das folhas, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta. As mudas foram avaliadas com relação à sobrevivência e ao crescimento em altura, ao longo de oito meses. Os resultados evidenciaram que nem o corte das folhas ou a manutenção das plântulas dentro de recipientes com água por 24 h antes do transplantio afetaram os parâmetros avaliados. Assim, para as espécies estudadas a redução da área foliar e o transplantio imediato são desnecessários para a produção de mudas em viveiro a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural.

Differences in achievement between home language and language of learning in South Africa: Evidence from prePIRLS 2011

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Surette van Staden

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This study utilised regression methods to explain Grade 4 reading literacy achievement taking into account discrepancies between the language of the test and home language for learners who participated in the South African preProgress in International Reading Literacy Study (prePIRLS 2011. Grade 4 learners were tested across all 11 official languages. The language of testing did not always coincide with the learner’s home language; therefore, prePIRLS 2011 test results reveal achievement for learners who in many cases did the test in a second or third language. Results from the current analyses show that testing in African languages predicts significantly lower results as compared to English, but that exponentially worse results by as much as 0.29 points lower of a standard deviation can be expected when the African language of the test did not coincide with the learners’ home language. Findings from the current study provide evidence that African children stand to be disadvantaged the most when a strong mother tongue base has not been developed and when education for children between Grade 1 and 3 is only available through a medium of instruction other than the mother tongue. Evidence that exposure to a language that at least shares linguistic similarities to the home language could have a positive effect.

Influence of valproate on language functions in children with epilepsy.

Science.gov (United States)

Doo, Jin Woong; Kim, Soon Chul; Kim, Sun Jun

2018-01-01

The aim of the current study was to assess the influences of valproate (VPA) on the language functions in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with epilepsy. We reviewed medical records of 53 newly diagnosed patients with epilepsy, who were being treated with VPA monotherapy (n=53; 22 male patients and 31 female patients). The subjects underwent standardized language tests, at least twice, before and after the initiation of VPA. The standardized language tests used were The Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities, a Korean version of The Expressive/Receptive Language Function Test, and the Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology. Since all the patients analyzed spoke Korean as their first language, we used Korean language tests to reduce the bias within the data. All the language parameters of the Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities slightly improved after the initiation of VPA in the 53 pediatric patients with epilepsy (mean age: 11.6±3.2years), but only "prediction" was statistically significant (determining cause, 14.9±5.1 to 15.5±4.3; making inference, 16.1±5.8 to 16.9±5.6; prediction, 11.1±4.9 to 11.9±4.2; total score of TOPS, 42.0±14.4 to 44.2±12.5). The patients treated with VPA also exhibited a small extension in mean length of utterance in words (MLU-w) when responding, but this was not statistically significant (determining cause, 5.4±2.0 to 5.7±1.6; making inference, 5.8±2.2 to 6.0±1.8; prediction, 5.9±2.5 to 5.9±2.1; total, 5.7±2.1 to 5.9±1.7). The administration of VPA led to a slight, but not statistically significant, improvement in the receptive language function (range: 144.7±41.1 to 148.2±39.7). Finally, there were no statistically significant changes in the percentage of articulation performance after taking VPA. Therefore, our data suggested that VPA did not have negative impact on the language function, but rather slightly improved problem-solving abilities. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

11 Things to Know about Cerebral Palsy

Science.gov (United States)

... Button Past Emails 11 Things to Know about Cerebral Palsy Language: English (US) Español (Spanish) Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in ...

Evaluating DLAB as a Predictor of Foreign Language Learning

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-01

JT - Italian KP - Korean ML - Malay NE - Nepalese NR - Norwegian PF - Persian-Iranian PG - Persian-Afghan PJ - Punjabi PL - Polish...Lithuanian NR - Norwegian PF - Persian-Iranian PG - Persian-Afghan PJ - Punjabi PL - Polish PQ - Portuguese-Brazilian PT - Portuguese...Lithuanian NR - Norwegian PF - Persian-Iranian PG - Persian-Afghan PJ - Punjabi PL - Polish PQ - Portuguese-Brazilian PT - Portuguese-European

Técnicas experimentais para tomateiro tipo salada sob estufas plásticas Salad tomato experimental techniques in plastic greenhouse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sidinei José Lopes

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se um ensaio em branco com a cultura do tomateiro, cv. Monte Carlo, sob ambiente modificado por estufa plástica de 24 x 12m. Foram realizadas 11 colheitas dos frutos, sendo determinado o peso total. A unidade básica de colheita foi composta pelo agrupamento de três plantas na fila. O espaçamento entre as plantas na fila foi de 0,3m e 1,0m entre filas, resultando em 10 filas com 24 unidades básicas cada uma. Concluiu-se que o delineamento experimental mais adequado é o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas menores que 18 plantas na fila. Experimentos para avaliar a produtividade em função de diferentes tratamentos (adubos, biocidas, etc de uma mesma cultivar, em estufas plásticas, podem ser colhidos apenas até, aproximadamente, a terça parte inicial da produção esperada, visando economia de recursos e maior precisão. Observou-se uma estabilidade das diferenças mínimas significativas a partir de 30% do total colhido, para parcelas de três, nove e 18 plantas.An uniformity trial was carried out with tomate plants grown in a plastic greenhouse with an area of 24m x 12m. The total fruit yield of salad tomato cv. Monte Carlo was evaluated during 11 separat harvest. The basic plot was planted with three plants in the same row. The plants were grown in distances of 0.3m in the same row and by 1,0m between rows. All 24 plots were allocated in ten different rows. The results demonstrate that the completely randomized were more adequate with plots smaller than 18 plants in the same row. The yield evaluation in experiments with different traits using a same cultivar in plastic greenhouse should be conducted up to 30% of total yield. This is importam for more experimental precision and budged economy and time. Results showed that the minimal significance difference varies after 30% of the total yield, was harvested for three, nine and eighteen plants in each plot.

Morfo-anatomia de plântulas e número cromossômico de Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart. (Bignoniaceae)

OpenAIRE

Ortolani,Flavia Aparecida; Mataqueiro,Márcia Fiorese; Moro,José Roberto; Moro,Fabíola Vitti; Damião Filho,Carlos Ferreira

2008-01-01

Plântulas de Cybistax antisyphilitica (ipê-verde), espécie arbórea que ocorre no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram estudadas morfoanatomicamente e citogeneticamente. As plântulas são eudicotiledôneas, fanerocotiledonares e epigéias. Suas sementes apresentam alas hialinas, assimétricas e de textura papirácea. A raiz é axial com tecido epidérmico irregular. O hipocótilo é verde, glabro e apresenta os elementos do xilema em diferenciação. Os cotilédones são verdes, foliáceos, reniformes, com me...

The Impact of Early Social Interactions on Later Language Development in Spanish-English Bilingual Infants

Science.gov (United States)

Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán; García-Sierra, Adrián; Kuhl, Patricia K.

2017-01-01

This study tested the impact of child-directed language input on language development in Spanish-English bilingual infants (N = 25, 11- and 14-month-olds from the Seattle metropolitan area), across languages and independently for each language, controlling for socioeconomic status. Language input was characterized by social interaction variables,…

[Language Competence and Behavioural Problems in Preschool].

Science.gov (United States)

Rißling, J K; Melzer, J; Menke, B; Petermann, F; Daseking, M

2015-10-01

Children with language disorders are at increased risk of developing behavioural and emotional problems. The analysis focused on the question whether behavioural problems differ depending on the type of language deficit. The present study examines the behaviour of preschool children with different language impairments. The results of N=540 children aged between 4;0 and 5;11 years were analyzed. Language impairments were classified into phonetics/phonology (n=44), vocabulary (n=44), grammar (n=58), pragmatics (n=26) and multiple language impairments (n=171). In addition, a distinction was made between deficits in language production and comprehension. The children were compared with an unimpaired control group (n=197). The extent of emotional and behavioural problems were analyzed. The results indicate that emotional and behavioural problems differ depending on the type of language deficit already in preschoolers. Especially deficits in language comprehension, pragmatic impairments and multiple language impairments increase the risk of behavioural and emotional problems and hyperactivity. The relationship between language skills and emotional and behavioural problems should be emphasized in the developmental observation and documentation in preschool. In particular, the distinction between deficits in pragmatics and behavioural problems requires a differentiated examination to ensure an optimal intervention. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

PRAXIS, High Level Computer Language for System Applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holloway, F.W.

1998-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: PRAXIS is a systems implementation programming language designed especially for control and communications programming. It is a modern, strongly-typed, block-structured language similar to PASCAL but with extensions and features particular to control systems applications. The software consists of three PRAXIS compilers and three associated support utilities - the PRAXIS RMS-11 Interface, a set of procedures, functions, and type declarations which allow PRAXIS programs to interface to the RMS-11 Input/Output system under VAX/VMS and the RSX-11M systems; TEXTIO, character I/O software for terminal and line-printer text operations; and UNPASCAL, a program which translates simple PASCAL programs into PRAXIS. The compilers included are: a VAX/VMS version which generates VAX code, a VAX/VMS version which generates PDP11 codes, and a PDP11/RSX-11M version which generates PDP11 code. NESC Edition B of PRAXIS is designated as Version 7.3 by the contributors. The PDP11 compiler is not supported and has not been changed since February 1982. 2 - Method of solution: The PRAXIS compilers use LALR parsing technique to generate an intermediate machine-independent code. This is then processed using templates for the target computer to generate actual machine instructions

Setting Language Proficiency Score Requirements for English-as-a-Second-Language Placement Decisions in Secondary Education. Research Report. ETS RR-16-17

Science.gov (United States)

Baron, Patricia A.; Papageorgiou, Spiros

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to collect recommendations for minimum score requirements (cut scores) on the "TOEFL Junior"® English language proficiency test in order to guide decisions on the placement of learners into English as a second language (ESL) support classes. The TOEFL Junior test, intended primarily for students ages 11 and…

Desenvolvimento de plântulas de limoeiro 'cravo' relacionado a posição de semeadura

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Rodriguez Robles Walter Geremias

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Instalou-se um ensaio em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de relacionar a posição da semente e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de limoeiro `Cravo'. Foram semeadas nas três prováveis posições que a semente tomaria ao ser lançada ao solo ou substrato: 1 deitada; 2 ápice para cima e 3 ápice para baixo. Este experimento foi realizado em bandejas de poliestireno expandido com 128 células, utilizando-se como substrato a mistura de vermiculita expandida e material orgânico vegetal. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições e 40 sementes por parcela (1 semente/célula. Aos 75 dias após à semeadura, observou-se maior quantidade de plântulas com raízes normais quando colocadas as sementes nas posições deitada e ápice para baixo. A posição ápice para cima apresentou maior quantidade de plântulas com raízes tortas e enoveladas. O comprimento do sistema radicular foi aproximadamente o dobro da parte aérea, independente da posição da semente, ocorrendo o inverso em relação à massa da matéria seca.

Galbahe C1 y C2 Tests de Lengua (Castellano. Escalas 1 y 2). Medida del nivel de Castellano para ninos de 7-8 y 10-11 anos. Manual de Aplicacion. Glotodidaktika-Lanak 27. (Galbahe Language Tests C1 and C2--Spanish, Scales 1 and 2. Measure of Level of Spanish for Children 7-8 and 10-11 years. Test administration Manual. Glotodidaktika-Lanak Series Number 27).

Science.gov (United States)

Sierra, Josu; Olaziregi, Ibon

The Galbahe Language Tests C1 and C2 measure the Spanish language proficiency of children aged 7 to 8 years (C1) and those aged 10 to 11 years (C2). Equivalent tests E1 and E2 measure the Basque language achievement of the same age groups, respectively. Both tests were designed as part of a study of teaching of the Basque language in parts of…

CAMAC and high-level-languages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Degenhardt, K.H.

1976-05-01

A proposal for easy programming of CAMAC systems with high-level-languages (FORTRAN, RTL/2, etc.) and interpreters (BASIC, MUMTI, etc.) using a few subroutines and a LAM driver is presented. The subroutines and the LAM driver are implemented for PDP11/RSX-11M and for the CAMAC controllers DEC CA11A (branch controller), BORER type 1533A (single crate controller) and DEC CA11F (single crate controller). Mixed parallel/serial CAMAC systems employing KINETIC SYSTEMS serial driver mod. 3992 and serial crate controllers mod. 3950 are implemented for all mentioned parallel controllers, too. DMA transfers from or to CAMAC modules using non-processor-request controllers (BORER type 1542, DEC CA11FN) are available. (orig.) [de

Caracterización física y química de plátanos de postre y cocción cultivados en México.

OpenAIRE

Rosales Reynoso, Olga Lidia

2013-01-01

En México se cultiva una amplia gama de variedades de plátanos (Musa spp.) los cuales pueden ser clasificados en base a la forma de consumo; los plátanos de postre se comen crudos cuando alcanzan la madurez deseada por el consumidor (la cual ocurre en un periodo de tiempo corto después de la cosecha), a diferencia de los plátanos para cocción que se someten a un proceso térmico en diferentes etapas de madurez. Esta diferencia en la forma de consumo podría estar relacionada con el tipo y metab...

Estimativa do vigor das sementes e das plântulas de Bixa orellana L.

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Roberta Leopoldo Ferreira

Full Text Available RESUMO A multiplicação de espécies como as da planta de urucum tem limitações em função do conhecimento limitado das características morfológicas e fisiológicas das sementes e das plântulas e da restrição de métodos para determinar a qualidade dessas sementes. Nessa pesquisa, o objetivo foi estudar a adequação do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para estimar o vigor das sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L., relacionando os resultados desse teste com a formação das plântulas e as diferenças de genótipo dos acessos genéticos. As sementes de urucum, representadas por quatro acessos genéticos, e por três lotes, foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, classificação do vigor das plântulas e emergência das plântulas (total e índice de velocidade. No teste de envelhecimento acelerado foram avaliados a temperatura, de 41 ºC, e os períodos, de 48; 72 e 96 horas, de exposição das sementes às umidades relativas de 100% (água e de 76% (solução saturada de NaCl. A solução saturada reduz a quantidade de água absorvida pelas sementes de urucum, expostas às condições do teste de envelhecimento acelerado, reduzindo a deterioração das sementes, favorecendo a uniformidade dos resultados e a redução da proliferação de fungos, comuns na germinação das sementes de urucum. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado, com água ou solução salina, por 72 horas ou 96 horas, é eficiente para classificar as sementes de urucum quanto à qualidade. Assim, as variações dos teores de água das sementes de urucum devem ser entre 23;6 e 28;9% (72 horas e 29;7 e 32;9% (96 horas para a utilização da água e entre 7,3 e 9,5% para a utilização da solução salina de NaCl.

La cirugía plástica y su labor humanitaria en México

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A. Vallarta-Rodríguez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La mayoría del gasto público en salud en México se enfoca hacia las patologías causantes de la mayor mortalidad: enfermedades circulatorias, metabólicas y neoplasias. Así pues, las malformaciones congénitas, secuelas de quemaduras o secuelas de cáncer, no se encuentran al alcance de la población que vive en pobreza. Es por ello que desde hace más de 50 años se iniciaron en nuestro país las Cirugías Extramuros y en el 2012 se creó la Fundación para Asistencia e Investigación en Cirugía Plástica Reconstructiva (FUNCIPLAS, con el objetivo de ayudar a los más necesitados mediante la aplicación de nuestra especialidad. En coordinación con diferentes organizaciones se planeó realizar Campañas de Cirugía Extramuros en diferentes estados de la República Mexicana con la participación de cirujanos plásticos y reconstructivos, residentes en formación, anestesiólogos y personal de enfermería. De 2013 a 2015 se realizaron 10 campañas altruistas en diversas ciudades mexicanas. Se valoraron 784 pacientes, de los que fueron candidatos a cirugía 439 en los que se realizaron 774 procedimientos. El 52,5% de las cirugías correspondió a patología congénita; el 16,4% a secuelas de quemaduras; el 15,76% a secuelas de cáncer y el 15,5% a secuelas de trauma en cara o extremidades. La atención de padecimientos relacionados con la Cirugía Plástica Reconstructiva es insuficiente en una población de casi 120 millones de habitantes. Si a ello agregamos el atraso educativo y la pobreza, nos encontramos ante personas que son condenadas a vivir con una alteración estético-funcional y un estigma social. La FUNCIPLAS, como asociación sin fines de lucro, surge como alternativa para ayudar a los sectores más vulnerables de la población mexicana. Desde hace varias décadas se ha fomentado un mayor altruismo en el área quirúrgica. Hoy la contribución humanitaria de la Cirugía Plástica en México es una realidad.

Language Teachers' Target Language Project: Language for Specific Purposes of Language Teaching

Science.gov (United States)

Korenev, Alexey; Westbrook, Carolyn; Merry, Yvonne; Ershova, Tatiana

2016-01-01

The Language Teachers' Target Language project (LTTL) aims to describe language teachers' target language use domain (Bachman & Palmer 2010) and to develop a language test for future teachers of English. The team comprises four researchers from Moscow State University (MSU) and Southampton Solent University.

O valor autêntico de Plínio Salgado: o pensamento ideológico nacionalista em O Estrangeiro

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Leandro Pereira Gonçalves

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This essay intends to analyze the novel O estrangeiro of Plínio Salgado as a testimony of a specific social class, following the theoretical reference proposed by Lucien Goldmann. In this work, there can be found a revealing historiographical source for understanding the ideology present in the Brazilian Integralist Action. From then on, it has been possible to observe a conservative and authoritarian speech to the development of the Brazilian society. The genetic structuralism of Goldmann was used to verify the existence of artifices and ways that may prove whether the literary works of Plínio Salgado are considered novels, and therefore are expressions of bourgeoisie.

Biometria e morfologia da semente e plântula de oiticica

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Fábio Oliveira Diniz

2015-10-01

Full Text Available A carência de trabalhos sobre plantas nativas da Caatinga nordestina é perceptível, sobretudo, no que se refere aos estudos de suas sementes. Dentre as referidas espécies, destaca-se por seus múltiplos usos, a oiticica (Licania rigida Benth. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar e descrever a biometria e morfologia da semente e plântula de oiticica. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análises de Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia/UFC. Foram realizadas, nas sementes, medições individuais de comprimento, largura e espessura e a determinação morfológica de suas partes internas e externas, além da caracterização da plântula com suas respectivas estruturas. A semente de oiticica é eurispérmica, apresenta comprimento de 3,1 a 5,0 cm, largura de 1,3 a 1,7 cm e espessura de 1,2 a 1,7 cm. O embrião é grande de formato linear, com cotilédones carnosos de cor branca amarelada, dobrados e apresentam nervuras e o eixo hipocótilo-radícula curto. Germinação inicia-se aos 15 dias, sendo hipógea criptocotiledonar. A plântula possui nas faces dos primórdios foliares, uma camada esbranquiçada com aspecto cotonoso.Biometry and morphology of seed and seedling of oiticicaAbstract: Lack of works in native plants of caatinga northeastern is obvious, especially, relating to study of seeds. Among these species, stands out for its multiple uses, the oiticica (Licania rigida Benth. The objective of present experiment was to determinate the biometry and morphology the seed and seedling of Licania rigida. The essay was conducted at the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds of the Phytotechny Department/UFC. Used were what measurement referent this length, width end thickness as well as detailed description internal end external of seed. Results showed that the seeds are euryspermycs, has length 3.1 to 5.0 cm, width 1.3 to 1.7 cm and thickness 1.2 to 1.7 cm. The embryo is large linear format, with fleshy cotyledons yellowed, folded

Creative Ecologies: Developing and Managing New Concepts of Creative Economy Kūrybos ekologijos: naujų kūrybos ekonomikos koncepcijų plėtojimas ir valdymas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jelena Stankevičienė

2011-11-01

between creativity and science is a necessary tool for change, development and management of new concepts of creative economy. The article is based on the project Creative Ecologies: Creating, Developing and Sharing Sustainable Ideas presented by the authors in the Euroweek 2011 confer­ence Water4World. The project received two awards – the 1^{language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: 3.0pt;">st} language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">prize in the project section and The Best Project of the Euroweek 2011.

Kūrybingumo sąvoką šiandien aptinkame pačiose įvairiausiose srityse, įskaitant šiuolaikinę ekonomiką, naujausias technologijas ir mokslą. Svarbu atkreipti dėmesį ne tik į naujų technologijų kūrimą, bet ir suvokti kūrybos ekologijų (Howkinsas 2010 esmę, kuri remiasi Johno Howkinso (2007 išplėtota kūrybos ekonomikos teorija. Anot Howkinso (2010, nūdienos ekologinės ir ekonominės krizės gi­lumo suvokimas reikalauja iš mūsų adekva

MRI Anatomical Correlates of Reading and Language Deficits

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J Gordon Millichap

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Neuroanatomical correlates of developmental dyslexia (DD, defined by isolated reading deficits, and specific language impairment (SLI, defined by poor receptive and expressive language skills, were examined using MR imaging in a heterogeneous sample of 14 boys and 8 girls (11-16 yers of age with learning disabilities, in a study at University of Florida; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and other centers.

Innovations in Language Learning: The Oregon Chinese Flagship Model

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Carl Falsgraf

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Language learning in the United States suffers from a culture of low expectations. Lacking bilingual role models around them, students often view language class as, at best, a way to become a tourist in a country with a language different from their own. Monolingual policymakers assume that learning another language fluently is impossible and inconsequential, since they themselves are capable professionals with one language. Educators, discouraged by years of inadequate funding and support, have come to hope for nothing more than incremental improvements. The National Flagship Language Program (NFLP aims to break this cycle of low expectations and low results by providing funding to institutions willing to accept the challenge of producing Superior (Level 3 language users through a radical re-engineering of the language learning enterprise. The need for fundamental change in language education is longstanding, but the events of September 11 brought the importance of this need to the awareness of national policymakers. Due to the emphasis of critical languages, responsibility for carrying out this fundamental re-examination of language learning has fallen to those engaged in the less commonly taught languages. 1

18F-FET microPET and microMRI for anti-VEGF and anti-PlGF response assessment in an orthotopic murine model of human glioblastoma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nedergaard, Mette Kjoelhede; Michaelsen, Signe Regner; Urup, Thomas

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Conflicting data exist for anti-cancer effects of anti-placental growth factor (anti-PlGF) in combination with anti-VEGF. Still, this treatment combination has not been evaluated in intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) xenografts. In clinical studies, position emission tomography (PET) using......-FET MicroPET and MicroMRI for evaluation of anti-VEGF and anti-PlGF treatment response in GBM xenografts. METHODS: Mice with intracranial GBM were treated with anti-VEGF, anti-PlGF + anti-VEGF or saline. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), 18F-FET MicroPET and T2-weighted (T2w)-MRI were used to follow tumour...... development. Primary end-point was survival, and tumours were subsequently analysed for Ki67 proliferation index and micro-vessel density (MVD). Further, PlGF and VEGFR-1 expression were examined in a subset of the xenograft tumours and in 13 GBM patient tumours. RESULTS: Anti-VEGF monotherapy increased...

Acquisition of speech rhythm in first language.

Science.gov (United States)

Polyanskaya, Leona; Ordin, Mikhail

2015-09-01

Analysis of English rhythm in speech produced by children and adults revealed that speech rhythm becomes increasingly more stress-timed as language acquisition progresses. Children reach the adult-like target by 11 to 12 years. The employed speech elicitation paradigm ensured that the sentences produced by adults and children at different ages were comparable in terms of lexical content, segmental composition, and phonotactic complexity. Detected differences between child and adult rhythm and between rhythm in child speech at various ages cannot be attributed to acquisition of phonotactic language features or vocabulary, and indicate the development of language-specific phonetic timing in the course of acquisition.

Efectos del ácido giberélico y el desmane sobre las características del racimo en plátano Dominico Hartón

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Osorio César Augusto

2008-12-01

Full Text Available

language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA";;">Para establecer si la aplicación de ácido incrementa el efecto benéfico del desmane sobre las características del racimo de plátano Dominico Hartón, se llevó a cabo un experimento en la granja Montelindo (Palestina, Caldas. Quince días después de floración los racimos se dejaron con seis manos. El ácido giberélico, 1.000 mg L^-1, se aplicó a los 15, 45 y 75 después de floración. Se empleó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en un arreglo factorial de 2 x 2 x 3 (desmane, aplicación de la hormona, época de aplicación. El desmane mejoró significativamente el peso del racimo; la aplicación de ácido giberélico, incluso en racimos sin desmane, también mejoró significativamente la calidad de los frutos; la época de aplicación de la hormona causó aumentos altamente significativos en el peso del racimo de la primera mano y en el peso promedio del dedo; el mejor efecto sobre las características del racimo se logró con el desmane y la aplicación de la hormona a los 15 días después de la floración.

El Datamart en una empresa industrial del sector plástico

OpenAIRE

Mellado Flores, Rubén Roberto; Mellado Flores, Rubén Roberto

2002-01-01

Pensamos que una empresa que quiera ser competitiva en los actuales momentos debe adoptar los conceptos de la administración digital y en lo relacionado al Front-offíce establecer sistemas del tipo CRM, Administración de las Relaciones con los Clientes. Parte central de éstos sistemas son los Datamart. En el presente trabajo queremos demostrar que con el uso de la Tecnología de la Información podemos obtener ventaja competitiva, para lo cuál planteamos el uso del Datamart. Primero pl...

Language Analysis in the Context of the Asylum Process: Procedures, Validity, and Consequences

Science.gov (United States)

Reath, Anne

2004-01-01

In 1993, the language section of the Swedish Migration Board initiated the production of documents they called "language analyses" to aid in the processing of asylum seekers. Today, 11 years later, 2 privately owned companies in Stockholm produce these documents. These companies have produced language analyses not only for the Swedish…

Clinical and microbiological aspects of the use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strains in proctological patients with symptoms of chronic proctitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Borycka-Kiciak, K; Strus, M; Pietrzak, P; Wawiernia, K; Mikołajczyk, D; Gałęcka, M; Heczko, P; Tarnowski, W

2017-06-30

Recurrent proctitis and the symptoms associated therewith pose significant clinical problem in proctological patients. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain on the clinical presentation and composition of intestinal microbiota in patients with symptoms of proctitis in the course of hemorrhoidal disease and diverticulosis. Material consisted of 24 patients in whom no complete clinical improvement could be obtained after the treatment of the underlying disease. Subject to the assessment was the presence and the intensity of clinical symptoms as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of bacterial flora detected in the stool before, during and after a 9-week supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain. In the entire study group, the intensity of pain after 12 weeks was significantly lower (p=0,.011) compared to baseline; the intensity of flatulence and abdominal discomfort was reduced significantly as early as after 3 weeks, with the difference reaching a highly significant level after 12 weeks (pP<0,.0001). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of the reported episodes of diarrhea, constipation, as well as itching and burning in the anal region. As early as after 3 weeks of supplementation with the probiotic L. rhamnosus PL1 strain, significant qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the composition of intestinal microbiota; the changes differed depending on the underlying disease. An increase in the total counts of the bacteria of Lactobacillus genus, particularly L. rhamnosus PL1 strain was observed regardless of the underlying disease. Tthe probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 strain appears to be useful in restoring appropriate ratios of bacterial populations in patients presenting with symptoms of proctitis in the course of the treatment of certain diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Astronomia.pl: Ideas for the International Year of Astronomy 2009

Science.gov (United States)

Czart, K.; Pomierny, J.

2008-06-01

Astronomia.pl is an internet portal for Polish-speaking people. As a website, most of our activities in IYA2009 will focus on the internet and other electronic media. We will prepare a content-rich website, in cooperation with the Polish committee for IYA2009. We present some extended suggestions for ideas proposed by the IAU, like postage stamps or mobile phone wallpapers, ring tones and themes and some original propositions like naming a small Solar System body for each country, a computer game, a stadium as a solar clock, a media event with thousands of amateur astronomers in one place and a network of cities.

Tip-of-the-tongue in a second language: the effects of brief first-language exposure and long-term use.

Science.gov (United States)

Kreiner, Hamutal; Degani, Tamar

2015-04-01

Bilinguals have more tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) incidents than monolinguals. Whereas previous research has focused on differences in the long term language experience between these groups, the present study examined the hypothesis that both long-term and transient context factors modulate TOT rates. Russian-Hebrew bilinguals who acquired Hebrew either early (11years) were compared to native Hebrew speakers on a picture naming task in Hebrew, before and after viewing a short movie in Russian. Both the short-term context (before-after the movie) and long-term language experience modulated TOT rates: Late bilinguals exhibited significantly higher TOT rates than early bilinguals who did not significantly differ from native Hebrew speakers. Critically, following the Russian movie, bilinguals in both groups differed from the native speakers of the target language. Thus, exposure to the non-target language exerted a global, non-item-specific, cross-language interference effect. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of the bilingual system in which both short and long-term language experience operate to influence bilingual performance. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Language problems in children with ADHD: a community-based study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sciberras, Emma; Mueller, Kathryn L; Efron, Daryl; Bisset, Matthew; Anderson, Vicki; Schilpzand, Elizabeth J; Jongeling, Brad; Nicholson, Jan M

2014-05-01

To examine the prevalence of language problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus non-ADHD controls, and the impact of language problems on the social and academic functioning of children with ADHD. Children (6 to 8 years) with ADHD (n = 179) and controls (n = 212) were recruited through 43 Melbourne schools. ADHD was assessed by using the Conners 3 ADHD Index and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. Oral language was assessed by using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, fourth edition, screener. Academic functioning was measured via direct assessment (Wide Range Achievement Test 4) and teacher report (Social Skills Improvement System). Social functioning was measured via parent and teacher report (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Social Skills Improvement System). Logistic and linear regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and child comorbidities. Children with ADHD had a higher prevalence of language problems than controls after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 5.1). Compared with children with ADHD alone, those with language problems had poorer word reading (mean difference [MD], -11.6; 95% CI, -16.4 to -6.9; effect size, -0.7), math computation (MD, -11.4; 95% CI, -15.0 to -7.7; effect size, -0.8), and academic competence (MD, -10.1; 95% CI, -14.0 to -6.1; effect size, -0.7). Language problems were not associated with poorer social functioning. Children with ADHD had a higher prevalence of language problems than controls, and language problems in children with ADHD contributed to markedly poorer academic functioning. Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Strengthening Homeland Security through Improved Foreign Language Capability

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

several languages.‖ See Merriam-Webster Online, s.v. ―linguist,‖ accessed 16 MAY 11, http://www.merriam-webster.com/ dictionary /linguist. 7 Ambrose...proficiency.362 Given that one observer has aptly characterized America as ―Profoundly Monolingual ,‖363 such changes in public opinion are unlikely...93 language proficiency,365 organizations will continue to produce less-than-professional- level linguists, and America may prove itself monolingual

La leyenda madrileña del reloj de las monjas de San Plácido y el Semanario Pintoresco Español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Labrador Ben, Julia M.ª

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Many researchers and writers have written about the legend of the Monastery de la Encarnación, formerly the convent of San Plácido, starting, in many cases, with the text published by Carlos García Doncel in the Semanario Pintoresco Español . The sect of the Illuminati, the convent’s “possessed”, Felipe IV’s love affair with the novice Margarita, and the clock that the King bought her as a present, which sounded a death knell each quarter, are the core narrative elements of the legend of the clock of San Plácido.El madrileño Monasterio de la Encarnación, antes Convento de San Plácido, ha hecho correr ríos de tinta tanto por parte de investigadores como de numerosos literatos que partieron, en muchos casos, del texto publicado en el Semanario Pintoresco Español, escrito por Carlos García Doncel. La secta de los iluminati, las endemoniadas del convento, los amores de Felipe IV con la novicia Margarita y el reloj que regaló el Rey, que durante todos los cuartos sonaba a toque de difuntos, son los elementos narrativos nucleares de la leyenda del reloj de San Plácido.

Language Training

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

Permanence A "permanence" for language Training has been set up. If anyone has a question or requires information on any aspect of English or French training please come to our office 5 4-016 at the following times. Lucette Fournier - French courses Monday 13.30 - 15.30 Tuesday\t10.30 - 12.30 Tessa Osborne - English courses Wednesday\t12.00 - 14.00 Thursday\t11.00 - 13.00   New courses Specific English and French courses - Exam preparation/ We are now offering specific courses in English and French leading to a recognised external examination (e.g. Cambridge, DELF, DALF). If you are interested in following one of these courses and have at least an upper intermediate level of English or French, please enrol through the following link:  English courses French courses Or contact: Tessa Osborne 72957 (English courses) Lucette Fournier 73483 (French courses) Language Training Nathalie Dumeaux Tel. 78144 nathalie.dumeaux@cern.ch

Language Training

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

2009-01-01

PermanenceA "permanence" for language Training has been set up. If anyone has a question or requires information on any aspect of English or French training please come to our office 5 4-016 at the following times. Lucette Fournier French courses Monday 13.30 - 15.30 Tuesday\t10.30 - 12.30 Tessa Osborne English courses Wednesday\t12.00 - 14.00 Thursday\t11.00 - 13.00 New courses Specific English and French courses - Exam preparation/ We are now offering specific courses in English and French leading to a recognised external examination (e.g. Cambridge, DELF and BULATS). If you are interested in following one of these courses and have at least an upper intermediate level of English or French, please enrol through the following link: http://English courses http://French courses Or contact: Tessa Osborne 72957 (English courses) Lucette Fournier 73483 (French courses) Language Training Nathalie Dumeaux Tel. 78144 mailto:nathalie.dumeaux@cern.ch

Some photosynthetic and growth responses of Annona glabra L. seedlings to soil flooding Algumas respostas fotossintéticas e do crescimento de plântulas de Annona glabra L. ao alagamento do solo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo S. Mielke

2005-12-01

Full Text Available An experiment was conducted with the aim to analyze the effects of soil flooding and leaf position on net primary productivity and whole plant carbon balance of Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae seedlings, a highly flood-tolerant tree, native to the tropical Americas. All seedlings survived a period of 56 days of flooding without symptoms of stress. Flooding induced significant increments in root, stem and whole-plant biomass (P Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos do alagamento e da posição das folhas na produtividade primária líquida e no balanço de carbono em plântulas de Annona glabra L. (Annonaceae, uma espécie altamente tolerante ao alagamento e nativa na América tropical. Todas as plântulas sobreviveram ao período de alagamento de 56 dias sem apresentarem sintomas de estresse. O alagamento induziu incrementos significativos (P <0,01 na biomassa de raízes, caules e planta inteira, e na razão raízes/parte aérea. Medições das trocas gasosas foliares foram conduzidas aos quatro, 11, 18 e 56 dias após o alagamento, na primeira (L1, quarta (L4 e sétima (L7 folha completamente expandida a partir do ápice em cada plântula. Os valores médios da condutância estomática ao vapor de água (g s e da taxa fotossintética líquida (A nas plântulas controle foram 0,26 mol m-2s-1 e 8,8 µmol m-2s-1, respectivamente. Reduções significativas (P <0,05 em A foram observadas entre L1 e L7 nas plântulas controle em todos os três dias de medições. As reduções em A com o aumento da idade foliar também ocorreram nas plantas alagadas, apenas nos dias 4 e 18. O alagamento induziu alterações significativas em gs (P <0,05, alcançando 65% em relação ao controle no dia 4 e 152% em relação ao controle no dia 56. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que as elevadas taxas de sobrevivência e de crescimento de plântulas de A. glabra estão diretamente relacionadas com a capacidade de manter

Vozes diluídas no plágio: a (desconstrução autoral entre alunos de licenciaturas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wagner Teixeira Dias

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Tendo como foco os trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por alunos de licenciaturas como instrumento avaliativo, apresentam-se aqui implicações do plágio na diluição da autoria. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 licenciandos e 09 professores de licenciaturas, aferiu-se como o plágio é compreendido e como a pesquisa tem sido gerenciada nos cursos de licenciatura. Constatou-se que a orientação e o ensino de pesquisa têm sido deficitários e que os licenciandos não são formados para pesquisar ou ensinar seus futuros alunos a investigar. Assim, tanto se aponta para a necessidade de uma reflexão que dê ênfase à sensibilização para questões éticas, de orientação e de sanção para os casos de reincidência no plágio, como também, e de forma propositiva, debate-se a importância da construção da autoria na escola. Apoiados na teoria bakhtiniana, acredita- -se no diálogo entre vozes polifônicas para promover autorias e construção de conhecimento.

Emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taubert sob diferentes substratos Emergence and early growth of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taubert seedlings under different substrata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edna Ursulino Alves

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taubert. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação pertencente ao Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Foram comparados os substratos areia lavada (T1; areia lavada + vermiculita na proporção de 1:1 (T2, 3:1 (T3 e 1:3 (T4; terra vegetal (T5, terra vegetal + areia lavada na proporção de 1:1 (T6, 3:1 (T7 e 1:3 (T8, terra vegetal + vermiculita na proporção de 1:1 (T9, 3:1 (T10 e 1:3 (T11, vermiculita (T12, bioclone® (T13, bioplant® (T14 e plugmix® (T15. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso com 15 tratamentos (substratos e quatro repetições de 25 sementes. A avaliação do efeito foi feita através da determinação de: porcentagem de emergência, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade, tempo médio e frequência relativa de emergência, comprimento e massa seca da raiz e parte aérea das plântulas. Diante dos resultados, constatou-se que os substratos comerciais puros vermiculita, bioclone®, bioplant® e plugmix®, bem como a mistura de areia lavada + vermiculita na proporção de 3:1, terra vegetal + areia lavada na proporção de 1:1 e terra vegetal + vermiculita na proporção de 1:3 são menos eficientes para condução de testes de emergência de plântulas de canafístula, enquanto o substrato areia lavada + vermiculita na proporção de 3:1 é mais eficiente em detectar diferenças de vigor nas sementes dos diferentes tratamentos.This work carried out to determine substrate for germination and vigor tests of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taubert seeds. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Were compared the substrates sand (T1; sand + vermiculite in

Crescimento sustentável da indústria de plásticos criando estratégias de ação.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James T. C. Wright

2004-06-01

Full Text Available As empresas que produzem plásticos enfrentam o enorme desafio de como assegurar a sustentabilidade de um setor cujos produtos, uma vez descartados, levam mais de 300 anos para a degradação. No Brasil, o consumo per capita de plásticos passará de aproximadamente 20 kg/ano para cerca de 35 kg/ano em 2010, totalizando 6,5 milhões de toneladas/ano. Diante desse contexto, e da necessidade de o setor estabelecer as bases para um crescimento ambientalmente sustentável, os autores propõem um programa de ação para incrementar a reciclagem de plásticos no País. Foi utilizada uma metodologia de Estruturação para Mudança, com aplicação das técnicas Análise e Estruturação de Modelos e Delphi para a definição de estratégias e ações para o setor, a partir de uma visão integrada do problema.

Assessing Language Needs Within an Institutional Context: An Ethnographic Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Holliday, Adrian

1995-01-01

This article describes an analysis of English-language needs of an oil company in the Middle East, exploring the role of ethnography in carrying out the holistic research necessary to obtain a clear picture of the company's needs. It includes a discussion of the project's findings and recommendations for language training. (11 references) (MDM)

Collecting and evaluating speech recognition corpora for 11 South African languages

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Badenhorst, J

2011-08-01

Full Text Available . In addition, speech-based access to information may empower illiterate or semi-literate peo- ple, 98% of whom live in the developing world. SDSs can play a useful role in a wide range of applications. Of particular importance in Africa are applications... speech (i.e. appropriate for the recognition task in terms of the language used, the profile of the speakers, speaking style, etc.) This speech generally needs to be curated and transcribed prior to the development of ASR sys- tems, and for most...

Periodic assessment of plasma sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations and its association with placental morphometry in gestational hypertension (GH) - a prospective follow-up study.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeevaratnam, Kamalan; Nadarajah, Vishna Devi; Judson, John Paul; Nalliah, Sivalingam; Abdullah, Mohd Farouk

2010-09-28

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy contributes to about 12% of maternal deaths in Malaysia and similarly worldwide. Early detection and adequate management are preventable strategies. Biochemical markers of abnormal angiogenesis would be more specific in early detection than routine blood pressure and proteinuria measurements. The aim of this study was to estimate maternal plasma PlGF and sFlt-1 levels in pregnant women with gestational hypertension at three intervals of pregnancy and correlate these biomarker levels with placental morphometry. Venous blood samples (antepartum, intrapartum and post partum periods) were drawn to estimate for sFlt-1 and PlGF levels while placental tissue samples were examined for placental morphometry. PlGF levels were lower in gestational hypertension (GH) compared to normotensive during antepartum and intrapartum period, whereas sFlt-1 levels were elevated in GH at antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum intervals during pregnancy. An inverse relationship between these two biomarkers was observed through correlation analysis. PlGF levels were inversely correlated with total villous surface area of the placental periphery (TCsa-C) and villous capillarization (VC-C) of the placental periphery. We established periodic values of for sFlt-1 and PlGF levels for the first time in an ethnically diverse Malaysian setting. We suggest the development of GH in women is related to defective capillarization. In demonstrating periodic changes, this study suggest the possibility of developing GH and other long term health complications as a result of prolonged exposure to sFlt-1. The correlation between PlGF levels and morphometric findings also support possible capillarization defect.

Language variety, language hierarchy, and language choice in the international university

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haberland, Hartmut; Mortensen, Janus

2012-01-01

Introduction to thematic issue on Language variety, language hierarchy, and language choice in the international university......Introduction to thematic issue on Language variety, language hierarchy, and language choice in the international university...

Patterns of language and auditory dysfunction in 6-year-old children with epilepsy.

Science.gov (United States)

Selassie, Gunilla Rejnö-Habte; Olsson, Ingrid; Jennische, Margareta

2009-01-01

In a previous study we reported difficulty with expressive language and visuoperceptual ability in preschool children with epilepsy and otherwise normal development. The present study analysed speech and language dysfunction for each individual in relation to epilepsy variables, ear preference, and intelligence in these children and described their auditory function. Twenty 6-year-old children with epilepsy (14 females, 6 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y-6 y 11 mo) and 30 reference children without epilepsy (18 females, 12 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y-6 y 11 mo) were assessed for language and auditory ability. Low scores for the children with epilepsy were analysed with respect to speech-language domains, type of epilepsy, site of epileptiform activity, intelligence, and language laterality. Auditory attention, perception, discrimination, and ear preference were measured with a dichotic listening test, and group comparisons were performed. Children with left-sided partial epilepsy had extensive language dysfunction. Most children with partial epilepsy had phonological dysfunction. Language dysfunction was also found in children with generalized and unclassified epilepsies. The children with epilepsy performed significantly worse than the reference children in auditory attention, perception of vowels and discrimination of consonants for the right ear and had more left ear advantage for vowels, indicating undeveloped language laterality.

Antimicrobial potential of triticale stillage after lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1

OpenAIRE

Kujundžić Žužana; Dimić Gordana R.; Markov Siniša L.; Kocić-Tanackov Sunčica D.; Mojović Ljiljana V.; Pejin Jelena D.; Marković Milica N.

2013-01-01

This study is concerned with the testing of antimicrobial activity of triticale stillage obtained after lactic fermentation by Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1. The antimicrobial tests were performed using the disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. It was found that fermented triticale stillage after lactic acid fermentation exhibited an inhibitory effect towards tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis,...

Arte de recreo: La experiencia plástica como medio educativo

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Romero, María

2016-01-01

Este proyecto propone defender un arte colectivo que funcione en su plenitud con la colaboración del público. Hace uso del factor procesual y relacional para acercarlo a las personas que no tienen noción del arte contemporáneo. Propone hacer partícipe al espectador de la creación plástica y otorgar más importancia a la experiencia que adquieran que a su resultado final. Tenemos la intención de reencantar el arte a través de la atracción, la estética y el juego. Buscamos influir...

de artes plásticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julieta Castro Bonilla

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El texto que a continuación presento, surge de una investigación en la que participan docentes que imparten lecciones en instituciones del sistema educativo y se preocupan por renovar sus prácticas pedagógicas con el propósito de que sus estudiantes ¬-niños y adolescentes-apliquen los aprendizajes mediante nuevas formas de expresión artística. En el artículo se menciona la metodología que aplica esa investigación, la cual se organiza mediante “fases” que facilitan espacios reflexivos que permiten valorar el trabajo docente mediante el enfoque cualitativo que promueve la investigación-acción en el aula. También se hace referencia a la fundamentación de una práctica pedagógica que le permite al profesor y a sus estudiantes, la posibilidad de asignar nuevos significados al trabajo que se realiza dentro y fuera del contexto escolar. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunas propuestas metodológicas que se dirigen de manera especial a quienes imparten lecciones de artes plásticas en la educación secundaria, aunque se pueden adecuar a otras poblaciones estudiantiles, mediante la planificación de proyectos que tiendan a mejorar las experiencias artísticas de quienes participan en los procesos de aprendizaje. Se espera que el texto facilite la organización de investigaciones que favorezcan la innovación en el aula.

La Educación Plástica en el segundo ciclo de la Educación Infantil, fomentando la creatividad

OpenAIRE

Rupérez de Grado, Marta

2013-01-01

Este trabajo de carácter teórico-práctico presenta el estudio de la situación actual de la Educación Plástica teniendo en cuenta sus antecedentes. Muestra en profundidad esta disciplina, sus aportaciones y beneficios para la formación de la persona.Investiga sobre la opinión que tienen respecto al tema docentes y familias y parte de estos resultados para proponer actividades adecuadas a la forma correcta en que queremos promulgar que se trabaje la Educación Plástica Grado en Educación Infa...

Plan de desarrollo estratégico para la compañía plásticos chempro: línea hogar

OpenAIRE

Coello Cazar, David; Plaza De La Rosa, Vanessa; Pastor Lopez, Bolivar

2009-01-01

El tema presentado es un Plan de Desarrollo Estratégico, también llamado Plan de Mercadeo que se realizó a una compañía que produce y comercializa productos plásticos en cuatro diferentes líneas de producción: Línea Hogar (con productos para la cocina, baño y limpieza), Línea Juguetería, Línea Avícola (comederos y bebederos par animales de granja, especialmente pollos) y Línea Industrial (casilleros de seguridad fabricados en plásticos). El estudio se enfocó exclusivamente a la línea Hoga...

Processamento de plásticos e materiais compósitos: comportamento mecânico de componentes em serviço

OpenAIRE

Capela, Carlos Alexandre Bento

2010-01-01

As vantagens dos materiais plásticos, tais como facilidade de processamento, baixo custo, alta produtividade e versatilidade, permite obter plásticos e materiais compósitos de matriz polimérica para um grande número de aplicações em engenharia. Os materiais compósitos são, actualmente, muito utilizados não só na indústria aeroespacial, mas, também, num crescente número de aplicações de Engenharia Mecânica, tais como componentes de máquinas, vasos de pressão, equipamentos industriais de proces...

Las Artes Plásticas como medio articulador del currículo escolar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alba Fernández-Zamora

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Recibido 2 de noviembre de 2006 • Aprobado 30 de noviembre de 2006   Este ensayo se basa en la experiencia realizada por una maestra, en la cual integra el currículum, correlacionando las disciplinas de la matemática, ciencias, estudios sociales y español a través de los elementos del lenguaje plástico. La experiencia se desarrolló en una escuela rural costarricense.

Language and pragmatic functions in school-age children on the autism spectrum.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramberg, C; Ehlers, S; Nydén, A; Johansson, M; Gillberg, C

1996-01-01

This study examined group differences in language and pragmatic functions across sex-, age- and IQ-matched samples of Asperger syndrome (N = 22), high-functioning autism (N = 11), deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) (N = 11), and speech and language disorder (SLD) (N = 11) groups. The purpose was to explore possible differentiating features in the fields of vocabulary, comprehension and pragmatics and, in addition, to determine whether Asperger syndrome could be reliably separated from high-functioning autism on these variables. The findings suggest that Asperger syndrome may be associated with higher full-scale and verbal IQ than high-functioning autism; Asperger syndrome may not be associated with better pragmatic skills (as defined in this context) than high-functioning autism; language comprehension may not clearly separate Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism once the effects of very low IQ are partialled out; both DAMP and SLD can be distinctly separated from Asperger syndrome and autism.

Rapid application development using the Tcl/Tk language

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

van Zeijts, J.

1995-01-01

During the last year, high level applications at CEBAF were written using the Tcl/Tk scripting language. This language is rapidly gaining in popularity, in part due to ease of constructing programs with X11 graphical user interfaces, and in part to ease of adding compiled user code for specialized purposes. Extensions to the language provide object oriented programming, which was used to develop a hierarchy of classes relevant for high level accelerator control. We describe basic language features, some 3rd party add-on packages, and local additions to the toolbox. Next we describe features of the accelerator object hierarchy, and finally describe applications written using this toolbox such as the ModelServer prototype, Slow Orbit and Energy Lock, the Linac Energy Management System, and other applications

Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation

Science.gov (United States)

Bishop, Dorothy V.M.

2018-01-01

Background It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD). There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline) and on language laterality assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). Methods From a sample of twin children aged from 6;0 to 11;11 years, we identified 107 cases of DLD and 156 typically-developing comparison cases for whom we had useable data from fTCD yielding a laterality index (LI) for language function during an animation description task. Handedness data were also available for these children. Results Indices of handedness and language laterality for this twin sample were similar to those previously reported for single-born children. There were no differences between the DLD and TD groups on measures of handedness or language lateralisation, or on a categorical measure of consistency of left hemisphere dominance. Contrary to prediction, there was a greater incidence of right lateralisation for language in the TD group (19.90%) than the DLD group (9.30%), confirming that atypical laterality is not inconsistent with typical language development. We also failed to replicate associations between language laterality and language test scores. Discussion and Conclusions Given the large sample studied here and the range of measures, we suggest that previous reports of atypical manual or language lateralisation in DLD may have been false positives. PMID:29333343

Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander C. Wilson

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD. There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline and on language laterality assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD. Methods From a sample of twin children aged from 6;0 to 11;11 years, we identified 107 cases of DLD and 156 typically-developing comparison cases for whom we had useable data from fTCD yielding a laterality index (LI for language function during an animation description task. Handedness data were also available for these children. Results Indices of handedness and language laterality for this twin sample were similar to those previously reported for single-born children. There were no differences between the DLD and TD groups on measures of handedness or language lateralisation, or on a categorical measure of consistency of left hemisphere dominance. Contrary to prediction, there was a greater incidence of right lateralisation for language in the TD group (19.90% than the DLD group (9.30%, confirming that atypical laterality is not inconsistent with typical language development. We also failed to replicate associations between language laterality and language test scores. Discussion and Conclusions Given the large sample studied here and the range of measures, we suggest that previous reports of atypical manual or language lateralisation in DLD may have been false positives.

Respuesta de plántulas de café a la fertilización foliar y la aplicación de pulpa de café compostada.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Posada Tobón Claudia

2003-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de plántulas de café a la aplicación de fertilizantes foliares y compost de pulpa de café como parte del sustrato de crecimiento. Las plántulas de café (Coffea arabica L c.v. Colombia se transplantaron a bolsas plásticas que contenían suelo (Typic Dystrudept o una mezcla suelo con pulpa (suelo+pulpa en proporción 3:1. Treinta días después del trasplante las plántulas de café recibieron uno de cinco fertilizantes foliares (16-16-2-EM, 18-10-4-EM, 10-4-7-0.5, 12-60-0 y 7.5-0.5-3.5. Las aplicaciones se repitieron cada treinta días durante los siguientes cinco meses. Para ambos sustratos (suelo y suelo+pulpa se incluyeron testigos sin fertilización foliar. Los tratamientos se organizaron en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Mensualmente se evaluó el número de hojas y la altura de las plantas. Ciento ochenta días después del trasplante se cosecharon las plántulas y se determinó la masa seca aérea y radical. Los resultados indican que solamente hubo respuesta significativa (P  0.01 de las plántulas de café a la fertilización foliar cuando el sustrato fue suelo+pulpa. El fertilizante foliar 12-60-0 incrementó significativamente el crecimiento de las plantas por encima de los otros fertilizantes. Los resultados son discutidos en términos de los cambios en la fertilidad del suelo debido a la aplicación de la pulpa de café y al balance nutricional que pueden proveer los fertilizantes foliares.

Aphasia, an acquired language disorder

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2009-10-11

Oct 11, 2009 ... In this article we will review the types of aphasia, an approach to its diagnosis, aphasia subtypes, rehabilitation and prognosis. ... language processing in both the written and spoken forms.6 ... The angular gyrus (Brodman area 39) is located at the .... of his or her quality of life, emotional state, sense of well-.

Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad en la empresa de maduración y venta de Plátanos, Plátanos Mochilo, S.A.

OpenAIRE

Fuentes-Cantó, Carlos

2012-01-01

El presente trabajo de fin de máster consiste en aplicar todos los conocimientos obtenidos a lo largo de este máster en la implantación de un sistema de calidad, según las directrices de la Norma ISO 9001. Para ello, y con ayuda de la empresa donde he realizado las prácticas de empresa, se ha planteado una empresa dedicada al sector hortofrutícola, concretamente a la maduración y comercialización de plátanos. Gracias a todos los compañeros de esta empresa, he podido conocer de pri...

Modelo de Programación Lineal Multiobjetivo para la Logística Inversa en el Sector Plástico de Polipropileno

OpenAIRE

De la Hoz, Efraín; Vélez, Jorge; López, Ludys

2017-01-01

En esta investigación se presenta un modelo de programación lineal multiobjetivo para la logística inversa del sector plástico de polipropileno. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de los referentes teóricos relacionados con el proceso de recuperación del plástico de polipropileno a partir de residuos sólidos urbanos y los desperdicios de los procesos industriales. Seguidamente se definió un modelo de programación lineal multiobjetivo el cual incorpora las variables y parámetros identificados ...

Language Planning and Planned Languages: How Can Planned Languages Inform Language Planning?

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Humphrey Tonkin

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The field of language planning (LP has largely ignored planned languages. Of classic descriptions of LP processes, only Tauli (preceded by Wüster suggests that planned languages (what Wüster calls Plansprache might bear on LP theory and practice. If LP aims "to modify the linguistic behaviour of some community for some reason," as Kaplan and Baldauf put it, creating a language de novo is little different. Language policy and planning are increasingly seen as more local and less official, and occasionally more international and cosmopolitan. Zamenhof's work on Esperanto provides extensive material, little studied, documenting the formation of the language and linking it particularly to issues of supranational LP. Defining LP decision-making, Kaplan & Baldauf begin with context and target population. Zamenhof's Esperanto came shortly before Ben-Yehuda's revived Hebrew. His target community was (mostly the world's educated elite; Ben-Yehuda's was worldwide Jewry. Both planners were driven not by linguistic interest but by sociopolitical ideology rooted in reaction to anti-Semitism and imbued with the idea of progress. Their territories had no boundaries, but were not imaginary. Function mattered as much as form (Haugen's terms, status as much as corpus. For Zamenhof, status planning involved emphasis on Esperanto's ownership by its community - a collective planning process embracing all speakers (cf. Hebrew. Corpus planning included a standardized European semantics, lexical selectivity based not simply on standardization but on representation, and the development of written, and literary, style. Esperanto was successful as linguistic system and community language, less as generally accepted lingua franca. Its terminology development and language cultivation offers a model for language revival, but Zamenhof's somewhat limited analysis of language economy left him unprepared to deal with language as power.

Periodic assessment of plasma sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations and its association with placental morphometry in gestational hypertension (GH - a prospective follow-up study

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Nalliah Sivalingam

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy contributes to about 12% of maternal deaths in Malaysia and similarly worldwide. Early detection and adequate management are preventable strategies. Biochemical markers of abnormal angiogenesis would be more specific in early detection than routine blood pressure and proteinuria measurements. The aim of this study was to estimate maternal plasma PlGF and sFlt-1 levels in pregnant women with gestational hypertension at three intervals of pregnancy and correlate these biomarker levels with placental morphometry. Methods Venous blood samples (antepartum, intrapartum and post partum periods were drawn to estimate for sFlt-1 and PlGF levels while placental tissue samples were examined for placental morphometry. Results PlGF levels were lower in gestational hypertension (GH compared to normotensive during antepartum and intrapartum period, whereas sFlt-1 levels were elevated in GH at antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum intervals during pregnancy. An inverse relationship between these two biomarkers was observed through correlation analysis. PlGF levels were inversely correlated with total villous surface area of the placental periphery (TCsa-C and villous capillarization (VC-C of the placental periphery. Conclusion We established periodic values of for sFlt-1 and PlGF levels for the first time in an ethnically diverse Malaysian setting. We suggest the development of GH in women is related to defective capillarization. In demonstrating periodic changes, this study suggest the possibility of developing GH and other long term health complications as a result of prolonged exposure to sFlt-1. The correlation between PlGF levels and morphometric findings also support possible capillarization defect.

Interoperable domain-specific languages families for code generation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Malohlava, M.; Plášil, F.; Bureš, Tomáš; Hnětynka, P.

2013-01-01

Roč. 43, č. 5 (2013), s. 479-499 ISSN 0038-0644 R&D Projects: GA ČR GD201/09/H057 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) ASCENS 257414 Grant - others:GA AV ČR(CZ) GAP103/11/1489 Program:FP7 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : code generation * domain specific languages * models reuse * extensible languages * specification * program synthesis Subject RIV: JC - Computer Hardware ; Software Impact factor: 1.148, year: 2013

Simulation of LSI-11/PDP-11 series minicomputers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myers, J.R.; Cottrell, R.L.A.; Bricaud, B.M.

1979-04-01

A functional simulation of te PDP-11 series minicomputers was implemented to run either interactively or as a batch job on an IBM 370 computer. The simulator operates in two modes, the supervisor mode and the run mode. In the supervisor mode, the simulator implements a command language, which allows users to examine and change the contents of memory or other addressable registers in the simulated machine. Optionally, an instruction trace may also be turned on or off. In the run mode, the simulation of the instruction set is tested by successfully running DEC's MAINDEC basic instruction test on the simulated machine. The interrupt structure is modeled. The simulation is open ended in the sense that users may define new peripheral devices, by including their own FORTRAN callable subroutines for each simulated device. Currently the following devices are supported: floppy disks, a console terminal, a card reader, a card punch, a line printer, and a communications multiplexer (DH11). With these devices DEC's RT-11 versions 2C and 3B have been successfully run on the simulator. At SLAC this simulator is proving useful in debugging software for one-of-a-kind hardware configurations, such as communications front end processors, that are not readily accessible for stand alone testing. 5 figures

Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody That Attenuates Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Pregnancy Complications and Thrombosis

Science.gov (United States)

Mineo, Chieko; Lanier, Lane; Jung, Eunjeong; Sengupta, Samarpita; Ulrich, Victoria; Sacharidou, Anastasia; Tarango, Cristina; Osunbunmi, Olutoye; Shen, Yu-Min; Salmon, Jane E.; Brekken, Rolf A.; Huang, Xianming; Shaul, Philip W.

2016-01-01

In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), patients produce antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that promote thrombosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current therapy with anticoagulation is only partially effective and associated with multiple complications. We previously discovered that aPL recognition of cell surface β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) initiates apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2)-dependent signaling in endothelial cells and in placental trophoblasts that ultimately promotes thrombosis and fetal loss, respectively. Here we sought to identify a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to β2-GPI that negates aPL-induced processes in cell culture and APS disease endpoints in mice. In a screen measuring endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity in cultured endothelial cells, we found that whereas aPL inhibit eNOS, the mAb 1N11 does not, and instead 1N11 prevents aPL action. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that 1N11 decreases pathogenic antibody binding to β2-GPI, and it blocks aPL-induced complex formation between β2-GPI and apoER2. 1N11 also prevents aPL antagonism of endothelial cell migration, and in mice it reverses the impairment in reendothelialization caused by aPL, which underlies the non-thrombotic vascular occlusion provoked by disease-causing antibodies. In addition, aPL inhibition of trophoblast proliferation and migration is negated by 1N11, and the more than 6-fold increase in fetal resorption caused by aPL in pregnant mice is prevented by 1N11. Furthermore, the promotion of thrombosis by aPL is negated by 1N11. Thus, 1N11 has been identified as an mAb that attenuates APS-related pregnancy complications and thrombosis in mice. 1N11 may provide an efficacious, mechanism-based therapy to combat the often devastating conditions suffered by APS patients. PMID:27463336

Language balance and switching ability in children acquiring English as a second language.

Science.gov (United States)

Goriot, Claire; Broersma, Mirjam; McQueen, James M; Unsworth, Sharon; van Hout, Roeland

2018-09-01

This study investigated whether relative lexical proficiency in Dutch and English in child second language (L2) learners is related to executive functioning. Participants were Dutch primary school pupils of three different age groups (4-5, 8-9, and 11-12 years) who either were enrolled in an early-English schooling program or were age-matched controls not on that early-English program. Participants performed tasks that measured switching, inhibition, and working memory. Early-English program pupils had greater knowledge of English vocabulary and more balanced Dutch-English lexicons. In both groups, lexical balance, a ratio measure obtained by dividing vocabulary scores in English by those in Dutch, was related to switching but not to inhibition or working memory performance. These results show that for children who are learning an L2 in an instructional setting, and for whom managing two languages is not yet an automatized process, language balance may be more important than L2 proficiency in influencing the relation between childhood bilingualism and switching abilities. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of topiramate on language functions in newly diagnosed pediatric epileptic patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Sun Jun; Kim, Moon Yeon; Choi, Yoon Mi; Song, Mi Kyoung

2014-09-01

The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of topiramate on language functions in newly diagnosed pediatric epileptic patients. Thirty-eight newly diagnosed epileptic patients were assessed using standard language tests. Data were collected before and after beginning topiramate during which time a monotherapy treatment regimen was maintained. Language tests included the Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities, a Korean version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. We used language tests in the Korean version because all the patients were spoken Korean exclusively in their families. All the language parameters of Test of Language Problem Solving Abilities worsened after initiation of topiramate (determine cause, 13.2 ± 4.8 to 11.2 ± 4.3; problem solving, 14.8 ± 6.0 to 12.8 ± 5.0; predicting, 9.8 ± 3.6 to 8.8 ± 4.6). Patients given topiramate exhibited a shortened mean length of utterance in words during response (determine cause, 4.8 ± 0.9 to 4.3 ± 0.7; making inference, 4.5 ± 0.8 to 4.1 ± 1.1; predicting, 5.2 ± 1.0 to 4.7 ± 0.6; P language of patients after taking topiramate (95.4 ± 20.4 to 100.8 ± 19.1). Our data suggest that topiramate may have negative effects on problem-solving abilities in children. We recommend performing language tests should be considered in children being treated with topiramate. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Imagen, artista y enfermedad en la creación plástica

OpenAIRE

Sánchez García, Nieves

2013-01-01

NOTA 520 8 La Tesis Doctoral, titulada “Imagen, artista y enfermedad en la creación plástica“, tiene como objetivo investigar y establecer la relación entre el arte, - como proceso creativo- y la enfermedad, entendida esta como un factor importante e, incluso, decisivo en la propia configuración de la imagen y de la personalidad del artista. Como punto de partida, se procede a analizar diacrónicamente y con profundidad el concepto de “la leyenda del artista” y la consideración social de la...

The First Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophage Endolysin (PlyPl23) with High Potential to Control American Foulbrood.

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Ana; Leite, Marta; Kluskens, Leon D; Santos, Sílvio B; Melo, Luís D R; Azeredo, Joana

2015-01-01

Endolysins, which are peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes expressed during the terminal stage of the reproduction cycle of bacteriophages, have great potential to control Gram-positive pathogens. This work describes the characterization of a novel endolysin (PlyPl23) encoded on the genome of Paenibacillus larvae phage phiIBB_Pl23 with high potential to control American foulbrood. This bacterial disease, caused by P. larvae, is widespread in North America and Europe and causes important economic losses in apiculture. The restriction to antibiotic residues in honey imposed by the EU legislation hinders its therapeutic use to combat American foulbrood and enforces the development of alternative antimicrobial methods. The new endolysin described herein has an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase catalytic domain and exhibits a broad-spectrum activity against common P. larvae genotypes. Moreover, the enzyme displays high antimicrobial activity in a range of pH that matches environmental conditions (pH between 5.0 and 7.0), showing its feasible application in the field. At pH 7.0, a concentration of 0.2 μM of enzyme was enough to lyse 104 CFU.mL-1 of P. larvae in no more than 2 h. The presence of sucrose and of the substances present in the larvae gut content did not affect the enzyme activity. Interestingly, an increase of activity was observed when PlyPl23 was previously incubated in royal jelly. Furthermore, in vivo safety evaluation assays demonstrated that this enzyme is not toxic to the bee larvae. The present work describes for the first time an endolysin encoded in a P. larvae phage that presents high potential to integrate a commercial product to control the problematic American foulbrood.

Implementing GraphQL as a Query Language for Deductive Databases in SWI-Prolog Using DCGs, Quasi Quotations, and Dicts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Falco Nogatz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The methods to access large relational databases in a distributed system are well established: the relational query language SQL often serves as a language for data access and manipulation, and in addition public interfaces are exposed using communication protocols like REST. Similarly to REST, GraphQL is the query protocol of an application layer developed by Facebook. It provides a unified interface between the client and the server for data fetching and manipulation. Using GraphQL's type system, it is possible to specify data handling of various sources and to combine, e.g., relational with NoSQL databases. In contrast to REST, GraphQL provides a single API endpoint and supports flexible queries over linked data. GraphQL can also be used as an interface for deductive databases. In this paper, we give an introduction of GraphQL and a comparison to REST. Using language features recently added to SWI-Prolog 7, we have developed the Prolog library GraphQL.pl, which implements the GraphQL type system and query syntax as a domain-specific language with the help of definite clause grammars (DCG, quasi quotations, and dicts. Using our library, the type system created for a deductive database can be validated, while the query system provides a unified interface for data access and introspection.

Seeking a Valid Gold Standard for an Innovative, Dialect-Neutral Language Test

Science.gov (United States)

Pearson, Barbara Zurer; Jackson, Janice E.; Wu, Haotian

2014-01-01

Purpose: In this study, the authors explored alternative gold standards to validate an innovative, dialect-neutral language assessment. Method: Participants were 78 African American children, ages 5;0 (years;months) to 6;11. Twenty participants had previously been identified as having language impairment. The Diagnostic Evaluation of Language…

Ingestão de plástico pelo atobá-mascarado, Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831, na Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, RN, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erich de Freitas Mariano

2012-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n4p285   Partículas plásticas constituem um dos poluentes mais comuns no ambiente marinho e atingem inclusive regiões com baixa densidade populacional humana. Frequentemente, essas partículas são ingeridas por diversos organismos marinhos, ocasionando problemas no trato digestivo, que podem culminar no enfraquecimento e morte do animal. Em um estudo acerca da alimentação de 631 Atobás-mascarados, Sula dactylatra, na Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, foram encontradas partículas plásticas no conteúdo estomacal de quatro indivíduos adultos. Os artefatos plásticos encontrados constituíam-se de um plástico transparente, um pedaço de rótulo de garrafa de água mineral, dois pedaços de plástico preto e um pedaço rígido pequeno e vermelho. O fluxo de embarcações, tanto pesqueiras quanto turísticas, no entorno da ReBio Atol das Rocas pode ser a fonte de origem das peças plásticas tanto nos conteúdos estomacais quanto os encontrados nas ilhas da reserva, evidenciando que ações antropogênicas já atingem áreas isoladas, as quais deveriam ter um elevado grau de proteção da biodiversidade. Diversas medidas podem ser tomadas para evitar eventos deletérios na biota marinha, porém há uma grande dificuldade em evitar o descarte de lixo proveniente de navios pesqueiros e de turismo, além dos materiais vindos do continente, sendo necessário um incremento nos esforços de conscientização e fiscalização.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

McDonald-McGinn, Donna M.; Sullivan, Kathleen E.; Marino, Bruno; Philip, Nicole; Swillen, Ann; Vorstman, Jacob A. S.; Zackai, Elaine H.; Emanuel, Beverly S.; Vermeesch, Joris R.; Morrow, Bernice E.; Scambler, Peter J.; Bassett, Anne S.

2016-01-01

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder, estimated to result mainly from de novo non-homologous meiotic recombination events occurring in approximately 1 in every 1,000 fetuses. The first description in the English language of the constellation of findings now known to be due to this chromosomal difference was made in the 1960s in children with DiGeorge syndrome, who presented with the clinical triad of immunodeficiency, hypoparathyroidism and congenital heart disease. The syndrome is now known to have a heterogeneous presentation that includes multiple additional congenital anomalies and later-onset conditions, such as palatal, gastrointestinal and renal abnormalities, autoimmune disease, variable cognitive delays, behavioural phenotypes and psychiatric illness — all far extending the original description of DiGeorge syndrome. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving paediatrics, general medicine, surgery, psychiatry, psychology, interventional therapies (physical, occupational, speech, language and behavioural) and genetic counselling. Although common, lack of recognition of the condition and/or lack of familiarity with genetic testing methods, together with the wide variability of clinical presentation, delays diagnosis. Early diagnosis, preferably prenatally or neonatally, could improve outcomes, thus stressing the importance of universal screening. Equally important, 22q11.2DS has become a model for understanding rare and frequent congenital anomalies, medical conditions, psychiatric and developmental disorders, and may provide a platform to better understand these disorders while affording opportunities for translational strategies across the lifespan for both patients with 22q11.2DS and those with these associated features in the general population. PMID:27189754

Propuesta estratégica de marketing para la comercialización de productos plásticos venezolanos en el mercado costarricense

OpenAIRE

Steblina de Zambrado, Jessica Alexandra

2006-01-01

Tesis de maestría -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Posgrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas con énfasis en Mercadeo y Ventas, 2006 El objetivo general del trabajo es brindar un marco de referencia basado en la investigación de mercados para los productos manufacturados de plástico de origen venezolano, a saber: envases y tapas plásticas del sector farmacéutico, en el mercado costarricense, con el fin de ofrecer a los ex...

Developing user-centered concepts for language learning video games

OpenAIRE

Poels, Yorick; Annema, Jan Henk; Zaman, Bieke; Cornillie, Frederik

2012-01-01

This paper will report on an ongoing project which aims to develop video games for language learning through a user-centered and evidence-based approach. Therefore, codesign sessions were held with adolescents between 14 and 16 years old, in order to gain insight into their preferences for educational games for language learning. During these sessions, 11 concepts for video games were developed. We noticed a divide between the concepts for games that were oriented towa...

The emergence of grammar in a language-ready brain. Comment on "Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology: Framing the language-ready brain" by Michael A. Arbib

Science.gov (United States)

Hawkins, John A.

2016-03-01

Arbib makes the interesting proposal [3, §1.6] that the first Homo sapiens could have been ;language-ready;, without possessing the kind of rich lexicon, grammar and compositional semantics that we see in the world's languages today. This early language readiness would have consisted of a set of ;protolanguage; abilities, which he enumerates (1-7 in §1.6), supported by brain mechanisms unique to humans. The transition to full ;language; (properties 8-11 in §1.6 and §3) would have required no changes in the genome, he argues, but could have resulted from cultural evolution plus some measure of Baldwinian evolution favoring offspring with greater linguistic skill. The full picture is set out in [1].

Efecto de diferentes presentaciones comerciales de plátano Hartón sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la Cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Nava

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo consistió en evaluar el efecto de las diferentes presentaciones comerciales del fruto de plátano Hartón (Musa AAB en racimos, en bolsas: presentaciones de 10 unidades y desgranado en cestas de 22 Kg sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada con un diseño experimental de campo, de bloques completos, al azar generalizado, La unidad experimental fue la pesada, compuesta por racimos de plátano hasta llegar a los 300 kg. Se realizaron mediciones de las variables: número de racimos, masa del racimo (kg, número de manos, número de dedos, kilos por cestas, ingresos, costos variables y la relación costo/beneficio. Se efectuó análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey con el paquete estadístico S.A.S. versión 9.1. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que la presentación en cestas (kilogramos fue la forma de presentación comercial que generó mejor relación costo-beneficio a los productores de plátano de dicha zona. Los productores de plátano dependieron de la modalidad de camionero-comerciante para la venta de sus frutos. La caracterización de la pesada de plátano como unidad de venta presentó una media de 223,44 manos, 41 racimos por pesada y 1.104,3 frutos de plátano. Se recomienda que los productores de plátano de ahora en adelante utilicen la forma de presentación comercial en cestas, lo que les generará mayores ingresos

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Levels of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF and Their Value for Predicting Short-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

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Antonia Barcelo

Full Text Available Placental growth factor (PlGF induces angiogenesis and promotes tissue repair, and plasma PlGF levels change markedly during acute myocardial infarction (AMI. Currently, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA in patients with AMI is a subject of debate. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between PlGF levels and both the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS and short-term outcomes after ACS in patients with and without OSA.A total of 538 consecutive patients (312 OSA patients and 226 controls admitted for ACS were included in this study. All patients underwent polygraphy in the first 72 hours after hospital admission. The severity of disease and short-term prognoses were evaluated during the hospitalization period. Plasma PlGF levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Patients with OSA were significantly older and more frequently hypertensive and had higher BMIs than those without OSA. After adjusting for age, smoking status, BMI and hypertension, PlGF levels were significantly elevated in patients with OSA compared with patients without OSA (19.9 pg/mL, interquartile range: 16.6-24.5 pg/mL; 18.5 pg/mL, interquartile range: 14.7-22.7 pg/mL; p1, even after adjustment.The results of this study show that in patients with ACS, elevated plasma levels of PlGF are associated with the presence of OSA and with adverse outcomes during short-term follow-up.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01335087.

Aggression and Withdrawal Related Behavior within Conflict Management Progression in Preschool Boys with Language Impairment

Science.gov (United States)

Horowitz, Laura; Westlund, Karolina; Ljungberg, Tomas

2007-01-01

Objective: This study examined conflict behavior in naturalistic preschool settings to better understand the role of non-affiliative behavior and language in conflict management. Method: Free-play at preschool was filmed among 20 boys with typically developing language (TL) and among 11 boys with Language Impairment (LI); the boys 4-7 years old.…

Plágio acadêmico: a responsabilidade das associações científicas

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Rosa Maria Cardoso Dalla Costa

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo faz uma análise da responsabilidade civil das associações científicas em relação ao plágio cometido por terceiros. Investiga de que forma essas associações podem ou não ser responsabilizadas por textos plagiados que lhe são apresentados e, consequentemente, publicados em seus websites. Propõe uma análise que relaciona o fenômeno das transformações sociais introduzidas pelas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação – TICs, em especial a internet, com a legislação vigente de proteção aos direitos do autor. A partir daí, fundamenta a análise conceitual da responsabilidade civil e das teorias da culpa e do risco. Finalmente, analisa as mudanças nesta relação introduzidas pelas NTICs e as interpretações a ela dadas pelo Marco Civil da Internet, em vigor desde 2014. Como conclusão, aponta que tais associações – equiparadas a portais de conteúdo da internet – podem ser responsabilizadas objetivamente em caso de plágio, se quando notificadas judicialmente não retirarem de seus websites os textos plagiados.

Caracteres das sementes, plântulas e plantas jovens de Ormosia arborea (Vell. Harms E Ormosia fastigiata Tul. (Leg-papilionoideae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Gurski

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Ormosia arborea (Vell. Harms e Ormosia fastigiata Tul. são espécies similares em muitos caracteres morfológicos, o que resulta em dificuldade na sua identificação, tanto em campo quanto em material herborizado. Neste estudo foram descritas as características morfológicas das sementes e morfoanatômicas das plântulas e plantas jovens de O. arborea e O. fastigiata, coletadas em restinga e em mata ciliar, respectivamente. Sementes e plântulas foram processadas segundo técnicas usuais. As sementes de O. arborea são mais pesadas e têm germinação hipógea criptocotiledonar. O caule contém tricomas tectores esparsos e grande quantidade de lenticelas e, na raiz, nodulações. A folha apresenta parênquima paliçádico de células mais curtas, com base mais larga e presença de pigmentos vacuolares, espaços intercelulares conspícuos no parênquima esponjoso, tricomas tectores restritos à nervura principal e células epidérmicas da face adaxial maiores que as da face abaxial. A germinação de O. fastigiata é fanerocotiledonar, e a plântula possui muitos tricomas ao longo do caule e lenticelas restritas à região basal deste. As folhas apresentam tricomas tectores em todas as nervuras, com parênquima paliçádico de células tipicamente alongadas e parênquima esponjoso com espaços intercelulares reduzidos. Tais características são consistentes para separar as plântulas e sementes dessas espécies, que têm a mesma denominação popular e contribuem com informações úteis para o meio produtivo.

Sobredotação e arte: Factores Influentes na Expressão Plástica de Alunos Sobredotados

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Marcela Pinho

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A problemática da educação dos sobredotados tem motivado as mais diversas reflexões e pesquisas conducentes a uma maior consciencialização das especificidades destes alunos e, por conseguinte, a uma actuação mais ajustada dos professores e demais agentes educativos. A sobredotação e a expressão plástica constituem o núcleo de estudo do trabalho que divulgamos neste artigo, onde se assumem os seguintes objectivos: (i identificar as características da criatividade e os sinais de motivação que se revelam na expressão plástica de crianças/jovens sobredotados; (ii apontar os principais factores influentes na produção plástica dos alunos sobredotados que, neste domínio, evidenciam criatividade e motivação. The issue of gifted education has motivated many different reflections and research leading to greater awareness of the specificities of these students and, therefore, a more adjusted performance of teachers and other educational agents. Giftedness and plastic expression are the core of work study disclosed that this article, where the following objectives are: (i to identify the characteristics of creativity and the motivation signs revealed in the plastic expression of gifted children/youngsters; (ii to recognize the main influencing factors in the plastic production of gifted students that, in this area, show creativity and motivation.

Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis Emergência de plântulas de trigo estimadas a partir da análise de sementes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandra Augusti Boligon

2011-06-01

Full Text Available There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L. seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii initial germination counting, (iii accelerated ageing, (iv cold test without soil, (v germination speed index, and (vi emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.Existem inúmeros testes de vigor que podem ser utilizados na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, porém, são poucos os estudos que relacionam estes testes com a emergência de plântulas das culturas. Identificaram-se variáveis da análise de sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. que mais bem predizem a emergência de plântulas dessa cultura. Um lote de sementes de trigo do cultivar CEP 30 foi dividido em dois sublotes, sendo um submetido

Lesion characteristics driving right-hemispheric language reorganization in congenital left-hemispheric brain damage.

Science.gov (United States)

Lidzba, Karen; de Haan, Bianca; Wilke, Marko; Krägeloh-Mann, Ingeborg; Staudt, Martin

2017-10-01

Pre- or perinatally acquired ("congenital") left-hemispheric brain lesions can be compensated for by reorganizing language into homotopic brain regions in the right hemisphere. Language comprehension may be hemispherically dissociated from language production. We investigated the lesion characteristics driving inter-hemispheric reorganization of language comprehension and language production in 19 patients (7-32years; eight females) with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions (periventricular lesions [n=11] and middle cerebral artery infarctions [n=8]) by fMRI. 16/17 patients demonstrated reorganized language production, while 7/19 patients had reorganized language comprehension. Lesions to the insular cortex and the temporo-parietal junction (predominantly supramarginal gyrus) were significantly more common in patients in whom both, language production and comprehension were reorganized. These areas belong to the dorsal stream of the language network, participating in the auditory-motor integration of language. Our data suggest that the integrity of this stream might be crucial for a normal left-lateralized language development. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Technical Training: Places available

CERN Multimedia

Monique Duval

2005-01-01

The number of places available may vary. Please check our Web site to find out the current availability. Places are available in the following courses: The JAVA Programming Language Level 1: 11 & 12.1.2005 (2 days) Introduction to XML : 13 & 14.1.2005 (2 days) The CERN EDMS for Local Administrators: 19 & 20.1.2005 (2 days - free course) Programmation Unity-Pro pour utilisateurs de Schneider PL7-Pro : 24 - 28.1.2005 (8 demi-journées) LabVIEW base 1/basics 1 : 31.1 - 1.2.2005 (2 j size="2">LabVIEW base 2/basics 2 : 3 & 4.2.2005 (2 jours/2 days - langue à décider/language to be decided) Finite State Machines in the JCOP Framework: 1 - 3.2.2005 (3 days - free course) The JAVA Programming Language Level 2: 7 - 9.2.2005 (3 days) C++ Programming Advanced -Traps and Pitfalls: 8 - 11.2.2005 (4 days) Joint PVSS JCOP Framework: 14 - 18.2.2005 (5 days) JAVA 2 Enterprise Edition - Part 1: ...

Reciclagem de materiais plásticos: a importância da identificação correta Plastic materials recycling: the importance of the correct identification

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Leda Coltro

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Muitos produtos de material plástico apresentam código de identificação (normalmente um número de 1 a 7 dentro de um triângulo de três setas e sob o mesmo uma abreviatura indicando o tipo de plástico do qual o produto é feito para auxiliar sua separação e posterior reciclagem e revalorização, contribuindo com a recuperação dos materiais plásticos descartados com o resíduo sólido urbano. Como as embalagens têm rotatividade alta, é importante que as mesmas apresentem o símbolo de identificação da resina a fim de facilitar a cadeia de reciclagem do plástico. Neste trabalho, foi feito um levantamento de dados sobre os símbolos de identificação dos materiais plásticos em um total de 177 embalagens plásticas rígidas para o acondicionamento de diversos produtos alimentícios e não alimentícios disponíveis no mercado brasileiro. Apesar da norma brasileira ABNT NBR 13230 já ter 14 anos, há ainda heterogeneidade na identificação das embalagens plásticas. Somente cerca de 80% das embalagens avaliadas apresentaram o símbolo de identificação da resina. Além disso, em alguns casos até 40% das embalagens apresentaram a identificação do material de forma incorreta. Portanto, ainda existe informação errônea no mercado brasileiro sobre o tipo de material da embalagem plástica (incluindo ausência do símbolo de identificação, bem como falta de informação sobre o símbolo correto de identificação da resina, sendo que ambos os fatores prejudicam a cadeia de reciclagem do plástico.Many plastic-based products show a resin identification code - usually a number from 1 to 7 inside a three-arrow triangle above a monogram - to identify the type of plastic used to make the product, for assisting in its separation and later recycling. In other words, to facilitate the recovery of plastics discarded with the municipal solid waste. Since packages have a high rotation, the presence of the resin identification code is

Preschool language interventions for latino dual language learners with language disorders: what, in what language, and how.

Science.gov (United States)

Simon-Cereijido, Gabriela

2015-05-01

About a quarter of young children in the United States are dual language learners. The large majority are Latino children who are exposed to Spanish in their homes. The language needs of Latino dual language preschoolers are different from the needs of monolingual English-speaking children. As a group, they are likely to live in environments that put them at risk of delays in language development. This situation is direr for dual language preschoolers with language impairment. Recent findings from studies on interventions for Spanish-English preschoolers with language impairment suggest that a bilingual approach does not delay English vocabulary and oral language learning and promotes Spanish maintenance. Targets and strategies for different language domains are described. The effects of pullout versus push-in interventions for this population are preliminarily explored. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Ladrillos y placas prefabricadas con plásticos reciclados aptos para la autoconstrucción

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Rosana Gaggino

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Esta publicación trata sobre una investigación llevada a cabo en el CEVE relativa a la fabricación de elementos constructivos utilizando materiales plásticos reciclados. La investigación ha logrado los siguientes objetivos: Tecnológico: desarrollar componentes de construcción livianos, de buena aislación térmica, y resistencia mecánica suficiente para cumplir la función de cerramiento lateral de viviendas. Ecológico: colaborar en la descontaminación del medio ambiente. Económico: abaratar costos en la producción de elementos constructivos para la vivienda de interés social. Social: poner en manos de auto-constructores la elaboración de los componentes constructivos. De género: desarrollar una tecnología constructiva apta para mujeres, por la liviandad de los componentes. Se utilizan como materia prima materiales reciclados plásticos, promoviendo el uso racional de recursos disponibles en lugar de enterrarlos, quemarlos o acumularlos en basureros al aire libre; aplicando procedimientos de elaboración que no son contaminantes del medio ambiente, por lo cual es una tecnología sustentable.

Estudo do crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cereus jamacaru DC em diferentes substratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wanderlucia Silva Rodrigues

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de Cereus jamacaru DC, em substratos a base de fibra de coco e casca de arroz carbonizada. Os tratamentos utilizados foram dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado constituídos por cinco substratos a base de fibra de coco (FC e casca de arroz carbonizado (CAC, misturados com diferentes proporções volumétricas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se dos substratos 100% FC (T1, 100% CAC (T2, 75%FC+25%CAC (T3, 50%FC+50%CAC (T4, e 25%FC+75%CAC (T5. Cada tratamento foi composto por 14 repetições com 2 plantas por tratamento. Caixas de plástico transparente foram utilizados como recipientes. Aos 125 dias após o transplantio, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis das plântulas: comprimento, número, massa fresco e massa seco de raiz; massa fresco e massa seco da parte aérea; comprimento da parte aérea. Nas condições do experimento, conclui-se que o substrato composto somente por fibra de coco apresentou melhores resultados em todas as variáveis analisadas.

Meio século de artes plásticas em Cuba

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Adelaida de Juan

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante as recentes décadas, as artes plásticas em Cuba desenvolveram diversas tendências como a abstração, o fotorrealismo, o neoexpressionismo, o conceitualismo etc., enquanto algumas temáticas e alguns caracteres cuja base remete às culturas afro-cubanas são mantidos. Às manifestações com antecedentes nacionais se agregará, como manifestação orgânica, o design gráfico, que vem se constituindo numa escola de particularidades próprias. Na atualidade proliferam as instalações e as performances, muitas vezes com caráter interdisciplinar, como no caso da video art.Durante las recientes décadas, las artes plásticas en Cuba han desarrollado diversas tendencias como la abstracción, el fotorrealismo, el neoexpresionismo, el conceptualismo, etc., mientras mantienen algunas temáticas y caracteres cuya base se remite a las culturas afrocubanas. A las manifestaciones con antecedentes nacionales se añadirá, como manifestación orgánica, el diseño gráfico que se ha constituido en una escuela de caracteres propios. En la actualidad proliferan las instalaciones y los performances, a menudo con carácter interdisciplinario, así como el video art.During recent decades, several trends have emerged in the Cuban visual arts, e.g., abstraction, photorealism, neoexpressionism and conceptualism, among others, without losing sight of certain themes and characters based on Afro-Cuban cultures. To the manifestations of a national heritage should be added, as an organic expression, graphic design, which is becoming a school with unique features. Today, we have a proliferation of performances and installations, often of interdisciplinary nature, as is the case of video art.

Monogenic and chromosomal causes of isolated speech and language impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Barnett, C P; van Bon, B W M

2015-11-01

The importance of a precise molecular diagnosis for children with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy has become widely accepted and genetic testing is an integral part of the diagnostic evaluation of these children. In contrast, children with an isolated speech or language disorder are not often genetically evaluated, despite recent evidence supporting a role for genetic factors in the aetiology of these disorders. Several chromosomal copy number variants and single gene disorders associated with abnormalities of speech and language have been identified. Individuals without a precise genetic diagnosis will not receive optimal management including interventions such as early testosterone replacement in Klinefelter syndrome, otorhinolaryngological and audiometric evaluation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, cardiovascular surveillance in 7q11.23 duplications and early dietary management to prevent obesity in proximal 16p11.2 deletions. This review summarises the clinical features, aetiology and management options of known chromosomal and single gene disorders that are associated with speech and language pathology in the setting of normal or only mildly impaired cognitive function. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

The First Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophage Endolysin (PlyPl23 with High Potential to Control American Foulbrood.

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Ana Oliveira

Full Text Available Endolysins, which are peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes expressed during the terminal stage of the reproduction cycle of bacteriophages, have great potential to control Gram-positive pathogens. This work describes the characterization of a novel endolysin (PlyPl23 encoded on the genome of Paenibacillus larvae phage phiIBB_Pl23 with high potential to control American foulbrood. This bacterial disease, caused by P. larvae, is widespread in North America and Europe and causes important economic losses in apiculture. The restriction to antibiotic residues in honey imposed by the EU legislation hinders its therapeutic use to combat American foulbrood and enforces the development of alternative antimicrobial methods. The new endolysin described herein has an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase catalytic domain and exhibits a broad-spectrum activity against common P. larvae genotypes. Moreover, the enzyme displays high antimicrobial activity in a range of pH that matches environmental conditions (pH between 5.0 and 7.0, showing its feasible application in the field. At pH 7.0, a concentration of 0.2 μM of enzyme was enough to lyse 104 CFU.mL-1 of P. larvae in no more than 2 h. The presence of sucrose and of the substances present in the larvae gut content did not affect the enzyme activity. Interestingly, an increase of activity was observed when PlyPl23 was previously incubated in royal jelly. Furthermore, in vivo safety evaluation assays demonstrated that this enzyme is not toxic to the bee larvae. The present work describes for the first time an endolysin encoded in a P. larvae phage that presents high potential to integrate a commercial product to control the problematic American foulbrood.

Accelerated aging and seedling field emergence in soybean Envelhecimento acelerado e emergência de plântulas de soja em campo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reynaldo Melo Torres

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Information regarding the relationship between laboratory seed vigor testing and seedling field emergence is very important to estimate seed performance after sowing and help producers adopt the best procedures to improve stand establishment. The objective of the present study was to relate accelerated aging (AA test results to soybean [Glycine max (L. Merrill] seedling field emergence results based on data obtained over three agricultural years. The following evaluations were made: seed water content, standard germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seedling field emergence. There was a close association between planting environmental conditions, seed physiological quality and seedling field emergence. The most accurate predictions were obtained for AA values > 90%, when field emergence was higher than 80% (r² = 0.90. Based on the results it was concluded that the AA test provided an accurate estimate of field emergence of soybean seedlings. However, as seedbed environmental conditions became less favorable, the ability of the AA test to estimate field performance significantly decreased.Informações sobre a relação entre resultados de testes de vigor conduzidos em laboratório e da emergência de plântulas em campo são fundamentais para a tomada de decisões pelos produtores de sementes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre os resultados do teste de envelhecimento acelerado e a emergência de plântulas de soja [Glycine max (L. Merrill] em campo, em diferentes safras agrícolas e épocas de semeadura. Assim, foram efetuadas as seguintes avaliações: determinação do grau de umidade das sementes; testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica, bem como emergência de plântulas em campo. A estimativa mais precisa do desempenho das plântulas em campo foi verificada numa faixa de valores de envelhecimento acelerado > 90%, estimando emergência em campo

Design de joias a partir de aspectos plásticos da dança conteporânea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliana Paula Calegari

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo consiste em mostrar de maneira objetiva e clara as etapas de desenvolvimento do projeto de uma coleção de joias a partir de aspectos plásticos da dança contemporânea. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram realizadas pesquisas em torno do design de joias e a dança contemporânea, sendo utilizada como referência no processo criativo durante a projetação das peças. Desenvolveram-se alternativas de solução através de desenhos e traços de composição de referenciais plásticos da dança onde se procurou seguir uma linguagem visual uniforme nos esboços, a fim de materializá-los em modelos artesanais, com as características dos valores estéticos simbólicos da dança contemporânea.

Morfologia de Plântulas e Controle de Patógenos em Sementes de Cordia trichotoma

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Álvaro Luis Pasquetti Berghetti

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever morfologicamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas de Cordia trichotoma, determinar a influência dos tratamentos de semente e do substrato na redução da incidência de patógenos, assim como avaliar o potencial germinativo das sementes. O teste de sanidade foi realizado em esquema bifatorial 2 × 4 (dois tipos de beneficiamento e quatro tratamentos de sementes. O teste de germinação representou um esquema trifatorial 2 × 4 × 3 (dois beneficiamentos, quatro tratamentos de sementes e três substratos. O início da germinação ocorreu no 18° dia após a instalação do teste. A germinação das sementes é do tipo epígea, com plântula fanerocotiledonar. O percentual germinativo das sementes é superior quando é retirado todo o perianto, independentemente do substrato utilizado e do tratamento. O tratamento com Captan® reduziu a incidência de fungos dos gêneros Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp.

Cobertura plástica e densidade de plantio na qualidade das frutas de Physalis peruviana L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Henrique Abreu Moura

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Physalis peruviana L. é uma espécie pertencente à família Solanaceae, que vem sendo incorporada em plantios de pequenas frutas, com alto potencial produtivo para regiões subtropicais. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a qualidade das frutas de P. peruviana L., produzidas com ou sem cobertura plástica sobre o dossel das plantas e em duas densidades de plantio (0,5 e 1,0 m entre plantas, sendo de 3,0 m o espaçamento entre linhas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com seis blocos e dez plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas as características qualitativas das frutas, como coloração, quantidade de antocianinas totais, vitamina C, cinzas, sólidos solúveis totais, sacarose, glicose, açúcares totais, acidez titulável, firmeza e umidade. A maior densidade de plantio e o plantio sem cobertura plástica sobre o dossel das plantas resultaram em melhor qualidade das frutas de P. peruviana L.

Language

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sanden, Guro Refsum

2016-01-01

Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the consequences of globalisation in the area of corporate communication, and investigate how language may be managed as a strategic resource. Design/methodology/approach: – A review of previous studies on the effects of globalisation on corporate...... communication and the implications of language management initiatives in international business. Findings: – Efficient language management can turn language into a strategic resource. Language needs analyses, i.e. linguistic auditing/language check-ups, can be used to determine the language situation...... of a company. Language policies and/or strategies can be used to regulate a company’s internal modes of communication. Language management tools can be deployed to address existing and expected language needs. Continuous feedback from the front line ensures strategic learning and reduces the risk of suboptimal...

Development of a spoken language identification system for South African languages

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Peché, M

2009-12-01

Full Text Available , and complicates the design of the system as a whole. Current benchmark results are established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Language Recognition Evaluation (LRE) [12]. Initially started in 1996, the next evaluation was in 2003..., Gunnar Evermann, Mark Gales, Thomas Hain, Dan Kershaw, Gareth Moore, Julian Odell, Dave Ollason, Dan Povey, Valtcho Valtchev, and Phil Woodland: “The HTK book. Revised for HTK version 3.3”, Online: http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/., 2005. [11] M.A. Zissman...

A reciclagem de resíduos plásticos pós-consumo em oito empresas do Rio Grande do Sul

OpenAIRE

Aline Marques Rolim

2000-01-01

O tema do presente estudo é a reciclagem de resíduos plásticos pós-consumo. Resíduos pósconsumo são resíduos provenientes do descarte de produtos pelos consumidores A sua reciclagem permite a recuperação do seu valor econômico, através do seu reaproveitamento como matéria-prima, e a redução do volume de resíduos a serem dispostos em aterros, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Além disso, esta atividade tende a crescer, uma vez que o consumo do plástico vem aumentando no Brasil, ...

The Plurilingual Social Actor. Language, Citizenship and Education

Science.gov (United States)

Coste, Daniel; Simon, Diana-Lee

2009-01-01

The paper critically discusses key theoretical concepts and definitions attached to the notion of a "plurilingual social actor", and assesses their impact and implications for European language policies and for the development of plurilingualism and citizenship in schools. (Contains 11 notes.)

Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa - Vol ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

INCORPORATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (FFL) IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF KENYA · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Teresa Atieno Otieno, 1-11 ...

Comparison of fMRI data from passive listening and active-response story processing tasks in children.

Science.gov (United States)

Vannest, Jennifer J; Karunanayaka, Prasanna R; Altaye, Mekibib; Schmithorst, Vincent J; Plante, Elena M; Eaton, Kenneth J; Rasmussen, Jerod M; Holland, Scott K

2009-04-01

To use functional MRI (fMRI) methods to visualize a network of auditory and language-processing brain regions associated with processing an aurally-presented story. We compare a passive listening (PL) story paradigm to an active-response (AR) version including online performance monitoring and a sparse acquisition technique. Twenty children (ages 11-13 years) completed PL and AR story processing tasks. The PL version presented alternating 30-second blocks of stories and tones; the AR version presented story segments, comprehension questions, and 5-second tone sequences, with fMRI acquisitions between stimuli. fMRI data was analyzed using a general linear model approach and paired t-test identifying significant group activation. Both tasks showed activation in the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus bilaterally, and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The AR task demonstrated more extensive activation, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior/posterior cingulate cortex. Comparison of effect size in each paradigm showed a larger effect for the AR paradigm in a left inferior frontal region-of-interest (ROI). Activation patterns for story processing in children are similar in PL and AR tasks. Increases in extent and magnitude of activation in the AR task are likely associated with memory and attention resources engaged across acquisition intervals.

Macro-IML manual for DEC PDP 11 computer with controller DEC CA 11-A/BORER type 1,533 A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubitz, M.; Kind, R.

1975-03-01

The IML-implementations follow the Macro-Syntax as given in Appendix A of the document 'CAMAC. The Definitior of IML (A Language For Use in CAMAC Systems)'. This document has been adopted as a description by ESONE and AEC NIM in August/September 74 and has been published in October 74. They have been designed for the DEC PDP 11 computer with the branch controller DEC CA 11-A and the Single Crate Controller BORER Type 1,533 A. For both DEC operating systems, DOS V08/09 and RSX-11D/M a full set of macros has been implemented except the block transfer on special LAM, X-error control statements and the subscript mode. Transfer modes not implemented by the hardware of the CA 11-A are simulated by software. (orig.) [de

Long-period ground motions at near-regional distances caused by the PL wave from, inland earthquakes: Observation and numerical simulation of the 2004 Mid-Niigata, Japan, Mw6.6 earthquake

Science.gov (United States)

Furumura, T.; Kennett, B. L. N.

2017-12-01

We examine the development of large, long-period ground motions at near-regional distances (D=50-200 km) generated by the PL wave from large, shallow inland earthquakes, based on the analysis of strong motion records and finite-difference method (FDM) simulations of seismic wave propagation. PL wave can be represented as leaking modes of the crustal waveguide and are commonly observed at regional distances between 300 to 1000 km as a dispersed, long-period signal with a dominant period of about 20 s. However, observations of recent earthquakes at the dense K-NET and KiK-net strong motion networks in Japan demonstrate the dominance of the PL wave at near-regional (D=50-200 km) distances as, e.g., for the 2004 Mid Niigata, Japan, earthquake (Mw6.6; h=13 km). The observed PL wave signal between P and S wave shows a large, dispersed wave packet with dominant period of about T=4-10 s with amplitude almost comparable to or larger than the later arrival of the S and surface waves. Thus, the early arrivals of the long-period PL wave immediately after P wave can enhance resonance with large-scale constructions such as high-rise buildings and large oil-storage tanks etc. with potential for disaster. Such strong effects often occurred during the 2004 Mid Niigata earthquakes and other large earthquakes which occurred nearby the Kanto (Tokyo) basin. FDM simulation of seismic wave propagation employing realistic 3-D sedimentary structure models demonstrates the process by which the PL wave develops at near-regional distances from shallow, crustal earthquakes by constructive interference of the P wave in the long-period band. The amplitude of the PL wave is very sensitive to low-velocity structure in the near-surface. Lowered velocities help to develop large SV-to-P conversion and weaken the P-to-SV conversion at the free surface. Both effects enhance the multiple P reflections in the crustal waveguide and prevent the leakage of seismic energy into the mantle. However, a very

Problems in the acquisition of Noun Class 11 among Xhosa children ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

While there has been research on the partial or complete merger of Noun Classes 5 and 11 in a number of Bantu languages, no study has focused specifically on the acquisition of Cl. 11 by Xhosa-speaking children. In this paper we test our hypothesis that Xhosa-speaking children in both urban and rural areas no longer, ...

Strong carrier localization in stacking faults in semipolar (11-22) GaN

Science.gov (United States)

Okur, Serdal; Monavarian, Morteza; Das, Saikat; Izyumskaya, Natalia; Zhang, Fan; Avrutin, Vitaliy; Morkoç, Hadis; Özgür, Ümit

2015-03-01

The effects of stacking faults (SFs) on optical processes in epitaxially grown semipolar (1122) GaN on m-sapphire substrate have been investigated in detail using steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time- and polarization-resolved PL. We demonstrate that the carrier recombination dynamics are substantially influenced due to strong carrier localization in the stacking faults. In addition to nonradiative recombination, carrier trapping/detrapping and carrier transfer between the stacking faults and donors are also found to be among the mechanisms affecting the recombination dynamics at different temperatures. PL decay times of both I1-type BSF and 3.31 eV SF (E-type BSF or prismatic stacking fault) do not show temperature dependence up to 80 K while 3.31 eV SF exhibits longer PL decay times (~3 ns) at low temperatures as compared to I1-type BSF (~1 ns), indicative of lower efficiency for radiative recombination. After 80 K, PL decay times decreased by power of ~-1 and ~-2 for 3.31 eV SF and I1-type BSF, respectively. It is obtained from radiative decay times with respect to temperature that the carrier localization becomes higher in I1-type BSF compared to 3.31 eV SF increasing the temperature. I1-type BSF also shows higher PL intensity, which is attributed to larger density, and therefore, larger contribution to recombination dynamics as compared to other type of stacking faults. Polarization-resolved PL measurements also revealed that the degree of polarization for the I1-type BSF (0.30) was twice that for the 3.31 eV SF.

Estrategias para el desarrollo empresarial: Asociatividad en el sector plástico venezolano

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María Antonia Cervilla de Olivieri

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Sobre la base de una iniciativa de colaboración puesta en marcha por un conjunto de empresas del sector plástico venezolano, este trabajo pretende ilustrar los beneficios que otorga la participación en redes empresariales e identificar los retos para su consolidación, a fin de proponer recomendaciones para el diseño de estrategias de desarrollo empresarial. La investigación se realizó siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, con base en el enfoque del estudio de caso. Se discuten los marcos conceptuales pertinentes y se presenta el caso de la Corporación de Plásticos Mirandino (CORPLAMI, consorcio de empresas fabricantes de empaques flexibles que inició actividades en 1999, describiéndose su evolución y analizando las barreras superadas para la conformación del grupo así como las amenazas a su sostenibilidad. El caso presentado está basado en la conformación de una red horizontal, donde las empresas cooperan en algunas actividades pero compiten entre sí en un mismo mercado, esperando obtener beneficios individuales de la acción conjunta. Esta experiencia muestra que el camino a seguir para la conformación de redes de empresas pasa por la definición y la ejecución de una estrategia empresaria instrumentada a través de acciones que persiguen los objetivos de mejora en la productividad y en la competitividad.

Maravilhas zoológicas na "Enciclopédia" de Plínio, o Velho, a partir de duas sugestões de Ítalo Calvino

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Matheus Trevizam

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, gostaríamos de apresentar algumas ideias presentes no livro VIII da obra Naturalis Historia, de autoria do escritor romano Plínio, o Velho. Para isso, depois de situar Plínio do ponto de vista humano, intelectual e histórico em sua própria época, passamos a examinar como o autor fez a abordagem do assunto dos elefantes e de vários seres fabulosos (como dragões e basiliscos na mesma parcela da obra citada. No primeiro caso, assim como o Virgílio do livro IV das Geórgicas (que esse poeta dedicou à apicultura, Plínio desejou mostrar a sociedade animal focalizada como algo, ao mesmo tempo, muito próximo e distante da cultura e dos sentimentos humanos. Quanto à abordagem pliniana de seres que hoje diríamos “monstruosos” por sua desmesura, forte hibridização ou capacidade de lesar bastante os homens ou outras criaturas, nota-se que o autor antigo parece realizá-la com a naturalidade de alguém ciente do caráter altamente inventivo das forças geradoras atuantes no mundo. Nesse movimento de deter-se sobre os aspectos bizarros do mundo, Plínio foi posteriormente seguido de perto por Jorge Luis Borges, autor de O livro dos seres imaginários.

Cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos e aclimatação de plântulas de coqueiro-anão In vitro culture of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palm

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Ana da Silva Lédo

2007-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar os protocolos de cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos e de aclimatação de plântulas de coqueiro-anão-verde do Brasil de Jiqui (Cocos nucifera L.. Os embriões zigóticos maduros, colocados assepticamente em meio de cultura líquido Y3 suplementado com 27,8 mg L-1 de Fe2SO4.7H2O e 60 g L-1 de sacarose, apresentaram maior germinação e formação de plântulas normais. As plântulas transferidas para meio indutor de enraizamento Y3, gelificado e suplementado com 1 mg L-1 de ANA, 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 2,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado, apresentaram incremento do desenvolvimento radicular e da parte aérea. Na fase de aclimatação, o substrato composto por areia lavada e pó de casca de coco seco, na proporção de 1:1, proporcionou maior sobrevivência das plântulas (58,33%, maior crescimento da parte aérea (39,08 cm e maior número de folhas (6,33. Os protocolos estabelecidos para o cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos e a aclimatação de coqueiro-anão-verde de Jiqui podem ser utilizados no intercâmbio e conservação de germoplasma.The objective of this work was to improve the protocols for culture and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.. Mature zygotic embryos, cultivated in vitro aseptically in Y3 liquid medium culture, supplemented with 27.8 mg L-1 of Fe2SO4.7H2O and 60 g L-1 of sucrose, presented higher germination and normal plantlets formation. The plantlets transferred to Y3 semi-solid medium culture supplemented with 1 mg L-1 of ANA, 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 2.5 g L-1 of activated charcoal, promoted better root and shoot development. In the acclimatization phase, the 1:1 substrate composed of washed sand and coconut coir dust provided higher survival of plantlets (58.33%, larger growth of the aerial part (39.08 cm and larger number of leaves (6.33. The established protocols for in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palm

Preschool language assessment instrument, second edition, in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindau, Tâmara Andrade; Rossi, Natalia Freitas; Giacheti, Célia Maria

2014-01-01

To present a brief report on the initial results of the application of Preschool Language Assessment Instrument, second edition, in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children. The study included 300 children with typical language development, from both genders, aged from 3 to 5 years and 11 months, as proposed by the original test version. After translation, back-translation, and adaptation of the second edition of the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument, the instrument was administered to investigate the receptive and expressive language skills. There was a significant difference between the average gross scores of the three groups for both "receptive" and "expressive" language skills, and a growing tendency of scores according to age. After analysis, we found that versions translated and adapted for Brazilian Portuguese speakers allow one to evaluate and discriminate the performance of children in receptive and expressive language skills, according to age group, as well as the original version.

Neural bases of congenital amusia in tonal language speakers.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Caicai; Peng, Gang; Shao, Jing; Wang, William S-Y

2017-03-01

Congenital amusia is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder of fine-grained pitch processing. In this fMRI study, we examined the neural bases of congenial amusia in speakers of a tonal language - Cantonese. Previous studies on non-tonal language speakers suggest that the neural deficits of congenital amusia lie in the music-selective neural circuitry in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, it is unclear whether this finding can generalize to congenital amusics in tonal languages. Tonal language experience has been reported to shape the neural processing of pitch, which raises the question of how tonal language experience affects the neural bases of congenital amusia. To investigate this question, we examined the neural circuitries sub-serving the processing of relative pitch interval in pitch-matched Cantonese level tone and musical stimuli in 11 Cantonese-speaking amusics and 11 musically intact controls. Cantonese-speaking amusics exhibited abnormal brain activities in a widely distributed neural network during the processing of lexical tone and musical stimuli. Whereas the controls exhibited significant activation in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the lexical tone condition and in the cerebellum regardless of the lexical tone and music conditions, no activation was found in the amusics in those regions, which likely reflects a dysfunctional neural mechanism of relative pitch processing in the amusics. Furthermore, the amusics showed abnormally strong activation of the right middle frontal gyrus and precuneus when the pitch stimuli were repeated, which presumably reflect deficits of attending to repeated pitch stimuli or encoding them into working memory. No significant group difference was found in the right IFG in either the whole-brain analysis or region-of-interest analysis. These findings imply that the neural deficits in tonal language speakers might differ from those in non-tonal language speakers, and overlap partly with the

Proceedings of 11. Conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-01-01

The conference is the cyclically organised discussion forum on problems connected with application of different electron microscopy techniques for the study of solid state materials. The main topics of 11 conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids held in Krynica (PL) in 2002 was: application of TEM in materials science; analytical techniques and orientation imaging in materials science; high resolution TEM in electronic materials; TEM and SEM application in ceramic and composites; advanced TEM techniques; advanced analytical and orientation imaging techniques; application of TEM in investigations of amorphous and nanocrystalline material; Intermetallic and superalloys; TEM application in martensite alloys; TEM and SEM application in research of iron base alloys; TEM studies of deformed alloys; TEM application in thin films and surface layer studies; TEM and SEM application in materials science

Language and Communicative Development in Williams Syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

Mervis, Carolyn B.; Becerra, Angela M.

2007-01-01

Williams syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion of approximately 25 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, is associated with mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning difficulties. Most individuals with Williams syndrome evidence a cognitive profile including relative strengths in verbal short-term memory and language, and…

Language and Language-in-Education Planning in Multilingual India: A Minoritized Language Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Groff, Cynthia

2017-01-01

This article explores India's linguistic diversity from a language policy perspective, emphasizing policies relevant to linguistic minorities. The Kumaun region of Utterakhand provides a local, minority-language perspective on national-level language planning. A look at the complexity of counting India's languages reveals language planning…

Plástica da valva mitral em pacientes com insuficiência mitral reumática: técnicas e resultados de 20 anos Mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients with mitral insuficiency: twenty years of techniques and results

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Pablo Maria Alberto Pomerantzeff

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A plástica da valva mitral em pacientes reumáticos permanece um desafio. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a técnica e os resultados da plástica da valva mitral em pacientes com insuficiência mitral reumática. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 330 pacientes portadores de insuficiência mitral reumática submetidos à plástica da valva mitral no Instituto do Coração do HC-FMUSP, entre 1985 e 2005. A idade média foi de 26,9 ± 15,4 anos e 57,6% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino. No pré-operatório, 39,5% dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional IV. As técnicas de plástica mais comumente utilizadas foram a anuloplastia posterior com tira de pericárdio bovino em 48,4% dos pacientes e a anuloplastia com anel de Carpentier em 22,6%. As técnicas associadas foram empregadas em 55,2% dos pacientes, sendo as mais comuns: encurtamento de cordas (20% e papilarotomias múltiplas (17,8%. Plástica da valva tricúspide (26,7% e substituição da valva aórtica (27,2% foram os procedimentos associados mais frequentes. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade hospitalar foi 0,9% (três pacientes, sendo dois deles crianças em atividade reumática. As taxas linearizadas de tromboembolismo, endocardite, reoperação e óbito tardio foram de 0,2%, 0,2%, 3,5% e 0,5% pacientes-ano, respectivamente. A sobrevida actuarial foi de 86,4 ± 6,6% em 20 anos. A curva livre de reoperação foi de 30,3 ± 11,1% em 20 anos. CONCLUSÕES: A plástica da valva mitral em pacientes reumáticos é uma técnica factível na correção da insuficiência mitral, com baixa mortalidade operatória.OBJECTIVE: Mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients is still a challenge. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients in the Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School. METHODS: Were analyzed retrospectively, between 1985 and 2005, 330 patients submitted to mitral valve repair in the Heart Institute of

Caracterización molecular de 15 aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana asociados con Cosmopolites y Metamasius en plátano y banano en tres regiones de Colombia

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Muñoz Flórez Jaime Eduardo

2008-09-01

Full Text Available language: ES-CO; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA";;">Se colectaron picudos de Cosmopolites y Metamasius en municipios del Valle del Cauca, Caldas y Quindío. Se obtuvieron cultivos monospóricos con diluciones de 10^-10 y 10^-11. Los aislamientos fueron almacenados a -80°C con glicerol al 10% y el ADN a –20°C. Los marcadores moleculares RAM generaron 82 fragmentos de los cuales 67% fueron polimórficos con una heterocigocidad de 0.24, que indica diversidad media a alta. A un índice de similitud 0.84 se formaron 5 grupos: uno con 11 aislamientos y 4 con un solo aislamiento. En el gran grupo se detectó un duplicado y se encontró diversidad del hongo en los sitios muestreados. No se encontró relación entre aislamientos sobre Cosmopolites y Metamasius o zona geográfica en la formación de grupos genéticos.

Technology in Language Use, Language Teaching, and Language Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Chun, Dorothy; Smith, Bryan; Kern, Richard

2016-01-01

This article offers a capacious view of technology to suggest broad principles relating technology and language use, language teaching, and language learning. The first part of the article considers some of the ways that technological media influence contexts and forms of expression and communication. In the second part, a set of heuristic…

Inherited thrombophilia in women with poor aPL-related obstetric history: prevalence and outcomes. Survey of 208 cases from the European Registry on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome cohort.

Science.gov (United States)

Alijotas-Reig, Jaume; Ferrer-Oliveras, Raquel; Esteve-Valverde, Enrique; Ruffatti, Amelia; Tincani, Angela; Lefkou, Elmina; Bertero, Maria Tiziana; Espinosa, Gerard; Coloma, Emmanuel; de Carolis, Sara; Rovere-Querini, Patrizia; Canti, Valentina; Picardo, Elisa; Fredi, Micaela; Mekinian, Arsene

2016-08-01

To analyse the prevalence and effects of inherited thrombophilic disorders (ITD) on maternal-foetal outcomes in cases of antiphospholipid antibody related to obstetric complications. Women with obstetric complaints who tested positive for aPL and with inherited thrombophilia were prospectively and retrospectively included. ITD data were available in 208 of 338: 147 had obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and 61 aPL-related obstetric morbidity (OMAPS). 24.1% had ITD. Laboratory categories I and IIa were more related to OAPS-ITD and IIb and IIc to OMAPS-ITD. No significant differences in obstetric complaints were observed. Regarding ITD carriers, treatment rates were higher in OAPS than in OMAPS for LMWH and LDA plus LMWH (P=.002). Cases with aPL-related OAPS/OMAPS showed no differences in maternal-foetal outcomes regardless of the presence of one ITD. Maternal thrombotic risk was low, with ITD-positive cases included. Registry data concur with Sydney criteria, whereby aPL-ITD-positive patients are classified as having antiphospholipid syndrome. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Conflict resolution abilities in children with Specific Language Impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Paula, Erica Macêdo de; Befi-Lopes, Debora Maria

2013-01-01

To investigate the conflict resolution abilities of children with Specific Language Impairment, and to verify whether the time of speech-language therapy correlates to the performance on the conflict resolution task. Participants included 20 children with Specific Language Impairment (Research Group) and 40 children with normal language development (Control Group), with ages ranging from 7 years to 8 years and 11 months. To assess the conflict resolution abilities, five hypothetical contexts of conflict were presented. The strategies used by the children were classified and scored by the following levels: level 0 (solutions that do not match the other levels), level 1 (physical solutions), level 2 (unilateral solutions), level 3 (cooperative solutions), and level 4 (mutual solutions). Statistical analysis showed group effect for the variable total score. There was a difference between the groups for modal development level, with higher level of modal development observed in the Control Group. There was no correlation between the period of speech-language therapy attendance and the total score. Children with Specific Language Impairment present difficulties in solving problems, in view of the fact that they mainly use physical and unilateral strategies. There was no correlation between the time of speech-language therapy and performance in the task.

Icelandic: A Lesser-Used Language in the Global Community

Science.gov (United States)

Holmarsdottir, Halla B.

2001-07-01

A small nation in the middle of the North Atlantic, Iceland currently has a population of 265,000 (1996). The Iceland language has changed very little since the island was settled some 11 centuries ago. Despite the relatively small number of people who speak the language and irrespective of the globalisation efforts by the international community, which includes the ever-increasing influence of English worldwide, the Icelandic language and culture are stronger than ever. The current volume and variety of publications of Icelandic works in all areas have never been as great. Icelandic is a living and growing language. Growth in vocabulary, in response to recent phenomena like the introduction of new technology, has primarily come about with the development of new words from the language's roots. The near absence of Latin, Greek and, more recently, English or Danish words in Icelandic, is striking. Iceland's language policy is not only a governmental policy. It is a policy that comes from the grassroots with the government and official institutions viewing their job as one of service to the people of Iceland. Icelanders are very proud of their language and are extremely determined to continually develop and preserve it for future generations.

Language Nests and Language Acquisition: An Empirical Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Okura, Eve K.

2017-01-01

This dissertation presents the findings from interviews conducted with language nest workers, teachers, language nest coordinators, administrators of language revitalization programs, principals and directors of language immersion schools that work in close proximity with language nests, and linguists involved in language revitalization efforts.…

Intoxicación plúmbica crónica y alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo cognitivo-emocional en niños

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Julián Vega

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre intoxicación plúmbica crónica y alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo cognitivo-emocional en niños del colegio "María Reiche"- Callao. Diseño: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Material y Métodos: A 70 niños de 8 a 12 años de edad del C.E. Nº 5045 "María Reiche" del A.A.H.H. "Puerto Nuevo"- Callao, que participaron en el estudio de dosaje de plomo en sangre hecho por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental en 1999, se les aplicó pruebas de seguimiento de instrucciones, habilidades motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, académicas y la lista de chequeo de ansiedad. Se midió el coeficiente intelectual e índice de masa corporal. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó las pruebas chi-cuadrado, t de Student, correlación y regresión lineal simple, usando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.0, con un nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Los niveles de plomo en sangre y los grados de ansiedad se relacionaron significativamente mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado (p=0,025; se encontró diferencias significativas entre las medias del puntaje de la lista de chequeo de ansiedad y la categorización de los niveles de plomo, mediante la prueba t de Student (p= 0,031. La relación entre los niveles de plomo en sangre y el coeficiente intelectual, las habilidades académicas, motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, seguimiento de instrucciones e índice de masa corporal no resultaron significativos. Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación significativa entre la intoxicación plúmbica crónica y el grado de ansiedad (desarrollo emocional. Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con el crecimiento ni con el desarrollo cognitivo.

TEK11 graphics user's guide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stewart, C.R. Jr.; Joubert, W.D.; Overbey, D.R.; Stewart, K.A.

1978-10-01

The TEK11 graphics library was written for use on PDP-11 minicomputers running the RT-11 operating system to drive Tektronix 4010 graphics display terminals. Library subroutines are coded in FORTRAN and assembly language. The library includes routines to draw axes, either linear or semilog, to plot data in terms of logical values without first scaling to screen coordinates, to label graphs, and to plot in a maximum of four regions on the screen. Modes of plotting may be point plot with any character at the point, vector plot, or bar plot. Two features, automatic scaling and windowing, permit the researcher to use computer graphics without spending time first to learn about scaling or ''Tek points'' and preparing long parameter lists for subroutines. Regions on the screen are defined by specifying minima and maxima logical coordinates, i.e., 0 K or milliseconds, and a region number. After definition, a region may be activated for plotting by calling REGN with the region number as an argument

Balance nutricional y número de hojas como variables de predicción del rendimiento del plátano Hartón.

OpenAIRE

RODRÍGUEZ, V.; SILVA, A. da; RODRÍGUEZ, O.

2005-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una ecuación de regresión que permitiese estimar el rendimiento (Y) del plátano Hartón (Musa AAB subgrupo plátano cv. Hartón), con la relación entre el Índice de Balance de Nutrientes DRIS (IBN-DRIS) (X1) y el número de hojas de la planta madre (X2). Usando un muestreo completamente al azar, se colectaron 398 muestras de tejido foliar. Se obtuvo la ecuación: Y = 30,351** - 8,644** log X1 + 0,27502*X2, con R² de 0,6206***, con distribución normal de ...

Embracing African languages as indispensable resources through the promotion of multilingualism

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Ndimande-Hlongwa, Nobuhle

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This paper seeks to explore the potential significance of additive multilingualism in South Africa’s multilingual society. Additive multilingualism treasures the principle of equality among all 11 official languages. Therefore, our point of departure is the South African Constitution and various policy provisions that advocate for a multilingual mode of operation. The paper is premised upon the potential value of multilingualism that encompasses indigenous African languages and the view of language as a resource. This concurs with the language policy of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN, which seeks to promote a multilingual society. Perceptions and experiences of a group of part-time LLB students regarding the learning of isiZulu as an additional language at UKZN were solicited in this study. The ‘language as a resource’ framework was employed as the theoretical approach of the study. The study established an acknowledgement of the resourcefulness of isiZulu as instrumental in fostering social cohesion, breaking communication barriers, and dispelling misconceptions about the value of these languages.

The Linguistic Interpretation for Language Union – Language Family

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E.A. Balalykina

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The paper is dedicated to the problem of determination of the essence of language union and language family in modern linguistics, which is considered important, because these terms are often used as absolute synonyms. The research is relevant due to the need to distinguish the features of languages that are inherited during their functioning within either language union or language family when these languages are compared. The research has been carried out in order to present the historical background of the problem and to justify the need for differentiation of language facts that allow relating languages to particular language union or language family. In order to fulfill the goal of this work, descriptive, comparative, and historical methods have been used. A range of examples has been provided to prove that some languages, mainly Slavonic and Baltic languages, form a language family rather than a language union, because a whole number of features in their systems are the heritage of their common Indo-European past. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account changes having either common or different nature in the system of particular languages; secondly, one must have a precise idea of what features in the phonetic and morphological systems of compared languages allow to relate them to language union or language family; thirdly, it must be determined whether the changes in compared languages are regular or of any other type. On the basis of the obtained results, the following conclusions have been drawn: language union and language family are two different types of relations between modern languages; they allow identifying both degree of similarity of these languages and causes of differences between them. It is most important that one should distinguish and describe the specific features of two basic groups of languages forming language family or language union. The results obtained during the analysis are very important for linguistics

Podnikatelský plán pro založení prodejny se sportovními potřebami

OpenAIRE

Pospíšilová, Petra

2010-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vytvořením podnikatelského plánu pro založení maloobchodu se sportovními potřebami. Práce se skládá ze tří částí, teoretické, analytické a návrhu vlastního řešení. V první části se věnuji uvedení teoretických východisek a poznatků, které jsou aplikovány v další části práce. V analýze se zaměřuji na prostředí firmy. V návrhové části je zpracován samotný podnikatelský záměr, který obsahuje marketingový a finanční plán. This bachelor’s work concerns creating an...

Efecto del NaCl en plántulas de curarí (Tabebuia serratifolia en condiciones de laboratorio

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Maribel Ramírez

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del cloruro de sodio (NaCl durante la germinación y el desarrollo inicial de las plántulas de curarí (Tabebuia serratifolia, en condiciones de laboratorio. Las semillas se colocaron en cinco concentraciones de NaCl: 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10 dS m-1, y en agua destilada (testigo, con una conductividad eléctrica entre 0,02 y 0,04 dS m-1. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con cinco repeticiones, y se aplicó un análisis de varianza. Se determinó el porcentaje de germinación (PG y la tasa de germinación (TG; y se midió la longitud del tallo (LT, la longitud de la raíz (LR, el área cotiledonal (AC, la biomasa fresca (BF y la biomasa seca (BS. La concentración de NaCl mostró efectos significativos para las variables PG, TG, BS, LT, LR y AC. Se obtuvo un 79,6 % de germinación y una TG de 1,66 días, cuando las semillas se sometieron a 6 dS m-1 de NaCl. Las concentraciones de 8 y 10 dS m-1 disminuyeron significativamente el PG, la LT y el AC de las plántulas, y retardaron la TG. Se concluye que las plántulas de curarí mostraron tolerancia a la condición salina del NaCl hasta 6 dS m-1, por lo que esta especie se puede utilizar con fines agroforestales en los sistemas de producción agropecuaria, así como en la recuperación de áreas que presenten problemas moderados de salinidad.

Comparison of the Incorporation of DHA in Circulatory and Neural Tissue When Provided as Triacylglycerol (TAG), Monoacylglycerol (MAG) or Phospholipids (PL) Provides New Insight into Fatty Acid Bioavailability.

Science.gov (United States)

Destaillats, Frédéric; Oliveira, Manuel; Bastic Schmid, Viktoria; Masserey-Elmelegy, Isabelle; Giuffrida, Francesca; Thakkar, Sagar K; Dupuis, Lénaïck; Gosoniu, Maria Laura; Cruz-Hernandez, Cristina

2018-05-15

Phospholipids (PL) or partial acylglycerols such as sn -1(3)-monoacylglycerol (MAG) are potent dietary carriers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and have been reported to provide superior bioavailability when compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TAG). The main objective of the present study was to compare the incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma, erythrocytes, retina and brain tissues in adult rats when provided as PL (PL-DHA) and MAG (MAG-DHA). Conventional dietary DHA oil containing TAG (TAG-DHA) as well as control chow diet were used to evaluate the potency of the two alternative DHA carriers over a 60-day feeding period. Fatty acid profiles were determined in erythrocytes and plasma lipids at time 0, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 49 days of the experimental period and in retina, cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus at 60 days. The assessment of the longitudinal evolution of DHA in erythrocyte and plasma lipids suggest that PL-DHA and MAG-DHA are efficient carriers of dietary DHA when compared to conventional DHA oil (TAG-DHA). Under these experimental conditions, both PL-DHA and MAG-DHA led to higher incorporations of DHA erythrocytes lipids compared to TAG-DHA group. After 60 days of supplementation, statistically significant increase in DHA level incorporated in neural tissues analyzed were observed in the DHA groups compared with the control. The mechanism explaining hypothetically the difference observed in circulatory lipids is discussed.

Early Adolescent Outcomes of Institutionally-Deprived and Non-Deprived Adoptees. II: Language as a Protective Factor and a Vulnerable Outcome

Science.gov (United States)

Croft, Carla; Beckett, Celia; Rutter, Michael; Castle, Jenny; Colvert, Emma; Groothues, Christine; Hawkins, Amanda; Kreppner, Jana; Stevens, Suzanne E.; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.

2007-01-01

Background: There is uncertainty about the extent to which language skills are part of general intelligence and even more uncertainty on whether deprivation has differential effects on language and non-language skills. Methods: Language and cognitive outcomes at 6 and 11 years of age were compared between a sample of 132 institution-reared…

La apropiación de conocimientos a partir de la expresión plástica

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Julieta Castro Bonilla

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se reflexiona y se expone parte de los resultados de un trabajo investigativo referido a la apropiación de conocimientos mediante la expresión plástica, actividad en la que participaron docentes y estudiantes escolares pertenecientes a la modalidad educativa denominada “Aula Abierta”. Concluida la investigación, queda manifiesto que el estudio, la indagación, la reflexión y la búsqueda sistemática de conocimientos y formas de aprender y enseñar de parte del docente, son elementos fundamentales que propician cambios cualitativos en la formación académica de éste, lo que le permite llevar al aula formas innovadoras para lograr aprendizajes significativos en sus estudiantes. El diseño de situaciones de aprendizaje desde una perspectiva constructivista, holista y lúdica, así como el aprovechamiento de contextos, permitieron el logro de aprendizajes cognitivos, afectivos y psicomotores mediante la expresión de actividades plásticas, lo que le posibilita al joven el desarrollo de una personalidad integral

Proyecto para reciclar el almidón de la yuca para la fabricación de fundas plásticas orgánicas

OpenAIRE

De La Torre, Rigoberto; Rivera Procel, Susana; Ruiz Mendieta, Javier; Veloz, Jessica

2009-01-01

El objetivo principal de este estudio es el de desarrollar un estudio de mercado, técnico, económico y financiero para instalar una fábrica de fundas plásticas orgánicas, utilizando como materia prima el desecho del almidón de yuca. Desde un enfoque económico, estos procesos permiten reducir notablemente los costos de producción por obtención de materias primas baratas, una filosofía impulsada a partir de teorías de administración recientes como Calidad Total (cero defectos). El bio-plást...

Lineamientos metodológicos para incorporar la expresión plástica en el planeamiento escolar

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Julieta Castro Bonilla

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se dirige especialmente a aquellos docentes que, sin poseer una formación idónea en el campo de la expresión plástica, desean incorporarla como parte de su metodología de trabajo. Conviene recordar que esta área no sólo se ofrece en algunas escuelas como una materia más dentro del curriculum escolar, sino también como un recurso didáctico que el docente puede utilizar como parte de su planeamiento cotidiano, por ello es fundamental su conocimiento y apreciación. Se espera que los lineamientos propuestos en el artículo ayuden al “maestro de grado” a desarrollar su propia sensibilidad, de manera que sus estudiantes puedan entrar en contacto con los contenidos presentes en las diversas áreas del curriculum escolar de manera lúdica, asimismo, le permita organizar y planificar lecciones agradables, de modo que los participantes en el proceso didáctico puedan disfrutar al máximo de la expresión plástica

Language Acquisition and Language Revitalization

Science.gov (United States)

O'Grady, William; Hattori, Ryoko

2016-01-01

Intergenerational transmission, the ultimate goal of language revitalization efforts, can only be achieved by (re)establishing the conditions under which an imperiled language can be acquired by the community's children. This paper presents a tutorial survey of several key points relating to language acquisition and maintenance in children,…

Phylogenetic analysis of the lux operon distinguishes two evolutionarily distinct clades of Photobacterium leiognathi.

Science.gov (United States)

Ast, Jennifer C; Dunlap, Paul V

2004-05-01

The luminous marine bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis was synonymized several years ago with Photobacterium leiognathi based on a high degree of phenotypic and genetic similarity. To test the possibility that P. leiognathi as now formulated, however, actually contains two distinct bacterial groups reflecting the earlier identification of P. mandapamensis and P. leiognathi as separate species, we compared P. leiognathi strains isolated from light-organ symbiosis with leiognathid fishes (i.e., ATCC 25521(T), ATCC 25587, lequu.1.1 and lleuc.1.1) with strains from seawater originally described as P. mandapamensis and later synonymized as P. leiognathi (i.e., ATCC 27561(T) and ATCC 33981) and certain strains initially identified as P. leiognathi (i.e., PL-721, PL-741, 554). Analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes did not resolve distinct clades, affirming a close relationship among these strains. However, strains ATCC 27561(T), ATCC 33981, PL-721, PL-741 and 554 were found to bear a luxF gene in the lux operon ( luxABFE), whereas ATCC 25521(T), ATCC 25587, lequu.1.1 and lleuc.1.1 lack this gene ( luxABE). Phylogenetic analysis of the luxAB(F)E region confirmed this distinction. Furthermore, ATCC 27561(T), ATCC 33981, PL-721, PL-741 and 554 all produced a higher level of luminescence on high-salt medium, as previously described for PL-721, whereas ATCC 25521(T), ATCC 25587, lequu.1.1 and lleuc.1.1 all produced a higher level of luminescence on low-salt medium, a characteristic of P. leiognathi from leiognathid fish light organs. These results demonstrate that P. leiognathi contains two evolutionarily and phenotypically distinct clades, P. leiognathi subsp. leiognathi (strains ATCC 25521(T), ATCC 25587, lequu.1.1 and lleuc.1.1), and P. leiognathi subsp. mandapamensis (strains ATCC 27561(T), ATCC 33981, PL-721, PL-741 and 554).

Using the angiogenic factors sFlt-1 and PlGF with Doppler ultrasound of the uterine artery for confirming preeclampsia.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahlmann, Franz; Al Naimi, Ammar

2016-11-01

The aim of this study is to assess the value of the angiogenic factors for diagnosing preeclampsia and predicting the severity of manifestation. A secondary aim is assessing the combination of the uterine artery Doppler with the angiogenic factors for improving the diagnostic power. This is a prospective single center study in a tertiary referral hospital. This study includes 728 individual patients. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies, a referral to the hospital with suspicion of preeclampsia and any one or combination of the following symptoms: headache, upper abdominal pain, edema, and hypertension. Patients with complications that would affect the course of the pregnancy, such as placenta praevia, premature preterm rupture of membranes, breech presentation, and fetal chromosomal or structural anomalies, were excluded from the study. Blood samples collection and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound were performed at time of recruitment. The differences in sFlt-1, PlGF, and their quotient among normal collective and patients with preeclampsia were analyzed. Doppler ultrasound was performed by one of four highly qualified sonographers. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, receiver operating characteristic curves, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used in the analysis. A total of 1003 individual samples for the angiogenic factors were included in the analysis. 584 out of the recruited 728 patients had follow-up data with delivery information at the study hospital. Patients with preeclampsia show a significant increase in sFlt-1, which directly correlate with the increased severity of manifestation (Spearman's ρ 0.49). The sFlt-1 cut-off value of 5424 pg/ml confirms preeclampsia with 83.7 % sensitivity, 68.1 % specificity, and 24 % misclassification rate. Preeclampsia patients also show a significant decrease in PlGF, which negatively correlates with the increased severity of manifestation (Spearman's ρ -0.39). A Pl

Language Alternation and Language Norm in Vocational Content and Language Integrated Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Kontio, Janne; Sylvén, Liss Kerstin

2015-01-01

The present article deals with language choice as communicative strategies in the language learning environment of an English-medium content and language integrated learning (CLIL) workshop at an auto mechanics class in a Swedish upper secondary school. The article presents the organisation and functions of language alternations (LAs) which are…

Fluency aspects of oral narrative task in del22q11.2 syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos, Amanda Oliveira; Rossi, Natalia Freitas; Tandel, Maria da Conceição Faria Freitas; Richieri-Costa, Antonio; Giacheti, Célia Maria

2016-01-01

To investigate the fluency aspects of the oral narrative task in individuals with del22q11.2 syndrome and compare them with those of individuals with typical language development. Fifteen individuals diagnosed with del22q11.2 syndrome, both genders, aged 7-17 years participated in this study. They were compared with 15 individuals with typical language development, with similar gender and chronological age profiles. The oral narrative was elicited using the book "Frog, Where Are You?", and the fluency aspects were analyzed according to speech rate and type and frequency of disfluency (typical and stuttering). The number and duration of pauses were also investigated. The data were statistically analyzed. The group with del22q11.2 syndrome showed a higher average when compared with the group without the syndrome for the percentage of typical disfluencies, mainly hesitation and revision. The group presenting the syndrome also showed a higher average for stuttering disfluencies, with pause as the most frequent disfluency. With respect to speech rate, the group with the syndrome presented a lower average for the number of words and syllables per minute. Individuals with del22q11.2 syndrome showed greater difficulties of narration than their peers. The fluency aspects of the oral narrative task in subjects with del22q11.2 syndrome were similar to those of individuals with typical language development regarding the presence of hesitation, revision, and pause, but they were different with respect to frequency of disfluency, which was higher in individuals with the syndrome.

Emergence and initial development of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. seedlings for different substrates = Emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. em função de diferentes substratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rômulo Magno Oliveira de Freitas

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The present study assessed the effects of different substrates on the emergence and initial development of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth seedlings. For this purpose an experiment was done in a greenhouse of the Department of Plant Sciences of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. The statistical design was completely randomized (CRD, where treatments were composed of nine substrates (T1: vermiculite, T2: coconut fiber, T3: trade hortimix®, T4: vermiculite, coconut fiber and compost (1: 1:1, T5: coconut fiber and compost (1:1, T6: coconut fiber and compost (1:2,T7: vermiculite and compost (1:1, T8, vermiculite and compost organic (1:2 and T9: organic compost. All treatments were represented by four replications containing 25 seeds. The following variables were evaluated: emergency percentage, emergence rate index, length of shoot and root, stem diameter, dry leaves, stem, root and total leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio. Data were submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability. The coconut fiber substrates, commercial hortimix® and vermiculite proved superior promoted good emergence and early development of seedlings. The mixture of vermiculite, coconut fiber and compost (1:1:1, coconut fiber and compost (1:1, coconut fiber and compost (1:2 and organic compost and vermiculite (1: 1 was not shown to be adequate for the cultivation of seedlings. There was no emergency in the pure organic compound in the mixture of compost and vermiculite (1:2.Key words - Vermiculite. Organic compost. Coconut fiber. Sabiá. Substrates. = Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. O delineamento estat

Foreign Language Teachers' Language Proficiency and Their Language Teaching Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Richards, Heather; Conway, Clare; Roskvist, Annelies; Harvey, Sharon

2013-01-01

Teachers' subject knowledge is recognized as an essential component of effective teaching. In the foreign language context, teachers' subject knowledge includes language proficiency. In New Zealand high schools, foreign languages (e.g. Chinese, French, German, Japanese and Spanish) have recently been offered to learners earlier in their schooling,…

Executive functions and language in children with different subtypes of specific language impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Acosta Rodríguez, V; Ramírez Santana, G M; Hernández Expósito, S

The marked heterogeneity among children diagnosed with specific language impairment (SLI) highlights the importance of studying and describing cases based on the distinction between the expressive and receptive-expressive SLI subtypes. The main objective of this study was to examine neuropsychological, linguistic, and narrative behaviours in children with different SLI subtypes. A comprehensive battery of language and neuropsychological tests was administered to a total of 58 children (29 with SLI and 29 normal controls) between 5.60 and 11.20 years old. Both SLI subtypes performed more poorly than the control group in language skills, narrative, and executive function. Furthermore, the expressive SLI group demonstrated substantial ungrammaticality, as well as problems with verbal fluency and both verbal and spatial working memory, while the receptive-expressive SLI subtype displayed poorer neuropsychological performance in general. Our findings showed that children with either SLI subtype displayed executive dysfunctions that were not limited to verbal tasks but rather extended to nonverbal measures. This could reflect a global cognitive difficulty which, along with declining linguistic and narrative skills, illustrates the complex profile of this impairment. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Acclimatization and leaf anatomy of micropropagated fig plantlets Aclimatização e anatomia foliar de plântulas de figo micropropagadas

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Chrystiane Fráguas Chirinéa

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The survival of micropropagated plants during and after acclimatization is a limiting process to plant establishment. There is little information on how the anatomy of vegetative organs of Ficus carica can be affected by culture conditions and acclimatization. The present research aimed to study the effects of time on culture medium and substrates during the acclimatization of fig tree plantlets produced in vitro, characterizing some leaf anatomy aspects of plantlets cultured in vitro and of fig trees produced in field. Plantlets previously multiplied in vitro were separated and transferred into Wood Plant Medium (WPM where they were kept for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Different substrates were tested and studies on leaf anatomy were performed in order to compare among plantlets grown in vitro, plantlets under 20, 40 and 60 days of acclimatization, and field grown plants. Keeping plantlets for 30 days in WPM allowed better development in Plantmax during acclimatization. Field grown plants presented higher number of stomata, greater epicuticular wax thickness and greater leaf tissue production compared to in vitro ones. The leaf tissues of in vitro plantlets show little differentiation and have great stomata number compared with acclimatized plants, which reduce the number of stomata during the acclimatization process.A sobrevivência de plantas micropropagadas durante e após a aclimatização é um processo limitante para o estabelecimento de plantas. Poucas informações são encontradas de como a anatomia de órgãos vegetativos de Ficus carica pode ser afetada pelas condições de cultivo e aclimatização. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos do tempo em meio de cultura e substratos durante a aclimatização de plântulas de figueira produzidas in vitro e cultivadas no campo. Plântulas multiplicadas in vitro foram separadas e transferidas para meio WPM, onde foram mantidas por 0; 15; 30; 45 e 60 dias. Diferentes

Especies de dryophthorinae (coleoptera: curculionidae) asociadas a plátano y banano (musa spp.) en colombia

OpenAIRE

RUBIO-GOMEZ, JOSE; SEPULVEDA-CANO, PAULA

2009-01-01

RESUMEN

Se presenta una sinopsis de los escarabajos de la subfamilia Dryophthorinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) asociados a cultivos de plátano y banano en Colombia. Adicionalmente se ofrecen claves ilustradas para las especies del país. Se registran seis especies asociadas a dichos cultivos: Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824), Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758), Metamasius hebetatus (Gyllenhal, 1838), Metamasius submaculatus Champion, 1910, Rhyncophorus palmarum...

Cirugía plástica periodontal, una realidad asistencial: reporte de casos

OpenAIRE

Claudia,Godoy; Guerrero,Virginia; Lozano,Elizabeth

2014-01-01

En la actualidad, la periodoncia no solo se encarga de resolver los procesos infecciosos que afectan al periodonto, sino que también es responsable de la preservación de la función, del confort y de la estética de los tejidos periodontales. Es por eso que hoy en día las técnicas de cirugía plástica periodontal son una herramienta esencial para la resolución de defectos mucogingivales en donde el tejido conectivo subepitelial, debido a su biología, se ha convertido en la mejor alternativa para...

Latvijas sabiedrisko attiecību aģentūru prakse plānotas krīzes komunikācijas vadīšanā

OpenAIRE

Štokmane, Linda

2014-01-01

Darba nosaukums ir „Latvijas sabiedrisko attiecību aģentūru prakse plānotas krīzes komunikācijas vadīšanā”. Pētījuma problēma - vai krīzes situācijām iespējams sagatavoties un kā iepriekš plānota un sagatavota komunikācija spēj palīdzēt efektīvāk vadīt krīzes situācijas? Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt, kāda ir Latvijas sab iedrisko attiecību aģentūru prakse un pieredze krīzes komunikācijas plānošanā un vadīšanā. Darba teorētiskā bāze, galvenokārt, balstīta uz situatīvo krīzes komunikāci...

Language Training: English Training

CERN Document Server

Françoise Benz

2004-01-01

General and Professional English Courses The next session will take place from 04 October 2004 to 11 February 2005 (3 weeks break at Christmas). These courses are open to all persons working on the CERN site, and to their spouses. For registration and further information on the courses, please consult our Web pages: http://cern.ch/Training or contact Mr. Liptow, tel. 72957. Oral Expression This course is intended for people with a good knowledge of English who want to practise and maintain their speaking skills while extending their vocabulary. There will be approximately 8 participants in a class. Speaking activities will include discussions, meeting simulations, role-plays etc. depending on the needs of the students. Duration: 20 hours (2 hours a week) Price: 440 CHF (for 8 students) For further information, please contact Mr. Liptow, tel. 72957. Date and timetable will be fixed when there are sufficient participants enrolled. FORMATION EN LANGUES LANGUAGE TRAINING Françoise Benz 73127 languag...

Language learning interventions | Kilfoil | Journal for Language ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The results for that intervention show that the hypothesis was correct and students need more time and structure if they are to improve their language competence sufficiently. Keywords: language learning interventions, English for specific purposes, language competence, fossilization. Journal for Language Teaching Vol.

How language production shapes language form and comprehension

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Maryellen C MacDonald

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Language production processes can provide insight into how language comprehension works and language typology—why languages tend to have certain characteristics more often than others. Drawing on work in memory retrieval, motor planning, and serial order in action planning, the Production-Distribution-Comprehension (PDC account links work in the fields of language production, typology, and comprehension: 1 faced with substantial computational burdens of planning and producing utterances, language producers implicitly follow three biases in utterance planning that promote word order choices that reduce these burdens, thereby improving production fluency. 2 These choices, repeated over many utterances and individuals, shape the distributions of utterance forms in language. The claim that language form stems in large degree from producers’ attempts to mitigate utterance planning difficulty is contrasted with alternative accounts in which form is driven by language use more broadly, language acquisition processes, or producers’ attempts to create language forms that are easily understood by comprehenders. 3 Language perceivers implicitly learn the statistical regularities in their linguistic input, and they use this prior experience to guide comprehension of subsequent language. In particular, they learn to predict the sequential structure of linguistic signals, based on the statistics of previously-encountered input. Thus key aspects of comprehension behavior are tied to lexico-syntactic statistics in the language, which in turn derive from utterance planning biases promoting production of comparatively easy utterance forms over more difficult ones. This approach contrasts with classic theories in which comprehension behaviors are attributed to innate design features of the language comprehension system and associated working memory. The PDC instead links basic features of comprehension to a different source: production processes that shape

Working Memory and Learning in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and Specific Language Impairment

Science.gov (United States)

Alloway, Tracy Packiam; Archibald, Lisa

2008-01-01

The authors compared 6- to 11-year-olds with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and those with specific language impairment (SLI) on measures of memory (verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory) and learning (reading and mathematics). Children with DCD with typical language skills were impaired in all four areas of memory…

One Language for the United States? (Un Idioma para Los Estados Unidos?) CSG Backgrounder.

Science.gov (United States)

Ford, Mark L.

The United States has become increasingly multilingual in recent decades, and while English is the most commonly spoken language, almost 11 percent of Americans prefer to speak another language at home. Bilingualism is promoted by governmental units at the federal, state, and local levels through a variety of programs, particularly in education…

Dual-stream accounts bridge the gap between monkey audition and human language processing. Comment on "Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology: Framing the language-ready brain" by Michael Arbib

Science.gov (United States)

Garrod, Simon; Pickering, Martin J.

2016-03-01

Over the last few years there has been a resurgence of interest in dual-stream dorsal-ventral accounts of language processing [4]. This has led to recent attempts to bridge the gap between the neurobiology of primate audition and human language processing with the dorsal auditory stream assumed to underlie time-dependent (and syntactic) processing and the ventral to underlie some form of time-independent (and semantic) analysis of the auditory input [3,10]. Michael Arbib [1] considers these developments in relation to his earlier Mirror System Hypothesis about the origins of human language processing [11].

Propriedade de barreira à umidade de embalagens plásticas para produtos oftálmicos

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Sandra Balan Mendoza Jaime

2014-01-01

Full Text Available As propriedades de barreira à umidade de embalagens plásticas para produtos oftálmicos de capacidade nominal de 20 mL e terminação 15 mm nos formatos cilíndrico e oval, de diferentes composições (100% Polietileno de Baixa Densidade (PEBD, 100% Polipropileno (PP e blendas com percentuais 10% e 40% de Polietileno de Alta Densidade (PEAD em PEBD, foram estudadas neste trabalho. Foi verificada também a influência do batoque gotejador (de maior ou menor orifício de dosagem e a influência do fechamento na taxa de transmissão de vapor d’água. O trabalho foi conduzido sob duas condições de estocagem a 25 ºC/40% UR e a 40 ºC/75% UR. Verificou-se que o diâmetro do orifício gotejador não interferiu significativamente na perda de peso da embalagem avaliada a 25 ºC/40% UR. Sob a condição de estocagem a 40 ºC/75% UR verificouse um aumento da taxa de transmissão de vapor d’água das embalagens comparativamente as mesmas embalagens avaliadas a 25 ºC/40% UR. O sistema de fechamento não favoreceu um acréscimo significativo da taxa de transmissão de vapor d’água, o que indica que a permeação ocorreu principalmente através do corpo da embalagem plástica. A propriedade de barreira foi influenciada pela composição da embalagem plástica chegando a uma redução média de 47% na taxa de transmissão de vapor d’água para a embalagem de PEBD com 40% PEAD em relação à embalagem com 100% PEBD de formato cilíndrico. Verificou-se ainda que o formato oval, por apresentar uma maior área superficial exposta comparativamente à embalagem de formato cilíndrico, com regiões de menor espessura de parede, pode favorecer um ligeiro aumento da taxa de transmissão de vapor d’água da embalagem.

Microclima e produção de videiras 'Niágara rosada' em cultivo orgânico sob cobertura plástica

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Flávia Comiran

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O uso de coberturas plásticas sobre vinhedos tem aumentado no Sul do Brasil, visando a atenuar limitações climáticas. Este estudo objetivou quantificar alterações micrometeorológicas causadas por cobertura plástica e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento e na produção de videiras 'Niágara Rosada', em cultivo orgânico. O estudo foi realizado em Bento Gonçalves-RS, num vinhedo conduzido em sistema latada e submetido a dois ambientes: em céu aberto e coberto por plástico transparente (160µm em arcos descontínuos. Nos dois ambientes, foram monitoradas radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA e temperatura do ar. Avaliaram-se fenologia, índice de área foliar (IAF, peso e diâmetro de bagas, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez total titulável, incidência de doenças fúngicas e rendimento. A cobertura reduziu em um terço a RFA incidente (-34% e aumentou as temperaturas máximas do ar (+3,1ºC. Ela acelerou o ciclo vegetativo das videiras até a maturação, mas retardou a queda de folhas. A cobertura promoveu incrementos de IAF, duração da área foliar e produção de uvas, de 12,3 para 27,1 t ha-1. Não foi observada incidência de doenças fúngicas no vinhedo coberto. Portanto, a cobertura plástica sobre vinhedos é uma alternativa importante na produção de uvas de mesa no Sul do Brasil, em cultivo orgânico.

Estrategia de comunicación para promover el uso de biodigestores plásticos en las fincas del Cantón Salitre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Valle Sánchez

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El incremento de la actividad agropecuaria como fuente de ingresos del campesino ha traído el problema de contaminación por desechos orgánicos de sus animales, de ahí la necesidad de introducir una tecnología de bajo costo, sencilla y de fácil acceso que le permita al campesino solucionar este problema que tiene sanción por parte de la autoridad ambiental. El uso de biodigestores plásticos logra este objetivo, incorporando beneficios adicionales como abono orgánico biosol, que van a mejorar su productividad en cultivos permitiéndole ahorrar en la compra de fertilizantes; otro benéfico es la producción de biogás el cual lo utiliza para la cocción de sus alimentos y el calentamiento de sus animales. Se visitó una finca en Santa Rosa Provincia de El Oro acompañados de un técnico especializado en biodigestores plásticos, representantes del M.I. Municipio de Salitre y estudiantes investigadores de la academia; se dio a conocer por parte del dueño de la finca las razones que lo llevaron a instalar un biodigestor plástico así como los beneficios obtenidos. Resultado de esta experiencia el equipo de investigación planteó como estrategia instalar un biodigestor en una finca del Cantón Salitre para que los dueños de las fincas de la zona puedan ver y comprobar los benéficos de esta tecnología, esto permitirá que el mismo campesino sea el instrumento de comunicación para que otros adopten el uso de biodigestores plásticos en toda la zona.

Photoluminescent (PL) or electroluminescent (EL) quantum dots for display, lighting, and photomedicine (Conference Presentation)

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Yajie

2017-02-01

Quantum dots (QDs) have gone through a long journey before finding their ways into the display field. This talk will briefly touch on the history before trying to answer several key questions related to QDs applications in display: What are QDs? How are they made? What properties do they have and Why? How can these properties be used to improve color and efficiency of display, in either photoluminescence (PL) or electroluminescence (EL) mode? And what are the remaining challenges for QDs wide adoption in display industry? Lastly, some most recent progresses in our UCF lab at both PL and EL fronts will be highlighted. For PL, a cadmium-free perovskite-polymer composite films with exceptionally narrow emission green peaks (FWHM 20 nm) and good water and thermal stability will be reported. Together with red quantum dots or PFS/KSF phosphors as down-converters for blue LEDs, a white-light source with 95% Rec. 2020 color gamut was demonstrated [1]. For EL, red quantum dot light emitting devices (QLEDs) with record luminance of 165,000 Cd/m2 has been obtained at a current density of 1000 mA/cm2 with a low driving voltage of 5.8 V and CIE coordinates of (0.69, 0.31). [2] The potential of using these QLEDs for light sources for integrated sensing platform [3] or high efficiency, high color quality hybrid white OLED [4] will be discussed. [1] Y. N. Wang, J. He, H. Chen, J. S. Chen, R. D. Zhu, P. Ma, A. Towers, Y. Lin, A. J. Gesquiere, S. T. Wu, Y. J. Dong. Ultrastable, Highly Luminescent Organic-Inorganic Perovskite - Polymer Composite Films, Advanced Materials, accepted, (2016). [2] Y. J. Dong, J.M. Caruge, Z. Q. Zhou, C. Hamilton, Z. Popovic, J. Ho, M. Stevenson, G. Liu, V. Bulovic, M. Bawendi, P. T. Kazlas, S. Coe-Sullivan, and J. Steckel Ultra-bright, Highly Efficient, Low Roll-off Inverted Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Devices (QLEDs). SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 46, 270-273 (2015). [3] J. He, H. Chen, S. T. Wu, and Y. J. Dong, Integrated Sensing Platform Based on Quantum

Avaliação do comportamento reológico na retração plástica e na fissuração de argamassas de concreto auto-adensável

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. S. Girotto

Full Text Available Este artigo investigou a influência do teor de aditivo superplastificante e da adição mineral - sílica ativa e filer basáltico - na retração plástica ena fissuração de argamassas do concreto auto-adensável (CAA. Numa primeira fase foi realizada a análise do comportamento reológico dasfases pasta e argamassa das composições de CAA. Em seguida, foram mensuradas as deformações das argamassas pelo efeito da retração plástica e avaliada sua fissuração. Tanto na retração plástica quanto na fissuração, a composição com adição de sílica ativa apresentouresultados superiores, independente da ação do vento e teor de superplastificante. No entanto, no assentamento plástico, a composição comsílica ativa apresentou resultados superiores somente nos ensaios com ventilação imposta. O comportamento reológico afetou diretamente aretração plástica e fissuração nas primeiras idades, fato confirmado pela análise das pressões capilares das argamassas ensaiadas.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognosis of language outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amanda Brignell

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Background Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder, yet little is known about the prognosis of language in children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies reporting language outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Method A comprehensive search strategy with a well-established sensitive prognosis filter for Medline, adapted for five other databases, was used. Included studies observed individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder for ≥12 months and had ≥30 participants. Risk of bias was assessed. Results Fifty-four studies (N = 5064 met inclusion criteria. Language outcomes were standardised assessments (n = 35, notation of presence/absence of verbal language (n = 11 or both (n = 8. Age at baseline ranged from 17 months to 26 years, duration of follow-up from 1 to 38 years. Most publications (92% were rated medium to high risk of bias. In all but one study individuals had below-average scores at baseline and follow-up. However, in most (n = 24/25; 96% studies reporting standard scores, individuals (aged ≤ 11 years at follow-up progressed at a comparable rate to age-expected norms or demonstrated some ‘catch up’ over time. Meta-analyses found mean standard scores increased over time in three language domains (composite receptive language, composite expressive language and adaptive language. Nineteen to thirty percent of children aged five years and under gained verbal language. For children aged over five years 5–32% gained verbal language over the course of study. Age, baseline language scores, IQ and length of follow-up did not moderate between study differences in composite language or adaptive language growth or the acquisition of verbal language. Conclusion Despite variability in study methods, findings were consistent, with the majority of studies reporting children under 11 years on average progressed at a

Design of Feedback in Interactive Multimedia Language Learning Environments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vehbi Türel

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In interactive multimedia environments, different digital elements (i. e. video, audio, visuals, text, animations, graphics and glossary can be combined and delivered on the same digital computer screen (TDM 1997: 151, CCED 1987, Brett 1998: 81, Stenton 1998: 11, Mangiafico 1996: 46. This also enables effectively provision and presentation of feedback in pedagogically more efficient ways, which meets not only the requirement of different teaching and learning theories, but also the needs of language learners who vary in their learning-style preferences (Robinson 1991: 156, Peter 1994: 157f.. This study aims to bring out the pedagogical and design principles that might help us to more effectively design and customise feedback in interactive multimedia language learning environments. While so doing, some examples of thought out and customized computerised feedback from an interactive multimedia language learning environment, which were designed and created by the author of this study and were also used for language learning purposes, will be shown.

A highly penetrant form of childhood apraxia of speech due to deletion of 16p11.2.

Science.gov (United States)

Fedorenko, Evelina; Morgan, Angela; Murray, Elizabeth; Cardinaux, Annie; Mei, Cristina; Tager-Flusberg, Helen; Fisher, Simon E; Kanwisher, Nancy

2016-02-01

Individuals with heterozygous 16p11.2 deletions reportedly suffer from a variety of difficulties with speech and language. Indeed, recent copy-number variant screens of children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a specific and rare motor speech disorder, have identified three unrelated individuals with 16p11.2 deletions. However, the nature and prevalence of speech and language disorders in general, and CAS in particular, is unknown for individuals with 16p11.2 deletions. Here we took a genotype-first approach, conducting detailed and systematic characterization of speech abilities in a group of 11 unrelated children ascertained on the basis of 16p11.2 deletions. To obtain the most precise and replicable phenotyping, we included tasks that are highly diagnostic for CAS, and we tested children under the age of 18 years, an age group where CAS has been best characterized. Two individuals were largely nonverbal, preventing detailed speech analysis, whereas the remaining nine met the standard accepted diagnostic criteria for CAS. These results link 16p11.2 deletions to a highly penetrant form of CAS. Our findings underline the need for further precise characterization of speech and language profiles in larger groups of affected individuals, which will also enhance our understanding of how genetic pathways contribute to human communication disorders.

Abstract rule learning in 11- and 14-month-old infants.

Science.gov (United States)

Koulaguina, Elena; Shi, Rushen

2013-02-01

This study tests the hypothesis that distributional information can guide infants in the generalization of word order movement rules at the initial stage of language acquisition. Participants were 11- and 14-month-old infants. Stimuli were sentences in Russian, a language that was unknown to our infants. During training the word order of each sentence was transformed following a consistent pattern (e.g., ABC-BAC). During the test phase infants heard novel sentences that respected the trained rule and ones that violated the trained rule (i.e., a different transformation such as ABC-ACB). Stimuli words had highly variable phonological and morphological shapes. The cue available was the positional information of words and their non-adjacent relations across sentences. We found that 14-month-olds, but not 11-month-olds, showed evidence of abstract rule generalization to novel instances. The implications of this finding to early syntactic acquisition are discussed.

Ações estratégicas sistêmicas visando a integração da cadeia produtiva e de reciclagem de plásticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liane Mahlmann Kipper

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Vivemos na sociedade do consumo, onde os impactos da industrialização e do crescimento populacional, bem como seus efeitos sócio-ambientais, nas áreas urbanas, estão entre os maiores desafios da atualidade. Nessa realidade a grande geração de lixo vem agravar o quadro ambiental. A reciclagem do resíduo plástico pode contribuir com a viabilidade econômica da reciclagem do lixo em geral, pois economiza matéria-prima, vem aparecendo com grande intensidade na massa de resíduos dos municípios brasileiros e apresenta grande conteúdo energético. Este trabalho apresenta estudo sobre a cadeia produtiva ou cadeia de valor (Supply Chain que engloba os principais agentes na produção dos plásticos bem como sua reintrodução na cadeia após seu uso. No ponto de vista sistêmico, entendemos como cadeia de valor o desenvolvimento de inter-relações que buscam agrupar segmentos produtivos apresentando formas diferenciadas de cooperação de modo a promover melhorias no ciclo de produção e consumo. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na abordagem sistêmica e crítica, considerando que todas as variáveis envolvidas estão inter-relacionadas. De acordo com essa concepção pode-se definir a rede de reciclagem de plástico como uma unidade global organizada de inter-relações entre elementos, ações e indivíduos. Esses elementos não são unidades simples e sim relativas ao todo do qual fazem parte. Tendo como base essa concepção e o processo realizado pode-se propor que, para a existência de uma rede sustentável de reciclagem de plásticos em nível municipal e ou regional, exista um comitê gestor de resíduos sólidos visando à integração dos agentes e a auto-regulação necessária para a sustentação da rede de reciclagem de plásticos.

New series of ORACLE tutorials, March-June 2006

CERN Multimedia

Catherine Delamare

2006-01-01

The IT DES Oracle Support team is pleased to announce the new series of Oracle tutorials with the proposed schedule: Thursday 20 April - SQL I - Eva Dafonte Perez Thursday 27 April - SQL II - Lucia Moreno Lopez Thursday 4 May - Architecture - Montse Collados Thursday 11 May - Tuning - Michal Kwiatek Thursday 1 June - PL/SQL I - Eva Dafonte Perez Thursday 8 June - PL/SQL II - Nilo Segura Thursday 15 June - Oracle Tools and Bindings with languages - Eric Grancher, Nilo Segura These tutorials will take place in the IT Auditorium (bldg. 31/3-004) starting at 10:00. The average duration will be 1 hour plus time for questions. There is no need to register in advance. You can access the previous 2002-2003 sessions at http://it-des.web.cern.ch/IT-DES/DIS/oracle/tutorials.html If you need more information, please contact Catherine.Delamare@cern.ch

Individual differences in children's emotion understanding: Effects of age and language

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pons, Francisco; Lawson, J.: Harris, P.; Rosnay, M. de

2003-01-01

Over the last two decades, it has been established that children's emotion understanding changes as they develop. Recent studies have also begun to address individual differences in children's emotion understanding. The first goal of this study was to examine the development of these individual...... differences across a wide age range with a test assessing nine different components of emotion understanding. The second goal was to examine the relation between language ability and individual differences in emotion understanding. Eighty children ranging in age from 4 to 11 years were tested. Children...... displayed a clear improvement with age in both their emotion understanding and language ability. In each age group, there were clear individual differences in emotion understanding and language ability. Age and language ability together explained 72% of emotion understanding variance; 20% of this variance...

Evaluación de la longitud de grietas por fatiga mediante la deformación plástica en muestras compactas de tracción empleando el ruido magnético de Barkhausen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de los Reyes-Rodríguez, F.

2013-08-01

Full Text Available In this paper the influence of different parameters on crack length is determined via plastic deformation using magnetic Barkhausen noise; the compact specimens steel used in this study were 12Cr1MoV and 11Cr1Mo, which are used for steam transportation on power plants. The main objective of this paper is to determine the crack length and its incubation time using magnetic Barkhausen noise, which lets to improve the pre-cracking process prior creep crack growth rate test simulating the real conditions of high pressure and temperature of main steam lines. Results showed that mean root square and maximum pick of voltage decrease with plastic deformation for each steel analyzed in this work, on the other hand, with the increasing of plastic deformation, a logic relationship between plastic deformation and spectrum density is observed for mid frequencies values, as well as, a variation of the amplitude, width and shape of the Barkhausen signal envelope.En este trabajo se estudia la influencia de distintos parámetros de la señal del ruido magnético de Barkhausen (RMB en la deformación plástica (DP y, en consecuencia, en la longitud de grieta de probetas compactas de tracción (PCT, fabricadas con aceros 12Cr1MoV y 11Cr1Mo respectivamente, los cuales son empleados principalmente en la industria termoenergética a nivel mundial. Este estudio se lleva a cabo con el objetivo de conocer, por medio de parámetros del RMB, la longitud de la grieta y el momento más próximo a su incubación, lo cual permite perfeccionar el proceso de preagrietamiento, previo el ensayo de velocidad de propagación de grietas a elevadas temperaturas. Se determina el voltaje medio cuadrado (Vrms y el máximo voltaje de pico (MVP de la señal del RMB, magnitudes que decrecen con el incremento de la deformación plástica para cada uno de los aceros estudiados; por otra parte, con el incremento de la deformación plástica se observa, para valores medios de la frecuencia

Who Studies Which Language and Why? : A Cross-Language Survey of First-Year College-Level Language Learners

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kathryn M. Howard

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This article focuses on surveys of first-year language learners studying 19 different languages at two large East Coast Universities. The survey included questions about why students decided to study these languages, including career plans, study abroad, interest in liter-ature and culture, desire to communicate with speakers of the lan-guage, desire to speak with family members, building on previous language skills, and love of languages in general. Results were broken down by language and by language types, such as whether the lan-guages were commonly taught in the United States, how the lan-guages are politicized in the current historical context, and how the languages intersect with historical and geographic trends in immigra-tion and immigration policy. This article examines in particular the presence of heritage language learners in these language classrooms, the varying reasons that students choose to study these languages, and students’ prior attainment and exposure to the language. The pa-per discusses the political, historical, and social contexts of language study in the United States and the associated implications for effec-tive language recruitment and effective language program design.

Language Learning Strategies in Second & Foreign Language Acquisition

OpenAIRE

TAKEUCHI, Osamu

1991-01-01

This article is an attempt to the work on language learning strategies(LLS) in second & foreign language acquisiton (SFLA) research, and to give suggestions for future language learning strategies research. In the first section, I will discuss briefly the background of language learning strategies reserch, and in the ensuing sections, I will review articles on: (i) the identification & classification of language learning strategies; (ii) the variables affecting the use of language learning st...

Caracterização de Polímeros e Determinação de Constituintes Inorgânicos em Embalagens Plásticas Metalizadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soares Eufemia P.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta os resultados analíticos da determinação de elementos químicos em materiais plásticos metalizados, obtidos por análise por ativação com nêutrons (NAA e os resultados da identificação de polímeros por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IR e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC. Foram coletadas amostras de plásticos metalizados de embalagens de alimentos e cosméticos. Os resultados dos testes IR e DSC indicaram que os tipos de polímeros usados em plásticos metalizados são polietileno, polipropileno, poli(tereftalato de etileno e poliestireno. A NAA consistiu em irradiar as amostras e padrões com fluxo de nêutrons térmicos do reator nuclear IEA-R1, seguido da medida da atividade dos raios gama induzidos usando um detector de Germânio hiperpuro acoplado ao espectrômetro de raios gama. Elementos tóxicos como arsênio, cádmio, cromo, níquel e antimônio assim como elementos não tóxicos como bário, cálcio, cobalto, ferro, escândio, selênio e zinco foram determinados e suas concentrações apresentaram grande variabilidade entre as amostras. A análise de polímeros e elementos tóxicos é de grande interesse para o desenvolvimento de processos adequados e seguros para reciclagem e incineração de embalagens plásticas metalizadas, sem causar danos ao ambiente.

Estudio de la fractura de materiales compuestos por una matriz de plástico

OpenAIRE

Maspoch, M. Ll. (Maria Lluïsa)

1992-01-01

Se estudia el comportamiento a fractura de materiales, compuestos por una matriz de plástico en la que se ha dispersado una segunda fase en forma de partículas elastoméricas. Como matriz se han utilizado dos materiales diferentes: una resina de poliéster insaturada y poliestireno. Se estudia la morfología de los materiales compuestos preparados, se determinan los parámetros de fractura y otras propiedades mecánicas, se realiza el estudio fractográfico y finalmente se analizan los resultados e...

VEGFR1-mediated pericyte ablation links VEGF and PlGF to cancer-associated retinopathy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cao, Renhai; Xue, Yuan; Hedlund, Eva-Maria

2010-01-01

. Moreover, blockade of VEGFR1 but not VEGFR2 significantly restores pericyte saturation in mature retinal vessels. Our findings link VEGF and PlGF to cancer-associated retinopathy, reveal the molecular mechanisms of VEGFR1 ligand-mediated retinopathy, and define VEGFR1 as an important target......, and adenoviral vectors ablates pericytes from the mature retinal vasculature through the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1)-mediated signaling pathway, leading to increased vascular leakage. In contrast, we demonstrate VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is primarily expressed in nonvascular photoreceptors and ganglion cells...

Danish children's acquisition of noun plurals: the role of methodology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjærbæk, Laila; Basbøll, Hans

In an earlier study we investigated the development of noun plurals in Danish children aged 0-10 years using a multi method research approach comparing five different data types: 1) lexical data; 2) reported data; 3) naturalistic spontaneous child language input and output; 4) semi-naturalistic/s......In an earlier study we investigated the development of noun plurals in Danish children aged 0-10 years using a multi method research approach comparing five different data types: 1) lexical data; 2) reported data; 3) naturalistic spontaneous child language input and output; 4) semi...... the experimental data and we therefore predict a lower percentage of incorrectly produced PL forms in the semi-naturalistic/semi-experimental than in the experimental data. 3) In the experimental data the children are to produce the PL form of nouns given by the investigator. We expect children to produce a large...... amount of sg. instead of PL forms, either as a repetition of the sg. form given by the investigator or as a PL error form irreguralizing the “Ø” PL marker (pure zero, e.g. sg. mus ‘mouse’ – PL mus ‘mice’). 4) The experimental data is based on a fixed number of specific pre-selected items and we therefore...

Estrategias para el desarrollo sostenible y posicionamiento de la cadena productiva del plátano del Departamento de Arauca monitoreo y evaluación

OpenAIRE

Ciro Baez, Viviana Andrea; Miranda Prada, Jessica Alexandra

2014-01-01

El Departamento de Arauca es en la actualidad el primer productor de plátano a nivel nacional con un área sembrada de 28.410 hectáreas, una producción anual de 384.460 toneladas y un rendimiento promedio de 13,5 ton/ha. El establecimiento de una planta de procesamiento de plátano en el Departamento, es para CODEPLAR una oportunidad de crecimiento y consolidación de la cadena productiva. El impacto social y competitivo de este proyecto permitiría la generación de nuevas fuentes de empleo y ...

Comparación económica de dos sistemas de producción en plátano en la Zona Norte de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Ruiz, Carlos

2007-01-01

Se evaluó la rentabilidad de dos sistemas de producción de plátano, el convencional (tecnificado) y el tradicional (bajo en insumos agrícolas), mediante la relación beneficio-costo (B/C) y los presupuestos parciales, donde se determinó que la actividad productiva en ambos sistemas es rentable, con una relación beneficio-costo de 1,97 para el sistema tradicional y de 1,98 para el convencional. Se considera que esta relación será mayor a partir del segundo año de producción de plátano y descend...

Metodología para la evaluación de la calidad de plántulas de ciprés (cupressus lusitanica mill.) en vivero

OpenAIRE

F. Rojas

2002-01-01

Con base en 24 parcelas permanentes de muestreo, establecidas aleatoriamente en bancales de producción de plántulas de ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.) en el vivero forestal del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica en Cartago, se realizó durante 28 semanas la presente investigación para la determinación de una metodología de evaluación de la calidad de ciprés en vivero. Se propone un sistema de muestreo aleatorio por bancales con base en parcelas aleatorias de dos hileras (28 plánt...

Child language interventions in public health: a systematic literature review.

Science.gov (United States)

De Cesaro, Bruna Campos; Gurgel, Léia Gonçalves; Nunes, Gabriela Pisoni Canedo; Reppold, Caroline Tozzi

2013-01-01

Systematically review the literature on interventions in children's language in primary health care. One searched the electronic databases (January 1980 to March 2013) MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), Scopus, Lilacs and Scielo. The search terms used were "child language", "primary health care", "randomized controlled trial" and "intervention studies" (in English, Portuguese and Spanish). There were included any randomized controlled trials that addressed the issues child language and primary health care. The analysis was based on the type of language intervention conducted in primary health care. Seven studies were included and used intervention strategies such as interactive video, guidance for parents and group therapy. Individuals of both genders were included in the seven studies. The age of the children participant in the samples of the articles included in this review ranged from zero to 11 years. These seven studies used approaches that included only parents, parents and children or just children. The mainly intervention in language on primary health care, used in randomized controlled trials, involved the use of interactional video. Several professionals, beyond speech and language therapist, been inserted in the language interventions on primary health care, demonstrating the importance of interdisciplinary work. None of the articles mentioned aspects related to hearing. There was scarcity of randomized controlled trials that address on language and public health, either in Brazil or internationally.

A multi-objective location-inventory model for 3PL providers with sustainable considerations under uncertainty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Daghigh

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In recent years, logistics development is considered as an important aspect of any country’s development. Outsourcing logistics activities to third party logistics (3PL providers is a common way to achieve logistics development. On the other hand, globalization and increasing customers’ concern about the environmental impact of activities as well as the appearance of the issue of social responsibility have led companies employ sustainable supply chain management, which considers economic, environmental and social benefits, simultaneously. This paper proposes a multi-objective model to design logistics network for 3PL providers by considering sustainable objectives under uncertainty. Objective functions include minimizing the total cost, minimizing greenhouse gas emission and maximizing social responsibility subject to fair access to products, number of created job opportunities and local community development. It is worth mentioning that in the present paper the perishability of products is also considered. A numerical example is provided to solve and validate model using augmented Epsilon-Constraint method. The results show that three sustainable objectives were in conflict and as the one receives more desirable values, the others fall into more undesirable values. In addition, by increasing maximum perishable time periods and by considering lateral transshipment among facilities of a level one can improve sustainability indices of the problem, which indicates the necessity of such policy in improving network sustainability.

What sign language creation teaches us about language.

Science.gov (United States)

Brentari, Diane; Coppola, Marie

2013-03-01

How do languages emerge? What are the necessary ingredients and circumstances that permit new languages to form? Various researchers within the disciplines of primatology, anthropology, psychology, and linguistics have offered different answers to this question depending on their perspective. Language acquisition, language evolution, primate communication, and the study of spoken varieties of pidgin and creoles address these issues, but in this article we describe a relatively new and important area that contributes to our understanding of language creation and emergence. Three types of communication systems that use the hands and body to communicate will be the focus of this article: gesture, homesign systems, and sign languages. The focus of this article is to explain why mapping the path from gesture to homesign to sign language has become an important research topic for understanding language emergence, not only for the field of sign languages, but also for language in general. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:201-211. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1212 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sintesis in situ de nanopartículas de peróxido de zinc sobre fibras de plátano con potencial en la industria textil

OpenAIRE

María Estefanía Ballesteros García; John Ricardo Jr. Duran Romero; Juliana Gutiérrez Corrales; Alis Pataquiva-Mateus

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo de investigación plantea un desarrollo entorno al manejo de residuos en los cultivos de plátano, siendo una idea sostenible con respecto a la extracción y adquisición de fibras con cualidades innovadoras que posean nanopartículas (NPs) de ZnO2 como la capacidad antimicrobiana. La finalidad de la investigación fue la de nanoestructurar fibras provenientes de residuos del plátano con NPs de peróxido de zinc como una propuesta sostenible, teniendo en cuenta factores de optimi...

Unique Neural Characteristics of Atypical Lateralization of Language in Healthy Individuals

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Szymon P. Biduła

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI in 63 healthy participants, including left-handed and ambidextrous individuals, we tested how atypical lateralization of language—i. e., bilateral or right hemispheric language representation—differs from the typical left-hemisphere dominance. Although regardless of their handedness, all 11 participants from the atypical group engaged classical language centers, i.e., Broca's and Wernicke's areas, the right-hemisphere components of the default mode network (DMN, including the angular gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, were also critically involved during the verbal fluency task. Importantly, activity in these regions could not be explained in terms of mirroring the typical language pattern because left-hemisphere dominant individuals did not exhibit similar significant signal modulations. Moreover, when spatial extent of language-related activity across whole brain was considered, the bilateral language organization entailed more diffuse functional processing. Finally, we detected significant differences between the typical and atypical group in the resting-state connectivity at the global and local level. These findings suggest that the atypical lateralization of language has unique features, and is not a simple mirror image of the typical left hemispheric language representation.

Stationary and time resolved PL spectroscopy for analysis of ultrafst photoreactions in MALDI and solar cell samples; Stationaere und zeitaufgeloeste Photolumineszenz-Spektroskopie zur Analyse ultraschneller Photoreaktionen in MALDI- und Solarzellenproben

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoyer, Theo

2009-02-12

Stationary and time resolved measurements of photoluminescence (PL) were performed to analyse ultrafast photoreactions in solid MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) and solar cell samples. The investigation of pure cinnamic acid samples resulted in a first-time observation of a PL signature which is controlled by a photodimerisation on a ps- and fs-time scale. Other matrix compounds showed clear evidence of ultrafast photoinduced crystal reactions as well. In analyte/matrix mixtures consisting of angiotensin II and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid or sinapinic acid, an additional effective PL quenching of matrix monomers was identified. This clearly indicates the existence of a further ultrafast photoreaction which strongly competes with the photodimerisation. The additional reaction is assumed to be a photoisomerisation of matrix monomers and to occur in the immediate vicinity of the analyte molecules. PL measurements on solar cell samples were performed with a P3HT/PCBM-mixture. The results show that within 150 fs about 50% of the P3HT-excitations relax via spontaneous charge transfer to PCBM molecules in this mixture.

Artistas plásticos según su público: análisis de la plástica bumanguesa desde la visión del espectador1

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Juliana Silva Díaz

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo presenta la interpretación de un sondeo realizado a los diferentes agentes que han tenido alguna relación con las artes plásticas en Bucaramanga, Colombia, durante los últimos cinco años (2008-2012. Se muestra la visión y las ideas que tanto el público espectador como los artistas creadores de la ciudad tienen sobre el arte y quienes lo desempeñan, además de los requerimientos que, según ambos, deben tener los artistas para ser reconocidos como tal. Finalmente, partiendo de un ejercicio estadístico, se reseña a los cuatro artistas que mayor recurrencia tuvieron en las encuestas y se intenta un diagnóstico del ambiente de las artes plásticas de la ciudad.ABSTRACTThe following article presents an interpretation of a survey applied to those who have been involved with the field of Fine Arts in Bucaramanga, Colombia, during the last five years (2008-2012. It shows the perceptions that both the viewing public and artists have about arts and about those who work in the field, as well as the requirements that artist must have in order to be recognized as such. Finally, after a statistical analysis we review four artists who had the most incidence in the surveys, and propose a diagnosis of the state the local visual arts scene.RÉSUMÉL’article qui suit présente l’interprétation d’une enquête réalisée auprès des différents acteurs qui ont eu une certaine relation avec les arts plastiques à Bucaramanga, en Colombie, au cours des cinq dernières années (2008-2012. On y dévoile la vision et les idées que le public spectateur, tout comme les artistes créateurs de la ville partagent sur l’art et ceux qui l’exécutent, en plus des exigences que, d’après ceux-ci, devraient avoir les artistes en vue d’être reconnus comme tels. Enfin, partant d’un exercice statistique, sont décrits les quatre artistes qui ont eu le plus de récurrence dans les enquêtes ainsi qu’une tentative de diagnostic de

Language Contact.

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Nelde, Peter Hans

1995-01-01

Examines the phenomenon of language contact and recent trends in linguistic contact research, which focuses on language use, language users, and language spheres. Also discusses the role of linguistic and cultural conflicts in language contact situations. (13 references) (MDM)

MINORITY LANGUAGES IN ESTONIAN SEGREGATIVE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENTS

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Elvira Küün

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The goal of this project in Estonia was to determine what languages are spoken by students from the 2nd to the 5th year of basic school at their homes in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. At the same time, this problem was also studied in other segregated regions of Estonia: Kohtla-Järve and Maardu. According to the database of the population census from the year 2000 (Estonian Statistics Executive Office's census 2000, there are representatives of 142 ethnic groups living in Estonia, speaking a total of 109 native languages. At the same time, the database doesn’t state which languages are spoken at homes. The material presented in this article belongs to the research topic “Home Language of Basic School Students in Tallinn” from years 2007–2008, specifically financed and ordered by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant No. ETF 7065 in the framework of an international study called “Multilingual Project”. It was determined what language is dominating in everyday use, what are the factors for choosing the language for communication, what are the preferred languages and language skills. This study reflects the actual trends of the language situation in these cities.

II José Plínio Baptista School of Cosmology

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Piattella, Oliver; Rodrigues, Davi; Velten, Hermano; Zimdahl, Winfried

2016-01-01

The series of texts composing this book is based on the lectures presented during the II José Plínio Baptista School of Cosmology, held in Pedra Azul (Espírito Santo, Brazil) between 9 and 14 March 2014. This II JBPCosmo has been entirely devoted to the problem of understanding theoretical and observational aspects of Cosmic Background Radiation (CMB). The CMB is one of the most important phenomena in Physics and a fundamental probe of our Universe when it was only 400,000 years old. It is an extraordinary laboratory where we can learn from particle physics to cosmology; its discovery in 1965 has been a landmark event in the history of physics. The observations of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation through the satellites COBE, WMAP and Planck provided a huge amount of data which are being analyzed in order to discover important information regarding the composition of our universe and the process of structure formation.

Language and Language Policy in Singapore.

Science.gov (United States)

Baxter, William H., III

1985-01-01

Singapore's language policy must balance the wishes of the various ethnic groups, the political situation in the regions, and the needs of economic development. Malay, Mandarin Chinese, English, and Tamil are all recognized as official languages. Malay has special symbolic status as the national language. (RM)

Options for Meeting U.S. Navy Foreign Language and Cultural Expertise Requirements in the Post 9/11 Security Environment

Science.gov (United States)

2009-06-01

inquire about weather or sea conditions or inspect vessels. Higher-level language skills, especially those associated with the art of diplomacy...and Schools, and since 2002 has conferred Associates of Arts in Foreign Language (AA/FL) Degrees upon resident students who successfully complete all...Specialist (RP), Machinery Repairman (MR), Gas Turbine System Technician (GS), Culinary Specialist (CS), Naval Aircrewman (AW), and Command Master Chief

THE INFLUENCE OF LANGUAGE USE AND LANGUAGE ATTITUDE ON THE MAINTENANCE OF COMMUNITY LANGUAGES SPOKEN BY MIGRANT STUDENTS

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Leni Amalia Suek

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The maintenance of community languages of migrant students is heavily determined by language use and language attitudes. The superiority of a dominant language over a community language contributes to attitudes of migrant students toward their native languages. When they perceive their native languages as unimportant language, they will reduce the frequency of using that language even though at home domain. Solutions provided for a problem of maintaining community languages should be related to language use and attitudes of community languages, which are developed mostly in two important domains, school and family. Hence, the valorization of community language should be promoted not only in family but also school domains. Several programs such as community language school and community language program can be used for migrant students to practice and use their native languages. Since educational resources such as class session, teachers and government support are limited; family plays significant roles to stimulate positive attitudes toward community language and also to develop the use of native languages.

Aspectos anatômicos de plântulas Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Anatomical aspects of the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seedling

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C.F. Azevedo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A erva-doce, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae, é uma erva entouceirada, aromática que apresenta propriedades condimentares e medicinais; tem origem Européia e é amplamente cultivada em todo o Brasil. Devido à deficiência de informações relativas à organização estrutural de plântulas de espécies medicinais, o presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer informações sobre a anatomia e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de F. vulgare. As sementes de erva-doce foram semeadas em areia e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 25 dias, sendo realizadas regas diárias. Foram selecionadas plântulas normais e de padrão uniforme, que tiveram raiz, zona de transição, caule, cotilédones e primeiras folhas seccionados à mão livre. Este material foi corado e montado em lâminas com glicerina para observação em microscópio. Em todos os órgãos da plântula de erva-doce a epiderme é unisseriada, cuticularizada e com estômatos; sendo que as duas últimas estruturas não são encontradas na raiz, porém esta apresenta pêlos unicelulares e cônicos. Os cotilédones e as folhas apresentam funções fotossintéticas e nutricionais, indicadas pela presença de grande quantidade de estômatos, cloroplastos e amido. A caracterização anatômica de plântulas de F. vulgare auxilia na identificação da espécie e no conhecimento da organização celular, fornecendo informações que auxiliam em estudos fisiológicos, taxonômicos e ecológicos.Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae, is a forming clumps herb and presents aromatic, medicinal and condimental properties. It has European origin and is widely cultivated and used in Brazil. Due to lack of information concerning the structural organization of seedlings of medicinal species, this study aimed to provide information about the anatomy and development of F. vulgare seedlings. The seeds fennel was sowed in sand and maintained in greenhouse for 25 days, with daily waterings. Were selected

Internationally Adopted Children in the Early School Years: Relative Strengths and Weaknesses in Language Abilities

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Glennen, Sharon

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relative strengths and weaknesses in language and verbal short-term memory abilities of school-age children who were adopted from Eastern Europe. Method: Children adopted between 1;0 and 4;11 (years;months) of age were assessed with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, Second…

Memory Impairment in Children with Language Impairment

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Baird, Gillian; Dworzynski, Katharina; Slonims, Vicky; Simonoff, Emily

2010-01-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess whether any memory impairment co-occurring with language impairment is global, affecting both verbal and visual domains, or domain specific. Method: Visual and verbal memory, learning, and processing speed were assessed in children aged 6 years to 16 years 11 months (mean 9y 9m, SD 2y 6mo) with current,…

Comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de videiras 'Cabernet sauvignon' cultivadas sob cobertura plástica Vegetative growth and yield of 'Cabernet sauvignon' grapevine under overhead plastic covering

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Clenilso Sehnen Mota

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O uso de cobertura plástica no cultivo de videira encontra-se em expansão no Rio Grande do Sul, por ser uma alternativa que visa a proteger as plantas da precipitação pluvial e do granizo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os impactos de uma cobertura plástica translúcida e impermeável sobre a fenologia, o crescimento (de ramos, folhas, cachos e bagas e a produtividade em videiras 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera L., com cinco anos de idade, conduzidas em sistema 'Y', sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103. O experimento, conduzido no município de Caxias do Sul-RS, seguiu o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, tendo os tratamentos sem e com cobertura plástica, com quatro repetições de 15 plantas (unidade experimental. As alterações microclimáticas impostas pela cobertura plástica não foram expressivas para alterar a fenologia da videira. As plantas cultivadas sob cobertura plástica apresentaram maiores valores de comprimento e massa fresca de ramos e de área, e massa seca foliar em comparação às plantas descobertas. O peso e o diâmetro de bagas foram superiores nas videiras cobertas apenas no início do ciclo e não diferiram próximo da colheita. As demais variáveis analisadas não foram afetadas pela cobertura plástica. A cobertura plástica interferiu no crescimento vegetativo das plantas, mas não afetou a produção.There is an increasing adoption of overhead plastic covering for grapevines in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, to protect the plants from rain and hail storms. This study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of overhead plastic covering with a translucent and water-proof plastic film on phenological, growth (of branch, leaves, clusters, and berries, and yield attributes of five years old 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. on Paulsen 1103 rootstock raised as 'Y' management system. The experiment was carried out in Caxias do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, and followed a

The effects of multisensory structured language instruction on native language and foreign language aptitude skills of at-risk high school foreign language learners.

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Sparks, R; Ganschow, L; Pohlman, J; Skinner, S; Artzer, M

1992-12-01

Research findings suggest that most students who have foreign language learning problems have language-based difficulties and, in particular, phonological processing problems. Authors of the present study examined pre- and posttest scores on native language and foreign language aptitude tests of three groups of at-risk high school students enrolled in special, self-contained sections of first-year Spanish. Two groups were instructed using a multisensory structured language (MSL) approach. One of the groups was taught in both English and Spanish (MSL/ES), the other only in Spanish (MSL/S). The third group (NO-MSL) was instructed using more traditional second language teaching methodologies. Significant gains were made by the MSL-ES group on measures of native language phonology, vocabulary, and verbal memory and on a test of foreign language aptitude; the MSL/S group made significant gains on the test of foreign language aptitude. No significant gains on the native language or foreign language aptitude measures were made by the NO-MSL group. Implications for foreign language classroom instruction of at-risk students are discussed.

Controle do tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate pelo tratamento de sementes com quitosana Control of beet and tomato damping-off by seed treatment with chitosan

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Sérgio Miguel Mazaro

2009-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes, com o indutor de resistência quitosana, sobre o tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate, e sua relação com alterações bioquímicas e a defesa vegetal. Cada parcela foi representada por 25 sementes. Os tratamentos consistiram da imersão das sementes em quitosana nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4%. Posteriormente, as sementes foram semeadas em bandejas com o substrato infectado com Rhizoctonia sp., e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 14 dias. A quitosana induziu a resistência das plântulas de beterraba e tomate e reduziu a incidência de tombamento. As concentrações de 1,1 e 2,5% apresentaram maior eficiência na redução do tombamento, para as culturas da beterraba e tomate, respectivamente. O uso da quitosana induz o aumento na atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL e interfere nas variáveis bioquímicas foliares de proteínas e açúcares totais e redutores.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment using the resistance inductor chitosan to control damping-off in tomato and beet seedlings, and its relationship with plant biochemical alterations and plant protection. Each plot was represented by twenty-five seeds. Treatments consisted of seed immersion in a chitosan suspension at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% concentrations. Seeds were then sowed in trays with a substrate infected with Rhizoctonia sp. and maintained in greenhouse conditions for 14 days. Chitosan induced seedling resistance and reduced damping-off. The 1.1 and 2.5% concentrations were more efficient in controling the damping-off for beet and tomato crops respectively. Chitosan increases the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL activity and interferes with the total proteins and total and reduced sugars rates in the leaves.

Bilinguals' Existing Languages Benefit Vocabulary Learning in a Third Language.

Science.gov (United States)

Bartolotti, James; Marian, Viorica

2017-03-01

Learning a new language involves substantial vocabulary acquisition. Learners can accelerate this process by relying on words with native-language overlap, such as cognates. For bilingual third language learners, it is necessary to determine how their two existing languages interact during novel language learning. A scaffolding account predicts transfer from either language for individual words, whereas an accumulation account predicts cumulative transfer from both languages. To compare these accounts, twenty English-German bilingual adults were taught an artificial language containing 48 novel written words that varied orthogonally in English and German wordlikeness (neighborhood size and orthotactic probability). Wordlikeness in each language improved word production accuracy, and similarity to one language provided the same benefit as dual-language overlap. In addition, participants' memory for novel words was affected by the statistical distributions of letters in the novel language. Results indicate that bilinguals utilize both languages during third language acquisition, supporting a scaffolding learning model.

Performance of Low-Income Dual Language Learners Attending English-Only Schools on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition, Spanish.

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Barragan, Beatriz; Castilla-Earls, Anny; Martinez-Nieto, Lourdes; Restrepo, M Adelaida; Gray, Shelley

2018-04-05

The aim of this study was to examine the performance of a group of Spanish-speaking, dual language learners (DLLs) who were attending English-only schools and came from low-income and low-parental education backgrounds on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition, Spanish (CELF-4S; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2006). Spanish-speaking DLLs (N = 656), ages 5;0 (years;months) to 7;11, were tested for language impairment (LI) using the core language score of the CELF-4S and the English Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test (Dawson, Stout, & Eyer, 2003). A subsample (n = 299) was additionally tested using a Spanish language sample analysis and a newly developed Spanish morphosyntactic measure, for identification of children with LI and to conduct a receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Over 50% of the sample scored more than 1 SD below the mean on the core language score. In our subsample, the sensitivity of the CELF-4S was 94%, and specificity was 65%, using a cutoff score of 85 as suggested in the manual. Using an empirically derived cutoff score of 78, the sensitivity was 86%, and the specificity was 80%. Results suggest that the CELF-4S overidentifies low-income Spanish-English DLLs attending English-only schools as presenting with LI. For this sample, 1 in every 3 Latino children from low socioeconomic status was incorrectly identified with LI. Clinicians should be cautious when using the CELF-4S to evaluate low-income Spanish-English DLLs and ensure that they have converging evidence before making diagnostic decisions.

Social Interaction in Infants' Learning of Second-Language Phonetics: An Exploration of Brain-Behavior Relations.

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Conboy, Barbara T; Brooks, Rechele; Meltzoff, Andrew N; Kuhl, Patricia K

2015-01-01

Infants learn phonetic information from a second language with live-person presentations, but not television or audio-only recordings. To understand the role of social interaction in learning a second language, we examined infants' joint attention with live, Spanish-speaking tutors and used a neural measure of phonetic learning. Infants' eye-gaze behaviors during Spanish sessions at 9.5-10.5 months of age predicted second-language phonetic learning, assessed by an event-related potential measure of Spanish phoneme discrimination at 11 months. These data suggest a powerful role for social interaction at the earliest stages of learning a new language.

Discussion: Imagining the Languaged Worker's Language

Science.gov (United States)

Urciuoli, Bonnie

2016-01-01

What people perceive as "a language"--a named entity--is abstracted from practices and notions about those practices. People take for granted that language is somehow a "thing," an objectively distinct and bounded entity. How languages come to be thus imagined indexes the conditions under which they are imagined. The articles…

Sintesis in situ de nanopartículas de peróxido de zinc sobre fibras de plátano con potencial en la industria textil

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María Estefanía Ballesteros García

2017-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo de investigación plantea un desarrollo entorno al manejo de residuos en los cultivos de plátano, siendo una idea sostenible con respecto a la extracción y adquisición de fibras con cualidades innovadoras que posean nanopartículas (NPs de ZnO2 como la capacidad antimicrobiana. La finalidad de la investigación fue la de nanoestructurar fibras provenientes de residuos del plátano con NPs de peróxido de zinc como una propuesta sostenible, teniendo en cuenta factores de optimización en procesos para la síntesis de las nanopartículas. Los resultados más relevantes se obtuvieron en la prueba física microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM, en donde se destaca el tamaño nanométrico de las partículas sintetizadas de 94 nm. Se demostró el factor hidrofóbico de las fibras de plátano por encima de las fibras de algodón.

Language Revitalization and Language Pedagogy: New Teaching and Learning Strategies

Science.gov (United States)

Hinton, Leanne

2011-01-01

Language learning and teaching of endangered languages have many features and needs that are quite different from the teaching of world languages. Groups whose languages are endangered try to turn language loss around; many new language teaching and learning strategies are emerging, to suit the special needs and goals of language revitalization.…

Emergência de plântulas de Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke em função da posição de semeadura

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Ismael de Oliveira Pinto

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Para a produção de mudas busca se reduzir o tempo em que estas permanecem no viveiro e fatores como temperatura, umidade, germinação e posição da semente na semeadura podem contribuir com o prolongamento deste tempo aumentando assim os custos de produção. Desta forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar o efeito da posição da semente na semeadura sobre o processo de emergência de Schizolobium amazonicum. Para tanto, os tratamentos foram dispostos em DIC, constituído de 3 posições de semeadura com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, sendo elas:  A- com a semente em pé com o hilo para baixo; B - semente sobre uma das faces; e o C com a semente plantada de lado sobre a espessura e faces paralelas às paredes da sementeira. Foram avaliados a percentagem de emergência de plântulas, primeira contagem, IVE e  comprimento da parte aérea das plântulas. Observamos que a emergência de plântulas e primeira contagem não foram influenciados pelas posições das sementes avaliadas. A variável IVE na posição C obteve maior valor.  Quando semeadas na posição A as sementes apresentaram IVE 17,5% inferiores quando comparadas a posição C. A posição B apresentou os resultados de comprimento de plântulas mais uniforme para cada período de avaliação. 

Importancia de la cachaza como sustrato en la producción de plántulas de hortalizas

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Rengifo Juán C.

1996-12-01

Full Text Available

The present work intented to find the optime relation in mixture of filter press cake of sugar cane-botton fly ash. These mixtures provide a better conditions for the production of seedling of tomato and pepper. With the actual situation and conditions of the horticultural sector, there is the need to look for a new a cheap sustrate that fulfill the needs as good physicochemical conditions and with not bad effects on the environment. From the 26 treatments evaluated the T 10: filter press cake 75% y botton fly ash 25% it the one which showed the best conditions given the best results from all. The mixture with soil only showed positive result when the filter press cake was mix with ashes and soil where the filter press cake was over the 50% of the mixture. It is recomended the use of the relations cachaza 75%, botton fly ash 25%, as an alternative for the production of seedling of tomatoes and pepper.

Entre 1991-II y 1992-I se investigó el comportamiento de la cachaza mezclada con ceniza de carbón coke y tres tipos de suelos como sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mili, y Pimentón, Capsicum annuum L., como alternativa a los sistemas de trasplante de raíz desnuda actualmente utilizados. De los 26 tratamientos evaluados el T10 (cachaza 75%-Ceniza 25% presentó las mejores condiciones, dada su respuesta significativamente alta en todos los parámetros evaluados para calidad de las plántulas de las dos especies. Las mejores respuestas con suelo, se registraron cuando se mezclaron dos componentes (cachaza ceniza y cuando el nivel de cachaza estuvo por encima del 50% Se recomienda la utilización 75% de cachaza y 25% ceniza como alternativa para producción de plántulas de tomate y pimentón, en regiones de alta disponibilidad de estos materiales.

Original article Familial risk of dyslexia in Polish first grade pupils based on the ARHQ-PL Questionnaire

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Grażyna Krasowicz-Kupis

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Background From the perspective of dyslexia, familial risk is the issue most researched worldwide. The familial risk has never been studied in Poland. Results of many studies conducted in Europe, the U.S. and Australia show that children who have a close family member with dyslexia are at greater risk of this disorder than children in the control groups. This conclusion is backed up by the results of research on the genetic aetiology of learning disorders. In the presented study on Polish 1st grade students, the Adult Reading History Questionnaire by Lefly and Pennington (2000 in the Polish adaptation (ARHQ-PL was used. The connections between the familial risk and the level of reading, spelling, phonological abilities and other cognitive functions were analysed. Participants and procedure The study covered 513 children, including their parents, from randomly selected primary schools in the Mazowieckie province. According to the ARHQ-PL assumptions, the children’s parents were divided into groups taking into account the familial risk level. Children were individually assessed for reading, spelling, phonological abilities, naming speed, phonological memory, vocabulary level and selective attention. Inter-group comparisons were performed based on the analysed variables for the groups of children whose parents had critical results in the ARHQ. The comparisons identified high risk (or lack of risk, as per sex, age, education level and SES (socio-economical status. Results The results show that there is a significant connection between risk group membership and the level of reading and of the majority of assessed phonological abilities. More significant relationships were determined for the familial risk of dyslexia observed for mothers. Conclusions The study confirms the diagnostic accuracy of the familial dyslexia risk ratio determined using the ARHQ-PL questionnaire for reading and for the majority of the phonological abilities closely

Electroencephalographic Abnormalities during Sleep in Children with Developmental Speech-Language Disorders: A Case-Control Study

Science.gov (United States)

Parry-Fielder, Bronwyn; Collins, Kevin; Fisher, John; Keir, Eddie; Anderson, Vicki; Jacobs, Rani; Scheffer, Ingrid E.; Nolan, Terry

2009-01-01

Earlier research has suggested a link between epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and developmental speech-language disorder (DSLD). This study investigated the strength of this association by comparing the frequency of EEG abnormalities in 45 language-normal children (29 males, 16 females; mean age 6y 11mo, SD 1y 10mo, range…

Mental health problems in pre-school children with specific language impairment: Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Flapper, B.C.; Bos, A.C.; Jansen, D.E.

2011-01-01

The prevalence of mental health problems (MHP) in children with language disorders ranges from 11 to 55%, due to additional disabilities that have a significant relationship to psychosocial difficulties. Specialists assume that children with a selective disorder [selective language impairment

The Language Growth of Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners

Science.gov (United States)

Rojas, Raul; Iglesias, Aquiles

2013-01-01

Although the research literature regarding language growth trajectories is burgeoning, the shape and direction of English Language Learners' (ELLs) language growth trajectories are largely not known. This study used growth curve modeling to determine the shape of ELLs' language growth trajectories across 12,248 oral narrative language samples…

Automatic generation of the index of productive syntax for child language transcripts.

Science.gov (United States)

Hassanali, Khairun-nisa; Liu, Yang; Iglesias, Aquiles; Solorio, Thamar; Dollaghan, Christine

2014-03-01

The index of productive syntax (IPSyn; Scarborough (Applied Psycholinguistics 11:1-22, 1990) is a measure of syntactic development in child language that has been used in research and clinical settings to investigate the grammatical development of various groups of children. However, IPSyn is mostly calculated manually, which is an extremely laborious process. In this article, we describe the AC-IPSyn system, which automatically calculates the IPSyn score for child language transcripts using natural language processing techniques. Our results show that the AC-IPSyn system performs at levels comparable to scores computed manually. The AC-IPSyn system can be downloaded from www.hlt.utdallas.edu/~nisa/ipsyn.html .

Teachers' Conceptions of Motivation and Motivating Practices in Second-Language Learning: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz, Ana; Ramirez, Marta

2015-01-01

Based on self-determination theory, we conducted an exploratory study aimed at identifying teachers' beliefs about motivation and motivating practices in second-language teaching at a private language center in Medellin, Colombia. To gather data, 65 teachers were surveyed; from this initial group, 11 were interviewed and observed in class during…

Metapragmatic Explicitation and Social Attribution in Social Communication Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder: A Comparative Study

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Adams, Catherine; Lockton, Elaine; Collins, Anna

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to investigate metapragmatic (MP) ability in 6-11-year-old children with social communication disorder (SCD), developmental language disorder (DLD), and typical language development and to explore factors associated with MP explicitation and social understanding (SU). Method: In this cross-sectional study,…

Loss of heterozygosity at 11p13 and 11p15 in Wilms tumor: a study of 22 cases from India.

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Sigamani, Elanthenral; Wari, Mohammad Nahidul; Iyer, Venkateswaran K; Agarwala, Sandeep; Sharma, Arundhati; Bakhshi, Sameer; Dinda, Amit

2013-03-01

11p13 and 11p15 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in Wilms tumor (WT), the commonest molecular pathogenetic event in WT, shows variation in different parts of the world. The present study looked for the presence of 11p13 and 11p15 LOH as well as nephrogenic rests in WT occurring in India. Twenty-two cases of WT were subjected to thorough pathological examination for presence of nephrogenic rests. Fresh frozen tissue was evaluated for LOH at 11p13 and 11p15, using PCR for microsatellite markers. Among twenty-two consecutive cases of WT, 20 were unilateral and 2 were bilateral. 6/22 showed LOH at 11p13 (27.7 %) and 1/22 showed LOH at 11p15 (4.54 %). 2/22 cases showed presence of nephrogenic rests. One of the cases with LOH at 11p13 had intralobar nephrogenic rest in the adjacent kidney. One specimen had perilobar nephrogenic rest in the adjacent kidney but did not show LOH for either 11p13 or 11p15 in the tumor. LOH at 11p13 is seen in 27.27 % of WT in India, which is similar to reports in the English language literature. LOH at 11p15 was seen in 4.54 % of WT, which is lower than that reported from Western subjects.

The Metapedagogic Function of Language: Language for Language Teaching (Cases from the Nepalese Context)

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Poudel, Kamal Kumar

2017-01-01

The metalingual (also called "metalinguistic") function of language is a well-discussed concept in the literature of functional linguistics. It is often conceived as a purpose in which language is used to define or talk about language itself. Similarly, the purpose in which language is used for teaching in general is explained as the…

Oral language skills intervention in pre-school-a cautionary tale.

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Haley, Allyson; Hulme, Charles; Bowyer-Crane, Claudine; Snowling, Margaret J; Fricke, Silke

2017-01-01

While practitioners are increasingly asked to be mindful of the evidence base of intervention programmes, evidence from rigorous trials for the effectiveness of interventions that promote oral language abilities in the early years is sparse. To evaluate the effectiveness of a language intervention programme for children identified as having poor oral language skills in preschool classes. A randomized controlled trial was carried out in 13 UK nursery schools. In each nursery, eight children (N = 104, mean age = 3 years 11 months) with the poorest performance on standardized language measures were selected to take part. All but one child were randomly allocated to either an intervention (N = 52) or a waiting control group (N = 51). The intervention group received a 15-week oral language programme in addition to their standard nursery curriculum. The programme was delivered by trained teaching assistants and aimed to foster vocabulary knowledge, narrative and listening skills. Initial results revealed significant differences between the intervention and control group on measures of taught vocabulary. No group differences were found on any standardized language measure; however, there were gains of moderate effect size in listening comprehension. The study suggests that an intervention, of moderate duration and intensity, for small groups of preschool children successfully builds vocabulary knowledge, but does not generalize to non-taught areas of language. The findings strike a note of caution about implementing language interventions of moderate duration in preschool settings. The findings also highlight the importance of including a control group in intervention studies. © 2016 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

Neural Language Processing in Adolescent First-Language Learners: Longitudinal Case Studies in American Sign Language.

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Ferjan Ramirez, Naja; Leonard, Matthew K; Davenport, Tristan S; Torres, Christina; Halgren, Eric; Mayberry, Rachel I

2016-03-01

One key question in neurolinguistics is the extent to which the neural processing system for language requires linguistic experience during early life to develop fully. We conducted a longitudinal anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) analysis of lexico-semantic processing in 2 deaf adolescents who had no sustained language input until 14 years of age, when they became fully immersed in American Sign Language. After 2 to 3 years of language, the adolescents' neural responses to signed words were highly atypical, localizing mainly to right dorsal frontoparietal regions and often responding more strongly to semantically primed words (Ferjan Ramirez N, Leonard MK, Torres C, Hatrak M, Halgren E, Mayberry RI. 2014. Neural language processing in adolescent first-language learners. Cereb Cortex. 24 (10): 2772-2783). Here, we show that after an additional 15 months of language experience, the adolescents' neural responses remained atypical in terms of polarity. While their responses to less familiar signed words still showed atypical localization patterns, the localization of responses to highly familiar signed words became more concentrated in the left perisylvian language network. Our findings suggest that the timing of language experience affects the organization of neural language processing; however, even in adolescence, language representation in the human brain continues to evolve with experience. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Language Ideologies of Arizona Voters, Language Managers, and Teachers

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Fitzsimmons-Doolan, Shannon

2014-01-01

Arizona is the site of many explicit language policies as well as ongoing scholarly discussions of related language ideologies--beliefs about the role of language in society. This study adds a critical piece to the investigation of the role of ideologies in language policy processes by thoroughly documenting language ideologies expressed by a…

Genomic profiling of plasmablastic lymphoma using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH: revealing significant overlapping genomic lesions with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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Lu Xin-Yan

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Plasmablastic lymphoma (PL is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL. Studies have suggested that tumors with PL morphology represent a group of neoplasms with clinopathologic characteristics corresponding to different entities including extramedullary plasmablastic tumors associated with plasma cell myeloma (PCM. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the genetic similarities and differences among PL, DLBCL (AIDS-related and non AIDS-related and PCM using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Results Examination of genomic data in PL revealed that the most frequent segmental gain (> 40% include: 1p36.11-1p36.33, 1p34.1-1p36.13, 1q21.1-1q23.1, 7q11.2-7q11.23, 11q12-11q13.2 and 22q12.2-22q13.3. This correlated with segmental gains occurring in high frequency in DLBCL (AIDS-related and non AIDS-related cases. There were some segmental gains and some segmental loss that occurred in PL but not in the other types of lymphoma suggesting that these foci may contain genes responsible for the differentiation of this lymphoma. Additionally, some segmental gains and some segmental loss occurred only in PL and AIDS associated DLBCL suggesting that these foci may be associated with HIV infection. Furthermore, some segmental gains and some segmental loss occurred only in PL and PCM suggesting that these lesions may be related to plasmacytic differentiation. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the current study represents the first genomic exploration of PL. The genomic aberration pattern of PL appears to be more similar to that of DLBCL (AIDS-related or non AIDS-related than to PCM. Our findings suggest that PL may remain best classified as a subtype of DLBCL at least at the genome level.

Efectos del control del picudo negro (Cosmopolites sordidus en el plátano.

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Ignacio Armendáriz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar el efecto en el plátano de las capturas masivas de adultos con feromonas y de la aplicación de hongos entomopatógenos sobre Cosmopolites sordidus. La investigación se realizó en el Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador, de diciembre 2013 a octubre 2014 en una parcela de nueva plantación de plátano Barraganete y se valoró el efecto de la eliminación de restos vegetales de las parcelas. El diseño experimental fue al azar con tres repeticiones. En laboratorio se comprobó la infectividad de la cepa de Beauveria bassiana sobre adultos del picudo negro y del picudo café (Metamasius hemipterus (92,80 y 100% en M. hemipterus frente a 46,70 y 16,20% en C. sordidus. Las capturas de adultos fueron continuas a lo largo del ensayo, con una media de 0,37 adultos/trampa/día. Los datos agronómicos indicaron una diferencia positiva y significativa (análisis de la varianza de los tratamientos frente al control en el perímetro del pseudotallo (F de 4,982 y en el peso de los racimos entre las parcelas limpias con feromonas y con hongos limpias frente al control (F= 3,994. Al comparar los tratamientos el peso del racimo y la longitud de los dedos fueron significativamente mayores en las parcelas de feromonas frente a las de hongos (F = 4,508. Las capturas de adultos con feromonas no estuvieron condicionadas por la limpieza de las parcelas, aunque esta sí incidió en la altura de las plantas (F= 4,245.

Variación genética en plántulas de Eucalyptus spp.

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H. C. Martínez Hernández

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se evaluó el crecimiento y acumulación de biomasa en plántulas de 7 meses de edad pertenecientes a 42 familias de polinización libre de tres especies de Eucalyptus (E. globulus, E. resinifera, y E. rudis. El ensayo se estableció en condiciones de vivero con germoplasma colectado en plantaciones establecidas en la cuenca del Valle de México. Los resultados indicaron la existencia de variación significativa (P≤0.05 entre especies y entre familias dentro de especies para las variables altura, diámetro, número de hojas y número de ramas, aunque no en el área foliar. A nivel de especies se encontraron diferencias significativas en todas las variables relacionadas con la acumulación y distribución de biomasa, excepto en el peso seco de las hojas. También se encontró una variación significativa (P≤0.01 a nivel de familias dentro de especies en el peso seco del tallo, el peso seco de hojas y la biomasa aérea mientras que el peso seco de las ramas y la biomasa de raíz no presentaron una variación significativa entre las familias. El componente de variación de familias dentro de especies aportó del 2 al 12 % de la variación fenotípica total, mientras que las especies contribuyeron sólo del 0.5 a 7.5 de esta variación. El mayor porcentaje de variación se presentó dentro de parcelas, con valores de 80 a 90 % del total en todas las variables de crecimiento y acumulación de biomasa de las plántulas.

Oracle PLSQL Programming A Developer's Workbook

CERN Document Server

Feuerstein, Steven

2008-01-01

However excellent they are, most computer books are inherently passive--readers simply take in text without having any opportunity to react to it. The Oracle PL/SQL Developer's Workbook is a different kind of animal! It's designed to engage you actively, to get you solving programming problems immediately, and to help you apply what you've learned about PL/SQL--and in the process deepen your knowledge of the language. By tackling the exercises in this workbook, you'll find yourself moving more rapidly along the learning curve to join the growing ranks of PL/SQL experts. The Oracle PL/SQL

Language Training : English Training

CERN Multimedia

Françoise Benz

2004-01-01

General and Professional English Courses The next session will take place from 04 October 2004 to 11 February 2005 (3 weeks break at Christmas). These courses are open to all persons working on the CERN site, and to their spouses. For registration and further information on the courses, please consult our Web pages: http://cern.ch/Training or contact Mr. Liptow, tel. 72957. Oral Expression This course is intended for people with a good knowledge of English who want to practise and maintain their speaking skills while extending their vocabulary. There will be approximately 8 participants in a class. Speaking activities will include discussions, meeting simulations, role-plays etc. depending on the needs of the students. Duration: 20 hours (2 hours a week) Price: 440 CHF (for 8 students) For further information, please contact Mr. Liptow, tel. 72957. Date and timetable will be fixed when there are sufficient participants enrolled. FORMATION EN LANGUES LANGUAGE TRAINING Françoise Benz 73127 languag...

Metaphor Comprehension and Interpretation in Cleft Palate Children Aged 6–9

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Konopka Katarzyna

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The level of metaphor comprehension and interpretation was investigated in a sample of children with cleft palate (CP, aged 6;0-8;11, and healthy controls matched with age, sex, socioeconomic status, and IQ level. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R was used to evaluate the children’s cognitive functioning, and the metaphor tests from a modified version of the Right Hemisphere Language Battery - Polish version (RHLB-PL were used to assess comprehension of figurative language. The CP and control groups differed significantly in Verbal IQ values and in performance in the Vocabulary test, Comprehension test, Picture Metaphor Explanation test, and Written Metaphor Explanation test. In both metaphor explanation tests, children with CP gave fewer responses than controls. The results suggest no differences between children with CP and controls in understanding figurative language, although they point to weaker performance in communicating responses and producing statements in the CP children group.

Language and Literacy Development of Children with Williams Syndrome

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Mervis, Carolyn B.

2009-01-01

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletion of approximately 25 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. Children with the syndrome evidence large individual differences in both broad language and reading abilities. Nevertheless, as a group, children with this syndrome show a consistent pattern characterized by relative…

Modelling language

CERN Document Server

Cardey, Sylviane

2013-01-01

In response to the need for reliable results from natural language processing, this book presents an original way of decomposing a language(s) in a microscopic manner by means of intra/inter‑language norms and divergences, going progressively from languages as systems to the linguistic, mathematical and computational models, which being based on a constructive approach are inherently traceable. Languages are described with their elements aggregating or repelling each other to form viable interrelated micro‑systems. The abstract model, which contrary to the current state of the art works in int