Effect of the collector tube profile on Pitot pump performances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komaki, K; Sagara, K; Kanemoto, T; Umekage, T

2013-01-01

The pitot pump is composed of the rotating casing with the impeller channel and the pitot tube type collector as the discharge line. The radial impeller feeds water to the rotating casing. The water rotating together with the casing is caught by the stationary pitot tube type collector, and then discharges to the outside. This type pump, as the extra high head pump, is provided mainly for boiler feed systems, and has been designed by trial and error. To optimize the pump profiles, it is desirable to investigate not only performances but also internal flow conditions. This paper discusses experimentally and numerically the relation between the pump performances and the flow conditions in the rotating casing. The moderately larger dimensions of the collector make the pump head and the discharge high with the higher hydraulic efficiency. The flow in the casing is almost the forced vortex type whose velocity is in proportion to the radius but the core velocity is affected with the drag force of the stationary collector. Based upon the above results, the profile of the pitot tube type collector was optimized with the numerical simulation

Indicadores biológicos para el monitoreo de puertos en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Polanía Jaime

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Los programas Manejo Costero Integrado, ICM, en países en desarrollo deben usar monitoreos bióticos costoefectivos que empleen metodologías científicas rigurosas, fáciles de aprender y adaptables, con equipo relativamente barato. Mientras los impactos en puertos colombianos incluyen pérdidas de hábitat, cambios en distribución, abundancia y diversidad de especies y en estructura de comunidades, desaparición de especies sensibles y aparición de indeseables, reducción y desplazamiento de recursos pesqueros, etc., las normas vigentes plantean minimizar impactos de construcción y operación de terminales portuarios, así como de actividades de dragado, y preservar especies de zonas portuaria, a través de la conservación de sus hábitats naturales. Sin embargo, la información disponible es insuficiente y no parece haber una conciencia clara en los puertos, ni en los representantes del Sistema Nacional Ambiental, SINA, del potencial de la información biótica que podría indicar las condiciones ambientales en éstos y el impacto de sus actividades. Este trabajo propone emplear información de monitoreos costeros en curso e integrarlo en un programa de generación de indicadores de gestión ambiental, a partir de información biótica de utilidad y, finalmente, aplicar criterios de ICM en varios puertos de interés para el Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, MAVDT.

La puesta en valor del paisaje a través de la educación, propuesta para el desarrollo de la Isla de Vieques (Puerto Rico = The enhancement of landscape through education proposal for the development of the island of Vieques (Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Carmen Zorrilla Lassus

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La isla municipio de Vieques, Puerto Rico, es un territorio emblemático no solo para los puertorriqueños que lo habitan, sino para la población nacional e internacional que conoce sus largas luchas contra la Marina de los Estados Unidos, ara su salida del enclave, ocupado durante 60 años. Diez años más tarde de la retirada del cuerpo castrense, Vieques, también denominada Isla Nena, se enfrenta a grandes retos sociales, económicos y educativos para integrarse en la economía mundial y mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Este artículo describe eventos puntuales del desarrollo histórico y cultural de la isla, enmarcados dentro de un conjunto de símbolos sociales que parten del entramado cultural y natural. Finalmente, se describe y presenta la autogestión empresarial a través del turismo sustentable como una estrategia educativa para la puesta en valor del paisaje natural y cultural como condición fundamental para el éxito del proyecto piloto «Mis recursos y yo… somos Puerto Rico» de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, comprometido en el desarrollo local.The island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, is a landmark not only for the Puerto Ricans who inhabit it, but for the population nationally and internationally known for their long struggles against the United States Navy out of the enclave, occupied for sixty years. Ten years after the withdrawal of the military body, Vieques faces great social, economic and educational challenges. This article describes specific events of the historical and cultural development of the island, framed within a set of social symbols that are based on natural and cultural framework. Finally, this article describes and presents self-management business through sustainable tourism as an educational strategy for the implementation of the value of the natural and cultural landscape as a fundamental condition for the success of the pilot project ‘My resources and I are Puerto Rico�

Impact of Pitot tube calibration on the uncertainty of water flow rate measurement

Science.gov (United States)

de Oliveira Buscarini, Icaro; Costa Barsaglini, Andre; Saiz Jabardo, Paulo Jose; Massami Taira, Nilson; Nader, Gilder

2015-10-01

Water utility companies often use Cole type Pitot tubes to map velocity profiles and thus measure flow rate. Frequent monitoring and measurement of flow rate is an important step in identifying leaks and other types of losses. In Brazil losses as high as 42% are common and in some places even higher values are found. When using Cole type Pitot tubes to measure the flow rate, the uncertainty of the calibration coefficient (Cd) is a major component of the overall flow rate measurement uncertainty. A common practice is to employ the usual value Cd = 0.869, in use since Cole proposed his Pitot tube in 1896. Analysis of 414 calibrations of Cole type Pitot tubes show that Cd varies considerably and values as high 0.020 for the expanded uncertainty are common. Combined with other uncertainty sources, the overall velocity measurement uncertainty is 0.02, increasing flowrate measurement uncertainty by 1.5% which, for the Sao Paulo metropolitan area (Brazil) corresponds to 3.5 × 107 m3/year.

El valor de las marcas en el siglo XXI: la marca país y su importancia para el desarollo de Puerto Rico

OpenAIRE

Hernández Cruz, Damaris

2016-01-01

La investigación aborda los temas del valor de las marcas, la importancia de la publicidad para el éxito de las marcas y cómo la ‘Marca País’ puede ayudar al desarrollo de un país, en este caso Puerto Rico. Los objetivos de la investigación son analizar si las marcas pueden ser éticas, cuán importante es la publicidad para que las marcas alcancen el éxito y cómo la ‘Marca País’ puede ayudar al desarrollo de Puerto Rico. Las marcas son mucho más que un nombre o símbolo. Las marcas envuelven va...

Calibration of a pitot-static rake

Science.gov (United States)

Stump, H. P.

1977-01-01

A five-element pitot-static rake was tested to confirm its accuracy and determine its suitability for use at Langley during low-speed tunnel calibration primarily at full-scale tunnel. The rake was tested at one airspeed of 74 miles per hour (33 meters per second) and at pitch and yaw angles of 0 to + or - 20 degrees in 4 deg increments.

Response of small pitot tubes in gas-liquid flows

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, M.R.

1980-01-01

The pressure rise experienced by a pitot tube immersed in a bubbly gas-liquid mixture flow exceeds that predicted by homogeneous flow analysis under conditions where the pitot is smaller than the mean bubble size. A systematic dependence of the deviation from homogeneous flow analysis exists, depending upon the mixture void fraction. A maximum effect is observed at a void fraction of 0.60, where the pressure rise was found to be 1.73 times the predicted stagnation pressure rise or 0.87 of the mixture momentum flux density. The magnitude of these effects is comparable with similar effects reported elsewhere for gas/solid mixture flow due to relative motion between phases in the vicinity of the sensing probe tip. (orig.)

Calculation of the Pitot tube correction factor for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.

Science.gov (United States)

Etemad, S Gh; Thibault, J; Hashemabadi, S H

2003-10-01

This paper presents the numerical investigation performed to calculate the correction factor for Pitot tubes. The purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids with the power-law model constitutive equation were considered. It was shown that the power-law index, the Reynolds number, and the distance between the impact and static tubes have a major influence on the Pitot tube correction factor. The problem was solved for a wide range of these parameters. It was shown that employing Bernoulli's equation could lead to large errors, which depend on the magnitude of the kinetic energy and energy friction loss terms. A neural network model was used to correlate the correction factor of a Pitot tube as a function of these three parameters. This correlation is valid for most Newtonian, pseudoplastic, and dilatant fluids at low Reynolds number.

Experimental and clinical trial of measuring urinary velocity with the pitot tube and a transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic system.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsujimoto, Yukio; Nose, Yorihito; Ohba, Kenkichi

2003-01-01

The pitot tube is a common device to measure flow velocity. If the pitot tube is used as an urodynamic catheter, urinary velocity and urethral pressure may be measured simultaneously. However, to our knowledge, urodynamic studies with the pitot tube have not been reported. We experimentally and clinically evaluated the feasibility of the pitot tube to measure urinary velocity with a transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic system. We carried out a basal experiment measuring flow velocity in model urethras of 4.5-8.0 mm in inner diameter with a 12-Fr pitot tube. In a clinical trial, 79 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound guided video urodynamic studies with the 12-Fr pitot tube. Urinary velocity was calculated from dynamic pressure (Pd) with the pitot tube formula and the correcting equation according to the results of the basal experiment. Velocity measured by the pitot tube was proportional to the average velocity in model urethras and the coefficients were determined by diameters of model urethras. We obtained a formula to calculate urinary velocity from the basal experiment. The urinary velocity could be obtained in 32 of 79 patients. Qmax was 8.1 +/- 4.3 mL/s (mean +/- SD; range, 18.4-1.3 mL/s), urethral diameter was 7.3 +/- 3.0 mm (mean +/- SD; range, 18.7-4.3 mm) and urinary velocity was 69.4 +/- 43.6 (mean +/- SD; range, 181.3-0 cm/s) at maximum flow rate. The correlation coefficient of Qmax measured by a flowmeter versus Qdv flow rate calculated with urethral diameter and velocity was 0.41 without significant difference. The use of the pitot tube as an urodynamic catheter to a transrectal ultrasound-guided video urodynamic system can measure urethral pressure, diameter and urinary velocity simultaneously. However, a thinner pitot tube and further clinical trials are needed to obtain more accurate results.

Metodología con SIG en dos estudios de competitividad: el Puerto de Granadilla de Abona (Sta. Cruz de Tenerife) y el Nuevo Puerto Tánger Med (Marruecos)

OpenAIRE

Moreno Navarro, Jesús Gabriel; Ventura Fernández, Jesús

2007-01-01

El hinterland y el foreland de un puerto de mercancías con las pretensiones de los proyectados puertos de Granadilla de Abona y Tanger-Med suponen un entramado de rutas de diferentes modos de transporte de extensión mundial. En este trabajo se expone la metodología seguida para evaluar su localización en los ejes estratégicos y su capacidad competitiva frente a otros puertos del entorno, con la base de su situación preferente. Considerando velocidades estándar para el movimiento de los buques...

Puerto Rico, humedales [Puerto Rico, wetlands

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, D. Briane; Hefner, John M.; Dopazo, Teresa

1999-01-01

La isla de Puerto Rico, localizada al noreste del Mar Caribe y sus islas principales, Vieques, Culebra e Isla de Mona, poseen humedales en abundancia . El clima subtropical, la lluvia abundante y las complejas formas topográficas y geológicas de estas islas dan origen a los humedales, que varían desde los raros e inusuales bosques cubiertos por nubes en las tierras altas, hasta los extensos manglares, yerbas marinas y arrecifes de coral a lo largo de las costas Norte y Sur. Sin embargo, los humedales en Puerto Rico han disminuido en los últimos siglos como resultado del aumento en el desarrollo agrícola, poblacional y turístico. Algunos tipos de humedales como los bosques de palo de pollo (Pterocarpus officinalis) se han reducido a sólo unos pocos remanentes (figura 1).Biológicamente hablando, los humedales de las islas están entre las áreas más productivas. Los humedales asociados con el bosque pluvial en las tierras altas del interior de Puerto Rico contienen varias plantas raras y especies de animales que no se encuentran en otras partes de la Isla. El agua de escorrentía proveniente de los humedales en las partes altas de la Isla proveen una fuente de agua que utilizan varias ciudades para abasto público. Los humedales costeros como los mangles, los colchones de yerbas marinas y los arrecifes de coral proveen áreas para la reproducción y crianza de varios peces, crustáceos y otras especies en la cadena alimenticia (López y otros, 1988). De esta manera, los humedales costeros contribuyen a la productividad biológica de las aguas llanas del mar alrededor de las islas . Los humedales también estabilizan las costas atrapando y reteniendo sedimentos no consolidados y amortiguan la acción de las olas y de las tormentas que tienen el potencial de causar daños en la zona.El valor de los humedales de Puerto Rico para la vida silvestre está muy bien documentado . Por ejemplo, las salinas de Cabo Rojo, en la costa suroeste, proveen áreas para el

Applications of Pitot-meter techniques in two-phase, steam/water, flow

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kastner, W.; Manzano-Ruiz, J.J.

1985-01-01

A simple technique, based on the interpretation of dynamic-pressure readings obtained with local and averaging Pitot-meters (APM) in tow-phase flow, is described and analyzed. The mean dynamic-pressure measurements obtained with an APM allow the calculation of the mass flux of the mixture if the steam quality is known and a combination of two slip-factor correlations is used. The local dynamic-pressure measurements with a multiple Pitot-probe technique provide information on the transition between the most commonly found flow patterns in horizontal piping, i.e. stratified, annular and annular-mist flow

On the Flow Measurements and Velocity Vector Analysis Using Five-Hole Pitot Tubes

OpenAIRE

NISHIMURA, Hideaki; 西村, 英明

1981-01-01

Five-hole pitot tubes are widely used to determine directions and magnitudes of velocities in three-dimensional flow fields, because of their simplicity in handling and their reliability. This paper describes a method of reducing data obtained from five-hole pitot tube measurments with the aid of a few sets of calibration data. By using mini-computers, pitch and yaw angles and Mach numbers of flows can be computed simultaneously by this method with reasonable accuracy in the range of the pito...

Numerical and experimental research on pentagonal cross-section of the averaging Pitot tube

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jili; Li, Wei; Liang, Ruobing; Zhao, Tianyi; Liu, Yacheng; Liu, Mingsheng

2017-07-01

Averaging Pitot tubes have been widely used in many fields because of their simple structure and stable performance. This paper introduces a new shape of the cross-section of an averaging Pitot tube. Firstly, the structure of the averaging Pitot tube and the distribution of pressure taps are given. Then, a mathematical model of the airflow around it is formulated. After that, a series of numerical simulations are carried out to optimize the geometry of the tube. The distribution of the streamline and pressures around the tube are given. To test its performance, a test platform was constructed in accordance with the relevant national standards and is described in this paper. Curves are provided, linking the values of flow coefficient with the values of Reynolds number. With a maximum deviation of only  ±3%, the results of the flow coefficient obtained from the numerical simulations were in agreement with those obtained from experimental methods. The proposed tube has a stable flow coefficient and favorable metrological characteristics.

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2014-08-01

Preparándonos para vencer: Programa para identificar las necesidades de información y apoyo para las mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama...of recruitment. Controls were identified from participants in the Estudio Continuo de Salud (ECS), a National Health Survey in Puerto Rico, which was...menopausal at interview, as expected by the age criteria for inclusion . Eighty eight percent (88%) of the participants had their first pregnancy before age

Uso de terreno urbano y rural en Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Sebastian Martinuzzi; William A. Gould; Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez; Maya Quinones; Michael E. Jimenez

2008-01-01

El Proyecto de Analisis de Gap de Puerto Rico (PRGAP) (Gould et al. 2008) desarrollo tres usos de terrenos para Puerto Rico: Urbano, Suburbano, y Rural (Martinuzzi et al. 2007). Estas regiones tambien pueden ser consideradas como urbano, densamente-poblado rural, y escasamente-poblado rural, o como urbano y area silvestre con una interfase de area silvestre-urbana. La...

Inferring Pre-shock Acoustic Field From Post-shock Pitot Pressure Measurement

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jian-Xun; Zhang, Chao; Duan, Lian; Xiao, Heng; Virginia Tech Team; Missouri Univ of Sci; Tech Team

2017-11-01

Linear interaction analysis (LIA) and iterative ensemble Kalman method are used to convert post-shock Pitot pressure fluctuations to static pressure fluctuations in front of the shock. The LIA is used as the forward model for the transfer function associated with a homogeneous field of acoustic waves passing through a nominally normal shock wave. The iterative ensemble Kalman method is then employed to infer the spectrum of upstream acoustic waves based on the post-shock Pitot pressure measured at a single point. Several test cases with synthetic and real measurement data are used to demonstrate the merits of the proposed inference scheme. The study provides the basis for measuring tunnel freestream noise with intrusive probes in noisy supersonic wind tunnels.

Numerical and experimental research on pentagonal cross-section of the averaging Pitot tube

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Jili; Li, Wei; Liang, Ruobing; Zhao, Tianyi; Liu, Yacheng; Liu, Mingsheng

2017-01-01

Averaging Pitot tubes have been widely used in many fields because of their simple structure and stable performance. This paper introduces a new shape of the cross-section of an averaging Pitot tube. Firstly, the structure of the averaging Pitot tube and the distribution of pressure taps are given. Then, a mathematical model of the airflow around it is formulated. After that, a series of numerical simulations are carried out to optimize the geometry of the tube. The distribution of the streamline and pressures around the tube are given. To test its performance, a test platform was constructed in accordance with the relevant national standards and is described in this paper. Curves are provided, linking the values of flow coefficient with the values of Reynolds number. With a maximum deviation of only  ±3%, the results of the flow coefficient obtained from the numerical simulations were in agreement with those obtained from experimental methods. The proposed tube has a stable flow coefficient and favorable metrological characteristics. (paper)

Analisis espacial de las areas protegidas terrestres de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

M. Quinones; W.A. Gould; J. Castro-Prieto; S. Martinuzzi

2013-01-01

En este mapa de investigacion describimos las areas protegidas terrestres de Puerto Rico basado en elementos naturales y antropogenicos del paisaje. Utilizamos datos geoespaciales para calcular la extension y representatividad de elementos del paisaje dentro de las areas protegidas de Puerto Rico, i.e., cobertura del terreno (Gould et al. 2007), asentamientos urbanos...

Factors Influencing Pitot Probe Centerline Displacement in a Turbulent Supersonic Boundary Layer

Science.gov (United States)

Grosser, Wendy I.

1997-01-01

When a total pressure probe is used for measuring flows with transverse total pressure gradients, a displacement of the effective center of the probe is observed (designated Delta). While this phenomenon is well documented in incompressible flow and supersonic laminar flow, there is insufficient information concerning supersonic turbulent flow. In this study, three NASA Lewis Research Center Supersonic Wind Tunnels (SWT's) were used to investigate pitot probe centerline displacement in supersonic turbulent boundary layers. The relationship between test conditions and pitot probe centerline displacement error was to be determined. For this investigation, ten circular probes with diameter-to-boundary layer ratios (D/delta) ranging from 0.015 to 0.256 were tested in the 10 ft x 10 ft SWT, the 15 cm x 15 cm SWT, and the 1 ft x 1 ft SWT. Reynolds numbers of 4.27 x 10(exp 6)/m, 6.00 x 10(exp 6)/in, 10.33 x 10(exp 6)/in, and 16.9 x 10(exp 6)/m were tested at nominal Mach numbers of 2.0 and 2.5. Boundary layer thicknesses for the three tunnels were approximately 200 mm, 13 mm, and 30 mm, respectively. Initial results indicate that boundary layer thickness, delta, and probe diameter, D/delta play a minimal role in pitot probe centerline offset error, Delta/D. It appears that the Mach gradient, dM/dy, is an important factor, though the exact relationship has not yet been determined. More data is needed to fill the map before a conclusion can be drawn with any certainty. This research provides valuable supersonic, turbulent boundary layer data from three supersonic wind tunnels with three very different boundary layers. It will prove a valuable stepping stone for future research into the factors influencing pitot probe centerline offset error.

La ciencia del tabaco en Puerto Rico, 1900-1940

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Levy, Teresita

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Tobacco became an important export product in Puerto Rico after the American occupation of 1898, in large part, because of investments in the scientific study of tobacco: its efficient cultivation, its economic structure and its marketing. Scientific experimentation and the practical application of research findings in tobacco farms provided an arena for significant collaborative relationships between tobacco growers, scientists in Puerto Rico and the U.S., and the insular and federal governments. The involvement of Puerto Ricans in the science of tobacco, including their support of scientific inquiry, their continued demands for funding and beneficial agricultural legislation, and their adoption of modern agricultural technology, demonstrate that rather than being observers of rapid economic changes, they were activists, using the democratic guarantees available under the U.S. colonial structure to improve their economic situation.El tabaco se convirtió en un importante producto de exportación para Puerto Rico después de la ocupación norteamericana de 1898, debido a las inversiones en su estudio científico: el cultivo eficiente, la estructura económica y el mercadeo. La experimentación científica y la aplicación práctica de los descubrimientos en las fincas tabacaleras ofrecieron un campo de saber para establecer relaciones cooperativas significativas entre los cultivadores, los científicos en Puerto Rico y EEUU, y el gobierno insular y federal. El compromiso de los puertorriqueños en la ciencia del tabaco, incluyendo su apoyo por la investigación, las demandas continuas para fondos y una legislación agrícola beneficiosa, así como la adopción de la tecnología agrícola moderna, demuestra que éstos no eran pasivos frente a los rápidos cambios económicos de entonces. Por el contrario, ellos eran activistas políticos, usando las garantías democráticas disponibles dentro de la estructura colonial de los EEUU para mejorar su

Diagnosis of UAV Pitot Tube Defects Using Statistical Change Detection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Søren; Blanke, Mogens; Adrian, Jens

2010-01-01

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles need a large degree of tolerance to faults. One of the most important steps towards this is the ability to detect and isolate faults in sensors and actuators in real time and make remedial actions to avoid that faults develop to failure. This paper analyses the possibilit......Unmanned Aerial Vehicles need a large degree of tolerance to faults. One of the most important steps towards this is the ability to detect and isolate faults in sensors and actuators in real time and make remedial actions to avoid that faults develop to failure. This paper analyses...... the possibilities of detecting faults in the pitot tube of a small unmanned aerial vehicle, a fault that easily causes a crash if not diagnosed and handled in time. Using as redundant information the velocity measured from an onboard GPS receiver, the air-speed estimated from engine throttle and the pitot tube...

Puerto Chiapas: una oportunidad para el desarrollo del Soconusco a partir de la aplicación de instrumentos de planeación

OpenAIRE

Jaime Torres Fragoso

2016-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la transformación experimentada recientemente en Puerto Chiapas. Entre los factores clave para la modernización de una agencia estatal, que esta investigación identifica, figura el reconocimiento de las variables económicas, políticas y sociales más relevantes y que, a la postre, conforman el medioambiente en el que se desenvuelve. Además de la definición de estrategias y acciones convenientes para ese contexto en particular, así como la coordinación de ...

Inflight and Preflight Detection of Pitot Tube Anomalies

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, Darrell W.

2014-01-01

The health and integrity of aircraft sensors play a critical role in aviation safety. Inaccurate or false readings from these sensors can lead to improper decision making, resulting in serious and sometimes fatal consequences. This project demonstrated the feasibility of using advanced data analysis techniques to identify anomalies in Pitot tubes resulting from blockage such as icing, moisture, or foreign objects. The core technology used in this project is referred to as noise analysis because it relates sensors' response time to the dynamic component (noise) found in the signal of these same sensors. This analysis technique has used existing electrical signals of Pitot tube sensors that result from measured processes during inflight conditions and/or induced signals in preflight conditions to detect anomalies in the sensor readings. Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation (AMS Corp.) has routinely used this technology to determine the health of pressure transmitters in nuclear power plants. The application of this technology for the detection of aircraft anomalies is innovative. Instead of determining the health of process monitoring at a steady-state condition, this technology will be used to quickly inform the pilot when an air-speed indication becomes faulty under any flight condition as well as during preflight preparation.

MIGRAÇÃO JAPONESA PARA A AMAZÔNIA PERUANA E A FORMAÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE JAPONESA DE PUERTO MALDONADO, MADRE DE DIOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Rodrigues da Silva Neto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O objetivo central deste estudo foi analisar a migração de japoneses para a Amazônia peruana e sua consolidação em Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios. Três foram as principais causas desse processo: 1 Uma política contínua em prol da imigração japonesa para o Peru durante as primeiras décadas do século XX voltada para prover mão-de-obra nas fazendas de cana-de-açúcar e algodão da costa; 2 Envolvimento dos imigrantes japoneses em atividades econômicas demandadas durante a expansão da exploração da borracha na Amazônia peruana; e 3 Fortalecimento dessas atividades após a queda da economia da borracha para garantir o fornecimento de produtos necessários à população remanescente, inclusive, substituindo produtos não mais importados ou fornecidos por grandes empresas. A Amazônia peruana tornou-se cada vez mais atrativa para os imigrantes japoneses inconformados com as más condições de trabalho nas fazendas da costa, engrossando assim a migração para essa região. A própria existência de uma comunidade mais ou menos organizada que serviu de suporte na Amazônia peruana permitiu fortalecer a vinda de mais migrantes. Em Puerto Maldonado, os japoneses se dedicaram à produção de hortifrutigranjeiros e outros produtos agrícolas para suprir o mercado local, estabeleceram pequenos comércios, e forneciam alguns serviços especializados

Miniaturized compact water-cooled pitot-pressure probe for flow-field surveys in hypersonic wind tunnels

Science.gov (United States)

Ashby, George C.

1988-01-01

An experimental investigation of the design of pitot probes for flowfield surveys in hypersonic wind tunnels is reported. The results show that a pitot-pressure probe can be miniaturized for minimum interference effects by locating the transducer in the probe support body and water-cooling it so that the pressure-settling time and transducer temperature are compatible with hypersonic tunnel operation and flow conditions. Flowfield surveys around a two-to-one elliptical cone model in a 20-inch Mach 6 wind tunnel using such a probe show that probe interference effects are essentially eliminated.

Comparison of Scores on the WAIS and Its Puerto Rican Counterpart, Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos, in an Institutionalized Latin American Psychiatric Population.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Todd McLin; Rodriguez, Vene L.

1979-01-01

Compared vocabulary and block design subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and its Puerto Rican counterpart, the Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Adultos (EIWA), in hospitalized Latins and Trans-Caribbean Blacks. EIWA scores were significantly higher than WAIS scores. Equivalence of EIWA and WAIS estimates is questioned.…

Plan de negocio de un restaurante localizado en el Puerto de Denia

OpenAIRE

GASCON ESCRIVA, EVA

2012-01-01

Con el presente proyecto se pretende estudiar la posibilidad de introducir un nuevo concepto de restauración en el Puerto de Denia. La metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo el Plan de Negocio está enfocada a la apertura de un nuevo restaurante en el Puerto de Denia. Estructurada en legislación, análisis estratégico y plan de negocio, plan económico y plan de marketing Gascon Escriva, E. (2012). Plan de negocio de un restaurante localizado en el Puerto de Denia. http://hdl.handle.n...

Comparison of pitot traverses taken at varying distances downstream of obstructions.

Science.gov (United States)

Guffey, S E; Booth, D W

1999-01-01

This study determined the deviations between pitot traverses taken under "ideal" conditions--at least seven duct diameter's lengths (i.e., distance = 7D) from obstructions, elbows, junction fittings, and other disturbances to flows--with those taken downstream from commonplace disturbances. Two perpendicular 10-point, log-linear velocity pressure traverses were taken at various distances downstream of tested upstream conditions. Upstream conditions included a plain duct opening, a junction fitting, a single 90 degrees elbow, and two elbows rotated 90 degrees from each other into two orthogonal planes. Airflows determined from those values were compared with the values measured more than 40D downstream of the same obstructions under ideal conditions. The ideal measurements were taken on three traverse diameters in the same plane separated by 120 degrees in honed drawn-over-mandrel tubing. In all cases the pitot tubes were held in place by devices that effectively eliminated alignment errors and insertion depth errors. Duct velocities ranged from 1500 to 4500 ft/min. Results were surprisingly good if one employed two perpendicular traverses. When the averages of two perpendicular traverses was taken, deviations from ideal value were 6% or less even for traverses taken as close as 2D distance from the upstream disturbances. At 3D distance, deviations seldom exceeded 5%. With single diameter traverses, errors seldom exceeded 5% at 6D or more downstream from the disturbance. Interestingly, percentage deviations were about the same at high and low velocities. This study demonstrated that two perpendicular pitot traverses can be taken as close as 3D from these disturbances with acceptable (< or = 5%) deviations from measurements taken under ideal conditions.

An Initial Review of the Characteristics and Determinants of Female Entrepreneurs in Puerto Rico Características y determinantes de mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico: una mirada inicial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marisela Santiago Castro

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This paper outlines the characteristics and determinants of Puerto Rican female entrepreneurs in 2007.  This study utilizes data from the Adult Population Survey (APS for 2007 from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM Project.  We find that female entrepreneurs in Puerto Rico are most likely sole owners of their business establishment, face many local competitors, and do not generally export their goods or services outside of the Island. The primary motivation for business start-up was business opportunism along with a personal goal of greater independence at the workplace.  Education serves as a fundamental determinant of female entrepreneurship. Este artículo describe las características y determinantes de mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico para el 2007. El estudio utiliza los datos de la Encuesta de la Población Adulta del Proyecto de Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, por sus siglas en inglés. Se encontró que las mujeres empresarias en Puerto Rico tienden a ser dueñas únicas de sus negocios, tienen muchos competidores locales, y usualmente no exportan sus bienes o servicios fuera de la Isla. La motivación primaria para empezar el negocio fue tener una oportunidad de negocio junto a una meta personal de mayor independencia en el lugar de trabajo. La educación es un determinante fundamental de ser empresaria en Puerto Rico.

Puertos, espacio y globalización: el desarrollo de hubs en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Daniel Martner Peyrelongue

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los puertos hubs se presentan como el nuevo paradigma de desarrollo del transporte y el comercio marítimo internacional en la globalización. Prácticamente todos los países latinoamericanos anuncian megaproyectos para el desarrollo de puertos hubs en sus litorales, generando grandes expectativas de desarrollo regional, con un débil sustento tanto teórico como empírico. En este sentido, el presente trabajo busca contribuir a la caracterización del modelo de puertos hubs en países periféricos dentro de la economíamundo capitalista, aludiendo, en especial, al caso mexicano. Se trata de aportar elementos de análisis para reconocer, a grandes rasgos, las posibilidades del desarrollo de hubs en los litorales mexicanos, desde la perspectiva de los estudios regionales y la geografía del transporte.

Test description and preliminary pitot-pressure surveys for Langley Test Technique Demonstrator at Mach 6

Science.gov (United States)

Everhart, Joel L.; Ashby, George C., Jr.; Monta, William J.

1992-01-01

A propulsion/airframe integration experiment conducted in the NASA Langley 20-Inch Mach 6 Tunnel using a 16.8-in.-long version of the Langley Test Technique Demonstrator configuration with simulated scramjet propulsion is described. Schlieren and vapor screen visualization of the nozzle flow field is presented and correlated with pitot-pressure flow-field surveys. The data were obtained at nominal free-stream conditions of Re = 2.8 x 10 exp 6 and a nominal engine total pressure of 100 psia. It is concluded that pitot-pressure surveys coupled to schlieren and vapor-screen photographs, and oil flows have revealed flow features including vortices, free shear layers, and shock waves occurring in the model flow field.

Areas naturales protegidas de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

William A. Gould; Maya Quinones; Mariano Solórzano; Waldemar Alcobas; Caryl Alarcon

2011-01-01

En este mapa mostramos las areas naturales protegidas designadas para la conservacion de los recursos naturales en Puerto Rico y regiones reguladas por ley con el potencial de mejorar la conservacion de los mismos. La designacion de areas protegidas es un proceso dinamico debido a que es el resultado de la constante evolucion de valores en los diferentes sectores de la...

Laser transit anemometer and Pitot probe comparative measurements in a sharp cone boundary layer at Mach 4

Science.gov (United States)

Hunter, W. W., Jr.; Ocheltree, S. L.; Russ, C. E., Jr.

1991-01-01

Laser transit anemometer (LTA) measurements of a 7 degree sharp cone boundary layer were conducted in the Air Force/AEDC Supersonic Tunnel A Mach 4 flow field. These measurements are compared with Pitot probe measurements and tricone theory provided by AEDC staff. Measurements were made both in laminar and turbulent boundary layers of the model. Comparison of LTA measurements with theory showed agreement to better than 1 percent for the laminar boundary layer cases. This level of agreement was obtained after small position corrections, 0.01 to 0.6 mm, were applied to the experimental data sets. Pitot probe data when compared with theory also showed small positioning errors. The Pitot data value was also limited due to probe interference with the flow near the model. The LTA turbulent boundary layer data indicated a power law dependence of 6.3 to 6.9. The LTA data was analyzed in the time (Tau) domain in which it was obtained and in the velocity domain. No significant differences were noted between Tau and velocity domain results except in one turbulent boundary layer case.

Effects of Mach number on pitot-probe displacement in a turbulent boundary layer

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, J. M.

1974-01-01

Experimental pitot-probe-displacement data have been obtained in a turbulent boundary layer at a local free-stream Mach number of 4.63 and unit Reynolds number of 6.46 million meter. The results of this study were compared with lower Mach number results of previous studies. It was found that small probes showed displacement only, whereas the larger probes showed not only displacement but also distortion of the shape of the boundary-layer profile. The distortion pattern occurred lower in the boundary layer at the higher Mach number than at the the lower Mach number. The maximum distortion occurred when the center of the probe was about one probe diameter off the test surface. For probes in the wall contact position, the indicated Mach numbers were, for all probes tested, close to the true profile. Pitot-probe displacement was found to increase significantly with increasing Mach number.

Determinación de indicadores para la calidad de agua, sedimentos y suelos, marinos y costeros en puertos colombianos

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Quintero Rendón Luz A.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Los puertos, debido al uso de los espacios costeros y como consecuencia de las actividades inherentes a su función, están alterando las condiciones naturales de la calidad de aguas, sedimentos y suelos. Las zonas portuarias generalmente compartidas con otro tipo de actividades como la pesca, la recreación, entre otras, son receptoras de descargas de los sistemas de tratamiento de agua residual de efluentes industriales, efluentes domésticos, o aguas de escorrentía, bien sea por emisiones puntuales o difusas. Esta es una propuesta de rediseño de las variables que han venido monitoreándose por mucho tiempo en los puertos colombianos, y está encaminada al establecimiento de una nueva y amplia oferta de variables que contienen información muy relevante para definir las características físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de los cuerpos de agua, sedimentos marinos y suelos a monitorear en zonas portuarias, con el fin de mejorar la gestión y disminuir los riesgos asociados a la calidad ambiental, generados por la actividad.

A comparison of disturbance levels measured in hypersonic tunnels using a hot-wire anemometer and a pitot pressure probe.

Science.gov (United States)

Stainback, P. C.; Wagner, R. D.

1972-01-01

Disturbance levels were measured in the test section of a Mach 5 blowdown jet using a constant-current, hot-wire anemometer and a pressure transducer. The disturbance levels, measured by the two instruments and normalized by local mean values, agreed within about 30%, with the pitot data higher than the hot-wire data. The rms disturbance levels measured with the hot-wire anemometer and converted to pitot pressures using a quasi-steady flow analysis, were about two-thirds the levels measured with the pitot probe. The variation of the normalized rms disturbance levels with stagnation pressure indicated that transition occurred in the boundary layer on the nozzle wall and influenced the outputs of the instruments located at the exit of the nozzle when the total pressure was about 35 N/sq cm. Below this pressure the disturbance levels decreased markedly. At higher pressures the disturbances were predominantly aerodynamic noise generated by the turbulent boundary layer on the nozzle wall.

Bibliometric assessment of cancer research in Puerto Rico, 1903-2005 Evaluación bibliométrica de la investigación sobre cáncer en Puerto Rico, 1903-2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana P. Ortiz

2009-04-01

biomédicas de Puerto Rico y su relación con la mortalidad por cáncer en la Isla. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y revistas impresas para localizar los artículos relacionados con cáncer publicados entre 1903 y 2005 en Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal y el Boletín de la Asociación Médica de Puerto Rico. Entre los indicadores bibliométricos estudiados están el número de autores y referencias por artículo, la afiliación institucional y el país del primer autor, el tipo de documento y el idioma; se recogió también el tipo de estudio y de cáncer. Se evaluaron la mortalidad proporcional por cáncer (M% en Puerto Rico y la proporción de artículos publicados relacionados con el cáncer (P%. Para evaluar las tendencias se estimó el cambio porcentual anual (APC. RESULTADOS: Se localizaron 369 artículos. Predominaron los artículos originales (69,6%, de universidades (39,6% y en inglés (72,1%. Los estudios epidemiológicos fueron los más frecuentes (62,1% y los tipos de cáncer más estudiados fueron los del sistema digestivo (15,4% y los ginecológicos (9,6%. Aunque el valor de P% ha aumentado desde 1913 (APC = 1,2%, el valor de M% aumentó más rápidamente (APC = 2,7%. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque se observó un incremento en el número de publicaciones sobre cáncer en estas revistas, este no se correspondió con el aumento en la mortalidad proporcional por esta causa. Es imprescindible comprender mejor lo relacionado con la publicación científica sobre cáncer en Puerto Rico para establecer prioridades, definir áreas futuras de investigación y desarrollar estrategias para el control del cáncer.

Cartagena : puerto comercial (1533-1800

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Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu

1979-02-01

Full Text Available Dos flotas zarpaban cada año de Sevilla (y en el siglo XVIII de  Cádiz. Se la primera, con destino a Veracruz, en el Virreinato de Nueva España, se separaban algunos pocos barcos para el comercio de las Antillas Mayores y se desgranaban otros dos hacia los puertos de Caballos, Trujillo y Bodegas del Golfo Dulce con el propósito de surtir a Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador.

Segregación y especialización de los usos del Puerto de Palma

OpenAIRE

Fuster Rodríguez, Carmen

2015-01-01

El puerto de Palma, como principal puerto de interés general no sólo de la isla de Mallorca, sino de todo el archipiélago Balear, desempeña una función esencial para su actividad económica, prestando servicios tanto al transporte de mercancías como al tráfico de pasajeros. Proporcionando así una de las principales vías de acceso a la isla de Mallorca, y actuando como base para luego dirigirse al resto de las islas. Debido al análisis de tendencias del crecimiento del tráfico y el incremento d...

La EPA aplica un criterio flexible en cuanto a las normas que rigen las plantas eléctricas móviles importadas para usarse en Puerto Rico y las Islas Vírgenes Estadounidenses

Science.gov (United States)

Comunicado de prensa de la EPA: La EPA aplica un criterio flexible en cuanto a las normas que rigen las plantas eléctricas móviles importadas para usarse en Puerto Rico y las Islas Vírgenes Estadounidenses

Building Bridges to Address Health Disparities in Puerto Rico: the "Salud para Piñones" Project.

Science.gov (United States)

García-Rivera, Enid J; Pacheco, Princess; Colón, Marielis; Mays, Mary Helen; Rivera, Maricruz; Munet-Díaz, Verónica; González, María Del R; Rodríguez, María; Rodríguez, Rebecca; Morales, Astrid

2017-06-01

Over the past several decades, Puerto Ricans have faced increased health threats from chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and hypertension. The patient-provider relationship is the main platform for individual disease management, whereas the community, as an agent of change for the community's health status, has been limited in its support of individual health. Likewise, traditional research approaches within communities have placed academic researchers at the center of the process, considering their knowledge was of greater value than that of the community. In this paradigm, the academic researcher frequently owns and controls the research process. The primary aim is contributing to the scientific knowledge, but not necessarily to improve the community's health status or empower communities for social change. In contrast, the community-based participatory research (CBPR) model brings community members and leaders together with researchers in a process that supports mutual learning and empowers the community to take a leadership role in its own health and well-being. This article describes the development of the community-campus partnership between the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and Piñones, a semi-rural community, and the resulting CBPR project: "Salud para Piñones". This project represents a collaborative effort to understand and address the community's health needs and health disparities based on the community's participation as keystone of the process. This participatory approach represents a valuable ally in the development of long-term community-academy partnerships, thus providing opportunities to establish relevant and effective ways to translate evidence-based interventions into concrete actions that impact the individual and community's wellbeing.

Cancer disparities between mainland and island Puerto Ricans Disparidades en la incidencia de cáncer en puertorriqueños residentes en los Estados Unidos y Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Y. F. Ho

2009-05-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Examination of cancer rates in a single Hispanic subgroup-Puerto Ricans-and comparison of incidence rates among mainland Puerto Ricans living in the United States, island Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico, and U.S. non-Hispanic whites to reveal ethnic-specific cancer patterns and disparities in Puerto Ricans. METHODS: Incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Puerto Rico and three U.S. northeastern states (New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut with a high density of mainland Puerto Ricans. Age-adjusted rates were compared by standardized rate ratios (SRRs. RESULTS: Total cancer incidence was the lowest in island Puerto Ricans, intermediate for mainland Puerto Ricans, and highest in U.S. non-Hispanic whites. Compared to mainland Puerto Ricans, islanders had significantly lower rates (p OBJETIVOS: Se analizaron las tasas de cáncer en un subgrupo de hispanos residentes en los Estados Unidos de América -los puertorriqueños (PRREUA y se compararon sus tasas de incidencia con las de los puertorriqueños que residen en Puerto Rico (PRRPR y la población estadounidense blanca sin ascendencia hispana (EUBNH a fin de encontrar patrones de cáncer y disparidades de orden étnico específicos para los puertorriqueños. MÉTODOS: Se obtuvieron los datos de incidencia de los registros de cáncer de Puerto Rico y tres estados del nordeste de los Estados Unidos (New York, New Jersey y Connecticut que tienen una elevada densidad de PRREUA. Se compararon las tasas ajustadas por la edad mediante las razones de las tasas estandarizadas (SRR. RESULTADOS: La incidencia total de cáncer fue menor en los PRRPR, intermedia en los PRREUA y mayor en los EUBNH. Los PRRPR presentaron tasas significativamente menores que los PRREUA (P < 0,05 en los principales tipos de cáncer -de pulmón (SRR = 0,36 en hombres; SRR = 0,29 en mujeres, próstata (SRR = 0,71, mama (SRR = 0,73 y colorrectal (SRR = 0,74 en hombres y SRR = 0,65 en mujeres- así como en

Narrativas y sondeo del capitalismo-estadounidense sobre los recursos naturales de Puerto Rico (1898-1917

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José Anazagasty Rodríguez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Después de la Guerra Hispanoamericana varias editoriales, revistas y periódicos divulgaron múltiples textos sobre Puerto Rico, los mismos que participaron de la articulación del imaginario imperialista-colonialista estadounidense y el establecimiento de la modalidad colonial de ese país en el territorio caribeño. El presente artículo aborda dicha literatura imperial para examinar sus representaciones de la naturaleza y su relación con la producción capitalista de la naturaleza en tiempos en que Puerto Rico experimentaba la gestión imperial más directa de los Estados Unidos (1898-1917. Se analiza cómo los autores de esa literatura imperial transformaron la naturaleza en recurso ( resourcing , a la vez que inspeccionaron y catalogaron los recursos disponibles en Puerto Rico para luego asignarle un valor particular. Con ese proceder contribuyeron a la dominanción formal de esos recursos bajo las redes del capitalismo del imperio estadounidense.

Pitot tube and drag body measurements in transient steam--water flows

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fincke, J.R.; Deason, V.A.; Dacus, M.W.

1979-01-01

The use of full-flow drag devices and rakes of water-cooled Pitot tubes to measure the transient two-phase mass flow during loss-of-coolant experiments in pressurized water reactor (PWR) environments has been developed. Mass flow rate measurements have been obtained in high temperature and pressure environments, similar to PWRs, under transient conditions. Comparisons of the measured time integrated value of mass flow to the known system mass before depressurization are made

Use of a pitot-static probe for determining wing section drag in flight at Mach numbers from 0.5 to approximately 1.0

Science.gov (United States)

Montoya, L. C.; Economu, M. A.; Cissell, R. E.

1974-01-01

The use of a pitot-static probe to determine wing section drag at speeds from Mach 0.5 to approximately 1.0 was evaluated in flight. The probe unit is described and operational problems are discussed. Typical wake profiles and wing section drag coefficients are presented. The data indicate that the pitot-static probe gave reliable results up to speeds of approximately 1.0.

PuertoTex: un software de minería textual para la creación de resúmenes automáticos en el dominio de ingeniería de puertos y costas basado en ontologías

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Amed Leiva-Mederos

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo es elaborar y evaluar los resultados de la implementación de un software basado en ontologías, capaz de generar resúmenes automáticos en el campo de la Ingeniería de Puertos y Costas. Para el desarrollo de la herramienta se emplean diversas técnicas emanadas del análisis de discurso así como técnicas cognitivas, que permiten generar reglas para el tratamiento de los textos. También se apela a la construcción de una ontología que facilite los procesos de etiquetado a partir de las potencialidades de Resource Description Framework y Extensible Makup Language. Se construye un conjunto de agentes que actúa sobre la ontología, de la cual se declaran sus principales elementos. Como producto generado se presenta Puertotex, un software para la construcción de resúmenes automáticos basado en ontologías. La evaluación de los resúmenes generados refleja la calidad del sistema, que tiene como única limitación su capacidad para trabajar con el dominio objeto de investigación.

Investigación y análisis de la competitividad en el puerto de Veracruz (Estados Unidos Mexicanos)

OpenAIRE

Flórez Vanegas, Alejandra; Moreno Fonseca, William

2016-01-01

Esta investigación describe la situación portuaria del estado de Veracruz, ubicado en México, con el fin de analizar sus capacidades, infraestructura y funcionamiento, permitiendo una visualización de los modelos usados por el puerto, registrar sus prácticas, entre otros. Partiendo del funcionamiento, algunas estrategias y destrezas que se realizan en el puerto Azteca se tomarán como ejemplo, asimismo se realizará un análisis para el puerto de Buenaventura ubicado en Colombia. Lo anterior...

40 CFR 131.42 - Antidegradation Implementation Methods for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Ambiental para el Proceso de Presentación, Evaluación y Trámite de Documentos Ambientales (EQB's... Procedimiento Administrativo Uniforme del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico (3 LPRA 2165). (d) Implementation...

Evaluation of a flow direction probe and a pitot-static probe on the F-14 airplane at high angles of attack and sideslip

Science.gov (United States)

Larson, T. J.

1984-01-01

The measurement performance of a hemispherical flow-angularity probe and a fuselage-mounted pitot-static probe was evaluated at high flow angles as part of a test program on an F-14 airplane. These evaluations were performed using a calibrated pitot-static noseboom equipped with vanes for reference flow direction measurements, and another probe incorporating vanes but mounted on a pod under the fuselage nose. Data are presented for angles of attack up to 63, angles of sideslip from -22 deg to 22 deg, and for Mach numbers from approximately 0.3 to 1.3. During maneuvering flight, the hemispherical flow-angularity probe exhibited flow angle errors that exceeded 2 deg. Pressure measurements with the pitot-static probe resulted in very inaccurate data above a Mach number of 0.87 and exhibited large sensitivities with flow angle.

Health disparities between island and mainland Puerto Ricans Disparidades de salud entre puertorriqueños que viven en la isla de Puerto Rico y en tierra firme estadounidense

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Y. F. Ho

2006-05-01

associated with the poor health status observed in mainland Puerto Ricans.OBJETIVO: Detectar disparidades de salud entre tres poblaciones: puertorriqueños que viven en Puerto Rico, así como puertorriqueños y personas no hispanas de raza blanca que viven en tierra firme estadounidense. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron los datos obtenidos mediante dos encuestas de similar diseño que se realizaron en 1999-2000. El Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo Conductuales proporcionó datos acerca de los puertorriqueños radicados en la isla y de residentes de Estados Unidos de raza blanca que no son hispanos. Otra encuesta de puertorriqueños radicados en la Ciudad de Nueva York aportó datos acerca de los puertorriqueños que residían en tierra firme estadounidense. Se usaron las razones de las tasas estandarizadas (standardized rate ratios, SRR para hacer las comparaciones interpoblacionales de las prevalencias ponderadas, estandarizadas por edad y sexo, de varios parámetros (obesidad, diabetes, tabaquismo y dolencias físicas y de indicadores de acceso a la atención sanitaria (frecuencia de los exámenes de rutina y de la atención de la diabetes. RESULTADOS: Los puertorriqueños que vivían en tierra firme estadounidense y los que vivían en la isla tuvieron una prevalencia de obesidad parecida (21% a 22%. Comparados con los habitantes de la isla, los puertorriqueños radicados en tierra firme tuvieron una prevalencia de diabetes más alta (SRR = 1,4; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 1,01 a 2,0; los que tenían diabetes también mostraron una mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo (SRR = 4,2; IC 95%: 2,3 a 7,7 y de dolencias físicas (SRR = 1,5%; IC95%: 1,1 a 2,0 que los puertorriqueños que vivían en la isla. Mientras que los puertorriqueños en tierra firme se asemejaron a los blancos que no eran hispanos en cuanto a la utilización de servicios de prevención primaria y de atención de la diabetes, los puertorriqueños en la isla tenían cifras de utilización mucho m

Comparar la exportación de granos del Puerto Quequén con, la producción nacional de granos (soja, maíz, trigo y girasol), la exportación de granos desde los puertos de Rosario y principalmente del mayor competidor Bahía Blanca, y presentar alternativas para mejorar la relación

OpenAIRE

Ciccarelli, Fabián

2010-01-01

El propósito de la tesis es identificar las causas de la menor evolución en las exportaciones de granos realizadas por el Puerto Quequén (anexo III), respecto al crecimiento constante de la producción del país y al incremento en las exportaciones de los puertos de Bahía Blanca y Rosario, dado que es un eslabón crítico que impacta directamente en la cadena agroindustrial exportadora, la cual representa aproximadamente el 70% del PBI de la comunidad de Necochea/Quequén. Para la identificación d...

A Study of the Spanish Translation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised with Puerto Rican Children and Adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Maria D.; And Others

Two studies were performed with Puerto Rican children and adolescents in Puerto Rico and Connecticut to determine the reliability and predictive validity of the Spanish translation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, the Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para Ninos-Revisada (EIWN-R). Results suggest that the EIWN-R is a reliable…

Evolution of Rehabilitation Counseling in Puerto Rico: Organizational and Legislative Efforts Evolución de la consejería en rehabilitación en Puerto Rico: Esfuerzos organizacionales y proyectos legislativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel A. Villafañe Santiago

2013-08-01

providing quality services to the persons with special needs.Recibido 4 de julio de 2013 • Corregido 8 de agosto de 2013 • Aceptado 15 de agosto de 2013El propósito de este trabajo es presentar: a los esfuerzos históricos, organizacionales y legislativos que han contribuido al desarrollo de la profesión de consejería en rehabilitación, b cómo estos esfuerzos han aportado al desarrollo de la identidad profesional de los consejeros y consejeras en rehabilitación y c cómo estos acontecimientos han contribuido a expandir el desarrollo de programas y la prestación de servicios de calidad para las personas con necesidades especiales en Puerto Rico. A través de la historia oral y la revisión de bibliografía se reconoce la importancia de la creación de la legislación federal que promovió el primer programa de servicios para personas con necesidades especiales en los Estados Unidos y Puerto Rico. Estos mandatos legislativos también han promovido el desarrollo de la profesión de consejería en rehabilitación en el siglo XX y el desarrollo de las organizaciones profesionales determinantes en el establecimiento de la profesión. Se ilustra cómo, a finales de 1960 en Puerto Rico, la creación de la Asociación de Consejeros en Rehabilitación fue fundamental para la transformación de la profesión y la creación del Colegio de los Profesionales de la Consejería en Rehabilitación de Puerto Rico, a principios del siglo XXI, así como la contribución de un grupo de personas relacionadas con esta. Se presentan, además, los esfuerzos legislativos posteriores y la aprobación de nuevos mandatos, incluyendo la modificación de la Ley de Salud Mental de Puerto Rico para incorporar a este profesional entre los profesionales que prestan servicios a las personas con problemas de salud mental en el país. Después de esta revisión teórica e histórica se concluye que, si bien la profesión aún necesita más mercadeo, es una profesión de vanguardia que se ha ido

Building Bridges to Address Health Disparities in Puerto Rico: the “Salud para Piñones” Project

Science.gov (United States)

García-Rivera, Enid J.; Pacheco, Princess; Colón, Marielis; Mays, Mary Helen; Rivera, Maricruz; Munet-Díaz, Verónica; González, María del R.; Rodríguez, María; Rodríguez, Rebecca; Morales, Astrid

2017-01-01

Over the past several decades, Puerto Ricans have faced increased health threats from chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and hypertension. The patient-provider relationship is the main platform for individual disease management, whereas the community, as an agent of change for the community’s health status, has been limited in its support of individual health. Likewise, traditional research approaches within communities have placed academic researchers at the center of the process, considering their knowledge was of greater value than that of the community. In this paradigm, the academic researcher frequently owns and controls the research process. The primary aim is contributing to the scientific knowledge, but not necessarily to improve the community’s health status or empower communities for social change. In contrast, the community-based participatory research (CBPR) model brings community members and leaders together with researchers in a process that supports mutual learning and empowers the community to take a leadership role in its own health and well-being. This article describes the development of the community-campus partnership between the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and Piñones, a semi-rural community, and the resulting CBPR project: “Salud para Piñones”. This project represents a collaborative effort to understand and address the community’s health needs and health disparities based on the community’s participation as keystone of the process. This participatory approach represents a valuable ally in the development of long-term community-academy partnerships, thus providing opportunities to establish relevant and effective ways to translate evidence-based interventions into concrete actions that impact the individual and community’s wellbeing. PMID:28622406

Community beliefs and practices about dengue in Puerto Rico Creencias y prácticas comunitarias relacionadas con el dengue en Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen L. Pérez-Guerra

2009-03-01

en las tareas de prevención del dengue sigue siendo un reto en Puerto Rico. A partir de entrevistas realizadas en 2001 se analizaron las diferencias en las actitudes hacia el dengue y su prevención según el sexo de los encuestados y sus antecedentes de haber sufrido esta enfermedad. Estos resultados pueden servir para desarrollar mensajes dirigidos a promover prácticas de control de Aedes aegypti. MÉTODOS: Entre septiembre y octubre de 2003 sesionaron 11 grupos focales en San Juan, Puerto Rico. Participaron 59 personas (35 mujeres y 24 hombres de 18 años o más, identificados a través del sistema de vigilancia de dengue de Puerto Rico. El análisis se basó en la teoría fundamentada o inductiva. RESULTADOS: Las mujeres consideraban importante el dengue por su impacto económico, emocional y sanitario y más mujeres que hombres estaban preocupadas por la insuficiente recolección de basura y disposición de aguas residuales. Los participantes con diagnóstico previo de dengue estaban más preocupados por los riesgos de la enfermedad, conocían más sobre el dengue y su prevención y con mayor frecuencia aconsejaron el uso de repelentes que sus pares sin diagnóstico previo de dengue. Entre las barreras para la prevención sostenida del dengue estaban: conceptos erróneos por materiales educativos obsoletos, la " invisibilidad" del dengue en comparación con las enfermedades crónicas y la falta de aceptación de responsabilidad por la prevención del dengue. CONCLUSIONES: Las estrategias sugeridas para motivar la acción de los residentes comprenden: trabajar con las agencias gubernamentales para resolver los problemas estructurales que incrementan las poblaciones de mosquitos, mejorar el acceso a la información sobre la recolección de basura y la disposición de las aguas residuales mediante líneas telefónicas de asistencia directa, aumentar la propaganda y la información sobre el dengue mediante campañas por los medios masivos de información y educar

Monitoreo del Aire en Puerto Rico a través de la Ciencia Ciudadana

Science.gov (United States)

Comunidad de Tallaboa/Encarnación en Peñuelas, Puerto Rico es un ejemplo de una comunidad comprometida con mejorar la calidad de aire para sus residentes que han sufrido el impacto acumulativo de la contaminacion en su localidad.

A Profile of Puerto Rican Health in the United States: Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1982-84.

Science.gov (United States)

Munoz, Eric; And Others

The health conditions and health status of Hispanic Americans will assume increased importance as their population increases. The goal of this book of charts is to present data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) on Puerto Ricans. The Puerto Rican HHANES sampling procedure is a multi-stage probability sample of…

ESTUDIO INTRAPAÍSES DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD GLOBAL DESDE EL ENFOQUE DEL DOBLE DIAMANTE PARA PUERTO RICO, COSTA RICA Y SINGAPUR

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Castro-Gonzáles, Segundo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Muchos investigadores y economistas han argumentado que los estudios de competitividad del WEF e IMD muestran limitaciones en pequeñas economías,más aún cuando estas tienen características distintas. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la competitividad de 3 peque˜nas economías: Puerto Rico, Costa Rica y Singapur. El modelo del doble-diamante de competitividad resulta útil a la hora de llevar a cabo esta tarea. La información procede de organismos internacionales. Los resultados muestran que Singapur goza de un mayor nivel de competitividad global comparado con Puerto Rico y Costa Rica. Concluimos que Puerto Rico y Costa Rica lucen equilibrados en competitividad, porque internacionalmente Puerto Rico aventaja a Costa Rica en 3 determinantes: condiciones de factores, condiciones de la demanda e industrias relacionadas y de apoyo; mientras que localmente Costa Rica es más competitivo que Puerto Rico en 3 factores domésticos: condiciones de factores, condiciones de demanda y estrategia de las firmas.

Micro manometer and pitot tube for measuring the velocity distribution in a natural convection water stream between two vertical parallel plates (1961); Micromano metre et tube de pitot destines a l'exploration du profil de vitesse dans un ecoulement d'eau de convection naturelle entre deux plaques verticales paralleles (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santon, L; Vernier, Ph [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

For heat transfer studies in certain cases of cooling in swimming-pool type nuclear reactors, a knowledge of the distribution of the velocities between two heating elements is of prime importance. A Pitot tube and a micro-manometer have been developed for making these measurements on an experimental model. (authors) [French] Pour l'etude du transfert de chaleur dans certains cas de refroidissement des reacteurs nucleaires du type piscine, la connaissance de la repartition des vitesses entre deux elements chauffants est primordiale. On a mis au point un tube de Pitot et un micromanometre pour effectuer ces mesures sur une maquette experimentale. (auteurs)

Flight calibration of compensated and uncompensated pitot-static airspeed probes and application of the probes to supersonic cruise vehicles

Science.gov (United States)

Webb, L. D.; Washington, H. P.

1972-01-01

Static pressure position error calibrations for a compensated and an uncompensated XB-70 nose boom pitot static probe were obtained in flight. The methods (Pacer, acceleration-deceleration, and total temperature) used to obtain the position errors over a Mach number range from 0.5 to 3.0 and an altitude range from 25,000 feet to 70,000 feet are discussed. The error calibrations are compared with the position error determined from wind tunnel tests, theoretical analysis, and a standard NACA pitot static probe. Factors which influence position errors, such as angle of attack, Reynolds number, probe tip geometry, static orifice location, and probe shape, are discussed. Also included are examples showing how the uncertainties caused by position errors can affect the inlet controls and vertical altitude separation of a supersonic transport.

A GPS-Based Pitot-Static Calibration Method Using Global Output-Error Optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, John V.; Cunningham, Kevin

2010-01-01

Pressure-based airspeed and altitude measurements for aircraft typically require calibration of the installed system to account for pressure sensing errors such as those due to local flow field effects. In some cases, calibration is used to meet requirements such as those specified in Federal Aviation Regulation Part 25. Several methods are used for in-flight pitot-static calibration including tower fly-by, pacer aircraft, and trailing cone methods. In the 1990 s, the introduction of satellite-based positioning systems to the civilian market enabled new inflight calibration methods based on accurate ground speed measurements provided by Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Use of GPS for airspeed calibration has many advantages such as accuracy, ease of portability (e.g. hand-held) and the flexibility of operating in airspace without the limitations of test range boundaries or ground telemetry support. The current research was motivated by the need for a rapid and statistically accurate method for in-flight calibration of pitot-static systems for remotely piloted, dynamically-scaled research aircraft. Current calibration methods were deemed not practical for this application because of confined test range size and limited flight time available for each sortie. A method was developed that uses high data rate measurements of static and total pressure, and GPSbased ground speed measurements to compute the pressure errors over a range of airspeed. The novel application of this approach is the use of system identification methods that rapidly compute optimal pressure error models with defined confidence intervals in nearreal time. This method has been demonstrated in flight tests and has shown 2- bounds of approximately 0.2 kts with an order of magnitude reduction in test time over other methods. As part of this experiment, a unique database of wind measurements was acquired concurrently with the flight experiments, for the purpose of experimental validation of the

LOFT ECC Pitot Tube and Thermocouple Rake Penetration thermal analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tolan, B.J.

1977-01-01

A thermal analysis of the LOFT ECC Pitot Tube and Thermocouple Rake Penetration was performed using COUPLE, a two-dimensional finite element computer code. Four transients which conservatively cover all transients the rake will be exposed to were included in this analysis in order to comply with the ASME Code Section III requirements. The transients conservatively cover hot and cold leg operation, and nuclear and nonnuclear operation. The four transients include the LOCE with ECC injection transient, the single control rod drop transient, the scram transient, and the heatup with 0 to 100% load change transient. Temperature distributions in the rake were obtained for each of the four transients and several plots of node temperatures vs. time are given

Latest Developments on Obtaining Accurate Measurements with Pitot Tubes in ZPG Turbulent Boundary Layers

Science.gov (United States)

Nagib, Hassan; Vinuesa, Ricardo

2013-11-01

Ability of available Pitot tube corrections to provide accurate mean velocity profiles in ZPG boundary layers is re-examined following the recent work by Bailey et al. Measurements by Bailey et al., carried out with probes of diameters ranging from 0.2 to 1.89 mm, together with new data taken with larger diameters up to 12.82 mm, show deviations with respect to available high-quality datasets and hot-wire measurements in the same Reynolds number range. These deviations are significant in the buffer region around y+ = 30 - 40 , and lead to disagreement in the von Kármán coefficient κ extracted from profiles. New forms for shear, near-wall and turbulence corrections are proposed, highlighting the importance of the latest one. Improved agreement in mean velocity profiles is obtained with new forms, where shear and near-wall corrections contribute with around 85%, and remaining 15% of the total correction comes from turbulence correction. Finally, available algorithms to correct wall position in profile measurements of wall-bounded flows are tested, using as benchmark the corrected Pitot measurements with artificially simulated probe shifts and blockage effects. We develop a new scheme, κB - Musker, which is able to accurately locate wall position.

Framework Multi-LIBRAS para integração e colaboração de soluções para deficientes auditivos

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Luciana Pereira Oliveira

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Vem crescendo o número de soluções para pessoas com deficiência auditiva. Por exemplo, vêm surgindo diversas soluções de tradutores de Português para LIBRAS para facilitar a comunicação entre ouvintes e surdos. Por outro lado, muitos projetos de pesquisa estão descontinuados, não sendo possível executar os aplicativos desenvolvidos e muito menos repetir experimentos descritos nos artigos. Então, como os pesquisadores poderiam trabalhar de maneira colaborativa a construção de novos aplicativos e melhorias dos softwares existentes? Seria possível distintos grupos de pesquisa criarem um dicionário de Português e LIBRAS aberto? Objetivando-se esse ambiente colaborativo, definiu-se o framework Multi-LIBRAS, que oferece flexibilidade e extensibilidade para integrar qualquer solução para LIBRAS e algoritmos de avaliação. O artigo irá apresentar uma visão geral, as camadas externas e internas do framework bem como exemplificar o uso do Multi-LIBRAS, que dá suporte a soluções descritas em qualquer linguagem de programação.

The Psychology of Puerto Rican Migration.

Science.gov (United States)

Prewitt Diaz, Joseph O.

The psychology of the Puerto Rican migrant to the United States mainland is explored. Puerto Ricans have been migrating to the U.S. mainland and returning to Puerto Rico for more than 125 years, and, in fact, approximately 57% of all Puerto Ricans have migrated at one time or another. The migrant experience, including the circular migration…

Estimación del riesgo sísmico en puerto príncipe (Haití)

OpenAIRE

Torres Fernández, Yolanda

2012-01-01

Tras el devastador terremoto del 12 de enero de 2010 en Puerto Príncipe, Haití, las autoridades locales, numerosas ONGs y organismos nacionales e internacionales están trabajando en el desarrollo de estrategias para minimizar el elevado riesgo sísmico existente en el país. Para ello es necesario, en primer lugar, estimar dicho riesgo asociado a eventuales terremotos futuros que puedan producirse, evaluando el grado de pérdidas que podrían generar, para dimensionar la catástrofe y actuar en co...

Pitot-probe displacement in a supersonic turbulent boundary layer

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, J. M.

1972-01-01

Eight circular pitot probes ranging in size from 2 to 70 percent of the boundary-layer thickness were tested to provide experimental probe displacement results in a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer at a nominal free-stream Mach number of 2 and unit Reynolds number of 8 million per meter. The displacement obtained in the study was larger than that reported by previous investigators in either an incompressible turbulent boundary layer or a supersonic laminar boundary layer. The large probes indicated distorted Mach number profiles, probably due to separation. When the probes were small enough to cause no appreciable distortion, the displacement was constant over most of the boundary layer. The displacement in the near-wall region decreased to negative displacement in some cases. This near-wall region was found to extend to about one probe diameter from the test surface.

The shape of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Puerto Rico El estado de la epidemia de VIH/SIDA en Puerto Rico

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Maria A. Gomez

2000-06-01

la epidemia de VIH/sida en la isla. De enero de 1981 a febrero de 1999 se habían comunicado a dicho programa 23 089 casos de sida. La epidemia de VIH/ sida ha afectado sobre todo a varones y hembras de 30 a 49 años, aunque también se han descrito casos en otros grupos de edad. La proporción acumulada de pacientes del sexo femenino con sida ha aumentado enormemente, de 11,4% en el período 1981-1986 a 21,6% en el período 1981-1999. En Puerto Rico, el grupo de adictos a drogas por vía parenteral representa la mayoría de los casos de sida (52%, seguido de los heterosexuales (22% y de los varones homosexuales (17%. Los tres diagnósticos de sida establecidos con mayor frecuencia en la isla son el síndrome consuntivo (30,7%, la candidiasis esofágica, bronquial y pulmonar (29,4% y la neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii (26,8%. De acuerdo con las estadísticas demográficas de 1994 en Puerto Rico, el sida constituyó la cuarta causa de muerte. La tasa global de mortalidad por sida fue de 42,0 por 100 000 habitantes, siendo mucho más elevada en los hombres (67,8 que en las mujeres (17,4. El sida es la primera causa de muerte en personas de 30 a 39 años de edad. Serán necesarios grandes esfuerzos para comprender mejor la epidemia en Puerto Rico, su biología, su impacto social y familiar y sus costes financieros.

Influence of probe geometry on pitot-probe displacement in supersonic turbulent flow

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, J. M.

1975-01-01

An experiment was conducted to determine the varying effects of six different probe-tip and support-shaft configurations on pitot tube displacement. The study was stimulated by discrepancies between supersonic wind-tunnel tests conducted by Wilson and Young (1949) and Allen (1972). Wilson (1973) had concluded that these discrepancies were caused by differences in probe geometry. It is shown that in fact, no major differences in profiles of streamwise velocity over streamwise velocity at boundary-layer edge vs normal coordinate over boundary-layer total thickness result from geometry. The true cause of the discrepancies, however, remains to be discovered.

Puerto Rico’s forests, 2009

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas J. Brandeis; Jeffery A. Turner; NO-VALUE

2013-01-01

This report presents the results of the fourth forest inventory of the islands of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Forest area on mainland Puerto Rico held steady, or increased slightly, from 2004 to 2009. This change would seem to indicate that the rate of forest cover increase on mainland Puerto Rico has slowed since the forest inventory began in 1980. But the...

Measurement of mass flux in high temperature high pressure steam-water two-phase flow using a combination of Pitot tubes and a gamma densitometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chan, A.M.C.; Bzovey, D.

1990-01-01

The design and calibration of a two-phase mass-flux measurement device making use of a Pitot-tube rake and a gamma densitometer are described. Five Pitot tubes and three chordal void-fraction measurements are used. Similar devices have been reported previously. The present device is designed for easy operation and simple data interpretation for both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric flows under high pressure transient two-phase flow conditions. The device was calibrated using a vertical two-phase flow loop as well as a model-scale pump loop in horizontal orientation. Good agreement between the measured two-phase mass fluxes and the single-phase values was obtained in both cases. (orig.)

Drinking and Driving in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Caetano, Raul; Vaeth, Patrice A C; Romano, Eduardo; Canino, Glorisa

2018-01-09

Epidemiological information is lacking for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) in Puerto Rico. To examine the prevalence and correlates of DUI in Puerto Rico. Data are from a household sample of 1510 individuals, aged 18-64 years in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The response rate was 83%. The rate of 12 month self-reported DUI was 20% among men and 8% among women (p Puerto Rico was high, but the proportion of people arrested for DUI in a span of 12 months or during their lifetime was low. Stricter enforcement of DUI laws may be necessary to minimize DUI in urban Puerto Rico.

Estimados del costo de reconstrucción de edificios en Puerto Rico

OpenAIRE

Botero, Jorge; Lluch, José

2005-01-01

Las metodologías para estimar la pérdida máxima probable (PML) se componen de dos partes, el modelo de daño y el costo de reparación o reemplazo. Este trabajo se enfoca en la segunda parte y tiene como objetivo determinar estos costos para Puerto Rico. Se hizo una encuesta entre contratistas, diseñadores y propietarios y se obtuvieron costos por pie cuadrado, costos por unidades de servicio, costos por parámetros, costo por componentes, salarios de mano de obra y la distribución de la misma e...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Thermo King de Puerto Rico Incorporated in Arecibo, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Thermo King de Puerto Rico, Inc. facility is located in the Zeno Gandia Industrial Area in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Major features of the facility include six buildings used for manufacturing and storage, a wastewater treatment plant, a hazardous waste and no

La Geología, Geomorfología, Suelos y Uso de la Tierra en Puerto López, Colombia y Uberlândia Brasil. / Geology, geomorphology, pedology and land use in Puerto López (Colombia and Uberlandia (Brazil municipalities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Luis Silva Brito

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Debido a la preocupación en elevar la calidad de vida de los habitantes en Brasil y en Colombia, se desarrollaron estudios aislados para conocer los principales recursos físicos y humanos y así, establecer normas para una adecuada administración y aprovechamiento del territorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear y comparar la geología, la geomorfología, los suelos y el uso de la tierra y cobertura vegetal natural, de las altillanuras en los municipios de Uberlândia (Brasil y Puerto López (Colombia. Fue utilizado el Sistema de Procesamiento de Informaciones Georreferenciadas (SPRING para el almacenamiento, manipulación y procesamiento de informaciones colectadas en el campo y en las imágenes de satélite. Los resultados muestran que existen variadas e importantes diferencias entre los municipios de Puerto López y Uberlândia, lo que hace que sea reconsiderada la idea de hacer transferencias de paquetes tecnológicos no modificables, en relación a las condiciones propias de cada lugar, donde serán implementados. No es recomendable usar deliberadamente los mismos métodos o tecnologías para la producción agrícola en los dos municipios.

40 CFR 131.40 - Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Puerto Rico 131.40 Section 131.40... Federally Promulgated Water Quality Standards § 131.40 Puerto Rico (a) Use designations for marine waters. In addition to the Commonwealth's adopted use designations, the following waterbodies in Puerto Rico...

La junta de obras de los puertos: aspectos económicos, financieros y contables de su normativa reguladora. Una aplicación a la junta de obras del Puerto de la Luz y Las Palmas (Islas Canarias a través del estudio del libro diario, 1907-1908

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Candelaria Castro Pérez

2008-07-01

Para la aplicación empírica de este estudio se ha tomado como fuente primaria la contabilidad desarrollada por la Junta de Obras de los Puertos de La Luz y Las Palmas para los años 1907-1908, reflejada en su primer Libro Diario, en el cual se registran todas las operaciones y por tanto constituye el fiel reflejo de la realidad económica del puerto. Dicho análisis nos permite mostrar la diversidad de operaciones económicas realizadas por la Junta en el intervalo temporal objeto de estudio, así como los movimientos de capitales que constituyeron su financiación y la posterior inversión de los mismos. Este estudio será la base para contrastar la realidad económica con las obligaciones impuestas por la normativa vigente en el período analizado.

New records of parasites for culture Cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Perciformes: Rachycentridae in Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucy Bunkley-Williams

2006-12-01

apparently mature sufficiently before harvest to attract wild male Cobia to the net pen culture facilities. This represents a potential source of parasite and disease infection for the cultured and wild fish. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (Suppl. 3: 1-7. Epub 2007 Jan. 15.En un criadero del pez Rachycentron canadum establecido en Puerto Rico a partir de especímenes de Florida hallamos parásitos nuevos. La enfermedad causada por Brooklynella hostilis Lom and Nigrilli, 1970 (Dysteriida: Hartmannulidae podría indicar que un parásito local tomó ventaja de los peces debilitados y/o hacinados. También hallamos Cryptocaryon irritans Brown, 1951 (Colpodia: Ichthyophthiriidae, parásito cosmopolita. También llegó de Florida Ichthyobodo sp. (Kinetoplastida: Bodonidae, el cual hasta ahora no ha causado ningún problema localmente, pero es un nuevo registro para el Atlántico tropical, el Caribe, Florida y Puerto Rico. Los tres parásitos son huéspedes nuevos de R. canadum. Aparentemente, antes de la cosecha las hembras maduran lo suficiente para atraer machos salvajes hacia los cultivos. Esto representa una potencial fuente de infección.

Aging in Puerto Rico: A Comparison of Health Status Among Island Puerto Rican and Mainland U.S. Older Adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez, Catherine; Ailshire, Jennifer A

2017-06-01

To characterize the health status of older island Puerto Ricans, a segment of the U.S. population that has been largely overlooked in aging research. Data from the 2002 Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project and the 2002 Health and Retirement Study are used to examine differences in disease, disability, and self-rated health among island Puerto Ricans and the mainland U.S.-born older adult population. Differences are further examined by gender. Island Puerto Ricans were less likely to have heart disease, stroke, lung disease, cancer, activities of daily living (ADL) limitations, and poor self-rated health, but more likely to have hypertension and diabetes. Island Puerto Rican women had worse health relative to island Puerto Rican men. Recent challenges in the funding and provision of health care in Puerto Rico are worrisome given the large number of aging island adults, many of whom have hypertension and diabetes, two conditions that require long-term medical care.

Pitot pressure measurements in flow fields behind circular-arc nozzles with exhaust jets at subsonic free-stream Mach numbers. [langley 16 foot transonic tunnel

Science.gov (United States)

Mason, M. L.; Putnam, L. E.

1979-01-01

The flow field behind a circular arc nozzle with exhaust jet was studied at subsonic free stream Mach numbers. A conical probe was used to measure the pitot pressure in the jet and free stream regions. Pressure data were recorded for two nozzle configurations at nozzle pressure ratios of 2.0, 2.9, and 5.0. At each set of test conditions, the probe was traversed from the jet center line into the free stream region at seven data acquisition stations. The survey began at the nozzle exit and extended downstream at intervals. The pitot pressure data may be applied to the evaluation of computational flow field models, as illustrated by a comparison of the flow field data with results of inviscid jet plume theory.

27 CFR 26.126 - Taxpayment in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Taxpayment in Puerto Rico..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Liquors and Articles Purchased by Tourists in Puerto Rico § 26.126 Taxpayment in Puerto Rico. Liquors upon which all...

Feminist Therapy with Mainland Puerto Rican Women.

Science.gov (United States)

Comas-Diaz, Lillian

1987-01-01

Discusses the use of feminist therapy with mainland Puerto Rican women, presenting clinical vignettes. Emphasizes the consideration of sociocultural context, including the experience of cross-cultural translocation, transculturation, the colonial background of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican sex roles, power issues and Puertorriquenas' sense of…

Las expectativas de los medios de información frente a la formación de periodistas. Análisis comparativo ente Colombia y Puerto Rico/News Media Expectations of Journalism Education. A Comparative Analysis between Colombia and Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

oscar cuesta

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación que contrastó las opiniones de los supervisores de los medios informativos en Colombia y Puerto Rico sobre las destrezas que esperan sean desarrolladas por los programas académicos que forman periodistas. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas con preguntas estructuradas y se condujo un análisis comparativo descriptivo. Se determinó que los supervisores en ambos países consideran importante que la academia forme periodistas generalistas -con destrezas digitales y multimedia -, que puedan producir para plataformas múltiples y que dominen destrezas tradicionalmente asociadas a la profesión. No obstante, mientras los de Colombia piensan que el énfasis educativo debe cimentarse en el pensamiento crítico; los de Puerto Rico, en el adiestramiento profesional. Ambos países conciben que los currículos deben responder a las demandas de la industria.

Patient profiles and their relationship with the CES-D scale at the Diabetes Center for Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez, José R; Rodríguez, Rosa Janet; Disdier, Orville M

2007-03-01

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Puerto Ricans has been identified and reported as being disproportionately higher as compared to other metabolic pathologies. Recently, diabetes has been identified as the third cause of mortality in Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Health Department, Vital Statistics Annual Report, 1999-2001). The Research Center, Education and Medical Services for Diabetes in Puerto Rico (also known as the "Centro de Diabetes para Puerto Rico" [CDPR]) is a public corporation in the island created by the government to reduce diabetes prevalence, mortality and morbidity. The CDPR offers Diabetes Self Management Educational Training Program Schools for patients (DSMETPS) island wide. The research design was an ex-post facto. As part of the process, patients are administered an extensive sociodemographic and health information questionnaire, which also includes the CES-D (a symptomatology depressive scale). This study pretends to describe the diabetic patient profiles (n=27) using information from the DSMETPS of the CDPR and explore the association with the CES-D. Variables such as patients' needs, knowledge and understanding of the condition (i.e., pathology management, type and medications utilized and exercise and nutritional patterns), patient attitudes to diabetes and their relations with the CES-D were explored. Results show a negative association, controlling for age and gender, between patients diabetic education/knowledge and CES-D score. Diabetes educators in Puerto Rico need to identify depressive symptomatology in order to prevent mental health complications in their patients since this may affect their future treatment and prognosis. An interdisciplinary team is recommended to improve the effectivity of the intervention.

Nuevos registros de ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea para localidades de Zihuatanejo (Guerrero y Puerto Escondido (Oaxaca, Pacífico mexicano New records of ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea from localities at Zihuatanejo (Guerrero and Puerto Escondido (Oaxaca, Mexican Pacific

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Rebeca Granja-Fernández

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Se presentan nuevos registros de ofiuroideos para localidades de Zihuatanejo, Guerrero y de Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca en el Pacífico mexicano. Mediante recolectas realizadas en diversos sustratos se obtuvieron 12 especies, de las cuales Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman, 1860 y Ophiothela mirabilis (Verrill, 1867 fueron las más ampliamente distribuidas. Este número de especies, el más alto registrado respecto a trabajos previos, se atribuye a la mayor amplitud espacial del esfuerzo de muestreo y a la mayor diversidad de sustratos explorados. Se dan a conocer nuevos sustratos habitados por O. mirabilis y Ophioderma panamensis Lütken, 1859. Se presenta el primer registro de asociación de un organismo juvenil de O. alexandri con un hidrozoo del orden Leptothecata en el Pacífico oriental. A pesar del incremento en el número de especies reconocidas para las localidades, se sugiere llevar a cabo una prospección más amplia del Pacífico tropical mexicano y un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo en diversos sustratos con el fin de incrementar el conocimiento de la biodiversidad de ofiuros en la zona.New records of ophiuroids from localities at Zihuatanejo, Guerrero and Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca in the Mexican Pacific are presented. Based on specimens collected on diverse substrata, 12 species were identified; Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman, 1860 and Ophiothela mirabilis (Verrill, 1867 being the most widely distributed. The larger number of recorded species compared to previous studies may result from a spatially broader sampling and a more thorough survey involving a larger variety of substrata. New substrata for O. mirabilis and Ophioderma panamensis Lütken, 1859 are reported. We document, for first time, the relationship between a juvenile of O. alexandri and a hydrozoan of the order Leptothecata in the Eastern Pacific. Although this paper documents a significant increase in the number of recorded species in the study area, we highlight the need for a large scale

Los bosques de Puerto Rico, 2009

Science.gov (United States)

Humfredo Marcano Vega; Thomas J. Brandeis; Jeffery A. Turner; No Other

2015-01-01

Este informe presenta los resultados del cuarto inventario forestal de las islas del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. El área de bosque en la isla grande de Puerto Rico se mantuvo constante o aumentó ligeramente del año 2004 al 2009. Este cambio parece indicar que la tasa de incremento de cubierta forestal en la isla grande de Puerto Rico ha disminuido desde que...

Espiritismo:The Flywheel of the Puerto Rican Spiritual Traditions

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Edil Torres Rivera

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Espiritismo es una práctica religiosa muy amplia entre puertorriqueños en Puerto Rico y los puertorriqueño en los EstadosUnidos. Espiritismo se ha encontrado ser efectivo en como terapia curativa en personas con problema psicológicos y detener efectos terapéuticos semejantes a los de psicoterapia y consejería. El espiritismo puertorriqueño es un sistemasincrético de los sistemas de creencias que combina las practicas espiritual-religiosa del las culturas pre-colombiana,africana, católica, y europeas en un solo sistema para satisfacer las necesidades espirituales así como las necesidadespsico-culturales de los puertorriqueños. Implicaciones y las sugerencias son proporcionadas para los profesionales de lasalud mental que quieren utilizar el espiritismo en sus prácticas con clientes puertorriqueños

26 CFR 1.1402(a)-9 - Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 12 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Puerto Rico. 1.1402(a)-9 Section 1.1402(a)-9...) INCOME TAXES Tax on Self-Employment Income § 1.1402(a)-9 Puerto Rico. (a) Residents. A resident of Puerto... alien, a citizen of the United States, or a citizen of Puerto Rico, shall compute his net earnings from...

Transferencia de datos por puerto USB de una tarjeta FPGA Nexys 2 empleando LabWindows CVI v9.0

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Juan Raúl Rodríguez Suárez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} En el trabajo se presenta la implementación de la comunicación por puerto USB entre una computadora con sistema operativo Windows y una tarjeta FPGA Nexys2.  Dicha tarjeta posee un microcontrolador Cypress CY7C68013A que maneja un puerto  USB2 de alta velocidad que ha sido programado para emular un puerto paralelo EPP. Se expone el diseño y evaluación  de una interfaz gráfica de usuario con programación LabWindows que maneja la biblioteca DPCUTIL y que posibilita la transferencia y visualización de datos desde la Nexys2. La aplicación permite  la transferencia en tiempo real de un procesador digital de 12bits, de dos canales implementado con frecuencia de muestreo de 1MHz en la FPGA. En el trabajo se evalúa los resultados alcanzados en cuanto a la velocidad de transferencia de datos efectiva.

Factors influencing tropical island freshwater fishes:Species, status, and management implications in puerto rico [Factores que influencian a los peces tropicales de agua dulce: Especies, estado actual e implicaciones para el manejo en Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Wesley, Neal J.; Lilyestrom, Craig G.; Kwak, T.J.

2009-01-01

Anthropogenic effects including river regulation, watershed development, contamination, and fish introductions have substantially affected the majority of freshwater habitats in Europe and North America. This pattern of resource development and degradation is widespread in the tropics, and often little is known about the resources before they are lost. This article describes the freshwater resources of Puerto Rico and identifies factors that threaten conservation of native fishes. The fishes found in freshwater habitats of Puerto Rico represent a moderately diverse assemblage composed of 14 orders, 29 families, and 82 species. There are fewer than 10 species of native peripherally-freshwater fish that require a link to marine systems. Introductions of nonindigenous species have greatly expanded fish diversity in freshwater systems, and native estuarine and marine species (18 families) also commonly enter lowland rivers and brackish lagoons. Environmental alterations, including land use and development, stream channelization, pollution, and the impoundment of rivers, combined with nonnative species introductions threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic resources in Puerto Rico. Six principal areas for attention that are important influences on the current and future status of the freshwater fish resources of Puerto Rico are identified and discussed.

MEDIDA DEL RENDIMIENTO DE LAS JUNTAS DE OBRAS DE LOS PUERTOS ESPAÑOLES DURANTE LA NOVENA LEGISLATURA DE LA DICTADURA FRANQUISTA (1962-1965

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Isidoro Guzmán Raja

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Los enclaves portuarios son importantes centros de desarrollo económico, cuya actuación eficiente es una premisa fundamental de su modelo de negocio para ofrecer adecuadamente los servicios que prestan. En este sentido, el presente trabajo está dedicado al estudio del rendimiento de los puertos españoles durante el periodo 1962-1965, los cuales se encontraban gestionados por las entonces denominadas Juntas de Obras del Puerto (en adelante JOP, que hoy en día conocemos con el apelativo de Autoridades Portuarias (en adelante AP. Sobre un censo de 29 JOP para el periodo objeto de estudio, se aplicó la técnica no paramétrica del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA (Charner et al., 1978; Banker et al., 1984 para determinar las puntuaciones de rendimiento basadas en el trazado de fronteras eficientes por periodos anuales, a partir de la implementación de un modelo de eficiencia en el que se recogen los principales variables en que se basa el servicio portuario. El trabajo se complementa con el cálculo del Índice de Productividad Total de los Factores de Malmquist (Färe et al., 1994, con el fin de conocer la evolución del cambio productivo, junto por el cambio tecnológico y en eficiencia de los puertos evaluados.

UNDERSTANDING THE PUERTO RICAN AND HIS FAMILY.

Science.gov (United States)

THOMAS MARIE, SISTER

AN UNDERSTANDING OF TRADITIONAL PUERTO RICAN FAMILY CUSTOMS AND BASIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUERTO RICAN AND OTHER LIFE STYLES SHOULD HELP PROFESSIONAL WORKERS SOLVE THE PROBLEMS CREATED BY MIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES. THE CULTURE OF THE PUERTO RICAN CAN BE DESCRIBED IN RELATION TO THREE CONCEPTS--DIGNIDAD (SELF-ESTEEM OR SELF-WORTH), RESPETO…

Puerto Rican Women as Workers and Writers.

Science.gov (United States)

Vazquez, Blanca, Ed.

1989-01-01

This theme issue of the "Centro Bulletin" highlights recent studies by and about employed Puerto Rican and Latina women. "La mujer en el Puerto Rico del siglo XIX" (O. Jimenez de Wagenheim), in Spanish, reviews the contributions of women to Puerto Rican economic, political, and social life during the nineteenth century.…

Changes in the AIDS epidemiologic situation in Puerto Rico following health care reform and the introduction of HAART Cambios en la situación epidemiológica del sida en Puerto Rico tras la reforma sanitaria y la introducción de la TARGA

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Doris V. Báez-Feliciano

2005-02-01

use; the use of HAART on a larger number of vulnerable patients, particularly intravenous drug users; educational interventions to improve medication compliance in certain risk groups; and specific measures aimed at decreasing the rate of injection drug use.OBJETIVOS: Comparar la frecuencia de casos de sida, así como las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes de sida en Puerto Rico, antes y después de la introducción de la terapia antirretrovírica de gran actividad (TARGA y la privatización del sistema de salud de la isla. MÉTODOS: Comparamos los nuevos casos de sida durante dos períodos de tres años, 1992-1994 y 1998-2000, en cuatro poblaciones: 1 todos los Estados Unidos, 2 Puerto Rico, 3 la Región de Salud de Bayamón (que se sitúa en la parte norte del centro de Puerto Rico y contiene 11 de las 78 municipalidades de la isla y una cohorte de pacientes infectados por el VIH y atendidos en la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC. La UCC está en Bayamón, Puerto Rico, dentro de un complejo médico universitario donde se encuentran el hospital escuela (Hospital Universitario Ramón Ruíz Arnaú, las clínicas ambulatorias (Clínicas de Inmunología para pacientes infectados por el VIH y los edificios administrativos. Todo ello en conjunto representa la principal infraestructura de atención sanitaria de carácter público en la Región de Salud de Bayamón. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de nuevos casos de sida se redujo notablemente entre los dos períodos en cada una de las cuatro poblaciones estudiadas. La reducción de 48,1% observada en Puerto Rico superó a la de 40,9% observada en los Estados Unidos en general. La reducción en Puerto Rico obedeció probablemente a la mayor disponibilidad y aplicación de la TARGA y a la provisión de atención sanitaria de manera integrada a pacientes de sida o con infección por el VIH en cada clínica ambulatoria regional. A pesar de estas mejoras, sin embargo, el n

Invasive cancer incidence - Puerto Rico, 2007-2011.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neil, Mary Elizabeth; Henley, S Jane; Singh, Simple D; Wilson, Reda J; Ortiz-Ortiz, Karen J; Ríos, Naydi Pérez; Torres Cintrón, Carlos R; Luna, Guillermo Tortolero; Zavala Zegarra, Diego E; Ryerson, A Blythe

2015-04-17

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and death in Puerto Rico. To set a baseline for identifying new trends and patterns of cancer incidence, Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry staff and CDC analyzed data from Puerto Rico included in U.S. Cancer Statistics (USCS) for 2007-2011, the most recent data available. This is the first report of invasive cancer incidence rates for 2007-2011 among Puerto Rican residents by sex, age, cancer site, and municipality. Cancer incidence rates in Puerto Rico were compared with those in the U.S. population for 2011. A total of 68,312 invasive cancers were diagnosed and reported in Puerto Rico during 2007-2011. The average annual incidence rate was 330 cases per 100,000 persons. The cancer sites with the highest cancer incidence rates included prostate (152), female breast (84), and colon and rectum (43). Cancer incidence rates varied by municipality, particularly for prostate, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum cancers. In 2011, cancer incidence rates in Puerto Rico were lower for all cancer sites and lung and bronchus, but higher for prostate and thyroid cancers, compared with rates within the U.S. Identifying these variations can aid evaluation of factors associated with high incidence, such as cancer screening practices, and development of targeted cancer prevention and control efforts. Public health professionals can monitor cancer incidence trends and use these findings to evaluate the impact of prevention efforts, such as legislation prohibiting tobacco use in the workplace and public places and the Puerto Rico Cessation Quitline in decreasing lung and other tobacco-related cancers.

Desarrollo y transformación de los puertos en Colombia. Un enfoque desde las competencias laborales

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Gabriel Arturo Henao Rendón

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En el contexto mundial, a comienzos del siglo XVI los puertos no distaban más de 50 millas náuticas unos de otros, al desarrollarse la navegación marítima, los barcos empezaron a recalar en puertos con mejores instalaciones y así se inició la tendencia a la concentración de la carga. En Colombia, la historia y desarrollo de los puertos se divide en cinco etapas, y podemos tomar como referencia el mismo siglo XVI para describir la primera.Abstract In the World context,at the beginning of the XVI century the ports weren´t farer than 50 nautical miles from each other,when the sea navigation was Developed, the ships started to move to other seaports that had better installations thus initiating the trend to concentrate the loading.In Colombia,the history and development of seaports is divided in 5 five stages,and we can refer it to the XVI century in order to describe the former.

Breast Cancer Epidemiology in Puerto Rico

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Nazario, Cruz M; Freudenheim, Jo

2008-01-01

This project has two mayor goals: to design and conduct a pilot case-control breast cancer study among Puerto Rican women, and to train and develop researchers in breast cancer at the University of Puerto Rico...

Desarrollo empresarial como eje transversal para la competitividad en el sector portuario Venezolano

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Ada Maritza Pérez Cárdenas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo Regional del Caribe Venezolano, está conformado por los principales puertos marítimos de Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello y La Guaira. Los cuales se encuentran ubicados en el eje Andino, que está constituido por cinco países: Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela. Donde promocionan un sistema de coordinación para la planificación estratégica de la integración física y sincronización de las actividades de comercio internacional. El Eje Andino se caracteriza por articular los principales aeropuertos internacionales y los puertos marítimos de los cinco países. Originando esto un punto estratégico para las negociaciones internacionales y el desarrollo económico social y cultural para lograr un impacto en las funciones comerciales.En Venezuela sus principales centros urbanos, lo componen las ciudades de Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo, Puerto La Cruz, Barcelona, Ciudad Guayana y San Cristóbal. Dentro del eje andino Venezuela es el punto de enlace ferroviario de Caracas con la red nacional, así como brindar apoyo a la negociación comercial en el eje fluvial Orinoco Apure.Palabras Clave: Desarrollo; Eje Transversal; Punto de Enlace. Business development as cross shaft for competitiveness in the port sectorAbstractThe development of the Venezuelan Caribbean Regional, is formed by. major seaports Maracaibo Puerto Cabello and La Guaira. Which are located in the Andean axis, which is formed by five countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Which promoted a system of coordination for the strategic planning of the integration of physical and disincronizacion international trade activities. The Andean axis is characterized by articulating the major international airports and seaports of the five countries.Causing it a strategic point for international negotiations in Venezuela the main urban centers, it comprises the cities of Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo, Puerto La Cruz, Barcelona, Ciudad Guayana and

Definición de indicadores para actividad portuaria, oceanografía, hidrología y geomorfología en zonas portuarias

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Osorio Arias Andrés F.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Los planes de monitoreo para puertos deben integrar continuamente las amenazas naturales a los que están expuestos, con el principal objetivo de minimizar los impactos am bientales que se pueden generar debido a contingencias, así como m onitorear permanentemente los movimientos de carga en el puerto que se constituyen en amenazas para los ecosistemas en casos de eventualidad. Es así como se llega a proponer variables de medición climática y atmosférica con el fin de que se asegure la operación de los puertos, en este sentido se plantearon monitoreos de la actividad portuaria, oceanografía, hidrología y geomorfología de la actividad portuaria.

Pobreza urbana, deterioro de la ciudad actual: el caso de Puerto Vallarta / Urban poverty, deterioration of the current city: the case of Puerto Vallarta

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Ramírez Barragán, Lorena Alejandra

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Puerto Vallarta es un claro ejemplo de ciudad donde ha prevalecido el interés por brindar una mejor y mayor oferta turística, sobre el de dar respuesta a las necesidades de infraestructura mínimas requeridas por su población, por lo que, el objetivo principal del presente proyecto de investigación ha sido la elaboración de un diagnóstico de la población urbana de pobreza extrema en Puerto Vallarta. La metodología realizada fue mediante prácticas de campo localizando en el polígono el número de hogares, y con base en una muestra aleatoria se seleccionaron las viviendas para la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas; encontrándose un notable desequilibrio en la planeación y organización de la ciudad; con un alto índice en el surgimiento de asentamientos irregulares, donde en la mayoría de los casos se carece de vialidades pavimentadas, suministro de agua potable, instalaciones de drenaje sanitario, suministro de energía eléctrica, alumbrado público y equipamiento urbano. Puerto Vallarta is a clear example of a city where the interest of bringing a bigger and better touristic offer has prevailed, over answering the minimal infrastructure requirements of its population; therefore, the main objective of this research project was the development of a diagnosis of the urban population in extreme poverty in Puerto Vallarta. The methodology was carried out through field practice locating in the polygon the number of households, and based on a random sample households for the implementation of surveys and interviews they were selected; finding the noticeable imbalance in the planning and organization of the city; with a high rate of appearance of irregular settlements, most of which lack paved roads, access to drinking water, wastewater installations, electrical power supply, street lighting and urban equipment.

Five-hole pitot probe measurements of swirl, confinement and nozzle effects on confined turbulent flow

Science.gov (United States)

Lilley, D. G.; Scharrer, G. L.

1984-01-01

The results of a time-mean flow characterization of nonswirling and swirling inert flows in a combustor are reported. The five-hole pitot probe technique was used in axisymmetric test sections with expansion ratios of 1 and 1.5. A prominent corner recirculation zone identified in nonswirling expanding flows decreased in size with swirling flows. The presence of a downstream nozzle led to an adverse pressure gradient at the wall and a favorable gradient near the centerline. Reducing the expansion ratio reduced the central recirculation length. No significant effect was introduced in the flowfield by a gradual expansion.

Necesidades académicas, personales, sociales y vocacionales de estudiantes internacionales e intercambio en la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras / Academic, Personal, Social and Vocational Needs of International and Exchange Students at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus

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Ángel A Villafañe Santiago

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Recibido 20 de setiembre de 2011 • Aceptado 24 de octubre de 2011 • Corregido 14 de noviembre de 2011 Resumen. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las necesidades de una muestra de estudiantes internacionales y de intercambio que cursan estudios en la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras. Se exploraron datos socio-demográficos así como las necesidades académicas, vocacionales, y personales/sociales, con los fines de recopilar información de relevancia para universidades que sirven esta población y someter recomendaciones que atiendan las necesidades. Los hallazgos revelaron necesidades mayormente en las áreas académicas y vocacionales. Entre estas, se destacan la necesidad de aprender inglés o español, y el conocer sobre internados y ofrecimientos académicos en Puerto Rico y fuera del país, sueldo y oportunidades de empleo, ayudas económicas y servicios estudiantiles en la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Se proveen recomendaciones para trabajar con las necesidades identificadas ya que, según establece la bibliografía, las dificultades que confrontan estos/as estudiantes pueden afectar su desempeño académico e incluso su salud emocional. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of a sample of the international and exchange students staying at the North Tower Residence of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Social and demographic data, as well as the academic, vocational, and social/personal needs were explored with the purpose of gathering relevant information and submitting recommendations to universities serving this student population. Findings revealed particular needs in the academic, vocational areas, including English or Spanish learning, information on internships and study programs in Puerto Rico or abroad, salary and employment opportunities, financial aid and services available to the students of this University. Recommendations are provided to work with the

Ropas americanas: Comercio, contrabando y compradores de ropa usada en la frontera de Corumbá, Brasil, y Puerto Quijarro, Bolivia

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ALBERO HERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la comercialización y venta de ropa usada en la frontera entre Bolivia y Brasil, la cual atraviesa un proceso de traslado por varios países, medios de transporte, contra - bando, reúsos y resignif icación de vestimentas. a f inales del siglo xx , el comercio de ropa usada adquiere mayor importancia con la incorporación de onG norteamericanas y europeas, quienes recaudan estas mercancías en calidad de donativos para reenviarlas y comercializarlas en países sudamericanos. l as ropas usadas realizan extensos recorridos hasta los puertos chilenos, para después iniciar un trayecto por tren, y otros medios de transporte, rumbo al este boliviano fronterizo con Brasil. Puerto Quijarro, Bolivia, y c orumbá, Brasil, representan una experiencia de intercambio cultural y comercial, donde el contrabando y la compra y venta de ropa usada son parte de su interacción cotidiana.

Micro manometer and pitot tube for measuring the velocity distribution in a natural convection water stream between two vertical parallel plates (1961)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santon, L.; Vernier, Ph.

1961-01-01

For heat transfer studies in certain cases of cooling in swimming-pool type nuclear reactors, a knowledge of the distribution of the velocities between two heating elements is of prime importance. A Pitot tube and a micro-manometer have been developed for making these measurements on an experimental model. (authors) [fr

78 FR 20887 - Approval of Subzone Status; Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-08

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [S-132-2012] Approval of Subzone Status; Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico On December 7, 2012, the Executive Secretary... activation limit of FTZ 7, on [[Page 20888

Plan estratégico del Puerto de Paita

OpenAIRE

Dávila Salazar, Javier Erwin; Morales Dávila, Eric Rubén; Pomar Hachimine, Cecilia Sofía; Santos Conde, Alina Liliana

2016-01-01

xix, 252 h. : il. ; 30 cm El presente estudio desarrolla el Plan Estratégico del Puerto de Paita con el objetivo de lograr posicionarlo dentro de los principales 25 puertos de contenedores de Latinoamérica. Los análisis realizados en base al modelo secuencial del proceso estratégico revelan que el puerto tiene importantes ventajas comparativas y competitivas que generan estrategias de tipo intensiva y de diversificación, cuya aplicación convertirá al Puerto de Paita en el principal eslabón...

Geographic distribution of risk of death due to homicide in Puerto Rico, 2001-2010 Distribución geográfica del riesgo de muerte por homicidio en Puerto Rico, 2001-2010

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Diego E. Zavala-Zegarra

2012-11-01

partir de los informes del Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (ICF, con sede en San Juan, Puerto Rico, sobre defunciones por violencia interpersonal. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de todos los incidentes de homicidio ocurridos en Puerto Rico informados por el ICF durante el período del 2001 al 2010. La edad, el sexo, el municipio del incidente, la fecha de muerte y el mecanismo fueron los datos analizados en cada uno de los 8 542 casos. Se calcularon las tasas brutas de mortalidad específicas de cada sexo y edad en Puerto Rico y en cada municipio, por año y durante el período de 10 años. Se calcularon también las tasas y los riesgos acumulados y se definieron como riesgo durante toda la vida. La distribución relativa de las tasas acumuladas para cada municipio se clasificó en cuartiles, del riesgo más alto al más bajo, y se ilustró en un mapa. RESULTADOS: El riesgo de muerte por homicidio en varones es 13 veces mayor que en mujeres. Las tasas más elevadas se observaron en hombres de 20 a 24 años de edad (198,4 homicidios por 100 000. Cualquiera que fuera el año escogido, en al menos 80% de los homicidios se utilizaron armas de fuego. En varones, el riesgo promedio de morir por homicidio durante toda la vida es de 1/34. CONCLUSIONES: Los jóvenes varones adultos con acceso a las armas de fuego están sometidos a un mayor riesgo de homicidio en Puerto Rico. Además, en los municipios muy urbanizados el riesgo es más alto; sin embargo, en ciertos municipios no urbanos de la costa también hay un riesgo de homicidio muy alto. Las máximas prioridades deben ser aplicar el "modelo ecológico" de la OMS para prevenir las lesiones violentas y establecer un sistema de vigilancia que ayude a determinar la función que desempeñan las condiciones socioeconómicas, el comercio ilegal de armas de fuego y el tráfico de drogas.

El Puerto de La Laja (Huelva, como Bien de Interés Cultural en la categoría de Sitio Histórico

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Emilio Romero Macías

2010-01-01

de sol y playa para el conocimiento de otras culturas y como plan dinamizador de zonas que han sido afectadas por el declive de la minería en nuestra provincia. Parte del poblado del Puerto de La Laja se encuentra actualmente rehabilitado para su explotación como turismo rural, por lo que la arquitectura en cierto modo ha tratado de conjuntar la antigua disposición de las casas con las mejoras realizadas para este tipo de uso.

Los insectos de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

J.A. Torres; S. Medina Gaud

1998-01-01

This paper is a brief summary of the natural history and importance of the insects of Puerto Rico. We briefly discuss the orders of insects present in Puerto Rico and some of their families. Where possible, we have tried to avoid technical terms for better comprehension of a general audience. We present the observations or characteristics of insects that humans admire...

A Chronological History of Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Tovar, Federico Ribes

This book presents a chronological history of Puerto Rico from prehistory and discovery through December of 1972. It includes information on the persons and events that influenced the course of Puerto Rican history. A table of contents and a selective index are included. (Author/AM)

El proyecto Cartagena Puerto de Culturas :un ejemplo de intervención del fondo europeo de desarrollo regional

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Yolanda López Vera

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La Unión Europea recurre a la colaboración económica para homogeneizar las diferencias regionales que existen entre los países miembros, así dispone de Fondos Estructurales a través de los cuales canaliza su ayuda financiera para la resolución de problemas estructurales de índole económico y social. Constituyen una prioridad en la política de cohesión europea, de hecho, dos tercios de los créditos de los Fondos Estructurales (es decir, más de 135.000 millones de euros se destinan a la recuperación de las regiones más desfavorecidas. Uno de los agentes principales es el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER que, utilizado como instrumento financiero para el desarrollo regional de los países miembros de la UE, ha sido benefactor y dinamizador de España como región preferente para la ejecución de sus ayudas. En este sentido, ha colaborado con el Proyecto Cartagena Puerto de Culturas desarrollado en la provincia de Murcia, subvencionando su realización durante el período 2001-2004. Cartagena Puerto de Culturas es un proyecto puesto en marcha sobre la base de un conjunto de recursos patrimoniales histórico-culturales que la ciudad de Cartagena posee, que la consolidan como destino turístico y que enriquecen la oferta cultural de la Región de Murcia.

The Puerto Rico Healthcare Crisis.

Science.gov (United States)

Roman, Jesse

2015-12-01

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is an organized nonincorporated territory of the United States with a population of more than 3.5 million U.S. citizens. The island has been the focus of much recent attention due to the recent default on its debt (estimated at more than $70 billion), high poverty rates, and increasing unemployment. Less attention, however, has been given to the island's healthcare system, which many believe is on the verge of collapsing. Healthcare makes up 20% of the Puerto Rican economy, and this crisis affects reimbursement rates for physicians while promoting the disintegration of the island's healthcare infrastructure. A major contributor relates to a disparity in federal funding provided to support the island's healthcare system when compared with that provided to the states in the mainland and Hawaii. Puerto Rico receives less federal funding for healthcare than the other 50 states and the District of Columbia even though it pays its share of social security and Medicare taxes. To make matters worse, the U.S. Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services is planning soon to implement another 11% cut in Medical Advantage reimbursements. This disparity in support for healthcare is considered responsible for ∼$25 billion of Puerto Rico's total debt. The impact of these events on the health of Puerto Ricans in the island cannot be entirely predicted, but the loss of healthcare providers and diminished access to care are a certainty, and quality care will suffer, leading to serious implications for those with chronic medical disorders including respiratory disease.

Definición de indicadores para actividad portuaria, oceanografía, hidrología y geomorfología en zonas portuarias.

OpenAIRE

Osorio Arias, Andrés Fernando; Ortega Arango, Santiago; Agudelo Restrepo, Pablo

2010-01-01

Los planes de monitoreo para puertos deben integrar continuamente las amenazas naturales a los que están expuestos, con el principal objetivo de minimizar los impactos am bientales que se pueden generar debido a contingencias, así como m onitorear permanentemente los movimientos de carga en el puerto que se constituyen en amenazas para los ecosistemas en casos de eventualidad. Es así como se llega a proponer variables de medición climática y atmosférica con el fin de que se asegure la operaci...

Puerto Rican Women in International Business: Myths and Realities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maritza Soto

1999-08-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to study Puerto Rican women in international management, specifically with respect to the perceptions and myths regarding their participation in international assignments, their application in our culture, as well as, to study the factors that affect the participation of Puerto Rican women in international business. The results obtained indicate: 1 the current myths regarding Puerto Rican women in international business positions; 2 factors that influence when considering Puerto Rican women for international business positions and; 3 organizational units and departments where women currently hold positions in international assignments. Although there have been previous studies regarding women in management, there are none regarding Puerto Rican women's participation in international business assignments.

Estudio de la prevalencia de trastorno mental grave (TMG en los centros penitenciarios de Puerto I, II y III del Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz: nuevas estrategias en la asistencia psiquiátrica en las prisiones Study of the prevalence of severe mental disorder in the penitentiaries Puerto I, II and III of Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz: new strategies of psychiatric care in prison

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Marín-Basallote

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Se pretende estudiar la prevalencia de TMG (trastorno mental grave en los internos recluidos en las tres prisiones de Cádiz (España que solicitaron asistencia psiquiátrica. Material y método: Estudio transversal que analiza la demanda asistencial psiquiátrica en los centros penitenciarios de Puerto I, II y III del Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz durante un año. Resultados: Se estudian 128 pacientes. Los diagnósticos psiquiátricos más prevalentes fueron los trastornos de personalidad (F60-69 (35.2%, el grupo de esquizofrenia, trastorno esquizotípico y trastorno de ideas delirantes (F20-29 (25.8% y los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento debidos al consumo de sustancias psicótropas (F10-19 (16.4%. El 46.1% corresponden a trastornos mentales graves (TMG. Discusión: Se confirma que hay una alta prevalencia de TMG en los presos de Cádiz, por lo que se precisa una elevada asignación de recursos para atender este grupo de enfermedades.Introduction: In recent years it has been observed that there is a high level of severe mental disorder within the Spanish prison system. Methods and Materials: A one year descriptive and transversal study of the psychiatric health care demand in the prisons Puerto I, II and III of Puerto de Santa Maria (Cadiz. Results: Of the 128 patients studied, the psychiatric diagnostics with highest prevalence were personality disorders (F60-69 at 35.16%, the next group was psychosis (F20-29 at 25.78%, and in third place mental and behaviour disorders due to use of psychotropic substances (F10-19 at 16.41%. 46.09% suffered conditions which are categorised as severe mental disorders. Discussion: This study confirms the high levels of severe mental disorder in prisons located in the area of the Puerto Real Hospital. We are making efforts to improve on psychiatric health care provided to these patients by working closely with the Prison system.

Comparison of measured and computed pitot pressures in a leading edge vortex from a delta wing

Science.gov (United States)

Murman, Earll M.; Powell, Kenneth G.

1987-01-01

Calculations are presented for a 75-deg swept flat plate wing tested at a freestream Mach number of 1.95 and 10 degrees angle of attack. Good agreement is found between computational data and previous experimental pitot pressure measurements in the core of the vortex, suggesting that the total pressure losses predicted by the Euler equation solvers are not errors, but realistic predictions. Data suggest that the magnitude of the total pressure loss is related to the circumferential velocity field through the vortex, and that it increases with angle of attack and varies with Mach number and sweep angle.

Pitot survey of exhaust flow field of a 2-D scramjet nozzle at Mach 6 with air or freon and argon used for exhaust simulation

Science.gov (United States)

Monta, William J.

1992-01-01

A pitot-rake survey of the simulated exhaust of a half-span scramjet nozzle model was conducted in the Langley 20-Inch Mach 6 Tunnel to provide an additional data set for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code comparisons. A wind-tunnel model was tested with a 26-tube pitot rake that could be manually positioned along the mid-semispan plane of the model. The model configuration had an external expansion surface of 20 degrees and an internal cowl expansion of 12 degrees; tests were also performed with a flow fence. Tests were conducted at a free-stream Reynolds number of approximately 6.5 x 10(exp 6) per foot and a model angle of attack of -0.75 degrees. The two exhaust gas mediums that were tested were air and a Freon 12-argon mixture. Each medium was tested at two jet total pressures at approximately 28 and 14 psia. This document presents the flow-field survey results in graphical as well as tabular form, and several observations concerning the results are discussed. The surveys reveal the major expected flow-field characteristics for each test configuration. For a 50-percent freon 12 and 50-percent argon mixture by volume (Fr-Ar), the exhaust jet pressures were slightly higher than those for air. The addition of a flow fence slightly raised the pitot pressure for the Fr-Ar mixture, but it produced little change for air. For the Fr-Ar exhaust, the plume was larger and the region between the shock wave and plume was smaller.

Are estimates of wind characteristics based on measurements with Pitot tubes and GNSS receivers mounted on consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles applicable in meteorological studies?

Science.gov (United States)

Niedzielski, Tomasz; Skjøth, Carsten; Werner, Małgorzata; Spallek, Waldemar; Witek, Matylda; Sawiński, Tymoteusz; Drzeniecka-Osiadacz, Anetta; Korzystka-Muskała, Magdalena; Muskała, Piotr; Modzel, Piotr; Guzikowski, Jakub; Kryza, Maciej

2017-09-01

The objective of this paper is to empirically show that estimates of wind speed and wind direction based on measurements carried out using the Pitot tubes and GNSS receivers, mounted on consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), may accurately approximate true wind parameters. The motivation for the study is that a growing number of commercial and scientific UAV operations may soon become a new source of data on wind speed and wind direction, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The feasibility study was carried out within an isolated mountain meadow of Polana Izerska located in the Izera Mountains (SW Poland) during an experiment which aimed to compare wind characteristics measured by several instruments: three UAVs (swinglet CAM, eBee, Maja) equipped with the Pitot tubes and GNSS receivers, wind speed and direction meters mounted at 2.5 and 10 m (mast), conventional weather station and vertical sodar. The three UAVs performed seven missions along spiral-like trajectories, most reaching 130 m above take-off location. The estimates of wind speed and wind direction were found to agree between UAVs. The time series of wind speed measured at 10 m were extrapolated to flight altitudes recorded at a given time so that a comparison was made feasible. It was found that the wind speed estimates provided by the UAVs on a basis of the Pitot tube/GNSS data are in agreement with measurements carried out using dedicated meteorological instruments. The discrepancies were recorded in the first and last phases of UAV flights.

33 CFR 165.755 - Safety Zone; Guayanilla, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Zone; Guayanilla, Puerto Rico (a) The following area is established as a safety zone during the... the Eco-Electrica waterfront facility in Guayanilla Bay, Puerto Rico. The safety zone remains in... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Safety Zone; Guayanilla, Puerto...

Colostomía laparoscópica por puerto único con técnica de guante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José L. Rodicio Miravalles

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La cirugía por puerto único con técnica de guante (glove port es un abordaje adecuado al momento económico y tecnológico que vivimos. Entre las intervenciones susceptibles de su aplicación está la realización de colostomías. Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y resultados de los pacientes a los que se realizó colostomía por puerto único con técnica de guante, a lo largo de los años 2011 y 2012, en dos hospitales de Asturias, España. Realizamos seis colostomías sigmoideas. Cuatro pacientes presentaban enfermedad tumoral, otro caso fue por una fascitis necrosante perineal, y el sexto un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn y fístulas perianales complejas. La edad media de los pacientes, cuatro hombres y dos mujeres, fue de 54 años (rango 42-67 años. El tiempo medio de intervención fue de 42 minutos (rango 30-65 minutos. No hubo complicaciones durante la cirugía ni en el postoperatorio. En nuestro medio, el gasto en material se redujo a la mitad con respecto a otros dispositivos convencionales de puerto único. La técnica de guante representa el abordaje por puerto único más económico y mínimamente invasivo para la realización de estomas, siendo en nuestra experiencia una técnica sencilla, segura y fácilmente reproducible.

Impacto de la actividad turística sobre la urbanización y los recursos naturales. Caso Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natasha Molina

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La urbanización es un proceso territorial y sociodemográfico que se centra en grupos de habitantes que realizan diferentes actividades, lo que induce a una transformación radical en diferentes aspectos socioeconómicos, culturales y ambientales; propiciando la degradación de los ecosistemas naturales, este último ligado al cambio de uso de suelo. México cuenta con 117 puertos y terminales portuarios, en su mayoría se encuentran estrechamente ligados a asentamientos humanos que se benefician directa o indirectamente del puerto, debido a la gran disponibilidad de recursos naturales y del aprovechamiento económico que podría efectuarse en los mismos. En el caso de Puerto Vallarta, el cual constituye uno de los puntos clave de escala entre las rutas de cruceros del Pacífico Norte de América; esto ha contribuido a su desarrollo y expansión. El apogeo que tuvo este puerto se debió al interés gubernamental en crear las condiciones de infraestructura para que los turistas tuvieran pleno desarrollo de sus actividades y cumplir con las demandas que la actividad turística necesitaba abastecer. El crecimiento acelerado de la mancha urbana y la falta de planeación del puerto dieron inicio a afectaciones en aspectos socioambientales, factor principal en la pérdida del objetivo clave en materia del plan de desarrollo turístico.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry in Northwest Puerto Rico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Block, A.M.; Clements, R.G.; Rosa, L.I.; Santos, F.

1975-01-01

In October, 1973, the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority sought the initiation of studies aimed at determining background radiological characteristics of the northwestern quadrant of Puerto Rico using thermoluminescent dosemeters. Some of the studies were required for supporting data for the environmental report submitted as part of the licensing procedure in the establishment of thermonuclear electric power generation facilities in Barrio Islote, Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Previous studies of radiological characteristics of the area had been made using sodium iodide sensing equipment in an airplane flying at an altitude of 500 ft. The results are expressed in counts per second, and provide useful comparative levels for radioactivity measured with the thermoluminescent detectors. (U.S.)

Transformaciones alimentarias en Puerto Vallarta, México Mudancas alimentares em Puerto Vallarta, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Ávila

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Puerto Vallarta está situada na costa meridional do Pacífico mexicano, destino turístico considerado de grande prestígio. Além disso, é também reconhecida pela sua qualidade de sua cozinha, vista como gourmet. Entretanto, a alta gastronomia é apenas uma parte da vasta diversidade de culinárias que se oferecem nessa cidade-porto, um resultado das profundas mudanças sociais ali transcorridas nas últimas três décadas. O texto oferece uma breve explanação da introdução e evolução de alguns usos alimentares em Puerto Vallarta, expondo também uma articulação com o contexto local, analisando o abastecimento, a composição alimentar e seus ritmos. Nesse sentido, questiona-se a existência de um modelo alimentar local justaposto às fortes influências exógenas e que teria poucos vínculos com uma possível identidade cultural da população local.Puerto Vallarta, located on the Mexican Pacific coast, is now a prestigious tourist destination. It is also considered a venue for gourmet cooks, due to the elaborate variety of gastronomy available. Nevertheless, what meets the eye is only part of a motley crowd of culinary possibilities that emerge simultaneously in this port, which in turn are the result of the giddy social change of the last three decades. The following text gives a brief explanation of the historic evolution of Puerto Vallarta regarding the introduction of different culinary traditions; it explores the perceptions of local inhabitants of these gastronomic innovations; these perceptions are duly related to a supposed local cultural ethos; and finally it proposes that the juxtaposition of what is on offer gastronomically is an extension of certain ‘food models’ and the development of a new socio-cultural identity.Situado en la costa meridional del Pacífico mexicano, Puerto Vallarta es un sitio turístico prestigiado, y es también considerado un destino de cocina gourmet. Sin embargo, la alta gastronomía es s

El tránsito de argelinos por el puerto de Alicante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan David Sempere Souvannavong

2000-01-01

Full Text Available La larga relación que durante siglos ha mantenido Alicante con Argelia (especialmente con la ciudad de Orán se reduce en la actualidad a meros intercambios privados y comerciales a través de la línea marítima que une ambas ciudades. Esta línea conoce sin embargo un considerable auge cuyas causas se derivan de la crisis en Argelia: el cierre de la frontera con Marruecos y el aumento de las exportaciones de productos de consumo hacia este país. Esta coyuntura ha multiplicado el número tanto de argelinos que pasan por el puerto de Alicante para ir o volver a sus regiones de origen como el de los que vienen a abastecerse de productos de consumo en el creciente número de bazares que hay en el centro de la ciudad. Con todo ello el puerto y la ciudad de Alicante han adquirido un protagonismo importante en la movilidad de argelinos entre Europa y el Norte África, un protagonismo sin duda comparable con el nuevo papel que España está jugando en el sistema migratorio mediterráneo

Analysis of Applicability of Flow Averaging Pitot Tubes in the Areas of Flow Disturbance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pochwała Sławomir

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The issues connected with the complex design of various facilities, including up-to-date boiler equipment as well as the ways of organizing the space around them, are the reasons why there is often a lack of room for mounting a flowmeter in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers. In most cases the problem is associated with ensuring sufficient lengths of straight pipe leading into and out of a flowmeter. When this condition cannot be fulfilled, the uncertainty of measurement increases above the value guaranteed by the manufacturer of the flowmeter. This sort of operation problem has encouraged the authors of this paper to undertake research aimed at the analysis of applicability of averaging Pitot tubes in the areas of flow disturbance.

29 CFR 510.20 - Wage surveys in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINIMUM WAGE PROVISIONS OF THE 1989 AMENDMENTS TO THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT IN PUERTO... qualify for an extended minimum wage phase-in, the government of Puerto Rico would be required to furnish... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Wage surveys in Puerto Rico. 510.20 Section 510.20 Labor...

Sexual Prejudice among Puerto Rican young adults

Science.gov (United States)

Bauermeister, José A.; Morales, Mercedes M.; Seda, Gretchen; González-Rivera, Milagritos

2014-01-01

Sexual prejudice is linked to hate crimes, mental health, risk behaviors, and stigma. Few studies have examined sexual prejudice among Latinos. We surveyed 382 college students in Puerto Rico. A structural model tested whether contact and positive experiences with homosexuals, perceived similarities with peers' attitudes toward homosexuality, and religiosity were predictive of sexual prejudice among Puerto Rican young adults. Sex differences in the structural model were explored. With the exception of peers' attitudes toward homosexuality, all study variables predict sexual prejudice. No sex differences were found. Implications for decreasing sexual prejudice among Puerto Rican youth in a college setting are discussed. PMID:18689195

Análisis comparativo de la situación actual de los puertos secos en tres contextos diferentes: Colombia, México, España

OpenAIRE

Rozo Alvarado, Jonathan Efrain

2013-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar y comparar Puertos Secos en tres países diferentes: Colombia, México y España; y con ello determinar las claves o herramientas para el éxito de estos. Para esto, la investigación se llevó a cabo a nivel documental y teórico, abarcando desde documentos de investigación académicos y de entidades supranacionales, hasta documentos de carácter legislativo de diferente orden, para los tres países de estudio, incluyendo estudios privados y herramient...

Measurement of mass flux in two-phase flow using combinations of Pitot tubes and gamma densitometers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hau, K.F.F.L.; Banerjee, S.

1981-01-01

New experimental data indicate that mass flux in cocurrent gas-liquid flows may be determined by the use of Pitot tubes in conjunction with a local mixture density measurement technique. The data were taken over a wide range of flow regimes in a horizontal pipe and included separated patterns such as stratified and annular flows. Local mixture densities were obtained by a computer-assisted algebraic reconstruction technique that used chordal average densities measured by traversing gamma beam attenuation. The results extend the applicability of this mass flux measurement technique well beyond the relatively homogeneous, high-pressure, steam-water flow situations originally studied by S. Banerjee and D.M. Nguyen. 13 refs

Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Claudio-Campos, Karla; Orengo-Mercado, Carmelo; Renta, Jessicca Y.; Peguero, Muriel; García, Ricardo; Hernández, Gabriel; Corey, Susan; Cadilla, Carmen L.; Duconge, Jorge

2016-01-01

Puerto Ricans are a unique Hispanic population with European, Native American (Taino), and higher West African ancestral contributions than other non-Caribbean Hispanics. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans, genetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from studies conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the results. The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland (United States). We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy in the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated. Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the island are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode for members of the CYP450 family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) are also available due to their relevance in the metabolism of drugs. The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations (Africans, East Asians, and Europeans). The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward the adoption of personalized medicine in the island. PMID:26501165

Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Claudio-Campos, Karla; Orengo-Mercado, Carmelo; Renta, Jessicca Y; Peguero, Muriel; García, Ricardo; Hernández, Gabriel; Corey, Susan; Cadilla, Carmen L; Duconge, Jorge

2015-12-01

Puerto Ricans are a unique Hispanic population with European, Native American (Taino), and higher West African ancestral contributions than other non-Caribbean Hispanics. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans, genetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from studies conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the results. The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland (United States). We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy in the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated. Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the island are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode for members of the CYP450 family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) are also available due to their relevance in the metabolism of drugs. The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations (Africans, East Asians, and Europeans). The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward the adoption of personalized medicine in the island.

Redes multimodales y articulación territorial del puerto de Guaymas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Martner

2002-01-01

Full Text Available La apertura comercial y la globalización de los procesos productivos han afectado notablemente el desarrollo de los puertos mexicanos, así como sus formas de articulación territorial. Pocos presentan un notable dinamismo, mientras que la mayoría muestra cuadros de contracción en los flujos y desestructuración de sus vínculos espaciales previos. En ese contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo conocer, en una primera aproximación, el impacto de la creación de redes multimodales en las formas de articulación territorial de un puerto que tradicionalmente ha tenido una fuerte presencia regional en el noroeste de México, como es el caso de Guaymas, en Sonora. Desde la perspectiva empírica, se analiza la problemática que enfrenta el puerto para articular en redes multimodales eficaces las cadenas de productos tradicionales en el noroeste de México, así como las cadenas de bienes intermedios de las industrias más dinámicas y globalizadas de la región. Desde la perspectiva teórica y conceptual, se pretende contribuir al estudio de la desestructuración de los territorios-zona (Veltz, 1994 o ?espacios de lugar? ( Castells, 1996, caracterizados por relaciones de proximidad, de continuidad y de relativa cohesión interna, debido a la emergencia del llamado ?espacio de flujos? (Castells, 1996, propio de la actual fase de globalización de los procesos productivos y sociales, caracterizado por una integración discontinua, fragmentada y selectiva del territorio, que se apoya en nodos y redes de gran alcance.

Post-1898 Imaginative Geographies: Puerto Rico Migration in 1950s Film

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Cynthia Tolentino

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This essay studies cultural representations of Puerto Rico’s economic boom and 1952 shift in legal status to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It suggests that apprehending these events requires the reframing of Puerto Rican migration as global phenomena. Drawing on the historical and cultural scholarship on Puerto Rican migration, Operation Bootstrap, and US empire, Tolentino analyzes the famous musical film West Side Story (1961, but also the Hollywood film Sabrina (1954 and Island productions El Otro Camino (The Other Road, 1955 and Maruja (1958. In contrast to prevailing views, she interprets these films as narratives about migration and modernization that engage the discourse of sentimental modernization, the figure of the jíbaro, and the idea of small town Puerto Rico. In so doing, they reveal the global vision at the center of the Operation Bootstrap development plan and Commonwealth formation. The concluding section suggests how the films take up issues in Puerto Rico’s historiography. Rather than merely illuminating a forgotten historical period of 1950s Puerto Rico, the 1950s films negotiate Puerto Rico’s geographical, political, and cultural locations by rethinking institutionalized meanings of 1898 in discourses of Puerto Rico historiography and US empire. Proposing new ways of interpreting the introduction of the Commonwealth in 1952 makes possible the revision of dominant conceptions of 1898 rooted in nation, government, and constitutional law.

Land Use, Conservation, Forestry, and Agriculture in Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William A. Gould

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Global food security concerns emphasize the need for sustainable agriculture and local food production. In Puerto Rico, over 80 percent of food is imported, and local production levels have reached historical lows. Efforts to increase local food production are driven by government agencies, non-government organizations, farmers, and consumers. Integration of geographic information helps plan and balance the reinvention and invigoration of the agriculture sector while maintaining ecological services. We used simple criteria that included currently protected lands and the importance of slope and forest cover in protection from erosion to identify land well-suited for conservation, agriculture and forestry in Puerto Rico. Within these categories we assessed U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA farmland soils classification data, lands currently in agricultural production, current land cover, and current land use planning designations. We found that developed lands occupy 13 percent of Puerto Rico; lands well-suited for conservation that include protected areas, riparian buffers, lands surrounding reservoirs, wetlands, beaches, and salt flats, occupy 45 percent of Puerto Rico; potential working lands encompass 42 percent of Puerto Rico. These include lands well-suited for mechanized and non-mechanized agriculture, such as row and specialty crops, livestock, dairy, hay, pasture, and fruits, which occupy 23 percent of Puerto Rico; and areas suitable for forestry production, such as timber and non-timber products, agroforestry, and shade coffee, which occupy 19 percent of Puerto Rico.

40 CFR 81.77 - Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) DESIGNATION OF AREAS FOR AIR QUALITY PLANNING PURPOSES Designation of Air Quality Control Regions § 81.77 Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region. The Puerto Rico Air Quality Control Region...

Acción social y áreas naturales protegidas: refuncionalizacion de recursos en Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian Vilchis Onofre Alejandro

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Este artigo é o resultado de um trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a ação social que ocorreu em Puerto Morelos, para defender os seus recursos e seus efeitos sobre a utilização do recife. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de agosto de 2009 a maio de 2010, durante as quais foram coletadas e analisadas informações sobre o registro, além de um trabalho de campo visita a Puerto Morelos, que entrevistou os principais envolvidos na ação social, bem como alguns dos primeiros habitantes da comunidade, com base teórico-metodológicas autores como Catells (2004, Touraine (1992 e Melucci (1999,2002.

Transnational Mortality Comparisons Between Archipelago and Mainland Puerto Ricans.

Science.gov (United States)

Colón-Ramos, Uriyoán; Rodríguez-Ayuso, Idania; Gebrekristos, Hirut T; Roess, Amira; Pérez, Cynthia M; Simonsen, Lone

2017-10-01

Puerto Ricans in the US experience higher deaths from diabetes and other causes compared to non-Hispanic Whites and other Hispanic groups. We compared mortality in Puerto Rico to that of Puerto Ricans in the US as a first step to investigate if similar or worse mortality patterns originate from the sending country (Puerto Rico). Age-adjusted death rates were generated using national vital statistics databases in the US and territories for all-cause and the top ten causes of death among Hispanics in 2009. Mortality ratios in the archipelago of Puerto Rico (APR) were compared to mainland US Puerto Ricans (MPR). Rates for other ethnic/racial groups (Mexican Americans, Cubans, and non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, American Indians, and Asians) were calculated to provide a context. APR had significantly higher all-cause mortality and death rates for diabetes, nephritis, pneumonia/influenza, and homicide/assault compared to MPR (APR/MPR ratio for all-cause: 1.08, diabetes: 2.04, nephritis: 1.84, pneumonia/influenza: 1.33, homicide/assault: 3.15). Death rates for diabetes and homicide/assault (particularly among men) were higher among APR compared to any other racial/ethnic groups in the US. In contrast, deaths from heart disease, cancer, and chronic liver disease were significantly lower for APR compared to MPR (MPR/APR ratio 0.72, 0.91, 0.41, respectively). Among APR women, death rates for these causes were also lower compared to any other group in the US. Substantial mortality variability exists between Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and those in the US, re-emphasizing the need to study of how socio-environmental determinants of health differ in sending and receiving countries. Explanations for disparate rates include access to and availability of healthcare and unique factors related to the migration experience of this group.

Oportunidades y Retos Metodológicos en Investigaciones de Salud en el Contexto Carcelario de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Previdi, Irene Lafarga; Guzzi Vasques, Ana C.; Varas-Díaz, Nelson; Albizu García, Carmen E.

2017-01-01

Resumen La población carcelaria de Puerto Rico en 2013 se compone de aproximadamente 13,000 personas. En la literatura no se encuentran documentos que describan los facilitadores y las limitaciones para realizar estudios relacionados con la salud mental en las cárceles. El artículo es una reflexión en torno a situaciones que facilitan o retan la investigación en cárceles según identificaron los/las miembros del equipo de investigación de un proyecto cuyo objetivo era validar una escala para medir estrés en los confinados. En este artículo presentamos elementos facilitadores y retantes del trabajo investigativo en prisión, que sirven para afrontar los retos que presenta este escenario particular. Estas verbalizaciones pueden servir de guía para futuras investigaciones con la población penal. Los hallazgos y recomendaciones preparan al grupo de investigación para afrontar los retos que presenta este escenario particular y a saber cómo maximizar los facilitadores para obtener productos satisfactorios. PMID:28316510

Wind-tunnel calibration of a combined pitot-static tube and vane-type flow-angularity indicator at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01

Science.gov (United States)

Sinclair, Archibald R; Mace, William D

1956-01-01

A limited calibration of a combined pitot-static tube and vane-type flow-angularity indicator has been made in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at Mach numbers of 1.61 and 2.01. The results indicated that the angle-of-yaw indications were affected by unsymmetric shock effects at low angles of attack.

Post-1898 Imaginative Geographies: Puerto Rico Migration in 1950s Film

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cynthia Tolentino

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This essay studies cultural representations of Puerto Rico’s economic boom and 1952 shift in legal status to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It suggests that apprehending these events requires the reframing of Puerto Rican migration as global phenomena. Drawing on the historical and cultural scholarship on Puerto Rican migration, Operation Bootstrap, and US empire, Tolentino analyzes the famous musical film West Side Story (1961, but also the Hollywood film Sabrina (1954 and Island productions El Otro Camino (The Other Road, 1955 and Maruja (1958. In contrast to prevailing views, she interprets these films as narratives about migration and modernization that engage the discourse of sentimental modernization, the figure of the jíbaro, and the idea of small town Puerto Rico. In so doing, they reveal the global vision at the center of the Operation Bootstrap development plan and Commonwealth formation. The concluding section suggests how the films take up issues in Puerto Rico’s historiography. Rather than merely illuminating a forgotten historical period of 1950s Puerto Rico, the 1950s films negotiate Puerto Rico’s geographical, political, and cultural locations by rethinking institutionalized meanings of 1898 in discourses of Puerto Rico historiography and US empire. Proposing new ways of interpreting the introduction of the Commonwealth in 1952 makes possible the revision of dominant conceptions of 1898 rooted in nation, government, and constitutional law.

7 CFR 318.13-24 - Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico. 318.13-24 Section 318... Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-24 Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico. Sweet potatoes from Puerto Rico may be moved interstate to Atlantic Coast ports north of and including Baltimore, MD, under...

Puerto Rican Women in International Business: Myths and Realities

OpenAIRE

Maritza Soto

1999-01-01

The purpose of this article is to study Puerto Rican women in international management, specifically with respect to the perceptions and myths regarding their participation in international assignments, their application in our culture, as well as, to study the factors that affect the participation of Puerto Rican women in international business. The results obtained indicate: 1) the current myths regarding Puerto Rican women in international business positions; 2) factors that influence when...

Puerto Rico and Florida manatees represent genetically distinct groups

Science.gov (United States)

Hunter, Margaret E.; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Tucker, Kimberly Pause; King, Timothy L.; Bonde, Robert K.; Gray, Brian A.; McGuire, Peter M.

2012-01-01

The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) populations in Florida (T. m. latirostris) and Puerto Rico (T. m. manatus) are considered distinct subspecies and are listed together as endangered under the United States Endangered Species Act. Sustained management and conservation efforts for the Florida subspecies have led to the suggested reclassification of the species to a threatened or delisted status. However, the two populations are geographically distant, morphologically distinct, and habitat degradation and boat strikes continue to threaten the Puerto Rico population. Here, 15 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control region sequences were used to determine the relatedness of the two populations and investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeographic organization of the Puerto Rico population. Highly divergent allele frequencies were identified between Florida and Puerto Rico using microsatellite (F ST = 0.16; R ST = 0.12 (P ST = 0.66; Φ ST = 0.50 (P E = 0.45; NA = 3.9), were similar, but lower than those previously identified in Florida (HE = 0.48, NA = 4.8). Within Puerto Rico, the mitochondrial genetic diversity values (π = 0.001; h = 0.49) were slightly lower than those previously reported (π = 0.002; h = 0.54) and strong phylogeographic structure was identified (F ST global = 0.82; Φ ST global = 0.78 (P population size (N = 250), and distinct threats and habitat emphasize the need for separate protections in Puerto Rico. Conservation efforts including threat mitigation, migration corridors, and protection of subpopulations could lead to improved genetic variation in the endangered Puerto Rico manatee population.

Vallekas, Puerto de Mar. (Elísabeth Lorenzi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Llera Arnanz

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La obra que aquí se presenta tiene como núcleo de análisis una controvertida fiesta popular que tiene lugar anualmente en el madrileño barrio de Vallecas: la Batalla Naval. El libro “ Vallekas,Puerto de Mar”, de Elisabeth Lorenzi, es fruto de una reelaboración de su tesis doctoral, investigación que ha llevado a cabo durante varios años, y constituye una interesante aportación a la antropología urbana. Esta celebración popular y autoorganizada consiste en una divertida guerra de agua de todos contra todos. Considerada aquí como ritual performat ivo, le sirve de hilo para hilvanar tres Historias (con mayúsculas: la propia historia urbana y social del distrito, la de los movimientos sociales implicados en el mismo y la de la Batalla Naval.

78 FR 3495 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00017

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-16

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13437 and 13438] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00017 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Administrative declaration of a disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Dated 01/03/2013. Incident: Heavy...

75 FR 51294 - Puerto Rico Disaster # PR-00010

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-19

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12270 and 12271] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00010 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Administrative declaration of a disaster for the Commonwealth of PUERTO RICO dated 08/11/2010. Incident: Severe...

75 FR 69733 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00012

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-15

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12368 and 12369] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00012 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico...

78 FR 4966 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00018

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-23

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13445 and 13446] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00018 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Administrative declaration of a disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico dated 01/10/2013. Incident: Tropical...

Labbtex: Toolbox para generación de informes en LATEX para Matlab

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Almazán Gárate

2012-10-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el software desarrollado por el Equipo H3lite dentro del Departamento de Ingeneniería Civil. Transportes de la Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid para la generación de informes enLATEX mediante el software Matlab® y la integración en sus rutinas, Labbtex.La librería Labbtex proporciona un marco flexible para mezclar texto y código Matlab® para la generación automática de documentos. Un rchivo fuente simple contiene el texto de documentación y el código Matlab, al correr la aplicación se genera un documento final LATEX que contiene el texto, gráficos y tablas indicados con el formato de un documento LATEX. El código Matlab genera un documento LATEX usando la sintaxis. Así, LATEX (para composición de texto de alta calidad y Matlab® (para cálculo matemático pueden usarse simultáneamente. Esto permite la generación de informes en tiempo real con un uso de recursos mínimo.

75 FR 39060 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00009

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-07

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12214 and 12215] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00009 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-1919-DR...

76 FR 55155 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00014

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-06

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12768 and 12769] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00014 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4017-DR), dated 08/ 27/2011...

75 FR 68394 - Puerto Rico Disaster # PR-00012

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-05

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Disaster Declaration 12368 and 12369 Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00012 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA--1946--DR...

76 FR 55154 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00015

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-06

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12770 and 12771] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00015 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4017-DR...

76 FR 44647 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00013

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-26

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12699 and 12700] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00013 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4004-DR...

76 FR 66768 - Puerto Rico Disaster #PR-00016

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-27

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12897 and 12898] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00016 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4040-DR), dated 10/ 18/2011...

Evaluation of a Pitot type spirometer in helium/oxygen mixtures.

Science.gov (United States)

Søndergaard, S; Kárason, S; Lundin, S; Stenqvist, O

1998-08-01

Mixtures of helium and oxygen are regaining a place in the treatment of obstruction of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The parenchymal changes during the course of IRDS or ARDS may also benefit from the reintroduction of helium/oxygen. In order to monitor and document the effect of low-density gas mixtures, we evaluated the Datex AS/3 Side Stream Spirometry module with D-lite (Datex-Engstrom Instrumentarium Corporation, Finland) against two golden standards. Under conditions simulating controlled and spontaneous ventilation with gas mixtures of He (approx. 80, 50, and 20%)/O2 or N2(approx. 21 and 79%)/02, simultaneous measurements using Biotek Ventilator Tester (Bio-Tek Instr., Vermont, USA) or body plethysmograph (SensorMedics System, Anaheim, USA) were correlated with data from the spirometry module. Data were analyzed according to a statistical regression model resulting in a best-fit equation based on density, voltage, and volume measurements. As expected, the D-lite (a modified Pitot tube) showed density-dependent behaviour. Regression equations and percentage deviation of estimated versus measured values were calculated. Measurements with the D-lite using low-density gases are satisfactorily contained in best-fit equations with a standard deviation of less than 5% during all ventilatory modes and mixtures.

33 CFR 165.778 - Security Zone; Port of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., Puerto Rico. 165.778 Section 165.778 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Security Zone; Port of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. (a) Security zone. A moving and fixed security zone is established around all cruise ships entering, departing, mooring, or anchoring in the Port of Mayaguez, Puerto...

Folk Hero Modeling Therapy for Puerto Rican Adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Costantino, Guiseppe; And Others

1988-01-01

Describes development of a new modality for Puerto Rican adolescents which presents Puerto Rican folk heros and heroines in modeling therapy targeted towards enhancing adolescents' pride in their ethnic heritage. Evaluation of therapy using 21 adolescents indicated subjects increased in self-disclosure and self-confidence, gained pride, learned…

33 CFR 165.771 - Safety Zone; Bahia de Ponce, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., Puerto Rico 165.771 Section 165.771 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Zone; Bahia de Ponce, Puerto Rico (a) Location. The following area is established as a safety zone... Bahia de Ponce, on approach to or departure from the Puerto de Ponce waterfront facility in Bahia de...

Semiempirical method of determining flow coefficients for pitot rake mass flow rate measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Trefny, C. J.

1985-01-01

Flow coefficients applicable to area-weighted pitot rake mass flow rate measurements are presented for fully developed, turbulent flow in an annulus. A turbulent velocity profile is generated semiempirically for a given annulus hub-to-tip radius ratio and integrated numerically to determine the ideal mass flow rate. The calculated velocities at each probe location are then summed, and the flow rate as indicated by the rake is obtained. The flow coefficient to be used with the particular rake geometry is subsequently obtained by dividing the ideal flow rate by the rake-indicated flow rate. Flow coefficients ranged from 0.903 for one probe placed at a radius dividing two equal areas to 0.984 for a 10-probe area-weighted rake. Flow coefficients were not a strong function of annulus hub-to-tip radius ratio for rakes with three or more probes. The semiempirical method used to generate the turbulent velocity profiles is described in detail.

The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopez, Adalberto, Ed.

Articles in this book cover Puerto Rican history from the Spanish colonization to the present day experience of Puerto Ricans in the United States. Political, social, economic, cultural, and historical issues are addresed by the following authors: Edna Acosta-Belen, Frank Bonilla, Juan Manuel Carrion, Diana Christopulos, Sandra Messinger Cypess,…

Five-hole pitot probe time-mean velocity measurements in confined swirling flows

Science.gov (United States)

Yoon, H. K.; Lilley, D. G.

1983-01-01

Nonswirling and swirling nonreacting flows in an axisymmetric test section with an expansion ratio D/d = 2, which may be equipped with contraction nozzles of area ratios 2 and 4, are investigated. The effects of a number of geometric parameters on the flow-field are investigated, among them side-wall expansion angles of 90 and 45 deg, swirl vane angles of 0, 38, 45, 60, and 70 deg, and contraction nozzle locations L/D = 1 and 2 (if present). Data are acquired by means of a five-hole pitot probe enabling three time-mean velocity components in the axial, radial, and azimuthal directions to be measured. The velocities are extensively plotted and artistic impressions of recirculation zones are set forth. The presence of a swirler is found to shorten the corner recirculation zone and to generate a central recirculation zone followed by a precessing vortex core. A gradual inlet expansion has the effect of encouraging the flow to remain close to the sidewall and shortening the extent of the corner recirculation zone in all cases investigated.

42 CFR 412.374 - Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. 412... Payment System for Inpatient Hospital Capital Costs Special Rules for Puerto Rico Hospitals § 412.374 Payments to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. (a) FY 1998 through FY 2004. Payments for capital-related...

27 CFR 19.396 - Spirits removed for shipment to Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Spirits removed for shipment to Puerto Rico. 19.396 Section 19.396 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO... § 19.396 Spirits removed for shipment to Puerto Rico. Spirits removed for shipment to Puerto Rico with...

El muelle del centenario en el puerto de la Coruña/España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Obras Públicas y Urbanismo, Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo

1982-12-01

Full Text Available Not available.Se describe en este artículo la ejecución de la obra del Muelle del Centenario, realizada en el Puerto de La Coruña. Consiste en la construcción de cinco plataformas de hormigón armado sobre pilotes verticales in situ de 18 m de diámetro las filas de mar y tierra y 1.5 m de las intermedias. La longitud útil para el atraque de buques es de 540 my el ancho transversal de 175 m.

Sistema multi-robot para localización e identificación de vehículos

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C. Sagues

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta un sistema multi-robot para localización e identificación de vehículos que están estacionados en un recinto abierto o cerrado. El sistema realiza una planificación a priori y una asignación de tareas a los miembros del equipo optimizando el tiempo de la misión. El equipo de robots está dotado de sensores de visión que permiten la localización de los vehículos y la identificación de su matrícula. El controlador de movimiento de cada robot utiliza un sensor láser para el posicionamiento frente al vehículo a identificar y un sistema de control basado en visión realiza el posicionamiento preciso para la adquisición de la imagen de la matrícula que permita su posterior identificación. El sistema multi-robot dispone de capacidad de comunicaciones entre ellos y con una estación central de mando, con la que se intercambian comandos e incidencias y eventualmente datos, con restricciones de tiempo real. Los sensores utilizados están comercialmente disponibles y los algoritmos han sido desarrollados por el grupo Robótica, Percepción y Tiempo Real de la Universidad de Zaragoza en el marco de proyectos financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Integra diversas tecnologías de planificación, navegación, percepción y comunicaciones, adaptadas en el proyecto a la aplicación concreta. Palabras clave: Sistemas multi-robot, Robótica móvil, Navegación, Planificación y asignación de tareas, Protocolos de comunicación, Visión porcomputador, Tiempo real

42 CFR 412.204 - Payment to hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payment to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. 412... Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs for Hospitals Located in Puerto Rico § 412.204 Payment to hospitals located in Puerto Rico. (a) FY 1988 through FY 1997. For discharges occurring on or after October...

Simulated Pitot tube designed to detect blockage by ice, volcanic dust, sand, insects and to clear it: phase 1

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, David A.

2014-05-01

A simulated coaxial Pitot tube has been developed using fibre optic sensors combined with actuators to monitor and maintain its correct operation under different environmental conditions. Experiments are reported showing that the dynamic and static tubes can be cleared of ice. It is also demonstrated that the dynamic tube can be cleared of dust and sand which is not the case for the static tube in the coaxial configuration. An approach is proposed to overcome this problem involving a conventional configuration where the static tube is operated independently orthogonal to the dynamic tube with a second set of sensors and actuators.

Perspectives of Puerto Rican Adults about Heart Health and a Potential Community Program.

Science.gov (United States)

Todorova, Irina L G; Tejada, Shirley; Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen

Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic group in the U.S. and older adults have significant health disparities. Educational programs that address heart disease risk for this population have rarely been developed and implemented. To address this gap, the Heart Healthy Initiative for Puerto Rican adults is being developed. To develop it as a participatory program, the community members were asked about their perspectives. Five focus groups with 28 participants, aged 45-60, were conducted, transcribed and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. In-depth analysis of meanings of health promoting behaviors, in the context of cultural beliefs and values was carried out. The following themes were identified: Health as balance and integration; Health as connection of self, connection with others; Cultural meanings of lifestyle choices; Stresses and struggles. Participants suggested that the program should have significant variety and a holistic perspective, be sensitive to different needs and motivations, stimulate mutual understanding and shared cultural meanings. The program needs to support lifestyle changes which maximally preserve traditions and to introduce multi-level changes. The identified cultural meanings of diet, physical activity and relationships were taken into account to develop the educational curriculum.

Leprosy in Puerto Rico: insight into the new millennia.

Science.gov (United States)

Valentín, Diana C; Candelario, Nicole; Carrasquillo, Osward Y; Figueroa, Luz; Sánchez, Jorge L

2017-04-01

Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined the elimination of the disease as a global prevalence of less than one case per 10,000 population. However, disease transmission is an ongoing worldwide public health concern, as evidenced by the more than 220,000 new cases diagnosed each year. This study is an update of the incidence and prevalence of leprosy in Puerto Rico for the period of 2000-2014. A retrospective analysis of data was obtained from the Tropical Disease Clinic (TDC) of the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. Sixty-three new cases of leprosy are detailed in this study. Disease incidence and prevalence were 1.65 and 5.26 per 100,000 inhabitants (of the island of Puerto Rico), respectively, and an average of 4.2 new cases per year. Most of the male patients in the study suffered from lepromatous leprosy (P = 0.026). In all, 47 (74.6%) patients had been born in Puerto Rico, and 29 (46%) had an affected family member or were in close contact with someone with leprosy. Compared to those of previous studies, these results demonstrate a decrease in both the incidence and prevalence of leprosy in Puerto Rico over the past 15 years. The relatively high prevalence of leprosy in Puerto Rico means that it remains endemic on the island. Concerted efforts must be undertaken to achieve the goal of the elimination of this old and stigmatized disease. © 2017 The International Society of Dermatology.

Ampliación del puerto Lyttelton. Nueva Zelanda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Editorial, Equipo

1965-05-01

Full Text Available Lyttleton Port Authority has drawn up a project for the reform and construction of new wharves and breakwaters, to cater for the increasing sea traffic. The cost of the project is 4.5 million pounds. The main work consists of a 1,070 m long front wharf, built in deep water, and apt for use by large ships. The structure of the wharf consists of a filled in zone, taken from the sea, along the edge of which a row of piles has been arranged, to support the wharf itself. This has been made with hard Australian timber. But the platform over the filled in zone is built with soft local timber. The hills rising along the coastline have been traversed by two tunnels: one for the roadway and the other to take the railway. These communication lines, which save 11 km, will link the harbour with Christchurch, the most important city in South Island. The bottom, where the wharf has been made, was soft mud, awkward to contain and control. To overcome this difficulty a simple and ingenious method was adopted. Loads of stone, from nearby quarry residues, were thrown into the mud. The stones pushed out the mud in the manner of a wavefront. The mud was then dredged away, and the stone filling operation was continued. Stone had to be used as there was insufficient sand in the neighbourhood.La Junta de Obras del puerto de Lyttelton (Nueva Zelanda ha redactado un proyecto de reforma y construcción de nuevos muelles y rompeolas para absorber el creciente movimiento portuario, cuyo coste se eleva a 4,5 millones de libras. La obra consiste en un muelle frontal, continuo, de 1.070 m de longitud, en zona de gran calado, capaz para que atraquen barcos de gran tonelaje. La estructura está constituida por una zona de rellenos, ganados al mar, en cuyo frente se hallan unas filas de pilotes sobre los que descansa la estructura del muelle, construida a base de madera dura australiana; en cambio, la plataforma formada sobre el relleno es de madera blanda del país. Los montes

76 FR 47286 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00013

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-04

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Disaster Declaration 12699 and 12700 Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00013 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the State of Puerto...

76 FR 67244 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-31

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12768 and 12769] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 5. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4017...

76 FR 59179 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-23

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12768 and 12769] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 2. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4017...

76 FR 56858 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-14

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12768 and 12769] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00014 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (FEMA-4017...

75 FR 2165 - Puerto Rico Disaster No. PR-00007

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-14

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration Nos. 12004 and 12005; Puerto Rico Disaster No. PR-00007] Puerto Rico Disaster No. PR-00007 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Administrative declaration of a disaster for the Commonwealth of...

Apuntes en torno a la caoba dominicana y hondureña en Puerto Rico durante el siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX

Science.gov (United States)

Carlos M. Domínguez Cristóbal

2009-01-01

La introducción de la caoba dominicana a Puerto Rico es uno de los temas que no solo interesan a los geobotànicos. Dentro de esa perspectiva el Instituto Internacional de Dasonomía Tropical (IIDT) posee un legado de significativa contribución para con el tema. No obstante, este tema no ha sido considerado desde la perspectiva de los...

Identificación de Intervenciones para el Desarrollo Positivo de la Juventud

Science.gov (United States)

Sardiñas, Lili M.; Padilla, Viviana; Aponte, Mari; Boscio, Ana Morales; Pedrogo, Coralee Pérez; Santiago, Betzaida; Morales, Ángela Pérez; Dávila, Paloma Torres; Cesáreo, Marizaida Sánchez

2017-01-01

Resumen En el mundo hay más personas en la etapa de la juventud que en cualquier otra etapa del desarrollo. La juventud en Puerto Rico enfrenta muchas situaciones que inciden en su desarrollo y preparación para la adultez. Por lo tanto, es imperante identificar intervenciones para el desarrollo positivo de la juventud que han demostrado ser basadas en la evidencia. Además, a partir de dicha identificación, desarrollar prácticas que ayuden a los jóvenes a desarrollarse para prevenir situaciones adversas, promover experiencias positivas y propiciar que los niños y jóvenes estén involucrados y comprometidos. Se identificaron 147 intervenciones a través de una revisión tradicional de la literatura científica estadounidense. Los resultados reflejan que las intervenciones atienden la reducción de factores de riesgo y el incremento de factores de protección. Sin embargo, ninguna intervención propicia que los niños y jóvenes estén involucrados y comprometidos con su desarrollo óptimo y con sus comunidades. No obstante, todas brindan herramientas que podrían ser de utilidad para fomentar dichas prácticas en el contexto de Puerto Rico. De las 147 intervenciones identificadas seis están diseñadas para la población puertorriqueña residente en la Isla. Con el propósito de hacer la información accesible a los profesionales y la comunidad se expandió la colección del Archivo de Programas y Prácticas Basadas en Evidencia para la Prevención. PMID:28919943

42 CFR 412.370 - General provisions for hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Hospital Capital Costs Special Rules for Puerto Rico Hospitals § 412.370 General provisions for hospitals located in Puerto Rico. Except as provided in § 412.374, hospitals located in Puerto Rico are subject to the rules in this subpart governing the prospective payment...

A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of Five Projects in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

1980-01-01

Memorias de Melgarejo). Melgarejo mentions that one of these three mills was located next to the mouth of the Loiza River, and that this was also the...Mexico. Cordova, Pedro Tomas de Memorias historicas de Puerto Rico. D-3 D’Alzina, Ismael 1957 Historia gr~fica de Puerto Rico, 1. Primera Epoca. Ed...Servidumbre de faja de terreno de 5.0 metros de ancho y 400.46 metros de largo a favor de la Autoridad de Acueductos y Alcantarillados de Puerto Rico

20 CFR 404.1089 - Figuring net earnings for residents and nonresidents of Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... nonresidents of Puerto Rico. 404.1089 Section 404.1089 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Puerto Rico. (a) Residents. If you are a resident of Puerto Rico, whether or not you are an alien, a citizen of the United States, or a citizen of Puerto Rico, you must figure your net earnings from self...

Columbia University Puerto Rico Study.

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — Lifetime childhood asthma prevalence (LCAP) percentages in Puerto Rico Health Regions (HR) are substantially higher in northeastern vs. southwestern HR. Higher...

Diversity of Papaya ringspot virus isolates in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) devastates papaya production worldwide. In Puerto Rico, papaya fields can be completely infected with PRSV within a year of planting. Information about the diversity of the Puerto Rican PRSV population is relevant in order to establish a control strategy in the island. T...

47 CFR 73.1210 - TV/FM dual-language broadcasting in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false TV/FM dual-language broadcasting in Puerto Rico...-language broadcasting in Puerto Rico. (a) For the purpose of this section, dual-language broadcasting shall... a different language. (b) Television and Class A television licensees in Puerto Rico may enter into...

Health conditions and lifestyle risk factors of adults living in Puerto Rico: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Mattei, Josiemer; Tamez, Martha; Ríos-Bedoya, Carlos F; Xiao, Rui S; Tucker, Katherine L; Rodríguez-Orengo, José F

2018-04-12

Puerto Rico is experiencing an economic and healthcare crisis, yet there are scarce recent and comprehensive reports on the population's health profile. We aimed to describe prevalent risk factors and health conditions of adults living in Puerto Rico and assess their interrelationship. Participants (n = 380) aged 30-75y recruited from a 2015 convenience sample in primary care clinics in the San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area answered cross-sectional interviewer-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, self-reported medically-diagnosed diseases, health services, and psychosocial factors. Anthropometric measures were obtained. Logistic regression models assessed factors associated with having ≥2 cardiometabolic conditions or ≥ 2 chronic diseases. Most participants had completed ≥college education (57%), had household income diabetes (21%). Higher odds of having ≥2 cardiometabolic conditions (37%) was observed among participants aged ≥50y, with sedentary physical activity, and self-rated fair/poor diet. Odds of having ≥2 chronic diseases (62%) were higher among ≥50y, sleeping difficulties, > 2 h/day television, and self-rated fair/poor diet. Participants obtained (79%) and trusted (92%) health information from physicians. While most participants with a cardiometabolic condition reported receiving medical recommendations on diet (> 73%) and physical activity (> 67%), fewer followed them ( 73%). Participants following medical recommendations were more likely to report healthy vs. poor behaviors (90% vs. 75%, self-rated diet); (73% vs. 56%, physical activity). Adults living in Puerto Rico have multiple lifestyles risk factors and high prevalence of chronic diseases, namely cardiometabolic and psychological conditions. Comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed to identify contributors to chronic disease, including lifestyle behaviors. Concerted multi-level public health and clinical

Puerto Rico Soil Erodibility (Kffact)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Puerto Rico soil erodibility (Kffactor) - low values indicate low vulnerability to erosion, higher values mean higher susceptibility to runoff.

Skin cancer in Puerto Rico: a multiannual incidence comparative study.

Science.gov (United States)

De La Torre-Lugo, Eneida M; Figueroa, Luz D; Sánchez, Jorge L; Morales-Burgos, Adisbeth; Conde, Daniel

2010-09-01

The incidence of skin cancer continues to increase worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of skin cancer in Puerto Rico in a selected year (2005) and to compare these findings with those previously reported for Puerto Rico in 1974 and 1981 and with other countries. The data was collected from the pathology reports corresponding to the period of January to December 2005 of 21 participating Pathology Laboratories throughout Puerto Rico. The rate and distribution of the main types of skin cancer was calculated based on sex, age, anatomic location and laterality. The incidence of skin cancer in Puerto Rico for 2005 was 6,568 cases, which represent a rate of 167.9 per 100,000 inhabitants. The most common type of skin cancer was basal-cell carcinoma. Skin cancer was more common in males except for melanoma, which was more common in females. The incidence increases with age on all types of skin cancer. The head and neck area was the most frequent location, except for melanoma in women, which was more common on the legs. The incidence rate was 41.5/100,000 in 1974, 52.5/100,000 in 1981 and 167.9/100,000 in 2005, a 305% increase. We found an increasing incidence of skin cancer in Puerto Rico when compared with previous reported data. This analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiology of skin cancer in Puerto Rico.

Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility zonation of Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Chiara Lepore; Sameer A. Kamal; Peter Shanahan; Rafael L. Bras

2011-01-01

Landslides are a major geologic hazard with estimated tens of deaths and $1–2 billion in economic losses per year in the US alone. The island of Puerto Rico experiences one or two large events per year, often triggered in steeply sloped areas by prolonged and heavy rainfall. Identifying areas susceptible to landslides thus has great potential value for Puerto Rico and...

HINTS Puerto Rico: Final Report

Science.gov (United States)

This final report describes HINTS implementation in Puerto Rico. The report addresses sampling; staffing, training and management of data collection; calling protocol; findings from the CATI Operations, and sample weights.

Pitot-pressure distributions of the flow field of a delta-wing orbiter

Science.gov (United States)

Cleary, J. W.

1972-01-01

Pitot pressure distributions of the flow field of a 0.0075-scale model of a typical delta wing shuttle orbiter are presented. Results are given for the windward and leeward sides on centerline in the angle-of-attack plane from wind tunnel tests conducted in air. Distributions are shown for three axial stations X/L = .35, .60, and .98 and for angles of attack from 0 to 60 deg. The tests were made at a Mach number of 7.4 and for Reynolds numbers based on body length from 1,500,000 to 9,000,000. The windward distributions at the two survey stations forward of the body boat tail demonstrate the compressive aspects of the flow from the shock wave to the body. Conversely, the distributions at the aft station display an expansion of the flow that is attributed to body boat tail. On the lee side, results are given at low angles of attack that illustrate the complicating aspects of the canopy on the flow field, while results are given to show the effects of flow separation at high angles of attack.

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: INDEX

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: BIRDS

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: HABITATS

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: KARST

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

5 CFR 532.275 - Special wage schedules for ship surveyors in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... in Puerto Rico. 532.275 Section 532.275 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL... schedules for ship surveyors in Puerto Rico. (a) The Department of Defense shall establish special wage schedules for nonsupervisory ship surveyors and supervisory ship surveyors in Puerto Rico. (b) Rates shall...

42 CFR 412.220 - Special treatment of certain hospitals located in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Puerto Rico. 412.220 Section 412.220 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT... SERVICES Prospective Payment System for Inpatient Operating Costs for Hospitals Located in Puerto Rico § 412.220 Special treatment of certain hospitals located in Puerto Rico. Subpart G of this part sets...

78 FR 13625 - Approval of Subzone Status; Sea World, Inc.; Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-28

... World, Inc.; Guaynabo, Puerto Rico On December 12, 2012, the Executive Secretary of the Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZ) Board docketed an application submitted by the Puerto Rico Trade & Export Company, grantee... Sea World, Inc., in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. The application was processed in accordance with the FTZ...

Sistemas Conversores Fluido - Dinámicos de energía renovable para la Patagonia Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Ezequiel Vitorino

2016-08-01

En esencia, este proyecto permite tener un conocimiento teórico acerca de los sistemas conversores hidrocinéticos y las necesidades prácticas para llevar a cabo un prototipo de dimensiones acotadas en un lugar determinado como podría ser Puerto san Julián.

Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-19

basis would voters select the status quo option during the second plebiscite? Second, could the inclusion of the commonwealth option on the second...Values and Institutions (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1969), p. 262. C. Arthur Borg, “The Problem of Puerto Rico’s Political Status, Revista ...University Press of Kansas, 1975), p. 185.] See also Roberta A. Johnson, “The 1967 Puerto Rican Plebiscite: The People Decide,” Revista /Review

40 CFR 52.2723 - EPA-approved Puerto Rico regulations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... EPA-approved Puerto Rico regulations. Regulation for the Control of Atmospheric Pollution Puerto Rico... Methods 9/28/95 ......do Rule 107—Air Pollution Emergencies 9/28/95 ......do Rule 108—Air Pollution Control Equipment 9/28/95 ......do Rule 109—Notice of Violation 9/28/95 ......do Rule 110—Revision of...

La ensenanza de idiomas en Puerto Rico (Language Teaching in Puerto Rico)

Science.gov (United States)

Llorens, Washington

1976-01-01

The poor command of Spanish common to many Puerto Ricans is due, not to the teaching of English as a second language, but to the poor instruction of the native language and the lack of emphasis on reading good Spanish literature. The two languages can coexist. (Text is in Spanish.) (CHK)

QUANTIFYING SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GUÁNICA BAY PUERTO RICO

Science.gov (United States)

The island of Puerto Rico faces considerable challenges regarding sustainable land use and effects of land use on adjacent freshwater and marine ecosystem services. In watersheds feeding Guánica Bay (southwestern Puerto Rico), increased soil erosion and sediment loading to strea...

Aves acuáticas del estero El Salado, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Germán Cupul Magaña

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El estero El Salado es un cuerpo costero único en la región de Bahía de Banderas, México, que se encuentra sometido a la fuerte presión del crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Su evaluación como hábitat para la avifauna acuática puede contribuir al establecimiento de las bases técnicas para la toma de decisiones acertadas en el diseño de estrategias de conservación y explotación de sus hábitats. Con este fin, de junio de 1996 a mayo de 1997, se realizó una visita mensual al estero. En cada visita se realizaron dos transectos de 250 m de largo, de la boca a la cabeza del estero, de acuerdo al método modificado del censo de transecto en banda. Se determinaron 28 especies de aves acuáticas y se contabilizaron 1,304 individuos. De acuerdo con su presencia a lo largo del año, se registraron 16 especies residentes, 11 residentes de invierno y una migratoria. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la zona como espacio de sustentación alimenticia, de descanso y de anidación para aves acuáticas temporales y residentes.

78 FR 9884 - Approval of Subzone Status; Zimmer Manufacturing BV; Ponce, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-12

...; Zimmer Manufacturing BV; Ponce, Puerto Rico Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act... subzone at the facility of Zimmer Manufacturing BV located in Ponce, Puerto Rico (FTZ Docket B-81-2012... hereby approves subzone status at the facility of Zimmer Manufacturing BV located in Ponce, Puerto Rico...

Recent Advances in Dengue: Relevance to Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Noyd, David H.; Sharp, Tyler M.

2015-01-01

Dengue represents an increasingly important public health challenge in Puerto Rico, with recent epidemics in 2007, 2010, and 2012–2013. Although recent advances in dengue vaccine development offer hope for primary prevention, the role of health professionals in the diagnosis and management of dengue patients is paramount. Case definitions for dengue, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue provide a framework to guide clinical decision-making. Furthermore, the differentiation between dengue and other acute febrile illnesses, such as leptospirosis and chikungunya, is necessary for the appropriate diagnosis and management of cases. An understanding of dengue epidemiology and surveillance in Puerto Rico provides context for clinicians in epidemic and non-epidemic periods. This review aims to improve health professionals’ ability to diagnose dengue, and as highlight the relevance of recent advances in dengue prevention and management in Puerto Rico. PMID:26061055

Source, Use, and Disposition of Freshwater in Puerto Rico, 2005

Science.gov (United States)

Molina-Rivera, Wanda L.

2010-01-01

Water diverted from streams and pumped from wells constitutes the main sources of water for the 78 municipios of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. A better understanding is needed about water-use patterns, particularly about the amount of water used, where and how this water is used and disposed, and how human activities impact water resources. Irrigation practices, indoor and outdoor household uses, industrial uses, and commercial and mining withdrawals affect reservoirs, streams, and aquifers. Accurate and accessible water information for Puerto Rico is critical to ensure that water managers have the ability to protect and conserve this natural resource. The population of Puerto Rico increased 15 percent, from 3.4 million in 1985 to 3.9 million people 2005 and resulted in an increased demand for freshwater, mostly for the public-supply water use category. Almost 99 percent of the residents in Puerto Rico were served by public-supply water systems in 2005. One of the major challenges that water managers confront is the need to provide sufficient freshwater availability in the densely populated areas. Public-supply water is provided by the Puerto Rico Aqueducts and Sewers Authority (PRASA) and by non-PRASA systems. Non-PRASA systems refer to community-operated water systems (water systems that serve a rural or suburban housing area).

Sistema para sincronização e gerenciamento de fluxo de tráfego aéreo multi-agentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Vinícius Pinheiro Dib

2009-10-01

Full Text Available

Nesta pesquisa propõe-se um sistema para sincronização e gerenciamento de fluxo de tráfego aéreo que combina tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial – coordenação de Multi-Agentes, e computação distribuída sobre a Internet – Grid Computacional – cuja finalidade é otimizar o fluxo de tráfego aéreo, prevendo congestionamentos e racionalizando a utilização dos recursos dos aeroportos, sem contudo, ferir os princípios de segurança estabelecidos para a área de transportes aéreos. Para demonstrar o sistema desenvolvido, são descritos sua arquitetura, seus componentes e os relacionamentos entre eles, bem como os mecanismos de negociação necessários às tomadas de decisão. A título ilustrativo, é relatado um estudo de caso de planejamento tático, simulado a partir de informações do Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo. A combinação das duas tecnologias, coordenação de Multi-Agentes e Grid Computacional, aplicada ao problema de gerenciamento do fluxo de tráfego aéreo apresenta perspectivas de tornar-se um tópico promissor para pesquisas futuras.

Segregación socioespacial en ciudades turísticas, el caso de Puerto Vallarta, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrique Pérez-Campuzano

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La diferenciación socioespacial es una característica de las ciudades turísticas, pero ha sido poco estudiada. Este trabajo analiza los patrones de diferenciación socioespacial de Puerto Vallarta, México, mediante varios índices de segregación espacial y uno de diversidad. Según los resultados, hay una segregación importante en la dotación de infraestructura hidráulica y drenaje. Por ello, el gobierno debería trabajar más para disminuir las diferencias sociales y espaciales en este tipo de poblaciones.

Machismo y educacion en Puerto Rico [Machismo and Education in Puerto Rico].

Science.gov (United States)

Pico, Isabel

This book is the result of a study that investigated the influence of "machismo" (a set of attitudes, beliefs, and behavior that perpetuates the myth of male superiority) in elementary education. The study included (1) a content analysis of textbooks used in Spanish and social studies classes in public and private schools in Puerto Rico…

77 FR 52310 - Expansion of Foreign-Trade Zone 61, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-29

... 61, San Juan, Puerto Rico Pursuant to its authority under the Foreign-Trade Zones Act of June 18... Order: Whereas, the Puerto Rico Trade and Export Company, grantee of Foreign-Trade Zone 61, submitted an application to the Board for authority to expand FTZ 61 to include a site in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, adjacent...

Biogeography of Puerto Rican ants: a non-equilibrium case?

Science.gov (United States)

J.A. Torres; R.R. Snelling

1997-01-01

Ants were studied on Puerto Rico and 44 islands surrounding Puerto Rico. Habitat diversity was the best predictor of the number of species per island and the distributions of species followed a nested subset pattern. The number of extinctions per island was low, approximately 1 to 2 extinctions per island in a period of 18 years, and the rates of colonization seem to...

78 FR 16465 - Foreign-Trade Zone 7-Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Authorization of Production Activity, Pepsi Cola...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-15

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-84-2012] Foreign-Trade Zone 7--Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Authorization of Production Activity, Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC (Soft Drink...-Trade Zones (FTZ) Board on behalf of Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC, in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico...

Cardiovascular services and human resources in Puerto Rico - 2008.

Science.gov (United States)

García-Palmieri, Mario R

2009-01-01

Available information (2004-2008) concerning population statistics, the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular services and human resources in Puerto Rico is presented. Relevant information concerning life expectancy at birth, death by specific causes in a recent four years period, the commonest causes of death, and the related cardiovascular risk factors prevalence data available is included. The surgical and medical interventional services rendered to cardiovascular patients in different institutions and their locations in Puerto Rico in the year 2008 is presented. Some remarks concerning the productivity of physicians by our Schools of Medicine is included. Information about ACGME accredited postgraduate cardiovascular training programs conducted in Puerto Rico is presented. Data concerning the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity obtained by BRFSS in presented.

33 CFR 165.758 - Security Zone; San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Security Zone; San Juan, Puerto Rico. (a) Location. Moving and fixed security zones are established 50... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security Zone; San Juan, Puerto Rico. 165.758 Section 165.758 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND...

Sand and gravel resources of Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Rafael W.

Many of Puerto Rico's beaches are eroding, and though rates of erosion vary, it is a major concern for the tourism and residential development industries. More than 85 percent of the population lives within 7 kilometers of the coast and they are heavily dependent on tourists that are attracted by the island's beaches and coral reefs. High-quality scientific data are needed to help formulate public policy regarding residential and commercial construction along the coast, beach replenishment, and future use of marine resources. Scientists have long recognized that the causes of coastal land loss are not limited to a relative rise in sea level, but can be manmade as well. For example, sediment supply to beaches especially along the north shore of Puerto Rico has been strongly affected by upstream river channeling, dam construction, various agricultural practices, paving and urbanization, as well as shallow-water oceanographic processes. The response to coastal erosion in Puerto Rico has been mostly crisis based leading to engineered solutions that have a negative effect on the coastal environment.

The Identity Development and Coming out Process of Gay Youth in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Fankhanel, Edward H.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to gather basic exploratory-descriptive data regarding the self-perceptions and behaviors of Puerto Rican gay youth (16 to 24 years old) during their gay identity development and coming out process. The study was conducted in Puerto Rico to eliminate ethnic minority influences that may be present in Puerto Rican gay…

Analisis del contenido curricular de los Documentos Normativos del Programa de Ciencias en el area de biologia para la escuela superior del sistema de educacion publica de Puerto Rico: 1993-2012

Science.gov (United States)

Davila Montanez, Melissa

Esta investigacion de naturaleza cualitativa se ocupo de realizar un analisis de contenido documental de los Documentos Normativos del Programa de Ciencias en el area de biologia de la escuela superior del sistema de educacion publica de Puerto Rico del periodo 1993-2012. Los documentos analizados fueron: Guia Curricular, 1995; Marco Curricular, 2003; Estandares de Excelencia, 1996, 2000 y Estandares de Contenido y Expectativas de Grado, 2007. Se indago si hubo cambios en significados en los Componentes Estructurales: Naturaleza de la ciencia, Paradigmas para la ensenanza de la ciencia, Funcion del curriculo formal, Mision de la ensenanza de la ciencia; Contenidos, destrezas y competencias, Estrategias de ensenanza y Evaluacion/Assessment del aprendizaje. El analisis sugiere que no hubo cambios sustanciales en los significados de los Componentes Estructurales. Los documentos estudiados muestran mayormente caracteristicas similares, aunque los documentos mas recientes eran mas descriptivos, explicativos y especificos.

Prematurity, atopy, and childhood asthma in Puerto Ricans.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosas-Salazar, Christian; Ramratnam, Sima K; Brehm, John M; Han, Yueh-Ying; Boutaoui, Nadia; Forno, Erick; Acosta-Pérez, Edna; Alvarez, María; Colón-Semidey, Angel; Canino, Glorisa; Celedón, Juan C

2014-02-01

Puerto Rican children share a disproportionate burden of prematurity and asthma in the United States. Little is known about prematurity and childhood asthma in Puerto Rican subjects. We sought to examine whether prematurity is associated with asthma in Puerto Rican children. We performed a case-control study of 678 children aged 6 to 14 years with (n = 351) and without (n = 327) asthma living in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Prematurity was defined by parental report for our primary analysis. In a secondary analysis, we only included children whose parents reported prematurity that required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the prior year. We used logistic regression for analysis. All multivariate models were adjusted for age, sex, household income, atopy (≥1 positive IgE level to common allergens), maternal history of asthma, and early-life exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. In a multivariate analysis there was a significant interaction between prematurity and atopy on asthma (P = .006). In an analysis stratified by atopy, prematurity was associated with a nearly 5-fold increased odds of asthma in atopic children (adjusted odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.5-14.3; P = .007). In contrast, there was no significant association between prematurity and asthma in nonatopic children. Similar results were obtained in our analysis of prematurity requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and asthma. Our results suggest that atopy modifies the estimated effect of prematurity on asthma in Puerto Rican children. Prematurity might explain, in part, the high prevalence of atopic asthma in this ethnic group. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sex Differences in Trajectories of Offending among Puerto Rican Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Jennings, Wesley G.; Maldonado-Molina, Mildred M.; Piquero, Alex R.; Odgers, Candice L.; Bird, Hector; Canino, Glorisa

2010-01-01

Although sex is one of the strongest correlates of crime, contentions remain regarding the necessity of sex-specific theories of crime. The current study examines delinquent trajectories across sex among Puerto Rican youth socialized in two different cultural contexts (Bronx, United States; and San Juan, Puerto Rico). Results indicate similar…

APUNTES PARA EL DESARROLLO DE INTERVENCIONES DE PREVENCIÓN DE VIH/ITS PARA JÓVENES EN PUERTO RICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia L. Noboa-Ortega

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la implantación de tres grupos focales utilizados para adaptar una intervención para la prevención del VIH/ITS en jóvenes. Uno de los grupos fue celebrado con hombres, uno con mujeres, y otro con parejas donde participaron un total de 27 personas . Auscultamos el conocimiento sobre el VIH/ITS, las situaciones que los exponen a riesgo, el formato y contenido que una intervención debía ten er. Encontramos que aunque los y las jóvenes tenían un conocimiento básico, también tenían concepciones equivocadas como que el VIH/ITS se transmite por el beso y la saliva, y que la Clamidia se transmite por sentarse en inodoros públicos. Expresaron que una intervención debe abordar las diversas dificultades que los y las jóvenes enfrentan para el uso del condón y que debe utilizar testimonios reales de personas. El uso de grupos focales es una herramienta muy útil para identificar el formato y contenid o de intervenciones. .

The migratory impact of minimum wage legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970-1987.

Science.gov (United States)

Santiago, C E

1993-01-01

"This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970-1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living." excerpt

75 FR 1543 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Puerto Rico; Guaynabo PM10

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-12

... Control of Atmospheric Pollution. On July 15, 2009, the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board submitted... Control of Atmospheric Pollution Commonwealth Puerto Rico regulations effective date EPA approval date... analysis and revisions to Rules 102 and 423 of the Puerto Rico Regulation for the Control of Atmospheric...

Donde Estan los Estudiantes Puertorriquenos/os Exitosos? [Where Are the Academically Successful Puerto Rican Students?]: Success Factors of High-Achieving Puerto Rican High School Students

Science.gov (United States)

Antrop-Gonzalez, Rene; Velez, William; Garrett, Tomas

2005-01-01

This article describes the 4 success factors that 10 working class Puerto Rican urban high school students attributed to their high academic achievement. These success factors were (a) the acquisition of social capital through religiosity and participation in school and community-based extracurricular activities, (b) having a strong Puerto Rican…

Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of Caño Boquerón, Cabo Rojo, and Puerto Mosquito, Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico, July 2015–July 2016

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez-Fragoso, Julieta M.; Santiago-Sáez, José A.

2018-05-07

Coastal lagoons are common features of the Puerto Rico shoreline that provide habitat for commercial and recreational species and serve important roles in the nutrient cycle of the ecosystems. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board, conducted a limnological study at Caño Boquerón in Cabo Rojo and at Puerto Mosquito on Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico, to assess the principal mechanisms affecting the hydrology and water-quality characteristics of these coastal lagoons and provide baseline information to the regulatory agencies responsible for the management and conservation of these coastal waters and the preservation of their aquatic life.Field measurements and water samples were collected and processed during July 2015–July 2016 for analysis of physical, chemical, biological, and bacteriological characteristics. In addition, bathymetric surveys were made and sediment cores were collected in each lagoon to determine water volume and sediment deposition rate. Physicochemical properties assessed at Caño Boquerón indicated values were generally in compliance with Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board standards; turbidity was occasionally slightly greater than the established standards, and dissolved oxygen concentration at bottom depths was lower than standards limits. Water transparency was evaluated through the Secchi disk method, and the average depth of disappearance was 1.0 meter (m) for Caño Boquerón and 1.9 m for Puerto Mosquito.Assessment of biological characteristics at both sites included primary productivity calculations as well as carbon production equivalents and monthly water sampling for bacteriological and nutrient analyses. For Caño Boquerón, gross plankton primary productivity averaged 3.38 grams of oxygen per cubic meter per day (gO2/m3-d); this value was computed as the sum of net phytoplankton primary productivity (0.74 gO2/m3-d) and plankton respiration (2.64 gO2/m3-d). Net community

La inversión extranjera directa, las exportaciones, el producto interno bruto y el mercado laboral en Puerto Rico Foreign direct investment, exports, Gross Domestic Product and the labor market in Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel L. Ruiz Mercado

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se utiliza un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR para examinar la interrelación entre la entrada de flujos de inversión extranjera directa (EFIED, las exportaciones, el producto interno bruto (PIB, la tasa de desempleo (TD y la tasa de participación laboral (TPL en Puerto Rico. Los datos utilizados incluyen los años fisca- les de 1980 al 2010. Se encontraron cuatro vectores cointegrados en el sistema, que evidencian la existencia de una relación de largo plazo entre las variables. Los hallazgos sugieren que aumentos consecutivos en la EFIED podrían reducir significativamente la TD e incrementar el interés de los puertorriqueños por ingresar en la fuerza laboral. El mismo resultado se refleja con relación a los incrementos en el nivel de exportaciones. Las variaciones en el PIB se explican principalmente en el largo plazo por la TD.In this paper, a vector autorregresive model (VAR is applied to examine the interrelationship among foreign direct investment, exports, Gross Domestic Product (GDP, unemployment rate and labor force participation rate in Puerto Rico, taking into account a time period that includes the fiscal years from 1980 to 2010.  Four cointegrating vectors were found in the system which indicates that there is a long run relationship between the variables. The findings suggest that consecutive increases in foreign direct investment inflows could significantly reduce the unemployment rate and increase interest in joining the labor force in Puerto Rico.  The same result also applies to increases in export levels.  The variations in Gross Domestic Product are mainly explained in the long run by the unemployment rate.

The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study on health disparities in Puerto Rican adults: challenges and opportunities

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Collado Bridgette M

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study designed to examine the role of psychosocial stress on presence and development of allostatic load and health outcomes in Puerto Ricans, and potential modification by nutritional status, genetic variation, and social support. Methods Self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45-75 years and residing in the Boston, MA metro area, were recruited through door-to-door enumeration and community approaches. Participants completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires and tests. Blood, urine and salivary samples were extracted for biomarker and genetic analysis. Measurements are repeated at a two-year follow-up. Results A total of 1500 eligible participants completed baseline measurements, with nearly 80% two-year follow-up retention. The majority of the cohort is female (70%, and many have less than 8th grade education (48%, and fall below the poverty level (59%. Baseline prevalence of health conditions is high for this age range: considerable physical (26% and cognitive (7% impairment, obesity (57%, type 2 diabetes (40%, hypertension (69%, arthritis (50% and depressive symptomatology (60%. Conclusions The enrollment of minority groups presents unique challenges. This report highlights approaches to working with difficult to reach populations, and describes some of the health issues and needs of Puerto Rican older adults. These results may inform future studies and interventions aiming to improve the health of this and similar communities.

Gasterópodos asociados al alga calcárea Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae en Puerto Rico

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Cedar I García-Ríos

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se describen y comparan las comunidades de gasterópodos asociados al alga verde calcárea H. opuntia. Se compararon estas comunidades en arrecifes coralinos de lugares geográfica y ambientalmente diferentes, uno en el noreste de Puerto Rico, frente a los vientos alisios (barlovento, el otro en el suroeste (sotavento. Se analizó el contenido de 15 lotes (2432 g de H. opuntia recolectadas en la estación de sotavento y 21 lotes (2448 g en la de barlovento. En los 36 lotes se recuperaron 526 gasterópodos (prosobranquios que se clasificaron en 54 taxones. Trece especies de gasterópodos representaron el 79.6% de la muestra de la comunidad. No encontramos diferencias significativas en las densidades de gasterópodos ni en la riqueza de especies (p>0.100. La densidad promedio fue de 13.9/100 g alga en la estación de sotavento y 7.6/100 g en la de barlovento. Se identificaron 40 especies diferentes en las muestras de sotavento y 31 en las de barlovento. Solamente se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de diversidad (Simpson, de 0.91 para la comunidad de sotavento y de 0.82 en la de barlovento (t = 3.44, α = 0.05. No encontramos correlaciσn entre el peso de la muestra del alga y la frecuencia de gasterσpodos en ésta, R² = 0.0893 para sotavento, 0.0249 para barlovento y 0.0923 para datos combinados. Utilizando los métodos de ordenación polar se comprueba la similitud de las dos comunidades estudiadas. Estos resultados sostienen la hipótesis de que H. opuntia le ofrece a los organismos que viven en sus intersticios un microhábitat protegido del impacto del movimiento del agua, creando condiciones más homogéneas que las del hábitat donde encontramos creciendo el alga.Gastropods associated with the calcareous alga Halimeda opuntia (Udoteaceae in Puerto Rico. Gastropod communities associated with the calcareous green alga Halimeda opuntia are described and compared for two Puerto Rico coral reefs: one in the northeast with

Characterization of the Network of Protected Areas in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

J. Castro-Prieto; Maya Quinones; William Gould

2016-01-01

Our goal was to describe the biodiversity and associated landscape diversity and forest cover characteristics within the network of terrestrial protected areas in Puerto Rico. We conducted spatial analysis to quantify different indicators of diversity at these sites. We found that protected areas in Puerto Rico overlap the most species-rich regions on the island,...

Puerto Rico State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-10-01

The Puerto Rico State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Puerto Rico. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in Puerto Rico. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1981-10-01

The Puerto Rico State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Puerto Rico. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in Puerto Rico. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Puerto Rico.

26 CFR 1.933-1 - Exclusion of certain income from sources within Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Puerto Rico. 1.933-1 Section 1.933-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Exclusion of certain income from sources within Puerto Rico. (a) General rule. (1) An individual (whether a United States citizen or an alien), who is a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable...

19 CFR 7.2 - Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... than Puerto Rico. 7.2 Section 7.2 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF... NAVAL STATION § 7.2 Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico. (a) Insular possessions of the United States other than Puerto Rico are also American territory but, because those insular...

Puerto Rican Migration: The Return Flow = La Migracion Puertorriquena: El Reflujo a la Isla.

Science.gov (United States)

Vivo, Paquita, Comp.

This is a guide to materials and research on Puerto Ricans who have returned to Puerto Rico after living in the United States. Part 1 is an annotated bibliography of books, journal articles, printed documents, doctoral dissertations, master's theses, journalistic accounts, and unpublished papers on characteristics of Puerto Rican return migrants;…

POPULATION DECLINES OF THE PUERTO RICAN VIREO IN GUANICA FOREST.

Science.gov (United States)

JOHN FAABORG; KATE M. DUGGER; WAYNE J. ARENDT; BETHANY L. WOODWORTH; MICHAEL E. BALTZ

1997-01-01

Abundance of the Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo Zutimeri) in Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico, has declined gradually over the period 1973-1996 as determined by constant effort mist netting. Concurrent studies of breeding vireos show low nesting success, primarily due to parasitism by Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis). This decline may reflect the rather recent entry of the...

Puerto Rico ESI and RSI: WETLANDS

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: HYDRO (Hydrology)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Ampliación del puerto de Miami, (U.S.A.

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Volkert, David

1966-11-01

Full Text Available As there was no available space in the zones surrounding the existing harbour, and the bay had a number of islands, which could be easily connected with fill soil, it was decided to form a harbour taking advantage of these islands. The planform of the new harbour is rectangular, and the perimeter walls have been used as wharves. As this fill soil is separated from the coastline, a bridge from the mainland has been built, carrying both motor vehicles and rail traffic. In view of the considerable length of the bridge, and the need to ensure navigation along the coastline, the central part of the bridge, over the navigation canal, has an elevating span. To obtain sufficient depth of water by the wharves, considerable amount of dredging has been necessary, as well as sheet piling.Como no se disponía de espacio en las zonas adyacentes al puerto en explotación, y la bahía tenía una serie de Islotes propicios para hacer un relleno, surgió la idea de realizarlo, en tomo a aquéllos, con planta rectangular, aprovechando los muros perimetrales para formar los muelles de atraque. Por hallarse este relleno separado de la costa, se ha construido un paso superior, sobre el agua, para el tráfico de vehículos de ruedas neumáticas, y una plataforma paralela destinada al tráfico ferroviario. Dada la gran longitud del paso y la necesidad de asegurar la navegación costera, la parte central del paso, correspondiente al canal, se salva con un tramo basculante. Para conseguir aguas profundas en los muelles se han realizado importantes operaciones de dragado e hinca de tablestacas.

Arquitectura de Llanquihue: Puerto Varas

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Gonzalo Cerda Brintrup

1987-06-01

Full Text Available Puerto Varas fue fundada por Vicente Pérez Rosales en 1852. Se le dio el nombre en homenaje al entonces Ministro del Interior, Don Antonio Varas, quien apoyó en forma decidida la llegada de colonos a esa región.

Metodología para la Detección de Vulnerabilidades en Redes de Datos Methodology for Detecting Vulnerabilities in Data Networks

OpenAIRE

David A Franco; Jorge L Perea; Plinio Puello

2012-01-01

El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue diseñar una metodología para la detección de vulnerabilidades en redes de datos. Para esto se desarrollaron diferentes fases llamadas reconocimiento, escaneo de puertos y enumeración de servicios, y escaneo de vulnerabilidades, cada una de las cuales es soportada por herramientas de software. Los resultados de cada fase suministran datos necesarios para la ejecución de las siguientes etapas. Con el fin de validar la utilidad de la metodología propuest...

77 FR 48504 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Economic Value of Puerto Rico's Coral Reef...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-14

... Collection; Comment Request; Economic Value of Puerto Rico's Coral Reef Ecosystems for Recreation-Tourism... the market and non-market economic values of Puerto Rico's coral reef ecosystems. Estimates will be... Puerto Rico's coral reef ecosystems. The required information is to conduct focus groups to help in...

A Transnational Colonial Migration: Puerto Rico’s Farm Labor Program

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Jorge Duany

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In this article, the author defines Puerto Rico as a nation, an imagined community with its own territory, history, language, and culture. Nevertheless, the Island lacks a sovereign state, an independent government that represents the population of that territory. This unsovereign state has long sponsored population displacements from Puerto Rico to the United States. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, colonial officials embraced migration as a safety valve for the Island’s overpopulation. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Commonwealth government spurred the "Great Migration" to the U.S. mainland. The Farm Labor Program, overseen by the Migration Division of Puerto Rico’s Department of Labor, illustrates the complicated negotiations required by a transnational colonial state.

[Legal secrecy: abortion in Puerto Rico from 1937 to 1970].

Science.gov (United States)

Marchand-Arias, R E

1998-03-01

The essay discusses abortion in Puerto Rico from 1937 to 1970, concentrating in its legal status as well as its social practice. The research documents the contradictions between the legality of the procedure and a social practice characterized by secrecy. The essay discusses the role of the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion in promoting the legal practice of absortion in Puerto Rico. It also discusses the ambivalent role of medical doctors who, despite being legally authorized to perform abortions to protect the life and health of women, refused to perform the procedure arguing abortion was illegal. The essay concludes with a brief discussion on perceptions of illegality regarding abortion, emphasizing the contradictions between the practice of abortion and that of sterilization in Puerto Rico.

Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes in Puerto Rican Families

OpenAIRE

Colón, Jeisianne Rosario

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate observed parenting styles among Puerto Rican parents living in Puerto Rico. Participants included 51 families with a child between the ages of 6 and 11. Families engaged in different behavioral observational tasks. Observations were coded for parenting dimensions and family parenting styles in order to determine its relationship to child outcomes. The Parenting Styles Observation Rating Scale was used to code the observations and the Child Behavior Ch...

Understanding Suicidal Ideation in Latino/a Adolescents Living in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Duarté-Vélez, Yovanska; Jones, Richard N; Spirito, Anthony

2017-12-05

Puerto Rican adolescents, as well as other Latinos/as, have been identified at higher risk for suicidal ideation and attempts compared to other ethnic groups. However, research designed to better understand suicidality among Puerto Rican adolescents is rare. A socio-cognitive vulnerability model of suicidal ideation was tested in adolescents living in Puerto Rico. Multiple group path analyses were performed to assess the effect of self-reported socio-environmental and vulnerability factors on suicidal ideation, by sex, in 233 students from the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Overall, the model explained a large amount of the variance in suicidal ideation (r 2  = .59 for females and r2 = .48 for males). Depressive symptoms had the strongest total effect on suicidal ideation for both sexes (r = .69 for females and r = .53 for males) and negative life events were the most salient socio-environmental factor. Hopelessness had a direct effect on suicidal ideation for males only. Externalizing behaviors had a direct effect on suicidal ideation for both males and females, but it was particularly strong for females. Results support the mediating role of vulnerability factors and the differential importance of socio-environmental and vulnerability factors in understanding suicidal ideation among Puerto Rican adolescents. The relevance of exploring different developmental paths to suicidal ideation, separately by sex, is discussed.

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Maunabo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Barceloneta), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Salinas), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Barcelon), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Arroyo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Candelero), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Luquillo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Ceiba), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Salinas), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Maunabo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Guayanil), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Mayaguez), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Rincon), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Ponce), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isabela), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Candelero), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Arroyo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Sleep, Depressive/Anxiety Disorders, and Obesity in Puerto Rican Youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Koinis-Mitchell, Daphne; Rosario-Matos, Nicolás; Ramírez, Rafael R; García, Pedro; Canino, Glorisa J; Ortega, Alexander N

2017-03-01

Adolescents from Puerto Rican backgrounds are found to have higher rates of obesity than adolescents from other ethnic groups in the US. The objective of this study is to examine whether sleeping the recommended number of hours and depression or anxiety disorder are independently related to risk for obesity in a sample of Island Puerto Rican adolescents, and whether the association between sleep and obesity is moderated by depression or anxiety disorder. Data from the study were derived from the third wave of an island wide probability sample of Puerto Rican youth residing on the Island, 10-25 years of age (N = 825), with a response rate of 79.59%. The current study focuses on youth 10 to 19 years of age (n = 436). In this sample, youth who slept less than the recommended number of hours (defined as 7-9 h per night) had a significantly increased risk for obesity and were three times as likely to be obese. Youth who met criteria for a depressive/anxiety disorder were almost 2.5 times as likely to be obese. However, the presence of an anxiety/depressive disorders did not moderate the association between sleeping the recommended number of hours and risk for obesity. Sleeping less than the recommended number of hours may be an important risk factor for obesity status in Island Puerto Rican youth. These findings suggest that attention to healthy sleep behaviors and a sleep environment that promotes high quality sleep may be important for Puerto Rican adolescents at risk for obesity.

Cobertura desarrollada de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

William A. Gould; Sebastian Martinuzzi; Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez

2008-01-01

Este mapa representa la cobertura desarrollada en Puerto Rico (Martinuzzi et al. 2007). Cobertura desarrollada se define aqui como areas urbanas, construidas y sin vegetacion, que resultan de actividad humana. Tipicamente, estas incluyen estructuras construidas, concreto, asfalto, u otra infraestructura. La cobertura desarrollada se creo mediante el analisis de...

Factorial Structure of a Measure of Acculturation in a Puerto Rican Population.

Science.gov (United States)

De Leon, Brunilda; Mendez, Serafin

1996-01-01

The psychometric characteristics of the Cultural Life Style Inventory were studied with a sample of 402 Puerto Rican college students. Factor analysis revealed high factorial stability for Puerto Ricans. Similarities and differences with a previously studied Mexican American population are discussed. (SLD)

Breast cancer patterns and lifetime risk of developing breast cancer among Puerto Rican females.

Science.gov (United States)

Nazario, C M; Figueroa-Vallés, N; Rosario, R V

2000-03-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic patterns of breast cancer and to estimate the lifetime risk probability of developing breast cancer among Hispanic females using cancer data from Puerto Rico. The age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rate (per 100,000) in Puerto Rico increased from 15.3 in 1960-1964 to 43.3 in 1985-1989. The age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rate (per 100,000) increased from 5.7 to 10.6 comparing the same two time periods (1960-1964 vs 1985-1989). Nevertheless, in 1985-1989 breast cancer incidence rate was higher in US White females (110.8 per 100,000) compared to Puerto Rican females (51.4 per 100,000; age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population). The breast cancer mortality rate was also higher in US White females (27.4 per 100,000) than in Puerto Rican females (15.1 per 100,000; age-adjusted to the 1970 US standard population) during 1985-1989. A multiple decrement life table was constructed applying age-specific incidence and mortality rates from cross-sectional data sets (1980-1984 and 1985-1989 data for Puerto Rican females and 1987-1989 SEER data sets for US White and Black females) to a hypothetical cohort of 10,000,000 women. The probability of developing invasive breast cancer was computed for the three groups using the long version of DEVCAN: Probability of DEVeloping CANcer software, version 3.3. The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer was 5.4% for Puerto Rican females, compared to 8.8% for US Black females and 13.0% for US White females. Lifetime risk for Puerto Rican females increased from 4.5% in 1980-1984 to 5.4% in 1985-1989. Lifetime risk of breast cancer appears to be increasing in Puerto Rico, but remains lower than the probability for US White females. Therefore, the application of lifetime probability of developing invasive breast cancer estimated for the US female population will overestimate the risk for the Puerto Rican female population.

Manifestaciones clínicas del dengue hemorrágico en Puerto Rico, 1990-1991 Clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Puerto Rico, 1990-1991

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José G. Rigau-Pérez

1997-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se realizó con el fin de mostrar que el dengue hemorrágico (DH se da en Puerto Rico, si bien es una enfermedad subnotificada, lo que se debe en parte a su subdiagnóstico en los hospitales. La vigilancia de casos graves de dengue permitió determinar que hubo 986 hospitalizaciones por sospecha de dengue en el período de 1990-1991. En esa época, el sistema de vigilancia identificó 20 casos de DH, incluidos tres de síndrome de choque por dengue (SCD. Nuestra subsecuente revisión de los expedientes de los 986 pacientes reveló que en 102 de ellos había razones para apoyar el diagnóstico clínico de DH (88 y de SCD (14. Entre estos 102 había 57 que dieron resultados virológicos o serológicos positivos a dengue y que reunían los criterios de caso de dengue establecidos por la OMS (fiebre, manifestaciones hemorrágicas, trombocitopenia y excesiva permeabilidad capilar. En el grupo de 57 pacientes, la media de edad era de 38 años y preponderaban los hombres (34, o sea 59,3%, incluidos ocho casos de SCD y dos (3,5% defunciones (en mujeres de 16 y 55 años de edad. Los síntomas hemorrágicos fueron leves y con frecuencia se observaron hemoconcentración, hipoalbuminemia y concentraciones elevadas de aspartato y alanina aminotransferasas. Las hospitalizaciones duraron unos 5 días en término medio. La descripción clínica de estos casos de DH en Puerto Rico coincide con descripciones anteriores de la enfermedad en la literatura médica, pero la distribución por edad de los pacientes es similar al patrón que se suele encontrar en las Américas (donde afecta a todos los grupos de edad, en contraste con el de Asia Sudoriental (donde afecta principalmente a niños pequeños. El número de casos identificados en nuestro estudio fue casi tres veces mayor que el número notificado por el sistema de vigilancia establecido. Nuestros resultados indican que es necesario mejorar la capacidad de los clínicos locales para reconocer y

Spatial analysis of Puerto Rico's terrestrial protected areas [1:240 000

Science.gov (United States)

M. Quinones; W.A. Gould; J. Castro-Prieto; S. Martinuzzi

2013-01-01

This research map describes Puerto Rico's terrestrial protected areas based on natural and anthropogenic elements of the landscape. We used geospatial data, i.e., land cover (Gould et al. 2007); urban, suburban, and rural settlements (Martinuzzi et al. 2008); and physiography to illustrate landscape elements and analyze what and how much is protected in Puerto...

77 FR 43063 - Affirmation of Vertical Datum for Surveying and Mapping Activities for the Territory of Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-23

... Datum for Surveying and Mapping Activities for the Territory of Puerto Rico AGENCY: National Geodetic...-16 ( http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a016/a016.html ), to affirm the Puerto Rico Vertical... the islands of Puerto Rico, Culebra, Mona and Vieques of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and to the...

Occurrence and correlates of overweight and obesity among island Puerto Rican youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Garza, Jeremiah R; Pérez, Edna Acosta; Prelip, Michael; McCarthy, William J; Feldman, Jonathan M; Canino, Glorisa; Ortega, Alexander N

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This article provides 2005-2008 population-based prevalence data on obesity and overweight among youth residing in Puerto Rico. Data for this report are from the Asthma, Depression, and Anxiety in Puerto Rican Youth (ADA) study. Measures included height and weight level data on youth in Puerto Rico aged 10 to 19 years with and without asthma as well as body mass index data on their caregivers. A total of 436 youth-caregiver dyads were selected and weighted to represent the general population of youth in Puerto Rico using 2008 US Census data. Household surveys demonstrated that 40% of youth aged 10 to 19 were overweight or obese. Twenty-five percent met moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines, however, physical activity was not associated with overweight or obesity in this sample. In multivariate analyses, females were 50% less likely than males to be overweight or obese. Older youth were 73% less likely to be overweight or obese than younger youth. Youth whose parents were obese were more than two times more likely to be overweight or obese than those whose parents were at a desirable weight. Youth in Puerto Rico have higher rates of overweight and obesity and lower compliance to moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines than rates reported for youth on the mainland. More population-based research is needed to understand the epidemiology of obesity and overweight among island Puerto Rican youth and the contribution of physical activity to the phenomenon.

Illegal drug use and its correlates in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Caetano, Raul; Vaeth, Patrice A C; Canino, Glorisa

2018-04-01

Data on the prevalence and correlates of illegal drug use in Puerto Rico are now almost 20 years old. This study sought to estimate the 12-month prevalence of illegal and non-prescribed medical drug use in San Juan, Puerto Rico and identify sociodemographic correlates of use. Data are from a random household sample of 1510 individuals, 18-64 years of age in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The 12-month prevalence of any illegal or non-prescribed drug use was 16.5%. Prevalence among men (20.7%) was higher than among women (12.9%; chi 2  = 16.308; df = 1; p  .05) were negatively associated with drug use compared to annual income up to $10,000. As in many other places in the U.S., drug use in San Juan, Puerto Rico is high, affecting about 1 in 6 adults in the population. The highest prevalence is for marijuana use, which cannot be medically prescribed and of which recreational use is illegal on the island. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Puerto Rico Relative Vulnerability to Erosion

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Physical factors, such as the slope of the land, the texture of the soil, and the precipitation regime influence erosion in an area. Parts of Puerto Rico are very...

Anthropology in a postcolonial colony: Helen I. Safa's contribution to Puerto Rican ethnography.

Science.gov (United States)

Duany, Jorge

2010-01-01

This article assesses Helen I. Safa's legacy to anthropological thought in Puerto Rico. The first part of the article locates Safa's research on the Island within a long tradition of fieldwork by U.S. scholars since the early twentieth century. More recent research, conducted mostly by Puerto Rican women anthropologists and other social scientists, has expanded upon Safa's insights on gender and work. The second part of the essay analyzes Safa's major empirical work, The Urban Poor of Puerto Rico: A Study in Development and Inequality. Above all, this book helped overcome the theoretical impasse over the culture of poverty that characterized much of urban anthropology during the 1960s and 1970s. The article concludes with an appraisal of the relevance of Safa's work for the ethnography of contemporary Puerto Rico.

The Island Image and Global Links in Puerto Rican Cinema of the 21st Century

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María Cristina Rodríguez

2015-11-01

Full Text Available This essay looks back at the production of Puerto Rican films in the 1980s and 1990s as the point of departure for young Puerto Rican filmmakers in the first decades of the 21st century. Even as the stories of this newer generation differ, their concern with the island image and diasporic movement continue to question Puerto Rican identity. Problems of local film production and outside distribution remain for each film project. This essay analyzes a number of key films by a diverse group of directors whose goal is to rethink the concept of a Puerto Rican cinema.

Reflexiones sobre la deserción escolar en Finlandia y Puerto Rico Reflections about school dropout in Finland and Puerto Rico Reflexões sobre a evasão escolar na Finlândia e em Porto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy Viana

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta reflexiones sobre algunos factores claves que ayudan a comprender porque en Finlandia la deserción escolar es prácticamente inexistente mientras que en Puerto Rico es un problema significativo. Se encontraron varias razones que explican el hecho. Finlandia tiene buenos servicios de apoyo al estudiante, sus maestros cuentan con mayor libertad de cátedra, la desigualdad social existe en menor escala, la educación escolar y universitaria, y los servicios de salud son gratuitos y la preparación de los maestros es más rigurosa. En base a los datos de este estudio, se consideró apropiado formular un modelo para ayudar a entender la problemática de la deserción escolar como sistema social complejo. Para la formulación de ese modelo se utilizó un diagrama causal, que es una herramienta proveniente de la teoría de dinámica de sistemas.

Psychosocial risk factors and asthma among adults in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Yueh-Ying; Forno, Erick; Canino, Glorisa; Celedón, Juan C

2018-05-08

Asthma and psychosocial stressors are common among Puerto Rican adults living in the United States. We estimated the prevalence of current asthma, and examined potential psychosocial risk factors and current asthma, among adults in Puerto Rico. Cross-sectional study of 3,049 Puerto Ricans aged 18-64 years living in Puerto Rico between May 2014 and June 2016. A structured interview was conducted to obtain information on demographics, lifestyles, mental disorders, and respiratory health. Current asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma and still having asthma. Two-sample t tests (for continuous variables) or chi-square tests (for categorical variables) were used in bivariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine psychosocial risk factors and current asthma. The estimated prevalence of current asthma was 10.2%. In a multivariable analysis, exposure to violence (odds ratio [OR] for each 1-point increment in a validated scale = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.21) and a lifetime history of at least one suicide attempt (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.80 to 5.01) were significantly associated with current asthma, independently of major depressive disorder. Moreover, a lifetime history of at least one suicide attempt was associated with co-existing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (i.e. asthma-COPD overlap syndrome or ACOS (OR = 9.05, 95% CI = 3.32-24.67). Our findings suggest that asthma is a major health problem among adults in Puerto Rico, with psychosocial risk factors playing a significant role on asthma and ACOS. Addressing chronic stressors and mental illness should be part of comprehensive strategies to reduce asthma burden in this population.

Efficient Algorithm for a k-out-of-N System Reliability Modeling-Case Study: Pitot Sensors System for Aircraft Velocity

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Wajih Ezzeddine

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The k-out-of-N system is widely applied in several industrial systems. This structure is a part of fault-tolerant systems for which both parallel and series systems are special cases. Because of the importance of industrial systems reliability determination for production and maintenance management purposes, a number of techniques and methods are incorporated to formulate and estimate its analytic expression. In this paper, an algorithm is put forward for a k-out-of-N system with identical components under information about the influence factors that affect the system efficiency. The developed approach is applied in the case of the Pitot sensors system. However, the algorithm application could be generalized for any device which during a mission is subject to environmental and operational factors that affect its degradation process.

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (San Juan), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (East Culebra), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (La Pargue), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (La Parguera), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Cabo Rojo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Cabo Rojo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (East Culebra), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Hero/Heroine Modeling for Puerto Rican Adolescents: A Preventive Mental Health Intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Malgady, Robert G.; And Others

1990-01-01

Developed hero/heroine intervention based on adult Puerto Rican role models to foster ethnic identity, self-concept, and adaptive coping behavior. Screened 90 Puerto Rican eighth and ninth graders for presenting behavior problems in school and randomly assigned them to intervention or control groups. After 19 sessions, intervention significantly…

Metodología para la construcción de indicadores ambientales para el monitoreo de puertos

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Osorio Arias 1 Andrés F.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available La actividad portuaria genera impactos negativos que deterioran la calidad ambiental en las zonas de influencia, conllevando con esto a un deterioro de la calidad de vida de las poblaciones humanas asentadas en los alrededores por exposición a la contaminación y por cambios en los hábitos de relacionamiento social y cultural. Esta es una propuesta dirigida hacia la construcción de la ruta metodológica para elaborar indicadores ambientales, con el fin de mejores monitoreos a la calidad ambiental en zonas portuarias y, además, apoyar la gestión de la autoridad ambiental en la toma de decisiones. La investigación se ha basado en la realidad actual del monitoreo portuario en Colombia, replicable a cualquier otro país para proponer nuevos indicadores de medición, basados en el contexto socioambiental que los rodea, en los diferentes componentes físico, biótico y social, de cara hacia el uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y del desarrollo sostenible.

Web social y alfabetización informacional: experiencia en la Universidad de Puerto Rico

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Liz M. Pagán

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación se explora y describe la adopción de la web social para la alfabetización informacional por parte de las bibliotecas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR. Los objetivos de este estudio son: identificar las tecnologías de la web social utilizadas por los bibliotecarios para la alfabetización informacional; identificar y examinar la extensión en el uso de las tecnologías; evaluar las actitudes de los bibliotecarios hacia la aplicación de la web social; y la conexión que establecen con los estándares de la Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL. El enfoque metodológico del estudio es cualitativo y se utiliza el cuestionario y la entrevista como técnicas para la recogida de datos. Los resultados muestran que el 82% de los participantes de este estudio utilizan la web social para la alfabetización informacional de los usuarios. Las tecnologías de mayor uso son: blogs, redes sociales, media sharing y mashup. El media sharing (Flickr, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, blog y redes sociales obtuvieron mayor frecuencia de uso por parte de los bibliotecarios. Los participantes presentaron una actitud de aceptación hacia la aplicación de la web social para la alfabetización informacional. En su mayoría, expresaron la conexión que establecen entre las normas de ACRL y el uso de la web social a través de la enseñanza. A partir de los resultados de este estudio, se presentan recomendaciones respecto a la aplicación actual de las herramientas de la web social para la alfabetización en información.

La erradicación de la malaria en Puerto Rico

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Miranda Franco Rafael

1997-01-01

Full Text Available For decades, malaria was a serious public health problem in Puerto Rico. In 1962, that country became the first tropical territory in the Americas, and possibly in the world, to receive certification from WHO for having eradicated malaria and having declared itself free of the disease. This report chronicles the tremendous effort that was dedicated to the eradication campaign in Puerto Rico, which took place in the first part of this century.

A Transnational Colonial Migration: Puerto Rico’s Farm Labor Program

OpenAIRE

Jorge Duany

2010-01-01

In this article, the author defines Puerto Rico as a nation, an imagined community with its own territory, history, language, and culture. Nevertheless, the Island lacks a sovereign state, an independent government that represents the population of that territory. This unsovereign state has long sponsored population displacements from Puerto Rico to the United States. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, colonial officials embraced migration as a safety valve for the Island’s overpop...

Changes in food habits in Puerto Vallarta (Mexico

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Ricardo Ávila

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Changements d’habitudes alimentaires à Puerto Vallarta (Mexique Située sur la côte Pacifique mexicaine, Puerto Vallarta est aujourd’hui une destination touristique réputée. Elle est également une destination gourmet, en raison de la variété et du raffinement de son « offre » gastronomique. Néanmoins, celle-ci ne représente qu’une partie de l’énorme éventail de possibilités culinaires cohabitant dans cette cité-port, résultat d’une transformation sociale vertigineuse qui s’est produite au cours des trois dernières décennies. Dans le texte qui suit, après une brève explication de l’évolution historique de Puerto Vallarta en relation avec l’arrivée de traditions culinaires extérieures, on tente de décrire la perception de cette nouvelle offre gastronomique chez les habitants locaux pour la mettre en rapport avec un possible ethos culturel local. On émet finalement l’hypothèse selon laquelle la juxtaposition des différentes offres gastronomiques locales n’est autre qu’une prolongation de certains « modèles alimentaires », génératrice d’une nouvelle identité socio-culturelle.Puerto Vallarta, located on the Mexican Pacific coast, is now a prestigious tourist destination. It is also considered a venue for gourmet cooks, due to the elaborate variety of gastronomy available. Nevertheless, what meets the eye is only part of a motley crowd of culinary possibilities that emerge simultaneously in this port, which in turn is the result of giddy social changes over the last three decades. The following text gives a brief explanation of the historic evolution of Puerto Vallarta regarding the introduction of different culinary traditions; it explores the perceptions of local inhabitants of these gastronomic innovations; these perceptions are duly related to a supposed local cultural ethos; and finally it proposes that the juxtaposition of what is on offer gastronomically is an extension of certain �

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: FISH (Fish Polygons)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: MGT (Management Areas)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: INVERT (Invertebrate Polygons)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico Above Ground Biomass Map, 2000

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — This image dataset details the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico above-ground forest biomass (AGB) (baseline 2000) developed by the United States (US) Environmental...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: INVERT (Invertebrate Lines)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: FISHL (Fish Lines)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Four New Ladybug Species Belonging to Decadiomus Chapin (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Segarra-Carmona, A E; Otero, M

2014-12-01

While searching for native natural enemies attacking invasive insect pests in Puerto Rico, we found four undescribed ladybug species belonging to the Caribbean ladybug genus Decadiomus Chapin. In this article, we describe the following species from Puerto Rico: Decadiomus seini n. sp., Decadiomus ramosi n. sp., Decadiomus hayuyai n. sp., and Decadiomus martorelli n. sp. Illustrations of the dorsal habitus, shape of prosternal carinae, and drawings of male and female genitalia are presented. We also present a key for Diomini of Puerto Rico and discuss their importance as potential biocontrol agents.

Hurricanes, climate change and the cholera epidemic in Puerto Rico of 1855-1856.

Science.gov (United States)

Christenson, Bernard

2008-01-01

Hurricanes and global climate changes may affect the environmental factors of cholera dynamics in warm coastal areas, vulnerable to seasonal or sporadic outbreaks. The cholera epidemic of Puerto Rico in 1855-1856 had a profound effect on the Puerto Rican society; but it was not influenced by any climatic events, such as preceding hurricanes or storms based on past documentary sources. Particularly, the environmental non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio Cholerae in Puerto Rican water sources can maintain their pathogenic potential for sporadic or erratic toxigenic cholera outbreaks--if a "perfect storm" ever occurs.

The Indians of Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Saunders, Robert; And Others

Produced for use in a coordinated program of studies for students in the Connecticut Migratory Children's Program and for other students whose native language is Spanish, this book about the Indians of Puerto Rico is intended as supplementary reading material for pre-school through fifth grade. The book, illustrated with black and white drawings,…

Underuse of Radiation Therapy After Breast Conservation Surgery in Puerto Rico: A Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry–Health Insurance Linkage Database Study

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William W. Chance

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose: To identify rates of postoperative radiation therapy (RT after breast conservation surgery (BCS in women with stage I or II invasive breast cancer treated in Puerto Rico and to examine the sociodemographic and health services characteristics associated with variations in receipt of RT. Methods: The Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry–Health Insurance Linkage Database was used to identify patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2008 and 2012 in Puerto Rico. Claims codes identified the type of surgery and the use of RT. Logistic regression models were used to examine the independent association between sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: Among women who received BCS as their primary definitive treatment, 64% received adjuvant RT. Significant predictors of RT after BCS included enrollment in Medicare (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.13; P ≤ .01 and dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.27; P 2.0 cm and ≤ 5.0 cm (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.93; P = .02 and those with tumor size > 5.0 cm (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.92; P = .03 were found to be significantly less likely to receive RT. Conclusion: Underuse of RT after BCS was identified in Puerto Rico. Patients enrolled in Medicare and those who were dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare were more likely to receive RT after BCS compared with patients with Medicaid alone. There were geographic variations in the receipt of RT on the island.

Estimated Bathymetry of the Puerto Rico shelf

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This classification of estimated depth represents the relative bathymetry of Puerto Rico's shallow waters based on Landsat imagery for NOAA's Coastal Centers for...

Initial Public Health Laboratory Response After Hurricane Maria - Puerto Rico, 2017.

Science.gov (United States)

Concepción-Acevedo, Jeniffer; Patel, Anita; Luna-Pinto, Carolina; Peña, Rafael González; Cuevas Ruiz, Rosa Ivette; Arbolay, Héctor Rivera; Toro, Mayra; Deseda, Carmen; De Jesus, Victor R; Ribot, Efrain; Gonzalez, Jennifer-Quiñones; Rao, Gouthami; De Leon Salazar, Alfonsina; Ansbro, Marisela; White, Brunilís B; Hardy, Margaret C; Georgi, Joaudimir Castro; Stinnett, Rita; Mercante, Alexandra M; Lowe, David; Martin, Haley; Starks, Angela; Metchock, Beverly; Johnston, Stephanie; Dalton, Tracy; Joglar, Olga; Stafford, Cortney; Youngblood, Monica; Klein, Katherine; Lindstrom, Stephen; Berman, LaShondra; Galloway, Renee; Schafer, Ilana J; Walke, Henry; Stoddard, Robyn; Connelly, Robin; McCaffery, Elaine; Rowlinson, Marie-Claire; Soroka, Stephen; Tranquillo, Darin T; Gaynor, Anne; Mangal, Chris; Wroblewski, Kelly; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Salerno, Reynolds M; Lozier, Matthew; Sunshine, Brittany; Shapiro, Craig; Rose, Dale; Funk, Renee; Pillai, Satish K; O'Neill, Eduardo

2018-03-23

Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, causing major damage to infrastructure and severely limiting access to potable water, electric power, transportation, and communications. Public services that were affected included operations of the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH), which provides critical laboratory testing and surveillance for diseases and other health hazards. PRDOH requested assistance from CDC for the restoration of laboratory infrastructure, surveillance capacity, and diagnostic testing for selected priority diseases, including influenza, rabies, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and tuberculosis. PRDOH, CDC, and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) collaborated to conduct rapid needs assessments and, with assistance from the CDC Foundation, implement a temporary transport system for shipping samples from Puerto Rico to the continental United States for surveillance and diagnostic and confirmatory testing. This report describes the initial laboratory emergency response and engagement efforts among federal, state, and nongovernmental partners to reestablish public health laboratory services severely affected by Hurricane Maria. The implementation of a sample transport system allowed Puerto Rico to reinitiate priority infectious disease surveillance and laboratory testing for patient and public health interventions, while awaiting the rebuilding and reinstatement of PRDOH laboratory services.

Utilização de máquina fotográfica digital (multi-burst) para aulas experimentais de cinemática - queda livre

OpenAIRE

Corveloni,E.P. Moraes; Gomes,E.S.; Sampaio,A.R.; Mendes,A.F.; Costa,V.L.L.; Viscovini,R.C.

2009-01-01

Nesse trabalho foi utilizada uma máquina fotográfica digital, com a função multi-burst (fotos tiradas em sequência) para analisar o movimento de queda livre e com os dados obtidos calcular o valor da aceleração da gravidade local. Para avaliar o experimento, foi também calculado um valor teórico para aceleração da gravidade local. Comparado com o obtido experimentalmente, foi possível observar um desvio pequeno, o que mostrou que a máquina fotográfica digital pode ser uma boa ferramenta pedag...

Voces de los Menores Inmigrantes en el Sistema de Cuidado Sustituto de Puerto Rico

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Evelyza Crespo-Rivera

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo central de esta investigación es comprender las experiencias de los menores inmigrantes bajo la custodia del Estado. Además, busca describir la política pública y las prácticas diseñadas por el Estado para responder a las necesidades de los menores inmigrantes desde la realidad jurídica social de Puerto Rico. El estudio es cualitativa y el enfoque que se utilizó es la técnica de la triangulación de datos para poder construir las situaciones por las cuales los participantes atravesaron y al mismo tiempo, comparar sus percepciones con los escritos de las agencias sociales y las políticas estatales que abogan a favor de la protección, la seguridad, la calidad de vida y la no discriminación. La investigación permite concluir que son los menores de la población inmigrante quienes pueden relatar sus vivencias y construir un marco de referencia para mejorar la intervención y la aplicación de las políticas existentes. El estudio recomienda que se incluyan a aquellos que fueron inmigrantes bajo la custodia del estado en comitivas de distintos grupos de interes que abogan por el bienestar de tal población.

The Spanish of Ponce, Puerto Rico: A Phonetic, Phonological, and Intonational Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Luna, Kenneth Vladimir

2010-01-01

This study investigates four aspects of Puerto Rican Spanish as represented in the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce: the behavior of coda /[alveolar flap]/, the behavior of /r/, the different realizations of coda /s/, and its intonational phonology. Previous studies on Puerto Rican Spanish report that coda /[alveolar flap]/ is normally realized as…

Is English a Language Barrier to Public Higher Education in Puerto Rico?

Science.gov (United States)

Bischoff, Shannon

2017-01-01

The goal of this paper was to address the question, "Have the austerity measures enacted due to the global economic crisis impacted student enrollments at the University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez?" as Rodríguez (2011. "Social protest and the future of Higher Education in Puerto Rico." "Academe" 97(4).…

Lessons Learned from the Puerto Rico Battery Energy Storage System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boyes, John D.; De Anda, Mindi Farber; Torres, Wenceslao

1999-08-11

The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The Puerto Rico facility is presently the largest operating battery storage system in the world and has successfully provided frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reseme to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. However, the facility has suffered accelerated cell failures in the past year and PREPA is committed to restoring the plant to full capacity. This represents the first repowering of a large utility battery facility. PREPA and its vendors and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation, which are summarized in this paper.

Energy Colonialism Powers the Ongoing Unnatural Disaster in Puerto Rico

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Catalina M. de Onís

2018-01-01

Full Text Available On September 20, 2017, Hurricane María made landfall in Puerto Rico. Blasting the Caribbean archipelago with 155-mile/h winds, this, in many ways, unnatural disaster exposed the brutal consequences of energy colonialism and an extractivist economy, as well as ongoing and increasing advocacy for decentralized solar infrastructure by many local residents and other renewables supporters. This paper argues that acknowledging colonial power relations and their consequences is essential for studying the interplay of energy systems, environments, and actors. To support this claim, this essay outlines Puerto Rico’s history as a US colony by focusing on key policies and their implications; examines openings for and barriers to decentralized, community solar in Puerto Rico; and concludes by discussing future research directions on just energy transitions and the imperative of uprooting colonialism and agitating for community self-determination and energy justice in these transformations.

Disproportionate impact of diabetes in a Puerto Rican community of Chicago.

Science.gov (United States)

Whitman, Steve; Silva, Abigail; Shah, Ami M

2006-12-01

We assessed the impact of diabetes in a large Puerto Rican community of Chicago by measuring the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and calculating the diabetes mortality rate. Data were analyzed from a comprehensive health survey conducted in randomly selected households in community areas. Questions on diagnosed diabetes and selected risk factors were asked. In addition, vital records data were analyzed in order to calculate the age-adjusted diabetes mortality rate. When possible, rates were compared to those found in other studies. The diabetes prevalence located in this community (20.8%: 95% CI = 10.1%-38.0%) is the highest ever reported for Puerto Ricans and one of the highest ever reported in the United States for a non-Native American population. For instance, it is twice the prevalence for Puerto Ricans in New York (11.3%) and Puerto Rico (9.3%-9.6%). Diagnosed diabetes was found to be significantly associated with obesity (p = 0.023). The prevalence was particularly high among older people, females, those born in the US, and those with a family history of diabetes. Notably, the diabetes mortality rate (67.6 per 100,000 population) was more than twice the rate for all of Chicago (31.2) and the US (25.4). Understanding why the diabetes prevalence and mortality rates for Puerto Ricans in this community are so much higher than those of other communities is imperative for primary and secondary prevention. Collaboration between researchers, service providers and community members can help address the issues of diabetes education, early screening and diagnosis, and effective treatment needed in this community.

Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Bossart, Gregory D.; Mignucci-Ginannoni, Antonio A.; Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L.; Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M.; Camus, Alvin C.; Bonde, Robert K.; Dubey, Jitender P.; Reif, John S.

2012-01-01

Necropsies were conducted on 4 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus that were stranded in single events on the coastal beaches of Puerto Rico from August 2010 to August 2011. Three manatees were emaciated and the gastrointestinal tracts were devoid of digesta. Microscopically, all manatees had severe widespread inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and heart with intralesional tachyzoites consistent with Toxoplasma gondii identified by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The gastrointestinal lesions included severe, multifocal to diffuse, chronic-active enteritis, colitis and/or gastritis often with associated ulceration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Enteric leiomyositis was severe and locally extensive in all cases and associated with the most frequently observed intralesional protozoans. Moderate to severe, multifocal, chronic to chronic-active, necrotizing myocarditis was also present in all cases. Additionally, less consistent inflammatory lesions occurred in the liver, lung and a mesenteric lymph node and were associated with fewer tachyzoites. Sera (n = 30) collected from free-ranging and captive Puerto Rican manatees and a rehabilitated/released Puerto Rican manatee from 2003 to 2012 were tested for antibodies for T. gondii. A positive T. gondii antibody titer was found in 2004 in 1 (3%) of the free-ranging cases tested. Disease caused by T. gondii is rare in manatees. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. Additionally, these are the first reported cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in any sirenian. The documentation of 4 cases of toxoplasmosis within one year and the extremely low seroprevalence to T. gondiisuggest that toxoplasmosis may be an emerging disease in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico.

Shapefile of the bathymetric contours of Lago Lucchetti, Puerto Rico, September 2013-May 2014

Data.gov (United States)

Department of the Interior — The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a sedimentation survey of Lago Lucchetti, Yauco, Puerto Rico, in 2013–14 in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer...

Environmental policy and industrialization: The politics of regulation in Puerto Rico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Concepcion, C.M.

1990-01-01

The effects of economic development on environmental regulation in Puerto Rico are examined. In particular, the research analyzes how the Puerto Rican industrialization process has affected implementation of the environmental-review process. Puerto Rico exemplifies an acute conflict between an industrialization process based on capital-intensive, highly polluting industries, and a regulatory framework of insular and US environmental laws and regulations. While industrialization has not solved unemployment problems on the island, environmental and health hazards have increased significantly, despite environmental regulations. The study focuses on a change in the environmental review process in response to economic development concerns. In particular, it examines the growth and extensive use of a new environmental review document, the Environmental Assessment. This study explains this policy shift and, more fundamentally, analyzes how and under what circumstances this change came about

Despojo, baldíos y conflicto armado en Puerto Gaitán y Mapiripán (Meta, Colombia entre 1980 y 2010

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Ivonne Rodríguez González

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo busca mostrar cómo ocurrió el despojo y la concentración de tierras baldías, y el desarrollo del conflicto en Puerto Gaitán y Mapiripán entre 1980 y 2010. A partir del análisis de registros públicos, mapas y entrevistas realizadas en terreno, este trabajo concluyó que los mecanismos desarrollados por el gobierno para desarrollar una reforma agraria no garantizaron seguridad en los derechos de propiedad, desatando constantes ciclos de despojo.

Development of a Brief Scale for Social Support: Reliability and validity in Puerto Rico

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Guillermo Bernal

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El apoyo social es una interacción humana en la que recursos sociales, emocionales, instrumentales y recreacionales son intercambiados. Este fenómeno social está asociado al estrés, la depresión y a los problemas de salud mental. Este estudio instrumental presenta el desarrollo y evaluación de un Cuestionario de Apoyo Social (CAS como parte de un estudio más amplio que pretende desarrollar instrumentos psicosociales válidos y confiables en el contexto puertorriqueño. El CAS fue diseñado para evaluar la necesidad de apoyo emocional, interpersonal y material. También la satisfacción con el apoyo recibido fue evaluado. Cuatrocientos sesenta y cuatro estudiantes puertorriqueños de la Universidad de Puerto Rico participaron en este estudio. Los resultados demostraron una consistencia interna de 0,68 para los siete reactivos de necesidad y de 0,89 para los dos reactivos de satisfacción con el apoyo recibido. Las dimensiones principales de la escala fueron analizadas utilizando un análisis confirmatorio de factores (CFA, por sus siglas en inglés. Varios modelos fueron diseñados basados en el CFA y comparados. Los datos apoyaron un modelo de tres factores con siete reactivos a escala de necesidad de apoyo social. El aspecto multidimensional del constructo de apoyo social (necesidad emocional, interpersonal, instrumental fue apoyado por los datos. El uso de esta escala breve para evaluar apoyo social es discutido.

Emigration From Puerto Rico to Florida: Multivariate Analysis of Factors That Condition Attitudes of the Puerto Rican Population Toward Organ Donation for Transplant.

Science.gov (United States)

Ríos, A; López-Navas, A I; Sánchez, Á; Martínez-Alarcón, L; Ayala, M A; Garrido, G; Sebastián, M J; Ramis, G; Hernández, A M; Ramírez, P; Parrilla, P

2018-03-01

The Puerto Rican population represents one of the largest immigration groups in Florida, and this has an impact on the organ transplant donation process. Our aim was to analyze attitudes toward organ donation among Puerto Ricans who currently reside in the state of Florida (USA). The population screened consisted of individuals >15 years old, who were born in Puerto Rico, living in Florida, and awaiting organs for transplant. All participants completed the "PCID-DTO Rios" questionnaire. Random selection was done according to stratification. Support from immigration associations in Spain was needed for advice on the locations of potential respondents. Study participation was anonymized and self-administered. There were 259 respondents, 37% (n = 95) were in favor of donation, 36% (n = 93) were against donation, and 27% (n = 71) were undecided. The variables associated with these attitudes were: age (P = .017); civil status (P = .021); level of education (P donation and transplant (P donation of a relative (P donation (P donation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isla de Desecheo), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isla de Mona), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands;Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isla de Vieques), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isla de Vieques), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; Photomosaic of Puerto Rico (Isla de Culebra), 1999

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Habitat maps of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were created by visual interpretation of aerial photographs using the Habitat Digitizer Extension. Aerial...

The Puerto Ricans--Two Communities, One Culture. (Los Puertorriquenos--Dos Comunidades, Una Cultura.)

Science.gov (United States)

Vivo, Paquita

1980-01-01

Puerto Rican roots stem from the ethnic mixture of Indians, Europeans, and Africans. This article describes the advent of each of the groups on the island, the historical and cultural impact each made, and the retention of heritage among Puerto Rican migrants to the U.S. (DS)

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a native Puerto Rican patient.

Science.gov (United States)

Del Pilar-Morales, Esteban A; Cali, Ignazio; Chapas, Javier; Bertrán-Pasarell, Jorge; Puoti, Gianfranco; Gambetti, Pierluigi; Nobo, Ulises

2015-03-01

The diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is often a challenge for most physicians given its extremely low incidence and different clinico-pathological presentations. We report the case of a 56-year old patient native to Puerto Rico suspected of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCD). The symptoms at onset were notorious for bilateral cortical blindness followed by rapidly progressive cognitive decline, visual deficit, increased levels of CSF 14-3-3 and tau along with positive brain MRI and EEG, are highly indicative of CJD. The definite diagnosis was confirmed by the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC), in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Lack of genetic mutations in the prion protein (PrP) gene, widespread histopathological changes and the accumulation of scrapie PrP (PrPSc) in the brain confirmed the diagnosis of sCJD. The patient, admitted to our institution in 2011, represents the first detailed report of sCJD in a native Puerto Rican patient living in Puerto Rico.

Boricua de pura cepa: Ethnic identity, cultural stress and self-concept in Puerto Rican youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhen-Duan, Jenny; Jacquez, Farrah; Sáez-Santiago, Emily

2018-05-17

The available literature on ethnic identity among Puerto Ricans has focused on those living in the United States, with little to no attention placed on examining ethnic identity and psychological constructs among youth living in Puerto Rico. Using a colonial mentality framework, the current study examined the associations between ethnic identity, cultural stress, and self-concept among adolescent boys and girls living in Puerto Rico. The current cross-sectional study surveyed participants (N = 187) recruited from several junior high schools in the metropolitan area in Puerto Rico. Relations between ethnic identity, cultural stress, and self-concept differed by gender. First, cultural stress was associated with self-concept for boys, such that higher cultural stress predicted lower self-concept. Second, among girls, cultural stress moderated the relation between ethnic identity and self-concept. Specifically, for girls experiencing high cultural stress, exploration and resolution of their ethnic identity was associated with higher ratings of self-concept. Although cultural stress has been widely understood as a phenomena associated with immigrants, our study indicated that cultural stress is important in understanding self-concept of youth living in Puerto Rico. For boys, cultural stress, but not ethnic identity, is particularly important to their self-concept. Among girls experiencing high cultural stress, exploration and resolution of ethnic identity was associated with higher self-concept. Results suggested that the cultural stress associated with the colonial context of Puerto Rico is salient in ethnic identity and self-concept development, even though Puerto Rican youth are the ethnic majority in the island. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

7 CFR 319.73-3 - Conditions for transit movement of certain products through Puerto Rico or Hawaii.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... through Puerto Rico or Hawaii. 319.73-3 Section 319.73-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... or Hawaii. (a) Mail. Samples of unroasted coffee that are transiting Hawaii or Puerto Rico en route.... These samples must be returned to origin or forwarded to a destination outside Hawaii or Puerto Rico in...

Epidemiological Profile of Hispanics Admitted With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Puerto Rico: The Experience of 2007, 2009 and 2011.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernandez-Suarez, Dagmar F; Osterman-Pla, Anthony D; Carrasquillo, Onelys; Aranda, Juan; Baez, Stella; Lopez, Mariel; Garcia-Rivera, Enid J

2017-06-01

A limited number of studies have been published about coronary artery disease in Hispanics, particularly among the Puerto Rican population. The aim of this study was to present a clinical epidemiological profile and management practices in patients hospitalized in Puerto Rico with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This secondary data analysis from the Puerto Rico Cardiovascular Surveillance Study included 6,162 patients at 19 hospitals in Puerto Rico, during years 2007, 2009 and 2011. The mean age of the patients diagnosed with AMI was 67 ± 13.6 years old, with women being older than men (P Puerto Rico.

Turismo, identidad y espacio público en Puerto Vallarta, México. Apuntes sobre tres intervenciones recientes

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José Alfonso Baños Francia

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Puerto Vallarta es un destino turístico en México caracterizado por su imagen de poblado tradicional en la playa. Recientemente se ha experimentado un descenso en el número de visitantes y una estrategia de reposicionamiento consistió en regenerar espacios públicos emblemáticos para ofertarlos como productos renovados. En la participación se exponen tres intervenciones significativas (Malecón, Muelle y Pasarela inserciones que se alejan del concepto tradicional de identidad arquitectónica y vivencia pública del espacio, recurriendo a la tematización y montaje escenográfico, modelando paisajes homogéneos destinados a cumplir con los imaginarios y deseos de los turistas contemporáneos.

MÓDULO CONDUCTUAL INMERSO EN UNA ARQUITECTURA DE CONTROL PARA SISTEMAS MULTI-ROBOTS

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Ángel Eduardo Gil Pérez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe el diseño de un módulo conductual para robots de propósito general, implementado en el marco de una arquitectura de control para sistemas multi-robots.El mismo está estructurado en cuatro capas: reactiva, cognitiva, social, y una capa transversal que gestiona un conjunto de emociones básicas, que afectan de forma directael comportamiento del robot y su disposición hacia la ejecución de las tareas y hacia la interrelación con los otros individuos del sistema (es decir, a las otras capas. El objetivo de la arquitectura es brindar una plataforma que facilite los procesos de auto-organización y emergencia del sistema.Se propone un modelo emocional, que toma en consideración cuatro emociones básicas y un estado neutro; esto con el fin de dotar a los robots de un factor adicional que influya en su funcionamiento, que puede ser determinante cuando estos enfrentan situaciones donde la incertidumbre se hace presente. De esta forma, se busca mejorar su proceso de toma de decisión y su adaptación a las dinámicas presentes en el entorno, en particular analizando la influencia de las emociones en sistemas de este tipo.

Language Policy in Puerto Rico's Higher Education: Opening the Door for Translanguaging Practices

Science.gov (United States)

Carroll, Kevin S.; Mazak, Catherine M.

2017-01-01

This paper investigates the relationship between meso university language policies in Puerto Rico and their micro instantiations in an undergraduate psychology classroom. We describe a typology of language policies used by 38 universities and campuses in Puerto Rico where their openness allows for flexible implementation of everyday micro policy.…

Perspectives of Puerto Rican Adults about Heart Health and a Potential Community Program

Science.gov (United States)

Todorova, Irina L. G.; Tejada, Shirley; Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen

2014-01-01

Background: Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic group in the United States, and older adults have significant health disparities. Educational programs that address heart disease risk for this population have rarely been developed and implemented. Purpose: To address this gap, the Heart Healthy Initiative for Puerto Rican adults is being…

Estimated prevalence of dengue viremia in Puerto Rican blood donations, 1995 through 2010.

Science.gov (United States)

Petersen, Lyle R; Tomashek, Kay M; Biggerstaff, Brad J

2012-08-01

Dengue virus (DENV) nucleic acid amplification testing of blood donations during epidemics in endemic locations, including Puerto Rico, has suggested possible sizable transfusion transmission risk. Estimates of the long-term prevalence of DENV viremic donations will help evaluate the potential magnitude of this risk in Puerto Rico. Estimates of the prevalence of DENV viremia in the Puerto Rican population at large from 1995 through 2010 were derived from dengue case reports and their onset dates obtained from islandwide surveillance, estimates of case underreporting, and extant data on the duration of DENV viremia and the unapparent-to-apparent dengue infection ratio. Under the assumptions that viremia prevalence in blood donors was similar to that of the population at large and that symptomatic persons do not donate, statistical resampling methods were used to estimate the prevalence of dengue viremia in blood donations. Over the 16-year period, the maximum and mean daily prevalences of dengue viremia (per 10,000) in blood donations in Puerto Rico were estimated at 45.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.5-55.4) and 7.0 (95% CI, 3.9-10.1), respectively. Prevalence varied considerably by season and year. These data suggest a substantial prevalence of DENV viremia in Puerto Rican blood donations, particularly during outbreaks. © 2012 American Association of Blood Banks.

SalHUD--A Graphical Interface to Public Health Data in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Ortiz-Zuazaga, Humberto G; Arce-Corretjer, Roberto; Solá-Sloan, Juan M; Conde, José G

2015-12-22

This paper describes SalHUD, a prototype web-based application for visualizing health data from Puerto Rico. Our initial focus was to provide interactive maps displaying years of potential life lost (YPLL). The public-use mortality file for year 2008 was downloaded from the Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics website. Data was processed with R, Python and EpiInfo to calculate years of potential life lost for the leading causes of death on each of the 78 municipalities in the island. Death records were classified according to ICD-10 codes. YPLL for each municipality was integrated into AtlasPR, a D3 Javascript map library. Additional Javascript, HTML and CSS programing was required to display maps as a web-based interface. YPLL for all municipalities are displayed on a map of Puerto Rico for each of the ten leading causes of death and for all causes combined, so users may dynamically explore the impact of premature mortality. This work is the first step in providing the general public in Puerto Rico with user-friendly, interactive, visual access to public health data that is usually published in numerical, text-based media.

SalHUD—A Graphical Interface to Public Health Data in Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Humberto G. Ortiz-Zuazaga

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose: This paper describes SalHUD, a prototype web-based application for visualizing health data from Puerto Rico. Our initial focus was to provide interactive maps displaying years of potential life lost (YPLL. Methods: The public-use mortality file for year 2008 was downloaded from the Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics website. Data was processed with R, Python and EpiInfo to calculate years of potential life lost for the leading causes of death on each of the 78 municipalities in the island. Death records were classified according to ICD-10 codes. YPLL for each municipality was integrated into AtlasPR, a D3 Javascript map library. Additional Javascript, HTML and CSS programing was required to display maps as a web-based interface. Results: YPLL for all municipalities are displayed on a map of Puerto Rico for each of the ten leading causes of death and for all causes combined, so users may dynamically explore the impact of premature mortality. Discussion: This work is the first step in providing the general public in Puerto Rico with user-friendly, interactive, visual access to public health data that is usually published in numerical, text-based media.

Women's employment and changing gender relations in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Warren, Alice Colón

2010-01-01

This article discusses Helen Safa's analyses of the impact of development strategies and social policies on gender relations and women headed families in the Caribbean and Puerto Rico. The discussion focuses on findings of a research project regarding patterns of women's employment, autonomy, marital relations, family headship and poverty in Puerto Rico in the decade beginning in the year 2000, using excerpts from interviews conducted with women workers displaced from a clothing and a tuna factory between 2001 and 2002 (Colón et al. 2008), as well as data from the Public Use Sample (PUMS) of the U.S. Census Puerto Rico Community Survey 2005-2007. It is argued that women's employment has resulted in advances in women's autonomy, gender equity, and renegotiations of the provider role, but, intensified by men's unstable earnings, it has also led to the increase of female family headship even among married women. Women's education and employment have been an important means of reducing family poverty both among dual earner families and female heads. Yet, the continuing joblessness in the Island places even higher educated sectors on the verge of economic precariousness.

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: T_MAMMAL (Terrestrial Mammals)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI and RSI: SHELFBND (Shelf Boundary)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: BENTHIC (Benthic Marine Habitats)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: REPTILES (Reptiles and Amphibians)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

76 FR 1192 - Notice of a Change in Status of an Extended Benefit (EB) Period for Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-07

... Extended Benefit (EB) Period for Puerto Rico AGENCY: Employment and Training Administration, Labor. ACTION... Puerto Rico. The following change has occurred since the publication of the last notice regarding the State's EB status: Puerto Rico's 13-week IUR has fallen below the 6% threshold and does not equal or...

Tortuguero Bay [Puerto Rico] environmental studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood, E.D.; Youngbluth, M.J.; Nutt, M.E.; Yoshioka, P.; Canoy, M.J.

1975-01-01

Site selection surveys and environmental research studies of seven coastal sites in Puerto Rico for construction of power generating facilities were carried out. Data are presented on the physical, chemical, and geological parameters of the Tortuguero Bay site, and the ecological parameters of zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, plant and fish communities. (U.S.)

Diet of the non-native spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Damien Bontemps; Elvira Cuevas; Eileen Ortiz; Joseph Wunderle Jr.; Rafael Joglar

2016-01-01

The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) was introduced to Puerto Rico over 50 years ago with the Tortuguero Lagoon Natural Reserve (TLNR) as its epicenter, where it is now established as an apex predator. Although concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of this naturalized predator on Puerto Rico’s native fauna, little was known of the caiman’s diet...

Tourism and climate conditions in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2000-2010

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Pablo A. Méndez-Lázaro

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The general behavior of the tourism sector in Puerto Rico, with its marked seasonality, hints at a close relationship between tourism activities and climate conditions. Even if weather condition is only one of many variables considered by travelling tourists, climate conditions weigh heavily in the majority of the decisions. The effect of climate variability on the environment could be manifested in warmer temperature, heat waves, and changes in the frequency of extreme weather events, such as severe storms and hurricanes, floods, and sea level rise. These conditions affect different sectors of society, among them public health and the economy. Therefore, our research has two main objectives: to establish a tourism climate index (TCI for Puerto Rico and to analyze if occupancy rates in hotels correspond to local weather conditions. Even though there are many other variables that could have positive or negative effects on tourism activities, results showed a significant association between occupancy rate in Puerto Rico and climate indexes. According to both TCI and the mean historical climate for tourism indexes, the most favorable months for tourism in Puerto Rico were February and March (winter, whereas the worst season was the end of August and the beginning of September (summer-fall. Although winter represents dry conditions and lower temperatures in San Juan, it also represents the highest occupancy rate during the years examined. In summer and fall, data showed high occupancy rates, yet climate conditions were not suitable; these months also correspond to the hurricane season. During this season, high relative occupancy rates responded to internal and local tourism patterns. It can therefore be assumed that until the climate-tourism relationship is well characterized, there is little hope of fully understanding the potential economic effects, detrimental or beneficial, of global climate change, not only on tourism in Puerto Rico, but on

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Acculturation and Social Networks in Puerto Rican Households

Science.gov (United States)

Dhokarh, Rajanigandha; Himmelgreen, David A.; Peng, Yu-Kuei; Segura-Perez, Sofia; Hromi-Fiedler, Amber; Perez-Escamilla, Rafael

2011-01-01

Objective: To examine whether acculturation and social networks influence household food insecurity in an inner-city Puerto Rican community. Methods: A survey was administered to 200 low-income female Puerto Rican caregivers with at least 1 child 12-72 months old living in Hartford, CT. Food insecurity was measured with the Radimer/Cornell Hunger…

Ciencia y economía del guano: La Isla Mona en Puerto Rico, siglo XIX

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María Teresa Cortés Zavala

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se hace una breve historia de la isla de Mona desde los ámbitos de la geología y la arqueología para dimensionar el espacio, los actores sociales involucrados y las distintas actividades efectuadas en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX para aprovechar sus recursos naturales. La participación de autoridades de gobierno, científicos, empresarios y trabajadores tuvo un claro propósito: diversificar las actividades productivas en respuesta a la debilidad del modelo económico y a las crisis cíclicas que se vivían por los altibajos en los precios del azúcar y el café en el mercado internacional. La experiencia exitosa del Perú con la explotación y comercialización del guano en los mercados europeos generó en Puerto Rico múltiples leyendas sobre el potencial económico de las islas de Mona y Monito, que en el mejor de los casos permanecería en el imaginario colectivo como una utopía en la búsqueda del desarrollo económico.

Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Deynes-Exclusa, Yazmin; Sayers-Montalvo, Sean K; Martinez-Taboas, Alfonso

2011-04-01

The only hypnotizability scale that has been translated and validated for the Puerto Rican population is the Barber Suggestibility Scale (BSS). In this article, the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) was translated and validated for this population. The translated SHCS ("Escala Stanford de Hipnosis Clinica" [ESHC]) was administered individually to 100 Puerto Rican college students. There were no significant differences found between the norms of the original SHCS samples and the Spanish version of the SHCS. Both samples showed similar distributions. The Spanish version's internal reliability as well as the item discrimination index were adequate. The authors conclude that the ESHC is an adequate instrument to measure hypnotizability in the Puerto Rican population.

An Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Two Combination Pitot Pressure Probes

Science.gov (United States)

Arend, David J.; Saunders, John D.

2009-01-01

Experimental tests have been completed which recorded the ability of two combination steady state and high response time varying Pitot probe designs to accurately measure steady stagnation pressure at a single location in a flow field. Tests were conducted of double-barreled and coannular Prati probes in a 3.5 in. diameter free jet probe calibration facility from Mach 0.1 to 0.9. Geometric symmetry and pitch (-40 deg to 40 deg) and yaw (0 deg to 40 deg) angle actuation were used to fully evaluate the probes. These tests revealed that the double-barreled configuration induced error in its steady state measurement at zero incidence that increased consistently with jet Mach number to 1.1 percent at Mach 0.9. For all Mach numbers, the double-barreled probe nulled at a pitch angle of approximately 7.0 deg and provided inconsistent measurements when yawed. The double-barreled probe provided adequate measurements via both its steady state and high response tubes (within +/- 0.15 percent accuracy) over unacceptable ranges of biased pitch and inconsistent yaw angles which varied with Mach number. By comparison, the coannular probe provided accurate measurements (at zero incidence) for all jet Mach numbers as well as over a flow angularity range which varied from +/- 26.0 deg at Mach 0.3 deg to +/- 14.0 deg at Mach 0.9. Based on these results, the Prati probe is established as the preferred design. Further experimental tests are recommended to document the frequency response characteristics of the Prati probe.

Toward a Puerto Rican popular nosology: nervios and ataque de nervios.

Science.gov (United States)

Guarnaccia, Peter J; Lewis-Fernández, Roberto; Marano, Melissa Rivera

2003-09-01

This paper is about naming illnesses--about who determines what categories are used and the implications of these determinations. The central concerns of medical/psychiatric anthropology have been to understand popular categories of and systems for classification of illness, to examine the relationship of illness categories to cultural understandings of the body, and to interpret the role of categories of illness in mediating between the personal and social spheres. At the same time, the paper also discusses the interplay of popular categories and psychiatric diagnoses. This paper examines the multiple experiences of nervios among Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and New York City. Our contention is that nervios is more than a diffuse idiom of distress, and that there are different categories and experiences of nervios which provide insights into how distress is experienced and expressed by Puerto Ricans and point to different social sources of suffering. The data in this paper come from the responses to a series of open-ended questions which tapped into people's general conceptions of nervios and ataques de nervios. These questions were incorporated into follow-up interviews to an epidemiological study of the mental health of adults in Puerto Rico. The results suggest ways to incorporate these different categories of nervios into future research and clinical work with different Latino groups in the United States and in their home countries.

International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) in Puerto Rico: Progress Report

Science.gov (United States)

Pantoja, C. A.; Atschuler, D. R.; Lebrón, M. E.; Alonso, J. L.

2010-08-01

The IYA2009 inauguration in Puerto Rico was in January 2009. The local organizing committee includes members from the NASA Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium, the Arecibo Observatory, the two astronomical societies of the island, private and public universities, local government agencies, and non-profit organizations interested in science education. The events are throughout the island, taking care to facilitate the participation of families and youth from disadvantaged communities. All the activities emphasize the value of personal effort to achieve your goals, the importance of mathematics in modern life and the development of scientific awareness. Aligned with the IYA2009 major goals and considering the particular needs of our community, we have selected eight core activities for Puerto Rico. Three of them have been completed (Inauguration, Theatrical performance of "La Vida en Marte y otras Crueles Realidades", 40th Anniversary of the first human on the Moon), three of them are underway (star parties, conference series, "From Earth to the Universe" (FETTU) exhibition) and the other two are under plan for the fall of 2009. A group of volunteer students ("Starry Messengers") are assisting in the activities. We present a project plan for the rest of 2009. The details of the Puerto Rico IYA events may be found at \\url{http://www.astronomy2009pr.org}.

Molasses crisis in the Puerto Rico rum industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Samuels, G

1980-01-01

In 1978 the Puerto Rico rum industry provided 85% of the US rum market, returning to the PR treasury $200 million in Federal excise taxes. The diminishing P.R. sugar industry is not able to supply sufficient blackstrap molasses (BSM) to the expanding P.R. rum industry, and at present imports from foreign suppliers amount to 88% of its needs. These imports place the rum industry in jeopardy, as these suppliers can boycott Puerto Rico to protect their own rum production, or they can insist by treaty that all rums claiming geographic origin (i.e., Puerto Rico rum) must be distilled from molasses produced in that country. Possible solutions to improve domestic molasses production are presented to eliminate these threats. The use of high-test molasses (HTM) would answer the present and future needs of the rum industry if produced by the energy cane (or biomass) concept. This is a management concept stressing total growth potential rather than sugar. It would permit doubling cane production per acre and produce sufficient HTM on 70,000 acres for the projected rum industry requirements. Considerations of HTM production show that problems exist with the marketing price rather than in the field or factory. The economics of HTM pricing will have to be worked out by the interested parties: the rum industry, the sugar industry, and the government.

SURVIVAL OF CAPTIVE-REARED PUERTO RICAN PARROTS RELEASED IN THE CARIBBEAN NATIONAL FOREST

Science.gov (United States)

THOMAS H. WHITE; JAIME A. COLLAZO; FRANCISCO J. VILELLA

2005-01-01

We report first-year survival for 34 captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) released in the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico between 2000 and 2002. The purpose of the releases were to increase population size and the potential number of breeding individuals of the sole extant wild population, and to refine release protocols for eventual...

Shoreline Variation between Puerto Chicama and Puémape, La Libertad, Perú (1961-2006 Variación de la línea de litoral entre puerto Chicama y Puémape, La Libertad, Perú (1961-2006

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Tavares Correa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A spatial -temporal analysis was made by using cartographic material and Geographic Information Systems techniques. Here we compared the setting of the littoral line of a sector minimally affected by human occupation (Puémape–Puerto Chicama with other sectors with moderate occupation (La Chira–Lurín to strongly modified (Salaverry–Las Delicias and the Miraflores Bay. During the period 1961-2006 in the sector Puémape – Puerto Chicama, we identified the predominance of the advance or stability of the coastal line. The sector La Chira – Lurín presented a setting similar, with the tendency to stability and, the sectors strongly intervened showed a setting openly erosive. To the contrary as expected, the rising of sea level due to global warming doesn’t seem to be the principal cause of beach erosion in Perú. This is mainly due to the strong human intervention in the coast because at undisturbed sectors the predominance is stability or advance of the littoral line.Mediante el empleo de material cartográfico y sistema de información geográfica (SIG, se realizó un análisis espacio-temporal, donde se comparó el comportamiento de la línea de litoral de un sector costero mínimamente afectado por la ocupación humana (Puémape–Puerto Chicama con otros sectores costeros con ocupación moderada (La Chira–Lurín a fuertemente modificada (Salaverry–Las Delicias y la bahía de Miraflores. Durante el período comprendido entre 1961 y 2006 para el sector Puémape–Puerto Chicama, se identificó el predominio del avance o estabilidad de la línea de costa. El sector La Chira–Lurín presentó un comportamiento similar, con tendencia a la estabilidad y los sectores fuertemente intervenidos presentaron un comportamiento netamente erosivo. Al contrario de lo esperado, la elevación del nivel del mar debido el calentamiento global no parece ser la causa principal de la erosión de playas en el Perú. Esta se debe principalmente a la

Health and Reproductive Assessment of Selected Puerto Rican Parrots ( Amazona vittata ) in Captivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Clubb, Susan; Velez, Jafet; Garner, Michael M; Zaias, Julia; Cray, Carolyn

2015-12-01

The Puerto Rican parrot ( Amazona vittata ) has become an iconic and high-profile conservation species. The cornerstone of the recovery plan for this critically endangered species is an active captive breeding program, management of the wild population, and a long-term reintroduction program. In 2002, 40 adult Puerto Rican parrots that had not produced viable offspring were selected for reproductive assessment at 2 aviary populations in Puerto Rico (Iguaca and Río Abajo), which are the only sources of parrots for release. The goal was to enhance reproductive potential and produce productive pairings in an attempt to augment the population growth and provide ample individuals for reintroduction. Seven Hispanolian Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) that were used as surrogate parents for the Puerto Rican parrots were also included in the study. This assessment included physical examination, endoscopic evaluation, hematologic and plasma biochemical profiles, viral screening, and hormonal assays. Results of general physical examination and hematologic and plasma biochemical testing revealed overall good health and condition of this subset of the population of Puerto Rican parrots; no major infectious diseases were found. Endoscopic examination also revealed overall good health and condition, especially of females. The apparent low fertility of male birds warrants further investigation. The findings helped to define causes of reproductive failure in the selected pairs and individual birds. New pairings resulting from the assessment helped to augment reproduction of this critically endangered species.

Clinical determinants of clopidogrel responsiveness in a heterogeneous cohort of Puerto Rican Hispanics.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernandez-Suarez, Dagmar F; Scott, Stuart A; Tomey, Matthew I; Melin, Kyle; Lopez-Candales, Angel; Buckley, Charlotte E; Duconge, Jorge

2017-09-01

Clopidogrel is by far the most prescribed platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) antagonist in Puerto Rico despite the advent of newer agents (prasugrel and ticagrelor). Given the paucity of data on clopidogrel responsiveness in Hispanics, we sought to determine the association between clinical characteristics and platelet reactivity in Puerto Rican patients on clopidogrel therapy. A total of 100 Puerto Rican patients on clopidogrel therapy were enrolled and allocated into two groups: Group I, without high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR); and Group II, with HTPR. Platelet function was measured ex vivo using the VerifyNow® P2Y12 assay. The cohort was comprised of Hispanic patients with coronary artery disease (57%), peripheral artery disease (32%), carotid artery stenosis (7%), cerebral artery aneurysm (2%), and stroke (2%). Mean platelet reactivity was 200 ± 61 P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs) (range: 8-324), and 35% of patients had HTPR (PRUs ⩾ 230). Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that diabetes mellitus (DM) [odds ratio (OR) = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-8.96], use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (OR = 3.60; 95% CI: 1.09-11.82), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.09-8.83) were independent predictors of HTPR ( p Puerto Rican Hispanic patients on clopidogrel, 35% had HTPR. Furthermore, DM, PPIs and CCBs predicted HTPR. Clinical outcome data are needed to identify appropriate PRU thresholds for risk prediction in the Puerto Rican population.

What Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latinos say when they talk about Alzheimer's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Karlawish, Jason; Barg, Frances K; Augsburger, Deborah; Beaver, James; Ferguson, Allison; Nunez, Jessica

2011-03-01

To discover whether Latino Puerto Rican and non-Latino communities differ in the words they use to talk about Alzheimer's disease (AD). Four groups of 30 persons per group defined by self-identified ethnicity and caregiver status: Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latino Whites, who were either caregivers or non-caregivers completed free-listing exercises to identify the words they use when they describe AD causes, symptoms, caregiving, and research risks and benefits. Both Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latino Whites recognize AD as a disease of memory loss and other cognitive problems. Although both groups used the term "sadness" to describe AD, non-Latino Whites did not feature emotional, behavioral, or psychological problems as among the causes of AD. Although all the groups' descriptions of a person who lives with and cares for a person with AD shared the word "loving," Latino Puerto Ricans focused on a good spouse who exercises intelligence, patience, and attention on behalf of the person with AD and did not use the term "caregiver." In contrast, non-Latino Whites typically used the term "caregiver." Both groups' lists shared words that describe research as presenting harms to an AD patient and requiring a commitment of time. Latino Puerto Ricans' lists suggested an understanding of research benefits akin to clinical care. Notable differences exist in how Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latino Whites talk about AD and AD research. Clinicians, clinical investigators, and patient educators need to consider these differences when they conduct clinical care and research and design outreach and educational materials. Copyright © 2011 The Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Commerce, Research and Education: Contributions and Challenges of Marine Extension Work in NOAA Sea Grant Program-Puerto Rico, Michigan and National office

Science.gov (United States)

Aleman Diaz, A.

2006-12-01

The National Sea Grant program represents NOAA's nationwide university-based program in support of coastal resource use and conservation. This program is composed of 30 university-based programs that work with local coastal communities. This study focuses on a historical and multi-sited ethnographic approach that analyzes two Sea Grant Programs and their connection to the overarching NOAA national goals from 1980- 2000.The project aims to offer insight on how the extension agent position facilitates the resolution of coastal and marine management and tourism issues. The extension agents are staff who have an extensive knowledge of available coastal resources and have the role of translating this information to coastal stakeholders. Additionally, these agents assess the needs of coastal communities and report back to the program making their role into a position that can effectively alter and/or contribute to institutional and environmental management programs at broader, cross-country and global levels. The extension programs in Michigan and Puerto Rico were examined to understand how local programs respond to cultural and regional processes shaping marine extension and the management of issues faced by coastal stakeholders. A total of 36 semi- structured in-depth interviews were completed at each site, to address the following questions: (1) How do extension agents view their role at the Puerto Rico and Michigan offices and in the Sea Grant program? How do they view the conditions of their work? (2) How do their views compare to the accomplishments by each Sea Grant administration and internal inquiries? How do their views reveal conditions documented in Puerto Rico and Michigan (e.g., social, cultural, political, economic, etc)? (3) What kind of strategies do agents develop for the management of specific coastal and tourism related projects? (4) How do the Puerto Rico and Michigan offices coordinate their work, and collaborate with other "college" programs and

75 FR 68393 - Puerto Rico Disaster # PR-00011

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-05

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12366 and 12367] Puerto Rico Disaster PR-00011 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a notice of an Administrative declaration of a disaster [[Page 68394

Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of Southwest Puerto Rico

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Shallow-water (<30m) benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of two areas in Southwest Puerto Rico (PR), including the Guanica Bay/La Parguera...

Increasing prevalence of diagnosed diabetes--United States and Puerto Rico, 1995-2010.

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-16

In 2010, an estimated 18.8 million persons in the United States had diagnosed diabetes mellitus and another 7.0 million had undiagnosed diabetes. Since 1990, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the United States has risen sharply among all age groups, both sexes, and all racial/ethnic groups for which data are available. To learn whether the increase has been greater in some regions of the United States than in others, data on self-reported diabetes in adults collected during 1995-2010 by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. The analysis showed that the age-adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes increased during the interval in every state, the District of Columbia (DC), and Puerto Rico. In 1995, age-adjusted prevalence was ≥6% in only three states, DC, and Puerto Rico, but by 2010 it was ≥6% in every state, DC, and Puerto Rico, and ≥10.0% in six states and Puerto Rico. Strategies to prevent diabetes and its preventable risk factors are needed, especially for those at highest risk for diabetes, to slow the rise in diabetes prevalence across the United States. Continued surveillance of diabetes prevalence and incidence, its risk factors, and prevention efforts is important to measure progress of prevention efforts.

Bankruptcy and loans in Puerto Rico:an exploratory overview of their relationship

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Álvarez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Puerto Rico has been going through a period of economic downturn since 2006, beginning a little before the global economic recession. This paper examines the behavior of loans granted by the commercial banking sector and their relationship with the number of business bankruptcies filed in Puerto Rico between 1999 and 2011. Findings draw attention to the fact that from 2006, there has been a steady decline in the number of personal, commercial and mortgage loans approved by the commercial banking sector, as well as in their value. An increase in the filing of bankruptcy is also observed. The number of loans approved by banks in Puerto Rico show a strong correlation with the economic activity index (EAI and other economic indicators that help to explain the island’s employment situation (total employment, labor force participation rate and unemployment rate.

Association between BDNF-rs6265 and obesity in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of this study is to examine a functional variant (rs6265) in the BDNF gene interacting with dietary intake modulate obesity traits in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study population. BDNF rs6265 was genotyped in 1147 Puerto Ricans (aged 45-75 years), and examined for association with o...

A dendrochronological study of teak (Tectona grandis L. f., Verbenaceae) in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Margaret S. Devall; Bernard R. Parresol

2003-01-01

In Puerto Rico, an island in the West Indies, large areas of primary forest have been cut and converted to farmland or to secondary forest; subsequently the farmlands declined in fertility and were abandoned. Various tree species were planted in order to restore the degraded land and to provide timber. Teak is a species with great restoration potential in Puerto Rico...

The Ecological Consequences of Socioeconomic and Land-Use Changes in Postagriculture Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

H. RICARDO GRAU; T. MITCHELL AIDE; JESS K. ZIMMERMAN; JOHN R. HELMER THOMLINSON; XIOMING ZOU

2003-01-01

Contrary to the general trend in the tropics, forests have recovered in Puerto Rico from less than 10% of the landscape in the late 1940s to more than 40% in the present. The recent Puerto Rican history of forest recovery provides the opportunity to study the ecological consequences of economic globalization, reflected in a shift from agriculture to manufacturing and...

New distribution record of Cybocephalus kathrynae (Coleoptera, Cybocephalidae on Mona Island, Puerto Rico

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Jean Carlos Curbelo-Rodríguez

2012-03-01

Full Text Available New distribution record of Cybocephalus Kathrynae (Coleoptera, Cybocephalidae on Mona Island, Puerto Rico. A new record of Cybocephalus kathrynae T.R. Smith (Cybocephalidae is reported for Puerto Rico. Adults were collected from the flowers of Mammillaria nivosa (Cactaceae on Mona Island Reserve. Prior to this study, this beetle species was only reported for Monroe and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida, USA.

Puerto Nuevo and the Origins of the Stylistic-Religious Paracas Tradition

OpenAIRE

García, Rubén

2012-01-01

Puerto Nuevo was previously defined by García y Pinilla as a phase/style where there is an amalgam of Chavín and Cupisnique cultural elements with those of the south coast at the end of the Initial Period and the beginning of the Early Horizon. This paper presents new evidences and comparative stylistic analyses of contemporary societies that propose that it was during Puerto Nuevo times that the Paracas stylistic and religious tradition initiated, and therefore place it chronologically at th...

Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en escolares del municipio de Puerto Padre

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Liliana Almaguer Brito

2014-09-01

Full Text Available El diagnóstico del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad resulta complejo. Existen dificultades para la identificación de este trastorno en el municipio de Puerto Padre, provincia de Las Tunas, Cuba. Motivados por esa deficiencia, se decidió realizar un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal. Para desarrollar el mismo se aplicaron cuestionarios a una muestra probabilística, estratificada por escuelas y sexos, de 314 alumnos de primer y segundo grado, con el fin de caracterizar el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, uno al total de la muestra, que tamiza el trastorno, y otro para confirmar el diagnóstico. Se obtiene una prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad de un 5,4%, lo cual se encuentra dentro de los parámetros mundiales. Se clasifica el trastorno en subtipos: desatento (17,65%, hiperactivo impulsivo (29,41% y combinado (52,4%. La hiperactividad-impulsividad predominó en las hembras (40,0% contra 14,3% y la desatención en los varones (28,6% vs. 10,0%, el combinado resultó similar en ambos sexos

Childhood Asthma Prevalence among Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans: Implications for Behavioral Intervention Research.

Science.gov (United States)

Hurtado, A. Magdalena

1995-01-01

Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84, were used to examine lifetime prevalence (LTP) of childhood asthma among Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans. LTP was related to Puerto Rican ethnicity, birth outside U.S. mainland, low weight for age, male gender, poverty, urban residence, and single parenthood. Implications…

The Comparison Of In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration Method By Using Radio Altimeter As Reference with GPS and Tower Fly By Methods On CN235-100 MPA

Science.gov (United States)

Derajat; Hariowibowo, Hindawan

2018-04-01

The new proposed In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration Method has been carried out during Development and Qualification of CN235-100 MPA (Military Patrol Aircraft). This method is expected to reduce flight hours, less human resources required, no additional special equipment, simple analysis calculation and finally by using this method it is expected to automatically minimized operational cost. At The Indonesian Aerospace (IAe) Flight Test Center Division, the development and updating of new flight test technique and data analysis method as specially for flight physics test subject are still continued to be developed as long as it safety for flight and give additional value for the industrial side. More than 30 years, Flight Test Data Engineers at The Flight Test center Division work together with the Air Crew (Test Pilots, Co-Pilots, and Flight Test Engineers) to execute the flight test activity with standard procedure for both the existance or development test techniques and test data analysis. In this paper the approximation of mathematical model, data reduction and flight test technique of The In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration by using Radio Altimeter as reference will be described and the test results had been compared with another methods ie. By using Global Position System (GPS) and the traditional method (Tower Fly By Method) which were used previously during this Flight Test Program (Ref. [10]). The flight test data case are using CN235-100 MPA flight test data during development and Qualification Flight Test Program at Cazaux Airport, France, in June-November 2009 (Ref. [2]).

The Work of US Public Health Service Officers in Puerto Rico, 1898-1919.

Science.gov (United States)

Rigau-Pérez, Jose G

2017-09-01

The history of the US Public Health Service (PHS) is usually presented in terms of diseases or discoveries; this article examines twenty years' activity in one location. When the United States invaded Puerto Rico in 1898, the Marine Hospital Service (now PHS) took responsibility for foreign quarantine, inspection of immigrants, and medical care for merchant seamen. Its officers evaluated the sanitary conditions of port cities, helped reorganize local disease surveillance and control, and investigated endemic diseases (e.g., hookworm-related anemia) and epidemics (e.g., bubonic plague). After World War I and pandemic influenza, and the greater self-government allowed Puerto Rico by Congress in 1917, PHS officers withdrew from routine local sanitary actions. A narrow geographic focus (Puerto Rico), to examine PHS activity over time (1898 to 1919) provides a richer picture of the agency's impact, and reveals how the sum of disease control activities affected the development of an area's health status and institutions. The duties and, importantly, the personal initiatives of PHS officers in Puerto Rico, such as WW King, produced lasting impact on scientific institutions and administrative, professional, and health care practices.

Self-reported parenting practices in Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers of young children.

Science.gov (United States)

Calzada, Esther J; Eyberg, Sheila M

2002-09-01

Explored self-reported parenting in a Hispanic sample of mothers living in the mainland United States using a cultural framework. Participants were 130 immigrant or first-generation Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers with a child between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Mothers completed questionnaires related to their parenting behavior and also filled out a detailed demographic form and a measure of acculturation. Results suggested that both Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers engage in high levels of praise and physical affection and low levels of harsh, inconsistent, and punitive parenting behaviors. Dominican and Puerto Rican parenting was similar on measures of authoritarian and permissive parenting, but differences emerged on a measure of authoritative parenting and when parenting was considered at the more detailed level of individual behaviors. Parenting was related to several demographic characteristics, including father's education level and child age; more specifically, higher paternal education and younger age of the child were related to higher levels of authoritative parenting by mothers. Parenting and acculturation were generally not related. Discussion focused on a culturally sensitive interpretation of normative parenting among Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers.

Entre puertos, campos y acopios: Trabajo y transporte de granos en torno al Sudeste bonaerense.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Tagliabue

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, se analiza el proceso de trabajo en el transporte automotor de granos en torno al sudeste bonaerense. Desde un abordaje cualitativo, se describen y analizan las prácticas durante la cosecha y pos-cosecha, y los trayectos campo-acopio, acopio-puerto. También se analizan las relaciones laborales a partir de una perspectiva ampliada de las relaciones laborales clásicas (asalariadas, estables, protegidas.Los rasgos que asume el trabajo en el transporte de granos están asociados a los cambios técnicos y tecnológicos de la producción de granos, así como a procesos de flexibilización laboral, vinculados a la disponibilidad permanente para fletar, la extensión de la jornada laboral y la intensidad del trabajo camionero.

HIV-related felt stigma among Puerto Ricans living with HIV/AIDS: A focus group study

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Julio Jiménez Chávez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El estigma afecta negativamente el bienestar de personas que viven con VIH/ SIDA (PLWHA. Sentirse estigmatizado afecta áreas clave de la vida cotidiana de estas personas. Este estudio caracteriza la experiencia del estigma sentido entre un grupo de puertorriqueños LWHA, a través de un enfoque de grupo focal (GF. Un total de 40 participantes fueron reclutados de las agencias de Ryan White en el área sur de Puerto Rico. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo para recopilar datos sobre los sentimientos, opiniones y percepciones de los participantes. Los GF se grabaron y transcribieron en un informe escrito. Los temas derivados del análisis de contenido se relacionaron con: rechazo, reacciones emocionales, revelación del diagnóstico, reacciones de otros, destrezas de afrontamiento, apariencia física y relaciones afectivas.

Sex Differences and Depression in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Canino, Glorisa J.; And Others

1987-01-01

Examined sex differences in rates of depressive disorders and depressive symptomatology, as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, for an island-wide probability sample of Puerto Rico. Found depression significantly more prevalent among women than men. Discusses risk factors from a sex-role and cultural perspective. (Author/KS)

Change in numbers of resident and migratory shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA (1985–2014)

Science.gov (United States)

Parks, Morgan A.; Collazo, Jaime A.; Colon, Jose A.; Ramos Alvarez, Katsi R.; Diaz, Oscar

2016-01-01

North American migratory shorebirds have declined markedly since the 1980s, underscoring the importance of population surveys to conduct status and trend assessments. Shorebird surveys were conducted during three multi-year periods between 1985 and 2014 and used to assess changes in numbers and species composition at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico, USA, a site of regional importance in the eastern Caribbean. Eight fewer species (total = 21) were recorded in 2013–2014 as compared to the 29 from 1985–1992; all eight species were Nearctic migrants. Small calidrids had the highest population counts; however, this suite of species and all others experienced a ≥ 70% decline. Combined counts from the salt flats and neighboring wetlands in 2013–2014 were lower than counts only from the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats in two previous multi-year survey periods, which indicated a real change in numbers not just a shift in wetland use. Invertebrate prey density was lower in 2013–2014 than in 1994. Body fat condition of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), an index of habitat quality, did not differ between 1985–1992 and 2013–2014. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other species might be affected by lower prey density, or that local declines in numbers reflect changes at hemispheric, not local, scales. The magnitude of change between local and hemispheric scales closely matched for some species. Continued monitoring at the salt flats is warranted to help gauge the status of shorebirds in Puerto Rico and discern the probable cause of declines. Monitoring other sites in the Caribbean is needed for stronger inferences about regional status and trends.

19 CFR 7.1 - Puerto Rico; spirits and wines withdrawn from warehouse for shipment to; duty on foreign-grown...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Puerto Rico; spirits and wines withdrawn from... INSULAR POSSESSIONS AND GUANTANAMO BAY NAVAL STATION § 7.1 Puerto Rico; spirits and wines withdrawn from... bonded manufacturing warehouse for shipment in bond to Puerto Rico pursuant to section 311, Tariff Act of...

Puerto Rico Seismic Network Operations During and After the Hurricane Maria: Response, Continuity of Operations, and Experiences

Science.gov (United States)

Vanacore, E. A.; Baez-Sanchez, G.; Huerfano, V.; Lopez, A. M.; Lugo, J.

2017-12-01

The Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) is an integral part of earthquake and tsunami monitoring in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The PRSN conducts scientific research as part of the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, conducts the earthquake monitoring for the region, runs extensive earthquake and tsunami education and outreach programs, and acts as a Tsunami Warning Focal Point Alternate for Puerto Rico. During and in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Maria, the PRSN duties and responsibilities evolved from a seismic network to a major information and communications center for the western side of Puerto Rico. Hurricane Maria effectively destroyed most communications on island, critically between the eastern side of the island where Puerto Rico's Emergency Management's (PREMA) main office and the National Weather Service (NWS) is based and the western side of the island. Additionally, many local emergency management agencies on the western side of the island lost a satellite based emergency management information system called EMWIN which provides critical tsunami and weather information. PRSN's EMWIN system remained functional and consequently via this system and radio communications PRSN became the only information source for NWS warnings and bulletins, tsunami alerts, and earthquake information for western Puerto Rico. Additionally, given the functional radio and geographic location of the PRSN, the network became a critical communications relay for local emergency management. Here we will present the PRSN response in relation to Hurricane Maria including the activation of the PRSN devolution plan, adoption of duties, experiences and lessons learned for continuity of operations and adoption of responsibilities during future catastrophic events.

Análisis económico, financiero y contable de la normativa reguladora de las juntas de obras de puertos en España, siglos XIX y XX

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Mercedes Calvo Cruz

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se ocupa de aquellas funciones que constituyeron los objetivos centrales de la administración que se encargó de la construcción y explotación de los puertos y, de forma expresa, de la normativa que reguló las tareas de organización y administración a través de la creación de las juntas de obras, y los reglamentos que se emitieron para su funcionamiento. Del análisis de los reglamentos se evidencian dos ámbitos en la organización de la junta de obras, el ámbito económico, contable y financiero, y por otro lado, el ámbito técnico. En nuestro trabajo se desarrolló el primero de los ámbitos señalados, con el fin de plasmar la organización administrativa y destacar las particularidades contables y financieras de las juntas de puertos. Finalmente, este estudio podría dar lugar a posteriores investigaciones como serían, entre otras, verificar la efectiva aplicación de la normativa por parte de una determinada junta de obras del puerto y realizar un análisis empírico con los datos facilitados por la documentación contable que genera la aplicación de los reglamentos.

A twin study of early-childhood asthma in Puerto Ricans.

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Supinda Bunyavanich

Full Text Available The relative contributions of genetics and environment to asthma in Hispanics or to asthma in children younger than 3 years are not well understood.To examine the relative contributions of genetics and environment to early-childhood asthma by performing a longitudinal twin study of asthma in Puerto Rican children ≤ 3 years old.678 twin infants from the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry were assessed for asthma at age 1 year, with follow-up data obtained for 624 twins at age 3 years. Zygosity was determined by DNA microsatellite profiling. Structural equation modeling was performed for three phenotypes at ages 1 and 3 years: physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use in the past year, and ≥ 1 hospitalization for asthma in the past year. Models were additionally adjusted for early-life environmental tobacco smoke exposure, sex, and age.The prevalences of physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use, and hospitalization for asthma were 11.6%, 10.8%, 4.9% at age 1 year, and 34.1%, 40.1%, and 8.5% at 3 years, respectively. Shared environmental effects contributed to the majority of variance in susceptibility to physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma medication use in the first year of life (84%-86%, while genetic effects drove variance in all phenotypes (45%-65% at age 3 years. Early-life environmental tobacco smoke, sex, and age contributed to variance in susceptibility.Our longitudinal study in Puerto Rican twins demonstrates a changing contribution of shared environmental effects to liability for physician-diagnosed asthma and asthma medication use between ages 1 and 3 years. Early-life environmental tobacco smoke reduction could markedly reduce asthma morbidity in young Puerto Rican children.

Colecistectomía laparoscópica a través de un puerto único

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Rafael Torres Peña

Full Text Available Introducción: la cirugía laparoscópica a través de un puerto único se realiza básicamente a través de una única incisión (15 a 18mm, en la cual se colocan varios trócares o un dispositivo multi-puerto. La mayoría de estos procedimientos tienen dos grandes limitaciones: la aglomeración e interferencia del instrumental y la disminución de la calidad de la triangulación y exposición del área quirúrgica. Objetivo: describir la técnica operatoria y evaluar los resultados iniciales de una nueva modalidad de colecistectomía laparoscópica a través de un puerto único. Métodos: se detalla la técnica operatoria desarrollada por los autores, la cual se basa en el uso de: un laparoscopio con canal de trabajo, nuevos instrumentos laparoscópicos y un sistema de retracción basado en dos retractores de 1.2mm especialmente diseñados. El estudio fue conducido entre Diciembre del 2010 y Agosto del 2012. Fueron incluidos 29 pacientes seleccionados. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: enfermedad sintomática no complicada, Índice de Masa Corporal no mayor de 30 y no más de tres cálculos con diámetro no mayor de 20mm. Resultados: el procedimiento fue realizado satisfactoriamente (visión crítica en el 93.1% de los casos. El 86% fueron mujeres, la edad promedio fue 36 años (rango, 17-57, el IMC promedio fue de 24.4 (rango, 21.9-27.5 y el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 62 minutos (rango, 41-80. Se reportó una ruptura de la pared vesicular durante la extracción sin consecuencias en el seguimiento. Conclusiones: la técnica propuesta evita la aglomeración e interferencia del instrumental y optimiza la calidad de exposición. Puede realizarse con seguridad en pacientes seleccionados aunque demanda de una mayor experiencia quirúrgica.

Lessons Learned from the Puerto Rico Battery Energy Storage System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

BOYES, JOHN D.; DE ANA, MINDI FARBER; TORRES, WENCESLANO

1999-09-01

The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a distributed battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Storage Systems Program at Sandia National Laboratories has followed the progress of all stages of the project since its inception. It directly supported the critical battery room cooling system design by conducting laboratory thermal testing of a scale model of the battery under simulated operating conditions. The Puerto Rico facility is at present the largest operating battery storage system in the world and is successfully providing frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reserve to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. The owner-operator, PREPA, and the architect/engineer, vendors, and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation. In documenting these lessons, this report will help PREPA and other utilities in planning to build large energy storage systems.

Association between sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and bone mineral density in older Puerto Rican adults

Science.gov (United States)

Objective: To examine the association between sleep patterns (sleep duration and insomnia symptoms) and total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) among older Boston Puerto Rican adults. Materials/Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 750 Puerto Rican adults, aged 47–79 y livi...

Puerto Rico School Principals: Leadership Perceptions and Practices in Schools in Need of Improvement

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez, Jacqueline Bocachica

2016-01-01

The phenomenon of school leadership in Puerto Rico is explored in this study, which was an examination of the perceptions and practices of 12 elementary school principals. Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory that functions within a unique political structure yet is held to the same standards as all U.S. districts. The primary method of data collection…

Lichens in Puerto Rico: an ecosystem approach

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Joel A. Mercado-Díaz; William A. Gould; Grizelle Gonzalez; Robert. Lücking

2015-01-01

This work presents basic information on tropical lichenology. It also describes general aspects about the ecology and biodiversity of these organisms in eight forest ecosystems present along an elevational gradient in northeastern Puerto Rico. These ecosystems consist of elfin woodlands, palo colorado, sierra palm, tabonuco, lowland moist, dry, mangrove, and...

Canyons off northwest Puerto Rico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gardner, W.D.; Glover, L.K.; Hollister, C.D.

1980-01-01

The Nuclear-Research Submarine NR-1 was used to study morphoplogy, sediment, and sediment-water interactions off the northwest coast of Puerto Rico. New detailed bathymetry from the surface-support ship, USS Portland, shows several submarine canyons in the area, some of them unreported previously. The north coast canyons, Arecibo, Tiberones and Quebradillas, are primarily erosional features although no recent turbidity-current evidence is seen. The canyons are presently filling with river-transported sediments. (orig./ME)

The Puerto Rican Community and Its Children on the Mainland: A Source Book for Teachers, Social Workers and Other Professionals.

Science.gov (United States)

Cordasco, Francesco; Bucchioni, Eugene

This collection of readings is organized in four parts. Part I, "Aspects of Puerto Rican culture," includes the following articles: "Explicit and implicit culture in Puerto Rico: a case study in educational anthropology," T. Brameld; "Respeto, relajo, and interpersonal relations in Puerto Rico," A. Lauria;…

Participación Política de las Mujeres en el Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas desde 1996 al 2004

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Reyna Jack Felipe

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación es es de tipo monográfica y evalúa la participación de las mujeres en la esfera política del Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas, durante dos períodos: 1996-2000 y2001-2004.De acuerdo a los resultados, las mujeres concurren como minoría en términos numéricos, también en relación a la calidad de la participación en espacios públicos. Han pasado tres períodos del Concejo Municipal y aún no se cuenta con un espacio donde las mujeres electas o que hayan concluido su período, logren comunicar sus experiencias.En este estudio por primera vez se considera examinar cómo están las mujeres en un campo difícil dominado por los hombres. Uno de los resultados más novedosos se orienta a considerar la pasiva participación en el debate y capacidad propositiva de las mujeres concejales del período estudiado. Además, se identificó que tenían escasa experiencia en el campo político, causando una limitada capacidad propositiva en temáticas de beneficio para ellas deacuerdo a su género.Al realizar la revisión de actas del Concejo Municipal de Puerto Cabezas, se evidencia que no hay resoluciones u ordenanzas a favor de las mujeres de forma directa. Así mismo, una vezque las mujeres políticas se enlistan en los partidos para participar de una contienda electoral, tampoco tienen una agenda propia.Una vez electas, se aíslan de las organizaciones de mujeresque les permite el vínculo directo con las demandas de un sector representado por ellas.

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: M_MAMMAL (Marine Mammal Polygons)

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Puerto Rico ESI/RSI: SOCECON (Socioeconomic Lines and Points)

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and Reach Sensitivity Index (RSI) data for Puerto Rico. ESI data characterize estuarine...

Genetic structure of the gentle Africanized honey bee population (gAHB) in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Galindo-Cardona, Alberto; Acevedo-Gonzalez, Jenny P; Rivera-Marchand, Bert; Giray, Tugrul

2013-08-06

The Africanized honey bee is one of the most spectacular invasions in the Americas. African bees escaped from apiaries in Brazil in 1956, spread over Americas and by 1994 they were reported in Puerto Rico. In contrast to other places, the oceanic island conditions in Puerto Rico may mean a single introduction and different dynamics of the resident European and new-coming Africanized bees.To examine the genetic variation of honey bee feral populations and colonies from different locations in Puerto Rico, we used eight known polymorphic microsatellite loci. In Puerto Rico, gAHB population does not show any genetic structure (Fst = 0.0783), and is best described as one honey bee population, product of hybridization of AHB and EHB. The genetic variability in this Africanized population was similar to that reported in studies from Texas. We observed that European private allele frequencies are high in all but one locus. This contrasts with mainland Africanized populations, where European allele frequencies are diminished. Two loci with European private alleles, one on Linkage Group 7, known to carry two known defensiveness Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), and the other on Linkage Group 1, known to carry three functionally studied genes and 11 candidate genes associated with Varroa resistance mechanisms were respectively, significantly greater or lower in European allele frequency than the other loci with European private alleles. Genetic structure of Puerto Rico gAHB differs from mainland AHB populations, probably representing evolutionary processes on the island.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico: A population-based study.

Science.gov (United States)

González-Pons, María; Soto-Salgado, Marievelisse; Sevilla, Javier; Márquez-Lespier, Juan M; Morgan, Douglas; Pérez, Cynthia M; Cruz-Correa, Marcia

2018-02-01

Helicobacter pylori is an important etiologic factor for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, one of the top ten leading causes of cancer death in Puerto Rico. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infections in this population was previously unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of H. pylori and its associated risk factors in Puerto Rico. A cross-sectional study was designed using an existing population-based biorepository. Seropositivity was determined using the Premier ™ H. pylori immunoassay. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence was estimated with 95% confidence using marginal standardization following logistic regression. To assess the risk factors associated with H. pylori seropositivity, a multivariable log-binomial model was fitted to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 528 population-based serum samples were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 41 ± 12 years, of whom 55.3% were females. The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 33.0% (95% CI = 28.3%-38.1%). Increasing age and having Puerto Rico. The H. pylori seroprevalence observed in Puerto Rico is similar to the seroprevalence reported in the overall population of the United States. The association between H. pylori seroprevalence and the risk factors analyzed offers insight into the epidemiology of gastric cancer in Puerto Rico and warrants further investigation. © 2017 The Authors. Helicobacter Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

English Proficiency and Admission and Graduation of Post-Secondary Students at a Puerto Rican University

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Alea, Jamie

2009-01-01

This dissertation has examined English proficiency as a mediating social factor within the occupational structure of Puerto Rico. It included an analysis of the educational records of 641 students majoring in industrial engineering, nursing, education and finance of the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez from 1998-2000. The investigation…

Adaptación de la metodología de cálculo de huella ecológica para los cultivos de palma africana usando sistemas de información geográfica: estudio de caso Puerto Wilches Santande

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Claudia Ramírez Cano

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el municipio de Puerto Wilches el monocultivo de palma africana actualmente es un eje trasversal de la economía, modificando la diversidad de los ecosistemas y cultivos tradicionales de la zona. Por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación es medir y evaluar los impactos de los cultivos de palma africana en el lapso de 1987 a 2010 adaptando la metodología desarrollada por Mathis Wackernagel y William Rees y algunos aportes de los desarrollos realizados por Juan Luis Doménech, aunando a estos tecnología satelital e indicadores de biocapacidad y déficit ecológico para conocer los requerimientos de espacios y recursos naturales necesarios para la producción de los derivados de la palma. El análisis de la época arrojó para el año 1987 un indicador de huella ecológica con un valor de 1.255 ha/pc, biocapacidad del cultivo 0.470 ha/pc, déficit ecológico correspondiente a -0.785 ha/pc; se estima un valor del 16 % en cuanto a la producción y uso de recursos. Con relación a los indicadores de sostenibilidad, en 2010 se obtuvieron valores de huella ecológica de 5.492 ha/pc, biocapacidad 1.454 ha/pc y déficit ecológico de -4.038 ha/pc, cifras que evidencian los efectos originados por la implementación del monocultivo en la zona, que para la fecha aumento en un 63 % la producción y uso de recursos naturales. Por lo anterior, es necesario y urgente elaborar e implementar políticas de planificación territorial así como alternativas de producción económica para mejorar la calidad ambiental y social del municipio, deteniendo la acelerada antropización de la región.

Tasa efectiva del impuesto a la propiedad inmueble en Puerto Rico: análisis de caso de la implementación del impuesto predial en el municipio de Guaynabo

OpenAIRE

Cao-Alvira, José Julián; Rodríguez, Rosa J.

2011-01-01

El análisis contenido en este artículo examina el comportamiento y los factores que afectan la tasa efectiva del impuesto sobre la propiedad inmueble en Puerto Rico, con la intención de establecer su impacto en la equidad del sistema impositivo. Los hallazgos del análisis son generalmente aplicables a aquellas jurisdicciones que no actualizan el proceso por el cual valorizan las propiedades inmuebles para fines contributivos, ni implementan mecanismos de corrección a sus ineficiencias. Ent...

Cultural Diversity of Interpersonal Communication Competence: A Study of Puerto Rico Managers

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Bobby C. Vaught

1998-08-01

Full Text Available Most research and theories of interpersonal communication reflect mainstream U.S. culture. In an attempt to better understand the communication practices of Spanish-speaking cultures, an exploratory study of interpersonal communication was conducted involving Puerto Rican managers. The Index of Interpersonal Communication Competence (IICC was translated into Spanish and administered in two large international pharmaceutical companies in Puerto Rico. The results of the study are discussed in terms of implications for communication theory and applied communication research.

Attitudes toward business creation: A comparative study between Catalonia and Puerto Rico

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Marinés Aponte

2006-10-01

Full Text Available In this research the attitudes towards entrepreneurship of two samples of university students from Catalonia and Puerto Rico are analysed. Perceptions of desirability, feasibility and the intention to start a new firm are studied and compared. Institutional Economic Theory is used as a theoretical framework of the research due to its adequacy to the analysis of the conditioning factors to entrepreneurship. Not relevant differences in the attitudes to entrepreneurship between Catalonia and Puerto Rico are found in the research.

A worker attaches covers for the nose pitot boom before removing the unpiloted X-40 from the runway

Science.gov (United States)

2001-01-01

A worker attaches covers for the nose pitot boom before removing the unpiloted X-40 from the runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, following its successful free-flight on March 14, 2001. The unpiloted X-40 is a risk-reduction vehicle for the X-37, which is intended to be a reusable space vehicle. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala, manages the X-37 project. At Dryden, the X-40A underwent a series of ground and air tests to reduce possible risks to the larger X-37, including drop tests from a helicopter to check guidance and navigation systems planned for use in the X-37. The X-37 is designed to demonstrate technologies in the orbital and reentry environments for next-generation reusable launch vehicles that will increase both safety and reliability, while reducing launch costs from $10,000 per pound to $1,000 per pound. The X-37, carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle, is planned to fly two orbital missions to test reusable launch vehicle technologies.

Fajardo, Puerto Rico Tsunami Forecast Grids for MOST Model

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Fajardo, Puerto Rico Forecast Model Grids provides bathymetric data strictly for tsunami inundation modeling with the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model....

Ponce, Puerto Rico Tsunami Forecast Grids for MOST Model

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Ponce, Puerto Rico Forecast Model Grids provides bathymetric data strictly for tsunami inundation modeling with the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model....

National Status and Trends: Guanica, Puerto Rico Contaminants Data

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This project assesses chemical contaminant status in sediment and coral tissues (Porites astroides) collected in and around Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico in 2009....

Arecibo, Puerto Rico Tsunami Forecast Grids for MOST Model

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Arecibo, Puerto Rico Forecast Model Grids provides bathymetric data strictly for tsunami inundation modeling with the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model....

Aves municipales oficiales de Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Carlos M. Domínguez Cristóbal

2009-01-01

Las aves constituyen uno de los recursos de muy poco uso como símbolo oficial representativo de los municipios en Puerto Rico. Es muy probable que la decisión que màs pueda influenciar en esa selección esté relacionada con la movilidad de las aves ya que éstas no se limitan a una municipalidad en específico...

Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Mignucci-Giannoni, A. A.; Montoya-Ospina, R. A.; Jimenez-Marrero, N. M.; Rodriguez-Lopez, M.; Williams, E.H.; Bonde, R.K.

2000-01-01

The most pressing problem in the effective management of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Puerto Rico is mortality due to human activities. We assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in Puerto Rico based on historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. We determined patterns of mortality, including type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death. The spatial distribution of stranding events was not uniform, with the north, northeast, and south coasts having the highest numbers. Six clusters representing the highest incidence included the areas of Fajardo and Ceiba, Bahia de Jobos, Toa Baja, Guayanilla, Cabo Rojo, and Rio Grande to Luquillo. The number of reported cases has increased at an average rate of 9.6%/yr since 1990. The seasonality of stranding events showed a bimodal pattern, from February through April and in August and September. Most identified causes of death were due to human interaction, especially captures and watercraft collisions. Natural causes usually involved dependent calves. From 1990 through 1995, most deaths were attributed to watercraft collisions. A reduction in anthropogenic mortality of this endangered species can be accomplished only through education and a proactive management and conservation plan that includes law enforcement, mortality assessment, scientific research, rescue and rehabilitation, and inter- and intraagency cooperation.

A review of barriers to effective asthma management in Puerto Ricans: cultural, healthcare system and pharmacogenomic issues.

Science.gov (United States)

Alicea-Alvarez, Norma; Swanson-Biearman, Brenda; Kelsen, Steven G

2014-02-01

Among the Hispanic community, Puerto Ricans have the highest prevalence of asthma and manifest the worst outcomes. The expected growth of the Hispanic population in the USA in the next several decades make elimination of disparate care in Puerto Rican asthmatics a matter of national importance. The purpose of this review of the literature (ROL) is to examine a variety of health system, genetic and cultural barriers in the Puerto Rican community which have created disparities in asthma care and outcomes among adult and pediatric Hispanic populations. In addition, this ROL describes several culturally sensitive, community-based educational interventions which can be used as a framework for future projects to improved asthma outcomes. Databases searched included Medline, PubMED, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar and ERIC. Papers published in English from January 1990 to January 2012 were reviewed. Health system policies, insurer compensation patterns, clinician attitudes and cultural values/folk remedies in the Puerto Rican community represent barriers to effective asthma management, the use of controller medication and the implementation of educational interventions. In addition, genetic factors involving the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene, which impair the response to albuterol, appear to contribute to poorer outcomes in Puerto Rican asthmatics. In contrast, several comprehensive, community-based, culturally sensitive educational interventions such as Controlling Asthma in American Cities Project (CAACP), the Racial and Ethnic Approach to Community Health in the US Program and Healthy Hoops programs (REACH) have been described. We believe that culturally sensitive community-based asthma education programs can serve as models for programs targeted toward Puerto Ricans to help decrease asthma morbidity. Moreover, greater sensitivity to Puerto Rican mores and folk remedies on the part of healthcare providers may improve the patient-clinician rapport and

Importance of vitamin D and vitamin D levels status in Puerto Ricans.

Science.gov (United States)

Suárez-Martínez, Edu B; Pérez, Cynthia M; Cruz, Sofia K; Khorsandi, Shayan; Chardón, Camile; Ferder, Leon

2013-11-01

There is growing and compelling evidence demonstrating the extra-skeletal role of vitamin D and the importance of maintaining adequate levels of this nutrient. Currently, there is very limited information available on the vitamin D status in children and adults in underserved groups, including Puerto Ricans. We assessed the vitamin D status of 4,090 Puerto Ricans living in six geographical regions in the island. Only 31.5% of the studied population had sufficient vitamin D levels (>30 ng/ml). The 18-39 year age group and the females showed inadequate (<30 ng/ml) levels of vitamin D (76.9% and 69.8%, respectively). Participants aged 60 or older showed the highest mean values of serum 25(OH)D (28.8 ng/ml) and the highest percentage (37.1%) of sufficient levels (>30 ng/ml). Future studies are certainly warranted to understand the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and influencing factors (including obesity) in Puerto Ricans.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Clinic Population from Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodriguez, Neisha M; Aguilar, Stephanie

2016-07-01

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable or treatable cause of blindness in the adult population. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Puerto Ricans is the highest among Hispanics. This study evaluated the prevalence of DR in a screening program of DM subjects in a clinic system in Puerto Rico. A retrospective cross-sectional health records study of DM patients referred by primary care physicians for dilated retinal evaluation to the Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of Optometry Juana Diaz Eye Institute Clinic between 2001 and 2009 was performed. All subjects underwent a complete eye evaluation including fundus photography. Photographs were graded following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocols. A total of 411 randomly selected health records of DM subjects older than 30 years were included. The estimated prevalence of DR among all subjects is 37.7%. DR was more common in males (47.2%) than females (33.7%). The age range with higher frequency of DR is among ages 60 to 69 (34.8%) and the lowest between ages 30 and 39 (3.9%). The average number of years since initial DM diagnosis was 12.48. Probability of developing DR increases with longer duration of DM (p Puerto Ricans. Mild stage retinopathy was most prevalent and there exists an increase in probability to develop DR with duration of DM. The prevalence of DR in total population may be different than the findings presented in this paper. Comprehensive studies are needed to understand and estimate the progression and impact of DR in this population.

Prevalence and Genetic Profile of Duchene and Becker Muscular Dystrophy in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramos, Edwardo; Conde, José G; Berrios, Rafael Arias; Pardo, Sherly; Gómez, Omar; Mas Rodríguez, Manuel F

2016-05-27

Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD and BMD, respectively), are common forms of inherited muscle disease. Information regarding the epidemiology of these conditions, including genotype, is still sparse. To establish the prevalence and genetic profile of DMD and BMD in Puerto Rico. We collected data from medical records in all Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinics in Puerto Rico in order to estimate the prevalence of DMD and BMD and to describe the genotypic profile of these patients. Patients selected for data analysis matched "definite", "probable" and "possible" case definitions as established by MD STARnet. A total of 141 patients matched the inclusion criteria, with 64.5% and 35.5% being categorized into DMD and BMD, respectively. DMD and BMD prevalence in Puerto Rico was estimated at 5.18 and 2.84 per 100,000 males, respectively. Deletion was the most common form of mutation (66.7%) in the dystrophin gene, with exons in segment 45 to 47 being the most frequently affected. This is the first report of the prevalence and genetic profile characteristics of DMD and BMD in Puerto Rico. Prevalence of DMD was similar to that reported worldwide, while prevalence of BMD was higher. Genetic profile was consistent with that reported in the literature.

Association of Types of Life Events with Depressive Symptoms among Puerto Rican Youth.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Jaschek

Full Text Available The main objective of this study was to examine the association between four types of adverse life events (family environment, separation, social adversity, and death and the development of depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican youth. This was a secondary analysis using three waves (2000-2004 of interview data from the Boricua Youth Study of 10-13 year old Puerto Rican youth residing in New York and Puerto Rico with no depressive symptoms at baseline (n = 977. Depressive symptoms increased with an increase in social adversity, separation, death, and death events. Youth support from parents was a significant protective factor for all adverse events and parent coping was a protective factor in social adversity events. Relying on standard diagnostic tools is ideal to identify youth meeting the criteria for a diagnosis of depression but not useful to detect youth who present with subclinical levels of depression. Youth with sub-clinical levels of depression will not get treated and are at increased risk of developing depression later in life. Adverse life events are potentially relevant to use in conjunction with other screening tools to identify Puerto Rican youth who have subclinical depression and are at risk of developing depression in later adolescence.

77 FR 70417 - Foreign-Trade Zone 7-Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; Notification of Proposed Production Activity; Pepsi...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [B-84-2012] Foreign-Trade Zone 7--Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; Notification of Proposed Production Activity; Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC... Company, grantee of FTZ 7, submitted a notification of proposed production activity on behalf of Pepsi...

The experiences of ataques de nervios: towards an anthropology of emotions in Puerto Rico.

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Guarnaccia, P J; Rivera, M; Franco, F; Neighbors, C

1996-09-01

Ataques de nervios are an idiom of distress used by Puerto Ricans and other Latinos to express dislocations in the social world of the family. This paper contributes to the growing study of the "anthropology of the emotions". Through detailed interviews with 121 people in Puerto Rico, 78 of whom had had an ataque de nervios, we are developing a thick description of both the prototypical models for ataques de nervios and the varied individual experiences of ataques. The interview used in this study is a version of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue specifically adapted for use in a community study of ataques de nervios in Puerto Rico. Responses to questions on the experience of ataque de nervios were analyzed using a team of reviewers who represented differing knowledge and experience with Puerto Rican culture and mental health practice. The experience of ataques de nervios involves a loss of control in several important domains of experience: emotional expressions, bodily sensations, action dimensions and alterations in consciousness. That loss of control is closely linked to important social contexts relating to major life problems and the experience of suffering.

La relaci??n entre el arquitecto y el cliente: Henry Klumb y William Levitt, dos modelos de relaci??n en la arquitectura dom??stica de Puerto Rico

OpenAIRE

Ortiz Rodr??guez, Gloril??s

2012-01-01

294 p. El tema de esta tesis es la relaci??n entre el arquitecto y el cliente en la arquitectura dom??stica contempor??nea en Puerto Rico. El estudio de esta relaci??n nos permite conocer el alcance de la colaboraci??n entre el arquitecto y el cliente, como tambi??n, los aspectos y las limitaciones de dicha relaci??n respecto a su relevancia en la creaci??n de la obra arquitect??nica. El arquitecto, a diferencia del artista pl??stico que no depende del cliente para el desarrollo y la crea...

Hydrogeology of Puerto Rico and the outlying islands of Vieques, Culebra, and Mona

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Gómez-Gómez, Fernando; Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús; Santiago, Marilyn

2014-01-01

The availability of hydrogeologic maps for Puerto Rico and the outlying islands of Vieques, Culebra, and Mona are important to hydrogeologists, groundwater specialists, and water resource managers and planners. These maps, in combination with the report, serve as a source of information to all users by providing basic hydrogeologic and hydrologic knowledge in a concise illustrated format. Puerto Rico and the outlying islands cover a total area of 8,927 square kilometers (km2). Of this total area, about 3,500 km2 are underlain by hydrogeologic units that are classified as intergranular or fissured. These hydrogeologic units form the principal aquifer systems throughout Puerto Rico and the outlying islands. In Puerto Rico, the most extensive and intensely developed aquifers are the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and the South Coastal Alluvial Plain aquifer system. Withdrawals from these two aquifer systems constitute nearly 70 percent of the total groundwater withdrawn in Puerto Rico. The spatial extent of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system is about 2,000 km2. Within this aquifer system, groundwater development is greatest in the 800-km2 area between the Río Grande de Arecibo and the Río de la Plata. This also is the area for which concern is the highest regarding the future use of groundwater as a primary source of water for domestic and industrial use. With an estimated withdrawal of 280,000 cubic meters per day (m3/d), groundwater constituted the principal source of water within this area providing 100 percent of the water for self-supplied industries and about 85 percent for public water supplies in 1985. By 2005, groundwater withdrawals decreased to 150,000 m3/d. The spatial extent of the South Coastal Alluvial Plain aquifer system is about 470 km2. The estimated consumptive groundwater withdrawal from the aquifer system was 190,000 m3/d in 1980 and 170,000 m3/d in 2005. About 60 percent and 40 percent of the groundwater withdrawal from the South

Profiling of Alzheimer's disease patients in Puerto Rico: A comparison of two distinct socioeconomic areas.

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Camacho-Mercado, Clara L; Figueroa, Raúl; Acosta, Heriberto; Arnold, Steven E; Vega, Irving E

2016-01-01

The Latino/Hispanic community in the United States is at higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than other ethnic groups. Specifically, Caribbean Hispanics showed a more severe Alzheimer's disease symptomatology than any other ethnic group. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer's disease in Puerto Rico is higher than that reported in the United States. Moreover, the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer's disease was higher among Puerto Rican living in Puerto Rico than those in the mainland United States. There is also a differential geographical distribution of mortality rate associated with Alzheimer's disease in Puerto Rico, which may be associated with differential socioeconomic status and/or access to healthcare. However, there is no information regarding the clinical profile of Alzheimer's disease patients in Puerto Rico. Here, we present the results of a retrospective study directed to profile Alzheimer's disease patients clustered into two groups based on areas previously determined with low (Metro Region) and high (Northwest-Central Region) mortality rate associated with Alzheimer's disease in Puerto Rico. Significant difference in the age-at-diagnosis and years of education was found among patients within the two studied regions. Despite these differences, both regions showed comparable levels of initial and last Mini Mental State Examination scores and rate of cognitive decline. Significant difference was also observed in the occurance of co-morbidities associated with Alzheimer's disease. The differential profile of Alzheimer's disease patients correlated with differences in socioeconomic status between these two regions, suggesting that covariant associated with social status may contribute to increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Further studies should be conducted to determine the role of socioeconomic factors and healthy living practices as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.

Environmental Assessment for Authorizing the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) to allow Public Access to the Boiling Nuclear Superheat (BONUS) Reactor Building, Rincon, Puerto Rico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to consent to a proposal by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) to allow public access to the Boiling Nuclear Superheat (BONUS) reactor building located near Rincon, Puerto Rico for use as a museum. PREPA, the owner of the BONUS facility, has determined that the historical significance of this facility, as one of only two reactors of this design ever constructed in the world, warrants preservation in a museum, and that this museum would provide economic benefits to the local community through increased tourism. Therefore, PREPA is proposing development of the BONUS facility as a museum

Exposure to Rabies in Small Indian Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Two Regions in Puerto Rico.

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Berentsen, Are R; Johnson, Shylo R; Gilbert, Amy T; VerCauteren, Kurt C

2015-10-01

The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) was introduced to several Caribbean Islands to control rat (Rattus spp.) damage to sugarcane plantations. Mongooses failed at suppressing rat populations and are now considered pests throughout most of their introduced range. Importantly, mongooses are rabies reservoirs on several Caribbean Islands. In Puerto Rico, mongooses have been implicated in up to 70% of reported animal rabies cases. There is no rabies vaccination program for wildlife in Puerto Rico, and data on rabies in mongooses are limited. We conducted a serosurvey of mongooses in two different ecologic environments in Puerto Rico: El Yunque National Forest and Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge. We collected 119 serum samples from 112 mongooses, 44 (39.3%) of which were positive for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. We also collected oral swabs from 147 mongooses, including 88 from which we also collected serum. No oral swabs were positive for rabies virus RNA. Our data support previous research suggesting rabies virus is circulating within the mongoose population on Puerto Rico.

Hepatitis C serosorting among people who inject drugs in rural Puerto Rico.

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Duncan, Ian; Curtis, Ric; Reyes, Juan Carlos; Abadie, Roberto; Khan, Bilal; Dombrowski, Kirk

2017-06-01

Due to the high cost of treatment, preventative measures to limit Hepatitis C (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) are encouraged by many public health officials. A key one of these is serosorting, where PWID select risk partners based on concordant HCV status. Research on the general U.S. population by Smith et al. (2013) found that knowledge of one's own HCV status facilitated serosorting behaviors among PWID, such that respondents with knowledge of their own status were more likely to ask potential partners about their status prior to sharing risk. Our objective was to see if this held true in rural Puerto Rico. We replicate this study using a sample of PWID in rural Puerto Rico to draw comparisons. We used respondent driven sampling to survey 315 participants, and have a final analytic sample of 154. The survey was heavily modeled after the National HIV Behavioral Survey, which was the dataset used by the previous researchers. We found that among PWID in rural Puerto Rico, unlike in the general population, knowledge of one's own HCV status had no significant effect on the selection of one's most recent injection partner, based on his/her HCV status. We conclude that PWID in rural Puerto Rico differ from the general U.S. population when it comes to serosorting behaviors, and that these differences should be taken into account in future outreaches and intervention strategies.

Measures Taken to Prevent Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy - Puerto Rico, 2016.

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D'Angelo, Denise V; Salvesen von Essen, Beatriz; Lamias, Mark J; Shulman, Holly; Hernandez-Virella, Wanda I; Taraporewalla, Aspy J; Vargas, Manuel I; Harrison, Leslie; Ellington, Sascha R; Soto, Leslianne; Williams, Tanya; Rodriguez, Aurea; Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K; Rivera, Brenda; Cox, Shanna; Pazol, Karen; Rice, Marion E; Dee, Deborah L; Romero, Lisa; Lathrop, Eva; Barfield, Wanda; Smith, Ruben A; Jamieson, Denise J; Honein, Margaret A; Deseda, Carmen; Warner, Lee

2017-06-09

Zika virus infection during pregnancy remains a serious health threat in Puerto Rico. Infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly, brain abnormalities, and other severe birth defects (1). From January 1, 2016 through March 29, 2017, Puerto Rico reported approximately 3,300 pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection (2). There is currently no vaccine or intervention to prevent the adverse effects of Zika virus infection during pregnancy; therefore, prevention has been the focus of public health activities, especially for pregnant women (3). CDC and the Puerto Rico Department of Health analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Zika Postpartum Emergency Response (PRAMS-ZPER) survey conducted from August through December 2016 among Puerto Rico residents with a live birth. Most women (98.1%) reported using at least one measure to avoid mosquitos in their home environment. However, only 45.8% of women reported wearing mosquito repellent daily, and 11.5% reported wearing pants and shirts with long sleeves daily. Approximately one third (38.5%) reported abstaining from sex or using condoms consistently throughout pregnancy. Overall, 76.9% of women reported having been tested for Zika virus by their health care provider during the first or second trimester of pregnancy. These results can be used to assess and refine Zika virus infection prevention messaging and interventions for pregnant women and to reinforce measures to promote prenatal testing for Zika.

Island in Crisis: Response to Puerto Rico

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Zenere, Frank J.

2018-01-01

On September 6, 2017, Hurricane Irma, a Category 5 storm packing winds of 185 miles per hour skirted the northern coast of Puerto Rico, leaving 1 million residents without electrical power. Schools were closed for 5 days, but a major calamity was narrowly avoided. Overall, residents were grateful for their good fortune, but the same could not be…

Juan Cristóbal Gundlach’s collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types

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Sylke Frahnert

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The German naturalist Juan Cristóbal Gundlach (1810–1896 conducted, while a resident of Cuba, two expeditions to Puerto Rico in 1873 and 1875–6, where he explored the southwestern, western, and northeastern regions of this island. Gundlach made representative collections of the island’s fauna, which formed the nucleus of the first natural history museums in Puerto Rico. When the natural history museums closed, only a few specimens were passed to other institutions, including foreign museums. None of Gundlach’s and few of his contemporaries’ specimens have survived in Puerto Rico. We located 191 bird specimens (43 species collected there by Gundlach, all of which are in foreign institutions, especially Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Here we list all located specimens and include data associated with them. Six new species were described out of the Gundlach collections from Puerto Rico, three of which are still taxonomically recognized today. Information about the types of those taxa is given.

Estudio logístico en la empresa COMERFRUTAS de Colombia S.A.S para la exportación de pulpa de limón al mercado holandés

OpenAIRE

Piedrahita Bravo, Carlos Hernán; Marín Ríos, Esteban

2012-01-01

El presente documento ofrece una guía logística y análisis financiero para las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMES) de Colombia que deseen exportar pulpa de limón al mercado Europeo. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se ha tomado el caso de la micro empresa COMERFRUTAS de Colombia S.A.S. (productora de pulpa de limón) y se ha realizado un estudio de competitividad de puertos, agentes de carga tanto terrestre como marítimos para dar las bases necesarias de exportación a las PyMES colombianas ...

Family Assistance for Older Adults in Puerto Rico

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Paul-Jesús Fericelli

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Global aging is a growing issue in most countries, including Puerto Rico. The well being of the older adult population depends mainly on a collaborative government initiative that uses both public assistance and the engagement of family members. Puerto Rican policymakers are searching for alternatives to care for the expanding elderly population as well as to protect the country’s economy, avoid the financial cliff, and reduce the high cost of public assistance. The purpose of this article is to analyze The Act for the Improvement of the Family Assistance and for the Support of the Elderly, Act No. 193 of 2002, under the criteria-based model (Gallagher & Haskins, 1984 with a value-critical appraisal (Chambers & Wedel, 2009. I suggest Act No. 193 of 2002 as a model for policymakers who are seeking ways to improve assistance for older adults, by promoting the following values: fairness, familism, fraternity, and accountability.

ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA, TIEMPO SENTADO Y CARACTERÍSTICASANTROPOMÉTRICAS Y DE SALUD GENERAL EN PERSONAS ADULTAS MAYORES EN PUERTO RICO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SITTING TIME AND ANTHROPOMETRIC AND GENERAL HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN PUERTO RICO

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Osvaldo J. Hernández Soto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Evaluar actividad física (AF, tiempo sentado (TS y su relación con características antropométricas y de salud general en personas adultas mayores en Puerto Rico. Métodos: 291 participantes completaron un cuestionario de AF y uno sociodemográfico y de salud general. Se midió estatura, peso y circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizó la prueba t y Ji-cuadrado para determinar diferencias por sexo, y correlación Spearman para evaluar relaciones entre variables. Resultados: La edad fluctuó mayormente entre 60-70 (31% y 71-80 (39% años, la percepción de salud mayormente regular (39% o buena (31%, pocos fumaban (5%, y en promedio estaban en sobrepeso (IMC=29 kg/m2. La AF fue mayor en hombres (270±406 vs. 171±370 min/semana, P=0.03, y el TS fue mayor en mujeres (5.6±2.9 vs 4.6±2.9 horas/semana. Ambos correlacionaron con percepción de salud (rs=0.18 y -0.19, P<0.05. Conclusión: Se enfatiza la importancia de reducir el TS y aumentar AF en esta población.

Employment Status, Depression, Drinking, and Alcohol Use Disorder in Puerto Rico.

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Caetano, Raul; Vaeth, Patrice A C; Mills, Britain; Canino, Glorisa

2016-04-01

Our aim was to examine the association between employment status, depression, drinking, binge drinking, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder in Puerto Rico. Data are from a 2013 to 2014 household random sample of individuals 18 to 64 years of age in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Bivariate analyses showed that depression was 5 times higher among unemployed males than among those employed full time (21% vs. 4%) and 2 times higher among unemployed females compared to those employed part time or full time (18% vs. 7% and 9%). Employment status was not associated with weekly volume of drinking, but nonparticipation in the workforce was protective against drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 4.57; p gender was a factor of risk for being a current drinker (OR = 2; 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.6; p gender was protective against depression (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.73; p employed only part time were almost 5 times more likely than females employed full time to be depressed (OR = 4.66; 95% CI = 1.25 to 17.38; p Employment status in Puerto Rico is associated with depression and with current drinking, but not with other alcohol-related outcomes. Perhaps Puerto Rico is a "wet" environment, where drinking is already at a relatively high level that is not affected by employment status. Perhaps the chronic high rate of unemployment in the island has also created familial (e.g., support) and personal level accommodations (e.g., participation in the informal economy) that do not include increased drinking. Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

Association of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican youth.

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Jaschek, Graciela; Carter-Pokras, Olivia; He, Xin; Lee, Sunmin; Canino, Glorisa

2016-08-01

This article compares multiple types of child maltreatment among Puerto Rican youth. We seek to expand the limited knowledge of the effects of multiple types of maltreatment on depressive symptoms in a specific Latino population as emerging studies indicate that children who are exposed to one type of maltreatment are often exposed to other types. This study examines the predictive strength of different and multiple types of lifetime child maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; and neglect), and the effect of youth support from parents, youth coping, youth self-esteem, and place of residence on depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican youth. Secondary data analyses were performed using three annual waves (2000-2004) of data from the Boricua Youth Study. The analytic sample consists of 1041 10-13 year old Puerto Rican youth living in New York and Puerto Rico. Results indicate that: (1) youth who experienced 'sexual abuse only', 'multiple maltreatment' (2 or more types of maltreatment), 'physical abuse only' have a significant increase in depressive symptoms (75.1%, 61.6%, and 40.5% respectively) compared to those without maltreatment; and (2) place of residence, exposure to violence, and mental disorders were significant risk factors. When developing psychosocial interventions, professionals should particularly focus on youth who report past lifetime experience with child maltreatment. Particular attention should be given to children living in the Bronx, New York and similar urban low-income areas who report past lifetime experience with multiple types of child maltreatment and who present symptoms or a diagnosis of co-occurring mental health problems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Particulate Air Contamination in Puerto Rico: A Student Involvement Project.

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Eckert, Richard R.

1979-01-01

Describes a research project undertaken by physics undergraduate students to monitor particulate air contamination in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and to determine the meteorological factors which contribute to it. (GA)

Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Mass Among Puerto Rican Older Adults

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Noel, Sabrina E; Mangano, Kelsey M; Griffith, John L; Wright, Nicole C; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Tucker, Katherine L

2018-01-01

Historically, osteoporosis has not been considered a public health priority for the Hispanic population. However, recent data indicate that Mexican Americans are at increased risk for this chronic condition. Although it is well established that there is heterogeneity in social, lifestyle, and health-related factors among Hispanic subgroups, there are currently few studies on bone health among Hispanic subgroups other than Mexican Americans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass (LBM) among 953 Puerto Rican adults, aged 47 to 79 years and living on the US mainland, using data from one of the largest cohorts on bone health in this population: The Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study (BPROS). Participants completed an interview to assess demographic and lifestyle characteristics and bone mineral density measures. To facilitate comparisons with national data, we calculated age-adjusted estimates for osteoporosis and LBM for Mexican American, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black adults, aged ≥50 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The overall prevalence of osteoporosis and LBM were 10.5% and 43.3% for participants in the BPROS, respectively. For men, the highest prevalence of osteoporosis was among those aged 50 to 59 years (11%) and lowest for men ≥70 years (3.7%). The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis for Puerto Rican men was 8.6%, compared with 2.3% for non-Hispanic white, and 3.9% for Mexican American men. There were no statistically significant differences between age-adjusted estimates for Puerto Rican women (10.7%), non-Hispanic white women (10.1%), or Mexican American women (16%). There is a need to understand specific factors contributing to osteoporosis in Puerto Rican adults, particularly younger men. This will provide important information to guide the development of culturally and linguistically tailored interventions to improve bone health in this

Burden of stroke in Puerto Rico.

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Zevallos, Juan; Santiago, Fernando; González, Juan; Rodríguez, Abiezer; Pericchi, Luis; Rodríguez-Mercado, Rafael; Nobo, Ulises

2015-01-01

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and the first cause of long-term disability in Puerto Rico. Trained staff reviewed and independently validated the medical records of patients who had been hospitalized with possible stroke at any of the 20 largest hospitals located in Puerto Rico during 2007, 2009, and 2011. The mean age of the 5005 newly diagnosed stroke patients (51·2% female) was 70 years. At the time of hospitalization, women were 4½ years older, were less likely to be married (60·2% vs. 39·9%, P diabetes (56·0% vs. 54·8%), hypertension (89·1% vs. 85·0%), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) > 100 mg/dL (65·7% vs. 57·5%) P < 0·05. Ischemic stroke represented 75% of all types of strokes. Atrial fibrillation was mentioned in 7·9% of the medical records. The risk for dying before discharge was similar for both genders, but was 40% higher for women than for men at one-year follow-up: age-adjusted odds ratio = 1·4 (95% confidence interval = 1·2-1·5). © 2014 World Stroke Organization.

Ofensores sexuales juveniles: Investigación del perfil psicosocial e intervención judicial en Puerto Rico/Juvenile sexual offenders: Psychosocial profile investigation and judicial intervention in Puerto Rico

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Gloriam Zaid Mercado-Justiniano

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The population of children in Puerto Rico is the most complicated, it must be in terms biopsicologicals, behavioral, disciplinary, educational and moral due to the age difference. The existing possibility of becoming victims of crimes of violence is the driving reason for this research. It is a psycho-social profile by establishing a real picture-elements, factors and stimuli-conditions that cause a deviation behavioral and a malformation of characters in our childhood. Thus breaking a cultural Puerto Rican "taboo" in the light of the fraud that permeates in this criminal action.

Reconnaissance of Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals at Public Water Supply Wells Throughout Puerto Rico, November 1984-May 1985

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Guzman-Rios, Senen; Garcia, Rene; Aviles, Ada

1987-01-01

INTRODUCTION Ground water is the principal source of drinking water for about 850,000 people in Puerto Rico (National Water Summary, 1985). Ground-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural, and industrial water uses in Puerto Rico are about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (Torres-Sierra and Aviles, 1985). The development of the most accessible surface water supplies will result in an increasing demand for ground water. Recent investigations conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey, WRD (USGS) have shown the presence of toxic synthetic organic chemicals in ground water throughout Puerto Rico (Gomez-Gomez and Guzman-Rios, 1982). Volatile synthetic organic chemicals (VOC's) have been detected in water from public water supply wells in concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 micrograms per liter (Guzman-Rios and Quinones-Marquez, 1984 and Guzman-Rios and Quinones-Marquez, 1985). As result of these findings, pumpage was discontinued at 6 wells operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico agency responsible for public-water supply. Monitoring of 10 additional wells in the vicinity of those wells is being conducted by the USGS in cooperation with PRASA. In 1985, the USGS began a comprehensive islandwide study of VOC's in drinking water. The study was conducted in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH) and PRASA. Samples were collected from 243 public-water supply wells operated by PRASA (flgure 1). The authors wish to acknowledge the support, assistance and cooperation of the PRASA staff throughout Puerto Rico in the sample collection effort. The authors are especially grateful to Engineer Carlos Garcia-Troche from the PRASA main office in San Juan.

Estimating Green Net National Product for Puerto Rico: An Economic Measure of Sustainability

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Wu, Shanshan; Heberling, Matthew T.

2016-04-01

This paper presents the data sources and methodology used to estimate Green Net National Product (GNNP), an economic metric of sustainability, for Puerto Rico. Using the change in GNNP as a one-sided test of weak sustainability (i.e., positive growth in GNNP is not enough to show the economy is sustainable), we measure the movement away from sustainability by examining the change in GNNP from 1993 to 2009. In order to calculate GNNP, we require both economic and natural capital data, but limited data for Puerto Rico require a number of simplifying assumptions. Based on the environmental challenges faced by Puerto Rico, we include damages from air emissions and solid waste, the storm protection value of mangroves and the value of extracting crushed stone as components in the depreciation of natural capital. Our estimate of GNNP also includes the value of time, which captures the effects of technological progress. The results show that GNNP had an increasing trend over the 17 years studied with two periods of negative growth (2004-2006 and 2007-2008). Our additional analysis suggests that the negative growth in 2004-2006 was possibly due to a temporary economic downturn. However, the negative growth in 2007-2008 was likely from the decline in the value of time, suggesting the island of Puerto Rico was moving away from sustainability during this time.

First published record of urban malaria in Puerto Gaitán, Meta, Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

Buitrago, Luz Stella; Brochero, Helena Luisa; McKeon, Sascha N; Lainhart, William; Conn, Jan E

2013-01-01

Patterns of malaria cases were compared between the department of Meta and the municipality of Puerto Gaitán, Colombia, to examine temporal change in malaria from 2005-2010. During this time frame in Meta the mean ratio was 2.53; in contrast, in Puerto Gaitán it was 1.41, meaning that a surprisingly high proportion of Plasmodium falciparum cases were reported from this municipality. A detailed analysis of data from Puerto Gaitán for 2009 and 2010 detected a significant difference (χ2, p < 0.001) in the distribution of plasmodia, with Plasmodium vivax more prevalent in 2009 and P. falciparum in 2010. Males had the highest number of cases but there was no difference in the distribution of cases between sexes and years. In both years, for both sexes, people 16-40 accounted for the majority of cases (58.9% in 2009; 60.4% in 2010). There were significant differences in the distribution of both P. vivax (χ2, p < 0.01) and P. falciparum cases (χ2, p < 0.05) by geographic setting (urban vs. non-urban) between years. Urban cases of both P. vivax and P. falciparum are recorded in this study for the first time in Puerto Gaitán, possibly the result of area wide displacement and migration due to armed conflict. PMID:24402157

Estimating Green Net National Product for Puerto Rico: An Economic Measure of Sustainability.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Shanshan; Heberling, Matthew T

2016-04-01

This paper presents the data sources and methodology used to estimate Green Net National Product (GNNP), an economic metric of sustainability, for Puerto Rico. Using the change in GNNP as a one-sided test of weak sustainability (i.e., positive growth in GNNP is not enough to show the economy is sustainable), we measure the movement away from sustainability by examining the change in GNNP from 1993 to 2009. In order to calculate GNNP, we require both economic and natural capital data, but limited data for Puerto Rico require a number of simplifying assumptions. Based on the environmental challenges faced by Puerto Rico, we include damages from air emissions and solid waste, the storm protection value of mangroves and the value of extracting crushed stone as components in the depreciation of natural capital. Our estimate of GNNP also includes the value of time, which captures the effects of technological progress. The results show that GNNP had an increasing trend over the 17 years studied with two periods of negative growth (2004-2006 and 2007-2008). Our additional analysis suggests that the negative growth in 2004-2006 was possibly due to a temporary economic downturn. However, the negative growth in 2007-2008 was likely from the decline in the value of time, suggesting the island of Puerto Rico was moving away from sustainability during this time.

Masculinity and gender roles among Puerto Rican men: machismo on the U.S. mainland.

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Torres, J B

1998-01-01

The literature on masculinity and gender roles in American life has mostly over-looked Latino men, or has stereotyped them by means of a distorted concept of machismo. A reconceptualization of masculinity and machismo among Puerto Rican men is presented, based on a multidimensional view of their historical and current sociocultural reality. Relevant clinical and social services for Puerto Rican men are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

Disinfection Alternatives for Small Communities in Puerto Rico

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Disinfection Alternatives for Small Communities in Puerto Rico Craig Patterson1, Graciela Ramirez Toro2, Harvey Minnigh2, Cristina Maldonado3, and Rajib Sinha4 1U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, 2Centro de Educación, Conservación e Interpretación Ambiental (CECIA),...

"So yo creo que es un proceso evolutivo": Language Ideologies among Puerto Ricans in Southeastern Pennsylvania

Science.gov (United States)

Shenk, Elaine

2017-01-01

This article examines the perspectives of Puerto Ricans living in the United States in response to a publicity campaign that focuses on the correction of linguistic features that appear in some Puerto Ricans' spoken Spanish. The campaign addresses phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic features, including a specific set of words or…

Usher syndrome in Puerto Rico: a clinical and genetic study.

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Colón-Casasnovas, Jaime E; Izquierdo, Natalio J; Millán, Jose M

2010-01-01

To evaluate patients with the Usher syn drome in Puerto Rico. Three patients with the Usher syndrome underwent an ophthalmic and audiologic evaluation; and genetic linkage analysis. All patients were legally blind based on visual acuity and visual field results. Two patients had macular edema as shown on Stratus OCT. All patients had moderate hearing loss as part of the syndrome. A patient, and two family members had three mutations leading to protein changes including: p.S4588Y; p.Y4505C; and p.14474M. Phenotypic findings in patients with the Usher syndrome in Puerto Rico are similar to those previously reported. However, to our knowledge, neither these mutations nor OCT findings have been previously described in patients with the syndrome.

Nueva especie del quitón Lepidochitona (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae de Puerto Rico

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Cedar I García-Ríos

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El género Lepidochitona Gray, 1821 tiene dos especies en el Caribe: L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson, 1901 y L. rosea Kaas, 1972. Se describe una tercera especie: Lepidochitona rufoi sp. nov. de Puerto Rico. Lepidochitona rufoi difiere de ambas por tener un tegumento finamente granuloso, menor tamaño, una rádula con dientes centrales muy finos, la forma de la valva anal y el color diferentes. También difiere de L. liozonis por tener espículas marginales más largas.A new species of the chiton Lepidochitona (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae from Puerto Rico. The genus Lepidochitona Gray, 1821 has two species in the Caribbean: L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson, 1901 and L. rosea Kaas, 1972. We describe a third species: Lepidochitona rufoi sp. nov. from Puerto Rico. Lepidochitona rufoi differs from both in having a finely granulose tegmentum, smaller size, a very fine central radula tooth, and different anal plate form and color pattern. It also differs from L. liozonis in having longer marginal spicules. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2: 635-644. Epub 2010 June 02.

Influential Factors of Puerto Rican Mother–Child Communication About Sexual Health Topics

Science.gov (United States)

Granberry, Phillip; Person, Sharina; Allison, Jeroan; Rosal, Milagros; Rustan, Sarah

2016-01-01

Introduction Latina mothers play a central role in raising and socializing their children; however, few studies have examined the cultural, socio-cognitive and neighborhood-related variables influencing the level of communication between Puerto Rican mothers and their children about sexuality and sexual health. This cross-sectional study sought to examine these influences. Methods Puerto Rican mothers with children aged 10–19 years (n = 193) were selected randomly for an ethnographic interview as part of a community participatory action research project in a U.S. urban northeastern community. Results Bivariate analyses found statistically significant associations between the child’s age (p = 0.002), the mother’s past communication about traditional gender role norms of women (marianismo) (p communications with her child (p communicate sexual health information as well as the need to improve mothers’ confidence discussing sexual health issues with their children. Future public health interventions to promote communication about sexuality and sexual health among Puerto Rican mothers should consider addressing this issue as a part of comprehensive neighborhood improvement projects. PMID:27461018

Association of major depression and diabetes in medically indigent Puerto Rican adults.

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Disdier-Flores, Orville M

2010-03-01

Studies have found that major depression and diabetes mellitus are strongly associated. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the association between major depression and diabetes in a large medically indigent population of Puerto Rican adults living on the island. A secondary database analysis through a cross-sectional design was used for this study. Participants were selected from the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Health Plan database, beneficiaries of the public health sector. Adult's subjects with at least one claim during 2002 were included. The final sample consisted of 1,026,625 adult insured. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) was used for disease classifications. The prevalence of diabetes was 14.6% in subjects with major depression and 9.7% for those without major depression (POR 1.59, p diabetes appears to be significantly higher in Puerto Rican adults with major depression compared to those without this psychiatric disorder. Longitudinal prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to shed light on the temporal or causal relationship and to test whether effective prevention and treatment can reduce the risk of developing diabetes.

Management of pest mole crickets in Florida and Puerto Rico with a nematode and parasitic wasp

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leppla, N.C.; Frank, J.H.; Adjei, M.B.; Vicente, N.E.

2007-01-01

Non-indigenous invasive mole crickets, Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Florida and S. didactylus (Latreille) (the 'changa') in Puerto Rico, are being managed with an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema scapterisci (Nguyen and Smart) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), and a parasitic wasp, Larra bicolor L. (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Pest mole cricket populations have declined by 95% in north central Florida since these specialist natural enemies were released and established in the 1980s. Commercial production of the nematode was initiated, nearly 70 billion were applied in 34 Florida counties, and their establishment, spread, and impact on mole crickets were monitored. The infected mole crickets dispersed the nematode rapidly, so that within 6 months these parasites were present in most of the insects trapped in experimental pastures. Three years later, mole cricket populations were reduced to acceptable levels and the bahiagrass had recovered. The nematode was released for the first time in Puerto Rico during 2001 and has persisted; the wasp was introduced in the late 1930s. The geographical distribution of the wasp is being expanded in Florida and Puerto Rico by planting plots of Spermacoce verticillata (L.), a wildflower indigenous to Puerto Rico and widely distributed in southern Florida. Pastures, sod farms, golf courses, landscapes, and vegetable farms in Florida and Puerto Rico are benefiting from biological control of invasive mole crickets. (author) [es

Knowledge and attitudes in Puerto Rico concerning dengue prevention Conocimientos y actitudes en Puerto Rico en torno a la prevención del dengue

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Carmen L. Pérez-Guerra

2005-04-01

prevención de la enfermedad. Realizamos la presente investigación con el fin de entender los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la comunidad en torno a la prevención del dengue y de recoger sus ideas acerca de futuras campañas de prevención. MÉTODOS: Entre febrero y mayo de 2001 se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo basado en el método inductivo conocido por "categorización mediante teoría generada" [grounded theory analysis]. El estudio se efectuó con 34 participantes de cuatro entrevistas en grupo, todos ellos identificados mediante el sistema de vigilancia del dengue de Puerto Rico. RESULTADOS: En términos generales, los participantes tenían conocimientos adecuados acerca de la prevención del dengue, pero no asociaban los mosquitos que había dentro de las viviendas con Aedes aegypti. Repetían con insistencia que "el vecino" tenía que controlar los hábitat larvarios, y también le pidieron al Gobierno que fumigara. CONCLUSIONES: Los conocimientos y opiniones que afloraron en las discusiones mostraron ciertos patrones. Colocados a lo largo de un eje, estos revelaron un espectro desde muchos hasta muy pocos conocimientos que fuesen acertados acerca del dengue, la fiebre hemorrágica del dengue y las prácticas que deben observarse en conexión con estas afecciones. Hubo pocos participantes en un extremo u otro del espectro. Tres temas explicaron los patrones observados: ideas equivocadas en torno al dengue (basadas en información impartida anteriormente, la "invisibilidad" del dengue (por comparación con otras enfermedades, y la responsabilidad (individual y del Gobierno. Se recomendaron cuatro estrategias encaminadas a fomentar conductas de tipo preventivo: crear grupos comunitarios que identificaran las prioridades de la comunidad en materia de prevención; formar grupos de voluntarios que impartieran mensajes con fines preventivos; hacer visitas domiciliarias para demostrar ciertas medidas de control, y llevar a cabo una campaña de publicidad

33 CFR 165.776 - Security Zone; Coast Guard Base San Juan, San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security Zone; Coast Guard Base San Juan, San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico 165.776 Section 165.776 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... Guard District § 165.776 Security Zone; Coast Guard Base San Juan, San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico (a...

Development of management policy for the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate fishery in Puerto Rico: A case study

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M.P Hardin

2005-05-01

Full Text Available In recent years the collection of tropical marine organisms for the aquarium trade has become perceived as an activity with an unsustainable history as well as obvious potential for rehabilitation through resource-based fisheries management and consumer-oriented product certification.In the case of Puerto Rico, collection of ornamentals has existed for decades,though unregulated due to a weak fisheries law dating from the 1930 ’s.The new Fisheries Law 278 of 1998 enabled new regulatory approaches for marine ornamentals, which were met with serious challenges rooted in (1an information gap concerning the fishery regarding participant numbers,collection methods and export volumes,and (2the absence of consultation of fishers by agency regulators.The information gap led to worst-case assumptions of impact by regulators,and a closure of the fishery, which set the stage for threatening personal confrontations and lawsuits,the latter leading to de facto resource management by judicial order.To redress these issues and move management back into the arena of science and public policy,regulators have initiated a three-phase program: (1characterize fisher numbers, methods and exports,(2describe populations and biology of commercial species,and (3propose appropriate fisheries management approaches.This paper describes only the first phase of this program.En años recientes,se ha llegado a percibir la captura de organismos marinos tropicales para el comercio de acuario como una actividad poco sostenible,pero a la vez,con potencial de rehabilitarla por medio del manejo del recurso y la certificación del producto para el consumidor.En el caso de Puerto Rico,la recolección de especies ornamentales ha existido durante décadas y ha sido poco regulada a causa de la débil ley sobre pesquerías existente desde la década de 1930.La Ley 278 de las Industrias Pesqueras de 1998 incluyó nuevas regulaciones para los organismos marinos ornamentales.Las regulaciones

Manifestaciones clínicas del dengue hemorrágico en Puerto Rico, 1990-1991

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José G. Rigau-Pérez

1997-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se realizó con el fin de mostrar que el dengue hemorrágico (DH se da en Puerto Rico, si bien es una enfermedad subnotificada, lo que se debe en parte a su subdiagnóstico en los hospitales. La vigilancia de casos graves de dengue permitió determinar que hubo 986 hospitalizaciones por sospecha de dengue en el período de 1990-1991. En esa época, el sistema de vigilancia identificó 20 casos de DH, incluidos tres de síndrome de choque por dengue (SCD. Nuestra subsecuente revisión de los expedientes de los 986 pacientes reveló que en 102 de ellos había razones para apoyar el diagnóstico clínico de DH (88 y de SCD (14. Entre estos 102 había 57 que dieron resultados virológicos o serológicos positivos a dengue y que reunían los criterios de caso de dengue establecidos por la OMS (fiebre, manifestaciones hemorrágicas, trombocitopenia y excesiva permeabilidad capilar. En el grupo de 57 pacientes, la media de edad era de 38 años y preponderaban los hombres (34, o sea 59,3%, incluidos ocho casos de SCD y dos (3,5% defunciones (en mujeres de 16 y 55 años de edad. Los síntomas hemorrágicos fueron leves y con frecuencia se observaron hemoconcentración, hipoalbuminemia y concentraciones elevadas de aspartato y alanina aminotransferasas. Las hospitalizaciones duraron unos 5 días en término medio. La descripción clínica de estos casos de DH en Puerto Rico coincide con descripciones anteriores de la enfermedad en la literatura médica, pero la distribución por edad de los pacientes es similar al patrón que se suele encontrar en las Américas (donde afecta a todos los grupos de edad, en contraste con el de Asia Sudoriental (donde afecta principalmente a niños pequeños. El número de casos identificados en nuestro estudio fue casi tres veces mayor que el número notificado por el sistema de vigilancia establecido. Nuestros resultados indican que es necesario mejorar la capacidad de los clínicos locales para reconocer y

Datos para una biografía del jurista Pedro Murillo Velarde y Bravo

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Luis Díaz de la Guardia y López

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se pretende aportar una serie de coordenadas para fijar la vida y el pensamiento de Pedro Murillo Velarde y Bravo (Laujar 1696-Puerto de Santa María 1753. Hidalgo de familia de caballeros, sobrino de un Obispo de Pamplona, rompe en principio con el entorno familiar de búsqueda de ascenso social para dedicarse a la misión en Filipinas, llegando a ser procurador provincial de la Compañía en Filipinas ante la Corte de Madrid y Roma. Gran jurista, tiistoriador, geógrafo, poeta, político y orador. Por medio de documentos y obras del autor no sólo se desentraña la vida del jesuíta sino también su pensamiento frente a las Filipinas, la política o la religión.This article intends to contribute a series of coordinates to establish the life and thinking of Pedro Murillo Velarde y Bravo (Laujuar 1696-Puerto de Santa María 1753. Noble from a family of gentlemen and nephew of a Bishop of Pamplona, firstly breaks away from the family environment that seeks social promotion to dedicate himself to the mission in the Philippines, becoming the Society of Jesus'provincial representative in the Philippines before the Court of Madrid and Rome. Great jurist, historian, geographer, poet, politician and orator. Through the documents and works of the autor, not only is the life of the Jesuit unravelled but also his thinking on the Philippines politics and religión.

Community Engagement for Identifying Cancer Education Needs in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez, Julio; Ramos, Axel; Ramos-Rivera, Francisco E; Gwede, Clement; Quinn, Gwendolyn P; Vadaparampil, Susan; Brandon, Thomas; Simmons, Vani; Castro, Eida

2018-02-01

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico, suggesting a need for improved strategies, programs, and resources devoted to cancer prevention. Enhanced prevention needs in Puerto Rico were initially identified in pilot studies conducted by the Ponce School of Medicine (PSM) in collaboration with the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC). In the current study, we used community engagement to identify specific needs in cancer prevention and education and strategies to create culturally attuned, effective cancer prevention education programs. A total of 37 participants attended a community forum and were assigned to one of three discussion groups: patients/survivors (n = 14); family/caregivers (n = 11); or healthcare providers (n = 12). Most participants were women (73 %), over 35 years of age, and a majority were married (58 %) and had a university education (81 %). The sessions were recorded and transcribed and analyzed for key themes. Participants wanted improved awareness of cancer prevention in Puerto Rico and believed cancer prevention education should start early, ideally in elementary school. Participants also stressed the importance of creating partnerships with private and government agencies to coordinate educational efforts. Suggested strategies included outreach to communities with limited resources, incorporating the testimony of cancer survivors, and utilizing social media to disseminate cancer prevention information.

Trends in diabetes mellitus mortality in Puerto Rico: 1980-1997.

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Perdomo, R; Pérez-Cardona, C M; Suárez-Pérez, E L

2001-03-01

To determine the characteristics and trends of diabetes mortality among the Puerto Rican population from 1980 through 1997. Death certificates for Puerto Rican residents whose underlying cause of death was diabetes mellitus (ICD-9-250.0) were reviewed, and sociodemographic information was abstracted. The proportion mortality ratio (PMR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by gender, age group, educational level and period of time. Trend analysis in mortality was performed using a Poisson regression model. A total of 26,193 deaths (5.8%) were primarily attributed to diabetes mellitus in the study period. Females accounted for 55.8% of all diabetes related deaths. Diabetes accounted for a higher proportion of deaths among persons aged 60-64 years (8.14%), persons aged 65-74 (8.12%), females (7.73%) and those with 1-6 years of education (7.08%). The PMR steadily increased from 4.55% in the 1980-85 period to 6.91% in the 1992-97 period. There was a higher mortality in male diabetic subjects aged or = 75) was examined, males had a higher mortality between 1986 and 1997, whereas females had a slightly higher rate between 1980 and 1985. Our results indicate that diabetes mortality has been markedly increasing in the Puerto Rican population, primarily in persons aged 65 years or more. Further analysis is needed to evaluate the determinants of mortality in diabetes.

Profiling of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Puerto Rico: A comparison of two distinct socioeconomic areas

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Clara L Camacho-Mercado

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: The Latino/Hispanic community in the United States is at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than other ethnic groups. Specifically, Caribbean Hispanics showed a more severe Alzheimer’s disease symptomatology than any other ethnic group. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico is higher than that reported in the United States. Moreover, the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease was higher among Puerto Rican living in Puerto Rico than those in the mainland United States. There is also a differential geographical distribution of mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico, which may be associated with differential socioeconomic status and/or access to healthcare. However, there is no information regarding the clinical profile of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Puerto Rico. Methods: Here, we present the results of a retrospective study directed to profile Alzheimer’s disease patients clustered into two groups based on areas previously determined with low (Metro Region and high (Northwest-Central Region mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico. Results: Significant difference in the age-at-diagnosis and years of education was found among patients within the two studied regions. Despite these differences, both regions showed comparable levels of initial and last Mini Mental State Examination scores and rate of cognitive decline. Significant difference was also observed in the occurance of co-morbidities associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: The differential profile of Alzheimer’s disease patients correlated with differences in socioeconomic status between these two regions, suggesting that covariant associated with social status may contribute to increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies should be conducted to determine the role of

On the Outskirts of National Health Reform: A Comparative Assessment of Health Insurance and Access to Care in Puerto Rico and the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Portela, Maria; Sommers, Benjamin D

2015-09-01

Puerto Rico is the United States' largest territory, home to nearly 4 million American citizens, yet it has remained largely on the outskirts of US health policy, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA). We analyzed national survey data from 2011 to 2012 and found that despite its far poorer population, Puerto Rico outperforms the mainland United States on several measures of health care coverage and access to care. While the ACA significantly increases federal resources in Puerto Rico, ongoing federal restrictions on Medicaid funding and premium tax credits in Puerto Rico pose substantial health policy challenges in the territory. Puerto Rico is the United States' largest territory, home to nearly 4 million American citizens. Yet it has remained largely on the outskirts of US health policy, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This article presents an overview of Puerto Rico's health care system and a comparative analysis of coverage and access to care in Puerto Rico and the mainland United States. We analyzed 2011-2012 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2012 data from the American Community Survey and its counterpart, the Puerto Rico Community Survey. Among adults 18 and older, we examined health insurance coverage; access measures, such as having a usual source of care and cost-related delays in care; self-reported health; and the receipt of recommended preventive services, such as cancer screening and glucose testing. We used multivariate regression models to compare Puerto Rico and the mainland United States, adjusted for age, income, race/ethnicity, and other demographic variables. Uninsured rates were significantly lower in Puerto Rico (unadjusted 7.4% versus 15.0%, adjusted difference: -12.0%, p Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican residents were more likely than those in the mainland United States to have a usual source of care and to have had a checkup within the past year, and fewer experienced cost-related delays in care. Screening

2007 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_244220_001_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

2007 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_244220_000_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

Summit to Sea Characterization of Coastal Watersheds - Puerto Rico 2004

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This Characterization of Coastal Watershed for Puerto Rico, Culebra Island and Vieques Island, is a GIS products suite consisting of layers derived from diverse...

San Juan, Puerto Rico Tsunami Forecast Grids for MOST Model

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The San Juan, Puerto Rico Forecast Model Grids provides bathymetric data strictly for tsunami inundation modeling with the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) model....

2006 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_215365_004_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

2006 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_215365_000_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

2006 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_215365_012_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

2008 IKONOS Image Vieques Puerto Rico - opo_255604_000_ps

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat maps of the nearshore marine environment of Vieques, Puerto Rico were created by visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The objective of...

Concept of a Pitot tube able to detect blockage by ice, volcanic ash, sand and insects, and to clear the tube

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Jackson, David A.

2015-12-01

A conceptual coaxial Pitot tube (PT) has been developed using fiber optic sensors combined with actuators to monitor and maintain its correct operation under different environmental conditions. Experiments were performed showing that the dynamic and static tubes can be cleared of ice. It was also demonstrated that the dynamic tube could be cleared of dust and sand which was not the case for the static tube in the coaxial configuration. An approach was proposed to overcome this problem involving a conventional configuration where the static tube was operated independently orthogonal to the dynamic tube, and a second set of sensors and actuators was used. Sensors and associated actuators were developed for temperature and intensity for a linear PT. The aim of this work is to propose a solution for a problem that has caused the loss of the lives of many passengers and crew of aircraft. Resources were not available to test a full implementation of a PT incorporating the proposed modifications.

76 FR 59178 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-23

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12770 and 12771] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 2. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the...

76 FR 63699 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-13

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12770 and 12771] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 4. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the...

75 FR 76517 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00012

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-08

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12368 and 12369] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00012 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 2. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the...

76 FR 62133 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-06

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12770 and 12771] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 3. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance only for the...

76 FR 56861 - Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-14

... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 12770 and 12771] Puerto Rico Disaster Number PR-00015 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 1. SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the Presidential declaration of a major disaster for Public Assistance Only for the...

Puerto Rico: Information for Status Deliberations

Science.gov (United States)

1990-03-01

Rico has suffered a temporary setback from the destruction caused by Hurricane Hugo , both the availability and quality of the island’s housing stock...34"ý Prnce omi Puerto Rico aw (US li ANTIUDAN (U.S.) ,M S oh’ Montserrat (UK) !tGuadsiffupe (FR.) HONDURAS DOMdINICA Caribbean Sea Rosea q Martinique...Housing (the most recent data available). While the island has suffered a temporary setback because of the destruction caused by Hurricane Hugo

An Overview of the Great Puerto Rico ShakeOut 2012

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Gómez, G.; Soto-Cordero, L.; Huérfano-Moreno, V.; Ramos-Gómez, W.; De La Matta, M.

2012-12-01

With a population of 4 million, Puerto Rico will be celebrating this year, for first time, an Island-wide earthquake drill following the Great California ShakeOut model. Most of our population has never experienced a large earthquake, since our last significant event occurred on 1918, and is not adequately prepared to respond to a sudden ground movement. During the moderate-size earthquakes (M5.2-5.8) that have been felt in Puerto Rico since 2010, and despite Puerto Rico Seismic Network education efforts, the general public reaction was inappropriate, occasionally putting themselves and others at risk. Our overarching goal for the Great Puerto Rico ShakeOut is to help develop seismic awareness and preparedness in our communities. In addition, our main objectives include: to teach the public to remain calm and act quickly and appropriately during a seismic event, the identification and correction of potential hazards that may cause injuries, and the development/update of mitigation plans for home, work place and/or school. We are also taking this opportunity to clarify the misconceptions of other methods of protection (e.g. triangle of life) and warning equipment and systems that do not have sound scientific or applicable basis for our country. We will be presenting an overview of the accomplishment of our earthquake drill and the different strategies we are using, such as internet, social media and collaboration with state government agencies and professional groups, to reach diverse age and educational level groups and to promote their participation. One of our main target groups this year are school students since their experience can have a direct and positive impact on their families. The drill webpage was developed in Spanish and English as well as our promotional and educational materials. Being the first time a Spanish-speaking country coordinates a ShakeOut exercise we hope our experience and the materials we are developing could be of use and benefit to

English Acquisition in Puerto Rico: Teachers' Insights

Science.gov (United States)

Eisenstein Ebsworth, Miriam; Ebsworth, Timothy John; Cai, Chencen

2018-01-01

Acquiring English in Puerto Rico involves the perceived advantages of bilingualism in contact with socio-political and economic forces that encourage and constrain the development of a population that is bilingual and biliterate in Spanish and English. Using a mixed design we report the perspectives of 86 experienced English teachers on the…

Variaciones de la temperatura superficial del mar en Puerto Chicama y del índice de oscilación del Sur: 1925-1992

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1993-01-01

Full Text Available VARIATIONS DE LA TEMPÉRATURE SUPERFICIELLE DE LA MER À PUERTO CHICAMA ET DE L'INDICE DE L'OSCILLATION AUSTRALE : 1925-1992. Ce travail présente une description des principales variations de la Température Superficielle de la Mer (TSM dans le Port de Chicama (07°42'S-79 °27'O et de l'Indice d'Oscillation Australe entre 1925 et 1992. Il est d'abord précisé que les informations de TSM de Chicama (à présent renommé Puerto Malabrigo constituent la série la plus longue et confiable du pays elle part de décembre 1924 avec 2 mesures quotidiennes jusqu'en 1969, date à partir de laquelle 3 mesures quotidiennes ont été faites. On décrit ensuite, sur l'échelle du temps, la présence d'anomalies de températures par groupes d'années et très rarement an cours d'une même année. On définit le début et la durée de l'événement en fonction des déviations standard mensuelles et annuelles, pour pouvoir ainsi définir des événements chauds ou froids et les comparer avec les IOS. El propósito del presente trabajo es presentar una descripción de las principales variaciones de la Temperatura Superficial del Mar (TSM en el Puerto de Chicama (07° 42'S -79° 27'W y del índice de Oscilación del Sur durante el periodo de 1925 a 1992. Este trabajo empieza precisando, que los datos de TSM de Chicama, (actualmente renominado Puerto Malabrigo constituyen la serie más larga y confiable del país se inició en Diciembre de 1924 con dos mediciones diarias hasta 1969 y a partir de esta fecha se realizan tres mediciones diarias. Luego se describe en la escala de tiempo, la presencia de anomalías de temperatura en grupos de años y escasas veces en un solo año y se define el inicio y duración del evento en función de las desviaciones estandard mensuales y anuales, para después caracterizar eventos cálidos o fríos y compararlos con los IOS. PUERTO CHICAMA SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION INDEX VARIATIONS: 1925-1992. The aim

Small area variation in diabetes prevalence in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Tierney, Edward F; Burrows, Nilka R; Barker, Lawrence E; Beckles, Gloria L; Boyle, James P; Cadwell, Betsy L; Kirtland, Karen A; Thompson, Theodore J

2013-06-01

To estimate the 2009 prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in Puerto Rico among adults ≥ 20 years of age in order to gain a better understanding of its geographic distribution so that policymakers can more efficiently target prevention and control programs. A Bayesian multilevel model was fitted to the combined 2008-2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and 2009 United States Census data to estimate diabetes prevalence for each of the 78 municipios (counties) in Puerto Rico. The mean unadjusted estimate for all counties was 14.3% (range by county, 9.9%-18.0%). The average width of the confidence intervals was 6.2%. Adjusted and unadjusted estimates differed little. These 78 county estimates are higher on average and showed less variability (i.e., had a smaller range) than the previously published estimates of the 2008 diabetes prevalence for all United States counties (mean, 9.9%; range, 3.0%-18.2%).

Intervención de incremento motivacional en centros ambulatorios para las adicciones: un ensayo aleatorizado multi-céntrico

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Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes/Objetivos: La Intervención de Incremento Motivacional (METS es una intervención breve para resolver la ambivalencia del paciente con respecto a su comportamiento y ha demostrado eficacia en distintas poblaciones para reducir el consumo de sustancias e incrementar la asistencia al tratamiento en adicciones. Con el objetivo de generar evidencia para su implementación en México, se desarrolló un ensayo clínico controlado, multi-sede, aleatorizado, de dos brazos en tres centros de tratamiento ambulatorio para adicciones, para comparar el efecto de METS con el del tratamiento usual (CAU. Método: Ciento veinte pacientes fueron aleatorizados a tres sesiones de METS (n=54 o CAU (n=66 durante las primeras cuatro semanas de tratamiento y evaluados durante las siguientes doce. Se midieron resultados mediante autoinforme de días con consumo de sustancias y días de utilización de servicios, los cuales fueron analizados mediante ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas. Resultados: Los resultados asociaron ambas condiciones a cambios significativos en uso de sustancias a lo largo del tiempo, pero no demostraron diferencias entre condiciones en el uso de sustancias o en la utilización de servicios. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos contradicen la hipótesis de superioridad de METS sobre CAU, pero sugieren que las intervenciones breves al inicio del tratamiento pudieran mejorar la respuesta del paciente. © 2017 Asociación Española de Psicología Conductual. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY−NC−ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by−nc−nd/4.0/.

Northeast Puerto Rico and Culebra Island Ground Validation Points 2015

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This shapefile denotes the location of underwater photos and videos taken in shallow water (0-35m) benthic habitats surrounding Northeast Puerto Rico and Culebra...

Northeast Puerto Rico and Culebra Island Accuracy Assessment Points - 2015

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This shapefile denotes the location of underwater photos and videos taken in shallow water (0-35m) benthic habitats surrounding Northeast Puerto Rico and Culebra...

The Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project Volume 1: land cover, vertebrate species distributions, and land stewardship

Science.gov (United States)

W. A. Gould; C. Alarcon; B. Fevold; M.E. Jimenez; S. Martinuzzi; G. Potts; M. Quinones; M. Solórzano; E. Ventosa

2008-01-01

Puerto Rico faces a number of problems common to much of the world. Population is increasing while land area is not, and there are reassessments of land use policy and practice to accommodate growing populations, shifting economies, and changing public value systems. Puerto Rico shares similarities with the Eastern United States with its history of agricultural...

Social Media as a strategic tool for Corporate Communication/ Los Medios Sociales como una herramienta estratégica para la Comunicación Corporativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivette Soto Velez

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Companies around the globe are embracing and adapting social media for many differentintentions: customer service, marketing, internal communications, public relations orcorporate social responsibility, etc. It is now a reality that social media is channging the waystakeholders and companies communicate daily, providing opportunities for collaboration,participation, interactivity, and engagement. Therefore, social media is conceived today inthe corporate world as a strategic communication partner, driving new and uniquepossibilities for organizations to engage stakeholders in conversations. We are witnesses of anew digital era where consumers are becoming active users rather than passive individuals,changing dramatically how society operates. But these useful technological tools areemployed widely and precisely by corporations in order to facilitate and improvecommunications? This research aims to discover the usage of different social mediaplatforms by Puerto Rican companies. A content analysis was performed to the Facebookand Twitter official profiles of the top 400 locally owned Puerto Rican companies of 2009.The principal objective was to find if social media sites were mainly used as a strategic toolfor corporate communication that can enhance stakeholder participation and engagement.Results showed that Puerto Rican companies are not employing social media platforms forimproving communications with different stakeholders, failing to take advantage of theenormous possibilities that social media has for communication./Compañías alrededor del mundo están utilizando los medios sociales para diferentespropósitos: servicio al cliente, mercadeo, comunicaciones internas, relaciones públicas oresponsabilidad social corporativa, etc. Hoy en día es una realidad que los medios socialesestán cambiando la manera en que se comunican las compañías con los distintos públicos deinterés, trayendo consigo oportunidades para la colaboración, el

The distribution and biology of potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa on coffee and citrus in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Plant diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) (Xf) surround the Caribbean Basin. Two major commodities of Puerto Rico, coffee and citrus, are highly susceptible to Xf. We surveyed potential vectors of Xf in coffee and citrus farms in western Puerto Rico over an 18 month period. Cicadel...

77 FR 74170 - Foreign-Trade Zone 7-Mayaguez, PR; Application for Subzone; Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [S-132-2012] Foreign-Trade Zone 7--Mayaguez, PR; Application for Subzone; Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico Distributing, LLC, Toa Baja, PR An application has been..., grantee of FTZ 7, requesting special-purpose subzone status for the facility of Pepsi Cola Puerto Rico...

Eliciting stakeholder values for coral reef management tasks in the Guánica Bay watershed, Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

The EPA is developing a valuation protocol for southwest Puerto Rico that will support the US Coral Reef Task Force’s (USCRTF) Partnership Initiative in the Guánica Bay/Rio Loco (GB/RL) Watershed. The GB/RL watershed is located in southwestern Puerto Rico and includes the urbaniz...

Feeding Practices and Expectations among Middle-Class Anglo and Puerto Rican Mothers of 12-Month-Old Infants.

Science.gov (United States)

Schulze, Pamela A.; Harwood, Robin L.; Schoelmerich, Axel

2001-01-01

Investigated differences in beliefs and practices about infant feeding among middle class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers. Interviews and observations indicated that Anglo mothers reported earlier attainment of self-feeding and more emphasis on child rearing goals related to self-maximization. Puerto Rican mothers reported later attainment of…

Arquitectura multi-controlador con transferencia sin salto para procesos con conmutación de modos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nagore Iriondo

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los sistemas con conmutación de modos se definen como aquéllos que pueden exhibir diferente comportamiento dinámico en función del estado en que se encuentran. Pueden por tanto ser descritos por un conjunto finito de subsistemas dinámicos y una lógica que rige la conmutación entre ellos. Una alternativa para su control es la arquitectura multi-controlador con supervisión ya que permite utilizar controladores de modo diferentes y alcanzar así múltiples objetivos de control. Pero la conmutación de controladores suele tener como consecuencia la aparición de saltos o transitorios derivados que pueden ser inaceptables. Este tipo de sistemas y problemática son frecuentes en diferentes áreas de aplicación industrial, en donde la tecnología de control más utilizada es el Controlador Lógico Programable (PLC. Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un método de diseño e implementación de un mecanismo de transferencia sin salto (BT en una arquitectura multi-modo y multi-bucle para sistemas con conmutación de modos, en PLC y en conformidad con el estándar IEC 61131-3. La estrategia BT se basa en que controladores de modos candidatos a conmutar realicen un seguimiento a los controladores activos, siendo la detección del estado de operación actual y de los posibles estados siguientes, clave en la definición de la forma de ejecución de los algoritmos de control que componen la arquitectura. Se presentan también los pasos del diseño de la arquitectura completa así como resultados experimentales que validan la arquitectura. Abstract: Switched mode systems are defined as those represented by a finite set of linear subsystems and a set of logic rules orchestrating the switching among them. A set of dynamic subsystems together with a logical system that orchestrates the switching among them could be used in order to describe it. An alternative to control them is a supervisory multi-mode controller architecture

New Heroic Figure: Female Protestors and Precarity in Puerto Rico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillermo Rebollo Gil

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This paper offers a critical look on an isolated, failed incident of protest carried out by a young Puerto Rican woman and her two children. In doing so, it explores the possibilities of radical political thought and action on the island. Furthermore, by situating this event within the larger context of danger—physical, social and discursive—that women in Puerto Rico are subjected to, it seeks to question the manner in which female protestors’ vulnerability and agency challenge those on the left to formulate gender-progressive strategies for emancipation. Lastly, it is argued here that this protestor features as new type of radical political subject on the island that could very well serve as a figurehead for large-scale social movements arising from a shared sense of precarity.

Photonics outreach and education through partnerships in Puerto Rico

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Jonathan S.; Diaz, Andres; Saltares, Roger; Luciano, Sarah; Molina, Nerivette; Martinez, Smailyn; Hernandez, Alejandro; de Jesus, Johan; Rivera, Yesenia; Capeles, Antonio; Alvear, Felipe; Lopez, Jesus; Rivera, Miguel; Saurez, Rey; Trujillo, Elsa

2015-10-01

As the only photonics center in Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rico Photonics Institute (PRPI) has developed education and outreach projects, partnering with other institutions and private companies to optimize the use of available resources. We present our experience, challenges, rewards, and results for the following projects: - Tours: K-12 students visit our facilities in a science tour including a presentation on the Arecibo Observatory (AO) and the Digital Planet Geodome. We present optics demonstrations and other information. In the first three months we hosted fifteen schools impacting over 1,400 students. - Outreach: We have newly active outreach and recruiting activities for Puerto Rico (PR) schools. - Teachers: With the PR Math-Science Partnership (MSP) Program, we have given a full-day workshop on optics and photonics experiments for 5th-12th grade teachers, and a master class at the annual MSP Congress. We have impacted over 500 teachers through these initiatives. - Continuing Education: We have given continuing education courses in addition to the MSP workshops. - General Public: We partner with museums in PR, the University of Turabo, and the AO Visitor Center to build optics exhibits, many developed by students. - Video: PRPI is promoting the 2015 International Year of Light, creating: 1. A short video with students and faculty from the Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) Schools of Communication and Business Administration; 2. A longer video with the production company Geoambiente. - Apps: Our website will include ray tracing and wave propagation applications, developed by UMET Computer Science students. - Capstone: Engineering students at the School of Engineering at Universidad del Turabo are developing laser pattern generators.

Variabilidad del contenido de humedad-equilibrio de la madera de diez especies comerciales para tres regiones del Perú

OpenAIRE

Rosales-Solórzano, Emer Ronald

2015-01-01

La investigación tuvo por objeto determinar el contenido de humedad-equilibrio (CHE) de la madera por año, época y estación en Puerto Maldonado y predicción anual para Huánuco y Lima. El método seguido fueron en base a los procedimientos de las normas ASTM, D – 2395 e INDECOPI-251 011, metodología que consistió en medir instantáneamente las probetas de madera y secar en estufa las mismas, que nos sirvió para determinar el CHE, peso actual (Pa) midiendo una vez por semana durante un año, calcu...

Geomorphic Proxies to Test Strain Accommodation in Southwestern Puerto Rico from Digital Elevation Models

Science.gov (United States)

Barrios Galindez, I. M.; Xue, L.; Laó-Dávila, D. A.

2017-12-01

The Puerto Rico and the Virgin Island microplate is located in at the northeastern corner of the Caribbean plate boundary with North America is placed within an oblique subduction zone in which strain patterns remain unresolved. Seismic hazard is a major concern in the region as seen from the seismic history of the Caribbean-North America plate boundary zone. Most of the tectonic models of the microplate show the accommodation of strain occurring offshore, despite evidence from seismic activity, trench studies, and geodetic studies suggesting the existence of strain accomodation in southwest Puerto Rico. These studies also suggest active faulting specially in the western part of the island, but limited work has been done regarding their mechanism. Therefore, this work aims to define and map these active faults in western Puerto Rico by integrating data from analysis of fluvial terrains, and detailed mapping using digital elevation model (DEM) extracted from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and LIDAR data. The goal is to (1) identify structural features such as surface lineaments and fault scarps for the Cerro Goden fault, South Lajas fault, and other active faults in the western of Puerto Rico, (2) correlate these information with the distribution pattern and values of the geomorphic proxies, including Chi integral (χ), normalized steepness (ksn) and Asymmetric factor (AF). Our preliminary results from geomorphic proxies and Lidar data provide some insight of the displacement and stage of activities of these faults (e.g. Boqueron-Punta Malva Fault and Cerro Goden fault). Also, the anomaly of the geomorphic proxies generally correlate with the locations of the landslides in the southwestern Puerto Rico. The geomorphic model of this work include new information of active faulting fundamental to produce better seismic hazards maps. Additionally, active tectonics studies are vital to issue and adjust construction buildings codes and zonification codes.

Geographic distribution of risk of death due to homicide in Puerto Rico, 2001-2010.

Science.gov (United States)

Zavala-Zegarra, Diego E; López-Charneco, Magdalena; Garcia-Rivera, Enid J; Concha-Eastman, Alberto; Rodriguez, José F; Conte-Miller, María

2012-11-01

To raise awareness of the impact of homicides in Puerto Rico based on the findings of the spatial and temporal distribution of homicides and the use of firearms, by age and gender, using reports of interpersonal violent deaths from the Institute of Forensic Science (IFS) headquartered in San Juan, Puerto Rico. This was a descriptive study of all homicide incidents in Puerto Rico reported by the IFS for the period 2001-2010. For each of the 8 542 cases, data analyzed included age, sex, municipality of incident, date of death, and mechanism. Crude sex- and age-specific mortality rates for Puerto Rico and for each municipality per year and for the 10-year period were calculated. Cumulative rate and cumulative risks were estimated and defined as lifetime risk. The relative distribution of cumulative rates for each municipality was categorized into quartiles of highest to lowest risk and displayed as a map. The risk of homicide death among males is 13 times greater than among females. The highest rates were observed among males 20-24 years of age (198.4 homicides per 100 000). In any given year, firearms were used in at least 80% of homicides. The average lifetime risk of homicide death for males is 1 in 34. Young adult males with access to firearms are at greatest risk of homicide in Puerto Rico. Also, highly urbanized municipalities are at highest risk; however, certain non-urban municipalities along the coast also have a very high homicide risk. Top priorities should be applying the WHO "ecological model" for violent injury prevention and establishing a surveillance system that will assist in identifying the role that socioeconomics, illegal firearms trade, and drug trafficking are playing.